OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thomas Bowman (Iowa politician)

Thomas Bowman (May 25, 1848 – December 1, 1917) was a local official, newspaper publisher, and one-term Democratic U.S. Representative from Iowa's 9th congressional district. Benefiting from an electoral backlash in 1890 against Republicans for their support of the McKinley Tariff, Bowman's election was a rare nineteenth century Democratic win in traditionally Republican southwestern Iowa.
Born in Wiscasset, Maine, Bowman moved to Council Bluffs, Iowa, in 1868. A bachelor, he engaged in mercantile pursuits. In 1875, 1877 and 1879 he was elected treasurer of Pottawattamie County. He served as mayor of Council Bluffs in 1882.
In 1883, he purchased a controlling ownership of the Council Bluffs Globe newspaper. Under his ownership, the Globe identified itself as a Democratic newspaper. While publishing and editing the Globe, he was appointed postmaster of Council Bluffs in 1885, serving until his resignation in 1889.
In 1890 two Democrats other than Bowman ran for their party's nomination for the U.S. House seat then held by Republican Joseph Rea Reed. However, at the 9th district's convention, Bowman was drafted and nominated instead. After defeating Reed in the general election as part the Democratic Party's first nationwide congressional landslide against the Republican Party (and first majority in Iowa's House delegation), Bowman served in the Fifty-second Congress. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1892, explaining that "my private business demands my undivided attention and I can only continue in public office at a great personal sacrifice." In all, he served in Congress from March 4, 1891 to March 3, 1893.
After returning to Council Bluffs and the Globe, he was again the postmaster of Council Bluffs from 1904 to 1908. He also engaged in railroad contracting.
Bowman died in Council Bluffs, on December 1, 1917. He was interred in Pine Grove Cemetery in Dresden Mills, Maine.
# James Dennis Brady

Col. James Dennis Brady (April 3, 1843 – November 30, 1900) was a U.S. Representative from Virginia. He was also an American Civil War officer for the North. In between his public service years, he was a lawyer in private practice.

## Early life

Brady was born in Portsmouth, Virginia to Irish immigrant parents Bartholomew and Elizabeth Brady, who had four other children. His parents died in the 1855 Yellow Fever epidemic, which claimed the lives of approximately 10% of the Portsmouth population.

## Civil War accomplishments

Brady enlisted on March 9, 1861 as a private in Company A, 37th New York Volunteers, "Irish Rifles", and with the Irish Brigade. He was commissioned as Lieutenant then Adjutant, promoted to Captain, Major, Lieutenant and Colonel of the regiment and last named officer honorably mustered out of service on 1865-05-26, claiming to be the "Youngest colonel in the Army of the Potomac."
He fought in all the great battles in which the Irish Brigade was engaged, and commanded "The Color Company" in the Battle of Fredericksburg in 1862. He suffered four notable injuries including being wounded in the head while leading his company in the assault of the Irish Brigade upon Marye’s heights; in the leg in the second day of the battle of Fair Oaks, the morning that General Howard lost his arm; wounded in the mouth at Malvern Hill; and again wounded in the arm at Cold Harbor 1864-06-03, in which a shot also passed through his abdomen. Personally complimented by General Hancock at the battle of Gettysburg on the afternoon that General Zook was mortally wounded. (Brady was with him).

## Post-war life

James Brady returned to Virginia after the war, taking home the colors (flag) of the Irish Brigade, as was the tradition. He later donated the flag to Notre Dame and[?] wrote a book on the flag called Blue for the Union, Green for Ireland.
Brady was elected Clerk of the Court in Portsmouth and served from 1865 to 1877. President Hayes appointed Brady Collector of Internal Revenue for the second district of Virginia from 1877 to 1885, and from 1889 to 1900.
He served as delegate to the Republican National Conventions, 1880, 1888, and 1896.
He had a successful run for the Senate in 1875 that was overturned due to a ballot stuffing scandal. But he wrote, "...There is nothing that discourages me... ", and was later elected to the Forty-ninth Congress (March 4, 1885 – March 3, 1887). He was not a candidate for renomination in 1886.
He died on November 30, 1900, in Petersburg, Virginia and was interred in St. Joseph's Cemetery, Petersburg Virginia.

