OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Edward Lowe Martin

Edward Lowe Martin (March 12, 1842 – December 15, 1912) was an American politician who served as the Mayor of Kansas City, Missouri. The town of Martin City was named in honor of him; and would eventually be incorporated into and become a neighborhood of Kansas City in 1963.

## Early life and education

Edward Lowe Martin was born in Maysville, Kentucky, on March 12, 1842, to parents William Martin and Margaret Sheridan Martin. Edward's parents emigrated to Kentucky from Belfast, Ireland in 1822. Edward was educated in private schools in Kentucky until age 16, when he began working in the field of business.

## Business career

Edward Martin began his business career at age 16 as a shipping clerk for a wholesale grocery house. When the Civil War broke out in 1861, Martin was placed in charge of the business when the owner was jailed as a Confederate sympathizer. Martin liquidated the business and returned the proceeds to the family of the owner. Martin's next occupation was that of head bookkeeper at the largest hardware store in his region of Kentucky. He remained in that position until 1864, when he resigned and moved to a similar position at a large wholesale grocery company in Cincinnati, Ohio. After a year, Martin became a partner in the business and remained there until 1868.
In 1868 Martin moved to Kansas City, Missouri, where he was the head of the E. L. Martin & Company wholesale liquor business and organized the Kansas City Distilling Company.

## Public service

He became mayor of Kansas City, Missouri, in 1873. Martin was also active in the Board of Education in which he served from 1875 to 1896.

## Personal life

Edward Lowe Martin died in Excelsior Springs, Missouri on December 15, 1912. He was buried in Elmwood Cemetery in Kansas City.
# Doran, Virginia

Doran is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Tazewell County, Virginia, United States. Doran is located along the Clinch River, U.S. Route 460 and Virginia State Route 67 between Richlands and Raven. Doran has a post office with ZIP code 24612. The community was named for Joseph I. Doran, who was the general counsel for the Norfolk and Western Railway. It was first listed as a CDP in the 2020 census with a population of 113.

## Demographics

Doran first appeared as a census designated place in the 2020 U.S. Census.
# Kham-Oun I

Queen Kham-Oun I (15 July 1885 – 5 June 1915), was queen consort of Laos from 1904 to 1915 by marriage to king Sisavang Vong. She was the mother of Sisavang Vatthana. She died at the Royal Palace, Luang Prabang.
# Horodotska Street

Horodotska Street (ukr. Вулиця Городоцька) is the longest street in the city of Lviv, Ukraine - its total length is over 8.5 km - it begins in the historic center, runs through the territory of Halych, Frankivsk and Zaliznychny districts and ends on the outskirts of the city. The street is of exceptional transport importance, as it is the main highway of Lviv in the western direction. The design of the street varies along its length, including a range of architectural styles from historicism, secession, constructivism, and modernist housing and industrial architecture. Several houses on Horodotska Street have the status of architectural monuments of local significance.

## Main buildings

A number of important buildings are located on Horodotska Street. It begins with the Magnus shopping center, built 1912–1913, which is the first example of Lviv constructivism. The oldest Lviv prison, Brygidky, is also located on Horodotska Street, and is now the Lviv Remand Prison. In the future it is planned to move it to another location. Horodotska 26 is Lviv State University of Internal Affairs. At the crossroads of Horodotska and Shevchenko streets is the church of St. Anne, at Horodotska 32, and at Horodotska 36 is the Lviv Drama Theater named after Lesya Ukrainka. Also on Horodotska Street is the Lviv State Circus, the Railway Station Market, the Lviv Suburban Station, and the tram depot N1.

## Transport

Horodotska Street is of exceptional importance in the city's transport connection along its entire length, it is used by all types of public transport: trams, trolleybuses and shuttle buses. The oldest tram depot N1 in Lviv is also located on Horodotska Street. The first electric tram track was laid in Lviv in 1895, part of the section was laid across Horodotska Street. When trolleybus traffic was introduced in Lviv in 1952, a trolleybus line also appeared on Horodotska Street. Lviv Suburban Railway Station is also located on Horodotska Street.

