OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cristián Chaparro

Raúl Cristian Chaparro (born October 19, 1975, in San Isidro (Buenos Aires), Argentina) is a former Argentine footballer who played for clubs of Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia and Guatemala. He played as a midfielder.

## Club career
### Teams

* Ferro Carril Oeste 1996–2000
* Huracán 2000–2001
* Cobresal 2001–2002
* Barcelona 2002
* Audax Italiano 2003
* Municipal 2003–2004
* Jorge Wilstermann 2004
* La Gomera FC 2005
* Cúcuta Deportivo 2005
* Deportes Quindío 2006
* San José 2007
* Almagro 2007
* Municipal 2008
* Aurora 2009–2010

## International career

Chaparro was a squad member of the Argentina under-20 squad that won the 1995 FIFA World Youth Championship.

## Personal life

He is the son of the former Argentine international footballer Raúl Chaparro and the nephew of Rolando Chaparro, brother of Raúl.
# Jabučno

Jabučno (Montenegrin and Serbian Cyrillic: Јабучно) is a village in the municipality of Bijelo Polje, Montenegro.

## Demographics

According to the 2003 census, the village had a population of 104 people.
According to the 2011 census, its population was 95.
Ethnicity in 2011 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Serbs | 58 | 61.1% |
| Montenegrins | 30 | 31.6% |
| other/undeclared | 7 | 7.4% |
| Total | 95 | 100% |
# Juqhun K'ark'a

Juqhun K'ark'a (Aymara juqhu muddy place, -n(i) a suffix, k'ark'a crevice, fissure, crack, "a crevice with a muddy place", also spelled Jucun Karka, Jukun Karka) is a mountain in the western extensions of the Cordillera Real in the Andes of Bolivia which reaches a height of approximately 4,500 m (14,800 ft). It is located in the La Paz Department, Los Andes Province, Batallas Municipality. Juqhun K'ark'a lies southwest of Qullqi Chata and west of Laram Salla.
# Necrocarcinidae

Necrocarcinidae is an extinct family of Late Jurassic and Cretaceous crabs. It comprises 40 species grouped in seven genera.

## Genera

Genera within this family include:
* Corazzatocarcinus Larghi, 2004
* Cristella Collins and Rasmussen 1992
* Necrocarcinus Bell, 1863
* Paranecrocarcinus Van Straelen, 1936
* Polycnemidium Reuss, 1859
* Pseudonecrocarcinus Förster, 1968
* Shazella Collins & Williams, 2004
# Vladimir Krivošejev

Vladimir Krivošejev (Serbian Cyrillic: Владимир Кривошејев; born 28 December 1963) is a Serbian historian, culturologist, museologist, director of the National Museum in Valjevo, and assistant professor at the Singidunum University.
He graduated in 1989, majoring in history at the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, where he began graduate studies. He received a master's degree at the Faculty of Media and Culture, Megatrend University in marketing culture, and a doctorate from the Faculty of Dramatic Arts, University of Arts in Belgrade, at the Department of Management in culture, on topic of museum management.
In addition to museological activity, he is also involved in historiography and management culture. He is the author of several permanent exhibitions and thematic exhibitions, as well as dozens of bibliographic units (monographs, manuals, catalogs, guides, articles, discussions, presentations, etc.).
# Eign Hill

Eign Hill is an eastern suburb and ward of Hereford in Herefordshire, England. The population at the 2011 census of the ward was 3,390. Eign Hill is one of the sixteen wards of Hereford City Council. Eign Hill is bordered by the suburbs of Bartonsham, The Hamptons, and Tupsley.

## History
### Early history

Eign Hill was first recorded from prehistoric times and has been a prominent landmark hill in the city for many centuries. It became urbanised around 1849 due to the coming of the industrial revolution and its location to both the Hereford - Worcester Line and River Wye.

### Industrial revolution

A wharf was opened known as "Eign Wharf" where it was located in the suburb of Bartonsham to the south and was the location of both the "Whalebone Inn" and fishing dock.

### Sir Edward Elgar

The area was also home to the famous author, Sir Edward Elgar between 1904 and 1911 where he had written and published most of his works in Eign Hill.

