OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ayie

Ayie is the first of two stages of a traditional marriage ceremony of the Luo tribe of Kenya and Tanzania. The ceremony involves the payment of a bride price by the groom to the mother of the bride. Ayie is a Dholuo word, which means "I agree", referring to the fact that the mother of the bride accepts the bride price and agrees for the marriage to take place.
Once the ceremony has taken place, the couple are considered to be married and the groom is at liberty to leave with the bride after the ceremony, although to complete the union a second bride price known as "keny", in the form of cattle, should be paid to the father of the bride not on the same day, but at a later date.
As polygamy or "doho" is permitted in Luo tradition, a man may carry out Ayie several times with different women, and all marriages are recognized as legal under the Kenyan or Tanzanian law governing traditional marriage. However, if he also carries out a civil or religious marriage ceremony in Kenya, he may not have more than one wife.
Ayie ceremony takes place at the home of the parents of the bride, after the groom has made a request and agreed with the bride on the date of the ceremony. Consent of the parents of the bride for the ceremony to take place is mandatory.
Other people who attend the Ayie ceremony include all wives of the father of the bride as well as her uncles who are from her father's side, together with their wives. Uncles from mother's side and their family members are not allowed to attend the Ayie ceremony. It is on the Ayie ceremony that a groom officially meets the parents of the bride for the first time; all other visits that could have taken place prior to the Ayie ceremony are unofficial and in some cases may attract disciplinary action on the groom. If a groom visits the parents of the bride but without the intention to pay Ayie during the visit, he may be considered undisciplined, as his action may be interpreted as arrogance or prematurely show off his relationship with the bride to her parents.
The amount of Ayie is fixed within a certain range throughout the Luo communities in Kenya (ruling bride price), and it increases from time to time, although the mother of the bride may negotiate a higher price whilst the groom may also negotiate a lower price.
Since in Luo tradition the bride price is recoverable upon divorce, it is usually unlikely for the mother of the bride to negotiate unreasonably higher price than the ruling price. This is because, in case of divorce, which is a rare happening among Luo couples-(as most Luo women are known to be faithful) the family of the bride would be able to refund the bride price, which may embarrass them.
During the Ayie ceremony the bride prepares food for the groom and feeds him in front of everyone to signify her acceptance as the groom's traditional bride and those who accompany him. Often, the food consists of poultry and beef served with "Kuon" (ugali) and "mchele" (rice) and other delicacies like "aliya" (smoked beef) and many more.
# William F. Ladd

William Ferson Ladd (February 14, 1896 – February 26, 1980), born in Spencer, Massachusetts on 14, February 1896, was the thirty-third Adjutant General of the State of Connecticut. During World War I, Ladd was an Army pilot.

## Military career

William Ladd attempted to join the aviation service, but was unable to strike a recruiting office when enlistments for aviation were open. Ladd enlisted in the Headquarters Troop, 76th Division. After six months of service, Ladd transferred to Cornell University of military aeronautics. He graduated in 1918 from Cornell and then transferred to Camp Dick, Dallas, Texas. Then he went to Fort Worth, Texas for more training. In November 1918 he graduated and became an expert pilot. Ladd was discharged from the service in December 1918 as a second lieutenant.
In 1925 Ladd was appointed major and commander of the 118th Observation Squadron 43rd Division Aviation. Ladd for several years occupied a position as deputy tax commissioner. William Ladd was Connecticut Adjutant General from 1930 to 1939. Ladd was first air officer in the country to be adjutant general. Ladd memberships were National Aeronautic Association, Hartford Lodge No. 88 A.F. & A.M., National Guard Association, American Legion and Reserve Officers Association, Washington Commandery, No. 1 K.T., A.A.S.R., No.19, B.P.O.E., and Adjutant General Association.

## Personal life

William F. Ladd was born in Spencer, Massachusetts in 1896. He married Jane Wilson, who was the niece of Mrs. E. L. Cushman. William Ladd and Mary Wilson had two daughters.
He died in Sacramento, California on February 26, 1980.
# Draper (disambiguation)

A draper is a cloth merchant.
Draper or Drapers may also refer to:

## Places
### United States

* Draper, Kentucky
* Draper Village, North Carolina, now consolidated into Eden
* Draper, South Dakota
* Draper, Texas
* Draper, Utah
** Draper station (FrontRunner)
** Draper Town Center station
* Draper, Virginia
* Draper, Wisconsin
** Draper (community), Wisconsin
* Draper Island (Michigan)
* Lake Stanley Draper, a reservoir near Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

