OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Domed Mauritius giant tortoise

The domed Mauritius giant tortoise (Cylindraspis triserrata) is an extinct species of giant tortoise. It was endemic to Mauritius.

## Description

One of two different giant tortoise species which were endemic to Mauritius, this domed species seems to have specialised in grazing of grass, as well as fallen leaves and fruit on forest floors. Its sister species was likely a browser of higher branches, and although similarly sized, the two species differed substantially in their body shape and bone structure. The domed species had a flatter, rounder shape, with thinner bones and shell. The species name triserrata actually refers to the three bony ridges on this animal's mandibles—possibly a specialisation for its diet.

## Extinction

This species was previously numerous throughout Mauritius—both on the main island and on all of the surrounding islets. As Mauritius was the first of the Mascarene Islands to be settled, it was also the first to face the extermination of its biodiversity—including the tortoises. The tortoise species, like many island species, were reportedly friendly, curious and not afraid of humans.
With the arrival of the Dutch, vast numbers of both tortoise species were slaughtered—either for food (for humans or pigs) or to be burned for fat and oil. In addition, they introduced invasive species such as rats, cats and pigs, which ate the tortoises' eggs and hatchlings.
The species was likely extinct on the main island of Mauritius by about 1700, and on most of the surrounding islets by 1735.

### Round Island refuge

At least one of the two Mauritius giant tortoise species might have survived on Round Island, just north of Mauritius, until much later, according to the 1846 Lloyd report. The Lloyd expedition in 1844 found several very large specimens of giant tortoise surviving on Round Island, although the island was by then already overrun with enormous numbers of introduced rabbits.
In 1870, the Governor Sir Henry Barkly was concerned about the vanishing species and, in his enquiries, was told about the 1844 expedition by one of its members, Mr. William Kerr. Kerr informed the Governor that Mr. Corby, one of the other 1844 explorers, "captured a female land tortoise in one of the caves on Round Island and brought it to Mauritius, where it produced a numerous progeny, which were distributed among his acquaintance."
The Governor was unable to locate any of the progeny and, although hypothetically an 1845 hatchling could easily have lived into the 21st century, it is not known what happened to the hatchlings.
Round Island itself, already badly damaged by rabbits, had goats introduced to it soon afterwards. This—or some other factor—led to the total extinction of the giant tortoises in their last refuge. At the unknown point when the last of Corby's hatchlings died or was killed, the species would have become totally extinct.
# 1995 Carquest Bowl (January)

The 1995 Carquest Bowl (January) was a college football bowl game between the South Carolina Gamecocks and the West Virginia Mountaineers.

## Background

The Gamecocks finished third in the East Division of the Southeastern Conference while the Mountaineers finished tied for third in the Big East Conference. In 102 years of play, the Gamecocks had been to eight bowl games, but lost all of them. This was their ninth bowl game and first Carquest Bowl. The Mountaineers were in their second straight bowl game, though they had lost four straight bowl games.

## Game summary

Steve Taneyhill gave the Gamecocks an early lead with his touchdown pass to Boomer Foster with 12:34 remaining in the first quarter. Reed Morton increased the lead to 10 on a 47-yard field goal, the longest in Carquest Bowl and Gamecock bowl history. Robert Walker narrowed the lead on his touchdown run of 24 yards. Tanneyhill ran in for a four-yard touchdown to make it 17–7 at halftime. Lovett Purnell caught a touchdown pass from Chad Johnston to make it 17–14 in the third quarter. Stanley Pritchet ran in for a touchdown to make it 24–14. Purnell caught another touchdown from Johnston to make it 24–21 as the quarter soon ended. West Virginia was driving for points when they failed to convert on fourth down with 3:52 left. Pritchett was going for his second touchdown run when he broke free, but Aaron Beasley stripped him of the ball, and the Mountaineers recovered at their own 3 with 1:14 remaining. But they threw two incompletions and were sacked as the Gamecocks held on to win. South Carolina had won their first ever bowl game while West Virginia now had lost five straight.
Taneyhill went 26-of-36 for 227 yards and 1 touchdown. Johnston went 19-of-32 for 240 yards with 2 touchdowns and 1 interception.

