OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cloth of gold

Cloth of gold or gold cloth (Latin: Tela aurea) is a fabric woven with a gold-wrapped or spun weft—referred to as "a spirally spun gold strip". In most cases, the core yarn is silk, wrapped (filé) with a band or strip of high content gold. In rarer instances, fine linen and wool have been used as the core.

## History

While cloth of gold has been popular for ecclesiastical use for many centuries, the earliest mentions of the use of cloth of gold are found in Vedic texts of South Asia. Earlier uses can be traced back to Central and South Asia where ancient Irani peoples have mentioned use of a fabric woven with gold. In eastern Asia, Chinese weavers had also used the technique of weaving gold into silk fabrics to create designs. Under Henry VII of England, its use was reserved to royalty and higher levels of nobility. Cloth of gold continued to be the fabric of choice for royalty, nobility and the elite across the globe for centuries as a show of wealth and power. India continues the tradition as was recently demonstrated in the Ambani family weddings. It is also used today by companies such as Charvet for neckwear.
Few extant examples have survived in Roman provincial tombs. Later producers of cloth of gold include the Byzantine Empire and Medieval Italian weavers, particularly in Genoa, Venice and Lucca. Dating from the 1460s the Waterford cloth-of-gold vestments are made from Italian silk woven in Florence. The panels were embroidered in Bruges which was the centre of the medieval embroidery industry. A similar cloth of silver was also made. It is still made in India and Europe today.

### Use at Coronation of King Charles III

King Charles III re-used the Supertunica made from cloth of gold at his coronation on 6 May 2023. The full-length, sleeved coat is an important historic textile from the royal collection, weighing around two kilograms. It has been worn at several previous coronations in the United Kingdom.

## Other

* Cloth of gold is not to be confused with various goldwork embroidery techniques that date back to antiquity, though the type of goldwork thread called "passing" is identical to the weft thread of cloth of gold.
* Most modern metallic fabrics made in the West are known as lamé.
* Cloth of gold is a familiar name occasionally applied to the venomous Conus textile species of cone shell.
* Tilsent is a luxurious silken cloth interwoven with flattened threads of gold or silver.

## Images

* satin-weave cloth of gold, front
* satin-weave cloth-of-gold, back
* twill-weave cloth-of-gold, front
* twill-weave cloth-of-gold, back
# Frank Banfield

Frank Walter Banfield (14 August 1905 – 31 March 1970) was a British politician, who served on the London County Council and Greater London Council.
The youngest son of William Banfield, Frank followed him into the Labour Party and local politics in Fulham. He served on Fulham Metropolitan Borough Council for 26 years, and was Mayor of Fulham in 1952/53. He was elected in the 1946 London County Council election, representing Fulham West, and was vice chair of the council in 1953/54. He also served as chair of the council's river, drainage and sewerage committee, a role in which he began investigating the possibility of a Thames Barrier.
In 1955, the London County Council constituencies were reorganised, and Banfield moved to represent Barons Court, remaining there until the council was abolished in 1965. He became an alderman on its replacement, the Greater London Council, and contested Hammersmith at the 1970 Greater London Council election. He died suddenly, aged 64, during the election campaign, causing the election in the seat to be postponed. He was survived by his widow, Dorothy (née Clare) Banfield. In 1975, Frank Banfield Park was named for him.
# Qaleh-ye Harasam

Qaleh-ye Harasam (Persian: قلعه هرسم) is a village in, and the capital of, Harasam Rural District of Homeyl District, Eslamabad-e Gharb County, Kermanshah province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 698 in 152 households. The following census in 2011 counted 575 people in 149 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 368 people in 111 households.
# SMS Panther

SMS Panther may refer to:
* SMS Panther (1885), an Austro-Hungarian torpedo cruiser launched in 1885 and broken up in 1920
* SMS Panther (1901), a German gunboat launched in 1901 and scrapped in 1931
# Ryde Racine

RYDE Racine is a public transportation agency, operated by the city, serving the city of Racine and villages of Mount Pleasant, Caledonia, and Yorkville in southeastern Wisconsin.

