OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Football at the 1977 SEA Games

The football tournament at the 1977 SEA Games is the first edition of the tournament as the Southeast Asian Games. It was held from 19 November to 26 November 1977 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

## Teams

* Brunei
* Burma
* Indonesia
* Malaysia
* Philippines
* Singapore
* Thailand

## Tournament
### Group stage
#### Group A

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| Indonesia | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 2 | +5 | 5 |
| Malaysia | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 13 | 2 | +11 | 4 |
| Philippines | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 7 | −2 | 3 |
| Brunei | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 15 | −14 | 0 |

#### Group B

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| Burma | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 1 | +7 | 4 |
| Thailand | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | −1 | 2 |
| Singapore | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 7 | −6 | 0 |

### Knockout stage
#### Gold medal match
## Winners

* 1977 SEA Games Men's Tournament
* Malaysia Second title

## Final ranking

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Final result |
| 1 | Malaysia (H) | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 24 | 3 | +21 | 8 | Gold Medal |
| 2 | Thailand | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 5 | −1 | 4 | Silver Medal |
| 3 | Burma | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 11 | 10 | +1 | 6 | Bronze Medal |
| 4 | Indonesia | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 6 | +1 | 5 | Fourth place |
| 5 | Philippines | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 7 | −2 | 3 | Eliminated in group stage |
| 6 | Singapore | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 7 | −6 | 0 | Eliminated in group stage |
| 7 | Brunei | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 15 | −14 | 0 | Eliminated in group stage |

## Medal winners

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Malaysia | Thailand | Burma |
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men's football | Malaysia R. Arumugam Abdul Rashid Hassan Soh Chin Ann Santokh Singh Jamal Nasir Abdullah Ali Nik Pauzi Yahya Yusof Bakri Ibni Shukor Salleh Abdah Alif Reduan Abdullah Yip Chee Keong Wan Rashid D. Davendran Wong Hung Nung James Yaakub James Wong Mokhtar Dahari Isa Bakar | Thailand Chaiwat Prommon Navy Sukying Kitichai Laokerkoonpong Supaleuk Chivabutr Chainoi Songkhroh Surasakdi Tantadilok Niwat Srisawat Chamreon Khamnil Sithipon Pongsri Jesdapon Napatalung Cherdsak Chaibutr Weerayudth Swasdi Surin Khemngern Daoyod Dara Preecha Kijboon Sompon Janyavisutr Manus Ratanatisoi Pichai Kongsri Chumpon Keungroong Vitachai Ataporn Amyiat Chalermchavalit Chamreon Kanato | Burma Maung Maung Myint Khin Maung Win Han Tun Maung Maung Tin Than Htiak Myo Nyunt Myint Aung Hlaing Thein Tun Myint Swe Aye Maung Pauk Si Myint Soe Tin Shwe Than Win Soe Naing Mya Kyaing Tin Win Myo Thein Thein Aung Tin Myint |
# Stiffed (band)

Stiffed was an American punk rock band from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
They incorporated both New Wave and No Wave elements into their work. Founded by vocalist Santi White also known as Santigold, the original band lineup also included guitarist Matt Schleck, bassist Chris Shar and drummer Chuck Treece. The band's "stripped-raw rhythm and eerie vocals [...] created so much buzz in the underground rock scenes in New York and Philadelphia that record producer Ryko and publicity hotshots Girlie Action (the White Stripes and Ryan Adams are also clients) approached the band hoping to distribute and represent Stiffed's music." Their initial EP Sex Sells was released in 2003 on Coolhunter records, and their debut album Burned Again, produced by Darryl Jenifer of Bad Brains, was released in 2005. The band helped launch White's solo career under the stage name Santigold.
# Berkeh-ye Mollai

Berkeh-ye Mollai (Persian: بركه ملايي, also Romanized as Berkeh-ye Mollā’ī; also known as Berkeh-ye Mollā) is a village in Kheyrgu Rural District, Alamarvdasht District, Lamerd County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 101, in 25 families.
# Judo at the 1991 SEA Games

The Judo at the 1991 Southeast Asian Games was held between 26 November to 30 November 1991 at Rizal Memorial Sports Complex Manila, Philippines.

