OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eta Sculptoris

Eta Sculptoris, Latinized from η Sculptoris, is a single, variable star in the central part of the southern constellation of Sculptor. It is visible to the naked eye as a faint, red-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude that fluctuates around 4.81. The star is located approximately 460 light years from the Sun based on parallax, and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +12 km/s.
This object is an aging red giant star, currently on the asymptotic giant branch, with a stellar classification of M4III. With the supply of hydrogen at its core exhausted, the star has cooled and expanded. It now has 80 times the radius of the Sun. Eta Sculptoris is classified as a semiregular variable with a visual magnitude that fluctuates between +4.80 and +4.90, The pulsations have periods of 22.7, 23.5, 24.6, 47.3, 128.7 and 158.7 days. On average, this star is radiating over a thousand times the luminosity of the Sun from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 3,641 K.
# John Hardy (American politician)

John Hardy (September 19, 1835 – December 9, 1913) was an American lawyer and politician who served as a United States representative from New York, serving two terms from 1881 to 1885.

## Biography

Hardy was born in Scotland on September 19, 1835. He immigrated to the United States in 1839 with his parents, who settled in New York City. He attended the public schools and graduated from the College of the City of New York in 1853; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1861 and commenced practice in New York City.

### Political career

He was member of the New York State Assembly (New York Co., 11th D.) in 1861. He was member of the board of aldermen of New York City in 1863, 1864, and from 1867 to 1869; clerk of the common council in 1870 and 1871; chief clerk in the office of the mayor in 1877 and 1878.

### Congress

He was elected as a Democrat to the 47th United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Fernando Wood; reelected to the 48th United States Congress and served from December 5, 1881, until March 3, 1885; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1884.

### Later career and death

He resumed the practice of law in New York City and died there December 9, 1913; interment in Green-Wood Cemetery, Brooklyn, N.Y.
# Andrew Haydon (senator)

Andrew Haydon (June 28, 1867 – November 10, 1932) was a Canadian lawyer and senator.
Born in Pakenham, Ontario, the son of James Haydon, a British immigrant, and Eleanor Sadler, he received a Master of Arts degree in 1893 and a Bachelor of Law degree in 1895 from Queen's University. He graduated from Osgoode Hall Law School in 1897 and was soon after called to the Ontario Bar. He practiced law in Lanark, Ontario from 1897 to 1899 and then in Ottawa. He was Secretary of the 1919 National Liberal Convention and General Secretary of the National Liberal Organization Committee from 1920 to 1922. In 1924, he was appointed to the Senate of Canada representing the senatorial division of Ottawa, Ontario. He served until his death.
He was the author of Pioneer Sketches of The District of Bathurst (Lanark and Renfrew Counties, Ontario) (The Ryerson Press, 1925) and Mackenzie King and the Liberal Party (Allen, 1930).
In 1902, he married Euphemia Macdonald Scott from Stafford Springs, Connecticut. They had one son, Andrew Scott Haydon (1903–1968), and one daughter, Eleanor Haydon (1905–1914). His son Andrew was the father of Andrew S. Haydon, former Regional Chair of Ottawa–Carleton.
# Jianping Yao

Jianping Yao is currently a Distinguished University Professor and University Research Chair, and previously Director of the Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Electrical and Computer Engineering, at the University of Ottawa, and also an author of over 700 scientific papers. He was Editor-in-Chief of IEEE Photonics Technology Letters from 2017 to 2021. Dr. Yao is known for his original contributions to microwave photonics. He is a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, the Optical Society, the Canadian Academy of Engineering, and the Royal Society of Canada.
# Shishir Bhattacharja

Shishir Bhattacharja (born 4 August 1963) is a Bangladeshi linguist, writer, columnist, and a professor of the French language at the University of Dhaka. He is also the Director of the Institute of Modern Languages, University of Dhaka. An ardent advocate and promoter of the Bengali language, he has written extensively on the use of Bengali in Bangladesh. He translated works of Guillaume Apollinaire, Arthur Rimbaud, and Bernard-Henri Lévy into Bengali and poems of Jibanananda Das into French.

## Education and career

Born in Sitakunda, Chattogram, he completed Bachelor's and Master's in Indology and Linguistics at Université Sorbonne Nouvelle. He received his PhD from the University of Montreal, Canada. He did his post-doctorate at the Institute of State Language in University of Tokyo. In 1989, Bhattacharja joined Dhaka University where he is, at present, the Director of the Institute of Modern Languages. Accused of making hateful remarks against Islam and Muslims, as well as derogatory comments about victims of so called anti-discrimination movements, a group of Dhaka University students protested in front of the Vice-Chancellor's residence on December 12, demanding his dismissal.

