OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Stanford, Kent

Stanford is a village and civil parish in Kent, England. It is part of the Folkestone and Hythe district.
The village developed along the ancient Roman Stone Street and was divided by the construction of the M20 motorway into Stanford North and Stanford South. Stanford Windmill and parish church of All Saints are in the village.
The parish includes the hamlet of Westenhanger. Folkestone Racecourse was located here; during World War II it served as the RAF Westenhanger airfield, and eventually closed for redevelopment in December 2012. Westenhanger Castle is adjacent to the racecourse. In 2023 the local authority granted planning permission for 8,500 homes at the Otterpool Park site which extends from Westenhanger station to the edges of Sellindge and Lympne.

## Transport

Westenhanger railway station serves the parish on the Ashford to Dover line, as well as local buses to Hythe.
# Randall Reed

Randall Reed (born c. 1967) is a United States Air Force general who has served as the commander of United States Transportation Command since 4 October 2024. He most recently served as the deputy commander of Air Mobility Command from 2022 to 2024. He previously commanded the Third Air Force at Ramstein Air Base from 2020 to 2022.

## Air Force career

Randall Reed graduated from the United States Air Force Academy with a degree in human factors engineering in 1989, and was commissioned into the United States Air Force. He attended pilot training at Laughlin AFB, and became a C-141 Starlifter pilot. In 1998, he transitioned to flying the KC-135 Stratotanker. He commanded the 55th Air Refueling Squadron, the 379th Expeditionary Operations Group, and the 521st Air Mobility Operations Wing. In 2020, he assumed command of the Third Air Force at Ramstein Air Base from Major General John Wood
In April 2022, Reed was nominated for promotion to lieutenant general and appointment as deputy commander of Air Mobility Command.
In July 2024, Reed was nominated for promotion to general and assignment as commander of the United States Transportation Command.

## Dates of promotion

| Rank | Date |
| General | 3 October 2024 |
| Lieutenant general | 3 June 2022 |
| Major general | 2 October 2018 |
| Brigadier general | 12 August 2015 |
| Colonel | 1 September 2010 |
| Lieutenant colonel | 1 September 2005 |
| Major | 1 September 2000 |
| Captain | 31 May 1993 |
| First lieutenant | 31 May 1991 |
| Second lieutenant | 31 May 1989 |
# Tang-e Gojestan

Tang-e Gojestan (Persian: تنگ گجستان, also Romanized as Tang-e Gojestān) is a village in Poshtkuh-e Rostam Rural District, Sorna District, Rostam County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 106, in 23 families.
# Doug Adams (television producer)

Doug Adams is an American television producer for NBC Nightly News with Brian Williams.
He graduated from Bucknell University, in 1988.

## Awards

* 2004 Gerald Loeb Award for Television Short Form business journalism for "The Jobless Recovery"
* 2006 Gerald Loeb Award for Television Deadline business journalism for "The Katrina Deadline"
* Edward R. Murrow Award
* 2008 Emmy Award Breaking News Story Long Form, for NBC News Decision 2008 Election Night
* RTNDF German Fellowship
# Denise Rutkowski

Denise Lynn Rutkowski is an American former professional female bodybuilder.

## Bodybuilding career

Her professional bodybuilding career was brief, and ended shortly after finishing 2nd in the Ms. Olympia contest in 1993. Her sudden retirement shocked the sport, as she was seen as an easy contender for the Ms. Olympia in 1994.

### Contest history

* 1988 NPC South Texas - 1st (MW)
* 1988 NPC Spring City Classic - 1st (HW)
* 1990 NPC Steel Rose - 1st
* 1990 World Gym Classic - 1st
* 1991 NPC Orange County Muscle Classic - 1st (HW & overall)
* 1991 NPC California State Championships - 1st (HW & overall)
* 1992 NPC Nationals - 3rd
* 1993 NPC USA Championships - 1st (HW & overall)
* 1993 IFBB Jan Tana Classic - 1st
* 1993 IFBB Ms. Olympia - 2nd

## Personal life

During her bodybuilding career she arrived in San Diego, CA in 1989 from Texas and lived at Mission Beach while training at Gold's Gym Pacific Beach. She lived in San Diego until 1991, when she won the Orange County Muscle Classic and California State Championships, and thereafter moved to Venice, CA to train at Gold's Gym, Venice Beach, California, and had an interest in improving the quality of life for underprivileged children in the neighborhood. She spent time traveling with youth from Venice, California to WWF shows, Disneyland, and sporting events.
In 1994, she went back home to Fort Worth, Texas and she entered Calvary Cathedral International Bible College for two years. By 1996, Rutkowski was going around the country spreading the word of God at various religious revivals. In 2001, Rutkowski started training again, and returned to a better physical condition.

