OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Silhouette edge

In computer graphics, a silhouette edge on a 3D body projected onto a 2D plane (display plane) is the collection of points whose outwards surface normal is perpendicular to the view vector. Due to discontinuities in the surface normal, a silhouette edge is also an edge which separates a front facing face from a back facing face. Without loss of generality, this edge is usually chosen to be the closest one on a face, so that in parallel view this edge corresponds to the same one in a perspective view. Hence, if there is an edge between a front facing face and a side facing face, and another edge between a side facing face and back facing face, the closer one is chosen. The easy example is looking at a cube in the direction where the face normal is collinear with the view vector.
The first type of silhouette edge is sometimes troublesome to handle because it does not necessarily correspond to a physical edge in the CAD model. The reason that this can be an issue is that a programmer might corrupt the original model by introducing the new silhouette edge into the problem. Also, given that the edge strongly depends upon the orientation of the model and view vector, this can introduce numerical instabilities into the algorithm (such as when a trick like dilution of precision is considered).

## Computation

To determine the silhouette edge of an object, we first have to know the plane equation of all faces. Then, by examining the sign of the point-plane distance from the light-source to each face
    $ax+by+cz+d={\begin{cases}>0&{\text{front facing}}\\=0&{\text{parallel}}\\<0&{\text{back facing}}\end{cases}}$
Using this result, we can determine if the face is front- or back facing.
The silhouette edge(s) consist of all edges separating a front facing face from a back facing face.

## Similar Technique

A convenient and practical implementation of front/back facing detection is to use the unit normal of the plane (which is commonly precomputed for lighting effects anyway), then simply applying the dot product of the light position to the plane's unit normal and adding the D component of the plane equation (a scalar value):
    ${\textbf {normal}}\cdot ({\textbf {lightposition}})+{\text{plane}}_{D}=\langle a,b,c,d\rangle \cdot \langle L_{x},L_{y},L_{z},L_{w}\rangle +{\text{plane}}_{D}$
    $aL_{x}+bL_{y}+cL_{z}+dL_{w}+{\text{plane}}_{D}={\text{indicator}}$
Where plane_D is easily calculated as a point on the plane dot product with the unit normal of the plane:
    ${\text{plane}}_{D}={\text{PointOnPlane}}\cdot ({\textbf {normal}})$
Note: The homogeneous coordinates, L_w and d, are not always needed for this computation.
After doing this calculation, you may notice indicator is actually the signed distance from the plane to the light position. This distance indicator will be negative if it is behind the face, and positive if it is in front of the face.
    ${\text{indicator}}={\begin{cases}>0&{\text{front-facing}}\\=0&{\text{parallel}}\\<0&{\text{back-facing}}\end{cases}}$
This is also the technique used in the 2002 SIGGRAPH paper, "Practical and Robust Stenciled Shadow Volumes for Hardware-Accelerated Rendering"
# Chunzeh-ye Sofla

Chunzeh-ye Sofla (Persian: چونزه سفلي, also Romanized as Chūnzeh-ye Soflá; also known as Chūnzeh-ye Pā’īn) is a village in Ojarud-e Gharbi Rural District, in the Central District of Germi County, Ardabil province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 46, in 10 families.
# Dakamavand-e Olya

Dakamavand-e Olya (Persian: دكاموندعليا, also Romanized as Dakāmavand-e 'Olyā; also known as Dakāmavand) is a village in Yusefvand Rural District, in the Central District of Selseleh County, Lorestan province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 778, in 158 families.
# Allen Trimble

Allen Trimble (November 24, 1783 – February 3, 1870) was a Federalist and National Republican politician from Ohio. He served as the eighth and tenth governor of Ohio, first concurrently as Senate Speaker, later elected twice in his own right.

## Biography

Governor Trimble was born Hugh Allen Trimble in Augusta County, Virginia to James Trimble, Revolutionary War veteran, and Jane Allen Trimble. He was of Ulster Scots ancestry. In October 1784, his father moved his family to a veterans land grant in then Fayette County, Kentucky. In October 1804, James Trimble died leaving Allen head of the family. Allen Trimble moved them to a homestead he and his father had established outside of Hillsboro, Ohio.

