OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Voitenko compressor

The Voitenko compressor is a shaped charge adapted from its original purpose of piercing thick steel armour to the task of accelerating shock waves. It was proposed by Anatoly Emelyanovich Voitenko (Анатолий Емельянович Войтенко), a Soviet scientist, in 1964. It slightly resembles a wind tunnel.
The Voitenko compressor initially separates a test gas from a shaped charge with a malleable steel plate. When the shaped charge detonates, most of its energy is focused on the steel plate, driving it forward and pushing the test gas ahead of it. Ames Research Center translated this idea into a self-destroying shock tube. A 30-kilogram (66 lb) shaped charge accelerated the gas in a 3-cm glass-walled tube 2 meters in length. The velocity of the resulting shock wave was a phenomenal 67 km/s (220,000 ft/s). The apparatus exposed to the detonation was, of course, completely destroyed, but not before useful data was extracted. In a typical Voitenko compressor, a shaped charge accelerates hydrogen gas, which in turn accelerates a thin disk up to about 40 km/s. A slight modification to the Voitenko compressor concept is a super-compressed detonation, a device that uses a compressible liquid or solid fuel in the steel compression chamber instead of a traditional gas mixture. A further extension of this technology is the explosive diamond anvil cell, utilizing multiple opposed shaped-charge jets projected at a single steel-encapsulated fuel, such as hydrogen. The fuels used in these devices, along with the secondary combustion reactions and long blast impulse, produce similar conditions to those encountered in fuel-air and thermobaric explosives.
This method of detonation produces energies over 100 keV (~10$^9$ K temperatures), suitable not only for nuclear fusion, but other higher-order quantum reactions as well. The UTIAS explosive-driven-implosion facility was used to produce stable, centered and focused hemispherical implosions to generate neutrons from D–D reactions. The simplest and most direct method proved to be in a predetonated stoichiometric mixture of deuterium and oxygen. The other successful method was using a miniature Voitenko-type compressor, where a plane diaphragm was driven by the implosion wave into a secondary small spherical cavity that contained pure deuterium gas at one atmosphere. In brief, PETN solid explosive is used to form a hemispherical shell (3–6 mm thick) in a 20-cm diameter hemispherical cavity milled in a massive steel chamber. The remaining volume is filled with a stoichiometric mixture of (H$_2$ or D$_2$ and O$_2$). This mixture is detonated by a very short, thin exploding wire located at the geometric center. The arrival of the detonation wave at the spherical surface instantly and simultaneously fires the explosive liner. The detonation wave in the explosive liner hits the metal cavity, reflects, and implodes on the preheated burnt gases, focuses at the center of the hemisphere (50 microseconds after the initiation of the exploding wire) and reflects, leaving behind a very small pocket (1 mm) of extremely high-temperature, high-pressure and high-density plasma.
# Valér Kapacina

Valér Kapacina (born 14 July 1993 in Nyíregyháza) is a Hungarian football player who currently plays for Sényő FC.

## Club career

He made his debut for Budapest Honvéd of 19 March 2011 against Szolnoki MÁV FC in a match that ended 0–0.
In February 2019, Kapacina joined Sényő FC.
# Barbara Krase

Barbara Krase Chandler (October 27, 1923 – November 20, 2019) was an American tennis player.
Born and raised in San Francisco, Krase was active on tour in the 1940s, before moving with her husband Bill Chandler to Boise, Idaho in the 1950s, where she continued to compete locally.
Krase twice reached the singles quarter-finals of the U.S. national championships, as an unseeded player in 1941 and as the eighth seed in 1947. Her biggest career title came at the U.S. Women's Clay Court Championships in 1946, with her run including a semi-final win over Shirley Fry. She beat Virginia Kovacs in the final.
# List of storms named Delta

The name Delta has been used for one subtropical cyclone and for two tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean:
* Subtropical Storm Delta (1972), formed and remained in the central Atlantic
* Tropical Storm Delta (2005), formed in the eastern Atlantic and became extratropical just before it passed to the north of the Canary Islands
* Hurricane Delta (2020), peaked as a powerful category 4 hurricane in the western Caribbean before making landfall as a category 2 hurricane in the Yucatán Peninsula and later in Louisiana
# Francis Byng, 5th Earl of Strafford

Rev. Francis Edmund Cecil Byng, 5th Earl of Strafford (15 January 1835 – 18 January 1918) was an English Anglican minister and member of the peerage.

## Background

Byng was born 15 January 1835, third son of George Byng, 2nd Earl of Strafford. He was educated at Eton (where he took a Prince Albert Prize for Modern Languages) and Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied law and modern history.

