OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Centered octahedral number

In mathematics, a centered octahedral number or Haüy octahedral number is a figurate number that counts the points of a three-dimensional integer lattice that lie inside an octahedron centered at the origin. The same numbers are special cases of the Delannoy numbers, which count certain two-dimensional lattice paths. The Haüy octahedral numbers are named after René Just Haüy.

## History

The name "Haüy octahedral number" comes from the work of René Just Haüy, a French mineralogist active in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. His "Haüy construction" approximates an octahedron as a polycube, formed by accreting concentric layers of cubes onto a central cube. The centered octahedral numbers count the cubes used by this construction. Haüy proposed this construction, and several related constructions of other polyhedra, as a model for the structure of crystalline minerals.

## Formula

The number of three-dimensional lattice points within n steps of the origin is given by the formula
    ${\frac {(2n+1)\left(2n^{2}+2n+3\right)}{3}}$
The first few of these numbers (for n = 0, 1, 2, ...) are
    1, 7, 25, 63, 129, 231, 377, 575, 833, 1159, ...
The generating function of the centered octahedral numbers is
    ${\frac {(1+x)^{3}}{(1-x)^{4}}}.$
The centered octahedral numbers obey the recurrence relation
    $C(n)=C(n-1)+4n^{2}+2.$
They may also be computed as the sums of pairs of consecutive octahedral numbers.

## Alternative interpretations

The octahedron in the three-dimensional integer lattice, whose number of lattice points is counted by the centered octahedral number, is a metric ball for three-dimensional taxicab geometry, a geometry in which distance is measured by the sum of the coordinatewise distances rather than by Euclidean distance. For this reason, Luther & Mertens (2011) call the centered octahedral numbers "the volume of the crystal ball".
The same numbers can be viewed as figurate numbers in a different way, as the centered figurate numbers generated by a pentagonal pyramid. That is, if one forms a sequence of concentric shells in three dimensions, where the first shell consists of a single point, the second shell consists of the six vertices of a pentagonal pyramid, and each successive shell forms a larger pentagonal pyramid with a triangular number of points on each triangular face and a pentagonal number of points on the pentagonal face, then the total number of points in this configuration is a centered octahedral number.
The centered octahedral numbers are also the Delannoy numbers of the form D(3,n). As for Delannoy numbers more generally, these numbers count the paths from the southwest corner of a 3 × n grid to the northeast corner, using steps that go one unit east, north, or northeast.
# Cyril Everard Tower

Admiral Cyril Everard Tower, DSO (3 December 1861 – 20 January 1929) was a Royal Navy officer.
# Saru Khan

Saru Khan (Persian: ساروخان) is a village in, and the capital of, Palanganeh Rural District of the Central District of Javanrud County, Kermanshah province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 152 in 31 households. The following census in 2011 counted 150 people in 32 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 135 people in 35 households.
# Safiabad, Javanrud

Safiabad (Persian: صفي اباد) is a village in Palanganeh Rural District of the Central District of Javanrud County, Kermanshah province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 901 in 203 households. The following census in 2011 counted 1,671 people in 451 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 2,402 people in 677 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
# Juliette Gariépy

Juliette Gariépy is a Canadian actress and model from Quebec. She attracted critical acclaim for her performance in the independent feature film Red Rooms (Les Chambres rouges), for which she won the Prix Iris for Revelation of the Year at the 25th Quebec Cinema Awards in 2023, and received a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Lead Performance in a Drama Film at the 12th Canadian Screen Awards in 2024.
She was also co-winner with Nathan Stewart-Jarrett of the award for Best Performance at the 2023 Fantasia Film Festival.
Her other film roles have included Boost, You Can Live Forever, Inès, Mothers and Monsters and Two Women (Deux femmes en or).
# Nemesia caerulea

Nemesia caerulea is a blue- to purple- flowered herbaceous perennial member of the family Scrophulariaceae. The plant is native to the Cape Floristic Province of southwestern South Africa, where it grows at low elevations on fully exposed north-facing and northwest-facing slopes in association with other native grasses and forbs. Its chromosome number is 2n=18.
It produces many small flowers in shades of pink, blue and white (the Latin caerulea means "dark blue"). The flowers are two-lipped, the upper lip with four lobes and the lower lip with two lobes. In cultivation the two lips are often different colours.
In temperate regions it is usually grown as an annual. The cultivar 'Sea Mist' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
# Azazel: Book of Angels Volume 2

Azazel: Book of Angels Volume 2 is an album by the Masada String Trio performing compositions from John Zorn's second Masada book, "The Book of Angels". All of the tracks were composed by John Zorn and conducted by him.

