OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jo Abbott

Joseph B. "Jo" Abbott (January 15, 1840 – February 11, 1908) was a lawyer, judge, Confederate Army officer, member of the Texas House of Representatives and a member of the United States House of Representatives from Texas.
The city of Abbott, Texas, is named for him.

## Biography

Joseph B. Abbott was born January 15, 1840, to William and Mary (née McMillan) Abbott in Morgan County, Alabama, near Decatur, and attended the public schools. His parents were both born near Petersburg, Virginia. His father William had been a soldier in the War of 1812, and was stationed at Norfolk, Virginia. Abbott moved with his parents to Freestone County, Texas, in 1853. He was educated by the scholar Franklin Laughlin Yoakum, the father of Benjamin Franklin Yoakum and the president of Larissa College, and George F. Allison, who operated a classical school in Freestone County. He began to read law in 1859 and continued in this practice until the beginning of the American Civil War.
Abbott entered into service of the Confederate Army in the Civil War as a junior second lieutenant, eventually becoming a first lieutenant in Company B of the Twelfth Texas Cavalry Regiment. He fought in at least half a dozen battles including the Battle of Cotton Plant, the Battle of Pleasant Hill, and the Battle of Yellow Bayou, in which he was wounded and disabled for many months. He later rejoined his command and remained with it until the end of the war.
After the end of the war he resumed his studies of law and entered the office of Lochlin J. Farrar in Springfield, Limestone County, Texas, and received instructions from D. W. Pendergast. Abbott was admitted to the bar by Robert S. Gould, who became a chief justice of the Texas Supreme Court. After he became licensed in October 1866, he began to practice law in Springfield as a partner of Farrar. He moved to Hill County in 1867, where he taught a school for five months. He returned to his legal profession after the county court system was organized in 1868. On December 15, 1868, he married Rowena Sturgis of Hillsboro, daughter of James W. L. and Martha Sturgis.
He was a member of the Texas House of Representatives from 1870 to 1873 He was appointed a district judge in the Twenty-eighth judicial district by Governor Oran M. Roberts. In 1880, he was elected for a full four-year term for that position. In 1886, he was elected as a Democrat to the United States House of Representatives, and served in that capacity through the end of Fifty-Fourth Congress in 1897. Upon leaving Congress, he resumed his legal career in Hillsboro, Texas, where he died on February 11, 1908.

## Electoral history
### 1886 election

Texas's 6th congressional district election, 1886     Source: :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Jo Abbott | 19,185 | 60 |
| | Independent | J. C. Kearby | 11,750 | 36.7 |
| | Republican | A. B. Norton | 1,069 | 3.3 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 32,004 | 100 |
# Malus sikkimensis

Malus sikkimensis is a rare species of apple known by the common name Sikkim crabapple. Its Chinese name is xi jin hai tang (锡金海棠).
It bears white and pink flowers and dark red fruit. It was first published in Gatt. Pomac. in 1890.
It is native to China, Nepal, Bhutan, Assam, Tibet and parts of India, where it is threatened due to loss of habitat.
The edible fruits are a primary source (within India and the Himalayas) of dietary dihydrochalcones and flavonoids (both organic compounds). An extract of the fruit has potential for protective and therapeutic properties.
# Espinosa, Dorado, Puerto Rico

Espinosa is a barrio in the municipality of Dorado, Puerto Rico. Its population in 2010 was 4,534.