## Notable buildings

The area is home to some landmark buildings including:
* The 19th Century, Rose & Crown Pub on Ledbury Road. It was once a stopping point and was used by mail coaches three times a week to and from Hereford.
* Brockington House is an old council building which became the administrative headquarters for Herefordshire Council between 1998 and 2014, following closure of Hereford Town Hall in 1998 when Herefordshire both separated from Hereford and Worcester and was designated a unitary authority to cover the whole county of Herefordshire. It is now a care home.

## Demographics

At the 2011 census, the population of Eign Hill's ward profile was 3,390. Of the findings, the ethnicity and religious composition of the ward was:
Eign Hill: Ethnicity: 2011 Census :
| Ethnic group | Population | % |
| White | 3,271 | 92,8% |
| Asian or Asian British | 51 | 3.6% |
| Mixed | 42 | 3% |
| Black or Black British | 12 | 0.2% |
| Arab | 7 | 0.2% |
| Other Ethnic Group | 7 | 0.2% |
| Total | 3,390 | 100% |
The religious composition of Eign Hill's ward at the 2011 Census was recorded as:
Eign Hill: Religion: 2011 Census :
| Religious | Population | % |
| Christian | 2,393 | 70.6% |
| Irreligious | 694 | 20.5% |
| Muslim | 3 | 0.1% |
| Hindu | 6 | 0.2% |
| Buddhist | 13 | 0.4% |
| Other religion | 3 | 0.1% |
| Total | 3,390 | 100% |

## Geography

Eign Hill is located to the east of Hereford City Centre and between the suburbs of Bartonsham. Old Eign Hill, Tupsley and Burcott. It is on the A438 to Ledbury and is close to both Hereford County Hospital and Hereford Railway Station.
# Yinon (name)

Yinon or Inon can be used as a masculine given name or a surname

## Given name

* Yinon Azulai (born 1979), Israeli politician
* Yinon Barda (born 1984), Israeli footballer
* Inon Barnatan (born 1979, American-Israeli pianist
* Yinon Cohen, Israeli sociologist
* Inon Eliyahu (born 1993), Israeli footballer
* Yinon Magal (born 1969), Israeli politician and journalist
* Inon Shampanier, director of the 2021 film Paper Spiders
* Yinon Yahel (born 1978), Israeli musician
* Inon Zur (born 1965), Israeli-American composer

## Surname

* Israel Yinon (1956-2015), Israeli conductor
* Maoz Inon (born 1975), Israeli tourism entrepreneur
# William A. Rinehart

William Alonzo Rinehart (April 5, 1846 – January 30, 1922) was an American Democratic politician who served as a member of the Virginia Senate, representing the state's 7th district.
# Get On Up and Dance

Get On Up and Dance is the debut studio album by American hip hop group Quad City DJ's. The group was made up of Jay Ski and C.C. Lemonhead, both of whom had previously worked with Chill Deal, 95 South and 69 Boyz, and producing hits such as "Whoot, There It Is" and "Tootsee Roll" for them. Singer JeLanna “Lana” LaFleur was added to the group after being discovered dancing at the Tootsie Roll video shoot. Once recognized for her dancing abilities, she decided to show off her vocal skills in the studio and quickly was added as a member contributing all of the vocals to the album. The album contained the major hit single "C'mon N' Ride It (The Train)" which peaked at number 3 on the Billboard Hot 100 and went Platinum. Get On Up and Dance peaked at number 31 on the Billboard 200 and was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for selling over a million copies in the United States.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Cash Box | (favorable) |
| Robert Christgau | |
Despite feeling repetitive at times and lacking tracks that match the catchability of "C'mon N' Ride It", Johnny Loftus from AllMusic said the album works best as a "harmless, humorous, and entertaining diversion" at parties, concluding that, "Hovering at an average of 132 beats per minute, Get On Up and Dance also never makes the mistake of including a ballad or an unfunny skit. It's all about dancing, all the time."