## Gallery

* Horodotska St. 2
* Horodotska St. 17
* Horodotska St. 45
* Horodotska St. 117

## Sources

* Архітектура Львова: Час і стилі. XIII—XXI ст / М. Бевз, Ю. Бірюльов, Ю. Богданова, В. Дідик, У. Іваночко, Т. Клименюк та інші. — Львів : Центр Європи, 2008. — 720 с. — ISBN 978-966-7022-77-8.
* Енциклопедія Львова (За редакцією А. Козицького та І. Підкови) — Львів : Літопис, 2007–2010. — Т. 1–3.
* Бірюльов Ю. Захаревичі: Творці столичного Львова. — Львів : Центр Європи, 2010. — С. 310. — ISBN 978-966-7022-86-0.
* Справочник. Львов, 1949, с. 105.
* Мельник І. В. Львівські вулиці і кам'яниці, мури, закамарки, передмістя та інші особливості Королівського столичного міста Галичини. — Львів : Центр Європи, 2008. — С. 355. — ISBN 978-966-7022-79-2.
* Революції безсмертя. Місцями революційної слави на Львівщині, 1977, с. 62.
# Bulevar Djindjića

Boulevard of Dr. Zoran Đinđić is the longest and oldest boulevard in the City of Niš, Serbia, with a length of 4 kilometers. There was a major reconstruction of the boulevard in 2011.

## Location

The boulevard begins at a location called Crveni pevac (Red rooster) and stretches to the beginning of the Boulevard of Saint Emperor Konstantin. The boulevard is part of a road that connected the City of Niš to a Romanian city called Drobeta-Turnu Severin. This road is called E-771 and is 225 kilometers long.

## Characteristics

The boulevard is 4 kilometers long and is the longest and oldest, but not the widest boulevard in the city. The boulevard at some parts has four lanes, at some parts five lanes and at some parts six lanes. It goes parallel to the Bulevar Nemanjića, which connects to this boulevard at the beginning of the Boulevard of Saint Emperor Konstantin. The boulevard does not have cycling lanes, but there exist plans for another reconstruction after which the boulevard will have a cycling lane.

## 2011 Reconstruction

In 2011, this street was part of a project called 'The boulevard ring'. During the reconstruction, some parts of the boulevard were widened and some were narrowed. The pavement was changed. Instead of a concrete, standard pavement, it was now built of smaller concrete pink and gray blocks. At the places where there are 4 lanes, the 2nd lane at both directions is a bit wider so there can be space for a vehicle to park. Most people consider this an auxiliary lane. If this is correct, the boulevard would actually have six lanes.
# Powell's method

