OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tritonal

Tritonal is a mixture of 80% TNT and 20% aluminium powder, used in several types of ordnance such as air-dropped bombs. The aluminium increases the total heat output and hence impulse of the TNT – the length of time during which the blast wave is positive. Tritonal is approximately 18% more powerful than TNT alone.
The 87 kg of tritonal in a Mark 82 bomb has the potential to produce approximately 863 MJ of energy when detonated. This implies a specific energy of approximately 9 MJ/kg, compared to ~4 MJ/kg for TNT.

## History

TNT was first prepared by Julius Wilbrand in 1863. Germany began manufacturing TNT in 1891 and aluminium was first mixed with TNT in 1899 to produce an explosive compound. In 1902, the German Army began to use TNT, replacing picric acid, and in 1912, the US Army also started to use TNT. TNT production was limited by the availability of toluene which came from coal tar. Therefore, mixtures of TNT with other compounds became widespread to relieve the shortage of TNT.
Modern tritonal was developed as a cheaper substitute for Torpex and HBX under UWE designation (UnderWater Explosive) before it turned out Allies could produce enough RDX to cover all naval requirements late in WWII.
# Sidney De Gray

Sidney De Gray (16 June 1866 – 30 June 1941) was an English actor of the silent era. He appeared in more than 70 films between 1913 and 1940. He was born in England and died in Los Angeles, California.

## Selected filmography

* Luke's Fireworks Fizzle (1916)
* Luke Locates the Loot (1916)
* Luke's Shattered Sleep (1916)
* Luke's Lost Liberty (1917)
* Luke's Busy Day (1917)
* Luke's Trolley Troubles (1917)
* Lonesome Luke, Lawyer (1917)
* Luke Wins Ye Ladye Faire (1917)
* Lonesome Luke's Lively Life (1917)
* Lonesome Luke, Mechanic (1917)
* His Birthright (1918)
* Alias Mary Brown (1918)
* Almost a Husband (1919)
* The Chorus Girl's Romance (1920)
* The Mark of Zorro (1920)
* The Innocent Cheat (1921)
* The Nut (1921)
* The Half Breed (1922)
* One Wonderful Night (1922)
* Around the World in Eighteen Days (1923)
* The Gentleman from America (1923)
* The Love Brand (1923)
* Rouged Lips (1923)
* Other Men's Daughters (1923)
* The Oregon Trail (1923)
* Single Handed (1923)
* Trifling with Honor (1923)
* The Wild Party (1923)
* Wine of Youth (1924)
* My Man (1924)
* Steele of the Royal Mounted (1925)
* Brand of Cowardice (1925)
* The Silver Treasure (1926)
* The Call of the Wilderness (1926)
* Forest Havoc (1926)
* The Amateur Gentleman (1926)
* Bitter Apples (1927)
* Closed Gates (1927)
* The Three Sisters (1930)
* Just Imagine (1930)
# Sidi Zouk Tomb

The Sidi Zouk Tomb (Arabic: ضريح سيدي الذوق) is a small tomb located inside the Bab al-Futuh gate in Cairo, Egypt. It dates back to Mamluk period and has various stories and legends regarding the identity of the entombed. Most of the locals regard the tomb as sacred.

## Description

The whole tomb is made of concrete, and it has a wooden door for access inside to view the grave. The tomb has a concrete dome painted green, and on top of the dome is a crescent painted in gold. It is akin to the Green Dome of the Prophet's Mosque in Medina. A plaque stands above the door, which reads out "The shrine of Al-Arif Billah, Sidi Zouk".

## The legend of Sidi Zouk
### First version

The first version of the legend relates that Sidi Hassan al-Zouk was a wise man beloved by his people. He often intervened to resolve disputes and usually succeeded. But one day he failed to solve a conflict and the dispute ended in a bloody brawl. Sidi Zouk decided to leave the village in protest but suddenly he collapsed and died. His followers buried him next to the village gate.

### Second version

In the second version of this legend, Sidi Zouk was a merchant of Moroccan origin. He emigrated to Egypt and stayed there. Soon, he contracted a chronic illness. When his children asked for him to return to Morocco so that he could ultimately be buried in his homeland, he declined their offer. They instead forced him to travel to Morocco, so he set off on his journey, but he succumbed to his illness as soon as he stepped foot in the Bab al-Futuh gate.

### Third version

The third version of this legend takes place in the Mamluk period. According to this account, Sidi Zouk was a government official. The Sultan complained about his government officials and threatened to imprison them. Feeling humiliated, Sidi Zouk decided to leave Egypt, but died just as he stepped foot into Bab al-Futuh.

