OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Muhammad Nawaz Khan Kakar

Muhammad Nawaz Khan Kakar is a Pakistani politician who had been a member of the Provincial Assembly of the Balochistan from August 2018 to August 2023.

## Political career

He was elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Balochistan as a candidate of Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal (MMA) from Constituency PB-22 (Killa Abdullah-II) in 2018 Pakistani general election. Following his successful election, he was nominated by the opposition parties as their joint candidate for the office of Speaker of the Provincial Assembly of Balochistan. On 16 August 2018, he received 20 votes and lost the seat to Abdul Quddus Bizenjo who secured 39 votes.
# The Ultimate Group

TUG Entertainment (acronym for The Ultimate Group) was a record label and management agency founded by filmmaker record executive Chris Stokes in 1997. It operated as an imprint of Interscope, Geffen and A&M Records (subsidiaries of Universal Music Group) for many of its releases, while later releases were distributed by Epic Records (subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment). Based in Los Angeles, the label signed commercially successful acts including B2K, Omarion, Marques Houston, Mila J, Jhené Aiko, and NLT before its closing c. 2010. Stokes also produced films through the company, namely You Got Served (2004) and Somebody Help Me (2007)—a horror film which includes in its cast Omarion and Houston.

## Artists
### Former artists

* B2K - 4 Member Boy Band
* TG4 - 4 Member Girl Band
* Marques Houston - Solo Male Singer
* Young Rome - Solo Male rapper
* Omarion - Solo Male Singer
* O'Ryan - Solo Male Singer
* Ashley Rose - Solo Female Singer
* N2U - 4 Member Boy Band
* Willie "Simon Phenix" Hill- Songwriter, Producer, Vocal Arranger
* Jane 3 - 3 Member Girl Band
* 2 Much - 4 Member Boy Band
* Emmalyn Estrada - Solo Female Singer
* IMx - 3 Member Boy Band
* Monteco - Solo Male Singer
* Quindon Tarver - Solo Male Singer
* Gyrl - 3 Member Girl Band
* Dame - 4 Member Girl Band
* Jhené Aiko - Solo Female Singer
* Mila J - Solo Female Singer
* Juanita Stokes - Solo Female rapper/singer
* Timothy Hodge - Solo Male Singer
* NLT - 4 Member Boy Band

## Films

* House Party 4: Down to the Last Minute (2001)
* You Got Served (2004)
* Somebody Help Me (2007)
* Somebody Help Me 2 (2010)
# Glomel andalusite mine

The Glomel andalusite mine is a French mining site in Guerphalès in the commune of Glomel (Côtes-d'Armor, Brittany). The mineral extracted, andalusite, has been extracted there since 1970 and is mainly used for the manufacture of refractory materials due to its resistance to high temperatures. The mine operator, Imerys, extracts 65,000 tonnes of andalusite each year, representing 20 to 25% of global production.

## Operation

The Guerphalès deposit has the highest andalusite content in the world and its exploitation employs 110 people.
Andalusite is extracted in the open pit, mainly from the third pit, using explosive blasts. The extracted blocks are transported to the plant where they are crushed and screened. The andalusite is then separated from other minerals by magnetic and electrostatic processes. After purification, the mineral is crushed into powder or granules to be used in the manufacture of refractory materials. The water used in the extraction is recycled in a closed circuit and treated before being discharged.
Overall, 1.2 million tonnes of ore are extracted each year, representing 65,000 tonnes of refined product (20 to 25% of world production).

## History

The first pit opened in 1970 at the same time as the Damrec factory (Donain Anzin minerals refractory and ceramics). The second opened in 1986.
In 1998, the first pit closed and pit 3 opened.
In 2021, Imerys filed an environmental authorization application with the aim of opening a fourth pit. A public inquiry was held from 10/30 to 15 December 2023, at the end of which the commissioner issued a favorable opinion "based on the study of the file, the observations of the public, the opinions given by the authorities concerned and by the State services, as well as the visits to the sites concerned" but requested "that all of the commitments made by Imerys be transcribed as requirements in the new operating authorization".
In 2024, the extension of the Andalusite mine was validated by the Côtes-d'Armor prefecture, but it aroused opposition. While the mayor and many residents supported the project for its economic benefits and the preservation of jobs, environmental defenders, concerned about the risks of pollution, filed a legal appeal.
# Patricia Chauvet

Patricia Chauvet (born 11 May 1967 in Villeneuve-Saint-Georges, Val-de-Marne) is a retired French alpine skier. She competed at four Winter Olympics.

