OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Arthur Smith (U.S. representative)

Arthur Smith (November 15, 1785 – March 30, 1853) was a U.S. representative from Virginia.

## Biography

Born at "Windsor Castle," near Smithfield, Isle of Wight County, Virginia, Smith attended an academy at Smithfield, Virginia, and graduated from the College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1808, and commenced practice in Smithfield, Virginia. He also engaged in agricultural pursuits.
Smith served as colonel in the War of 1812. He also served as member of the Virginia House of Delegates from 1818 to 1820.
Smith was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Seventeenth Congress and reelected as a Crawford Republican to the Eighteenth Congress (March 4, 1821 – March 3, 1825). He was not a candidate for renomination in 1824.
Smith resumed the practice of law, and again served as member of the Virginia House of Delegates in 1836–1841. He died in Smithfield, Virginia, March 30, 1853. He was interred in the family burying ground on Windsor Castle estate, near Smithfield, Virginia.

## Electoral history

* 1823; Smith was re-elected unopposed.

## Sources

* United States Congress. "Arthur Smith (id: S000515)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
U.S. House of Representatives :
| Preceded byJohn C. Gray | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Virginia's 20th congressional district 1821–1823 | Succeeded byJohn Floyd |
| Preceded byJames Stephenson | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Virginia's 2nd congressional district 1823–1825 | Succeeded byJames Trezvant |
* This article about a member of the United States House of Representatives from Virginia is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Latimer W. Ballou

Latimer Whipple Ballou (March 1, 1812 – May 9, 1900) was a U.S. Representative from Rhode Island.

## Biography

Latimer Whipple Ballou was born in Cumberland, Rhode Island on March 1, 1812. He attended the public schools and the local academies in his native town. He moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1828 and learned the art of printing at the University Press. He was instrumental in establishing the Cambridge Press in 1835 and continued in the printing business until 1842, when he moved to Woonsocket, Rhode Island. He engaged in banking in 1850. He was active in the organization of the Republican Party in 1856. He served as delegate to the Republican National Convention at Philadelphia in 1872.
Ballou was elected as a Republican to the Forty-fourth, Forty-fifth and Forty-sixth Congresses (March 4, 1875 – March 3, 1881). He declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1880. He engaged in his former business pursuits until his death in Woonsocket, Rhode Island, May 9, 1900. He was interred in Oak Hill Cemetery.
# Aylett H. Buckner

Aylett Hawes Buckner (December 14, 1816 – February 5, 1894) was a U.S. Representative from Missouri, nephew of Aylett Hawes and cousin of Richard Hawes and Albert Gallatin Hawes.
Born in Fredericksburg, Virginia, Buckner attended Georgetown College, Washington, D.C., and the University of Virginia at Charlottesville. He engaged in teaching for several years. He moved to Palmyra, Missouri, in 1837. He served as deputy sheriff. He studied law. He was admitted to the bar in 1838 and commenced practice in Bowling Green, Missouri. He became editor of the Salt River Journal.
Buckner was elected clerk of the Pike County Court in 1841. He moved to St. Louis, Missouri, in 1850 and continued the practice of law. Attorney for the Bank of the State of Missouri in 1852. He was appointed commissioner of public works in 1854 and served until 1855. He returned to Pike County and settled on a farm near Bowling Green.
Buckner was elected judge of the third judicial circuit in 1857. He served as delegate to the convention held in Washington, D.C., in 1861 in an effort to devise means to prevent the impending war. He moved to St. Charles, Missouri, in 1862 and became interested in the manufacture of tobacco in St. Louis. He also engaged in mercantile pursuits. He moved to Mexico, Audrain County. He served as member of the Democratic central committee in 1868. He served as delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1872.
Buckner was elected as a Democrat to the Forty-third and to the five succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1873 – March 3, 1885). He served as chairman of the Committee on District of Columbia (Forty-fourth Congress), Committee on Banking and Currency (Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty-eighth Congresses). He had been a slaveholder. While many congressmen of that era held racist views, Buckner was a particularly strong advocate of the racial supremacy of whites. While enthusiastically advocating for restrictions on Chinese immigration, he also called for the removal of African Americans from the United States, asking "what reason can be assigned that we do not prepare to remove, not by forced expatriation or by any form of coercion, that portion of our population that, like the Chinese, are aliens to our race, whose blood does not mingle with that of the white race without corrupting it, and whose inferiority to the white race is an admitted fact?" While other congressmen were critical of granting rights to African Americans, even most southern members did not go so far as to advocate that millions of citizens be removed from the country.
He declined to be a candidate for reelection in 1884 and retired from public life. He died in Mexico, Missouri, February 5, 1894. He was interred in Elmwood Cemetery.
# John L. Burnett

John Lawson Burnett (January 20, 1854 – May 13, 1919) was a U.S. Representative from Alabama.

