OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# AT-hook

The AT-hook is a DNA-binding motif present in many proteins, including the high mobility group (HMG) proteins, DNA-binding proteins from plants and hBRG1 protein, a central ATPase of the human switching/sucrose non-fermenting (SWI/SNF) remodeling complex.

## Structure

This motif consists of a conserved, palindromic, core sequence of proline-arginine-glycine-arginine-proline, although some AT-hooks contain only a single proline in the core sequence. AT-hooks also include a variable number of positively charged lysine and arginine residues on either side of the core sequence. The AT-hook binds to the minor groove of adenine-thymine (AT) rich DNA, hence the AT in the name. The rest of the name derives from a predicted asparagine/aspartate "hook" in the earliest AT-hooks reported in 1990. In 1997 structural studies using NMR determined that a DNA-bound AT-hook adopted a crescent or hook shape around the minor groove of a target DNA strand (pictured at right). HMGA proteins contain three AT-hooks, although some proteins contain as many as 30. The optimal binding sequences for AT-hook proteins are repeats of the form (ATAA)$_n$ or (TATT)$_n$, although the optimal binding sequences for the core sequence of the AT-hook are AAAT and AATT.
The DNA dodecamer has eight consecutive AT base pairs, allowing the AT-hook to be positioned in several positions, with the preferred position being at one of the AATT regions to fully occupy the minor groove. Van der Waals interactions of the AT-hook with the adenines play an important role for the specificity of the position. Van der Waals interactions of the AT-hook with the adenines play an important role for the specificity of the position.
The figure shows the position of the main chain to allow hydrogen bonds with the minor groove thymine oxygen atoms. The interactions shown, caused the DNA to bend, extending the minor groove. The distorted DNA causes the complementary major groove to form interactions between the side chains.

## Function

AT-hook proteins can form hydrogen bonds between NH groups of Gly37 and Arg38 on the main-chain and thymine oxygen atoms in the minor groove, which bends the DNA and widens the minor groove. The binding to the minor groove facilitates binding of other proteins in the major groove. That enables HMG proteins to regular expression of genes and influence biological processes.
The AT-hooks have also been proposed to anchor chromatin-modifying proteins to AT-rich DNA sequences through their association with chromatin remodeling, histone modifications, and chromatin insulator function.

## Clinical significance

Alterations or abnormal expression of the HMG proteins have led to metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cancer.
# Moschognathus

Moschognathus is an extinct genus of dinocephalian therapsid in the family Tapinocephalidae. The genus includes only the type species M. whaitsi, named by palaeontologist Robert Broom in 1914. It was a short-snouted tapinocephalid, closely related to and resembling the well-known genus Moschops, but its skull is less thickened overall has a relatively longer and shallower snout by comparison. Indeed, Moschognathus has typically been regarded as a junior synonym of Moschops (e.g. by King, 1988 and Atayman et al., 2009) since 1969 after Lieuwe Dirk Boonstra sunk Moschognathus into Moschops, albeit retained as its own doubtfully valid species. However, researchers in the 21st century have expressed doubt over this synonymy and suggested that Moschognathus is a distinct taxon after all, including first by Christian Kammerer in a 2009 Ph.D. thesis and formally in 2015 by Alessandra D. S. Boos and colleagues (including Kammerer) in 2015. Moschognathus has since began to re-enter scientific literature of dinocephalians as a valid name and treated distinct from Moschops.
The holotype specimen, AMNH FARB 5602, is a partial skeleton including the upper jaw tips, mandibles, vertebrae (including a complete cervical series from the neck), ribs, and the right pelvis and femur. In addition to the holotype specimen, a complete skull and mandibles have tentatively been assigned to Moschognathus. This specimen, AM 4950, was initially identified as a juvenile Anteosaurus prior to preparation, but was subsequently identified as a subadult Moschops by Julien Benoit and colleagues in 2016 and again in 2017. This skull was argued to belong instead to Moschognathus in a Ph.D. thesis by Saniye Neumann, and this proposal was formally adopted in subsequent literature.

## Palaeobiology

A palaeopathological juvenile specimen of M. whaitsi has been found suggesting that juveniles of the species engaged in play fighting.
# Old Washoe Club

The Old Washoe Club (also known as simply Washoe Club) is a three-story brick structure in Virginia City, Nevada, USA, located in the Virginia City Historic District. The first story is currently occupied by commercial properties while the upper stories are unoccupied at this time. The building is an un-reinforced masonry building and, as such, has several deficiencies relative to its ability to resist seismic events. The building can be accessed through the main entrance on C Street. The Washoe Club was featured on Ghost Hunters.
# Clinton Panther

Clinton Panther (born 13 February 1991, in Port Elizabeth) is a South African field hockey player. At the 2012 Summer Olympics he competed with the national team in the men's tournament. He also represented South Africa at the 2014 and 2018 Commonwealth Games.