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Indonesia (INA) | 8 | 4 | 0 | 12 |
| 2 | Thailand (THA) | 3 | 0 | 6 | 9 |
| 3 | Philippines (PHI) | 1 | 3 | 4 | 8 |
| 4 | Myanmar (MYA) | 0 | 4 | 2 | 6 |
| 5 | Singapore (SIN) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Totals (5 entries) | Totals (5 entries) | 12 | 12 | 13 | 37 |

## Medal summary
### Men

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Half light-weight | Khajornsuk Komargama | Thein Uin | Danilo Crosby |
| Light-weight | Yudhi Sulistianto | Rexberto Ramirez | Kyaw Nyunt |
| Half middle-weight | John Baylon | Henry Prasetyo | Bancha Thanamkhet |
| Middle-weight | Quentung Putro Setiano | Than Maung | Pallop Jamsawang |
| Half heavy-weight | Hengky Pie | Mark Oliver de Castro | Pitak Kampitak |
| Heavy-weight | Perrence Pantouw | Ho Yen Chye | Narin Suppawet |
| Open | Ceto Cosadek | Hengky Pie | Ho Yen Chye John Baylon |

### Women

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Half light-weight | Sugiati | Kyi Kyi Wai | Loreta Mendoza |
| Light-weight | Prateep Pinthong | Erna Yantianingsih | Hla Hla Myint |
| Middle-weight | Helena Papilaya | Julie Manalo | Waksana Sokniran |
| Half heavy-weight | Pujawati Utama | Tin Tin Maw | Soonluck Kerdnanee |
| Heavy-weight | Supatra Yompakdee | Linia Tri Astuti | Hiyas Gapit |
# Buccaneer (disambiguation)

A buccaneer is a type of pirate.
(The) Buccaneer(s) may also refer to:

## Aviation

* Advanced Aeromarine Buccaneer, a one or two seat, ultra-light amphibious aircraft
* Blackburn Buccaneer, a British-built strike aircraft, in service from 1962 to 1994
* Brewster SB2A Buccaneer, a US close support aircraft
* Lake Buccaneer, a four-seat amphibious aircraft
* Menasco Buccaneer, a 1930s-40s aero engine

## Books

* Buccaneers (series), a children's book series written by Sheila K. McCullagh
* The Buccaneers, a novel by Edith Wharton

## Entertainment

* Buccaneer (board game), published by Waddingtons
* Buccaneer (role-playing game), a 1979 role-playing game
* Buccaneer (video game), a 1997 video game from Strategic Simulations.
* The Buccaneers (film), a 1924 film
* The Buccaneer (film), a 1938 film directed by Cecil B. DeMille
* The Buccaneers (1956 TV series), a 1956 television series made by ITC Entertainment
* The Buccaneer (film), a 1958 film directed by Anthony Quinn
* Buccaneer (TV series), a BBC television series from 1980
* The Buccaneers, a 1995 BBC television mini-series from 1993, based on the novel of same name by Edith Wharton
* The Buccaneers (2023 TV series), a 2023 British period drama television series

## Sports

* Buccaneer (mascot), the 1995 Pittsburgh Pirates baseball mascot
* Buccaneers RFC, a rugby union team based in Athlone, Co. Westmeath, Ireland
* Los Angeles Buccaneers, a former National Football League team
* Reading Buccaneers Drum and Bugle Corps
* Tampa Bay Buccaneers, an American football team
* Charleston Southern Buccaneers, sports teams of Charleston Southern University
* Cape Cod Buccaneers, 1980s American ice hockey team
* Blackburn Buccaneers, an English ice hockey team
* Des Moines Buccaneers, an American ice hockey team
* Liverpool Buccaneers, an English rugby league team
* Oakland Buccaneers, an American soccer team
* Galveston Buccaneers, an American 1930s baseball team
* Christian Brothers Buccaneers and Lady Buccaneers, sports teams of Christian Brothers University
* New Orleans Buccaneers, American basketball team
* East Tennessee State Buccaneers and Lady Buccaneers, sports teams of East Tennessee State University
* Bucaneros de La Guaira, a Venezuelan basketball team
* Bukaneros, ultras (fans) of Rayo Vallecano, Spanish association football team

## Watercraft

* Buccaneer 200, an American keelboat design
* Buccaneer 210, an American keelboat design
* Buccaneer 220, an American keelboat design
* Buccaneer 240, an American keelboat design
* Buccaneer 245, an American keelboat design
* Buccaneer 250, an American keelboat design
* Buccaneer 255, an American keelboat design
* Buccaneer (dinghy), a type of light sailboat
* HMAS Buccaneer (P 100), a patrol boat of the Australian Navy
* USS Sapphire (PYc-2), originally named Buccaneer, a United States Navy patrol vessel of World War II

