OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Gazzam Butler

Brig. Gen. John Gazzam Butler (January 23, 1842 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania – August 17, 1914 in Portland, Oregon) was an American army officer and inventor. He spent most of his career in the Ordnance Corps where he helped design and produce better ammunition for rifled guns.

## Early life

Butler was the son of John Bartlett Butler (1793–1870) and Catherine (Gazzam) Butler (1799–1882). His father had been a newspaper editor, then president of the Pennsylvania Canal Commission. During the Mexican-American War he served as a major under General Zachary Taylor, after the war he served as a paymaster at the Allegheny Arsenal. John G. Butler spent much of his childhood at the arsenal.
On his mother's side, Pittsburgh doctor and politician Edward D. Gazzam (1803–1878) was his uncle, and politician and businessman Joseph M. Gazzam (1842–1927) his cousin.
After attending public schools in Pittsburgh, Butler entered Western University of Pennsylvania but in 1859 left for West Point, graduating in 1863. He served with the 4th U.S. Artillery, Battery M, and saw action at the Battle of Chickamauga.

## Ordnance career

Butler was transferred to the Ordnance Corps on January 29, 1864, and was assigned to the Frankford Arsenal. In May 1864 Butler was detached for several months to help arm volunteers in New Jersey and then was sent to South Carolina to arm Sherman's army and accompanied it on the final few weeks of its march to the sea. He then served as assistant inspector and constructor of ordnance, based in New York City (December 1864 to June 1867). He continued to serve at various arsenals and depots, making captain (1874), major (1890), lieutenant colonel (1901), colonel (1903), and brigadier-general upon his retirement in 1904. He had served as president of the Ordnance Board (1899–1900) and as a member of the Board for Testing Rifled Cannon (1900–1903).
Butler developed improved projectiles for use with rifled artillery in the early 1870s. In 1875 he published a book on "Projectiles and Rifled Cannon". In 1876 he was sent to Europe to study methods of ordnance production there. The army continued to purchase shot and shells produced under Butler's patents until at least 1882. He also had other patents, such as one concerning improvements in manufacturing gun barrels (1876).

## Family

Butler married Eliza Miller "Lillie" Warnick (1843–1906) on January 25, 1866. They had six children, five of whom survived infancy. Their son Lawrence Parker Butler (1868–1926) died in Walter Reed Hospital as a lieutenant colonel in the army infantry. Rodman Butler (1872–1950) served in the cavalry and later in the Quartermaster Corps, retiring as a lieutenant colonel in 1927. Their daughter Harriet, a national tennis champion, married Jay Johnson Morrow, another West Point graduate who was in the United States Army Corps of Engineers and served as Governor of the Panama Canal Zone from 1921 to 1924.
Butler died suddenly while staying with his daughter Harriet in Portland, Oregon. He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery.
# Kane Thompson

Kane Gregory Thompson (born 9 January 1982) is a New Zealand-born rugby union coach and former player who played for the Samoa national rugby union team. He played professionally for several teams in New Zealand and in Europe during his 19-year playing career. He retired from playing in 2021, and has since served as head coach for NOLA Gold in Major League Rugby (MLR).

## Playing career

Thompson debuted for the Highlanders in 2006. He showed he was well capable of stepping up to the higher level and he had a strong 2006/ 2007 season for the Highlanders and Southland. In 2007 he represented Manu Samoa at the Rugby World Cup and went on to represent U.S. Dax in the Top 14 in France. Kane represented Samoa at the 2011 Rugby World Cup before taking up a contract with Chiefs in 2012, who became Super Rugby champions in that year.
He played for the Chiefs in the 2012 Super Rugby, joining national teammate Mahonri Schwalger.
On 17 July 2014, Thompson signed for Newcastle Falcons who compete in the English Aviva Premiership from the 2014–15 season.
Kane also represented Samoa in the 2015 Rugby World Cup in England.
Kane then went on to play for Manawatu in 2016, before moving on to play for Taranaki in 2017, 2018 before moving to play for NOLA Gold in the MLR Competition

## Coaching

Thompson served as player-coach for NOLA Gold in Major League Rugby, serving as forwards and defensive coach. He was named head coach in December 2021 ahead of the 2022 season. Thompson was named as assistant coach of Samoa in 2024 after a brief coaching stint with them in 2016 and 2021
# Cold Summer (U.S.D.A. album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| HipHopDX | |
| Pitchfork Media | (4.5/10) |
| RapReviews | (4.5/10) |
| Sixshot | (8/10) |
| DJBooth.net | |
Cold Summer is the only studio album by American hip hop trio U.S.D.A. It was released May 22, 2007, on Jeezy's Corporate Thugz Entertainment label, which is distributed by Def Jam. The album debuted at No. 4 on the Billboard 200 with approximately 95,000 copies sold in its first week released.