## Selected works
### In Bengali

* Ishwar Dharma Bishwas (ঈশ্বর ধর্ম বিশ্বাস, God Religion Faith)
* Samaj Sangskriti Shilpakala (সমাজ সংস্কৃতি শিল্পকলা, Society Culture Arts)
* Bangla Byakaraner Ruparekha (বাংলা ব্যাকরণের রূপরেখা, Outline of Bengali Grammar)
* Bangla Bhasha: Prakrita Samasya o Peshadari Samadhan (বাংলা ভাষা: প্রকৃত সমস্যা ও পেশাদারি সমাধান, (Bengali Language: Real Problems and Professional Solutions)
* Ja Kichu Byakaran Nay (যা কিছু ব্যাকরণ নয়, whatever is not Grammar)
* Antaranga Byakaran (অন্তরঙ্গ ব্যাকরণ, Intimate Grammar)
* Uchit Shiksha (উচিৎ শিক্ষা, Proper Education)
* Bishwabidyalayer Itihas: Adiparba (বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের ইতিহাস: আদিপর্ব, History of University: The Early Period)
* Jatrapala Chandragupta kingba Khamatasastrer Sohoj Path (যাত্রাপালা চন্দ্রগুপ্ত কিংবা ক্ষমতা-শাস্ত্রের সহজপাঠ, (Jatra Performance: Chandragupta or A Beginner's Guide to the Politics of Power)

#### Translations

* Bangladesh Jakhan Swadhin Hacchila (বাংলাদেশ যখন স্বাধীন হচ্ছিল, When Bangladesh was getting liberated), a Bengali translation of Bernard-Henri Lévy's Bangla-Desh, Nationalisme dans la révolution (1973)
* Rimbaud: Nirbachita Kabita ebang Patrabali (র‍্যাঁবো: নির্বাচিত কবিতা ও পত্রাবলি, Selected Poems and Letters of Rimbaud)
* Apollinaire: Nirbachita Kabita (আপোলিন্যার: নির্বাচিত কবিতা, Selected Poems of Apollinaire)

### In English

* Word Formation in Bengali: A Whole Word Morphological Description and its Theoretical Implications

### In French

* Bhagwan et son monde orange (1991)
* La poésie contemporaine du Bangladesh (Co-author)
# List of speakers of the National Assembly of the Gambia

The speaker of the National Assembly of the Gambia is the presiding officer over proceedings in the National Assembly. In the official hierarchy the speaker ranks third following the president and vice president.

## List of speakers
### Legislative Council of the Gambia

| Name | Entered office | Left office | Notes |
| Hon. Sir John A. Mahoney | 1954 | 1962 | |

### House of Representatives of the Gambia

| Name | Entered office | Left office |
| Hon. Sir Alieu Sulayman Jack | 1962 | 1972 |
| Hon. Dr. S.H.O. Jones | 1972 | 1983 |
| Hon. Alhaji Momodou Baboucar Njie (BP) | 1983 | 1994 |

### National Assembly of the Gambia

| Name | Entered office | Left office |
| Hon. Mustapha B. Wadda | 1997 | 2001 |
| Hon. Sheriff Mustapha Dibba | 2002 | 2006 |
| Hon. Mrs. Belinda Bidwell | 2006 | 2007 |
| Hon. Fatoumata Jahumpa Ceesay | 2007 | 2009 |
| Hon. Elizabeth Renner | 2009 | 2010 |
| Hon. Abdoulie Bojang | 2010 | 2017 |
| Hon. Mariam Jack-Denton | 2017 | 2022 |
| Hon. Fabakary Jatta | 2022 | Incumbent |
# Vi Simpson

Vi Simpson (born March 18, 1946) is an American politician who is a former Democratic member of the Indiana Senate, representing the 40th District from 1984 to 2012. She was the Minority Leader of the Indiana Senate.
She was also the Democratic nominee for lieutenant governor, in the 2012 Indiana Gubernatorial Election, running with the former Speaker of the Indiana House of Representatives John R. Gregg. The Gregg/Simpson ticket lost in a narrow election to Mike Pence and Sue Ellspermann.

## Political career

Simpson was first elected to the office of Monroe County Auditor in 1981. In 1984, Simpson was elected to the Indiana Senate.

