OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Boswell (surname)

Boswell is a British family name of Norman origins and may refer to the following individuals:
* Alexander Boswell (judge) (1706–1782), judge of the Scottish supreme court and father of James Boswell
* Alexander Boswell (songwriter) (1775–1822), Scottish songwriter, son of James Boswell, grandson of Alexander Boswell
* Sir Alexander Boswell (1928–2021), British lieutenant general.
* Bobby Boswell (born 1983), American soccer player
* Charles Boswell (1886–1956), New Zealand politician
* Chris Boswell (born 1991), American football kicker
* Christina Boswell (born 1972), Professor of politics
* Claud Irvine Boswell (1742–1824), Scottish judge
* Dave Boswell (baseball player) (1945–2012), American baseball player
* Edward Boswell (1760–1842), English antiquarian and solicitor
* Eric Boswell (songwriter) (1921–2009), English songwriter
* Eric J. Boswell (born 1945), United States Assistant Secretary of State for Diplomatic Security
* Eve Boswell (1922–1998), Hungarian-born singer in South Africa and Britain
* Granny Boswell (c. 1817–1909), Cornish Gypsy
* Ian Boswell (born 1991), American road cyclist
* James Boswell (1740–1795), Scottish lawyer, diarist, author, and biographer of Samuel Johnson
* James Griffin Boswell (1882–1952), American businessman
* John Boswell of Balmuto (1546-1610), Scottish landowner
* John Boswell (1947–1994), American historian and Yale professor
* Ken Boswell (born 1946), American baseball player
* Ken Boswell (rower) (1912–1984), New Zealand rower
* Leonard Boswell (1934–2018), American politician
* Lewis Archer Boswell (1834–1909), aviation pioneer
* Mark Boswell (athlete) (born 1977), Canadian athlete
* Merideth Boswell, American set decorator and production designer
* Paul P. Boswell (1905–1982), American physician and politician
* Ron Boswell (born 1940), Australian politician
* Scott Boswell (born 1974), English cricketer
* Stewart Boswell (born 1978), Australian squash player
* Thomas Boswell (born 1947), Washington Post sports columnist
* Tim Boswell (born 1942), British politician
* William Boswell (disambiguation), multiple people
# Alain Cantareil

Alain Cantareil (born 15 August 1983) is a French professional footballer.
# Ikhia Zodi

Ikhia Aboubekr Zodi (c. 1919 – February 16, 1996) was a Nigerien politician.

## Life and career

Born around 1919 at Winditen, Zodi came from a wealthy Tuareg family; his father was a prominent person from Taghagar. He received his primary education in Niamey and his higher education at Ecole William Ponty in Dakar. In 1941 he began teaching for nomadic schools. He went on to become school director, first for the Ecole des enfants de troupe in Bingerville and later Ecole des Kel Gress d'Arzérori.
In 1946, he joined the Nigerien Progressive Party, the Nigerien affiliate of the African Democratic Rally. In 1948 he was elected to the general council of Tahoua. Starting in 1948, he became active in the Nigerien teachers trade union movement. In 1949, he joined the Union of Nigerien Independents and Sympathisers (UNIS), a group affiliated with the Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance (UDSR). He was elected to the French National Assembly in the 1951 elections, on the UNIS list headed by Georges Condat (which won both Nigerien seats). The next year he was elected to the Nigerien Territorial Assembly, representing Filingué, and to the Grand Council of French West Africa. He remained in the Grand Council until 1957.
In the French National Assembly, he sat in the UDSR group until 1953. He then joined the Independent Overseas (IOM) group. In the National Assembly, he had several short tenures in the National Education Commission. In January 1953, he was included in the Industrial Production Commission. After his defection to the IOM, Zodi became politically isolated. Zodi stood as a candidate on the UNIS list in the 1956 election. He lost his seat, being roundly defeated by Condat's new list, the Nigerien Action Bloc.
After the election Zodi and his followers regrouped, and on March 6, 1957 they formed a new party called the Nigerien Democratic Front (FDN). FDN was affiliated with the African Convention. He edited the party journal L'Unité (Unity).
When the first government of the Republic of Niger was formed on December 31, 1958, Zodi was appointed Minister of Education, Youth and Sports. In his function as Minister of Education, he came into conflict with the Minister of Interior. In 1960 he was demoted to Secretary of State for National Defense. During this tenure, he visited Israel.
Zodi later became Minister of African Affairs.
In 1963, he took part in a failed coup d'etat. He was arrested and sentenced to death. He was pardoned from execution and his sentence was changed to imprisonment. He was released from jail in 1971. After release from jail, he withdrew from political life. He died in Niamey in 1996.
# Battle of Spotsylvania Court House order of battle