### Elsewhere

* Draper, Alberta, Canada
* Draper, Queensland, Australia
* Draper railway station, Adelaide, Australia
* Draper (crater), on the Moon

## Businesses and organisations

* Draper Corporation, former American power loom manufacturer
* Draper Correctional Facility, an Alabama state prison 1939–2018
* Draper Fisher Jurvetson, formerly Draper Associates, a venture capital firm
* Draper Laboratory, an American not-for-profit research and development organization
* Draper Tools, a British distributor of tools
* Worshipful Company of Drapers, a livery company of the City of London

## Other uses

* Draper (surname), including a list of people and fictional characters with the name
* Drapers (magazine), a magazine for fashion retailers
# Christopher R. Scalzo

Christopher R. Scalzo is an American former politician and businessman.
Born in Peekskill, New York. Scalzo received his bachelor's degree in economics from Fordham University in 1985. He worked in the currency market. From 1995 to 1998, Scalzo served in the Connecticut House of Representatives and was a Republican, serving the 111th General Assembly district. While serving as a representative, he lived in Ridgefield, Connecticut. In 1998, Scalzo ran unsuccessfully for the office of Connecticut Comptroller, ultimately losing to Nancy Wyman, who went on to become the first woman elected as Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut.
After losing the race for Comptroller in 1998, Scalzo worked as a development officer at Yale University from 2000 to 2003. He later relocated to Washington, D.C., where he worked in the United States Department of State in various roles from 2004 to 2009. After leaving the State Department, Scalzo began work in the IBM Global Services arm of IBM. Scalzo currently resides in Washington, D.C., continues to work for IBM, now as a Foreign Affairs Account Manager.
In 2018, he became a Private Sector Fellow at the Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy.
# Bill Stovall

William "Bill" Harry Stovall III (born February 21, 1960) is an American politician. He was a member of the Arkansas House of Representatives, serving from 2001 to 2007. He is a member of the Democratic party.
# Eric Bogue

Eric Bogue (born October 4, 1964) is an American politician who served in the South Dakota House of Representatives from the 28A district from 1995 to 1997 and in the South Dakota Senate from the 28th district from 1999 to 2007.
# James J. Lovelace

James Judson Lovelace Jr. (September 22, 1948 – July 26, 2024) was a lieutenant general in the United States Army.

## Early life and education

Lovelace was born in Richmond, Virginia on September 22, 1948. He was commissioned a second lieutenant in Field Artillery upon graduation from the United States Military Academy in 1970.
Lovelace's military education includes the Field Artillery Basic and Advanced courses, the Armor Advanced Course, the Armed Forces Staff College, the Command and General Staff College, and the Naval War College. He held a master's degree in Physical Education from Indiana University, a master's degree in management from Salve Regina University, and a master's degree in National Security and Strategic Studies from the United States Naval War College.

## Military career

Lovelace commanded batteries in the 2nd Infantry Division and the XVIII Airborne Corps Artillery. He also served as a Director of Instruction in the Department of Physical Education at the United States Military Academy, an aide-de-camp to the Commanding General of the First United States Army at Fort Meade, Maryland, a commander of the 5th Battalion, 8th Field Artillery, an 18th Field Artillery Brigade at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, and Deputy J-5 for Plans and Programs while assigned to Alaskan Command at Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska. He participated in Exercise Cobra Gold.
Lovelace assumed command of United States Army Central and Coalition Forces Land Component Command on December 18, 2007.

## Death

Lovelace died on July 26, 2024, at the age of 75.

## Dates of rank

| Rank | Date |
| Second Lieutenant | 3 June 70 |
| First Lieutenant | 3 June 71 |
| Captain | 3 June 74 |
| Major | 8 June 81 |
| Lieutenant Colonel | 1 October 87 |
| Colonel | 1 June 92 |
| Brigadier General | 1 August 96 |
| Major General | 1 August 00 |
| Lieutenant General | 22 June 03 |

## Decorations and Badges

* Parachutist Badge
* Ranger Tab
* Office of the Secretary of Defense Identification Badge
* Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge
* Army Staff Identification Badge
* Distinguished Service Medal with an Oak Leaf Cluster
* Defense Superior Service Medal
* Legion of Merit with 2 Oak Leaf Clusters
* Meritorious Service Medal with 4 Oak Leaf Clusters
* Army Commendation Medal with an Oak Leaf Cluster
# Charles Hoffman (politician)

Charles B. Hoffman (born January 7, 1960) is an American politician and a Republican member of the South Dakota House of Representatives representing District 23 since January 12, 2021 and previously held the same seat from January 2009 to January 2015. During his second two-year term (2011–12), he served as the House's Majority Whip.

