# List of birds of Washington (state)

This list of birds of Washington includes species credibly documented in the U.S. state of Washington. Unless otherwise noted, the list is that of the Washington Bird Records Committee (WBRC) of the Washington Ornithological Society. As of November 2021, the list contained 522 species. Of them, 159 are considered accidental; 11 were introduced to North America or directly in Washington, and 13 have only sight records. Five species that have not been seen since 1971 have the year of the most recent sighting noted. Additional accidental species have been added from other sources.
This list is presented in the taxonomic sequence of the Check-list of North and Middle American Birds, 7th edition through the 62nd Supplement, published by the American Ornithological Society (AOS). Common and scientific names are also those of the Check-list, except that the common names of families are from the Clements taxonomy because the AOS list does not include them.
Unless otherwise noted, all species listed below are considered to occur regularly in Washington as permanent residents, summer or winter visitors, or migrants. The following codes are used to annotate some species:
* (A) Accidental - species which have "20 or fewer Washington records during the previous 10-year period" according to the WBRC. The WBRC requires a formal report for sightings of these species to be included in the official record.
* (S) Sight record - species whose records are supported only by written documentation, per the WBRC
* (I) Introduced - a species introduced to Washington by humans, either directly or indirectly

## Ducks, geese, and waterfowl

Order: Anseriformes Family: Anatidae
The family Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, bills which are flattened to a greater or lesser extent, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to special oils. Forty-eight species have been recorded in Washington.
* Fulvous whistling-duck, Dendrocygna bicolor (A)
* Emperor goose, Anser canagica
* Snow goose, Anser caerulescens
* Ross's goose, Anser rossii
* Pink-footed goose, Anser brachyrhynchus (A)
* Greater white-fronted goose, Anser albifrons
* Taiga bean-goose, Anser fabalis (A)
* Brant, Branta bernicla
* Cackling goose, Branta hutchinsii
* Canada goose, Branta canadensis
* Trumpeter swan, Cygnus buccinator
* Tundra swan, Cygnus columbianus
* Whooper swan, Cygnus cygnus (A)
* Wood duck, Aix sponsa
* Baikal teal, Sibirionetta formosa (A)
* Garganey, Spatula querquedula (A)
* Blue-winged teal, Spatula discors
* Cinnamon teal, Spatula cyanoptera
* Northern shoveler, Spatula clypeata
* Gadwall, Mareca strepera
* Falcated duck, Mareca falcata (A)
* Eurasian wigeon, Mareca penelope
* American wigeon, Mareca americana
* Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos
* Northern pintail, Anas acuta
* Green-winged teal, Anas crecca
* Canvasback, Aythya valisineria
* Redhead, Aythya americana
* Ring-necked duck, Aythya collaris
* Tufted duck, Aythya fuligula
* Greater scaup, Aythya marila
* Lesser scaup, Aythya affinis
* Steller's eider, Polysticta stelleri (A)
* King eider, Somateria spectabilis (A)
* Common eider, Somateria mollissima (A)
* Harlequin duck, Histrionicus histrionicus
* Surf scoter, Melanitta perspicillata
* White-winged scoter, Melanitta deglandi
* Black scoter, Melanitta americana
* Long-tailed duck, Clangula hyemalis
* Bufflehead, Bucephala albeola
* Common goldeneye, Bucephala clangula
* Barrow's goldeneye, Bucephala islandica
* Smew, Mergellus albellus (A)
* Hooded merganser, Lophodytes cucullatus
* Common merganser, Mergus merganser
* Red-breasted merganser, Mergus serrator
* Ruddy duck, Oxyura jamaicensis

## New World quail

Order: Galliformes Family: Odontophoridae
The New World quails are small, plump terrestrial birds only distantly related to the quails of the Old World, but named for their similar appearance and habits. Three species have been recorded in Washington.
* Mountain quail, Callipepla pictus
* Northern bobwhite, Colinus virginianus (I)
* California quail, Callipepla californica (I)

## Pheasants, grouse, and allies

Order: Galliformes Family: Phasianidae
Phasianidae consists of the pheasants and their allies. These are terrestrial species, variable in size but generally plump with broad relatively short wings. Many species are gamebirds or have been domesticated as a food source for humans. Eleven species have been recorded in Washington.
* Wild turkey, Meleagris gallopavo (I)
* Ruffed grouse, Bonasa umbellus
* Greater sage-grouse, Centrocercus urophasianus
* Spruce grouse, Canachites canadensis
* White-tailed ptarmigan, Lagopus leucurus
* Dusky grouse, Dendragapus obscurus
* Sooty grouse, Dendragapus fuliginosus
* Sharp-tailed grouse, Tympanuchus phasianellus
* Gray partridge, Perdix perdix (I)
* Ring-necked pheasant, Phasianus colchicus (I)
* Chukar, Alectoris chukar (I)

## Grebes

Order: Podicipediformes Family: Podicipedidae
Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land. Six species have been recorded in Washington.
* Pied-billed grebe, Podilymbus podiceps
* Horned grebe, Podiceps auritus
* Red-necked grebe, Podiceps grisegena
* Eared grebe, Podiceps nigricollis
* Western grebe, Aechmorphorus occidentalis
* Clark's grebe, Aechmorphorus clarkii

