OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tõnis Rotberg

Tõnis Rotberg (9 September 1882 in Viljandi Parish, Kreis Fellin, Governorate of Livonia – 24 July 1953 in Tayshet, Russian SFSR) was an Estonian general.

## Biography

Rotberg was born in Viljandi and attended Vilnius military school to become an officer in the Imperial Russian Army, as Estonia at the time was part of the Russian Empire. He became a lieutenant in 1909. During the Estonian War of Independence, Rotberg became a lieutenant colonel in the Estonian Army and was the Head of Army Supplies between 1918 and 1938. In 1928, he was promoted to the rank of Major-General.
In 1938–1940, Rotberg was Deputy Minister of War. On 21 June 1940, he was appointed Minister of War in Johannes Vares' cabinet after the occupation of the Baltic states by the Soviet Union. He held this position until the cabinet was replaced by the Council of People's Commissars of the Estonian SSR on 25 August 1940.
Rotberg was then transferred to the Red Army and fought in the Great Patriotic War. He was taken prisoner by Wehrmacht forces near the town of Porkhov in July 1941, but released in July 1942 after promising not to take up arms against the Germans.
After the Soviet Union re-occupied the Baltic states in September 1944, Rotberg was arrested by the NKVD in Tallinn. He was accused of participating in hostilities against the Red Army in 1919, of surrender to the Wehrmacht without resistance in 1941, and of living in German-occupied Estonia without taking up arms against the occupiers after his release from captivity. On 19 October 1951, he was sentenced to 25 years in prison. Rotberg died on 24 July 1953 in prison in Tayshet. He was posthumously rehabilitated on 31 October 1957.
He was awarded the Cross of Liberty for Military Leadership (Second class) in 1921 and the Order of Polonia Restituta (Fourth class) in 1925.
# Altyn Dala Conservation Initiative

The Altyn Dala Conservation Initiative (ADCI) is a partnership between the Association for the Conservation of Biodiversity of Kazakhstan (ACBK), the Government of Kazakhstan, Fauna and Flora, Frankfurt Zoological Society (FZS), and the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds. The Initiative’s aim is to support the conservation of steppe and semi-desert ecosystems across Kazakhstan.
In 2024 it was awarded The Earthshot Prize in the Protect and Restore Nature category.

## Background

ADCI is jointly initiated by Association for the Conservation of the Biodiversity of Kazakhstan (ACBK), the Committee of Forestry and Wildlife of the Ministry of Agriculture (Kazakhstan), Frankfurt Zoological Society, Fauna and Flora International and the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds. The program includes the whole area of around 50 to 60 million hectares, which corresponds to the distribution range of the Betpak-Dala Saiga antelope community in Central Kazakhstan.
The effort also hopes to reintroduce the Turkmenian kulan and Przewalski's horse, although the primary focus has been on the conservation of native saiga populations.

### Conservation of Kulans

Currently, a program under ADCI is preparing a tiny population of endangered kulans for release into the wild. In 2017, a first batch of nine animals was released into an acclimatisation cage on the outskirts of the protected area of Altyn Dala. The creatures were carried 1200 kilometres by helicopter from Altyn-Emel National Park in the country's southeast.
# Shirana Shahbazi

Shirana Shahbazi (Persian: شیرانا شهبازی; born 1974) is an Iranian-born photographer who now lives in Switzerland. Her work includes installations and large prints of conceptual photography.

## Biography

Born in Tehran, Shahbazi moved to Germany in 1985, studying photography and design at the University of Applied Sciences and Arts in Dortmund from 1995 to 1997. From 1997 to 2000, Shahbazi attended the Zurich University of the Arts, in Switzerland, specializing in photography. She currently lives and works in Zurich. Her first successful sequence Goftare Nik/Good Words of color photographs taken in Iran (published as a book in 2001 with Hatje Cantz) led to the Citibank Private Bank Photography Prize in 2002. In 2002, she presented a series of images of Switzerland titled The Garden. At the Venice Biennale in 2003, she presented The Annunciation, an enormous installation in the central pavilion with murals by Iranian painters based on her photographs and a ceiling of lilies. She is the recipient of 2019 Prix Meret Oppenheim.