## World Cup victories

| Date | Location | Race |
| 24 January 1993 | Haus | Slalom |
# NGC 4618

NGC 4618 is a distorted barred dwarf galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici. The galaxy is formally classified as a Sm galaxy, which means that its structure vaguely resembles the structure of spiral galaxies. The galaxy is sometimes referred to as a Magellanic spiral because of its resemblance to the Magellanic clouds.
One supernova has been observed in NGC 4618: SN 1985F (type Ib) was discovered by Alex Filippenko and Wallace L. W. Sargent on 28 February 1985.

## Structure

Unlike most spiral galaxies, NGC 4618 has a single spiral arm, which gives the galaxy an asymmetric appearance. This galaxy was included in the Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies as one of three examples of nearby galaxies with single spiral arms. Although NGC 4618 is labeled as peculiar, many similar galaxies have been identified.
It has been hypothesized that this galaxy's asymmetric structure may be the result of a gravitational interaction with NGC 4625. Such asymmetric structure is commonly seen among many interacting galaxies. However, observations of neutral hydrogen gas in NGC 4618 and NGC 4625 imply that only some of the gas outside the optical disks of NGC 4618 is affected by the gravitational interaction. This may indicate that NGC 4618's one-arm shape forms as the result of processes that are intrinsic to the galaxy itself.

## Environment

As mentioned above, NGC 4618 is interacting with NGC 4625.
# Scéla Cano meic Gartnáin

The Scéla Cano meic Gartnáin (English:The Story of Cano mac Gartnáin) is an Old Irish prose tale of the ninth century or later. It forms part of the Cycles of the Kings.
It deals with the exile and return of Cano mac Gartnáin in sixth century Scotland. The tale involves historical figures such as Cano himself; Gartnán or Gartnait his father; Áedán mac Gabráin, the king of Dal Riada; Diarmait and Blathmac, sons of Áed Sláine; Guaire Aidne of the Uí Fiachrach, the king of Connacht and father of Cano's true love Créd.
The Irish annals contain a number of entries which may suggest that there is a kernel of truth behind the literary invention in the surviving tale, although Cano Garb mac Gartnáin, Guaire Aidne and the sons of Áed Sláine flourished more than half a century after Áedán mac Gabráin.

## Manuscript sources

* Yellow Book of Lecan (YBL), pp. 128a-132b.
* B IV 2 (RIA, Dublin), written by Michael O'Clery in 1627/8: poem of lines 450–497.
# Dhu Yazan

The Dhu Yazan (Arabic: ذي يزن), also known as Al-Yazanin, were a prominent Arab tribal clan and elite ruling family of Yemen that were affiliated with the Sabaean Kingdom and later on, the Himyarite Kingdom. They were ultimately deprived from their elite status and ruling by the Sasanian Empire, which controlled Yemen from 570 CE until 678 CE. The Arabian genealogists and historians trace their lineage to a man named 'Amir ibn Aslam who was given the title Dhu Yazan and was a contemporary of the Himyarite ruler Abu Karib, although the Dhu Yazan clan has existed way back during the time of Dhamar Ali Yahbur.

