OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Glenni W. Scofield

Glenni William Scofield (March 11, 1817 – August 30, 1891) was a United States representative from Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania State Representative, Pennsylvania State Senator, Register of the Treasury and a judge of the Court of Claims.

## Education and career

Born on March 11, 1817, in Dewittville, Chautauqua County, New York, Scofield attended the common schools and learned the printing trade. He returned to classical study and graduated from Hamilton College in 1840 and read law with Carlton Brandaga Curtis in Warren, Pennsylvania in 1842, briefly engaging in teaching while studying law. He entered private practice in Warren from 1842 to 1846. He was district attorney for Warren County, Pennsylvania from 1846 to 1848. He was a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1849 to 1851. He resumed private practice in Warren circa 1851 to circa 1857. He changed his partisan affiliation from anti-slavery Democratic to Republican in 1856. He served in the Pennsylvania State Senate for the 19th district from 1857 to 1858 and for the 11th district from 1859 to 1860. He was President Judge of the Pennsylvania Court of Common Pleas for the Eighteenth Judicial District from 1861 to 1863.

## Congressional service

Scofield was elected from Pennsylvania's 19th congressional district and later Pennsylvania's at-large congressional district as a Republican to the United States House of Representatives of the 38th United States Congress and to the five succeeding Congresses, serving from March 4, 1863, to March 3, 1875. He served as Chairman of the United States House Committee on Revisal and Unfinished Business for the 39th United States Congress and Chairman of the United States House Committee on Naval Affairs for the 41st, 42nd and 43rd United States Congresses. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1874.

### Scandal

Scofield was caught up in the scandal involving Congressman Oakes Ames who was censured for selling shares in Credit Mobilier at greatly reduced prices to fellow congressman. Ames had sold shares in Cedar Rapids stock bonds to Scofield and recommended he purchase shares in Credit Mobilier but the contract for the sale was never completed.

## Later career

Following his departure from Congress, Scofield returned to private practice in Warren from 1875 to 1878. He was appointed as the Register of the Treasury for the United States Department of the Treasury by President Rutherford B. Hayes, serving from 1878 to 1881.

## Federal judicial service

Scofield was nominated by President James A. Garfield on May 19, 1881, to a seat on the Court of Claims (later the United States Court of Claims) vacated by Judge William H. Hunt. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on May 20, 1881, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated on July 29, 1891, due to his resignation.

## Personal life

Scofield's brother was Bryant T. Scofield, a politician in Illinois.
Scofield died on August 30, 1891, in Warren. He was interred in Oakland Cemetery in Warren.
# PeggyOlson

PeggyOlson is a micro-blog hosted on the website Twitter. It is written in the voice of Mad Men character Peggy Olson. She describes herself as "Sr. copywriter at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce. Rising star on Madison Ave." located in "New York City, 1963" and has over 23,000 followers. The Twitter account is run by Carri Bugbee, a marketing consultant from Portland, Oregon. She created the Twitter account "to see what kind of potential Twitter had to build brand without being obvious." AMC's lawyers did not approve of her Twitter account; she received an "account suspended" notice from Twitter shortly after she started tweeting, but after her Twitter fans protested, her account was reinstated.
Her win in the Advertising category of the 2009 Shorty Awards "really got everyone in the contest talking" and "outrag[ed] some of the real-life ad shops in the running", who Rickrolled her in retaliation.
# Dorothy A. Perkins

Dorothy Anderson Perkins (August 13, 1926 – December 5, 2010) was an American politician in the state of Wyoming. She served in the Wyoming House of Representatives as a member of the Republican Party.
# Niedźwiedzica, Pomeranian Voivodeship

Niedźwiedzica is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stegna, within Nowy Dwór Gdański County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) north-west of Nowy Dwór Gdański and 26 km (16 mi) south-east of the regional capital Gdańsk.
Before 1793 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, 1793-1919 Prussia and Germany, 1920-1939 Free City of Danzig, September 1939 - February 1945 Nazi Germany. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

## Notable residents

* Johann Cornies (1789–1848), Mennonite German settler to Russia
# Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms

The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) is a rating scale that mental health professionals use to measure negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Negative symptoms are those conspicuous by their absence—lack of concern for one's appearance, and lack of language and communication skills, for example. Nancy Andreasen developed the scale and first published it in 1984. SANS splits assessment into five domains. Within each domain it rates separate symptoms from 0 (absent) to 5 (severe). The scale is closely linked to the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS), which was published a few years later. These tools are available for clinicians and for research.