The order of battle for the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House includes:
* Battle of Spotsylvania Court House order of battle: Confederate
* Battle of Spotsylvania Court House order of battle: Union
# Josephus Nicolaus Laurenti

Josephus Nicolaus Laurenti (4 December 1735, Vienna – 17 February 1805, Vienna) was an Austrian naturalist and zoologist of Italian origin.
Laurenti is considered the auctor of the class Reptilia (reptiles) through his authorship of Specimen Medicum, Exhibens Synopsin Reptilium Emendatam cum Experimentis circa Venena (1768) on the poisonous function of reptiles and amphibians. This was an important book in herpetology, defining thirty genera of reptiles; Carl Linnaeus's 10th edition of Systema Naturae in 1758 defined only ten genera. Specimen Medicum contains a description of the blind salamander (amphibian): Proteus anguinus, purportedly collected from cave waters in Slovenia (or possibly western Croatia); this description represented one of the first published accounts of a cave animal in the western world, although Proteus anguinus was not recognized as a cave animal at the time.
In the past, Laurenti's authorship of his work has been doubted several times and attributed to the Hungarian scientist Jacob Joseph Winterl, but without substantive evidence.
# Sara Bergen

Sara Bergen (born 6 December 1988) is a Canadian former professional racing cyclist, who rode professionally for UCI Women's Continental Team Rally Cycling, between 2017 and 2020.

## Career

In 2017, she signed with Rally Cycling, leaving Trek–Red Truck Beer–Mosaic Homes. She rode in the women's road race at the 2016 UCI Road World Championships, riding lead out to sprinters Joëlle Numainville and Leah Kirchmann to a record two top 15 finishes, finishing in 91st place.

## Personal life

Outside of cycling, Bergen holds a Bachelor of Technology degree in Architectural Science and a diploma in Architectural and Building Engineering Technology from British Columbia Institute of Technology.
# Pedro de Sintra

Pedro de Sintra, also known as Pero de Sintra, Pedro da Cintra or Pedro da Sintra, was a Portuguese explorer. He was among the first Europeans to explore the West African coast. Around 1462 his expedition reached what is now Sierra Leone and named it. Although according to professor C. Magbaily Fyle this could have possibly been a misinterpretation of historians; there has been evidence of Serra Lyoa being mentioned prior to 1462, the year when de Sintra's expedition reached the coast of Sierra Leone. This would suggest that the person who named Sierra Leone is still unknown. However, if de Sintra did name the area, it is unclear whether he named it after the landforms or climate in the area. According to some the coastal regions resembled lion's teeth while others suggest the thunderstorms sounded like the roar of a lion. Sixteenth century English sailors called the area Sierra Leoa which later evolved to Sierra Leone in the 17th century. The British, prior to the area being colonised, officially adopted the name Sierra Leone in 1787.
De Sintra continued his journey from Sierra Leone to contemporary Liberia, and passed Cape Mount, Cape Corso (aka Cape Mesurado) and stopped at some forested hills, which he called Bosco de Santa Maria- probably contemporary 'Bassa Hills', where he turned since his interpreters could not understand the local language. De Sintra returned to Portugal in 1462 and one of his mariners, who had been on an earlier voyage of Alvise da Ca da Mosto, 1455 or 1456, gave the latter an account of this voyage, which Ca da Mosto published in Venice, after he left Portugal in 1463. Ca da Mosto's Navigazioni, were first published in Venice in the mid-1460s. Pero de Sintra's voyage is the first and only one commanded by the new king Alfons V - who, however, in 1468 negotiated a contract with the private merchant Fernao Gomes to fit out caravels for further exploration of the West African coast (1468-1474). João de Barros mentions that de Sintra captained an urca (hulk) during the 1481 expedition that was sent to build the feitoria of São Jorge da Mina.
# Domed Rodrigues giant tortoise

The domed Rodrigues giant tortoise (Cylindraspis peltastes) is an extinct species of giant tortoise in the family Testudinidae. It was endemic to Rodrigues. It appears to have become extinct around 1800, as a result of human exploitation.

## Description

The domed Rodrigues giant tortoise was one of the smallest of the giant tortoises of the Indian Ocean, reaching a length of just over 40 cm (16 in) and an estimated weight of around 12 kg (26 lb).
A low grazer of grasses, it shared Rodrigues Island with its much larger relative, the saddle-backed Rodrigues giant tortoise, which browsed the taller vegetation. Both species were descended from an ancestral species on Mauritius (an ancestor of Cylindraspis inepta), which colonised Rodrigues by sea many millions of years ago, and then differentiated into the two Rodrigues species.