## Life

Born in Cedar Bluff, Alabama, Burnett attended the common schools of the county, Wesleyan Institute, Cave Spring, Georgia, and the local high school at Gaylesville, Alabama.

### Studies and early politics

He studied law and graduated from Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
In 1876, he was admitted to the bar in Cherokee County, Alabama and commenced practice in Gadsden thereafter. He served in the State House of Representatives in 1884 and as member of the State senate in 1886.

## Election

Burnett was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-sixth and to the ten succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1899, until his death.
He served as chairman of the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization (Sixty-second through Sixty-fifth Congresses). On April 5, 1917, John Lawson Burnett was one of the 50 representatives who voted against declaring war on Germany (World War I).
He served as member of the United States Immigration Commission 1907-1910. In 1907, Congressman John L. Burnett called Syrians "the most undesirable of the undesirable peoples of Asia Minor".

## Death

John L. Burnett died in Gadsden, Alabama on May 13, 1919, and was interred in Forest Cemetery.
# 2008 Horizon League men's basketball tournament

The 2008 Horizon League men's basketball tournament was scheduled at the end of the 2007–2008 regular season. The better seed hosted each first round match. Butler hosted the second round and semifinals, because they were the top seed. The final was hosted by the better remaining seed.

## Tiebreakers

* The first tiebreaker resolved is the one between seeds 2 and 3.

### Seeds 2–3

* The first tiebreaker is head-to-head record.
* The second tiebreaker is record against the top seed Butler.
* The third tiebreaker is record against the teams tied for 4th.
** Cleveland State earns the 2nd seed by virtue of its 5–3 record against UIC, Valparaiso, UW-Green Bay and UW-Milwaukee.
** Wright State earns the 3rd seed because of its 4–4 record against UIC, Valparaiso, UW-Green Bay and UW-Milwaukee.

### Seeds 4–7

* The first tiebreaker is record against the tied teams.
** UIC earns the 4th seed by virtue of a 4–2 record against Valparaiso, UW-Green Bay and UW-Milwaukee.
** UW-Green Bay earns the 7th seed because of its 2–4 record against UIC, Valparaiso and UW-Milwaukee.
* Since UW-Milwaukee and Valparaiso had identical 3–3 records against the other three teams, the tiebreaker between those two teams is head-to-head record.
* The second tiebreaker is record against the top seed Butler.
* The third tiebreaker is record against the second seed Cleveland State.
** UW-Milwaukee earns the 5th seed by virtue of its 1–1 record against Cleveland State.
** Valparaiso earns the 6th seed because of its 0–2 record against Cleveland State.

## Bracket

| First round Tuesday, March 4 | First round Tuesday, March 4 | First round Tuesday, March 4 | Second round Friday, March 7 | Second round Friday, March 7 | Second round Friday, March 7 | Semifinals Saturday, March 8 | Semifinals Saturday, March 8 | Semifinals Saturday, March 8 | | Championship Tuesday, March 11 | Championship Tuesday, March 11 | Championship Tuesday, March 11 |
| | | | | | | 1 | #14 Butler | 66 | | | | |
| | | | | | | 4 | UIC | 50 | | | | |
| 4 | UIC | 70 | | | | | | | 4 | UIC | 50 | |
| 9 | Youngstown State | 59 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 9 | Youngstown State | 59 | 4 | UIC | 60 | | | | | | | |
| | | | 8 | Loyola Chicago | 49 | | | | | | | |
| 5 | Milwaukee | 51 | 8 | Loyola Chicago | 49 | | | | | | | |
| 8 | Loyola Chicago | 57 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 8 | Loyola Chicago | 57 | | | | | | | | 1 | #12 Butler | 70 |
| | | | | | | | | | | 2 | Cleveland State | 55 |
| | | | | | | 2 | Cleveland State | 78 | | | | |
| | | | | | | 6 | Valparaiso | 73 | | | | |
| 3 | Wright State | 60 | | | | | | | 6 | Valparaiso | 73 | |
| 10 | Detroit | 37 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 10 | Detroit | 37 | 3 | Wright State | 67 | | | | | | | |
| | | | 6 | Valparaiso | 72 | | | | | | | |
| 6 | Valparaiso | 75 | 6 | Valparaiso | 72 | | | | | | | |
| 7 | Green Bay | 67 | | | | | | | | | | |
First round games at campus sites of higher seeds Second round and semifinals hosted by the top seed. Championship hosted by lower-numbered remaining seed
# Olszanka, Pomeranian Voivodeship

Olszanka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przywidz, within Gdańsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-east of Przywidz, 20 km (12 mi) south-west of Pruszcz Gdański, and 28 km (17 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Charles S. Kelsey

Charles Sheffield Kelsey (October 7, 1822 – June 18, 1901) was an American mechanic, printer, and politician. He represented Marquette County as a member of the Wisconsin State Senate and the Wisconsin State Assembly.

