OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# J. Smith Young

John Smith Young (November 4, 1834 – October 11, 1916) was an American lawyer and Civil War veteran who served briefly as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Louisiana from 1878 to 1879.

## Early life

John Smith Young is the sixth of thirteen children born to Dr. John Y. Young (1793-1868) and Eliza Henry Jones (1807-1882). Though born in Wake County, North Carolina, he grew up on family cotton plantations in the frontier borderland area of Fayette County, Tennessee (Lagrange postal area), and Marshall County, Mississippi (Lamar postal area). Circa 1847, following the death of John's older sister, Cornelia (1827-1847), Dr. John Y. Young moved his family westward to several locales in southern Arkansas.
In the early 1850s, John attended Washington Male Seminary in Washington, Arkansas, where his older brother, Edwin Young, was on the faculty. John studied classic literature in their original languages—Greek, Latin, French, and English. Thereafter, Young attended Centenary College at its original location in Jackson, Louisiana, and graduated in 1855.

### Lawyer

He studied law, was admitted to the state bar, and started his career as an attorney-of-law in Homer, Claiborne Parish, Louisiana. The 1860 United States federal census lists John S. Young as an attorney in Homer.

### Civil War

On August 21, 1861, Young enlisted in Louisiana's 31st Infantry to serve in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. He rose to the rank of lieutenant.

## Later life

After the war, Young returned to his law practice and married Mattie Hamilton, with whom he had all his children. He was elected or appointed to several public offices: in 1870, a parish (Claiborne Parish) judge; in 1872, a member of the Louisiana House of Representatives, and in 1876, a state judge. In 1878, Young was elected as a Democrat to Congress to replace the deceased John E. Leonard for the final four months of the congressional term. Young chose to not run for reelection. He traveled back to Louisiana, and practiced law in Monroe, Louisiana, and then Shreveport, Louisiana. Young's first wife, Martha ("Mattie") Hamilton Young, died in 1891. From 1892 to 1900, Young was twice elected and served as Caddo Parish sheriff. Five years after being a widower, Young married a widow and Mattie's cousin, Frances ("Fannie") Rhoda Hodges. At age 66, Young finished his second term as sheriff and returned to practicing law in various capacities for several more years in Shreveport.

### Death

He died at age 81 in Shreveport, Louisiana and is buried in Shreveport's Oakland Cemetery, Section 6, Lot 7.

### Slaveholder

Young owned slaves.
# Horsham Saints Football Club

The Horsham Saints Football Netball Club is an Australian rules football and netball club based in the city of Horsham, Victoria. The football team competes in the Wimmera Football League (WFL).

## History

The Horsham Saints, formed in 1945, was known as YCW and joined the Horsham & District Football League (HDFL). In 1947 the club changed its name to St. Michael's. The club won five premierships in the HDFL.
In 1993, the club moved to the Wimmera Football League. In 2000, with the club adopting its current name. And have won 2 more premierships since.
In 2012, Tom Sosthiem joined the Horsham Saints Football club.
# Jeffi Medina

Jeffi Medina (born 1950, Istanbul) is a prominent Turkish Jewish businessman in the advertisement sector of Turkey.

## Biography

He was born in 1950 in Istanbul, Turkey, into a family of Sephardic Jews. He graduated from the German High School Istanbul and went to Strasbourg, France, to study economics at the University of Strasbourg. He completed his university studies at the Istanbul University and graduated with a degree in economics. He started his professional life as a television producer in 1974. In 1978, he joined the advertising agency Manajans, which is the oldest advertising agency in Turkey. In 1987, he was promoted to general manager of Manajans. After six years at this post, he left Manajans and founded with Turkish film director, screenwriter and businessman Yavuz Turgul, the advertising agency Medina/Turgul in 1993. Their agency merged with DDB to form the Medina Turgul DBB advertising agency in 1995. Between the years 2004-2007 he served as President of the Reklamcılar Derneği (Advertising Association of Turkey) and since 2007 serves as the Chairman of the Board of Directors.
Aside from his business activities, Jeffi Medina is a very active participant in various private sector organizations, and publishes articles.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Turkey: A Business And Investment Review
# 1954 Baltimore Colts season

