OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Murder of Lieutenant Alfred Lyth

The murder of Second Lieutenant Alfred R. Lyth, 22, was committed in Garfagnana, Italy, by Italian "Monte Rosa" Division soldiers during World War II.
On February 6, 1945, Lieutenant Lyth's aircraft was hit during the bombing of a railroad tunnel, likely by German anti-aircraft fire, forcing Lyth to parachute to the ground and landing in the village of Torrite. He was later captured by "Monte Rosa" soldiers of the Italian Social Republic and conducted to their headquarters in Camporgiano, where he was interrogated. Two days later, interrogation, Lyth was being transported when he was suddenly shot.
After the war ended, the Allies investigated Lyth's death. From September 25 to October 4, 1946, an American military court tried three Italian soldiers for murder: Captain Italo Simonitti, Private Benedetto Pilon, and General Mario Carloni. Newspapers noted that in an unusual move, the prosecutor in a U.S. war crimes trials, for the first time, was an African American, Lieutenant Clarence W. Burks of Pittsburgh. Two days after Lyth's murder, Burks himself had been captured, but he and two others managed to escape with the help of Italian partisans.
The Italians initially claimed that Lyth had been trying to escape. However, witnesses said Lyth had clearly been limping. According to them, Lyth had been marched to a grave which had been dug in advance near the local cemetery. He was then shot twice by Pillon, on the orders of Simonitti. Pilon had previously said, "I shot him at a signal from Captain Simonitti because I saw what these people were doing to my country." Simonitti then shot Lyth two more times himself.
Simonitti and Pilon were found guilty, but Carloni was acquitted. Simonitti was sentenced to death, while Pilon was sentenced to life in prison with hard labor. Simonitti, 38, was executed by firing squad in Livorno on January 27, 1947. Six members of the firing squad were African-American. Before he was shot, Simonitti requested that he not have to wear the customary black hood. The request was granted. Before he was shot, Simonitti said he held no grudges against his executioners.
Although Carloni was acquitted, he was remanded to Italian custody. He held at Forte Boccea in Rome. Carloni was released without any charges on May 19, 1951, but was demoted in rank to Colonel, and stripped of all his awards given to him by the Italian Social Republic between 1943 and 1945.
Pilon and three other Italians convicted of war crimes by American military courts were later transferred to Italian custody. Under an agreement, the men were sent to an Italian prison on the Procida. However, in January 1951, to the shock and anger of local U.S. officials, Minister of Justice Attilio Piccioni declared the four men to be political prisoners and granted them amnesty.
# Goldwörth

Goldwörth is a municipality in the district of Urfahr-Umgebung in the Austrian state of Upper Austria.

## Geography

Goldwörth lies in the upper Mühlviertel.
# Robert E. Newton

Robert Edward Newton (born July 11, 1931) is an American retired politician in the state of Iowa.
Newton was born in Muscatine, Iowa. He attended the University of Iowa and earned a PhD at the Catholic University of America. He is a college professor. He served in the Iowa House of Representatives from 1969 to 1971 as a Democrat.
# Oleksandr Konysky

Oleksandr Yakovych Konysky (18 August 1836 – 12 December 1900) was a Ukrainian interpreter, writer, lexicographer, pedagogue, poet, and civil activist of liberal direction. He had around 150 pen names, including О. Return-freedom (Ukrainian: Верниволя), F. Gorovenko, V. Burkun, Perebendia, and О. Khutorianyn.
By profession he was a lawyer and is known as the author of the text of the Ukrainian spiritual anthem "Prayer for Ukraine".

## Early life

Konysky was born in the village of Perekhodivka, today in the district of Nizhyn, in the Chernihiv Oblast. He was of the old heritage of the medieval Principality of Chernigov. The future writer grew up in the city of Nizhyn, about which he wrote: "Nizhyn is a small city. At the same time, it was the center of enlightenment of the Chernihiv lands and the north of the Poltava lands. Here was located the Bezborodko Lyceum. Nizhyn has also had a glorious historic past, especially in trade, so among its people many have been distinguished".