## In popular culture

The phrase "taste will not leave Egypt" is a common Egyptian phrase, which originated from the legendary story of how death prevented Sidi Zouk from leaving Egypt.

## Controversy

In the 1940s, a 15 meter excavation was conducted under the tomb, but no human remains were found.
# Frank Mintz

Frank Mintz (born 1941) is a historian of anarchism and a labor activist.

## Works

* Histoire de la mouvance anarchiste, 1789-2012, Éditions Noir & Rouge, 2013.
* Autogestion et anarcho-syndicalisme (analyse et critiques sur l’Espagne 1931-1990), Paris, éd. CNT-RP, 1999.
* Explosions de liberté, Espagne 36 - Hongrie 56, Mauléon, Acratie, 1986, ISBN 2-905691-05-0.
* La autogestión en la España revolucionaria, Madrid, La Piqueta, 1977.
* L'autogestion dans l'Espagne révolutionnaire, Paris, Bélibaste, 1970, Paris, Maspero, 1976.
* Los Amigos de Durruti, los trotsquistas y los sucesos de mayo, in collaboration with Miguel Peciña, 1978.
* (Co-author) Actualité de Bakounine 1814-2014, Éditions du Monde libertaire, 2014, ISBN 9782915514568.
Anthologies
* Diego Abad de Santillán - Historia y vigencia de la construcción social de un proyecto libertario (textos y documentación), Barcelona, Anthropos, 1993 (in collaboration with Antonia Fontanillas).
* Noam Chomsky, Écrits politiques 1977-1983, Mauléon, Acratie, 1984 (under the pseudonym Martin Zemliak).
* Errico Malatesta, Articles politiques, Paris, 10/18, 1979 (under the pseudonym Israël Renov).
* Pierre Kropotkine, Œuvres, Paris, Maspero, 1976 (under the pseudonym Martin Zemliak).
# Régis Onanga Ndiaye

Régis Onanga Ndiaye is a Gabonese politician who has served as Minister for Foreign Affairs since 9 September 2023. Previously he served as the Ambassador to Senegal.

## Personal life

He is the brother-in-law of President Brice Oligui Nguema.
# Leo Oracion

Leo Oración OL (born 1974) is a Filipino mountaineer and sportsman widely recognized as the first Filipino to reach the summit of Mount Everest on May 17, 2006, at the age of 32. He reached the summit at 3:30 p.m. (local time), together with 15 other climbers.

## Early life

Oración was born in the town of Lucbán in Quezon Province, Philippines. Prior to climbing Mount Everest, he worked as a lifeguard at the Shangri-La Hotel in Mactan Island, Cebu. He quit his job to pursue his passion full-time. Aside from being a mountaineer, he is also a triathlete who has won various adventure races.
He and fellow Mount Everest summiteer Erwin Emata are also enlisted officers of the Philippine Coast Guard. He is also a member of the triathlon team, Coast Guard-Sandugo, which placed second in the Philippine adventure race, the Carrera Habagat.

## Everest expedition

Oración was a member of the First Philippine Mount Everest Expedition, whose quest to conquer Everest was supported by the ABS-CBN television network, among other entities. On May 13, 2006, Oración left Base Camp and proceeded up the mountain. He reached the summit on the afternoon of May 17. Upon reaching the top, Oración radioed, "The Philippine Eagle has landed." His statement is based on Neil Armstrong's message "The Eagle has landed" when the Apollo 11 Lunar Module, nicknamed the "Eagle", landed on the moon. The following day, May 18, fellow expedition member Emata became the second Filipino to reach the summit of Mount Everest.
Upon conclusion of his ascent, Nepal's Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation awarded Oración with a summit certificate which indicated his Mount Everest summit ascent on May 17 via the south col. EverestNews.com also reported Oración's successful summit feat on its website.
Oración's status as the first Filipino to reach the summit of Mount Everest has been challenged by another Filipino climber, Dale Abenojar, who claims to have reached the summit from the northern side on May 15 — two days before Oración. Abenojar's claim has been registered in Mount Everest chronicler Elizabeth Hawley's Himalayan Database. Abenojar also presented a certificate which claimed that he was certified by the China Tibet Mountaineering Association (CTMA) to have summitted Everest via the North Col on May 15, 2006, at 10:45 a.m. Beijing time (or 8:45 a.m. Nepal time). However, he wasn't among the climbers that EverestNews.com reported to have summitted the mountain from the northern side on that date.
# Trifun Mihailović