## Background

Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness characterized by a range of behaviors, including hallucinations and delusions. Hallucinations refer to disorders involving the sensory systems, and are most often manifested as seeing or hearing things (e.g., voices) that do not exist. Delusions include odd or unusual beliefs such as grandiosity or paranoia. Both hallucinations and delusions are inconsistent with reality. Other symptoms of schizophrenia include bizarre behavior, odd posture or movements, facial grimacing, loss of, or indifference to self-help skills (grooming, washing, toileting, feeding, etc.). Schizophrenia may also be marked by a host of social and communication deficits, such as social withdrawal, odd use of language, including excessive use of made up words (neologisms), incomprehensible combinations of words (word salad) or overall poverty of speech. The symptoms are often classified into two broad categories: positive and negative symptoms. Positive symptoms refer to those behaviors or condition that are present in schizophrenia but that are not present under typical conditions (hallucinations, delusions). Negative symptoms refer to those behaviors that are conspicuous because of their absence (grooming, language, communication). Several measures or rating scales have been developed to assess the positive and negative aspects of schizophrenia.

## Items
### Affective Flattening or Blunting

* Unchanging Facial Expression
* Decreased Spontaneous Movements
* Paucity of Expressive Gestures
* Poor Eye Contact
* Affective Nonresponsivity
* Lack of Vocal Inflections
* Global Rating of Affective Flattening

### Alogia

* Poverty of Speech
* Poverty of Content of Speech
* Blocking
* Increased Latency of Response
* Global Rating of Alogia

### Avolition – Apathy

* Grooming and Hygiene
* Impersistence at Work or School
* Physical Anergia
* Global Rating of Avolition – Apathy

### Anhedonia – Asociality

* Recreational Interests and Activities
* Sexual Interest and Activity
* Ability to Feel Intimacy and Closeness
* Relationships with Friends and Peers
* Global Rating of Anhedonia-Asociality

### Attention

* Social Inattentiveness
* Inattentiveness During Mental Status Testing
* Global Rating of Attention
# Lorin C. Collins Jr.

Lorin Cone Collins Jr. (August 1, 1848 – October 18, 1940) was an American politician and judge from Connecticut. A graduate of Northwestern University, Collins entered politics at a young age and was elected to the Illinois House of Representatives. He served three two-year terms in the lower house, the last of which he was Speaker of the House. Collins was appointed as the Circuit Court of Cook County in 1884, serving until 1893. In 1905, Collins was appointed to the Supreme Court of the Panama Canal Zone.

## Biography

Lorin Cone Collins Jr. was born in Windsor, Connecticut on August 1, 1848. His namesake father was a Methodist Episcopal preacher. In 1852, the Collinses moved to St. Paul, Minnesota. Collins attended the preparatory school at Ohio Wesleyan University. He moved to Chicago, Illinois, when he was twenty, then attended Northwestern University. Collins studied law under Clarkson & Van Schaack in Chicago and was admitted to the bar in 1874.
Collins focused on politics for his career. In 1878, Collins was elected to the Illinois House of Representatives as a Republican. He was re-elected in 1880 and 1882, serving as Speaker of the House for the latter term. Collins was appointed Judge of the Circuit Court of Cook County in 1884, completing the unexpired term of William Henry Barnum. He was re-elected to this seat to five-year terms in 1885 and 1891. He resigned in November 1893 to focus on his private law practice and later moved to Wheaton. Collins was appointed an associate justice to the Supreme Court of the Panama Canal Zone in 1905.
Collins married Nellie Robb in 1873. They had three surviving children: George R., Lorin C. III, and Grace. He was active in Freemasonry and was a Knight Templar. He was also a member of the Union League Club of Chicago. Collins died at George's home in Sawyer, Michigan, on October 18, 1940, and was buried at Rosehill Cemetery in Chicago.
# Strother Memorial Chapel

Strother Memorial Chapel is a historic chapel at 1201 Van Drive in Seminole, Oklahoma. It is located in the Maple Grove Cemetery.
It was built in 1928 in honor of O. D. Strother, a founding father of the local oil industry. Over the following 70 years it fell into disrepair, and then was restored through the efforts of the Maple Grove Cemetery Association and the Seminole Historical Society. The chapel was added to the National Register in 2003.
# Désiré Nisard

Jean Marie Napoléon Désiré Nisard (20 March 1806 – 27 March 1888) was a French writer and literary critic. He was born at Châtillon-sur-Seine.