## Other uses

* Operation Buccaneer, an American government copyright anti-piracy project
* Buccaneer (musician) (Andrew Bradford; born 1974), Jamaican dancehall musician
# Bid Khal

Bid Khal (Persian: بيدخل, also Romanized as Bīd Khal) is a village in Bakesh-e Do Rural District, in the Central District of Mamasani County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 115, in 21 families.
# Bid Qatar-e Bon Rud

Bid Qatar-e Bon Rud (Persian: بيدقطاربن رود, also Romanized as Bīd Qaţār-e Bon Rūd; also known as Bīdqaţār) is a village in Dasht-e Arzhan Rural District, Arzhan District, Shiraz County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 103, in 20 families.
# Bidkan

Bidkan (Persian: بيدكان, also Romanized as Bīdkān) is a village in Jereh Rural District, Jereh and Baladeh District, Kazerun County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 208, in 46 families.
# Arnis at the 2005 SEA Games

The arnis tournament at the 2005 SEA Games was held on December 1, 2005 to December 4, 2005 at the Emilio Aguinaldo College Gymnasium in Ermita, Manila. This is also the same venue as the wushu events. This is the first time since 1991 that the sport was introduced in the SEA Games, although in 1991 it was played as a demonstration sport. Arnis is an indigenous sport that originated from the Philippines. This was the first international multi-sport event where East Timor received its first medal.
There were six gold medals at stake in Forms and Full-Contact events for men and women.

## Participating countries

| Country | Players in Forms | Players in Full Contact | Total |
| Cambodia | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Philippines | 8 | 2 | 10 |
| Timor-Leste | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| Vietnam | 8 | 2 | 10 |
Whitley Bay

## Medal table

* Host nation (Philippines)
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Philippines* | 3 | 3 | 0 | 6 |
| 1 | Vietnam | 3 | 3 | 0 | 6 |
| 3 | East Timor | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 4 | Cambodia | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Totals (4 entries) | Totals (4 entries) | 6 | 6 | 5 | 17 |

## Medalists
### Forms

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men's individual anyo | Nguyễn Quang Tùng Vietnam | Regie Sanchez Philippines | Phann Piseth Cambodia |
| Women's individual anyo | Nguyễn Thị Mỳ Vietnam | Mylen Garson Philippines | Francisca Valera East Timor |
| Men's synchronized anyo | Philippines Peter Kevin Celis Glenn Llamador Nathan Ben Dominguez | Vietnam Trần Thanh Tùng Nguyễn Thanh Tùng Trần Đức Nghĩa | Cambodia Phann Piseth Lay Rayon Yeuth Meth |
| Women's synchronized anyo | Philippines Rochelle Quirol Catherine Ballenas Aireen Parong | Vietnam Nguyễn Thị Hà Vũ Thị Thảo Nguyễn Thị Loan | not awarded |

### Full contact

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men's sparring 71 kg | Nguyễn Thanh Quyền Vietnam | Renato Tuñacao Philippines | Fortunato Soares East Timor |
| Women's sparring 52 kg | Anna Joy Fernandez Philippines | Lê Thị Thanh Huyền Vietnam | Elisabeth Yanti Almeda Dois Reis East Timor |
# Lump sum

A lump sum is a single payment of money, as opposed to a series of payments made over time (such as an annuity).
The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development distinguishes between "price analysis" and "cost analysis" by whether the decision maker compares lump sum amounts, or subjects contract prices to an itemized cost breakdown.
In 1911, American union leaders including Samuel Gompers of the American Federation of Labor expressed opposition to lump sums being awarded to their members pursuant to a new workers compensation law by saying that when they received lump sums rather than periodic payments, the risk of them squandering the money was greater.
The Financial Times reported in July 2011 that research by Prudential had found that 79% of polled pensioners in the UK collecting a company or private pension that year took a tax-free lump sum as part of their retirement benefits, as compared to 76% in 2008. Prudential was of the view that for many retirees, a lump sum at the time of retirement was the most tax efficient option. However, Prudential's head of business development, Vince Smith Hughes, said that "some pensioners are beginning to regret the way they used the tax-free cash. The days of buying a shiny new car or going on a once-in-a-lifetime holiday may be gone."
# Handball at the 2007 SEA Games

Handball at the 2007 Southeast Asian Games took place at the Nimibutr Gymnasium at the National Sport Complex, Bangkok, Thailand.