## Career

Trimble was a clerk of the Common Pleas Court in 1808. He also served as recorder of deeds in 1808.
After briefly serving during the War of 1812, Trimble served in the Ohio House of Representatives from 1816 to 1817 and then in the Ohio State Senate from 1818 to 1826. Trimble became Speaker of the Senate, and it was in this capacity that he became governor from January to December 1822 when Governor Ethan Allen Brown resigned to take a seat in the United States Senate.
Trimble ran an election for a full term in 1822, but narrowly lost. He challenged Jeremiah Morrow again in 1824, narrowing the distance between the two, but still losing. He won a landslide election in 1826, however, as a National Republican and then won a second full term in 1828. Trimble did not seek re-election in 1830.
He then retired to farming, taking little part in politics for the next quarter-century, but did consent to accepting the nomination of the Know-Nothings for governor in 1855. Trimble came in third, losing to Republican US Senator Salmon Chase and incumbent Democrat William Medill. In 1860 he was a delegate to the Constitutional Union Party convention in Baltimore.

## Death

Trimble died at his family farm in Ohio, and was buried in Hillsboro Cemetery in Hillsboro, Ohio.

## Legacy

Trimble, Ohio, a village in Athens County, Ohio, is named in Trimble's honor. Court Street, a street in Hillsboro, Ohio, on the north side of the Highland County Courthouse, was renamed "Governor Trimble Place" in 1974.
Trimble's daughter, Eliza, helped to initiate the temperance movement in the United States.
Trimble is an ancestor of astronomer Virginia Louise Trimble
# Lucila Rubio de Laverde

Lucila Rubio de Laverde (1908-1970) was a Colombian socialist and one of the leading suffragettes in her country. She was also a teacher and the first woman to present a demand for the vote to the President of Colombia.

## Biography

Rubio was born in Facatativá, Colombia. She began her activism as early as the 1930s, when she fought for the economic rights of women. She pushed for legislation granting pre-nuptial agreements, was a proponent of co-habitation and she spoke against the Church's treatment of women.
By the 1940s, Rubio had become one of the leaders of Colombia's women's rights movement and a most important suffragette. She was one of the founders of The Unión Femenina de Colombia (Women's Union of Colombia) (UFC), created in Bogota in 1944. The UFC was one of the most important women's organizations during this time. It spread to other cities and promoted voting rights, literacy of women, and rights of citizens. Rubio de Laverde served as president of the organization and was also president of the Alianza Femenina de Colombia (Women's Alliance of Colombia), founded the same year. In 1944, the UFC collected more than 500 signatures pressing for the vote and Rubio de Laverde presented them to President Alfonso López Pumarejo, demanding women's right to vote.
She wrote for Agitación Femenina from 1944-1946. Rubio de Laverde wrote about social problems in Colombia from a feminist perspective, collaborating in newspapers and magazines such as Pax et Libertas, Verdad and Dominical. She founded the College Froevel, which operated for eight years, and gave lectures at the School of Social Service, the Women's Institute of the Free University and the Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca.
In Colombia, she attended both the 1945 suffrage conference and the 1946 conference where she warned that women should not limit themselves to their homes but should be fully participating citizens. She also attended the Primer Congreso Interamericano de Mujeres held in Guatemala City, Guatemala in 1947 and presided over the final session where the resolutions were drafted. She attended the Second Congress of Women of the Americas, and attended the International Council of Women's 1960 meeting in Warsaw. In 1962, she attended the 15th Congress of the League of Peace and Freedom held in San Francisco and participated in the debates on nuclear testing. In 1963, Rubio attended the pilgrimage Women for Peace in Rome and Geneva.
Rubio married Eduardo Laverde, a "man of letters".
# Bakur, Iran

Bakur (Persian: بكور, also Romanized as Bakūr; also known as Bakr) is a village in Kamaraj Rural District, Kamaraj and Konartakhteh District, Kazerun County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 113, in 23 families.
# Diethylbenzenes

Diethylbenzene (DEB) refers to any of three isomers with the formula C$_6$H$_4$(C$_2$H$_5$)$_2$. Each consists of a benzene ring and two ethyl substituents. The meta and para have the greater commercial significance. All are colorless liquids.

## Nomenclature

* Ortho: known as 1,2-diethylbenzene and o-diethylbenzene.
* Meta: known as 1,3-diethylbenzene and m-diethylbenzene.
* Para: known as 1,4-diethylbenzene and p-diethylbenzene.

