OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bartonian

The Bartonian is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy's (ICS) geologic time scale, a stage or age in the middle of the Eocene Epoch or Series. The Bartonian Age spans the time between 41.2 and 37.71 Ma. It is preceded by the Lutetian and is followed by the Priabonian Age.

## Stratigraphic definition

The Bartonian Stage was introduced by Swiss stratigrapher Karl Mayer-Eymar in 1857. The name derives from the Barton Group, a lithostratigraphic unit from the south English Hampshire Basin, which in turn derived its name from the local coastal village Barton-on-Sea (part of New Milton) in southern England. The distinction between group and stage was made in the second part of the 20th century, when stratigraphers saw the need to distinguish between litho- and chronostratigraphy.
The base of the Bartonian is at the first appearance of the calcareous nanoplankton species Reticulofenestra reticulata. In 2009, an official reference profile (GSSP) for the base of the Bartonian had not yet been established.
The top of the Bartonian Stage (the base of the Priabonian) is at the first appearance of calcareous nanoplankton species Chiasmolithus oamaruensis (which forms the base of nanoplankton biozone NP18).
The Bartonian Stage overlaps part of the upper Robiacian European Land Mammal Mega Zone (it spans the Mammal Paleogene zone 16), the upper Uintan and Duchesnean North American Land Mammal Ages, part of the Divisaderan South American Land Mammal Age and is coeval with the Sharamururian Asian Land Mammal Age.
The Auversian regional stage of France is coeval with the Bartonian and is therefore no longer used.
# Samuel E. Hayes Jr.

Samuel E. Hayes Jr. (born September 3, 1940) is a former Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.
Hayes is now a part-time professor at Juniata College in Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, where he teaches classes on state and local government and the legislative process.

## Biography

Hayes held senior leadership positions in both the legislative and executive branches of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As a lawmaker and legislative leader in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, he served as the majority leader and whip. Subsequently, Hayes served as the secretary of agriculture.
As a legislative leader, Hayes advocated for basic and higher education, authored Pennsylvania’s school subsidy formula, wrote legislation to fund Pennsylvania’s highway program, and increased appropriations for Pennsylvania State University's extension and agricultural research.
As secretary of agriculture, he provided the leadership to establish the model protocols to eradicate avian influenza in poultry flocks and the plum pox virus in fruit orchards, established Pennsylvania as a national leader in farmland preservation, and expanded the Pennsylvania Farm Show complex to the largest exposition facility in the U.S.
Hayes has served as a member of multiple boards and commissions, including the Pennsylvania State Board of Education. He has chaired the Pennsylvania Farmland Preservation Board, the Pennsylvania Farm Show Commission, the State Conservation Commission, and the Pennsylvania Animal Health Commission, and also served as president of the Pennsylvania FFA Foundation.
In addition, Hayes served as a member of the board of trustees at Penn State from 1997 to 2014 and is currently a trustee emeritus.
Hayes has received multiple awards from Pennsylvania, national, and international organizations, including an Honorary Doctor of Laws degree from Juniata College, the Penn State Alumni Association’s Alumni Fellow Award, the Distinguished Service Award from both the Pennsylvania Farm Bureau and Penn Ag Industries, and the highest award bestowed by the University of Guanajuato on a person living outside of the Republic of Mexico.
A Vietnam War veteran, Hayes was also selected for the inaugural class of the National Army ROTC Hall of Fame.

## Personal life

Hayes and his wife, Elizabeth Keister ’63, live in Warriors Mark, Pa., and have three sons: Samuel, III; Lee; and Erick.
# Deh Kohneh, Lamerd

Deh Kohneh (Persian: ده كهنه) is a village in Chah Varz Rural District, in the Central District of Lamerd County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 201, in 42 families.
# Meuse TGV station

Meuse TGV is a railway station that opened in June 2007 along with the LGV Est, a TGV high-speed rail line from Paris to Strasbourg. It is located in Les Trois-Domaines, about 30 km from Verdun and Bar-le-Duc, France. Designed by Jean-Marie Duthilleul, director of architecture for the SNCF, it is the first timber-built station in France since Abbeville in 1856.
On 14 November 2015, a test train performing commissioning tests on the second phase of the LGV Est left Meuse TGV station headed to Strasbourg, but it derailed at a bridge over the Marne–Rhine Canal resulting in 11 deaths.
# Swedish overseas trade during World War II