## Sectors

Barrios (which are, in contemporary times, roughly comparable to minor civil divisions) in turn are further subdivided into smaller local populated place areas/units called sectores (sectors in English). The types of sectores may vary, from normally sector to urbanización to reparto to barriada to residencial, among others.
The following sectors are in Espinosa barrio:
Apartamentos Altos de Miraflores, Comunidad Fortuna Comunidad La PRRA, Comunidad Río Nuevo, Parcelas Kuilan, PR-2 stretch (both sides between kilometers 25.4 and 28.0), Reparto Del Valle, Sector Abayarde, Sector Concepción, Sector Cuba Libre, Sector Guarisco, Sector Jácana, Sector Kuilan, Sector La Línea, Sector Laguna I y II,Sector Los Morales, Sector Mavito, Sector Reparto Dorado, Sector Rodríguez, Sector Romanes, Sector Silverio Mojica (Chícharo), Sector Tiburón, Urbanización Golden Hills, Urbanización Haciendas de Dorado, Urbanización Los Montes, Urbanización Miraflores, Urbanización Monte Bello, Urbanización Monte Mar, Urbanización Monte Mayor, Urbanización Monte Real, Urbanización Monte Sol, Urbanización Monte Verde, Urbanización Palmar Dorado, and Urbanización Valle Dorado.
Antigua Escuela Teresa Préstamo, an elementary school was located in the Mavito sector of Espinosa barrio until its closure in 2018.

## History

Espinosa was in Spain's gazetteers until Puerto Rico was ceded by Spain in the aftermath of the Spanish–American War under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 and became an unincorporated territory of the United States. In 1899, the United States Department of War conducted a census of Puerto Rico finding that the population of Espinosa barrio was 787.
Drug trafficking has been an issue in Puerto Rico for many years and in early 1990, $43 million dollars in cash was found buried in plastic barrels, thought to have been deposited by drug smugglers for later retrieval. The sudden wealth of a few residents attracted attention and prompted an investigation by FBI and local police. By May 1990, the FBI had traced $11 million and seized and confiscated property and goods purchased with the money, which was said to belong to drug lord Ramon Torres Gonzalez. FBI stated the money was located on his farm in the Tiburón sector of Espinosa in Dorado and filed charges shortly after.

## Gallery

* Puerto Rico Highway 677 in Espinosa
* Puerto Rico Highway 679 in Espinosa
# Three Sisters and Elephant Rock

The Three Sisters and Elephant Rock are seastacks at the mouth of the Tongapōrutu River in Tongapōrutu, North Taranaki, New Zealand. They are accessible by foot from a carpark at low tide.
Erosion is slowly claiming the 25-metre (82 ft) formations. At the beginning of the 21st century there were four "sisters", but only two remain as of 2024. In 2016, Elephant Rock also lost the "trunk" which gave it its resemblance to the animal of the same name, leaving a single natural arch. Losses to the main landmass in the area have occasionally produced extra "sisters", such as one that appeared in 2013.
# Le Matin Bleu

Le Matin Bleu (literally: "The blue morning") was a Swiss French language free daily newspaper, published by Edipresse in Lausanne between 2005 and 2009.

## History

A tabloid-format newspaper, Le Matin Bleu was first published on 31 October 2005, and had a circulation of about 100,000. It was launched in anticipation of 20 minutes, the French-language edition of 20 Minuten, starting 8 March 2006, both of which are also free daily newspapers.
The newspaper was distributed in the most-populated areas of Romandy. While it shared its name with the daily newspaper Le Matin, also published by Edipresse, it was edited independently.
On 24 September 2009, the newspaper ceased publication because of the merger of Edipresse and Tamedia, which was already publishing 20 minutes.
# Druid's Head Inn

The Druid's Head Inn is a grade II listed building in the town centre of Monmouth, Monmouthshire, Wales. It is located in the historic Glendower Street and Chippenhamgate Street neighbourhood, within the medieval town walls. The building served as a public house during most of its history, but for the last several decades has been the headquarters of the Monmouth Rugby Football Club.

