OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dudley Greene

Edwin Dudley Greene is a Republican member of the North Carolina House of Representatives who has represented the 85th district (including all of Avery, McDowell, and Mitchell counties) since 2021.
Greene is a career law enforcement officer, previously working for the North Carolina Alcohol Law Enforcement division, Newland Police Department, Avery County Sheriff's Office and McDowell County Sheriff's Office. He served as Sheriff of McDowell County from 2008-2018, first being appointed in 2008 and was subsequently re-elected twice.

## Committee assignments
### 2023-2024 session

* Appropriations (Vice chair)
* Appropriations, Justice and Public Safety (Chair)
* Families, Children, and Aging Policy
* House Select Committee on Helene Recovery (Chair)
* Judiciary II
* State Government
* State Personnel (Vice chair)

### 2021-2022 session

* Appropriations - Justice and Public Safety
* Families, Children, and Aging Policy
* Judiciary II (Vice chair)
* Local Government - Land Use, Planning and Development
* State Personnel (Vice chair)
* Appropriations

## Electoral history

North Carolina House of Representatives 85th district general election, 2024 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Dudley Greene | 36,145 | 74.19% |
| | Democratic | John Ford | 12,574 | 25.81% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 48,719 | 100% |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |
North Carolina House of Representatives 85th district general election, 2022 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Dudley Greene | 26,613 | 74.59% |
| | Democratic | Robert Cordle | 9,066 | 25.41% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 35,679 | 100% |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |
North Carolina House of Representatives 85th district general election, 2020 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Dudley Greene | 31,073 | 77.48% |
| | Democratic | Ted Remington | 9,031 | 22.52% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 40,104 | 100% |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |
# Pertti Jalava

Pertti Jalava (born 1960) is a Finnish composer who has written numerous works for various chamber ensembles choral groups and orchestra, including five symphonies and a piano concerto. He wrote music for jazz and big band line-ups. Stylistically he keeps these genres separate, he does allow influences to travel between the two.

## Career

Jalava studied composition almost entirely on his own. In 1993, having already created an extensive repertoire influenced by jazz and classical music for his jazz ensembles, he studied theatre composition with the American Craig Bohmler on a six-month course run by the Finnish Music Theatre Association. As his final assignment he composed a chamber opera called Paradise. Having completed this course, a turning point in his career, Jalava embarked on an intensive course of private study and attended composition laboratories held by the Turku Philharmonic Orchestra and the University of Turku in 1994, 1996 and 1998.
Pertti Jalava won a number of prizes in Finnish and international composition competitions with works for string orchestra, wind orchestra, chamber ensemble, jazz ensemble and big band. Works by him have been performed by many orchestras and ensembles in Finland and abroad. He has been a full-time composer since 2001.
A Finnish record label Alba released "In The Wind" with four of Jalava's works for string orchestra and soloists (piano and flute) to positive reviews.

## Themes

Jalava lists his primary objectives as emotional and narrative expression. He uses strong contrasts, thereby achieving dramatic effects and aesthetic accents. He uses distorted harmonies, sharp timbres and aggressive rhythms. Rhythm occupies a major role in Jalava's music. It is often motor-like and frequently asymmetric.
Despite drawing mainly on twelve-note techniques, most of Jalava's classical works create a feeling of tonality. In his later compositions he often lets their nature determine the music or employs other methods of his own devising, assigning row technique only a secondary role.
# Said Hassane Said Hachim

Said Hassane Said Hachim (11 November 1932 – 30 November 2020) was a Comorian politician. He was Foreign Minister from 1991 until 1993. He replaced Mtara Maecha. In 1996, he contested the presidential elections, eventually losing to Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim. He died on 30 November 2020 at the age of 88 years and 19 days
# Ola Rosling

Ola Rosling (born 1 November 1975 in Uppsala, Sweden) is a Swedish statistician known for his work for the Gapminder Foundation on changing global quality of life. He is the chairman, director and co-founder of the foundation.

## Career

Rosling co-founded the Gapminder Foundation together with his wife Anna Rosling Rönnlund and his father Hans Rosling. Ola led the development of the Trendalyzer software that creates interactive graphics from statistical datasets. The software was bought by Google in 2007 and Rosling and his team worked for Google from then on. He became Google's Public Data product manager.
Ola and Anna Rosling collaborated with Hans Rosling and co-authored the book called Factfulness.