## Ecology and extinction

At the time of the arrival of human settlers, dense giant tortoise herds of many thousands were reported on Rodrigues. Like many island species, they were reported to have been friendly, curious, and unafraid of humans. However, in the ensuing years, massive harvesting and exporting for food, as well as the introduction of invasive species, rapidly exterminated the giant tortoises. Hundreds of thousands were loaded into ships' holds for food, or to be transported to Mauritius, where they were burnt for fat and oil.
A surviving giant tortoise was reported on Rodrigues in 1795, at the bottom of a ravine. As late as 1802, there is mention of survivors reportedly being killed in the large fires used to clear the island's vegetation for agriculture.
It has subsequently been discovered that the browsing herds of giant tortoises filled an essential role in the island's ecosystem and the regeneration of its forests. In recognition of this fact, measures have been undertaken to introduce replacements, in the form of similar species of tortoises from other parts of the world, to assist in the rebuilding of Rodrigues' devastated environment. The replacement species for the domed Rodrigues tortoise was chosen to be the radiated tortoise (Astrochelys radiata) of Madagascar, which is similar in size and habits.
# Rodrigue César

Rodrigue César (born 14 April 1988) is a Martiniquais footballer who plays as a midfielder for Colonial of the Martinique Championnat National.

## Club career

In 2008, César signed with Martinique club US Robert. In 2010, he signed with French Ligue 2 side Istres and made his debut on 12 November against Vannes OC.

## International career

César is a member of the Martinique football team. He made his debut on 26 November 2010 in a 2010 Caribbean Championship match against Grenada. He played three times for Martinique.
# Sidi Ben Arous

Ahmed ben Arous, full name: Abu al-Abbas Ahmed Ben Abdallah ben Abu Bakr al-Houari, Tunisian Arabic: أحمد بن عروس; (c. 1376–21 October 1436) was a Tunisian Wali, religious leader and founder of the Arousia Tariqa.

## Life

He was born in Tunis, to a father from the Houara tribe and a mother originally from Misrata, and was a follower of the Zawiya of Sidi Mahrez. He later went to Morocco where he studied in Fes and Marrakesh. Upon his return to Tunis, he lived in seclusion for a while then worked as carpenter. His Tariqa was influenced by the Shadhili order. He was known for his sympathy for the poor, the strangers and the animals. His teachings were revived by his disciple Abdessalam al-Asmar and an extended biography of him was written by Omar al-Jazairi.
# David O'Neal

David L. O'Neal (born 17 September 1957) is an American politician and retired military officer.

## Early life, education and career

O'Neal was born in Lake Charles, Louisiana, to parents Clarence and Marie Mariani O'Neal on 17 September 1957. He completed his first bachelor's degree from Texas Christian University in 1982. He returned to school after retiring from the military, earning a second bachelor's degree in 2012 and his master's degree in 2013, both from Winthrop University.
O'Neal served in the United States Army, retiring with the rank of lieutenant colonel.

## Political career

In the 2000s, O'Neal moved to Tega Cay, South Carolina where he was elected to the city council in 2015, and mayor in 2017. As he held municipal political office, O'Neal also served as district director for U. S. Representative Ralph Norman.
In 2022, O'Neal filed for South Carolina House District 66, an open seat due to redistricting. He won election to the South Carolina House of Representatives as a Republican Party candidate, defeating Democratic Party nominee Carla Litrenta.
O'Neal, a member of the South Carolina Freedom Caucus, did not seek re-election in 2024.
# The Dismissal (film)

The Dismissal (German: Die Entlassung) is a 1942 German film directed by Wolfgang Liebeneiner about the dismissal of Otto von Bismarck. It was one of only five films to receive the honorary distinction "Film of the Nation" by the Reich Propaganda Ministry Censorship Office.

## Plot

The film shows the events leading up to Bismarck being dismissed by Wilhelm II of Germany and the dilettantes who surround him. An unscrupulous schemer plays on the king's desire to lead and so persuades him to dismiss his chancellor. This results in a disastrous two-front war by destroying Bismarck's treaty with Russia and leaving him to lament with the question of who would complete his work.
The film ends with a postscript stating that Germany's misfortunes from 1890 to 1933 were the result of Bismarck's dismissal and that a nation's fate depends on its personalities, not its institutions.

