OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Peter J. Boylan

Peter James Boylan Jr. (May 18, 1936 – November 12, 2023) was a major general of the United States Army.

## Early life and education

Boylan was born in Portage, Wisconsin, on May 18, 1936. He was a 1954 graduate of Portage High School and was inducted into their Hall of Fame. Boylan then studied at the University of Wisconsin for a few semesters. He went on to earn a B.S. degree in military science from the United States Military Academy. Boylan graduated from the University of Michigan with an M.S. degree in 1969 and an M.S.E. degree in 1970, having studied aerospace engineering and systems engineering. He also studied at the Army Command and General Staff College and the Naval War College. Boylan later received an honorary Doctor of Letters from Flagler College.

## Military career

Boylan enlisted in the U.S. Army on October 10, 1956, before being appointed to the U.S. Military Academy the following year, graduating in 1961. He then went on to serve two tours of duty in the Vietnam War.
In 1983, Boylan took part in the Invasion of Grenada with the 82nd Airborne Division. He later served in the Office of the Joint Chief of Staff at The Pentagon, Deputy Inspector General of the Army and commander of the 10th Mountain Division. Boylan would also return to the United States Military Academy as assistant professor of Mechanical Engineering from 1969 to 1972 and Commandant of Cadets from 1984 to 1987. He was on the board of trustees for the United States Military Academy. He retired from the army in 1992 and was appointed president of Georgia Military College later that year.
Awards Boylan received during his time in the army include the Distinguished Service Medal, the Silver Star, the Legion of Merit, the Bronze Star Medal with two oak leaf clusters and two Valor devices, the Purple Heart, the Air Medal, the Combat Infantryman Badge, the Ranger tab and the Master Parachutist Badge.

## Personal life

Boylan married Kathleen E. "Kathy" Costa on July 1, 1961. They had two sons and three daughters. Both sons, one daughter and a grandson graduated from West Point. Their son Colonel Gregory L. Boylan has made a military career teaching at West Point, following in footsteps of his uncle Brigadier General John J. Costa (May 7, 1925 – August 6, 2013) who retired on May 31, 1989, as the last veteran of World War II on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces.
Boylan was a cantor at his local Roman Catholic church, the Sacred Heart of Jesus Catholic Church.
Boylan resided in Milledgeville, Georgia, with his wife. He died there on November 12, 2023, at the age of 87.
# Harry Oliver White

Harry Oliver White (6 January 1895 – 4 September 1987) was a Progressive Conservative party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Glanworth, Ontario and became a farmer by career. White served in World War I with the 63rd Field Battery, Canadian Expeditionary Force.
He won five consecutive elections at the Middlesex East riding from the 1945 federal election through the 1958 election. After completing his fifth term, the 24th Canadian Parliament, White left federal politics and did not seek another term in office.
He died in 1987 and is interred in Westminster, Ontario.
vte1945 Canadian federal election: Middlesex East :
| Candidate | Votes |
| Progressive Conservative | Harry Oliver White | 8,808 |
| Liberal | Duncan Graham Ross | 7,442 |
| Co-operative Commonwealth | Kenneth Elson Dickie | 2,398 |
vte1949 Canadian federal election: Middlesex East :
| Candidate | Votes |
| Progressive Conservative | Harry Oliver White | 9,258 |
| Liberal | Fred O. Kime | 9,198 |
| Co-operative Commonwealth | Miller Stewart | 2,848 |
vte1953 Canadian federal election: Middlesex East :
| Candidate | Votes |
| Progressive Conservative | Harry Oliver White | 12,027 |
| Liberal | Frank Duncan McLachlin | 8,952 |
| Co-operative Commonwealth | Alec Richmond | 3,137 |
vte1957 Canadian federal election: Middlesex East :
| Candidate | Votes |
| Progressive Conservative | Harry Oliver White | 20,287 |
| Liberal | Fred O. Kime | 9,323 |
| Co-operative Commonwealth | James Johnson | 3,242 |
vte1958 Canadian federal election: Middlesex East :
| Candidate | Votes |
| Progressive Conservative | Harry Oliver White | 24,896 |
| Liberal | Harry Roe Plewes | 7,849 |
| Co-operative Commonwealth | Andrew Grant | 3,125 |
# Harold Scott (police commissioner)