## Pigeons and doves

Order: Columbiformes Family: Columbidae
Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere. Six species have been recorded in Washington.
* Rock pigeon, Columba livia (I)
* Band-tailed pigeon, Patagioenas fasciata
* European turtle-dove, Streptopelia turtur (A)
* Eurasian collared-dove, Streptopelia decaocto (I)
* White-winged dove, Zenaida asiatica (A)
* Mourning dove, Zenaida macroura

## Cuckoos

Order: Cuculiformes Family: Cuculidae
The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners, and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails, and strong legs. Two species have been recorded in Washington.
* Yellow-billed cuckoo, Coccyzus americanus (A)
* Black-billed cuckoo, Coccyzus erythropthalmus (A)

## Nightjars and allies

Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Caprimulgidae
Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs, and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is cryptically colored to resemble bark or leaves. Two species have been recorded in Washington.
* Common nighthawk, Chordeiles minor
* Common poorwill, Phalaenoptilus nuttallii

## Swifts

Order: Apodiformes Family: Apodidae
The swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have very long, swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang. Three species have been recorded in Washington.
* Black swift, Cypseloides niger
* Vaux's swift, Chaetura vauxi
* White-throated swift, Aeronautes saxatalis

## Hummingbirds

Order: Apodiformes Family: Trochilidae
Hummingbirds are small birds capable of hovering in mid-air due to the rapid flapping of their wings. They are the only birds that can fly backwards. Nine species have been recorded in Washington.
* Ruby-throated hummingbird, Archilochus colubris (A)
* Black-chinned hummingbird, Archilochus alexandri
* Anna's hummingbird, Calypte anna
* Costa's hummingbird, Calypte costae (A)
* Calliope hummingbird, Selasphorus calliope
* Rufous hummingbird, Selasphorus rufus
* Allen's hummingbird, Selasphorus sasin (A)
* Broad-tailed hummingbird, Selasphorus platycercus (A)
* Broad-billed hummingbird, Cynanthus latirostris (A)

## Rails, gallinules, and coots

Order: Gruiformes Family: Rallidae
Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots, and gallinules. The most typical family members occupy dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps, or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and tend to be weak fliers. Five species have been recorded in Washington.
* Virginia rail, Rallus limicola
* Sora, Porzana carolina
* American coot, Fulica americana
* Purple gallinule, Porphyrio martinicus (A)
* Yellow rail, Coturnicops noveboracensis (A)

## Cranes

Order: Gruiformes Family: Gruidae
Cranes are large, long-legged, and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances". Two species have been recorded in Washington.
* Sandhill crane, Antigone canadensis
* Common crane, Grus grus (A)

## Stilts and avocets

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Recurvirostridae
Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills. Two species have been recorded in Washington.
* Black-necked stilt, Himantopus mexicanus
* American avocet, Recurvirostra americana

## Oystercatchers

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Haematopodidae
The oystercatchers are large, obvious, and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs. One species has been recorded in Washington.
* Black oystercatcher, Haematopus bachmani

## Plovers and lapwings

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Charadriidae
The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels, and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short thick necks, and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water. Twelve species have been recorded in Washington.
* Black-bellied plover, Pluvialis squatarola
* American golden-plover, Pluvialis dominica
* Pacific golden-plover, Pluvialis fulva
* Eurasian dotterel, Charadrius morinellus (A)
* Killdeer, Charadrius vociferus
* Common ringed plover, Charadrius hiaticula (A) (S)
* Semipalmated plover, Charadrius semipalmatus
* Piping plover, Charadrius melodus (A)
* Lesser sand-plover, Charadrius mongolus (A)
* Wilson's plover, Charadrius wilsonia (A)
* Snowy plover, Charadrius nivosus
* Mountain plover, Charadrius montanus (A)

## Sandpipers and allies

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Scolopacidae
Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers, and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Different lengths of legs and bills enable multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food. Forty-four species have been recorded in Washington.
* Upland sandpiper, Bartramia longicauda (A)
* Bristle-thighed curlew, Numenius tahitiensis (A)
* Whimbrel, Numenius phaeopus
* Long-billed curlew, Numenius americanus
* Bar-tailed godwit, Limosa lapponica
* Hudsonian godwit, Limosa haemastica
* Marbled godwit, Limosa fedoa
* Ruddy turnstone, Arenaria interpres
* Black turnstone, Arenaria melanocephala
* Red knot, Calidris canutus
* Surfbird, Calidris virgata
* Ruff, Calidris pugnax
* Sharp-tailed sandpiper, Calidris acuminata
* Stilt sandpiper, Calidris himantopus
* Curlew sandpiper, Calidris ferruginea (A)
* Temminck's stint, Calidris temminckii (A)
* Red-necked stint, Calidris ruficollis (A)
* Sanderling, Calidris alba
* Dunlin, Calidris alpina
* Rock sandpiper, Calidris ptilocnemis
* Baird's sandpiper, Calidris bairdii
* Little stint, Calidris minuta (A)
* Least sandpiper, Calidris minutilla
* White-rumped sandpiper, Calidris fuscicollis (A)
* Buff-breasted sandpiper, Calidris subruficollis
* Pectoral sandpiper, Calidris melanotos
* Semipalmated sandpiper, Calidris pusilla
* Western sandpiper, Calidris mauri
* Short-billed dowitcher, Limnodromus griseus
* Long-billed dowitcher, Limnodromus scolopaceus
* Jack snipe, Lymnocryptes minimus (A) (S)
* Wilson's snipe, Gallinago delicata
* Spotted sandpiper, Actitis macularia
* Solitary sandpiper, Tringa solitaria
* Gray-tailed tattler, Tringa brevipes (A)
* Wandering tattler, Tringa incana
* Lesser yellowlegs, Tringa flavipes
* Willet, Tringa semipalmata
* Spotted redshank, Tringa erythropus (A) (S)
* Greater yellowlegs, Tringa melanoleuca
* Wood sandpiper, Tringa glareola (A)
* Wilson's phalarope, Phalaropus tricolor
* Red-necked phalarope, Phalaropus lobatus
* Red phalarope, Phalaropus fulicarius

