OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Samuel I. Hopkins

Samuel Isaac Hopkins (December 12, 1843 – January 15, 1914) was a U.S. Representative from Virginia.

## Biography

Born near Owensville, Maryland, Hopkins moved to Anne Arundel County with his parents, who settled near Annapolis. He attended the common schools and graduated from Owensville Academy. Hopkins enlisted in Company A, Second Regiment, Maryland Confederate Infantry, during the Civil War and served until he was severely wounded at the Battle of Gettysburg. After the war, he settled in Lynchburg, Virginia, and engaged in mercantile pursuits.
Hopkins was elected as a candidate of the Labor Party to the Fiftieth Congress (March 4, 1887 – March 3, 1889). He declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1888. Hopkins resumed mercantile pursuits in Lynchburg, Virginia, and died there on January 15, 1914. He was interred in Spring Hill Cemetery in Lynchburg.

## Electoral history

1886: Hopkins was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives with 51.55% of the vote, defeating Democrat Samuel Griffin.

## Sources

* United States Congress. "Samuel I. Hopkins (id: H000779)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
U.S. House of Representatives :
| Preceded byJohn W. Daniel | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Virginia's 6th congressional district 1887–1889 | Succeeded byPaul C. Edmunds |
This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
# Spiss

Spiss is a municipality in the district of Landeck in the Austrian state of Tyrol located 22 km south of the city of Landeck at the border of Switzerland. It is one of the smallest communities in the district. Formerly a part of Nauders, it became its own municipality in 1547. The main sources of income nowadays are tourism and agriculture.
# Canon FTb

The Canon FTb is a 35 mm single-lens reflex camera manufactured by Canon of Japan from March 1971 replacing the Canon FT QL. It features a Canon FD lens mount, and is also compatible with Canon's earlier FL-mount lenses in stop-down metering mode. Launched alongside the top-of-the-line F-1, the FTb was the mass-market camera in the range. Its QL designation referred to the Quick Load feature introduced by the FT-QL (more fully-described in the article about that camera) which allowed changing film in the middle of the roll to change types of film, as well as making film loading easier.

## History

The FTb was primarily intended to be a camera for the advanced amateur photographer, offering many of the same features and same build quality as the F-1, but without the option of interchangeable prisms, focusing screens, or motor drives. The Canon FTb was released in Japan at a retail price of ¥35,000 (equivalent to ¥105,704 in 2019) for the camera body, and US$99 (equivalent to $744.82 in 2023) in the United States.
When the FTb entered the US market, it was only available through Sears.
In 1973, the FTb design was revised slightly. The camera was given a plastic tipped film advance lever. The stop down lever was changed to the same style as that found on the F-1. The PC sync socket was given a spring-loaded plastic cover. The ring around the outer edge of the shutter speed dial was changed from a scalloped design to a diamond textured design. Finally, a shutter speed display was added in the lower left hand corner of the viewfinder. This model was marketed as the FTb-N, although the camera's nameplate did not reflect this.

## Specifications

The FTb has an all-mechanical horizontally traveling focal plane shutter with timed speeds from 1/1000 to 1 second and bulb. The FTb has rubberized silk shutter curtains rather than the more durable but more expensive titanium curtains found on the F-1.
It offers a 10-second self-timer, as well as mirror lock-up.
The meter is of the 12% (1/9) partial type with the metering area indicated by a slightly darkened box in the center of the finder area. It is fully coupled to shutter speed dial and aperture ring on FD lenses in the match needle style. The meter was designed to be powered by a single 1.35 volt 625-type mercury cell, specifically the Mallory PX-625 and the Eveready EPX-625. While these batteries are obsolete, modern replacements include the Wein zinc-air cell PX625, available at large online retailers. Alternative options for replacement are to use a 1.5 volt silver battery either through a voltage dropping adapter or recalibrating the meter. Using modern zinc air batteries provide the original voltage, but have a relatively short life.
# Strengen

Strengen is a municipality in the district of Landeck in the Austrian state of Tyrol located 7.7 km west of the city of Landeck. The village was first mentioned in an atlas in 1774 as "Gstreng". The main source of income is tourism.