## Publication

* Hans Rosling; Ola Rosling; Anna Rosling Rönnlund (2018). Factfulness: Ten Reasons We're Wrong About the World – and Why Things Are Better Than You Think. Flatiron Books. p. 288. ISBN 9781250123817.
# Ramachandi Temple

Ramachandi Temple is located at a spot on the banks of the Kusabhadra River where it flows into the Bay of Bengal. It is only 5 km away from Konark in the Puri District of Odisha, India. Goddess Ramachandi, the deity of Konark is thought by some to be the presiding deity of this temple, while others thought it to be the temple of Mayadevi, wife of Surya (Sun God).

## Location

The temple of Goddess Ramachandi on the river mouth of Kushabhadra river is a popular picnic resort. It is situated 7 km before Konark on the Marine drive road from Puri to Konark. Ramachandi is popularly believed the presiding deity of Konark, and the most benevolent Chandi known. It is certainly more ancient than the Sun Temple at Konark. From the architectural point of view, the temple of Ramachandi is not important but from the religious point of view, it is one of the famous Shakta pithas of Odisha.
Before construction of the Marine Drive road, the place was not accessible to outside visitors. However it attracted a large number of local devotees to offer sacrifices or 'Bali' in the month of Ashwina.

## History

A legend regarding the deity is popular among the locals. Kalapahad, the rebel Hindu Brahmin youth who got converted to Islam, vowed to destroy all the temples of Hindu worship during the 17th century. After destroying the Sun temple, Kalapahad approached Ramachandi temple to destroy it. Then Goddess Ramachandi dressed as a Maluni (a maid servant) asked Kalapahad to wait at the door till she brings water from the river for the Goddess. Kalapahad anxiously waited for a long time to get some cold water. When it was too late and the Maluni did not return he was exhausted and entered inside the temple and found the throne empty. Then he thought the Maluni took away the deity with her and with anger he followed the Maluni. When he reached the bank of the Kushabhadra river he found the goddess Ramachandi floating in the middle of the river. At that time the river was outpouring, so he came back without being able to reach the middle of the river. Then Goddess Ramachandi came in dream of a Panda (priest) and told him to build a temple on the bank of the Kushabhadra river. This place is now known as Ramachandi. Throughout the year many visitors come here to get the blessing of Goddess Ramachandi and to enjoy the scenery of river Kushabhadra and Bay of Bengal.
Now the temple has collapsed leaving remains of its broken walls and the empty throne. There is no historical evidence to conclude about its presiding deity.
# Jafarabad, Neyriz

Jafarabad (Persian: جعفرآباد, also Romanized as Ja‘farābād) is a village in Rostaq Rural District, in the Central District of Neyriz County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 496, in 131 families.
# Rowntrees F.C.

Rowntrees Football Club, later Rowntree Mackintosh F.C. and Nestlé Rowntree F.C., was an English association football club from York, North Yorkshire. The team as their name suggests were affiliated to Rowntree's, a confectioner which later merged into Rowntree Mackintosh Confectionery, in turn taken over by Nestlé. The club was founded during Joseph Rowntree's ownership of Rowntree's.

## History

The club were founding members of the York Football League during 1897 under the name Rowntrees. They were one of the nine clubs taking part in the first season, and over the years from the original nine, they would be the only one to have an unbroken existence. After gaining promotion, they became one of the founding Yorkshire Football League clubs in 1920–21, the club competed in the league twice, finishing eighth both times.
In 1969, the teamname was changed to Rowntree Mackintosh because of the chocolate factory's merger with Mackintosh's. They entered into the new Northern Counties East Football League as founding members for the 1982–83 season. They were originally placed in NCEL Division Two and won that championship in their first season.
Upon promotion to the NCEL Division One, they finished runners-up in their debut season. This pattern continued in the league three more times in 1986–87, 1987–88 and 1988–89 before they eventually became champions of the league in 1989–90 – now bearing the name Nestlé Rowntree, after the takeover of their parent factory. Unfortunately for the club, although they were champions and had earned promotion, they were relegated to NCEL Division Two due to new ground regulations which had been introduced. They left that league the following season disheartened even though they had finished third.

