OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eastview Birth Control Trial

Part of a series on :
History of Ottawa :
| Bytown | (founded 1826) |
| City of Ottawa | (1855–present) |
Timeline :
| Timber trade | 1806 |
| Rideau Canal | 1826 |
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| Greber Plan | 1950 |
| Transitway | 1983 |
| Embassy attack | 1985 |
| Ottawa Senators | 1992 |
| Trillium Line | 2001 |
| Parliament shootings | 2014 |
| Confederation Line | 2019 |
| Convoy protests | 2022 |
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The Eastview Birth Control Trial was an important event in the history of contraception in Canada. In keeping with contemporary Christian views on contraception, the dissemination of information and the possession of materials relating to birth control were illegal in Canada. The trial was the first successful legal challenge, and it marked the beginning of a shift in Canadian society's acceptance towards such practices (McLaren and McLaren, 85–87).
On September 14, 1936, 28-year-old Dorothea Palmer was arrested in Eastview (now Vanier, Ontario), where a large number of people of French-Canadian or Irish ancestry made up the town's population of about 4,000. Palmer was charged under section 207 of the Criminal Code for possessing and distributing materials and pamphlets related to birth control. As she was working for the Kitchener-based Parents' Information Bureau (PIB), her arrest could have led to the collapse of the organization and as many as two years' imprisonment for Palmer. However, the PIB was the brainchild of industrialist A.R. Kaufman, a eugenically minded industrialist, whose family founded Kaufman Rubber Company. His financial support and the hiring of defence attorney F. W. Wegenast would eventually see Palmer's charges dropped. The trial lasted from September 1936 to March 1937.$^{:2}$
Ultimately, the case was dismissed by the presiding magistrate Lester H. Clayton, who ruled that, as Palmer's actions were "in the public good," no charges could be held against her.$^{:44}$ In his final ruling, he explained that:
   The mothers are in poor health, pregnant nine months of the year ... What chance do these children have to be properly fed, clothed and educated? They are a burden on the taxpayer. They crowd the juvenile court. They glut the competitive labour market.
Although contraception was not fully legalized in Canada until 1969, Palmer was the only person to be prosecuted for providing information about birth control.
# Bill Wood (politician)

Bill Wood AM (4 November 1935 – 19 May 2024) was an Australian politician who served as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland and the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly.

## Career

Wood was elected to the Queensland Parliament as the Labor member for Cook in 1969, transferring in 1972 to the new seat of Barron River. He was defeated in 1974 by Country Party candidate Martin Tenni.
Wood was elected the first ACT Legislative Assembly in 1989, re-elected to the 2nd Assembly in 1992, elected to represent Brindabella in the Assembly in 1995, 1998 and 2001 general elections. He did not contest the 2004 ACT general election.
In 2013, Wood was made a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) for "significant service to the community and the Legislative Assembly of the Australian Capital Territory".

## Personal life

Wood's identical twin brother Peter Wood, and their father Les Wood also served terms in the Queensland Parliament. Les was also briefly the leader of the Queensland ALP prior to his death in 1958. Wood died on 19 May 2024, aged 88.
# 1987 UNLV Rebels football team

The 1987 UNLV Rebels football team was an American football team that represented the University of Nevada, Las Vegas in the Pacific Coast Athletic Association during the 1987 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their second year under head coach Wayne Nunnely, the team compiled a 5–6 record.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 12 | at Southwestern Louisiana* | Cajun FieldLafayette, LA | L 10–21 | 16,241 |
| September 19 | Baylor* | Sam Boyd Silver BowlWhitney, NV | L 14–21 | 27,128 |
| October 3 | Nevada* | Sam Boyd Silver BowlWhitney, NV (rivalry) | W 24–19 | 25,584 |
| October 10 | Utah State | Sam Boyd Silver BowlWhitney, NV | W 28–27 | 23,363 |
| October 17 | at Cal State Fullerton | Santa Ana StadiumSanta Ana, CA | L 14–28 | 6,019 |
| October 24 | at San Jose State | Spartan StadiumSan Jose, CA | L 24–48 | 20,108 |
| October 31 | at Fresno State | Bulldog StadiumFresno, CA | L 10–45 | 31,595 |
| November 7 | Long Beach State | Sam Boyd Silver BowlWhitney, NV | W 30–17 | 16,071 |
| November 14 | at New Mexico State | Aggie Memorial StadiumLas Cruces, NM | W 29–6 | 4,219 |
| November 21 | Pacific (CA) | Sam Boyd Silver BowlWhitney, NV | W 30–24 | 14,500 |
| November 28 | Northern Illinois* | Sam Boyd Silver BowlWhitney, NV | L 31–34 | 14,650 |
| *Non-conference game ||||||
# Saldurspitze