## Aftermath

The Gamecocks waited six years until their next bowl game, this time with a different coach. The Mountaineers returned to the Carquest Bowl two years later.
This was the last edition of the Carquest Bowl to be televised by CBS. After the organizers of the Orange Bowl announced plans to move their game to Joe Robbie Stadium, the bowl lost its New Year’s Day slot; CBS decided not to renew its contract to air the game, which moved to TBS for its next playing.

## Statistics

| Statistics | South Carolina | West Virginia |
| First Downs | 21 | 16 |
| Yards Rushing | 148 | 150 |
| Yards Passing | 227 | 240 |
| Total Yards | 375 | 390 |
| Punts-Average | 4-35.2 | 2-54.0 |
| Fumbles-Lost | 6-2 | 3-2 |
| Interceptions | 0 | 1 |
| Penalties-Yards | 6-38 | 7-55 |
# Jim Hansen (Idaho politician)

James Duncan Hansen (born November 5, 1959) is an American attorney and politician serving as a commissioner of the Ada County Highway District. He was the 2006 Democratic nominee for Congress in Idaho's 2nd district, but was defeated by four-term incumbent Mike Simpson.
Hansen was previously a member of the Idaho House of Representatives from 1988 to 1994.

## Early life and education

Hansen was born in Idaho Falls and moved with his family to Arlington, Virginia in 1969. His father, Orval H. Hansen, was elected to Congress in 1968 as a Republican from Idaho's 2nd district and served three terms.
Hansen earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from the College of William and Mary in 1982 and a Juris Doctor from the University of Idaho College of Law in 1985.

## Career

While in school, Hansen worked as a ranger and naturalist in Yellowstone National Park.
Hansen began his legal career as an intern for state Attorney General Jim Jones in 1984. He was a law clerk for Chief Justice Charles R. Donaldson of the Idaho Supreme Court from 1985 to 1986. He practiced law with Givens Pursley from 1985 to 1991, focusing primarily on water and natural resource issues.
Hansen was elected to the Idaho House of Representatives in 1988, representing southeast Boise, and was re-elected in 1990 and 1992. Hansen imposed his own term limits and voluntarily retired in 1994.
In 1995 Hansen founded United Vision for Idaho, a coalition of organizations to empower participation in democracy and served as its first executive director. He took a sabbatical from that position during his run for the seat once held by his father but returned to the coalition after the election in 2006. Hansen resigned from United Vision for Idaho in April 2008 upon being named executive director of the Idaho Democratic Party.
In 2012, Hansen was elected as a commissioner of the Ada County Highway District for east and south Boise and eastern Ada County.

## Personal life

Hansen has been married to Joan Cartan-Hansen since 1990. They have two children. Hansen has one brother and five sisters; his mother, June, is a well-known actress in the Washington, D.C. area, who was awarded the Helen Hayes Award and been nominated several times.
# Roger Fairchild

Roger Fairchild (born c. 1953) is an American politician from Fruitland, Idaho, active in the 1980s and early 1990s. He was the Republican nominee for governor of Idaho in 1990, but was defeated by the Democratic incumbent, Cecil Andrus.
Fairchild was a member of the Idaho Senate from 1980 to 1990, when he resigned to run for governor.
In 2002, Fairchild announced his candidacy for state senate, running for the 9th district. He was defeated in the Republican primary by Monty Pearce.
# Robert L. Geddes

Robert L. Geddes (born November 14, 1955) is an American engineer and politician who served as a member of the Idaho Senate from 1995 to 2011 . He was a resident of Soda Springs. In 2011, Geddes resigned from the Idaho Senate to accept an appointment to the Idaho Tax Commission, where he served for one year. He later served as the director of the Idaho Department of Administration under Governor Butch Otter, retiring in 2018.

## Early life and education

Geddes is an Idaho native born in Preston and a graduate of Preston High School in 1974. Studying first at Ricks College, where earned an associate degree, he paused his studies to serve a two-year mission for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Austria. He later earned a Bachelor of Science in geology from Utah State University in 1981.

## Career

Working first for Conda Partnership from 1981 to 1985, Geddes spent the bulk of his career with Monsanto in Soda Springs as an environmental engineer from 1985 until 2011, taking a year-long leave of absence to serve on the Idaho State Tax Commission.
On January 18, 2011, Governor Butch Otter appointed him to be chairman of the Idaho State Tax Commission and Geddes immediately resigned his Senate seat. The Senate confirmed his nomination on February 4, 2011, by voice vote. Geddes served in that position until February 21, 2012, when he resigned and returned to Monsanto.

