OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Brachetto

Brachetto (Italian pronunciation:) is a red Italian wine grape variety grown predominantly in the Piedmont region of northwest Italy. At one time the grape was thought to be related to the French wine grape Braquet, but recent thought among ampelographers is that the two are distinct varieties. In Italy's region of Piedmont the grape is somewhat more widespread: production mostly falling within an area of the provinces of Asti and Alessandria between the rivers Bormida and Belbo plus various parts of the province of Cuneo. At Canelli, on the border between the hills of Asti and the Langhe proper, the grape is known as Borgogna. The most notable wine here is the red Brachetto d'Acqui Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita (DOCG) which is made in both still and spumante (fully sparkling) versions. The Piemonte Brachetto Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC), also a red wine, is made with a minimum of 85% Brachetto; it is usually still, but may be frizzante (lightly sparkling). The grape is also used for up to 10% of the blend for the Ruché-based Ruché di Castagnole Monferrato DOCG.

## Wines

Brachetto tend to produce light-bodied, highly aromatic wines with distinctive notes of strawberries. In the DOCG region of Brachetto d'Acqui, the grape is used to produce a slightly sweet sparkling wine that is similar to Lambrusco and is sometimes called the light red equivalent of Moscato d'Asti.
# Dennis Smelt

Dennis Smelt (November 23, 1763 – October 22, 1818) was a doctor and United States Representative from Georgia. He was born to the Reverend John Smelt, an Oxford-educated Church of England clergyman, in Essex County, Virginia. Smelt attended the College of William & Mary before travelling to England for three years to study medicine. He returned to America, settling in Augusta, Georgia, in 1789. He married Mary Cooper, the third of five daughters of merchant Annanias Cooper, in 1798.
Smelt was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the 9th United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of United States Representative Joseph Bryan. He was reelected to the 10th and 11th Congresses (September 1, 1806 – March 3, 1811). He was not a candidate for reelection to the Twelfth Congress. He died on October 22, 1818, in Augusta, Georgia.
# Richard Lockwood (rugby)

Richard Evison Lockwood (11 November 1867 – 10 November 1915) was a rugby union, and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1880s, 1890s and 1900s. He played representative level rugby union (RU) for England from 1887 to 1894, and was captain in January and February 1894, and Yorkshire, and at club level for Dewsbury and Heckmondwike, as a Three-quarter, and club level rugby league (RL) for Wakefield Trinity, as a Forward, e.g. front row, back row, or lock. Prior to 3 September 1898, Dewsbury was a rugby union club, and prior to the 1896–97 Northern Rugby Football Union season, Heckmondwike was also a rugby union club.

## Background

Dicky Lockwood was born in Crigglestone, Wakefield, West Riding of Yorkshire, England, and he died aged 47 in Leeds, West Riding of Yorkshire, England.

## Biography

Dicky Lockwood was born on 11 November 1867 in Crigglestone. Dicky Lockwood's marriage was registered during first ¼ 1889 in Dewsbury district. Dicky Lockwood was the landlord of The Queen Hotel, Westgate, Heckmondwike.

## Rugby union

Lockwood made his international début on Saturday 8 January 1887 in Llanelli against Wales in the 1887 Home Nations Championship. The match was to have been held at Stradey Park, which would have been that ground's first international rugby union match. The game was arranged for 8 January and a temporary stand was erected to allow a seating area so the club could charge higher ticket prices; but on the day the English team refused to play on the ground as the pitch was frozen. The adjacent cricket ground was in better condition, so the match was moved there along with the entire crowd, many members of which were extremely unhappy as they lost their seating area. Of the 14 matches he played for his national side he was on the winning side on 8 occasions. He played his last match for England on Saturday 3 February 1894 at Rectory Field, Blackheath in the England vs Ireland match.

## Rugby league

When Heckmondwike converted from the rugby union code to the rugby league code for the 1896–97 Northern Rugby Football Union season, Dicky Lockwood had already transferred from Heckmondwike to Wakefield Trinity the previous season, consequently, he only ever played rugby union for Heckmondwike, he played rugby league for Wakefield Trinity at centre from October 1895 finishing in the 1900–01 season, having scored 31-tries, and 60-goals, scoring 222-points for Wakefield Trinity.
# All Got Our Runnins