## Reception

The Allmusic review awarded the album 3½ stars.
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |

## Track listing

    All compositions by John Zorn.
* "Tufiel" - 6:22
* "Mibi" - 1:53
* "Tabaet" - 6:46
* "Symnay" - 5:23
* "Mastema" - 6:39
* "Bethor" - 5:25
* "Uriel" - 4:37
* "Gurid" - 1:52
* "Gazriel" - 4:04
* "Azazel" - 5:26
* "Rsassiel" - 2"38 - misspelled as "Rssasiel" on album sleeve
* "Garzanal" - 5:21
* "Ahiel" - 3:47
** Recorded at Pilot Recording in New York City on June 14, 2005

## Personnel

* Greg Cohen – bass
* Mark Feldman – violin
* Erik Friedlander – cello
# Henry H. Meyer

Henry Herman Meyer (21 November 1874 in Champaign, Illinois – 1951) was an American Methodist Episcopal clergyman and editor.

## Biography

He was educated at California State Normal School; German Wallace College, Ohio; the Drew Theological Seminary; Teachers College, Columbia; and at Jena. He was ordained in the ministry in 1900.
He filled pastorates in Wilmington, California, and Mount Vernon, New York. He was professor at Saint Paul College, Minnesota, in 1900-01, and in 1903 became assistant editor of the Methodist Episcopal Sunday School publications, becoming editor in 1914. In 1911 he served as secretary of the Sunday School Council of the United States and Canada, and he became a member of the executive council of the Religious Education Association.

## Works

* The Lesson Handbook (annual beginning 1904)
* Stencil Maps and Missionary Chalk Talks (1904)
* The Graded Sunday School in Principle and Practice (1910)
# Governor of Samara Oblast

The Governor of Samara Oblast (Russian: Губернатор Самарской области) is the head of government of Samara Oblast, a federal subject of Russia.
The position was introduced in 1991 as Head of Administration of Samara Oblast. The Governor is elected by direct popular vote for a term of five years and can hold the position for two consecutive terms.

## List of officeholders

| # | Governor | Tenure | Party | Election |
| 1 | Konstantin Titov (born 1944) | 31 August 1991 – 6 April 2000 | Independent | 1996 |
| — | Yury Logoydo (born 1938) | 6 April – 9 July 2000 | Independent | |
| (1) | Konstantin Titov (born 1944) | 9 July 2000 – 27 August 2007 | Union of Right Forces | 2000 2005 |
| (1) | Konstantin Titov (born 1944) | 9 July 2000 – 27 August 2007 | United Russia | 2000 2005 |
| 2 | Vladimir Artyakov (born 1959) | 29 August 2007 – 10 May 2012 | United Russia | 2007 |
| 3 | Nikolay Merkushkin (born 1951) | 12 May 2012 – 6 June 2014 | United Russia | 2012 2014 |
| — | Nikolay Merkushkin (born 1951) | 6 June – 23 September 2014 | United Russia | 2012 2014 |
| (3) | Nikolay Merkushkin (born 1951) | 23 September 2014 – 25 September 2017 | United Russia | 2012 2014 |
| — | Dmitry Azarov (born 1970) | 25 September 2017 – 17 September 2018 | United Russia | 2018 |
| 4 | Dmitry Azarov (born 1970) | 17 September 2018 – 31 May 2024 | United Russia | 2023 |
| — | Vyacheslav Fedorishchev (born 1989) | 31 May 2024 – 13 September 2024 | United Russia | 2024 |
| 5 | Vyacheslav Fedorishchev (born 1989) | Since 13 September 2024 | United Russia | 2024 |
# St Mary's Orthodox Church, Kallooppara

St. Mary's Orthodox Syrian Church (കല്ലൂപ്പാറ പള്ളി) is a parish of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church situated in the small Keralan village of Kallooppara, India.
Yuhanon Chrysostamos became the bishop of the church in 2007.

## Church history
### Establishment

Long ago Christians living in Kallooppara depended on the church at Niranam, 13 miles away. The journey by vallam boat was tedious, tiresome and risky.
The Edappally Kings were ruling at this time. One day the ruling king of Edappally was resting in the Elangalloor Maddom and he saw some people travelling on a small boat, singing melodious hymns and chanting prayers. The king stepped down to the river bank and found it to be a funeral procession that going from Manimala to Niranam Church for the burial, since Niranam Church was the only Christian church in central Travancore at that time.
According to local history, this sight moved the king's heart and allowed him to realize the hardship of his Christian subjects. He pointed to a plot of land on the other side of the river and gave the Christians permission to bury the body and build a church there. Although there is no clear evidence of the origin and age of the church, folklore says that the foundation stone was consecrated on 3rd Karkkidakam (Malayalam calendar). The founding stone of the present church was laid on Malayalam month Karkkidakam 3rd of the year 515 (AD 1339).

