OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mord Roberts

Mord Roberts was the first of only two mayors of the town of Baring Cross, Arkansas (a formerly incorporated municipality in what is now North Little Rock) in the late 19th century.

## Early life

Mord Roberts came to the Baring Cross area in 1893. He was a master mechanic for the Iron Mountain Railway Company, brought in to work at the maintenance shop in Baring Cross. Baring Cross was a small area west of the small city of Argenta and north of the Baring Cross Bridge, which is how the area got its name, and across the Arkansas River from Little Rock, Arkansas. It got started up as a Railroad town, most of its population working for the Iron Mountain Railway Company. In the early 1890s the leaders in Little Rock saw an opportunity to expand it influence and economic bases across the river and annexed the town of Argenta in 1890. With the fear of Little Rock also annexing them, forty-four residents petitioned for the area to be incorporated into a city. On April 8, 1896 the Arkansas Secretary of State approved the incorporation of the city.

## Mayor of Baring Cross

Roberts was elected as mayor on the same day as the city was incorporated and continued the housing projects while also expanding the city by annexing the areas north, east and west of the city. Taking land that Little Rock was going after and moving up to the border of Little Rock's eighth ward, formerly known as Argenta.

## Later life

Roberts continued to serve the area of Baring Cross even after it was annexed by the city of North Little Rock, becoming one of its aldermen. Roberts was later the acting mayor in 1915-1916 due to the leave of Mayor James P. Faucette.
# First Methodist Church (Marshall, Texas)

First Methodist Church (First United Methodist Church; Methodist Episcopal Church of South Marshall) is a ruined historic Methodist church at 300 E. Houston Street in Marshall, Texas. It has also been known as First United Methodist Church and as Methodist Episcopal Church of South Marshall. It is a stuccoed brick Greek Revival-style church with a portico having four monumental square columns; such architecture is rare in Texas. It was added to the National Register in 1980. A fire on the morning of December 9, 2024 destroyed most of the structure and left the building in ruins.
It was documented in 1936 by the Historic American Buildings Survey. The portico was originally topped by a belfry but that was replaced in 1949 by a large octagonal cupola. It was built during 1860 to 1861, probably by slave labor. Its builders included mason Alexander Pope and carpenter Billingon Smalley.
It was expanded in 1949 and in 1958.
Enoch Mather Marvin served at First Methodist and was elevated to Bishop of Trans-Mississippi Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South during his tenure in Marshall. Marvin Methodist Episcopal Church, South in Tyler is named after him.
During the American Civil War, Confederate supplies were stored in the basement and it was the site of organization for the war effort. It was the site of the first conference, in 1862, of the Trans-Mississippi states convened by Confederate President Jefferson Davis. Texas Governor Lubbock, Missouri Governor Jackson, and representatives of Arkansas and Louisiana participated.
* HABS photo of the North face of First Methodist in 1936.
* HABS photo of the West face of First Methodist in 1936.
* North face of First Methodist Church in 2005.
* North and west faces of First Methodist Church in 2015.
* First Methodist burns for the eleventh hour as fire crews from Marshall and Longview fight it as an excavator is brought in to demolish the western wall.
* First Methodist stands in ruins on the afternoon of December 10, 2024 after the fire.
# Al-Khafsah Subdistrict

Al-Khafsah Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية الخفسة) is a subdistrict of Manbij District in Aleppo Governorate of northern Syria. The administrative centre is the town of Al-Khafsah.
At the 2004 census, the subdistrict had a population of 92,368.
# Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 53

Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 53 (P. Oxy. 53) is a report on a persea tree, written in Greek. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a sheet. It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The document was written on 25 February 316. It is housed in the British Library (P.Lond. III 751). The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1898.
The papyrus was written by Aurelius Irenaeus to Valerius Ammonianus on behalf of the guild of carpenters. The measurements of the fragment are 248 by 155 mm.
Pliny described the Egyptian persea tree in his Naturalis Historia XIII, 9,15.
# Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 47

Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 47 (P. Oxy. 47) is about a land distribution (καταλοχισμός) and written by Achilleus, the agent of Pyrrhus (the superintendent of καταλοχισμοί for all of Egypt), in the Greek language. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a sheet. It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The document was written between 83 and 88. It is housed in the British Library (750) in London. The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1898.
The letter is similar to Oxyrhynchus 45 and Oxyrhynchus 46. The measurements of the fragment are 146 by 66 mm. The character of the handwriting is of the late first century, which dates the document to the early part of Domitian's reign.
# Djeffal Fayçal

Djeffal Fayçal is an Algerian professor of Engineering Technology & Applied Sciences at the University of Batna. He is a Member of Arab-German Academy of Sciences and Humanities, a member of IEEE, a fellow of African Academy of Sciences and a beneficiary of Microsoft - TWAS - AAS Award.

## Education

He was born in Batna, Algeria in 1975. He obtained his B.Sc., M. SC and PhD in Electronics from University of Batna in 1998, 2001 and 2006 respectively.

## Scientific contributions

He is known for his contributions in the development of a new way to study nanoscale electronic devices and circuits. His research group is credited with the development of a series of novel soft-computing-based approaches (neural networks, genetic algorithms, particle-swarm computations, neural-space mapping, fuzzy logic, and experts systems) for the modeling of nanoscale electronics devices.

## Academic career

He joined University of Batna in 2003 where he became assistant professor in 2007. In 2012 he became an associate professor and in 2020 he became a professor.

## Fellowship and membership

He is a member of the Scientific Council of the Institute of Electronics, International Association of Engineers and the European Materials Research Society. He is also a Member of Arab-German Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Young The World Academy of Science fellow and a Senior Member of IEEE.

## Awards and honours

He received the Shoman Award for Arab Researchers - Engineering Sciences in 2011, and the Microsoft-TWAS-AAS Award in 2010.
# Spann

Spann is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alexi Spann, American breaststroke swimmer
* Antwain Spann, American football player
* Gloria Carter Spann, sister of former American president Jimmy Carter
* James Spann, American meteorologist
* Johnny Micheal Spann, Central Intelligence Agency paramilitary operations officer
* Othmar Spann, Austrian philosopher
* Otis Spann, American blues musician
* Pervis Spann, American radio broadcaster
* Scott Spann (swimmer), American swimmer
* Silvio Spann, Trinidad and Tobagonian footballer
# Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 61

Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 61 (P. Oxy. 61) is a notice of the payment of a fine, written in Greek. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a sheet. It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The document was written on 18 November 221. Currently it is housed in the Cambridge University Library (MS Add.4037) in Cambridge. The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1898.
The letter was written by strategus Aurelius Sarapion to the government bank at Oxyrhynchus. The measurements of the fragment are 221 by 84 mm.
# Crete (disambiguation)

Crete is a large island in Greece.
Crete may also refer to:

## Places
### Historical

* Ancient Crete
* Battle of Crete
* Byzantine Crete
* Crete and Cyrenaica, Roman province
* Emirate of Crete
* Ottoman Crete
* Venetian Crete
* Cretan State

### Places in the United States

* Crete, Illinois
** Crete-Monee High School
* Crete, Indiana
* Crete, Nebraska
* Crete, an unincorporated town in Sargent County, North Dakota

### Other places

* La Crete, Alberta, Canada
* Črete, a former settlement in Slovenia
* Sea of Crete

## People, figures, and, characters

* Crete Hutchinson (1884–1970), American writer
* Crête, a surname
* Crete (mythology), the name of several figures from Greek mythology

## Other uses

* Crete, a 2004 non-fiction book by Barry Unsworth
* University of Crete
# Anticult (album)

Anticult is the seventh studio album by Polish death metal band Decapitated. It was released on 7 July 2017 by Nuclear Blast. It is the band's only album with bassist Hubert Więcek and their final album with drummer Michał Łysejko.

## Background

Daniel Bergstrand produced drums and mixed the album. Guitarist Wacław "Vogg" Kiełtyka stated about the songwriting process: "[This] album is one that we created together as a band. Our drummer, Michał [Łysejko], [helped] a lot with the arrangements and the songs. He's like the co-author of the songs. It's like I used to do with Vitek [Witold Kiełtyka]."