## Cast

* Emil Jannings as Prince Bismarck
* Margarete Schön as Princess Johanna Bismarck
* Christian Kayßler as Count Herbert Bismarck
* Theodor Loos as Kaiser Wilhelm I
* Karl Ludwig Diehl as Kaiser Friedrich III
* Hildegard Grethe as Empress Frederick
* Werner Hinz as Kaiser Wilhelm II
* Werner Krauss as Privy Councillor von Holstein
* Otto Graf as Count Eulenburg
* Paul Hoffmann as Count Waldersee
* Paul Bildt as Minister von Bötticher
* Walther Süssenguth as Tsar Alexander
* Franz Schafheitlin as Ambassador Count Schuvalov
* Herbert Hübner as General Adjutant von Hahnke
* Rudolf Blümner as Chef Of Civil Cabinet Hermann von Lucanus
* Fritz Kampers as Professor Dr. Schwenninger
* Emil Heß as Grand Duke Vladimir
* Heinrich Schroth as General von Caprivi

## Production

The success of Bismarck led to the creation of a sequel. The Dismissal cost 3.6 million ℛℳ (equivalent to $15,000,000 in 2021) to produce.

## Release

The Dismissal was first shown in the small town of Stettin on 15 September 1942, to gauge whether the film should receive a general release. Alfred Rosenberg reported that the film should not be released as it gave the impression of German war guilt, it could aid Allied propaganda, and that it reminded the German people of Wilhelm's policies. However, the film was released as Joseph Goebbels viewed it as "a brilliant success".
The film was approved by the censors on 28 August, and premiered in Berlin on 6 October. The war with Russia delayed its release, and it was not exported, owing to the obvious parallels. Ulrich von Hassell felt that the film was anti-monarchist. It earned 6.5 million ℛℳ (equivalent to $27,000,000 in 2021) at the box office for a profit of 2,081,000 ℛℳ (equivalent to $8,720,000 in 2021).
# Aeranthes albidiflora

Aeranthes albidiflora is a species of orchid native to Madagascar. It may be extinct due to illegal collection and logging.
# L' Isola bianca

L' Isola bianca (Italian: The white island) is a 1950 Italian short documentary film directed by Dino Risi.
# Gary Aklestad

Gary C. Aklestad (born December 9, 1932) is an American politician in the state of Montana. He served in the Montana Senate from 1977 to 1997. In 1997 he served as President of the Senate and in 1995 he was President pro tempore. He also served as minority leader in 1987.
# Cycling at the 2015 SEA Games

Cycling at the 2015 SEA Games was held in Marina Barrage Route, Singapore from 11 to 14 June 2015.

## Participating nations

A total of 66 athletes from 10 nations will be competing in cycling at the 2015 Southeast Asian Games:
* Cambodia (7)
* Indonesia (8)
* Laos (4)
* Malaysia (8)
* Myanmar (3)
* Philippines (8)
* Singapore (8)
* Thailand (8)
* East Timor (4)
* Vietnam (8)

## Competition schedule

The following is the competition schedule for the cycling competitions:
| F | Final |
| Event↓/Date → | Thu 11 | Fri 12 | Sat 13 | Sun 14 |
| Men's time trial | F | | | |
| Men's criterium | | F | | |
| Men's road race | | | | F |
| Women's time trial | F | | | |
| Women's criterium | | F | | |
| Women's road race | | | F | |

## Medalists
### Men

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Time trial | Robin Manullang Indonesia | Turakit Boonratanathanakorn Thailand | Trịnh Đức Tâm Vietnam |
| Criterium | Harrif Saleh Malaysia | Lê Văn Duẩn Vietnam | Vincent Ang Singapore |
| Road race | Harrif Saleh Malaysia | Lê Văn Duẩn Vietnam | Anuar Manan Malaysia |

### Women

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Time trial | Marella Salamat Philippines | Chanpeng Nontasin Thailand | Dinah Chan Singapore |
| Criterium | Jutatip Maneephan Thailand | Nguyễn Thị Thật Vietnam | Jupha Somnet Malaysia |
| Road race | Nguyễn Thị Thật Vietnam | Jutatip Maneephan Thailand | Nurul Suhada Zainal Malaysia |

## Medal table

* Host nation (Singapore)
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Malaysia (MAS) | 2 | 0 | 3 | 5 |
| 2 | Vietnam (VIE) | 1 | 3 | 1 | 5 |
| 3 | Thailand (THA) | 1 | 3 | 0 | 4 |
| 4 | Indonesia (INA) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 4 | Philippines (PHI) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 6 | Singapore (SIN)* | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Totals (6 entries) | Totals (6 entries) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 18 |
# Arctocephalus

The genus Arctocephalus consists of the southern fur seals. Arctocephalus translates to "bear head."