## Skuas and jaegers

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Stercorariidae
Skuas are in general medium to large birds, typically with gray or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They have longish bills with hooked tips and webbed feet with sharp claws. They look like large dark gulls, but have a fleshy cere above the upper mandible. They are strong, acrobatic fliers. Four species have been recorded in Washington.
* South polar skua, Stercorarius maccormicki
* Pomarine jaeger, Stercorarius pomarinus
* Parasitic jaeger, Stercorarius parasiticus
* Long-tailed jaeger, Stercorarius longicaudus

## Auks, murres, and puffins

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Alcidae
The family Alcidae includes auks, murres, and puffins. These are short winged birds that live on the open sea and normally only come ashore for breeding. Sixteen species have been recorded in Washington.
* Common murre, Uria aalge
* Thick-billed murre, Uria lomvia (A)
* Pigeon guillemot, Cepphus columba
* Long-billed murrelet, Brachyramphus perdix (A)
* Marbled murrelet, Brachyramphus marmoratus
* Kittlitz's murrelet, Brachyramphus brevirostris (A)
* Scripps's murrelet, Synthliboramphus scrippsi
* Guadalupe murrelet, Synthliboramphus hyoleucus (A)
* Ancient murrelet, Synthliboarmphus antiquus
* Cassin's auklet, Ptychoramphus aleuticus
* Parakeet auklet, Aethia psittacula
* Least auklet, Aethia pusilla (A)
* Crested auklet, Aethia cristatella (A)
* Rhinoceros auklet, Cerorhinca monocerata
* Horned puffin, Fratercula corniculata
* Tufted puffin, Fratercula cirrhata

## Gulls, terns, and skimmers

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Laridae
Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds and includes gulls, terns, kittiwakes, and skimmers. They are typically gray or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Thirty-one species have been recorded in Washington.
* Swallow-tailed gull, Creagrus furcatus (A)
* Black-legged kittiwake, Rissa tridactyla
* Red-legged kittiwake, Rissa brevirostris (A)
* Ivory gull, Pagophila eburnea (A)
* Sabine's gull, Xema sabini
* Bonaparte's gull, Chroicocephalus philadelphia
* Black-headed gull, Chroicocephalus ridibundus (A)
* Little gull, Hydrocoloeus minutus (A)
* Ross's gull, Rhodostethia rosea (A)
* Laughing gull, Leucophaeus atricilla (A)
* Franklin's gull, Leucophaeus pipixcan
* Black-tailed gull, Larus crassirostris (A)
* Heermann's gull, Larus heermanni
* Short-billed gull, Larus brachyrhynchus
* Ring-billed gull, Larus delawarensis
* Western gull, Larus occidentalis
* California gull, Larus californicus
* Herring gull, Larus argentatus
* Iceland gull, Larus glaucoides
* Lesser black-backed gull, Larus fuscus
* Slaty-backed gull, Larus schistisagus (A)
* Glaucous-winged gull, Larus glaucescens
* Glaucous gull, Larus hyperboreus
* Great black-backed gull, Larus marinus (A)
* Least tern, Sternula antillarum (A)
* Caspian tern, Hydroprogne caspia
* Black tern, Chlidonias niger
* Common tern, Sterna hirundo
* Arctic tern, Sterna paradisaea
* Forster's tern, Sterna forsteri
* Elegant tern, Thalasseus elegans

## Tropicbirds

Order: Phaethontiformes Family: Phaethontidae
Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their long wings have black markings, as does the head. One species has been recorded in Washington.
* Red-billed tropicbird, Phaethon aethereus (A)

## Loons

Order: Gaviiformes Family: Gaviidae
Loons are aquatic birds the size of a large duck, to which they are unrelated. Their plumage is largely gray or black, and they have spear-shaped bills. Loons swim well and fly adequately, but are almost hopeless on land, because their legs are placed towards the rear of the body. Five species have been recorded in Washington.
* Red-throated loon, Gavia stellata
* Arctic loon, Gavia arctica (A)
* Pacific loon, Gavia pacifica
* Common loon, Gavia immer
* Yellow-billed loon, Gavia adamsii