From the German capture of Denmark and Norway, the Swedish overseas trade during World War II was mainly blocked by the battle of the Atlantic, but Swedish diplomats convinced Germany and the United Kingdom to let through a few vessels, mainly to the United States until their entrance into the war, and neutral countries in Latin America. These transports, called lejdtrafiken, "the safe conduct traffic", were monitored by both powers, and ten of them were sunk during the war. Sweden mainly imported petroleum products and agricultural produce, and exported wood products. Overall, petrol imports to Sweden greatly decreased, and substitute fuels were found.
Sweden traded considerable goods with Germany during the war, particularly iron, iron products, ball bearings, and trucks. Though Sweden purchased American manufactured military aircraft early in the war, sales became prohibited by the US government in 1940. As a result Sweden bought 200 planes from Italy instead. As the war progressed, strategic products such as rubber and metals were prohibited.
Import from Sweden to the United Kingdom was organised in several blockade-running operations such as Operation Rubble (January 1941), Operation Performance (March 1942) and Operation Bridford (October 1943 to March 1944). Historian Christian Leitz says that Sweden violated their neutrality by offering the United Kingdom ball bearings at a discount. In 1938 SKF only charged the UK 74% of what they charged Germany and in 1943 only 68%, whereas historian Eric Bernard Golson says that neutral powers such as Sweden maintained their neutrality and independence by offering economic concessions to the wartime powers to make up for their relative military weakness.
# Joyce Banda Foundation

The Joyce Banda Foundation is a primary and secondary school in Malawi founded by Joyce Banda in 1997. Its primary focus is education and sustainable development. In response to the needs of the rural community, it grew into a multi-faceted organisation.

## Schooling

The primary school provides primary education for pupils of the age of 4 to 12. The secondary school offers both local and international curricula to its students. Students can sit for both IGCSE and MANEB Examinations.

## Health

The Joyce Banda Foundation hosts an Orphan Care Center that provides care for orphans which includes access to education. It cares for over 600 children through 6 centers. The foundation also hosts 4 medical clinics for 200 villages, and assists the rural communities with development needs in the area of agriculture, health, and other daily needs. The foundation has a working partnership with other non-profits, including the Jack Brewer Foundation in the U.S.

## Joyce Banda Foundation Integrated Rural Development Programme (JBFIRDP)

The Foundation initially started as an academic centre but now is an institution which also assists in development projects.

### Micro-Credit

The foundation provide micro-credit loans to over 40 members.

### Agricultural Assistance

Assists farmers by providing seeds, blankets etc.
# Rensselaer Westerlo

Rensselaer Westerlo (May 6, 1776 – April 18, 1851) was a United States representative from New York and a member of the Livingston family.

## Early life

Rensselaer Westerlo was born on May 6, 1776, at the Van Rensselaer Manor House in Albany in the Province of New York. He was the son of Catherine Livingston (1745–1810) and her second husband Eilardus Westerlo (1738–1790). Catherine Livingston was the daughter of Philip Livingston (1716–1778), and widow of Stephen Van Rensselaer II, and the mother of Stephen Van Rensselaer. Westerlo's sister, Catherine Westerlo, married John Woodworth.
Westerlo graduated from Columbia College in New York City in 1795. He studied law, was admitted to the bar, and practiced.

## Career

Westerlo was active in the militia, and served as an aide to Stephen Van Rensselaer and commander of a cavalry regiment in the War of 1812. In 1818 he became commander of New York's 3rd Cavalry Brigade with the rank of Brigadier General.
Westerlo was elected as a Federalist to the Fifteenth Congress (March 4, 1817 – March 3, 1819). He was not a candidate for reelection and resumed the practice of law.

## Personal life

On May 5, 1805, he married Jane Lansing (1785–1871), daughter of Chancellor John Lansing Jr. Together, they had six children:
* Catherine Westerlo (1806–1890)
* Elizabeth Van Rensselaer Westerlo (b. 1816)
* Cornelia Lansing Westerlo (1826–1876)
* Mary Lansing Westerlo (1826–1876)
* Eliardus Westerlo (d. 1859)
* Joanna Westerlo
He died in Albany on April 18, 1851, and was interred at Albany Rural Cemetery.
# Capture of Muscat (1507)

The Capture of Muscat happened in 1507, when a Portuguese armada commanded by Afonso de Albuquerque attacked and conquered the city of Muscat, which was under Hormuzi rule.