The 1954 Baltimore Colts season was the second season for the team in the National Football League. The Baltimore Colts finished the National Football League's 1954 season with a record of 3 wins and 9 losses and finished sixth in the Western Conference. This was the first season that the Horseshoes appeared on the helmet. For the first two seasons (1954 & 55), the horseshoes were white and they were located on the back of an all blue helmet. In 1956 the color of the helmet change to White while the Horseshoes became blue. It wasn't until 1957 when the Colts received their most famous helmet design that's still in use to this day, a white helmet with a blue stripe down the middle and a blue horseshoe on either side.

## Regular season
### Schedule

| Game | Date | Opponent | Result | Record | Venue | Attendance | Recap |
| 1 | September 26 | Los Angeles Rams | L 0–48 | 0–1 | Memorial Stadium | 36,215 | Recap |
| 2 | October 2 | New York Giants | W 20–14 | 1–1 | Memorial Stadium | 27,088 | Recap |
| 3 | October 10 | at Chicago Bears | L 9–28 | 1–2 | Wrigley Field | 27,845 | Recap |
| 4 | October 16 | at Detroit Lions | L 0–35 | 1–3 | Briggs Stadium | 48,272 | Recap |
| 5 | October 24 | Green Bay Packers | L 6–7 | 1–4 | Memorial Stadium | 28,680 | Recap |
| 6 | October 31 | at Washington Redskins | L 21–24 | 1–5 | Griffith Stadium | 23,566 | Recap |
| 7 | November 6 | Detroit Lions | L 3–27 | 1–6 | Memorial Stadium | 25,287 | Recap |
| 8 | November 13 | at Green Bay Packers | L 13–24 | 1–7 | Milwaukee County Stadium | 19,786 | Recap |
| 9 | November 21 | Chicago Bears | L 13–28 | 1–8 | Memorial Stadium | 23,093 | Recap |
| 10 | November 28 | San Francisco 49ers | W 17–13 | 2–8 | Memorial Stadium | 23,875 | Recap |
| 11 | December 4 | at Los Angeles Rams | W 22–21 | 3–8 | L.A. Memorial Coliseum | 30,744 | Recap |
| 12 | December 11 | at San Francisco 49ers | L 7–10 | 3–9 | Kezar Stadium | 26,856 | Recap |
| Note: Intra-conference opponents are in bold text. |||||||||

### Standings

NFL Western Conference :
| viewtalkedit | W | L | T | PCT | CONF | PF | PA | STK |
| Detroit Lions | 9 | 2 | 1 | .818 | 8–2 | 337 | 189 | W1 |
| Chicago Bears | 8 | 4 | 0 | .667 | 7–3 | 301 | 279 | W4 |
| San Francisco 49ers | 7 | 4 | 1 | .636 | 5–4–1 | 313 | 251 | W2 |
| Los Angeles Rams | 6 | 5 | 1 | .545 | 4–5–1 | 314 | 285 | W1 |
| Green Bay Packers | 4 | 8 | 0 | .333 | 3–7 | 234 | 251 | L4 |
| Baltimore Colts | 3 | 9 | 0 | .250 | 2–8 | 131 | 279 | L1 |
    Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.
NFL Eastern Conference :
| viewtalkedit | W | L | T | PCT | CONF | PF | PA | STK |
| Cleveland Browns | 9 | 3 | 0 | .750 | 8–2 | 336 | 162 | L1 |
| Philadelphia Eagles | 7 | 4 | 1 | .636 | 7–3 | 284 | 230 | W1 |
| New York Giants | 7 | 5 | 0 | .583 | 7–3 | 293 | 184 | L1 |
| Pittsburgh Steelers | 5 | 7 | 0 | .417 | 4–6 | 219 | 263 | L2 |
| Washington Redskins | 3 | 9 | 0 | .250 | 2–8 | 207 | 432 | W1 |
| Chicago Cardinals | 2 | 10 | 0 | .167 | 2–8 | 183 | 347 | L3 |
    Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.
# 1954 Los Angeles Rams season

The 1954 Los Angeles Rams season marked the 17th year of the Rams franchise in the National Football League and the ninth season playing its home games in Los Angeles.