## Career

Konysky’s first publication was in the Chernigovsky Listok in 1858. In Poltava and Kyiv he formed Sunday schools and wrote textbooks for them. Konysky was also the author of several church articles in local newspapers and was an active member of the Kyivan Hromada. As a member of the Kyiv City Council, he worked to introduce the Ukrainian language into the city's schools. Among his books and textbooks were Ukrainian writing (Ukrainian: Українські прописи 1862), Arithmetic, or Reckoning (1863), and Grammar or first reading for early students (Ukrainian: Граматка або перша читанка задля початку вченья 1882).
Konysky also had links with the Ukrainian activists of Halychyna, which led to his being accused of being a Little-Russian propaganda activist. In 1863, he was sent to Vologda, without receiving a trial. In 1871, his novel Don't give gold, don't beat with a hammer (Ukrainian: Не даруй золотом і не бий молотом) was confiscated and destroyed by the local police. From 1865 Konysky lived beyond the borders of the Russian Empire and came into closer contact with the Ukrainian activists of Halychyna. In 1872, after being released from police supervision, he returned to Kyiv, where he worked for the Kievskiy Telegraf. Konysky was one of the founders of the Shevchenko Scientific Society in Lviv in 1873 and later initiated its transformation into a society without commercial activity.
In 1887, together with Volodymyr Antonovych, and influenced by the Brotherhood of Tarasovs as a member of the Stara Hromada, Konysky led the creation of the All-Ukrainian Public Organization, a civil-political fellowship with the aim of uniting all circles of nationally conscious Ukrainians. As the organization's publication source, he founded the publishing firm Vik, which existed for fifteen years and released over 100 books in Ukrainian.
Konysky died in Kyiv in December 1900.
# Ankit Dabas

Ankit Dabas (born 14 November 1992) is an Indian cricketer who plays for Jharkhand. He made his List A debut on 10 December 2015 in the 2015–16 Vijay Hazare Trophy. He made his Twenty20 debut on 3 January 2016 in the 2015–16 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy.
# Angela Thacker

Angela Elizabeth "Angie" Thacker (born June 27, 1964) is an American long jumper. She was born in St. Louis, Missouri. She competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, where she placed fourth in women's long jump. While competing for the University of Nebraska, she was the 1984 NCAA Indoor Champion in the long jump.
# Kamel Omrane

Kamel Omrane (Arabic: كمال عمران; January 18, 1951 – May 14, 2018) was a Tunisian scholar of Islam and politician. He was the Tunisian Minister of Religious Affairs.

## Biography

He studied at Bardo High School and then at the École Normale Supérieure of Tunis where he obtained a master's degree in Arabic Language and Literature in 1973. In 1980, he received an M.A. in Arabic literature from the Ecole Normale Supérieure de Tunis in 1973 and the agrégation in Arabic language in 1980. He received a PhD in Muslim Civilization in 1994.
He was a university professor from 1999 to 2018, has published a number of publications on Arab-Muslim thought and has participated in several conferences in Tunisia and abroad.
He held several positions including adviser to the Minister of Higher Education, Director of the Higher Institute of Documentation, Director General of Radio Stations of Tunisia, Special Advisor and Advisor to the Minister of Education, and Director General of the Quranic radio Zitouna. He was also a member of the Higher Islamic Council, the Higher Council of Culture, the Economic and Social Council, and the executive board of UNESCO. He also hosted a program on cultural radio about Islam in his dealings with modernity, reform, east–west relations.

## Honours

* Officier of the Order of the Republic of Tunisia
* Officer of the National Order of Merit of Tunisia

## Publications

* (ar) The translation and its theories (الترجمة ونظرياتها), ed. Beït El Hikma, Carthage, 1989
* (ar) Reading the religious text (في قراءة النص الديني), ed. Maison tunisienne de l'édition, Tunis, 1990
* (ar) Conclusion and rejection in Islamic culture (الإبرام والنقض: قراءة في الثقافة الإسلامية), ed. Maison tunisienne de l'édition, Tunis, 1992
* (ar) Renewal and experimentation in Islamic culture (التجديد والتجريب‮ في ‬الثقافة الإسلامية), ed. Maison tunisienne de l'édition, Tunis, 1993
* (ar) The human being and his destiny in modern Arab-Islamic thought (الإنسان ومصيره‮ في ‬الفكر العربي‮ ‬الإسلامي‮ ‬الحديث), ed. Publications de la faculté des lettres de la Manouba, La Manouba, 2001
* (ar) Tunisia and its saints in the corpus of Sufis (تونس وأولياؤها الصالحون في مدونة المناقب الصوفية), ed. Publications de la faculté des lettres de la Manouba, La Manouba, 2008
* (ar) Passion of the text: approach of the civilizational texts (شغاف النص: في مقاربة النص ذي الطابع الحضاري), ed. Centre de publication universitaire, Tunis, 2008
* (ar) Cultural approaches (مداخل إلى الثقافة), ed. Ministry of Culture, Tunis, 2008
# Thomas Lee Judge

Thomas Lee Judge (October 12, 1934 – September 8, 2006) was an American politician who served as the 18th governor of Montana from 1973 to 1981. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the 25th lieutenant governor of Montana from 1969 to 1973.