## Background

In 1506, Albuquerque left Lisbon and together with Tristão da Cunha, commanded the 8th Portuguese India Armada. They reached the Indian Ocean in 1507 and started conquering cities all over the East African coast. Then, they proceeded to the island of Socotra, which was also conquered. With this, Albuquerque separated from the rest of the armada with around 500 men and 6 ships and headed towards the Arabian peninsula.
The Portuguese finally reached the coast of Oman in the summer of 1507, passing by the Masirah Island, conquering Qalhat and Quriyat using brutal force, not even women and children were sparred from the massacres. Albuquerque's forces reached Muscat soon after. After arriving there, the Portuguese commander classified Muscat as the "principal entrepôt of the Kingdom of Hormuz" and "a very large and populous city....". Although he would greatly compliment the city, this had done little to save it from the terrifying violence that was yet to come.

## The conquest

The Portuguese soldiers began the assault before daybreak with two different groups launching opposite sides of the city. The Muslim defenders fought bravely but to no avail, the Portuguese drove them out of town and remained in pursuit, killing most of them. Local Muslim ships had virtually no chance in defeating the Portuguese heavy weaponry. The citizens of Muscat promised Afonso de Albuquerque ten thousand xerafins of gold if he did not sack the town. However, after failing to produce the sum, the Portuguese set the entire city ablaze. Men, women and children were slaughtered. Stories of this brutality remain in the memories of those who faced the wrath of Albuquerque's power.
After staying in the city for eight days, the Portuguese left and went to conquer the city of Sohar. Hormuz would be the next target but this time the Portuguese commander would not be so successful, as he was forced to abandon the attack after a mutiny in his army.

## Aftermath

The Portuguese ruled Muscat and other Omani coastal cities for almost 150 years.
# G.O.M.D.

"G.O.M.D." is a song by American rapper J. Cole, from his third studio album, 2014 Forest Hills Drive. The song, an acronym for the statement "Get Off My Dick", interpolates "Get Low" by Lil Jon and samples "Berta, Berta" by Branford Marsalis, and was produced by Cole.
"G.O.M.D." received mixed reviews from critics who argued over its production and lyrical content. The song peaked at number 34 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. It was planned for the song to be released as the lead single from the album in December 2014, but it was replaced by "Apparently". A music video for the song directed by Lawrence Lamont was still released in March 2015 and is a period piece that features Cole as a house slave to a white-owned plantation.

## Critical reception

"G.O.M.D." received mixed reviews from music critics. Marshall Gu of PopMatters said that it has "the most inspired beat on the album," but was put off by the lyric that's similar to Jay Z's verse on "Drunk in Love". Craig Jenkins of Pitchfork Media highlighted it alongside "Fire Squad" and "A Tale of 2 Citiez" for displaying Cole's technical delivery. Martín Caballero of USA Today was critical of the track, putting it alongside "St. Tropez" and "No Role Modelz" for their lackluster production techniques and delivery of concept, saying they "become so bloated and desperate to be taken seriously they stop being fun."

## Music video

Directed by Lawrence Lamont, the video for "G.O.M.D." is a period piece, where Cole portrays a house slave who causes an uprising against a white-owned plantation. On March 23, 2015, the video was released on Cole's Vevo channel. Cole had the concept in mind for two years, originally wanting it for the Born Sinner track "Chaining Day" and Hype Williams as the video's director. On the video's message, Cole stated that it went beyond racism and that it was about bringing the black community together in their united struggle against oppression.

## Charts

| Chart (2015) | Peak position |
| US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles (Billboard) | 9 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 34 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Denmark (IFPI Danmark) | Gold | 45,000$^‡$ |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Gold | 400,000$^‡$ |
| United States (RIAA) | 4× Platinum | 4,000,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Joni Pirtskhalaishvili

Joni Pirtskhalaishvili (Georgian: ჯონი ფირცხალაიშვილი) (born 22 May 1947) is a retired Georgian lieutenant general (1999). He was the country's Minister of Defense from 15 September 1991 to 2 January 1992 and the Chief of General Staff of Georgian Armed Forces from May 1998 to September 2003.

