OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vinialesaurus

Vinialesaurus is a genus of plesiosaur from the Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) Jagua Formation of Pinar del Río, Cuba. The combinatio nova of the type species is Vinialesaurus caroli, first described as the subspecies Cryptocleidus? cuervoi caroli by Ricardo De la Torre and Luis Rojas in 1949 under the holotype MNHNCu P 3008, and redescribed by Zulma Gasparini, Bardet and Iturralde in 2002. The authors of the 2002 paper considered Vinialesaurus distinct enough from Cryptocleidus to warrant its own genus, but it was a cryptoclidid.
The name Vinialesaurus honors Viñales, the town in western Cuba where the fossil of Vinialesaurus was discovered. The specific name honours the discoverer, Carlos de la Torre y Huerta. The holotype consists of the front skull, front lower jaws, and the anterior two vertebrae (atlas and axis). It was prepared in the American Museum of Natural History in 1991/1992.
# John Carroll Walsh

John Carroll Walsh (December 22, 1816 – December 1, 1894) was a politician and farmer from Baltimore. He served in the Maryland Senate in 1868 and from 1874 to 1876.

## Early life

John Carroll Walsh was born on December 22, 1816, in Baltimore to John Walsh. His father was an Irish immigrant and worked as a lumber dealer. Walsh was named after his father's friend, Archbishop John Carroll. At the age of 17, he moved to Fort Madison, Iowa, and purchased land in Iowa and Illinois. He remained in Iowa for four years. He graduated from Georgetown University and went west.

## Career

Walsh returned to Baltimore in 1840 and purchased "The Mound" and two other farms on Gunpowder River. He worked as a farmer.
Walsh was a Democrat. In 1864, Walsh became a member of the Democratic State Central Committee. In February 1866, Walsh was a member of a convention of Maryland representatives asking the state legislature to appeal or modify voter registration laws for people with Southern sympathies. Walsh served in the Maryland Senate, representing Harford County, in 1868 and again from 1874 to 1876. He served as president pro tempore of the senate in 1876. He was appointed to the Governor's staff and received the title of colonel for his service.
Walsh was a director of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. He helped found and served as a trustee of the Maryland Agricultural College. At one point, he worked with John Cox as an editor of The Aegis. He also served as president of the Mutual Fire Insurance Company of Harford County.

## Personal life

Walsh married Amanda Lee, daughter of Ralph Lee, of Harford County, Maryland. His wife predeceased him. They had three children, Ralph Lee, Harold and Mary Alice. He was a member of the Catholic Church.
Walsh died on December 1, 1894, at his "The Mound" home near Jerusalem Mills, Maryland. He was buried at Green Mount Cemetery in Baltimore.
# Samuel G. Babcock

Samuel Gavitt Babcock (October 8, 1851 – June 20, 1942) was an American bishop in the Episcopal Church, serving as Suffragan Bishop of Massachusetts between 1913 and 1938.

## Early life and education

Babcock was born on October 8, 1851, in Newport, Rhode Island, the son of Stanton Babcock and Sarah J. White. He was educated at the public schools of Newport, Rhode Island and Salem, Massachusetts, before attending Harvard University to study at the Episcopal Theological School, from where he graduated in 1891 with a Bachelor of Divinity. He was awarded a Doctor of Divinity by Brown University in 1915.

## Ordained ministry

Babcock was ordained deacon on January 13, 1877, and priest on September 28, 1891, by Bishop Thomas M. Clark of Rhode Island. During his diaconate he was active in local missionary work and served as assistant at Christ Church in Westerly, Rhode Island. After ordination to the priesthood, he served as curate of Grace Church in Providence, Rhode Island between 1891 and 1892, rector of Christ Church in Hyde Park, Massachusetts between 1892 and 1903, Archdeacon of New Bedford between 1899 and 1903, and then Archdeacon of Massachusetts from 1903 to 1913.

