OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Balleny fracture zone

Balleny fracture zone (62°S 156°E﻿ / ﻿62°S 156°E﻿ / -62; 156) is a fracture zone in the Southern Ocean that extends south towards the Balleny Islands. The name was approved by the Advisory Committee for Undersea Features in December 1971.
# Alfred Heer

Alfred Marius 'Fredi' Heer (/həər/ here born 12 October 1961) is a Swiss businessman and politician. He currently serves as a member of the National Council (Switzerland) for the Swiss People's Party since 2007. He is also a member of Parliamentary Assembly to the Council of Europe. He previously served on the Cantonal Council of Zürich from 1995 to 2008.

## Early life and education

Heer was born on 12 October 1961 in Zürich, Switzerland. He has completed a commercial apprenticeship.

## Career

Since 2001, Heer is a partner of C and E GmbH (C and E, LLC), in Zürich, which is an IT and software company together with fellow politician Mauro Tuena. He also serves as the president of the Bund der Steuerzahler (Swiss Taxpayers Association) and a member of the board of trustees of Audiatur-Stiftung (Audiatur Foundation). Further, Heer is a friend of Swiss-Albanian relations and was among the initiators of the Chamber of Commerce Switzerland-Kosova (between Switzerland and Kosovo) with the intentions to bring investors to the Balkans. He previously served on the board of directors of Alex Weiss Immobilien und Finanz AG.

## Politics

Between 1994 and 1998, Heer served on the city council of Zürich. He was ultimately elected into Cantonal Council of Zürich where he served as a representative for the Swiss People's Party from 1995 to 2008. In the 2007 Swiss federal election he was elected into the National Council (Switzerland). From April 2009 to April 2016 Heer served as the president of the Swiss People's Party in the Canton of Zürich.

## Personal life

Heer was married to an Italian woman until 2003 and was able to get Italian citizenship by marriage. From this relationship he has one daughter. In the Swiss Armed Forces he held the rank of Soldier. He is currently married for the second time and resides in Zürich.
# Chasseral

The Chasseral is a mountain of the Jura Mountains, overlooking Lake Biel in the Swiss canton of Bern. With an elevation of 1,606 metres above sea level, the Chasseral is the highest summit in the canton of Bern outside the Alps. It is also both the northernmost and easternmost mountain reaching over 1,500 metres in the Jura Mountains. West of the summit is located the Chasseral Ouest (1,552 m), where runs the border with the canton of Neuchâtel. The Chasseral Pass is located further on the west.
The Chasseral is the fourth most topographically isolated mountain of Switzerland, although it is the first when considering only easily accessible summits. This results in a very extensive view over the other mountains of the Jura, the Swiss Plateau, the Alps, the Vosges and the Black Forest. The summit can be reached from the Chasseral hotel, where there is a bus stop.

## Climate

Climate data for Chasseral, elevation 1,594 m (5,230 ft), (1991–2020) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 0.3 (32.5) | −0.1 (31.8) | 2.3 (36.1) | 5.8 (42.4) | 10.1 (50.2) | 13.7 (56.7) | 15.8 (60.4) | 15.6 (60.1) | 11.7 (53.1) | 8.4 (47.1) | 3.7 (38.7) | 1.2 (34.2) | 7.4 (45.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −2.3 (27.9) | −2.8 (27.0) | −0.5 (31.1) | 2.5 (36.5) | 6.4 (43.5) | 10.0 (50.0) | 12.0 (53.6) | 12.1 (53.8) | 8.4 (47.1) | 5.5 (41.9) | 1.1 (34.0) | −1.4 (29.5) | 4.3 (39.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4.7 (23.5) | −5.2 (22.6) | −3.0 (26.6) | −0.3 (31.5) | 3.5 (38.3) | 7.0 (44.6) | 8.9 (48.0) | 9.3 (48.7) | 5.9 (42.6) | 3.0 (37.4) | −1.3 (29.7) | −3.8 (25.2) | 1.6 (34.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 95.8 (3.77) | 91.8 (3.61) | 96.6 (3.80) | 103.7 (4.08) | 133.6 (5.26) | 133.5 (5.26) | 136.4 (5.37) | 142.4 (5.61) | 116.6 (4.59) | 122.2 (4.81) | 110.4 (4.35) | 112.7 (4.44) | 1,395.7 (54.95) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 11.1 | 9.9 | 10.7 | 11.2 | 13.9 | 12.7 | 12.5 | 12.1 | 10.7 | 12.7 | 11.3 | 12.5 | 141.3 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 75 | 76 | 79 | 79 | 82 | 82 | 81 | 81 | 84 | 80 | 78 | 76 | 79 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 98.0 | 104.7 | 140.0 | 156.5 | 163.6 | 180.0 | 202.2 | 189.2 | 150.1 | 130.8 | 93.4 | 85.3 | 1,693.8 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 36 | 36 | 38 | 39 | 36 | 39 | 43 | 44 | 40 | 39 | 34 | 33 | 39 |
| Source 1: NOAA ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: MeteoSwiss ||||||||||||||
# Carroll Pickett

