OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Arrondissement of Ambert

The arrondissement of Ambert is an arrondissement of France in the Puy-de-Dôme department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. It has 58 communes. Its population is 27,571 (2021), and its area is 1,229.8 km$^2$ (474.8 sq mi).

## Composition

The communes of the arrondissement of Ambert, and their INSEE codes, are:
* Aix-la-Fayette (63002)
* Ambert (63003)
* Arlanc (63010)
* Auzelles (63023)
* Baffie (63027)
* Bertignat (63037)
* Beurières (63039)
* Brousse (63056)
* Le Brugeron (63057)
* Ceilloux (63065)
* Chambon-sur-Dolore (63076)
* Champétières (63081)
* La Chapelle-Agnon (63086)
* La Chaulme (63104)
* Chaumont-le-Bourg (63105)
* Condat-lès-Montboissier (63119)
* Cunlhat (63132)
* Domaize (63136)
* Doranges (63137)
* Dore-l'Église (63139)
* Échandelys (63142)
* Églisolles (63147)
* Fayet-Ronaye (63158)
* La Forie (63161)
* Fournols (63162)
* Grandrif (63173)
* Grandval (63174)
* Job (63179)
* Marat (63207)
* Marsac-en-Livradois (63211)
* Mayres (63218)
* Medeyrolles (63221)
* Le Monestier (63230)
* Novacelles (63256)
* Olliergues (63258)
* Saillant (63309)
* Saint-Alyre-d'Arlanc (63312)
* Saint-Amant-Roche-Savine (63314)
* Saint-Anthème (63319)
* Saint-Bonnet-le-Bourg (63323)
* Saint-Bonnet-le-Chastel (63324)
* Saint-Clément-de-Valorgue (63331)
* Sainte-Catherine (63328)
* Saint-Éloy-la-Glacière (63337)
* Saint-Ferréol-des-Côtes (63341)
* Saint-Germain-l'Herm (63353)
* Saint-Gervais-sous-Meymont (63355)
* Saint-Just (63371)
* Saint-Martin-des-Olmes (63374)
* Saint-Pierre-la-Bourlhonne (63384)
* Saint-Romain (63394)
* Saint-Sauveur-la-Sagne (63398)
* Sauvessanges (63412)
* Thiolières (63431)
* Tours-sur-Meymont (63434)
* Valcivières (63441)
* Vertolaye (63454)
* Viverols (63465)

## History

The arrondissement of Ambert was created in 1800, disbanded in 1926 and restored in 1942. At the January 2017 reorganisation of the arrondissements of Puy-de-Dôme, it gained three communes from the arrondissement of Clermont-Ferrand.
As a result of the reorganisation of the cantons of France which came into effect in 2015, the borders of the cantons are no longer related to the borders of the arrondissements. The cantons of the arrondissement of Ambert were, as of January 2015:
* Ambert
* Arlanc
* Cunlhat
* Olliergues
* Saint-Amant-Roche-Savine
* Saint-Anthème
* Saint-Germain-l'Herm
* Viverols
# Dhoke Ajri

Dhoke Ajri is a village in Chakwal District, Punjab, Pakistan. It is about 20 km from Chakwal city on the Chowa Syden Shah Road. It is part of Jaswal Union Council.
Dhoke Ajri has basic amenities such as gas, electricity, telephones, roads, and primary schools for boys and girls.
# J. Everett Prewitt

James Everett Prewitt (born November 12, 1942) is an American novelist and former Army officer who served in the Vietnam War.

## Novels

Prewitt's debut novel, Snake Walkers, won the Bronze award in the General Fiction category of ForeWord Magazine's Book of the Year Award. In 2006, Snake Walkers was also honored by the Black Caucus of the American Library Association. It won First Place for Fiction at the Los Angeles Black Book Expo in March 2005 and 2nd place at the Independent Book Awards held in New York City in 2005. Snake Walkers also won first place in the USA Best Book Awards 2005.
Prewitt's second novel, A Long Way Back, was published in 2015. It received the Seal of Approval from Literary Classics, and was also a finalist for the Montaigne Award, and the INDIEFAB Book of the Year Award. A Long Way Back won the Independent Publishers of New England first place award, the Silver Award from Literary Classics, and the Silver Award from the Military Writers Society of America (MWSA).
The second edition of Prewitt's third novel, Something About Ann, was published January 2024. The first edition won the 2018 Eric Hoffer da Vinci Eye Finalist The second edition was a finalist in the 2024 International Book Awards and a finalist in the 2024 Independent Author Network.

