OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Arrondissement of Cayenne

The arrondissement of Cayenne is an arrondissement of France in the French Guiana department in French Guiana region. It has 10 communes. Its population is 180,493 (2021), and its area is 17,029 km$^2$ (6,575 sq mi). It is the smallest of the three arrondissements in French Guiana, but also its most populated.

## Composition

The communes of the arrondissement of Cayenne, and their INSEE codes, are:
* Cayenne (97302)
* Iracoubo (97303)
* Kourou (97304)
* Macouria (97305)
* Matoury (97307)
* Montsinéry-Tonnegrande (97313)
* Remire-Montjoly (97309)
* Roura (97310)
* Saint-Élie (97358)
* Sinnamary (97312)

## History

The arrondissement of Cayenne, containing the coastal strip of French Guiana, was established in 1947. In 1969 the arrondissement of Inini, which covered the inland territory of French Guiana, was disbanded, and the territory of French Guiana was divided between the arrondissement of Cayenne and the new arrondissement of Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni.
Before 2015, the arrondissements of French Guiana were subdivided into cantons. The cantons of the arrondissement of Cayenne were, as of January 2015:
* Approuague-Kaw
* Cayenne 1st Canton Nord-Ouest
* Cayenne 2nd Canton Nord-Est
* Cayenne 3rd Canton Sud-Ouest
* Cayenne 4th Canton Centre
* Cayenne 5th Canton Sud
* Cayenne 6th Canton Sud-Est
* Iracoubo
* Kourou
* Macouria
* Matoury
* Montsinéry-Tonnegrande
* Rémiré-Montjoly
* Roura
* Saint-Georges-de-l'Oyapock
* Sinnamary
A government decree of October 26, 2022 detached the four communes of Saint-Georges, Camopi, Ouanary, and Régina from the arrondissement of Cayenne to form the new arrondissement of Saint-Georges.
# Picrophilaceae

Picrophilaceae is a family of microbes within the order Thermoplasmatales.

## Morphology and ecology

The cells are round in shape, thermophilic, heterotrophic, and obligately aerobic. This species is hyperacidophilic, with an optimal pH of 0.7. Its optimal temperature is 60 °C. It has been isolated from fumaroles, acidic sediments, dry solfataric fields, and hot springs in Hokkaidō, Japan.

## Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
| 16S rRNA based LTP_06_2022 | 53 marker proteins based GTDB 09-RS220 |
| Thermoplasmatales Thermoplasmataceae Thermoplasma Thermogymnomonas Cuniculiplasmataceae Cuniculiplasma Picrophilaceae Picrophilus Ferroplasmataceae Acidiplasma Ferroplasma | Thermoplasmatales Thermoplasma Cuniculiplasma Thermogymnomonas Picrophilus Acidiplasma Ferroplasma Thermoplasmataceae |
# Ab Chenaru, Fars

Ab Chenaru (Persian: اب چنارو, also Romanized as Āb Chenārū; also known as Āb Chenār) is a village in Jaydasht Rural District, in the Central District of Firuzabad County, Fars province, Iran. The population of Ab Chenaru was 34 people, spread between six families, in the 2006 census.
# Ab Garm-e Olya

Ab Garm-e Olya (Persian: اب گرم عليا, also Romanized as Āb Garm-e 'Olyā; also known as Āb Garmū, Āb Garmū-ye Bālā, and Garmū) is a village in Bakesh-e Do Rural District, in the Central District of Mamasani County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 37, in 6 families.
# Ab Gui

Ab Gui (Persian: اب گوئي, also Romanized as Āb Gū’ī; also known as Ābkūhī) is a village in Emad Deh Rural District, Sahray-ye Bagh District, Larestan County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 20, in 5 families.
# Nianell

Sonia Aletta Nel (born September 25, 1971 in Omaruru, Namibia), better known as Nianell, is a singer, songwriter, pianist, and guitarist.

