OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Aulic titulature

Aulic titulature is a term, derived from the Greek aulè and Latin aula (in the meaning palace), for hierarchic systems of titles specifically in use for court protocol. Aulic titulature is the name for a system of official rank titles, conferred – ex officio or nominatim – to actual courtiers and as an honorary rank (for protocol) to various military and civilian officials. The term is most often used with reference to the Hellenistic kingdoms, particularly Ptolemaic Egypt.

## Hellenistic kingdoms

In Ptolemaic Egypt, diadochos (διάδοχος, "substitute") was the lowest aulic rank, under philos [basilikos] (φίλος [βασιλικός], "[royal] friend"), archisomatophylax (ἀρχισωματοφύλαξ, "arch-bodyguard"), protos philos (πρῶτος φίλος, "first friend"), homotimos (ὁμότιμος, "[nearly] equal dignitary") and syggeneus (συγγενεὺς, "cognate of the crown"), during the reign of Ptolemy V Epiphanes (204–181 BC). A similar system of titles was in place in other Hellenistic monarchies. In the Ptolemaic court, the aulic titulature is also distinguished from the titles awarded honoris causa since several are determined by aulic functions such as the chamberlain or the master of the hunt.

### Dynamics and motivation

Scholars describe the aulic titulature as a complex system, and stress that the meanings of many of the attested titles within it are unknown. One approach to understanding it is through the view that it is a form of formalised informality where a philos' power position, for instance, at court was indicated by his title and not necessarily fixed by it. While the hierarchisation in the court titulature and the status differentiation is seen as advantageous to the king, it is also believed to be an instrument for the top of the court society to close their ranks as they jockey for positions and privileges. It is commonly supposed that the institution of a system of court ranks and titles was intended to reinforce the bond between the monarch and his ministers by playing on the vanity of the courtiers. There are also accounts that show how the distribution of aulic titles served as a form of gift exchange and that the recipient was awarded gifts such as purple clothing, crowns, and horse trappings in order to show his rank or to derive his status from.
# T. B. Jayasundera

Tikiri Banda Jayasundera (born 4 May 1927, date of death unknown) was a Ceylonese politician. He was the member of Parliament of Sri Lanka from Udunuwara, representing the Sri Lanka Freedom Party. He was defeated by D.B. Wijetunga in the 1965 general election. Jayasundera is deceased.
# John Stewart (Pennsylvania politician)

John Stewart (date of birth unknown; died 1820) was a United States representative from Pennsylvania. He is known to have completed preparatory studies. From 1789 to 1796, he was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Sixth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Thomas Hartley. He was reelected as a Republican to the Seventh and Eighth Congresses, holding office from January 15, 1801 to March 3, 1805. He died in Elmwood, near York, in Spring Garden Township. Interment was on his estate near Elmwood.
# Jasper Taylor

Jasper Taylor (January 1, 1894, Texarkana, Arkansas – November 7, 1964, Chicago) was an American jazz drummer.
Taylor performed in Wild West revues and minstrel shows in his teens, touring the American South and Mexico. He played in Memphis, Tennessee in 1913, on washboard, drums, wood blocks, and xylophone. As a xylophonist he collaborated with W.C. Handy, and later played with Jelly Roll Morton.
In 1917 he moved to Chicago, where he was based out of for most of his career. He played in the 365th Infantry Band in France during World War I, and played with Handy, Will Marion Cook, the Chicago Novelty Orchestra, and Clarence Williams in the late 1910s and early 1920s. Later in the 1920s he worked with Dave Peyton and Fess Williams.
Due to the downturn in opportunities to perform during the Great Depression, he quit music in the 1930s and became a cobbler. In the 1940s he returned to active performance with Freddie Shayne and others; in the 1950s he played for several years with Natty Dominique. Shortly before his death he led his own Creole Jazz Band.
# Finnish school shooting

Finnish school shooting or similar terms can refer to:
* The Raumanmeri school shooting of January 1989
* The Jokela school shooting of November 2007
* The Kauhajoki school shooting of September 2008
* The Viertola school shooting of April 2024
# Véronique Laury

Véronique Laury (born 29 June 1965) is a French businesswoman who was chief executive officer (CEO) of Kingfisher, a UK based retail group, from February 2015 to September 2019.
In March 2019, it was announced that Laury would leave Kingfisher at a date to be announced following the failure of her "One Kingfisher" recovery plan and a 52.8% drop in pre-tax profits.