## Charts and certifications
### Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,000,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# William Pallister Hubbard

William Pallister Hubbard (December 24, 1843 – December 5, 1921) was an American Republican politician from Wheeling, West Virginia who served as a United States representative. The son of Congressman Chester D. Hubbard, he served as a member of the 60th and 61st United States Congresses.
Hubbard attended the public schools and Linsly School in Wheeling. He graduated from Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut in 1863. After studying law, he was admitted to the bar in 1864. He enlisted in the Union Army as a private in 1865 in the 3rd West Virginia Cavalry. He rose to the rank of first lieutenant before being honorably discharged.
After earning a Masters of Arts degree in 1866, again at Wesleyan, he returned to Wheeling and commenced the practice of law in 1866. He married Ann E. Chamberlin of Louisiana in 1868.
He was a clerk of the West Virginia House of Delegates from 1866 to 1870, then served as a member of the House of Delegates in 1881 and 1882. He was chosen as a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1888 and 1912. At the 1912 Republican convention, Hubbard was a leading supporter of Theodore Roosevelt in his unsuccessful attempt to retake the White House. He was also an unsuccessful Republican candidate for Attorney General of West Virginia in 1888.
Hubbard's candidacy for election in 1890 to the Fifty-second Congress was also unsuccessful. From 1901 to 1903 he served as chairman of the commission to revise the tax laws of West Virginia. He was elected in 1906 from West Virginia's 1st District as a Republican to the Sixtieth and Sixty-first Congresses (March 4, 1907 – March 3, 1911).
He declined renomination in 1910 and returned to his law practice in Wheeling. There he died at the age of 77, and was buried in Greenwood Cemetery in Wheeling.
# Oskar Pfister

Oskar Pfister (23 February 1873 – 6 August 1956) was a Swiss Lutheran minister and lay psychoanalyst who was a native of Wiedikon.
Pfister studied theology, philosophy and psychology at the University of Zurich and the University of Basel, graduating in 1898 in the philosophical faculty. He then became a pastor, serving in Wald (canton of Zürich) until 1920. He is remembered for his efforts involving the application of psychoanalysis to the science of education, as well as his belief system in a synthesis of psychology and theology.
Pfister was a pioneer of modern Swiss psychology, belonging to a psychoanalytical circle in Zurich that was centered on Eugen Bleuler and Carl Jung. In 1919, he formed the Swiss Society for Psychoanalysis. Although the psychiatrist Emil Oberholzer founded a separate Swiss Medical Society for Psychoanalysis in 1928, Pfister stuck with the group he had started, defending Sigmund Freud's position on lay analysis that Oberholzer's group rejected.
Pfister was an early associate of Freud, maintaining an ongoing correspondence with him from 1909 to 1939 (the year of Freud's death). Pfister believed that theology and psychology were compatible disciplines and advocated the concept of a "Christian Eros". He was especially interested in Freud's concepts of the Oedipus Complex, castration anxiety and infantile sexuality. From a religious standpoint, Pfister advocated a return to what he saw as the original fundamental teachings of Jesus Christ.
The Oskar Pfister Award is awarded by the American Psychiatric Association, with the Association of Professional Chaplains, for significant contributions to the field of religion and psychiatry.

## Selected writings

* Psychoanalysis & Faith: the Letters of Sigmund Freud & Oskar Pfister (1909–39)
* 1910: Die Frömmigkeit des Grafen Ludwig von Zinzendorf
* 1917: The Psychoanalytic Method; Charles Rockwell Payne (translator)
* 1944: Das Christentum und die Angst: Eine religionspsychologische, historische und religionshygienische Untersuchung
* 1948: Christianity and Fear (translation of Das Christentum und die Angst)
# Steven W. Churchill

Steven W. Churchill (born May 8, 1963) is an American politician and fundraising professional. He served as a Republican member of the Iowa House of Representatives from 1993 to 1999.

## Early life

Steven W. Churchill was born May 8, 1963, in Akron, Ohio. His father was Wayne Churchill and his mother, Sue Churchill. He graduated from Iowa State University in Ames, Iowa, in 1985.

## Career

He served in the Iowa House of Representatives from 1993 to 1999. He is a co-founder and former President of The Bull Moose Club of Des Moines, Iowa, an organization of Republicans under the age of forty based in Des Moines, Iowa.
He was the founder and President of The Churchill Group from 1993 to 1997, a fundraising firm. He served as the Director of Major Gifts at Simpson College in Indianola, Iowa. He served as the Vice President of Development and Alumni Relations at Des Moines University in Des Moines, Iowa. He served as the Executive Director of the American Medical Association Foundation from 2007 to 2014.
He served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Associate of Healthcare Philanthropy in Falls Church, Virginia. He also served as the Eminent Supreme Archon of Sigma Alpha Epsilon until 2017.
He is the recipient of the Commander's Award for Public Service from the United States Department of the Army.
He is now the Chief of Staff at the Embassy of the United States of America in Beijing, China.