## History

The Druid's Head Inn on Glendower Street in Monmouth is a grade II listed building. It is located on the south side of Glendower Street, within the medieval town walls that were built around 1300. The building is adjacent to the Monmouth Police Station, and both have had the 19 Glendower Street address at times (see below). The street on which the Druid's Head Inn is situated was referred to as Grinder Street or Grinders Street in the medieval and post-medieval periods, as late as the mid nineteenth century. The building is located at the corner of Glendower Street (where it veers to the north) and Chippenhamgate Street and, at times, the address has been recorded as Chippenhamgate Street (see below).
Pigot's Directory of Monmouthshire for 1844 indicated that the proprietor of the Druid's Head on Grinder Street was William Beavan.
The London Gazette of 16 October 1877 reported that David Evans, tailor and licensed victualler of the Druid's Head Inn, Glendower Street, Monmouth, had declared bankruptcy.
In Kelly's Directory of Monmouthshire for Monmouth in 1901, John Pembridge is listed as the proprietor of the Druid's Head Inn at Chippenhamgate Street.
By 1969, Monmouth Rugby Football Club purchased the public house as its headquarters. The Druid's Head Inn was grade II listed on 15 August 1974. The listing text indicated that there was a nameplate on the house which claimed a Chippenhamgate Street address, but asserted that it was in error. The pub has a two-storey, two-bay elevation with a roughcast exterior. During the mid-1980s, the club added an extension which included a lounge and dressing rooms. A two-storey extension was constructed in 1998, to accommodate a larger bar on the ground floor and a function room and kitchen on the first floor. The second renovation cost more than £85,000 and was realised through the fundraisers held by the club's volunteers. The Druid's Head Inn remains the headquarters of the Monmouth Rugby Football Club. Over the years, the pub has been known by slightly different names, including the Old Druid's Head and Old Druids Meads.
# Why You Can't Teach United States History without American Indians

Why You Can't Teach United States History without American Indians is a 2015 book by Susan Sleeper-Smith, Juliana Barr, Jean M. O'Brien, Nancy Shoemaker, and Scott Manning Stevens. The book is about adding discussions of Native Americans into United States history courses.

## Content

The book is divided has 19 essays and those essays are further divided into three parts titled "U.S. History to 1877," "U.S. History since 1877," and "Reconceptualizing the Narrative." The sixteen essays that makes up the first two parts show how central Native Americans where to the history of the United States. "Reconceptualizing the Narrative", consisting of three essays, are about how readers can reinterpret settler colonialism, federalism, sovereignty, and globalism in the framework of Native American studies. All of the essays include suggested readings, citations, illustrations, and maps.

## Reception

Brenden W. Rensink of the Journal of the Native American and Indigenous Studies Association said, "Native peoples, especially Native voices, often do not appear in documentary records and archives, but their influence over the course of American history is undeniable. This makes it all the more frustrating when broad national American narratives are repeated generation after generation with wholly insufficient attention paid to the Native actors and forces that were often at the center of historical events. This volume is a tool to rectify this wrong.". Orian Svingen of American Indian Culture and Research Journal wrote, "Admittedly, the academy and public education are both playing "catch-up" with American Indian history, and a number of American history survey texts are improving their coverage of American Indians. This volume will become increasingly relevant as more states take up the mandate of ensuring that high schools include coverage of American Indian history, tribal government, and culture."
Andrew Denson of the Journal of Southern History praised the book, but said that "the volume would benefit, however, from greater discussion of teaching methods, which only a few of the contributors address directly."
# Grojec

Grojec or Grójec may refer to:
* Grojec, Chrzanów County in Lesser Poland Voivodeship (south Poland)
* Grójec, a town in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
* Grójec, Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
* Grojec, Oświęcim County, a village in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, (south Poland)
* Grójec, Przasnysz County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
* Grójec, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (south-central Poland)
* Grojec, Silesian Voivodeship (south Poland)
# Joseph C. Hutcheson

Joseph Chappell Hutcheson, Sr. (May 18, 1842 – May 25, 1924), was a Texas politician and a Democratic member of the Texas House of Representatives and the United States House of Representatives.