## Early life

Véronique Laury was born on 29 June 1965. She attended the Sciences Po, the Paris Institute of Political Studies, or Institut d'études politiques de Paris (IEP).

## Career

She spent fifteen years at Leroy Merlin in France.

### Kingfisher

In September 2014, it was announced that Laury would replace Ian Cheshire as CEO of Kingfisher plc, a FTSE 100 British multinational retail company from February 2015. Laury has worked at Castorama, a subsidiary of Kingfisher, for eleven years, including roles at B&Q.

## Personal life

She is also known as Veronique Laury-Deroubaix. She has a daughter and two sons, and lives in Lille. She enjoys horse riding, and is a former show jumper.
# Nabil Ejenavi

Nabil Ejenavi (born 16 February 1994) is an Algerian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder.
On 4 July 2016, it was announced that Ejenavi's contract with Montana will be terminated by mutual consent.
On 24 October 2016, Ejenavi joined Oborishte Panagyurishte.

## Honours
### Club

Montana
Bulgarian Cup:
* Runners-up (1): 2015-16
# Mark W. Walker

Mark W. Walker is a former Republican politician in Utah. He was elected to the Utah House of Representatives in 2004 from the 45th district, in the Sandy area and re-elected in 2006. In 2008, he was a candidate in the Republican primary for Utah State Treasurer along with Richard K. Ellis, Chief Deputy State Treasurer. Ellis claimed that Walker suggested he should drop out of the race and in return, Walker (if elected) would keep Ellis on with a $56,000 pay raise. During an Ethics Committee investigation, Walker pled guilty to "inducement not to become a candidate," agreed not to run, perform 100 hours of community service and was fined. Walker then resigned his position.
# Robert Waln

Robert Waln (February 22, 1765 – January 24, 1836) was a United States representative from Pennsylvania. Born in Philadelphia in the Province of Pennsylvania, he received a limited schooling, engaged in mercantile pursuits and in East India and China trade, was a member of the Pennsylvania Legislature for several years, and was a member of the city council of Philadelphia, serving as president of the select council.
Waln was elected as a Federalist to the Fifth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of John Swanwick. He was reelected to the Sixth Congress and served from December 3, 1798, to March 3, 1801. He became interested in the operation of ironworks and during the War of 1812 erected a cotton factory in Trenton, New Jersey. He served as president of the Philadelphia Insurance Co. and as a trustee of the University of Pennsylvania. He died in Philadelphia; interment was in Arch Street Friends Meeting House Burial Ground.
# Spirotropis longifolia

Spirotropis longifolia is a species of flowering plant in the legume family, Fabaceae. It is a tree native to Venezuela, Suriname, and French Guiana in northern South America. It is the sole species in genus Spirotropis. It belongs to subfamily Faboideae.
Symbiotic Relationships The tree forms symbiotic relationships with Bradyrhizobium bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which contribute to its dominance in these ecosystems and enhance its ability to thrive in nutrient-poor soils.
Phytochemistry Phytochemical analysis of Spirotropis longifolia roots has led to the isolation of unique isoflavonoids that exhibit antifungal activity, which could be used for medicinal applications.
# Maurice Coakley

Maurice P. Coakley (January 9, 1906 – March 14, 1991) was a lawyer from Beloit, Wisconsin, who served seven years as a Republican member of the Wisconsin State Senate from the 15th District (Rock County), resigned to serve in World War II, then spent 25 years as a lobbyist for the Wisconsin Manufacturers Association.

## Background

Coakley was born in Beloit on January 9, 1906. He earned a B.A. degree from Beloit College in 1926, and graduated in 1930 from the University of Wisconsin Law School, taking up the practice of law in his home town. From 1927 until his 1934 election to the Senate he served as a record clerk in the Senate.
From 1931 to 1932 he was an instructor in political science at Beloit College, and in 1932 he was admitted to the bar of the Territory of Hawaii.

