OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# California Historical Landmark

A California Historical Landmark (CHL) is a building, structure, site, or place in the U.S. state of California that has been determined to have statewide historical landmark significance.

## Criteria

Historical significance is determined by meeting at least one of these criteria:
* The first, last, only, or most significant of its type in the state or within a large geographic region (Northern, Central, or Southern California);
* Associated with an individual or group having a profound influence on the history of California; or
* An outstanding example of a period, style, architectural movement or construction; or is the best surviving work in a region of a pioneer architect, designer, or master builder.

## Other designations

California Historical Landmarks numbered 770 and higher are automatically listed in the California Register of Historical Resources.
A site, building, feature, or event that is of local (city or county) significance may be designated as a California Point of Historical Interest.

## Gallery

* The Old Custom House in Monterey, the first designated California Historical Landmark, where U.S. Commodore John Drake Sloat raised the American flag and declared California part of the United States in 1846
* Mission San Diego de Alcalá in San Diego was founded as the first Spanish mission in California in 1769
* The Cecil B. DeMille Studio Barn, now the Hollywood Heritage Museum, was where Cecil B. DeMille and Jesse Lasky established Hollywood's first major film company studio in 1913
* The HP Garage in Palo Alto, considered the "Birthplace of Silicon Valley", where David Packard and William Redington Hewlett developed their first product in the 1930s
* The Golden Gate Bridge, connecting San Francisco with Marin County
* Sutter's Mill, Marshall Gold Discovery Site, where James W. Marshall first discovered gold in 1848, sparking the California Gold Rush
* Fort Ross was established as a trading post by Russian colonists in 1812
* Founded in 1875, Beringer is the oldest continuously operating winery in the Napa Valley
* Hearst Castle
* Yosemite Valley
* The Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, opened in 1923
* The California Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices specifies a standard road sign guiding motorists to California Historical Landmarks, such as Mission Santa Cruz.
# Gerad Adams

Gerad Adams (born May 3, 1978) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who was previously the coach of the Sheffield Steelers of the Elite Ice Hockey League.

## Career statistics

| | | | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs |
| Season | Team | League | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1995–96 | Regina Pats | WHL | 70 | 1 | 11 | 12 | 252 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 40 |
| 1996–97 | Regina Pats | WHL | 65 | 5 | 21 | 26 | 227 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 12 |
| 1997–98 | Regina Pats | WHL | 69 | 10 | 32 | 42 | 202 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 32 |
| 1998–99 | Regina Pats | WHL | 42 | 16 | 20 | 36 | 136 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1998–99 | Kelowna Rockets | WHL | 15 | 6 | 10 | 16 | 28 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 6 |
| 1998–99 | Portland Pirates | AHL | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1999–00 | Portland Pirates | AHL | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1999–00 | Hampton Roads Admirals | ECHL | 58 | 3 | 11 | 14 | 165 | 10 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 35 |
| 2000–01 | Portland Pirates | AHL | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2000–01 | Richmond Renegades | ECHL | 48 | 4 | 16 | 20 | 120 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| 2001–02 | Edinburgh Capitals | BNL | 17 | 6 | 4 | 10 | 99 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2001–02 | London Knights | BISL | 21 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 92 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 10 |
| 2002–03 | London Knights | BISL | 28 | 2 | 7 | 9 | 84 | 18 | 2 | 8 | 10 | 26 |
| 2003–04 | Sheffield Steelers | EIHL | 53 | 16 | 29 | 45 | 190 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 |
| 2004–05 | Sheffield Steelers | EIHL | 32 | 5 | 12 | 17 | 50 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 8 |
| 2005–06 | Cardiff Devils | EIHL | 33 | 11 | 8 | 19 | 64 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 24 |
| 2006–07 | Cardiff Devils | EIHL | 50 | 6 | 12 | 18 | 123 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 2007–08 | Cardiff Devils | EIHL | 48 | 7 | 8 | 15 | 82 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 10 |
| 2008–09 | Cardiff Devils | EIHL | 15 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 13 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2009–10 | Cardiff Devils | EIHL | 38 | 4 | 11 | 15 | 58 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2010–11 | Cardiff Devils | EIHL | 54 | 6 | 11 | 17 | 76 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 2011–12 | Cardiff Devils | EIHL | 51 | 6 | 11 | 17 | 51 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| 2012–13 | Cardiff Devils | EIHL | 52 | 3 | 11 | 14 | 37 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 14 |
| 2013–14 | Cardiff Devils | EIHL | 9 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — |
| EIHL totals | EIHL totals | EIHL totals | 435 | 65 | 114 | 179 | 750 | 45 | 8 | 8 | 16 | 70 |
# Chaman Bid, Fars