## Biography

After growing up in Windhoek, Nianell graduated with a three-year diploma in light music from Pretoria Technikon in South Africa. She studied classical music at Trinity College in London and at the University of South Africa.
She has a four-octave vocal range and her songs have been described as including "elements of folk, pop, R&B, country, classic and even Celtic music." Four of her albums (Who Painted The Moon?, Angel Tongue, Life's Gift, and I Know I'm Lucky) reached platinum status in South Africa. Nianell gained her first international platinum hit with the song "Who Painted the Moon?" The composition was covered by another international singer, Hayley Westernra on the album Pure. The album sold more than 2 million copies and Nianell's version was featured as a single on this album. In April 2011, she released her first album in the United States. She has won two SAMA Awards: Angel Tongue won Best English Contemporary Album, and "We'll Find a Way" won her Best Female Songwriter.
She released a duet album with Dozi and another duet album with afropop group Romanz in May 2011.

## Personal life

She and her ex-husband, Andrew Thompson, have triplets, all girls. In 1998, she played netball in the Namibian national team. Nianell's younger sister, Riana Nel, is also an acclaimed singer and songwriter. Both sisters have performed together on several occasions.

## Discography
### Albums

* 2002 – Who Painted the Moon
* 2006 – Life's Gift
* 2004 – Angel Tongue
* 2005 – As One (Live DVD, concert at Emperor's Palace)
* 2007 – I Know I'm Lucky
* 2009 – It Takes Two, with Dozi (DVD)
* 2010 – Sand & Water
* 2011 – Who Painted the Moon (U.S. compilation album)
* 2011 – 'N Duisend Drome
* 2012 – You're the One That I Want – Take 2
* 2012 – My Heart
* 2014 – Just Be
* 2017 – My Beautiful Escape
# Teodoro Sánchez de Bustamante

Teodoro Sánchez de Bustamante (10 January 1778–1 May 1851) was an Argentine statesman, lawyer and soldier. He was a representative to the Congress of Tucumán which on 9 July 1816 declared the Independence of Argentina.
Sánchez de Bustamante was born in Jujuy to Manuel Sánchez de Bustamante and María Tomasa González de Araujo y Ortiz de Zárate, and was a descendant of the founder of Jujuy, Francisco Argañaraz y Murguía. He studied in Salta at the school of José León Cabezón, then in Buenos Aires at the Real Colegio de San Carlos. He qualified as a lawyer in 1804 at the University of Charcas (now Bolivia) and was named Relator of the Audiencia Real there, and later President of the Forensic Academy.
Sánchez de Bustamante took part in the 1809 uprising in Chuquisaca that pre-dated the 1810 May Revolution in Buenos Aires. The leader of the revolutionaries, Coronel Arenales, leader of the revolutionaries, named him captain in the Compañía de Practicantes. The uprising was suppressed by Mariscal Nieto and the leaders captured and sent to Callao, but Sánchez de Bustamante managed to flee to Jujuy. He travelled to Buenos Aires soon after the May Revolution and met his friend Mariano Moreno. Moreno named him as attorney of the Audiencia, a position which he held until 1811, before returning to his hometown as general assistant of the city's Cabildo and courts.
In 1813 General Manuel Belgrano named him as secretary of the Army of the North in the campaign in modern Peru and Bolivia. Belgrano's successor, General José de San Martín, promoted him to be his secretary, and Rondeau made him secretary-general in 1814. He participated in the Battle of Sipe Sipe in November 1815.
In 1815 Sánchez de Bustamante was elected by Jujuy to the Tucumán Congress and served in 1816 for the declaration. In 1819, he became president of the congress until it dissolved in 1820. He served as government secretary to Juan Antonio Álvarez de Arenales in 1824, and served as acting governor of Salta when Alvarez travelled to Upper Peru. He was governor of Jujuy from 1826 to 1827.
Having left politics, Sánchez de Bustamante moved to Sucre in 1831 to teach. He became Rector of the Colegio Mayor de Santa Cruz in 1834 but retired in 1837 due to ill health. He died in Santa Cruz de la Sierra in 1851; in 1916 his remains were re-buried in the Cathedral of Jujuy.
vteArgentine War of Independence :
Causes :
Combatants
Campaigns & Theaters
Battles
Events :
Leaders :
Governments :
Congresses :
Related topics :
# Krisztián Tamás

Krisztián Tamás (born 18 April 1995) is a Hungarian professional footballer who plays for OTP Bank Liga club Újpest in Hungary.