### Early challenges

Around AD 1750, the Kalloopara St. Mary's Orthodox church was ordered to be demolished by a judge from Travancore High Court of Quilon, as the church had incurred huge debts. After the court hearings, the judge ordered the church building to be demolished and its land to be taken over by the creditor (Pocku Moosa Haji - Quilon).
Church members travelled across the river and informed Valiya Avirah Tharakan (grandson of Avirah Tharakan of Sankara Puri and Maria/Shri Devi - niece of the Edappally King). Valiya Avirah Tharakan immediately paid off all of its debts by a form of gold "bananas" from the ara ('safe'), and took control of the church and its property.
While holding complete control of Perumpranad district on behalf of the Edappally King, Valiya Avirah Tharakan rebuilt St. Mary's Orthodox Church at his own cost, completing the work circa AD 1755. Some parts of that construction and artwork of the church are still visible inside, particularly the altar and the roof areas.
Later, many parts of the church were renovated and more buildings were built for other activities. Today the church, one of the oldest churches in Travancore, is a center of pilgrimage in the Malankara Orthodox Church.

## Missions

The church runs several groups including MGOCSM, OVBS, Martha Mariam Samajan, prayer groups, youth groups and Sunday schools.
# Scribner Fauver

Scribner Lee Fauver (June 1, 1931 – June 6, 2018) was an American politician who was a member of the Ohio House of Representatives. He died on June 6, 2018, at the age of 87.
# Penrhiw-ceibr

Penrhiw-ceibr (formerly Penrhiwceiber) is an electoral ward in the Cynon Valley, Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales. Its boundaries are coterminous with the village and community of Penrhiwceiber. The ward elects two councillors to Rhondda Cynon Taf County Borough Council.

## Background

Penrhiwceiber was created in 1898 as a ward to Mountain Ash Urban District Council.
Penrhiwceiber was a ward to Cynon Valley Borough Council from 1973, electing two district councillors until 1983 when the representation increased to four councillors.
In 1988 a county ward of Penrhiwceiber was created, electing one councillor to Mid Glamorgan County Council at the 1989 and 1993 elections.
Since 1995 the ward has elected two county councillors to Rhondda Cynon Taf County Borough Council. The ward has been represented since 1995 by councillors from both Labour Party and Plaid Cymru, though both councillors were from Labour between 2004 and 2017.
A review of electoral arrangements by the Local Democracy and Boundary Commission for Wales resulted in the ward being officially renamed 'Penrhiw-ceibr', effective from the May 2022 local elections.

## Election results

Incumbent councillors are marked below with an asterisk (*)

### 2017

In a surprise result at the May 2017 council elections, veteran Labour councillor Jane Ward lost her seat to Gavin Williams, of the new Cynon Valley Party. The other seat was retained by Labour's Adam Fox.
Penrhiwceiber 2017 :
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
| Labour | Adam Fox* | 792 |
| Cynon Valley | Gavin Williams | 751 |
| Labour | Jane Ward* | 648 |
| Plaid Cymru | Ieuan Benney | 371 |
Williams lost his seat in March 2021, due to not attending a council meeting for over 6 months.

### 2021 by-election

A by-election was held on 6 May 2021 to fill the vacancy left by former councillor Gavin Williams' lack of attendance at council meetings. Gavin Williams stood as an Independent at this election, but was beaten into second place by the winning Labour candidate, Ross Williams. Ross Williams was born and raised in Penrhiwceiber.

### 2022

At the May 2022 council elections the two seats were held for the Labour Party by Adam Fox and Ross Williams, who beat the Plaid Cymru candidate into third place.
Penrhiw-ceibr 2022 :
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
| Labour | Ross Williams* | 960 |
| Labour | Adam Fox* | 934 |
| Plaid Cymru | Lea Michael Dempsey | 255 |
# Collision of MSC Prestige and MV Samco Europe

On 7 December 2007, the container ship MSC Prestige (IMO 9321029) collided with a large tanker MV Samco Europe, off the Red Sea traffic separation scheme of Bab-el-Mandeb. Both vessels suffered severe damage at their bows and had to undergo major repairs. The collision caused more than $50 million in damage.
An official report was compiled. The MSC Prestige was subsequently renamed back to MOL Prestige.

