OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sonaca 200

The Sonaca 200 is a Belgian two-seat training aircraft designed and built by Sonaca Aircraft.
Production was started in 2017 and halted in 2022, with 57 aircraft completed.

## Design and development

The Sonaca 200 is a low-wing cantilever monoplane made from aluminium alloy, it has an enclosed cabin with two side-by-side seats. It is powered by a 115 hp Rotax 914 and has a fixed tricycle landing gear.
In late 2015, the Sonaca group announced the creation of the subsidiary “Sonaca Aircraft” dedicated to the development, certification and market launch of a new training aircraft based on TAF's Sling 2. Later the aircraft was renamed as Sonaca 200. The single-engine two-seater, specifically designed for pilots' training and leisure flights, was certified in June 2018. Sonaca 200 is EASA-certified for a maximum take-off weight of 750 kg and a cruise speed of 115 knots. In addition to the obtention of the type certification, Sonaca Aircraft has obtained a Design Organisation Approval (DOA) and Production Organisations Approvals (POA) certification.
An initial demonstrator was assembled in April 2015, at Johannesburg by The Airplane Factory. In April 2017, Sonaca Aircraft unveiled the new version of the Sonaca 200 in which 80% of the structure has been redesigned compared to the initial "Amateur Construction" prototype version.
In 2018, after obtaining the Type Certification of the S200, Sonaca Aircraft announced the development of a Glass Cockpit variant, named the S201.
Production was halted in May 2022, after 57 aircraft had been completed. The company cited the effects of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on market demand as the main reason and noted that it had not been able to reach agreements with its suppliers. The company expected production demand would not recover before 2025 and will, in the meantime, focus on the production of sub-contracted aerostructures.

## Variants
### S200

    Production variant certified under EASA CS-VLA requirements with analogue flight instruments.

### S201

    Glass cockpit model certified in 2019, using Garmin G500 TXi suite.

## Specification

Data from TCDS
General characteristics
* Crew: 1 pilot
* Capacity: 1 passenger or trainee
* Length: 6.74 m (22 ft 1 in)
* Wingspan: 9.24 m (30 ft 4 in)
* Height: 2.56 m (8 ft 5 in)
* Wing area: 11.85 m$^2$ (127.6 sq ft)
* Max takeoff weight: 750 kg (1,653 lb)
* Fuel capacity: 140 L
* Powerplant: 1 × Rotax 914F four-stroke piston engine, 86 kW (115 hp)
* Propellers: 3-bladed DUC Helices FLASH-R, 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) diameter Clockwise rotation (pilot;s view)
Performance
* Cruise speed: 213 km/h (132 mph, 115 kn)
* Never exceed speed: 250 km/h (155 mph, 135 kn)
* Service ceiling: 4,000 m (13,000 ft)
* Rate of climb: 3.8 m/s (750 ft/min)
# Harry D. Dixon

Harry Donival Dixon (March 24, 1925 – March 12, 2012) was an American politician in Waycross, Georgia. He was a member of the Georgia House of Representatives from 1962 to 2000. He was a member of the Democratic Party.
Dixon was born in Brantley County, Georgia, on March 24, 1925. He grew up in a railroad family and worked as a locomotive engine man on the Atlantic Coast Line. In 1943, he entered U.S. Maritime Service and served in World War II. He was discharged in 1946, and returned to Waycross, Georgia, and the railroad company. In 1952, he was promoted to engineer. In September 1962, he was elected as a Democrat to the Georgia House of Representatives, where he served for 38 years. He served as Chairman of Regulated Beverages for 27 years, and rewrote many of Georgia's liquor laws. Dixon served on the State Transportation Board of the Georgia Department of Transportation.
In December 2009, Bob Short of the Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies interviewed Mr. Dixon as part of its Reflections on Georgia Politics Oral History Collection.
# C. James Roper

C. James Roper (April 14, 1905 – September 18, 1983) was an American physician and politician from Georgia. He served in the Georgia State Senate for one term, from 1957 to 1959.

## Early life

Roper was born April 14, 1905, in Jasper, Georgia. He attended Berea College, where he graduated in 1928. Shortly after, he began teaching science and chemistry in Austinburg, Ohio. He later attended the Medical College of Georgia, graduating in 1934 with an M.D. He served in World War II in the Army Air Forces and was sent to Europe in 1943 as a flight surgeon, with the rank of Major. He was discharged from service in 1946.