Carroll L. "Bud" Pickett (1933 – April 3, 2022) was a Presbyterian minister in Huntsville, Texas. In the 1960s and 1970s, Pickett served as pastor for three churches in Texas. In 1980 he began serving as a chaplain in the Huntsville, Texas, prison, where he spent most of the next 15 years working with prisoners facing imminent execution. After retiring from the Texas Department of Corrections, Pickett wrote and spoke against the death penalty. His 2002 book, Within These Walls: Memoirs of a Death House Chaplain, won several awards. The 2008 documentary At the Death House Door: No Man Should Die Alone chronicles his prison ministry.

## Early life and ministry

Born in Nursery, Texas, Pickett attended Pattie Welder High School in Victoria and graduated from Victoria College, then Austin College in 1954 and seminary in 1957. He married Sonja Campbell of Victoria and raised 4 children. After divorcing, he married his second wife Jane in 1990.
Early in his career, he served a Presbyterian church in Sinton. From 1961 to 1967, he served as Associate Pastor for First Presbyterian Church in Victoria. From 1967 to 1980, he served as pastor of First Presbyterian Church in Huntsville, Texas.

## Attitudes towards the death penalty

In 1974, the Carrasco Prison Siege took the lives of two of Pickett's parishioners. After this, he was in favor of the death penalty. This was in direct conflict with the Presbyterian Church's established opposition to the death penalty.
During his tenure as a prison chaplain in the 1980s and 1990s, his views changed. In 1989 he sought psychiatric help to deal with work-related issues. He came to believe that one prisoner, Carlos DeLuna, was wrongly executed. He could not reveal his changed attitudes without jeopardizing his job and he felt a calling to continue to minister to prisoners on the last day of their lives. On the day of his retirement in 1995, he announced that he was against the death penalty. In 2008, he called execution "Biblically wrong."
In a September 2008 interview, he mentioned that his attitude change was a long process, and was in part due to the execution of several men who he believed were innocent.
In all, Pickett "walked with 95 inmates the last 10 steps to the Death House Door" in his 15 years with the prison system.

## Campaign against the death penalty

In addition to writing a book and being the subject of a documentary about his time as the Death House chaplain, Pickett spoke and wrote against the death penalty.

## Recognition

* 2002, Within These Walls: Memoirs of a Death House Chaplain, Violet Crown Award
* 2005, Within These Walls: Memoirs of a Death House Chaplain, PEN Southwest Book Awards, finalist, non-fiction

## Publications

* Stowers, Carlton, and Carroll Pickett, Within These Walls: Memoirs of a Death House Chaplain, ISBN 978-0-312-28717-7, St. Martin's Press, 2002, Google Books
# Françoise de Mailly

Françoise de Mailly (French pronunciation:; 1688–1742), was a French court official. She served as the dame d'atour to queen Marie Leszczyńska in 1731–1742.
She was born Françoise de Mailly, the daughter of Louis de Mailly (1663–1699) and Anne-Marie-Francoise de Sainte-Hermine. She married Louis Phélypeaux, marquis de la Vrillière, on 1 September 1700, but he died only five years later in 1725, and she was left widowed. On 14 June 1731, she married Paul-Jules de la Porte de Meilleraye, duc de Meilleraye, but he too died after only three months of marriage.
She was appointed dame d'atour to queen Marie Leszczyńska on 25 August 1731, succeeding her mother. She became the queen's personal friend and favorite among the ladies-in-waiting alongside Marie Brûlart, duchesse de Luynes. She introduced her son, Louis Phélypeaux, comte de Saint-Florentin, at court, where he became state secretary. She disliked the position of her granddaughter, Louise Julie de Mailly-Nesle, comtesse de Mailly, as royal mistress, and died in the middle of an intrigue to replace Louise Julie with her younger granddaughter, Marie Anne de Mailly-Nesle.
# Christian Imark

Christian Josia Maria Dieter Imark commonly known as Christian Imark (born 29 January 1982) is a Swiss businessman and politician. He currently serves on the National Council (Switzerland) for the Swiss People's Party since 2015. In 2001, Imark was elected as the youngest member into the Cantonal Council of Solothurn at age 19. He started serving in 2015 when he was elected into National Council. He also served as the youngest president of the Cantonal Council in its history in 2012.

