OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Saint-Gaudens Bears

The Saint-Gaudens Bears are a professional rugby league club based in the town of Saint-Gaudens, in the Haute-Garonne region of south-western France. They play in the Super XIII. The club was formed in 1958. They have won the French rugby league championship on four occasions and lifted the Lord Derby Cup three times. Their home ground is the Stade Jules Ribet.

## History

The club was founded in 1958 as Racing Club Saint-Gaudinois Comminges XIII. It was during the 1960s and early 1970s that they enjoyed their best spell. Having been runners up in the league on four occasions 1963, 66, 67 and 69 they finally won it in 1970 when they beat the favourites XIII Catalan 33–10. Two more runners up spots in 1971 and 72 showed that they were consistent if not successful. In 1973 they lifted the cup in their first appearance in the final, beating AS Carcassonne on their own ground 22–8. The following season brought more silverware when they won the title again. There then followed a lean period, in fact it would be 27 years before any more success occurred but in that season of 1990-91 they registered a league and cup double. In the cup they beat Pia XIII 30-4 and the league was won thanks to a 10–8 win against US Villeneuve. They retained the cup the following season beating RC Carpentras 22–10 in the final. The league title was won again in 2004 a year after finishing runner up. The 2004 final in Perpignan was won against Union Treiziste Catalane 14–10. A steady decline began after this and the club finished bottom of the league in both 2009 and 2010 escaping relegation but in 2011 the club was relegated to the Elite Two Championship After five seasons in the 2nd tier they were promoted back to the top division when the league was increased.

## Stadium

The club have always played at the Stade Jules Ribet. Rugby had been played at the venue since 1898, it currently has a main stand that seats 2,000 with a total capacity of 5,000. On 23 November 2011 the ground hosted an under 19 game between France and the touring Australians the visitors winning 40-12

## Current squad

As of June 2024
* Guillamume Arreou
* Joris Beranger
* Kylian Bernoville
* Gabriel Bosucayrol
* Dorian Brioux
* Hnaloan Budden
* Alexandre Caparros
* Fassely Coulibaly
* Valentin Dumas
* Mitchell Garbutt
* Guillaume Gorka
* Estaban Hermosilla
* / Harrison Le Bursicot
* Thomas Lucas
* Kuni Minga
* Isaac Misky
* Connor Moore
* Hugo Multignier
* Mathieu Pons
* Quentin Quemener
* Maxime Ramos
* Mickael Sabour
* Cedric Sentenac
* Lasarusa Tabu
* Benoit Talazac
* Benjamin Vizcay
* Corey Willis

## Honours

* French Rugby League Championship (4): 1969–70, 1973–74, 1990–91, 2003-4
* Lord Derby Cup (3): 1973, 1991, 1992
# Seyyed Ahmadi, Fars

Seyyed Ahmadi (Persian: سيداحمدي, also Romanized as Seyyed Aḩmadī) is a village in Qeshlaq Rural District, in the Central District of Khorrambid County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 142, in 33 families.
# Shutter button

In photography, the shutter-release button (s just shutter release or shutter button) is a push-button found on many cameras, used to record photographs. When pressed, the shutter of the camera is "released", so that it opens to capture a picture, and then closes, allowing an exposure time as determined by the shutter speed setting (which may be automatic). Some cameras also utilize an electronic shutter, as opposed to a mechanical shutter.
The shutter-release button is one of the most basic features of a dedicated handheld camera. Mobile devices such as modern smartphones have a touchscreen button for capturing photos, but also have a physical shutter button as well, as the sound volume buttons are used as such, with exception of some phones having a dedicated shutter button.
The term "release" comes from old mechanical shutters that were "cocked" or "tensioned" by one lever, and then "released" by another. In modern or digital photography, this notion is less meaningful, so the term "shutter button" or simply "capture button" is more used.
# Thais Blatnik

Thais F. O'Donnell Shuler Blatnik (November 20, 1919 – December 9, 2015) was an American journalist and politician who served in both chambers of the West Virginia Legislature.

## Early life and education

Born in Wheeling, West Virginia, Blatnik grew up in Weirton, West Virginia. She graduated from West Liberty University.

## Career

Blatnik worked as a reporter for the Weirton Daily Times, The Wheeling Intelligencer, and as an editor for the Dominion Post. Blatnik served in the West Virginia House of Delegates from 1977 to 1978 and again from 1980 to 1986. She then served in the West Virginia Senate from 1989 to 1996 as a Democrat.