## Bishop

Bobcock was elected suffragan bishop of Massachusetts in 1913, and was consecrated on June 17, 1913, by the Bishop of Massachusetts William Lawrence. He retained the post till his retirement in 1938. He was the first Suffragan Bishop of Massachusetts and one of the first in the Episcopal Church. He died on June 20, 1942. His funeral was held in St Paul's Cathedra, Boston, where Bishop Henry Knox Sherrill was celebrant.
# Medelsvensson

In Sweden, Medelsvensson (literally "average Svensson", but commonly translated as "an average Swede") is a statistically average Swedish person, similar to Average Joe. Colloquially it way also be a humorous, mildly derogatory reference to a representative of the Swedish lower middle class. The surname Svensson itself may be used as a reference to an average Swede.

## Origins

Frans Lundgren described it as a "statistical fiction, medial metatype and political imagination". The name is traced back to the beginning of the 20th century when a joke character "herr Medelsvensson" appeared in newspapers and advertisements. Originally he was a corpulent upper-class man, but gradually he turned into a statistically averaged middle-class person. The name was used caricatures, exhibitions, and competitions for the most average family, as well as in statistical data. It is often claimed that the name went into mainstream since the Stockholm Exhibition of 1930. During these times Svensson was the most common Swedish surname.

## Who is Medelsvensson

The Statistical Yearbook of Sweden 2014 contains a whole section 25.1 Medelsvensson/ The average Swede. Before providing data about Medelsvensson, the Statistics Sweden gives some background.
   We at Statistics Sweden often get questions about who Medelsvensson is. You could say a lot about the woman Medelsvensson and the man Medelsvensson, likewise about the children in an average couple's relationship. But putting together an average "family" is more difficult because there is no way to identify via existing population registers cohabitation relationships. Sweden's average man and average woman do not live together as a family.
Based on statistics for 2009-2012, neither man nor woman Medelsvensson has the surname Svensson, and this surname was only 9th most common in Sweden. Medelsvennson man was 40 years old and woman 42 years old. His name was Karl Fredrik Johansson. Her name was Anna Maria Andersson. The section has several pages of various statistical data about Medelsvennsons Frederik and Anna.
There is a common saying that Medelsvensson has three V's: Villa, Volvo, and Vovve (doggy). However in 2012 the Statistics Sweden reported that while Medelsvensson family (whose surname was Johansson) did have villa, Volvo, but no dog.
# Giacomo Vighi

Giacomo Vighi (circa 1510–1570) was an Italian painter; he was active mainly in the court of the House of Savoy as a portrait painter.

## Biography

Vighi was born likely in Argenta, near Ferrara. He is said to have painted a loggetta in the tower of Santa Caterina in the Castello di Ferrara, depicting the then princes and princesses of the House of Este. In Turin, he became the official portrait painter of the Royal family. He traveled to France, Spain, Bohemia, and Saxony in this role. He was also commissioned by Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy, as a buyer for artworks for the Savoy Palaces. Two of his portraits, Emmanuel Philibert and Carlo Emanuele I, remain in the Galleria Sabauda.
# Bravehearted 2

Bravehearted 2 is the second studio album by American hip hop duo Bravehearts, who have served as New York City rapper Nas's entourage since the 1990s. The group used to consist of Jungle (Nas's younger brother), G-Wiz, Horse, Nashawn and later, Lakey the Kid, but due to personal differences the group split up, and now BraveHearts is currently a duo consisting of remaining members Jungle and Nashawn.
# Märt Kosemets

Märt Kosemets (born 25 January 1981) is a retired Estonian professional footballer, who last played in the Meistriliiga, for JK Viljandi Tulevik, whom he joined from Flora Tallinn after the 2005 season. He played the position of defender and midfielder. He is 1.80 m tall and weighs 67 kg.