## 1884 election

Brady was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives with 40.48% of the vote, defeating Democrat George E. Rives and Independent Republican Joseph P. Evans.
* American Civil War portal
# David P. Brewster

David Payne Brewster (June 15, 1801 – February 20, 1876) was an American lawyer and politician who served two terms as a U.S. Representative from New York from 1839 to 1843.

## Biography

Born in Cairo, New York, Brewster attended the common schools and graduated from Union College, Schenectady, New York, in 1823. After that, he moved to New York City, where he studied law. In 1825, he was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Oswego, New York.

## Career

Brewster was a trustee of the Village of Oswego in 1828, 1836 and 1845; District Attorney of Oswego County from 1829 to 1833; Supervisor of the Town of Oswego in 1833; Treasurer of the Village of Oswego from 1832 to 1834; President of the Village of Oswego in 1837. He was also an associate judge of the court of Common Pleas from 1833 to 1841.

### Tenure in Congress

Brewster was elected as a Democrat to the 26th and 27th United States Congresses, holding office from March 4, 1839, to March 3, 1843.

### Later career

After his political career, Brewster was appointed as Postmaster of Oswego, New York, on July 21, 1845, and served until January 10, 1849, when his successor was appointed. Returning to the practice of law, he also engaged in agricultural pursuits. Brewster served as member of the excise board commission and became its president in 1870, and held the office for three years.

## Death

Brewster died in Oswego, Oswego County, New York, February 20, 1876; and was interred at Riverside Cemetery, Scriba town, Oswego County, New York.
# Henry Hunter Bryan

Henry Hunter Bryan (February 23, 1786 – May 7, 1835) was an American politician who represented Tennessee in the United States House of Representatives.

## Biography

Bryan was born in Martin County, North Carolina and attended grammar and high school there. After he moved to Tennessee, he held several local offices. He married Elizabeth Ann Averett, daughter of Jesse Averett and Mary Grimes, in 1804.

## Career

Bryan was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Sixteenth Congress, which lasted from March 4, 1819 to March 3, 1821. Although he had been re-elected to the Seventeenth Congress, he did not take the seat because he did not qualify.

## Death

Bryan was a member of the Freemasons. He died in Montgomery County, Tennessee, on May 7, 1835 (age 49 years, 73 days). The location of his interment is unknown. His brother, Joseph Hunter Bryan, was also a U.S. Representative from the state of North Carolina.
# Gang patch

A gang patch in New Zealand refers to the identifying insignia of a street gang. Patches have been linked to intimidation of members of the public by gang members. Gang patches perform much the same identification role as gang colours do in other countries.
Each of the country's gangs has its own forms of insignia, of which the most prominent is often a large symbol, frequently worn by members on their clothing as a symbol of their gang membership. The patch is often seen as being as important to gang members as a military flag is to members of an army group, and any insult to the patch is taken as being an insult to the gang as a whole.
As such, the term has a more general meaning. Being a "patched" member of a gang is to be a fully initiated member of the gang – and often a ranking member of the gang's structure. The physical patches are highly valued and have been used with some success in negotiations.

## Legality
### Wanganui District Council legislation

The explanatory notes to the "Wanganui District Council (Prohibition of Gang Insignia) Bill", a local bill introduced into the New Zealand Parliament by then Whanganui MP Chester Borrows, records that the Wanganui District Council already had an informal policy that prohibited wearing or displaying gang insignia in public buildings. However, as result of attacks on police and the 5 May 2007 murder of two-year old Jhia Te Tua during a drive-by gang shooting, the council sought the legal power to make bylaws that prohibited wearing gang insignia in designated spaces. The bill received Royal Assent on 9 May 2009 and came into force the next day as the Wanganui District Council (Prohibition of Gang Insignia) Act 2009.
Wanganui District Council then passed bylaws banning the wearing of gang insignia, or patches and similar symbols, within parts of their jurisdiction. The ban was tested by judicial review in a hearing before Clifford J in November 2010. The judge reserved his decision.