### Television appearance

In 1994, she had a brief appearance on the show Dream On, in the episode "Blinded by the Cheese".
# Loop jump

The loop jump is an edge jump in the sport of figure skating. The skater executes it by taking off from the back outside edge of the skating foot, turning one or more rotations in the air, and landing on the back outside edge of the same foot. It is often performed as the second jump in a combination.

## History

The loop jump was created by German figure skater Werner Rittberger, and is often called the Rittberger in Europe. According to U.S. Figure Skating, the loop jump is "the most fundamental of all the jumps". According to writer Ellyn Kestnbaum, the jump also gets its name from the shape the blade would leave on the ice if the skater performed the rotation without leaving the ice. In competitions, the base value of the single loop jump is 0.50; the base value of a double loop is 1.70; the base value of a triple loop is 4.90; the base value of a quadruple loop is 10.50, and the base value of a quintuple loop is 14.

### Firsts

| Abbr. | Jump element | Skater | Nation | Event |
| 3Lo | Triple loop (men's) | Dick Button | United States | 1952 Winter Olympics |
| 3Lo | Triple loop (women's) | Gabriele Seyfert | East Germany | 1968 skating competition |
| 4Lo | Quadruple loop (men's) | Yuzuru Hanyu | Japan | 2016 CS Autumn Classic International |
| 4Lo | Quadruple loop (women's) | n/a | n/a | none ratified |

## Execution

The loop jump is an edge jump. The skater executes it by taking off from the back outside edge of the skating foot, turning one or more rotations in the air, and landing on the back outside edge of the same foot. Atlantic Monthly, in its description of all jumps, states, "An easy way to remember this jump is that it's basically a toe loop without the assist of the toe pick". The jump is usually approached directly from back crossovers, which allows the skater to establish their upper body position while gliding backwards on their right outside edge before springing into the air. The loop is more difficult than the toe loop and salchow because the free leg is already crossed at takeoff, so the rotation is begun from the edge of the skating foot and the upper body. The coordination and weight shift does not need to be exact while performing the loop, so many skaters consider it an easier jump than the flip and Lutz. It is often performed as the second jump in a combination because it takes off from the same edge as "the standard jump landing". Kestnbaum states, "The fact that the free leg remains in front makes both controlling the landing of the first jump and generating the lift and rotation for the second more difficult than when a toe loop is used as the second jump". A loop jump is considered incorrectly done if the takeoff is two-footed, meaning that the free foot does not leave the ice before the takeoff.

## Gallery

* Evgenia Medvedeva begins to set up a loop jump
* Nella Pelkonen bends her knees in preparation to jump
* Regina Schermann begins to take off from the ice
* Alessia Tornaghi landing

## Footnotes

* ↑ Not performed yet by women in international competition. Done in a domestic tournament by Adeliia Petrosian in 2021.
# Yang Zhe

Yang Zhe (born 14 July 1991) is a Chinese weightlifter. He competed for men's 105 kg weightlifting at Guangzhou Asia 2010 and won the gold medal. He also won the gold medal in 2014 Asian Games. He competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the Men's 105 kg.

## Major results

| Year | Venue | Weight | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Total | Rank |
| Year | Venue | Weight | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | Total | Rank |
| Olympic Games |||||||||||||
| 2016 | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 105 kg | 190 | 195 | 197 | 4 | 220 | 225 | 227 | 3 | 415 | 4 |
| World Championships |||||||||||||
| 2014 | Almaty, Kazakhstan | 105 kg | 186 | 191 | 193 | | 220 | 220 | 223 | 6 | 411 | 4 |
| 2018 | Ashgabat, Turkmenistan | 109 kg | 186 | 191 | 196 | | 215 | 220 | 223 | 4 | 419 | |
| 2019 | Pattaya, Thailand | 109 kg | 187 | 192 | 197 | | 217 | 223 | 227 | 5 | 420 | |
# David I. Steinberg