## Biography

Hutcheson was born near Boydton, Virginia on May 18, 1842. He attended the local schools, and graduated from Randolph-Macon College in 1861.
He enlisted in the Confederate States Army for the American Civil War, joining the 21st Virginia Infantry Regiment as a private. He served throughout the war and rose to the rank of captain as commander of Company E, 14th Virginia Infantry.
After the war Hutcheson attended the University of Virginia School of Law, from which he graduated in 1866. He moved to Anderson, Texas, was admitted to the bar, and began to practice. In 1874 Hutcheson moved to Houston, Texas, where he continued to practice law.
A Democrat, he served in the Texas House of Representatives in 1880. In 1892 he was elected to represent Texas's 1st congressional district in the United States House of Representatives, and he was reelected in 1894. Hutcheson served in the 53rd and 54th Congresses, (March 4, 1893 to March 3, 1897). He did not run for reelection in 1896, and resumed the practice of law in Houston.
Hutcheson died at his summer home on Signal Mountain, near Chattanooga, Tennessee on May 25, 1924. He was buried at Glenwood Cemetery in Houston.
His son, Joseph Chappell Hutcheson Jr., was a Mayor of Houston and a federal judge.
A grandson, Thad Hutcheson, also a Houston lawyer, was a Republican candidate in the 1957 special election for United States Senator, and was defeated by Democrat Ralph Yarborough. Thad Hutcheson also served as chairman of the Texas GOP.
# Scott Ratliff

Scott J. Ratliff (born January 19, 1943) is an American politician in the state of Wyoming. An Eastern Shoshone, he is the first Native American to be elected to the Wyoming State Legislature and served as a Democrat for Fremont County, Wyoming from 1980 to 1992.
Ratliff was born in Fort Washakie, Wyoming in 1943, and attended Pavillion High School near his family's horse ranch north of Pavillion, Wyoming. He earned degrees at Arapahoe Community College, Black Hills State College (1971) and the University of Wyoming (1973). Holding a master's degree in guidance and counseling, he worked at Eastern Wyoming College and Central Wyoming College. He also served in the Vietnam War and was wounded in action.
After serving as state representative, Ratliff was a member of the Wyoming State Council on Juvenile Justice, Wyoming Cowboy Hall of Fame Board, Shoshone Economic Board, Wyoming State Board of Tribal Economics, and National Advisory Council on Indian Education. He received a human rights award from the Wyoming Counseling Association in 1990. Ratliff is married to Sheri and has three daughters.
# Randy Corman

J. Randall "Randy" Corman (born September 25, 1960) is an American Republican Party politician who served a single term in the New Jersey Senate, from 1992 to 1994, where he represented the 19th Legislative District, which covers portions of Middlesex County.

## Biography

Corman was born in El Paso, Texas and raised in Sayreville, New Jersey, where he graduated from Sayreville War Memorial High School in 1978. He was inducted into the school's hall of fame in 2006. He graduated from Rutgers University in 1982.
He continues to reside in Sayreville with his wife and 4 children.