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| PopMatters | favourable |
| Prefix Magazine | 5.0/10 |
| Tiny Mix Tapes | |
All Got Our Runnins is the only EP released by UK act the Streets. Following the critical and commercial success of debut album Original Pirate Material, the EP was released exclusively as a digital download, distributed via iTunes and Napster, among others. It features a compilation of remixes and non-album tracks taken from the Streets' first four singles.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Mike Skinner
# All Souled Out

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Christgau's Consumer Guide | |
| The Rolling Stone Album Guide | |
| Tom Hull – on the Web | B+ |
All Souled Out is the debut EP by Pete Rock & CL Smooth. It was released in the summer of 1991 to rave reviews and spawned a modest hit in "The Creator".
After participation in the production and/or remixes of songs by various hip hop and R&B artists in the late 1980s to early 1990s, the duo signed to Elektra Records. All Souled Out was a warm up to their debut album, Mecca and the Soul Brother. All the rapping on the album is performed by C.L. Smooth with the exception of "The Creator", a Pete Rock solo track. A deluxe edition of All Souled Out was released on February 18, 2014 on Traffic Entertainment Group, featuring the original 6 EP tracks, along with remix and instrumental versions of "The Creator" & "Mecca & the Soul Brother".
The first single "The Creator" was featured in the opening credits of the 2015 Christmas film, The Night Before.

## Album singles

* Single information
* "The Creator"
* Released: 1991
* B-side: "Mecca And The Soul Brother"

## Charts

| Chart (1992) | Peak position |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard) | 30 |
# Always Has Been

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Pitchfork | 6.4/10 |
Always Has Been is an EP by indie hip hop artist J-Live, released in 2003 on Triple Threat Productions. It consists of six songs recorded early in J-Live's career, prior to the release of his first album The Best Part. It was released simultaneously with Always Will Be, another EP by J-Live.
The tracks "Braggin Writes" and "Schools In" were rerecorded for The Best Part. The tracks "Longevity", "Can I Get It", and "Hush the Crowd" had not been released on either of J-Live's previous albums.

## Track listing

* "Longevity" - (5:09)
* "Braggin Writes" - (3:12)
* "Can I Get It" - (4:11)
* "Hush the Crowd" - (4:31)
* "Braggin Writes (Dome Cracker Remix)" - (3:49)
* "Schools In" - (4:39)
# Az Much Ass Azz U Want

Az Much Ass Azz U Want is one of two extended play albums by American female rap group H.W.A. The EP was released on February 22, 1994 under Ruthless Records and was produced by Cold 187um, Mista Choc, DJ Yella and Rhythum D, with executive production by Eazy-E. Due to the record being both a critical and commercial failure, only making it to #71 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and #33 on the Top Heatseekers album charts, the group disbanded later the same year. One single was released, "All That (Juzt A Little Action)", but it did not make it on any album charts. The music video received heavy airplay and featured an appearance by Eazy-E.

## Track listing

Adapted from Discogs
Note
* "Hoe I Am" sampled "I'm A Ho" by Whodini (1986)

## Personnel

* Antoine Carraby - producer (track 5)
* Vince Edwards - songwriter (tracks 1, 7)
* Mario “Mista Choc”Johnson - producer (tracks 1, 5-7), co-producer (track 3)
* Kim Kenner - main performer
* Jerry Long Jr. - additional vocals (track 4)
* Mark Paladino - mixing (tracks 1, 3, 6)
* Donovan Smith - mixing (track 2)
* David Weldon - producer & mixing (track 2)
* Eric Wright - executive producer
* B.O.X. - songwriter (tracks 2-3, 5, 7)
# Frank Eddy

Frank Marion Eddy (April 1, 1856 – January 13, 1929) was a United States representative from Minnesota's 7th congressional district. Eddy was born in Pleasant Grove Township, Minnesota, before moving to Iowa in 1860 with his family. They returned in 1863 to Olmsted County, Minnesota, and settled near Elmira. In 1867, they moved to Sauk Centre, Minnesota, where Eddy attended the common schools.
Eddy taught school in a rural district before joining the Northern Pacific Railroad Company as a land examiner in 1881 and 1882. He then moved to Glenwood, Minnesota, and served as clerk of the district court of Pope County from 1884 to 1893.
In 1894, Eddy was elected as the first United States Representative from Minnesota who was a native of the state. He was elected as a Republican to the 54th, 55th, 56th, and 57th congresses, March 4, 1895, until March 3, 1903. While a congressman, Eddy served as chairman of the Committee on Mines and Mining in the 57th congress. He declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1902.
After his terms in Congress, Eddy became editor and owner of the Sauk Centre Herald. He died on January 13, 1929, in Saint Paul, Minnesota, and was interred in Greenwood Cemetery in Sauk Centre.
# Mary Kay (landscape photographer)