### Recent times

Following their relegation, the club played in the York Football League where they started out. York City players Andy Leaning, Neil Grayson and Andy McMillan played for the club.
In August 2013, the club withdrew from the league 116 years after they had first joined it, citing "a lack of players and continuing financial pressure", including the withdrawal of funding by Nestlé Rowntree and the sale of their ground to York St John University.

## Honours

* NCEL Division One
** Champions: 1989–90
** Runners-up: 1983–84, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89
* NCEL Division Two North
** Champions: 1982–83
* Teesside Football League
** Champions: 1992–93, 1993–94
* West Yorkshire League Premier Division
** Champions: 1998–99, 1999–2000
* York Football League
** Champions: 1901–02, 1930–31, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1965–66, 1972–73, 1975–76, 1978–79, 1980–81, 1981–82
** Runners-up: 1910–11, 1912–13, 1919–20, 1929–30
* York Football League Division One
** Champions: 1957–58, 2004–05

## Club records

* Best league performance: Northern Counties East Football League Division One champions, 1989–90
* Best FA Vase performance: Second Round, defeated by Dunston Federation Brewery 0–1, 1988–89.
# Circuit des Ardennes (motor racing)

The Circuit des Ardennes was an auto race held annually at the Circuit de Bastogne, Bastogne, from 1902 to 1907. It was the first major race to run on a closed course instead of from one city to another. The name was later used for a rally, part of the Dutch as well as the Belgian national rally championships.
The first race, held in 1902, was organised by Baron Pierre de Crawhez, and was run over 6 laps of the circuit, with cars divided into three classes which ran simultaneously. The Heavy car class was won by Charles Jarrott in one of several Panhard 70s entered in the race, with victory in the Light car going to Louis Rigolly in a Gobron-Brillié, and in the Voiturette class to Jean-Marie Corre in a Corre.
After the success in 1902, the race was run again in 1903 but with three separate races for the different classes. The Heavy car class ran on the morning of 22 June, with the Light car class in the afternoon, and the Voiturettes the following day on a separate circuit based around Arlon.
For 1904, the Heavy and Light car classes were combined again, with the Light car class fading, with just a single entry in 1905 and none in 1906. The Circuit des Ardennes des Voiturettes race was repeated in 1904 and 1905, this time the day before the main race and on the same circuit, but entries also waned with just three starting the race in 1905.
For the final year of the Circuit des Ardennes two races were again held. The first was for cars complying with the regulations of the Kaiserpreis, and the second, two days later, was for Grand Prix cars.

## Winners of the Circuit des Ardennes

| Year | Formula | Driver | Constructor | Report |
| 1902 | | Charles Jarrott | Panhard 70 | Report |
| 1903 | Heavy car | Pierre de Crawhez | Panhard 70 | Report |
| 1903 | Light car | Paul Baras | Darracq 24hp | Report |
| 1903 | Voiturette | Louis Wagner | Darracq | Report |
| 1904 | Voiturette | Albert Clément | Clément | Report |
| 1904 | Heavy car | George Heath | Panhard 70 | Report |
| 1905 | Voiturette | Louis Wagner | Darracq 20hp | Report |
| 1905 | Heavy car | Victor Hémery | Darracq | Report |
| 1906 | Grand Prix | Arthur Duray | Lorraine-Dietrich | Report |
| 1907 | Kaiserpreis | John Moore-Brabazon | Minerva | Report |
| 1907 | Grand Prix | Pierre de Caters | Mercedes-Benz | Report |
# Historical simulation (finance)

Historical simulation in finance's value at risk (VaR) analysis is a procedure for predicting the value at risk by 'simulating' or constructing the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of assets returns over time assuming that future returns will be directly sampled from past returns.
Unlike parametric VaR models, historical simulation does not assume a particular distribution of the asset returns. Also, it is relatively easy to implement. However, there are a couple of shortcomings of historical simulation. Traditional historical simulation applies equal weight to all returns of the whole period; this is inconsistent with the diminishing predictability of data that are further away from the present.

## Weighted historical simulation

Weighted historical simulation applies decreasing weights to returns that are further away from the present, which overcomes the inconsistency of historical simulation with diminishing predictability of data that are further away from the present. However, weighted historical simulation still assumes independent and identically distributed random variables (IID) asset returns.