## History

The city-owned transit system, which is also a member of the Southeast Wisconsin Transit System, maintains a fleet of buses operating on nine bus routes. The city also provides paratransit services, branded as Dial A Ride Transportation (DART).
In November 2010, First Transit replaced Professional Transit Management of Racine as the company to manage the city's bus system. It had managed Belle Urban System from 1996 until 2003 when the Racine City Council awarded the management contract to Professional Transit Management of Racine. Bus drivers and managers of the Racine system become city employees after this contract expired in 2022.
In 2017, the City of Racine changed the transit system's name from Belle Urban System to Ryde Racine, and added commuter bus service to Chicago and the North Shore suburbs through Coach USA.

## Ridership

| | Ridership | Change over previous year |
| 2013 | 1,395,324 | n/a |
| 2014 | 1,474,670 | 05.69% |
| 2015 | 1,364,547 | 07.47% |
| 2016 | 1,257,983 | 07.81% |
| 2017 | 1,211,699 | 03.68% |
| 2018 | 1,160,864 | 04.2% |
| 2019 | 1,041,115 | 010.32% |
| 2020 | 681,778 | 034.51% |
| 2021 | 518,515 | 023.9% |
| 2022 | 618,997 | 019.4% |
| 2023 | 1,037,031 | 040.32% |
# Rolf Johnsson

Rolf Johnsson (1 December 1889 – 3 June 1931) was a Swedish gymnast who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics. He was part of the Swedish team, which was able to win the gold medal in the gymnastics men's team event in 1908.
# Petine

Petine (Montenegrin and Serbian Cyrillic: Петине) is a small village in the municipality of Pljevlja, Montenegro.

## Demographics

According to the 2003 census, the village had a population of 75 people.
According to the 2011 census, its population was 40.
Ethnicity in 2011 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Serbs | 20 | 50.0% |
| Montenegrins | 18 | 45.0% |
| other/undeclared | 2 | 5.0% |
| Total | 40 | 100% |
# Mansuri Rural District

Mansuri Rural District (Persian: دهستان منصوری) is in Homeyl District of Eslamabad-e Gharb County, Kermanshah province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Darbid-e Mansuri.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 4,685 in 1,046 households. There were 4,045 inhabitants in 1,038 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 3,537 in 1,166 households. The most populous of its 35 villages was Garvani, with 513 people.
# Freycinetia

Freycinetia is one of the five extant genera in the flowering plant family Pandanaceae. As of November 2024, the genus comprises approximately 300 species. The type species is Freycinetia arborea.

## Description

Species of Freycinetia are woody lianas which climb by means of adventitious roots. The stem of the largest of them may reach up to 7 cm (2.8 in) diameter, but most are much smaller. Leaves are simple, long linear to ovate, sessile; they are arranged in three spirals and venation is parallel. Leaf margins are often toothed or with small spines; the underside of the midrib may also be toothed. Inflorescences are terminal on normal leafy shoots or specialised lateral shoots, and are branched (rarely unbranched) spadices. All species are dioecious, meaning that male and female flowers are borne on separate plants. The fruit is a berry, usually grouped into cylindrical or globose 'heads', often red in colour.

## Distribution

The species are distributed through the tropics and subtropics of Southeast Asia and Oceania. They are found in Sri Lanka, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Cambodia, Vietnam, Taiwan, the Ryukyu Islands, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, the Marianas, the Caroline Islands, New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Samoa, the Cook Islands, Fiji, Tonga, Hawaii, the Society Islands, the Australian states of the Northern Territory, Queensland and New South Wales, Norfolk Island, and New Zealand, as well as other smaller island groups throughout the Pacific.
They have been found growing in tropical forests, coastal forests, humid mountain forests and associated biomes, from sea level to mountains cloud forests.

## Taxonomy

The genus was created by French botanist Charles Gaudichaud-Beaupré in 1924 to accommodate plants he collected during an exploratory voyage of the Pacific between 1817 and 1820. He named it for Admiral Louis de Freycinet, the commander of the ship he sailed on.$^{:199}$ Initially, Gaudichaud included three species, namely F. aborea, F. radicans, and F. scandens.

