# Luanping County

Luanping County (simplified Chinese: 滦平县; traditional Chinese: 灤平縣; pinyin: Luánpíng Xiàn) is a county of northeastern Hebei Province, with the Great Wall of China demarcating its border with Miyun District, Beijing to the southwest. It is under the administration of Chengde City, and as of 2020, has a population of 268,647 residing in an area of 3,195 km$^2$ (1,234 sq mi). The G45 Daqing–Guangzhou Expressway, China National Highways 101 and 112, and the Beijing–Tongliao Railway pass through the county. Other bordering county-level divisions are Fengning County to the northwest, Longhua County to the north, Chengde's core districts of Shuangqiao District and Shuangluan District to the east, and Chengde County to the southeast.

## Administrative divisions

The county administers 1 subdistrict, 10 towns, 2 townships, and 8 ethnic townships.
The county's only subdistrict is Zhongxing Road Subdistrict [zh].
| Towns: Luanping [zh] Changshanyu [zh] Hongqi [zh] Jingoutun [zh] Hushiha [zh] Bakeshiying [zh] Zhangbaiwan [zh] Fuyingzi [zh] Datun [zh] Huodoushan [zh] | Townships: Liangjianfang Township [zh] Laowa Township [zh] Ethnic Townships: Pingfang Manchu Ethnic Township [zh] Anchungoumen Manchu Ethnic Township [zh] Xiaoying Manchu Ethnic Township [zh] Xigou Manchu Ethnic Township [zh] Dengchang Manchu Ethnic Township [zh] Wudaoyingzi Manchu Ethnic Township [zh] Mayingzi Manchu Ethnic Township [zh] Fujiadian Manchu Ethnic Township [zh] |

## Climate

Climate data for Luanping, elevation 529 m (1,736 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 10.8 (51.4) | 17.6 (63.7) | 25.4 (77.7) | 31.5 (88.7) | 37.2 (99.0) | 37.4 (99.3) | 38.0 (100.4) | 37.2 (99.0) | 35.6 (96.1) | 29.2 (84.6) | 19.9 (67.8) | 14.4 (57.9) | 38.0 (100.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −1.8 (28.8) | 2.4 (36.3) | 9.5 (49.1) | 17.9 (64.2) | 24.3 (75.7) | 27.9 (82.2) | 29.2 (84.6) | 28.2 (82.8) | 23.6 (74.5) | 16.3 (61.3) | 6.6 (43.9) | −0.7 (30.7) | 15.3 (59.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −10.0 (14.0) | −5.7 (21.7) | 2.1 (35.8) | 10.7 (51.3) | 17.1 (62.8) | 21.1 (70.0) | 23.3 (73.9) | 21.9 (71.4) | 16.1 (61.0) | 8.6 (47.5) | −0.7 (30.7) | −8.4 (16.9) | 8.0 (46.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −16.3 (2.7) | −12.3 (9.9) | −4.9 (23.2) | 3.3 (37.9) | 9.4 (48.9) | 14.7 (58.5) | 18.3 (64.9) | 16.8 (62.2) | 10.1 (50.2) | 2.1 (35.8) | −6.5 (20.3) | −14.1 (6.6) | 1.7 (35.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −28.2 (−18.8) | −25.3 (−13.5) | −21.8 (−7.2) | −9.0 (15.8) | −1.7 (28.9) | 4.5 (40.1) | 9.4 (48.9) | 7.1 (44.8) | −1.3 (29.7) | −11.9 (10.6) | −22.7 (−8.9) | −24.4 (−11.9) | −28.2 (−18.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2.0 (0.08) | 4.2 (0.17) | 11.2 (0.44) | 23.6 (0.93) | 55.3 (2.18) | 80.7 (3.18) | 143.2 (5.64) | 104.0 (4.09) | 52.3 (2.06) | 33.5 (1.32) | 12.8 (0.50) | 3.0 (0.12) | 525.8 (20.71) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.1 | 2.4 | 3.6 | 5.0 | 8.4 | 12.9 | 14.5 | 12.1 | 9.0 | 5.5 | 3.4 | 2.2 | 81.1 |
| Average snowy days | 3.3 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 17.6 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 53 | 48 | 43 | 43 | 49 | 63 | 75 | 77 | 72 | 63 | 59 | 56 | 58 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 204.6 | 203.8 | 242.3 | 250.1 | 273.6 | 234.7 | 210.9 | 225.6 | 220.0 | 213.2 | 187.7 | 188.9 | 2,655.4 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 68 | 67 | 65 | 62 | 61 | 52 | 46 | 53 | 60 | 63 | 64 | 66 | 61 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||

## History

In the early 15th century, the Yongle Emperor forced all residents of the Luanping area to move to within the city walls, leaving the countryside uninhabited. In the early Qing dynasty, the Kangxi Emperor ordered the now long uninhabited area to be redeveloped, with the new residents all speaking Old Chinese, the predecessor of modern Standard Chinese. Simultaneously, Luanping became a stop for officials travelling between Beijing and the Chengde Mountain Resort, which contributed to residents speaking the accent of government officials.
Standard Chinese is based on the accent of Luanping residents, which is a variety of Beijing dialect. Luanping accent was chosen for its more straightforward pronunciation compared to the Beijing accent and because Beijing accent diverged further from its classical form.