## Taxonomy

The number of species within the genus has been questioned, primarily based on limited molecular data. The issue is complicated because some of the species are able to produce fertile hybrids. A recent review recommended the retention of seven species, deprecating the New Zealand fur seals to a subspecies of the South American fur seal, while also questioning the status of the Guadalupe fur seal. Other recent studies have indicated the genus may be paraphyletic, and some taxonomic reshuffling was previously done to account for this; however, more recent studies support it being monophyletic, with the alleged paraphyly being a consequence of incomplete lineage sorting.

### Extant Species

Genus Arctocephalus – É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire & F. Cuvier, 1826 – eight species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| Antarctic fur seal | Arctocephalus gazella (Peters, 1875) | Subantarctic islands | Size: Male: 180 cm (71 in) long; 130–200 kg (287–441 lb) Female: 120–140 cm (47–55 in) long; 22–50 kg (49–110 lb) Habitat: Neritic marine, oceanic marine, intertidal marine, and coastal marine Diet: Krill, cephalopods, fish, and penguins | LC  700,000–1,000,000 |
| Guadalupe fur seal | Arctocephalus townsendi (Merriam, 1897) | | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
| Juan Fernández fur seal | Arctocephalus philippii (Peters, 1866) | | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
| Galápagos fur seal | Arctocephalus galapagoensis (Heller, 1904) | Galápagos Islands | Size: Male: 150–160 cm (59–63 in) long; 60–68 kg (132–150 lb) Female: 110–130 cm (43–51 in) long; 27–33 kg (60–73 lb) Habitat: Neritic marine, oceanic marine, intertidal marine, and coastal marine Diet: Small squids and a variety of fish | EN  10,000 |
| Brown fur seal or Cape fur seal | Arctocephalus pusillus (Schreber, 1775) Two subspecies A. p. pusillus (Cape/South African fur seal) A. p. doriferus (Australian fur seal) | Southern African and Australian coasts (dark blue indicates breeding grounds) | Size: Male: 201–227 cm (79–89 in) long; 218–360 kg (481–794 lb) Female: 136–171 cm (54–67 in) long; 41–113 kg (90–249 lb) Habitat: Neritic marine, oceanic marine, intertidal marine, and coastal marine Diet: A wide variety of fish, cephalopods, and crustaceans, and sometimes African penguins and other seabirds | LC  1,060,000 |
| New Zealand fur seal | Arctocephalus forsteri (Lesson, 1828) | | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
| Subantarctic fur seal | Arctocephalus tropicalis (Gray, 1872) | | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
| South American fur seal | Arctocephalus australis (Zimmermann, 1783) | | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
# Park of Frederiksborg Castle

The park of Frederiksborg Castle (Danish: Frederiksborg Slotshave) is located to the north and west of Frederiksborg Castle in Hillerød, Denmark. It consists of a formal Baroque garden and a Romantic landscape garden.

## History
### The first gardens

An enclosed deer park for hunting was established at the same time as Christian IV's new Frederiksborg Castle. It became known as Lille Dyrehave ("Little Deer Park") when Store Dyrehave ("Large Deer Park") was created immediately to the south of the town a few years later. He also had a garden at the North Zealand residence. The Castle Lake featured a small island, Dronningeøen ("The Queen's Isle"), which was used for tea parties, as well as a fountain designed as a swimming deer chased by hunting dogs. Another feature was the pavilion Sparepenge next to the road to Fredensborg, which contained a collection of weapons. Sparepenge was pulled down in 1719, while the fountain was dismantled in the middle of the century.

### Frederick IV's Baroque garden

In 1720, Johan Cornelius Krieger was charged with the design of a new garden for the castle. About 1800, Frederick VII converted the areas Lille Dyrehave and Indelukket to the west of the Baroque garden into a Romantic landscape garden. The Baroque garden fell into neglect in the late 18th century.

### The Romantic garden
## Today

The Baroque garden was recreated in a somewhat modified form in the first half of the 1990s. A water feature cascades down the central axis of the terraced complex. The park contains a memorial to Christian Ditlev Frederik Reventlow. It was inaugurated on 15 August 1884 to mark the 100th anniversary of the agricultural reforms in which he played a central role.
The upper, northernmost part of the Baroque garden is home to Café Havehuset, a half-timbered, thatched building now used as a café. In summer, the café is open for lunch (11–3:30) Tuesday–Sunday.

## Activities

A tour boat operates on the lake. The building Badstueslottet is still used by the royal family in connection with hunts in the surrounding forests. The park hosts an annual garden show.

## Image gallery

* Tree in the Romantic section of the garden
* View of the castle from the Baroque garden
* The Reventlow Column
* The parterre
* The boat service