## Biography

Born in Lanchkhuti and a graduate of the Frunze Military Academy in Moscow, Pirtskhalaishvili commanded a Soviet motor-rifle division in Ukraine before returning to Georgia. He briefly served as the country's Defense Minister in the government of President Zviad Gamsakhurdia from September 1991 to January 1992, when Gamsakhurdia was declared deposed in a military coup. During the rule of Eduard Shevardnadze, Pirtskhalaishvili became Deputy Defense Minister under Vardiko Nadibaidze, but ultimately resigned because of differences with Nadibaidze over military reforms.
After the dismissal of Nadibaidze in 1998, Major-General Pirtskhalaishvili was appointed Chief of the General Staff and promoted to the rank of lieutenant general. During his tenure, the United States launched the GTEP training program for the Georgian troops and Georgia deployed its contingent in Iraq.
During the disputed parliamentary election in November 2003, eventually annulled by the Rose Revolution later that month, Pirtskhalaishvili ran, unsuccessfully, in the Lanchkhuti constituency on a ticket of pro-Shevardnadze election bloc For New Georgia.
# Rita Bentley

Rita Bentley (16 July 1931 - 26 October 2016), Rita Lauder after marriage, was a British tennis player of the 1950s and 1960s. She also played field hockey and represented the England women's national team.
A native of Blackpool, Bentley was a member of Great Britain's 1966 Wightman Cup team, in a squad which included Ann Haydon-Jones and Virginia Wade. She was used for the deciding doubles rubber, which the Americans won.
Bentley twice reached the singles round of 16 at Wimbledon and was the All England Plate winner in 1961. Other career titles include the Queen's Club in 1962 and the Canadian Championships in 1966. She was a singles quarter-finalist at both the 1963 Australian Championships and 1967 U.S. National Championships.
# Dinan station

Dinan station (French: Gare de Dinan) is a French railway station on the Lison to Lamballe line, in the town of Dinan, Côtes-d'Armor, Brittany. It has included a railway museum since 1991. The station was opened in 1879 by the Western Railways Company. It is now a station of the Société nationale des chemins de fer français (SNCF), served by trains operated by TER Bretagne.

## Network location

The station is at an altitude of 76 metres (249 ft). It is at kilometer point (KP) 169.940 of the Lison to Lamballe line, between the Hisse and Corseul stations. It was at the start of lines to Saint-Énogat and La Brohinière, both of which were closed in the 1990s.

## History

The single-track section from Dol-de-Bretagne to Lamballe, on which is Dinan is located, was commissioned on 29 December 1879 by the Western Railway Company. The present station dates from 1931, and was designed by Georges-Robert Lefort. It was part of the construction program launched by Raoul Dautry, general manager of the state railway administration, to renovate several of the company's stations. Inside the hall there are two mosaics. One is a map of the railways in the region, and the other a map of the town of Dinan. These mosaics have been registered as historical monuments since 21 November 1995.

## Services

The station has a building with open ticket windows every day except Sunday and is also equipped with ticket vending machines.
Dinan is served by TER Bretagne trains that terminate or originate in the station. Trains come from or go to Dol-de-Bretagne on one side (TER line 17), or Saint-Brieuc on the other side (TER line 24). Some of the trains go on to, or come from, Lannion or Guingamp. There is only one round trip per day that does not end in this station, between Dol-de-Bretagne and Saint-Brieuc. The station was served by a direct express train from Paris until 27 September 1986.

## Connections

There is a parking lot.
The station is served by three road networks:
* Lines 1 and 2 of the Dinan urban bus (Dinanbus)
* Coaches of the Tibus departmental network on the following lines:
** No 10 between Saint-Malo and Dinan
** No 11 between Dinan and Taden
** No 17 between Dinan and Montauban-de-Bretagne
* Coaches of the ILLENOO departmental network between Rennes and Dinard.