## Work

Presented as an installation, her Meanwhile series (2007), combines everyday images of landscapes, portraits and still lifes from her world travels, one of her images expanded to poster size by an Iranian billboard artist. Other photographs are reproduced as paintings or even carpets. The exhibition Then Again (2012) at the Fotomuseum Winterthur presents 18 large-format works demonstrating how a photograph can be transformed from a depiction of reality into a geometric abstraction. As discussed by Adam Jasper's review in Artforum, Shahbazi's photographs are true abstractions in that they are less a representational photograph than they are actual objects themselves, highly constructed. Continuing to work in analog photographic methods, some of Shabazi's newest works exist as geometric shapes captured on polished mirrors with thin films of color.

## Art Projects

Shahabazi also works on projects in public spaces. In 2005, she participated in a poster campaign in Zurich's Hardau district. At the construction site of the Swisscom Tower in Ostermundigen during the renovation from early to mid-2020, Shahabazi and the Danish-born and Zurich-resided artist Cristian Andersen created a geometric installation made of ceramic plates. In 2024, she started a replacement of a racist and colonialist mural dating from 1949 in the Wylergut schoolhouse in Bern, which is to be completed by the school's students over three years.

## Exhibitions

Shahbazi's work has been widely exhibited all over the world. In 2007, Shabhazi exhibited Meanwhile at the Swiss Institute in New York City and at the Barbican Art Gallery London, in 2008. Shahbazi is represented by Galerie Peter Kilchmann, Zurich. The exhibition Monstera at Kunsthalle Bern in 2014 was curated by Fabrice Stroun and Tenzing Barshee. The artist has been exhibiting regularly since 1997, with her most recent solo exhibition at Kunsthaus Hamburg, in Germany in 2018. Numerous photographs are held in the collection of The Museum of Modern Art, New York.
# Thomas E. Hill (politician)

Tom Hill is a former member of the Ohio House of Representatives, serving from 1967 to 1970.

## Biography

Other than being a politician, Thomas Hill was also a painter, painter, and worked for Cook Coffee Company. Hill attended West Virginia State University and Case Western Reserve University. He had 3 children with his wife, Eloise Hill.
Before becoming a state representative, he took part in local politics and community organizations. Namely:
* Sixth District Citizens Committee
* the Glenville Area Council
* the Metropolitan Civil Association
* the Glenville Civic Association
* the 27th Ward Democratic Club
* National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
* political action club CHAMPS
* Young Men's Christian Association
In 1966, he won the state legislature election in the 41st district of the Ohio House of Representatives, and served from 1967 to 1970.
# Dowtujahan

Dowtujahan (Persian: دوتوجهان, also Romanized as Dowtūjahān; also known as Dotūjahān) is a village in Jaydasht Rural District, in the Central District of Firuzabad County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 90, in 15 families.
# Emergency Action Message

In the United States military's strategic nuclear weapon nuclear command and control (NC2) system, an Emergency Action Message (EAM) is a preformatted message that directs nuclear-capable forces to execute specific Major Attack Options (MAOs) or Limited Attack Options (LAOs) in a nuclear war. They are the military commands that the US military chain of command would use to launch a nuclear strike. Individual countries or specific regions may be included or withheld in the EAM, as specified in the Single Integrated Operational Plan (SIOP). The SIOP was updated annually until February 2003, when it was replaced by Operations Plan (OPLAN) 8044. Since July 2012, the US nuclear war plan has been OPLAN 8010-12, Strategic Deterrence and Force Employment.