## Production and applications

Diethylbenzenes arise as side-products of the alkylation of benzene with ethylene, which can be described as two steps. The first step is the industrial route to ethylbenzene, which is produced on a large scale as a precursor to styrene.
    C$_6$H$_6$ + C$_2$H$_4$ → C$_6$H$_5$C$_2$H$_5$
The diethylbenzene is an inadvertent side product.
    C$_6$H$_5$C$_2$H$_5$ + C$_2$H$_4$ → C$_6$H$_4$(C$_2$H$_5$)$_2$
Using shape-selective zeolite catalysts, the para isomer can be produced in high selectivity.
Much diethylbenzene is recycled by transalkylation to give ethylbenzene:
    C$_6$H$_4$(C$_2$H$_5$)$_2$ + C$_6$H$_6$ → 2 C$_6$H$_5$C$_2$H$_5$

## Uses

Diethylbenzene is used in a mixture with methyl and/or ethyl biphenyls as a low temperature heat transfer fluid.
Diethylbenzene is dehydrogenated to give divinylbenzene (DVB):
    C$_6$H$_4$(C$_2$H$_5$)$_2$ → C$_6$H$_4$(C$_2$H$_3$)$_2$ + 2 H$_2$
DVB is used in the production of crosslinked polystyrene.
# Bambi Hall

Samantha Hall (born July 14, 1992), better known by her ring name Bambi Hall, is a Canadian female professional wrestler who works on the American and Canadian independent circuit. She is best known for her time in All-Star Wrestling based in British Columbia. She is a former 4-time ASW Women's Champion. She won Female Wrestler in 2016 as well as Most Popular Wrestler in 2016 and 2017. She also teams with her sister Lizza Hall; they were 3-2-1 Battle! Tag Team Champions in 2018. Her signature move is called the 'swinging neck breaker'.

## Career
### All-Star Wrestling

On April 11, 2014; she defeated Riea Von Slasher and KC Spinelli in a Triple Threat match to become the first All-Star Wrestling Women's Champion.

### Other promotions

Hall competed in the first ever women's ladder match in 2015 against Riea Von Slasher. Hall was also Pro Wrestling Illustrated's 2012 rookie of the year third runner up, and is also the first Canadian woman independent wrestler to do so. As well as those accomplishments PWI also ranked her #46 in the 2013 PWI Top 50 Females.

## Personal life

Hall is a second generation wrestler, as she is the daughter of professional wrestler Raven Lake, and comes from a wrestling family, as her younger sister Liiza Hall is also a professional wrestler. Hall cited Beth Phoenix as one of her favorite wrestlers growing up. Hall claims that her favorite match that she has competed in was against Sarah Stock for the Beauty Slammers Women's Wrestling Championship. Her favorite sport is Volleyball, her favorite band is Maroon 5, and her hobbies are art and drawing. As a teenager she was an avid painter studying at Emily Carr Art Institute, specializing in both oil and acrylic on canvas.

## Championships and accomplishments

* 3-2-1 Battle!
** 3-2-1 Battle! Solid Steel Championship (1 time)
** 3-2-1 Battle! Tag Team Championship (2 time) - with Liiza Hall
** 3-2-1 Battle! "Rebel Girls" Tournament Winner (2018)
* All Star Wrestling (British Columbia)
** ASW Women's Championship (4 times)
** Female Wrestler of the Year (2016)
** Most Popular Wrestler of the Year (2016, 2017)
* Beauty Slammers Wrestling
** The Beauty Slammers Championship (1 time)
* Big West Wrestling
** Women's Wrestler of the Year (2016)
* Canadian National Wrestling Alliance
** CNWA Women's Championship (1 time)
** Rookie of the Year (2012)
* Elite Canadian Championship Wrestling
** ECCW Women's Championship (1 time)
* Pro Wrestling Illustrated
** PWI ranked her #46 of the 50 best females wrestlers of the year in the PWI 50 Females in 2013
* Thrash Wrestling
** Most Improved (2016)
** Thrash Wrestling Okanagan/Interior Championship (1 time, current)
* Wild Okanagan Wrestling
** Female Wrestler of the Year (2016)
** Most Improved (2016)
# Ian Jones (rugby union, born 1967)

