OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# James E. Stewart (politician)

James E. Stewart (December 9, 1814 – July 18, 1890) was a nineteenth-century American politician from Virginia.

## Early and family life

Stewart was born in Berkeley County, Virginia in 1814. He graduated from Washington and Jefferson College further along the National Road in Washington, Pennsylvania, then studied law in Baltimore, Maryland.

## Career

After admission to the bar, Stewart practiced law in various counties in what later became known as the Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia. Berkeley County voters elected Stewart as one of their (part-time) representatives In the Virginia House of Delegates in 1847. He served alongside veteran Thomas Brown, but in 1848 voters instead elected veteran lawyer-delegate Charles J. Faulkner and William L. Boak (who were both in turn replaced in 1849).
In 1850, voters in Frederick, Hampshire and Morgan counties elected Stewart as one of their four delegates to the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1850. He served alongside veteran Thomas Sloan, Richard E. Byrd and Charles Blue.
Following a two-year stint as editor of the Martinsburg Virginia (WV) Gazette, Stewart held a job in the Federal Government in Washington, DC until the outbreak of the American Civil War.
During the American Civil War in 1863, Stewart relocated to Page County, Virginia. There he published the weekly Page Courier in 1870, He was elected a county judge in 1873, and he held the position for many years.

## Death

James E. Stewart died in Virginia on July 18, 1890.
# Reducing Machine

A reducing machine was a type of pantograph lathe used until the 21st century to manufacture coin dies. Prior to the machine's introduction, designs were cut by hand into metal dies by a specialist engraver. The reducing machine changed this by allowing artists to create designs on a larger surface area and then have them scaled down and cut into a die automatically. The most successful version of the machine, created by Victor Janvier, was used by mints all around the world, including the US Mint, which operated one as late as 2008, when it was replaced by CNC milling machines.

## History
### Contamin pantograph

From 1836 to 1867 the US Mint operated the first die-engraving pantograph invented by a now forgotten French inventor whom the machine is named after. It used a rotating cutter to copy a design.

### Hill pantograph

During the mid 1800s Englishman C. J. Hill developed a variation of the Contamin whereby the electrotype was traced horizontally using a treadle. Hill sold his idea to William Wyon, the then chief engraver at the Royal Mint who sold a machine to the US Mint in September 1867.

### Janvier reducing machine

In 1899, French engraver Victor Janvier patented a design which solved the inefficiency problem. By using twin cone belt drives that pointed in opposite directions dies could be cut much faster by increasing the speed as the cutting point moved outwards. After several days a reduction punch is produced, which is then used to produce working dies. Machines using Janvier's improved design were bought by the British Royal Mint in 1901 and by the US Mint in 1907.
# Robert B. Tabb

Robert Bruce Tabb (August 10, 1833 - November 12, 1906) was a doctor and state legislator in Virginia. He represented Norfolk County, Virginia, in the 1883-1884 session.

## Biography

He was born August 10, 1833, in Elizabeth City County, Virginia, to John and Mary Anne Veale Tabb. His mother died October 21, 1842, and his father died December 85, 1860. He was of Caucasian descent.
He graduated with an M.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1855. He then started working as a doctor in Camden County, North Carolina
At the start of the American Civil War he enlisted with the Bourrough's cavalry battalion later joining the 15th Virginia Regiment and he was wounded and removed from active duty on November 10, 1862, but continued to serve as a doctor in the hospital.
He married Elizabeth Anne Warden April 25, 1861, who had been born in 1837 and died in 1891 and together they had several children.
After the war they moved to Norfolk County and he worked as both a doctor and a farmer.
He was elected to represent Norfolk County, Virginia, as a Democrat in 1883 and served in the Virginia House of Delegates in the 1883-1884 session, serving on the Asylums and Prisons, Labor and the Poor and Retrenchment and the Economy committees.
Tabb was offered the nomination to serve in the house of delegates again for Norfolk county in 1887 but declined due to "the force of circumstances, unnecessary to mention".
He also served on the Norfolk County School Board and was an elections judge for Indian Creek, Norfolk County.
He died November 12, 1906, after suffering a long illness at the house of his daughter Mrs Charles A. Stewart in Falls Church, Virginia. He was buried at Oak Hill Cemetery.
# Hajji Ahmed the Ducat Minter's Mosque