### Committee assignments

* Rules & Legislative Procedure (Ranking Minority Member)
* Health & Provider Services
** Provider Services Subcommittee
* Insurance & Financial Institutions
** Insurance Subcommittee
* Joint Rules
# St. Nicholas of Myra Cathedral, Lungro

The St. Nicholas of Myra Cathedral (Italian: Cattedrale di S. Nicola di Mira Albanian: Kryekisha e Shën Kollit) or Albanian Catholic Cathedral of Lungro also called Lungro Cathedral It is the main church of the Catholic Eparchy of Lungro, the Albanian seat for Calabria and continental Italy since 1919, which has jurisdiction over all the Albanian Catholic parishes of the South who practice the Byzantine Catholic rite.
It is located on the Via De Rada, in the middle part of the city center, overlooking the large square in an elevated position, where there is a bust dedicated to Skanderbeg.
The cathedral, built in the 18th century after the destruction of the previous structure, stands out for its size among all the other churches in the district.
# Melaleuca subulata

Melaleuca subulata is a plant in the myrtle family Myrtaceae, and is endemic to south eastern Australia. (Some Australian state herbaria continue to use the name Callistemon subulatus). It is a small, spreading shrub with hard bark, dense foliage, cylindrical leaves and spikes of dark crimson flowers in summer.

## Description

Melaleuca subulata is a shrub growing to 1–2 m (3–7 ft) high with hard, fibrous bark. Its leaves are arranged alternately and are 18–50 mm (0.7–2 in) long, 1–3.1 mm (0.04–0.1 in) wide, cylindrical or shaped like a bradawl.
The flowers are a deep crimson colour and are arranged in spikes at the end of, or around the branches which continue to grow after flowering. The spikes are 30–60 mm (1–2 in) in diameter and 40–80 mm (2–3 in) long with 20 to 80 individual flowers. The petals are 2.5–5.2 mm (0.1–0.2 in) long and fall off as the flower ages and there are 16-27 stamens in each flower. Flowering occurs from November to May and is followed by fruit which are woody capsules, 3–5.1 mm (0.1–0.2 in) long and 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) in diameter.

## Taxonomy and naming

Melaleuca subulata was first named in 2006 by Lyndley Craven in Novon when Callistemon subulatus was transferred to the present genus. Callistemon subulatus was first formally described by botanist Edwin Cheel in 1925 in Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales Series. The specific epithet (subulata) refers to the subulate shape of the leaves.
Callistemon subulatus is regarded as a synonym of Melaleuca subulata by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

## Distribution and habitat

This melaleuca occurs in and between the Heathcote and Mittagong districts in New South Wales and East Gippsland in Victoria. It grows in creek beds and on the banks of streams in forests.

## Use in horticulture

Melaleuca subulata is commonly cultivated because of it abundant, attractive flowers. It is hardy but benefits from the application of low-phosphorus fertiliser.
# Dead Man's Walk, Oxford

Dead Man's Walk (or Deadman's Walk) is a footpath running east–west in central Oxford, England, situated immediately to the south of Merton College and just outside the old city wall, with Corpus Christi College at the western end. To the north, Grove Walk connects with Merton Street through a gateway. Immediately to the south is Merton Field with Merton Walk connecting to the wide tree-lined Broad Walk, which runs parallel with Dead Man's Walk. Beyond that is Christ Church Meadow.

## History

The walkway itself appears to be the route of medieval Jewish funeral processions. A procession would begin at the synagogue (near to where Tom Tower now stands) and proceed towards the Jewish burial ground (now the site of the University of Oxford Botanic Garden).

## Historical markers

Near to the eastern end of the walkway is a plaque marking the first hot air balloon ascent by an "English Aeronaut", James Sadler (1753–1828). He ascended from Merton Field on 4 October 1784, landing nearby in Woodeaton.
There is a stone slab in the University of Oxford Botanical Garden with a history of the origin of the footpath. It reads:
   Beneath this garden lies a medieval cemetery.
   Around 1190 the Jews of Oxford purchased a water meadow outside the city walls to establish a burial ground. In 1231 that land, now occupied by Magdalen College, was appropriated by the Hospital of St John, and a small section of wasteland, where this memorial lies, was given to the Jews for a new cemetery.
   An ancient footpath linked this cemetery with the medieval Jewish quarter along Great Jewry Street, now St Aldates. For over 800 years this path has been called 'Deadman's Walk,' a name that bears silent witness to a community that contributed to the growth of this City and early University throughout the 12th and 13th centuries.
   In 1290 all the Jews were expelled from England by King Edward I. They were not permitted to return for over 350 years.
   May their memory be blessed
   יהא זכרונם לברכה

## Local legend

The walkway is the site of what has been described as one of the most well-known Civil War hauntings. The ghost of Francis Windebank, a Colonel executed by firing squad in 1645 against the length of town wall that borders Merton College, has been reportedly sighted here. The ghost is allegedly only seen from the knees up, due to the raising of the ground level. It has been suggested that reports of a haunting are to be expected here given the evocative name. However, it has been a long time since any new reported sightings have been made.
# Dale Foreman

Dale M. Foreman is an American politician, attorney, and farmer from Washington. Foreman is a former Republican Party member of Washington State House of Representatives. Foreman is the founder of Foreman Fruit and Land Company.