## Personal life

Blatnik died in Wheeling, West Virginia. Her granddaughter, Amy Shuler Goodwin, is the mayor of Charleston, West Virginia.
# István Szabó (canoeist)

István Szabó (born 15 June 1950) is a Hungarian sprint canoeist who competed from the early 1970s to the mid-1980s. Competing in three Summer Olympics, he won two medals in the K-2 1000 m event with a silver in 1980 and a bronze in 1976.
Szabó also won sixteen medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with five golds (K-1 4 x 500 m: 1971, K-2 1000 m: 1974, 1977; K-2 10000 m: 1975, 1978), six silvers (K-2 1000 m: 1979, K-2 10000 m: 1977, 1981, 1983, 1985, K-4 10000 m: 1974), and five bronzes (K-2 1000 m: 1978, K-2 10000 m: 1982, K-4 1000 m: 1970, 1971, 1975).
# Historical Archive of Niš

The Historical Archive of Niš (Serbian Cyrillic: Историјски архив Ниш) is the primary institution responsible for preservation of archival materials in the Nišava District located in Niš, Serbia. The archive is primarily covering municipalities of Niš, Merošina, Sokobanja, Ražanj, Doljevac, Aleksinac, Svrljig and Gadžin Han. The oldest documents kept at the archive are related to Habsburg occupation of Serbia in 1730s.
# Iranian Rail Industries Development Co

Iranian Rail Industries Development Co (IRICO) (Persian: ایریکو, Iriku) is an Iranian manufacturer of passenger rolling stock. The company was founded in 2003 and began series production of rail vehicles in 2009. The company has several license manufactured rolling stock in cooperation such as Hyundai Rotem, Siemens, Stadler & CRRC Puzhen.

## History

Iranian Rail Industries Development Co (IRICO) was founded in with the aim of domestic manufacture of rolling stock including metro, suburban, light rail and monorail vehicles. A $45 million investment established a factory in Abhar, Zanjan province Iran.
Production at the plant began in February 2009 after a formal inauguration in December 2008; at inception the plant had a capacity of 100 vehicles p.a. with single shift working.
In 2004 Rotem entered into a technology transfer and manufacturing agreement (value €110 million) with IRICO for the supply of passenger trainsets; 24 units were to manufactured by Rotem in 2006, 24 assembled from CKD kits by IRICO, and the remainder manufactured by IRICO with Rotem assistance. The trains were manufactured for the Raja Passenger Train Company.
In 2010 IRICO won a contract to supply 135 vehicles for the Shiraz Metro.
In March 2016 IRICO was acquired by IGG Group.
The DMU contract was extended in December 2017 to another contract for supplying 450 DMU cars for increasing passenger transportation capacity of Iran. The first 150 vehicles will be built at Hyundai Rotem's plant in Changwon, Korea. The remaining 300 vehicles will be assembled locally by Iranian Rail Industries Development (IRICO). All 450 cars will be delivered within 78 months of contract signing. has been awarded a $US 856 million contract by Iranian Islamic Republic Railways (RAI Archived 2021-05-20 at the Wayback Machine) to supply 150 three-car DMUs.
# Mitotoxin

A mitotoxin is a cytotoxic molecule targeted to specific cells by a mitogen. Generally found in snake venom. Mitotoxins are responsible for mediating cell death by interfering with protein or DNA synthesis. Some mechanisms by which mitotoxins can interfere with DNA or protein synthesis include the inactivation of ribosomes or the inhibition of complexes in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. These toxins have a very high affinity and level of specificity for the receptors that they bind to. Mitotoxins bind to receptors on cell surfaces and are then internalized into cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Once in the endosome, the receptor releases its ligand and a mitotoxin can mediate cell death.
There are different classes of mitotoxins, each acting on a different type of cell or system. The mitotoxin classes that have been identified thus far include: interleukin-based, transferrin based, epidermal growth factor-based, nerve growth factor-based, insulin-like growth factor-I-based, and fibroblast growth factor-based mitotoxins. Because of the high affinity and specificity of mitotoxin binding, they present the possibility of creating precise therapeutic agents. A major one of these possibilities is the potential usage of growth factor-based mitotoxins as anti-neoplastic agents that can modulate the growth of melanomas.
# Denis Lian

Denis Lian (Traditional Chinese: 練建勝; born 8 March 1972) is a racing driver from Singapore.