## Personal life

His brother, Brandon, has also represented South Africa internationally in hockey. He studied finance at the University of Johannesburg and won Gauteng Sportsman of the Year in 2014.
# Jan Kvíčala

Jan Kvíčala (1868 – 11 February 1939) was a Czech chess master.
He lived and played chess tournaments and matches in Prague. He won in 1891 (the 3rd Congress of the Bohemian Chess Association), lost a match to Oldřich Duras (4 : 5) in 1902, took 2nd behind Duras in 1906, took 18th in the Prague 1908 chess tournament (Duras and Carl Schlechter won), beat Karel Hromádka (3 : 1) in 1909, and took 2nd, behind Duras, in 1910.
Jan Kvíčala won against Wilhelm Cohn (1.5 : 0.5) in a friendly match Berlin vs. Prague in 1913.
# FC Borgo

Football Club Borgo is a French football club based in Borgo, Haute-Corse on the island of Corsica. The club was founded in July 2017 by the merger of CA Bastia and Borgo FC. As of the 2024–25 season, Borgo competes in the Championnat National 3.

## History

Upon its creation in 2017, the team began playing in the Championnat National 2, the fourth tier of the French football league system. In the 2018–19 season, the team won promotion as runner-up in its group, one point behind Nantes' reserve team who were ineligible to rise any higher. The team finished in the final relegation place of the 2021–22 Championnat National season, but were reprieved from relegation due to the Direction Nationale du Contrôle de Gestion decision to relegate FC Sète 34.
On 23 July 2022, FC Bastia-Borgo changed its name to FC Borgo ahead of the 2022–23 season.

## Crest

* Crest of FC Bastia-Borgo (2017–2022)
# Phyllochoreia

Phyllochoreia is a genus of grasshopper endemic to the Western Ghats of India and Sri Lanka. It is in the family Chorotypidae of the superfamily Eumastacoidea.
The genus comprises four species:
* Phyllochoreia equa Burr, 1899
* Phyllochoreia ramakrishnai Bolívar, 1914
* Phyllochoreia unicolor Westwood, 1839
* Phyllochoreia westwoodi Bolívar, 1930
The Phyllochoria westwoodi Bolívar is designated as a holotype and belongs to the category of a female specimen. It was collected from Coonoor in the Nilgiri district, Tamil Nadu, India, located in the tropical region of Asia within the Indian Subcontinent. The holotype is housed at the Natural History Museum in London (BMNH).
The type specimen of Phyllochoria ramakrishnai Bolívar is a holotype categorized as male. It was collected from Kollur Ghat, located in Udupi District, Karnataka, India. The specimen is preserved in the T. V. Ramakrishna Aiyer collection. Within India, its distribution also includes Kerala. This species was named by Bolívar in 1914 after the Indian entomologist T. V. Ramakrishna Ayyar.
The type specimen of Phyllochoria unicolour Westwood is a holotype categorized as female. It originates from the Malabar Region in Kerala, India. The specimen is preserved at the University Museum of Natural History in Oxford, United Kingdom.
# Borhan ol Din

Borhan ol Din (Persian: برهان الدين) is a village in, and the capital of, Badr Rural District of the Central District of Ravansar County, Kermanshah province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 249 in 53 households. The following census in 2011 counted 236 people in 64 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 193 people in 63 households.
# Governor of Kharkiv Oblast

The governor of Kharkiv Oblast (Ukrainian: Голова Харківської обласної державної адміністрації) is the head of the executive branch for the Kharkiv Oblast.
The office of governor is an appointed position, with officeholders being appointed by the president of Ukraine, on recommendation from the Prime Minister of Ukraine, to serve a four-year term. On 24 December 2021 Oleh Synyehubov was appointed governor of Kharkiv Oblast.
The official residence for the governor is located in Kharkiv.