Powell's method, strictly Powell's conjugate direction method, is an algorithm proposed by Michael J. D. Powell for finding a local minimum of a function. The function need not be differentiable, and no derivatives are taken.
The function must be a real-valued function of a fixed number of real-valued inputs. The caller passes in the initial point. The caller also passes in a set of initial search vectors. Typically N search vectors (say {s$_1$, …, s$_N$}{\textstyle \{s_{1}, \dots , s_{N}\}}) are passed in which are simply the normals aligned to each axis.
The method minimises the function by a bi-directional search along each search vector, in turn. The bi-directional line search along each search vector can be done by Golden-section search or Brent's method. Let the minima found during each bi-directional line search be {x$_0$+α$_1$s$_1$, x$_0$+∑$_{i=1}$$^2$α$_i$s$_i$, …, x$_0$+∑$_{i=1}$$^N$α$_i$s$_i$}{\textstyle \{x_{0}+\alpha _{1}s_{1}, {x}_{0}+\sum _{i=1}^{2}\alpha _{i}{s}_{i}, \dots , {x}_{0}+\sum _{i=1}^{N}\alpha _{i}{s}_{i}\}}, where x$_0${\textstyle {x}_{0}} is the initial starting point and α$_i${\textstyle \alpha _{i}} is the scalar determined during bi-directional search along s$_i${\textstyle {s}_{i}}. The new position (x$_1${\textstyle x_{1}}) can then be expressed as a linear combination of the search vectors i.e. x$_1$=x$_0$+∑$_{i=1}$$^N$α$_i$s$_i${\textstyle x_{1}=x_{0}+\sum _{i=1}^{N}\alpha _{i}s_{i}}. The new displacement vector (∑$_{i=1}$$^N$α$_i$s$_i${\textstyle \sum _{i=1}^{N}\alpha _{i}s_{i}}) becomes a new search vector, and is added to the end of the search vector list. Meanwhile, the search vector which contributed most to the new direction, i.e. the one which was most successful (i$_d$=arg⁡max$_{i=1}$$^N$|α$_i$|‖s$_i$‖{\textstyle i_{d}=\arg \max _{i=1}^{N}|\alpha _{i}|\|s_{i}\|}), is deleted from the search vector list. The new set of N search vectors is {s$_1$, …, s$_{id−1}$, s$_{id+1}$, …, s$_N$, ∑$_{i=1}$$^N$α$_i$s$_i$}{\textstyle \{s_{1}, \dots , s_{i_{d}-1}, s_{i_{d}+1}, \dots , s_{N}, \sum _{i=1}^{N}\alpha _{i}s_{i}\}}. The algorithm iterates an arbitrary number of times until no significant improvement is made.
The method is useful for calculating the local minimum of a continuous but complex function, especially one without an underlying mathematical definition, because it is not necessary to take derivatives. The basic algorithm is simple; the complexity is in the linear searches along the search vectors, which can be achieved via Brent's method.
# Bright Eyes Sunglasses

Bright Eyes Sunglasses is a company that was established in Cairns, Queensland, Australia, by Robert and Antonina (Ann) Johnstone, in 1985. By 1995, the chain included 115 stores. In 1997 the franchise was sold to Ian Thomas, a Cairns property developer. Ian Thomas reduced the stores from 112 to 85 removing the unprofitable stores strengthening the brand and growing the gross profit of the group by 50%.
In 2000, Bright Eyes was sold to a consortium of three businessmen: Geoff Harbert, Graham Bradshaw, and Ralph Edwards. By 2003, 10 franchise stores and 19 company-owned stores. The full chain's 2003 turnover reached A$6.7 million. Harbert stated in 2004 that some stores were expanding their product lines, in order to remain profitable.
The company having grown to 155 stores, 1/3 of which company run, eventually came under the control of Oakley, Inc., which was itself purchased by Luxottica in 2007, transferring ownership of the chain to Luxottica. The takeover resulted in Luxottica becoming "by far the biggest eyewear chain in Australia."
In 2008 Luxottica having reduced the business to 47 stores, sold the business back to business partners Ralph Edwards and Geoff Harbert.
# Napf

The Napf is a mountain on the border between the Swiss cantons of Bern and Lucerne. With an altitude of 1,408 meters (4,619 ft), it is the summit of the Napfgebiet (Napf region), the hilly region lying between Bern and Lucerne. It is counted geologically as part of the Swiss plateau, although it is sometimes considered part of the Emmental Alps. The region is bounded by the Emmental to the south-west and the Entlebuch to the east. The region is traversed by the Brünig-Napf-Reuss line.
The peak is surrounded by steep hills that are a patchwork of evergreen forests and small mountain farms. Nearby towns include Romoos, Doppleschwand, Michlischwand, Luthern, and Menzberg.

