OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cynthia L. Quarterman

Cynthia L. Quarterman is an American lawyer and engineer, former Director of the Minerals Management Service and Administrator of the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration from 2009 until her resignation on October 4, 2014.

## Early life and education

Quarterman was born to the late Bernice and Rudolph Quarterman in Savannah, Georgia. She attended A. E. Beach High School, where she graduated with honors in 1979. She studied Industrial Engineering and graduated with a B.S. from Northwestern University in 1983, and worked for a year as an engineer for IBM in Owego, New York. In 1987, she obtained a J.D. degree from the Columbia University School of Law. While at Columbia, she had served as Executive Editor of the Columbia Journal of Environmental Law.

## Career

In 1988, Quarterman joined Steptoe & Johnson LLP in Washington, D.C. before joining government service. From 1992 to 1995, she served in various capacities at Department of Interior, including as Deputy Director of MMS, and as a member of the Office of Surface Mining's Interim Management Team.
She was Director of the Minerals Management Service in the US Department of the Interior from March 1995 to March 1999 during the Clinton Administration. In that capacity, she administered the programs to manage the mineral resources located on the nation's Outer Continental Shelf, including leasing, exploration, development, and production of oil, natural gas, sulfur, and other minerals, and to collect and distribute revenues for oil, gas, coal, geothermal, and mineral development on Federal and Indian lands. She was responsible for ensuring compliance with many environmental laws, including the National Environmental Policy Act, the Clean Air Act, the Coastal Zone Management Act, and the Endangered Species Act.
In September 1999, she returned to Steptoe & Johnson LLP as a partner in the Regulatory & Industry Affairs department focusing on litigation and administrative law. She litigated and advised clients on matters associated with pipeline safety, royalty valuation, federal land minerals management, pipeline acquisitions, Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) oil and natural gas facilities, the jurisdictional status of pipeline assets, as well as surface transportation, alternative energy and telecommunications.
Quarterman was a member of the Obama Administration Transition Team at the US Department of Energy. On August 14, 2009, she was nominated by President Barack Obama as Administrator of the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, confirmed by the US Senate on November 5, 2009 and sworn in by Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood. She resigned on October 4, 2014.
Since 2014, she has been a Distinguished Fellow at The Atlantic Council's Global Energy Center.

## Personal life

She is married to Pantelis Michalopoulos, a partner at Steptoe & Johnson; their daughter Charis was born in 2006. They currently reside in Washington, D.C. .
# Bill Hughes (cricketer)

William John Hughes (14 November 1859 – 4 December 1934) was a New Zealand cricketer who played first-class cricket for Hawke's Bay from 1892 to 1906.
Hughes was born in Invercargill and lived for some years in Timaru. A medium-paced bowler, he was one of the leading players for South Canterbury in the 1880s before moving to Napier in 1891. He took 5 for 40 and 2 for 29 for Hawke's Bay against Auckland in 1894-95. His best first-class figures were 6 for 80 in the first innings against Wellington in 1898-99; he had taken the only wicket to fall in the second innings when rain washed out the rest of the match.
Hughes worked as a law clerk for a firm of solicitors in Napier. He died in December 1934, survived by his wife and their two daughters. He was still playing club cricket in Napier, and taking wickets, a few days before his death at the age of 75.
# Kel-Tec PF-9

The Kel-Tec PF-9 is a 9 mm caliber, recoil operated, locked breech, double action only, semi-automatic pistol based on (and sharing many parts with) Kel-Tec's earlier P-11 and P-3AT models. Kel-Tec claims the PF-9 is the flattest and lightest 9 mm pistol ever mass-produced. It was designed as a concealment and backup weapon for law enforcement and for civilian concealed carry. Kel-Tec first announced the PF-9 on February 9, 2006, and the new pistol was released into the market in the fall of 2006. The PF9 was discontinued following the introduction of the P15.