Sir Harold Richard Scott GCVO KCB KBE (24 December 1887 – 19 October 1969) was Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police from 1945 to 1953.
Scott was born in Banbury, Oxfordshire and brought up in Bruton, Somerset. He was educated at Sexey's School and later at Jesus College, Cambridge. In 1911, he joined the Home Office as a civil servant, where he worked in various capacities including Secretary to the Labour Resettlement Committee (1918–1919) and Chairman of the Prison Commission (1932–1939). With the outbreak of the Second World War, Scott's work took on a more military capacity, as he joined London's Civil Defence Administration until he was appointed as Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Aircraft Production in 1943.
In late 1944, the Home Secretary Herbert Morrison asked Scott to accept the post as Metropolitan Police Commissioner when the war was over. The appointment in 1945 caused a stir in police circles—Scott was the first Commissioner without a police or military background since Sir Richard Mayne (who had been a lawyer when appointed). Unlike all subsequent commissioners, he was not a career police officer.
Scott's administration background served him well in some of the more managerial aspects of the Commissionership, and he managed some considerable cost savings for the Met. He also improved the public relations outlook of the service, including granting Ealing Studios unprecedented assistance in the production of the film The Blue Lamp, which was to lead to the TV series Dixon of Dock Green, which painted a rosy view of the Metropolitan Police fostered by Jack Warner's portrayal of genial PC George Dixon.
Scott presided over several high-profile cases during his time with the Met, including the Derek Bentley trial for the murder of police officer PC Sidney Miles.
In 1951, Scott introduced a police cadet training scheme for young people aged between 16 and 18.
Scott retired in 1953, and thereafter wrote several books related to crime and policing including The Concise Encyclopedia of Crime and Criminals (1962). The section house at Limehouse Police Station, which was completed at the end of World War II, was named in his honour. An inscription is still present beside the entrance doors in Birchfield Street.

## In popular culture

In 2022, Scott was portrayed by Tim Key in the British-American film See How They Run.
Government offices :
| Preceded bySir Archibald Rowlands | Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Aircraft Production 1943–1945 | Succeeded bySir Frank Newton Tribe |
| Police appointments |||
| Preceded byAir Vice-Marshal Sir Philip Game | Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis 1945–1953 | Succeeded bySir John Nott-Bower |
# Gareth Davies (rugby union, born 1984)

Gareth Davies (born 2 March 1984) is a Welsh rugby union player. An outside half, he currently plays his club rugby for Merthyr RFC, after beginning his career with Penallta RFC then to Cardiff RFC. He has been selected for the Wales national rugby sevens team squad.
# Jay R. Wells

Jay Ralph Wells III (born June 5, 1940) is a former Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. he was elected as Judge of Elections of Allegheny County.
# Juanma López Iturriaga

Juan Manuel "Juanma" López Iturriaga (born February 4, 1959) is a Spanish retired professional basketball player. He played shooting guard and small forward and appeared in a total of 90 games with the Spain national basketball team, winning a silver medal at the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles.

## Career

In 1975–76, Iturriaga played for Loyola Indautxu in national competition. Then he joined Real Madrid Baloncesto, where he would stay until the year 1987–88.

## Retirement

Juan Manuel López Iturriaga has become a sports consultant on Spanish TV channels, commenting on the games of the Spanish team, working in newspapers such as El País and Gigantes del Basket. After his playing career, he began a career as a television host on Telemadrid, ETB 2, Telecinco and La Sexta,
# Edulis (restaurant)

Edulis is a restaurant in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The restaurant serves European and Mediterranean cuisine, and has received a Michelin star. Tobey Nemeth is the chef and co-owner.

## Recognition
### Canada's 100 Best Restaurants Ranking

Edulis :
| Year | Rank | Change |
| 2015 | 7 | new |
| 2016 | 8 | 1 |
| 2017 | 5 | 3 |
| 2018 | 9 | 4 |
| 2019 | 10 | 1 |
| 2020 | 9 | 1 |
| 2021 | No List | No List |
| 2022 | 7 | 2 |
| 2023 | 4 | 3 |
| 2024 | 2 | 2 |
# Gandō

A gandō (龕灯, lit. 'niche lantern') was a type of Japanese gyroscopic lantern invented in the early Edo period. Using a unique method of directional light projection, it was comparable in use to a modern flashlight. This type of lantern is also known as a shagandō (遮眼灯, lit. 'occlusion lantern'). Gandō-style lanterns are described in the Bansenshūkai of 1676.