## Medal table

* Host nation (Thailand)
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Thailand* | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 2 | Vietnam | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 3 | Malaysia | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Totals (3 entries) | Totals (3 entries) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 |

## Medalists

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men | Thailand (THA) Anek Sombunjit Athippatai Rattanawan Chainarong Srisong Chakkit Photsa-at Chumphon Chaiwut Kaewmanee Boonlee Kaveewat Phachuen Lapat Chutan Nattawut Choosongdet Samarn Sae-lee Sanit Iamphuchuai Sarawut Rungruangnara Sompop Banditpiboon Tanakorn Ekchiaochan Taworn Sae-tae Watcharin Lertnok | Vietnam (VIE) Lam Vu Trung Le Dinh Hoang Le Thanh Son Nguyen Ba Anh Nguyen Duy Toan Nguyen Thai Hoa Nguyen Thanh Tung Nguyen Van Bien Nguyen Van Tuyen Nguyen Van Ty Pham Duc Vuong Ta Quoc Viet To Ha Tri To Huu Thang Tran Duc Khiem Tu Thanh Quang | Malaysia (MAS) Cheo Jun Hou Foo Chia Chin Jailani Abrahman Koh Chan Seng Kong Chee Onn Lau Hai Wei Lee Kua Haow Ler Thiam Huat Liang Gin Hua Raymond Tan Teh Hup Heng Toh Yip Fatt Yap Woon Wai Yaw Wai Luen Yeong Sze Hey Yong Chee Fah |
| Women | Thailand (THA) Areerat Pinitmontree Busarakam Sriruksa Chamaiporn Camjun Duanjai Thaohom Jatuporn Phonsen Jitthita Sipak Keeratika Lokam Nantiya Chawdorn Nattha Suphasanan Niramon Kramsum Nuaijan Supaphan Pattarasiri Thanawat Preeyanut Bureeruk Soonyakan Panyim Supannee Vilasang Taweeporn Meephian | Vietnam (VIE) Chau Ngoc Thuy Dung Doan Thi Phuong My Huynh Thi Kim My Luong Thanh Vang Ma Vu Phuc Hanh Nguyen Minh Thang Nguyen Ngoc Mai Nguyen Phuong Thao Nguyen Thi Huyen Trang Nguyen Thi Kim Thu Nguyen Thi Thuy Trang Nguyen Thi Xuong Ta Ma Quyen Truong Hong Ngoc Truong To Loi Vo Ngoc Hieu | Malaysia (MAS) Hasuna Noor Azhar Krystle Lim Siow Vee Nadimah Arnani Norizan Natrah Shaheadza Zainal Noor Afiza Azlina Hamzah Norazlin Nasir Norhabsah Noah Norzila Yusof Nur Harneena Daud Nur Sakinah Dalip Sabrina Zakaria Salawati Jafar Salmi Hamzah Siti Khadijah Ismail Tuty Noor Asiken Rani Zalina Yasin Samad |
# Lawn bowls at the 2007 SEA Games

Lawn bowls at the 2007 Southeast Asian Games was held in the lawn bowls stadium in Queen Sirikit Sport Centre, Pathum Thani, Thailand.

## Medalists
### Men

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Singles | Haji Naim Brahim Brunei | Chia Tee Chiak Singapore | Safuan Said Malaysia |
| Pairs | Malaysia Azim Azami Ariffin Mohd Amir Mohd Yusof | Thailand Chaithai Kanchanakaphan Tanakrit Thamasarn | Brunei Md Salleh Awang Hitam Mohd Israt |
| Triples | Malaysia Fairul Izwan Abd Muin Azwan Shuhaimi Zulhilmie Redzuan | Thailand Tanongsak Klinsorn Sakprasert Mitsaha Winai Niklum | Philippines Angelo Morales Emmanuel Portacio Hommer Mercado |

### Women

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Singles | Songsin Tsao Thailand | Siti Zalina Ahmad Malaysia | Rosita Bradborn Philippines |
| Pairs | Malaysia Azlina Arshad Emma Firyana Saroji | Philippines Nancy Bercasio Sonia Bruce | Thailand Arpa Phonghanyudh Buranwut Thonguaan |
| Triples | Malaysia Maisarah Aminludin Nur Fidrah Noh Nor Hashimah Ismail | Thailand Thong Oomen Orawan Sodok Saengjan Wareeram | Philippines Ainie Knight Milagros Witheridge Ronalyn Greenlees |
# Shoushin

Shoushin is a Japanese restaurant in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The restaurant serves sushi and has received a Michelin star. Jackie Lin is the owner and head chef.