Trifun Mihailović (Serbian Cyrillic: Трифун Михаиловић; born 10 March 1947) is a Serbian retired professional footballer.
Known for his short stature and by his nickname of Trifke, Mihailović scored the first official goal at the newly-opened Red Star Stadium in a youth match between Red Star Belgrade and Jedinstvo Zemun in 1963.
# Methanolobus

In taxonomy, Methanolobus is a genus of methanogenic archaea within the Methanosarcinaceae. These organisms are strictly anaerobes and live exclusively through the production of methane, but the species within Methanolobus cannot use carbon dioxide with hydrogen, acetate or formate, only methyl compounds. The cells are irregular coccoid in form and approximately 1 μm in diameter. They do not form endospores. They are Gram negative and only some are motile, via a single flagellum. They are found in lake and ocean sediments that lack oxygen.

## Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
| 16S rRNA based LTP_10_2024 | 53 marker proteins based GTDB 09-RS220 |
| Methanolobus M. chelungpuianus Wu & Lai 2015 M. halotolerans Shen et al. 2020 M. zinderi Doerfert et al. 2009 M. oregonensis (Liu et al. 1990) Boone 2002 M. taylorii Oremland & Boone 1994 M. psychrotolerans Chen et al. 2018 M. mangrovi Zhou et al. 2023 M. profundi Mochimaru et al. 2009 M. bombayensis Kadam et al. 1994 M. tindarius König & Stetter 1983 M. sediminis Zhou et al. 2023 M. vulcani Stetter et al. 1989 | Methanolobus M. chelungpuianus "M. psychrophilus" Zhang et al. 2008 M. halotolerans M. zinderi M. psychrotolerans M. profundi M. bombayensis M. tindarius M. vulcani |
# Astrid Söderbergh Widding

Astrid Naemi Söderbergh Widding (born 27 May 1963) is a Swedish film studies scholar. She is professor of film studies and rector (i.e. vice-chancellor) of Stockholm University since 2013. Söderbergh Widding is a board member of the Swedish Film Institute, a former president of the board of the Ingmar Bergman Foundation, and a columnist in the newspaper Svenska Dagbladet. She earned her PhD in 1992 at Stockholm University with a dissertation on Andrei Tarkovsky. She was elected as a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 2014 and became a Knight of the French Legion of Honour in 2015.
In 2023, she was appointed chair of the board of directors of the Nobel Foundation.
# Xanlıqlar, Nakhchivan

Xanlıqlar (also, Khanlyglar) is a village and municipality in the Sharur District of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan. It is located 8 km in the south-east from the district center, on the Sharur plain. Its population is busy with vine-growing and animal husbandry. The village has a grape processing factory, secondary school, club, library and a medical center. It has a population of 2,091, and there is a sanctuary called "Imamzade" in the village.

## Etymology

The settlement was so named Xanlıq because it was built on the property territory named Khanlyg (Khanate), which belonged to the Nakhchivan Khans.
# Samuel Riker

Samuel Riker (April 8, 1743 – May 19, 1823) was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives for New York's 1st congressional district from 1804 to 1805 and again from 1807 to 1809.

## Early life

He was born on April 8, 1743, in Newtown on Long Island in what was then the Province of New York into a family of Dutch origin. He was a son of Andrew Riker (1699–1762) and Jane (née Berrien) Riker (1703–1775).
His great-grandfather Abraham Ryker (1619–1689) was born in the Netherlands and settled in New Netherland.

## Career

After Riker attended the common schools, he was a member of the Newtown committee of correspondence in 1774, and was supervisor of Suffolk County in 1783. He was the lieutenant of Light Horse during the American Revolution.
Samuel Riker was a member of the New York State Assembly in 1784. He was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Eighth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of John Smith. He served from November 5, 1804, to March 3, 1805. He was also elected to the Tenth Congress, which met from March 4, 1807, to March 3, 1809.

## Personal life

Riker was married to Anna Lawrence (1749–1833). Anna was a daughter of Joseph Lawrence and a niece of merchant and New York State Senator Jonathan Lawrence. Among her cousins were Samuel, John, and William T. Lawrence. Together, they were the parents of:
* Joseph Lawrence Riker (1770–1796), a sailor who died in Jamaica.
* Andrew Riker (1771–1817)
* Richard Riker (1773–1842), the Recorder of New York City who married Jennet Phoenix, a daughter of Treasurer Daniel Phoenix (1737–1812).
* Abraham Riker (1776–1821), who married Harriet Pierson.
* Patience Riker (1778–1851), who married John Lawrence (1758–1817) in 1802.
* Samuel Riker (1780–1811), a lawyer.
* Jane Margaret Riker (1782–1868), who married merchant John Thom. After his death, she married Irish-American physician William James MacNeven.
* Anna Elvira Riker (1785–1860), who married Douwe Ditmars.
* John Lawrence Riker (1787–1861), who married Maria Smith.
He died in Newtown in Long Island on May 19, 1823. He was interred in the Dutch Reformed Cemetery.