Chaman Bid (Persian: چمن بيد, also Romanized as Chaman Bīd) is a village in Hamaijan Rural District, Hamaijan District, Sepidan County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 195, in 44 families.
# Joanne Mayer

Joanne Mayer (born 16 March 1993 in Mulhouse) is a French sprint canoeist. Mayer is a member of the canoe and kayak team for Mulhouse-AS Cheminots Riedisheim, and is coached and trained by her father Sébastien Mayer, who competed in the men's kayak four (1000 m) at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. Her grandfather Albert Mayer, on the other hand, also participated in the same discipline at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City.
Mayer represented France at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, where she competed in the women's K-4 500 metres, along with her teammates Marie Delattre, Sarah Guyot, and Gabrielle Tuleu. Mayer and her team finished last in the final by more than a second behind the Russian team (led by Yuliana Salakhova), recording the slowest time of 1:35.299.
# Chiti, Khuzestan

Chiti (Persian: چيتي, also Romanized as Chītī; also known as Qal‘eh Chetī and Qal‘eh Chītī) is a village in Sadat Rural District, in the Central District of Lali County, Khuzestan province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 97, in 14 families.
# Ioan Mețianu

Ioan Mețianu (Romanian pronunciation:; May 9, 1828–February 3, 1916) was an Austro-Hungarian cleric of the Romanian Orthodox Church.
Born in Zărnești, in the Transylvania region, he attended high school in Brașov and Cluj, studying theology in Sibiu. He served as a priest in Râșnov (1853-1857) and in Zărnești (1857-1874), rising to archpriest in 1859. He belonged to various diocesan institutions in Sibiu, was a member of the national church council and an ally of Metropolitan Andrei Șaguna. After remaining a widower, he was elected vicar bishop for Oradea, a post he held from 1874 to 1875. Then, from 1875 to 1898, he was Bishop of Arad. In December 1898, he was elected Archbishop of Sibiu and Metropolitan of Transylvania. Enthroned the following March, Mețianu remained in office until his death.
While still an archpriest, Mețianu organized Romanian confessional primary schools, guided the building of churches and, in 1865, was elected to the Transylvanian Diet. While bishop of Arad, he supervised numerous primary schools, founded a girls' middle school in Arad and a boys' boarding school in Beiuș, started a diocesan printing press, launched the newsletter Biserica și școala in 1877, constructed a new building for the theological-pedagogical institute and founded an endowment for poor priests and widowed priests' wives.
As metropolitan, he initiated and led building work for the new cathedral, as well as for the theological-pedagogical institute's new building. He guided the activity of this institute, of Telegraful Român newspaper and of the nearly 800 confessional primary schools in the archdiocese; and started endowments for Romanian pupils and students, or for other cultural and philanthropic purposes. In the Diet of Hungary, he belonged to both the House of Representatives and the House of Magnates, where he defended maternal-language rights in Romanian primary schools.
His articles, speeches and sermons appeared in Biserica și școala and Telegraful Român.
# Theodore Cooke

Theodore Cooke, CIE, (born Tramore, County Waterford, January 6, 1836; died Richmond, London, November 5, 1910) was an Anglo-Irish engineer, educator, and botanist active in India. He is known for his leadership of the College of Engineering, Pune from 1865 to 1893 and his multi-volume Flora of the Presidency of Bombay (1901–1908).

## Career

Cooke was the son of Rev. John Cooke, Rector of Ardfinnan, County Tipperary and was educated at Trinity College Dublin, graduating in 1859 in arts and engineering. He went to India in 1860 as an engineer for the Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway. He erected the Vasai Creek Railway Bridge, completed in 1864. In 1865 he was made the director of the Civil Engineering College, later the College of Science, at Poona, where he remained for 28 years. During that time the college added programs in licenced and civil engineering, forestry, and agriculture and became affiliated with the University of Bombay. In 1893 he left India for England.
He was made a member of the Order of the Indian Empire in 1891 for his administrative work.