### Idaho Senate

Governor Phil Batt appointed Senator Dennis Hansen in 1995 to the Idaho Public Utilities Commission, creating a vacancy in the Senate for the 31st district, to which he later appointed Geddes. Geddes' father, Robert C. Geddes, was a state representative for 33 years, representing the same district. They served concurrently in the legislature for five years.
In 1998, Geddes was selected to be Majority Caucus Chair where he served until 2000. Senator Jerry Twiggs president pro tempore suddenly died while jogging and Geddes was selected to succeed Twiggs. Geddes served as president pro tempore until 2010, the longest any senator has ever held the position in state history.

### Line of succession

On two separate occasions Geddes as president pro tempore was required to serve as acting lieutenant governor and first in line of succession to the governor under Article IV, Section 14 of the Idaho Constitution. First, in January 2001 after the resignation of Lieutenant Governor Butch Otter who was elected to the United States House of Representatives until Lieutenant Governor-elect Jim Risch was sworn into office. Later, Geddes was acting lieutenant governor again in May and June 2006 after Lieutenant Governor Jim Risch became governor upon the resignation of Governor Dirk Kempthorne to become secretary of the interior until Mark Ricks, whom Governor Risch appointed to fill the vacancy in the office he left, was confirmed by the Senate.

## Personal life

He and his wife, Tammy, have five children.
# Bahamas Maritime Authority

The Bahamas Maritime Authority (BMA) is an authority that registers vessels in the Bahamas and enforces safety standards on Bahamian-registered craft. The authority has an office in the Shirlaw House in Nassau. It also has offices in the Bahamas House in New York City, in the Hutchinson House in Hong Kong, and in London.
The agency was established in July 1995. Prior to the establishment of the authority, the Bahamas Ministry of Transport maintained the register of ships that were Bahamian-flagged. The BMA was formed due to growth that made the prior arrangement difficult.
# John H. Burt

John Harris Burt (April 11, 1918 – October 20, 2009) was an American prelate, civil rights activist, and social worker, who served as the eighth bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Ohio from 1967 to 1983.

## Early life and education

Burt was born in Marquette, Michigan on April 11, 1918, to the Reverend Bates Gilbert Burt and Emily May Bailey. He was educated tat the high school of Pontiac, Michigan, before studying at Amherst College, from where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1940. He also served as the managing editor of the college newspaper, president of his fraternity and vice president of his senior class. He then did some a post-graduate studies in Social Work at Columbia University, after which he worked as a social worker at Christodora House in New York City. He then enrolled at the Virginia Theological Seminary, and graduated with a Bachelor of Divinity in 1943. He was awarded a Doctor of Divinity from Amherst College in 1940, Youngstown University in 1958, the Virginia Theological Seminary in 1967, and Kenyon College in 1967. He married Martha May Miller on February 16, 1946.

## Ordained ministry

Burt was ordained deacon in July 1943 by Bishop Frank W. Creighton of Michigan, and priest in January 1944, by Bishop William Scarlett of Missouri. He served as canon of the Cathedral chapter of Christ Church Cathedral in St. Louis, and as rector of St Paul's Church in St. Louis between 1943 and 1944. He then served as chaplain with the U.S. Navy between 1944 and 1946.
In 1946, he became chaplain at the University of Michigan, while in 1950, he became rector of St John's Church in Youngstown, Ohio. Between 1957 and 1967, he served as rector of All Saints' Church in Pasadena, California, where he transformed the parish into a leading voice for social change.

## Bishop

On May 20, 1966, Burt was elected Coadjutor Bishop of Ohio, and was consecrated on February 4, 1967, in Trinity Cathedral, Cleveland, Ohio, by Presiding Bishop John E. Hines. He succeeded as diocesan that same year, and retired in 1983.

