OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# João Manuel Mena Barreto

João Manuel Mena Barreto was a Brazilian Brigadier throughout the Uruguayan War and Paraguayan War. He was known for his service at the Battle of São Borja, rescuing the civilian populace from the Paraguayan forces before getting killed at the Battle of Piribebuy.

## Biography

He was the legitimate son of João de Deus Mena Barreto, Viscount of São Gabriel [pt] and Maria Joaquina de Almeida. He married Maria Balbina Palmeiro da Fontoura, on August 27, 1849.
He participated in the Uruguayan War, being promoted to colonel, by merit, on February 18, 1865 after the Siege of Paysandú.
He was then to Paraguay in the first half of 1865 as the commander of the 1st Battalion of Volunteers for the Homeland, as he was informed of the invasion of Rio Grande do Sul near São Borja. The Paraguayans' decision to only take São Borja after crossing the river with only five thousand men and was caused by the impression that the soldiers were a vanguard of the Imperial Brazilian Army. Colonel João Manuel took advantage of this to effect, at night, the strategic withdrawal of all the families from São Borja and was praised for this.
He later took part in the Siege of Uruguaiana, shortly after taking command of a brigade stationed at São Gabriel.
He was later called to court, where he commanded the 1st Guard Regiment. He did not stay long as he wished to return to combat and was promoted to Brigadier in 1867. In November and December of the same year he excelled in combat, later fighting in battles of Avay and Lomas Valentinas.
He was then transferred to command of the 1st Cavalry Division, but was wounded by a bullet in the Battle of Piribebuy, dying on August 12, 1869. His death infuriated the Brazilian commander Count of Eu, who ordered the beheading of Colonel Pablo Caballero and the political chief of the village, Patrício Marecos.

## Awards

* Medal of the Oriental State Campaign (1851 - 1852)
* Order of Christ, knight (1858)
* Order of São Bento de Aviz, knight (1860)
* Order of the Cruzeiro [pt], knight (1860)
* Order of the Cruzeiro, officer ( 1865 )
* Order of the Rose ( 1869 )

### Foreign Awards

* Portugal: Medalha de Mérito Militar
# Rhyme & Reason (film)

Rhyme & Reason is a 1997 documentary film about rap and hip hop. Documentary filmmaker Peter Spirer interviewed over 80 significant artists in rap and hip hop music. The film explores the history of hip hop culture, how rap evolved to become a major cultural voice (and a multi-billion dollar industry), and what the artists have to say about the music's often controversial images and reputation. Interview subjects range from veteran old-school rappers, such as Kurtis Blow, KRS-One and Chuck D, to rap icons Ice-T, Dr. Dre, and MC Eiht, to several current rap hitmakers, including Wu-Tang Clan, Tupac Shakur, and The Notorious B.I.G., less than four days before he was murdered.
The film was released to 280 theaters, earning $1,608,277 during its theatrical run.
On November 25, 2021, Rolling Stone published an article titled '70 Greatest Music Documentaries of All Time'; Rhyme & Reason was ranked 35th.

## Subject matter

The following artists were interviewed in the documentary:
* B-Real
* Biz Markie
* Busta Rhymes
* Chuck D
* Chuco
* Craig Mack
* Cypress Hill
* Da Brat
* Delinquent Habits
* DJ Muggs
* DJ Scratch
* Dr. Dre
* E-40
* Erick Sermon
* Fatlip
* Grandmaster Caz
* Guru
* Heavy D
* Keith Murray
* Kris Kross
* KRS-One
* Kurtis Blow
* Ice-T
* Jermaine Dupri
* Lauryn Hill
* Lords of the Underground
* Lost Boyz
* Lil' Cease
* L.V.
* Master P
* Mr. Animation
* Method Man
* Nas
* The Pharcyde
* Phife Dawg
* PMD
* Pras
* Tupac Shakur
* The Notorious B.I.G.
* Mack 10
* Q-Tip
* Raekwon
* Ras Kass
* Redman
* RZA
* Salt-n-Pepa
* Sean "Puffy" Combs
* Spice-1
* Spearhead
* Speech
* Tha Alkaholiks
* Too Short
* Tray Deee
* Treach
* Whodini
* Wu-Tang Clan
* Wyclef Jean
* Xzibit
* Young MC
* Yukmouth

## Soundtrack

| Year | Album | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Certifications |
| Year | Album | U.S. | U.S. R&B | Certifications |
| 1997 | Rhyme & Reason Released: January 14, 1997 Label: Priority | 16 | 1 | US: Gold |
# Isaac Leet

Isaac Leet (1801 – June 10, 1844) was an American politician from Pennsylvania who served as a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives for Pennsylvania's 21st congressional district from 1839 to 1841.