## Personal life

He has attended the Plymouth Congregational Church.
# Exeter Book Riddle 25

Exeter Book Riddle 25 (according to the numbering of the Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records) is one of the Old English riddles found in the later tenth-century Exeter Book. Suggested solutions have included Hemp, Leek, Onion, Rosehip, Mustard and Phallus, but the consensus is that the solution is Onion.

## Text and translation

As edited by Krapp and Dobbie and translated by Megan Cavell, the riddle reads:$^{:193}$

## Interpretation

The riddle is noted for its double entendre, since to many readers the obvious solution to the riddle is 'penis'. It accordingly provides important evidence for attitudes to gender and sexuality in early medieval England.

## Editions

* Krapp, George Philip and Elliott Van Kirk Dobbie (eds), The Exeter Book, The Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records, 3 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1936), p. 193, https://web.archive.org/web/20181206091232/http://ota.ox.ac.uk/desc/3009.
* Williamson, Craig (ed.), The Old English Riddles of the Exeter Book (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1977).
* Muir, Bernard J. (ed.), The Exeter Anthology of Old English Poetry: An Edition of Exeter Dean and Chapter MS 3501, 2nd edn, 2 vols (Exeter: Exeter University Press, 2000).
* Foys, Martin et al. (eds.) Old English Poetry in Facsimile Project, (Madison, WI: Center for the History of Print and Digital Culture, 2019-). Online edition annotated and linked to digital facsimile, with a modern translation.

### Recordings

* Michael D. C. Drout, 'Riddle 25', performed from the Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records edition (24 October 2007).
# Bordet–Gengou agar

Bordet–Gengou agar is a type of agar plate optimized to isolate Bordetella, containing blood, potato extract, and glycerol, with an antibiotic such as cephalexin or penicillin and sometimes nicotinamide. The potato extract provided nitrogen and vitamins, and potato starch absorbed fatty acids present in nasal secretions or collection-swab cotton that inhibited growth; glycerol was a carbon source. Medical Microbiology, 4th edition, states that Regan-Lowe medium (containing charcoal, blood, and antibiotic) has replaced Bordet–Gengou medium as the medium of choice for routine Bordetella pertussis incubation.
Bordetella bacteria were difficult to culture; Jules Bordet and Octave Gengou invented the first version to isolate the coccobacillus, named Bordet–Gengou in 1906, they believed was associated with whooping cough. In 1909, it was not yet established that the coccobacillus was solely the cause.
# Madeleine Thétu

Madeleine Thétu (born 23 November 1937) is a French athlete. She competed in the women's long jump at the 1960 Summer Olympics.
# Palace of the End

Palace of the End is a play by Judith Thompson, that consists of three monologues telling tales related to Iraq before and after the 2003 invasion of Iraq. The first two are based on real people Lynndie England and David Kelly and the third is fictional. Palace of the End was published in 2007 by Playwrights Canada Press.
The play ran in Los Angeles in 2007, at Canadian Stage Company in Toronto in 2008, at Playwrights Horizons in New York in 2008, at the Frank Theatre Studio in Minneapolis, Minnesota, in 2009 and at the Arcola Theatre in London in 2010. It won the 2007–08 Susan Smith Blackburn Prize and the Amnesty International Freedom of Expression Awards at the 2009 Edinburgh Festival Fringe.

## The monologues

The monologue’s titles are "My Pyramids", "Harrowdown Hill", and "Instruments of Yearning".
“My Pyramids” refers to the Abu Ghraib human pyramids. The speaker is Lynndie England, the United States Army reservist who become the face of the Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse, and who is said to have made prisoners form human pyramids.
"Harrowdown Hill" refers to the place where the body of Dr. David Kelly was found a few weeks after he confessed to a journalist that he had lied about the existence of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq. Kelly was a British weapons inspector in Iraq.
"Instruments of Yearning" refers to the Jihaz al-Haneen, the secret police of the Ba'ath Party who detained fictional character Nehrjas Al Saffarh, an Iraqi communist, in 1963. Saffarh survived but was killed during United States bombing in the 1991 Persian Gulf War.
# William Hunter Cavendish