Mary Kay (born Maria Kaimaki) is a Greek landscape photographer. She was the 2011 Digital Camera World Photographer of the Year for the Gardens and Plants category with her work Autumn Interlude.
# Wellington Lake

Wellington Lake is a lake situated in the Keelachiruvoi ,pulivalam to Ivanur Villages,(Near Tittakudi) Tittakudi taluk of the Cuddalore district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the second-largest lake in Tamil Nadu after the Veeranam Lake, which also is situated in the Cuddalore district.
It is primarily a rain-fed lake, while its main tributary is the Vellar River that originates from the Shevaroy Hills. Smaller creeks that originate from the Nangoor reserve forest and the Lakkur reserve forest form the secondary tributaries.
The Wellington Lake also has about 27 ancillary lakes and together they form the primary source of irrigation for nearly 25,000 acres (10,000 hectares) of land and over 67 villages dependent on it for cultivation.
The lake is also a noted trout fishery and home to a small-scale inland fishing industry.
# Francesca Pometta

Francesca Pometta (June 24, 1926 – March 16, 2016) was a Swiss diplomat. She was the first woman to serve as a diplomat for Switzerland.

## Biography

Pometta was born on June 24, 1926, in Geneva, Switzerland. Her father was Carlo Pometta, a lawyer and judge, and her mother was Monique Pfäffli. Upon completing her education at the University of Lausanne, Pometta joined the Federal Political Department (DPF) of Switzerland. From 1958 to 1960, Pometta worked as a clerk for the DPF, before she was posted at the Swiss embassy in Washington, D.C.
In 1966, Pometta was appointed as the Swiss observer of the United Nations in New York City. She later worked at the Swiss embassy in Rome before being appointed as a deputy director for the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs. In 1975, Pometta became the first Swiss woman to reach the rank of "minister". From 1981 to 1987, she served as the head of the Swiss mission to the United Nations, before she was appointed as the ambassador to Italy, Malta and San Marino. Pometta was the first female ambassador in Swiss history.
In 1991, Pometta retired from active diplomatic service. Pometta dedicated her post-diplomatic career towards serving in the International Committee of the Red Cross from 1991 to 1996, and as a member of an international commission to provide aid for Holocaust victims from 1997 to 2000.
Pometta retired to the Swiss town of Genthod. On March 16, 2016, she died of natural causes at age 89.
# Stanford Darger

Stanford Parley Darger (October 15, 1920 – May 7, 2014) was an American politician and businessman.
Born in Salt Lake City, Utah, Darger received his bachelor's degree in business and marketing from the University of Utah. He worked for General Electric and then owned Darger Ford in Magna, Utah. He served in the Utah House of Representatives from 1963 to 1972 as a Republican. He died in Salt Lake City, Utah.
# Seats-to-votes ratio

The seats-to-votes ratio, also known as the advantage ratio, is a measure of equal representation of voters. The equation for seats-to-votes ratio for a political party i is:
    $\mathrm {a_{i}} =s_{i}/v_{i}$,
where $\mathrm {v_{i}}$ is fraction of votes cast for that party and $s_{i}$ is fraction of seats won by that party.
In the case both seats and votes are represented as fractions or percentages, then every voter has equal representation if the seats-to-votes ratio is 1. The principle of equal representation is expressed in slogan one man, one vote and relates to proportional representation. The seats-to-votes ratio is used as the basis for the Gallagher index method of analyzing proportionality or disproportionality.
Related is the votes-per-seat-won, which is inverse to the seats-to-votes ratio.
Also related are the principles of one man one vote and representation by population.

## Relation to disproportionality indices

The Sainte-Laguë Index is a disproportionality index derived by applying the Pearson's chi-squared test to the seats-to-votes ratio, the Gallagher index has a similar formula.

## Seats-to-votes ratio for seat allocation to parties

Different apportionment methods such as Sainte-Laguë method and D'Hondt method differ in the seats-to-votes ratio for individual parties.

### Seats-to-votes ratio for Sainte-Laguë method

The Sainte-Laguë method optimizes the seats-to-votes ratio among all parties $i$ with the least squares approach.
Disproportionality, the difference of the parties' seats-to-votes ratio and the ideal seats-to-votes ratio for each party, is squared, weighted according to the vote share of each party and summed up:
$error=\sum _{i}{v_{i}*\left({\frac {s_{i}}{v_{i}}}-1\right)^{2}}$
It was shown that this error is minimized by the Sainte-Laguë method.