Ian Donald Jones MNZM (born 17 April 1967) is a former New Zealand rugby union player. He played 79 tests for the All Blacks. He is one of New Zealand's most capped locks and formed one of the most famous lock pairings in international rugby, often partnered with Robin Brooke in the All Blacks from 1992 to 1998. What Jones lacked in size he more than made up for in skill, Jones was picked over physically intimidating locks such as Mark Cooksley who was the tallest All Black ever. Jones made his All Black debut Saturday, 16 June 1990 v Scotland at Dunedin. At the time he was 23 years, 60 days old.
Jones had an impressive start with a try on debut. Coincidentally six years later Jones played his 50th test, again at Carisbrook and again with Scotland the opponent. He scored at virtually the same exact spot in the stadium as he did six years before. Throughout his impressive career Jones was renowned for his ability in line-outs.
In the Super 12 Jones made 38 appearances, often as captain, for the Chiefs between 1996 and 1999. He once scored three tries in a match, against the Waratahs in 1996. In 1998 he was handed a lengthy suspension after a stomping incident involving the Hurricanes' Jason O'Halloran.
Jones started his career with Northland in 1988 as a string bean 20-year-old lock who was tipped for big things back then. He picked up the nickname "Kamo" after his home town just north of Whangārei in New Zealand's Northland region.
In total Jones played 105 matches for the All Blacks including 79 tests. Jones was named captain for one match. Jones scored a total of 14 tries in All Blacks matches with nine of those in test matches.

## Retirement

Jones now works as a television rugby commentator for Sky Sports and presented their now defunct programme 'RugbyThentre'.
In the 2010 New Year Honours, Jones was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit for services to rugby.
# Utkarsh Singh

Utkarsh Singh (born 7 May 1998) is an Indian cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Jharkhand in the 2017–18 Ranji Trophy on 9 November 2017. He made his List A debut for Jharkhand in the 2017–18 Vijay Hazare Trophy on 11 February 2018. In December 2018, during the 2018–19 Ranji Trophy match against Jharkhand, he scored his maiden century in first-class cricket. He made his Twenty20 debut for Jharkhand in the 2018–19 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy on 24 February 2019.
In February 2021, Singh was bought by the Punjab Kings in the IPL auction ahead of the 2021 Indian Premier League.
# Cooperative Farm 2

Cooperative Farm 2 (Persian: مزرعه تعاوني انقلاب شماره 2 – Mazra‘eh-ye Tʿāvanī Ānqolāb Shomāreh-ye Do) is a village and cooperative farm in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Semnan County, Semnan province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 56, in 18 families.
# Central District (Kangavar County)

The Central District of Kangavar County (Persian: بخش مرکزی شهرستان کنگاور) is in Kermanshah province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Kangavar.

## History

After the 2006 National Census, the village of Gowdin was elevated to the status of a city.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 census, the district's population was 80,215 in 19,825 households. The following census in 2011 counted 80,845 people in 22,649 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the district as 75,443 inhabitants in 23,071 households.

### Administrative divisions

Central District (Kangavar County) Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
| Fash RD | 5,607 | 4,931 | 4,335 |
| Gowdin RD | 12,797 | 12,709 | 8,379 |
| Kermajan RD | 6,423 | 3,985 | 3,596 |
| Khezel-e Gharbi RD | 4,987 | 4,756 | 4,192 |
| Qazvineh RD | 1,500 | 1,015 | 960 |
| Gowdin (city) | | | 2,629 |
| Kangavar (city) | 48,901 | 53,449 | 51,352 |
| Total | 80,845 | 81,051 | 75,443 |
| RD = Rural District ||||
# NGC 788

NGC 788 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Cetus. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 3938 ± 30 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 189.4 ± 13.4 Mly (58.08 ± 4.10 Mpc). It was discovered in a sky survey by Wilhelm Herschel on September 10, 1785.
Studies of NGC 788 indicate that it, while itself being classified as a Seyfert 2, contains an obscured Seyfert 1 nucleus, following the detection of a broad Hα emission line in the polarized flux spectrum. The observation also indicated the lowest radio luminosities observed in an obscured Seyfert 1.

## Supernova

One supernova has been observed in NGC 788: SN 1998dj (type Ia, mag. 16) was discovered by the Lick Observatory Supernova Search (LOSS) on 8 August 1998.

## NGC 788 Group

NGC 788 is the largest and brightest galaxy in a group of at least five galaxies that bears its name. The other four galaxies in the NGC 788 group (also known as LGG 44) are IC 183, NGC 829, NGC 830 and NGC 842.

## Image gallery

* Center of NGC 788 imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope
# Steve Ramon

Steve Ramon (born 29 December 1979 in Bruges) is a Belgian former professional motocross racer. He competed in the Motocross World Championships from 1996 to 2011. Ramon was a two-time motocross world champion.
Ramon rode a KTM to win the 2003 125cc Motocross World Championship. He also won the 2007 MX1 world championship despite not winning a single Grand Prix race. Ramon raced for the Teka Suzuki team managed by former world champion Eric Geboers and his brother Sylvain Geboers, until an injury ended his GP career in 2011. He also won the 125cc Belgian national championship in 1999 and, the MX1-GP Belgian national championship in 2004 and 2006.
In 2011, Ramon won the Le Touquet beach race in France.

