OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jack Ward Thomas

Jack Ward Thomas (September 7, 1934 – May 26, 2016) was the thirteenth chief of the U.S. Forest Service, serving during the Clinton administration years of 1993–1996.
He was born in Fort Worth, Texas. His undergraduate education and degree (a BS in wildlife management in 1957) was from Texas A&M University. He worked for the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department for ten years. Then while working as a USFS research biologist at Morgantown, West Virginia, he received an MS in wildlife ecology from West Virginia University. He headed a Forest Service research unit at the University of Massachusetts in Amherst. He received his PhD in forestry there in 1972. In 1974, he moved to La Grande, Oregon, working as the chief research wildlife biologist and program leader at the USFS Forestry and Range Sciences Laboratory.
On December 1, 1993, he was appointed Chief of the U.S. Forest Service. During his time as head of the USFS, the Northwest Forest Plan was adopted. Jack became a member of the Boone and Crockett Club in 1994. After retiring from the Forest Service, he accepted a position as the Boone and Crockett Professor of Wildlife Conservation at the School of Forestry of the University of Montana in Missoula, Montana—a position he held until 2006 when he officially retired.
He died on May 26, 2016, after a battle with cancer, at his home in Florence, Montana.

## Publications

He has more than 600 publications Archived 2015-09-26 at the Wayback Machine to his credit, including:
* Jack Ward Thomas: The Journals of a Forest Service Chief, edited by Harold K. Steen. UofWA Press, 2004, 417 pp.
* North American Elk: Ecology and Management, Smithsonian Institution Press, 2002, Thomas was co-editor.
* Wildlife habitats in managed forests: the Blue Mountains of Oregon and Washington, Agriculture Handbook No. 553, USDA, 1979. Thomas was editor.
* Viability assessments and management considerations for species associated with late-successional and old-growth forests of the Pacific Northwest, USFS, 1993.
* A Conservation Strategy for the Northern Spotted Owl, 1990
* Wildlife habitats in managed rangelands: The Great Basin of southeastern Oregon : riparian zones (General technical report PNW), 1979
* Forks in the Trail: A Conservationist's Trek to the Pinnacles of Natural Resource Management, Boone and Crockett Club, 2015
* Wilderness Journals: Wandering the High Lonesome, Boone and Crockett Club, 2015
* Hunting Around the World: Fair Chase Pursuits from Backcountry Wilderness to the Scottish Highlands, Boone and Crockett Club, 2015
# Murphy (given name)

Murphy is a given name of Irish origin.
Notable people and characters with the name include:

## People
### Men

* Murphy Akanji (born 1977), Nigerian footballer
* Murphy Anderson (1926–2015), American comics artist
* Murphy Bennett (born 2004), British footballer
* Murphy Currie (1893–1939), American baseball player
* Murphy Dunne (born 1942), American actor and musician
* Murphy J. Foster (1849–1921), American politician
* Murphy James Foster Jr., known as Mike Foster (1930–2020), American businessman and politician
* Murphy Greenberg (1907–1984), American football player
* Murphy Guyer (born 1952), American actor, playwright, writer and director
* Murphy Holloway (born 1990), American basketball player
* Murphy Ijemba, Nigerian radio personality
* Murphy Jensen (born 1968), American tennis player and businessman
* Murphy Lee (born 1979/1980), American rapper
* Murphy Mahoney (born 2001), English footballer
* Murphy Morobe, South African anti-apartheid activist
* Murphy Nagbe (born 1984), Liberian footballer
* Murphy Pakiam (born 1938), Malaysian Catholic archbishop
* Murphy O. Shewchuk, Canadian writer
* Murphy Smith (born 1987), American professional baseball pitcher
* Murphy Su'a (born 1966), New Zealand cricketer
* Murphy Taramai (born 1992), New Zealand rugby union player
* Murphy Tomlinson, American curler
* Murphy Troy (born 1989), American volleyball player
* Murphy Walker (born 1999), Scottish rugby union player
* Murphy Wiredu (born 1985), Canadian soccer player