### Government legislation

On 28 June 2012, Rotorua MP Todd McClay, introduced the "Prohibition of Gang Insignia in Government Premises Bill" into the New Zealand Parliament. The stated aim of the bill was to "provide an environment free from gang intimidation" in all Government premises, including schools, hospitals and local authority premises, as well as those of central government. The bill, which had very similar provisions to the Wanganui District Council's by-law, received Royal assent on 12 August 2013 and became law as the Prohibition of Gang Insignia in Government Premises Act 2013.
In February 2024, the Sixth National Government of New Zealand, comprising the National Party, ACT Party and New Zealand First, announced plans to ban gang patches in public as part of a raft of anti-gang legislation.
On 19 September 2024, the New Zealand Parliament passed the Gangs Act 2024 which banned gang patches and gave police and courts new dispersal and non-consorting powers for combating gangs. While National, ACT and NZ First supported the bill, it was opposed by the Labour, Green, and Māori parties.
# Benjamin F. Funk

Benjamin Franklin Funk (October 17, 1838 – February 14, 1909) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois, father of Frank Hamilton Funk.

## Biography

Born in Funk's Grove Township, McLean County, Illinois, Funk attended the public schools and Illinois Wesleyan University in Bloomington, Illinois. He was the son of Isaac Funk.
He left school in 1862 to enlist in the Sixty-eighth Regiment, Illinois Volunteer Infantry, as a private, and served five months during the Civil War.
After the war, he returned to the university and finished the course. After this, he engaged in agricultural pursuits.
He returned to Bloomington, in 1869, and served as its mayor from 1871 to 1876 and from 1884 to 1886. He also served as president of the board of trustees at Wesleyan University for twenty years, served as a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1888 and was a trustee of the asylum for the blind in Jacksonville.
Funk was elected as a Republican to the Fifty-third Congress (March 4, 1893 – March 3, 1895). His candidacy for renomination in 1894 failed, so he returned to agriculture. He died on February 14, 1909, in Bloomington, Illinois. He is currently buried in Bloomington Cemetery.
# Ahrntal

Ahrntal (German pronunciation:; Italian: Valle Aurina) is a comune (municipality) in South Tyrol in northern Italy, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northeast of the city of Bolzano (Bozen), near the border to Austria.

## Geography

Ahrntal borders the following municipalities: Mühlwald, Prettau, Sand in Taufers, Brandberg (Austria), Finkenberg (Austria), and Mayrhofen (Austria).

### Frazioni

The municipality contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Luttach (Lutago), Steinhaus (Cadipietra), St. Jakob (San Giacomo), St. Johann (San Giovanni), St. Peter (San Pietro) and Weißenbach (Riobianco).
Weißenbach is composed of picturesque Alpine farmhouses, grouped around the foaming white glacial stream from which its name is derived. With a population of around 550, it has an elevation of 1,350 metres (4,430 ft) above sea level.

### Topography

To the north, west and southwest, the municipality is surrounded by the Zillertal Alps. The main chain of these Alps at the head of the valley also forms the border with Austria. Amongst the most important mountains in the municipality are the Turnerkamp (3,418 m), the Hornspitzen, the Schwarzenstein (3,369 m), the Großer Löffler (3,379 m), the Wollbachspitze (3,210 m) and the Napfspitze (3,144 m). The ranges to the west and southwest, including the Speikboden massiv, separate the village of Ahrntal from Mühlwald in the Mühlwalder Tal. To the southeast are the Durreck Group, a subrange of the Venediger Group with the Durreck (3,135 m) and the Hirbernock (3,010 m) which form the boundary of the municipality of Reintal and its village of Rein in Taufers. Large parts of the Durreck Group are protected as part of the Rieserferner-Ahrn Nature Park.