## Governors
### Chairman of Executive Committee of Kharkiv Oblast

* Vasyl Kuzmenko (1932–1933)
* Illya Shelekhes (1933–1934)
* Ivan Fedyayev (1934–1935)
* Grygoriy Pryadchenko (1935–1937)
* ? (1937–1938)
* Grygoriy Butenko (1938–1940)
* Petro Svynarenko (1940–1942)
* Nazi German occupation (1941–1943)
* Fyodor Artem (1942–1943?) (acting)
* Dmytro Zhila (1943) (acting)
* Ivan Voloshyn (1943–1954)
* Dmytro Pisnyachevsky (1954–1963)
* Kostyantyn Trusov (1963–1964)
* Dmytro Pisnyachevsky (1964–1968)
* Andriy Bezditko (1968–1983)
* Oleksandr Maselsky (1983–1992)

### Representative of the President

* Oleksandr Maselsky (1992–1994)

### Chairman of the Executive Committee

* Oleksandr Maselsky (1994–1995)

### Heads of the Administration

* Oleksandr Maselsky (1995–1996)
* Oleh Dyomin (1996–2000)
* Yevhen Kushnaryov (2000–2004)
* Stepan Maselsky (2004–2005)
* Arsen Avakov (2005–2010)
* Volodymyr Babayev (2010) (acting)
* Mykhailo Dobkin (2010–2014)
* Ihor Baluta (2014–2015)
* Ihor Raynin (2015–2016)
* Yuliya Svitlychna (15 October 2016 – 6 November 2019)
* Oleksiy Kucher (6 November 2019 – 27 November 2020)
* Aina Tymchuk (27 November 2020 – 11 August 2021)
* Oleksandr Skakun (11 August 2021 – 24 December 2021, acting)
* Oleh Synyehubov (24 December 2021 – incumbent)
# Peter Naudé

Peter Naudé (born 1950s) is a British academic who is organisational theorist and Professor of Marketing at the Manchester Business School, known for his work on business networks.

## Life and work

Naudé obtained his Phd in Marketing 1992 at the Manchester Business School.
In the 1980s Naude had started his academic career at the University of Cape Town, where he taught at its Graduate School of Business until 1988, when he joined the University of Manchester for his graduate study. After his graduation he continued to lecture at the Manchester Business School until 1999. From 1999 to 2005 he was Professor of Marketing at the University of Bath School of Management and since 2005 he is Professor of Marketing back at the Manchester Business School.
Since the 1990s Naudé is affiliated with the North European Industrial Marketing and Purchasing Group.

## Selected publications
### Books

* Naudé, Peter, and Peter W. Turnbull. Network dynamics in international marketing. Pergamon Press, 1998.

### Articles

* Naudé, Pete, and Francis Buttle. "Assessing relationship quality." Industrial Marketing Management 29.4 (2000): 351–361.
* Berthon, P., Ewing, M., Pitt, L., & Naudé, P. (2003). Understanding B2B and the web: the acceleration of coordination and motivation. Industrial Marketing Management, 32(7), 553–561.
* Henneberg, Stephan C., Stefanos Mouzas, and Pete Naudé. "Network pictures: concepts and representations." European Journal of Marketing 40.3/4 (2006): 408–429.
# David Whitaker (politician)

David Jeffrey Whitaker (born April 8, 1961) is an American attorney and politician serving as a member of the Arkansas House of Representatives for the 85th district. Whitaker was a candidate for Arkansas's 3rd congressional district in the 2010 election.

## Early life and education

Raised in Georgia, Whitaker graduated from Granby High School in Norfolk, Virginia. Whitaker earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in geography from University of Mary Washington and a Juris Doctor from the University of Arkansas School of Law.

## Career

He served in the United States Air Force from 1983 to 1989 reaching the rank of staff sergeant. While in the Air Force he served aboard the USNS Observation Island (T-AGM-23).
In 1992 he was an editorial research intern with the book division of the National Geographic Society in Washington, D.C.
During law school, he clerked for the Washington County prosecuting attorney and served on his law school's honor council. From 1999 to 2000 he served on the Washington County Domestic Violence Task Force. From 2001 to 2009 he served as an assistant city attorney for Fayetteville, Arkansas. From 2007 to 2009 he served as the chairman of the Washington County Democratic Party.
From 2011 to 2013 he was a member of the adjunct faculty at Northwest Arkansas Community College.
In 2013 he was elected to the Arkansas House of Representatives to represent the 85th District defeating Paul Graham.

## Personal life

He resides in Fayetteville, Arkansas with his wife, Lisa and their two daughters.