## Career

In 1826 he joined the staff of the Journal des Débats, but subsequently transferred his pen to the National. Under the empire he was inspector-general of education (1852) and director of the École normal (1857–1867).
Nisard's literary reputation was established by his Histoire de la littérature française (1844–1861). This work helped to secure his election to the Académie Française in 1850 as seat 39. His other works include Études d'histoire et de littérature (1859–1864), and Les Quatres grands historiens latins (1875).
In all his books Nisard vigorously supported the claims of classicism against romanticism. He is the object of the loathing of the narrator in the postmodern book Démolir Nisard, by the French writer Eric Chevillard.

## Death

Nisard died at San Remo in 1888.

## Memorials

The school Lycée polyvalent Désiré Nisard in Châtillon-sur-Seine was named after Nisard.
# Digambara Terapanth

Digambara Terapanth is one of the sects of Digambara Jainism, the other being the Bispanthi sect. It formed out of strong opposition to the religious domination of traditional religious leaders called bhattarakas during the 12th-16th century A.D, for the bhattarakas starting deviating from the original/Mula jain customs. They oppose the worship of various minor gods and goddesses. Some Terapanthi practices, like not using flowers in worship, gradually spread throughout most of North Indian Jainism as well.

## Origin

The Terapanthi movement was born out of the Adhyatma movement that arose in 1626 AD (V.S. 1683) in Agra. Its leading proponent was Banarasidas of Agra. Adhyatma groups flourished during 1644-1726 in Agra, Lahore and Multan. The poet Dyanatrai was associated with the Adhyatma movement.King Jai Singh II (1688–1743) of Amer kingdom built separate temples for the two sub-sects in his newly established capital of Jaipur.
The Bispanth-Terapanth division among the Digambaras emerged in the 17th century in the Jaipur region: Sanganer, Amer and Jaipur itself.
Terapanth was formally founded by Amra Bhaunsa Godika and his son Jodhraj Godika, prominent citizens in Sanganer, during 1664-1667. They expressed opposition to Bhattaraka Narendrakirti of Amber. Authors such as Daulatram Kasliwal and Pandit Todarmal were associated with the Terapanth movement. Pandit Todarmal's son, Gumaniram, formed a sub-sect named Gumanapantha in 1770s and named it shuddha terapantha amana (pure terapantha tradition) by making the rules stricter.
Bakhtaram in his "Mithyatva Khandan Natak" (1764) mentions that group that started it included 13 individuals who collectively built a new temple, thus giving it its name Terapanth, which literally means "thirteen-panthan". Alternatively, according to "Kavitta Terapanth kau" by Chanda Kavi, the movement was named Terapanth because it founders disagreed with the Bhattaraka on thirteen points. A letter of 1692 from Terapanthis at Kama to those at Sanganer mentions 13 rituals practices they rejected.
The Terapanthis reject these practices: Mentioned in Buddhivilas (1770) of Bakhtaram:
* Authority of Bhattarakas
* Use of flowers, cooked food or lamps in worship.
* Abhisheka (panchamrita)
* consecration of images without supervision by the representatives of Bhattarakas.
The letter by Tera Panthis at Kama also mentions:
* Puja while seated
* Puja at night
* Using drums in the temple
Terapanth Khandan of Pandit Pannalal also mentions:
* Worship of minor gods like the guardians of the directions, śāsanadevis such as Padmavati, and Kshetrapala.
# Niesiołowice, Pomeranian Voivodeship

Niesiołowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stężyca, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) west of Stężyca, 27 km (17 mi) south-west of Kartuzy, and 54 km (34 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Jackie Spinner

Jackie Spinner (born July 15, 1970) is an American journalist who worked for The Washington Post from 1995 to 2009.