## History

A highlight is the Church of St. Jacob, dating from the 16th century. The church houses a valuable winged altar from 1516, which was restored in 1884. Also of note are both the modern extension to the church building and the newly arranged adjoining cemetery.

### Place name

A name for the valley was first recorded in written sources in the 11th century. An Aurina vallis is mentioned in 1048. Between 1070 and 1080 Ourin or Ouren appear in documents.

### Coat-of-arms

The emblem is tierced of paly: in the first and third are four and half points of argent on azure, in the second a vert pale with a wavy line of argent. The emblem show the position of the municipality along the green valley with the river Ahr and the mountains all around. The emblem was granted in 1969.

## Notable people

* Simon Maurberger (born 1995), World Cup alpine ski racer.

## Society
### Linguistic distribution

According to the 2024 census, 98.14% of the population speak German, 1.57% Italian and 0.29% Ladin as first language.
| Language | 2001 | 2011 | 2024 |
| German | 98.79% | 98.76% | 98.14% |
| Italian | 1.07% | 0.93% | 1.57% |
| Ladin | 0.13% | 0.31% | 0.29% |
# William Augustus Darling

William Augustus Darling (December 27, 1817 – May 26, 1895) was a U.S. Representative from New York.

## Biography

Darling was born in Newark, New Jersey, and attended the local schools. He moved to New York City, where he was employed as a clerk and became involved in the wholesale grocery business. He also served as director of the Mercantile Library Association.
In addition to his business career, Darling served as a private and officer in the New York National Guard's 7th Regiment for eleven years.
From 1847 to 1854 Darling served as New York City's deputy receiver of taxes. He served as president of the Third Avenue Railroad from 1854 to 1865. Active in the Republican from its inception, Darling was a presidential elector in 1860; the Republicans carried New York, and Darling cast his ballot for the ticket of Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin.
In 1864, Darling was elected as a Republican to the Thirty-ninth Congress (March 4, 1865 - March 3, 1867). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1866 to the Fortieth Congress, and an unsuccessful candidate for mayor in 1866.
Darling served as federal collector of internal revenue for the ninth district of New York from April 26, 1869, to April 17, 1871, and as a federal customs appraiser from April 18, 1871, to April 1, 1876. He also became active in banking, and served as president of the Murray Hill Bank.
He died in New York City May 26, 1895, and was interred in Trinity Church Cemetery.
# Donna con te

"Donna con te" ("Woman with You") is a 1990 song composed by Danilo Amerio and Luciano Boero and performed by Anna Oxa.

## Background

The song premiered at the 40th edition of the Sanremo Music Festival, where it was first supposed to be performed by Patty Pravo; during the rehearsals Pravo complained about the lyrics and asked major changes, and eventually refused to perform the song. After considering several replacements such as Fiordaliso, Lorella Cuccarini and Lina Sastri, Anna Oxa was eventually chosen.
During the festival, the song was also performed in a Portuguese-language adaptation by Kaoma.

## Charts

| Chart | Peak position |
| Italy (Musica e dischi) | 6 |
# Sodiq Suraj

Sodiq Suraj (born 8 January 1988 in Oshogbo) is a Nigerian football player who plays for Osun United.

## Career

Sodiq Suraj is a central defender who can also play as defensive midfielder. In 2008, he played in Serbian second level in FK Partizan's satellite team FK Teleoptik. In the season 2012–13 he played for OC Safi at Moroccan top division. In October 2013 he signed with Duhok SC in the Iraqi Premier League. Next season, in 2014, he switched to another Iraqi club, Naft Al-Wasat SC.