## Legal case

The fault was ruled to be due to both vessels, but 60% of the blame was apportioned to the MSC Prestige because it failed to keep a good radar and visual lookout, and failed to substantially take action to stop the collision. The Samco Europe was ruled partially at fault because it failed to have a good lookout when it realized the MSC Prestige was altering course to starboard.
# Rishi Arothe

Rishi Arothe (born 12 November 1995) is an Indian cricketer who plays for Baroda. He made his first-class debut on 30 October in the 2015–16 Ranji Trophy. He made his List A debut on 10 December 2015 in the 2015–16 Vijay Hazare Trophy.
# Jack Sound

Jack Sound is a treacherous body of water between the island of Skomer and the Pembrokeshire coast in west Wales. It is popular with divers.

## Description

The 800 metres (2,600 ft) wide sound is used by boats to avoid a three-mile detour around the island, but it contains numerous reefs and a tidal race of up to 6 knot (unit)s which consequently has resulted in numerous wrecks.
The sound is part of the Skomer Marine Conservation Zone.

## Recorded wrecks

The most popular wreck for divers is the MV Lucy, which sank in good condition in February 1967 after being abandoned by its crew owing to its cargo of calcium carbide. The Netherlands-registered coaster, 52 metres (171 ft), was en route from Uddevalla, Sweden to Barry.
Coflein, the Royal Commission's website records 32 wrecks associated with Jack Sound. One of these was the passenger ship Albion which struck rocks on passage through Jack Sound and was forced to beach further along the coast, where she remains.
# Millu Jaqhi (Oruro)

Millu Jaqhi (Aymara millu a kind of salpeter, jaqhi precipice, cliff, "salpeter cliff", also spelled Millu Jakke) is a 4,076-metre-high (13,373 ft) mountain in the Andes of Bolivia. It is located in the Oruro Department, Challapata Province, Challapata Municipality. Millu Jaqhi lies at the left bank of the Crucero River, west of the village of Ancacato.
# Looper (band)

Looper are a Scottish electronic music group fronted by Belle and Sebastian co-founder Stuart David.
They have been credited with originating two distinct musical genres- Folk Hop, and Horror Pop (later termed Noir'n'B or Switchblade Pop)
The band formed in 1998 for a show at the Glasgow School of Art and released their first single "Impossible Things" on the Subpop label a few months later.
They have released six albums, Up a Tree (1999), The Geometrid (2000), The Snare (2002), Offgrid:Offline (2015), Quiet & Small (2018), A Luminous Place (2023) and a 5-CD box set These Things (2015), as well as a series of EPs titled The MP3 EPs

## Biography

Looper emerged from Belle & Sebastian in 1997, when Stuart David (co-founder and bass player of B&S) and his wife Karn (an artist who directed the early B&S videos) collaborated for a show at Glasgow School of Art. A degree show fundraiser for Stuart’s sister Karla Black – who received a Turner Prize nomination in 2011- the performance was a multi-media affair incorporating TVs, super 8 film, 35mm slides and kinetic sculptures
Their first album, Up a Tree, was released in 1999 on the Sub Pop label in the U.S. and by Jeepster Records in the rest of the world. It was followed in 2000 by The Geometrid on the same labels. After touring the U.S. for three months with The Flaming Lips in 2000 they signed to Mute Records. They have now licensed their full back catalogue to Mute.
Since then, Looper have been releasing their music free to the public at their Looperama website, funding this experiment by licensing the use of their songs in high-profile Hollywood films and ad campaigns. Their most recognizable song is "Mondo '77", from their second album, The Geometrid. It has been featured in American television commercials for Xerox and Partnership for a Drug-Free America, in numerous films including Vanilla Sky and The Edukators, and on the American Dad! episode "All About Steve". Another track from that album, "My Robot", is featured in the film The Girl Next Door. These two songs ("Mondo '77", "My Robot") are also featured in the Xbox video game Project Gotham Racing. The song "Burning Flies", from the album Up a Tree, is part of the soundtrack to the Mission Hill pilot episode. Other films their songs have appeared in include Out Cold, and Dog Park.

## Discography

* Up a Tree (1999)
* The Geometrid (2000)
* The Snare (2002)
* The MP3 EPs (2003-2006)
* Offgrid:Offline (2015)
* These Things (5 CD box set) (2015)
* Quiet & Small (2018)
* A Luminous Place (2023)
# Kumar Boresa

Kumar Boresa (born 25 August 1995) is an Indian cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Sebastianites Cricket and Athletic Club in Tier B of the 2019–20 Premier League Tournament in Sri Lanka on 31 January 2020.
# James Bell (New Hampshire politician)

James Bell (November 13, 1804 – May 26, 1857) was an American politician and a United States Senator from New Hampshire from 1855 until his death in 1857.