## Club career

Tamás played for the youth academy of Szombathelyi Haladas till 2011. Then he went a trial with Italian heavyweights AC Milan. Other European clubs like Arsenal and Tottenham Hotspur were reportedly interested in securing his services. But Tamás successfully joined the youth academy of AC Milan.

### Varese

On 27 July 2014, he joined Serie B team Varese on a season long loan. He made his debut in a Coppa Italia match against Juve Stabia.

### Slavia Prague

On 30 January 2015, Tamás was loaned to Slavia Praha ona 6-month deal.
On 21 February 2015, Tamás played his first match with Slavia against Slovan Liberec at the Stadion u Nisy, in Liberec, Czech Republic in the 2014–15 Czech First League.

## Club statistics

| Club | Season | League | League | Cup | Cup | Europe | Europe | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Varese |
| Varese | 2014–15 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | – | – | 6 | 0 |
| Varese | Total | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | – | – | 6 | 0 |
| Slavia Prague |
| Slavia Prague | 2014–15 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 11 | 0 |
| Slavia Prague | Total | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 11 | 0 |
| Spezia |
| Spezia | 2015–16 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 5 | 0 |
| Spezia | 2016–17 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 1 | 0 |
| Spezia | Total | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 6 | 0 |
| Gyirmót |
| Gyirmót | 2016–17 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 8 | 1 |
| Gyirmót | Total | 7 | 1 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 8 | 1 |
| Videoton |
| Videoton | 2017–18 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 3 |
| Videoton | 2018–19 | 11 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 17 | 1 |
| Videoton | Total | 18 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 28 | 4 |
| Zalaegerszeg |
| Zalaegerszeg | 2019–20 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 17 | 0 |
| Zalaegerszeg | Total | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 17 | 0 |
| Budapest Honvéd |
| Budapest Honvéd | 2020–21 | 22 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 24 | 2 |
| Budapest Honvéd | 2021–22 | 29 | 2 | 3 | 0 | – | – | 32 | 2 |
| Budapest Honvéd | Total | 51 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | 4 |
| Career Total | | 113 | 7 | 17 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 132 | 9 |
Updated to games played as of 15 May 2022.

## International career

He was also part of the Hungarian U-19 at the 2014 UEFA European Under-19 Championship and U-20 team at the 2015 FIFA U-20 World Cup.
# Lewis Menary

Lewis Menary (8 October 1882 – 24 April 1956) was a Progressive Conservative party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Amaranth Township, Ontario, and became a farmer and merchant by career. Menary served as reeve of Grand Valley in 1910 and 1911.
He was first elected to Parliament at the Wellington North riding in the 1945 general election after an unsuccessful attempt there in the 1940 election. Menary was defeated in the 1949 election by Arnold Darroch of the Liberal Party.
# Khoums

The khoums (singular and plural in English; Arabic: خمس; lit. 'fifth') is the subdivisory unit of the Mauritanian monetary system, the ouguiya. Five khoums make an ouguiya, hence one khoums can be expressed as 0.2 ouguiya.
When the ouguiya was adapted in 1973, it replaced the CFA franc as 5 francs to the ouguiya, thus a khoums was equal to the franc. As the franc had no subdivisional unit, all wealths in francs could be converted to ouigiya with no rounding. On the khoums coin (minted in Kremnica Mint, Slovakia), the obverse is in Arabic with the date of the Islamic calendar and the reverse in French in the Gregorian calendar with national arms on each side, identical to all other Mauritanian coins. However, on the Arabic side, instead of a number like on the other coins, the word خمس is used.
The khoums is one of only two subdivisions of currency that are not in a multiple of ten, and the only one still in everyday use; the other is the Malagasy iraimbilanja, also based on the franc.
As of 1 January 2023, the value of one khoums is about US$0.0054347846/¢0.54347846.
# Oskar Loorits

Oskar Loorits (9 November [O.S. 27 October] 1900 – 12 December 1961) was an Estonian folklorist.

## Life

Loorits was born in Suure-Kõpu Parish, Viljandi County. He initially studied folklore at the University of Tartu and obtained his doctorate in 1926. Between 1927 and 1941, he was a lecturer in Estonian and Comparative Folklore. Also during that period he was a director of the Estonian Folklore Archives. In 1938, he became a member of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. In 1944, he fled the Soviet occupation to Sweden and worked there until 1947 as an archive assistant. From then until shortly before his death he held a position in the folk archives of the University of Uppsala. He died in Uppsala, aged 61.