## People

* Hugo Stoltzenberg, chemist
* Barbara Zangerl, climber
# Yanai

Yanai may refer to:
* Yanai, Yamaguchi, a city in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan
** Yanai Station, a railway station in Yanai, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan
* Yanai (Japanese surname)
* Yannai, a Jewish surname
* Yannai (Payetan), 7th-century Jewish poet
# Thomas Z. Gipson

Thomas Z. "Hoot" Gipson (October 2, 1923 - June 9, 2012) was a pharmacist and politician in Mississippi. A Democrat, he served in the Mississippi House of Representatives between 1964–1968. He was born in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
He was a member of the House Game and Fish Committee.
# Alice Virginia Meyer

Alice Virginia Meyer (née Kliemand; 1921 - May 12, 2017) was an American educator and politician who served as member of the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 135th District for the Republican Party between 1976 and 1993 being succeeded by John Stripp.

## Life

Meyer was born in 1921 in New York City to Martin Gotthard Kliemand (1892-1970) and Marguerite Helene Kliemand (née Houze; 1894–1976). She was of German and French ancestry, with three out of four grandparents born in Europe.
# School of Mines El Abed

The École des Mines d'El Abed (EMEA) is an Algerian public school, under the supervision of the Ministry of Mines. It is responsible for providing training activities for the development of qualifications in mining-related professions. It is located in the municipality of El Bouihi, in the Tlemcen Province.

## Location

The EMEA is located in the mining village of El-Abed, in the municipality of El Bouihi, in the Tlemcen Province, on the Algerian-Moroccan border. It is situated 94 kilometers southwest of Tlemcen and 60 kilometers south of Maghnia. The infrastructure extends over 3 hectares.

## Establishment

The school was established in the form of a public industrial and commercial establishment in Algeria in 2004, on the site of the former zinc and lead mining complex of El Abed (Tlemcen Province), by executive decree No. 04-104 of April 5, 2004, creating, organizing, and operating the EMEA.
The school provides professional training (initial and advanced) for:
* Skilled workers
* Qualified workers and agents
* Highly qualified workers and agents
* Supervisors and technicians
The EMEA provides internships for university students and new recruits of companies.

## Facilities and capacity

The school is led by Mustapha Mekarzia. It consists of several educational facilities, an administrative block, and a training block. In 2018, it had a capacity of 100 places.
# Santa Clara High School (Santa Clara, California)

Santa Clara High School is a comprehensive, co-educational, public high school located in Santa Clara, California, United States. It is one of five high schools in the Santa Clara Unified School District (SCUSD).

## History

In 1872, Santa Clara High School opened in the downtown area on the same property as the Santa Clara Grammar School. In 1905, the board of education oversaw the construction of a new building at a different site, and the high school moved the following year.
In 1981, rival Buchser High School closed, and Santa Clara High School moved to its campus. Because of the influx of former Buchser students into the Santa Clara student body, the school changed its mascot, logo, and yearbook name.
Santa Clara High shares a longstanding rivalry with crosstown Wilcox High School.

## Swimming

San Jose State University Alumnus George Haines formed the Santa Clara Swim Club on campus in 1950. By 1960, seven swimmers from the club had qualified for the Olympics. The success of the club attracted swimmers to the high school. As a result of the club, the original Santa Clara High School was responsible for assembling the most Olympic gold medalists from a single high school.

## Notable alumni

* Mark Spitz - 2nd in all-time total golds in any Olympics- Olympic gold medal swimmer
* Margaret Jenkins - pioneer in women's sports/world class track and field/Olympic competitor
* Nino Bongiovanni - Major League Baseball outfielder
* Joe Bottom - Olympic silver medalist; two-time world record holder; Swimming Hall of Fame
* Donna De Varona - Olympic gold medal swimmer
* George Haines - USA, Olympic, and UCLA swimming coach
* Claudia Kolb - Olympic gold medal swimmer
* Mike Garzoni - NFL football guard
* Ken Powell - chairman, General Mills
* Harry Lew - former U.S. Marine
* Don Schollander - Olympic gold medal swimmer
* Heather Simmons-Carrasco - Olympic gold medalist in synchronized swimming
* Carol Speed - actress
* Julia Allender - Former Collegiate Basketball Coach
# Santalum haleakalae

Santalum haleakalae, known as Haleakala sandalwood or ʻIliahi in Hawaiian, is a species of flowering tree in the sandalwood family, that is endemic to the islands of Maui, Lanai, and Molokai in the Hawaiian Islands, part of the United States. It grows in subalpine shrublands at elevations of 1,900 to 2,700 m (6,200 to 8,900 ft), especially on the slopes of Haleakalā.