## Species with articles

For a complete list of species, see List of Freycinetia species
* Freycinetia arborea Gaudich. – Pacific Islands
* Freycinetia excelsa F.Muell. – Australia, New Guinea
* Freycinetia marginata Blume – Australia, New Guinea
* Freycinetia multiflora Merr. – Philippines
* Freycinetia scandens Gaudich. – Australia, New Guinea, Malesia
* Freycinetia sumatrana Merr. – Indo-China, Malesia

## Gallery

* Freycinetia banksii
* Frecinetia aborea
* Frecinetia aborea fruit
* Freycinetia excelsa
* Freycinetia cumingiana
* Freycinetia elegantula
* Freycinetia marginata
* Freycinetia marginata with spadices
* Freycinetia luzonensis
# Galdino Teixeira de Barros Loreto

Galdino Teixeira de Barros Loreto was a Brazilian politician. He was interventor on the government of the state of Espírito Santo from December 8, 1891, to May 3, 1892 as part of a governing junta composed also of Inácio Henrique de Gouveia and Graciano dos Santos Neves.
# Godijevo

Godijevo (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Годијево) is a village in the municipality of Bijelo Polje, Montenegro.

## Demographics

According to the 2003 census, the village had a population of 636 people.
According to the 2011 census, its population was 478.
Ethnicity in 2011 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Bosniaks | 405 | 84.7% |
| Montenegrins | 9 | 1.9% |
| other/undeclared | 64 | 13.4% |
| Total | 478 | 100% |
# Kenilynn S. Zanetti

Kenilynn S. Zanetti is an American Democratic politician from Rock Springs, Wyoming. She represented the Sweetwater/H16 district in the Wyoming House of Representatives from 1995 to 2000.
# Mr. Lee (record producer)

Leroy Williams Jr., professionally known by his stage name Mr. Lee, is an American record producer and entrepreneur from Houston, Texas. He has produced several albums, which achieved platinum and gold status, such as Scarface's My Homies, 2Pac's Still I Rise, Paul Wall's The Peoples Champ. He was one of the in-house producers of Rap-A-Lot Records, and a founder and CEO of Noddfactor Entertainment.

## Partial production discography
### 1990s
#### 1997

* Too Much Trouble - Too Much Weight
* 5th Ward Boyz - Usual Suspects

#### 1998

* Scarface - My Homies
* Devin the Dude - The Dude
* Do or Die - Headz or Tailz
* Geto Boys - Da Good Da Bad & Da Ugly

#### 1999

* Yukmouth - Thugged Out: The Albulation
* Big Mike - Hard to Hit
* 2Pac & Outlawz - Still I Rise

### 2000s
#### 2000

* Scarface - The Last of a Dying Breed
* Do or Die - Victory
* Outlawz - Ride wit Us or Collide wit Us

#### 2001

* Yukmouth - Thug Lord: The New Testament

#### 2002

* Devin the Dude - Just Tryin' ta Live
* Outlawz - Neva Surrenda
* Hussein Fatal - Fatal
* Luniz - Silver & Black
* Big Syke - Big Syke
* Facemob - Silence

#### 2003

* Yukmouth - Godzilla
* Slim Thug & Lil' Keke - The Big Unit
* DMG - Black Roulette

#### 2004

* Z-Ro - The Life of Joseph W. McVey
* Boss Hogg Outlawz - Boyz-n-Blue

#### 2005

* Paul Wall - The Peoples Champ
* Lil' Flip & Z-Ro - Kings of the South
* Z-Ro - Let the Truth Be Told
* Bun B - Trill
* Slim Thug - Already Platinum

#### 2006

* Z-Ro - I'm Still Livin'
* Pimp C - Pimpalation
* Scarface - My Homies Part 2
* Trae tha Truth - Restless

#### 2007

* Trae tha Truth - Life Goes On
* Paul Wall - Get Money, Stay True
* Boss Hogg Outlawz - Serve & Collect

#### 2008

* Yukmouth - Million Dollar Mouthpiece
* Bun B - II Trill
* ABN - It Is What It Is
* Z-Ro - Crack
* Boss Hogg Outlawz - Back by Blockular Demand: Serve & Collect II
* Lil' Keke - Loved by Few, Hated by Many

#### 2009

* Slim Thug - Boss of All Bosses

### 2010s
#### 2010

* Slim Thug - Tha Thug Show

#### 2011

* Boss Hogg Outlawz - Serve & Collect III

#### 2012

* David Banner - Sex, Drugs & Video Games

#### 2013

* Slim Thug - Boss Life

#### 2014

* Z-Ro - The Crown

#### 2015

* Pimp C - Long Live the Pimp

#### 2018

* Nipsey Hussle - Victory Lap

### 2020s
#### 2021

* Drake – Certified Lover Boy
# Ford Forty-Nine

The Ford Forty-Nine was a concept car created by the Ford Motor Company. It was designed by Chip Foose and was first introduced at the 2001 North American International Auto Show. It was a tribute to the 1949 Ford. A convertible was also built, finished in red, but it was a static display vehicle and as such had no running gear.