## Education

In 1975, Foreman earned a J.D. degree from Harvard Law School.

## Career

As a farmer, Foreman is a fruit grower in Washington. Foreman's company is Foreman Fruit and Land Company (formerly Keystone Ranch), which farms 2,000 acres of apples, pears and cherries. Foreman is a former chairman of the U.S. Apple Association.
Foreman served as majority leader of the Washington State House of Representatives and as chair of the Washington State Republican Party. A Republican, Foreman was an unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Washington in the 1996 election.

## Awards

* 2013 Apple Citizen of the Year. Presented at Washington State Apple Blossom Festival.

## Personal life

Foreman's wife is Gail Foreman.
# Dimitra Tserkezou

Dimitra Tserkezou (1920–2007) was a Greek sculptor.
Tserkezou was born in Istanbul to a Greek family who then moved to Athens, where she graduated from the National School of Fine Arts in 1946; she went also to Milan where she practiced metal moulding art from 1966 to 1971. Her first participation was at the 4th Panhellenic Exposition in 1952 and her two first individual expositions took place in 1953 at Thessaloniki (Chamber of Commerce and Industry & 18th International Fair of Thessaloniki). Since then, she developed an artistical activity participating at many salons and expositions in Piraeus, Athens, Milan, Rome, Turin, Paris, Strasbourg, Monaco, Deauville, Biaritz, Brussels, Düsseldorf, Quebec etc.
Forty of her statues decorate public places and gardens in Greece (Athens, Syros, Chios and many other towns) as well as many collections (as for instance in Zurich, in Vatican or Washington – White House).
Her art is neorealist and figurative in a simple, expressive and dynamic construction; her compositions are full of humanism (her subjects are mostly chosen in modern everyday life); she gives life to the hard materials of marble, bronze, cement and new metals.

## Awards

* Silver medal (& diploma) at the International Exposition "Quadriennale d'Europa", Rome 1966.
* Silver medal (& diploma) at the International Exposition "Città del Sole", Rome 1966.
* Silver medal (& diploma) at the Exposition Biennale d'Arte Contemporanea, Rome 1968.
* Gold medal (& diploma) by the Tommazo Campanella Academy, Rome 1972.
* Gold medal (& diploma) "Burckhardt Campidoglio d'Oro" by Bruckhardt Academy, Rome 1979.

## Memberships

* Associate member of the Société des Artistes Français
* member of the Association des Artistes Indépendants (Paris)
* council member of the "Επιμελητήριο Εικαστικών Τεχνών Ελλάδος" (Chamber of Plastic Arts of Greece – Athens)
* member of the Σύλλογος Ελλήνων Γλυπτών (Association of Greek Sculptors – Athens)
* honorary member of the International Academy Tommazo Campanella (Rome)
* member of Societá per le belle arti ed esposizione permanente

## Death

She died in 2007 in Athens, Greece.
# Saint Wenceslas Cathedral

Saint Wenceslas Cathedral (Czech: Katedrála svatého Václava) is a gothic cathedral at Wenceslas Square in Olomouc, in the Czech Republic, founded in 1107. The square was named after Saint Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia on the thousandth anniversary of his death in 935. The cathedral is also named after him.
The cathedral is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Olomouc.

## History

The cathedral began in the Romanesque style and was consecrated in 1131. Extensive Gothic modifications were made in 13th and 14th century.
Bohemian king Wenceslaus III of Bohemia was murdered in a nearby house of the former dean of the cathedral on 4 August 1306. Wenceslaus III was the last of the male Přemyslid rulers of Bohemia.
Gothic revival changes, which included refacing the building, rebuilding the west front and the construction of the central tower, were made during 1883–1892. These were designed by Gustav Meretta and R. Völkel.
The cathedral was restored in 2004–2007.

## Architecture

The cathedral is formed by three towers. The front two form the front, while the third one in the back, the southern tower, is with its 100.65 metres (330.2 ft) height the tallest church tower in Moravia, and the second tallest church tower in the Czech Republic.
# Channel 7 branded TV stations in the United States

The following television stations in the United States brand as channel 7 (though neither using virtual channel 7 nor broadcasting on physical RF channel 7):
* KNSD in San Diego, California
* KTGM in Tamuning, Guam
* WDAY-DT2 in Fargo, North Dakota
* WPTA-DT2 in Fort Wayne, Indiana
* WWMT-DT2 in Kalamazoo, Michigan
* WWSB in Sarasota, Florida
* WZVN-TV in Naples, Florida
* WSVN-TV in Miami, Florida
The following television stations in the United States formerly branded as channel 7:
# Episinus antipodianus

Episinus antipodianus is a species of Theridiidae spider endemic to New Zealand.