## Background

In an interview with MTV, Jeezy explained why he chose not to release a regular studio album to showcase his crew.
   "It's crazy," Jeezy said in a statement. "I wanted to do it mix tape-style 'cause I wanted it to be something for the streets. It's like Trap or Die on steroids. I love that. It's a street album, just raw."

## Singles

* The lead single is "White Girl", produced by Drumma Boy.
* The second single is "Corporate Thuggin'".

## Track listing

| # | Title | Producer(s) | Featured guest(s) | Length |
| 1 | "Focus" | Black Mob | | 03:42 |
| 2 | "White Girl" | Drumma Boy | | 03:55 |
| 3 | "Get It Up" | The Nazty One | | 04:12 |
| 4 | "Check" | Terry "T.A." Allen | | 04:12 |
| 5 | "Corporate Thuggin'" | The Nazty One | | 03:24 |
| 6 | "Throw This Money" | Midnight Black | | 03:41 |
| 7 | "Pam" | The Nazty One | | 03:45 |
| 8 | "Quickie" | Drumma Boy | Allie | 03:44 |
| 9 | "Live My Life" | Tony Rey & Cliff Brown | Scar | 03:34 |
| 10 | "Ride Tonight" | AJ Platinum Tracks | | 03:44 |
| 11 | "What It Is" | Terry "T.A." Allen | | 03:55 |
| 12 | "I Keep Tellin' Myself" | The Nazty One | | 03:35 |
| 13 | "Respect da Shield" | San "Chez" Holmes | Roccett & 211 | 04:38 |
| 14 | "Go Getta" (Remix) | Drumma Boy | R. Kelly, Bun B & Jadakiss | 03:52 |
# Cisco Bridges

The Cisco Bridges are a pair of railroad bridges at Siska (historically known as Cisco) near Lytton, British Columbia, Canada. The Canadian Pacific Railway and Canadian National Railway both follow the route of the Fraser River, one on each side, and the routes exchange sides at this point. The easier CPR route was laid first; when the CNR arrived later they needed to follow the more difficult route. The area is popular with railfans due to the proximity of the two bridges (which allows both bridges to be taken in one photograph, sometimes with a train on each bridge simultaneously), and the easy access to the area (the Trans-Canada Highway, BC Hwy 1) is parallel to both bridges down the east bank of the river. Directional running in the Fraser Canyon means that both CPR and CNR trains may be seen on both bridges. Although this area is generally known as Cisco, the actual CN timetable station point of Cisco is approximately 4.0 km (2.5 mi) to the east of the bridges.

## Canadian National Railway

The Canadian National bridge is a truss arch bridge, 247 metres (810 ft) long and 67 metres (220 ft) high. The north-west end of the bridge abuts into a near-vertical rock face. The south-east end of the bridge crosses the CPR tracks about 100 metres (330 ft) north of the CPR bridge.

## Canadian Pacific Railway

The Canadian Pacific bridge is a 3-span, 160-metre-long (520 ft) truss bridge. There are two short Pratt truss spans at each end of the longer Parker truss main span. The south end of the bridge (on the west bank of the river) enters directly into the Cantilever Bar Tunnel, in the side of the Cisco Bluff.
The original span was built by Joseph Tomlinson and was pre-fabricated in England and shipped to Canada in 1883. The bridge – then one of the longest cantilever spans in North America – was then constructed by the San Francisco Bridge Company. When the current bridge was built at Cisco in 1910, the original span was moved to the Esquimalt and Nanaimo Railway on Vancouver Island to cross the Niagara Creek Canyon (48°28′57″N 123°33′27″W﻿ / ﻿48.4825°N 123.5574°W﻿ / 48.4825; -123.5574), where it is still in use (now by the Southern Railway of Vancouver Island).
# Eudectus

Eudectus is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Staphylinidae.
The species of this genus are found in Europe and Japan.
Species:
* Eudectus altaiensis Zerche, 1990
* Eudectus crassicornis LeConte, 1884
# Lasalle Secondary School

Lasalle Secondary School is located in the New Sudbury neighbourhood of Greater Sudbury, Ontario. It offers both the English and French Immersion programs. There are five different Specialist High Skills Majors (SHSMs) available to students at Lasalle: Energy, Business, Sports, Construction and Millwright. As well, the school offers a specialized program called The Sport and Healthy, Active Living (SHAL) program. The school is part of the Rainbow District School Board. As of 2019, 971 full-time equivalent students are enrolled at the school. The students and its mascot are referred to as Lancers.

