OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Calcium pump

Calcium pumps are a family of ion transporters found in the cell membrane of all animal cells. They are responsible for the active transport of calcium out of the cell for the maintenance of the steep Ca$^{2+}$ electrochemical gradient across the cell membrane. Calcium pumps play a crucial role in proper cell signalling by keeping the intracellular calcium concentration roughly 10,000 times lower than the extracellular concentration. Failure to do so is one cause of muscle cramps.
The plasma membrane Ca$^{2+}$ ATPase and the sodium-calcium exchanger are together the main regulators of cytoplasmic Ca$^{2+}$ concentrations.

## Biological role

Ca$^{2+}$ has many important roles as an intracellular messenger. The release of a large amount of free Ca$^{2+}$ can trigger a fertilized egg to develop, skeletal muscle cells to contract, secretion by secretory cells and interactions with Ca$^{2+}$ -responsive proteins like calmodulin. To maintain low concentrations of free Ca$^{2+}$ in the cytosol, cells use membrane pumps like calcium ATPase found in the membranes of sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle. These pumps are needed to provide the steep electrochemical gradient that allows Ca$^{2+}$ to rush into the cytosol when a stimulus signal opens the Ca$^{2+}$ channels in the membrane. The pumps are also necessary to actively pump the Ca$^{2+}$ back out of the cytoplasm and return the cell to its pre-signal state.

## Crystallography of calcium pumps

The structure of calcium pumps found in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle was elucidated in 2000 by Toyoshima, et al. using microscopy of tubular crystals and 3D microcrystals. The pump has a molecular mass of 110,000 amu, shows three well separated cytoplasmic domains, with a transmembrane domain consisting of ten alpha helices and two transmembrane Ca$^{2+}$ binding sites.

## Mechanism

Classical theory of active transport for P-type ATPases
| E1 → | (2H$^+$ out, 2Ca$^{2+}$ in)→ | E1⋅2Ca$^{2+}$ → | E1⋅ ATP |
| E2 | | | E1⋅ADP |
| ↑(Pi out) | | | ↓(ADP out) |
| E2⋅Pi | ← E2P | ←(2H$^+$ in, 2Ca$^{2+}$ out) | ← E1P |
Data from crystallography studies by Chikashi Toyoshima applied to the above cycle
* E1 - high affinity for Ca$^{2+}$, 2 Ca$^{2+}$ bound, 2 H$^+$ counter ions released
* E1⋅2Ca$^{2+}$ - cytoplasmic gate open, free Ca$^{2+}$ ion exchange occurs between bound ions and those in cytoplasm, closed configuration of N, P, A domains broken, exposing catalytic site
* E1⋅ ATP - ATP binds and links N to P, P bends, N contacts A, A causes M1 helix to pull up, closes cytoplasmic gate, bound Ca$^{2+}$ occluded in transmembrane
* E1⋅ADP - Phosphoryl transfer, ADP dissociates
* E1P - A rotates, transmembrane helices rearrange, binding sites destroyed, lumenal gate opened, bound Ca$^{2+}$ released
* E2P - open ion pathway to lumen, Ca$^{2+}$ to lumen
* E2⋅Pi - A catalyzes release of the Pi, P unbends, transmembrane helices rearranged, closes lumenal gate
* E2 - transmembrane M1 forms cytoplasmic access tunnel to Ca$^{2+}$ binding sites
# Hundvåkøy

Hundvåko or Hundvåkøy is an island in Austevoll municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The 10.7-square-kilometre (4.1 sq mi) island lies southeast of the island of Stora Kalsøy and northwest of the large island of Huftarøy. There are bridge connections to both of those islands.
The main population centres on Hundvåko are the villages of Austevollshella and Toranger. The island has a population (in 2001) of 554 inhabitants.
The island is rocky and barren with few forested areas and much heathland. There are flocks of wild spælsau sheep that live year-round on the island in the heathland. This breed of sheep has roamed on the island since Viking times.
# Darren & Brose (TV series)

Darren & Brose is an Australian late night television comedy programme hosted by Darren Chau and Brose Avard. The show premiered on Thursday 2 July 2015 at 11pm on Network Ten's one.