## Career

He served in the Georgia State Senate from 1957 to 1959, representing the 41st district, composing of Pickens, Fannin, and Gilmer counties in mountainous North Georgia. He represented an ancestrally Republican district in Georgia. He was known for introducing healthcare bills in the legislature. He was known locally as "the mountain doctor" by his constituents.
In 1982, he retired from medical practice at age 76 due to poor health.

## Personal life

He met his wife, Helen Ellsworth, while teaching in Austinburg. They married on June 18, 1932. They had three daughters.
He died on September 18, 1983, at age 78.
# Charles Emerson Waters

Charles Emerson "Dink" Waters (November 25, 1910 – August 29, 1979) was an American politician who served in the Georgia State Senate.

## Early life

Waters was born on November 25, 1910, in Ellijay, Georgia, the son of Emerson Franklin Waters and Sallie (Greer) Waters. He attended Ellijay High School in 1927 and the U.S. Military Academy in 1929.

## Political career

Waters, a fourth generation Republican, began his political career serving as a state delegate to the 1948 Republican National Convention pledged to the Dewey–Warren ticket. He served as mayor pro temp of Ellijay from 1950 to 1951. He would later attend the 1952, 1956, 1960, and 1964 Republican Conventions. Waters served two terms in the Georgia State Senate: from 1955 to 1956 and 1961–1962. He was elected to Georgia's 41st District, representing the ancestrally Republican Fannin and Pickens counties. In 1960, he was appointed head of the Senate Administrative Affairs Committee. On February 6, 1962, he introduced a bill alongside a fellow Senator Ed Perry that would raise county officials salaries in Fannin and Evans counties. In 1964, he was initially the only uncommitted delegate in the Georgia delegation, but would later support Goldwater.

## Personal life

He married his wife, Emma Lee Jordan, on May 15, 1937. Together they had two children: one son (Charles Jordan) and one daughter (Catherine). He died on August 29, 1979, aged 68.
# Egils Appelsín

Appelsín is a fizzy orange-flavored soft drink, manufactured by Egill Skallagrímsson Brewery in Iceland since 1955. The products are accompanied by the slogan ‚hið eina sanna‘, meaning 'the one and only‘. During Christmas time, it is traditionally mixed with Malt (Maltextrakt), called Jólaöl (Christmas ale), also available pre-mixed. To prevent the foam from overflowing, the Appelsín can be poured before the Malt.
# Margaret of Masovia

Margaret of Masovia Polish: Małgorzata (before 1358 – 14 May 1388/4 April 1396) was Duchess of Pomerania and Brzeg, by her marriages to Casimir IV, Duke of Pomerania and then to Henry VII of Brzeg. She was a member of the House of Piast.
Margaret was a daughter of Siemowit III of Masovia and his wife Euphemia of Opawa. Her paternal grandparents were Trojden I of Masovia and his wife Maria, daughter of Yuri I of Galicia and Euphemia of Kuyavia.

## Life

In 1369 Margaret married her first husband Casimir IV, Duke of Pomerania, son of Bogislaw V, Duke of Pomerania and Elizabeth of Poland. The marriage was arranged because Casimir was the grandson of Casimir III the Great and was a possible successor for his grandfather (who never had any sons). Therefore, this marriage was a very important alliance and it had been hoped it would possibly introduce the Masovian blood into the Polish royal family.
Casimir had been married once before to Johanna of Lithuania, who had died the year before Margaret's marriage, without any children.
After the death of Margaret's mother, Siemowit remarried to Anna of Ziębice. They had a couple of children who died young before Anna gave birth to a healthy son, Henry. Siemowit did not believe the child was his; he accused his wife of adultery and had her strangled. Henry was then cast away. After a few years it was reported that the child had physical similarities to his father. Margaret decided to rescue her half-brother and took him to her mansion in Słupsk. Siemowit later accepted that the child was his and made him Bishop of Płock.
Soon after her marriage, Margaret adopted an illegitimate son of King Casimir.
On January 2, 1377, Margaret's husband Casimir died. They had no children.
Two years after the death of her first husband in 1379, Margaret remarried to Henry VII of Brzeg. They were married for eight years and had two children:
* Margareta (b. 1380/84 - d. after 2 October 1408); she was betrothed to the Sigismund of Luxemburg, King of Bohemia and Emperor, but the marriage never took place.
* Louis II (b. 1380/85 - d. 30 May 1436).
Margaret's date of death is disputed but it is believed that she died on either 14 May 1388 or 4 April 1396. Her husband died in 1399.
# Pratt & Whitney X-1800

The Pratt & Whitney X-1800 (later enlarged as the XH-2600) was an H-block aircraft engine project developed between 1938 and 1940, which was cancelled with only one example being built.