## MXGP Results

| Year | Rnd 1 | Rnd 2 | Rnd 3 | Rnd 4 | Rnd 5 | Rnd 6 | Rnd 7 | Rnd 8 | Rnd 9 | Rnd 10 | Rnd 11 | Rnd 12 | Rnd 13 | Rnd 14 | Rnd 15 | Rnd 16 | Rnd 17 | Average Finish | Podium Percent | Place |
| 2007 MX1 | 2 | 9 | 8 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 3 | - | - | 3.93 | 40% | 1st |
# Baleqlu, Fars

Baleqlu (Persian: بالقلو, also romanized as Bāleqlū) is a village in Jaydasht Rural District, in the Central District of Firuzabad County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 25, in 5 families.
# First Church of Woburn

The First Church of Woburn, formerly the First Congregational Church in Woburn, is a historic nondenominational Christian church at 322 Main Street in Woburn, Massachusetts. The congregation, established in 1642, is one of the oldest in the United States, and its church building (the sixth for the congregation) is a local landmark. The Italianate-style church was built in 1860, and its 196-foot (60 m) steeple is believed to be the tallest wooden steeple in North America. The church is home to a historic E. & G. G. Hook pipe organ, dating to the time of the church's construction.
The church building has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1992. The congregation was originally Puritan, as were all acknowledged churches in Massachusetts at the time, and was later affiliated with the United Church of Christ in the early 20th century until resigning the denomination in the late 1980s. It is now declared nondenominational in the evangelical tradition but did not drop the Congregational designation from its name until 2018.
# Faithful and Virtuous Night

Faithful and Virtuous Night is a poetry collection by Louise Glück, published in 2014.

## Composition and contents

The collection alternates between traditional poems and paragraph-long prose poems, marking the first inclusion of prose poems in a book by Glück.
Kathryn Davis, a friend of Glück's, read the collection's poems as they were written. She suggested Glück compose and include its prose poems. Glück drew inspiration from the short works of Franz Kafka while writing the collection.

## Reception

In Boston Review, Craig Morgan Teicher wrote that the collection "[...] may be Glück’s strangest work yet, the hardest to describe or put in line with the others." Writing for NPR, Annalisa Quinn both praise and criticized the collection's abstruseness, referring to the prose poems as "blandly koanic" while also writing that some of the "[...] poems' incompleteness and inscrutability are suggestive rather than prohibitive."

### Honors and awards

Glück received the National Book Award for Poetry for the collection. It was also shortlisted for the T. S. Eliot Prize.
# Anton Subikshan

Anton Subikshan (born 6 January 1998) is an Indian cricketer. He made his List A debut on 21 February 2021, for Puducherry in the 2020–21 Vijay Hazare Trophy.
# I Need an Angel

"I Need an Angel" is a song by singer Daniel DeBourg released on his Tell the World album in 2002, that made number 30 on the Billboard Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart. The song was produced and written by R. Kelly.
A version performed by R. Kelly himself was included on advance copies of his 2004 double album, Happy People/U Saved Me, but was replaced with the song "I Surrender" on the final release.
The song was remade by second-season American Idol winner Ruben Studdard in 2004, as the title track of his album I Need an Angel. It peaked at number 32 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart.
# Jacqueline Le Moigne

Jacqueline J. Le Moigne is a computer scientist and geoscientist specializing in remote sensing including research on image registration and satellite-based on-board data processing. Educated in France, she works in the US for NASA as program manager for Advanced Information Systems Technology in the Earth Science Technology Office.

## Education and career

Le Moigne studied at Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris, where she received bachelor's and master's degrees in mathematics and a Ph.D. in computer science, with a dissertation on biomedical imaging. She was a researcher in computer vision at the University of Maryland, before starting work for NASA in 1998. She became assistant chief for technology at the Goddard Space Flight Center Software Division before moving to her present position in the Earth Science Technology Office.

## Recognition

In 2012, at NASA Goddard, Le Moigne received the NASA Exceptional Service Medal and the Goddard Information Science and Technology Award. She was named to the 2025 class of IEEE Fellows "for contributions to satellite image registration and intelligent space systems design".
# Al-Amiriyah, Jordan

Al Amiriyah (Arabic: الأميرية) is a town in the Amman Governorate of northern Jordan.