## Description

This is a shrub or small tree with green, ovate leaves that are often glaucous and tinged purple, especially in var. halekalae. The flowers are cream-colored to red in bud and cream to white when open, arranged in tight compound cymes. The fruit are reddish to black drupes.

## Range

Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae occurs only on the slopes of Haleakalā on Maui. Santalum haleakalae var. lanaiense occurs on the islands of Lanai, Molokai, and Maui.

## Habitat

Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae occupies subalpine and montane mesic forests, while Santalum haleakalae var. lanaiense occupies wet shrublands.

## Ecology

Like most sandalwoods, Santalum haleakalae is a hemiparasite, deriving some of its nutrition from the roots of surrounding plants, and Santalum haleakalae var. lanaiense is thought to use koa (Acacia koa) as a host (among other native trees). Their flowers provide nectar for native Hawaiian honeycreepers like the Maui ʻamakihi.

## Human use

Native Hawaiians used ‘iliahi (including other native members of this genus) for a variety of medicinal purposes, perfuming kapa, and making musical instruments. After learning of the lucrative global market in sandalwood in the late 18th century, Hawaiian nobles forced people of lower castes to harvest the wood of this and related trees, many of whom suffered or died in the process, resulting in famine due to abandoning food crops. Hawaii was so well known in China for its sandalwood that people in the Macau area referred to it as "Tan Heung Shan," or "the Sandalwood Mountains." The trade in Hawaiian sandalwood ended around the middle of the 19th century, and while many ‘iliahi populations have recovered, large, old trees remain difficult to find.

## Etymology

The specific and varietal epithet haleakalae comes from Haleakalā, the volcano to which that variety is endemic. The varietal epithet lanaiense comes from the island of Lanai, one of the islands where that variety occurs.

## Taxonomy

Research in 2010 determined that the Santalum freycinetianum was polyphyletic and the variety Santalum freycinetianum var. lanaiense was most closely related to S. haleakalae. The authors combined them as two varieties of the same species, Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae for the plants on Haleakalā and Santalum haleakalae var. lanaiense for the plants elsewhere on Maui as well as on Lanai and Molokai.
# Irma Blanco

Irma Blanco is an American radio personality from Los Angeles, California. Born and raised of Cuban heritage in Monterey Park, California, she has worked all over the United States, including Miami, San Francisco, Chicago, Los Angeles and Redlands, California.
Formerly of WRCX-FM 103.5 she was the portrayed "voice of reason" for the nationally syndicated morning radio show, Mancow's Morning Madhouse in Chicago, Illinois, hosted by Erich "Mancow" Muller. Blanco was with Mancow from 1994, when the show began in the early 1990s in California and ran until July 1998. WRCX, as well as the parent company, and both Mancow and Irma were sued by Keith Van Horne, a former NFL player, but the lawsuit was settled before she decided to leave the Chicago station.
Blanco previously worked at KBIG 104.3 MYfm in Los Angeles as a news and entertainment co-host on the KBIG morning show, Valentine in the Morning, weekday mornings 5-9 am Pacific Time. Blanco previously co-hosted the morning show with Charlie Tuna.
Blanco has most recently worked at KOLA 99.9 from March 2013 – January 12, 2018, her last day, weekday mornings 5-9 am Pacific Time as a co-host sidekick on "Jesse Duran (and Irma Blanco) in the Morning" to Jesse Duran, previously of 99.1 KGGI.
# Gymnocalycium uruguayense

Gymnocalycium uruguayense is a species of Gymnocalycium from Brazil and Uruguay.