The Saldurspitze or Salurnspitze (Italian: Punta Saldura) is a mountain in the Saldurkamm group of the Ötztal Alps. It forms a double peak with the slightly higher Lagaunspitze to the southeast.
# Asif Mohammad

Asif Mohammad (born 21 December 1965) is a former Pakistani cricketer who played 115 matches of first-class cricket in Pakistan, mostly for Pakistan International Airlines (PIA), from 1979 to 2000. His father was the cricketer Raees Mohammad, and his uncles Wazir, Hanif, Mushtaq and Sadiq all played Test cricket for Pakistan.
Asif toured Zimbabwe with PIA in 1981–82, playing in both first-class matches against Zimbabwe, and scored a century in the second match. When the Sri Lanka Under-23 side toured Pakistan in 1983–84, he played in two of the three matches for Pakistan Under-23 against the tourists. His highest first-class score was 183 for PIA against Agriculture Development Bank in the semi-final of the Patron's Trophy in 1993–94, when he batted for ten and a half hours. He was a member of PIA's title-winning teams in the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy in 1987–88 and 1989–90.
# Milton Glick

Milton Don Glick (July 30, 1937 – April 16, 2011) was an American educator, researcher and academic administrator who served as 15th president of the University of Nevada, Reno from 2006 until his death on April 16, 2011.

## Education

Glick was born in Memphis, Tennessee, to parents Lewis Glick and Sylvia Kleinman Glick. He studied chemistry at Augustana College (Illinois) in Rock Island, Illinois and received his bachelor's degree in 1959. He earned his doctorate in chemistry from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1965. He completed his academic trainings with two years of post-doctoral studies at Cornell University.

## Career
### Wayne State University 1967–1983

He joined Wayne State University chemistry faculty in 1967, became an expert in the field of X-ray crystallography, and published 99 research articles during his time at Wayne State. He remained at Wayne State for 17 years and served as chair of the department of chemistry in his last five years.

### University of Missouri and Iowa State University era

He was dean of the College of Arts and Science at the University of Missouri from 1983 to 1988 and was responsible for many advances, including a writing-across-the-curriculum program that became a model for other universities. From 1988 to 1991, he served as provost at Iowa State University and as interim president for the final eight months.

### Arizona State University 1991–2006

He served as senior vice president in 1991, and then as executive vice president and provost at Arizona State University (ASU). During his 15 year-tenure with ASU, the school experienced unprecedented success, with a doubling number of minorities enrollment, a 20-percent improvement in freshman retention rate, and a 15-percent improvement in graduation rate. Funding for sponsored research tripled, and ASU recruited 10 faculty with prestigious national academy memberships, and one Nobel Laureate. The number of National Merit Scholars rose from about a dozen to more than 500 and the Tempe campus became the largest in the United States in terms of enrollment.

### University of Nevada, Reno 2006–2011

Glick was appointed as the 15th president of University of Nevada, Reno in 2006. During his five-year tenure as president, he strengthened the university in the areas ranging from student success to research capacity to campus expansion, and set all-time records in enrollment and graduation. Freshman retention rates reached 80 percent and the number of National Merit Scholars increased from a handful to 38 during the 2010–2011 academic year. All these efforts led the institution being named a Tier I school in U.S. News & World Report's annual rankings for the first time in the university's history in 2010.
# Homer A. Ramey

Homer Alonzo Ramey (March 2, 1891 – April 13, 1960) was an American lawyer and politician who served three terms as a U.S. Representative from Ohio from 1943 to 1949.

## Biography

He was born on a farm near Sparta, South Bloomfield Township, Ohio. His parents were Burt C. and Mae (Bockoven) Ramey. He attended the grade and high schools. He was graduated from Park College of Parkville, Missouri in 1913, and from the law school of Ohio Northern University at Ada in 1916. He attended Cincinnati Law School as a special student in 1917. He was admitted to the bar in 1917 and commenced practice in Put-in-Bay, Ohio.