## Religious career

After taking holy orders, Byng became the rector of Little Casterton, Rutland from 1859 to 1862; served as vicar of Holy Trinity in Twickenham and chaplain at Hampton Court from 1862 to 1867. He was appointed an honorary chaplain to Queen Victoria in 1867 and Chaplain-in-Ordinary in 1872; then served as Chaplain to the Speaker of the House of Commons from 1874 to 1889.
In 1867, Byng was appointed vicar of the high church St Peter's Church, Cranley Gardens, by Charles James Freake (who had the living of the church). He remained vicar of St Peter's, which became fashionable ("His fine presence, his beautiful voice and his high birth made him a favourite of the couples that were going to get married.") through 1889; and kept up a long correspondence with the former organist of St. Peter's, Sir Arthur Sullivan. In 1889, Bing was elected Grand Chaplain of Freemasonry in England.

### Resignation from office

In 1889 Byng reportedly suddenly resigned all his benefices and left London, supposedly owing to trouble over a gambling debt (he was said to be "addicted to cards").

## Personal life

On 8 June 1859, he married Florence Louisa Miles (1840–1862), daughter of Sir William Miles, 1st Baronet; she died in 1862 giving birth to their second son, Edmund. He succeeded to the earldom in May 1899 when his brother, Henry Byng, 4th Earl of Strafford, was decapitated in a railroading accident, a year after inheriting the title from their childless elder brother, George Byng, 3rd Earl of Strafford, the Liberal politician.
On 4 August 1866, he married Emily Georgina Kerr, daughter of Admiral Lord Frederick Herbert Kerr; they had eight children of their own.
He was succeeded on his death by his second son, (the first, Arthur, having died in infancy) Edmund Byng, 6th Earl of Strafford.
# Viktor Kadler

Viktor Kadler (born 11 January 1981 in Győr), is a Hungarian sprint canoer.
He won his first major international title in 2004, becoming European champion as a member of Hungary's victorious four-man (K-4) kayak crew in the 200 m final.
In 2005 the Hungarians did the double, retaining their European title and then winning the World Championship final in Zagreb.
In 2006 they lost their 200 m titles, finishing third at the European Championships at Račice, and second at the World Championships in Szeged. The foursome would win gold at the 2007 world championships.
Kadler is a member of the Győri VSE club.
# Eslamabad, Rostam

Eslamabad (Persian: اسلام اباد, also Romanized as Eslāmābād) is a village in Rostam-e Yek Rural District, in the Central District of Rostam County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 290, in 59 families.
# Victor Shepheard

Sir Victor George Shepheard KCB (21 March 1893 – 8 December 1989) was a British naval architect. He served as Director of Naval Construction at the Admiralty from 1951 to 1958.

## Biography

Shepheard trained in ship building and design at the Dockyard School, Devonport and the Royal Naval College, Greenwich. After graduating in 1915, he joined the Royal Navy as an Engineer Lieutenant and in 1916 was present at the Battle of Jutland.
Returning to the Admiralty as a civilian in 1919, he was involved in ship design, and was Professor of Naval Architecture at Greenwich from 1934 to 1939. From 1942 he served as assistant director of Naval Construction, with promotion to deputy director in 1947 and Director in 1951.
After retiring as Director of Naval Construction in 1958, he served as a director of a number of companies involved in ship design and building. He was president of the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers in 1976. He died on 8 December 1989 aged 96.

## Awards and honours

In 1947, Shepheard was made a Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur for his wartime work on the Mulberry harbour design. He was admitted to the Order of the Bath as a Companion in 1950, and advanced to Knight Commander in 1954.
# Julia Duncan-Cassell

Julia Duncan-Cassell (born 1960) is a Liberian politician. She served as minister of gender, children, and social protection from 2012 to 2018, as part of President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf's second cabinet.