## Biography

Isaac Leet was born near Washington, Pennsylvania. He graduated from Washington College (now Washington & Jefferson College) in Washington, Pennsylvania, in 1822. He studied law under Thomas McKean Thompson McKennan was admitted to the bar in 1826 and commenced practice in Washington, Pennsylvania. He served as treasurer of Washington County, Pennsylvania, from 1826 to 1830. He was deputy attorney general of Washington County from 1830 to 1834, and was a member of the Pennsylvania State Senate for the 20th district from 1833 to 1836 and the 17th district from 1837 to 1838.
Leet was elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-sixth Congress. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1840 to the Twenty-seventh Congress. He died in Washington in 1844.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Crumrine, Boyd (1902). The courts of justice, bench & bar of Washington County, Pennsylvania. Chicago: R.R. Donnelly & Sons. p. 280. Retrieved November 5, 2019. isaac leet pennsylvania senator.
* ↑ "Pennsylvania State Senate - Isaac Leet Biography". www.legis.state.pa.us. Retrieved November 4, 2019.

## Sources

* United States Congress. "Isaac Leet (id: L000211)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
* The Political Graveyard
Pennsylvania State Senate :
| Preceded byJonathan Knight | Member of the Pennsylvania Senate from the 20th district 1833–1836 | Succeeded byJohn James Pearson |
| Preceded byGeorge McCulloch | Member of the Pennsylvania Senate from the 17th district 1837–1838 | Succeeded byJohn Hoge Ewing |
| U.S. House of Representatives |||
| Preceded byThomas M. T. McKennan | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania's 21st congressional district 1839–1841 | Succeeded byJoseph Lawrence |
* This article about a member of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Vanini, Rio Grande do Sul

Vanini is a amunicipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. As of 2020, the estimated population was 2,122.
# Temiar people

The Temiar are a Senoic group indigenous to the Malay Peninsula and one of the largest of the eighteen Orang Asli groups of Malaysia. They reside mainly in Perak, Pahang and Kelantan. Their total population is estimated at around 40,000 to 120,000, most of which live on the fringes of the rainforest, while a small number have been urbanised.
Temiar are traditionally animists. The ceremonial Sewang dance is performed by the Temiar people as part of their folk beliefs.

## Population

The changes in the population of the Temiar people are as the following:
| Year | 1930s | 1960 | 1965 | 1969 | 1974 | 1980 | 1991 | 1993 | 1996 | 2000 | 2003 | 2004 | 2010 |
| Population | 2,000 | 8,945 | 9,325 | 9,929 | 10,586 | 12,365 | 16,892 | 15,122 | 15,122 | 17,706 | 25,725 | 25,590 | 30,118 |

## Culture
### Traditional food

* Nasi serempad, rice cooked in bamboo
* Umbut Bayas Masak Gulai, pith curry
* Pucuk Paku Peno’ol, vegetable pucuk paku fern, tapioca leaves and anchovies cooked in bamboo

## Settlement area

Major settlements of the Temiar are:
* Jeram Bertam, Kelantan
* Kampung Chengkelik, Kuala Betis, Kelantan
* Kampung Merlung, Kuala Betis, Kelantan
* Kampung Jarau Baru, Kemar, Gerik, Perak
* Kampung Sungai Cadak, Ulu Kinta, Ipoh, Perak
* Kampung Tonggang, Tanjung Rambutan, Ipoh, Perak
* Kampung Ulu Gerik, Gerik, Perak
* Pos Poi, Lasah, Sungai Siput (North), Perak
* Kampung Temakah, Sungai Siput (North), Perak
* Pos Perwor, Lasah, Sungai Siput (North), Perak
* Air Banun, Hulu Perak District, Perak
* Kemar, Gerik, Perak