## Overview

EAMs use cryptographic protocols (including such methods as digital signatures) to authenticate the messages, thereby ensuring that they cannot be forged or altered.
In the United States, the EAM will be issued from the National Military Command Center (NMCC) at the Pentagon or, if it has been destroyed by an enemy first strike, by the Alternate National Military Command Center - Site R at Raven Rock, Pennsylvania or by the U.S. Air Force E-4B Nightwatch aircraft/U.S. Navy E-6A Mercury aircraft (TACAMO).
The messages are sent in digital format to nuclear-capable major commands. The messages are then relayed to aircraft that are on alert by the U.S. Strategic Command at Offutt Air Force Base in Omaha, Nebraska, via single-sideband modulation radio transmitters of the High Frequency Global Communications System (formerly known as the Global High Frequency System). The EAM is relayed to missile-firing nuclear submarines via special transmitters designed for communication with submarines. The transmitters include those designed to operate at Very Low Frequency (VLF). The submarines pick up the message via special antennas. Nuclear-capable forces will then be expected to carry out an EAM without fail. Crewed bombers may be recalled, but missiles fired from land-based silos or from submarines cannot be recalled.

## Skyking messages

Skyking messages, also known as "Foxtrot Broadcasts", are also read on the same network as EAMs. These messages will interrupt an EAM if needed to be read. They contain a higher priority and time-sensitive code for orders that need immediate attention.

## In popular culture

The EAM system was featured extensively and used as one of the primary plot devices in the feature film Crimson Tide.
The start of a Sky King headed EAM message is briefly heard on the cockpit radio when the bomber crew are scrambled in the feature film By Dawn's Early Light.
# George Goodwin Jr.

George Goodwin Jr. (April 23, 1786 – February 8, 1878) was an American publisher, businessman, and politician.
Goodwin was the fourth child and third son of George Goodwin and Mary (Edwards) Goodwin, of Hartford, where he was born, April 23, 1786.
He graduated from Yale College in 1806. At the time of his death he was, with the exception of one of his classmates, the oldest living graduate of the college. Two of his brothers graduated there in 1807 and 1823.
Soon after leaving college he went into the grocery business in Hartford, in which he continued till about 1816. In 1818 the firm of Hudson & Goodwin, of which his father was a member, was dissolved, and the firm of George Goodwin & Sons succeeded to the business of printing, publishing and bookselling—the leading interest then being the issue of the Connecticut Courant, a weekly paper, of which they retained control until 1836, and for which, as well as for other publications, they manufactured the paper at their mill in East Hartford. To give more attention to this manufacture, which gradually became their leading business, George Goodwin Jr. removed to East Hartford in 1821, where he spent an active and useful life until 1861, when the mills passed into other hands. Soon after this his sight began to fail, and in 1868 he became totally blind. He bore this trial with Christian submission, keeping up to the last his interest in books and general affairs. He represented East Hartford three times in the Connecticut Legislature. He died at his home in Burnside, East Hartford, Conn., February 8, 1878.
He was married, Nov. 25, 1809, to Maria, eldest daughter of Andrew Kingsbury, of Hartford, who died in 1851. Of their ten children, six survived him.
This article incorporates public domain material from the Yale Obituary Record.
# Bernalillo High School

Bernalillo High School is a public high school in Bernalillo, New Mexico, United States. The school is a part of the Bernalillo Public Schools district and is the only high school in the district. The mascot is the Spartan.

## Service area

The service area of its school district, and therefore the high school itself, includes most of Bernalillo as well as Algodones, Cochiti, Cochiti Lake, La Madera, Peña Blanca, Placitas, Pueblo of Sandia Village, San Felipe Pueblo, Santo Domingo Pueblo, and most of Santa Ana Pueblo.