## Political career

Ramey served as member of the State house of representatives from 1920 to 1924. He served in the Ohio Senate in 1925 and 1926. He served as judge of the municipal court of Toledo, Ohio from 1926 to 1943. He was an unsuccessful candidate for election in 1938 to the Seventy-sixth Congress.
Ramey was elected as a Republican to the Seventy-eighth, Seventy-ninth, and Eightieth Congresses (January 3, 1943 – January 3, 1949). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1948 to the Eighty-first Congress and for election in 1950 to the Eighty-second Congress. He was appointed in 1949 and subsequently elected judge of the municipal court of Toledo and served in that capacity until his death in Toledo, Ohio, on April 13, 1960. He was interred in Ottawa Hills Memorial Park.

## Personal life

Ramey married Ruby Dearth on November 28, 1915. He was a member of Masons, Fraternal Order of Eagles, I.O.O.F., Modern Woodmen of America, and Jr. O.U.A.M.
# Future Republic

Future Republic (Italian: Repubblica Futura, RF) is a centrist political party in San Marino which was formerly governing with Democratic Socialist Left and Civic 10.
The party was formed on the 24th and 25 February 2017 by a merger of the Popular Alliance (AP) and the Union for the Republic (UPR).
The youth wing of the party is Future Generation (Italian: Generazione Futura).

## Overview

For the 2016 election, the Popular Alliance (AP) and the Union for the Republic (UPR) formed a coalition and ran under the winning Adesso.sm alliance. They received 11 seats.
One of the 11 Grand Councillors, Margherita Amici, is part of the delegation of San Marino to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.
Within the State Congress, two Secretaries of State are from Future Republic: Nicola Renzi as Secretary of State for Foreign, Political Affairs and Justice and Marco Podeschi as Secretary of State for Education, Culture, University, Justice, Research, Information, Sport, Innovation and Relations with the Azienda Autonoma di Stato per i Servizi Pubblici.
Following this electoral success, the two parties decided in February 2017 to merge and create a new party.
Future Republic is a member of the European Democratic Party.

## Electoral history

Grand and General Council :
| Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Government |
| 2016 | Mario Venturini | 1,865 | 9.60 (#4) | 11 / 60 | 6 | Coalition |
| 2019 | Mario Venturini | 1,850 | 10.29 (#5) | 6 / 60 | 5 | Opposition |
| 2024 | Roberto Giorgetti | 2,178 | 11.98 (#4) | 8 / 60 | 2 | Opposition |
# Nam Sung Kim

Nam Sung Kim (김남승; born c. 1974) is a full professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign an IEEE and ACM Fellow. He was on leave for two years serving as a Corporate Senior Vice President at Samsung Electronics and leading the development of the first commercial memory product with near memory computing capability.
Kim received his B.S. (1997) and M.S. (2000) in electrical engineering from the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology before moving to the United States for his Ph.D. at the University of Michigan. From 2004 to 2008 he was a senior research scientist at Intel. He joined in the faculty of the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 2008, and moved to the University of Illinois in 2015 and then moved again to Samsung as an engineer in the memory division in 2018. He was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2016 "for contribution to circuits and architectures for power-efficient microprocessors".
# Q'ara Qullu (Loayza)

Q'ara Qullu (Aymara q'ara bare, bald, qullu mountain, "bare mountain", also spelled Khara Khollu, Khara Kkollu) is a 4,930 m (16,170 ft) mountain in the Bolivian Andes. It is located in the La Paz Department, Loayza Province, Luribay Municipality. Q'ara Qullu lies southwest of Suka Sukani, northwest of Urqu Jipiña and southeast of K'ark'ani. The little lake northwest of Q'ara Qullu is Wila Quta ("red lake").
# Kalawit

Kalawit, officially the Municipality of Kalawit (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Kalawit; Subanen: Benwa Kalawit; Chavacano: Municipalidad de Kalawit; Tagalog: Bayan ng Kalawit), is a municipality in the province of Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,812 people.
It was created by virtue of Republic Act No. 6851 on February 10, 1990.