## Summary

The external shroud was bell-shaped and could be made of copper, tinplate, or later galvanized steel. A handle was mounted at the rear of the shroud. Inside, two steel rings in free rotation formed a dual-axis gimbal, and a candle was fixed at the center on a self-stabilizing pan to catch excess wax. Behind this assembly was a parabolic mirror. This ensured that the candle always stood vertically and thereby could remain lit no matter what angle the lantern was pointed.
Because light was only projected forward, the user could illuminate an object without revealing their own face. Gandō are said to have been popular with burglars and watchmen alike in medieval times.
During the Second World War, gandō were distributed to civil defense organizations like the tonarigumi. This type of lantern appears to have remained in use until around 1945. Today, gandō are sometimes sensationalized as "shinobi lanterns" (忍び提灯).
# Nurkot

Nurkot (also spelled Noorkot or Noor Kot, Urdu: نورکوٹ) is a town located on the western bank of the Nullah Baein torrent around 5 km southwest of Shakargarh city in Shakargarh Tehsil, Narowal District, Punjab, Pakistan, at an elevation of 258 meters,

## History

The sixteenth century document Ain-i-Akbari mentions Maingri Pargana of the Rachna Sarkar in the Lahore Subah of Mughal Empire, inhabited by Gujjars and Silhariya, as comprising 62,293 Bigha of agricultural land generating a revenue of 1.475 million Dams, and the local forces consisting of 20 cavalry and 1,000 infantry. The area was later annexed by the Jammu Rajas in early eighteenth century, in 1778 Kanhaiya Sardars took it and in the early nineteenth century it was annexed by Ranjit Singh. The area was then annexed by the British after the Second Anglo-Sikh War in 1849. Later on, Maingri became a Zail of Shakargarh Tehsil.
In 1853, Shakargarh Tehsil of Sialkot District was transferred to Gurdaspur District and it remained an administrative subdivision of Gurdaspur District until Partition in 1947. Under Radcliffe Award, three of the four tehsils of Gurdaspur district on the eastern bank of the Ujh river (which joined the Ravi a little further down) – the tahsils of Gurdaspur, Batala and Pathankot – were awarded to India and only one, Shakargarh, was assigned to Pakistan. After the creation of Pakistan, Shakargarh became a part of Sialkot District once again. In July 1991, two tehsils (Narowal and Shakargarh) were split off from Sialkot District and Shakargarh became a tehsil of the newly formed Narowal District.
# Kite flying at the 1900 Summer Olympics

Kite flying was on the Summer Olympic Games programme in 1900. These events have generally not been classified as official, although the IOC has never decided which events were "Olympic" and which were not. Kite flying events are sometimes classified under ballooning.
# Ilia Odishelidze

Ilia Odishelidze (Georgian: ილია ოდიშელიძე); Russian: Илья Зурабович Одишелидзе, Ilya Zurabovich Odishelidze) (25 March 1865 – c. 1924) was a Georgian military leader who had also served as a general of the Imperial Russian army.

## Biography

Born in Georgia, then part of the Russian Empire, he graduated from the 3rd Alexander’s School (1887) and the General Staff Academy in St Petersburg (1894). The next ten years were spent in military work in various regions of the empire. He took part in the Russo-Japanese war (1904–1905) in the capacity of a chief of staff of the 6th Eastern Siberian Division. He served, from 9 November 1911 to 9 January 1914, a governor general of Samarkand and was moved afterwards as a chief of staff of the Turkestan Military District.
Promoted to lieutenant general on 11 October 1914, he was Chief of Staff of the 10th, and later of the 1st Army. In 1917 he held command over the 15th Army Corps, 1st and 3rd armies. On October 2, 1917 he was appointed the commander-in-chief of the Caucasus Army. In January 1918 he was in command at Erzurum. During the total collapse of the Tsarist administration he tried to prevent the imperial army's disintegration, then resigned as a commander and helped to organize national Georgian divisions.
In March 1918, he served as deputy minister of war for the Transcaucasian Commissariat, but was sacked for his nationalistic sentiments. After Georgia’s declaration of independence (May 26, 1918), he held various important posts in the national armed forces and served as the commander-in-chief of army from the fall of 1920 to February 1921.
After the Soviet invasion of Georgia, his fate becomes unclear. According to some sources, he was shot by the Bolsheviks in 1921. He, however, appears to have fled to Turkey, where he died around 1924. Odishelidze's son Alexander, a colonel of the Georgian army, moved to France, where he died in 1933.