## Public office

In 1934 Coakley won a plurality in a five-way Republican primary contest for the Senate seat won the year before by Democrat Alexander Paul. In the general election he was successful in unseating Paul, with 8847 votes to 8076 for Paul and 6168 for Progressive George Geffs. He was assigned to the standing committee on the judiciary. He was unchallenged in the 1938 primary, and easily won re-election against Progressive Joseph Sweeney.
In the 1939 and 1941 sessions, Coakley served as Republican floor leader. During the 1939 session, the Republicans had 16 seats (one short of a majority), and Coakley became majority leader with the votes of six Democrats (the Democrats received some committee chairmanships); he would later recall, "When the Democrats voted with us that session, we could suspend the rules. When they didn't, we couldn't even pass a bill. We were between the door and the jamb a lot of time."
In July 1940 he was appointed private and military secretary to Governor Julius Heil. He did not run for re-election in 1942, choosing instead to enlist in the U.S. Navy. (He was succeeded by fellow Republican Robert P. Robinson.)

## After the Senate

Coakley was discharged from the Navy in 1946, and took a job as a lobbyist for the Wisconsin Manufacturers Association, a post he would hold until his retirement in 1972.
Coakley died on March 14, 1991, in Richmond, Texas, at the age of 85.
# Nicolas Fabiano

Nicolas Fabiano (born 8 February 1981) is a French former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

## Career

Fabiano was born in Courbevoie, Hauts-de-Seine.
In 2002, he played top division football in the Scottish Premier League and UEFA Cup for Aberdeen.
He was without a club for one year, and then joined RCF Paris of Championnat National and left the club after they were relegated to CFA 2.
He was also included in the French U20 squad for the 2001 FIFA World Youth Championship.
# Saskatchewan Highway 38

Highway 38 is a provincial highway in the south-east portion of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It runs north from Kuroki to Chelan providing access to Greenwater Lake Provincial Park and Kelvington. Highway 38 is a primary highway that is paved in its entirety and maintained by the provincial government. It is approximately 89 kilometres (55 mi) long.

## Route description

Highway 39 begins at Highway 5 at the community of Kuroki, just north of Fishing Lake. From there, the highway heads north where it intersects with Highway 49 and then passes through the town of Kelvington. It continues northward from Kelvington towards Little Nut Lake, Round Lake, and Greenwater Lake. Access to Round Lake and its amenities is from a gravel road east off the highway. At Greenwater Lake, Highway 38 travels through, and provides access to, Greenwater Lake Provincial Park. It continues north from the park and meets Highway 23 at Chelan.

## History

Past road upgrades include:
* In 1999, 12.6 km (7.8 mi) was repaved from Chelan south to Greenwater Lake Provincial Park
* In 2021, 23 km (14 mi) of Highway 38 north of the intersection with Highway 49 was repaved

## Major intersections

From south to north:
| Rural municipality | Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| Sasman No. 336 | Kuroki | 0.0 | 0.0 | Highway 5 – Wadena, Saskatoon, Canora To Highway 310 south – Foam Lake | Southern terminus |
| Sasman No. 336 | ​ | 41.2 | 25.6 | Highway 755 – Wadena, Preeceville | |
| ↑ / ↓ | Kelvington | 31.3 | 19.4 | Highway 49 – Hwy 35, Preeceville | |
| Kelvington No. 366 | ​ | 37.9 | 23.5 | Highway 760 west – Fosston | |
| Kelvington No. 366 | ​ | 47.8 | 29.7 | Highway 756 west – Rose Valley | |
| Kelvington No. 366 | ​ | 65.6 | 40.8 | Highway 349 west – Nobleville, Naicam | |
| ↑ / ↓ | ​ | 67.9– 85.8 | 42.2– 53.3 | Passes through Greenwater Lake Provincial Park | Passes through Greenwater Lake Provincial Park |
| Bjorkdale No. 426 | Chelan | 88.9 | 55.2 | Highway 773 west – Pre-Ste-Marie | |
| Bjorkdale No. 426 | Chelan | 89.0 | 55.3 | Highway 23 – Crooked River, Carrot River, Porcupine Plain | Northern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||||
# List of articles about Canadian oil sands

This is a list of articles related to Canadian oil sands:
* Athabasca oil sands
* Black Bonanza
* BP § Canadian oil sands
* Canadian Centre for Energy Information
* Canadian oil sands (disambiguation)
* Climate change in Canada
* Cold Lake oil sands
* Environmental impact of mining
* History of Alberta § oil sands
* History of the petroleum industry in Canada (oil sands and heavy oil)
* Indiana Economic Development Corporation
* Keystone Pipeline
* Mackenzie Valley Pipeline
* Melville Island oil sands
* Oil megaprojects (2011)
* Peace River oil sands
* Project Oilsand / Project Cauldron
* Rising Tide North America
* Suncor Energy
* Syncrude Tailings Dam
* Utah Oil Sands Joint Venture
* Wabasco oil sands
* Yinka Dene Alliance
# Lindsey Port

Lindsey Port is a Minnesota politician and a member of the Minnesota Senate. A member of the Minnesota Democratic Farmer-Labor Party, she represents Senate District 55, which includes parts of Burnsville, Savage, and Lakeville in Dakota and Scott counties in the southern Twin Cities metropolitan area.