## Design and development

The X-1800 was a watercooled 24-cylinder H-block of 2,240 in$^3$ displacement; this was later expanded to 2,600 in$^3$ displacement. It was intended to be used in the Vultee XP-54, Curtiss-Wright XP-55 Ascender, Northrop XP-56, Lockheed XP-49, and Lockheed XP-58 Chain Lightning. Projected performance was to be 1,800 to 2,200 hp (1350-1640 kW), with a turbocharger to secure high-altitude performance. The designation came from the intended power rating rather than the more usual cubic inch engine displacement figure.
The target date for series production was 1942. In 1940, however, performance on the test bench did not continue to improve, demonstrating a need for considerable additional development effort. Pratt & Whitney subsequently ended development of the X-1800 in October 1940, with only one built, to concentrate on radial engines.

## Intended applications

* Curtiss-Wright XP-55 Ascender
* Lockheed XP-49
* Lockheed XP-58 Chain Lightning
* Northrop N-1
* Northrop XP-56
* Vultee XP-54

## Specifications (X-1800)
### General characteristics

* Type: 24 cylinder H-engine
* Bore: 5.25in (133.35mm)
* Stroke: 5.00in (127mm)
* Displacement: 2,597.7 cu in (42.57L)
* Length: 107in (2.71m)
* Dry weight: 2,400lb (1,089kg)

### Components

* Valvetrain: Sleeve valves

### Performance

* Power output: 1,800 - 2,000 hp
# Helen Douglas Mankin

Helen Douglas Mankin (September 11, 1896 – July 25, 1956) was a 20th-century American lawyer and politician. She was the second woman to represent Georgia in the United States House of Representatives, serving part of one term from 1946 to 1947 after winning a special election to fill the seat of a predecessor who had resigned.

## Early life and education

Mankin was born September 11, 1896, in Atlanta, Fulton County, Georgia. She grew up there, attending public and private schools. She graduated with an A.B. from Rockford College, Rockford, Illinois, in 1917. She graduated with an LL.B. from Atlanta Law School in 1920.

## Career

During and after the First World War, Mankin served as an ambulance driver and mechanic in the American Women's Hospital Unit No. 1, a Red Cross unit attached to the French army in 1918 and 1919. She was there as a civilian and was not officially a military veteran. She was decorated by the French government with a Medaille de Reconnaissance.
In 1925, Douglas became the fifth national president of the Women's Overseas Service League.
After the war and earning her law degree, Mankin entered private practice as an attorney in Atlanta, Georgia.
She entered politics, and served as a Democratic member of the Georgia House of Representatives from 1937 until 1946.
In 1946, Mankin was elected as a Democrat to represent the fifth congressional district of Georgia in the 79th United States Congress, filling the seat left vacant by the resignation of Robert Ramspeck. As the election was a special election rather than a regular election, the "white primary" rule used to exclude African-Americans from electoral participation did not apply. Thanks to strong support from African-American voters, Mankin won by an 807-vote margin over conservative Tom Camp, Congressman Ramspeck's former executive secretary endorsed by the white supremacist and former governor, Eugene Talmadge. She took her seat February 12, 1946. Mankin was an unsuccessful candidate in that year's Democratic Party primary election when she sought renomination. Although she won the popular vote in a landslide due to strong support from the Black vote, Georgia's county unit system—in effect for certain Congressional primaries as well as state-wide elections—denied her the nomination, as she won Fulton County's six county unit votes yet narrowly lost DeKalb County and its six county unit votes, as well as Rockdale County's two county unit votes. She was then an unsuccessful write-in candidate in the general election.
Mankin's term of office concluded January 3, 1947.

## Later life and death

She continued to live in Atlanta after her term of office ended, and she died there on July 25, 1956.
# Malcolm C. Tarver

Malcolm Connor Tarver (September 25, 1885 – March 5, 1960) was a U.S. Representative from Georgia.
Born in Rural Vale, Georgia, Tarver attended the public schools. He was graduated from the law department of Mercer University, Macon, Georgia, in 1904. He was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Dalton, Georgia. He served as member of the State house of representatives 1909-1912. He served in the State senate in 1913 and 1914. He served as judge of the superior courts, Cherokee Circuit, Georgia from 1917 to 1927.
Tarver was elected as a Democrat to the Seventieth and to the nine succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1927 – January 3, 1947). He was one of the managers appointed by the House of Representatives in 1933 to conduct the impeachment proceedings against Harold Louderback, judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1946. He resumed the practice of law. He died in Dalton, Georgia, March 5, 1960. He was interred in West Hill Cemetery.
# Benjamin D. Brown

Benjamin D. Brown (November 14, 1939 – February 1, 1999) was an American politician. He served as a Democratic member of the Georgia House of Representatives.