## Notable people

* Zumika Azmi, Malaysian Cricketer
* Ramli Mohd Nor, Malaysian Politician
* Sasha Azmi, Malaysian Cricketer
# Jalan Kastam Komuter station

The Jalan Kastam Komuter station is a commuter train halt located in Port Klang, Selangor and served by the Port Klang Line of the KTM Komuter railway system. It was named as Pelabuhan Klang Pusat at the beginning.
The Jalan Kastam Komuter station was built to cater traffic in suburban area with the similar name called Jalan Kastam, located north-east from South point of Port Klang.
The KTM scrapyard and depot located beside the station is currently used to house old, broken down locomotives that will be sent for scrapping.
Now, the station will also interchange with future MRL East Coast Rail Link Phase 2 and would be the terminal station for passenger service.
3°0′46″N 101°24′9″E﻿ / ﻿3.01278°N 101.40250°E﻿ / 3.01278; 101.40250
# James McGolrick

James McGolrick (May 1, 1841 – January 23, 1918) was an Irish-born American prelate of the Catholic Church. He was the first bishop of the Diocese of Duluth in Minnesota, serving from 1889 until his death.

## Biography
### Early life

James McGolrick was born on May 1, 1841, in Borrisokane, County Tipperary, to Felix and Bridget (née Henry) McGolrick. Two brothers, William and Henry, also became priests, while two sisters, Bridget and Elizabeth, joined the Sisters of St. Joseph. He began his studies for the priesthood at the seminary of the Diocese of Achonry in Ballaghaderreen.
In 1860, the American bishop Thomas Grace wrote to All Hallows College, Dublin, to recruit seminarians for the Diocese of Saint Paul in Minnesota. McGolrick entered All Hallows in September 1860. His education paid by Bishop Grace. McGolrick was ordained a priest in Ireland on June 11, 1867, by Bishop David Moriarty.

### Priesthood

McGolrick arrived in Saint Paul in August 1867, and his first assignment was as an assistant pastor to Father John Ireland (later Archbishop of Saint Paul) at the Cathedral of Saint Paul. In October 1868, McGolrick was charged by Bishop Grace to organize a new parish in Minneapolis for Catholics west of the Mississippi River. He opened the Immaculate Conception Parish that year and served as pastor there until 1889. The original wood-frame building was later replaced by a stone church, with the cornerstone laid in July 1871 followed by a solemn dedication in January 1873.
During his pastorate at Immaculate Conception, McGolrick founded several societies, including a chapter of the Total Abstinence Society that was credited with reforming many people in Minneapolis. He also established the Minneapolis Catholic Orphan Asylum in 1878 and was a trustee of the Minnesota Academy of Science.

### Bishop of Duluth

On November 29, 1889, McGolrick was appointed the first bishop of the newly erected Diocese of Duluth by Pope Leo XIII. He received his episcopal consecration on December 27, 1869, from Archbishop Ireland, with Bishops Grace and Martin Marty serving as co-consecrators, at the Cathedral of Saint Paul.
At the time of McGolrick's arrival in Duluth in January 1890, the young diocese contained 22 priests, 32 churches, 10 stations, 5 parochial schools, and a Catholic population of a little over 20,000. By the time of his death in 1918, there were 59 priests, 42 churches with resident pastors, 46 missions with churches, 35 stations, 11 parochial schools, and a Catholic population of almost 60,000. After a fire destroyed the cathedral in 1892, McGolrick laid the cornerstone for the new Sacred Heart Cathedral in 1894 and dedicated it two years later. He also founded St. Mary's Hospital in 1898 and St. James Orphanage in 1910.
McGolrick celebrated his silver jubilee as a bishop in 1914 and his golden jubilee as priest in 1917. In civic affairs, he served on Duluth's library board and park board.

### Death and legacy

He died from what was termed acute indigestion in Duluth on January 23, 1918, aged 76.
# Russian Fascism: Traditions, Tendencies, Movements

Russian Fascism: Traditions, Tendencies, Movements is a 2001 book by Stephen D. Shenfield.

## Synopsis

Russian Fascism is an analysis of fascism, its manifestations in Russian political and cultural history, and fascist tendencies and movements in contemporary Russia. It examines the likelihood that Russia would follow the same path as Weimar Germany.