## Works

* Livonian fairy tales and fables variants. Helsingfors 1926 (Folklore Fellows' Communications Vol 21, 1 = No. 66).
* Estonian folk poetry and mythology. Tartu 1932.
# S. M. Heath

Sidney Moor Heath (August 27, 1859 – April 3, 1919) was an American politician in the state of Washington. He served in the Washington House of Representatives from 1895 to 1897.
# Ümit Kaftancıoğlu

Ümit Kaftancıoğlu (1935 – 11 April 1980) was a Turkish TV producer, writer and columnist of the newspaper Cumhuriyet.

## Life and career

Kaftancıoğlu was born in Saskara village, Hanak, Ardahan Province. He graduated from Cilavuz Village Institute in 1957 and worked as a primary school teacher in Derik in Mardin Province and as a teacher in Balıkesir Necatibey Institute of Education before entering into the Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (TRT).
He won the Grand Award at the 1970 TRT Art Awards with his short story Dönemeç (The Bend), the 1972 Karacan Award with his interview Hakkullah and came third at the Başkent Awards with his short story Linda (Linda).
On 11 April 1980, he was gunned down in front of his home in Istanbul as he was about to get in his car. Later his son married Canan Kaftancıoğlu.

## Works
### Short stories

* Dönemeç (The Bend, 1972)
* Çarpana (To One That Hit, 1975)
* İstanbul Allak Bullak (İstanbul Is Confused, 1975)

### Novels

* Yelatan (Wind-Blower, 1972)
* Tüfekliler (Gunmen, 1974)

### Collections

* Köroğlu Kolları (Köroğlu Arms, 1974)

### Research

* Altın Ekin (The Golden Harvest, 1980)
* Hınzır Paşa (Hınzır Paşa, 1980).

### Children's literature

* Tek Atlı Tekin Olmaz (One Horseman Is Not Auspicious, 1973)
* Kekeme Tavşan (Stammer Rabbit)
* Kan Kardeşim Dorutay (My Blood Brother Dorutay)
* Dört Boynuzlu Koç (Four Horned Ram)
* Çizmelerim Keçeden (My Boats Are Made of Felt)
* Salih Bey (Salih Bey)
* Çoban Geçmez (Shepherd Does Not Pass)
# Tirathaba complexa

Tirathaba complexa is a species of moth of the family Pyralidae. It was described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1885. It has been recorded from Tuvalu and Fiji.
The wingspan is about 25 mm. The forewings are whitish brown. The hindwings are almost white and semi-transparent.
# 15 cm SK L/40 naval gun

The 15 cm SK L/40 was a German naval gun that was used as secondary armament on pre-dreadnought battleships, protected cruisers and armored cruisers of the Imperial German Navy in World War I. It was also used as a coast-defence gun during World Wars I and II.

## Construction

The 15 cm SK L/40 gun was constructed of A tube, two layers of hoops and used a Krupp horizontal sliding-wedge breech block. It used separate loading metallic cased propellant charges and projectiles. Unlike other large naval guns of the time which used separate loading bagged charges and projectiles, this gun used charges inside of a brass cartridge case to provide obturation. The guns were often mounted in single casemates or single turrets amidships. In addition to guns produced for the Imperial German Navy comparable export models were produced for the Royal Netherlands Navy and produced under license by Škoda for the Austro-Hungarian Navy.
| Export Models | No.2 | No.3 | No.4 | No.5 | Krupp 15 cm L/40 K94 | Škoda 15 cm L/40 K96 |
| Users | Netherlands | Netherlands | Netherlands | Netherlands | Austria-Hungary | Austria-Hungary |
| Weight | 4,420 kg (9,740 lb) | 4,850 kg (10,690 lb) | 5,200 kg (11,500 lb) | 4,880 kg (10,760 lb) | 4,500 kg (9,900 lb) | 4,500 kg (9,900 lb) |
| Rifling Length | 4.4 m (14 ft 5 in) | 4.8 m (15 ft 9 in) | 5.5 m (18 ft 1 in) | 4.6 m (15 ft 1 in) | 4.6 m (15 ft 1 in) | 4.6 m (15 ft 1 in) |
| Muzzle Velocity | 680 m/s (2,200 ft/s) | 680 m/s (2,200 ft/s) | 850 m/s (2,800 ft/s) | 745 m/s (2,440 ft/s) | 690 m/s (2,300 ft/s) | 690 m/s (2,300 ft/s) |

