# Timeline of Aleppo

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Aleppo, Syria.

## Prior to 10th century

* Founded before 2000 BCE
* 1800–1525 BCE – part of the Amorite dynasty
* 333 BCE – Alexander the Great in power.
* 286 BCE – Hellenic settlement of Beroea established.
* 88 BCE – City becomes part of Kingdom of Armenia.
* 64 BCE – City becomes part of Roman Syria.
* 611 CE – Persian Chosroes II in power.
* 637
** July–October: Siege of Aleppo by Muslim forces.
** Al-Shuaibiyah Mosque built.
* 717 – Great Mosque built.

## 10th–12th centuries

* 944 – Sayf al-Dawla in power.
* 962 – City sacked by the Byzantines.
* 1086 - Aleppo submit to the rule of Malik-Shah, the Turkish ruler of the Seljuk Empire
* 1094 – After defeating opposing Seljuk governor Aq Sunqur, Tutush becomes ruler of the city.
* 1124 – City besieged by Christian crusaders under Baldwin II of Jerusalem.
* 1124 – Al-Halawiyah Madrasa built.
* 1138 – 11 October: Earthquake was one of deadliest of all time.
* 1168 – Al-Muqaddamiyah Madrasa established.
* 1170 – 29 June: Earthquake.
* 1183 – Saladin assumes power.
* 1193
** Az-Zahir Ghazi in power.
** Al-Shadbakhtiyah Madrasa built.

## 13th century

* 1211 – Hammam al-Sultan built.
* 1212 – Bab al-Nasr (gate) rebuilt.
* 1218 – Aqueduct restored.
* 1223 – Al-Sultaniyah Madrasa established.
* 1230 – Bab al-Maqam (gate) built.
* 1236 – Al-Firdaws Madrasa established.
* 1237
** Khanqah al-Farafira (monastery) and Al-Kameliyah Madrasa built.
** Bab al-Nairab (gate) built (approximate date).
* 1242 – Al-Sharafiyah Madrasa built.
* 1251 – Al-Turantaiyah Madrasa built.
* 1256 – Bab Qinnasrin (gate) rebuilt.
* 1260 – City besieged by Mongol forces under Hulagu Khan.
* 1280 – City besieged by Mongol forces.

## 14th–15th centuries

* 1303 – Mahmandar Mosque built.
* 1318 – Altun Bogha Mosque built.
* 1350 – Al-Sahibiyah Mosque built.
* 1354 – Bimaristan Arghun al-Kamili (asylum) active.
* 1398 – Al-Otrush Mosque and Al-Tawashi mosque built.
* 1400 – City sacked by forces of Timur of Transoxia.
* 1427 – Citadel expanded.
* 1418 – Central Synagogue rebuilt.
* 1425 – Al-Saffahiyah Mosque built.
* 1429 – Forty Martyrs Cathedral consecrated.
* 1450
** Khan al-Qadi active in Al-Madina Souq.
** Hammam al-Bayadah built.
* 1472 – Khan al-Burghul built in Al-Madina Souq.
* 1491 – Hammam Yalbugha built.
* 1500
** Cathedral of Our Lady of Syrians built.
** Church of the Dormition of Our Lady renovated.

## 16th century

* 1509 – Bab al-Hadid (gate) rebuilt.
* 1516 – Ottoman Selim I in power.
* 1517 – Becomes part of Ottoman Empire.
* 1534 – City becomes capital of Aleppo Eyalet.
* 1537 – Population: 80,000.
* 1539 – Souq Khan al-Nahhaseen built in Al-Madina Souq.
* 1546 – Khan al-Shouneh built in Al-Madina Souq.
* 1547 – Khusruwiyah Mosque built.
* 1548 – Consulate of Republic of Venice established.
* 1557 – Al-Adiliyah Mosque built (approximate date).
* 1562 – Consulate of France established.
* 1583 – Consulate of England established.

## 17th–18th centuries

* 1603 – Beit Wakil (mansion) built.
* 1622 – Levant Company in business.
* 1613 – Consulate of the Netherlands established.
* 1629 – Guild of "makers of swords, knives, daggers, bows, and shields" organized.
* 1682 - Souq Khan al-Wazir built in Al-Madina Souq.
* 1683 - Population: 115,000.
* 1706 - Printing press established.
* 1724 – Al-Ahmadiyah Madrasa established.
* 1730 – Madrasa Ridaiya established.