## Education

Prewitt received his bachelor's degree from Lincoln University in Pennsylvania and a master's degree from Cleveland State University. He was awarded the title of distinguished alumni from both schools.
# Germanium-tin

Germanium-tin is an alloy of the elements germanium and tin, both located in group 14 of the periodic table. It is only thermodynamically stable under a small composition range. Despite this limitation, it has useful properties for band gap and strain engineering of silicon-integrated optoelectronic and microelectronic semiconductor devices.

## Synthesis

Germanium-tin alloys must be kinetically stabilized in order to prevent decomposition. Therefore, low temperature molecular beam epitaxy or chemical vapor deposition techniques are typically used for their synthesis.

## Microelectronic applications

Germanium-tin alloys have higher carrier mobilities than either silicon or germanium. Therefore, it has been proposed that they can be used as a channel material in high speed metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors. In addition, the alloys' larger lattice constant relative to germanium makes it possible to use them as stressors to enhance the carrier mobility of germanium channel transistors.

## Optoelectronic applications

At a Sn content beyond approximately 9%, germanium-tin alloys become direct gap semiconductors having efficient light emission suitable for the fabrication of lasers. Since the constituent elements are chemically compatible with silicon, it is possible to integrate such lasers directly onto silicon microelectronic devices, enabling on-chip optical communication. This is still an active research area, but germanium-tin lasers operating at low temperatures have already been demonstrated. In addition, germanium-tin light emitting diodes operating at room temperature have also been reported.
# 2021 Nur-Sultan Challenger – Doubles

There were no defending champions as the last edition of the tournament was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Denys Molchanov and Aleksandr Nedovyesov won the title after defeating Nathan Pasha and Max Schnur 6–4, 6–4 in the final.

## Seeds

* Denys Molchanov / Aleksandr Nedovyesov (champions)
* Nathan Pasha / Max Schnur (final)
* Julian Lenz / Roberto Quiroz (semifinals)
* Peter Polansky / Brayden Schnur (quarterfinals)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking
| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | D Molchanov A Nedovyesov | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | Sagadat Ayap Danil Ozernoy | 3 | 1 | | 1 | D Molchanov A Nedovyesov | w/o | | | | | | | | | | |
| | G Lomakin V Manafov | 6 | 2 | [6] | | P Kotov T-l Wu | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | P Kotov T-l Wu | 3 | 6 | [10] | | | | | 1 | D Molchanov A Nedovyesov | 4 | 6 | [10] | | | | |
| 3 | J Lenz R Quiroz | 6 | 7$^{10}$ | | | | | | 3 | J Lenz R Quiroz | 6 | 3 | [4] | | | | |
| | I Nedelko R Peniston | 2 | 6$^8$ | | 3 | J Lenz R Quiroz | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | M Marterer B Rola | 4 | 4 | | | H Grenier A Müller | 4 | 3 | | | | | | | | | |
| | H Grenier A Müller | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | D Molchanov A Nedovyesov | 6 | 6 |
| | F Ferreira Silva T Macháč | 6 | 5 | [7] | | | | | | | | | | 2 | N Pasha M Schnur | 4 | 4 |
| | D Istomin D Yevseyev | 3 | 7 | [10] | | D Istomin D Yevseyev | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | T Skatov Dostanbek Tashbulatov | 2 | 1 | | 4 | P Polansky B Schnur | 0 | 3 | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | P Polansky B Schnur | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | D Istomin D Yevseyev | 6 | 1 | [9] | | | | |
| | A Metreveli D Popko | 6 | 6 | | | | | | 2 | N Pasha M Schnur | 4 | 6 | [11] | | | | |
| WC | Yan Bondarevskiy Dominik Palán | 3 | 4 | | | A Metreveli D Popko | 5 | 6$^5$ | | | | | | | | | |
| Alt | B Bobrov A Zakharov | 3 | 6$^3$ | | 2 | N Pasha M Schnur | 7 | 7$^7$ | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | N Pasha M Schnur | 6 | 7$^7$ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Ion C. Marinescu