## Filtered historical simulation

Filtered historical simulation tries to capture volatility which is one of the causes for violation of IID.
# NGC 1961

NGC 1961 (also known as IC 2133) is a spiral galaxy in the constellation Camelopardalis. It was discovered by William Herschel on 3 December 1788. It is at a distance of about 200 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 1961 is more than 220,000 light years across.
The galaxy has been distorted, however no companion has been detected nor double nuclei that could show a recent merger. Its outer arms are highly irregular. Two long straight arms extend from the north side of the galaxy. A luminous X-ray corona has been detected around the galaxy. NGC 1961 is the central member of the small group of nine galaxies, the NGC 1961 group.

## Supernovae

Four supernovae have been observed in NGC 1961:
* SN 1998eb (type Ia, mag. 17.8) was discovered by the Lick Observatory Supernova Search (LOSS) on 17 August 1998.
* SN 2001is (type Ib, mag. 17.6) was discovered by BAO and LOTOSS (Lick Observatory and Tenagra Observatory Supernova Searches) on 22 December 2001.
* SN 2013cc (type II, mag. 17) was discovered by Kōichi Itagaki on 28 April 2013.
* SN 2021vaz (type II, mag. 17.5) was discovered by Kōichi Itagaki on 5 August 2021.

## Gallery

* NGC 1961 by GALEX
* NGC 1961 by Mount Lemmon Observatory
* NGC 1961 by DSS
* NGC 1961 by Hubble Space Telescope
# Kennett Love

Kennett Farrar Potter Love (August 17, 1924 – May 13, 2013) was an American journalist for The New York Times.

## Early life

Love was born in St. Louis, Missouri on August 17, 1924, to Mary Chauncey (née Potter) Love and John Allan Love, founder of Prudential Savings of St. Louis.
He attended John Burroughs School and Princeton University, receiving an Associate in Arts degree, before serving (1943-1946) as a pilot in the Navy Air Corps during World War II.
In 1946, he married Marie Felicité Pratt (1926–2002), a granddaughter of John Teele Pratt and great-granddaughter of Charles Pratt, Pratt Institute founder, with whom he had two daughters, Mary and Suzanna, and two sons, John and Nicholas.
Love received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Columbia College in 1948.

## Career

In 1948, after finishing college, Love began working as a reporter for The Hudson-Dispatch, a newspaper in Union City, New Jersey before joining The New York Times in 1948, working in the morgue before becoming a newspaper reporter in 1950.
As a foreign correspondent, his assignments included coverage of activities in the Middle East, East Africa, West Africa and Europe.
In 1953, Love wrote about the CIA-orchestrated plot to overthrow Iran’s democratically elected prime minister. Love and a reporter for The Associated Press wrote about the decrees signed by Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi that called for Fazlollah Zahedi to replace Mohammad Mosaddegh. The release of the decrees, which helped legitimize the coup, was engineered by the CIA.
In 1954, when he was based in Cairo, Love wrote front-page articles about the discovery of a 50-foot boat that had been intended to convey the spirit of the pharaoh Cheops to the underworld.
In 1962, Love left The New York Times for the first national monthly news magazine, USA * 1: Monthly News & Current History, its editors included Lewis H. Lapham and Robert K. Massie.
Between 1963 and 1964, Love served as a Peace Corps Planner-Evaluator in Ethiopia, Morocco, Tunisia and in training centers in the United States.
Between 1964 and 1968, Love was an associate professor at Princeton University's School of Oriental Studies.
Between 1971 and 1973, Love was a professor of journalism at the American University in Cairo, and served as a Cairo correspondent for ABC News. Love was a correspondent and contributor for broadcaster CBS.
In 1974 Love began a career as a free-lance writer, editor and photographer.
In 1980, someone found a copy of Love’s 1960 term paper, for a professor at Princeton, in the sealed archives of Allen Dulles, and leaked it to CounterSpy, who accused Love of having been a CIA agent. He denied it.
In 1984, Love denied helping the CIA with the 1953 Iran coup, while working for The New York Times, suing Wall Street Journal reporter Jonathan Kwitny, until, at least, 1993. District Judge Mukasey found that Love's manuscript "suggested strongly that he may have played a role" in the coup.
Love was a contributor to the publications New York Times Magazine, Washington Monthly, and Middle East Journal, and others.
Love began research and interviews for a history of the 1953 coup in Iran.
# Helen Cole

Helen TeAta Gale Cole (July 13, 1922 – April 7, 2004) was an American politician who served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from 1979 to 1984. She first served in the Oklahoma Senate from 1984 to 1988. She returned to the state senate in 1991 and was succeeded by Kathleen Wilcoxson in 1997.
Her son, Tom Cole, is the longest-serving Native American in the history of the United States Congress.