## Design details

The PF-9 is manufactured in Cocoa, Florida, by Kel-Tec CNC Industries. Featuring extensive use of computer numerical control (CNC) manufacturing techniques, its six main components consist of the barrel, slide, frame, grip, trigger group, and magazine. The barrel is manufactured of SAE/AISI 4140 steel hardened to 48 RHC, and the slide is constructed of the same steel. The trigger group consists of a solid machined 7075-T56 aluminum billet. A transfer bar system connects the hammer and trigger. A firing pin block safety is incorporated which prevents accidental discharge if the pistol is dropped. The long double-action-only trigger pull provides an additional safety feature. The pistol includes a slide hold-open feature which locks the slide in its rearmost position after the last round is fired. The frame is made of DuPont ST-8018 polymer and holds the steel, 7-round, single-column magazine. The sights consist of a fixed front blade and a windage-adjustable notched rear sight. Three white dots highlight the sights for optimum visibility in low-light conditions, and this gun includes an accessory rail for mounting lights and lasers.
The PF-9 uses many parts originally designed for Kel-Tec's P-11 and P-3AT models, and is a compromise between those pistols. From the P-11, the PF-9 uses a slightly modified barrel, trigger, ejector, and front sight. The P-3AT parts used in the PF-9 include the extractor and various springs. The grip is available in a variety of colors, while the slide is available in blued, Parkerized, ceramic (Cerakote), and hard chromed finishes. The PF-9 is shipped with an extended magazine floorplate, an Allen wrench for adjusting the rear sight, and an owner's manual.
# Young Columbians

The Young Columbians are a theater troupe established by Toby Orenstein in 1975 under the auspices of the Columbia Center for Theatrical Arts. It is a unique ensemble of talented youth aged 15–21.

## History

The Young Columbians were founded in 1975, in anticipation of the bicentennial. The first performers to debut as the Young Columbians were a group of children aged 10 to 18, who toured stages across the country from 1975 to 1979 with a program of American patriotic songs. Their bicentennial show at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., was aired on television. Time Magazine called the performance "one of the best productions of the bicentennial." A copy of that television program was placed in the nation's bicentennial time capsule.

## Performances

The Young Columbians historically have three shows developed by director Toby Orenstein. These include the Spirit of America, Broadway, and Christmas. Each performance includes a medley of songs and dances from the corresponding era. Their current repertoire involves the classic America and Christmas shows accompanied by performances of a play and musical each year, with a midyear cabaret performance. In 2023, they were one of seven groups from across the United States selected to perform in New York City in the Arts for Autism Benefit Concert at the Gershwin Theatre. In 2025, they will return to Arts for Autism at Broadway's New Amsterdam Theatre. Their current frequent performance venues include Merriweather Post Pavilion, Lake Kittamaqundi, Howard Community College, Toby's Dinner Theatre, Olney Theatre Center, and others. They have historically performed at venues including the White House, Wolf Trap, Walt Disney World, The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, The Fillmore, The Ellipse, The Mall in Columbia, House of the Temple, the Washington D.C. Temple, and others.

## Notable alumni

* Edward Norton (Actor)
* Caroline Bowman (Broadway Actress)
* Steve Blanchard (Actor)
* Harolyn Blackwell (Opera Singer)
* Mary Page Keller (Television Actress)
# Epoch Systems

Epoch Systems Inc., founded in December 1986, was a hardware and software company providing Hierarchical Storage Management (HSM) file servers, and distributed storage management and data backup software. The company was founded by Ken Holberger, Chuck Holland, and Gregory Kenley. Holberger and Holland had worked together as part of the Eagle project described in The Soul of a New Machine. Kenley was a software engineer with expertise in operating systems and storage management. The company began in Marlboro MA and eventually moved to Westborough MA.

## Products

The company's first product was the Epoch-1 Infinite Storage Server. The Epoch-1 consisted of custom 68020-based CPU board running a modified version of the BSD 4.2 Unix operating system. The product was released in 1988 and provided 30GB of storage in its base configuration, expandable to 150GB. The server combined optical and magnetic storage and used HSM algorithms to automatically migrate files between the two types of media as required. The base 30GB model sold for $158,000 with one 30GB optical disk library unit and one 760MB magnetic disk drive. By making use of high capacity and comparatively inexpensive (for that time) optical storage the Epoch-1 provided high storage capacity at substantially lower cost than all-magnetic file servers.
Epoch's second product, EpochBackup, included automatic scheduling, online backup and volume management features for Unix-based client workstations from a number of manufacturers, including DEC, IBM, Hewlett Packard, Silicon Graphics and Sun Microsystems.
In late 1990 Epoch released versions of its Renaissance storage management products for Sun, HP, and MIPS Technologies Unix workstations. The system provided HSM services for workstations and servers, automatically migrating least used files to an Epoch-1 server centrally located on the network to free up space when file systems became full. Files were automatically retrieved when accessed. Because of difficulties in implementing this product across many different Unix implementations, Epoch started the Data Management Interfaces Group with the goal of creating a common API for storage management.

## Funding

Epoch Systems raised $15.7M of venture capital in three different rounds from several firms including Charles River Ventures, Matrix Partners, Sigma Partners, TA Associates, Atlas Venture, Sierra Ventures, and Ampersand Ventures. The company was bought by EMC for approximately $140M on August 31, 1993.
# Edward Pangelinan

Edward De Leon Guerrero Pangelinan (October 24, 1941 – February 4, 2023) was a politician from the Northern Mariana Islands. He served as the Chairman of the Marianas Political Status Commission and later as the 1st Resident Representative from the Northern Mariana Islands to the United States House of Representatives.

## Early life and career

Edward De Leon Guerrero Pangelinan was born October 24, 1941. He attended the University of Guam for two years before transferring to George Washington University to earn his bachelors. He earned his Juris Doctor from Howard University School of Law becoming the first Chamorro male lawyer in the Northern Mariana Islands.
Pangelinan married Dulce G. "Lucy" Pangelinan with whom he has six children. One of his children, James, attended West Point and is a Colonel in the United States Army. James Pangelinan is the highest-ranking member of the United States Army from the Northern Mariana Islands.
Pangelinan was elected to the Congress of Micronesia as a member of the Popular Party.

## Resident Commissioner

In the 1977 general election, he defeated Juan Tudela Lizama of the Territorial Party, winning 3,127 votes to Lizama's 2,524 votes to become the first Resident Commissioner to the United States House of Representatives. In 1983, he switched from the Democratic Party to the Republican Party. He lost reelection to Democrat Froilan Tenorio in the 1984 general election. He later became a lobbyist for the Northern Mariana Islands.

## Post-congressional career

In 1985, President Ronald Reagan reappointed Pangelinan to the Northern Mariana Islands Commission on Federal Laws. He served as a legislative assistant to Delegate Ben Blaz of Guam.
Pangelinan died of pancreatic cancer in Maryland, on February 4, 2023, at the age of 81.
# Maruhon

Maruhon (マルホン工業株式会社, Maruhon Kōgyō Kabushikigaisha) is an entertainment company specializing in the manufacture of pachinko machines. The company is headquartered in Momoyama, Kasugai, Aichi Prefecture, Japan.

## Major models

Maruhon has produced a variety of other pachinko models over the years, including traditional upright machines, table-top models, and even pachinko slots.
* Big Porter (1992): This model was one of the first pachinko machines to feature a full-color LCD screen and introduced bonus rounds and other special features that are now common in pachinko parlors.
* Caravan
* Caster
* CR Bikkuriman 2000 (2006): This model was based on the popular Japanese trading card game "Bikkuriman" and featured characters and themes from the game.
* CR High School! Kimengumi (2003)
* CR Kinnikuman (2003)
* CR Segawa Eiko de Gozaimasu (2004)
* CR Umi e Ikō Rakuen Tengoku (2001)
* CR Woody Woodpecker (2004)
* CRE Adventure (2002)
* Fine Play (1994)
* Prism
* Super Fine Play (2002)
# George W. Hughes