Ion C. Marinescu (November 10, 1886 – January 15, 1956) was a Romanian lawyer, politician and industrialist.
Born in Bucharest, Marinescu graduated from the law faculty at the University of Bucharest. He was vice president of the General Union of Industrialists in Romania [ro] and headed the Concordia petroleum company. In 1922 he commissioned architect Paul Smărăndescu [ro] to design and build an apartment building with two floors and a mansard roof on Tudor Arghezi Street, in Bucharest.
Marinescu was Minister of National Economy under Ion Antonescu from May 26, 1941, to August 14, 1942, and also served as Minister of Finance from April 8 to September 25, 1942. On August 14, 1942, he became Minister of Justice, serving in that position until King Michael's Coup of August 23, 1944. Arrested in October, he was charged with contributing to Romania's attack on the Soviet Union via his submissive policy towards Nazi Germany. Tried during the Post-World War II Romanian war crime trials, he was sentenced to twenty years at hard labor on May 17, 1946. He spent time at the prisons in Jilava and Aiud, where he died nearly a decade later.
In November 1941, Marinescu was awarded the Order of the Crown of Romania, Grand Cross class.
# Lists of tallest buildings in India

This list of tallest buildings in different cities in India enumerates the tallest buildings of every big city in India based on official height. This includes spires and architectural details but does not include antenna masts. There are currently more than 200 skyscrapers in India and most of them are in Mumbai, New Delhi (with the NCR; Gurgaon and Noida) and Kolkata. The era of skyscrapers in India began with the completion of the LIC Building in Chennai in 1959. With 12 floors initially, it was the first high-rise building in the country. Currently, Palais Royale, located in Mumbai is the tallest under construction (topped out) skyscraper in the country, with a height of 320 metres (1,050 ft) with 88 floors. Lokhandwala Minerva — also located in Mumbai — is the tallest completed building in the country, with a height of 301 metres (988 ft) with 78 floors.

## Ahmedabad

* List of tallest buildings in Ahmedabad

## Bengaluru (Bangalore)

* List of tallest buildings in Bengaluru

## Chennai

* List of tallest buildings in Chennai

## New Delhi

* List of tallest buildings in Delhi NCR

## Gurgaon (Gurugram)

* List of tallest buildings in Gurgaon

## Hyderabad

* List of tallest buildings in Hyderabad

## Kochi (Cochin)

* List of tallest buildings in Kochi

## Kolkata

* List of tallest buildings in Kolkata

## Mangalore

* List of tallest buildings in Mangalore

## Mumbai

* List of tallest buildings in Mumbai

## Navi Mumbai

* List of tallest buildings in Navi Mumbai

## Panvel

* List of tallest buildings in Panvel

## Pune

* List of tallest buildings in Pune
# Schott NYC

Schott NYC (Schott Bros) is an American clothing manufacturing company which was founded in 1913 by brothers Irving and Jack Schott - the sons of a Russian immigrant. They opened their store on East Broadway, on the lower East side of New York City. Schott NYC was the first company to put a zipper on a jacket and they created the classic Perfecto motorcycle jacket, which was made popular by films such as The Wild One (1953). The company made clothing for the United States Armed Forces during World War II and later also for American law enforcement. Schott NYC is still owned by the Schott family and still manufacture much of their clothing in the United States.

## The Perfecto motorcycle jacket

Schott NYC is perhaps most well known for their Perfecto motorcycle jackets. In 1928 Irving Schott designed and produced the first ever leather motorcycle jacket, he named it the "Perfecto" after his favorite cigar. The jackets were made out of horsehide, had a belted front, D-pocket, flap change pocket, zippered sleeve cuffs and shoulder epaulettes. This classic motorcycle jacket was a double-breasted design which meant that the left front panel ( with the left side of the main zipper on the front edge ) overlaps the right front panel ( which has the other side of the zipper located a couple of inches in ). This creates a windproof seal while riding, when zipped up.
In the late 1940s a new design was introduced - the 613. It was nicknamed "the One Star" because it had metal 'nailhead' star studs on each shoulder epaulette. In the early 1950s another version of the jacket was introduced - the 618. The 618 had no stars on the shoulder epaulettes. Stores that carried the jackets often had problems with people stealing the stars of the 613 so the 618 became more commercially viable. Marlon Brando wore a 618 in the movie The Wild One (1953), the stars on his jacket were not original but added to the jacket. There has been no word on where this jacket is today. Because of the film, which was the first outlaw biker movie, the black motorcycle jacket became synonymous with bad attitude and was banned from many American schools during the 1950s.
U.S. seminal punk rock band The Ramones wore Schott Perfecto leather jackets as part of their distinctive uniform look. Japanese rock band Guitar Wolf have their own 613 Perfecto design called 613GW.