## Early life and education

Hoffman was born in Montclair, New Jersey. He attended Northern State University (NSU) and Yankton College. While at NSU, he met a fellow student named Holly Wanner. They got married in 1985, and together, they have three children: Austin (born 1985), a television journalist; Alex (born 1987), also a TV journalist and a former Miss South Dakota in the Miss America circuit; and Elizabeth (born 1990), also a former beauty queen. Hoffman and Holly divorced in 2018. Hoffman lives on a ranch outside Eureka, South Dakota.

## Election history

* 2020 Hoffman was elected with 6,791 votes and Spencer Gosch was re-elected with 8,325 votes;.
Gosch won the Republican primary election with 3,107 votes along with Charlie Hoffman who received 2,709 votes while James Wangsness received 1,072 votes and Kevin Watts received 755 votes.
* 2016 In the Republican primary, Hoffman was defeated by Spencer Gosch who received 2,135 votes and John Lake who received 2,466 votes while Hoffman received 1,706 votes and Dick Werner received 1,607 votes.
* 2012: Hoffman and Representative Justin Cronin were unopposed for both the June 5, 2012 Republican Primary and the November 6, 2012 General election, where Hoffman took the first seat with 6,831 votes (51.5%) and Representative Cronin took the second seat.
* 2010: Hoffman and Representative Cronin were unopposed for both the June 8, 2010 Republican Primary and the November 2, 2010 General election, where Representative Cronin took the first seat and Hoffman took the second seat with 4,812 votes (47.39%).
* 2008: When District 23 incumbent Republican Representative Tom Hackl ran for South Dakota Senate and Justin Davis left the Legislature leaving both District 23 seats open, Hoffman ran in the June 3, 2008 Republican Primary; in the five-way November 4, 2008 General election fellow Republican nominee Justin Cronin took the first seat and Hoffman took the second seat with 4,897 votes (32%) ahead of Democratic nominees Orland Geigle, Leonard Linde, and Independent candidate Wayne Schmidt.

## In media

Hoffman's then-wife Holly was a contestant on Survivor: Nicaragua in 2010. In the series' fourteenth episode, he appeared as a "loved one" for a reward challenge. Ultimately, the Hoffmans were one of the pairs chosen by Chase Rice, the challenge winner, to join him (and his mother) in partaking the reward.
# Ezra ben Abraham

Ezra ben Abraham (Hebrew: עזרא בן אברהם), also recorded as Azariah, was the head of the remnant of the Palestinian Gaonate in Damascus in the second half of the 12th century.

## Details

Ezra was the son of Abraham ben Mazhir, the Gaon in Damascus. Ezra first appears in a poem of Isaac ibn Ezra (he) from 1142 dedicated to Ezra's father that mentions his four children, including Ezra. When Benjamin of Tudela visited Damascus around 1168 he found Ezra, whom he refers to as Azariah, already as Gaon. Petachiah of Regensburg also mentions Ezra in his description of visiting Damascus around 1175. Petachiah notes that Ezra, the Rosh Yeshiva, is "filled with Torah" for he was ordained by the Baghdadi Gaon Samuel ben Ali.
A letter from the same Samuel ben Ali from 1172 includes a postscript and a signature of Ezra, who was then in Aleppo. Ezra is also mentioned in one fragment from the Cairo Genizah, which contains a prayer for Ezra in very flowery language.
Jacob Mann was of the opinion that there was a rivalry between the two branches of the Palestine Gaonate, the one in Damascus, led by Ezra, and the one in Fustat then led by Netanel ben Moses ha-Levi. According to Mann's reconstruction, Samuel ben Ali supported Ezra while Netanel was supported by the Babylonian Exilarch Daniel ben Hisdai. This was part of the larger rivalry between these two Babylonian figures.
By 1191 Ezra was no longer alive, as is clear from a different letter of Samuel ben Ali. Mann believed that this letter was sent to a son of Ezra named Abraham, who inherited the Gaonate from him. Assaf and Fleischer understood the letter differently, and do not believe there is any evidence for such an individual. According to the later approach, Ezra was likely succeeded by his brother Sar Shalom.
# Joaquín Pérez (equestrian)

Joaquín Pérez de las Heras (25 October 1936 – 20 May 2011) was a Mexican equestrian and Olympic medalist. He was born in Ameca, Jalisco.
# James Lee (film director)

James Lee, is a Malaysian film director. He was born Lee Thim Heng (simplified Chinese: 李添兴; traditional Chinese: 李添興; Jyutping: Lei5 Tim1 Hing1; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lí Thiam-heng) in 13 December 1973 in the city of Ipoh in Perak. He is one of the pioneers of the Malaysian Digital Film movement. His film The Beautiful Washing Machine won the Best Asean Feature Award and FIPRESCI Prize at the Bangkok International Film Festival 2005. Besides directing, he had also produced the early films of other Malaysian filmmakers, namely, Amir Muhammad and Ho Yuhang, under his production house, Doghouse73 Pictures.