## Civil Rights

Burt was a friend of the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr., and was instrumental in organizing civil rights rallies in Los Angeles, notably the 1963 civil rights event in Wrigley Field that attracted 30,000 people, and the 1964 event that was attended by 15,000 in the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. He also actively supported Cesar Chavez and the Farmworkers Movement.
Burt was also a vocal opponent of the Vietnam War. He was chosen by the Presiding Bishop to serve as a delegate on an interfaith global tour that included visiting South Vietnam and attending the International Inter-Religious Symposium of Peace in New Delhi. After the 1978 fall of the steel industry in Youngstown, Ohio, he co-founded the Ecumenical Coalition of the Mahoning Valley, for which he was awarded the Thomas Merton Award. He was also a supporter of the ordination of women to the priesthood and was the first Bishop of Ohio to ordain women in the diocese.
# Elliot Werk

Elliot Werk (born April 16, 1957) is a Democratic politician from Boise, Idaho in the United States. From 2002 until 2015 he served as the Idaho State Senator from District 17, which is based in the Boise Bench neighborhood.
Werk was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and emigrated to the United States when he was seven years old. He became a naturalized United States citizen while in college. After living in various locations throughout the United States, Werk moved to Idaho in the late 1990s with his family.
Werk was elected to the Idaho Senate in 2002, defeating Republican incumbent Grant R. Ipsen and Libertarian candidate David H. Slack. He was reelected to a sixth term in 2012 by a nearly 2-1 margin.
In January 2009 Werk succeeded Kate Kelly as assistant minority leader in the Idaho Senate. Kelly in turn became minority leader succeeding Clint Stennett, who battled brain cancer during the 2009 and 2010 sessions and died in October 2010.
In February 2015 Werk resigned from the Idaho Senate to take a position on the Idaho State Tax Commission. He was succeeded by Boise City Council president Maryanne Jordan.
Werk retired from the Tax Commission on September 3, 2021.
# Browning Society

Browning societies were groups who met to discuss the works of Robert Browning. Emerging from various reading groups, the societies indicated the poet's fame, and unusually were forming in his lifetime. Browning was not consulted on their foundation and the idea did not meet with his immediate approval.

## History

The earliest Browning Society, and longest continuing, was constituted in 1877 by Hiram Corson at Cornell University. The Boston Browning Society followed in 1885, which would become the largest and most influential. By 1900 there were hundreds of such groups across the United States, Canada and the British Isles.
The most notable Browning Society was established in London in 1881 by Frederick James Furnivall and Emily Hickey. Meeting monthly at University College London, it extended Browning's readership by publishing study aids for his works, along with cheaper editions and encouragement for amateur productions of his plays. Although the relationship with the society was often fraught, Browning recognised its role in his success.
Alexandra Orr who would become Robert Browning's biographer met Browning twice a week and she joined and donated money to the society. Encouraged by the society she created a Handbook to the Works of Robert Browning assisted by advice from the animal artist John Trivett Nettleship who had written some of the earliest work about Browning. Also prominent throughout its existence was the physician and author Edward Berdoe.

## In fiction

* Arthur Conan Doyle (2004) A Duet with an Occasional Chorus Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 1-4179-5932-0. Chapter XVI is set around the politics in a Browning Society.
# Leland G. Heinrich

Leland G. Heinrich (born July 29, 1943) is an American politician who served as a member of the Idaho State Senate from 2006 to 2010.

## Early life and education

On July 29, 1943, Heinrich was born in Boise, Idaho.
In 1965, Heinrich earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Agricultural Economics from the University of Idaho.

## Career

On November 7, 2006, Heinrich won the election and became a Republican member of Idaho Senate for District 8. Heinrich defeated Scott McLeod with 51.55% of the votes. On November 4, 2008, as an incumbent, Heinrich won the election and continued serving District 8. Heinrich defeated Randy K. Doman with 61.7% of the votes. On May 25, 2010, as an incumbent, Heinrich lost the election in the Republican Primary Election. Heinrich was defeated by Sheryl L. Nuxoll with 56.9% of the votes.

## Personal life

Heinrich's wife is Brenda Heinrich. They have five children.
# Jim Marriott

Jim Marriott (born December 10, 1934) was an American politician who was a Republican Idaho State Representative from 2006 to 2012.

## Early life and education

Marriott was born in Ogden, Utah on December 10, 1934. He earned his bachelor's degree in business administration from Utah State University.

## Elections
### Idaho House of Representatives District 31 Seat B
#### 2012

Redistricted to 31B, Marriott lost the Republican primary to Julie VanOrden taking only 37.6% of the vote.

### Idaho House of Representatives District 28 Seat B
#### 2010

Marriott was unopposed for the Republican primary and the general election.

#### 2008

Marriott was unopposed for the Republican primary and the general election.