## Publication

The book was first published in 2000 through M. E. Sharpe as a 324-page hardcover and was given a paperback release by the same company in 2001. In 2015, Routledge issued a second edition of the work in hardback and e-book formats.

## Reception

In Science & Society, Irina Mukhina criticized Shenfield's definition of fascism in Russian Fascism, as she felt that "While Shenfield's definition of fascism, supported by abundant empirical evidence, is useful for the analysis of organizations that appear to be undeniably fascist, this definition and its usage become problematic when the author evaluates Russia's fascist traditions and tendencies. A. James Gregor, in Slavic Review, also voiced concerns over the definition while also noting that it was "among the first of the serious works that undertake a comparative study of "fascism" in the former Soviet Union."
Sven Gunnar Simonsen reviewed the text for the Journal of Peace Research, praising Shenfield for his patience in discussing a wide topic and "for intelligently addressing the important question of whether Stalin, and today's Communist Party under leader Gennady Zuganov, may be described as Fascist." Andreas Umland noted that the book was "pioneering in at least two regards", stating that one of them was "a serious attempt to integrate his research on the Russian extreme right into the field of comparative fascist study."
# Boom Biddy Bye Bye

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
"Boom Biddy Bye Bye" is a song written and performed by American hip hop group Cypress Hill. It was released on May 21, 1996 via Ruffhouse/Columbia Records as the third and final single from the group's third studio album III: Temples of Boom.
The song peaked at number 87 on the Billboard Hot 100, number 73 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and number 19 on the Hot Rap Songs in the United States.

## Charts

| Charts (1996) | Peak position |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 87 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 73 |
| US Hot Rap Songs (Billboard) | 19 |
# Untrapped: The Story of Lil Baby

Untrapped: The Story of Lil Baby is a 2022 documentary film centered on rapper Lil Baby, directed by Karam Gill. It premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival on June 11, 2022, and was released on Amazon Prime Video on August 26, 2022.

## Summary

The film follows the story of rapper Lil Baby's life and career. Born Dominique Jones, he was arrested and sent to prison as a teenager. After being released from prison in 2016 at age 21, he started a rap career, releasing his debut mixtape, Perfect Timing, in 2017, and then his album, My Turn, in 2020, which reached number 1 on the Billboard 200. The film includes archival footage of Lil Baby's childhood in Atlanta and adolescence as a drug dealer, and present-day footage with his children. It touches on social issues, such as the 2020 Black Lives Matter protests, and Lil Baby's relationship with the late Atlanta rapper Lil Marlo. It includes interviews with rappers Young Thug, Gunna, and Drake.

## Cast

* Lil Baby
* Young Thug
* Gunna
* Drake

## Release

The film premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival on June 11, 2022, where it was followed by a six-song set performed by Lil Baby. It was released on Prime Video on August 26, 2022.
# Cyclopentyne

Cyclopentyne is a cycloalkyne containing five carbon atoms in the ring. Due to the ideal bond angle of 180° at each atom of the alkyne but the structural requirement that the bonds form a ring, this chemical is a highly strained structure, and the triple bond is highly reactive. The triple bond easily undergoes both [2+2] and [4+2] cycloaddition reactions. Unlike benzyne, which undergoes a [2+2] addition with loss of stereochemistry at the alkene partner, cyclopentyne reacts with alkenes with retention of geometry of the partner, an example of the relevance of orbital symmetry even for highly reactive structures. The structure can also form a π complex with lithium cations, which affects the cycloaddition reactivity. It can even interact strongly enough with copper species to form a novel type of metallacycle.
# Henry Black (Representative)

Henry Black (February 25, 1783 – November 28, 1841) was a Whig member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.

## Early life

Henry Black was born near the borough of Somerset, Pennsylvania. He engaged in agricultural pursuits.

## Pennsylvania House of Representatives

He served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1816 to 1818. He was elected as a Democrat in 1816. He was a justice of the peace and appointed by the Governor of Pennsylvania as an associate judge of Somerset County, Pennsylvania, from 1820 to 1840.