## Life and career

Brown was born in Macon County, Georgia. He attended South Fulton High School, Clark College and Howard University.
Brown served in the Georgia House of Representatives from 1966 to 1967 and again from 1969 to 1976.
Brown died on February 1, 1999, at the age of 59.
# B. Ed Johnson

Benjamin Edward Johnson (October 28, 1914 – June 8, 1983) was an American businessman, broadcaster and politician from the U.S. state of Georgia. He resided in Columbus in Muscogee County, where he was the first elected mayor of that city, from 1965-1968.

## Early years and education

Johnson was born in 1914 to Edward Burton and Pamelia Weldon Johnson. His father was also a prominent citizen of the city, serving as the city's Superintendent of Public Works in the 1930s. B. Ed attended public schools in Columbus and married Martha Louise Noble in 1939.

## Political career

In 1945, Johnson was elected to the Georgia State Senate's 24th district, to fill the unexpired term of the deceased H. Dixon Smith. At that time, he was the youngest state senator to ever hold that office from that district. He was named mayor pro tempore of Columbus in 1960, serving for one year. Previously, he had served as secretary and city commissioner of Columbus. He was then returned to the mayor's office in 1965, but this time by registered voters in the city of Columbus, becoming the first elected mayor of the city. At some time during his tenure, the Miss Georgia USA beauty pageant, which he helped lay the foundation for, came to Columbus. He was succeeded as mayor by J. R. Allen in 1969.

## Business background and civic involvement

Johnson worked at the exchange in Fort Benning, Georgia, along with oil and lumber companies, in 1951 as sales manager of the Columbus Broadcasting Company and around 1959 a manager of Westad, a distributor of electronics. He was voted as Columbus' outstanding citizen of the year in 1946.
Johnson was a member of community organizations, participating in the Better Business Bureau, Chamber of Commerce, Lion's Club, Roofers' Manufacturing Association, and Columbus Country Club, among many. A 1951 biography lauded his "ready smile and infectious friendliness" and described him as having "one of the largest contingents of friends ... in the community". He died in 1983 at the age of 68. At the time of his death, he was married to Harriette V. Murray.
# Hugh S. Jordan

Hugh S. Jordan (April 9, 1921 – December 30, 2016) was an American politician. He served as a Democratic member of the Georgia House of Representatives.

## Life and career

Jordan was born in DeKalb County, Georgia. He attended Modern School of Business, Memphis State College and the University of Georgia.
Jordan served in the Georgia House of Representatives from 1969 to 1976.
Jordan died on December 30, 2016, at the age of 95.
# Arthur Langford Jr.

Arthur E. Langford Jr. (October 3, 1949 - April 15, 1994) was an Atlanta, Georgia, city councilman and Georgia state senator (1984–1994). When he was a student as Morris Brown College, Langford worked against drugs and violence in poor neighborhoods, founding the United Youth Adult Conference. Langford was an ordained Baptist minister who served at West Hunter Street Baptist Church as associate minister and Rush Memorial Congregational Church as pastor.

## Memorials

In 1995, the Lakewood Freeway was renamed the Arthur Langford Jr. Memorial Parkway in honor of Langford. There is an Arthur Langford Park and a street, Arthur Langford Jr. Place in his old neighborhood, Joyland, in southeastern Atlanta. The United Youth Adult Conference II maintains the Arthur Langford Jr. Teen Leadership Institute.

## Family

Sarah-Elizabeth Langford is his daughter.
# Ed Botterell

Edward Botterell (24 January 1931 – 2 December 2024) was a Canadian sailor who competed in the 1964 Summer Olympics.

## Biography

In 1947, Botterell represented the Royal St. Lawrence Yacht Club for the right to represent Canada in the first Olympic games after World War 2. Botterell sailed the International 14 in the 1940s and 1950s, and then sailed Lightnings at an international level from the early 1950s.
Botterell died on 2 December 2024, at the age of 93.
# Wallace L. Jernigan

Wallace L. Jernigan (June 1925 – July 9, 2011) was an American politician. He served as a Democratic member of the Georgia House of Representatives. He also served as a member for the 5th district of the Georgia State Senate.