## Albatrosses

Order: Procellariiformes Family: Diomedeidae
The albatrosses are amongst the largest of flying birds, and the great albatrosses from the genus Diomedea have the largest wingspans of any extant birds. Four species have been recorded in Washington.
* White-capped albatross, Thalassarche cauta (A)
* Laysan albatross, Phoebastria immutabilis
* Black-footed albatross, Phoebastria nigripes
* Short-tailed albatross, Phoebastria albatrus

## Southern storm-petrels

Order: Procellariiformes Family: Oceanitidae
The storm-petrels are the smallest seabirds, relatives of the petrels, feeding on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like. Until 2018, this family's three species were included with the other storm-petrels in family Hydrobatidae.
* Wilson's storm-petrel, Oceanites oceanicus (A)

## Northern storm-petrels

Order: Procellariiformes Family: Hydrobatidae
Though the members of this family are similar in many respects to the southern storm-petrels, including their general appearance and habits, there are enough genetic differences to warrant their placement in a separate family.
* Fork-tailed storm-petrel, Hydrobates furcatus
* Leach's storm-petrel, Hydrobates leucorhous
* Ashy storm-petrel, Hydrobates homochroa (A)

## Shearwaters and petrels

Order: Procellariiformes Family: Procellariidae
The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterized by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary. Fifteen species have been recorded in Washington.
* Northern giant-petrel, Macronectes halli (A)
* Northern fulmar, Fulmarus glacialis
* Providence petrel, Pterodroma solandri (A)
* Murphy's petrel, Pterodroma ultima
* Mottled petrel, Pterodroma inexpectata
* Hawaiian petrel, Pterodroma sandwichensis (A)
* Cook's petrel, Pterodroma cookii (A)
* Wedge-tailed shearwater, Ardenna pacificus (A)
* Buller's shearwater, Ardenna bulleri
* Short-tailed shearwater, Ardenna tenuirostris
* Sooty shearwater, Ardenna griseus
* Great shearwater, Ardenna gravis (A)
* Pink-footed shearwater, Ardenna creatopus
* Flesh-footed shearwater, Ardenna carneipes
* Manx shearwater, Puffinus puffinus

## Frigatebirds

Order: Suliformes Family: Fregatidae
Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black, or black-and-white, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have colored inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week. One species has been recorded in Washington.
* Magnificent frigatebird, Fregata magnificens (A)

## Boobies and gannets

Order: Suliformes Family: Sulidae
The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium-large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish. Four species have been recorded in Washington.
* Nazca booby, Sula granti (A)
* Blue-footed booby, Sula nebouxii (A)
* Brown booby, Sula leucogaster
* Red-footed booby, Sula sula (A)

## Cormorants and shags

Order: Suliformes Family: Phalacrocoracidae
Cormorants are medium-to-large aquatic birds, usually with mainly dark plumage and areas of colored skin on the face. The bill is long, thin, and sharply hooked. Their feet are four-toed and webbed. Three species have been recorded in Washington.
* Brandt's cormorant, Urile penicillatus
* Pelagic cormorant, Urile pelagicus
* Double-crested cormorant, Nannopterum auritum

## Pelicans

Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Pelecanidae
Pelicans are very large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. Like other birds in the order Pelecaniformes, they have four webbed toes. Two species have been recorded in Washington.
* American white pelican, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos
* Brown pelican, Pelecanus occidentalis

## Herons, egrets, and bitterns

Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Ardeidae
The family Ardeidae contains the herons, egrets, and bitterns. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more secretive. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises, and spoonbills. Nine species have been recorded in Washington.
* American bittern, Botaurus lentiginosus
* Great blue heron, Ardea herodias
* Great egret, Ardea alba
* Snowy egret, Egretta thula (A)
* Little blue heron, Egretta caerulea (A)
* Cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis (A)
* Green heron, Butorides virescens
* Black-crowned night-heron, Nycticorax nycticorax
* Yellow-crowned night-heron, Nyctanassa violacea (A)

## Ibises and spoonbills

Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Threskiornithidae
The family Threskiornithidae includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings. Their bodies tend to be elongated, the neck more so, with rather long legs. The bill is also long, decurved in the case of the ibises, straight and distinctively flattened in the spoonbills. Three species have been recorded in Washington.
* White ibis, Eudocimus albus (A)
* Glossy ibis, Plegadis falcinellus (A)
* White-faced ibis, Plegadis chihi

## New World vultures

Order: Cathartiformes Family: Cathartidae
The New World vultures are not closely related to Old World vultures, but superficially resemble them because of convergent evolution. Like the Old World vultures, they are scavengers; however, unlike Old World vultures, which find carcasses by sight, New World vultures have a good sense of smell with which they locate carcasses. Two species have been recorded in Washington.
* Turkey vulture, Cathartes aura
* California condor, Gymnogyps californianus (A) (S) extirpated

## Osprey

Order: Accipitriformes Family: Pandionidae
Pandionidae is a monotypic family of fish-eating birds of prey. Its single species possesses a very large and powerful hooked beak, strong legs, strong talons, and keen eyesight.
* Osprey, Pandion haliaetus