## History

The Dhu Yazan clan aided the Sabaeans against the Kingdom of Hadhramaut in the late 3rd century. As a revenge attack, several Hadhramite rebels bombarded the city of 'Abadan, which was where the Dhu Yazan clan lived. Later in the 4th century, they formed a military force which served under the king Tharan Yuha'nim. The king's son, Malikikarib Yuha'min, married a woman from the Dhu Yazan clan. Members of the clan also raided a city at Al Mahrah in the year 515.
Dhu Yazan were prominent allies of Dhu Nuwas, helping him in his persecution of Christians in Najran and the war against the Aksumite Empire. Later, a portion of the Yazanites which included Sumyafa' Ashwa were ordered to fortify the fortress at Hisn al-Ghurab by Dhu Nuwas. After the Aksumites had invaded Himyar, Sumyafa' Ashwa and the Yazanites under him came out from hiding and made peace with the king Kaleb. The latter would hire Sumyafa' Ashwa as his viceroy and the vassal ruler of Himyar.
In 570 CE, the Yazanite prince Ma'adi Yakrib ibn Abi Murrah requested help from the Sasanian Empire to end the Aksumite rule over Yemen. The Sasanians agreed, and the Aksumite ruler Masruq ibn Abraha was defeated and then killed in battle, afterwards Ma'adi Yakrib was made the vassal ruler of Himyar for the Sasanian Empire. But Ma'adi Yakrib was assassinated by his own servants, afterwards the Sasanian Empire sent a Persian governor to rule Yemen. The Dhu Yazan family was completely deprived from ruling.

## Religion

As early as the late 4th century, the Dhu Yazan family supposedly converted to Judaism.

## Notable members

* Sharah'il Yaqbul-Yaz'an, Himyarite military general who served Dhu Nuwas
* Sumyafa' Ashwa, Yemeni convert to Christianity and temporary king of Himyar under the Aksumite Empire
* Ma'adi Yakrib ibn Abi Murrah, Himyarite prince and later on the last king of Himyar, serving as a vassal under the Sasanian Empire
# Macromonomer

   Macromonomer molecule: A macromolecule that has one end-group which enables it to act as a monomer molecule, contributing only a single monomeric unit to a chain of the final macromolecule.
In polymer chemistry, a macromonomer (or macromer) is a macromolecule with one end-group that enables it to act as a reactive monomer and undergo further polymerization. Macromonomers will contribute a single repeat unit to a chain of the completed macromolecule.
Several macromonomers have been successfully synthesized utilizing various methods such as controlled radical polymerization (CRP) and copper-catalyzed "click" coupling.
Due to the larger size of macromonomers (as opposed to the size of regular monomers), synthetic challenges are brought about, giving reason for the analysis of polymerization mechanisms. Recent studies have shown that macromonomer polymerization kinetics and mechanisms can be significantly affected by the topological effect.
Macromonomers are also used in controlled graft copolymerization.
# Metuchen School District

The Metuchen School District is a comprehensive community public school district that serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade from Metuchen, in Middlesex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.
As of the 2019–20 school year, the district, comprising four schools, had an enrollment of 2,300 students and 182.2 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.6:1.
The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "I", the second-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.

## Awards and recognition

In 2022, the United States Department of Education announced that Edgar Middle School was named as a National Blue Ribbon School, along with eight other schools in the state and 297 schools nationwide.
The NAMM Foundation named the district in its 2008 survey of the "Best Communities for Music Education", which included 110 school districts nationwide. The district was also included in NAMM's 2009 survey of the "Best Communities for Music Education", which included 124 school districts nationwide.

## Schools

Schools in the district (with 2019–20 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are:

### Kindergarten

* Mildred B. Moss Elementary School with 122 students in Pre-kindergarten and kindergarten
** Richard Cohen, principal

### Elementary school

* Campbell Elementary School with 702 students in grades 1-4
** Vincent Constanza, principal

### Middle school

* Edgar Middle School with 722 students in grades 5-8
** Suzy Azevedo, principal

### High school

* Metuchen High School with 729 students in grades 9-12
** Edward Porowski, principal

## Administration

Core members of the district's administration are:
* Vincent Caputo, superintendent
* Michael A. Harvier, business administrator and board secretary

## Board of education

The district's board of education is composed of nine members who set policy and oversee the fiscal and educational operation of the district through its administration. As a Type II school district, the board's trustees are elected directly by voters to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with three seats up for election each year held (since 2014) as part of the November general election. The board appoints a superintendent to oversee the district's day-to-day operations and a business administrator to supervise the business functions of the district.
# Søren Frederiksen

Søren Frederiksen may refer to:
* Søren Frederiksen (footballer, born 1972), Danish football forward
* Søren Frederiksen (footballer, born 1989), Danish football winger
# Spend the Night (The Donnas album)