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Exclaim! | 8/10 |
| Metal Injection | 8.5/10 |
| Sputnikmusic | |
| Terrorizer | 8/10 |
The song "One-Eyed Nation" was premiered by Alternative Press, which the magazine reviewed as "classic Decapitated: killer riffs, interesting leads and an undeniable sense of groove"; and described the band as "remaining one of death metal's elite" bands. Andy Walmsley of Terrorizer praised the album and described the band's development as "one of constant evolution, steadily incorporating more elements of groove, thrash, tech, and prog over the years, with every new album signifying a conscious state-change from the one before it." He concluded that Decapitated are "on their quest towards becoming the quintessential modern metal band."

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Rafał "Rasta" Piotrowski; all music is composed by Wacław "Vogg" Kiełtyka and Michał Łysejko

## Personnel

Decapitated
* Rafał "Rasta" Piotrowski – vocals
* Wacław "Vogg" Kiełtyka – guitars, bass, piano
* Michał Łysejko – drums
* Hubert Więcek – bass
Production
* Daniel Bergstrand – drums production, mixing
* Wacław "Vogg" Kiełtyka – production
* Jan Galbas – engineering
* Tomasz "Zed" Zalewski – engineering
* Lukasz Lukaszewski – assistant engineer
* Lawrence Mackrory – mastering
* Lukasz Jaszak – cover art and layout
* Oskar Szramka – photography

## Charts

| Chart (2017) | Peak position |
| Polish Albums (ZPAV) | 4 |
| Scottish Albums (OCC) | 50 |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 58 |
| US Independent Albums (Billboard) | 8 |
| US Heatseekers Albums (Billboard) | 2 |
# Mohamed T. El-Ashry

Mohamed T. El-Ashry was the first Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Global Environment Facility (GEF), and subsequently a Senior Fellow with the UN Foundation.

## Education

Mohamed T. El-Ashry obtained his Bachelor of Science degree in 1959 from the University of Cairo, and a Master of Science in 1963 and Doctor of Philosophy in Geology, in 1966, from the University of Illinois.

## Career

El-Ashry was a lecturer and researcher at Cairo University, Pan-American-U.A.R. Oil Company, Wilkes University, and the Environmental Defense Fund. After that, he became a Senior Vice President of the World Resources Institute (WRI) and as the Director of Environmental Quality with the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA).
He later joined World Bank where he held the position of Chief Environmental Advisor (1991–1993), Chief Environmental Advisor to the President (1993–1994), and Chief Executive Officer and Chairman (1994–2003). From World Bank, he joined Global Environment Facility (GEF) where he became the CEO and Chairman of the organisation for eleven years (1991-2002).
El-Ashry research focused on water resource management, environmental resource management and development, and energy policies that promotes renewable energy.

## Fellowship and membership

El-Ashry was elected a Fellow of the Geological Society of America, a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, a Fellow of the Third World Academy of Sciences in 1990, and a Fellow of the African Academy of Sciences in 2001, and a Senior Fellow with the UN Foundation.
He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences since 2012 advising on renewable energy, and a board member World Wide Fund for Nature, Resources for the Future, and Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century.
# Georg Dietrich Leyding

Georg Dietrich Leyding (or Leiding) (German:; 23 February 1664 – 10 May 1710) was a German composer and organist associated with the North German school.
Born in Bücken, close to Nienburg, his father was a riding master in the French lifeguards. Showing an early ability in music, he moved to Braunschweig (Brunswick) in 1679 to study with organist Jacob Bölsche and in 1684 studied briefly with both Johann Adam Reincken and Dieterich Buxtehude in Hamburg and Lübeck. He returned to Braunschweig the same year, where he succeeded Bölsche as organist of the St Ulrich and St Blasius churches after Bölsche's death, and later also became organist of the Magnikirche. Towards the end of the 1680s, he learned composition from the Hofkapellmeister of Wolfenbüttel, Johann Theile. Leyding died in Braunschweig.
J. G. Walther wrote in his Musicalisches Lexicon that he was 'primarily a composer for the organ', but of the 'many extant keyboard pieces' that Leyding wrote, only five are now known, all for organ. Three are preludes, in B-flat major, C major, and E-flat major, which have significant pedal parts; a setting of the chorale Wie schön leucht’ uns der Morgenstern; and a set of chorale variations on Von Gott will ich nicht lassen. They are published in an edition by K. Beckmann as Sämtliche Orgelwerke (Wiesbaden, 1984).