## Biography

Lian began his career in Australian club racing, driving a Subaru Impreza. In 1999 he was invited to compete in Asian Formula 2000 by the series promoter, finishing 5th on debut. Lian finished third in the championship in his first full season in 2001, and won the title the following year. In 2005, he moved to Europe to contest a partial season in Formula Palmer Audi, finishing inside the top-five in all entered races and placing 13th in the final standings. He returned to Asia in 2006 to contest the Formula V6 Asia championship, finishing 7th overall.
In late-2006, Lian was selected to compete for Singapore in A1 Grand Prix. He was entered in the first round at Zandvoort, but was replaced with Christian Murchison having contracted tonsilitis between practice and qualifying. Lian returned to the seat a week later in Brno, but qualified second-last and spun on the opening lap of the feature race. He was replaced with Murchison for the following round in Beijing, and was later fired when the series' parent company A1 Holdings took control of the team having fallen into financial difficulties.
Lian later contested two seasons of the Asian Le Mans Series in the minnow Group CN class, winning the two-car class in the 2015–16 season. He also competed in handful of rounds in Lamborghini Super Trofeo Asia in 2013, and has raced in various editions of the Merdeka Endurance Race. Outside of the driving seat, Lian has managed the Singapore branches of Lotus Cars and McLaren Automotive, and was appointed CEO of Johor Motorsports in 2015.

## Results
### Summary

| Season | Series | Position | Car | Team |
| 1999 | Formula Asia | 5th | Argo–Ford AF2000 | N/A |
| 2000 | Formula Asia | 4th | Argo–Ford AF2000 | N/A |
| 2001 | Formula Asia | 3rd | Argo–Ford AF2000 | N/A |
| 2002 | Formula Asia | 1st | Argo–Ford AF2000 | N/A |
| 2005 | Formula Palmer Audi | 13th | Van Diemen–Audi FPA | MotorSport Vision |
| 2006 | Formula V6 Asia by Renault Series | 7th | Tatuus–Nissan | Racing for Singapore |
| 2006–07 | A1 Grand Prix | 20th | Lola–Zytek B05/52 | A1 Team Singapore |
| 2014 | Asian Le Mans Series – Class CN | 2nd | Wolf–Honda GB08 | Team Avelon Formula |
| 2015–16 | Asian Le Mans Series – Class CN | 1st | Wolf–Honda GB08 | Avelon Formula |

### Complete A1 Grand Prix results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
| Year | Entrant | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | DC | Points |
| 2006–07 | Singapore | NED SPR PO | NED FEA PO | CZE SPR 18 | CZE FEA 19 | CHN SPR | CHN FEA | MYS SPR | MYS FEA | IDN SPR | IDN FEA | NZL SPR | NZL FEA | AUS SPR | AUS FEA | RSA SPR | RSA FEA | MEX SPR | MEX FEA | CHN SPR | CHN FEA | GBR SPR | GBR SPR | 20th | 3 |
# Qalkhani Rural District

Qalkhani Rural District (Persian: دهستان قلخاني) is in Gahvareh District of Dalahu County, Kermanshah province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Zavoleh-ye Olya.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 9,354 in 1,954 households. There were 8,050 inhabitants in 1,974 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 6,957 in 1,864 households. The most populous of its 54 villages was Azmeh Miran, with 633 people.
# Tile, Marble, Terrazzo, Finishers', Shopworkers' and Granite Cutters' International Union

The Tile, Marble, Terrazzo, Finishers', Shopworkers' and Granite Cutters' International Union (TMT) was a labor union representing construction workers who used marble and similar decorative materials, in the United States and Canada.

## History

The union was founded in 1901 as the International Association of Marble Workers in Detroit, United States. On January 11, 1902, it was chartered by the American Federation of Labor. By 1925, it had 4,500 members, and had expanded its jurisdiction beyond marble workers, to include tile, marble and terazzo setters' helpers, against the opposition of the International Hod Carriers' and Building Laborers' Union.
The union's name was gradually lengthened, until in 1931, it became the International Association of Marble, Slate and Stone Polishers, Rubbers and Sawyers, Tile and Marble Setters' Helpers and Terrazzo Helpers. Under this name, it affiliated to the new AFL-CIO in 1955, and by 1957, it had 8,200 members.
In 1976, the union became the Tile, Marble, Terrazzo, Finishers and Shopmen International Union, and in 1980, it absorbed the Granite Cutters' International Association of America. It adopted its final name, and its membership reached 9,300. On November 11, 1988, it merged into the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America.