George Wurtz Hughes (September 30, 1806 – September 3, 1870) was a U.S. Representative from the 6th Congressional district of Maryland.
Born in Elmira, New York, Hughes received a liberal schooling. He attended the United States Military Academy at West Point from 1823 to 1827, having been appointed by Caleb Baker, but was not commissioned and instead became a civil engineer in New York City. In 1829, Hughes began to work for the New York State Canal Commission.
Hughes was appointed to the United States Army on July 7, 1838, as captain of Topographical Engineers. In 1840, he was sent to Europe by the War Department on an inspection tour of mines, public works and military fortifications. Hughes subsequently served in the Mexican–American War, acting as chief engineer on the staff of General John E. Wool in 1846 and General William J. Worth in 1847. He was brevetted major of Topographical Engineers on April 18, 1847, for gallant and meritorious conduct during the Battle of Cerro Gordo. Hughes was promoted to lieutenant colonel of a regiment of Maryland and District of Columbia Volunteers on August 4, 1847, and to colonel on October 1, 1847. In December 1847, he was appointed civil and military governor of the Department of Jalapa and Perote in Veracruz. Hughes was later brevetted lieutenant colonel of Topographical Engineers on May 30, 1848, for meritorious conduct while in Mexico. He was honorably mustered out of the volunteer service on July 24, 1848. From 1849 to 1850, he served as chief engineer of the Panama Railroad, resigning from the regular army on August 4, 1851.
In 1853, Hughes was sent to Europe as a representative of the Crystal Palace Association. In 1854, he became president of the Northern Central Railway. In 1855, Hughes was appointed quartermaster general of the Maryland militia. In 1856, he was promoted to brigadier general in the militia. Hughes was later elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-sixth Congress from the 6th Congressional district of Maryland, serving one term from March 4, 1859, to March 3, 1861. He worked as a consulting engineer and planter at West River, Maryland until his death there. The son in law of Virgil Maxcy, he is interred in the family burying ground of the Galloway and Maxcy families, Tulip Hill, at West River.

## Personal

Hughes was the son of John Hughes, who was born in Ireland, and Anna (Konkle) Hughes. She was the daughter of John Konkle and Annie (Wurtz) Konkle. He had a younger brother, Aaron Konkle Hughes, who served as a lieutenant commander in the Union Navy and retired as a rear admiral.
Hughes married Ann Sarah Maxcy, who travelled with him on his inspection tour of Europe. Their eldest son, Maxcy Galloway Hughes (1841–1863), was born in Europe. He served as a lieutenant in the Confederate States Army and was an assistant ordinance officer on the staff of General John B. Magruder in the District of Texas, New Mexico and Arizona.
# The Fortunes of Men

"The Fortunes of Men", also "The Fates of Men" or "The Fates of Mortals", is the title given to an Old English gnomic poem of 98 lines in the Exeter Book, fols. 87a–88b.

## Summary

Having first referred to a child's coming of age, the poem describes a number of (particularly fatal) misfortunes which may then befall one: a youth's premature death, famine, warfare and infirmity, the deprivations of a traveller, death at the gallows or on the pyre and self-destructive behaviour through intemperate drinking. However, a man of mature age may also prosper in terms of his material wealth and friends, and achieve happiness. The poet explains that the distribution of man's fortunes and misfortunes is in God's hands, including that of one's skills and talents: martial dexterity (throwing and shooting), cunning at board-games, scholarly wisdom and the craft of a goldsmith. The same applies to one's success or skills in cheering one's drinking fellows or in singing and plucking the harp, while sitting at the feet of one's lord. The last image drawn from Anglo-Saxon life is that of taming the hawk. Apart from underpinning the vast array of skills made available to men, it may also be intended to serve as an analogy to the opening image of the child clothed, reared and disciplined by his parents. In conclusion, the poem praises God's supreme skill in measuring out and managing the many and various destinies of men and urges its audience to express gratitude to the benevolent Ruler.
# Vera Krasova

Vera Krasova (Russian: Вера Красова; born December 11, 1987 in Moscow, Soviet Union) is a Russian model and beauty pageant titleholder. She competed in the 2007 Miss Russia pageant on December 14 where she represented Moscow. Vera made it to the top-3 contestants and placed as the 1st runner-up to the eventual winner Ksenia Sukhinova. Although she wasn't the winner of the national pageant, Miss Russia organization decided to send her to Miss Universe 2008 pageant held in Nha Trang, Vietnam. She reached the top 5 and placed 3rd runner-up, and was the only top 5 contestant to not be from Latin America. This was the first time Russia finished in the Top 5 of Miss Universe since Oxana Fedorova in 2002.
# Blood Music (Dead Celebrity Status album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |
Blood Music is the debut album by the Canadian Hip-Hop/Rap group Dead Celebrity Status, released on June 13, 2004 (see 2004 in music) on Bodog Music.