## Botany

Cooke had always taken an interest in botany during his time in India and in 1891 he was placed in charge of the western division of the Botanical Survey of India. While in that position he began to plan a "Flora of the Presidency of Bombay", but difficulties prevented its production at that time. After Cooke left India and settled in England, he was appointed to a position at the Imperial Institute which occupied his time. However, eventually he settled at Kew near the botanical gardens and began the project, which was published in sections from 1901 to 1908, ultimately collected into two volumes. This flora proved so useful for Indian botany that after independence it was reprinted by the reconstituted Botanical Survey of India in 1958 and again in 1967.
The standard author abbreviation T.Cooke is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

## Family

Cooke married Ellen Arabella Curtis in 1867; they had two children, John Vernon Cooke (b. 1869) and May Alfreda Cooke (1870–1935).
# Clive Robertson

Clive Robertson may refer to:
* Clive Robertson (actor) (born 1965), British actor
* Clive Robertson (artist) (born 1946), British-born Canadian artist
* Clive Robertson (broadcaster) (1945–2024), Australian journalist
# Hafner Rotabuggy

The Hafner Rotabuggy (formally known as the Malcolm Rotaplane and as the "M.L. 10/42 Flying Jeep") was a British experimental aircraft that was essentially a Willys MB combined with a rotor kite, developed with the intention of producing a way of air-dropping off-road vehicles.

## Design and development

It was designed by Raoul Hafner of the Airborne Forces Experimental Establishment (AFEE) after their development of the Rotachute enjoyed some success.
The prototype was built by the R. Malcolm & Co. Ltd (also producer of the Malcolm hood) at White Waltham in 1942. Air Ministry specification 10/42 for a "Special Rotating Wing Glider" was used to identify the project.
Initial testing showed that a Willys MB could be dropped from heights up to 2.35 metres (7.7 ft) without damage to the vehicle. A 12.4 metres (40 ft 8.2 in) diameter rotor was attached, along with a tail fairing and fins, but no rudders. Two men were required to pilot the aircraft: one to drive it as an automobile, and one to pilot it in the air using a control column. Initially it was named the "Blitz Buggy", but that was soon dropped for the "Rotabuggy".
The first trial was conducted on 16 November 1943, with the unit being towed behind a Diamond T lorry, but the lorry could not get enough speed to put the Rotabuggy in the air. A more powerful vehicle, a supercharged 4.5-litre Bentley automobile, was used on 27 November to finally allow the machine to become airborne and in test could obtain glide speeds of 45 mph. Later tests were made towed behind an Armstrong-Whitworth Whitley bomber.
Although initial tests showed that the Rotabuggy was prone to severe vibration at speeds greater than 45 miles per hour (72 km/h), with improvements the Rotabuggy achieved a flight speed of 70 mph (113 km/h) on 1 February 1944. The last test flight occurred in September 1944, where the unit flew for 10 minutes at an altitude of 400 feet (121.9 m) and a speed of 65 mph (105 km/h), after being released by a Whitley bomber, and was described as "highly satisfactory". However, the introduction of gliders that could carry vehicles (such as the Waco Hadrian and Airspeed Horsa) made the Rotabuggy superfluous and further development was cancelled.
A replica of the Rotabuggy is displayed at the Museum of Army Flying in Middle Wallop. Hafner also came up with the idea of a similarly outfitted "Rotatank" using a Valentine tank, but that was never built.

## Specifications

Data from Nothing Ventured...
General characteristics
* Crew: 2
* Length: 21 ft 0 in (6.40 m)
* Width: 9 ft 6 in (2.90 m)
* Height: 6 ft 9 in (2.06 m) (to top of rotor hub)
* Empty weight: 2,125 lb (964 kg) (Jeep)
* Gross weight: 3,110 lb (1,411 kg)
* Main rotor diameter: 46 ft 8 in (14.22 m)
* Main rotor area: 1,711 sq ft (159.0 m$^2$)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 150 mph (240 km/h, 130 kn) (max design speed)
* Rate of sink: 960 ft/min (4.9 m/s) at 48 mph (77 km/h), 1,980 ft/min (10.1 m/s) at 150 mph (240 km/h)
# Ngud'

"Ngud'" is a song from South African rapper Kwesta's third studio album DaKAR II (2016). The song features a guest appearance from Cassper Nyovest. The song was produced by DJ Maphorisa and samples Joakim's remix of "Camino Del Sol" by Antena. It debuted at number 1 on iTunes and also debuted at number 7 on the EMA Local Top 10 chart. It peaked at number 1, making it Kwesta's first number one on the chart. It was certified 5× platinum by RISA. As of June 2016, the song had spent 14 non-consecutive weeks at 1 and was the most playlisted song on South African radio in 2016.