## International career

He has made a total of 6 appearances for the Estonia national football team. He made his international debut in 2000.
# Total human ecosystem

Total human ecosystem (THE) is an ecocentric concept initially proposed by ecology professors Zeev Naveh and Arthur S. Lieberman in 1994.

## History of the concept

Naveh and Lieberman proposed a holistic, ecocentric concept of the total human ecosystem in order to study anthropocene ecology and improve land use planning and environmental management within an integrated and interdisciplinary approach. In Naveh's words, the total human ecosystem is "the highest co-evolutionary ecological entity on earth with landscapes as its concrete three-dimensional ‘Gestalt’ systems, forming the spatial and functional matrix for all organisms". This concept (or meta-concept) integrates human systems (the technosphere, but also in the conceptual space of human noosphere) and natural systems (the geophysical eco-space of the Earth biosphere).
Zev Naveh (1919-2011), the major contributor to this concept, was a professor in landscape ecology at the Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa. Until 1965 he worked as a range and pasture specialist in Israel and Tanzania. His research at the Technion was devoted to human impacts on Mediterranean landscapes, fire ecology and dynamic conservation management, and the introduction of drought resistant plants for multi-beneficial landscape restoration and beautification.
Almo Farina, who also developed the concept from 2000 onwards, is also a professor of ecology at the Urbino University, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, in Italy.

## Concepts and epistemology

The interaction and co-evolution of the human and natural ecosystem interactions are the driving forces for the current Earth system. The total human ecosystem meta-conceptional approach aims to integrate the bio-and geo-centric approaches, derived from the natural sciences, and the approaches derived from the social sciences and the humanities in order to prevent further environmental degradation and drive natural and human systems towards a sustainable future.
A natural ecosystem within this concept is solar energy powered, self-organizing and self-creating. The human ecosystem is fossil energy powered by high input and throughput, and can be divided into two sub-ecosystems: urban-industrial and agro-industrial. The ecosystem is realised in space as an ecotope and the system of ecotopes is the landscape: natural, semi-natural, urban-industrial are the tangible, three-dimensional physical systems. These form the total human ecosystem. The total human ecosystem also consists of the domain of information, perceptions (in landscape ecology this is the ecofield concept), knowledge, feeling and consciousness, enabling human (but also biological) self-awareness.
A special case of landscapes inside of the total human ecosystem are the cultural landscapes in which the relationships between human activity (as an effective, ecology-based, land or sea stewardship) have created ecological, socioeconomic and cultural patterns and feedback mechanisms that preserve biological and cultural diversity and maintain or even improve the ecosystem's resilience and resistance.
# Kristo Saage

Kristo Saage (born 2 February 1985) is an Estonian professional basketball player who plays for Tere Kadrina Karud of the Saku I Liiga. He is a 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in) tall point guard. He also represented the Estonian national basketball team internationally.

## Club career

Kristo Saage started his basketball career in hometown BC Rakvere Tarvas (then KK Rakvere) at the age of 17. In 2004 Saage signed a deal with Estonian top team BC Kalev/Cramo. He mainly played as a substitution player, who got about 20 minutes per game. With his 3 years spell with BC Kalev/Cramo he became the Estonian champion twice and the Estonian Basketball Cup winner once.
Saage moved to play basketball for BC Rakvere Tarvas once again, sharing his tenure at the first half of the season with now-defunct BC Fausto Tartu, averaging 13.0 points and 3.8 rebounds in 2006–07 season. The following season he spent in BC Kalev/Cramo as a benchboy, so after a year in Tallinn he rejoined BC Rakvere Tarvas.
After achieving Tarvas's highest place in the KML, Saage had an offer from abroad and on 3 January 2011 it was announced that his career continued in Lithuania with KK Kaunas, where he played until the end of the 2011–12 LKL season. After a successful national team summer he signed a contract with the University of Tartu.

## International career

Kristo Saage has represented Estonia since junior levels. He first came to prominence in 2004 when he played vital role beating strong Serbia and Montenegro U20, scoring 17 points and playing all 40 minutes. Since 2011 he has been included to Estonian senior team.