## Schedule

| Game | Date | Opponent | Result | Record | Venue | Attendance | Recap |
| 1 | September 26 | at Baltimore Colts | W 48–0 | 1–0 | Memorial Stadium | 36,215 | Recap |
| 2 | October 3 | San Francisco 49ers | T 24–24 | 1–0–1 | L.A. Memorial Coliseum | 93,621 | |
| 3 | October 10 | at Detroit Lions | L 3–21 | 1–1–1 | Briggs Stadium | 55,008 | |
| 4 | October 17 | at Green Bay Packers | L 17–35 | 1–2–1 | Milwaukee County Stadium | 17,465 | |
| 5 | October 24 | Chicago Bears | W 42–38 | 2–2–1 | L.A. Memorial Coliseum | 48,204 | |
| 6 | October 31 | Detroit Lions | L 24–27 | 2–3–1 | L.A. Memorial Coliseum | 74,315 | |
| 7 | November 7 | at San Francisco 49ers | W 42–34 | 3–3–1 | Kezar Stadium | 58,958 | |
| 8 | November 14 | Chicago Cardinals | W 28–17 | 4–3–1 | L.A. Memorial Coliseum | 40,786 | |
| 9 | November 21 | at New York Giants | W 17–16 | 5–3–1 | Polo Grounds | 27,077 | |
| 10 | November 28 | at Chicago Bears | L 13–24 | 5–4–1 | Wrigley Field | 32,338 | |
| 11 | December 4 | Baltimore Colts | L 21–22 | 5–5–1 | L.A. Memorial Coliseum | 30,821 | |
| 12 | December 12 | Green Bay Packers | W 35–27 | 6–5–1 | L.A. Memorial Coliseum | 38,839 | |
| Note: Intra-conference opponents are in bold text. |||||||||

### Standings

NFL Western Conference :
| viewtalkedit | W | L | T | PCT | CONF | PF | PA | STK |
| Detroit Lions | 9 | 2 | 1 | .818 | 8–2 | 337 | 189 | W1 |
| Chicago Bears | 8 | 4 | 0 | .667 | 7–3 | 301 | 279 | W4 |
| San Francisco 49ers | 7 | 4 | 1 | .636 | 5–4–1 | 313 | 251 | W2 |
| Los Angeles Rams | 6 | 5 | 1 | .545 | 4–5–1 | 314 | 285 | W1 |
| Green Bay Packers | 4 | 8 | 0 | .333 | 3–7 | 234 | 251 | L4 |
| Baltimore Colts | 3 | 9 | 0 | .250 | 2–8 | 131 | 279 | L1 |
    Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.
NFL Eastern Conference :
| viewtalkedit | W | L | T | PCT | CONF | PF | PA | STK |
| Cleveland Browns | 9 | 3 | 0 | .750 | 8–2 | 336 | 162 | L1 |
| Philadelphia Eagles | 7 | 4 | 1 | .636 | 7–3 | 284 | 230 | W1 |
| New York Giants | 7 | 5 | 0 | .583 | 7–3 | 293 | 184 | L1 |
| Pittsburgh Steelers | 5 | 7 | 0 | .417 | 4–6 | 219 | 263 | L2 |
| Washington Redskins | 3 | 9 | 0 | .250 | 2–8 | 207 | 432 | W1 |
| Chicago Cardinals | 2 | 10 | 0 | .167 | 2–8 | 183 | 347 | L3 |
    Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.
# James Riddell (politician)