## Administration

There have been many changes in the top administration of the school in recent years.
| Year | Principal | Vice-principal(s) | Trustee |
| 2005-2006 | Scott Darling | Heather Gaffney, Craig Runciman | Dena Morrison |
| 2006-2007 | Ada Della Penta | Craig Runciman, David Wiwchar | Dena Morrison |
| 2007-2008 | Craig Runciman | Maureen McNamara, Cheryl Geoghegan | Dena Morrison |
| 2008-2009 | | | Dena Morrison |
| 2009-2010 | Jeff McKibbon | Maureen McNamara, Pamela Potvin | Dena Morrison |
# Latu Vaeno

Latu Malohi Vaeno (born 5 January 1995) is a Tongan-born, New Zealand rugby union player who currently plays as an outside back for Taranaki in the ITM Cup. A strong debut season for them in 2015 saw him named in the Chiefs wider training group ahead of the 2016 Super Rugby season.
Vaeno moved to Rotorua Boys' High School as a teenager on a rugby scholarship, arriving in 2012 having impressed in playing for the Tonga under-19s in his first year of rugby, after previously playing volleyball.
# Dina Kagramanov

Dina Kagramanov (born 24 August 1986), is an Azerbaijan-born Canadian chess player who holds the FIDE title of Woman International Master (WIM, 2009). She won the Canadian Women's Chess Championship twice.

## Biography

In 2003, Dina Kagramanov won the Canadian Girls Chess Championship in the U18 age group. In 2005, she won the Toronto Women's Chess Championship. In 2009, Dina Kagramanov for the first time won the Canadian Women's Chess Championship. In 2010, Kagramanov participated in Women's World Chess Championship by knock-out system and in the first round lost to Nana Dzagnidze.
She played for Canada in the Women's Chess Olympiads:
* In 2002, at the second board in the 35th Chess Olympiad (women) in Bled (+6, =3, -3),
* In 2008, at the third board in the 38th Chess Olympiad (women) in Dresden (+5, =1, -3),
* In 2010, at the second board in the 39th Chess Olympiad (women) in Khanty-Mansiysk (+5, =1, -3).
In 2009, Kagramanov was awarded the FIDE Woman International Master (WIM) title.
# Aaron Cummings

Aaron Cummings (born July 1, 1997) is an American rugby sevens player. He competed for the United States at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris.
# Dasygnypeta

Dasygnypeta is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Staphylinidae.
The species of this genus are found in Europe.
Species:
# Sugarfactory

The Sugarfactory was a music venue and night club in Amsterdam, Netherlands. It was located on the Lijnbaansgracht, near the Leidseplein in the centre of Amsterdam.

## History

Sugarfactory's building is a former sugar refinery. This building and the rest of the street block between Stadsschouwburg, Lijnbaansgracht and Leidsegracht has been used by De Granaatappel as sugar refinery since at least 1854. After multiple city expansions, by 1920 the refinery found itself located in what was now the centre of Amsterdam. This and the competition and crisis after World War I, led to the refinery shutting down and selling its equipment and buildings in September 1920. The building on the Lijnbaansgracht was bought by cookie company De Lindeboom. By the late 1970s, the building was renovated to provide studio spaces for art and later theatre rehearsals. In 2005, Sugarfactory acquired the building and positioned itself as an alternative nightspot. Manne van der Zee became director of Sugarfactory in 2012. The club was recognised by Shamiro van der Geld, night mayor of Amsterdam, as "that other club" in addition to the big two (Melkweg and Paradiso).
In January 2019, the club filed for bankruptcy.
# Lobrathium

Lobrathium is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Staphylinidae.
The species of this genus are found in Europe, Japan and America.
Species:
* Lobrathium ablectum Assing, 2012
* Lobrathium abyssinum (Cameron, 1947)
# Awhala Fort

Awhala Fort is a restored late Islamic Fort in the village of Awhala (also variously rendered Ohala, Wahala and Ouhala), in Fujairah, United Arab Emirates. The village is located in the lower reaches of the Wadi Helo. Significant finds of Iron Age development lie below the foundations of the fort and signs of Wadi Suq period occupation have also been found.

## Iron Age and earlier

Mudbrick and stone walls are apparent at Awhala, with destruction layers and ceramics pointing to occupation of the fort from Iron Age dates onwards. A massive earlier wall was incorporated into the late Islamic Fort structure. Sherds of Wadi Suq era pottery were found at the site, pointing to continuous or near-continuous occupation of Awhala from 1,500 to 1,300 BCE. Ceramic jars found at the site can be compared to those found at other Iron Age sites in the Emirates and a confident date can be ascribed to these of Iron Age II (1,000 to 600 BCE) provenance. The Iron Age fortifications at Awhala are considered to form one of the largest Iron Age structures in southeastern Arabia.

## Modern restoration

The late Islamic fort was restored in 2003 and is thought to be some 250 years old. It has a distinctive round tower standing above a high-walled small, rectangular courtyard. The tower itself is 11 metres high and 9 metres in diameter.
# Ron J. Twilegar

Ron Jess Twilegar (born September 18, 1950) is an American attorney who served as a member of the Idaho Legislature. Twilegar was the 1990 Democratic nominee for the open United States Senate seat in Idaho vacated by Jim McClure. He was defeated by Republican Congressman Larry Craig.

## Early life

Twilegar was born in Vancouver, Washington. He moved to Boise, Idaho when he was 10 years old and later served in the United States Army during the Vietnam War.

## Career

Prior to his Senate run Twilegar was a member of the Idaho Legislature, serving in the Idaho House of Representatives from 1975 to 1976 and the Idaho Senate from 1977 to 1982. Additionally, Twilegar was the Senate Minority Leader during his time in the Senate.
Twilegar was on Boise City Council from 1984 to 1987.
Twilegar ran unopposed in the primary for Boise County prosecutor and was unopposed in the general election. Although he lived in Ada County and did not have the necessary bar license, Twilegar ran in the 2008 primary in both Boise County and Camas County, seeking to ensure that he would achieve office in one of them. He won both primaries but chose to withdraw from the Camas County ballot. He was investigated by the Idaho Attorney General's office for failure to meet the legal residency requirement in Boise County. but was found to qualify for the general election, which he won.
In 2020, Twilegar ran unopposed in the Democratic primary for Ada County Prosecutor. He was defeated by Republican Jan Bennetts in the November general election.

## Personal life

Twilegar's ex-wife, Jackie Groves Twilegar, was the 2006 Democratic nominee for Idaho state controller, but lost the election to the Republican, Donna Jones. Twilegar was a 2nd Lieutenant in the Army for his service in the Vietnam War.
# Psychiatric Nursing

Psychiatric Nursing: The Nurse-Patient Relationship is a 1958 American documentary film directed by Lee R. Bobker. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.
# Burnet R. Maybank Jr.

Burnet Rhett Maybank Jr. (May 2, 1924 – October 25, 2016) was an American lawyer and politician in the state of South Carolina. He was the son of Governor of South Carolina and Senator Burnet Maybank. Maybank was educated at The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina from 1941 to 1942, and served in World War II with the United States Army Air Corps, participating in 31 combat missions over Western Europe. He later attended the University of South Carolina, graduating with a LL.B. in 1950. He was also admitted to the South Carolina bar that same year and practiced law in Greenville, South Carolina, and Charleston, South Carolina. Maybank served as a Democrat in the South Carolina House of Representatives from 1953 to 1958. He later served as Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina under governor Fritz Hollings from 1959 to 1963.
Later, Maybank switched to the Republican Party. He served on the Charleston County Council until his retirement. Maybank died on October 25, 2016, at the age of 92. He married Marion Mitchell on January 22, 1949, and has two children, Marion and Burnet Rhett III.
# Murray Williams

Murray Williams (born 27 June 1982) is a former New Zealand rugby union player. A fly-half, Williams notably played for Bay of Plenty in the National Provincial Championship and the Chiefs in Super Rugby.
He played for the New Zealand Colts between 2002 and 2003 and has represented Japan at an international level, where he was a member of their 2011 Rugby World Cup squad.
Williams last played for Mid Canterbury in the Heartland Championship during the 2013 season when they defeated North Otago 26–20 to win the Meads Cup.
# Chan Wey

Chanway or Chan Wey (transl. O, Moon) is a 1951 Pakistani Punjabi-language film directed Noor Jehan (in her directorial debut) with the supervision of Shaukat Hussain Rizvi.
It was written by Syed Imtiaz Ali Taj. Feroz Nizami provided the music for the film's soundtrack. It premiered in Lahore's Regent Cinema on 24 March 1951.
The film was the first Pakistani film directed by a woman. "Mundeya Sialkotiya" was a popular track from the film's soundtrack.