## Other classic jacket designs

During World War II Schott NYC (being one of several contractors) manufactured the wool naval pea coat for the US Navy. These classic designs are still manufactured by Schott NYC today. Another classic jacket design manufactured by the company is the Café racer leather motorcycle jacket. Café racer jackets are single rider jackets that have a stand ( Mandarin ) collar. Peter Fonda wore a Café racer style jacket in the movie Easy Rider (1969).
# 2024 Chennai Open Challenger

The 2024 Chennai Open Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the fourth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Chennai, India between 5 and 11 February 2024.

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| ITA | Luca Nardi | 114 | 1 |
| IND | Sumit Nagal | 121 | 2 |
| CZE | Dalibor Svrčina | 194 | 3 |
| FRA | Ugo Blanchet | 214 | 4 |
| ITA | Stefano Napolitano | 216 | 5 |
| ESP | Oriol Roca Batalla | 217 | 6 |
| TUN | Aziz Dougaz | 219 | 7 |
| TPE | Hsu Yu-hsiou | 230 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of 29 January 2024.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Nikoloz Basilashvili
* Ramkumar Ramanathan
* Mukund Sasikumar
The following players received entry into the singles main draw as alternates:
* Akira Santillan
* Samuel Vincent Ruggeri
* Arthur Weber
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Bogdan Bobrov
* S D Prajwal Dev
* Jonáš Forejtek
* Olaf Pieczkowski
* Eric Vanshelboim
* Alexey Zakharov

## Champions
### Singles

* Sumit Nagal def. Luca Nardi 6–1, 6–4.

### Doubles

* Saketh Myneni / Ramkumar Ramanathan def. Rithvik Choudary Bollipalli / Niki Kaliyanda Poonacha 3–6, 6–3, [10–5].
# Chekrovolü Swüro

Chekrovolü Swüro (born 21 November 1982) is an Indian archer from Nagaland. She represented India in archery in the 2002 Asian Games and 2006 Asian Games held at Busan, South Korea, and Doha, Qatar, respectively. She was a member of the silver medal-winning team in the 2011 World Archery Championships, held at Turin, Italy. By winning a silver medal in the team event at the 2011 World Archery Championships in Turin, she qualified for the 2012 Summer Olympics in both women's individual and team archery.

## Personal life

Swüro lives in Chümoukedima, Nagaland. She serves as Deputy Superintendent of Police (DSP) in the Nagaland Armed Police (NAP). Her elder sister, Vesüzolü S. Vadeo, was a former national archer. She has been competing at the international level for more than a decade, during which she has won many medals. Swüro represented India at the 2012 London Olympic Games. She is the second Naga athlete to participate in the Olympics after a gap of 64 years.

## Awards and recognition

* Arjuna Award: 2013
* Dr. T. Ao Award: 2012

## Career in Archery

2001 12th Asian Archery Championship Hong Kong; Indv. Qtr Final 2002 2nd Asian Archery Championship, China; Indv. Qtr Final 2002 14th Asian Games, Busan, Korea; Indv. Qtr Final 2003 13th Asian Archery Championship, Myanmar; Team 2005 World Archery Championship Madrid, Spain; Team 2005 Asian Archery Championship New Delhi, India; Team Bronze 2006 Commonwealth Archery Champ. Jamshedpur, India; Team Gold 2006 Asian Games, Doha, Qatar; Participated 2007 15th Asian Archery Championship, China; Team Bronze 2007 World Cup Stage IV, Dover, Great Britain; Team Bronze 2007 World Archery Championship, Dover, Great Britain; Participated 2009 16th Asian Archery Championship, Bali, Indonesia, Team 4th Position 2011 World Cup Stage 2, Antalya, Turkey; Team Bronze 2011 World Archery Championship, Turin, Italy; Team Silver 2011 World cup Stage 3, Turin, Italy; Team Silver 2012 Summer Olympics in both women's individual and team archery; Participated
# Sheila Vaughan

Sheila Mary Vaughan (later Irving and Maher, 9 March 1942 – 23 April 2022) was an English amateur golfer. She had a successful junior career and won the Girls Amateur Championship in 1959. She had some success at the senior level in early 1960s, twice reaching the semi-finals of the English Women's Amateur Championship. She played in the Curtis Cup twice, in 1962 and 1964.