## Sources

Walter, Horst (2001). "Leyding [Leiding], Georg Dietrich". Grove Music Online (8th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.16339. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. .
# Victor Andreevich Toponogov

Victor Andreevich Toponogov (Russian: Ви́ктор Андре́евич Топоно́гов; March 6, 1930 – November 21, 2004) was an outstanding Russian mathematician, noted for his contributions to differential geometry and so-called Riemannian geometry "in the large".

## Biography

After finishing secondary school in 1948, Toponogov entered the department of Mechanics and Mathematics at Tomsk State University, graduated with honours in 1953, and continued as a graduate student there until 1956. He moved to an institution in Novosibirsk in 1956 and lived in that city for the rest of his career. Since the institution at Novosibirsk had not yet been fully credentialed, he had defended his Ph.D. thesis at Moscow State University in 1958, on a subject in Riemann spaces. Novosibirsk State University was established in 1959. In 1961, Toponogov became a professor at a newly created Institute of Mathematics and Computing in Novosibirsk affiliated with the state university.
Toponogov's scientific interests were influenced by his advisor Abram Fet, who taught at Tomsk and later at Novosibirsk. Fet was a well-recognized topologist and specialist in variational calculus in the large. Toponogov's work was also strongly influenced by the work of Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov. Later, the class of metric spaces known as CAT(k) spaces would be named after Élie Cartan, Aleksandrov and Toponogov.
Toponogov published over forty papers and some books during his career. His works are concentrated in Riemannian geometry "in the large". A significant number of his students also made notable contributions in this field.

## Conjecture on Complete Convex Surfaces

In 1995 Toponogov made the conjecture:
   On a complete convex surface S homeomorphic to a plane the following equality holds:
   $\inf _{p\in S}|\kappa _{2}(p)-\kappa _{1}(p)|=0,$
   where $\kappa _{1}$ and $\kappa _{2}$ are the principal curvatures of S.
In words, it states that every complete convex surface homeomorphic to a plane must have an umbilic point which may lie at infinity. As such, it is the natural open analog of the Carathéodory conjecture for closed convex surfaces.
In the same paper, Toponogov proved the conjecture under either of two assumptions: the integral of the Gauss curvature is less than $2\pi$, or the Gauss curvature and the gradients of the curvatures are bounded on S. The conjecture was proven by Brendan Guilfoyle and Wilhelm Klingenberg in 2024 for $C^{3,\alpha }$-smooth surfaces.
# Judith Forstmann

Selva Judit Forstmann (1945 - 10 April 2009) was an Argentine Justicialist Party politician. She sat in the Argentine Senate representing Santa Cruz Province in the majority block of the Front for Victory.
Forstmann was educated in Buenos Aires and La Plata. She moved to the oil town Caleta Olivia in 1973 and worked locally in education and the arts. She became a city councillor in 1991.
In 1993 Forstmann was elected to the provincial legislature of Santa Cruz. She was re-elected in 1997, 1999 and 2003. In the Santa Cruz Chamber of Deputies she was vice-president of the Justicialist Party block from 1995, 2nd vice-president of the Chamber from 1999 and 1st vice-president from 2006. Due to various resignations and vacancies, she was acting President of the Chamber that year, and as a consequence was de facto vice-governor of the province. She was appointed to the national Senate in 2007 to fill the vacancy left since Alicia Kirchner left to join the government of President Néstor Kirchner in August 2006.
On 10 April 2009, Forstmann and her husband were travelling in a four-wheel drive in Santa Cruz with a fishing guide. The car was swept away by the current of the river Barrancosa . The two men were saved but Forstmann was dragged away and was found dead the next morning.
# Desosamine