David Isaac Steinberg (November 26, 1928 – December 5, 2024) was an American historian and U.S. Foreign Service officer. Holding the title of Distinguished Professor of Asian Studies at Georgetown University, Steinberg specialised in Myanmar, the Korean Peninsula, Southeast Asia, and U.S. policy in Asia.
Steinberg was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1928. He was a prolific author with 14 books and over 150 articles and book chapters to his name, in addition to approximately 300 op-eds. He received degrees from Dartmouth College, Lingnan University, Harvard University, and the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London.
As a member of the Senior Foreign Service at the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) within the Department of State, Steinberg served as the Director for Technical Assistance in Asia and the Middle East. He also held the position of Director for Philippines, Thailand, and Burma Affairs. During his time with USAID, he spent three years in Thailand at the Regional Development Office. Prior to his tenure at Georgetown, he held positions as a Representative of the Asia Foundation in Korea, Hong Kong, Burma, and Washington, D.C. Additionally, he served as the Distinguished Professor of Korean Studies at Georgetown University and as the President of the Mansfield Center for Pacific Affairs.
Steinberg died in Bethesda, Maryland on December 5, 2024, at the age of 96.

## Books

* Burma/Myanmar: What Everyone Needs to Know. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.
* Turmoil in Burma; Contested Legitimacies in Myanmar. New York: Eastbridge, 2006.
* Stone Mirror. Reflections on Contemporary Korea. New York: Eastbridge, 2002.
* Burma: The State of Myanmar. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University, 2001.
* The Future of Burma. Crisis and Choice in Myanmar. Asia Agenda Report #14. New York: The Asia Society & University Press of America, 1990.
* Crisis in Burma: Stasis and Change in a Policial Economy in Turmoil. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University, 1989.
* The Republic of Korea. Economic Transformation and Social Change. Boulder: Westview Press, 1989.
* On Foreign Aid and the Development of the Republic of Korea, The Effectiveness of Concessional Assistance. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, 1985.
* Irrigation and AID's Experience: A Consideration Based on Evaluations. Washington, D.C.: A.I.D. Program Evaluation Report #8, 1983.
* Burma. A Socialist Nation of Southeast Asia. Boulder: Westview Press, 1982.
* The Economic Development of Korea: Sui Generis or Generic?. Washington, D.C.: A.I.D. Special Study #6, 1982.
* Burma's Road Toward Development: Growth and Ideology Under Military Rule. Boulder: Westview Press, 1981.
* Korea: Nexus of East Asia. An Inquiry into Contemporary Korea in Historical Perspective. New York: American-Asian Educational Exchange, 1968.
* In This Earth and In That Wind: This is Korea. Seoul: Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch, 1967
# Camp Bidwell

Camp Bidwell, later Camp Chico, was a U.S. Army post during the American Civil War. Camp Bidwell was named for John Bidwell, the founder of the nearby town of Chico, California, and a brigadier general of the California Militia. It was established a mile outside Chico, by Lt. Col. Ambrose E. Hooker with Company A, 6th California Infantry, on August 26, 1863. Although a Company F, 2nd California Cavalry and Company K, 2nd California Infantry under Captain Augustus W. Starr had been there from July 31, 1863, Lt. Col. Hooker moved the camp to a new location for its better defense and for better sanitation.
By early 1865, it was being referred to as Camp Chico when a post called Camp Bidwell was established in the far northeastern corner of California, later to be named Fort Bidwell. Observing confusion between the two, Robert W. Pease explained that such a transfer of name between outposts was a common Army practice of the time.

## Commanders

* Lt. Colonel Ambrose E. Hooker, August 26, 1863 – October 20, 1863
* Captain Augustus W. Starr, October 20, 1863 – April 1864
* Captain James C. Doughty, June 1864 – May 1865

## Garrison

* Company F, 2nd California Cavalry, July 1863 – April 1864
* Company K, 2nd California Infantry, August 16, 1863 – October 26, 1863
* Company A, 6th California Infantry, August 26, 1863 – October 20, 1863
* Company B, 1st Battalion California Volunteer Mountaineers, May 1864?
* Company I, 2nd California Cavalry, June 1864 – May 1865
# Ferdinand Leenhoff

Ferdinand Karel Adolf Constantijn Leenhoff (24 May 1841 – 25 April 1914) was a Dutch painter and sculptor.

## Life

He was born in Zaltbommel to Carolus Antonius Leenhoff (1807–1878), a carillonneur and music professor, and Martina Adriana Johanna Ilcken (1807–1876). Around 1847, Ferdinand, his mother and some of his siblings moved to Paris to live with Ferdinand's grandmother. There he was pupil of Alphonse François. There his sister Suzanne met and later married the painter Édouard Manet, in the centre of whose Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe (1863) Leenhoff appears.
Leenhoff studied under Joseph Mezzara in Paris, with Mezzara later marrying Leenhoff's sister Mathilde. He later returned to the Netherlands and from 1890 to 1899 taught at Amsterdam's Rijksakademie van beeldende kunsten, before dying in Nice in 1914.