## Presidents

| Name | Term |
| William J. Grant | |
| Stephen C. Hogan | 1910s |
| James McGrane | 1920s |
| William McCarthy | 1920s |
| William Peitler | c.1960 |
| Wylie Lawhead | c.1970 |
| Pascal Di James | 1975 |
# Photocarcinogen

A photocarcinogen is a substance which causes cancer when an organism is exposed to it, then illuminated. Many chemicals that are not carcinogenic can be photocarcinogenic when combined with exposure to light, especially UV. This can easily be understood from a photochemical perspective: The reactivity of a chemical substance itself might be low, but after illumination it transitions to an excited state, which is chemically much more reactive and therefore potentially harmful to biological tissue and DNA. Light can also split photocarcinogens, releasing free radicals, whose unpaired electrons cause them to be extremely reactive.
The type of UV radiation determines the characteristics of photocarcinogenesis. For example, UVA radiation characteristically gives rise to reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide whereas UVB radiation correlates with CPD lesions. The ROS are produced when endogenous photosensitizers are stimulated by UVA radiation. DNA absorption of UV radiation primarily leads to CPD and 6-4 lesions. The neighboring pyrimidines form a cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer in a CPD lesion. DNA absorption of UV radiation can also lead to TC, CC, and TT lesions but with much less frequency. The failure of DNA repair mechanisms to fix such lesions notably characterizes photocarcinogenesis.
In addition, UV radiation often increases the production of cytokines such as interleukin-10 which indirectly hinder antigen presentation in cells. Moreover, UV radiation frequently leads to mutations in the tumor suppressor gene p53 in photocarcinogenesis.
Determination of photocarcinogenicity can be accomplished using different techniques, including epidemiological studies and in-vivo studies. In one in-vivo technique, hairless mice are exposed to suspected photocarcinogens, and are then exposed to different wavelengths of light, ranging from visible to UV-B. Tumor incidence is compared to control mice that have not been exposed to the drug or chemical being tested.
Melanin is not a photocarcinogen, because it dissipates the excitation energy into small amounts of heat (see photoprotection). Oxybenzone (a component of some sunscreens) is suspected owing to its skin penetrating qualities and its production of free radicals. One medication that has been proven to be photocarcinogenic is psoralen. This drug is used in photodynamic therapy for many inflammatory skin conditions, where the drug is combined with skin exposure to UV light. Epidemiological studies dating back to the 1970s have shown a strong association between psoralen treatment and skin cancer incidence 5 to 15 years afterwards. A logistic regression study has shown that there is a positive association between citrus consumption, both in the form of fruit and fruit juice, and risk of developing melanoma. This increased risk is most profound in fair-skinned individuals. The reason for this correlation is the high concentration of the photocarcinogenic compound psoralen in citrus fruits.
# Phosphopeptide

Phosphopeptides are modified self antigens which may induce an immune response.
Protein phosphorylation is a very important and frequent post-translational modification that can impact a protein's localization, stability, and whether or not it can dimerize or form stable bonds with other substances. It is vital to pinpoint which amino acid in the protein’s primary structure is being phosphorylated in order to understand the functions of a phosphopeptide. This is accomplished through phosphopeptide mapping, which involves digestion of a radioactively labeled protein, separation of phosphopeptide products, and finally analysis via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or mass spectrometry. Analysis of phosphopeptides can provide information about which amino acids are phosphorylated and how many sites on the primary sequence are phosphorylated.
Phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues is conserved during MHC class I and MHC class II antigen processing. Phosphopeptides are thus displayed on the surface of cells. As modified self antigens, they are potentially immunogenic when compared to unmodified self proteins as the immune cells (T-cells) which recognise them are possibly not subject to central tolerance mechanisms. This may contribute to the potential capability of phosophopeptides to serve as tumor antigens in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
# Nipissing District

Nipissing District is a district in Northeastern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. It was created in 1858. The district seat is North Bay.
In 2021, the population was 84,716. The land area is 16,986.20 square kilometres (6,558.41 sq mi); the population density was 5.0 per square kilometre (13/sq mi), making it one of the most densely populated districts in northern Ontario.