## Personnel
### Dead Celebrity Status

* Bobby McIntosh
* DJ Dopey
* Yas Taalat

### Additional Musicians

* Dave Navarro
* Stephen Perkins
* Bif Naked
* Jeordie White "Twiggy"
* Joss Stone

### Production

* Jeff Dalziel – Producer, Engineer
* Danny Saber – Producer, Engineer, Performer, Mixing
* Jamie Sitar – Mastering

## Trivia

Most online music purchasing services, such as iTunes, Google Play Music, Spotify, and Amazon, have the audio of numerous tracks under the incorrect track titles.
# Manigod

Manigod (French pronunciation:; Arpitan: Manegôd) is a commune in the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of Eastern France. In 2018, it had a population of 998.

## Geography

The linked area of Manigod consists of several different ski areas: La Croix Fry, Merdassier, Manigod Village, among others. The village itself is small and traditional with very few shops, all selling local produce such as the locally made Reblochon. The Plateau de Beauregard is a famous local walk with a view of Mont Blanc. The River Fier has its source in the commune. Nearby villages include Thônes, La Clusaz, Saint-Jean-de-Sixt and Le Grand Bornand. Farther away are the larger cities of Annecy (prefecture) and Chamonix.

## Gallery

* Église Saint-Pierre
* Aiguille de Manigod
* Chapelle de Villard-Dessous
# Antoine-Louis Decrest de Saint-Germain

Antoine-Louis Decrest, comte de Saint-Germain, Count de Saint-Germain and of the Empire (French pronunciation:; born 8 December 1761 in Paris, died 4 October 1835 in Neuilly) was a French soldier of the French Revolutionary Wars, who later rose to the top military rank of General of Division, taking part to the Napoleonic Wars as a commander of cavalry.

## Revolutionary Wars

Born in Paris on 8 December 1761, Antoine-Louis Decrest de Saint-Germain descended from a noble family of the Ancien Régime. In 1778, he joined the "Lunéville" gendarmerie, but was expelled from this arm in 1784 for indiscipline and transferred to the cavalry branch. At the outbreak of the Revolutionary Wars in 1792, he held the rank of captain and was sent to serve in the Army of the North and then in Army of the Ardennes. In April 1794, he was arrested due to his aristocratic ascendance and was reintegrated in the army only in August 1795, but, in exchange, was immediately promoted to the rank of colonel and given the command of a chasseurs à cheval regiment. In this capacity, Saint-Germain fought in campaigns on the Rhine and received a first battle wound when a cannonball broke his right leg on 20 September 1796. He recovered and resumed his duties but was again wounded in action a few months later, at the battle of Wiesbaden (22 April 1797), suffering a broken arm. Placed under the command of General Michel Ney, Saint-Germain took part to the battle of Hohenlinden on 3 December 1800.

## Napoleonic Wars and beyond

In April 1805, Saint-Germain was named general of brigade and given a command in Etienne de Nansouty's 1st heavy cavalry division and thus campaigned with the Grande Armée during the War of the Third Coalition and War of the Fourth Coalition during 1805-1806. A Baron of the Empire in January 1809, Saint-Germain led a brigade of Nansouty's cuirassiers at the battle of Aspern-Essling and was promoted to general of division in July 1809. In 1812, he took part to the Campaign in Russia, receiving a wound at the battle of Borodino. In September 1813, Saint-Germain was created a Count of the Empire and took part to the battle of Hanau, where he had a hand in forcing the passage of the debris of the Grande Armée towards France. During the 1814 campaign in France, he led several noted cavalry actions. During the Bourbon Restoration he fared well and in 1818 was named Inspector general of cavalry.
The name Saint-Germain is one of the names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe in Paris.