## Selected works

* Paris, cimetière de Passy : Bust of Édouard Manet, bronze, on the painter's grave.
* Amsterdam, Thorbeckeplein : Monument to Johan Rudolf Thorbecke, 1876.
* Hoorn : Monument to Jan Pieterszoon Coen, 1887.
* Utrecht, Domplein, in front of the Academiegebouw [nl] : Monument to Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands, 1892.
* Works by Ferdinand Leenhoff
* Monument to Johan Rudolf Thorbecke (1876), Thorbeckeplein, Amsterdam
* Monument to Jan Pieterszoon Coen (1887), Hoorn.
* Bust of Édouard Manet, cimetière de Passy, Paris
# Diana Dennis

Diana Dennis (born July 21, 1951) is a former professional female bodybuilder from the United States.

## Biography

Dennis began competing in local contests in 1981. Her earliest success was in mixed pairs competition (where couples do synchronized posing routines to chosen music), with partner Kevin Lawrence. They won several titles, including the 1985 IFBB World Amateur competition. Dennis earned her pro card by winning the overall title at the 1985 NPC Nationals. She then established herself as one of the top professional competitors by finishing third in the Ms. Olympia later that year. She competed in a total of nine Ms. Olympia contests, finishing outside the top ten only once. As a pro, Dennis won the 1986 Los Angeles Pro Championship and the 1989 Pro World Championship. She was inducted into the IFBB Hall of Fame in 2001.
Dennis is retired from official competition, but still continues to train.

## Contest history

* 1981 The Shrine Amateur Grand Prix - 4th
* 1982 Saddleback Valley Muscle Classic - 1st (HW)
* 1982 California Muscle Classic - 1st (HW & overall)
* 1983 California Championships - 4th (HW)
* 1983 National Bodybuilding Fair Mixed Pairs - 2nd
* 1983 AFWB American Championships - 6th (HW)
* 1983 AFWB American Mixed Pairs - 1st
* 1983 NPC National Championships - 1st (HW)
* 1984 Orange County Muscle Classic - 1st (HW & overall)
* 1984 IFBB Pro-Am Mixed Pairs - 4th
* 1984 NPC USA Championship - 2nd (HW)
* 1984 NPC Nationals - 2nd (HW)
* 1985 IFBB Pro-Am Mixed Pairs - 4th
* 1985 NPC Nationals - 1st (HW & overall)
* 1985 IFBB World Amateur Mixed Pairs - 1st
* 1985 IFBB Ms. Olympia - 3rd
* 1986 IFBB Pro World Championship - 2nd
* 1986 IFBB Pro-Am Mixed Pairs - 2nd
* 1986 Los Angeles Pro Championship - 1st
* 1986 IFBB Ms. Olympia - 4th
* 1987 IFBB Pro World Championship - 4th
* 1987 IFBB Ms. Olympia - 8th
* 1989 IFBB Pro World Championship - 1st
* 1989 USA vs. USSR Invitational - 2nd
* 1989 IFBB Ms. Olympia - 7th
* 1990 IFBB Ms. Olympia - 7th
* 1991 IFBB Ms. Olympia - 6th
* 1992 IFBB Ms. Olympia - 5th
* 1993 IFBB Ms. Olympia - 15th
* 1994 IFBB Ms. Olympia - 10th
# Public Entity Risk Institute

The Public Entity Risk Institute (PERI) is a nonprofit organization that serves as a resource to enhance the practice of risk management throughout organizations and communities.

## About

PERI provides public entities, small businesses, and nonprofit organizations with enterprise risk management information, training, data, and data analysis. PERI’s goal, as stated on their website, is to be a leader and resource in the field of risk management.
PERI’s stated objectives are to:
- Raise our constituents’ awareness and understanding that managing their organizations’ risk on an enterprise-wide basis is a critical component of success; - Provide practical, affordable, and easily accessible enterprise risk management education and training resources to help PERI constituents effectively manage risk on an enterprise-wide and community-wide basis; - Serve as a resource center and information clearinghouse;
The Public Entity Risk Institute is headquartered in Fairfax, Virginia. PERI is a not-for-profit, tax-exempt organization. PERI is not a membership organization.
# Messassa

Messassa is a commune in the Taounate Province of the Taza-Al Hoceima-Taounate administrative region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 9497 people living in 1476 households.
# Spider Fighter

Spider Fighter is a fixed shooter designed by Larry Miller for the Atari 2600 and published by Activision in 1982. The game is a re-themed version of the arcade video game Stratovox. The object of Spider Fighter is to protect an orchard containing fruit—grapes, strawberries, oranges, and bananas—from four kinds of bugs.
According to the manual, Miller was "the newest addition to the Activision design team." He went on to create the Atari 2600 racing game Enduro for Activision, released in 1983.