### Women

* Murphy Agnew (born 1998), American soccer player
* Murphy Bromberg (born 1995), American diver
* Murphy Claire Levesque (born 2008), daughter of Stephanie McMahon and Triple H

## Fictional characters

* Murphy Bellman, in the British TV series The Dumping Ground
* Murphy Brown, the title character from the TV show Murphy Brown played by Candice Bergen
* Murphy Cooper, in the film Interstellar (2014)
* Murphy MacManus, one of the two main characters from the movie The Boondock Saints
* Murphy Pendleton, the protagonist of the video game Silent Hill: Downpour
* the title character of Murphy, Samuel Beckett's first published novel
# Josef Pleticha

Josef Pleticha (10 February 1902 – 6 January 1951) was a Czechoslovak footballer. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1924 Summer Olympics. At a club level, he played for SK Slavia Prague.
# Surf Air Mobility

Surf Air Mobility Inc. is an American aviation company focused on regional flying. The company plans to develop electric and hybrid powertrains to upgrade existing aircraft. Surf Air Mobility is the parent company of Surf Air, a charter flight operator, and two airlines, Mokulele Airlines and Southern Airways Express.

## History

Surf Air Mobility was formed in February 2020 following the acquisition of BlackBird Air. The company also controls Surf Air, a private air travel company providing the ability to access short-haul regional flights that range from 50 to 500 miles.
In September 2020, Surf Air Mobility secured a commitment for $200 million in funding from Global Emerging Markets Group (GEM).
In February 2021, Surf Air Mobility entered an agreement to acquire Ampaire, an electric aviation company that develops hybrid-electric powertrains for aircraft such as the Ampaire Electric EEL based on the Cessna 337 and the Cessna Grand Caravan. The agreement has since been called off. In July 2021, Surf Air Mobility announced that it has entered into an exclusive relationship with Textron Aviation in which Textron Aviation will support Surf Air Mobility's development of an electrified Cessna Grand Caravan, beginning with a hybrid electric Cessna Grand Caravan aircraft. Surf Air Mobility has agreed to purchase up to 150 Cessna Grand Caravan EX single-engine turboprops, with an initial fleet order of 100 aircraft and an option for 50 more.
In July 2023, Surf Air Mobility went public on the stock market through a direct listing on the New York Stock Exchange. A decision many finance outlets described as risky. As part of Surf Air Mobility's debut on the stock market, it completed its acquisition of Southern Airways Express in August 2023.
In March 2024, Surf Air Mobility entered into a MOU agreement with Auric Air to upgrade up to 12 of their Cessna Grand Caravans with Surf Air’s proprietary electrified powertrain technology once certified. In May 2024, Surf Air Mobility began scheduled commuter service between West Lafayette (Purdue University) and Chicago O’Hare. The service provides staff, students, family, friends, and the greater community with easier, faster connections. Also in May 2024, Surf Air Mobility launched Williamsport’s only scheduled commuter service that flies between Williamsport Regional Airport and Washington Dulles International Airport. In June 2024, Surf Air Mobility entered into a MOU agreement with Brazil-based airline operator, ASTA, to upgrade up to 4 of the Cessna Grand Caravan aircraft with Surf Air’s proprietary electrified powertrain technology once certified.
# Direct Blue 15

Direct Blue 15 is an organic compound that is classified as an azo dye. It is a dark blue water soluble solid. It is a popular substantive dye, which means that it useful for dying cotton and related cellulosic materials. It is produced by azo coupling of o-dianisidine with the appropriate naphthalene disulfonate.
# Stuart Lester

Stuart Lester (born 8 February 1975) is a New Zealand former professional rugby league footballer who played professionally for Wigan.
His brother, Aaron, played professionally for the Auckland Warriors and Whitehaven.

## Playing career

Lester made the Junior Kiwis in 1994 and was part of the side that defeated the Australian Schoolboys side for the first time.
In 1995 Lester was signed by the new Auckland Warriors franchise and played for the Warriors Colts in the Lion Red Cup. He was part of the side that lost the Grand Final that year. He remained with the Warriors in 1996, however he was limited to reserve grade appearances.
In August 1996 he was signed by the Wigan Warriors on a three-year contract, however due to a delay in a work permit he was not allowed to join the club until January 1997. Lester played eight games for the club during 1997's Super League II.
# Jokbal

Jokbal (Korean: 족발) is a Korean dish consisting of pig's trotters cooked with soy sauce and spices. It is usually braised in a combination of soy sauce, ginger, garlic, and rice wine. Additional ingredients used can include onion, leeks, garlic, cinnamon, and black pepper.

## History

Jokbal is presumed to have originated from braised pork, a local food of Hwanghae-do, where pigs' legs are boiled. The current jokbal is a food that started in Jangchung-dong in the 1960s and is known to have been developed by grandmothers from Pyeongan-do and Hwanghae-do for a living. In the 1960s and 1970s, it became widely known through visitors to Jangchung Gymnasium, where professional wrestling games were frequently held.
The etymology of the name Jokbal is disputed. The first presumption is that the word Jokbal is from word 쪽발(Jjokbal) meaning cloven hoof and the word Jjokbal was pronounced softly to sell as menu and became Jokbal. The second presumption is that the Sino-Korean word 족(Jok, Hanja: 足) which means foot and the Korean word 발(bal) which also means foot was written together on a menu for customers who cannot read Korean and it became a single word.

## Serving

As jokbal is a dish usually shared by several people, it is generally served in large portions, and as it is greasy and has a strong flavour, Korean diners often eat it as Ssam, wrapped in a piece of lettuce with sauces and other vegetables. Jokbal is considered an anju and thus is often accompanied with soju. Restaurants serving jokbal frequently offer both a regular and a spicy version of the dish, with especially spicy versions being dubbed buljokbal—literally "fire jokbal". Most also offer other variations, including Busan-style naengchae jokbal, which is served cold and garnished with chilled vegetables.

## Nutrition

Jokbal contains a lot of gelatin and is thus said to promote firm, wrinkle-free skin. The amino acid methionine, found in pork, is claimed to counteract the effects of alcohol and prevent hangovers. Korean sources also attribute numerous other beneficial effects to pork products like jokbal.

## Jokbal Street

The area around Dongguk University Station in Jangchung-dong, Seoul, is known for its numerous jokbal restaurants. The restaurants have long histories, some having been open for as many as 50 years, and all claim to be the "original" jokbal restaurant. Most of the restaurants have opened franchises throughout the country and offer delivery services.

## Gallery

* Standard jokbal
* With sauces
* With bossam
* At a vendor in Namdaemun Market
* At Korean Town in Osaka, Japan
# Calytrix patrickiae

Calytrix patrickiae is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family Myrtaceae and is endemic to a restricted area in the south-west of Western Australia. It is a spreading shrub with many branches, decussate, egg-shaped to narrowly oblong leaves and deep purple flowers with a yellow base, and about 30 to 40 stamens in several rows.

## Description

Calytrix patrickiae is a spreading shrub with many branches, and that typically grows to a height of 10–40 cm (3.9–15.7 in). Its leaves are decussate, egg-shaped to narrowly oblong, 3.0–4.5 mm (0.12–0.18 in) long, 0.6–1.2 mm (0.024–0.047 in) wide and 0.2–0.6 mm (0.0079–0.0236 in) thick. There are stipules up to 0.8 mm (0.031 in) long at the base of the leaves. The flowers are borne on a peduncle 0.5–0.8 mm (0.020–0.031 in) long with bracteoles 3–4.5 mm (0.12–0.18 in) long and fused at the base. The floral tube is 3.5–4.5 mm (0.14–0.18 in) long and has 10 ribs. The sepals are hairy, 3.0–4.5 mm (0.12–0.18 in) long and hairy with an awn 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) long. The petals are deep to medium purple with a yellow base, sparsely hairy, 3.5–5 mm (0.14–0.20 in) long and there are about 30 to 40 stamens in two rows. Flowering has been recorded in September and October and the fruit is 0.50–0.75 mm (0.020–0.030 in) in diameter.

## Taxonomy

Calytrix patrickiae was first formally described in 2013 by Barbara Lynette Rye in the journal Nuytsia from specimens collected in Dragon Rocks Nature Reserve in 1991. The specific epithet (patrickiae) honours Sue Patrick, who conducted valuable surveys of Western Australian species with conservation priority and was a prolific illustrator of native plants.

## Distribution and habitat

This species of Calytrix grows on sand and sandy gravel in heathlands in the region north of Newdegate, in the Mallee bioregion of south-western Western Australia.

## Conservation status

Calytrix patrickiae is listed as "Priority Two" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, meaning that it is poorly known and from one or a few locations.
# Dave Charlton

David William Charlton (27 October 1936 – 24 February 2013) was a racing driver from South Africa.
Charlton was born in Brotton, Yorkshire. He participated in 13 World Championship Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on 1 January 1965. He scored no championship points. He competed in many non-World Championship Formula One races, winning the South African Formula One Championship six times in succession from 1970 to 1975.
Charlton died in Johannesburg, South Africa on 24 February 2013, aged 76.

## Complete Formula One World Championship results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position)
| Year | Entrant | Chassis | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | WDC | Points |
| 1965 | Ecurie Tomahawk | Lotus 20 | Ford Straight-4 | RSA DNPQ | MON | BEL | FRA | GBR | NED | GER | ITA | USA | MEX | | | | | | NC | 0 |
| 1967 | Scuderia Scribante | Brabham BT11 | Coventry Climax | RSA NC | MON | NED | BEL | FRA | GBR | GER | CAN | ITA | USA | MEX | | | | | NC | 0 |
| 1968 | Scuderia Scribante | Brabham BT11 | Repco | RSA Ret | ESP | MON | BEL | NED | FRA | GBR | GER | ITA | CAN | USA | MEX | | | | NC | 0 |
| 1970 | Scuderia Scribante | Lotus 49C | Ford Cosworth DFV | RSA 12 | ESP | MON | BEL | NED | FRA | GBR | GER | AUT | ITA | CAN | USA | MEX | | | NC | 0 |
| 1971 | Scribante Lucky Strike Racing | Brabham BT33 | Ford Cosworth DFV | RSA Ret | ESP | MON | | | | | | | | | | | | | NC | 0 |
| 1971 | Gold Leaf Team Lotus | Lotus 72D | Ford Cosworth DFV | | | | NED DNS | FRA | GBR Ret | GER | AUT | ITA | CAN | USA | | | | | NC | 0 |
| 1972 | Scribante Lucky Strike Racing | Lotus 72D | Ford Cosworth DFV | ARG | RSA Ret | ESP | MON | BEL | FRA DNQ | GBR Ret | GER Ret | AUT | ITA | CAN | USA | | | | NC | 0 |
| 1973 | Scribante Lucky Strike Racing | Lotus 72D | Ford Cosworth DFV | ARG | BRA | RSA Ret | ESP | BEL | MON | SWE | FRA | GBR | NED | GER | AUT | ITA | CAN | USA | NC | 0 |
| 1974 | Scribante Lucky Strike Racing | McLaren M23 | Ford Cosworth DFV | ARG | BRA | RSA 19 | ESP | BEL | MON | SWE | NED | FRA | GBR | GER | AUT | ITA | CAN | USA | NC | 0 |
| 1975 | Lucky Strike Racing | McLaren M23 | Ford Cosworth DFV | ARG | BRA | RSA 14 | ESP | MON | BEL | SWE | NED | FRA | GBR | GER | AUT | ITA | USA | | NC | 0 |
# Bni Frassen

Bni Frassen is a commune in the Taza Province of the Taza-Al Hoceima-Taounate administrative region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 28014 people living in 4386 households.
# Imi N'Oulaoune

Imi N'Oulaoune is a commune in the Ouarzazate Province of the Souss-Massa-Drâa administrative region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 19968 people living in 2654 households.
# Flannel moth

The flannel moths or crinkled flannel moths (scientific name Megalopygidae) are a family of insects.

## Distribution and habitat

Most of Eastern North America is home to the most prevalent species in Florida. There is only one species of Megalopyge in the eastern United States, although there are several throughout the Neotropics. Only five species of the family are known to exist in Florida: three species of Lagoa and one species each of Megalopyge and Norape. While 236 species of Megalopyge are found from Mexico to Argentina, only 11 species have been identified in North America north of Mexico. Only the New World is home to the Megalopygae.

## Life cycle and behavior

Adult flannel moths are stout-bodied, and very hairy. Females have thin antennae while males' are feather-like. Larvae are called puss caterpillars and, with their long hairs, resemble cotton balls. They are eaten by green lacewing insects and the Anolis lizards. They have venomous spines that can cause a painful sting and inflammation lasting for several days. In some cases, the sting may cause headache, nausea, and shock-like symptoms. Perhaps the most notorious for stinging is the caterpillar of Megalopyge opercularis. Caterpillars have seven pairs of prolegs, while other Lepidopterae have five or fewer pairs. They feed on a wide variety of deciduous trees and shrubs.

## Genera

* Aithorape
* Cephalocladia
* Coamorpha
* Edebessa
* Endobrachys
* Eochroma
* Hysterocladia
* Macara
* Malmella
* Megalopyge
* Mesoscia
* Microcladia
* Microrape
* Norape
* Norapella
* Podalia
* Proterocladia
* Psychagrapha
* Repnoa
* Thoscora
* Trosia
* Vescoa
* Zyzypyge
# Moszczenica, Pomeranian Voivodeship

Moszczenica is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chojnice, within Chojnice County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south-west of Chojnice and 110 km (68 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Koba the Dread

Koba the Dread: Laughter and the Twenty Million is a 2002 non-fiction book by British writer Martin Amis.

## Summary

The book is a study of the depredations of the regime of Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union from the 1920s to the 1950s. The title alludes to Stalin's nickname "Koba", and the estimated 20 million deaths in the Soviet Union during Stalin's rule owing to starvation, torture, gulags, and the purges and confessions of Stalin's Great Terror. The estimate of deaths under Stalin comes from Robert Conquest's work, a key source and personal friend of Amis.

## Reception

The book received a mixed reception. The Guardian gave it an average rating of 2.7 out of 10 based on reviews from multiple British newspapers. Globally, Complete Review saying on the consensus "No consensus, but the majority of opinion is decidedly negative -- and very many use the words "self-indulgent".
In The New York Times, critic Michiko Kakutani described the book as "the narcissistic musings of a spoiled, upper-middle class litterateur who has never known the kind of real suffering Stalin's victims did". Publishers Weekly found that Amis "relates passionately a story that needs to be told, the history of a regime that murdered its own people in order to build a better future for them." Author Anne Applebaum, writing in Slate, argued that "Koba the Dread is not, in fact, a competent account of Stalin's reign but rather a muddled misrendering of both Soviet and Western intellectual history."
The Leningrad-born American writer Gary Shteyngart called Koba "harrowing and strangely funny" in The Washington Post, explaining: "'Koba the Dread' is not easy to forget. Along with the laughter it offers the reader unfamiliar with Stalin's legacy a number that is the first step in understanding Russia's modern tragedy. That number, once again, is twenty million." In The New York Times Book Review, writer and critic Paul Berman called the work "one of the oddest books about Stalin ever written, indignant, angry, personal and strangely touching ... [Amis's] book carries a punch, artfully delivered—a punch that comes from looking at death and finding in it nothing but pain, cruelty, sadness, pointlessness and loss, a punch that comes from gazing at the indescribably horrific prison camps of the Soviet Union, or that comes from watching one's father and sister die." The book received scathing reviews in the United Kingdom. Historian Orlando Figes criticised Amis for, amongst other things, comparing the crying of his six-month daughter with the cries from Butyrka prison in Moscow during the Great Terror.

## Controversy

The book occasioned a public schism between Amis and fellow writer and close friend Christopher Hitchens, especially in the pages of The Atlantic, where Hitchens described Koba the Dread as "Stalinism without irony". The break was later mended.
# Hellfyre Club

Hellfyre Club is an American independent record label based in Los Angeles, California. It was founded and is currently owned by rapper Nocando.
According to Pitchfork Media, it is "an assemblage of West Coast art rap luminaries connected to Project Blowed, a long-running hip hop workshop that served as a proving ground for 90s and aughts L.A. aesthetes from Freestyle Fellowship and Abstract Rude to Pigeon John."

## History

Hellfyre Club released Prometheus, a label compilation mixed by DJ Nobody, in March 2011. Another compilation, Veneris Nigrum, followed in November that year. It featured contributions from E.Super, Kail, Subtitle, Rheteric Ramirez, Open Mike Eagle, Pistol McFly, Sahtyre, Nocando, and VerBS. Dorner vs. Tookie, a 17-track compilation, was released on the label in November 2013.
On May 2, 2017, the label released its first project in nearly three years with "The Live I Live" EP by Cadalack Ron.

## Roster

* Nocando
* Kail

### Former

* Falcons
* Intuition
* Pistol McFly
* Subtitle
* E.Super (Alpha MC, Alwayz Prolific, Duke Westlake, and Kuest 1)
* Flash Bang Grenada (Busdriver and Nocando)
* Kail
* Milo
* Rheteric Ramirez
* Taurus Scott
* VerBS
* Open Mike Eagle
* Busdriver
* Anderson .Paak

## Discography

* Prometheus (2011)
* Veneris Nigrum (2011)
* Dorner vs. Tookie (2013)
# Nik-L-Nip

Nik-L-Nip is a brand of confectionery created by Vinny Cavallo in the early 20th century. It comes in a variety of fruit flavors, marketed by Tootsie Roll Industries.
The Nik-L-Nip brand name is a combination of the original cost (a nickel, $0.05) and the candy's resemblance to miniatures of alcohol, known in some regions as "nips". The name may also come from a preferred method of opening the wax bottles, which is to nip (bite) the top off. It has a fruity-tasting liquid flavoring inside of it. Once the top of the small, bottle-shaped wax containers has been bitten off, one can drink the fruit-flavored syrup inside. Afterward the wax can be chewed like gum. The wax in Nik-L-Nip wax bottles is food-grade and non-toxic, although it is meant to be chewed but not swallowed.
# Animal testing (disambiguation)

Animal testing is the use of non-human animals in experiments that seek to control the variables that affect the behavior or biological system under study.
Animal testing may also refer to:
* Alternatives to animal testing
* Animal testing on invertebrates
* Animal testing on non-human primates
* Animal testing on rodents
* Animal testing regulations
* History of animal testing
* Testing cosmetics on animals
# SMS Prinz Eugen

Three ships of the Austrian and later Austro-Hungarian Navy have been named SMS Prinz Eugen in honor of Prince Eugene of Savoy
* SMS Prinz Eugen (1854), a paddle steamer built in the 1850s
* SMS Prinz Eugen (1862), a broadside ironclad that fought at the Battle of Lissa
* SMS Prinz Eugen (1877), a casemate ship built in the 1870s to replace the original vessel
* SMS Prinz Eugen (1912), a dreadnought battleship built in the 1910s