## Taxonomy

This species was described in 1880 by Octavius Pickard-Cambridge from female specimens.

## Description

The female is recorded at 4.87mm in length. The cephalothorax is dark yellow brown. The legs are yellow with dark bands. The abdomen is yellow brown and mottled with brown and black.

## Distribution

This species is only known from scattered localities throughout New Zealand.

## Conservation status

Under the New Zealand Threat Classification System, this species is listed as "Not Threatened".
# Robert F. Brattan

Robert Franklin Brattan (May 13, 1845 – May 10, 1894) was an American politician and lawyer. He served in the Maryland House of Delegates, Maryland Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives.

## Early life

Robert Franklin Brattan was born on May 13, 1845, in Barren Creek Springs in Somerset (now Wicomico) County, Maryland to Elizabeth (née Venables) and Joseph Brattan. His father was a merchant and agriculturist. His grandfather was Joshua Brattan, a state delegate from Somerset County. Brattan was named for his uncle, Franklin Brattan, a lawyer who practiced law with David Davis in Illinois. At the age of nineteen, during the American Civil War, Brattan was arrested on a charge of carrying a Southern spy near his home. His father was also arrested on charges of disloyalty.
Brattan attended schools in Somerset County. He graduated from Washington College of Chestertown, Maryland, in 1864. Brattan was appointed as deputy register of wills for Somerset County. He served in that role from September 1864 to March 1867. Brattan read law with the firm Jones & Irving, working with Isaac D. Jones and Levin Irving. He was admitted to the bar in July 1867. He continued with the firm Jones & Irving until January 1868.

## Career

In 1868, Brattan started a law practice with James U. Dennis.
Brattan's political career began as a member of the state convention of 1865 which sent delegates to a peace convention held in Philadelphia in the following year. He also served as a member of several State and congressional conventions and was elected to the Maryland House of Delegates in 1869, serving in the 1870 session. He was elected to the Maryland State Senate in 1873, serving the remainder of the term of George R. Dennis. He was re-elected for terms in 1879, 1887, and 1890. He served from 1874 to 1876, 1880 to 1884, and 1888 to 1892. In 1890, he served as President of the Maryland State Senate. In 1891, Brattan was considered for nomination as state comptroller at the Maryland Democratic Convention, but was unsuccessful.
After his tenure in the Senate, Brattan engaged in the practice of law in Princess Anne, and was elected late to the U.S. House of Representatives, representing Maryland's 1st District, in his life as a Democrat to the Fifty-third Congress. His tenure was just over a year in length until his death.

## Personal life

Brattan married Nellie Hooe Dennis, daughter of his law partner and state senator James U. Dennis and niece of George R. Dennis, in December 1884. They had three children: Cecilia, Nellie and Robert Franklin. His brother was J. Y. Brattan, a newspaper editor of the Baltimore Morning Herald.
Brattan died at his home in Princess Anne on May 10, 1894, from Bright's disease. He is interred in St. Andrew's Cemetery at St. Andrew's Episcopal Church in Princess Anne.
# Metridia pacifica

Metridia pacifica is a copepod found in the north Pacific and surrounding waters.

## Taxonomy

Metridia pacifica is most closely related to M. lucens; before being split by Brodsky based on morphological differences, these were considered to be the same species.

## Description

Metridia pacifica has a clear body with a whitish tint. In terms of length, females are range from about 2.4 to 3.5 millimetres (0.094 to 0.138 in), and males are usually between about 1.7 and 2.6 millimetres (0.067 and 0.102 in).

## Distribution

Metridia pacifica is found in the north Pacific and sub-Arctic waters. It can be found north as far as the southern Chukchi Sea. It is reported to be an expatriate in the Arctic Ocean.

## Ecology
### Life cycle and reproduction

Metridia pacifica has multiple broods. At Station P, for example, there are three cohorts: one in March, one in late June and July, and one in September to early October. The nauplii are generally found above depths of 500 metres (1,600 ft) (and mostly above 100 metres (330 ft), and their distribution in these surface waters varies seasonally. It is likely that this is influenced by temperature; in one study, over 85% of nauplii were found below the thermocline from 14 June until 22 September, when it is warmer at the surface.
Metridia pacifica has an average generation time of three to four months at Station P.