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 74/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Alternative Press | |
| Blender | |
| Entertainment Weekly | B |
| Los Angeles Times | |
| Pitchfork | 2.9/10 |
| Q | |
| Rolling Stone | |
| Uncut | |
| The Village Voice | A− |
Spend the Night is the fifth studio album and major label debut by the American hard rock band the Donnas, released in 2002 on Atlantic Records. It was the band's first charting record on the Billboard 200, peaking at number 62, and features their most successful single, "Take It Off", which peaked at No. 17 on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart and the top 40 of the UK Singles Chart.
In November 2016, Cherry Red Records re-released the album to feature six bonus tracks, which consists of B-sides and songs from previous albums.
As of 2005, it has sold 450,000 units in United States according to Nielsen SoundScan.

## Track listing

All songs by Brett Anderson, Torry Castellano, Maya Ford and Allison Robertson.

## Personnel

The Donnas
* Brett Anderson – lead vocals
* Allison Robertson – guitars, backing vocals
* Maya Ford – bass
* Torry Castellano – drums, percussion, backing vocals
Additional personnel
* The Hellacopters – backing vocals

## Production

* Producer: Jason Carmer, Robert Shimp (Record)
* Producer: David Anthony, Gloria Gabriel (DVD)
* Engineers: Sean Beresford, Jason Carmer, Dime Assistant, Clint Roth, Robert Shimp
* Assistant engineers: Jesse Nichols, Michael Rosen
* Mixing: Chris Lord-Alge
* Mastering: Emily Lazar
* Assistant mastering engineer: Sarah Register
* Audio supervisor: Scott Smith
* A&R: Nick Casinelli, Mary Gormley
* Drum technician: Paul Revelli
* Art direction: Christina Dittmar
* Cover art concept: The Donnas
* Artwork: Stephen Stickler
* Photography: Stephen Stickler
* Cover photo: Stephen Stickler
* Direction: Popglory Art
* Camera operators: The Donnas, Tim Baker, Jackie Kelso
* Animation: Chris Becker
* Interviewer: Andy Dick
* Interviewee: The Donnas
* Model: Davy Newkirk

## Charts

| Chart (2003) | Peak position |
| Australian Albums (ARIA Charts) | 68 |
| Billboard 200 | 62 |

## In popular culture

* The song "Take It Off" has been featured in the films Dodgeball: A True Underdog Story, The Hangover, and Guitar Hero (as a cover version by Wave Group Sound), and as a part of a 3-song downloadable pack via Xbox Live for the Xbox 360 version of Guitar Hero II. It appeared one more time in Guitar Hero Smash Hits. It was also featured in the Birds of Prey episode, "Gladiatrix". It was later released as DLC for Rock Band.
* "Who Invited You" was featured in EA Sports' MVP Baseball 2003, Splashdown: Rides Gone Wild, and True Crime: Streets of LA.
# Sexual Orientation Non-Discrimination Act

The Sexual Orientation Non-Discrimination Act (SONDA) is a New York law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of actual or perceived sexual orientation in employment, housing, public accommodations, education, credit, and the exercise of civil rights. Passed in 2002, SONDA added the term "sexual orientation" to the list of specifically protected characteristics in various state laws, including the Human Rights Law, the Civil Rights Law, and the Education Law.

## History

SONDA was first introduced in the New York State Assembly on February 16, 1971, by Assemblymember Al Blumenthal (D-Manhattan) and in the New York State Senate by Senator Manfred Ohrenstein (D-Manhattan), only to be defeated. The bill was reintroduced in the Assembly in 1983 but was again defeated by a narrow margin.
In 1990, Deborah Glick (D-Manhattan) became the first openly gay member of the Assembly. Glick made SONDA a top priority of her campaign. The legislation was first passed by the Assembly on February 1, 1993, by a vote of 90–50, with 81 Democrats and nine Republicans favoring the bill and 14 Democrats and 36 Republicans opposing it. It was stalled repeatedly in the Senate for the rest of the decade.
On January 28, 2002, the Assembly passed SONDA by a vote of 113–27. On December 17, 2002, the Senate passed the legislation by a vote of 34 to 26; it was signed into law by Governor George Pataki the same day. SONDA went into effect on January 16, 2003.