## Biography

Spinner grew up in Decatur, Illinois, the daughter of a pipe fitter and a schoolteacher. She has a bachelor of science degree in journalism from Southern Illinois University Carbondale and a master's degree at the Graduate School of Journalism at the University of California at Berkeley.
Spinner was a U.S. Fulbright Scholar in Oman for the 2010–2011 academic year. She left the Post in 2009 and founded Angel Says: Read, an international literacy project based in Belize, Central America. In 2010, she returned to Iraq to start the award-winning AUI-S Voice, Iraq's first independent student newspaper at The American University of Iraq—Sulaimani. During her time as a Fulbright Scholar, Spinner taught digital journalism at Sultan Qaboos University in Oman, where she founded Al Mir’ah, the university's first independent student newspaper. Jackie writes, shoots photos and produces audio slideshows and video for the Web. She has contributed to the Christian Science Monitor, Chicago Tribune, Slate, Glamour, Aswat al-Iraq, American Journalism Review, Defense Quarterly Standard and U.S. Catholic News. She is the author of Tell Them I Didn't Cry: A young journalist's story of joy, loss and survival in Iraq (Scribner 2006). Jackie has reported from Iraq, Afghanistan, Jordan, Oman, Ecuador, Hungary, Spain, Morocco, Finland, Iceland and Kuwait. She is a member of the Society of Professional Journalists, Journalism and Women’s Symposium, College Media Advisers and Military Reporters & Editors Association.
Spinner arrived as the most junior member of The Washington Post bureau staff, working as a metro reporter and financial reporter, before becoming Baghdad Bureau Chief. In Iraq, she survived mortar attacks, car bombs, the Battle for Fallujah, and a kidnapping attempt outside of Abu Ghraib prison. She has contributed to MSNBC, PBS, CNN, BBC, ABC, and National Public Radio, and was featured in a PBS Frontline documentary on reporting the war in Iraq.
Spinner's most recent project was Don't Forget Me, a documentary about autism in Morocco. The film premiered at the Rabat International Film Festival.
She is currently an associate professor of journalism at Columbia College Chicago.

## Works

* Tell Them I Didn’t Cry (2006) ISBN 0-7432-8853-X
# Robert Wymond

Robert Wymond (by 1508–49), of Rye, Sussex and Goudhurst, Kent, was an English Member of Parliament (MP). He was a Member of the Parliament of England for Rye in 1545.
# Rath Eastlink Community Centre

The Rath Eastlink Community Centre is a multi purpose sporting facility located in Truro, Nova Scotia. The facility features an NHL sized arena, a competition-sized (25m) swimming pool, a water slide, a fitness centre and, a rock climbing wall. The facility opened on March 2, 2013.
The opening day was set for fall 2012 but, was delayed due to a steel plant fire, and painting issues during construction of the arena.

## Inaugural game and hosting of the Fred Page Cup

The first hockey game, which coincided with the opening of the RECC, was held March 2, 2013 between the visiting Metro Shipbuilders and the Truro Bearcats. Attendance topped 2,800 opening night and tickets to the game were provided free of charge by the Bearcats. Various charitable groups were able to collect donations during the evening. EastLink TV televised the inaugural game; one that saw the Bearcats defeat the Shipbuilders 4–3.
The current single-night attendance record at the arena was set during a Maritime Hockey League game between the Weeks Crushers and Truro Bearcats. 3090 people attended game seven of the Eastlink division semi-finals between the two teams.
From April 30 to May 5, 2013 the Truro Bearcats hosted the Fred Page Cup Eastern Canadian Junior 'A' Hockey Championships at the RECC. The event was the first of its kind to be held at the new arena. The tournament was an overall success, and was a fitting cap to the Bearcats first season at the new arena. Truro won the championship, going undefeated, and claimed the right to move on to nationals by a score of 3–2 over the visiting Summerside Western Capitals in double overtime.

## Grand opening

The Rath Eastlink Community Centre held its official grand opening and ribbon cutting ceremony on September 28, 2013. April Wine performed that evening; marking the first concert held at the venue. Gloryhound is also scheduled to perform. All portions of the facility are open for use throughout the day.
# Niewierowo

Niewierowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Słupsk, within Słupsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.
It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north of Słupsk (Stolp) and 104 km (65 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk (Danzig).
# Zurich Christmas Open

The Zurich Christmas Open (German: Weihnachtsopen Zürich) is an annual chess tournament that takes place in Zürich, Switzerland. The tournament began in 1977 and has been held 38 consecutive times. In 2013, Polish Grandmaster Radosław Wojtaszek won the tournament. In 2014, German grandmaster Arkadij Naiditsch won the tournament.
The tournament has been won four times by Vladimir Tukmakov and Josef Klinger.