## Early life and education

Imark was born 29 January 1982, in Breitenbach, Switzerland. He completed an apprenticeship at Von Roll Holding and then studied Architecture with a major in management at Bern University of Applied Sciences in Burgdorf. In 2010, he completed a Certificate of Advanced Studies (CAS) at Zurich University of Applied Sciences in Communications.

## Career

In 2008, Imark returned to his former job under Von Roll Holding and took a position in quality management of the wire production department. He held the position of Global Customer Manager in this company until 2016. Imark is also the owner and managing director of his own company called Airboxx GmbH (Airboxx, LLC) in 2013, which is a group primarily active in event management. Since 2015, he is also the president of the Solothurn chapter of the Swiss Road Transportation Association (ASTAG).
# Christian Levrat

Christian Levrat (born 7 July 1970) is a Swiss politician. He served as the President of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland from 2008 until 2020. He has served as a member of the Council of States from Fribourg since 2012. Prior to the Council of states, He was a member of the National Council in from 2003 to 2012. He became Chairman of the Board of Directors of Swiss Post in 2021.
Levrat was born in La Tour-de-Trême, now part of Bulle in the Canton of Fribourg. He earned a bilingual law degree from University of Fribourg and a master's degree at the University of Leicester.
He has citizenship in Pont (Veveyse), Le Crêt, Esmonts et Siviriez.
In 2008, he was elected as the President of the Social Democratic Party, succeeding Hans-Jürg Fehr, who resigned after a weak showing in the 2007 Swiss federal election. He led the party for 12 years and stepped down in October 2020 after the Cédric Wermuth and Mattea Meyer as Co-Presidents.
He was elected to the Council of States in 2012, taking 54.2 percent of the vote over Jacques Bourgeois of the FDP. The Liberals.
# Céline Vara

Céline Vara (born 4 October 1984, Saint-Aubin, Switzerland) is a Swiss-Italian lawyer and politician of the Green Party of Switzerland (GPS). She is currently a member of the Council of States of Switzerland.

## Early life and education

Céline Vara was born to a florist from Neuchâtel and a Sicilian immigrant. In her youth, while studying at the Gymnasium, she took part in a beauty contest at a local Wine festival during which she was elected the "Miss Fête des Vendanges" in 2001. She studied law at the University of Neuchâtel with a specialization in health and biotechnology law. Céline Vara obtained her lawyer license in September 2011 following which she began working as an independent lawyer in Neuchâtel. On 1 January 2017, she became a partner at Nicati, Vara and Bigger.

## Political career

Her political career began shortly ahead of the referendum on the adaption of the law concerning the abortion, just before she became eighteen years old. She joined the Grand Council of Neuchâtel in 2017 and became one of six Vice Presidents of the GPS on the 5 May 2018. She was elected to the Council of States of Switzerland in the parliamentarian elections of October 2019. She assumed her post on the 2 December 2019 and took a seat in the commissions focusing on foreign policy and law. Following her election to the Council of States, she resigned from the Grand Council of Neuchâtel.

## Personal life

She resides in Cressier, Neuchâtel lives in a relationship and has a daughter. She holds both Swiss and Italian nationality.
# Dominik Blunschy

Dominik Blunschy (German pronunciation:; born 27 October 1987) is a Swiss software engineer and politician who currently is member-elect of the National Council (Switzerland) for The Centre after being elected during the 2023 Swiss federal election. He assumed office on 4 December 2023.
Blunschy previously served on the Cantonal Council of Schwyz from 2016 to 2023 and concurrently as the president of the council from 2022 to 2023. He is the grandson of Elisabeth Blunschy, the first female president, of the National Council (Switzerland).