### Seats-to-votes ratio for D'Hondt method

The D'Hondt method approximates proportionality by minimizing the largest seats-to-votes ratio among all parties. The largest seats-to-votes ratio, which measures how over-represented the most over-represented party among all parties is:
$\delta =\max _{i}a_{i},$
The D'Hondt method minimizes the largest seats-to-votes ratio by assigning the seats,
$\delta ^{*}=\min _{\mathbf {s} \in {\mathcal {S}}}\max _{i}a_{i},$
where $\mathbf {s}$ is a seat allocation from the set of all allowed seat allocations ${\mathcal {S}}$.
# Ćmielów Porcelain Works

The Ćmielów Porcelain Works (Polish: Zakłady Porcelany „Ćmielów”; pronounced:), in Ćmielów, Holy Cross Province, Poland, are the oldest and among the largest porcelain works in Poland, and the largest thin-walled-china works in Europe, their products described as "likely the most recognizable Polish porcelain." The Works trace their history to craft manufactories that were established in Ćmielów in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

## History

The Ćmielów Porcelain Works trace their history to a craft manufactory that was established in the town of Ćmielów in 1790. Another milestone was the 1804 creation of a larger manufactory by Count Jacek Małachowski. Production of porcelain began in 1838 (previously, local ceramic production had been mostly of simpler varieties such as faience). In 1901 the firm received a grand prize at the All-Russia Exhibition in St. Petersburg. The manufactory changed owners several times, in 1921 becoming a S.A.-type corporation. In 1924, the firm acquired a smaller works in nearby Chodzież.
In 1946, the firm was nationalized in communist Poland. Also that year, Ćmielów Porcelain workers staged a strike protesting a three-month shortage of flour.
Half a century later, in 1997, the firm was reprivatized and in the mid-2010s was split between two owners (Polskie Fabryki Porcelany „Ćmielów” i „Chodzież” SA; and Fabryki Porcelany AS).

## Designs

After 1840, Ćmielów products were often decorated with rural landscapes; scenes from history, mythology, or the Bible; and portraits of famous persons.
During the interwar period, the firm's flagship products designed by, among others, Bogdan Wendorf, became known internationally, with buyers including the royal court in Belgium and the Vatican City. Other notable designers working for the firm included Wincenty Potacki, Franciszek Kalfas, Józef Szewczyk, and Lubomir Tomaszewski. The Empire design was created in the 1930s by B. Wysocki and J. Steckiewicz, to the order of Polish President Ignacy Mościcki, for Warsaw's Royal Castle. The design is used in official settings throughout the world, including the Chancellery of the President of the Republic of Poland and the royal court in Belgium.
In the 1950s and 1960s, the firm produced "new-look" decorative Ćmielów figurines. New owners in post-communist Poland endeavored to renew their hand-made production and published a catalog. In 2004, the owners resumed their collaboration with artists Lubomir Tomaszewski and Mieczysław Naruszewicz, who had been behind the success of the 1960s figurines.
Ćmielów ceramics are exhibited in numerous Polish museums, the largest collection being at the National Museum in Kielce (Muzeum Narodowe w Kielcach).
# En (typography)

An en (from English en quadrat) is a typographic unit, half of the width of an em. By definition, it is equivalent to half of the body height of the typeface (e.g., in 16-point type it is 8 points). The en is sometimes referred to as the "nut", to avoid confusion with the similar-sounding "em".
The en dash (–) and en space ( ) are each one en wide. In English, the en dash is commonly used for inclusive ranges (e.g., "pages 12–17" or "August 7, 1988 – November 26, 2005"), to connect prefixes to open compounds (e.g., "pre–World War II").
The en-dash is also increasingly used to replace the long dash ("—", also called an em dash or em rule). When using it to replace a long dash, spaces are needed either side of it – like so. This is standard practice in the German language, where the hyphen is the only dash without spaces on either side (line breaks are not spaces per se).

## History

Some sources claim the term "en" was derived from the letter "n", which is roughly half the width of the letter "m". This etymology, however, is disputed.
Beginning in the late 18th century, compositors were frequently paid by the en, rather than by the page. In the United Kingdom, a commonly cited "standard" rate was 1,000 ens per hour, although actual compositors' output varied widely. Many workers fell short of this figure, while skilled workers were known to set 2,000–3,000 ens per hour, and late-1900s typesetting competitions often saw participants reach a corrected rate of 4,000 ens per hour. After the introduction of the Linotype typesetters frequently reached rates of at least 6,000 ens per hour.