## Early life and education

Helen TeAta Gale was born in Tishomingo, Oklahoma, on July 13, 1922, to William Oakley Gale and Avis Minnette Fifield (Thompson). She was raised in a single-parent household and graduated from Ardmore High School in 1939.

## Career

Cole was active in several local civic and political organizations, and contributed to the successful gubernatorial campaigns of Henry Bellmon and Dewey Bartlett. Cole was named a delegate to the 1968 Republican National Convention, and Bartlett appointed her to the Oklahoma Personnel Board. Cole ran for a seat on the Oklahoma House of Representatives and was first elected in 1978. From 1979 to 1984, she represented district 54.
Cole contested the 45th district Oklahoma Senate seat in 1984, and won one term. Cole retired. She returned to her political career when elected as mayor of Moore, Oklahoma, in 1990.
The next year, she succeeded her son Tom Cole as state senator from the 45th district. Cole was named a National Convention delegate for a second time for the 1992 Republican National Convention. Cole stepped down from the state senate in 1997, and was succeeded by Kathleen Wilcoxson. Cole was appointed a National Convention delegate for a third time for the 2000 Republican National Convention. In retirement, she became a benefactor of the University of Science and Arts of Oklahoma.

## Death

She died on April 7, 2004, at the age of 81.

## Personal life

Cole was of Chickasaw and Choctaw descent. She was a member of the Chickasaw Nation.
# Bismillah Khan Mohammadi

Bismillah Khan Mohammadi (Persian: بسم‌الله خان محمدی; born 1961, in Panjshir Province), or Bismillah Khan, is an Afghan politician who served as the defense minister of Afghanistan from 2012 to 2015 and for two months in 2021. From 2002 to 2010, he served as Chief of Staff of the Afghan National Army, and from 2010 to 2012 he held the post of Interior Minister of Afghanistan. He has an anti-Taliban background and once served as a senior commander under Ahmad Shah Massoud. Despite the fall of Kabul to the Taliban in August 2021, Mohammadi claims to remain the minister of defense as part of the government of the National Resistance Front of Afghanistan.

## Early years and career

Bismillah Khan Mohammadi was born in 1961 in the Panjshir Province of Afghanistan. An ethnic Tajik, he is the son of Ghausuddin of the Panjshir Valley. After graduating from 14th grade in Abu Hanifa Seminary he enrolled at Kabul Military University. Mohammadi was a former PDPA Parcham member, but after the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan he aligned himself with mujahideen resistance commander Ahmad Shah Massoud.
When the Taliban gained control over large parts of Afghanistan in 1996 establishing their Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, Bismillah Khan served as Deputy Minister of Defense of the anti-Taliban and still recognized Islamic State of Afghanistan. He was a senior commander in the anti-Taliban resistance, the United Front (Northern Alliance), led by Ahmad Shah Massoud. After the attacks of September 11, 2001, and the subsequent fall of the Taliban regime through United Front ground troops and the U.S. Air Force, Bismillah Khan was appointed commander of Kabul's police force and became a member of the Kabul Security Commission. During that period the security situation in Kabul was better than in other parts of Afghanistan.

## Chief of Staff of the Afghan National Army

In 2002, Bismillah Khan became Chief of Staff of the Afghan National Army, a post he held until 2010.

## Interior Minister

In June 2010, Bismillah Khan was transferred from his position as Army Chief of Staff to the post of Interior Minister by President Hamid Karzai. As Interior Minister, Mohammadi loudly deplored ethnic fractiousness within the Afghan security forces, stressing national unity and Islamic ethics in the Afghan National Police.

## Minister of Defense

Despite the fall of Kabul to the Taliban in August 2021, Mohammadi continued to claim the title of Minister of Defense.

## Awards

Bismillah Khan Mohammadi received the Sayed Jamaluddin Afghani, Ghazi Amanullah Khan and Ahmad Shah Baba awards for his efforts in bolstering the Afghan National Army.