## Provisions of the law

SONDA prohibits discrimination on the basis of actual or perceived sexual orientation in employment; admission to and use of places of public accommodation, resort, or amusement; admission to and use of educational institutions; publicly assisted housing; private housing accommodations and commercial space; and credit. SONDA also prohibits discrimination and/or harassment on the basis of actual or perceived sexual orientation in the exercise of an individual's civil rights. Institutions that are "religious or denominational", together with organizations "operated for charitable or educational purposes", are exempted from the provisions of SONDA. SONDA indirectly applies when a transgender person is discriminated against based on that person's actual or perceived sexual orientation.
In 2019, New York enacted the Gender Expression Non-Discrimination Act (GENDA), which added "gender identity" and "gender expression" as protected categories under New York's Human Rights Law.
Since November 2024, sexual orientation and gender identity was explicitly added to the New York State Constitution by 62.5% approval of New York State voters at the election.
# Judah ben Yakar

Judah ben Yakar (d. between 1201 and 1218) was a rabbi and talmudist.
Born in Provence, he later studied under Isaac ben Abraham of Dampierre in northern France. Surviving documents place him in Barcelona in 1175, and establish that he died between 1201 and 1218.
He was the teacher of Nahmanides (Ramban), and through him Nahmanides learned the scholarship of the Tosafists. He is quoted frequently in the works of Nahmanides, and occasionally in those of Shlomo ibn Aderet (Rashba), Yom Tov Asevilli (Ritva), and others. He was known as "a great storehouse of the two Talmuds". He wrote a commentary on the Jerusalem Talmud - apparently the first such commentary - which is no longer extant. According to some, he also wrote a commentary to the Babylonian Talmud, but this too is lost. He wrote a commentary on the prayer liturgy, known as Maayan Ganim, which was often quoted by later rishonim, particularly David Abudirham.
According to Gershon Scholem and Moshe Idel he was one of the earliest kabbalists, but Haviva Pedaya disagreed.
| ר"י הבחור | ר"י הבחור | ר"י הבחור | ר"י הבחור | ר"י הבחור | ר"י הבחור | | | רבי יצחק סגי נהור | רבי יצחק סגי נהור | רבי יצחק סגי נהור | רבי יצחק סגי נהור | רבי יצחק סגי נהור | רבי יצחק סגי נהור |
| | | | | יהודה בר יקר | יהודה בר יקר | יהודה בר יקר | יהודה בר יקר | יהודה בר יקר | יהודה בר יקר | | | | |
| | | | | רמב״ן | רמב״ן | רמב״ן | רמב״ן | רמב״ן | רמב״ן | | | | |
# Falipamil

Falipamil is a calcium channel blocker.

## Research

Falipamil is a bradycardic drug focused on decreasing the heart rate of animals. The drug focuses on treating sinuses in some animals, with the most common experiments being conducted in dogs. Falipamil is commonly administered to reduce sinus, and different dosage administrations have proven to bear different results When given in small doses, the drug is effective in reducing sinus rate, but when given in high doses, the drug increases the sinus rate as the drug increases the atrial pumping rate, thus increasing the amount of body fluid pumped through the body to the face. When falipamil is administered, the drug decreases the ventricular rate of the heart, which in turn helps reduce the sinus rate in an organism.
Falipamil has different effects on the electrophysiological structure of the heart, where different dosages result in different heart activity rates with diverse vagolytic actions. Recent studies have been carried out on dogs to determine the effectiveness of the drug in treating sinuses. When administered to a conscious dog, the sinus heart rate of the dog increases, whereas when administered to a stale dog, the animal experiences a lessened heart rate. The electrophysiological result of administering falipamil shows that the drug decreases the maximal atrial driving frequency when administered to a conscious dog, which is an effective measure in reducing sinus in a living organism. Falipamil administration also shows that the administration of the drug increases the body's action potential exerting less bradycardic effects that are effective in reducing sinuses. Fallipamil does have different recovery times when administered to dogs involved in different activities. Intact dogs are likely to have short sinus recovery time-conscious dogs. Falipamil has a positive effect on the heart's refractory period, where the drug prolongs the atrial refractory period.