## Naval Use

Ship classes that carried the 15 cm SK L/40 include:
* German:
** Kaiser Friedrich III-class battleship
** Prinz Adalbert-class cruiser
** Roon-class cruiser
** Scharnhorst-class cruiser
** Victoria Louise-class cruiser
** Wittelsbach-class battleship
** SMS Kaiserin Augusta
** SMS Greif
** SMS Möwe
** SMS Wolf
** Deutschland
* Austrian:
** Habsburg-class battleship
** Monarch-class coastal defense ship
** SMS Kaiser Karl VI
** SMS Sankt Georg
* Dutch:
** Holland-class cruiser No. 2 and No. 3
** Koningin Regentes-class coastal defense ship No. 4
** HNLMS Marten Harpertszoon Tromp No. 5
** HNLMS Jacob van Heemskerck No. 5
** HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën No. 5
* Ottoman:
** Avnillah-class ironclad
** Asar-i Tevfik
** Feth-i Bülend
* China:
** Haiyung class protected cruiser

## Ammunition

Ammunition was of separate loading quick fire type. The projectiles were 39–46.5 cm (1–2 ft) long with a cartridge case and bagged charge which weighed 10 kg (22 lb).
The gun was able to fire:
* Armor Piercing 51 kg (112 lb)
* High Explosive Base Fuzed 45 kg (99 lb)
* High Explosive Nose Fuzed 45 kg (99 lb)
* Common Shell Nose Fuzed 45 kg (99 lb)
# Paul VI: The Pope in the Tempest

Paul VI: The Pope in the Tempest (Italian: Paolo VI - Il Papa nella tempesta) is a 2008 Italian biographical drama television movie directed by Fabrizio Costa. The film is based on real life events of Roman Catholic Pope Paul VI.

## Plot

During the kidnapping of Aldo Moro, Pope Paul reflects about his life: As the young priest don Battista Montini, he studies French philosophers with students (some of them would found the Christian Democracy) in spite of the Fascist pressure. He is called to serve the Papal curia of Pius XII in Rome. He watches how the Holy See and Fascist Italy sign the 1929 Concordat. He tries to protect the victims of Fascism and Allied bombing during the World War. He is sent as bishop of Milan, the biggest diocese. There he approaches the workers and the poor, who feel the Church is far from them, in a campaign of mission for a "civilization of love". He is made a cardinal by Pope John XXIII. He is called to participate in the Second Vatican Council. After the pope's death, he is elected the new pope. He follows the work of the council. The encyclicals he issues have uneasy receptions. Populorum Progressio is taken by some to encourage armed revolution against tyranny. This includes Roberto, a young rebel man, son of a family friends of Montini. Roberto argues with his parents and becomes more and more radicalized. Pope Paul becomes a travelling pope. He pilgrims to Jordan-administered Jerusalem, where he tries to bridge with the Eastern Orthodox Church. In the Holy Land, the pope consoles an Arab Christian bed-ridden old man. Humane Vitae disappoints those who expect the Church to accept a more modern view of sexuality. At the same time, there are those who, like Marcel Lefebvre, reject the Council innovations. The pope suffers because in spite of directly appealing to the Red Brigades, his friend the Italian prime minister Aldo Moro is executed. However Roberto confesses that his appeal made him renounce violence.