## Hawks, eagles, and kites

Order: Accipitriformes Family: Accipitridae
Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers, and Old World vultures. These birds have very large powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight. Fifteen species have been recorded in Washington.
* White-tailed kite, Elanus leucurus (A)
* Golden eagle, Aquila chrysaetos
* Northern harrier, Circus hudsonius
* Sharp-shinned hawk, Accipiter striatus
* Cooper's hawk, Accipiter cooperii
* American goshawk, Accipiter atricapillus
* Bald eagle, Haliaeetus leucocephalus
* Red-shouldered hawk, Buteo lineatus
* Broad-winged hawk, Buteo platypterus
* Swainson's hawk, Buteo swainsoni
* Zone-tailed hawk, Buteo albonotatus (A)
* Red-tailed hawk, Buteo jamaicensis
* Rough-legged hawk, Buteo lagopus
* Ferruginous hawk, Buteo regalis

## Barn-owls

Order: Strigiformes Family: Tytonidae
Barn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons. One species has been recorded in Washington.
* American barn owl, Tyto furcata

## Owls

Order: Strigiformes Family: Strigidae
Typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk. Fourteen species have been recorded in Washington.
* Flammulated owl, Psiloscops flammeolus
* Western screech-owl, Megascops kennicottii
* Great horned owl, Bubo virginianus
* Snowy owl, Bubo scandiacus
* Northern hawk owl, Surnia ulula
* Northern pygmy-owl, Glaucidium gnoma
* Burrowing owl, Athene cunicularia
* Spotted owl, Strix occidentalis
* Barred owl, Strix varia
* Great gray owl, Strix nebulosa
* Long-eared owl, Asio otus
* Short-eared owl, Asio flammeus
* Boreal owl, Aegolius funereus
* Northern saw-whet owl, Aegolius acadicus

## Kingfishers

Order: Coraciiformes Family: Alcedinidae
Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails. Two species have been recorded in Washington.
* Ringed kingfisher, Megaceryle torquata (A)
* Belted kingfisher, Megaceryle alcyon

## Woodpeckers

Order: Piciformes Family: Picidae
Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails, and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks. Thirteen species have been recorded in Washington.
* Lewis's woodpecker, Melanerpes lewis
* Acorn woodpecker, Melanerpes formicivorus
* Williamson's sapsucker, Sphyrapicus thyroideus
* Yellow-bellied sapsucker, Sphyrapicus varius (A)
* Red-naped sapsucker, Sphyrapicus nuchalis
* Red-breasted sapsucker, Sphyrapicus ruber
* American three-toed woodpecker, Picoides dorsalis
* Black-backed woodpecker, Picoides arcticus
* Downy woodpecker, Dryobates pubescens
* Hairy woodpecker, Dryobates villosus
* White-headed woodpecker, Dryobates albolarvatus
* Northern flicker, Colaptes auratus
* Pileated woodpecker, Dryocopus pileatus

## Falcons and caracaras

Order: Falconiformes Family: Falconidae
Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey, notably the falcons and caracaras. They differ from hawks, eagles, and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons. Eight species have been recorded in Washington.
* Crested caracara, Caracara plancus (A)
* Eurasian kestrel, Falco tinnunculus (A)
* American kestrel, Falco sparverius
* Merlin, Falco columbarius
* Eurasian hobby, Falco subbuteo (A)
* Gyrfalcon, Falco rusticolus
* Peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus
* Prairie falcon, Falco mexicanus

## Tyrant flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Tyrannidae
Tyrant flycatchers are Passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust and have stronger bills. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, are rather plain. As the name implies, most are insectivorous. Twenty-four species have been recorded in Washington.
* Dusky-capped flycatcher, Myiarchus tuberculifer (A)
* Ash-throated flycatcher, Myiarchus cinerascens
* Variegated flycatcher, Empidonomus varius (A)
* Tropical kingbird, Tyrannus melancholicus
* Western kingbird, Tyrannus verticalis
* Eastern kingbird, Tyrannus tyrannus
* Scissor-tailed flycatcher, Tyrannus forficatus (A)
* Fork-tailed flycatcher, Tyrannus savana (A)
* Olive-sided flycatcher, Contopus cooperi
* Greater pewee, Contopus pertinax (A) (S)
* Western wood-pewee, Contopus sordidulus
* Eastern wood-pewee, Contopus virens (A)
* Yellow-bellied flycatcher, Empidonax flaviventris (A)
* Alder flycatcher, Empidonax alnorum (A)
* Willow flycatcher, Empidonax traillii
* Least flycatcher, Empidonax minimus
* Hammond's flycatcher, Empidonax hammondii
* Gray flycatcher, Empidonax wrightii
* Dusky flycatcher, Empidonax oberholseri
* Western flycatcher, Empidonax difficilis
* Black phoebe, Sayornis nigricans
* Eastern phoebe, Sayornis phoebe (A)
* Say's phoebe, Sayornis saya
* Vermilion flycatcher, Pyrocephalus rubinus (A)