The Hon. William Hunter Cavendish (c. 1735–1818) Baptized January 24,1734 Parish Church, Doveridge Derbyshire England 2nd son of Sir Henry Cavendish, 1st Baronet and his wife Anne Pyne. William migrated to Virginia from Ireland about 1756/1760. It has been suggested that William was raised in Ireland in order to enter Parliament as a knowledgeable representative. However, he may have developed an Irish sympathy deemed unacceptably strong, prompting his migration to the New World. It is believed that he held the principle of "freedom of religion" in high regard throughout his life. In America, he contributed as a lawyer; a landowner/farmer at Greenbriar; a Quarter-Master General during the Revolutionary war 1778-82; a founding board member of Washington College, Lexington, Virginia 1796; and an early American politician. He represented Greenbrier County in the Virginia House of Delegates 1790–1799 and 1802–1803, where he was affiliated with the Federalist Party.
# R. Preston Chew

Roger Preston Chew (April 9, 1843 – March 16, 1921) was a noted horse artillery commander in the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia during the American Civil War for General Turner Ashby. After the war, he was a prominent West Virginia businessman and railroad executive, as well as a West Virginia legislator.

## Early life

Chew was born into a prominent family in Loudoun County, Virginia. His father was Roger Chew and his mother the former Sarah Aldridge. The family moved to Charles Town, West Virginia (then Virginia) when Roger was three years old, and he attended the Charles Town Academy, and later the Virginia Military Institute. The Chew family owned The Hermitage, one of the oldest houses in western Virginia.

## American Civil War

With the outbreak of the Civil War, young Chew raised a battery of horse artillery, "Chew's Battery," which eventually became part of the famous Laurel Brigade under General Turner Ashby, the cavalry commander for Stonewall Jackson's command. He and his brother John A. Chew participated in all Jackson's campaigns until Jackson's death in May 1863. Chew also led raids into Union-occupied Middleway, West Virginia in February 1863, and Charles Town on May 12, 1863. Despite his youth, Roger Chew was promoted to the chief of the cavalry's guns under J.E.B. Stuart. He then served through the Gettysburg Campaign, the Wilderness, Spotsylvania Court House, Cold Harbor, the Siege of Petersburg, and the Appomattox Campaign.
After the war, Roger Chew and his brother Robert rebuilt the family farm. In 1871, Roger married Louise Fontaine Washington, daughter of the last owner of Mount Vernon at Blakeley, and the couple would eventually have 6 children. Her father John Augustine Washington had served on General Lee's staff until killed in action in late 1861. Louise Chew purchased Blakeley from her financially struggling uncle in 1875, and maintained it until its sale in 1892.
Roger Chew engaged in numerous business ventures, including as the president of the Eagle Manufacturing Company. From 1882 until 1888, he also served in the House of Delegates. In 1883, the Shenandoah Valley Railroad constructed what became known as Chew's Siding, a private spur that led from the main line to Chew's business. In 1890, Chew and several business partners formed the Charles Town Mining, Manufacturing, and Improvement Company and Chew became its first president.

## Death and legacy

Chew died in Charles Town in 1921 and is buried in the Zion Episcopal Church graveyard, as are his wife (who died in 1927) and brother (who died in 1898).
# William J. McCaffrey

William Joseph McCaffrey (October 9, 1914 – February 13, 2006) was a United States Army Lieutenant General and the father of retired General Barry McCaffrey.

## Early life and education

McCaffrey enlisted in the Army on 24 April 1934. He started at West Point in 1935, graduating as a Second Lieutenant in 1939.

## Military service
### World War II

McCaffrey graduated from the Command and General Staff School in 1943. He then served as chief of staff of the 92nd Infantry Division in Europe.

### Korean War

McCaffrey served as deputy chief of staff X Corps.
He assumed command of the 31st Infantry Regiment when its commander was killed in the Battle of Chosin Reservoir and led them in the retreat to Hungnam.
McCaffrey graduated from the United States Army War College in 1953. He later served as Commandant of the Army War College from 15 September 1967 to 6 July 1969.
He serves as assistant commandant of cadets at the U.S. Military Academy from 1953 to 1956 and then as commandant of cadets at The Citadel from 1959 to 1961.

### Vietnam War

He served as Deputy Commander United States Army Vietnam from 1970 to 1972.

## Later life

He retired from the Army in 1973.
McCaffrey died of heart disease on 13 February 2006. He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery on 21 February 2006.