## Awards and accomplishments
### Professional career
#### Kalev/Cramo

* Estonian League champion: 2005
* 2× Estonian Cup champion: 2005, 2007

#### University of Tartu

* Estonian Cup champion: 2011
# William F. Bayless

William Finney Bayless (August 25, 1814 – February 23, 1873) was an American politician and farmer from Maryland. He served in the Maryland House of Delegates from 1860 to 1861 and the Maryland Senate in 1864.

## Early life

William Finney Bayless was born on August 25, 1814, at the Bayless homestead, near the Deer Creek Harmony Presbyterian Church, in Glenville, Maryland, to Mary (née Silver) and Zephaniah Bayless. He attended the private and classical schools in the area.

## Career

Bayless worked as a farmer. Bayless served in the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Harford County, from 1860 to July 1861. In 1863, Bayless was nominated by the Union Party for the Maryland Senate. He represented Harford County in the senate in 1864.
Bayless served as school commissioner in Harford County. He also served as president of the county board of school commissioners.
Bayless was a Presbyterian. Bayless helped build the Deer Creek Harmony Presbyterian Church. He served as trustee in 1839. He also served as secretary and treasurer of the church for 34 years. He was an elder and clerk of the church for 18 years, up until his death. He served as trustee and secretary of the board of the Churchville Presbyterian Church from January 1845 to April 1856.

## Personal life

Bayless married Eleanor Brooke on November 30, 1842. They had two children, Samuel Martin (born 1847) and Eleanor (1849–1862). Bayless married Sarah Elizabeth Hanna on June 1, 1853. They had six children, William Hanna (born 1854), John Zephaniah (born 1856), Oliver Parker (1861–1862), Mary Ellenor (born 1864), Betty (born 1865) and Lillian Jane (1870–1892).
Bayless died on February 23, 1873, at his home near Glenville. He was buried at Harmony Presbyterian Church in Havre de Grace, Maryland.
# Volta (film)

Volta is a 2004 action-adventure-comedy film directed by Wenn V. Deramas and starring Ai-Ai delas Alas as Volta. It was released under Star Cinema, ABS-CBN Film Productions. The story concerns an ordinary woman who was given the power of electricity and used this gift for the common good by becoming a caped crusader donning a red suit. The film would serve as the inspiration for 2008 TV series of the same name, albeit a different setting, storyline and a more comedic tone.

## Plot

Perla, a dressmaker who works for her siblings Percy and Penny, discovers she has superpowers after being struck by lightning three times. These powers, which allow her to generate heat and electricity with her hands, lead her to become the superhero Volta. Despite her siblings' resentment and blaming her powers for past mishaps, Perla finds guidance and encouragement from Ama, a ball of light with a human face. Ama teaches Perla to use her powers for good and manage them effectively.
Volta's main antagonist, Celphora, aims to harness Volta's powers for her Telstra Technology. She initially sends minions to lure Volta into revealing herself. Celphora then deceives Percy by posing as a workmate to extract his sister's secret and captures him and Penny to use as bait for Volta. Celphora demands that Volta transfer her powers in exchange for her siblings' freedom. Volta complies but ultimately kills Celphora with lightning using a steel rod. This leads to her siblings understanding the importance of Volta and Perla's sacrifice, resulting in a heartfelt reconciliation.