## Recognition
### Canada's 100 Best Restaurants Ranking

Shoushin :
| Year | Rank | Change |
| 2017 | 85 | new |
| 2018 | 73 | 12 |
| 2019 | 67 | 6 |
| 2020 | 87 | 20 |
| 2021 | No List | No List |
| 2022 | 19 | 68 |
| 2023 | 40 | 21 |
| 2024 | No Rank | No Rank |
# XHBC-FM

XHBC-FM is a radio station in Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, Mexico, broadcasting on 95.1 MHz FM.

## History
### XEBC callsign

XEBC was the former call sign of a border-blaster radio station licensed to the Tijuana / Rosarito area of Baja California, Mexico. The original XEBC, which launched in the early 1930s, was the first "border blaster" station in the Tijuana area.

### In Ciudad Guzmán

The XEBC callsign returned to the air in December 1948, when Radio Ciudad Guzmán, S.A., was awarded the concession for XEBC-AM 990, serving Ciudad Guzmán with 1,000 watts day and 100 watts night. Radio Armonía became the concessionaire in 1972 and was awarded the FM combo station in 1994.
In 2016, XEBC-XHBC, along with XHIS-FM 106.3, was bought by Grupo Radiofónico ZER; ownership of the concessionaire Radio Armonía, which had been held by Guadalajara-based Unidifusión, was transferred entirely to Rodrigo Rodríguez Reyes and Josefina Reyes Sahagún. The result was a new name and brand for the station.
On March 11, 2019, Grupo Radiofónico ZER surrendered the AM frequency to the IFT, citing high costs of operation.
# Eleni Zafeiriou

Eleni Zafeiriou (Greek: Ελένη Ζαφειρίου; 1916 – 2 September 2004) was a Greek film actress. She appeared in 108 films between 1951 and 1996. She was born in Larissa, Greece, and died in Athens.

## Filmography
### In film

* Bitter Bread (1951)
* Dead City (1951)
* I Agni tou limaniou (1951)
* Madame X (1954) - Rosa
* A girl in black (1956) - Froso
* I kafetzou (1956) - Anna Giavassi
* The Aunt from Chicago (1957) Efterpi Barda
* A Matter of Dignity (1957)
* The Lake of Thinking (1958)
* Zalongo, to kasto tis lefterias (1959) - Javelaina
* Romance Stories (1959) - Smaragdi
* I limni ton stenagmon (1959) - Vagia
* Stratiotes dichos stoli (1960) - Martha
* The Downhill (1961) - Elisavet Nikolaou
* Law 4000 (1962) - Anna Ikonomou
* Glory Sky (1962)
* Anisicha niata (1963) - Lena
* Despoinis diefnytis (1964) - Loukia Samiotaki
* Egoism (1964) - Maria
* The First Love (1964)
* I gymni taxiarchia (1965) - Sofia
* Me pono kai dakrya (1965) - Maria
* Perifrona me glykia mou (1965) - Despoina
* Kardia mou papse na ponas (1965) - as Theia
* Jenny Jenny (Jenny-Jenny) (1966) - Matina Skoutari
* Dokimassia (1955) - Eleni Moraitou
* O anthropos pou gyrise apo ton pono (1966) - Irini Liossi
* The Windy House (1966) - Nina Iordanidou
* Kapote klaine lai oi dynatoi (1967) - Angeliki
* The Husband from London (1967) - Eleni
* Ta dolaria tis Aspasias (1967) - Aspasia
* I archontissa kai o alitis (1968) - a mother
* Afti pou de lygise (1968) - Maria
* Tapeinos kai katafronemenos (1968) - Maria Kanava
* Xerizomeni genia (1968) - Fani Karatzoglou
* I kardia enos aliti (1968) - Katerina Sarri
* Wake Up, Vassilis (1969) - Antigoni Vassilaki
* The Last Goodbye (1969)
* Gia tin timi kai ton erota (1969) - Klada
* Enas andras me syneidisi (1969) - Tasia
* I odysseia enos xerizomenou (1969) - Fani Karatzoglou
* Ftochogeitonia agapi mou (1969) - Riga, grandma
* The Refugee (1959) - Despoina Skoutari
* Esena monon agapo (1970) - mitera
* Ipolochagos Natassa (1970) - a mother of Natassa
* Astrapogiannos (1970) - Zachari
* Men Know How to Love (1970) - Amalia
* Agapissa enan aliti (1971)
* Pros tin eleftheria (1996)