James Riddell (May 1850 – September 19, 1926) was a Scottish-Canadian farmer and political figure in Manitoba. He represented Lorne from 1896 to 1903 in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba as a Liberal.
He was born in Jedburgh and was educated there and at St. Andrew's University. Riddell married a Miss Sharp in Galt, Ontario. He came to Carman, Manitoba in 1880. He was president of the Dufferin Agricultural Society.
Riddell was defeated when he ran for the Dufferin seat in the Manitoba assembly in 1903. In 1904, he was an unsuccessful candidate for the Macdonald seat in the Canadian House of Commons.
Riddell later was president of the Caledonia Box and Manufacturing Company in Winnipeg. He died at home in Winnipeg at the age of 76.
# Fajr F.3

Fajr F.3 (Persian: فجر اف.۳) is an Iranian full composite four-seat training/touring aircraft built by Fajr Aviation & Composites Industry. First flown in 1995, production commenced in 2001 after the aircraft was certified to JAR-23 standard. It has been speculated that it is a copy/modification of the Cirrus SR-20.

## Design and development

The aircraft features a cantilever low-wing, a single-seat, a four-seat cabin accessed by gull-winged doors, tricycle landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.
The aircraft is made from composite material. Its 10.50 m (34.4 ft) span wing mounts flaps. The standard engine used is the 270 hp (201 kW) Lycoming AEIO-540-L185 four-stroke powerplant.

## Specifications (Fajr F.3)

Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 2003–2004
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Capacity: 3 pax
* Length: 8.07 m (26 ft 6 in)
* Wingspan: 10.5 m (34 ft 5 in)
* Height: 3.05 m (10 ft 0 in)
* Wing area: 14.02 m$^2$ (150.9 sq ft)
* Airfoil: Horstmann-Quast HQ-42E
* Empty weight: 1,100 kg (2,425 lb)
* Max takeoff weight: 1,580 kg (3,483 lb)
* Fuel capacity: 212 L (56 US gal; 47 imp gal)
* Cabin Width: 1.25 m (4 ft 1 in)
* Powerplant: 1 × Lycoming AEIO-540-L1B5 6-cylinder air-cooled horizontally-opposed piston engine, 201 kW (270 hp)
* Propellers: 3-bladed constant-speed propeller
Performance
* Maximum speed: 296 km/h (184 mph, 160 kn)
* Cruise speed: 267 km/h (166 mph, 144 kn)
* Stall speed: 104 km/h (65 mph, 56 kn)
* Never exceed speed: 370 km/h (230 mph, 200 kn)
* Range: 1,129 km (702 mi, 610 nmi)
* Endurance: 6 hours 15 minutes
* Service ceiling: 5,480 m (17,980 ft)
* Rate of climb: 5.2 m/s (1,020 ft/min)
* Take-off run: 310 m (1,017 ft)
* Landing run: 370 m (1,214 ft)
# Mamdouh Adwan

Mamdouh Adwan (Arabic: ممدوح عدوان, 23 November 1941 – 19 December 2004) was a prolific Syrian writer, poet, playwright and critic. He published his first collection of poetry, al-Dhul al-Akhdhar [The Green Shadow] in 1967 and afterwards published 18 further collections.
He also published two novels, twenty-five plays, translated twenty-three books from English into Arabic, including the Iliad, the Odyssey, a biography of George Orwell, the Report to Greco by Nikos Kazantzakis, and wrote a number of television series. He wrote regularly on Arab current affairs, and also taught at the Higher Institute for Dramatic Arts in Damascus. Only few of his works have been published in English, notably in Banipal magazine.

## Biography

Mamdouh Adwan was born in the village of Qayrun near Masyaf, Hama Governorate, the first child of Sabri Adwan. After finishing his schooling in Masyaf, he moved to Damascus to study English literature at Damascus University. He was married and has two sons.