### Descendants

Through his daughter Patience, he was a grandfather of Patience Riker Lawrence (wife of Timothy Gridley Churchill) and a great-grandfather of Jane Lawrence Churchill, who married Henry Y. Satterlee, the Episcopal Bishop of Washington,
# Grover C. Richardson

Grover Cleveland Richardson Jr. (September 9, 1948 – November 12, 2014) was a state legislator in Arkansas.
He was one of the representatives for Pulaski County, Arkansas. He served in the Arkansas House of Representatives from 1977 to 1984. In 1983 he sponsored a bill to require executions be broadcast live.
According to his obituary, he graduated in 1966 from Horace Mann Sr. High School in Little Rock, received a B.S. degree in business administration from Southern University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana in 1971 where he played football, and attended Southwestern Graduate School of Banking at Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas. He worked at Worthern Bank and Trust in Little Rock and as a tax and business consultant. He served four terms in the Arkansas legislature.
He had three sons with wife Brenda Faulkner Richardson.
# Song Suk-woo

Song Suk-Woo (Korean: 송석우; Hanja: 宋錫雨, born March 1, 1983) is a South Korean short track speed skater who won gold in the 5000m relay at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin.
# Philip Drew

Philip A Drew (born 1948), is a former diver who competed for England.

## Diving career

Drew represented England and won a silver medal in the 10 metres platform, at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, Scotland.
Drew was a member of the Highgate Diving Club and also competed in the springboard event in which he was a Middlesex and Southern counties champion.
# Priyadarshana

Priyadarshana or Priyadarshan is a name of Sanskrit origin. Notable people with this name include:

## Given name

* Priyadasi, an ancient Indian regnal name or honorific title, usually associated with Ashoka (304–232 BCE)
* Priyadarshan, Indian filmmaker
** Priyadarshan filmography
* Priyadarshan Jadhav, Indian actor and director

## Surname

* Mahesh Priyadarshana (born 1981)
* Nalin Priyadarshana (born 1990)
* Nuwan Priyadarshana (born 1993)
# Gillian Hitchen

Gillian Hitchen (born 1959), is a female former athlete who competed for England.

## Athletics career

Hitchen was a National Champion after winning the 1978 UK Athletics Championships title in the high jump.
She represented England in the high jump, at the 1978 Commonwealth Games in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
# Abdullah Khan of Rohilkhand

Nawab Abdullah Khan Bahadur Rohilla (died 1775) was the eldest son of Nawab Ali Muhammad Khan of Rohilkhand and succeeded in absentia to the throne of Rohilkhand and Budaun. He was deposed by the machinations of Hafiz Rehmat Khan and replaced with his younger brother, Nawab Saadullah. Afterwards, he retreated to a spiritual life of an ascetic. He eventually died fighting the British in the Rohilla War.

## Life

Abdullah Khan and his younger brother Faizullah Khan were taken as hostages by the Emperor of Persia, Nadir Shah. He remained until 1752 under the authority of the Afghans and was eventually released by Ahmed Shah Abidali.
On his deathbed, his father Ali Mohammad Khan Rohilla made his ministers swear oaths on the Quran to respect his will and to act as protectors of his children until they reached maturity. He appointed Hafiz Rehmat Khan as regent of Rohilkhand until then. However the ministers and regent all reneged on their promises. In 1754 they orchestrated an argument within the royal family and used it as a pretext to usurp the power and wealth of the orphans. Disgusted, Abdullah Khan and his two younger brothers Muhammad Yar Khan and Allah Yar Khan left for Oojanee.
They were invited back and Abdullah Khan was made the Nawab of Badaun, however his prior experiences and continued mistreatment by Hafiz Rehmat Khan led him to adopt a life of religious asceticism. He eventually died fighting the British in the Rohilla War.
# John Thompson (1749–1823)

John Thompson (March 20, 1749 – September 30, 1823) was a United States representative from New York.