## Charts

| Chart (2016) | Peak position |
| South Africa (EMA) | 1 |

## Accolades

The single "Ngud'" was nominated at annual MTV Africa Awards in the song of the Year.
| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result |
| 2016 | "Ngud" | Song of the Year | Nominated |
# Blago Zadro

Blago Zadro (31 March 1944 – 16 October 1991) was a commander of the northern part of Croatian forces in Vukovar during the Croatian War of Independence. He was killed in an attack by the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) in the town of Borovo Naselje during the Battle of Vukovar. He is considered a war hero in Croatia.

## Early life

Blago Zadro was born in the small village of Donji Mamići near Grude in western Herzegovina. His family moved to Borovo Naselje, an industrial district of Vukovar, in 1954 where he graduated high school and started working in the Borovo combine. He had a job mixing chemicals and rubber. In 1968 he married Katica Soldo, also an employee of Borovo. They had three sons: Robert, Tomislav, and Josip. Zadro was interested in Croatian history, particularly the Bleiburg death marches, and was not a supporter of the Communist authorities.
In early 1990, due to mismanagement of the Borovo conglomerate, Zadro organized strikes and asked for the dismissal of the director. Zadro became active in politics during Croatia's first democratic election in 1990; he founded a branch of the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) for Municipality of Vukovar and became the vice president of the HDZ in Vukovar. After his department was closed, he spent three months in the reorganized Croatian police force in Vinkovci. He joined the Croatian National Guard when the war started.

## Battle of Vukovar

Zadro had commanded the 3rd Battalion of the 204th (Vukovar) Croatian Army Brigade during Battle of Vukovar since the start of the fighting, along with two of his sons, where he led actions against the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) and local Serb forces. Zadro's unit was assigned to defend the vital Trpinja road (Croatian: Trpinjska cesta), an open road leading directly into Vukovar. Because of its importance, the road became primary target for JNA tank units attacking the city and it became known as the tank graveyard due to actions of Zadro's anti-tank rocket groups "Yellow Ants" and "Turbo Platoon" which fought off many tank attacks, notably a single incident on 18 September when an entire battalion of about 60 tanks and armored personnel carriers was ambushed and destroyed there.
Zadro was killed by Serb forces on 16 October 1991. His body was recovered and buried by his unit. When the Serb forces surrendered the city, his body was removed and remained missing until 1998, when it was found along with the bodies of 937 other victims from a mass grave in Borovo Naselje. After his death, he was promoted to the rank of major general.

## Legacy

Speaker of the Croatian Parliament Vladimir Šeks stated "without heroes like Blago Zadro, there would be no free Croatia". A commemoration for him is held every year on the anniversary of his death in Vukovar, attended by many former comrades and political dignitaries. The main street in Borovo Naselje and a military school in Zagreb have been named after him. A street in Grude was named after him and in his birth village Donji Mamići was placed a monument in his tribute.
# Choghar Chuiyeh

Choghar Chuiyeh (Persian: چغارچوئيه, also Romanized as Choghār Chū’īyeh; also known as Chagharchūn, Choghāchū’īyeh, Choghār Chūn, and Jagharchūn) is a village in Bezenjan Rural District, in the Central District of Baft County, Kerman province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 576, in 119 families.
# Olav Skard

Olav Matiasson Skard (27 October 1881 – 15 May 1965) was a Norwegian educator, magazine editor and horticulturalist.

## Personal life

He was born in Østre Gausdal Municipality as a son of educators Matias Skard (1846–1927) and his first wife Marie Bø (1849–1883). His father was an educator and school director. He was a half-brother of Torfinn, Bjarne, Eiliv and Sigmund Skard. His uncle was folklorist Johannes Skar. When Sigmund Skard married Åse Gruda Skard, Åsa became Olav's sister-in-law, and he was also an uncle of Halvdan Skard, Målfrid Grude Flekkøy and Torild Skard. In February 1908 he married Wally Bjerregaard (1879–1966).

## Career

He grew up in Østre Gausdal Municipality and Levanger Municipality, and attended agriculture school in Hylla, before enrolling at the Norwegian College of Agriculture, where he graduated with a degree in horticulture in 1904. He was a teacher at various gardening schools from 1904 to 1918, and from 1919 to 1934 he was a secretary in Selskapet Havedyrkningens Venner (SVH) and editor of their magazine Norsk Hagetidend. From 1921 he was also a board member of SVH, and he later became an honorary member. He was appointed as a professor at the Norwegian College of Agriculture in 1934, and remained there until 1956 (he officially retired in 1951). In 1948 he was appointed a Knight First Class of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav. He died in May 1965 at Oslo.
# Richard J. Israel

Richard J. Israel (December 9, 1930 – November 7, 2022) was an American attorney and politician. He served as attorney general of Rhode Island from 1971 to 1975.