## Athletics

Bernalillo High School competes in the District 2-AAAA.
In 2023, the high school posthumously honored Benny Shendo Sr. who won the state mile with a time of 4.44 (for all schools, regardless of size) in 1953, becoming the first state champion for Bernalillo High, with an honorary diploma. (The spring after his championship, Benny's grandfather died, requiring Benny to leave school to help run the family farm. He was then drafted to serve in the Korean War and never finished his diploma.)
# Princess Margaret Road

Princess Margaret Road (Chinese: 公主道; lit. "Princess Road") is a road in Kowloon, Hong Kong, forming a part of Route 1.
Originally called Nairn Road (楠道) with the English name after a town in Scotland and the Chinese name after the nanmu trees that grew there, the road was renamed to commemorate the 1966 visit to Hong Kong of Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon.
Princess Margaret Road starts near at Gascoigne Road, runs northward, cutting through the hills between Quarry Hill, No. 12 Hill and Ho Man Tin proper, and reaches the intersection of Argyle Street and Waterloo Road.
Depicted in the movie The Legend of Speed, it actually is a popular road for illegal street racing.
# Babinec, Slovakia

Babinec (Hungarian: Babarét) is a village and municipality in the Rimavská Sobota District of the Banská Bystrica Region of Slovakia. Locals are now engaged in agriculture and fruit growing. The village is home to a classical lutheran church from the 18th century.

## History

A Bronze Age treasure has been excavated in the village. The current village arose in the 13th century from an older settlement. In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1407 as Babalawka. It belonged to the noble families Derencsényi and Széchy. In the 17th century it passed to the Muráň town. Inhabitants had been engaged in agriculture and fruit growing, in winter in basketry and in production of tools for agriculture and weaving.

## Etymology

The village belongs to places with quaint names in Slovakia. In Slovak, Babinec "A place of girls, women". Even today in there are more women than men in the village. Every year the mayor organises a gathering of people with the surname Babinec.

## Genealogical resources

The records for genealogical research are available at the state archive in Banská Bystrica (Slovak: Štátny archív v Banskej Bystrici).
* Roman Catholic church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1769-1851
* Lutheran church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1770-1866 (parish: B), 1867-1896 (parish: C)
* Census records 1869 of Babinec are not available at the state archive.
# Leroy Peterson

Leroy Peterson is a former member of the Ohio House of Representatives.
# Alline Banks Sprouse

Alline Banks Sprouse (June 26, 1921 – March 11, 2018) was a basketball player and is a member of the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame (enshrined in 2000).

## Early life

Sprouse was born in Manchester, Tennessee, United States. She played basketball while in grammar school, but when she reached high school, her local high school, Manchester High, did not have a girls team. There were family members living in Murfreesboro, about 30 miles from Manchester, so she stayed with family and attended Buchanan High which did have a girls team. At this time, the game was played on a court laid out in the same way as established by the founder of the game Senda Berenson in 1891. The rule "divides the court into three equal sections and requires players to stay in their section". Because Sprouse was tall for her age, and the Buchanan coaches did not know her ability, she was assigned to the center section. In fairness, Sprouse wasn't even sure she had a chance to make the team so wasn't in a position to push for the higher profile forward position. However, one of the forwards on the team came down sick and the coach was forced to give Sprouse a chance at the forward position. She scored 42 points in that game. Later, she would explain, "From then on I was a forward".
She was a starter for all four years of her high school career, averaging 36 points a game as a senior.

## AAU

She enrolled at Nashville Business College at the age of 16 before even graduating from high school to play on their AAU team. In her first year on the team she earned All-American honorable mention. In the 12 years between 1939 and 1950 she was named an All-American 11 times. In 1940, while still a teenager, Sprouse helped Nashville Business College upset the top-seeded (and defending champion) Galveston Anicos in the semi-finals. Despite losing to the Little Rock Travelers, led by Hazel Walker, in the finals, Sprouse's performance was strong enough to earn the MVP honors for the tournament. She would go on to win the MVP honors seven times.
She injured her right shoulder in one game, so seriously that she was having difficulty moving her arm. The doctor came to see her in our hotel room and informed her that she would not be able to play the next day. That wasn't acceptable to Sprouse, so she directed the doctor to tape her right arm to her body. Despite being right-handed, she played the next day with the right arm taped against her body and scored 56 points.
# Dasht-e Khak

Dasht-e Khak (Persian: دشت خاك) is a village in, and the capital of, Dasht-e Khak Rural District of the Central District of Zarand County, Kerman province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 3,328 in 835 households. The following census in 2011 counted 3,618 people in 1,034 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 3,404 people in 1,023 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
# Shohei Otomo

Shohei Otomo (Japanese: 大友昇平, Hepburn: Ōtomo Shōhei, born 1980), sometimes stylized professionally as SHOHEI, is a Japanese artist known for his drawings with ballpoint pens.