## Electoral Tickets

Black was on the People's Ticket (electoral ticket) for the Election of 1828, in the 13th district (John Quincy Adams for President and Richard Rush for Vice President). He was also on the Whig Electoral Ticket for the 24th district in the Election of 1840.

## United States House of Representatives

Black was elected as a Whig to the Twenty-seventh Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Charles Ogle. The election was held on Tuesday, June 8, 1841. The vote for Black was approximately 2,703 with the opposition (party not named) getting 1,320 votes (Black receiving a majority of 1,383 more votes). The Daily Atlas lists the opposition candidate's name as "Pilson". (However, the same newspaper listed a "Mr. Philson of Somerset" as the opponent in the special election to replace Black after his death.)

## Death

Black served in the House of Representatives until his death at his residence in Somerset in 1841. The cause of death was apoplexy.

## Memorials

Interment in the family cemetery in Stonycreek Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania. Cenotaph at Congressional Cemetery in Washington, D.C.
On Thursday, December 9, 1841, his colleague Representative Joseph Lawrence took to the House floor to announce Black's death and provide a eulogy. Lawrence stated that Black was well liked by anyone who came into contact with him. Lawrence indicated that Black was his childhood friend. Lawrence also stated that Black had been in good health the day before his death. Lawrence then submitted a resolution that crepe should be worn in honor of Black's death. The resolution was adopted.
According to the Philadelphia U.S. Gazette (reprinted in the Easton Gazette), he was virtuous and well liked.

## Descendants

His son was Attorney General Jeremiah S. Black and his grandson was Pennsylvania Lt. Governor Chauncey Forward Black.
# Oliver C. Comstock

Oliver Cromwell Comstock (March 1, 1780 – January 11, 1860) was a United States representative from New York.

## Biography

He was born on March 1, 1780, in Warwick, Rhode Island, he moved with his parents to Schenectady, New York, when he was a child. He received a liberal schooling and studied medicine, practicing in Trumansburg. He was a member of the New York State Assembly from 1810 to 1812 and was the first judge of New York Court of Common Pleas for Seneca County, holding that office from 1812 to 1815.
Comstock was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Congresses, holding office from March 4, 1813, to March 3, 1819. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1818, and was the first judge of court of common pleas for Tompkins County in 1817 and 1818. He abandoned the practice of medicine and studied theology. He was licensed to preach and ordained to the Baptist ministry; he was then installed as pastor of the First Baptist Church in Rochester and served in that capacity from 1825 to 1834. He was elected Chaplain of the House of Representatives on December 20, 1836, and served until March 3, 1837. He moved to Michigan and resumed ministerial duties at Detroit in 1839; from 1841 to 1843 he was a regent of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, and from 1843 to 1845 he was State superintendent of public instruction. Comstock died in Marshall, Calhoun County, Michigan, in 1860; interment was in Oakridge Cemetery.
# William Simonton

William Simonton (February 12, 1788 – May 17, 1846) was a Whig member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.
William Simonton was born in West Hanover Township, Pennsylvania, near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, to Dr. William Simonton and Jane Wiggins. He graduated from the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia in 1810 and practiced his profession while residing on his farm near Hummelstown, Pennsylvania. Simonton was elected auditor of Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, in 1823 and served three years. He was one of the original supporters of the free-school system established by the act of 1834.
Simonton was elected as a Whig to the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh Congresses. He died in South Hanover Township, Pennsylvania, in 1846. Interment in the Old Hanover Cemetery, north of Shellsville, Pennsylvania.
One of his sons, Ashbel Green Simonton, was a Presbyterian minister and the first missionary to settle a Protestant Church in Brazil.

## Sources

* United States Congress. "William Simonton (id: S000427)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
* The Political Graveyard
* ↑ "American Historical Company. History of Pittsburgh and Environs, Volume 1. The American Historical Society, Inc. New York and Chicago, 1922. pg. 119
# Teresa Garman

Teresa A. Garman (née Lennon; born August 29, 1937) is an American politician in the state of Iowa.
Garman was born in Webster County, Iowa. A Republican, she served in the Iowa House of Representatives from 1987 to 2003 (87th district from 1987 to 1993 and 63rd district from 1993 to 2003). She supported Ron DeSantis in the 2024 Iowa Republican presidential caucuses.