## Life and career

Jernigan was born in Wayne County, Georgia. He attended Homerville High School and Georgia Tech.
Jernigan was a funeral director and oil company agent.
In 1958, Jernigan was elected to represent the 5th district of the Georgia State Senate, serving until 1960. In the same year, he was elected to the Georgia House of Representatives, serving until 1962.
Jernigan died on July 9, 2011, at the age of 86.
# Paul B. Salter

Paul B. Salter (January 18, 1916 – December 31, 2004) was an American politician. He served as a Democratic member for the 17th district of the Georgia State Senate.

## Life and career

Salter was born in Pike County, Georgia. He attended R. E. Lee Institute and Atlanta Law School.
Salter served in the Georgia State Senate from 1973 to 1974, representing the 17th district.
Salter died on December 31, 2004, at the age of 88.
# James L. Conner

James L. Conner (June 20, 1927 – July 24, 2005) was an American politician. He served as a Democratic member of the Georgia House of Representatives.

## Life and career

Conner was born in Columbia County, Georgia. He attended Georgia Teachers College and the University of Georgia.
Conner served in the Georgia House of Representatives from 1959 to 1970.
Conner died on July 24, 2005, at the age of 78.
# Elmer W. Teague

Elmer W. Teague (October 28, 1923 – May 26, 2016) was an American politician. He served as a Democratic member of the Georgia House of Representatives.

## Life and career

Teague was born in Pickens County, Georgia. He attended Canton High School and Dawsonville High School.
Teague served in the Georgia House of Representatives from 1961 to 1964.
Teague died on May 26, 2016, at the age of 92.
# Goren (surname)

Goren is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Arthur A. Goren, scholar and professor of American Jewish history
* Charles Goren, American bridge player, writer, and advocate
* Lee Goren, Canadian hockey player
* Or Goren (born 1956), Israeli basketball player
* Ran Goren, Israeli fighter pilot and Major General of the IDF
* Shlomo Goren, former Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Israel
# W90 at the 2014 European Masters Athletics Championships

The nineteenth European Masters Athletics Championships were held in Izmir, Turkey, from August 22–31, 2014. The European Masters Athletics Championships serve the division of the sport of athletics for people over 35 years of age, referred to as masters athletics.

## Results
### Shot put

| Pos | Athlete | Country | Results |
| | Nora Kutti | Estonia | 5.17 |
| | Elfriede Fuchs | Austria | 3.61 |

### Discus throw

| Pos | Athlete | Country | Results |
| | Nora Kutti | Estonia | 13.45 |

### Hammer throw

| Pos | Athlete | Country | Results |
| | Nora Kutti | Estonia | 13.83 |

### Javelin throw

| Pos | Athlete | Country | Results |
| | Nora Kutti | Estonia | 12.60 |

### Weight throw

| Pos | Athlete | Country | Results |
| | Nora Kutti | Estonia | 6.75 |

### Throws pentathlon

| Pos | Athlete | Country | Results |
| | Nora Kutti | Estonia | 3843 |
# Cold Duck

Cold Duck is a sparkling wine made in the United States.

## Origin

The recipe was based on a German legend involving Prince Clemens Wenceslaus of Saxony ordering the mixing of champagne with unfinished bottles of wine. The drink, as it evolved in Germany, became standardized as one part wine from the Mosel region, one part wine from the Rheinhessen region, and one part champagne, seasoned with lemons and balm mint. The wine produced was given the name Kaltes Ende ("cold end" in German), until it was altered to the similar-sounding term Kalte Ente meaning "cold duck".
Modern Cold Duck was invented in 1937 by Harold Borgman, the owner of Pontchartrain Wine Cellars in Detroit, Michigan. He simultaneously poured champagne and sparkling burgundy into a hollow-stem wine glass.

## Other wines

* In the US, the Michigan winery Bronte Champagnes and Wine was the first to bottle Cold Duck in the 1960s and 1970s. Bronte was sold to Tabor Hill Winery in 1984.
* During the early 1970s, the South Australian company Orlando Wines produced a sparkling red wine labelled 'Cold Duck'. Between 1971 and 1974, there were a number of trademark registrations, including Cold Turkey, Chicken, Gander, and Stork.
* In the early 1970s, Glenvale Vineyards and Montana Vineyards in New Zealand each produced wine under the name 'Cold Duck'.
* Stellenbosch Farmers' Winery in South Africa now produces 'Fifth Avenue Cold Duck', also a sweet sparkling red.