## Biography

Judge was born in Helena, Montana. He earned a bachelor's degree in journalism from the University of Notre Dame and did his graduate study at the University of Louisville. He graduated from the United States Army Adjutant General School at Fort Benjamin Harrison, Indiana.
Judge married Carol Anderson in 1966. The couple had two sons, Thomas Warren Judge and Patrick Lane Judge. The Judges, who were serving as governor and first lady of Montana, separated in the fall of 1979 and divorced during the winter of 1980. Judge then married his second wife, Suzan Koch, in 1981. Judge and Koch separated in 2003.

## Career

Judge was a second lieutenant in the US Army and a captain in the US Army Adjutant General Corps and in the US Army Reserves from 1958 to 1964. In 1960, he became president and owner of a public relations firm.
Judge served in the Montana House of Representatives from 1961 to 1967 and in the Montana Senate from 1967 to 1969, and as 22nd Lieutenant Governor of Montana from 1969 to 1973.
In 1972, when incumbent Governor of Montana Forrest Anderson declined to run for a second term, Judge ran to succeed him. He defeated several opponents in the Democratic primary, and advanced to the general election, where he comfortably defeated Republican nominee Ed Smith, a rancher and legislator from Dagmar, Montana. Judge was 38 years old at the time of his election as governor.
When Judge ran for re-election in 1976, he was opposed by State Attorney General Bob Woodahl, whom he defeated in a landslide. He ran for re-election for a third consecutive term in 1980, but was defeated in the Democratic primary by his lieutenant governor, Ted Schwinden, who went on to win the general election. During his tenure as governor, Judge served on the executive committee of the National Governors Association and was chair of the Western Governors Conference.
When Schwinden declined to seek re-election to a third term in 1988, Judge ran to succeed him, and won a competitive and crowded Democratic primary. In the general election, Stan Stephens, the former President of the Montana Senate and the Republican nominee, defeated Judge by a slim margin.

## Death

Judge died in Chandler, Arizona, on September 8, 2006, at the age of 71. He is interred at Resurrection Cemetery in Helena, Montana.
# Vakilabad, Sheshdeh and Qarah Bulaq

Vakilabad (Persian: وكيل اباد, also Romanized as Vakīlābād) is a village in Sheshdeh Rural District, Sheshdeh and Qarah Bulaq District, Fasa County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 814, in 182 families.
# 46 Kent Street, Millers Point

46 Kent Street, Millers Point is a heritage-listed terrace house located at 46 Kent Street, in the inner city Sydney suburb of Millers Point in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

## History

Millers Point is one of the earliest areas of European settlement in Australia, and a focus for maritime activities. Terrace housing built during the 1860s. First tenanted by the NSW Department of Housing in 1982.

## Description

A simple well-proportioned two-storey Victorian terrace house with four bedrooms. Features include a cantilevered balcony over footpath, a corrugated iron verandah painted in wide stripes, two french doors on upper storey, panelled front door with fanlight and two sash windows with slab sills on ground floor. Also, a second doorway on ground floor, and a dormer window to attic room. Storeys: Two; Construction: Painted rendered masonry. Corrugated galvanised iron roof. Timber balcony structure and cast iron column supports for verandah roof. Iron lace balustrading. Timber front fence. Style: Victorian Filigree.
The external condition of the property is good.

## Heritage listing

As at 23 November 2000, this 1860s terrace forms part of a cohesive streetscape element.
It is part of the Millers Point Conservation Area, an intact residential and maritime precinct. It contains residential buildings and civic spaces dating from the 1830s and is an important example of 19th century adaptation of the landscape.
46 Kent Street, Millers Point was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.
# Russell Eddie

Russell J. Eddie (born June 9, 1938) was an American politician in the state of Iowa.
Eddie was born in Wayne, Nebraska. He attended Buena Vista College and was a farmer. He served in the Iowa House of Representatives from 1987 to 2003, as a Republican.
# Ruger SR-762

The SR-762 is a semi-automatic AR-10 style rifle that was manufactured by Sturm, Ruger & Co. from 2013 to 2018. It is one of several AR-10 rifles to use a gas piston operation.

## History

Ruger announced on October 17, 2013 on the SR-762 being produced.
By 2018, Ruger had discontinued the SR-762 (along with all of the SR-556 models), as the AR-556 began replacing all SR-556 rifles.

## Design

It comes with a patented chrome plated, two stage piston with multistage regulator provides a cleaner, cooler running, reliable firearm with superior operating endurance. Two-stage piston provides a smooth power delivery stroke to the bolt carrier. The round, smooth-sided ergonomic Ruger Lightweight Adaptable handguard with flattop receiver features a Mil-Spec 1913 Picatinny rail at the 12:00 position that extends the full length of the handguard. Drilled and tapped for additional rails at the 3:00, 6:00 and 9:00 positions, offering ample space for mounting sights, lasers, lights and other accessories. There are two additional rail sections included. Folding backup iron sights include a windage adjustable rear sight and an elevation-adjustable front sight. These sights provide a solid aiming system that can be folded out of the way to make room for optics, yet instantly redeployed when duty calls. For accuracy and longevity, the cold hammer-forged 41V45 chromemoly vanadium steel barrel has been precision-rifled and chrome-lined. Barrel is fluted for reduced weight and improved barrel-cooling and features an SR-556/Mini-14-style flash suppressor mounted with a 5/8"-24 thread. Chrome-plated bolt and one-piece bolt carrier with oversized and radiused-rear bearing surface. Six-position telescoping M4 style buttstock is mounted on a Mil-Spec diameter tube. Hogue Monogrip pistol grip. Includes three 20 round magazines, soft sided gun case and three finger-grooved rail covers.

## SFAR

The Ruger Small-Frame Autoloading Rifle (SFAR) is a semi-automatic AR-10-style rifle manufactured by Sturm, Ruger & Co..

## Criminal Use

The Ruger SR-762/SFAR has been used in the listed crimes:
* On October 25, 2023, 40-year-old Robert Russell Card II fatally shot 18 people & wounded 13 others with a Ruger SFAR at two locations (the Just-In-Time Recreation bowling alley and the Schemengees Bar & Grille Restaurant) in Lewiston, Maine, United States.

## See Also

* Ruger SR-556
* Ruger AR-556
# Ignatius Gymnasium

Saint Ignatius Gymnasium (Dutch: St. Ignatiusgymnasium) is one of the five categorial gymnasia (a type of school) in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Together with the Vossius Gymnasium, the Barlaeus Gymnasium and Cygnus Gymnasium it is among the most prestigious schools in Amsterdam. Ignatius is located in the Jan van Eijckstraat in the affluent 'Old South' district of Amsterdam.
It is one of the few Catholic gymnasiums in the Netherlands, founded in 1895. Originally a Jesuit school, it is named after the founder of the Jesuit Order Ignatius of Loyola. The school is fairly small and has a student population of about 900 with 70 staff.

## History

According to the Dutch Education Inspectorate, the Ignatius Gymnasium is a very good school across the board. In the first three years, 2% has to repeat a class while 76% of the survivors pass their exams at once with an average grade of 6.9. All this is considered to be better than average. According to YELP, Ignatius ranks first among middle and high schools in Amsterdam. The Dutch magazine Elsevier chooses the Ignatius Gymnasium for several years as one of the best schools in the Netherlands. The school was elected as the best school in the province of North Holland in 2004. In 2010, Elsevier placed the school alongside ‘The winners of 2010, least repeaters and best exam results’.
The school newspaper is called De Harpoen.

## Notable alumni

* Bertus Aafjes, a writer
* Paul Biegel, author of children's books
* Frans Brüggen, conductor and record player
* Paul Josef Crutzen, a Nobel Prize winner
* Bernard Delfgaauw, professor of philosophy at the University of Groningen
* Henry Pierre Heineken [nl] beer magnate from the Heineken company
* Katja Herbers, actor
* Rad Kortenhorst, former president of the House of Representatives
* Frans van der Lugt, Jesuit priest murdered in Homs, Syria
* Joseph Luns, former Secretaries-General of NATO
* Lambert Meertens, former chairman of the PSP
* Ivo Niehe, television personality
* Eric Niehe, Olympic rower and former Dutch Ambassador in India
* Jaap de Hoop Scheffer, former Secretaries-General of NATO
* Pieter Seuren, a linguist
* Piet Steenkamp, founder of the CDA
* André van Stigt [nl], an architect
* Haye Thomas [nl], a journalist
* Gerard van Westerloo [nl], former editor of De Groene Amsterdammer
* Charles van Rooy, former Minister of Social Affairs
* Edo de Waart, conductor
* Constant Nieuwenhuys, painter, visual artist and writer.
* Bernard Wientjes [nl], former chairman of the employers' organization VNO-NCW
# Kogalym

Kogalym (Russian: Когалым; Khanty: Коголым, romanized: Kogolym) is a town in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on the Inguyagun River 325 kilometres (202 mi) northeast of Khanty-Mansiysk. Population: 58,181 (2010 Census); 55,367 (2002 Census); 44,297 (1989 Soviet census).

## History

Kogalym was founded in 1975 because of the development of oil fields in its vicinity. It was granted town status on 15 August 1985.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with one rural locality, incorporated as the town of okrug significance of Kogalym—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the town of okrug significance of Kogalym is incorporated as Kogalym Urban Okrug.

## Economy

Kogalym's economy is entirely dominated by the oil industry. The headquarters of the main extraction subsidiary of Lukoil (OOO LUKOIL-Zapadnaya Sibir) is located in Kogalym.

### Transport

The town is served by the Kogalym International Airport, a railway station, buses, and several taxi companies. There is little congestion, except during peak hours, while small traffic jams occur.

## Climate

Kogalym has a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfc). Because of the northern location, its winters are frigid, and its summers are cool. The temperature in January is typically −30 to −40 C (a low of −62 C was recorded at the Vatyogan oil field in 2006). The average wind speed is 3.1 metres per second, and the average humidity is 76.5%
Climate data for Kogalym :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −14.3 (6.3) | −13.0 (8.6) | −6.0 (21.2) | −1.2 (29.8) | 7.6 (45.7) | 16.4 (61.5) | 20.6 (69.1) | 16.5 (61.7) | 8.4 (47.1) | 0.4 (32.7) | −9.6 (14.7) | −13.5 (7.7) | 1.0 (33.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −18.4 (−1.1) | −16.9 (1.6) | −10.5 (13.1) | −5.3 (22.5) | 3.9 (39.0) | 12.9 (55.2) | 17.1 (62.8) | 13.3 (55.9) | 5.9 (42.6) | −2.0 (28.4) | −12.9 (8.8) | −17.5 (0.5) | −2.5 (27.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −22.8 (−9.0) | −21.7 (−7.1) | −15.9 (3.4) | −10.8 (12.6) | −0.5 (31.1) | 8.7 (47.7) | 13.1 (55.6) | 9.7 (49.5) | 3.0 (37.4) | −4.8 (23.4) | −17.0 (1.4) | −21.7 (−7.1) | −6.7 (19.9) |
| Source: ||||||||||||||
# Adnen Mansser

Adnen Mansser (Arabic: عدنان منصر, born 30 June 1966) is a Tunisian author, historian, professor and politician. He is a lecturer in the department of Faculty of Arts and Humanities at the University of Sousse. Furthermore, he was the chief of the cabinet and the official spokesperson of the President of the Tunisian Republic Moncef Marzouki between the 30 April 2013 and 17 September 2014.
Mansser is the founder of the Maghreb Center for Strategic Studies.He is also a researcher at the Higher Institute of the History of the National Mouvement, member of the Scientific Counsil at The Faculty of Letters, a member of the Human Sciences of Sousse, and a member of Higher Authority for Realization of the Objectives of the Revolution, Political Reform and Democratic Transition.

## Qualifications

* He holds a master's degree in history and geography from the École Normale Supérieure de Sousse in June 1989.
* In September 1990 he received a certificate in historical research, and in September 1991 received a distinction in history at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of Tunis University.
* In May 2005 he received a university qualification file, at the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the University of Sousse.

## Political life

After the Tunisian revolution, he was selected as a member of the Higher Authority for Realisation of the Objectives of the Revolution, Political Reform and Democratic Transition and served his term from 15 March 2011 to June 2011. Afterwards he became a candidate in the Tunisian Constituent Assembly election on 23 October 2011. He was an adviser and chief of the cabinet of the President of the Tunisian Republic Moncef Marzouki and his official spokesman between 30 April 2013 and 17 September 2014.

## Works

* Armed resistance in Tunisia (1881–1939) Part 1, 1997, Higher Institute of the history of the National Movement Publications (with Amira Aleya Sagheer).
* Armed resistance in Tunisia (1939–1956) Part 2, 2004, Higher Institute of the history of the National Movement Publications (with Amira Aleya Sagheer).
* Domination strategy: the French Protectorate and the Tunisian State Institutions, 2003, Faculty of Arts and Humanities of Sousse Publications.
* Bourguiba's State 1956–1970, 2004.
* Durr and metal (Arabic: الدر ومعدنه), 2010.
* Season of Migration to the Dignity, 2011.
# W. C. Braly

William Carrick Braly (November 15, 1841 – December 25, 1920) was an American politician. He was a member of the Arkansas House of Representatives, serving from 1877 to 1880 and from 1883 to 1885. He was a member of the Democratic Party.