## Cast

* Ai-Ai delas Alas as Perla Magtoto / Volta
* Diether Ocampo as Lloyd Ventura
* Jean Garcia as Kelly Tanjuakio / Celphora
* Justin Cuyugan as Percy Magtoto
* Bobby Andrews as Oh-Vlading
* Onemig Bondoc as Oh-Blah-Blah
* Eugene Domingo as Nancy
* Boy Abunda as Ama
* Pauleen Luna as Penny Magtoto
* Chokoleit† as Denden
* Mura as 9 Volts
* Eddie Gil as President

### Cameo

* Sandara Park as herself
* Hero Angeles as himself
* Roxanne Guinoo as herself
* Joross Gamboa as himself
* Melissa Ricks as herself
* Laurenti Dyogi as himself
* JV Villar as TV reporter
* Randy Santiago as MTB host
* Mickey Ferriols as MTB host
* Piolo Pascual (from Milan)
* Claudine Barretto (from Milan)
* Hazel Ann Mendoza as young Perla
* John Manalo as young Percy
* Moreen Guesse as young Penny
# Edward Makin Cross

Edward Makin Cross (1880–1965) was a bishop of Spokane in The Episcopal Church. He had previously been rector of St. John the Evangelist in St. Paul, Minnesota. He was instrumental in the development of a summer camp on Lake Coeur d'Alene which is named for him.
# Kürdî

Kürdî is a scale in Turkish makam music. It is in 53 Tone Equal Temperament.

## Kürdî in 53-TET

Breakdown of the Kürdî Makam :
| Components | Note | Note | Western Note | Steps to following note | Cents from Durak note | Function |
| Kürdî tetrachord | Dügâh | Dügâh | A | B (4) | 0 | Durak |
| Kürdî tetrachord | Kürdî | Kürdî | B♭ | T (9) | 90.56 | |
| Kürdî tetrachord | Çârgâh | Çârgâh | C | T (9) | 294.33 | |
| Kürdî tetrachord | Neva | - | D | T (9) | 498.11 | Güçlü |
| Buselik pentachord | Neva | - | D | T (9) | 498.11 | Güçlü |
| Buselik pentachord | Hüseyni/Hisar | Hüseyni/Hisar | E | B (4) | 701.89 | |
| Buselik pentachord | Acem | Acem | F | T (9) | 792.45 | |
| Buselik pentachord | Gerdaniye | Gerdaniye | G | T (9) | 996.23 | |
| Buselik pentachord | Muhayyer | Muhayyer | A | - | 1200.00 | Tiz Durak |
The Kürdî makam has a higher extension, starting from Muhayyer, with the steps of the Kürdî tetrachord. The notes in that case are Muhayyer, Sümbüle, Tiz Çârgah, Tiz Neva.
This is equivalent to having a Buselik makam on top of Neva.

## Comparison with Western scales

Since the makam is based on 53-TET, it is impossible to directly tie it to 12-TET Western scales. However, using the 48-TET model, while worse than many other models in approximation, allows for such comparisons.
The approximation of Acemli Rast within 48-TET would be: Phrygian
# Gewandhaus Quartet

The Gewandhaus Quartet (German: Gewandhaus-Quartett) is a string quartet based in Leipzig. It was founded in 1808 by members of the Gewandhaus Orchester, as one of the first professional quartets in the world. In its more than 200-year history, they played many world premieres.

## History

In 1808, members of the Gewandhaus Orchester formed a string quartet, possibly following the model of the Schuppanzigh Quartet from Vienna, to play quartets mainly by Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven. Since then, it has been formed by concertmasters and players of the orchestra.

## Members

The original members were Heinrich August Matthäi (1781–1835), who is considered the quartet's founder, Bartolomeo Campagnoli (1751–1827), who was concertmaster at the time, violist Johann Georg Hermann Voigt (1769–1811) and cellist Friedrich Dotzauer (1783–1860). After Matthäi died in 1835, Ferdinand David (1810–1873) succeeded him, both as quartet primariu and as concertmaster.
In the course of its 200-year history, which was interrupted only shortly after the Second World War, the quartet had over 100 members. Important members were Carl Traugott Queisser (1800–1846), Joseph Joachim (1831–1907), Engelbert Röntgen (1829–1897), Julius Klengel (1859–1933), Gerhard Bosse (1922–2012) and Karl Suske (born in 1934).
In addition, the quartet has performed with important other soloists, including Clara Schumann, Johannes Brahms, Edvard Grieg, Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy, Arthur Nikisch.
As of 2020 the members are:
* Frank-Michael Erben
* Conrad Suske
* Anton Jivaev
* Léonard Frey-Maibach