## Elections

* 2012 With District 85 incumbent Representative John Burris redistricted to District 98, Whitaker won the May 22, 2012 Democratic Primary with 1,264 votes (74.1%), and won the November 6, 2012 General election with 6,450 votes (56.0%) against Republican nominee Paul Graham.
* 2010 When Arkansas's 3rd Congressional District Representative John Boozman ran for United States Senate, Whitaker was unopposed for the May 18, 2010 Democratic Primary but lost the November 2, 2010 General election Republican nominee Steve Womack.
| Year | Office | District | Democratic | Democratic | Republican | Republican |
| 2010 | U.S. House of Representatives | Arkansas's 3rd district | David Whitaker | 27.56% | Steve Womack | 72.44% |
| 2012 | Arkansas House of Representatives | House District 85 | David Whitaker | 56% | Paul Graham | 44% |
| 2014 | Arkansas House of Representatives | House District 85 | David Whitaker | 100% | Unopposed | |
| 2016 | Arkansas House of Representatives | House District 85 | David Whitaker | 52.94% | Dwight Gonzalez | 47.06% |
| 2018 | Arkansas House of Representatives | House District 85 | David Whitaker | 100% | Unopposed | |
| 2020 | Arkansas House of Representatives | House District 85 | David Whitaker | 55.3% | Brian Hester | 44.7% |
| 2022 | Arkansas House of Representatives | House District 85 | David Whitaker | 52.5%% | Brian Hester | 47.5% |
# Samrawit Fikru

Samrawit Fikru (Amharic: ሳምራዊት ፍቅሩ) is an Ethiopian computer scientist, entrepreneur, and businesswoman who is the founder and CEO of Hybrid Designs PLC, a software development company which produces the most popular ridesharing app in the country, RIDE.

## Early life and education

Fikru was born in Asella, Ethiopia. She received her diploma in software engineering from MicroLink Information Technology College in 2004. She graduated with a BSc in computer science from the HiLCoE School of Computer Science and Technology in 2006.

## Career

Fikru founded the software development company Hybrid Designs in 2014. The same year, Hybrid Designs released RIDE as an SMS-based ridesharing service. It was relaunched as a mobile app with a backing call center in July 2017. RIDE was inspired by the difficulty Fikru experienced trying to hire a taxi cab after late nights at work, and was partly inspired by the then existing ride sharing app, ZayRide. She also wanted to create a service to address the safety concerns felt by herself and others in trying to find a taxi, and developed RIDE to help address these gaps.
As of 2020, the app has tens of thousands of users and has been downloaded over 50,000 times. The development staff for the app is 90% female. Fikru aims to inspire other women with her work: "Women-owned business are growing in number; now we need more young girls to access the finances to make their creative ideas happen."
In 2022, Fikru released Sewasew, a streaming platform for Ethiopian music.

## Honors and awards

* Fikru was recognized as one of the Rest of World's 100 Global Tech Changemakers
* Fikru's success as a tech entrepreneur and her inspiration to young women were recognised by her inclusion on the BBC's 100 Women list in 2022.
# Fountin pen

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#REDIRECT Fountain pen
# Tytherington, Gloucestershire

Tytherington is a village in the civil parish of Tytherington and Itchington, in the South Gloucestershire district, in the ceremonial county of Gloucestershire, England, situated 2 miles (3.2 km) south east of Thornbury. The parish population taken at the 2011 census was 666. On 1 April 2023 the parish was renamed from "Tytherington" to "Tytherington and Itchington".
To the west of the village is Tytherington Quarry, a 57 hectares (140 acres) limestone quarry incorporating 2 active workings, operated by Hanson plc, and a disused working now designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest.
The former Yate to Thornbury railway branch line passes through the south of the village, with two bridges in the village and a tank engine near the quarry entrance as reminders of the railway. The line now ends at the quarry and is used for the transport of stone, but used to continue through a tunnel under the A38, to Thornbury. Tytherington had its own small station on the single track line: it opened in 1872 and closed to passengers in 1944. The M5 motorway runs along the north west fringe of the village.
In the village there is a park, a former primary school (now used as the village hall), the Swan public house, a community shop, a church and a Baptist chapel. The community shop has a Post Office branch which has now reopened after being under threat of closure.
To the north-east of the village stands Tytherington Hill (grid reference ST675887), with views east to the Cotswold Edge, and to the north are Cutts Heath and Milbury Heath.
To the south of Tytherington is the hamlet of Itchington which includes an old lime works, which is now at the centre of a small development of 18 new homes.