## Golf career

In 1955, Vaughan, aged 13, reached the semi-finals of the Girls Amateur Championship at Beaconsfield, losing to Alison Gardner. She reached the semi-finals again in 1957 at North Berwick, losing to Brigitte Varangot, and reached the quarter-finals in 1956 and 1958. In 1959 at Woolaton Park, she won the championship, beating Julia Greenhalgh in the final by one hole. She represented England in the annual England–Scotland girls match each year from 1956 to 1959.
In 1960 Vaughan made her debut for England in the Women's Home Internationals and for Great Britain & Ireland in the 1961 Vagliano Trophy. She reached the semi-finals of the English Women's Amateur Championship in 1962 and 1963, losing to Angela Bonallack both times, by the same score 2&1. Vaughan was selected for the 1962 Curtis Cup in Colorado. The British lost heavily winning just one of the nine 36-hole matches. Vaughan lost both her matches. In 1963, she played In the Commonwealth Trophy in Australia, which the British team won. During the trip she won the New Zealand Junior Ladies’ Stroke Play Championship. Vaughan was selected for the 1964 Curtis Cup at Royal Porthcawl, the first to have 18-hole matches. She was only chosen for the foursomes matches. playing with Ruth Porter. They won their match on the first day and halved on the final day. The contest was much closer that in 1962 with the teams level at the start of the final round of singles matches.

## Personal life

Vaughan married Dr. Anthony Irving in September 1964 and Joe Maher in March 1971. She was a radiographer by profession.

## Team appearances

* Curtis Cup (representing Great Britain & Ireland): 1962, 1964
* Vagliano Trophy (representing Great Britain & Ireland): 1961 (winners), 1965
* Commonwealth Trophy (representing Great Britain): 1963 (winners)
* Women's Home Internationals (representing England): 1960 (winners), 1961, 1962, 1963 (winners), 1964 (winners)
* England–Scotland girls match (representing England): 1956 (winners), 1957 (winners), 1958 (winners), 1959 (winners)
# Espen Hoff

Espen Hoff (born 20 November 1981) is a retired Norwegian professional footballer, born in Larvik. He is primarily a winger, but may also play as an attacking midfielder, whilst at Lyn he occasionally featured on the left wing. With 406 top division appearances, Hoff has made the sixth-highest number of appearances in Eliteserien.

## Club career

Espen Hoff was signed from Odd Grenland before the start of the 2006 season in Norway. As a junior, he played for Larvik Turn, before moving to Skien and Odd Grenland in 1999.
At Odd Grenland, he scored 37 goals in 155 league matches, and additional 20 goals in 30 Norwegian Cup games. He also appeared in 6 European Cup games, without netting. He won the Norwegian Cup with Odd Grenland in 2000.
He signed for Tippeligaen Champions Stabæk in 2008 and from 2009 onwards he was a Stabæk player. He joined Start in 2010.

## International career

Espen Hoff has been capped twice for his national side, making his début in a friendly against Bahrain on 25 January 2005. He was capped 27 times for the Norwegian U-21 team, scoring 3 goals.

## Career statistics

| Season | Club | Division | League | League | Cup | Cup | Total | Total |
| Season | Club | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| 1999 | Odd Grenland | Tippeligaen | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 1 |
| 2000 | Odd Grenland | Tippeligaen | 23 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 28 | 10 |
| 2001 | Odd Grenland | Tippeligaen | 25 | 8 | 5 | 2 | 30 | 10 |
| 2002 | Odd Grenland | Tippeligaen | 25 | 6 | 7 | 4 | 32 | 10 |
| 2003 | Odd Grenland | Tippeligaen | 24 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 27 | 9 |
| 2004 | Odd Grenland | Tippeligaen | 26 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 28 | 7 |
| 2005 | Odd Grenland | Tippeligaen | 24 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 28 | 9 |
| 2006 | Lyn | Tippeligaen | 21 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 22 | 8 |
| 2007 | Lyn | Tippeligaen | 23 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 26 | 8 |
| 2008 | Lyn | Tippeligaen | 23 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 28 | 15 |
| 2009 | Stabæk | Tippeligaen | 28 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 32 | 1 |
| 2010 | Stabæk | Tippeligaen | 18 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 21 | 9 |
| 2010 | Start | Tippeligaen | 11 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 3 |
| 2011 | Start | Tippeligaen | 29 | 11 | 5 | 3 | 34 | 14 |
| 2012 | Start | Adeccoligaen | 21 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 24 | 8 |
| 2013 | Start | Tippeligaen | 29 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 32 | 7 |
| 2014 | Start | Tippeligaen | 28 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 30 | 7 |
| 2015 | Start | Tippeligaen | 26 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 27 | 4 |
| 2016 | Start | Tippeligaen | 16 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 1 |
| Career Total | Career Total | Career Total | 427 | 102 | 57 | 40 | 484 | 142 |

## Honours

Odd Grenland
* Norwegian Cup: 2000