# Rudolf Pflanz

Rudolf Pflanz (1 July 1914 – 31 July 1942) was a German Luftwaffe fighter pilot and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II. Pflanz claimed 52 aerial victories, all of them over the Western Front.

## Early life and career

Pflanz was born in July 1914 in Ichenheim, present-day part of Neuried, at the time in Grand Duchy of Baden of the German Empire. He joined the Luftwaffe in 1935 and by 1938 was serving with Jagdgeschwader 131 (JG 131—131st Fighter Wing), which on 1 May 1939 was redesignated Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen" (JG 2—2nd Fighter Wing).

## World War II

World War II in Europe had begun on Friday 1 September 1939 when German forces invaded Poland. Pflanz claimed his first aerial victory on 30 April 1940 during the early Phoney War period over a Potez 63 northwest of Merzig. At the time, Pflanz was serving with 3. Staffel (3rd squadron) of JG 2 which was commanded by Hauptmann Henning Strümpell. The Staffel was subordinated to I. Gruppe (1st group) of JG 2, based in Bassenheim and headed by Hauptmann Jürgen Roth.
During the Battle of Britain, Pflanz was wingman to Major Helmut Wick in the Stab (headquarters unit) of I. Gruppe of JG 2 and later with the Geschwaderstab of JG 2. On 28 November 1940, Pflanz probably shot down Royal Air Force (RAF) ace Flight Lieutenant John Dundas of No. 609 Squadron just after Dundas had shot down and killed Wick. By the end of 1940 Pflanz had eight victories.
On 23 July 1941 Pflanz claimed five Supermarine Spitfire fighters and a Hawker Hurricane shot down, and consequently claimed "ace-in-a-day" status. JG 2 claimed 29 RAF fighters that day with a further 10 credited to JG 26. Actual RAF losses amounted to 15 aircraft suggesting a high degree of over-claiming.
After recording his 20th victory he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) on 1 August 1941. He received the award from Feldmarschall (Field Marschal) Hugo Sperrle with fellow JG 2 "Richthofen" pilots Leutnant Egon Mayer and Oberleutnant Erich Leie on that day. The triple award presentation was recorded by the Deutsche Wochenschau (German Weekly Review), a newsreel series released in the cinemas.
On 5 October 1941, Oberleutnant Ulrich Adrian, the Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 1. Staffel of JG 2 was killed in action. In consequence, Pflanz was appointed Staffelkapitän of 1. Staffel in November.
Oberleutnant Pflanz was appointed Staffelkapitän of 11. Staffel of JG 2 in May 1942, a special high-altitude unit equipped with the Bf 109G-1 fitted with pressurized cockpits. On 5 June he claimed three Spitfires downed over the Somme. On 31 July 1942, Pflanz was shot down and killed in action in his Messerschmitt Bf 109 G-1 (Werknummer 10318—factory number) south of Moncheaux. He was succeeded by Oberleutnant Julius Meimberg as commander of 11. Staffel. His victor may have been Sergeant William P. Kelly, an American pilot with the No. 121 (Eagle) Squadron. Pflanz is buried in the Bourdon German war cemetery, on the Somme.