## Sport and leisure

Tytherington has a Non-League football club Tytherington Rocks F.C. who play at Hardwicke Playing Field.
# Éric Alibert

Éric Alibert (born 1958) is a French painter, specialising in nature and animals. He is also the author of books dedicated to several important natural sites of the world. He uses watercolour, oil, acrylic as well as other techniques including the use of gold leaves.
His works are inspired by regions such as the main European national parks, as well as Syria, Namibia, Venezuela and Japan. There is also an influence of poetic sources, such as Philippe Jaccottet, Novalis and Marguerite Yourcenar and of plastic artists like Soulages, Viollet-le-Duc and Rembrandt Bugatti, to whom Alibert dedicated a short film on YouTube.
Éric Alibert received the gold medal of the "artistes animaliers français ((ref.)), has been awarded by the Fondation de la Vocation and is member of the U.S. Guild of Natural Science Illustrators.
His works have been displayed in several exhibitions, including in the Museum d'histoire naturelle of Paris and of Geneva. There are owned by private and public collections. In 2012, the Castle of Saint-Maurice, Valais, Switzerland organises an important exposition of his most recent creations : Exhibition "Regards croisés Orient-Occident autour d'Eric Alibert"

## Publications

* Voyage d'un peintre autour du Mont-Blanc, éditions Slatkine, 2011
* Nature souveraine - Le Parc national suisse, with Pierre Rouyer, éditions du Midi, 2008, 176 p.
* Couleurs du Venezuela. Des Caraïbes à l'Orénoque, bilingual French-Spanish, éditions Somogy, 2007, 173 p.
* Carnet d'un naturaliste amateur en Lubéron, with Serge Bec, 2007, 125 p.
* Parc naturel régional des Monts d'Ardèche, with and audio-DC, 2007
* Namibie: De l'Okavango aux chutes Victoria. Carnet de voyages dans le Caprivi, éditions Slatkine, 2006, 178 p.
* Archipel des Cyclades, with François Arvanitis, Jacques Anglès & Anne-Sophie Bourhis-Pozzoli, éditions Nathan, 2005
* Couleurs de Syrie, éditions Somogy, 2004, 150 p.
* Parc naturel régional du massif des Bauges, éditions Gallimard Loisirs, 2001
* Léman mon île, éditions Slatkine, 2000
* Carnets Naturalistes en Provence, éditions Nathan, 2000
* La Cote d'Opale, éditions Gallimard, 1998
* Carnets Naturalistes autour du Mont Blanc, with Daniel Aiagno & Jean-François Desmet, éditions Nathan 1996
* Guide du jeune naturaliste à la montagne, éditions Delachaux et Niestlé, 1993
* Le grand livre des espèces disparues, with Jean-Christophe Balouet, foreword by Jacques-Yves Cousteau, éditions Ouest-France, 1989, 197 p.
# Jonathan Tamayo

Jonathan Tamayo is an American poker player from Humble, Texas. In 2024, he won the Main Event at the World Series of Poker for $10,000,000.
In his childhood he grew up in Humble, Texas, where he attended Humble High School.

## Poker career

Tamayo studied hotel management at Cornell University in New York prior to his poker career. In 2009, he finished in 21st place in the WSOP Main Event for $352,000.
Tamayo's first WSOP cash came in 2007. In 2008, he finished second in the $1,500 Mixed Limit/No-Limit Hold'em event for $140,000.
Tamayo is also a four-time WSOP Circuit ring winner, most recently in 2018. Prior to the 2024 Main Event, he had more than $2 million in live career earnings and 63 WSOP cashes.
In the 2024 Main Event, Tamayo defeated a record field of 10,112 players to make the final table in seventh chip position. On the 235th hand of the final table, he defeated Jordan Griff heads-up when his 8♦ 3♠ beat Griff's 9♥ 6♣ on a board of 9♦ 8♣ 3♦ A♣ 5♦ to give him the world championship.
Tamayo is also an avid daily fantasy sports player. In 2019, he won the Fantasy Hockey Championship on DraftKings. Tamayo is roommates with 2015 Main Event champion Joe McKeehen.
# Riccall railway station

Riccall railway station was a railway station which served the village of Riccall, north of Selby, on the East Coast Main Line. It was opened in 1871, closed to passengers in 1958 and then closed to goods services in 1964; the station building is now a private dwelling. In 1983 the Selby Diversion was opened which led to the closure of the railway line through Riccall; the former trackbed is now the route of the A19 around the village.