# Balabac, Palawan

Balabac, officially the Municipality of Balabac (Tagalog: Bayan ng Balabac), is a municipality in the province of Palawan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 42,527 people.

## History

Balabac was converted from a municipal district to a full municipality in 1957. Before that, it was a barrio of neighboring Bataraza.

### Cape Melville Lighthouse

The Cape Melville Lighthouse, located on the island of Balabac, is one of the Philippines oldest lighthouses built in 1892 during the Spanish era and a major landmark of the town.

## Geography

Not considering the disputed Spratly Islands, the municipality is the westernmost point in the Philippines. It is separated from Sabah by the Balabac Strait.
The municipality consists of some 36 islands, including the eponymous Balabac Island. The islands are notable for their uncommon indigenous plant and animal species, such as the nocturnal Philippine mouse-deer (or Pilandok). The islands are also home to dugongs, saltwater crocodiles, sawfishes, and sea turtles. Due to its biodiversity, the terrestrial and marine ecosystems of the Balabac archipelago are currently being pushed by scholars to be included in the tentative list of the Philippines for a possible UNESCO World Heritage Site nomination in the future.

### Islands

The municipality of Balabac is composed of a group of 36 major and minor islands, notable of which are the following:

### Shoals and sandbars

The municipality of Balabac is composed of various islands located at the Balabac Strait. The strait is known for its shallow waters due to the presence of shoals and numerous sandbars. Balabac has the third and fourth longest sandbars in the Philippines. The third longest is Queen Helen Sandbar at the southern tip of Bugsuk and the fourth is the Angela Sandbar east of Mansalangan.

### Barangays

Balabac is politically subdivided into 20 barangays: Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.
* Agutayan
* Bugsuk (New Cagayancillo)
* Bancalaan
* Indalawan
* Catagupan
* Malaking Ilog
* Mangsee
* Melville
* Pandanan
* Pasig
* Rabor
* Ramos
* Salang
* Sebaring
* Poblacion I
* Poblacion II
* Poblacion III
* Poblacion IV
* Poblacion V
* Poblacion VI

### Climate

Balabac has a tropical monsoon climate (Am) with moderate rainfall from February to May and heavy rainfall in the remaining months.
Climate data for Balabac :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 28.9 (84.0) | 29.3 (84.7) | 29.8 (85.6) | 30.6 (87.1) | 30.9 (87.6) | 30.5 (86.9) | 30.1 (86.2) | 30.3 (86.5) | 29.2 (84.6) | 29.7 (85.5) | 29.5 (85.1) | 29.1 (84.4) | 29.8 (85.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 25.3 (77.5) | 25.5 (77.9) | 25.9 (78.6) | 26.5 (79.7) | 26.9 (80.4) | 26.6 (79.9) | 26.2 (79.2) | 26.3 (79.3) | 25.2 (77.4) | 26.0 (78.8) | 25.8 (78.4) | 25.6 (78.1) | 26.0 (78.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 21.7 (71.1) | 21.7 (71.1) | 22.0 (71.6) | 22.5 (72.5) | 23.0 (73.4) | 22.7 (72.9) | 22.3 (72.1) | 22.3 (72.1) | 21.3 (70.3) | 22.3 (72.1) | 22.2 (72.0) | 22.1 (71.8) | 22.2 (71.9) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 181 (7.1) | 71 (2.8) | 80 (3.1) | 59 (2.3) | 121 (4.8) | 145 (5.7) | 140 (5.5) | 146 (5.7) | 155 (6.1) | 184 (7.2) | 260 (10.2) | 324 (12.8) | 1,866 (73.3) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1918 | 2,109 | — |
| 1939 | 2,760 | +1.29% |
| 1948 | 3,355 | +2.19% |
| 1960 | 4,591 | +2.65% |
| 1970 | 7,912 | +5.59% |
| 1975 | 11,152 | +7.13% |
| 1980 | 15,044 | +6.17% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1990 | 20,056 | +2.92% |
| 1995 | 21,677 | +1.47% |
| 2000 | 25,257 | +3.33% |
| 2007 | 29,622 | +2.22% |
| 2010 | 35,758 | +7.09% |
| 2015 | 40,142 | +2.23% |
| 2020 | 42,527 | +1.14% |
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority :
In the 2020 census, the population of Balabac was 42,527 people, with a density of 73 inhabitants per square kilometre or 190 inhabitants per square mile.

## Economy

Poverty incidence of Balabac
* 10
* 20
* 30
* 40
* 50
* 60
* 2006 52.40
* 2009 44.24
* 2012 38.07
* 2015 50.43
* 2018 29.74
* 2021 14.21
* Source: Philippine Statistics Authority

## Culture

The Molbog people dominate the municipality of Balabac, as well as the municipality of Bataraza in the north. The area is the homeland of the Molbog people since the classical era prior to Spanish colonization. The Molbog are known to have a strong connection with the natural world, especially with the sacred pilandok (Philippine mouse-deer), which can only be found in the Balabac islands. An indigenous folktale tells the story of a naughty Philippine mouse-deer that tricked a prince into giving up his bag of gold while facing a hive of angry bees. Another tale depicts him as a clever guardian of the environment, using his wisdom as an advantage against those who destroy forests, seas, and wildlife. The coconut is especially important in Molbog culture as it is their most prized agricultural crop.

## Transportation

Balabac mainland is a three-hour boat trip from Bataraza on the island of Palawan; Bataraza in turn can be reached from Palawan's capital city Puerto Princesa.
An old airstrip located on the island of Bugsuk serves no commercial flights. Another private airstrip is located on the island of Ramos.

## Healthcare

* Balabac District Hospital is situated in Barangay Catagupan