## Early life

Shohei Otomo was born in 1980 and grew up in Tokyo. He is the son of manga artist Katsuhiro Otomo and his wife, Yoko. Starting at three or four years old, Otomo began drawing every day. He always envisioned that he would become an artist. His father did not give him drawing advice or lessons, and Shohei unsuccessfully tried to avoid being influenced by his artistic style, saying, "I had no intention of being influenced by my father, but now I see the influence in my work."

## Career
### Medium

Shohei Otomo studied oil painting while attending Tama Art University, but switched to ballpoint pens to create ink art, as oil paints are expensive. He prefers ink pens to pencils, as pencils left a silvery finish he found undesirable. He uses "ordinary ballpoints that you can buy anywhere for about 80 yen". Additionally, he uses permanent markers for coloring in objects. He creates the drawings on paperboard, though, at one gallery exhibition in Japan, he applied acrylic paint to a human model in a live sketching session. He spends up to a month on an illustration. A 2017 exhibition in Australia marked his first use of sculpture: He designed a sumo wrestler, which he then illustrated with tattoo-like graphics.

### Inspiration and symbolism

Otomo's work blends references to ukiyo-e, a kind of traditional Japanese art, and clichés that the rest of the world has about Japan. The works often contain tension between opposing concepts, such as traditionalism and progress, the Eastern and Western worlds, or order and chaos. His work is inspired by the stress of Tokyo, a city he finds "suffocating".

### Style

Otomo's illustrations are described as hyperrealistic with cyberpunk elements. When including human figures in his art, he tends to cover their eyes with goggles, justifying this by saying, "if you show the eyes, the character’s presence overwhelms the picture". The only colors present in his art are black, white, and red, which he states is inspired by the color combination's use in ancient Japanese makeup: "the only colors used were red, black, and white: red lipstick, black teeth—Japanese women used to paint their teeth black—and white powder."

### Exhibitions

His first art exhibition was in the US at DalArts gallery in Kansas City in the early 2000s. In 2012, he had his first art exhibition in Australia with an exhibition called Fool's Paradise. In 2017, he had this third gallery exhibition in Australia. Australian gallery director Alexander Mitchell of Backwoods Gallery called Otomo "most talented person I know", saying, "His technique is incredible, his work is flawless and his imagery is awe inspiring."
He has additionally had his work displayed in exhibitions in France, Italy, and Mexico.
# Qullpani (Potosí)

Qullpani (Aymara qullpa saltpeter, -ni a suffix, "the one with saltpeter", also spelled Kollpani) is a 4,168-metre-high (13,675 ft) mountain in the Andes of Bolivia. It is located in the Potosí Department, Nor Chichas Province, Cotagaita Municipality.
# Diego de Muros (bishop of Ciudad Rodrigo)

Diego de Muros (also Diego de Moiras) (1405–1492) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Ciudad Rodrigo (1487–1492) and Bishop of Tui (1472–1487). He was one of three bishops of Spain of the same name who served contemporaneously, the others being Diego de Muros (Bishop of Islas Canarias) and Diego de Muros (bishop of Oviedo).

## Biography

Diego de Muros was born in Muros, A Coruña, Spain and ordained a priest in the Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy. On 15 June 1472, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Sixtus IV as Bishop of Tui. On 31 January 1473, he was consecrated bishop by Šimun Vosić, Archbishop of Bar, with Deodato Bocconi, Bishop of Ajaccio, and Giovanni Andrea de Bussi, Bishop of Aleria, serving as co-consecrators. On 1 June 1487, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Innocent VIII as Bishop of Ciudad Rodrigo. He served as Bishop of Ciudad Rodrigo until his death in 1492.