## Winners

    # Year Master Tournament Main Tournament 1 1977 Radovan Govedarica YUG only one Category 2 1978 Werner Hug SUI only one Category 3 1979 Petar Popovic YUG Trauth M. GER 4 1980 Radoslav Simic YUG Koronghy J. HUN 5 1981 Dragutin Sahovic YUG Payrits H. AUT 6 1982 Gyula Sax HUN Baldauf M. GER 7 1983 Jaime Sunye Neto BRA Maillard SUI 8 1984 Stefan Kindermann GER Bellamaric S. YUG 9 1985 Josef Klinger AUT Frick R. LIE 10 1986 Josef Klinger AUT Zaja I. YUG 11 1987 Lubomir Neckar CSR Potterat M. SUI 12 1988 Josef Klinger AUT Mella L. SUI 13 1989 Heinz Wirthensohn SUI Ribic K. YUG 14 1990 Josef Klinger AUT Kozarcanin S. YUG 15 1991 Jacob Murey FRA Fischer L. SUI 16 1992 Reinhard Lendwai AUT Fehr D. SUI 17 1993 Vadim Milov ISR Rosing H. GER 18 1994 Vladimir Tukmakov UKR Kajtez M. YUG 19 1995 Vladimir Tukmakov UKR Cruceli S. SUI 20 1996 Georg Siegel GER Gojani G. SUI 21 1997 Nedeljko Kelecevic BIH Bütler M. SUI 221998Vladimir Tukmakov UKR Wittwer M. SUI 231999Vladimir Tukmakov UKR Agushi A. SUI 242000Vladimir Epishin GER Jashari E. SUI 252001Yannick Pelletier SUI Hana A. GER 262002Yannick Pelletier SUI Tikvic N. SUI 272003Stanislav Savchenko UKR Remata V. SUI 282004Aloyzas Kveinys LIT Hirt M. SUI 292005Zoltán Varga HUN Pfau M. GER 302006Yannick Pelletier SUI Joller H. SUI 312007Florian Jenni SUI Gabersek A. SUI 322008Héra Imre HUN Wegelin R. SUI 332009Leonid Milov GER Ristevski S. SUI 342010Georg Meier GER Stucki R. SUI 352011Igor Kurnosov RUS Künzli T. SUI 362012Levente Vajda ROM Boskovic M. SRB 372013Radosław Wojtaszek POL Schweighoffer M. SUI 382014Arkadij Naiditsch GER Grünberger M. SRB 392015Arkadij Naiditsch GER Mansoor S. SUI 40 2016 Nijat Abasov AZE Bhunjun R. SUI 41 2017 Liviu-Dieter Nisipeanu GER Hauser R. SUI 42 2018 Haik M. Martirosyan ARM Mesut Altok GER
# Chala (disambiguation)

Chala is a region in Peru.
Chala may also refer to:

## Places
### India

* Chala, Gujarat, a census town
* Chala, Kannur, a suburb of Kannur in Kerala
* Chala, Thiruvananthapuram, a suburb of Thiruvananthapuram in Kerala

### Peru

* Chala, Peru, a town
* Chala District

### Elsewhere

* Kingdom of Chakla or Chala, a former kingdom in what is now Tibet
* Chala, Bulgaria, village in Smolyan Province, Bulgaria
* Chala, Ozurgeti Municipality, Georgia, a village
* the Hellenistic name of Hulwan, Iran
* Lake Chala, a crater lake that straddles the border between Kenya and Tanzania

## People

* Chala (name), a list of people with the surname or given name Chala or Chalá

## Other uses

* Chala (Jews), a name given to Bukharan Jews who were forcibly converted to Islam
* Chala bread, a traditional Jewish bread; see Challah
* Chala language, a Gur language of Ghana
* Haplochromis sp. 'Chala', a fish species
# John W. Killinger

John Weinland Killinger (September 18, 1824 – June 30, 1896) was an American politician from Pennsylvania who served as a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives for Pennsylvania's 10th congressional district from 1859 to 1863 and from 1871 to 1875. He also served as a member of Pennsylvania's 14th congressional district from 1877 to 1881.

## Early life and education

John W. Killinger was born in Annville, Pennsylvania to John and Fanny Killinger. He attended the public schools of Annville and the Lebanon Academy in Lebanon, Pennsylvania. He graduated from the Mercersburg Preparatory School in Mercersburg, Pennsylvania, and from Franklin & Marshall College in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, in 1843. He studied law in Lancaster, was admitted to the bar in 1846 and practiced in Lebanon County, Pennsylvania, from 1846 to 1886.

## Career

He served as prosecuting attorney for Lebanon County in 1848 and 1849.
He was a member of the Pennsylvania State House of Representatives in 1850 and 1851, and served in the Pennsylvania State Senate for the 7th district from 1854 to 1857. He was a delegate to the 1856 Republican National Convention.
Killinger was elected as a Republican to the Thirty-sixth and Thirty-seventh Congresses. He served as a chairman of the United States House Committee on Expenditures in the Post Office Department during the Thirty-seventh Congress. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1862. He served as assessor of internal revenue from 1864 to 1866.
Killinger was again elected to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1874. He resumed the practice of law. He was again elected to the Forty-fifth and Forty-sixth Congresses. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1880. He served as solicitor for the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad.
He died in Lebanon, Pennsylvania in 1896 and is interred at the Mount Lebanon Cemetery.