## Works in English translation

* The old man and the land. Damascus : al-Tawjih Press, 1971.
* Selected poems. (2008) translated by Sinan Antoon, Banipal 32
# R. Prasannan

R. Prasannan (September 20, 1929 – August 19, 2008) was an Indian academic, commissioner and a Malayalam author.
He received his initial education in Kerala - B.L. and LL.M. degrees from Kerala University, followed by LL.M. and Ph.D. (Law) from Yale University, USA.
Prasannan held the following posts:
* Professor and Dean, Post-Graduate Studies in Law, Kerala and Calicut University
* Secretary, Kerala Legislative Assembly from 6.11.1969 - 27.4.1984
* Member, Kerala Public Men ( Prevention of Corruption) Commission
* Member, Kerala Backward Classes Commission
* Commissioner, Sree Narayana Trust ( Government Appointment)
* Member, National Commission for Backward Classes from 05.9.93 to 04.8.96
Prasannan authored eight books in Malayalam. Most notable is "Niyamasabhayil Nishabthanaaye" (Niyamasabhayil niśśabdanāyi) for which he received the 'Sahodharan Ayyappan' Award. He has also authored several magazine and journal articles in English and Malayalam.
# Stephen McCabe

Stephen McCabe is a Labour Party councillor and leader of Inverclyde Council.
A graduate of the University of Strathclyde where he studied economics, he has been a councillor since 1999, retaining his seat as the sole representative for 'Ward 6' in 2003. When larger, multi-member wards were created for the 2007 election, he stood successfully in Inverclyde East (covering Kilmacolm and eastern parts of Port Glasgow) and was re-elected there in 2012, 2017 and 2022.
He was leader of the local authority between May 2007 and February 2011, when he stepped down for family reasons, but was soon re-elected to the position in August of the same year, following the death of local MP David Cairns which in turn led to McCabe's successor Iain McKenzie being elected to Westminster in the 2011 Inverclyde by-election.
McCabe was arrested on 4 November 2024, on suspicion of assault. On 15 November 2024 Mccabe was charged with assault and threatening and abusive behaviour.
# T. V. R. Tatachari

Justice T. V. R. Tatachari B.Sc., B.L. (16 October 1916 – 1 June 2001) was Chief Justice of Delhi High Court. He was a highly Stotriya Vaishnava Scholar and belonged to one of Srimat Tirumala families settled in Vizianagaram.
Justice T. V. R. Tatachari was appointed first Lokayukta of the state of Himachal Pradesh. Governor Urmilla Singh, Chief Minister P. K. Dhumal, Assembly Speaker Tulsi Ram and leader of the opposition Vidya Stokes, Acting Chief Justice of High Court R. B. Mishra, were among those present at the swearing in.
(It is a quasi-judicial body)
Himachal Pradesh was one of the first states to appoint Lokayukta in 1983 when the then government headed by Chief Minister V. B. Singh passed the Lokayukta Act.
He graduated (BSc) from Maharajah's College, Vizianagaram in 1935 and completed a Bachelor of Law degree from University of Madras in 1938. He was enrolled as Advocate in the High Court of Madras on 26 February 1940 and practiced in the Madras High Court. He was appointed part-time Lecturer in the Faculty of Law of the Delhi University in November 1963. Soon after he was appointed Judge of the Delhi High Court on 4 January 1967. On 4 June 1974 he was appointed the Chief Justice of Delhi High Court. He retired on 16 October 1978.
During his tenure as Chief Justice, a new building of the Delhi High Court was inaugurated in New Delhi by President of India Dr. Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed on 26 September 1976. In 1983, he was called out of retirement to serve as the first Lokayukta of Himachal Pradesh and was deputed to Shimla where he served for four years. Subsequent to that role he retired and continued to stay at his New Delhi residence until his death on 1 June 2001.
# Psilotum nudum

Psilotum nudum, the whisk fern, is a fernlike plant. Like the other species in the order Psilotales, it lacks roots.
Its name, Psilotum nudum, means "bare naked" in Latin, because it lacks (or seems to lack) most of the organs of typical vascular plants, as a result of evolutionary reduction. (Note that leaves are not actually absent, but greatly reduced.)