The Hajji Ahmed the Ducat Minter's Mosque (Bosnian: Džamija Hadži Ahmeta Dukatara) is one of the most easily recognizable architectural symbols of Livno, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Mosque complex

Mosque complex Glavica (in the picture on the left) with the Hajji Ahmed the Ducat Minter's Mosque (more commonly known as the Glavica ("Head") Mosque, called after the knap above town on which is erected) is one of the most recognizable architectural symbols of Livno and national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Built in 1574 (some date to 1587), it is situated on a hill overlooking old town of livno, the river Bistrica and the spring Duman in the upper section of the old town of Livno. The mosque complex consists of compact main building of the mosque under a dome and uncharacteristically short minaret, with a clock tower which was erected some 100 years later, between 1670 and 1680. but more likely in 1659. It is still in function today, and finally within perimeter is almost 500 years old necropolis with characteristic early Bosnian Muslim tombstones and later ones.
On 25 April 2022, the mosque hosted an iftar (breaking of the Ramadan fast) attended by Turkish Parliament Speaker Mustafa Şentop during his two-day official visit to Bosnia and Herzegovina.
# Basin-hopping

In applied mathematics, Basin-hopping is a global optimization technique that iterates by performing random perturbation of coordinates, performing local optimization, and accepting or rejecting new coordinates based on a minimized function value. The algorithm was described in 1997 by David J. Wales and Jonathan Doye. It is a particularly useful algorithm for global optimization in very high-dimensional landscapes, such as finding the minimum energy structure for molecules. The method is inspired from Monte-Carlo Minimization first suggested by Li and Scheraga.
# Ab Garm, Rabor

Ab Garm (Persian: ابگرم, also Romanized as Āb Garm) is a village in Hanza Rural District, Hanza District, Rabor County, Kerman province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 37, in 6 families. It is a populated place – a city, town, village, or other agglomeration of buildings where people live and work.
# Victoria Village, Westmount

Victoria Village (French: Village Victoria, pronounced) is a commercial and residential neighbourhood in the southwest corner of the city of Westmount, in Greater Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Victoria Village's commerce is centred along Sherbrooke Street and Victoria Avenue; some other businesses are located on Prince Albert Avenue, Claremont Avenue, and Somerville Avenue.
The neighbourhood features a variety of businesses including restaurants, coffee shops, grocers, and clothing stores, many of which are independent. Some higher-end outlets are now also located in Victoria Village. Outdoor gear manufacturer Arc'teryx opened its first compact "Arc'type" location in Canada in the neighbourhood in 2021, followed by Canada's first Vilebrequin swimwear store in 2022.
The Westmount Park and Public Library are located near Victoria Village to the east. On the west, the neighbourhood extends to the Montreal border, where it meets the district of Notre-Dame-de-Grâce (NDG). Le Sud-Ouest borders it to the south, beyond the former train station and across the Canadian Pacific Railway tracks. Vendôme station in NDG provides the Montreal Metro's closest access to the neighbourhood, and it is also connected to NDG and downtown by multiple Montreal bus routes including the 104 Cavendish and 105 Sherbrooke.
# Chelamma

Chelamma is a Hindu goddess of the Southern Karnataka region of India.
Chelamma is a Scorpion goddess and is worshipped along with Kolaramma in Kolar.
Followers believe that by praying at Chelamma's shrine, a person will be protected from scorpion stings. There is an ancient hundi which is carved down into the ground and people have been offering gifts or Kanike to it for the last 1,000 years and no one has ever opened it. According to legend, the box contains gold coins and precious gems from ancient times.
The name includes the suffix "amma" which is a common suffix for most South Indian goddesses. (See Amman)
# Parliamentary cretinism

Parliamentary cretinism (German: parlamentarische Kretinismus) is a pejorative term within Marxist discourse initially referring fixation on parliamentary proeceedings in political conflict to the exclusion of other things, in particular in the context of socialist politics appealing to exclusively parliamentary means, specifically in the 19th century., associated with claims that it means 'confimenent to an imaginary world'.