## Gameplay

In each level, the player protects three pieces of fruit using a blaster that moves horizontally along the bottom of the screen. The joystick button fires a shot upward toward four types of attackers. Each level contains a set number of "master nests": enemies which can grab a piece of fruit and drag it off the left side of the screen. A nest drops the fruit when shot. The game ends if all fruit has been stolen or all of the blasters are destroyed. The type of fruit varies per level: grapes, strawberries, oranges, and bananas.
There is an option to have the shots move horizontally with the blaster after being fired, allowing them to be steered.
At the time of release, anyone who sent a photo showing a score of 40,000 or more points received a patch for the Activision "Spider Fighters".

## Reception

Spider Fighter was not as successful as Activision's other fixed shooter released earlier the same year, Megamania.
Electronic Fun with Computers & Games gave the game 3 out 4 joysticks in the May 1983 issue. A June 1983 Electronic Games review was more critical, claiming it a "keen disappointment" and a "mediocre title from a superior game company." Joystik took the middle road, calling it "a better than average bottom-shoot game that somehow looks like it should be more difficult than it is."
In a retrospective look, Digital Press described it as "much like the coin-op game Stratovox but w/o the voice". Writing for AtariHQ, Keita Iida said "2600 players who are familiar with Activision's usual efforts (which are exceptional overall) might feel a bit let down by Spider Fighter."
# Northern Outfall Sewer

The Northern Outfall Sewer (NOS) is a major gravity sewer which runs from Wick Lane in Hackney to the Beckton Sewage Treatment Works in east London. Most of it was designed by Joseph Bazalgette, as a result of an outbreak of cholera in 1853 and the "Great Stink" of 1858.
Prior to the work, drains in central London were built primarily to cope with rain water, but the growing use of flush toilets frequently meant that they became overloaded, causing sewage and industrial effluent to flow into the River Thames. Bazalgette's London sewerage system project included the construction of intercepting sewers north and south of the Thames. The Southern Outfall Sewer network diverts flows away from the Thames south of the river.
In total, five interceptor sewers were constructed north of the Thames. Three were built by Bazalgette, and two were added 30 years later:
* The northernmost (Northern High Level Sewer) begins on Hampstead Hill and is routed past Kentish Town and Stoke Newington and under Victoria Park to the start of the Northern Outfall Sewer at Wick Lane.
* Two middle level sewers serve parts of central London and also join the Northern Outfall Sewer at Wick Lane:
** One begins close to Kilburn and runs along Edgware Road, Euston Road and past King's Cross, through Islington to Wick Lane.
** The other runs from Kensal Green, under Bayswater and along Oxford Street, then via Clerkenwell and Bethnal Green to Wick Lane.
* Two low-level sewers stretch from west London:
** One starts from near Ravenscourt Park, passes under Hammersmith and Kensington, Piccadilly, the Strand, Aldwych, the City and Aldgate to Abbey Mills Sewage Pumping Station.
** The second begins in Hammersmith, crosses under Fulham and then runs along the King's Road and Cheyne Walk from where it becomes an integral part of the Thames Embankment. Western Sewage Pumping Station near Chelsea Bridge helps maintain the necessary gravity flow, taking sewage on along Millbank, the Victoria Embankment and Tower Hill, then north-east under Whitechapel, Stepney and Bow to Abbey Mills.
The flows from the two low-level sewers are raised by some 40 feet (12 m) into the Northern Outfall Sewer at Abbey Mills Pumping Station, to join the flows from the High and Middle Level sewers.
The remaining sections of the NOS carry the sewage from Abbey Mills to the treatment plant at Beckton. The creation of the NOS was a massive undertaking, and involved the construction of huge embankments and several bridges.
Today, the eastern end of the Northern Outfall Sewer, running some 4+1⁄2 miles (7 km) from Wick Lane to Beckton, has been landscaped to form a public footpath/cycleway called The Greenway, with access points along its length.