## Filmography
### Director

Feature-length:
| Year | Title |
| 2001 | Snipers |
| 2001 | Ah Beng Returns |
| 2002 | Room to Let |
| 2004 | The Beautiful Washing Machine |
| 2006 | Before We Fall in Love Again |
| 2007 | Things We Do When We Fall in Love |
| | Waiting For Love |
| | Breathing In Mud |
| 2008 | Histeria |
| 2011 | Sini Ada Hantu |
| 2011 | Tolong Awek Aku Pontianak |
| 2015 | Sunti @ Facebook |
| 2017 | Kl24: Zombie |
| 2019 | Two Sisters |
| 2022 | Kill-Fist |
| 2022 | Rasuk |
Shorts:
| Year | Title |
| 2000 | Sunflowers |
| 2002 | Emu Kwan's Tragic Breakfast |
| 2003 | Teatime with John |
| 2003 | Good-bye |
| 2004 | Goodbye to Love |
| 1999 | Ah Yu's Story |
| 2005 | A Moment of Love |
| 2005 | Bernafas Dalam Lumpur |
| 2005 | Sometimes Love is Beautiful |
| 2006 | The Amber Sexalogy |

### Producer

Feature-length:
| Year | Title | Director |
| 2003 | The Big Durian | Amir Muhammad |
| 2003 | First Take, Final Cut | Ng Tian Hann |
| 2004 | Sanctuary | Ho Yuhang |
Short Films:
| Year | Title | Director |
| 2005 | South of South | Tan Chui Mui |
| 2006 | Company of Mushroom | Tan Chui Mui |

### Director of Photography

| Year | Title | Director |
| 2002 | Gedebe | Namron |
| 2004 | 117 | Albert Hue |
| 2004 | Monday Morning Glory | Woo Ming Jin |
| 2006 | South of South | Tan Chui Mui |
| 2005 | Raining Amber | Azharr Rudin |
| 2005 | Majidee | Azharr Rudin |
| 2005 | Follow Me | Albert Hue |
| 2005 | Flower | Liew Seng Tat |
| 2005 | Secret Past | Sylvia Ong |
| 2005 | La Invitation | Charlotte Lim |
| 2005 | Company of Mushroom' | Tan Chui Mui |
| 2005 | Self Portrait | Kok Kai Foong |
| 2006 | Love Conquers All | Tan Chui Mui |
# Lucky Labrador Brewing Company

Lucky Labrador Brewing Company, often referred to as Lucky Lab, is a brewery based in Portland, Oregon, United States. The business was established in 1994. Gary Geist is a co-owner. The brewery became the first in Oregon to use solar power for brewing.

## Locations

There have been multiple locations in Portland. The original pub is on Hawthorne Boulevard in southeast Portland's Buckman neighborhood. Another is in southwest Portland's Multnomah Village. A third is located in northwest Portland's Northwest District neighborhood. In December 2022, the business announced plans to close the location at 1700 North Killingsworth Street in the Overlook neighborhood.
# Sidney Marks

Sidney Michael Marks (January 8, 1919 – March 23, 1995) was a Major General in the United States Army and an All-American wrestler.

## Early life

Marks was born in Keota, Oklahoma to Sidney Z. and Pearl J. (Smith) Marks. His father, a Jewish immigrant from Pilviškiai, Lithuania, served in the Army in World War I. After his father became a permanent patient at the Veteran's Administration Hospital in Little Rock, Arkansas, Marks and his siblings were raised in the American Legion Children's Home (now the Marland Children's Home) in Ponca City, Oklahoma. Marks attended college at Oklahoma A&M, graduating in 1942 with a B.S. in military science. While there he was a member of the 1942 national championship wrestling team, and was named as an All-American, losing the national championship final in the 128-pound class to Burl Jennings.