## Museum

The Railway Museum was opened in the station in 1991. It is managed by the Dinan Railway Society, and present the history of the regional railroad and material gathered by collectors association: models, costumes, posters, job referrals, model trains and a beautiful and very large scale model at 1:43 with several trains running in a large Dinan landscape that is rich in details.
# Haiti during World War I

Following the United States declaration of war on Germany (1917), the Haitian government protested against the heavy German U-boat submarine activity in the area, and officially declared war on July 12, 1918.

## United States occupation of Haiti

The United States occupation of Haiti began on July 28, 1915, when 330 US Marines landed at the Haitian capital city of Port-au-Prince, on the authority of United States President Woodrow Wilson. The July Intervention took place after the murder of dictator President Vilbrun Guillaume Sam by insurgents angered by his political executions of his political opponents.

## Vilbrun Guillaume Sam

Vilbrun Guillaume Sam (March 4, 1859 - July 28, 1915) was President of Haiti from March 4 - July 27, 1915.
The culmination of the repressive measures came on July 27, 1915, as he was responsible for ordering the execution of 167 political prisoners, including former president Zamor, who was being held in a Port-au-Prince jail. This infuriated the population, which rose against the Sam government as soon as news of the executions reached them.
Sam fled to the French Embassy, where he received asylum. The Haitian rebels' mulatto leaders broke into the embassy and Sam was found. The rebels dragged him out, beating him senseless and throwing his limp body over the embassy's iron fence to the waiting populace, who ripped his body to pieces and paraded the parts through the capital's neighborhoods. In two weeks the country was in chaos.

## Philippe Sudré Dartiguenave

Philippe Sudré Dartiguenave (1862 - 1926) was a lawyer propelled to power in Haiti as the twenty-seventh President of the Republic of Haiti (1915–1922). He became the president after the Invasion of Haiti by the United States. Dartiguenave continued Haiti's participation in World War I alongside France and the United States in World War I. with the victory of the Triple Entente, Haiti was a victorious ally in 1918. The credit then returned to President Dartiguenave.
Following the United States' entry into World War I, the Haitian government protested against the heavy German submarine activity in the area. Haiti expelled all Germans from the country and the German Empire broke off diplomatic relations with Port-au-Prince on June 16, 1917.

## Entry into World War I

A month after the United States declared war, Haitian President Dartiguenave asked the Haitian Congress for a declaration of war because of the destruction by a German submarine of a French steamer which had among its crew and passengers Haitian citizens. Congress refused but a few days later adopted a resolution condemning unrestricted submarine warfare and empowering the president to break off diplomatic relations with Germany if that country refused reparations and guarantee for the future. Haiti eventually declared war in July 1918.
# Slavina Koleva

Slavina Koleva (Bulgarian: Славина Колева) (born (1986-11-22)22 November 1986) is a Bulgarian female volleyball player. She is a member of the Bulgaria women's national volleyball team and was part of the Bulgarian national team at the 2014 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship in Italy. On club level, she plays for CS Volei Alba-Blaj since 2017.

## Clubs

* Saint-Raphaël Var VB (2009–2010)
* Karşıyaka Izmir (2014–2015)
* Calcit Volleyball (2015–2017)
* Sta. Lucia Lady Realtors (2017)
* CS Volei Alba-Blaj (2017–2018)
* Știința Bacău (2018–2019)
# Luther Metke at 94

Luther Metke at 94 is a 1979 American short documentary film directed by Jorge Preloran and Steve Raymen at the Ethnographic Film Program, University of California, Los Angeles. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short in 1980.
The film presents a portrait of Luther Metke, a veteran of the Spanish–American War. Even in his advanced age, Metke continues his work of building log cabins by hand in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon. The film documents many aspects of log cabin building as Metke works on a hexagonal cabin and teaches his methods to a young couple. Additional footage shows Metke's daily life, accompanied by a voice over of his recollections, commentary on log cabin construction, and musings on life. Metke also shares some of his poetry on camera and through voice over.
# Ibrahim

Ibrahim may refer to:
* Ibrahim (name), including a list of people with the name
** Abraham in Islam
* Ibrahim (surah), a surah of the Qur'an
* Ibrahim (play) or Ibrahim The Illustrious Bassa, a 1676 tragedy by Elkanah Settle, based on a 1641 novel by Madeleine de Scudéry
* Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership