OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cru (group)

CRU was an American hip hop group formally signed to Def Jam Recordings composed of three members, The One Chadio, Mighty Ha and Yogi. The group's first appearance was the "We Got It Goin' On" remix by R&B group Changing Faces in 1995. Two years later the group released their debut album, Da Dirty 30, which featured two singles "Just Another Case" and "Bubblin'". After the release of the album, the group disbanded with Yogi becoming a hip hop producer when he joined Puffy Combs's Hitmen Production Team. After a long hiatus, The One Chadio resumed his career, this time as a solo artist, releasing an album titled Internal Insurgency and soon thereafter releasing an album titled External Insurgency. During an online interview, The One Chadio said he was working on another project titled And Still. The project titled And Still was released in May of 2023 on Digital Streaming Platforms and was produced entirely by Talat ILgar. Recently, The One Chadio stated he was finished with another project where he was bringing it back to his Boom Bap roots. The name of that project is The One Chadio. The majority of production is done by Cee Da Cuban. The One Chadio did some production as did Talat Ilgar. According to The One Chadio, this anticipated, self-titled LP will, initially, only be available on vinyl and not on any Digital Streaming Platforms. The next project by The One Chadio is already planned which is titled Cold Flames.

## Discography
### Studio album

| Year | Title | Chart positions | Chart positions | Chart positions |
| Year | Title | U.S. | U.S. R&B | U.S. Heatseekers |
| 1997 | Da Dirty 30 Released: June 15, 1997 Label: Def Jam | 102 | 26 | 1 |

### Singles

| Year | Single | Chart positions | Chart positions | Chart positions | Album |
| Year | Single | U.S. 100 | U.S. R&B | U.S. Rap | Album |
| 1997 | "Just Another Case" | 68 | 28 | 8 | Da Dirty 30 |
| 1997 | "Bubblin'" | - | - | 23 | Da Dirty 30 |
# Da King & I

Da King & I was an American hip-hop duo consisting of Izzy Ice (born Isidore Francois on April 17, 1972) and DJ Majesty (born Roderick Wiggins).

## History

The group signed with Rowdy Records and released their debut single, "Flip da Scrip" on November 24, 1992. Their debut album Contemporary Jeep Music was released on July 13, 1993. It contained the singles "Flip Da Scrip" and "Tears." The album earned many positive reviews but was not a commercial success. The duo disbanded shortly after the release of the album.
In the late 1990s DJ Majesty launched a career as an R&B producer. He contributed to several albums including:
SWV - Release Some Tension ("Release Some Tension") RCA Records, 1998 Rufus Blaq - Credentials ("Come Alive Y'all") Perspective Records, 1998 Elusion - Think About It ("Good and Plenty") RCA Records, 1998 Before Dark - Daydreamin' ("Push N Shove") RCA Records, 2000
DJ Majesty appeared as a battle DJ in the 1992 movie Juice.
After leaving the music business, "Izzy Ice" Francois started his own internet company. He released a new song called "Milk & Cookies" in 2017.

## Discography

* Contemporary Jeep Music (1993)

### Charting singles

List of singles, with selected chart positions :
| Title | Year | Peak chart positions |
| Title | Year | AUS |
| "I Never Told You" | 1998 | 52 |
# Masta Ace Incorporated

Masta Ace Incorporated was an American hip hop crew formed by rapper Masta Ace.

## History

The group, also known as The I.N.C., included Eyceurokk (Eyce, Uneek and Rokkdiesel), Lord Digga, Paula Perry and R&B vocalist Leschea. Ace first gained notice in the rap world as a member of the legendary Juice Crew, and with the release of his acclaimed 1990 debut Take a Look Around, which featured an appearance from Eyceurokk. In 1992, Ace formed the I.N.C. crew and recorded their first group album, SlaughtaHouse, which was released in May 1993. Ace provided almost all of the rapping, with Lord Digga serving as the hype-man. Digga was also responsible for a bulk of the beats, producing five of the album's songs as part of the duo Bluez Brothers. Paula Perry was the main performer on the song "Who U Jackin'?", Leschea provided vocals for "Don't Fuck Around (Outro)", and Eyceurokk appeared on the tracks '"Slaughtahouse"' (as MC Negro & Ignant MC), "Ain't U Da Masta" and "Saturday Nite Live". The album was highly acclaimed, but sold only moderately well. Some versions of SlaughtaHouse included the hidden bonus track, "Born to Roll", which became a huge hit in 1994, breaking into the Top 25 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart. Eyceurokk split from the crew after SlaughtaHouse, leaving the group to four members.
In 1995, the crew released their second album, Sittin' on Chrome, which featured "Born to Roll", as well as two more Hot 100 hit singles, "The I.N.C. Ride" and "Sittin' on Chrome". The album, produced by Ace, Bluez Bruthas (Lord Digga and Witch Doctor), Uneek and Louie Vega, featured a sound Ace called "Brooklyn Bass Music". The album was also highly acclaimed, and sold better than SlaughtaHouse, but still wasn't able to push a strong amount of units. The crew split up in 1996, after Ace began having personal conflicts with Lord Digga and Paula Perry. Ace was largely missing from the scene until 2001, when he returned with his acclaimed solo album Disposable Arts. According to a 2006 interview on Prince Paul's XM Radio show, Ace stated that he and Lord Digga are finally speaking again, but Ace has yet to collaborate with either Digga or Paula Perry since the crew's break-up. However, he did work with Leschea on "Type I Hate" from his 2001 album, Disposable Arts and "Bklyn Masala" from his 2004 album, A Long Hot Summer.

## Discography

* Album information
* SlaughtaHouse
* Released: May 4, 1993
* Billboard 200 chart position: #134
* R&B/Hip-Hop chart position: #32
* Singles: "Jeep Ass Niguh"/"SlaughtaHouse", "Saturday Nite Live"/"Style Wars", "Born to Roll"
* Sittin' on Chrome
* Released: May 2, 1995
* Billboard 200 chart position: #69
* R&B/Hip-Hop chart position: #19
* Singles: "Born to Roll", "The I.N.C. Ride"/"The Phat Kat Ride", "Sittin' on Chrome", "Turn it Up"
# Tuff Crew

Tuff Crew is a hip hop group from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,. Members include Ice Dog, L. A. Kid, Tone Love, Monty G, and DJ Too Tuff.

## Career

They released four albums. Their joint debut LP with The Krown Rulers from Camden, New Jersey included production by the Ultramagnetic MCs' Kool Keith and Ced Gee, with a style that was bass-heavy with the Roland TR-808 drum machine and E-mu SP-12 sampler, raw "street" lyrics and aggressive scratch DJing. They performed with Public Enemy, Run–D.M.C., Biz Markie, Big Daddy Kane, Rob Base and DJ E-Z Rock, LL Cool J, and many others. They toured the US as the support act for 2Live Crew, and were fan favorites on the groundbreaking Street Beat radio program on Power 99, hosted by Lady B. They were racially mixed and ethnically diverse, and were regular performers at the After Midnight club in North Philly, once the largest Hip-Hop club in America. Their contemporaries included DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince, DJ Cash Money and Marvelous, Cool C, Schoolly D, MC Breeze, and Three Times Dope.
During the recording of their fourth album "Still Dangerous", the group was joined by Smooth K and DJ Cutzology. Members Tone Love & DJ Too Tuff were absent during this 1991 recording working on outside project Danger Zone Mobb Sqwad.
LA Kidd is married to Bunny D from L'Trimm.

## Charts

* "My Parta Town" peaked at #23 on the Billboard Hot Rap Singles charts (1989).
* "Back to Wreck Shop" reached #74 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs charts (1989).

## Discography

* Get Smart 12" (1985, So Def)
* Philly Style 12" (1986, So Def)
* Phanjam EP (1987, So Def)
* Danger Zone LP (1988, Warlock)
* Back To Wreck Shop LP (1989, Warlock)
* Still Dangerous LP (1991, Warlock)
* DJ Too Tuff's Lost Archives CD (2008, Traffic Entertainment)
* Remember? EP (2011, Solid Ground)
* The Best of DJ Too Tuff CD (2013, DangerZone Music Group)
* The Early Sessions 1985-1986 EP (2016, Chopped Herring Records)
* DJ Too Tuff's Lost Archives EP (2020, Chopped Herring Records)

## Appears on

* One Voice Pride - LP/CD RuffHouse Records - Hittin' Hard Balls
* 2004 Warlock Records Throwback Attack
* Scratch Masters (2x12") Deuce Ace Housin' Strictly Bizness
* Scratch Masters 2 (2xLP) Soul Food Strictly Bizness
* Warlock's Freaky Beats And Crazy Grooves (LP) She Rides The Pony
* Bellaphon Germany The Rhythm Story So Far.... (CD3") My Part Of Town (Remix)
* Rhythm Records Best Of Hip Hop (4xCD)
* Low Price Music Cream Live Two (3xCD) Soul Food Deconstruction It Will
* My Part Of Town BBE It Will Take A Nation Of Millions To Hold Us Back (2xLP)
* My Part Of Town BBE Mixmag Live Rae & Christian Blazing The Crop (3xLP)
* My Part Of Town DMC Publishing Rae & Christian - Blazing The Crop (CD)
* My Part Of Town DMC Publishing Blazing The Crop (CD)
* My Part Of Town Mixer Fusion Beats (CD)
* Soul Food Cutting Edge Classic Material - Philadelphia (CD) Let It Rip, My Parta *Town Waste Management Music Toxic (3xLP)
* My Part Of Town (Remix)
* DJ Too Tuff- The Lost Archives (CD/EP)
* Aroe & The Soundmakers- The Wreck Shop - Philly Golden Era Vol.1 Mixtape (feat. DJ Too Tuff & LA Kidd) (CD)
# Hip Hop World Magazine

Hip Hop World Magazine is a weekly Nigerian music magazine established in 1995. It has sponsored The Headies award since the award's inception in 2006. The magazine's publisher is Nigerian journalist and music promoter Ayo Animashaun.
# Crave Records

Crave Records was a record label founded by Mariah Carey in February 1997, as an imprint of Sony Music Entertainment. It was shut down in July of the following year. The name "Crave" originates from "Demented", a song Carey wrote for the 1995 alternative rock album Someone's Ugly Daughter. This was kept a secret until it was revealed in her 2020 memoir The Meaning of Mariah Carey.
Acts signed to the label included DJ Company, female R&B quartet Allure, who released a self-titled album in 1997 featuring the hit singles "Head Over Heels", "All Cried Out", and "Last Chance", as well as male R&B quartet 7 Mile, who released a self-titled album in 1998.

## Artists

* DJ Company
* Allure
* 7 Mile
# Elmar Magerramov

Elmar Magerramov (Azerbaijani: Elmar Məhərrəmov; Russian: Эльмар Магеррамов; born April 10, 1958, in Baku, Azerbaijan SSR, Soviet Union) is an Azerbaijani chess grandmaster.

## Career

In 1991, he shared first place in the last USSR Chess Championship, with Artashes Minasian, losing the title on tiebreaks. In 1992, Magerramov became the first chess Grandmaster in the history of Azerbaijan.
He has played with Kasparov several training matches and tournament games, with an overall score of + 4–8 = 7.
Along with his playing career, Elmar had an extensive coaching career as well. He has been National Team Coach of Tunis, coached Garry Kasparov during 1984 World Chess Championship and Maia Chiburdanidze during 1991 Women's Chess World Championship.
Magerramov is currently living in UAE. He is married and has two sons. His main hobbies apart from chess are mathematics and music. He plays on the Internet Chess Club (ICC) under the pseudonym "El-Marmalade".
The ninth chapter of Tibor Karolyi's 2009 book Genius in the Background is devoted to him.
# Crozon-sur-Vauvre

Crozon-sur-Vauvre (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Indre department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.
Crozon-sur-Vauvre was in the historic province of Berry up to 1790.
Prior to the Redécoupage cantonal de 2014 it was in the canton of Aigurande.

## Population

Citizens of the commune are called Crozonnais in French.

## Geography

Crozon-sur-Vauvre lies about 46 kilometres south-southeast of the city of Châteauroux, on the river Vauvre. Crozon-sur-Vauvre's neighbouring settlements are Saint-Denis-de-Jouhet to the north and northwest, Chassignolles to the northeast, Crevant to the east, La Forêt-du-Temple to the south, Aigurande to the west and southwest, and La Buxerette in the west.

## Place of interest

* Château de Lalande, 16th century.

## Transport

The nearest airport is Châteauroux-Centre.
# Discherodontus

Discherodontus is a genus of small cyprinid fishes found in rivers and streams in Mainland Southeast Asia and Yunnan in China.

## Species

There are currently four recognized species in this genus:
* Discherodontus ashmeadi (Fowler, 1937)
* Discherodontus colemani (Fowler, 1937)
* Discherodontus halei (Duncker, 1904)
* Discherodontus parvus (H. W. Wu & R. D. Lin, 1977)
* Discherodontus schroederi (H. M. Smith, 1945)
* Discherodontus somphongsi (Benl & Klausewitz, 1962)
# John McGinnis (politician)

John D McGinnis (born February 3, 1954) was a Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. He represented the 79th District, based in Altoona, from 2012 to 2018.
McGinnis was born in Latrobe, Pennsylvania, but moved to Montgomery County in suburban Philadelphia in his youth. He earned a B.A. from the University of Notre Dame and began his professional career as a Catholic school teacher. He later earned an M.S. in business administration at Indiana University South Bend. McGinnis received a Ph.D. in finance from Penn State University in 1993. He later served as a business and finance professor at Penn State Altoona, where he was tenured as associate professor of finance in 2003 and retired from Penn State in 2014. His favorite niece is Celica Lee. He also had earned both the CFA and CFP professional credentials.
# Aperture Foundation

Aperture Foundation is a nonprofit arts institution, founded in 1952 by Ansel Adams, Minor White, Barbara Morgan, Dorothea Lange, Nancy Newhall, Beaumont Newhall, Ernest Louie, Melton Ferris, and Dody Warren. Their vision was to create a forum for fine art photography, a new concept at the time. The first issue of the magazine Aperture was published in spring 1952 in San Francisco.
In January 2011, Chris Boot joined the organization as its director. Boot has previously been an independent photobook publisher and worked with Magnum Photos and Phaidon Press. Sarah Meister, curator of photography at the Museum of Modern Art from 2009 to 2020, was named as Boot's replacement in the Executive Director position in January 2021, starting in May 2021.

## Books

Aperture Foundation is a publisher of photography books, with more than 600 titles in print. Its book publication program began in 1965, with Edward Weston: The Flame of Recognition, which became one of its best-selling titles. Some, like Diane Arbus: An Aperture Monograph, have been in print for 40 years. Aperture supports the efforts of other non-profit organizations by partnering on books, exhibitions, and educational programming.

## Aperture/Michael E. Hoffman Award

In 2003, the Foundation instituted the first Aperture/Michael E. Hoffman Award, in memory of Michael E. Hoffman (died 2001), who was Aperture's publisher for 37 years.

## The Paris Photo–Aperture PhotoBook Awards

The Paris Photo–Aperture PhotoBook Awards is a yearly photography book award that is given jointly by Paris Photo and Aperture. It is announced at the Paris Photo fair and was established in 2012. The categories are Photography Catalogue of the Year, PhotoBook of the Year and First PhotoBook (with a $10,000 prize).

## Aperture Portfolio Prize

The Aperture Portfolio Prize is an annual international competition to discover, exhibit, and publish new talents in photography.
Winners:
* 2006: Hiroshi Watanabe
* 2007: Julio Bittencourt
* 2008: Michael Corridore
* 2009: Alexander Gronsky
* 2010: David Favrod
* 2011: Sarah Palmer
* 2013: Bryan Schutmaat
* 2014: Amy Elkins
* 2015: Drew Nikonowicz
* 2016: Eli Durst
* 2017: Natalie Krick
* 2018: Ka-Man Tse
* 2019: Mark McKnight
* 2020: Dannielle Bowman
* 2021: Donavon Smallwood
* 2022: Felipe Romero Beltrán
* 2023: Vân-Nhi Nguyen

## Exhibitions

In 2005, Aperture’s three-thousand-square-foot gallery opened in New York’s Chelsea art district. Many of the shows travel to venues in the U.S. and abroad. Aperture's Chelsea gallery showcases exhibitions organized by sister institutions.
Aperture has exhibited shows including Nazar: Photographs from the Arab World; Joan Fontcuberta: Landscapes Without Memory; William Christenberry, Photographs: 1961–2005; A Couple of Ways of Doing Something, images by Chuck Close, poems by Bob Holman; Lisette Model and Her Successors; and the Lucie-nominated Invasion 68: Prague, photographs by Josef Koudelka.
# Neuroterus anthracinus

Neuroterus anthracinus is a widely distributed gall wasp that forms chemically induced leaf galls on oak trees. N. anthracinus has both sexual and agamic generations and in consequence forms two distinct galls, the oyster gall and April-bud gall.

## Synonyms

Ameristus Förster 1869, Diplobius Kinsey 1923, Dolichostrophus Ashmead 1887, Neospathogaster Kinsey 1923, Spathegaster Hartig 1840, furunculus Beyerinck 1882, ostreus Giraud 1859, ostria Hartig 1840, Andricus ostreus, Neuroterus schlechtendali and Andricus furunculus are all previous nomenclatures found in the literature.

## Galls

The oyster gall is found on the leaf underside, rarely above, and is around 0.3 cm across, located between the midrib and the lateral veins. It develops under the lower epidermis and when it emerges it has two flaps of valve-like tissue which remain, even after the gall has fallen. The gall has also been recorded as green, brown, pink and even with red spots.
The April-bud gall is of brief duration, the bud swelling and the insect emerging within a week from the smooth and oval 0.8 cm gall, tucked up within the bud scales. The old galls show the escape aperture clearly.

## Life cycle
### Agamic generation

Emerging in autumn the parthenogenetic female of the agamic generation developed in the unilocular and unilarval bean-shaped structure, which is about 0.8 cm across, known as the 'oyster gall'; they lay eggs within the buds which result in the bisexual generation.

### Sexual generation

The males and females emerge from the unilocular and unilarval April-bud galls in the terminal or axillary buds around May; their fertilised eggs placed in the leaf lamina result in the Oyster gall.

## Parasites and inquilines

Several parasites and inquilines are found in both the sexual and agamic phases.
# Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station

Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station (OAES) is affiliated with Oregon State University and coordinates research at experiment stations in Oregon. It receives state funding and funding from contracts for its work. It has 11 branch stations. It was established in 1887 after passage of the Hatch Act of 1887 and began at Oregon Agricultural College in 1888. It publishes a station bulletin. It also produced films and public service announcements. Rural homemaking practices were studied when female researchers were added to the organization. Publication topics have included studies on soils, pests, and crops.
Edgar Grimm was the first director.
The first branch station opened in Union, Oregon in 1901. The historic Red Barn was built in 1914 at the experiment station in Union, Oregon.
Deinococcus radiodurans was discovered at the experiment station in Corvallis.

## Branch experiment stations

* Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center in Union
* Malheur Agricultural Experiment Station in Malheur
* Southern Oregon Experiment Station
* Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center in Hermiston
* North Willamette Research & Extension Center in Aurora
* Mid-Columbia Agricultural Research & Extension Center in Hood River
* Columbia Basin Agricultural Research Center (CBARC) in Pendleton
* Ontario
* Southern Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station in Medford
* Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center in Burns
* Madras
* Klamath Basin Research and Extension Center in Klamath Falls
* Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station in Astoria
* Portland, Food Innovation Center

### Former

* John Jacob Astor Experiment Station (closed 1972)
* Harney Branch Station, (closed 1954)
* Pendleton Experiment Station and Sherman Experiment Station (merged to form CBARC)
* Central Oregon Agricultural Research & Extension Center in Powell Butte, sold in 2018
* Red Soils Experiment Station (Oregon City, Oregon, 1939-1964)
# Z-Man (rapper)

Z-Man (given name Zamon) is an underground rapper and painter from the San Francisco Bay Area. He has released many full-length studio albums, several of which were self-recorded and released, and he has worked with numerous underground Bay Area rap legends.
He is a frequent collaborator with other artists in the Gurp City collective, composed of Sacred Hoop, Grand Invincible, G-Pek, Conceit, TOPR, MC Oroville and Bay Area legend Eddie Def. He has also worked with Hieroglyphics Crew, Disflex.6, and Refill Records.
Z-Man is also a painter with a broad body of acrylic-on-canvas paintings that portray cartoon-style hybrid creatures in vibrant, bold color schemes that often have thematic references to black culture. He paints all of his album covers and T-shirt designs, and has painted and drawn many album covers for other hip hop artists.

## Music career

Z-Man's first album appearance was in 1996, with his group 99th Demention, which consisted of Z, King Maz, Young Slim, Rated R, Rev Cope and P.B.F.-1. The group released one album and was compared to The Pharcyde early on.
In 2003 and 2004 he released two solo albums produced by the Hieroglyphics label, Dope or Dog Food? and Anti-Nerd. In 2008 his group One Block Radius signed with Mercury/Island/Def Jam Records. In 2008, he signed as to San Francisco label Machete Vox Records, working on an album titled Six Pack Of Dynamite, produced by BOAC and Dnae Beats.
Along with his many collaborations he has also worked with Bay Area producer G-Pek and released two albums, 2008's Don't Forget to Brag and 2012's In Case You Forgot.

## Discography

* A Verse or Two
* 4 Hours of Sleep
* Dope or Dog Food? (2003)
* Anti Nerd (2004)
* Don't Forget to Brag (2005)
* In Case You Forget (2012)
* The Vegetable and the Ferret (2012, with White Mic)
* California Brainwashed (2013)