# Aichi D1A

The Aichi D1A or Navy Type 94/96 Carrier Bomber (Allied reporting name "Susie") was a Japanese carrier-based dive bomber of the 1930s. A single-engine, two-seat biplane based on the Heinkel He 50, the D1A was produced by Aichi for the Imperial Japanese Navy, remaining in service as a trainer at the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor. The D1A was produced in two variants, the D1A1 (Navy Type 94 Carrier Bomber), and the D1A2 (Navy Type 96 Carrier Bomber, sometimes referred to as the D2A).

## Design and development

The D1A came out of the Imperial Japanese Navy's need for an advanced carrier-based dive bomber, and in late 1934 the IJN ordered the finalisation of the Aichi AB-9 design which was produced as the early model D1A1. However, the D1A1 was not designed by Aichi Tokei Denki Kabushiki Kaisha [ja] aircraft company (later Aichi Kokuki), but by Ernst Heinkel Flugzeugwerke at the request of the Aichi company. The initial version designed by Heinkel was the He 50, a similar model equipped with floats instead of landing gear. The subsequent model, the He 66 was provided to Aichi who immediately began production of it as the D1A1.
The design of the D1A, based on the Heinkel He 66, an export model of the He 50, was designed as a biplane constructed of metal, with a fabric covering, a fixed landing gear and a conventional type tail landing skid. Original models had 365 kW (490 hp) engines and it was not until later models that more powerful 433 kW (580 hp) engines were included in the construction.

## Operational history

The D1A was primarily used in the Second Sino-Japanese War and up to the time Japan entered World War II in 1941. At the beginning of the Pacific War, all of the remaining D1A1s were decommissioned and most of the D1A2s were retired from the front lines and served primarily in training units. The exception was 68 of the D1A2 model that operated as a second-line support until being retired in 1942.

## Variants
### D1A1 Type 94

    Powered by 433 kW (580 hp) Nakajima Kotobuki 2 Kai 1 or Kotobuki 3 radial engines; 162 built.

### D1A2 Type 96 (Sometimes referred to as the D2A)

    Improved version fitted with spatted wheels and a higher powered Nakajima Hikari 1 engine; 428 built.

### AB-11

    Proposed development with retractable undercarriage. Not built.

## Operators
### Empire of Japan

* Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service

### Manchukuo

* Manchukuo Imperial Navy

## Specifications (D1A2)

Data from Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War and Aircraft of World War II - 300 of the World's Greatest aircraft 1939-45
General characteristics
* Crew: 2
* Length: 9.3 m (30 ft 6 in)
* Wingspan: 11.4 m (37 ft 5 in)
* Height: 3.41 m (11 ft 2 in)
* Wing area: 34.7 m$^2$ (374 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 1,516 kg (3,342 lb)
* Gross weight: 2,500 kg (5,512 lb)
* Max takeoff weight: 2,610 kg (5,754 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Nakajima Hikari 1 9-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine, 540 kW (730 hp) for take-off
             500 kW (670 hp) at 3,500 m (11,500 ft)
* Propellers: 2-bladed metal propeller
Performance
* Maximum speed: 309 km/h (192 mph, 167 kn) at 3,200 m (10,500 ft)
* Cruise speed: 222 km/h (138 mph, 120 kn) at 1,000 m (3,300 ft)
* Range: 926 km (575 mi, 500 nmi)
* Service ceiling: 6,980 m (22,900 ft)
* Time to altitude: 3,000 m (9,800 ft) in 7 minutes 51 seconds
Armament
* Guns:
** 2 × fixed 7.7 mm (0.303 in) Type 92 machine guns
** 1 × flexible 7.7 mm (0.303 in) Type 92 machine gun
* Bombs:
** 1 × 250 kg (550 lb) bomb under fuselage
** 2 × 30 kg (66 lb) bombs under wings