## Concept

The term parliamentary cretinism was originally coined by Karl Marx in chapter five of his 1852 political book, the Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte, published in 1852 following Louis Napoleon's coup d'état in France. Marx and Engels considered this a fatal delusion for the socialist movement, believing it would only waste time and allow reactionary forces to grow stronger. Marx, particularly, held the view that parliaments are indirectly representing the interests of classes but resolve problems superficially, with its politics ideologically displaced and abstracted from social conditions. This means, for Marx, that parliamentary cretinism creates an imaginary world without sense, memory, and understanding of the real world. This condition perpetuates parliamentarism by defending it against the proletariat through the destruction of the Parliament itself to reinforce the executive branch.
Friedrich Engels wrote:
   'Parliamentary cretinism' is an incurable disease, an ailment whose unfortunate victims are permeated by the lofty conviction that the whole world, its history and its future are directed and determined by a majority of votes of just that very representative institution that has the honour of having them in the capacity of its members.
# Sheldon H. Harris

Sheldon Howard Harris (August 22, 1928 – August 31, 2002) was a historian and professor emeritus of History at California State University, Northridge.

## Biography

Harris was born in Brooklyn. A professor of history at California State University, Northridge, in 1984 he became involved in research on Japanese biological warfare experimentation in Manchuria. His research led him to deliver several papers to international conferences on science and ethics and to the publication of a number of scholarly articles that aroused considerable interest in the United States, Europe, Japan and China. He published six books and dozens of articles. In 1994, he published Factories of Death: Japanese Biological Warfare, 1932 – 1945, and the American Cover-Up.
He was educated at Brooklyn College, Harvard University, and Columbia University.
# Medellín Municipality, Veracruz

Medellín is a municipality in the Mexican state of Veracruz. The municipal seat is the town of Medellín.

## Geography

The municipality is located in the central zone of the state, about 100 km from the state capital Xalapa. It has a surface of 398.2 km2. The municipality of Medellín is delimited to the north by Veracruz, to the north-east by Boca del Río, to the east by Alvarado, to the south by Tlalixcoyan and to the west by Jamapa.
The weather in Medellín is warm all year with rains in summer and autumn.

## Demographics

As 2020, Medellín Municipality had a population of 95,202, with over 155 localities. However only 3% lives in the municipal seat (2,820 hab.). The biggest localities as 2020 are Puente Moreno (34,913 hab.), El Tejar (11,144 hab.), Arboledas San Ramón (8,894 hab.), Paso del Toro (5,787 hab.) and Arboledas San Miguel (4,159 hab.).

## Agriculture

It produces principally maize, beans, green chile, rice, watermelon, mango and pineapple.

## Culture

In Medellín, in September takes place the celebration in honor to San Miguel Arcangel, Patron of the town.
# Richard Teller Crane II

Richard Teller Crane III (August 12, 1882 - October 3, 1938) was the first United States diplomat accredited to Czechoslovakia with the title Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. He received a recess appointment from President Woodrow Wilson on April 23, 1919, and was subsequently confirmed by the United States Senate on June 26, 1919. Crane presented his credentials to the Czechoslovak government on June 11, 1919, and remained in office until December 5, 1921.

## Biography

He was born on August 12, 1882, in Denver, Colorado, to Charles Richard Crane, a diplomat and supporter of President Wilson. He was the grandson of Richard Teller Crane I, a Chicago manufacturer. He married Ellen Douglas Bruce in 1909 and they made their home at the Westover plantation in Charles City County, Virginia.
He died by suicide on October 3, 1938, after firing his shotgun to his temple at his estate, Westover Plantation. The initial news reports indicated it was a "hunting accident". He was buried in the Westover estate burial grounds.
# Marashoni

Mariashoni is a settlement in Nakuru County, in Kenya's Rift Valley Province.
# Garden City FC

Garden City FC is a Belizean football team which currently competes in the FFB Top League. The team is based in Belmopan.
# Lunel station

Lunel station (French: Gare de Lunel) is a French railway station in Lunel, Occitanie, southern France. Within the TER Occitanie network, it is served by line 6 (Narbonne–Marseille), 21 (Narbonne–Avignon), and 22 (Portbou–Avignon).
# Eucerin

Eucerin is a trademarked brand of Beiersdorf AG. In addition to body and face care products, Eucerin offers sun protectant and cleansing products.

## History

In 1900, Isaac Lifschütz manufactured a non-perishable and sleek ointment base consisting of Eucerit, water and oil, naming it Eucerin.
Two years later, in 1902, Lifschütz achieved the patent for his manufacture in Germany.
In 1911, Oscar Troplowitz, who took over the Beiersdorf company from its founder Paul C. Beiersdorf in 1890, bought the patent and a few years later the first Eucerin products (iodine creme, loose powder) were introduced on the German market.
In the 1980s the brand was launched by Beiersdorf affiliates globally, including the USA. Since 1996 the brand also offers facial care products.
# List of Albanian film directors

This is a list of Albanian film directors.