## Biography

Kelsey was born on October 7, 1822, in Perry, New York. His older brother, William H. Kelsey, was a member of the United States House of Representatives and his younger brother, Edwin B. Kelsey, was also a member of the Assembly and the Senate.
Before moving to Montello, Wisconsin, in 1854, Kelsey married Lucretia Bacon in 1840. They had four children before her death in 1869. Among them were Otto Kelsey, who became a member of the New York State Assembly, and Julia Kelsey, who became Postmistress of Montello.

## Career

Kelsey was a member of the Senate from 1862 to 1864 and of the Assembly in 1867, 1873 and 1880. He was a Republican before and after the American Civil War, but was elected on the National Union Party ticket for his 1863–1864 senate term and his 1867 assembly term.
Kelsey died in Montello on June 18, 1901, and his remains were taken to Geneseo, New York, for burial.
# Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Damascus)

The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Arabic: ضريح الجندي المجهول) is a war memorial, dedicated to the Syrian soldiers killed during battle. It was visited every year by the President of Syria on Martyrs' Day (May 6) prior to the fall of the Assad regime.
Two Quran verses are engraved into the monument:
   Think not of those who are slain in God's Way as dead. Nay, they live, finding their sustenance in the Presence of their Lord; They rejoice in the Bounty provided by God: and with regard to those left behind, who have not yet joined them (in their bliss), the (Martyrs) glory in the fact that on them is no fear, nor have they (cause to) grieve.
# Vilhelm Groth

Georg Vilhelm Arnold Groth (9 March 1842, Copenhagen – 14 September 1899, Copenhagen) was a Danish landscape painter.

## Biography

His father was a pharmacist and his mother came from a family of merchants. After taking a diploma at the Det von Westenske Institut, a private gymnasium, he began his artistic instruction at the drawing school operated by Frederik Ferdinand Helsted.
In 1861, he took some classes at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, then attended the Modelskolen, but his studies were interrupted when he was conscripted to serve in the Second Schleswig War. He graduated from the academy in 1866 and held his first exhibition that same year. From 1872 to 1878, he made several study trips to Italy and France; notably a trip to Paris from 1875 to 1876.
Later in 1876, when the highly respected painter, Vilhelm Kyhn, rejected the desirability of seeking inspiration from the French, Groth strongly disagreed. He wrote Dansk Kunst i Forhold til Udlandets (1876), providing a new approach to historical awareness of past influences. Inspired by the work of Georg Brandes, he argued that every period imposes its own requirements and that Realism was the appropriate goal for contemporary Danish artists. This led him to associate with the "Bogstaveligheden [da]" (roughly, the "Literalists") a group of radical intellectuals who between 1880 and 1882 met to discuss art and literature . Karl Gjellerup and Pietro Krohn were among its most notable members.
His best works are generally believed to be those he did along the shores of Lillebælt and Hellebæk. In 1874, his painting Hede med en Mose (Heath with a Bog) was acquired for the Royal Collection.

## Selected Paintings

* Two Young Girls in the Autumn Woods.
* Heath with a Bog
* Summer Day on a Forest Road
* Quiet Day on the Northern Part of Lake Esrum
# Communications and Media Commission (Iraq)

The Communications and Media Commission (CMC; Arabic: هيئة الإعلام والإتصالات) is a financially and administratively independent Iraqi government agency established in 2004 to monitor media and communications in Iraq. CMC is attached to the Council of Representatives.
# Dzięgiel, Pomeranian Voivodeship

Dzięgiel is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Konarzyny, within Chojnice County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north-east of Konarzyny, 22 km (14 mi) north of Chojnice, and 96 km (60 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Berman hearing

A Berman hearing is an administrative procedure under California law designed to resolve wage disputes between employees and employers efficiently and informally. Named after Howard Berman, the California State Assembly member who introduced the legislation, these hearings are conducted by the California Labor Commissioner’s Office to adjudicate claims related to unpaid wages, overtime, meal and rest period violations, and other compensation issues.

## Purpose and process

The primary objective of a Berman hearing is to provide a speedy and cost-effective mechanism for employees to pursue wage claims without the complexities of formal litigation.
The process begins when an employee files a wage claim with the Division of Labor Standards Enforcement (DLSE). The DLSE then notifies the employer and schedules a settlement conference to encourage resolution before proceeding to a hearing.
If the dispute remains unresolved, a Berman hearing is scheduled. During the hearing, both parties present evidence and testimony under oath before a Deputy Labor Commissioner, who serves as the hearing officer. The setting is informal, and strict rules of evidence do not apply, allowing both parties to represent themselves without legal counsel, though they may choose to have attorneys present.