## Episodes

| No. in series | Guest(s) | Original air date |
| 1 | Julia Morris, Denise Drysdale, Stefan Dennis, Dave O'Neil, David Reyne, Lawrence Leung and music from Mike Brady | 2 July 2015 (2015-07-02) |
| 2 | Brian Mannix, Blair McDonough, Christie Whelan, Tim Smith and Kevin Harrington | 9 July 2015 (2015-07-09) |
| 3 | Max Walker, Sam Pang, Steve Moneghetti, Julia Morris, Christie Whelan, Dickie Knee and music from Krista Polvere | 16 July 2015 (2015-07-16) |
| 4 | Michala Banas, Toby Truslove, Marty Sheargold, Lawrence Leung, Blair McDonough and music from Elbow Skin | 23 July 2015 (2015-07-23) |
| 5 | Kate Ceberano, Dylan Lewis, Stefan Dennis, Dave O'Neil and music from Andrew De Silva | 30 July 2015 (2015-07-30) |
| 6 | Denise Drysdale, David Reyne, Marty Sheargold, Michala Banas and Kate Ceberano | 6 August 2015 (2015-08-06) |
| 7 | Best of Series 1 compilation and exclusive unaired bonus bits | 13 August 2015 (2015-08-13) |
# Yessica

Yessica is a female given name and may refer to:
* Yessica Chávez (born 1988), Mexican world champion boxer and International Boxing Hall of Famer.
* Yéssica Mouton (born 1987), Bolivian model who was crowned Miss Bolivia 2011, and competed in the 2012 Miss Universe
* Yessica Ramírez, who represented the Mexican state of Baja California in the national pageant Nuestra Belleza Mexico
* Yessica Salazar, woman from the Mexican state of Jalisco who competed in Nuestra Belleza Mexico and obtained the title of Miss Mexico World
# San Vicente Ferrer, Querétaro

San Vicente Ferrer is a settlement in El Marqués, Querétaro, Mexico. It is named for Saint Vincent Ferrer.
In 2023, the National Commission of Natural Protected Areas declared the Peña Colorada a protected area, which in part aided the preservation of San Vicente Ferrer's archaeological site. The same year, Governor Mauricio Kuri González headed the development of State Highway 540 between San Vicente Ferrer and Chichimequillas.
# Mary Louisa Kirschner

Mary Louisa Kirschner (7 January 1852 – 30 June 1931) was a painter and glass artist.

## Biography

Kirschner was born in Prague and first trained in Vienna with Anton Hansch and later with Adolf Heinrich Lier, under whom she showed her first works in Munich in 1871. In 1873 she began making copies after Jules Dupré and that winter her family moved to Paris, where she met him in person. When he saw her copies, he said "Jamais je n'ai été copié comme cela. J'aurais pu m'y trompera moi-même." She was accepted as his only pupil. She returned to her family's home in the Czech countryside where she painted Polish oxen that were favorably received in London in the Aquarium, Westminster in 1876.
From 1887 Marie Kirschner lived with her younger sister Aloisia Kirschner in Berlin, but spent the summers in Bohemia. She was a member of the Berlin Lyceum Club. In Prague, she also belonged to the American Progressive League. Her acquaintances included Zdenka Braunerová.
In later life she became a glass artist, working mostly in the Jugendstil style.
Kirschner remained unmarried like her sister Aloisia. She died in Košátky. She was buried in the family grave at Malvazinky cemetery in Prague.
# Canadian Mexicans

Canadian Mexicans are Mexican citizens with Canadian ancestry or immigrants from Canada.
An important Canadian-descended group is the Plautdietsch-speaking "Russian" Mennonites and their descendants, who emigrated from Canada to Mexico starting in 1922.

## History
### Early immigration

Individuals born in what is now Canada have been present in Mexico since the early republic. For example, the Quebec-born Michel Branamour Menard was a settler in Mexican Texas and became a Mexican citizen.
In 1851, French Canadian doctor Jean Auguste Clouthier settled in Sinaloa. He is an ancestor of the Clouthier political family.
An important Canadian immigrant was engineer Carlos Henry Bosdet, who set up the first telephone line in Mexico in 1878.
Canadian immigrants were first tabulated in the 1900 census. A total of 140 individuals, 102 men and 38 women, were counted.