## Associated symbols

* en space: U+2002   EN SPACE (&ensp; · &#8194; · &#x2002;)
* en dash: U+2013 – EN DASH (&ndash; · &#8211; · &#x2013;)
# Fredokiss

Fredo Penjani Kamlepo Kalua (born March 28, 1986), best known as Fredokiss, is a Malawian rapper and songwriter. In 2020, he was nominated in UMP Award in Best Hip Hop Act and his music video "Dadada" won Music Video of the Year. In 2017, he won three categories namely, Artist of the Year, Best rapper and Best Live Act.

## Background
### Early life

Kalua was born on March 28, 1986, in Lilongwe and raised in Blantyre. His home village is Mzimba and he is a Tumbuka by tribe. He completed his primary schooling in Blantyre as well as his secondary school education.

## Achievements
### UMP Awards

Sources:
| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result |
| 2020 | Dadada | Best Music Video of Year | Won |
| 2020 | Himself | Best Music Video of Year 2020 | Nominated |
| 2020 | Himself | Humanitarian Award | Won |
| 2019 | Ndagoma – Fredokiss ft Bucci and AK | Music Video of the Year | Won |
| 2018 | Himself | Artist of the Year | Nominated |
| 2018 | Gwamba ft Fredokiss – Nthawi Zanji | Collaboration of the Year | Nominated |
| 2018 | Himself | Best Hip Hop Artist/Group | Nominated |
| 2018 | Himself | Best Live Act | Nominated |
| 2017 | Himself | Artist of the Year | Won |
| 2017 | Himself | Best Rap/Hip Hop Artist | Won |
| 2017 | Himself | Best Live Act | Won |
| 2016 | Himself | Best Hiphop Artist | Won |
# Gwamba

Duncan Zgambo (born November 4, 1990), professionally known as Gwamba, is a Malawi-born Rapper and Philanthropist.

## Early life

Gwamba is the youngest of four siblings. He spent most of his childhood in area 18, Lilongwe. In 2005 he and 3 friends formed a rap grouped called the Pittie Boys, before he started his solo career in 2009.

## Music career

Gwamba's rap career was inspired by US rapper 50 Cent and local musician The Basement. He released a single with the Pittie Boiz called "Work That Thing", which got airplay on FM 101 radio's Gowelo Beatz in 2008. Gwamba started recording as a solo artist 2009 and has made singles such as "Mmesa", "Tikakumane Kumadzi", "Sindingasiye Bawa", "Carina ya Mdala". In 2013 Gwamba released 3 singles: "Ndi Ofewa featuring EMM Q, Bola Kusache featuring Nesnes and Ndiyima Pachulu Featuring Bucci". Ndiyima pachulu Music video was released in February 2014. A songwriter, Gwamba's lyrics are inspired by real life and being around good people. He has worked with local hip-hop acts such as BarryOne, Young Kay, Phyzix and dancehall star Blak jak. Gwamba now a Gospel artist has released a number of singles such as "Better" and "Alleluyah" both featuring Emm Q and "Nzeru" featuring Maskal. In 2015 he won the award for Artist of The Year at the Urban Music People (UMP Awards), he also won 3 awards at the 2017 UMP awards, 1 award at the 2017 Nyasa music awards, 1 Award at the 2018 UMP Awards.
In 2016, he released his debut album titled Jesus Is My Boss. Gwamba has since released The true independence.
In 2022, he was featured in a song "Mundikumbuse" by Ritta, award winning malawian female afro singer.

## Philanthropy

In 2019: Gwamba became the CEO for Shepherd Bushiri Foundation, a humanitarian organization that was founded by Dr Shepherd Bushiri. Apart from being the CEO for SBF, he has his own charity programs, notable ones including the 2016 1 Million Kwacha Jesus is My Boss Football and Netball Trophy in area 18, 2017 2 Million Kwacha Football and Netball Trophy in area 18, 2017 1 Million Kwacha football and Netball trophy in Ntcheu, a donation of 500,000 Kwacha at Pashello charitable trust in Chikwawa in 2016, a donation of 2 million Kwacha to Pashello charitable trust in 2018, a donation of 3 Million Kwacha of Pashello charitable trust in 2019.