# Cass Scenic Railroad State Park

Cass Scenic Railroad State Park is a state park and heritage railroad located in Cass, Pocahontas County, West Virginia.
It consists of the Cass Scenic Railroad, a 11-mile (18 km) long 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge heritage railway owned by the West Virginia State Rail Authority and operated by the Durbin and Greenbrier Valley Railroad. The park also includes the former company town of Cass and a portion of the summit of Bald Knob, the highest point on Back Allegheny Mountain.

## History

Founded in 1901 by the West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company (now WestRock), Cass was built as a company town to serve the needs of the men who worked in the nearby mountains cutting spruce and hemlock for the West Virginia Spruce Lumber Company, a subsidiary of WVP&P. At one time, the sawmill at Cass was the largest double-band sawmill in the world. It processed an estimated 1.25 billion board feet (104,000,000 cu ft; 2,950,000 m$^3$) of lumber during its lifetime.
In 1901 work started on the 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge railroad, which climbs Back Allegheny Mountain. The railroad eventually reached a meadow area, now known as Whittaker Station, where a logging camp was established for the immigrants who were building the railroad. The railroad soon reached to the top of Gobblers Knob, and then a location on top of the mountain known as 'Spruce'. The railroad built a small town at that location, complete with a company store, houses, a hotel, and a doctor's office. Work soon commenced on logging the red spruce trees, which grew in the higher elevations.
The WVP&P originally had only been interested in the red spruce for the purpose of making pulp, which would be turned into paper. It was not until several years later that the company realized that the mountain held a fortune in hardwoods, such as maple, cherry, birch and oak. The company decided that it would build a mill in the town of Cass, which could process the hardwoods.
The railroad eventually extended its track to the top of Bald Knob, the third-highest mountain peak in West Virginia. The red spruce in that area was logged out, and the track was torn up in the early 1910s. The track was also extended to a valley near the town of Spruce, at a bend in the Shavers Fork of the Cheat River. The WVP&P set up a new town there, with about 30 company houses, a large company store, a school, and a pulp mill, where the red spruce trees could be processed on the spot. The new town was also named Spruce, and the former town received its current name of Old Spruce.
In June 1942, WVP&P sold the Cass operation to Mower Lumber Company, which operated the line until July 1, 1960, cutting second-growth timber off Cheat Mountain. The mill and railroad were shut down by Mower in 1960, due to the rapid decline of the timber industry in the region.
Following the 1960 closure, the rail line, land, and all equipment and rolling stock, were sold to a holding company named the Don Mower Lumber Company (no relation to the former Mower Lumber Company), and the railroad was conveyed to the Midwest Raleigh Corporation, which started to scrap the railroad and equipment. However, a group of local businessmen, led by Pennsylvania train aficionado Russell Baum, convinced the West Virginia state legislature to make the Cass Railroad a state park. In 1963, the first tourist excursion train left the Cass depot for Whittaker Station, 4 miles (6 km) north.
The railroad was placed on the [[National Register of Historic Places on July 12, 1974.
In 1977, the Cass Scenic Railroad State Park took possession of the entire company town of Cass and the old hardwood mill there. In 2015, the Durbin and Greenbrier Valley Railroad assumed operation of the railroad under a lease agreement with the State of West Virginia.

## Current operations

Today, visitors ride on historic converted log cars (similar to flatcars), pushed along by a powerful geared logging locomotive. Traveling on 11 miles (18 km) of standard gauge track laid in 1901 by immigrant workers, the line traverses the steep grades of Back Allegheny Mountain.
The railroad owns eight Shay locomotives, one Heisler locomotive, and one Climax locomotive, which is being restored by volunteers of the Mountain State Railroad and Logging Historical Association. The Heisler and the Climax, both made in Pennsylvania, were competition to Shay's geared locomotive design.
Three trips are available: a two-hour round trip to Whittaker Station, a five-hour round trip to the abandoned site of the ghost town of Spruce (once the coldest and highest town east of the Rockies), and a five-hour round trip to Bald Knob, the third highest point in the state.
Former company houses have been refurbished and are available for rent through Cass Scenic Railroad State Park. A small cabin on Bald Knob is also available for rent, and cabooses can be reserved for private use as well.
Town and shop tours are available daily to visitors who would like to learn more about the town and its lumber industry, and see how the rare geared locomotives are maintained by the Cass shop crew. A tour of a recreated logging camp is available at Whittaker.