### Mennonite immigration

The ancestors of the Mennonites living in Mexico arrived via Canada. Migration to Mexico took place mainly from 1922 to 1927, with smaller groups coming after World War II.
The 1930 census counted 7,779 Canadian immigrants; 3,862 men and 3,917 women. Most, but not all, of these immigrants were Mennonites.
The first settlers moved to the State of Chihuahua (near Cuauhtemoc) and Durango (near Nuevo Ideal). Later daughter-settlements in other states were established (San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Sonora, Zacatecas, Campeche, Quintana Roo and Tamaulipas). Today, there are about 100,000 Mennonites in Mexico.

### Recent immigration

Contemporary Canadian emigrants to Mexico consist mainly of working professionals that settle in larger cities and retired individuals living in smaller towns.
According to Canada's Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, there are about 6,000 Canadians living in Mexico, but only 3,000 are registered with the Canadian Embassy in Mexico City. According to statistics from Mexico's National Institute of Statistics and Geography, in 2009 there were 10,869 Canadian-born persons living in Mexico.
According to INEGI's 2020 census, there are 12,439 Canadian-born emigrants residing in Mexico.

## Notable individuals

* Arnold Belkin, artist
* Alex Phillips, cinematographer
* Fannie Kauffman, actress
* Vampiro, pro wrestler
# Ectaesthesius

Ectaesthesius bifrons is a species of crabs in the family Xanthidae, the only species in the genus Ectaesthesius.
# Leland Olds Station

Leland Olds Station is a coal fired power station in Stanton, North Dakota. It is run by the Basin Electric Power Cooperative.
It was built in 1961 and named after the previous Chairman of the Federal Power Commission, Leland Olds.
# Tuberoschistura

Tuberoschistura is a small genus of stone loaches found in Southeast Asia.

## Species

There are currently two recognized species in this genus:
* Tuberoschistura baenzigeri (Kottelat, 1983)
* Tuberoschistura cambodgiensis Kottelat, 1990
# Josef Mauder

Josef Mauder (1854 – 1920) was a Czech sculptor, painter, art critic, and professor.

## Biography

He was the youngest of four children born to the tailor, František Mauder (1810-1861), and his wife Karolína née Feifarová. His older brothers, Jeroným and Karel, became goldsmiths. In 1869 and 1870, he received two preparatory semesters at the School of Applied Arts then, from 1870 to 1877, studied painting at the Academy of Fine Arts with Josef Matyáš Trenkwald, Jan Swerts and Antonín Lhota. Sculpting was not part of the curriculum there at that time, so he took private lessons in the studios of Tomáš Seidan. He held his first exhibition there in 1875.
After completing his studies, he worked as an assistant at the Academy, and opened his own studio in 1882. The following year, he was appointed a Professor at the State Industrial School, where he taught drawing and modelling until 1911. His students included František Bílek, Stanislav Sucharda and Leonard Rotter.
In 1885, he married Julia Meergansová (1855-1912). They had no children. Shortly after his marriage, he and Julia took an extended trip throughout Italy. Their home became a meeting place for many artists and writers. One of his closest friends was the poet, Julius Zeyer, with whom he shared a passion for collecting antiques. After Zeyer's death in 1901, he created a monument for him at Chotkovy sady [cs], in the Hradčany district.
He was an active member of an association devoted to the support of young artists, and the Union of Fine Artists [cs], which was establishing connections with Russian artists, as part of a Slavic resurgence in German and Austrian territories. An exhibition, chaired by Ilya Repin, was held in Prague in 1900. Two years later, a showing of sculptures by Auguste Rodin was held in Prague. It had a substantial influence on younger sculptors, but Mauder remained unimpressed by the new styles.
He was also a member of a jury appointed by the Prague City Council to assess several proposed monument design competitions, and the sculptural decorations for public buildings. In addition, he was involved in the process of restoring a group of statues by Ferdinand Brokoff that collapsed when the Charles Bridge was damaged by a flood in 1890.
He died at the age of sixty-five, and is interred next to his wife, Julia, at Olšany Cemetery. The relief on his tomb was created by his former student, Bílek. His antique collection was bequeathed to the National Museum, and his remaining sculptures were auctioned off to create a fund for the support of young artists.
# Lake of the Woods, Virginia