Desosamine is a 3-(dimethylamino)-3,4,6-trideoxyhexose found in certain macrolide antibiotics (contain a high level of microbial resistance) such as the commonly prescribed erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithroymcin, methymycin, narbomycin, oleandomycin, picromycin and roxithromycin. As the name suggests, these macrolide antibiotics contain a macrolide or lactone ring and they are attached to the ring desosamine which is crucial for bactericidal activity. The biological action of the desosamine-based macrolide antibiotics is to inhibit the bacterial ribosomal protein synthesis. These antibiotics which contain desosamine are widely used to cure bacterial-causing infections in human respiratory system, skin, muscle tissues, and urethra.

## Discovery

Although desosamine has been found in many macrolide antibiotics, the complete chemical structure of desosamine was not determined until 1962. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy data was used to establish the complete configuration of desosamine. The hydrogen atoms at the C1,C2,C3, and C5 positions are all found to be axial.

## Biosynthesis

Six enzymes are required for desosamine biosynthesis from TDP-glucose in Streptomyces venezuelae. In addition to the required enzymes, there are eight important open reading frames known as the des regions, they are desI~desVIII, these eight frames are the necessary genes used in desosamine biosynthesis, among the 8 des regions, the desI gene implements C-4 Deoxygenation by the enzymatic activity of dehydrase.

## Degradation

Degradation of several of the aforementioned antibiotics yields the desosamine sugar. It is found in combination with the smaller macrolide rings, always attached at C-3 or C-5 of the aglycone. Alkaline degradation found the sugar to be a D-hexose derivative. Glycosidic cleavage of methomycin produces aglycone methynolide and the basic sugar desosamine, whose structure had been determined by oxidative degradation to crotonaldehyde and by other experiments.

## Drug resistance

Macrolide antibiotics that contain desosamine as an amino sugar in their chemical structures sometimes encounter drug-resistant bacteria. The target-site modification can result in changing chemical structure of the antibiotics, for example, a methylation mutation, which will block the drug from normally functioning.
# The Essential Eric Carmen

The Essential Eric Carmen is a two-disc compilation album that contain 15 tracks each by American soft rock singer, songwriter, guitarist and keyboardist Eric Carmen, released on March 25, 2014. It is part of Sony BMG's Essential series of compilation albums and includes tracks from Carmen's solo output, as well as tracks from his Raspberries days and Cyrus Erie. The tracks consist of some of Carmen's biggest hits and popular album 1968 as leader of American band Cyrus Erie through his 1984 release Eric Carmen.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| American Songwriter | |
Tony Peters from Iconfetch says: "Most music today is consumed through lousy quality ear buds or computer speakers. Yet, once in a while, a remaster comes along that sounds so good, you'll want to dust off that old CD player to get the full experience. The Essential Eric Carmen is the first two-disc collection to span the talented singer/songwriter's entire career. And, it's one of those rare CDs where the sonic improvement is so noticeable, you'll find yourself hearing things you never heard before.
Stephen Thomas Erlewine from AllMusic says: "That means that this collection does indeed have almost everything of note, from the big Raspberries hits 'Go All the Way' and 'Overnight Sensation (Hit Record),' through the '70s solo smashes 'All by Myself' and 'Never Gonna Fall in Love Again,' through those late-'80s sensations 'Hungry Eyes' and 'Make Me Lose Control.'"
David Luhrssen from Shepherd Express wrote: "The real surprise on The Essential Eric Carmen is the opening 1969 track from his first recording act, "Cyrus Erie," with its excellent approximation of the mid-'60s Beatles' sound.
The Second Disc says: "The first track on Legacy Recordings' new double-disc anthology The Essential Eric Carmen (Arista/Legacy 88883745522) is titled, appropriately enough, "Get the Message." And the message relayed by its 30 nuggets comes through loud and clear: whether as power pop prince, classically-inspired MOR balladeer or nostalgic yet contemporary eighties rocker, Eric Carmen had the goods."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Eric Carmen, except where noted.