## Elective office and government service

Together with Emery Z. Toth, Corman ran for Assembly in the 19th District in 1989, losing to incumbent Democrat George Otlowski and Jim McGreevey. As a councilmember in Sayreville, Corman had opposed the construction of an incinerator project in Sayreville based on environmental concerns that did not justify the development on the former NL Industries site.
In 1991, Corman ran for the Senate in what had traditionally been a solidly Democratic district, as part of a campaign that targeted the Democrats statewide as being responsible for higher taxes. As part of the Republican landslide that year in the New Jersey Legislature in the wake of Governor of New Jersey Jim Florio's $2.8 billion tax increase package, Corman was elected to the Senate together with running mates Stephen A. Mikulak and Ernest L. Oros in the New Jersey General Assembly, defeating Laurence S. Weiss in the Senate and incumbent Democrat Thomas J. Deverin and his running mate Jay Ziznewski in the Assembly. After one term in office, Corman lost his seat in the Senate to Democrat Jim McGreevey, one of three Senate seats that the Democrats picked up in that year's election cycle.
Corman sponsored one of a set of bills proposed in October 1992 that would increase penalties for motor vehicle theft, arguing that it deserves more than "a slap on the wrist". He cited an incident in which a juvenile sought to be arrested so that he could join his friends in a juvenile detention center, with Corman insisting that juvenile car thieves "should not look at incarceration like summer camp".
In December 1992, Corman introduced legislation in the Senate that would subject "anyone conducting unauthorized surveillance of customers in a retail business in New Jersey" to arrest on disorderly conduct charges; New York City had been sending investigators to shopping malls in New Jersey to record the license plate numbers of vehicle from New York State as part of an effort to determine if shoppers from New York were liable for use tax on purchases made in the Garden State.
Corman was named as director of law for the New Jersey Turnpike Authority in April 1997, a position paying an annual salary of $95,000, as part of what The Record described as "a parade of former Middlesex County officials who have landed lucrative jobs at the toll-road agency".
Corman is a judge with the Middlesex County Worker's Compensation Court, having been nominated by then-Governor Chris Christie in 2013.
# Nicponie

Nicponie is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Chojnice, within Chojnice County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) east of Chojnice and 96 km (60 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Ed Murray (Tennessee politician)

Charles Edward Murray (August 16, 1928 – May 29, 2009) was speaker of the Tennessee House of Representatives for two terms, from 1987 to 1991.
A Democrat and a native of Decherd, Tennessee, he was widely regarded as a protégé of Ned Ray McWherter, the previous speaker, who became Tennessee governor in 1987.
A native of Decherd, Tennessee, Murray attended Franklin County public schools, the University of the South, Middle Tennessee State University, and Nashville School of Law. He worked as a lawyer.
He was first elected to the state House in 1970, representing the 39th District, and served from 1971 to 1991. After Ned McWherter won the 1986 gubernatorial election, Murray was voted on January 13, 1987 to serve as Speaker of the House. He did not seek re-election in 1990, and was subsequently appointed claims commissioner for Middle Tennessee by McWherter. He retired from that office in 1995.
Murray died on May 29, 2009, in The Villages, Florida, where he had made his home since 2004.
# William Richardson (Alabama politician)

William Richardson (May 8, 1839 – March 31, 1914) was an American politician and lawyer.
Born in Athens, Alabama, to William Richardson and Anne Davis, Richardson served in the Civil War, fighting for the Confederacy.

## Civil War

Richardson enlisted in Co. K, 50th Regiment Alabama Infantry and was wounded in the battle of Shiloh and was taken prisoner. He escaped from prison, was caught, and about to be shot as a spy at Murfreesboro when "on the morning air there came to our ears with heartfelt welcome the famous rebel yell," and General Forrest with his "critter company" rescued him. This account is given in Andrew Nelson Lytle's Bedford Forrest and His Horse Critters. William then joined Company E of the 50th Alabama Infantry Regiment, and was again wounded at Chickamauga. He was paroled in April 1865 in Marietta, Georgia.

## Political office

After the war, Richardson returned to Limestone County and served in the Alabama House of Representatives between 1865 and 1867 from that district. He studied law and was admitted to the bar at Huntsville in 1867. Between 1875 and 1886, he served as judge of the probate and county courts of Madison County. Richardson played a major role in the election of George Smith Houston as governor the next year. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1904.
He was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-sixth congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Joseph Wheeler. He was reelected to the Fifty-seventh and to the six succeeding Congresses. He served until his death.

## Personal life

Richardson married his cousin, Elizabeth Rucker, of Lynchburg, Virginia in 1872, and they were the parents of five children.
Richardson died on March 31, 1914, in Atlantic City, New Jersey, where he had gone for his health, and is buried in Maple Hill Cemetery in Huntsville.