## Outcomes and appeals

Following the hearing, the hearing officer issues an Order, Decision, or Award (ODA) within 15 days, detailing the findings and any amounts owed. Both parties have the right to appeal the ODA to the superior court within a specified period, typically 10 days. On appeal, the case is heard de novo, meaning the court reevaluates all evidence and issues afresh. Employers appealing the decision are generally required to post a bond for the amount of the award to ensure payment if the appeal is unsuccessful.
# Dąbrówka, Bytów County

Dąbrówka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Borzytuchom, within Bytów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-east of Borzytuchom, 8 km (5 mi) north-west of Bytów, and 84 km (52 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
# Egg slicer

An egg slicer is a food preparation utensil used to slice peeled, hard-boiled eggs quickly and evenly. An egg slicer consists of a slotted dish for holding the egg and a hinged plate of wires or blades that can be closed to slice.
It was invented at the beginning of the 20th century by the German Willy Abel (1875–1951) who also invented the bread cutter. The first egg slicers were produced in Berlin-Lichtenberg.
Dutch comedic duo Van Kooten en De Bie created a mock documentary about a Dutch egg slicer factory in 1983.

## As a musical instrument

Some egg slicers that have thin wires can be played as string instruments. A recorded example is English experimental music group Coil's 'The Gimp (Sometimes)', where primary group member John Balance played an egg slicer solo, dubbing it a 'mini-harp', on both the studio version and later live performances.
# Dąbrówno, Pomeranian Voivodeship

Dąbrówno (German: Schöneichen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Potęgowo, within Słupsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south of Potęgowo, 29 km (18 mi) east of Słupsk, and 76 km (47 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
Before 1648 the area was part of Duchy of Pomerania, 1648-1945 Prussia and Germany. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Dębniczka

Dębniczka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Damnica, within Słupsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) west of Damnica, 15 km (9 mi) east of Słupsk, and 92 km (57 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
# Długi Kierz

Długi Kierz is a Kashubian village in the administrative district of Gmina Sierakowice, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south-east of Sierakowice, 16 km (10 mi) west of Kartuzy, and 44 km (27 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Folwark, Pomeranian Voivodeship

Folwark is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stary Dzierzgoń, within Sztum County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-east of Stary Dzierzgoń, 29 km (18 mi) east of Sztum, and 78 km (48 mi) south-east of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Gacnik

Gacnik (Polish pronunciation:) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brusy, within Chojnice County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-east of Brusy, 26 km (16 mi) north-east of Chojnice, and 78 km (48 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Harvey B. Apperson

Harvey Black Apperson (June 27, 1890 – February 2, 1948) was an American lawyer and politician who served as Attorney General of Virginia from 1947 until his death in 1948. Prior to this, he was a member of the Virginia State Corporation Commission and Senate of Virginia.
# Gajki, Pomeranian Voivodeship

Gajki is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Słupsk, within Słupsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) west of Słupsk and 115 km (71 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Atomweight

Atomweight (also referred to as light minimumweight, junior strawweight, junior mini-flyweight and pinweight) is a weight class in combat sports.

## Boxing

In women's boxing and junior amateur boxing pinweight is, or has been, a weight class for boxers weighing in under 102 pounds (46 kg) (before 2003, 45 kg).
In September 2010 the women's class in amateur boxing was partly merged into an extended 45–48 kg light flyweight division, with women weighing less than 45 kg excluded from competition. Pinweight is still defined for junior contests.

### Women's Professional Champions

Current Champions (Last updated on January 25, 2024)
| Sanctioning Body | Reign Began | Champion | Record | Defenses |
| WBA | November 23, 2024 | Tina Rupprecht | 14–1–1 (3 KO) | 0 |
| WBC | January 13, 2024 | Tina Rupprecht | 14–1–1 (3 KO) | 1 |
| IBF | January 12, 2024 | Sumire Yamanaka | 8–0 (3 KO) | 0 |
| WBO | November 23, 2024 | Tina Rupprecht | 14–1–1 (3 KO) | 0 |

### Women's Amateur Champions

| year | World | European |
| 2001 | Elena Sabitova | Oria Mahmoud |
| 2002 | Mary Kom | |
| 2003 | | Camelia Negrea |
| 2004 | | Elena Sabitova |
| 2005 | Mary Kom | Elena Sabitova |
| 2006 | Mary Kom | Steluta Duta |
| 2007 | | Steluta Duta |
| 2008 | Mary Kom | |
| 2009 | | Svetlana Gnevanova |

## Mixed Martial Arts

The atomweight division in mixed martial arts generally refers to competitors weighing less than 105 lb.