## Honours and awards

* Order of St. Stanislaus, 3rd class (1902)
* Order of St. Anne, 3rd class with swords and bow (1905)
* Order of St. Vladimir, 4th class with swords and bow (1905)
* Order of St. Vladimir, with Swords 3rd class (1905)
* Gold Sword for Bravery (29 March 1905)
* Order of St. Anne with Swords 2nd class (1906)
* Order of Saint George, 4th class (1907)
* Order of St. Stanislaus, 1st class (6 December 1912).
# Samantha Preston

Samantha Preston (born December 15, 1984, in Calgary, Alberta) is a Canadian curler.

## Career
### 2009–current

In 2009, Preston, as part of team Webster, was the first qualifier at the Canadian Olympic Pre-Trials. The team surprised many, winning the A final over former World Champion Kelly Scott. At the 2009 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials, the Webster rink finished with a 2–5 record.
To date, the Webster team has only won two Women's World Curling Tour events, the DEKALB Superspiel in 2009 and the Colonial Square Ladies Classic in 2011. Preston was a participant at the Grand Slam 2010 Players' Championships where the team lost to fellow Albertan Cheryl Bernard.
At the 2012 Alberta Scotties Tournament of Hearts the team qualified out of the fourth qualified for the playoffs. To do so, they successfully eliminated the defending Alberta champions Shannon Kleibrink. The team would defeat Valerie Sweeting 5-4 in the C1 vs C2 game, and faced Heather Nedohin in the semi-final. The team was ahead 5-4 in the tenth end, with hammer and would end up giving up a steal of one to be tied 5-5. In the eleventh end, again with the hammer, the team would give up another steal, allowing Nedohin to win the semi-final and eventually the Alberta championship. Because of the depth of competition in Alberta, to date Preston has been unable to represent the province at the Scotties Tournament of Hearts.
At the end of the 2011–12 curling season, Team Webster would finish in seventh place on the Canadian Team Ranking System (CTRS) which was enough to earn the final place in the 2012 Canada Cup of Curling, where the winning team will get a direct entry into the 2013 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials.
For the Webster team the 2012–13 curling season has had a successful beginning. The first event the team participated in was the 2012 The Shoot-Out, where they qualified for the playoffs, out of the A-side, before losing the final to Manitoba's Kaitlyn Lawes.

## Personal life

Preston works as a Marketing Coordinator, and has a degree in Business Administration with a major in Marketing.
# Sunrise (telescope)

The Sunrise balloon-borne solar observatory consists of a 1m aperture Gregory telescope, a UV filter imager, an imaging vector polarimeter, an image stabilization system and further infrastructure. The first science flight of Sunrise yielded high-quality data that reveal the structure, dynamics and evolution of solar convection, oscillations and magnetic fields at a resolution of around 100 km in the quiet Sun.

## Overview

The strong absorption of UV radiation by the Earth's atmosphere makes it challenging to carry out ground-based observations at these wavelengths. A balloon mission reaching altitudes of above 30 km benefits from a reduction of UV absorption by 99%, making engineering solutions for the telescope easier. The launch site was in the arctic region to make uninterrupted observation of the Sun over several days possible. The telescope has a 1 metre primary mirror that directs the 1 kW of solar radiation to the first focal point where 99% of the radiation is reflected out of the telescope, the remaining light is transferred into several instruments.
The one metre diameter primary mirror is made from a glass ceramic zerodur, it is the central part of the gondola of nearly 2 tons. Solar panels of 1.5 kW output power are used to power the onboard equipment and a hard disk array of 2 x 2.4 Terabyte is used to store the data during flight.