## Climate

Climate data for Napf, elevation 1,404 m (4,606 ft), (1991–2020) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 1.3 (34.3) | 1.0 (33.8) | 3.8 (38.8) | 7.7 (45.9) | 12.1 (53.8) | 15.9 (60.6) | 18.0 (64.4) | 17.6 (63.7) | 13.1 (55.6) | 9.7 (49.5) | 4.8 (40.6) | 2.2 (36.0) | 8.9 (48.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.3 (29.7) | −1.6 (29.1) | 1.0 (33.8) | 4.2 (39.6) | 8.3 (46.9) | 11.9 (53.4) | 13.9 (57.0) | 13.9 (57.0) | 10.0 (50.0) | 6.8 (44.2) | 2.2 (36.0) | −0.4 (31.3) | 5.7 (42.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −3.8 (25.2) | −4.1 (24.6) | −1.7 (28.9) | 1.2 (34.2) | 5.0 (41.0) | 8.6 (47.5) | 10.6 (51.1) | 10.9 (51.6) | 7.4 (45.3) | 4.3 (39.7) | −0.1 (31.8) | −2.8 (27.0) | 3.0 (37.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 98.4 (3.87) | 98.3 (3.87) | 114.1 (4.49) | 125.5 (4.94) | 187.8 (7.39) | 178.0 (7.01) | 188.2 (7.41) | 175.6 (6.91) | 131.1 (5.16) | 118.2 (4.65) | 109.7 (4.32) | 123.9 (4.88) | 1,648.8 (64.91) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 11.1 | 10.8 | 12.5 | 12.6 | 15.1 | 13.8 | 13.4 | 12.8 | 11.2 | 11.9 | 11.4 | 12.7 | 149.3 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 74 | 76 | 78 | 77 | 80 | 80 | 78 | 79 | 84 | 80 | 77 | 75 | 78 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 101.2 | 103.1 | 136.1 | 150.2 | 153.3 | 173.5 | 190.5 | 184.8 | 147.8 | 129.0 | 94.4 | 84.2 | 1,648.1 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 38 | 37 | 38 | 38 | 35 | 38 | 42 | 44 | 41 | 40 | 35 | 33 | 39 |
| Source 1: NOAA ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: MeteoSwiss ||||||||||||||
# Leonard–Merritt mass estimator

In astronomy, the Leonard–Merritt mass estimator is a formula for estimating the mass of a spherical stellar system using the apparent (angular) positions and proper motions of its component stars. The distance to the stellar system must also be known.
Like the virial theorem, the Leonard–Merritt estimator yields correct results regardless of the degree of velocity anisotropy. Its statistical properties are superior to those of the virial theorem. However, it requires that two components of the velocity be known for every star, rather than just one for the virial theorem.
The estimator has the general form $\langle M(r)\rangle ={16 \over 3\pi G}\langle R\left(2V_{R}^{2}+V_{T}^{2}\right)\rangle .$
The angle brackets denote averages over the ensemble of observed stars. M(r) is the mass contained within a distance r from the center of the stellar system; R is the projected distance of a star from the apparent center; V$_R$ and V$_T$ are the components of a star's velocity parallel to, and perpendicular to, the apparent radius vector; and G is the gravitational constant.
Like all estimators based on moments of the Jeans equations, the Leonard–Merritt estimator requires an assumption about the relative distribution of mass and light. As a result, it is most useful when applied to stellar systems that have one of two properties:
* All or almost all of the mass resides in a central object, or,
* the mass is distributed in the same way as the observed stars.
Case (1) applies to the nucleus of a galaxy containing a supermassive black hole. Case (2) applies to a stellar system composed entirely of luminous stars (i.e. no dark matter or black holes).
In a cluster with constant mass-to-light ratio and total mass M$_T$, the Leonard–Merritt estimator becomes: $M_{T}={32 \over 3\pi G}\langle R\left(2V_{R}^{2}+V_{T}^{2}\right)\rangle .$
On the other hand, if all the mass is located in a central point of mass M$_0$, then: $M_{0}={16 \over 3\pi G}\langle R\left(2V_{R}^{2}+V_{T}^{2}\right)\rangle .$
In its second form, the Leonard–Merritt estimator has been successfully used to measure the mass of the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy.
# State Property (film)