## Description

Gymnocalycium uruguayense forms groups with juicy, green to blue-green bulbous body which is low to the ground, flattened, spherical shoots that are either flush with the ground or protrude 3 to 4 centimeters. These shoots have diameters of 5 to 10 centimeters (rarely up to 14 centimeters). The plant features six to ten (rarely up to 14) ribs divided into hexagonal humps with noticeable chin-like projections. It lacks central spines but has three to seven finely fluffy, straight to slightly curved, yellowish-brown to whitish marginal spines, 1 to 3 centimeters long.
The bell-shaped flowers are whitish to lemon yellow or pink, sometimes greenish-yellow, and reach up to 4 centimeters in length and 5.5 to 6.5 centimeters in diameter. The flowers are occasionally unisexual, and the plants are dioecious. The elongated to egg-shaped fruits are dark green to blue-green, up to 2 centimeters long, and 1 centimeter in diameter.

## Distribution

Gymnocalycium uruguayense is found in Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) and Uruguay.

## Taxonomy

First described as Echinocactus uruguayensis by José Arechavaleta in 1905, the species name refers to its distribution in Uruguay. In 1922, Nathaniel Lord Britton and Joseph Nelson Rose reclassified it under the genus Gymnocalycium.
# Alan Young (disambiguation)

Alan Young (1919–2016) was an English-American actor.
Alan, Allan, Allen or Allyn Young may also refer to:
* Alan Young (lawyer) (1955–2024), Canadian law professor
* Alan Young (Scottish footballer) (born 1955), Scottish footballer
* Alan Young (Australian footballer) (born 1933), Australian footballer for Collingwood
* Alan Young (English footballer) (born 1983), football midfielder for Swindon Town
* Allan Young (1941–2009), English footballer
* Allan Young (cricketer) (1920–1974), Australian cricketer
* Allen Young (1827–1915), English master mariner and explorer
* Allen Young (writer) (born 1941), American journalist, author and editor
* Allyn Abbott Young (1876–1929), economist
# United Reformed Church, Portland

The United Reformed Church is a former United Reformed Church in Chiswell, on the Isle of Portland, Dorset, England. It was founded in 1825 and closed in 2009.

## History

The United Reformed Church was founded in 1825 when the people of Chiswell, the oldest settlement on the island, banded together to convert a barn and stable into a place of worship. By 1827, Chiswell had to accommodate the growing congregation and as a result the first chapel was built during 1827–28. The church flourished under the guidance of the Rev JH Crump. The first pastor appointed to Portland was the Rev Frederick William Meadows. The next pastor, Rev C Cannon, died in office in 1854, whilst in those years the building had become too small for the growing congregation.
As the building was not large enough for the local congregation, a new church opened on the same site. Rev James Cheney, described in the church records as "a remarkable, resourceful and skilful man", was the guiding light for the building that stands in Chiswell today, which was opened by 21 October 1858. The church was first known as the Independent Chapel, as well as the Union Chapel, then the Congregational Church. It became known as the United Reformed Church in 1972.
However, by the 21st century, the numbers in the congregation had dramatically dropped. Seven local people decided to team together in an attempt to the keep the church open by dealing with administration and fund raising. Despite various attempts by the congregation to save it, the church's final service was held on 27 September 2009, conducted by the Rev Bob Damer. Although the building's future was uncertain, renovations have begun.
# Se non avessi più te (film)

Se non avessi più te is a 1965 Italian musicarello romantic comedy film directed by Ettore Maria Fizzarotti.

## Cast

* Gianni Morandi as Gianni Traimonti
* Laura Efrikian as Carla Todisco
* Anna Maria Polani as Isabel de Villalba
* Nino Taranto as Ten. Antonio Todisco
* Gino Bramieri as Gino Traimonti
* Dolores Palumbo as Santina Todisco
* Raffaele Pisu as Raffaele Traimonti
* Enrico Viarisio as The Colonel
* Aroldo Tieri as Neris
* Vittorio Congia as Nando Tazza
* Stelvio Rosi as Giorgio
* Nino Terzo as La Bennola
* Dino Mele as Ciccio
* Carlo Taranto as Sgt. Scannapieco
* Daniele Vargas as Hotel Manager in Barcelona
# James Iredell Jr.