## In television

* Dona Rosita (1984)
* The Third Crown (1995, ANT1)
* The Colour of the Moon (1996–97, ANT1)
# Salamfone

Salamfone, a subsidiary of Kuwait’s Reach Telecom, was the world's first Syariah compliant mobile network. The Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO) operated using the Maxis 2G network. Salamfone closed down its business on 1 August 2013.

## Services and coverage

The prepaid starter pack was priced at RM8.50 with RM5 airtime. Voice calls are charged RM0.20/min(normal rate is 25sen/min) to all network nationwide & each SMS cost 10sen. Data is pay-per-use and it is charged 10sen/10kb.
Some of the services provided by Salamfone:
* Infaq-One sen will be donated by Salamfone every time a customer calls another Salamfone customer
* Talian Hidayah – dedicated Islamic helpline
* Islamic Auspicious Days reminder and bonus
* Free inspiring religious SMS
* Islamic tunes – Nasyid and Islamic RBT
* Subscription Islamic Value Added Services
* Reload transfer
Salamfone was planned to be aggressively marketed at Kedah, Perlis, Terengganu and Kelantan as these locations have the highest concentration of Muslim residents in Malaysia. The service will be primarily targeted to those in the age group of 17 to 55.

## Developments

Salamfone, which received shariah certification in 2010, banned a number of things such as pornographic pictures sent and received through their lines.

## Termination

In late-July 2013, during the final weeks of the Ramadan holy month, and with Hari Raya Aidilfitri around the corner, Salamfone users began to experience a series of service disruptions. It was later known that Salamfone was in the process of settling certain disputes with its host network Maxis. After a series of disagreements between Salamfone and Maxis, it was later decided that Maxis will terminate Salamfone's services and hence, Salamfone was forcibly shut down.
On August 1, Subscribers were given the option to migrate to a different service provider. Existing Salamfone subscribers with unused credits had the choice to either request a refund or transfer their unused credits to "XOX," another MVNO (Mobile Virtual Network Operator) operator, in order to continue their services there.
# Heptose

A heptose is a monosaccharide with seven carbon atoms.
They have either an aldehyde functional group in position 1 (aldoheptoses) or a ketone functional group in position 2, 3 or 4 (ketoheptoses). Ketoheptoses have 4 chiral centers, whereas aldoheptoses have 5.

## Examples

There are few examples of seven-carbon sugars in nature, among which are:
* sedoheptulose or D-altro-heptulose (a ketose), an intermediate in the Calvin cycle and in lipid A biosynthesis
* mannoheptulose (a ketose), found in avocadoes
* L-glycero-D-manno-heptose (an aldose), a late intermediate in lipid A biosynthesis.

## Structural role

The production of heptose is conserved across gram-negative bacteria. In the form of L-glycero-D-mannose-heptose, heptose is a key component in the secondary membrane of gram-negative bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria, in addition to having a cell wall, are also encapsulated by a membrane composed of lipopolysaccharides. These lipopolysaccharides comprise an endotoxin that acts as an immune system agonist and elicits strong responses. This toxin, known as lipid A, consists of a core of one to three heptose molecules. The 7-carbon heptose molecules are essential for stability in the lipopolysaccharide membrane, forming an interconnected network utilizing divalent cations.

## Role in cell signaling

Heptose, in the form of heptose 1-7-bisphosphate, has been found to be one of the components responsible for the pathogenic nature of gram negative bacteria. In the bacterium biosynthesis pathway, heptose is phosphorylated to heptose 1-7-bisphosphate. In addition, like other sugars, heptose may exist in either the alpha anomer or the beta anomer. Before synthetic production of heptose-bisphosphate (HBP) for studies, cytosolic HBP was thought to influence NF-kB, a transcription factor in mammalian cells. Along with producing the first synthetic version of HBP, it was shown that the beta form of the heptose acts as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) and activates the NF-kB signaling pathway. A PAMP is a specific structure, component, or molecule that triggers the immune response after recognition by pattern recognition receptors on mammalian cells.