## Geography
### Barangays

Kalawit is politically subdivided into 14 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks while some have sitios.
* Batayan
* Botong
* Concepcion
* Daniel Maing (Dominolog)
* Fatima (Lacsutan)
* Gatas
* Kalawit (Poblacion)
* Marcelo
* New Calamba
* Palalian
* Paraiso
* Pianon
* San Jose
* Tugop

### Climate

Climate data for Kalawit, Zamboanga del Norte :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 28 (82) | 28 (82) | 29 (84) | 28 (82) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22 (72) | 22 (72) | 23 (73) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 23 (73) | 24 (74) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 96 (3.8) | 79 (3.1) | 117 (4.6) | 127 (5.0) | 239 (9.4) | 301 (11.9) | 286 (11.3) | 283 (11.1) | 255 (10.0) | 272 (10.7) | 188 (7.4) | 115 (4.5) | 2,358 (92.8) |
| Average rainy days | 17.3 | 16.0 | 19.7 | 21.6 | 29.0 | 29.0 | 29.7 | 29.1 | 28.5 | 28.9 | 25.3 | 20.0 | 294.1 |
| Source: Meteoblue ||||||||||||||

## Economy

Poverty incidence of Kalawit
* 10
* 20
* 30
* 40
* 50
* 60
* 70
* 2006 60.40
* 2009 65.83
* 2012 52.94
* 2015 61.91
* 2018 56.47
* 2021 54.75
* Source: Philippine Statistics Authority
# USS Maryland (1799)

USS Maryland was a sloop-of-war in the United States Navy. She served during the Quasi-War with France.
Maryland was built by public subscription in Baltimore under the Act of 30 June 1798; launched at Price Shipyard, Baltimore, 3 June 1799; and accepted by the Navy in August 1799, Captain John Rodgers in command.
Maryland departed Baltimore 13 September 1799 for the Surinam station. Arriving 1 October, the sloop cruised from French Guiana to Curaçao protecting American shipping from attacks by French warships and privateers. The Napoleonic Wars were ongoing in Europe and the French were searching and seizing merchant vessels trading with the British West Indies, causing much loss to American commerce. Maryland captured the schooner Clarissa, an American slave trader without papers 4 January 1800, and then on 26 July fell in with and recaptured without a fight the Portuguese brig Gloria da Mar, which had been captured by French privateer Cherry of Bourdeaux 13 days previous.
The sloop left Surinam for home 9 August 1800, having served since December 1799 as the only American naval vessel on the Surinam station. Sailing by way of St. Kitts, and St. Thomas, Maryland escorted a large convoy of American and British merchant vessels to safe waters, in addition to capturing Aerial, an American merchantman on 2 September. Aerial had been trading with the enemy and arraigned a fake capture by a privateer as cover. On 10 September 1800 she set sail for St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, with USS Eagle, escorting a convoy of 52 ships. On an unknown date she and the USS Maryland recaptured the brig Mahitable.
Maryland arrived at Baltimore on 1 October for repairs. In a letter dated 20 February to Josiah Parker, Chaiman of the Committee on Naval Affairs, Navy Secretary Stoddert recommended selling her. The sloop departed Baltimore on 22 March 1801 with Congressman John Dawson of Virginia, President Adams' designated bearer of the amended and ratified Treaty of Mortefontaine with France, and arrived Havre de Grâce, France, in early May. The sloop remained until 15 July, when, because of difficulties in obtaining ratification, she was released by Congressman Dawson and sent home. Carrying several diplomatic passengers and important letters and dispatches, she returned to her home port in Baltimore on 28 August. Captain Rodgers discharged the crew and then sold Maryland on 2 October 1801 for $20,200.
# Sauce It Up

"Sauce It Up" is a song by American rapper Lil Uzi Vert from their debut album Luv Is Rage 2 (2017). It was released as the album's third single to urban contemporary radio on February 27, 2018. The track was produced by Don Cannon and written by Cannon and Lil Uzi Vert. It peaked at number 49 on the US Billboard Hot 100.

## Chart performance

"Sauce It Up" debuted at number 49 on the Billboard Hot 100 for the chart dated September 23, 2017.