## Vireos, shrike-babblers, and erpornis

Order: Passeriformes Family: Vireonidae
The vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerine birds mostly restricted to the New World, though a few other members of the family occur in Asia. They are typically greenish in color and resemble wood warblers apart from their heavier bills. Nine species have been recorded in Washington.
* White-eyed vireo, Vireo griseus (A) (S)
* Bell's vireo, Vireo bellii (A)
* Hutton's vireo, Vireo huttoni
* Yellow-throated vireo, Vireo flavifrons (A)
* Cassin's vireo, Vireo cassinii
* Blue-headed vireo, Vireo solitarius (A)
* Philadelphia vireo, Vireo philadelphicus (A) (S)
* Warbling vireo, Vireo gilvus
* Red-eyed vireo, Vireo olivaceus

## Shrikes

Order: Passeriformes Family: Laniidae
Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A shrike's beak is hooked, like that of a typical bird of prey. Two species have been recorded in Washington.
* Loggerhead shrike, Lanius ludovicianus
* Northern shrike, Lanius borealis

## Crows, jays, and magpies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Corvidae
The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers, and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence. Ten species have been recorded in Washington.
* Canada jay, Perisoreus canadensis
* Pinyon jay, Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus (A)
* Steller's jay, Cyanocitta stelleri
* Blue jay, Cyanocitta cristata
* California scrub-jay, Aphelocoma californica
* Woodhouse's scrub-jay, Aphelocoma woodhouseii (A)
* Clark's nutcracker, Nucifraga columbiana
* Black-billed magpie, Pica hudsonia
* American crow, Corvus brachyrhynchos
* Common raven, Corvus corax

## Tits, chickadees, and titmice

Order: Passeriformes Family: Paridae
The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects. Four species have been recorded in Washington.
* Black-capped chickadee, Poecile atricapilla
* Mountain chickadee, Poecile gambeli
* Chestnut-backed chickadee, Poecile rufescens
* Boreal chickadee, Poecile hudsonica

## Larks

Order: Passeriformes Family: Alaudidae
Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds. Two species have been recorded in Washington.
* Eurasian skylark, Alauda arvensis (I) (A)
* Horned lark, Eremophila alpestris

## Swallows

Order: Passeriformes Family: Hirundinidae
The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings, and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base. Seven species have been recorded in Washington.
* Bank swallow, Riparia riparia
* Tree swallow, Tachycineta bicolor
* Violet-green swallow, Tachycineta thalassina
* Northern rough-winged swallow, Stelgidopteryx serripennis
* Purple martin, Progne subis
* Barn swallow, Hirundo rustica
* Cliff swallow, Petrochelidon pyrrhonota

## Long-tailed tits

Order: Passeriformes Family: Aegithalidae
Long-tailed tits are a group of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They make woven bag nests in trees. Most eat a mixed diet which includes insects. One species has been recorded in Washington.
* Bushtit, Psaltriparus minimus

## Kinglets

Order: Passeriformes Family: Regulidae
The kinglets are a small family of birds which resemble the titmice. They are very small insectivorous birds. The adults have colored crowns, giving rise to their names. Two species have been recorded in Washington.
* Ruby-crowned kinglet, Corthylio calendula
* Golden-crowned kinglet, Regulus satrapa

## Waxwings

Order: Passeriformes Family: Bombycillidae
The waxwings are a group of passerine birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter. Two species have been recorded in Washington.
* Bohemian waxwing, Bombycilla garrulus
* Cedar waxwing, Bombycilla cedrorum

## Silky-flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Ptiliogonatidae
The silky-flycatchers are a small family of passerine birds which occur mainly in Central America, although the range of one species extends to central California. They are related to waxwings, and like that group have soft silky plumage, usually gray or pale-yellow. They have small crests. One species has been recorded in Washington.
* Phainopepla, Phainopepla nitens (A)

## Nuthatches

Order: Passeriformes Family: Sittidae
Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails, and powerful bills and feet. Three species have been recorded in Washington.
* Red-breasted nuthatch, Sitta canadensis
* White-breasted nuthatch, Sitta carolinensis
* Pygmy nuthatch, Sitta pygmaea

## Treecreepers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Certhiidae
Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees. One species has been recorded in Washington.
* Brown creeper, Certhia americana

## Gnatcatchers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Polioptilidae
These dainty birds resemble Old World warblers in their structure and habits, moving restlessly through the foliage seeking insects. The gnatcatchers are mainly soft bluish gray in color and have the typical insectivore's long sharp bill. Many species have distinctive black head patterns (especially males) and long, regularly cocked, black-and-white tails. One species has been recorded in Washington.
* Blue-gray gnatcatcher, Polioptila caerulea

## Wrens

Order: Passeriformes Family: Troglodytidae
Wrens are small and inconspicuous birds, except for their loud songs. They have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous. Seven species have been recorded in Washington.
* Rock wren, Salpinctes obsoletus
* Canyon wren, Catherpes mexicanus
* House wren, Troglodytes aedon
* Pacific wren, Troglodytes pacificus
* Winter wren, Troglodytes hiemalis (A)
* Marsh wren, Cistothorus palustris
* Bewick's wren, Thryomanes bewickii