State Property is a 2002 American crime film starring Beanie Sigel, Memphis Bleek, Damon Dash and Jay-Z. It was produced by Jay-Z's Roc-A-Fella and distributed by Lions Gate Films. Abdul Malik Abbott directed the film and co-wrote its screenplay with Ernest "Tron" Anderson. The film was loosely based on Aaron Jones and the Junior Black Mafia (JBM), who participated in Philadelphia's drug trade from the late 1980s to early 1990s. Film critic reviews were generally mixed to negative. It was followed by a sequel, State Property 2 which was released in 2005.

## Synopsis

Frustrated with being broke, Beans (Sigel) decides that the only way to achieve the American Dream is to seize it. The film follows Beans and his crew, the ABM, as they take over the city of Philadelphia, creating mayhem as their empire builds.
Beans struggles to maintain his family life while bumping heads with opposing gangsters and police. It all comes to a head when he cannot surpass the city's most notorious crew, run by Untouchable J (Jay-Z) and Dame (Dash). The moves Beans and the ABM decide to make come with severe consequences.

## Cast

* Beanie Sigel - Beans
* Omillio Sparks - Baby Boy
* Memphis Bleek - Blizz
* Damon Dash - 'Boss' Dame
* Sundy Carter - Aisha
* Tyran "Ty-Ty" Smith - Shareef
* Oschino - D-Nice
* Jay-Z - Untouchable J
* Brother Newz - P-Nut
* Rell - Butter
* Young Chris - Ricky
* Young Neef - Troy
* Amil - Boss' Assassin
* DJ Clue - Boss Informant
* Jacob the Jeweler - Eli
* Denyce Lawton - Bikini Girl #2
* Casha - Heather McGee
* Randolph Curtis Rand - Saul Weisberg
* Nicole Madeo - Leslie Tucci
* Leslie Pilgrim - Aja
* Kyndra Monet - Selena
* Pain in da Ass - Mario
* Dee Lee - Poochie
* Leah Leatherbury - Tonya
* Reb - Snoop
* Rashie Constantine - Mel
* Stephen "X" Baker - Bruce
* Willie Esco - Papi Wil
* Cousin Ervan - E
* Andrea Videla - Nina

## Soundtrack

The State Property soundtrack was entirely performed by the State Property rap group. It was released on January 29, 2002, and peaked at 14 on Billboard 200 and 1 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums.

## Reception

On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 0% based on 12 reviews. The film also had a 9 rating from Metacritic. TV Guide gave the film 2 out of 4 stars, stating "Formulaic but performed with some verve". The New York Times wrote, "In spite of all the sex and violence, 'State Property' is a remarkably tedious film. The story is sluggishly told, and Beans and his crew, including Omillio Sparks, are too gloweringly one-dimensional to be interesting."

## Sequel

A sequel to the film, titled State Property 2, was released on April 13, 2005.
# Martin Výborný

Martin Výborný (25 April 1976) is a Czech former professional ice hockey player. He played with HC Slovan Bratislava in the Slovak Extraliga.

## Personal life

His career spanned several clubs and leagues, beginning in his hometown of Mladá Boleslav and moving to various Czech and Slovak teams. Výborný initially gained attention with BK Mladá Boleslav and later became a key player for HC Plzeň, where he developed a reputation for his reliable defensive play and resilience.
After competing in the Czech Extraliga, he extended his career by joining the Slovak Extraliga, playing for teams such as HK Nitra, HK Skalica, and most notably HC Slovan Bratislava, where he contributed to a bronze-medal finish. He later joined HK Zvolen, where he celebrated a championship win in the 2012–2013 season. Following his retirement from professional play, Výborný pursued coaching, focusing on developing young players, and emphasized overall athleticism and skills across multiple sports to enhance performance on the ice
# Gymnastics at the 1906 Intercalated Games

At the 1906 Summer Olympics in Athens, four gymnastics events were contested, all for men only. Now called the Intercalated Games, the 1906 Games are no longer considered as an official Olympic Games by the International Olympic Committee.