## Cast

The cast of the film includes:
* Noor Jehan as Seema
* Santosh Kumar as Feroze
* Ghulam Mohammad as Fazal
* Jahangir Khan as Aslam
* Saleem Raza as Chiragh
* Nafees Begum as Khairaan
* Himalyawala as Doctor
* Yasmin as Shaddo

## Production

After migrating from India, Shaukat Hussain Rizvi established his Shahnoor Studios and decided to produce a film. He was advised to produce film in Punjabi language because at that time Punjabi films such as Pheray (1949) and Laraay (1950) were commercially successful rather than Urdu language films. So, he directed and produced Channway and his spouse Noor Jehan was credited as the director because he himself did not know the Punjabi language. Thus, it became the first Pakistani film by a female director.
The film also marked Noor Jehan's return to the screen since her last film Jugnu (1947), also directed by Rizvi and had music composed by Nizami.

## Release and reception

The film premiered on 24 March 1951 in Lahore's Regent cinema. It became commercially successful with a theatrical run of 18 weeks.

## Soundtrack

Feroz Nizami composed the film's music on the lyrics of F.D. Sharf and Ustad Daman. All songs were performed by Noor Jehan except one, which was performed by Ali Bakhsh Zahoor.

### Track listing

| Song title | Lyrics by | Sung by | Notes |
| Tere Mukhre Da Kala Kala Til Way, Mera Kud Ke Le Gya Dil Way, Way Mundeya Sialkotiya | F.D. Sharf | Noor Jehan | Popular song from the film's soundtrack |
| Changa Banaya e Sanu, Kach Da Khadona | F.D. Sharf | Noor Jehan | |
| Way Tu Bhul Na Javin | F.D. Sharf | Noor Jehan | |
| Chann Deya Totya Wey, Dillan Deya Khotya | F.D. Sharf | Noor Jehan | This song establishes Noor Jehan's mastery over difficult singing |
| Bedardaan Di Dunya Kohlun | F.D. Sharf | Ali Baksh Zahoor | |
| Lamiaan Manzilan, Dil Door Kinaray | F.D. Sharf | Noor Jehan | |
| Bach Ja Mundeya Mor Tun | Ustad Daman | Noor Jehan | |
| Teray Long Da Peya Lashkara | F.D. Sharf | Noor Jehan and chorus | |
# Fash

Fash (Persian: فش) is a village in, and the capital of, Fash Rural District of the Central District of Kangavar County, Kermanshah province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 national census, the village's population was 1,925 in 506 households. The following census in 2011 counted 1,700 people in 520 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 1,545 people in 507 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
# Microscydmus

Microscydmus is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Staphylinidae.
The species of this genus are found in Europe, Australia and Northern America.
Species:
* Microscydmus abditus (Coquerel, 1860)
* Microscydmus aberrans Franz, 1986
* Microscydmus lynfieldi Franz, 1977
# Jerry White (historian)

Jerry White is a British historian who has specialised in the history of London. From 1997 onwards he has worked on a trilogy of books about London from 1700 to 2000.

## Career in local government

Jerry White embarked upon a career in local government after leaving grammar school in Dorset in 1967. Between 1989 and 1995 he was the chief executive of the London Borough of Hackney. Between 1995 and 2009 he was one of the three Local Government Ombudsmen for England.

## Career as a historian

His discovery in November 1971 of the Rothschild Buildings in Flower and Dean Street, Spitalfields led him to write an oral history of it. As a consequence of this, he met Raphael Samuel who provided him with academic training as an historian.
Since 2009 he has been the visiting professor of history at Birkbeck.
# Barah Ruz

Barah Ruz (Persian: بره روز, also Romanized as Barah Rūz; also known as Barārūz) is a village in Jangal Rural District, in the Central District of Fasa County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 41, in 9 families.
# Jackson Willison

Jackson Dan Kingi Willison (born (1988-09-05)5 September 1988) is a New Zealand rugby union player. His regular playing position is as a centre.
Willison played for the Chiefs in Super Rugby from 2009 to 2012, and was part of the title winning Chiefs in 2012. He has also played for the Blues in Super Rugby and Waikato in the Mitre 10 Cup.
In 2012, he was selected for the Māori All Blacks end of year tour.
For 2013, Willison was initially included in the Chiefs, before being delisted by coach Dave Rennie while he sought to contract Counties-Manukau midfielder Bundee Aki. Blues coach John Kirwan acted quickly to sign Willison and move him to Auckland.
At the start of 2014, it was announced that he would leave the Blues after the 2014 Super Rugby season to join French Top 14 side Grenoble on a two-year contract. On 8 January 2016, Willison joined Aviva Premiership team Worcester Warriors for the 2015–16 season. On 15 January 2018, Willison signs for local rivals Bath ahead of the 2018–19 season.
At conclusion of his contract with Bath he moved to French Pro D2 club Soyaux Angoulême.