## Early life, education

Port grew up in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, with her parents and sister. She moved to Minnesota in 2001 to attend the University of Minnesota – Twin Cities.

## Minnesota Senate

Port was elected to the Minnesota Senate in 2020 with 53% of the vote, defeating Republican incumbent Dan Hall. In 2016 she ran for the Minnesota House of Representatives in District 56B and lost to Republican incumbent Roz Peterson.
Port was chief Senate author of a 2023 law that legalized the recreational use of cannabis by adults in the state of Minnesota and expunged low-level cannabis convictions. She co-authored a bill banning junk fees with Representative Emma Greenman that was signed into law in May 2024. She is also the senate chair of the DFL Reproductive Freedom Caucus, and has been a member of the caucus since its inception in 2021.
Port serves on the following committees:
* Housing and Homelessness Prevention (Chair)
* Elections
* Energy, Utilities, Environment and Climate
* Transportation

## Personal life

Port lives in Burnsville with her husband and two kids and serves as the Executive Director of a professional development nonprofit group. Since first contracting COVID-19 in 2020, Port has been battling long COVID and working remotely.
# Arnell Willis

Arnell Willis is an American professor, administrator, businessman, and politician in Arkansas. He lost a close Arkansas Senate primary election to Jack Crumbly that was litigated. He served as an alderman in Helena, Arkansas for four years. He served in the Arkansas House of Representatives. He is Baptist.
He was mayor of Helena-West Helena. He endowed a scholarship find at Shorter College.
# Stéphanie Rizzi

Stéphanie Rizzi (born 23 August 1981) is a French former professional tennis player.
A right-handed player from Grenoble, Rizzi spent her career on the ITF Circuit and reached a best ranking of 257 in the world. She won two ITF singles titles, including the $25k Les Contamines tournament in 2002.
Rizzi competed in the qualifying draw of the French Open on four occasions, without making it through to the main draw.

## ITF Circuit finals

* $25,000 tournaments
* $10,000 tournaments

### Singles: 6 (2–4)

| Result | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| Win | 1. | 21 May 2000 | ITF Casale Monferrato, Italy | Clay | Oana Elena Golimbioschi | 6–3, 7–6$^{(5)}$ |
| Loss | 1. | 19 May 2001 | ITF Turin, Italy | Clay | Marion Bartoli | 1–6, 1–6 |
| Loss | 2. | 11 November 2001 | ITF Villenave-d'Ornon, France | Clay (i) | Caroline Maes | 2–6, 6–4, 2–6 |
| Loss | 3. | 13 May 2002 | ITF Casale Monferrato, Italy | Clay | Natalia Gussoni | 4–6, 3–6 |
| Win | 2. | 21 July 2002 | ITF Les Contamines, France | Hard | Zsófia Gubacsi | 0–6, 7–5, 6–4 |
| Loss | 4. | 11 September 2005 | ITF Vessy, Switzerland | Clay | Tanja Ostertag | 4–6, 6–7$^{(17)}$ |

### Doubles: 4 (2–2)

| Result | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Loss | 1. | 13 April 1997 | ITF Calvi, France | Hard | Laëtitia Sanchez | Emmanuelle Curutchet Sophie Georges | 1–6, 1–6 |
| Win | 1. | 11 July 1999 | ITF Le Touquet, France | Clay | Aurélie Védy | Giana Gutiérrez Silvia Uricková | 6–3, 6–7, 6–4 |
| Win | 2. | 14 November 1999 | ITF Le Havre, France | Clay | Aurélie Védy | Anna Font Veronica Rizhik | 6–4, 6–4 |
| Loss | 2. | 27 January 2007 | ITF Grenoble, France | Hard | Karolina Kosińska | Shérazad Benamar Julie Coin | 6–1, 5–7, 4–6 |
# Romain Lejeune

Romain Lejeune (born 21 May 1991) is a French professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper. He previously played in Ligue 2 with Istres, and has also represented Wasquehal, Ivry, Fleury-Mérogis, Créteil, Athlético Marseille, SC Octeville-sur-Mer and Quevilly-Rouen.
# Bytkiv

Bytkiv (Ukrainian: Битків; Polish: Bitków) is a rural settlement in Nadvirna Raion, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ukraine. It belongs to Pasichna rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The population was 4,310 (2022 estimate).