James Iredell Jr. (November 2, 1788 – April 13, 1853) was the 23rd Governor of the U.S. state of North Carolina between 1827 and 1828.

## Early life

Iredell was born in Chowan County, North Carolina. He was the son of well-known parents: his father, James Iredell, was a statesman and U.S. Supreme Court justice, and his mother was the sister of former Governor Samuel Johnston. In 1806, young Iredell graduated from the College of New Jersey (today Princeton University).
On his way toward political prominence, Iredell commanded a company of volunteers during the War of 1812, practiced law in Chowan County, served in the state House of Commons, as a representative from Edenton, and was appointed a Superior Court judge.
Iredell kept a diary, which was rare among the North Carolina gentry at that time and provides researchers with a glimpse into the life of that time period.

## Governor and U.S. Senator

During his short term as governor, he pushed for better infrastructure and education. Reacting to an interest of the day—horse-drawn railroad carriages—he suggested the construction of a trial railroad from Campbellton to Fayetteville.
However, his brief time in office (and the inherent weaknesses of the governor under the Constitution of North Carolina) did not allow him to accomplish much. He left office after a few months to serve in the U.S. Senate, a post he held from 1828 to 1831. He was completing the term of Nathaniel Macon, who had resigned. By that time, Iredell was a Jacksonian, or member of the Democratic Party. Iredell did not seek to be re-elected by the state General Assembly to a full term in the Senate. He moved to Raleigh, practiced law, and served as court reporter for the North Carolina Supreme Court from 1840 to 1852. He died in Edenton and is buried there in the Johnston Burial Ground.
# Avondale, Parramatta

Avondale is a heritage-listed former residence and now offices at 25 O'Connell Street, Parramatta, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

## History

The land on which Avondale now sits was auctioned by the Crown in November 1893. The Avondale house was built c. 1900. It passed through a succession of owners as a private residence, and was briefly operated as a private hospital (1924) and private school (1929).
A section 130 order was placed over Avondale on 9 January 1981 to prevent its demolition. Under section 132 of the Heritage Act the owner gave notice of his intention to demolish the building. On 27 February 1981 an Interim Heritage Order was placed over the building. On 14 January 1982, the Heritage Council approved an application to renovate Avondale and incorporate it into a town house development to the rear of the site and of the neighbouring site. This development was later deferred and did not proceed.
On 14 May 1984, the Heritage Council approved an application to use Avondale as offices and for external treatment of the building and fencing. It remains as commercial offices in 2018.
A Permanent Conservation Order was placed over the building on 18 February 1983. It was transferred to the State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

## Description

Avondale is a two-storey brick and tile building which has external timber detailing in the Federation style. The brickwork is a dull brown with re grain features and the roof is gabled and hipped with bellcast detailing over the verandah. The verandah is two-storey on two sides with cast iron posts and balustrade with geometrical coloured tile paving on the ground level. A crenellated parapet exists over the front on the gabled front wing.

## Heritage listing

Avondale was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999. It is historically significant and is representative.
# Vladimir Merkulov (pilot)

Vladimir Ivanovich Merkulov (Russian: Владимир Иванович Меркулов; 28 December 1922 – 26 November 2003) was a Soviet fighter pilot and flying ace during World War II. Awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union on 26 October 1944 for his initial victories, by the end of the war his tally reached 29 solo and four shared shootdowns.
# Syntomodrillia hesperia

Syntomodrillia hesperia is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Drilliidae.

## Description

The length of the shell varies between 5.6 mm and 9.1 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs in the Caribbean Sea off Honduras and Panama.
# Sarah Cooper (sport shooter)

Sarah Jane Cooper née Sarah Robinson (born 1949) is a British former sports shooter.
She was a co-founder of Accuracy International with her husband Malcolm Cooper, and Martin Kay, Dave Walls, and David Caig.

## Sports shooting career

Cooper competed in the 1984 Summer Olympics and 1988 Summer Olympics.
She represented England and won a gold medal in the 50 metres Rifle three position pair with her husband Malcolm Cooper, at the 1986 Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, Scotland.

## Personal life

She married Malcolm Cooper in 1974.