Lake of the Woods is a census-designated place in Locust Grove, Orange County, Virginia, United States. It is a gated subdivision covering approximately 2,600 acres with 4,260 lots (850 with lake frontage) distributed among 16 sections (many named after well-known southern names and landmarks). It includes more than 41 miles of paved private roads, and since 2020 has been listed in the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Lake of the Woods has grown into a bedroom community for Fredericksburg, within the trade area of Spotsylvania County, Virginia. The population as of the 2010 Census was 7,177.
Founded as a resort community built around a man-made lake, it now includes two lakes: the Main Lake and Keaton's Lake. The Main Lake covers 500 acres and is fed by Flat Run and numerous springs. Veterans Memorial Dam, spanning 1,450 feet along the northwest edge of the Main Lake, was built in 1968. The Main Lake ranges in depth from two feet at the upper southwest end, where Flat Run feeds the lake, to 45 feet at the upper end near the dam. It has two marinas, seven lake access areas, and eight sand beaches. Keaton's Lake is a 35-acre impoundment about 7 feet deep, at the northeast corner of the community close to Route 3; its dam spans 450 feet.
Lake of the Woods has its own Volunteer Fire and Rescue company.
Lake of the Woods was created in 1967 by Virginia Wildlife Clubs, a subsidiary of U.S. Land, Inc., and subsequently bought and developed into single family owner occupied housing by Boise Cascade Corporation. The Lake of the Woods Association, Inc. assumed ownership of the common areas and control in 1972.
Lake of the Woods, just outside of Spotsylvania County/Fredericksburg is in the northern neck of Orange County where the cross-commuting interchange with the Washington Metropolitan Area is high enough to merit inclusion in the Metropolitan Area, although more farther south parts of Orange County are more rural and still cause the overall county-wide commuter interchange to fall below the threshold for inclusion in the Washington Metropolitan Area which is calculated by the county level. In 2020, Lake of the Woods began being listed on US Census data as part of Combined Statistical Area within Washington,DC-Baltimore,MD-Arlington,VA.
# Paul Thompson (neuroscientist)

Paul Thompson (born 13 June 1971) is a British-American neuroscientist, and a professor of neurology at the Imaging Genetics Center at the University of Southern California. Thompson obtained a bachelor's degree in Greek and Latin languages and mathematics from Oxford University. He also earned a master's degree in mathematics from Oxford and a PhD degree in neuroscience from University of California, Los Angeles.
Thompson specializes in the field of human brain imaging, with research interest in mathematical and computational algorithm development for human brain mapping, and has contributed to more than 900 publications. He currently leads the Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) project, a global data collection and sharing effort designed to understand how brain structure changes during the trajectory of brain atrophy, mental illness and Alzheimer's disease and the underlying genetic landscape.

## Research

The ENIGMA Consortium, co-founded by Thompson, performs some of the largest-ever studies of the human brain, analyzing brain scans of more than 50,000 people worldwide. This collaborative group studies 22 brain diseases in 37 countries, focusing on the interaction between brain health and genetics. ENIGMA has published some of the largest-ever neuroimaging studies of schizophrenia, major depression, bipolar disorder, epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, and obsessive–compulsive disorder.
In 2020, Thompson launched AI4AD, a consortium of researchers across the United States that aims to develop AI tools to analyze and integrate genetic, imaging and cognitive data relating to Alzheimer’s disease.
In 2023, Thompson launched the India ENIGMA Initiative, a study of factors that affect brain aging and mental health in India.

## Academic career

Thompson began his academic career as an assistant professor of neurology at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), after completing his PhD in neuroscience as a Fulbright Scholar at UCLA. During his time at UCLA, Thompson was promoted to professor in 2010.
In 2013, Thompson moved to the University of Southern California (USC), where he was named director of the USC Imaging Genetics Center and associate director of the USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute. He is also a professor in the Keck School of Medicine of USC departments of ophthalmology, neurology, psychiatry and the behavioral sciences, radiology and engineering.

## Awards

In 2023, Thompson received the 2023 Pioneer in Medicine Award from the Society for Brain Mapping and Therapeutics.