## Location

Bytkiv is located 12 kilometers west of Nadvirna between Bystrytsia Nadvirnianska and Bystrytsia Solotvynska Rivers in the northeastern part of the Gorgany mountain range.

## History

Between 1772 and 1918 it was part of Austrian Galicia. After the end of World War I Bytkiv became part of Nadvirna Powiat in Stanisławów Voivodeship, part of Poland. In 1939 it was annexed by the Soviet Union. In 1940 it became an urban-type settlement.
Bitkiv was occupied by German troops during World War II from 1941 to 1944, part of the District of Galicia.
Since 2015, the head of the village council has been Vasyl Yosypovych Vintonyak.
Until 26 January 2024, Bytkiv was designated urban-type settlement. On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Bytkiv became a rural settlement.

## Economy

Oil and gas deposits are located in the area of Bytkiv. Since the end of the 19th century, oil has been produced in the settlement, with production peaking in 1925. During the 1920s and the 1930s, Bytkiv was the largest Galician oil producer after Boryslav.

## Education

Bytkiv has one school serving all education levels and two 1st level schools.

## Notable people

* Bohdan Beniuk, actor
* Roman Dytko, footballer
* Mykola Hobdych, choral conductor
* Roman Maksymyuk, footballer
# Marina Matulović-Dropulić

Marina Matulović-Dropulić (born 21 June 1942) is a Croatian politician who served as Minister of Spatial Planning, Construction and Housing in the cabinet of prime Minister Zlatko Mateša from 1995 until 1996, and as Minister of Construction, Spatial Planning and Environment in the two cabinets of Ivo Sanader from 2003 until 2009, as well as the cabinet of Jadranka Kosor until 2010. Furthermore, Matulović-Dropulić served as the 49th Mayor of Zagreb, becoming the first woman in the city's history to hold that post. She was initially appointed to the post in 1996 by President Franjo Tuđman, who had refused to appoint four other candidates elected by the city council to serve as the mayor, an incident known as the Zagreb crisis. She was once more elected mayor in 1997 and served until 2000. She is a member of the Croatian Democratic Union party.

## Biography

Marina Matulović was born on 21 June 1942 in Zagreb.
She acquired her degree in architecture from the University of Zagreb in 1967 and worked in a number of positions in the construction business, including being the technical director of GK Međimurje, as well as of the Department of Building Construction of the Institute of Construction in Zagreb.
From 1985 until 1990 she was the chairwoman of the Zagreb's Committee for Construction, Housing and Public utilities. In 1990 she became the deputy chairwoman of Zagreb's Executive Committee under Mladen Vedriš. In 1993 Matučović-Dropulić became the Deputy Mayor of Zagreb, during the term of Mayor Branko Mikša.
In 1995 she became a government minister in the cabinet of Zlatko Mateša, holding the portfolio of Spatial Planning, Construction and Housing. She served in that position until President Franjo Tuđman appointed her as mayor of Zagreb in December 1996. Tuđman, however, had already appointed her as mayor on 2 March 1996, but the city council had refused to endorse such a move. Namely, before the appointment of Matulović-Dropulić herself, Tuđman had already refused to endorse two candidates elected to the mayorship by the city council: Goran Granić and Jozo Radoš and a further two candidates were rejected by him after the council refused to back Matulović-Dropulić: Ivo Škrabalo and Dražen Budiša. She was thus only confirmed as mayor in late 1996 after city council members from the Croatian Peasant Party sided with the Croatian Democratic Union.
In the 2000 election she was elected a member of Croatian Parliament and served until December 2003, when she was once more appointed a government minister, this time in the newly formed cabinet of Ivo Sanader, and again taking up the portfolio of Construction, Spatial Planning and Environment. She remained in her post after Sanader formed second cabinet following the 2007 parliamentary election. When Sanader resigned in July 2009 she remained a minister in the cabinet of his successor as Prime Minister, Jadranka Kosor. Her tenure as minister ended after Kosor conducted a cabinet reshuffle in December 2010. She was succeeded by Branko Bačić.

## Personal life

She is married to Duško Dropulić and they have one daughter, Morana.