## Male directors

* Gëzim Erebara (1929-2007)
* Hysen Hakani (1932-2011)
* Kristaq Dhamo (1933)
* Saim Kokona (1934)
* Dhimitër Anagnosti (1936)
* Ibrahim Muçaj (1944-2010)
* Saimir Kumbaro (1945)
* Kujtim Gjonaj (1946)
* Kristaq Mitro (1948)
* Isa Qosja (1949)
* Kujtim Çashku (1950)
* Edmond Budina (1952)
* Zehrudin Dokle (1952)
* Leon Qafzezi (1953)
* Shaqir Veseli (1957)
* Besnik Bisha (1958)
* Xhovalin Delia (1959)
* Arian Çuliqi (1960)
* Gjergj Xhuvani (1963)
* Genti Bejko (1980)

## Female directors

* Xhanfize Keko (1928-2007)
* Shqipe N. Duka (1980)
* Luljeta Hoxha
* Drita Koci

## Albanian-American directors

* Stan Dragoti (1932)
* Valmir Tertini IMDb
* Thomas Logoreci
* Vilma Zenelaj
* Greta Zenelaj
# Actie Bouwman

Actie Bouwman (also known as Action for the Small Farmer, Dutch: Actie voor de Kleine Boer) was a political party in the Netherlands. The party was led by Alphons Bouwman, a RKSP member. The party drew its support from rural Catholic sectors. It emerged after large-scale dissatisfaction amongst Catholic farmers towards the Northern Brabant Christian Farmers League (NCB) during the agrarian economic crisis of 1933.
The party was founded in 1934. In February, the party changed its name to the Christian Organisation of Self-employed Persons (Dutch: Christelijke Organisatie van Kleine Zelfstandigen). The party expanded rapidly during 1935, during which the party had 110 branches and 20,000 followers. Thousands visited during 1935.
In 1937, the party was radicalized. In 1940, it merged into the Agrarian Front of the National Socialist Movement, in which Bouwman became an important leader.
# Miguel Anxo Fernández Lores

Miguel Anxo Fernández Lores (born 7 June 1954) is a Spanish medical doctor and since July 1999, the current mayor of Pontevedra, representing Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG).
# Saint-Laurent-d'Aigouze station

Saint-Laurent-d'Aigouze is a railway station in Saint-Laurent-d'Aigouze, Occitanie, southern France. Within TER Occitanie, it is part of line 26 (Nîmes-Le Grau-du-Roi).
# Le Grau-du-Roi station

Le Grau-du-Roi is a railway station in Le Grau-du-Roi, Occitanie, southern France. Within TER Occitanie, it is part of line 26 (Nîmes-Le Grau-du-Roi).
# Gizem

Gizem is a common feminine Turkish given name. In Turkish, "Gizem" means "Mystery", and/or "Enigma". Pronunciation is "GI-ZEM," with a hard "g" (as in "gift") and emphasis on the second syllable.

## People

* Gizem Bozkurt (born 1993), Turkish swimmer
* Gizem Çam (born 1991), Turkish swimmer
* Gizem Giraygil (born 1986), Turkish volleyball player
* Gizem Girişmen (born 1981), Turkish archer
* Gizem Gönültaş (born 1993), Turkish footballer
* Gizem Güreşen (born 1987), Turkish volleyball player
* Gizem Güvenç (born 2002), Turkish swimmer
* Gizem Karaca (born 1992), Turkish actress
* Gizem Memiç (born 1990), Miss Turkey
* Hatice Gizem Örge (born 1993), Turkish volleyball player
# Don't Burn the Witch...

Don't Burn the Witch... is a split EP by thrash metal bands Toxic Holocaust, Minotaur, Evil Angel and Goat Messiah released under Midnight Records.