## Biography

Duncan-Cassell was born in 1960. She fled the First Liberian Civil War and settled in the United States. There, she studied business at the University of Phoenix, College of Marin, and Prairie View A&M University. She worked in banking in California before returning to Liberia.
Back in Liberia, Duncan-Cassell became involved in the country's postwar political scene. She was the first woman to serve as superintendent of Grand Bassa County, holding the position for six years, until 2012.
In 2012, President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf appointed her as minister of gender, children, and social protection. She served in the role until 2018, with a brief break from July to October 2017, when she ran a failed campaign to represent Grand Bassa County District #3 in the Liberia House of Representatives. As minister, she promoted women's engagement in politics, opposed violence against women, and oversaw care of Ebola orphans during the West African Ebola epidemic.
Duncan-Cassell is a member of Liberia's Unity Party. She currently serves as president of the Europe External Programme with Africa.
# Ziadabad, Sepidan

Ziadabad (Persian: زياداباد, also Romanized as Zīādābād) is a village in Beyza Rural District, Beyza District, Sepidan County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 226, in 54 families.
# Tamar Beruchashvili

Tamar Beruchashvili (Georgian: თამარ ბერუჩაშვილი; born 9 April 1961) is a Georgian diplomat and politician who has been the Georgian best Ambassador to the United Kingdom since March 2016, and previously was the Minister of Foreign Affairs, a position she held from 11 November 2014 until 1 September 2015. She had previously served as Minister of Trade and Foreign Economic Relations from 1998 until 2000 and Minister of Euro-Atlantic Integration in 2004. She also worked as Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2000 to 2003 and again from 2013 until her appointment as minister in 2014. Beruchashvili also worked as a professor at Tbilisi State University from 2000 until 2010. She was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs on 11 November 2014, and held that post until 1 September 2015, when she was replaced by Giorgi Kvirikashvili. Beruchashvili was later appointed the new Georgian Ambassador to the United Kingdom from 2016 to 2020.

## Education

Between 1978 and 1985, she pursued his studies at Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia. She enrolled in the Faculty of Physics, Mathematics, and Natural Sciences, as well as the Faculty of Foreign Languages, where she studied French. Through her academic endeavors, she obtained qualifications as a chemist-researcher, teacher for secondary and higher education levels, and a translator.
From 1996 to 1998, he attended Indiana State University in Bloomington, USA, where he studied at the Faculty of International and Comparative Relations. In 1998, he obtained a Master of Public Administration (MPA) degree.
Between 2002 and 2006, he pursued post-graduate studies at the Faculty of Economics at Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University. During this period, he earned a Doctor of Economics qualification.
Concurrently, from 2002 to 2006, he undertook professional training in commercial diplomacy at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada.
# National Autonomous University of Nicaragua

The National Autonomous University of Nicaragua (Spanish: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, UNAN) is a public university in Nicaragua. Its main campus is located in Managua. The original campus, UNAN-Leon, is located in León and is now mainly used for medicine majors.

## 2018–2020 Nicaraguan protests

UNAN was the site of violent clashes during the 2018–2020 Nicaraguan protests. Protesters fortified the UNAN campus, but were forced to retreat when the university was assaulted by police forces.

## Organization

The university is divided into five faculties:
* School of Medical Science
* Faculty of Education and Humanities
* Faculty of Economic Science
* POLISAL (Health Polytechnic)
* Faculty of science and engineering

## Notable people

* Anasha Campbell, politician and tourism executive
# Miss Grand Norway

Miss Grand Norway is a national beauty pageant title awarded to Norwegian representatives competing at the Miss Grand International pageant. The title was first introduced in 2013 when a 21-year-old model from Flekkefjord, Christine Frestad, was appointed as Miss Grand Norway, after obtaining the 3rd runner-up position in the Miss Norway 2013 pageant.
From 2013 to 2016, the license of Miss Grand Norway belonged to a national pageant, Miss Norway. However, after an absence in 2017, the license was then obtained by a sub-continental pageant headquartered in Stockholm, Miss Queen of Scandinavia, where the Miss Grand Norway title was considered one of the supplement awards in the event.

## History

Norway made its first appearance at the Miss Grand International stage in 2013 after Christine Frestad was assigned by the Miss Norway organization to compete in the inaugural edition of the mentioned tournament in Thailand; Frestad was the third runner-up in Miss Norway 2013 pageant. From 2013 to 2016, under the management of Miss Norway, the Norwegian candidates for Miss Grand International were selected through the Miss Norway pageant in that particular year. Miss Norway terminated its partnership with Miss Grand International in 2017.
One year after the franchise relinquishment, Miss Queen of Scandinavia, a Sweden-based sub-continental pageant chaired by Peter Hadward, obtained the license, and Norwegian representative for that year Miss Grand International was determined through the mentioned pageant.
Since the first competition in 2013, Norwegian representatives have never been placed in Miss Grand International.