## Early life and education

Blunschy was born 27 October 1987 in Schwyz, Switzerland, to Felix Blunschy (1958-2014), who was formerly employed by Victorinox, and Monika Blunschy (née Imboden). He has two sisters.
He was raised in a political family in Ibach and Schwyz. His paternal grandparents, both attorneys, where both active politicians with his grandmother, Elisabeth Blunschy (née Steiner) serving on the National Council (Switzerland) from 1971 to 1987 for the Christian Democratic People's Party (predecessor of The Centre). In 1977, she presided the National Council as the first female in history. His grandfather, Alfred Blunschy (1921-1972), was a member of the Cantonal Council of Schwyz, from 1952 to 1972. His great-grandfather, Hans Steiner (1884-1964), also an attorney, served on the National Council from 1919 to 1924.
Blunschy completed a Bachelor of Science and a Master of Science in Information Technology at ETH Zurich.

## Career

Blunschy worked for a variety of software companies in Switzerland. He is currently employed as lead engineer at ti&m, a digital solutions agency, based in Zurich.

## Personal life

In 2021, he married Virginia (née Wyss), who is a professor for History and German.
# Elia Alessandrini

Elia Alessandrini (3 March 1997 – 16 December 2022) was a Swiss professional footballer who played as a centre-back.

## Club career

Alessandrini began playing football at his local club Schoenbuehl in Bern, Switzerland, at the age of 6, before joining the youth academy of Young Boys in 2008, where he subsequently worked his way up their youth levels. He gained national attention in 2012 as a ball boy in a match between the national teams of Switzerland and Argentina, when he snuck up on Lionel Messi to get a handshake. He was captain of the Young Boys' U21s for the 2016–17 season. In the 2017–18 season, he joined Thun in the Swiss Super League on loan and made his professional debut as a late substitute in a 4–0 win over his parent club Young Boys on 9 August 2017. In the summer of 2018, he joined Chiasso on loan in the Swiss Challenge League. He joined SC Kriens on loan on 27 July 2019, and eventually joined them on a permanent basis and became their captain. Hampered by injuries, he transferred to Stade Lausanne Ouchy on 6 July 2022.

## International career

Alessandrini played as a youth international for Switzerland. He first represented the Switzerland U15s in 2012. He was part of the Switzerland U19s at the 2016 UEFA European Under-19 Championship. He last played for the Switzerland U20s in 2017.

## Personal life and death

Born in Bern on 3 March 1997, Alessandrini was a Swiss national of Italian descent through a grandfather from Abruzzo, Italy.
Alessandrini died on 16 December 2022, near Muscat, Oman, while on vacation with his partner; he reportedly drowned in a swimming pool hours before his flight was scheduled to return to Switzerland. As of 17 December 2022, the exact cause of death has not been revealed.
# Mangwaki

Gurgaon district in the Indian state of Haryana dominated by yadav caste . It is located 42.1 kilometres (26.2 mi) from Gurgaon when accessed through Drive via SH 15A, 50 km Drive via MDR 132 and NH8, 43.7 km Drive via Basai Rd at the foothills of the Aravali hills. It is 26.9 km from Rewari Drive via NH 71.
# Helmut Koch

Helmut V. Koch (5 October 1932 – 12 November 2024) was a German mathematician who specialised in number theory.

## Life and career

Koch was born in Potsdam on 5 October 1932. Koch studied from 1952 to 1957 at the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. From 1957 to 1959, he worked in the semiconductor plant at Teltow. From 1959, he was a member of the Institute for Mathematics of the Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR, where he received in 1964 his promotion (Ph.D.) and in 1965 his habilitation. He studied under Hans Reichardt and Igor Shafarevich (1960–61 in Moscow). The famous "Number Theory" textbook by Shafarevich and Borevich was translated by Koch from Russian into German. Koch was from 1969 to 1991 the head of the research group at the Institute for Mathematics and from 1992 to 1996, the head of a working group at the Humboldt University, where he became a full professor in 1992. He was on research sabbaticals in Moscow, Saint Petersburg, and Novosibirsk and at the University of Paris, University of Montreal, University of Alberta, University of Cambridge, ETH Zürich, the Stefan Banach International Mathematical Center in Warsaw, and the Max-Planck-Institut für Mathematik in Bonn.
Koch's research dealt with, among other topics, the Galois theory of algebraic number fields, p-extensions of number fields, cubic number fields, and class field theory.
He was a member of the Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR. He was a full member of the Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, the Academia Europaea, and the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften. He was a corresponding member of the Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften. In 1986 he was an Invited Speaker at the ICM in 1986 in Berkeley, California. In 1993 he became a member of the editorial staff of the Mathematische Nachrichten.
Koch died on 12 November 2024, at the age of 92.