## Cast

* Fabrizio Gifuni as Giovanni Battista Montini
* Mauro Marino as Don Pasquale Macchi
* Antonio Catania as Padre Giulio Bevilacqua
* Luca Lionello as Don Leone
* Sergio Tardioli as Don Primo Mazzolari
* Claudio Botosso as Roberto Poloni
* Licia Maglietta as Maria Colpani
* Fabrizio Bucci as Matteo Poloni
* Mariano Rigillo as Cardinal Eugène Tisserant
* Giovanni Visentin as Cardinal Francesco Marchetti Selvaggiani
* Sergio Fiorentini as Cardinal Pietro Gasparri
* Luciano Virgilio as Cardinal Ugo Poletti
* Pietro Biondi as Cardinal Jean-Marie Villot
* Gaetano Aronica as Aldo Moro
* Luis Molteni as Angelo Roncalli
* Angelo Maggi as Eugenio Pacelli
* Nicola D'Eramo as Marcel Lefebvre
* Carlo Cartier as Pope Pius XI
* Maciej Robakiewicz as Karol Wojtyła
# Eton (surname)

Notable people with the surname Eton include:
* Elon Eton (alternate name for Elon Howard Eaton, 1866–1934), American ornithologist, scholar, and author
* Peter Eton (1917–1979), British radio and television producer
* Richard Eton (early 15th. c.), English politician
# 1996 Laurie O'Reilly Cup

The 1996 Laurie O'Reilly Cup was the third edition of the competition and was held on 31 August at Sydney. New Zealand retained the O'Reilly Cup after defeating Australia 5–28.

## Match

1996-08-31 14:30 AEST (UTC+10)Australia 5–28 New ZealandTry: Sharon CarsonTry: Karen Taylor Helen Littleworth Lenadeen Simpson-Brown Kellie Kiwi Davida White Pen: Heidi ReaderConcord Oval, Sydney :
# Caira Moreira-Brown

Caira Moreira-Brown (born June 11, 1996) is an American épée fencer who was a member of the United States fencing team for the junior Pan American Games where she took home a bronze in individuals and gold in teams in 2015 in Toronto, Canada. Moreira-Brown was born and raised in New York City. She began fencing at the age of 15 after being introduced to it by her cousins, Keeth and Erinn Smart, both Olympic Silver medalist, in different weapons. Before taking up fencing, she had taken ballet, ice skating, tennis and track. Similar to both of her cousins she began and has continued fencing at The Peter Westbrook Foundation. Whose founder, Olympic saber bronze-medalist Peter Westbrook, was one of her mentors.
Moreira Brown graduated from an all girls private school on the Upper East Side in 2014 where she went to continue on as a Division I athlete at St. John's University in Queens. The next year Moreira Brown transferred to Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio and continues as a Division I athlete.
# 2015 FFAS Senior League

The 2015 season of the FFAS Senior League Division 1 was the thirty-fifth season of association football competition in American Samoa.

## Format

Six teams competed in the league. The top team became the champion.

## Table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| 1 | Utulei Youth (C, Q) | 8 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 29 | 8 | +21 | 20 | 2016 OFC Champions League preliminary stage |
| 2 | Lion Heart | 8 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 28 | 14 | +14 | 17 | |
| 3 | Ilaoa and To'omata | 8 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 27 | 14 | +13 | 16 | |
| 4 | FC SKBC | 8 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 13 | 14 | −1 | 11 | |
| 5 | PanSa | 8 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 9 | 33 | −24 | 4 | Team disqualified for forfeiting matches twice |
| 6 | Vaiala Tongan | 8 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 29 | −23 | 0 | Team disqualified for forfeiting matches |
# Robert Fourer

Robert Fourer (born September 2, 1950) is a scientist working in the area of operations research and management science. He is currently President of AMPL Optimization, Inc and is Professor Emeritus of Industrial Engineering and Management Sciences at Northwestern University. Robert Fourer is recognized as being the designer of the popular modeling language for mathematical programming called AMPL.
Together with David M. Gay and Brian Kernighan he was awarded 1993 ORSA/CSTS Prize by the Computer Science Technical Section of the Operations Research Society of America, for writings on the design of mathematical programming systems and the AMPL modeling language. Robert Fourer was also awarded Guggenheim Fellowship for Natural Sciences in 2002. He was elected to the 2004 class of Fellows of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences.
Prior to the invention of AMPL, a series of articles by Fourer extended the Simplex algorithm to allow for the objective to be convex separable piecewise-linear. He also worked with Sanjay Mehrotra to solve indefinite linear systems arising in interior-point methods. Their method was more numerically stable than other methods previously proposed.

## Writings

AMPL: A Modeling Language for Mathematical Programming, 2nd Ed. (2003 with David Gay and Brian Kernighan)