## Premieres

Claudius Böhm, who has researched the history of the quartet, argues that the Gewandhaus Quartet most likely played the world premiere of Beethoven's String Quartet, Op. 74, also Mendelssohn's string quartets, in D major, Op. 32, and in E flat major, Op. 44/3. They probably performed Schumann's String Quartet in A minor Op. 41/1 as well as his Piano Quintet in E flat major, Op. 44, and his Piano Quartet in E flat major, Op. 47. Further premiered compositions were by Niels Gade, Louis Spohr, Ignacy Feliks Dobrzyński, Anton Rubinstein, Max Bruch, Salomon Jadassohn, Ethel Smyth, Felix Weingartner, Hermann Ambrosius, Antonín Dvořák, Siegfried Thiele, Günter Kochan, and others.

## Awards

* Preis der deutschen Schallplattenkritik
* Internationaler Mendelssohn-Preis zu Leipzig [de] 2014

## Sources

* Claudius Böhm: Das Gewandhaus-Quartett. Kamprad, Altenburg 2008.
# Priit Aavik

Priit Aavik (born 7 November 1994) is an Estonian swimmer. He represent Saaremaa at the Island Games since 2009.
# Susan Edmondson

Susan Edmondson (born 21 February 1956) is a British former swimmer. Edmondson competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics and the 1976 Summer Olympics. The 1976 British Olympic team for the Women's 200 m freestyle - Swimming event included Susan Barnard, Ann Bradshaw and Edmondson.
She also represented England and won a bronze medal in the 4 x 100 metres freestyle relay, at the 1974 British Commonwealth Games in Christchurch, New Zealand.
# Marco Lukka

Marco Lukka (born 4 December 1996) is an Estonian professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Meistriliiga club Flora and the Estonia national team.

## International career

Lukka made his senior international debut for Estonia on 5 September 2021, in a 0–1 home loss to Northern Ireland.

## Honours
### Club
#### Flora

* Meistriliiga: 2020, 2020
* Estonian Cup: 2019–20
# Daggar Tehsil

Daggar is a tehsil located in Buner District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The population is 355,692 according to the 2017 census.

## Notable People

* Said Rahim (born 1950) - politician
# List of ambassadors of Andorra to France

The Andorran ambassador to France is the official diplomatic officer of Andorra to France, and has been occupied by the following persons:

## List of heads of mission

| designated | accredited | ambassador | Observation | List of heads of government of Andorra | President of France | Term end |
| 1994 | | Xavier Espot Miró [ca] | | Òscar Ribas Reig | François Mitterrand | January 16, 1995 |
| April 6, 1995 | May 4, 1995 | Meritxell Mateu i Pi | | Marc Forné Molné | Jacques Chirac | |
| July 14, 1999 | November 2, 1999 | Imma Tor Faus | | Marc Forné Molné | Jacques Chirac | |
| July 25, 2007 | November 19, 2007 | Vicenç Mateu Zamora | | Albert Pintat | Nicolas Sarkozy | |
| October 7, 2009 | January 15, 2010 | Julià Vila Coma | May 3, 2004: Permanent Representative of Andorra to the United Nations, Julià Vila Coma, presented his credentials today to Secretary-General | Jaume Bartumeu | Nicolas Sarkozy | |
| September 14, 2011 | July 11, 2012 | Maria Ubach i Font | | Antoni Martí | Nicolas Sarkozy | |
| 2015 | July 6, 2015 | Cristina Rodriguez Galán | | Antoni Martí | François Hollande | |
48°51′24″N 2°16′28″E﻿ / ﻿48.85667°N 2.274528°E﻿ / 48.85667; 2.274528