## 19th century

* 1805 – Uprising.
* 1812 – Earthquake; citadel collapses.
* 1814 – "Janissary massacre."
* 1822 – Earthquake.
* 1823
** Cholera outbreak.
** Population: 250,000 (approximate).
* 1827 – Plague.
* 1830 – Earthquake.
* 1832
** Ibrahim Pasha takes city for Muhammad Ali of Egypt.
** Cholera outbreak.
* 1834 – Military barracks built in the Citadel.
* 1840 – Mohammed Ali relinquishes power.
* 1850
** City besieged by Beduins.
** Massacre of Aleppo (1850).
* 1853 – Pogrom of Jews.
* 1858 – Population: 70,000 (approximate).
* 1859 – Terre-Sainte College opens.
* 1864 – City becomes capital of Aleppo Vilayet.
* 1868 – Municipal council formed.
* 1873 – Saint Elias Cathedral built.
* 1875 – Pogrom of Jews.
* 1878 – Population: 95,000 (approximate).
* 1885 – Aleppo chamber of commerce founded.
* 1892 – Thanawiyyat al-Ma'mun (school) opens.
* 1899 - Bab al-Faraj Clock Tower built.

## 20th century

* 1901 – Ades Synagogue established.
* 1906 – Hama-Aleppo railway in operation.
* 1909 – Abd al-Wahab al-Inklizi becomes mayor.
* 1910
** Nadi al-Ta'ddud (Mutual Aid Society) founded.
** Population: 130,000 (approximate).
* 1911 – Baron Hotel in business.
* 1912 – Baghdad Railway in operation.
* 1916 – Aleppo College established.
* 1918 – Ihsan al-Jabiri becomes mayor.
* 1920 - Syria mandated to the French; city becomes capital of State of Aleppo.
* 1922 - Red Hand Society organized (approximate date).
* 1924
** Damascus and Aleppo united by the French.
** Airport in operation (approximate date).
** Municipal library established.
* 1925 – Al-Yarmouk Sporting Club formed.
* 1927 – al-Hadith journal begins publication.
* 1931 - National Museum of Aleppo founded.
* 1933 - Grand Serail d'Alep opens.
* 1936 - al-Nazir newspaper begins publication.
* 1945
** National Library of Aleppo and Club d'Alep open.
* 1947 - Pogrom of Jews.
* 1948
** People's Party established.
** Al-Baladi Stadium opens.
* 1949
** Aleppo Public Park created.
** Al-Ittihad Sports Club and Jalaa FC formed.
* 1950
** Population: 362,500.
** al-Nass newspaper begins publication (approximate date).
* 1952 – Hurriya Sporting Club formed.
* 1958 – University of Aleppo established.
* 1963 – Nasserist insurgency.
* 1964 – Population: 547,030 (estimate).
* 1965 – Chemins de Fer Syriens headquartered in city.
* 1970
** Our Lady of Assumption church opens.
** Population: 639,428.
* 1971 – Statue of Qustaki al-Himsi erected in Liberty Square.
* 1975 – Popular Traditions Museum opens in Beit Achiqbash.
* 1977 – International School of Aleppo established.
* 1979 – Aleppo Artillery School massacre took place by Muslim Brotherhood.
* 1980 – Siege of Aleppo.
* 1983 – International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas seed bank founded.
* 1985 – Population: 1,145,117 (estimate).
* 1986 – Al-Hamadaniah Stadium opens.
* 1990 – Population: 1,216,000.
* 1994
** Aleppo Citadel Museum opens.
** Population: 1,542,000 (estimate).
* 1997 – Lycée Français d'Alep established.

## 21st century

* 2002 – Private University of Science and Arts established.
* 2004 – Population: 2,132,100.
* 2006 – City designated an Islamic Capital of Culture.
* 2007 – Aleppo International Stadium opens.
* 2008
** Sabah Fakhri Institute of music opened.
** Population: 4,450,000 (estimate).
* 2012
** 10 February: Bombings.
** 18 March: Bombing.
** 4 May: Protest and crackdown.
** 19 July: Battle of Aleppo begins.
** 9 September: Bombing near the 7 April Stadium.
** 3 October: Bombing in Saadallah Al-Jabiri Square.
* 2013
** 15 January: Aleppo University bombings.
** 19 March: Chemical weapon attack by militants.
* 2016
** 22 December: Battle of Aleppo ends.
* 2020
** 16 February: Syrian Armed Forces recapture the entire city of Aleppo.
* 2024
** 30 November: Syrian opposition forces capture most of the city in a surprise offensive.