#### 2006

At the end of the 2006 legislative session in April, Republican Representative Joseph S. Cannon resigned; Marriott won the three-way Republican primary with 46.2% of the vote defeating R. Scott Reese and Kirk G. Sheppard and was appointed to the vacancy in June by Governor Jim Risch. Marriott defeated Democratic nominee with 63.16% of the vote in the general election.
# The Star Girls

The Star Girls were an Australian pop band aimed at children. Their self-titled debut album The Star Girls from Planet Groove was nominated for the ARIA Award for Best Children's Album in 2002.
The Star Girls was formed by Dianne Regan. The band members included Dream Star (Jodie Crombie Brown), Smiley Star (Michelle Irsak), Cheeky Star (Dianne Regan) and Angel Star (Lyndal Vincent). They were sometimes joined by Regan's daughter, Jasmine, who goes by Twinkle Star.
In 2007, a spinoff animated series called "Planet Groove Featuring the Star Girls" was created for the Nicktoons Network.

## Band members

* Dream Star (Jodie Crombie Brown)
* Smiley Star (Michelle Irsak)
* Cheeky Star (Dianne Regan)
* Twinkle Star (Jasmine Regan)
* Angel Star (Lyndal Vincent)

## Discography
### Albums

* The Star Girls from Planet Groove (2002)
* Rock This World (2005)

### Singles

List of singles, with selected chart positions :
| Title | Year | Peak chart positions |
| Title | Year | AUS |
| "Girls Like Me" | 2002 | 74 |

## Awards and nominations
### ARIA Music Awards

| Year | Nominated works | Award | Result |
| 2002 | The Star Girls from Planet Groove | Best Children's Album | Nominated |
# Pat Takasugi

Patrick Alan "Pat" Takasugi (June 9, 1949 – November 6, 2011) was an American politician who served as a member of the Idaho House of Representatives for the 10A district from 2008 to 2011.

## Early life and education

Takasugi was born in Brigham City, Utah. After graduating from Vallivue High School, he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science from the College of Idaho in 1971.

## Career

After graduation, then he enlisted in the United States Army. During his military service, he was assigned to an Airborne unit, the Rangers, and the Special Forces, was elevated to the rank of captain, and he fulfilled his duty actively until 1976 and served as a reservist in additional five years. Returned to Idaho, he ran a farm near Wilder and Homedale, and served as the director of the Idaho Department of Agriculture. Celia Gould, a fellow Republican, succeeded him as director. Takasugi was a George W. Bush delegate to the 2004 Republican National Convention.

## Personal life

Takasugi was a Japanese American. He and his wife, Suzanne Backe, had three children.
He died from pseudomyxoma peritonei, a rare form of appendix cancer, while in office. He is buried at the Wilder Cemetery. Senators Mike Crapo and Jim Risch delivered eulogies for him on the Senate floor.
# Gary F. Young

Gary F. Young is a former American politician from Idaho. Young was a Republican member of Idaho House of Representatives.

## Early life

On February 23, 1945, Young was born in Ottumwa, Iowa.

## Education

Young attended Mesa Junior College until 1965. Young attend Adams State College. In 1968, Young earned a Bachelor of Science degree from Colorado State University.

## Career

In 1968, in military, Young was a member of the United States Army Reserve, until 1977.
In 1969, Young was a Sales Representative for Shell Chemical Company, until 1977.
In 1996, Young served as the Vice Chair of Latah County Republicans Central Committee, until 1998. In June 1998, Young served as the Chair of Latah County Republicans Central Committee, until 2000.
In 1997, Young became a Senior Marketing Representative for Novartis Crop Protection, until 1999.
On November 7, 2000, Young won the election and became a Republican member of Idaho House of Representatives for District 5, seat B. Young defeated Shirley G. Ringo with 51.0% of the votes.
On November 5, 2002, as an incumbent, Young sought a seat in District 6, seat B unsuccessfully. Young was defeated by Shirley G. Ringo with 53.2% of the votes.

## Personal life

Young's wife is Lynne Young. They have two children. Young and his family live in Moscow, Idaho.
# Stanley A. Johnson

Stanley A. Johnson (January 13, 1925 – June 15, 2013) was an American politician, farmer, and Methodist minister.
Born near Mitchell, South Dakota, he served in the United States Army during World War II. He then farmed and was a Methodist minister. Johnson served in the South Dakota House of Representatives 1967-1976 as a Republican. He died in Tyndall, South Dakota.