### 2015 transfer of operations

In October 2014, it was announced that the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources (WVDNR) was transferring their administrative responsibilities to another state agency, the West Virginia State Rail Authority (WVSRA). Under the new arrangement, the Durbin and Greenbrier Valley Railroad (D&GV) will assume day-to-day operations of the line as part of their existing contract with the WVSRA. D&GV will control scheduling of trains, staffing train excursions, and maintaining the railroad and its equipment. The takeover began in 2015.
The WVDNR will maintain ownership of the right-of-way and equipment, as well as continue staffing and maintaining the non-railroad portions of the park, including the historic company town of Cass, the visitor's center, and the overnight cottage rentals that the park offers. Listed below is a table of locomotives found at Cass and Durbin.

## Locomotives

Table of Locomotives Between Cass and Durbin :
| Cass No. | Type | Manufacturer | Serial No. | Date built | Class | Weight | Status | Notes |
| 2 | Shay | Lima Locomotive Works | 3320 | Jul 1928 | PC-13 | 92 short tons (82.1 long tons; 83.5 metric tons) | Operational | In service |
| 3 | Shay | Lima Locomotive Works | 3142 | Dec 1920 | C-80-3 | 82 short tons (73.2 long tons; 74.4 metric tons) | Display | Not operational |
| 3 | Climax | Climax Locomotive Works | - | Dec 1920 | B-55-2 | 80 short tons (71.4 long tons; 72.6 metric tons) | Out of Service, awaiting overhaul | Awaiting 1,472-day inspection |
| 4 | Shay | Lima Locomotive Works | 3189 | Dec 1922 | C-70-3 | 85 short tons (75.9 long tons; 77.1 metric tons) | Operational | In service |
| 4 | 2-8-0 | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 59472 | Sep 1926 | Ks | 80 short tons (71.4 long tons; 72.6 metric tons) | Under restoration | New boiler is needed. Built initially for Mexico, but bought by Buffalo Creek & Gauley. |
| 5 | Shay | Lima Locomotive Works | 1503 | Nov 1905 | C-80-3 | 86 short tons (76.8 long tons; 78.0 metric tons) | Operational | WV state locomotive, oldest operational Shay |
| 6 | Heisler | Heisler Locomotive Works | 1591 | 1929 | C-90-3 | 100 short tons (89 long tons; 91 metric tons) | Operational | In service in Durbin, no longer kept at Cass although still owned by the State of WV |
| 6 | Shay | Lima Locomotive Works | 3354 | May 1945 | C-150-3 | 162 short tons (145 long tons; 147 metric tons) | Operational | Ex-Western Maryland Railway No. 6; Cass's biggest engine, largest surviving Shay in existence, last Shay built |
| 7 | Shay | Lima Locomotive Works | 3131 | Oct 1920 | C-70-3 | 65 short tons (58.0 long tons; 59.0 metric tons) | Inoperable, stored | Not operational |
| 8 | 2-8-0 | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 24738 | 1904 | - | N/A | Stored, awaiting restoration | Built for West Virginia Northern. |
| 9 | 2-8-0 | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 28500 | 1906 | - | N/A | Inoperable, stored | Built for West Virginia Northern. Currently stored, awaiting restoration |
| 9 | Climax | Climax Locomotive Works | 1551 | 1919 | C-70-3 | - | Operational | Restoration completed in September 2019. |
| 10 | Shay | Lima Locomotive Works | 2804 | Jan 1916 | C-70-3 | 62 short tons (55.4 long tons; 56.2 metric tons) | Inoperable, stored | Ex-Brimstone Railroad No. 36, not operational awaiting restoration |
| 11 | Shay | Lima Locomotive Works | 3221 | Jul 1923 | C-90-3 | 105 short tons (94 long tons; 95 metric tons) | Operational | In service |
| — | Shay | Lima Locomotive Works | 3299 | Feb 1926 | C-70-3 | 70 short tons (62.5 long tons; 63.5 metric tons) | Inoperable | Not operational, Ex-Graham County Railway 1926. Acquired for parts. |
* Locomotives and scenery
* Back Allegheny Mountain from Whittaker Station
* Cass Shay #2 at Cass Station
* Shay #4 and #11 pull the Bald Knob train up the mountain
* Cass Shay #4
* Cass Shay #6 prepares to depart Cass in 2004
* Shay #6 at Whittaker Station