## Instruments

* CWS, Correlating Wavefront Sensor is a CCD camera with 1 kHz read-outs responsible generate the images necessary for image stabilization and proper alignment.
* SUFI, Sunrise Filter Imager observes the sun in five distinct wavelengths 214, 300, 312, 388 and 397 nm, on a 2048 x 2048 pixel CCD, through a filter wheele.
* IMaX, Imaging Magnetograph eXperiment observes the Zeeman splitting of the iron line (FeI) around 525 nm. The observed field of view is 50 x 50 arcseconds.

## Flights

* Sunrise's first flight was launched at 8:05 8 June 2009 local time from Esrange, near Kiruna, Sweden and it landed 1:45 14 June 2009 local time on Somerset Island, Nunavut, northern Canada after a flight duration nearly six days.
* Sunrise's second flight was launched at 7:38 (5:38 UTC) on 12 June 2013 from Esrange, near Kiruna, Sweden, and it landed afternoon 17 June 2013 on Boothia peninsula, Nunavut, northern Canada after a flight duration of over 5 days.
* Sunrise's third flight is scheduled for June 2024 from Esrange, near Kiruna, Sweden,. The third edition of sunrise is a step forward in terms of onboard instrumentation, with three new instruments, SUSI, SCIP, and TuMAG.
# Anthony Higgins (politician)

Anthony Clark Higgins (October 1, 1840 – June 26, 1912) was an American lawyer and politician from Wilmington, in New Castle County, Delaware. He was a veteran of the Civil War and a member of the Republican Party, who served as United States Senator from Delaware.

## Early life and family

Higgins was born in Red Lion Hundred in New Castle County, Delaware. He attended Newark Academy and Delaware College, and graduated from Yale College in 1861, where he was a member of Skull and Bones.$^{:94}$ After studying law at the Harvard Law School, he was admitted to the bar in 1864 and began practice in Wilmington, Delaware. He also served for a time in the Union Army in 1864.

## Professional and public career

Higgins was appointed deputy Attorney General in 1864 and was the United States attorney for Delaware from 1869 until 1876. He was an unsuccessful Republican candidate for election to the 49th Congress in 1884, but was elected to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1889, until March 3, 1895, when he unsuccessfully sought reelection. During his tenure he was Chairman of the committee to Examine Branches of the Civil Service in the 51st and 52nd Congress, and a member of the Committee on Manufactures in the 52nd Congress. Subsequently, he resumed the practice of law in Wilmington, including service as one of the attorneys for the respondent in the impeachment proceedings of United States District Court Judge Charles Swayne of Florida in 1904/05.

## Death and legacy

Higgins died while at New York, New York, and is buried at the St. Georges Cemetery, near St. Georges in New Castle County.

## Almanac

Elections are held the first week of November. The General Assembly chose the U.S. Senators, who took office March 4 for a six-year term.
Public offices :
| Office | Type | Location | Began office | Ended office | Notes |
| U.S. Senator | Legislature | Washington, D.C. | March 4, 1889 | March 3, 1895 | |
United States congressional service :
| Dates | Congress | Chamber | Majority | President | Class/District |
| 1889–1891 | 51st | U.S. Senate | Republican | Benjamin Harrison | class 2 |
| 1891–1893 | 52nd | U.S. Senate | Republican | Benjamin Harrison | class 2 |
| 1893–1895 | 53rd | U.S. Senate | Democratic | Grover Cleveland | class 2 |
Election results :
| Year | Office | Subject | Party | Votes | % | Opponent | Party | Votes | % |
| 1884 | U.S. Representative | Anthony Higgins | Republican | 12,878 | 43% | Charles B. Lore | Democratic | 17,054 | 57% |
# Kamyzyaksky District

Kamyzyaksky District (Russian: Камызя́кский райо́н; Kazakh: Құмөзек ауданы, Qūmözek audany) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the eleven in Astrakhan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is 3,493 square kilometers (1,349 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Kamyzyak. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 48,647, with the population of Kamyzyak accounting for 33.5% of that number.

## History

The district was established on July 14, 1925 when Astrakhan Governorate's administrative-territorial system was changed from uyezds and volosts to districts and rural communities. In May 1944, a part of the district's territory was transferred to Travinsky and Zelenginsky Districts. When Travinsky District was abolished in 1963, its territory was merged into Kamyzyaksky District.