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (2017–2018) | Peak position |
| Canada (Canadian Hot 100) | 82 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 49 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 21 |
| US Rhythmic (Billboard) | 15 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2017) | Position |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 94 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2018) | Position |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 60 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | 4× Platinum | 4,000,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Kurthuwa

Kurthuwa is a village panchayat located in the Azamgarh district of Uttar-Pradesh state, India. The Tehsil for this panchayat is Phulpur. Lucknow is the state capital for Kurthuwa village. It is located around 233.2 kilometer away from Kurthuwa.
The other nearest state capital from Kurthuwa is Patna and its distance is 127.1 km. The other surrounding state capitals are Patna 234.9 km., Ranchi 378.3 km., Gangtok 600.3 km.
Kurthuwa is surrounded by Mirzapur Tehsil towards East, Dharma Pur Tehsil towards South, Thekma Tehsil towards East, Karanja Kala Tehsil towards west.

## Language of Kurthuwa

The native language of Village Kurthuwa is Hindi, Urdu, Bhojpuri and most of the people are able to speak and understand Hindi, Urdu. Kurthuwa people use Hindi/Bhojpuri language for general communication.

## Nearest Railway station

| Station Name | Distance |
| Mihrawan railway station | 10.7 km |
| Kheta Sarai railway station | 16.1 km |
| Muftiganj railway station | 18.2 km |
| Zafarabad Jn railway station | 19.5 km |
| Jaunpur City railway station | 20.0 km |

## Nearest Airport

| Azamgarh Airport | 45.0 km. |
| Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport | 46.5 km |

## Nearby villages

Nearby Villages of Kurthuwa
* Sonhara
* Ajaur
* Kamalpur
* Barra
* Chiksanwa
* Chaktek Chand
* Chak Patti
* Bairi
* Barauna
* Adhawal
* Lalan Garha

## Caste and People

Kurthuwa village of Azamgarh has substantial population of Schedule Caste. Schedule Caste (SC) constitutes 34.05% of total population in Kurthuwa village. The village Kurthuwa currently doesn't have any Schedule Tribe (ST) population.
# I, Libertine

I, Libertine is a historical novel that began as a practical joke by late-night radio raconteur Jean Shepherd who aimed to lampoon the process of determining best-selling books. After generating substantial attention for a novel that did not actually exist, Shepherd approved a 1956 edition of the book written mainly by Theodore Sturgeon—which was later claimed to have become an actual best-seller, with all profits donated to charity.

## Creation

Shepherd was annoyed at the way bestseller lists were compiled in the mid-1950s. These lists were determined from sales figures and from the number of requests for new and upcoming books at bookstores. Shepherd urged his listeners to enter bookstores and ask for a non-existent book. He fabricated the author (Frederick R. Ewing) of this imaginary novel, concocted a title (I, Libertine), and outlined a basic plot for his listeners to use on bookstore clerks. Fans of the show took it further, planting references to the book and author so widely that demand for the book led to unsupported claims of its inclusion on The New York Times Best Seller list.

## Publication

Bookstores became interested in carrying Ewing's novel, which allegedly had been banned in Boston. When publisher Ian Ballantine, novelist Theodore Sturgeon, and Shepherd met for lunch, Ballantine hired Sturgeon to write a novel based on Shepherd's outline. Betty Ballantine completed the final chapter after Sturgeon fell asleep, exhausted, on the Ballantines' couch, having tried to meet the deadline in one marathon typing session.
On September 13, 1956, Ballantine Books published I, Libertine simultaneously in hardcover and paperback editions with Shepherd pictured as Ewing, looking as dissolute as possible, on the back cover author's photograph. The proceeds from book sales were donated to charity. A few weeks before publication, The Wall Street Journal officially "exposed" the hoax, already an open secret.

### Plot

I, Libertine tells the story of a social climber who styles himself as Lance Courtenay. Most of the plot is closely based on the life of Elizabeth Chudleigh. An afterword states that "The story of Elizabeth Chudleigh is substantially true ...", which could easily be taken as being part of the hoax, ironically.

### Cover painting

The front cover displays a quote: "'Gadzooks,' quoth I, 'but here's a saucy bawd!'". The cover painting by Frank Kelly Freas includes hidden images and inside jokes: The sign on the tavern, Fish & Staff, has a shepherd's staff and an image of a sturgeon, referencing both Sturgeon and Shepherd. A portion of the word often spoken on the air by Shepherd – "Excelsior!" – can be seen on the paperback cover in a triangular area at extreme left, where it is part of the decoration on the coach door. The entire word is visible on the hardcover dust jacket, which features more of the illustration.