## Summary of career
### Aerial victory claims

Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces – Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 52 aerial victory claimsall of which claimed on the Western Front.
Chronicle of aerial victories :
| This and the ♠ (Ace of spades) indicates those aerial victories which made Pflanz an "ace-in-a-day", a term which designates a fighter pilot who has shot down five or more airplanes in a single day.  This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock, Mathews and Foreman. ||||||||||
| Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location | Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location |
| – 3. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen" – "Phoney War" — 1 September 1939 – 9 May 1940 ||||||||||
| 1 | 30 April 1940 | 19:20 | Potez 63 | northwest of Merzig | | | | | |
| – 3. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen" – At the Channel and over England — 26 June – September 1940 ||||||||||
| 2 | 11 August 1940 | 11:38 | Hurricane | 25 km (16 mi) off the Isle of Portland | 3 | 5 September 1940 | 16:10 | Spitfire | |
| – Stab I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen" – At the Channel and over England — September 1940 – 21 June 1941 ||||||||||
| 4 | 27 September 1940 | 13:08 | Spitfire | | 5 | 30 September 1940 | 12:40 | Spitfire | |
| – Stab of Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen" – At the Channel and over England — October 1940 – 21 June 1941 ||||||||||
| 6 | 29 October 1940 | 15:30 | Hurricane | Portsmouth | 8 | 28 November 1940 | 17:18 | Spitfire | south of the Isle of Wight |
| 7 | 29 October 1940 | 15:25 | Hurricane | south of Portsmouth | | | | | |
| – Stab of Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen" – Western Front — 22 June – November 1941 ||||||||||
| 9 | 22 June 1941 | 16:09 | Spitfire | Saint-Omer-Gravelines | 18♠ | 23 July 1941 | 20:42 | Spitfire | Hesdin-Berck |
| 10 | 25 June 1941 | 12:55 | Spitfire | vicinity of Boulogne-sur-Mer | 19♠ | 23 July 1941 | 20:46 | Spitfire? | 20 km (12 mi) southwest of Berck |
| 11 | 3 July 1941 | 11:50 | Spitfire | | 20 | 19 August 1941 | 12:20? | Spitfire | over sea, north of Gravelines |
| 12 | 10 July 1941 | 12:37 | Spitfire | | 21 | 19 August 1941 | 12:24 | Spitfire | north of Gravelines |
| 13 | 22 July 1941 | 14:01 | Spitfire | Hesdin | 22 | 20 September 1941 | 16:40 | Spitfire | |
| 14♠ | 23 July 1941 | 13:20 | Spitfire | | 23 | 21 September 1941 | 16:40 | Spitfire | 15 km (9.3 mi) east-southeast of Dover |
| 15♠ | 23 July 1941 | 13:27 | Spitfire | vicinity of Forest of Éperlecques | 24 | 21 September 1941 | 16:45 | Spitfire | 15 km (9.3 mi) east of Dover |
| 16♠ | 23 July 1941 | 13:29 | Spitfire | vicinity of Forest of Éperlecques | 25 | 13 October 1941 | 15:36 | Spitfire | 50 km (31 mi) west of Étaples |
| 17♠ | 23 July 1941 | 20:38 | Spitfire | west of Hesdin | 26 | 26 October 1941 | 13:09 | Spitfire | |
| – 1. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen" – Western Front — 1 January – 30 June 1942 ||||||||||
| 27 | 12 February 1942 | 15:37 | Spitfire | | 38 | 19 May 1942 | 20:54 | Spitfire | |
| 28 | 12 February 1942 | 15:39 | Spitfire | | 39 | 24 May 1942 | 19:16 | Spitfire | |
| 29 | 14 April 1942 | 12:52 | Spitfire | vicinity of Caen | 40 | 24 May 1942 | 19:24 | P-40 | |
| 30 | 15 April 1942 | 14:32 | Spitfire | | 41 | 31 May 1942 | 19:42 | Spitfire | |
| 31 | 15 April 1942 | 19:25 | Spitfire | | 42 | 2 June 1942 | 11:01 | Spitfire | Dieppe-Le Tréport |
| 32 | 25 April 1942 | 11:17 | Hurricane | | 43 | 2 June 1942 | 17:55 | Spitfire | Dieppe-Le Tréport |
| 33 | 28 April 1942 | 11:36 | Spitfire | Gravelines | 44 | 3 June 1942 | 16:49 | Spitfire | vicinity of Le Havre |
| 34 | 28 April 1942 | 11:36? | Spitfire | Gravelines | 45 | 5 June 1942 | 15:38 | Spitfire | Baie de Somme-Abbeville |
| 35 | 1 May 1942 | 19:33 | Spitfire | | 46 | 5 June 1942 | 15:45 | Spitfire | 10 km (6.2 mi) north-northeast of Le Tréport |
| 36 | 4 May 1942 | 19:38 | Spitfire | | 47 | 5 June 1942 | 15:46 | Spitfire | Baie de Somme-Abbeville |
| 37 | 17 May 1942 | 14:03 | Spitfire | | 48 | 11 June 1942 | 18:31? | Spitfire | |
| – 11. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen" – Western Front — 1–31 July 1942 ||||||||||
| 49 | 26 July 1942 | 13:42 | Spitfire | | 51 | 30 July 1942 | 19:32 | Spitfire | |
| 50 | 26 July 1942 | 13:43 | Spitfire | | 52 | 31 July 1942 | 15:02 | Spitfire | 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Berck |

### Awards

* Iron Cross (1939)
** 2nd Class (5 May 1940)
** 1st Class (16 September 1940)
* Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe (24 July 1941)
* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 1 August 1941 as Oberleutnant and pilot 1./Jagdgeschwader 2
* German Cross in Gold on 16 July 1942 as Oberleutnant in the I./Jagdgeschwader 2