## Engine and Design

The Ford Forty-Nine's engine was the same Jaguar AJ-V8 engine used in the Ford Thunderbird, a naturally aspirated 3.9 liter, DOHC, 32-valve V8. Power was sent to the rear wheels through a 5-speed automatic transmission.
# Homeyl

Homeyl (Persian: حميل; pronounced) is a city in, and the capital of, Homeyl District of Eslamabad-e Gharb County, Kermanshah province, Iran. It also serves as the administrative center for Homeyl Rural District.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 1,303 in 306 households. The following census in 2011 counted 1,363 people in 366 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 1,317 people in 377 households.
# Sinbo

Sinbo (Korean: 신보; Hanja: 申輔) was a minister who served the kings in Gaya confederacy. Queen Mojong who was the second wife of Geodeung of Geumgwan Gaya was his daughter. He served as government officer of Gaya confederacy. In 48, when Heo Hwang-ok came over from India to Gaya confederacy, he also came from India as an attendant of Heo Hwang-ok who married into Gaya confederacy.

## Family

* Daughter: Queen Mojong (Korean: 모정; Hanja: 慕貞)
# Lincoln Navicross

The Lincoln Navicross was a concept, created by Lincoln and presented at the 2003 Detroit Auto Show.
The vehicle featured styling elements similar to those of the Zephyr and MK9 concept car. Two chrome accent bars placed on the vehicle's left and right front fenders ran the full length of the vehicle as in the MK9 and Mark X concepts. The vehicle featured Lincoln's hallmark waterfall grille with the Lincoln emblem at its center. Much like the MKS concept models presented at the 2006 Detroit Auto Show, the Navicross featured center opening doors which according to Ford, gave "unrestricted ingress and egress to the luxurious interior." Center opening doorss also appeared in the Continental concept car and the MKS concept car.
The interior featured power adjustable, climate controlled leather seats along with a "symmetrical" dashboard that like other Lincoln concept models and the Zephyr production model featured both metal as well as more woodgrain trim.
The Navicross concept was 186.6" (4740 mm) long and featured 20" alloy wheels along with a supercharged 4.2 L V8. Permanent all wheel drive and Hill Descent Control (HDC) were among the technical highlights of the concept vehicle.
# Centre for Development, Environment and Policy at SOAS, University of London

Centre for Development, Environment and Policy ("CeDEP"), is a research and teaching centre based in the Department of Development Studies at SOAS University of London. Its specialism is in distance learning postgraduate qualifications in the subject areas of climate change, sustainability and development, placing emphasis on the need for informed professionals with inter-disciplinary skills and understanding to effectively tackle environmental issues, poverty, including their ethical, political, economic, social and technical dimensions. CeDEP's research covers climate change, energy, food systems and sustainability education. The current Director of CeDEP is Professor Thomas Tanner

## Background

The Centre for Development, Environment and Policy (CeDEP) has a 27-year history of distance and online learning, and was originally part of the University of London’s Wye College, then later becoming part of Imperial College, and since 2011 has been part of SOAS.

## Study programmes

As well as hosting PhD students, CeDEP offers Master's programmes on:
* MSc/PGDip/PGCert Climate Change and Development
* MSc/PGDip/PGCert Sustainable Development

## Research areas

The CeDEP's academic staff undertake research and support international PhD students. The areas covered by research are divided into main streams:
* Climate change and sustainability policy
* Resilience and climate change adaptation
* Low carbon energy transitions and policy
* Agricultural development, food systems and poverty reduction
* Education for sustainability

## Location

* CeDEP is hosted at SOAS, within the College of Development, Economics and Finance (CoDEF) at the Russell Square campus. Thornhaugh Street, Russell Square, London WC1H 0XG
* Historically, CeDEP was part of Wye College. The centre, then called DLP, offered several programmes and support to distance learners, then it became part of Imperial College London upon the merger with Wye College. The centre was hosted in Bexley House and Ian Carruthers House at the Imperial College campus in Wye, Ashford, Kent up until May 2011.