### Position

His natural position is defender and is a variable and strong defence man. Sodiq plays as Libero or as Left full back on the national team.

## International career

Sodiq Suraj played with Nigeria U-20 at the 2007 African Youth Championship where they were losing finalists, thus qualifying for the U-20 World Cup. Next he played with Nigeria national under-20 football team, at the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup in Canada where they reached the quarter-finals.

## Honours
### Nigeria U-20

* Finalist at 2007 African Youth Championship
* Quarter-Finalist of 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup
# Walpole G. Colerick

Walpole Gillespie Colerick (August 1, 1845 – January 11, 1911) was an American lawyer and politician who served two terms as a U.S. Representative from Indiana from 1879 to 1883.

## Biography

Born in Fort Wayne, Indiana, Colerick attended public schools and studied law. He was admitted to the bar in 1872 and commenced practice in Fort Wayne.
Colerick was elected as a Democrat to the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1879 – March 3, 1883) and was a Supreme Court commissioner from 1883 to 1885. He again engaged in the practice of law in Fort Wayne until his death there on January 11, 1911. He was interred in Lindenwood Cemetery.
# John Calhoun Bell

John Calhoun Bell (December 11, 1851 – August 12, 1933) was a U.S. Representative from Colorado.

## Biography

Born near Sewanee, Tennessee, Bell was the son of Harrison and Rachel Laxon Bell. He attended public and private schools in Franklin County, and studied law in Winchester, Tennessee. He was admitted to the bar in 1874, and married Susie Abernathy in 1881.

## Career

Bell moved to Colorado in 1874 and commenced practice in Del Norte, Colorado, moving to Saguache, Colorado, the same year. He served as county attorney of Saguache County, Colorado, from 1874 to May 1876. He moved to Lake City, Colorado, in 1876, and was elected county clerk of Hinsdale County, Colorado in 1878. He served as mayor of Lake City in 1885. He moved to Montrose, Colorado, in 1886 and continued the practice of law. He was judge of the seventh judicial district of Colorado from 1889 until his resignation in 1892, having been elected to Congress.
Elected as a Populist to the Fifty-third and to the four succeeding Congresses, Bell was United States Representative for the second district of Colorado from March 4, 1893 to March 3, 1903. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1902 to the Fifty-eighth Congress. He served as member of the United States Industrial Commission in 1900 and 1901. He resumed the practice of law in Montrose, Colorado; and served as judge of the Colorado Court of Appeals from 1913 to 1915, then resumed the practice of law. He served as a member of the State board of agriculture from 1931 to 1933.

## Interaction with Elsie Lincoln Benedict

While residing in Montrose, Colorado, John Calhoun Bell had a notable encounter with Elsie Lincoln Benedict, a distinguished lecturer and thinker from the same town. During a visit to Los Angeles, Judge Bell attended a series of lectures on psychology conducted by Mrs. Benedict, who was then making significant waves with her public speaking and intellectual prowess on the West Coast.
Impressed by her abilities, Judge Bell praised Elsie Lincoln Benedict as "the most striking personality and the most profound thinker in the feminine world capturing the attention of the American public." He was particularly struck by her oratorical skills and her ability to engage and inspire her audience. Judge Bell noted that her lectures were not only well-received but also had a profound impact on many individuals, helping them to discover and utilize their latent abilities.
Bell's encounter with Benedict was covered in the Montrose Daily Press, Volume XI, Number 200, dated March 2, 1920, highlighting the widespread recognition and admiration she garnered. Benedict's lectures were so popular that despite the venue in Los Angeles having a capacity of only 1000, over 1200 people attended, with many, including Judge Bell, standing throughout the event.
This meeting reflects the broader cultural and intellectual connections prominent individuals like Bell had with other significant figures of their time, further illustrating the rich social and intellectual fabric of early 20th-century America.

## Death

Bell died in Montrose, Colorado, on August 12, 1933.