## Mockingbirds and thrashers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Mimidae
The mimids are a family of passerine birds which includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers, and the New World catbirds. These birds are notable for their vocalization, especially their remarkable ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds heard outdoors. The species tend towards dull grays and browns in their appearance. Four species have been recorded in Washington.
* Gray catbird, Dumetella carolinensis
* Brown thrasher, Toxostoma rufum (A)
* Sage thrasher, Oreoscoptes montanus
* Northern mockingbird, Mimus polyglottos

## Starlings

Order: Passeriformes Family: Sturnidae
Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds with strong feet. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country, and they eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen. One species has been recorded in Washington.
* European starling, Sturnus vulgaris (I)

## Dippers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Cinclidae
Dippers are small, stout, birds that feed in cold, fast moving streams. One species has been recorded in Washington.
* American dipper, Cinclus mexicanus

## Thrushes and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Turdidae
The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly but not exclusively in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs. Eleven species have been recorded in Washington.
* Western bluebird, Sialia mexicana
* Mountain bluebird, Sialia currucoides
* Townsend's solitaire, Myadestes townsendi
* Veery, Catharus fuscescens
* Swainson's thrush, Catharus ustulatus
* Hermit thrush, Catharus guttatus
* Dusky thrush, Turdus eunomus (A) (S)
* Redwing, Turdus iliacus (A)
* Song thrush, Turdys philomelos (A)
* American robin, Turdus migratorius
* Varied thrush, Ixoreus naevius

## Old World flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Muscicapidae
The Old World flycatchers form a large family of small passerine birds. These are mainly small arboreal insectivores, many of which, as the name implies, take their prey on the wing. Two species have been recorded in Washington.
* Red-flanked bluetail, Tarsiger cyanurus (A)
* Northern wheatear, Oenanthe oenanthe (A)

## Accentors

Order: Passeriformes Family: Prunellidae
The accentors are small, fairly drab birds with thin sharp bills. They are superficially similar to sparrows but are not closely related. They are endemic to the Palearctic and only appear in North America as a vagrant. One species has been recorded in Washington.
* Siberian accentor, Prunella montanella (A)

## Old World sparrows

Order: Passeriformes Family: Passeridae
Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small plump brownish or grayish birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects. One species has been recorded in Washington.
* House sparrow, Passer domesticus (I)

## Wagtails and pipits

Order: Passeriformes Family: Motacillidae
Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws, and pipits. They are slender ground-feeding insectivores of open country. Five species have been recorded in Washington.
* Eastern yellow wagtail, Motacilla tschutschensis (A)
* Gray wagtail, Motacilla cinerea (A)
* White wagtail, Motacilla alba (A)
* Red-throated pipit, Anthus cervinus (A) (S)
* American pipit, Anthus rubescens

## Finches, euphonias, and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Fringillidae
Finches are seed-eating passerine birds that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well. Fifteen species have been recorded in Washington.
* Brambling, Fringilla montifringilla (A)
* Evening grosbeak, Coccothraustes vespertinus
* Pine grosbeak, Pinicola enucleator
* Gray-crowned rosy-finch, Leucosticte tephrocotis
* House finch, Haemorhous mexicanus
* Purple finch, Haemorhous purpureus
* Cassin's finch, Haemorhous cassinii
* Common redpoll, Acanthis flammea
* Hoary redpoll, Acanthis hornemanni (A)
* Red crossbill, Loxia curvirostra
* White-winged crossbill, Loxia leucoptera
* Pine siskin, Spinus pinus
* Lesser goldfinch, Spinus psaltria
* Lawrence's goldfinch, Spinus lawrencei (A)
* American goldfinch, Spinus tristis

## Longspurs and snow buntings

Order: Passeriformes Family: Calcariidae
The Calcariidae are a group of passerine birds that had been traditionally grouped with the New World sparrows, but differ in a number of respects and are usually found in open grassy areas. Six species have been recorded in Washington.
* Lapland longspur, Calcarius lapponicus
* Chestnut-collared longspur, Calcarius ornatus (A)
* Smith's longspur, Calcarius pictus (A)
* Thick-billed longspur, Rhyncophanes mccownii (A) (S)
* Snow bunting, Plectrophenax nivalis
* McKay's bunting, Plectrophenax hyperboreus (A)

## Old World buntings

Order: Passeriformes Family: Emberizidae
Emberizidae is a family of passerine birds containing a single genus. Until 2017, the New World sparrows (Passerellidae) were also considered part of this family. Two species have been recorded in Washington.
* Little bunting, Emberiza pusilla (A)
* Rustic bunting, Emberiza rustica (A)