## Personnel

Toxic Holocaust
* Joel Grind — vocals and guitar
* Phil Zeller — bass and vocals
* Nick Bellmore — drums
# Vic-Mireval station

Vic-Mireval station (French: Gare de Vic-Mireval) is a railway station in Mireval, Occitanie, southern France. Within TER Occitanie, it is part of line 21 (Narbonne–Avignon).
# Port-Saint-Père-Saint-Mars station

Port-Saint-Père-Saint-Mars is a railway station in Saint-Mars-de-Coutais, Pays de la Loire, France. The station is located on the Nantes–La Roche-sur-Yon railway. The station is served by TER (local) services operated by the SNCF:
* local services (TER Pays de la Loire) Nantes - Sainte-Pazanne - Pornic
* local services (TER Pays de la Loire) Nantes - Sainte-Pazanne - Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie
# Bruce H. Billings

Bruce Hadley Billings (July 6, 1915 – October 21, 1992) was an American physicist. He was president of the Optical Society of America in 1971. and the Polaroid Corporation's chief physicist between 1941 and 1947.
Billings was educated at Phillips Exeter Academy. He received his bachelor's degree in 1936 and his master's degree in 1937, both from Harvard University. Billings obtained his Ph.D. in 1941 from Johns Hopkins University. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1952.
In the 1950s and 1960s Billings was senior vice president for research at Baird-Atomic, Inc. in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where he contributed to the development of analytical instrumentation for emission spectroscopy, dual-beam, recording infra-red absorption spectrometry, flame photometry, and investigated the potential of circular dichroism as the basis for instrumentation, a technology that Baird-Atomic, Inc. never commercialized.
Billings died in Long Beach, California, aged 77 from pancreatic cancer.
# Charles S. Thomas (Virginia politician)

Charles Smith Thomas (died April 5, 1894) was an American politician who served in the Virginia House of Delegates.
# Mary Rogers (politician)

Mary Catherine Rogers (born Mary Skeahan, 2 August 1872 − 25 September 1932) was an Australian magistrate, trade unionist, and the first woman elected to local government in Victoria.

## Early years

Rogers was raised in East Melbourne, and attended a local Catholic school. She married Patrick Denis Rogers in 1900 and had five children, although one died in infancy.
After her husband died in 1910, Rogers initially worked as a cleaner, before being appointed secretary, then president, of the Women Office Cleaners' Union, and later vice-president of the Miscellaneous Workers' Union.

## Political career

Rogers became an organiser for the Australian Labor Party in 1918, serving as secretary of the party's North Richmond branch for several years.
On 5 November 1920, she was elected to Richmond City Council at a by-election, becoming he first woman elected to local government in Victoria, and the second in Australia (after Susan Benny).
Rogers was re-elected unopposed in 1922. In 1925, she became a member of the council's finance and legislative committee, but was at the elections in August later that year.

## Later life and death

In 1928, she became one of first women to be appointed a justice of the peace in Victoria, serving as a special magistrate at the Children's Court at Richmond.
Rogers died of cancer on 25 September 1932, and was buried at Boroondara Cemetery in Kew. Future federal Labor leader Arthur Calwell was a pallbearer at her funeral, where several prominent Labor and trade union officials were present.

## Legacy

In March 2016, the City of Yarra (the successor to the City of Richmond) replaced the green and male silhouettes at traffic lights with a likeness of Rogers.
Mary Rogers Square on the corner of Church Street and Bridge Road in Richmond is named after Rogers.
# Tibor Ladányi

Tibor Ladányi (born 21 November 1991) is a Hungarian football player who currently plays for MTK Hungaria FC.

## Club statistics

| Club | Season | League | League | Cup | Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Europe | Europe | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| MTK Budapest |
| MTK Budapest | 2008–09 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
| MTK Budapest | 2009–10 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | – | – | 4 | 0 |
| MTK Budapest | 2010–11 | 24 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 31 | 1 |
| MTK Budapest | 2011–12 | 18 | 2 | 7 | 1 | 6 | 0 | – | – | 31 | 3 |
| MTK Budapest | 2012–13 | 15 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 2 |
| MTK Budapest | 2013–14 | 18 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 24 | 1 |
| MTK Budapest | Total | 75 | 5 | 21 | 1 | 15 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 111 | 8 |
| Career Total | | 75 | 5 | 21 | 1 | 15 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 111 | 8 |
Updated to games played as of 1 June 2014.
# Aghkand-e Olya

Aghkand-e Olya (Persian: آغكند عليا, also Romanized as Āghkand-e 'Olyā and Āgh Kand-e 'Olyā; also known as Āghkand-e Bālā, Ahkand Bāla, and Āq Kand-e Bālā) is a village in Babarashani Rural District, Chang Almas District, Bijar County, Kurdistan province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 178, in 34 families. The village is populated by Kurds.