## Development

The embryo has only two parts, a distal shoot apex and a proximal foot. The shoot apex produces a rhizome without roots, possibly because P. nudum and relatives are often epiphytes. The rhizome in turn will eventually produce greatly reduced leaves instead of roots. These processes are heavily influenced by auxin concentrations.

## Distribution

P. nudum is found in tropical Africa, Central America, tropical and subtropical North America, South America, tropical Asia, Australia, Hawaii, southern Japan, Lord Howe Island, New Zealand, with a few isolated populations in SW Europe ("Los Alcornocales", Spain, Cádiz province). Although most weeds are flowering plants, P. nudum is an unusual example of a weed because it is both nonflowering and rootless.
In tropical areas, this plant is often epiphytic, whilst in more temperate areas, such as south-eastern Australia, it is usually found growing in rock crevices. Thousands of people per day walk by these plants at the Sydney Opera House forecourt.

## Cultivation and uses

The plant, which grows wild in southern Japan, was once much cultivated in Japanese gardens as an ornamental plant. Slightly over 100 garden varieties were given fantastic names. Called matsubaran ("pine-needle orchid") in Japanese, it was one of the noble plants in the Edo period (1603–1867).
The species is naturally found on all the main Hawaiian Islands. Known locally as Moa because of its chicken feet like stems, the Hawaiians collected large quantities of the spores and used them like talcum powder, under the loincloth to prevent chafing. The spores were also used medicinally as a purge. Children would play a game called 'moa nahele' or cockfighting with the branch stems. Twigs of the Moa were interlocked and the players pulled on the ends. The loser's twig broke and the winner crowed like a rooster. The species is still often used in making traditional Hawaiian leis.
Its common name, whisk fern, alludes to its use in the past as a small broom, made by tying a handful of its branches together. It is sometimes found in cultivation (either accidentally, as a weed in greenhouses, or deliberately, in the form of a number of cultivars).
It may prove to be a good source of antimicrobial chemicals.
# G. Venkatraman

T. G. Venkatraman (2 February 1931 – 21 February 2013) was an Indian politician who was a member of the D.M.K. Party.

## Early life

Tindivanam G. Venkatraman was born in Tindivanam, in Villupuram district on 2 February 1931. His father was Shri V. Gopala Gounder. He belonged to the Vanniyar Gounder community. He married Smt. V. Vasantha on 8 May 1960 and had three sons and one daughter. He gained a B.A. degree at Annamalai University, Chidambaram and a B.L. at Law College, Madras University, Madras (Tamil Nadu).
He worked as Junior Advocate with Late Mr. Narayanasami Mudaliar (former Law Minister of Tamil Nadu) at chennai and later was practicing as an advocate at Tindivanam and throughout South Arcot district.
He died on 21 February 2013 at the age of 82.

## Political life

He was a D.M.K. party member and activist. Contested for Legislative Assembly Elections in 1977 for D.M.K and lost to T.R. Erajaram Reddy INC.
He was elected to the Rajya Sabha in 1989 and served till 1995. He contested for the Lok Sabha elections representing D.M.K and got elected to the eleventh Lok Sabha in 1996, defeating his nearest rival Mr. Tindivanam. K. Ramamurthy (INC) with a whooping margin of 190, 276 votes. He was appointed Union Cabinet Minister of Surface Transport (Independent charge).

## Positions held

* 1978–85 Member, General Council, D.M.K.
* 1989-95 Elected to Rajya Sabha
* 1989–90 Member, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Textiles
* 1990–91 Member, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Steel and Mines
* 1992–94 Member, Committee on Petitions
* 1993–94 Member, Committee on Subordinate Legislation
* 1996-98 Elected to Lok Sabha (Eleventh)
* 1996-98 Union Cabinet Minister, Surface Transport

## Social and cultural activities

* Member, Trust Board for Vannia Kula Kshatriya Thirumana Mandapam, 1980 onwards;
* donor for a prize to backward class students in Govt. Arts College, Tindivanam, 1980 onwards