## Historical links

* Wye College
* Imperial College
# Luiza Saidiyeva

Luiza Saidiyeva (Kazakh: Луиза Сайдиева; born 17 March 1994) is a Kazakh competitive archer. She competed as a member of the Kazakh archery squad in major international tournaments, spanning the World Championships, Asian Championships, the 2014 Asian Games, and the 2016 Summer Olympics.

## Career

Saidiyeva was selected to compete for Kazakhstan in the women's individual recurve at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. There, she discharged a score of 625 points, 9 perfect tens, and 3 bull's eyes to seal the thirty-sixth seed in the classification stage, but could not get past Ukraine's Anastasia Pavlova from the opening round, abruptly ending her Olympic debut in a severe 0–6 defeat.
# Ripal Patel

Ripal Vinubhai Patel (born 28 September 1995) is an Indian cricketer. He made his List A debut on 24 September 2019, for Gujarat in the 2019–20 Vijay Hazare Trophy. He made his Twenty20 debut on 11 November 2019, for Gujarat in the 2019–20 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy.
In February 2021, Patel was bought by the Delhi Capitals in the IPL auction ahead of the 2021 Indian Premier League. On 4 October 2021, he made his debut in the Indian Premier League (IPL), against Chennai Super Kings, during the 50th match of 2021 Indian Premier League. In February 2022, he was bought by the Delhi Capitals in the auction for the 2022 Indian Premier League tournament.
# Columbio

Columbio, officially the Municipality of Columbio (Hiligaynon: Banwa sang Columbio; Ilocano: Ili ti Columbio; Maguindanaon: Inged nu Kulumbiu, Jawi: ايڠد نوکلومبيو; Tagalog: Bayan ng Columbio), is a municipality in Sultan Kudarat, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 33,527 people, making it the least populated municipality in the province.

## History

The municipality of Columbio was transferred from Cotabato Province to Province of Sultan Kudarat on November 22, 1973, by presidential decree 341 by President Ferdinand E. Marcos.

## Geography
### Barangays

Columbio is politically subdivided into 16 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks while some have sitios.
* Bantangan (Lasak)
* Datablao
* Eday
* Elbebe
* Lasak
* Libertad
* Lomoyon
* Makat (Sumali Pas)
* Maligaya
* Mayo
* Natividad
* Poblacion
* Polomolok
* Sinapulan
* Sucob
* Telafas

### Climate

Climate data for Columbio, Sultan Kudarat :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 31 (88) | 32 (90) | 31 (88) | 30 (86) | 29 (84) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 30 (87) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 23 (73) | 23 (73) | 23 (73) | 23 (73) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 23 (73) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 23 (73) | 23 (73) | 23 (74) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 59 (2.3) | 46 (1.8) | 41 (1.6) | 54 (2.1) | 105 (4.1) | 159 (6.3) | 179 (7.0) | 197 (7.8) | 162 (6.4) | 147 (5.8) | 102 (4.0) | 65 (2.6) | 1,316 (51.8) |
| Average rainy days | 12.3 | 11.7 | 12.2 | 14.5 | 22.6 | 25.6 | 26.6 | 27.5 | 25.5 | 26.0 | 21.2 | 16.0 | 241.7 |
| Source: Meteoblue (modeled/calculated data, not measured locally) ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

Columbio is inhabited by ethnolinguistic groups such as the Hiligaynons, Ilocanos, Cebuanos, Blaan and Maguindanaon. Ilocanos and Hiligaynons are the only inhabitants of the town not native to Mindanao. They speak and understand their respective languages and even communicate with one's own language to the other despite not mutually intelligible to each other. Maguindanaon, Blaan and Cebuano are also spoken by these respective ethnic groups and understood also by Ilocanos and Hiligaynons as well in the municipality. Everyone in the municipality also speak Tagalog.

## Economy

Poverty incidence of Columbio
* 10
* 20
* 30
* 40
* 50
* 60
* 2006 45.50
* 2009 54.41
* 2012 54.67
* 2015 50.27
* 2018 36.20
* 2021 44.99
* Source: Philippine Statistics Authority