## Early life

Born in Francestown, New Hampshire, Bell graduated from Bowdoin College in 1822, studied law at Litchfield Law School, and was admitted to the bar in 1825 and began practice in Gilmanton, New Hampshire.

## Career

From 1831 to 1846 Bell practiced in Exeter, and was a member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives from 1846 to 1850. He was a delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1850, and ran unsuccessfully for Governor of New Hampshire in 1854 and 1855.
Elected as a Republican in July 1855, replacing John S. Wells, who had been appointed following the death of Moses Norris, Jr. Bell served in the United States Senate during the Thirty-fourth United States Congress from July 30, 1855 until his death in 1857.

## Death and legacy

Bell died in Laconia, New Hampshire on May 26, 1857 (age 52 years, 194 days). He is interred at the Exeter Cemetery in Exeter, New Hampshire. There is a cenotaph in his honor at the Congressional Cemetery, Washington, D.C.

## Family life

The son of Samuel Bell and Mehitable Dana Bell, he was the uncle of Samuel Newell Bell and the cousin of Charles Henry Bell. He married Judith A. Upham in 1831 and they had five children, Mary A. Bell White, Eliza U. Bell, Lucy Bell, James Dana Bell, and Charles Upham Bell.
# Nina Qullu

Nina Qullu (Aymara nina fire, qullu mountain, "fire mountain", also spelled Nina Kkollu) is a mountain in the Andes of Bolivia which reaches a height of approximately 4,540 m (14,900 ft). It is located in the Oruro Department, Nor Carangas Province (which is identical to the Huayllamarca Municipality).
# Polyether block amide

Polyether block amide or PEBA is a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). It is known under the tradename of PEBAX® (Arkema) and VESTAMID® E (Evonik Industries). It is a block copolymer obtained by polycondensation of a carboxylic acid polyamide (PA6, PA11, PA12) with an alcohol termination polyether (Polytetramethylene glycol PTMG), PEG). The general chemical structure is:
    HO - (CO - PA - CO - O - PE - O)$_n$ - H
PEBA is a high performance thermoplastic elastomer. It is used to replace common elastomers – thermoplastic polyurethanes, polyester elastomers, and silicones - for these characteristics: lower density among TPE, superior mechanical and dynamic properties (flexibility, impact resistance, energy return, fatigue resistance) and keeping these properties at low temperature (lower than -40 °C), and good resistance against a wide range of chemicals. It is sensitive to UV degradation, however.

## Applications

PEBA is found in the sports equipment market: for damping system components and midsoles of high end shoes (running, track & field, football, baseball, basketball, trekking, etc.) where it is appreciated for its low density, damping properties, energy return and flexibility. PEBA is also appreciated by winter sports participants as it enables design of the lightest alpine and Nordic ski boots while providing some resistance to extreme environment (low temperatures, UV exposure, moisture). It is used in various other sports applications such as racquet grommets and golf balls.
PEBA is used in medical products such as catheters for its flexibility, its good mechanical properties at low and high temperatures, and its softness.
It is also widely used in the manufacture of electric and electronic goods such as cables and wire coatings, electronic device casings, components, etc.
PEBA can be used to make textiles as well as breathable film, fresh feeling fibres or non-woven fabrics.
Some hydrophilic grades of PEBA are also used for their antistatic and antidust properties. Since no chemical additives are required to achieve these properties, products can be recycled at end of life.

## Physical properties

| Properties | Unit | Value |
| Melting Point | °C | 134–174 |
| Density | g/cm$^3$ | 1.00 - 1.03 |
| Water absorption at equilibrium (23 °C, 50% RH) | % | 0.4–0.7 |
| Water absorption at saturation (23 °C, 24H in water) | % | 0.9–1.2 |
| Shore Hardness | Shore D | 25–72 |
| Flexural modulus | MPa | 12–513 |
| Tensile strength at break | MPa | 32-56 |
| Elongation at break | % | 300–750 |
| Impact resistance (Charpy, notched) | kJ/m$^2$ | No break |
| Abrasion resistance (10 N/40 m) | mm$^3$ | 55–130 |
| Surface resistivity | Ω/sq | 10$^9$–10$^{13}$ |
| Volume resistivity | Ω·cm | 10$^9$–10$^{13}$ |