## Army career

Marks entered the Army as an Infantry officer in 1942. He saw combat as a battalion liaison officer in the 517th Parachute Infantry Regiment during World War II. During the Korean War he served as a commander of an infantry battalion. From 1960 to 1962 he commanded the 504th Parachute Infantry Regiment stationed in Germany. During 1966 and 1967 he was in command of the 1st Infantry Division's 3rd Brigade in Vietnam. He was promoted to major general in 1971 and in 1973 became the United States Army Alaska commanding general. In 1975 he became the deputy commanding general of the 18th Airborne Corps at Fort Bragg.
During his career Marks was decorated with the Silver Star with oak leaf cluster, the Legion of Merit with five oak leaf clusters, the Distinguished Flying Cross, the Bronze Star with five oak leaf clusters, the Air Medal with twenty-six oak leaf clusters, the Purple Heart, the Soldier's Medal, and the Army Commendation with oak leaf cluster.

## Personal life

Marks married Sybil Combs on June 6, 1946. Their children are Steven Michael, Sharon Lynne and Sally Kim Marks. Marks retired to Fayetteville, North Carolina.
# Marcia Arriaga

Marcia Arriaga (born 18 October 1955) is a Mexican former freestyle swimmer. She competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1972 Summer Olympics.
# Donny White

Donny White (November 7, 1942 - August 17, 2021) was an American college athletics administrator and coach. He was the athletic director at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI), a position he held since 1998. White announced his retirement on May 13, 2013. He had also been active as a coach at the school, and had been a cadet-athlete at VMI.

## Playing career

White played college football and college baseball at Virginia Military Institute (VMI) located in Lexington, Virginia. He co-captained the 1964 football team and was selected All-Southern Conference in baseball for three consecutive years as a shortstop. He was inducted into the VMI Sports Hall of Fame in 1975.

## Coaching career
### Baseball

White was named the head baseball coach at VMI in 1982 and led the program for six years. In 1982, he was named Southern Conference Co-Coach of the Year for his efforts with the program.

### Football

White was the interim head football coach for the final game of the 1998 season, finishing out the season after previous head coach Ted Cain was relieved of his duties after a 1–9 start for the season,
# John P. McLaren

John P. McLaren Jr. is a retired United States Army major general.

## Early life and education

Born in Savannah, Georgia, and raised in an Air Force family, McLaren entered the United States Army in 1974 and, after receiving his Regular Army commission as a second lieutenant in the Corps of Engineers, he served at Fort Meade, Maryland, until leaving active duty in May 1978.
McLaren graduated from the Engineer Officer Basic and Advanced Courses, the Infantry Advanced Course, the Command and General Staff College, and the Army War College. He has a bachelor's degree in civil engineering from the Virginia Military Institute and a master's degree in strategic studies from the Army War College. He is a registered professional engineer in the Commonwealth of Virginia.

## Military career

McLaren held numerous command positions at various levels both on active duty and in the United States Army Reserve. He was the commander of the Iraq Assistance Group within Multinational Corps – Iraq. As the commander of the group, he directed the military transition teams assigned to Iraqi army units at the battalion, brigade and division level-coaching, mentoring, and partnering with them in fighting the Counter Insurgency Battle in Iraq. During this mission, then Brigadier General McLaren was the senior representative of the largest mobilization call up of 80th Division Soldiers since World War II. Prior to his deployment to Iraq, McLaren served as the Assistant Division Commander – Operations for the 80th Division (Institutional Training) as well as numerous brigade and battalion level command and staff positions within the division.
McLaren served as the Commanding General of the 80th Training Command from May 17, 2008, to August 29, 2011. Prior to this assignment he worked as the Vice Commander of the Joint War Fighting Center and Deputy Joint Force Trainer at U.S. Joint Forces Command in Suffolk, Virginia. As Deputy Joint Force Trainer he helped lead the USJFCOM joint force training effort to conduct and support the development of capabilities that train the individual services to fight together as a team. He also served as the Deputy Commander of Second Fleet for Joint Task Force Operations.

## Civilian life

McLaren retired as a Supervisory Civil Engineer from the United States Navy after more than thirty-three years of federal service. He currently works for a construction company in Newport News Virginia where he is the Director of Business Development and Construction Operations. He is married and lives in Virginia Beach, Virginia with his family.

## Awards

McLaren's awards and decorations include the Army Distinguished Service Medal, the Defense Superior Service Medal, Legion of Merit, the Bronze Star Medal, the Meritorious Service Medal with one silver and one bronze oak leaf cluster, the Army Commendation Medal with four oak leaf clusters, the Army Achievement Medal with one oak leaf cluster, the Combat Action Badge, the Expert Infantryman Badge, the Ranger Tab and the Parachutist Badge.
# Bill Wilson (Montana politician)

William F. Wilson (born March 28, 1961) is a politician who was a Democratic member of the Montana House of Representatives from 2003 to 2011. Additionally, he was a member of the Montana Senate from 1993 to 2001.