## Medal summary

| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Individual all-around 5 events | Pierre Payssé France | Alberto Braglia Italy | Georges Charmoille France |
| Individual all-around 6 events | Pierre Payssé France | Alberto Braglia Italy | Georges Charmoille France |
| Rope climbing | Georgios Aliprantis Greece | Béla Erödy Hungary | Konstantinos Kozanitas Greece |
| Team | Norway Carl Albert Andersen Oskar Bye Conrad Carlsrud Harald Eriksen Oswald Falch Kristian Fjerdingen Yngvar Fredriksen Karl Haagensen Harald Halvorsen Petter Hol Andreas Hagelund Eugen Ingebretsen Per Mathias Jespersen Finn Münster Frithjof Olsen Carl Alfred Pedersen Rasmus Pettersen Thorleif Petersen Thorleiv Røhn Johan Stumpf | Denmark Carl Andersen Halvor Birch Harald Bukdahl Kaj Gnudtzmann Knud Holm Erik Klem Harald Klem Louis Larsen Jens Lorentzen Robert Madsen Carl Manicus-Hansen Oluf Olsson Hans Pedersen Oluf Pedersen Niels Petersen Viktor Rasmussen Marius Skram-Jensen Marius Thuesen | Italy Federico Bertinotti Ciro Civinini Raffaello Giannoni Azeglio Innocenti Filiberto Innocenti Manrico Masetti Vitaliano Masotti Quintilio Mazzoncini Spartaco Nerozzi |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | France | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4 |
| 2 | Greece | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 3 | Norway | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 4 | Italy | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| 5 | Denmark | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 5 | Hungary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Totals (6 entries) | Totals (6 entries) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 12 |
# Mortimer Building

The Mortimer Building was a 19th-century building located at Wall Street and New Street in the Financial District of Manhattan, New York City. It was built by W.Y. Mortimer beginning on June 1, 1884, and completed for occupancy in March 1885. The architect was George B. Post. It fronted Wall Street for a distance of 57 feet (17 m) and New Street for 65 feet (20 m). Used entirely as an office building, the structure adjoined the New York Stock Exchange Building on the west and south. Tenants included lawyers, brokers, and bankers. The building was used as the general headquarters of the Industrial Workers of the World at its peak between 1912 and 1917.
The New York Stock Exchange acquired the Mortimer Building for $745,000 in December 1918. Reasons for the acquisition included consolidating all the adjuncts of the exchange beneath one roof and the necessity for additional floor space for foreign issues, entertained by the NYSE. The site was valued at $710,000 in February 1920; $745,000 with the building included.

## Interior design and history

Its rooms were light, arranged in suites and singly. The walls were made primarily of mahogany. The halls were wainscoted in marble and mahogany. The stairways were composed of iron and stone. The structure was considered fireproof from top to bottom. Modern conveniences included steam gas, electric lights, and two speedy elevators.

## Previous structures

The 1884 Mortimer Building replaced an earlier edifice with the same name, built in 1835 by Richard Mortimer (1790 - 1882). The latter structure was constructed in accordance with the Mortimer estate, William Yates Mortimer executor.
Richard Mortimer had commissioned another Mortimer Building at 935-939 Broadway from architect Griffith Thomas. This 1862 structure, which held the early offices of the American Institute of Architects, still stands as of 2018.
# Lac des Vents volcanic complex

The Lac des Vents volcanic complex is a 2.3 km (1.4 mi) thick Archean volcanic complex in the Abitibi greenstone belt of Quebec, Canada. It is an important part of a major submarine volcanic structure.