## Life and career

Israel was born in Slatersville, Rhode Island. He attended Classical High School, Brown University and Yale Law School.
Israel served as attorney general of Rhode Island from 1971 to 1975.
Israel died on November 7, 2022, at the age of 91.
# Southern Foodways Alliance

Southern Foodways Alliance (SFA) is an institute of the Center for the Study of Southern Culture at the University of Mississippi, dedicated to the documentation, study and exploration of the foodways of the American South. Member-funded, it stages events, recognizes culinary contributions with awards and a hall of fame, produces documentary films, publishes writing, and maps the region’s culinary institutions recording oral history interviews. The group has about 800 members, a mixture of chefs, academics, writers, and eaters.

## Founders and Board

John T. Edge, a writer and commentator, has served as the director of the SFA since its foundation in 1999. A journalist, John Egerton, was one of the group's founders. In 2007, the SFA established the John Egerton Prize to recognize annually selected "artists, writers, scholars, and others—including artisans and farmers—whose work in the American South addresses issues of race, class, gender, and social and environmental justice, through the lens of food." John Martin Taylor was also a founding member. Current board members include Francis Lam and Rob Long.

## Annual awards

The annual Ruth Fertel Keeper of the Flame Award is made jointly by the Southern Foodways Alliance and the Fertel Foundation, and honors an unsung hero or heroine who has made a great contribution to food. The award was first made in 2000. The honoree receives a monetary award and a documentary film is made about them.
Claiborne Award recipients:
* 2019 Ann Abadie
* 2018 Marcie Cohen Ferris
* 2017 Hugo Ortega
* 2016 Ira Wallace
* 2015 JoAnn Clevenger
* 2014 Sandor Katz
* 2013 Vertamae Grosvenor
* 2012 Ben and Karen Barker
* 2011 Dori Sanders
* 2010 Christiane Lauterbach
* 2009 Ronni Lundy
* 2008 John Folse
* 2007 Allan Benton
* 2006 Frank Stitt
* 2005 Joe Dabney
* 2004 Nathalie Dupree and Jessica B. Harris
* 2003 John Egerton
* 2002 Ella Brennan
* 2001 Marie Rudisill
* 2000 Leah Chase
* 1999 Edna Lewis

## Reception

In the Atlantic Monthly, Corby Kummer described the SFA as: “this country’s most intellectually engaged (and probably most engaging) food society."
# Frank Murray (politician)

Frank Murray (February 28, 1907 – September 16, 1984) was an American politician. He served as secretary of state of Montana from 1957 to 1981.

## Life and career

Murray was born in Silver Bow County, Montana.
Murray served as secretary of state of Montana from 1957 to 1981.
Murray died in September 1984, at the age of 77.
# Governorate General of Rio de Janeiro

The Governorate General of Rio de Janeiro (Portuguese: Governo-Geral do Rio de Janeiro) was a colonial administration of the Portuguese Empire.

## History

In 1534, John III of Portugal started granting land rights to colonize Portuguese territory in South America, they were the Captaincy Colonies of Brazil. These fifteen autonomous and separate colonies were, for the most part, a failure administratively, and thus economically.
In 1549, in order to solve the governance problem of his South American colonies, John III established the Governorate General of Brazil. The governorate united the fifteen colonies into a single colony, but each captaincy would continue to exist as a provincial administrative unit of the governorate.
In 1572, in order to establish a stronger and more capable military presence in the continent, the governorate was dismantled into two separate colonies, the Governorate General of Bahia, which encompassed the northern part, and the Governorate General of Rio de Janeiro, which took the south.
In 1578, the governorate was reestablished from the governorates of Bahia and Rio de Janeiro. This second Governorate General of Brazil would be once again partitioned into the two separate colonies, in 1607.
Finally in 1613, the Governorate General of Rio de Janeiro and the Governorate General of Bahia merged to form the third, and final, Governorate General of Brazil.
# Nader Faghihzadeh

Nader Faghihzadeh (Persian: نادر فقیه‌زاده, born 1976 in Tehran) is an Iranian-German automotive designer based in Munich. After 17 years with BMW, in 2019 he was co-founder of the China-based EV manufacturer AVATR as Chief Design Officer. At BMW he was responsible for the Interior Design of the BMW 7 Series (F01/F02), the Exterior Design of the BMW 6 Series Gran Coupé, Coupé and Convertible (F06/F12/F13) and the Exterior Design of the BMW 7 series (G11/G12).