## New World sparrows

Order: Passeriformes Family: Passerellidae
Until 2017, these species were considered part of the family Emberizidae. Most of the species are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many of these have distinctive head patterns. Twenty-six species have been recorded in Washington.
* Cassin's sparrow, Peucaea cassinii (A)
* Grasshopper sparrow, Ammodramus savannarum
* Black-throated sparrow, Amphispiza bilineata
* Lark sparrow, Chondestes grammacus
* Lark bunting, Calamospiza melanocorys (A)
* Chipping sparrow, Spizella passerina
* Clay-colored sparrow, Spizella pallida
* Field sparrow, Spizella pusilla (A)
* Brewer's sparrow, Spizella breweri
* Fox sparrow, Passerella iliaca
* American tree sparrow, Spizelloides arborea
* Dark-eyed junco, Junco hyemalis
* White-crowned sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys
* Golden-crowned sparrow, Zonotrichia atricapilla
* Harris's sparrow, Zonotrichia querula
* White-throated sparrow, Zonotrichia albicollis
* Sagebrush sparrow, Artemisiospiza nevadensis
* Vesper sparrow, Pooecetes gramineus
* LeConte's sparrow, Ammospiza leconteii (A)
* Nelson's sparrow, Ammospiza nelsoni (A) (S)
* Savannah sparrow, Passerculus sandwichensis
* Song sparrow, Melospiza melodia
* Lincoln's sparrow, Melospiza lincolnii
* Swamp sparrow, Melospiza georgiana
* Green-tailed towhee, Pipilo chlorurus
* Spotted towhee, Pipilo maculatus

## Yellow-breasted chat

Order: Passeriformes Family: Icteriidae
This species was historically placed in the wood-warblers (Parulidae) but nonetheless most authorities were unsure if it belonged there. It was placed in its own family in 2017.
* Yellow-breasted chat, Icteria virens

## Troupials and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Icteridae
The icterids are a group of small to medium-sized, often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World and include the grackles, New World blackbirds, and New World orioles. Most species have black as a predominant plumage color, often enlivened by yellow, orange, or red. Sixteen species have been recorded in Washington.
* Yellow-headed blackbird, Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus
* Bobolink, Dolichonyx oryzivorus
* Eastern meadowlark, Sturnella magna (A)
* Western meadowlark, Sturnella neglecta
* Orchard oriole, Icterus spurius (A)
* Hooded oriole, Icterus cucullatus (A)
* Bullock's oriole, Icterus bullockii
* Baltimore oriole, Icterus galbula (A)
* Scott's oriole, Icterus parisorum (A)
* Red-winged blackbird, Agelaius phoeniceus
* Tricolored blackbird, Agelaius tricolor
* Brown-headed cowbird, Molothrus ater
* Rusty blackbird, Euphagus carolinus
* Brewer's blackbird, Euphagus cyanocephalus
* Common grackle, Quiscalus quiscula (A)
* Great-tailed grackle, Quiscalus mexicanus (A)

## New World warblers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Parulidae
The wood-warblers are a group of small often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some like the ovenbird and the two waterthrushes, are more terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores. Thirty-six species have been recorded in Washington.
* Ovenbird, Seiurus aurocapilla (A)
* Northern waterthrush, Parkesia noveboracensis
* Golden-winged warbler, Vermivora chrysoptera (A)
* Blue-winged warbler, Vermivora cyanoptera (A)
* Black-and-white warbler, Mniotilta varia
* Prothonotary warbler, Protonotaria citrea (A)
* Tennessee warbler, Leiothlypis peregrina
* Orange-crowned warbler, Leiothlypis celata
* Lucy's warbler, Leiothlypis luciae (A)
* Nashville warbler, Leiothlypis ruficapilla
* MacGillivray's warbler, Geothlypis tolmiei
* Mourning warbler, Geothlypis philadelphia (A) (S)
* Kentucky warbler, Geothlypis formosa (A) (S)
* Common yellowthroat, Geothlypis trichas
* Hooded warbler, Setophaga citrina (A)
* American redstart, Setophaga ruticilla
* Cape May warbler, Setophaga tigrina (A)
* Northern parula, Setophaga americana (A)
* Magnolia warbler, Setophaga magnolia (A)
* Bay-breasted warbler, Setophaga castanea (A)
* Blackburnian warbler, Setophaga fusca (A)
* Yellow warbler, Setophaga petechia
* Chestnut-sided warbler, Setophaga pensylvanica
* Blackpoll warbler, Setophaga striata (A)
* Black-throated blue warbler, Setophaga caerulescens (A)
* Palm warbler, Setophaga palmarum
* Yellow-rumped warbler, Setophaga coronata
* Yellow-throated warbler, Setophaga dominica (A)
* Prairie warbler, Setophaga discolor (A)
* Black-throated gray warbler, Setophaga nigrescens
* Townsend's warbler, Setophaga townsendi
* Hermit warbler, Setophaga occidentalis
* Black-throated green warbler, Setophaga virens (A)
* Canada warbler, Cardellina canadensis (A)
* Wilson's warbler, Cardellina pusilla
* Painted redstart, Myioborus pictus (A)

## Cardinals and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Cardinalidae
The cardinals are a family of robust seed-eating birds with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinct plumages. Ten species have been recorded in Washington.
* Summer tanager, Piranga rubra (A)
* Scarlet tanager, Piranga olivacea (A)
* Western tanager, Piranga ludoviciana
* Rose-breasted grosbeak, Pheucticus ludovicianus
* Black-headed grosbeak, Pheucticus melanocephalus
* Blue grosbeak, Passerina caerulea (A)
* Lazuli bunting, Passerina amoena
* Indigo bunting, Passerina cyanea (A)
* Painted bunting, Passerina ciris (A)
* Dickcissel, Spiza americana (A)