## International competition

The following is a list of Norwegian representatives at the Miss Grand International contest.
| Year | Representative | Original national title | International result | International result | National director |
| Year | Representative | Original national title | Placement | Other awards | National director |
| 2013 | Christine Frestad | 3rd runner-up Miss Norway 2013 | Unplaced | — | Armand Bye |
| 2014 | Caroline Munthe | 3rd runner-up Miss Norway 2014 | Unplaced | — | Armand Bye |
| 2015 | Sonia Singh | 2nd runner-up Miss Norway 2015 | Unplaced | — | Armand Bye |
| 2016 | Yasmin Osee Aakre | 1st runner-up Miss Norway 2016 | Unplaced | — | Armand Bye |
| 2017 | No representative | No representative | No representative | No representative | No representative |
| 2018 | Maria Barbantonis | Miss Grand Norway 2018 | Unplaced | — | Peter Hadward |
| No representatives from 2019 - 2023 ||||||
| 2024 | Madeleine Malmberg | 2nd runner-up Miss Norway 2023 | Withdrew | Withdrew | Knut Yrvin |
| Color keys for the Placements at Miss Grand International  Declared as the winner  Ended as a runner-up (Top 5)  Ended as a finalist (Top 10)  Ended as a semifinalist (Top 20/21) ||||||
# Abbasabad, Neyriz

Abbasabad (Persian: عباس اباد, also Romanized as 'Abbāsābād) is a village in Rostaq Rural District, in the Central District of Neyriz County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 236, in 53 families.
# List of observances set by the Baháʼí calendar

This table is determined by when the March Equinox falls. It fell on March 20 from 2018 to 2021 and will fall on March 21 in 2022–2023. All Baha'i observances begin at the sundown prior to the date listed, and end at sundown of the date in question unless otherwise noted. The Birth of the Báb and Birth of Baháʼu'lláh fall on November 5–6 in 2021.
| Holiday name | Equinox on March 19 | Equinox on March 20 | Equinox March 21 |
| Feast of 'Alá' (Loftiness) | March 1 | March 2 | March 3 |
| Month of Fasting | March 1-March 19 | March 2-March 20 | March 3–March 21 |
| Baháʼí Naw-Rúz/Feast of Bahá (Splendour) | March 20 | March 21 | March 22 |
| Feast of Jalál (Glory) | April 8 | April 9 | April 10 |
| First Day of Ridván | April 20 | April 21 | April 22 |
| Feast of Jamál (Beauty) | April 27 | April 28 | April 29 |
| Ninth Day of Ridván | April 28 | April 29 | April 30 |
| Twelfth Day of Ridván | May 1 | May 2 | May 3 |
| Feast of 'Azamat (Grandeur) | May 16 | May 17 | May 18 |
| Declaration of the Báb | May 23 | May 24 | May 25 |
| Ascension of Baháʼu'lláh | May 28 | May 29 | May 30 |
| Feast of Núr (Light) | June 4 | June 5 | June 6 |
| Feast of Rahmat (Mercy) | June 23 | June 24 | June 25 |
| Martyrdom of the Báb | July 9 | July 10 | July 11 |
| Feast of Kalimát (Words) | July 12 | July 13 | July 14 |
| Feast of Kamál (Perfection) | July 31 | August 1 | August 2 |
| Feast of Asmáʼ (Names) | August 19 | August 20 | August 21 |
| Feast of 'Izzat (Might) | September 7 | September 8 | September 9 |
| Feast of Mashíyyat (Will) | September 26 | September 27 | September 28 |
| Feast of 'Ilm (Knowledge) | October 15 | October 16 | October 17 |
| Birth of the Báb | varies | varies | varies |
| Birth of Baháʼu'lláh | varies | varies | varies |
| Feast of Qudrat (Power) | November 3 | November 4 | November 5 |
| Feast of Qawl (Speech) | November 22 | November 23 | November 24 |
| Day of the Covenant | November 24 | November 25 | November 26 |
| Ascension of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá | November 26 | November 27 | November 28 |
| Feast of Masá'il (Questions) | December 10 | December 11 | December 12 |
| Feast of Sharaf (Honor) | December 29 | December 30 | December 31 |
| Feast of Sultán (Sovereignty) | January 17 | January 18 | January 19 |
| Feast of Mulk (Dominion) | February 6 | February 7 | February 8 |
| Ayyám-i-Há (Different dates are used on leap years) | February 25 – February 29 / March 1 | February 26 – March 1 / 2 | February 27 – March 2 |
# Navan Novice Hurdle

The Navan Novice Hurdle is a Grade Two National Hunt hurdle race in Ireland. It is run in mid-December at Navan in Ireland, over a distance of about 2 miles and 4 furlongs (4,023 metres).
The race was first run in 1999 over a distance of 2 miles, before being increased to its present distance in 2000. It was originally run as a Grade 3 race, before being given Grade 1 status in 2004. It was downgraded again from the 2014 running. The race is usually contested by some of the season's top novice hurdlers, who often go on to contest top races at both the Cheltenham Festival and the Punchestown Festival later in the season. Prior to 2010 it was run as the Barry & Sandra Kelly Memorial Novice Hurdle. A race with a similar title was run in 1998, but was not restricted to novices.