## Biography

Thompson was born in Litchfield in the Connecticut Colony on March 20, 1749. He attended the common schools, and at the age of fourteen moved with his parents to Stillwater, where he became a farmer. Thompson served in the American Revolution as a captain, and commanded a company of the 13th Regiment of Albany County Militia, including participation in the Battles of Saratoga. He was appointed a justice of the peace in 1788 and was a member of the New York State Assembly in 1788 and 1789.
Thompson was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the 6th Congress, serving from March 4, 1799 to March 3, 1801. He was a delegate to the New York State Constitutional Convention in 1801. In 1791 Governor George Clinton appointed him first judge of Saratoga County, and he served until 1809.
Thompson was again elected to Congress in 1806, and he served in the 10th and 11th Congresses, March 4, 1807 to March 3, 1811.
He died in Stillwater on September 30, 1823, and was interred at Yellow Meeting House Cemetery in Stillwater.
# William Kopp (Ohio politician)

William Kopp is a former member of the Ohio House of Representatives.
# Dávid Görgényi

Dávid Görgényi (born 16 August 1990) is a professional Hungarian footballer who plays for Ajka.

## Club statistics

| Club | Season | League | League | Cup | Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Europe | Europe | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Vasas |
| Vasas | 2008–09 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| Vasas | 2009–10 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| Vasas | 2010–11 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| Vasas | 2011–12 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 1 |
| Vasas | 2012–13 | 28 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39 | 1 |
| Vasas | 2013–14 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 1 |
| Vasas | Total | 49 | 2 | 10 | 0 | 19 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 3 |
| Career Total | | 49 | 2 | 10 | 0 | 19 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 3 |
Updated to games played as of 1 March 2014.
# The Gambia (1965–1970)

Between 1965 and 1970, the Gambia was an independent sovereign state that shared its head of state with the United Kingdom and other states headed by Queen Elizabeth II. It was a predecessor to the modern-day republic of The Gambia.
The Gambia was given independence from Britain in 1965 under the Gambia Independence Act 1964, which unified the British Crown Colony and Protectorate of the Gambia into an independent sovereign state. The British monarch, Elizabeth II, remained head of state of The Gambia, which shared its Sovereign with other Commonwealth realms. The Queen's constitutional roles were mostly delegated to the Governor-General of the Gambia. The Governors-General who held office in The Gambia were:
* Sir John Warburton Paul (18 February 1965 – 9 February 1966)
* Sir Farimang Mamadi Singateh (9 February 1966 – 24 April 1970)
After two referendums on the issue, the monarchy was abolished on 24 April 1970, when The Gambia became a republic within the Commonwealth. The first referendum in 1965, with 65.85% in favour and 34.15% against, failed to reach the two-thirds majority needed to pass. The second in 1970 with 70.45% percent of the Gambian people voting in favour of a republic and 29.55% against, was successful. The Gambia adopted a new constitution in 1970 which abolished the monarchy. Sir Dawda Jawara, the prime minister (and head of government) from 1965, became the first President of the Gambia.
Queen Elizabeth II did not visit the Gambia between 1965 and 1970. Her last visit was between 3–5 December 1961.
# Columbia Correctional Institution (Florida)

The Columbia Correctional Institution is a state prison for men located in Lake City, Columbia County, Florida. The facility first opened in 1992, has a mix of security levels including community, minimum, medium, and close, and has a capacity of 1427 inmates.
The Columbia Annex opened in October 2004 and holds another 1,566 inmates at the same security levels. Both prisons are near the Lake City Correctional Facility, a privately run prison that also holds state inmates.

## History

In March 2012 a Columbia correctional officer sergeant named Ruben Thomas was stabbed to death by an inmate. In April 2016 a correctional officer received stab wounds from a prisoner, and the next morning a schizophrenic inmate being held in protective custody was found dead.
In 2016 Florida state representative David Richardson came to tour the prison, visiting initially on November 23 of that year. Inmates personally made numerous complaints to him about poor facilities, and Richardson described the facilities as "unfit for human habitation".

## Notable inmates

* Jonathan Silva – Found guilty of first-degree murder for the murder of his friend Jerry Lee Alley. The story was profiled on A&E's Killer Kids.
* Michael Hernandez – Convicted of first-degree murder of a classmate at his school and attempted first-degree murder for another classmate. He died at the institution in April 2021, at the age of 31.
* Willie James Hodges - Convicted of first-degree murder of Patricia Belanger during a burglary. Formerly on death row and resentenced to life in 2022.
* Randy Schoenwetter – Convicted of the murders of Ronald and Virginia Friskey. Formerly on death row at Union Correctional Institution and resentenced to life in 2021.