## Selected publications

* with Herbert Pieper: Zahlentheorie – ausgewählte Methoden und Ergebnisse. Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1976 (Einführung)
* Zahlentheorie – algebraische Zahlen und Funktionen. Vieweg 1997
* Algebraic Number Theory. 2nd edition, Springer 1997 (in Encyclopedia of mathematical sciences, eds. Parshin, Shafarevich)
* Einführung in die Mathematik – Hintergründe der Schulmathematik. Springer, 2nd edition 2004, ISBN 3540203915
* Einführung in die klassische Mathematik, vol. 1 Vom quadratischen Reziprozitätsgesetz zum Uniformisierungssatz. Springer 1986, English: Introduction to classical mathematics – from the quadratic reciprocity law to the uniformization theorem, Kluwer 1991
* Galois theory of p-extensions. Springer 2002 (older edition: Die Galoissche Theorie der p-Erweiterungen, Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften 1970)
* Über Galoissche Gruppen von p-adischen Zahlkörpern, Akademie Verlag 1964

## Sources

* Gottwald, Ilgauds, Schlote: Biographien bedeutender Mathematiker, Leipzig 1990
* "Koch, Helmut ("Wer war wer in der DDR?")". Biographische Datenbanken, bundesstiftung-aufarbeitung.de.
# Alexander Os

Alexander Os (born 21 January 1980) is a former Norwegian biathlete.
Os announced his retirement after the end of the 2015–16 season.

## Biathlon results

All results are sourced from the International Biathlon Union.

### Olympic Games

| Event | Individual | Sprint | Pursuit | Mass start | Relay |
| 2010 Vancouver | 28th | — | — | — | — |

### World Championships

2 medals (1 gold, 1 bronze)
| Event | Individual | Sprint | Pursuit | Mass start | Relay | Mixed relay |
| 2008 Östersund | 41st | — | — | — | — | 8th |
| 2009 Pyeongchang | 28th | 4th | Bronze | — | — | — |
| 2011 Khanty-Mansiysk | 43rd | — | — | — | Gold | — |
    *During Olympic seasons competitions are only held for those events not included in the Olympic program.
# Thomas H. Seymour

Thomas Hart Seymour (September 29, 1807 – September 3, 1868) was an American lawyer and Democratic Party politician who served as the 36th governor of Connecticut from 1850 to 1853 and as minister to Russia from 1853 to 1858. He was the leader of the peace settlement in the Democratic Party, and narrowly lost the April 1863 gubernatorial election.

## Early life

Born in Hartford, Connecticut, to Major Henry Seymour and Jane Ellery, Seymour was sent to public schools as a child and graduated from Middletown Military Academy in Middletown, Connecticut, in 1829. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1833, commencing practice in Hartford.

## Career

A judge of probate from 1836 to 1838, Seymour was also Editor of the Jeffersonian from 1837 to 1838. In 1842, he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives and served one term from 1843 to 1845, declining reelection in 1844.
During the Mexican–American War, Seymour was commissioned as a major in the Connecticut Infantry on March 16, 1846, later recommissioned to the new 9th United States Infantry on April 9, 1847. Due to his courageous leadership at the Battle of Chapultepec, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel of the 12th Infantry under Colonel Milledge L. Bonham on August 12, 1847.
After the war, Seymour made an unsuccessful run for Governor of Connecticut in 1849, but was elected governor by the Connecticut General Assembly the next year in 1850. He was re-elected in 1851, 1852 and 1853. He served as an 1852 presidential elector, endorsing Franklin Pierce and, in return for his support, Seymour was appointed to serve as minister to Russia and resigned the governorship shortly after being reelected to a fourth term. He accepted the commission of Minister to Russia from President Franklin Pierce. He resigned from the governorship on October 13, 1853, and spent the next four years in Russia, where he built a warm and ongoing alliance with the Czar Nicholas and his son. He served in this position until 1858 when President James Buchanan replaced him with Francis W. Pickens. In Russia, his attaches included Daniel Coit Gilman and Andrew Dickson White.
Seymour made two unsuccessful attempts to return to the governorship in 1860 and 1863 and unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for President of the United States at the 1864 Democratic National Convention, losing to Civil War general George B. McClellan.

## Death and legacy

Seymour died of typhoid fever, in Hartford, Connecticut, on September 3, 1868 (age 60 years, 340 days). He is interred at Cedar Hill Cemetery. In 1850 the town of Humphreysville, Connecticut—then contemplating a change of name—was renamed Seymour in his honor.