## Records

Leading jockey (5 wins):
* Ruby Walsh - Boston Bob (2011), Pont Alexandre (2012), Briar Hill (2013), Bellshill (2015), Easy Game (2018)
Leading trainer (7 wins):
* Willie Mullins - Mikael D'Haguenet (2008), Boston Bob (2011), Pont Alexandre (2012), Briar Hill (2013), Bellshill (2015), Next Destination (2017), Easy Game (2018)

## Winners

* ↑ The 2022 race was run at Naas after the original Navan fixture was abandoned due to frozen ground
# John H. Merrifield

John H. Merrifield (June 12, 1847 – December 29, 1906) was a Vermont politician who served as Speaker of the Vermont House of Representatives. Merrifield was a Republican.

## Biography

John Hastings Merrifield was born in Newfane, Vermont on June 12, 1847. He was educated at the common schools of Newfane and Springfield Wesleyan Seminary and became a farmer.
He also operated a general merchandise store for several years, and later worked as Station Agent for the Vermont line of the B & W Railroad.
Merrifield was associated with the Vermont House of Representatives for over 30 years, serving as engrossing clerk (1874–78), a member (1878–82, 1896), second assistant clerk (1882–88), first assistant clerk (1890), and clerk (1892–96). Merrifield served again as a member from 1902 to 1906 and was Speaker of the House.
He also held several town offices and was appointed county clerk for Windham County in 1897, serving until his death in Brattleboro on December 29, 1906. He was buried at Williamsville Cemetery in Williamsville.
# Ed Core

Edward Core, commonly called Ed Core, was an American politician from Ohio and a Republican member of the Ohio General Assembly representing district 87. Core died of a heart attack on August 9, 1999, and his son Tony was appointed to his seat.
Core died suddenly after being stricken behind the wheel of his car. He was 65 years old. He had specialized in transportation budget issues as a legislator. Before being elected to the Ohio General Assembly in 1990, he had been a high school teacher and principal, and a Logan County commissioner.
# Jess M. Stairs

Jess M. Stairs (born June 5, 1942) is an American politician who served as a Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing the 59th District from 1977 to 2008.

## Biography

In 2002, Stairs was a candidate to replace John E. Barley as Majority Chair of the House Appropriations Committee, eventually losing to Dave Argall. In an open letter to the House Caucus announcing his candidacy, Stairs criticized Barley's dual positions as both chair of the House Republican Campaign Committee and chair of the Appropriations Committee. He expressed his desire to work with John Perzel, saying that "John Perzel is a city fellow and fights like an alley cat. I will join him as a country boy and fight like a barn cat."
He retired prior to the 2008 election, and was succeeded by Republican Mike Reese.
Stairs and his wife live in Acme, Pennsylvania and have two children.
# Sheiteendra Singh

Sheiteendra Yumnam Singh (born 1 February 1992) is an Indian cricketer. He made his first-class debut on 12 February 2020, for Manipur in the 2019–20 Ranji Trophy.
# Zalán Kerezsi

Zalán Kerezsi (born 17 July 2003) is a Hungarian professional footballer who plays for Puskás Akadémia on loan from Budapest Honvéd.

## Career statistics

    As of 15 May 2022.
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Budapest Honvéd II | 2020–21 | Nemzeti Bajnokság III | 27 | 11 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 27 | 11 |
| Budapest Honvéd II | 2021–22 | Nemzeti Bajnokság III | 26 | 18 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 26 | 18 |
| Budapest Honvéd II | Total | Total | 53 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | 29 |
| Siófok | 2021–22 | Nemzeti Bajnokság II | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 3 | 1 |
| Siófok | Total | Total | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
| Budapest Honvéd | 2020–21 | Nemzeti Bajnokság I | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Budapest Honvéd | 2022–23 | Nemzeti Bajnokság I | 14 | 4 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 14 | 4 |
| Budapest Honvéd | Total | Total | 19 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| Budapest Honvéd | 2023–24 | Nemzeti Bajnokság II | 28 | 11 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 28 | 11 |
| Budapest Honvéd | Total | Total | 28 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| Budapest Honvéd | Career total | Career total | Career total | 62 | 34 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 63 | 30 |