## Impact

Thompson has been named one of “the world’s most influential scientific minds” and a highly cited researcher by Thomson Reuters. In March 2022, he was ranked as the number 181 most cited researcher worldwide based on his whole career h-index of 188 (based on Google Scholar).
# Yug Dekhi Yug Samma

Yug Dekhi Yug Samma (Nepali: युग देखी युग सम्म) is a 1991 Nepalese film directed by Deepak Rayamajhi and starring Rajesh Hamal, and Kristi Mainali. This is Hamal's first Nepali movie as a lead actor.
Kristi Mainali and Rajesh Hamal have acted together in 6 movies including this. They appeared in Kasam (1992), Gopi Krishna (1992), Aparadh (1994), Sadak (1994) and Adhikar (1995).

## Premise

The film concerns the romance of a young couple, amidst the pressure of their family rivalries are bound to a path which seemed irreversible.

## Cast

* Rajesh Hamal as Aasheesh
* Kristi Mainali as Kanchan
* Tika Pahari as Trilok Chandra Thapa, Kanchan's father
* Sushila Rayamajhi
* Madan Das Shrestha
* Rachana Singh
* Gopal Raj Mainali
* Mohan Niraula
* Gopal Bhutani
* Narendra Thapa
* Santu Tamang
* N.B. Maharjan
* Pradeep Singh
* Srawan Kumar Acharya as Fighting Artist

## Music

All the songs were composed by Sambhujeet Baskota and the lyrics were penned by Kiran Kharel, Dinesh Adhikari, Kamal Thapa, and Kuber Sharma.
| Song | Singer(s) |
| Andhile Rokna Sakdaina | Udit Narayan Jha, Anuradha Paudwal |
| Nachana Maichang | Danny Denzongpa |
| Ma Nachchu | Vijay Benedict |
| Tin Pate Dada | Anuradha Paudwal |
| Man Bhitra | Udit Narayan Jha, Deepa Jha |
| Man Bhitra (sad) | |
# Visual analogue scale

The visual analogue scale (VAS) is a psychometric response scale that can be used in questionnaires. It is a measurement instrument for subjective characteristics or attitudes that cannot be directly measured. When responding to a VAS item, respondents specify their level of agreement to a statement by indicating a position along a continuous line between two end points.

## Comparison to other scales

This continuous (or "analogue") aspect of the scale differentiates it from discrete scales such as the Likert scale. There is evidence showing that visual analogue scales have superior metrical characteristics than discrete scales, thus a wider range of statistical methods can be applied to the measurements.
The VAS can be compared to other linear scales such as the Likert scale or Borg scale. The sensitivity and reproducibility of the results are broadly very similar, although the VAS may outperform the other scales in some cases. These advantages extend to measurement instruments made up from combinations of visual analogue scales, such as semantic differentials.

## Uses

Recent advances in methodologies for Internet-based research include the development and evaluation of visual analogue scales for use in Internet-based questionnaires.
VAS is the most common pain scale for quantification of endometriosis-related pain and skin graft donor site-related pain. A review came to the conclusion that VAS and numerical rating scale (NRS) were the best adapted pain scales for pain measurement in endometriosis. For research purposes, and for more detailed pain measurement in clinical practice, the review suggested use of VAS or NRS for each type of typical pain related to endometriosis (dysmenorrhea, deep dyspareunia and non-menstrual chronic pelvic pain), combined with the clinical global impression (CGI) and a quality of life scale. VAS is being increasingly used for the assessment of loudness and annoyance of acute and chronic tinnitus.
The usage of a visual analogue scale (VAS) measuring fear of birth (FOB) was first initiated by Rouhe et al. FOBS is used to identify pregnant women with a fear of birth (FOB). It is a visual analogue scale (like VAS) that cover two constructs: worry and fear. The pregnant women are asked to rate their feelings about the approaching birth by responding to the question “How do you feel right now about the approaching birth?” on a paper with two 100 mm VAS-scale printed on it. They indicate their feeling and respond by placing a mark on the lines with the anchor words “calm/worried” and “no fear/strong fear”. The two values on the VAS-scales are added up to give a total score ranging from 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate higher levels of fear, and the cut-off point for fear of birth is 60. Later on, FOBS, was then developed and tested based on Rouhe’s research in pregnant women in both Sweden and Australia. There have also been studies on pregnant women's thoughts when assessing fear of birth on the Fear of Birth Scale.
# John James Sweeney

John James Sweeney (born June 1, 1927) is an American politician. He is a former member of the Pennsylvania State Senate, serving from 1975 to 1978.