## History

The Sudbury District was created in 1894 from townships of eastern Algoma District and west Nipissing District. The Timiskaming District was created in 1912 from parts of Algoma, Nipissing, and Sudbury Districts.

## Subdivisions

City:
* North Bay
Towns:
* Mattawa
* Temagami
* West Nipissing
In addition, the eastern part of the town of Kearney is within Nipissing District, but the entire town is enumerated with the Parry Sound District.
Townships:
* Bonfield
* Calvin
* Chisholm
* East Ferris
* Mattawan
* Papineau-Cameron
* South Algonquin
Unorganized areas:
* North Part (Local services boards in this unorganized areas include Redbridge, Thorne, and Tilden Lake)
* South Part

### First Nation reserves

* Bear Island 1
* Nipissing 10

## Demographics

As a census division in the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Nipissing District had a population of 84,716 living in 37,252 of its 41,974 total private dwellings, a change of 1.9% from its 2016 population of 83,150. With a land area of 16,986.2 km$^2$ (6,558.4 sq mi), it had a population density of 5.0/km$^2$ (12.9/sq mi) in 2021.
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 34,541 | — |
| 1931 | 41,207 | +19.3% |
| 1941 | 43,315 | +5.1% |
| 1951 | 50,517 | +16.6% |
| 1956 | 60,452 | +19.7% |
| 1961 | 70,568 | +16.7% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1966 | 73,533 | +4.2% |
| 1971 | 78,867 | +7.3% |
| 1976 | 81,739 | +3.6% |
| 1981 | 80,268 | −1.8% |
| 1986 | 79,004 | −1.6% |
| 1991 | 84,723 | +7.2% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1996 | 84,832 | +0.1% |
| 2001 | 82,910 | −2.3% |
| 2006 | 84,688 | +2.1% |
| 2011 | 84,736 | +0.1% |
| 2016 | 83,150 | −1.9% |
| 2021 | 84,716 | +1.9% |
2011, 2006, and 2001 excludes census data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements. Population counts are not adjusted for boundary changes. Source: Statistics Canada :
# Battle of the River Dee

The Battle of the River Dee or the Battle of the River Cree, was fought on 29 June 1308 during the Scottish Wars of Independence near Buittle, on the banks of the River Dee or River Cree, Galloway, Scotland.
Sir Edward de Brus having been left in command in Galloway, Edward led a campaign in Galloway. Edward had defeated John St John during the Battle of Kirroughtree. He then turned his attention to the stronghold of Buittle Castle and the Balliol lands.
On 29 June 1308, the forces of Edward met a force commanded by Donald of Islay or Dungal MacDouall of Galloway and Sir Ingram de Umfraville and Sir Aymer de St John, on the banks of the River Dee at a ford on the River. The forces of MacDouall were routed with heavy losses.

## Location and identity of Gallovidian leader

The battle may have been fought near Buittle, on the banks of the River Dee, rather than the Cree as claimed by the Bruce. Specifically, Gesta Annalia II relates that a certain 'Donald of the Isles' led a host of Gallovidians to the River Dee, where they were defeated by Edward Bruce, and the leader was himself captured. Whilst it is possible that the defeated man mentioned by this source might refer to Donald of Islay, an apparent member of Clan Donald, another possibility is that it instead refers to Dungal MacDouall.
A later account of the battle, preserved by the fifteenth-century Scotichronicon, confusingly identifies 'Donald of the Isles' as leader of the Gallovidian forces, but then includes a verse about the clash in which a 'Donald of Islay' is identified as an ally of Edward Bruce. As such, there is reason to suspect that the Bruce-aligned 'Donald' mentioned by this source is identical to Donald of Islay, and that the Gallovidian-aligned 'Donald' is identical to Donald MacCann, a Gallovidian who consistently supported the English against the Bruces, and who disappears from record at about this point in history.
The account of Edward Bruce's campaigning against the Gallovidians, given by the Chronicle of Lanercost, states that his forces were partly composed of men from the Isles. The evidence of Donald of Islay in league with pro-Bruce forces could indicate that Gesta Annalia II was erroneous in placing him and the Islesmen against Edward Bruce's forces. One possibility is that the account given by Chronicle of Lanercost influenced Gesta Annalia II in its identification of Edward Bruce's foe as from the Isles.