OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mika'il Sankofa

Mika'il Sankofa (born Michael Lofton, 10 December 1963 in Montgomery, Alabama) is a sabre fencer and coach. He competed in the individual and team sabre events at the 1984, 1988 and 1992 Summer Olympics.

## Background

During his fencing career, Sankofa trained under Tanya Adamovich, Csaba Elthes, Peter Frohlich, Szabo Adrosh, Christian Bauer and Lazlo Szepesi.
A graduate of New York University with a BA in Economics, Sankofa is a former publicist who has worked for firms such as Ernst & Young, Grey Advertising, Kirshenbaum, Bond & Partners and Shandwick International.
From 1990 - 2009, Sankofa served as co-founder, director of athletics and fencing coach for the Peter Westbrook Foundation. He was responsible for running a year-round class for over 200 participants, including a number of elite-level athletes. Sankofa's students have included three NCAA champions, five national champions, six junior world team members, the 2005 Junior Olympic men's cadet and junior sabre champions, the 2005 Junior Olympic women's sabre champion and the 2005 national cadet men's sabre champion.
Sankofa also serves as head fencing coach at the United Nations International School as well as the head sabre coach at the Ross School's summer program in East Hampton, New York. He runs the Sankofa Sabre Camp in East Hampton, conducts clinics and does color commentary for fencing competitions around the country.
In 2006, Sankofa received his Maestro’s degree with honors from Semmelweis University in Budapest, Hungary.
Sankofa served as the head coach for the Stevens Institute of Technology men's fencing team 2005-09.
Sankofa served as an analyst for NBC Sports' coverage of fencing at the 2008 Summer Olympics.
He currently owns and coaches a fencing academy in Nyack, New York.

## Records

Sankofa had an outstanding career as a competitive sabre fencer. He was a member of the United States Olympic Team in 1984, 1988 and 1992, and reached the pinnacle of his sport when he captured US national sabre championships in both 1991 and 1992.
He took part in the Pan-American Games as member of Sabre Team Silver in 1987 and 1991. In addition, Sankofa was a ten-time National Team Sabre Champion, in 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1994, and 1995.
Sankofa was also a four-time NCAA champion for the Violets, capturing the sabre title in 1984, 1985, 1986 and 1987. He is the only male fencer to ever win four NCAA individual championships.

## Hall of Fame

In 1994, he was inducted into the NYU Sports Hall of Fame, and in the summer of 2005, he was inducted into the United States Fencing Association Hall of Fame.
# Glow-in-the-dark

Glow-in-the-dark may refer to:

## Science

* Bioluminescence, the production and emission of light by a living organism
* Chemiluminescence, the emission of light (luminescence) with limited emission of heat
* Phosphorescence, a specific type of photoluminescence related to fluorescence (as seen in "glow in the dark" toys and materials)
* Radioluminescence, production of luminescence in a material by the bombardment of ionizing radiation

## Music

* "Glow in the Dark" (song), a 2014 single by The Wanted
* Glow in the Dark Tour, a 2008 concert tour by Kanye West
* Glow in the Dark (book), a 2009 biographical photo essay about the Kanye West tour
* Glow in the Dark (album), a 2009 live album by Roger Clyne and the Peacemakers
* Glow in the Dark (Buckethead album)
* "Glow in the Dark" (Iggy Pop song)
* "Glow in the Dark" (Skepta song)
* "Glow in the Dark" (Skylar Grey song)
* Glowing in the Dark, a 2021 album by Django Django
* Glowing in the Dark, an album by Experimental Products
# List of marshals of the Royal Thai Air Force

Chom Phon Akat (Thai: จอมพลอากาศ) or Marshal of the Royal Thai Air Force is a 5-star rank and the most senior rank in the Royal Thai Air Force. It is equivalent to a Field Marshal (or Chom Phon) in the Royal Thai Army and an Admiral of the Fleet (or Chom Phon Ruea) in the Royal Thai Navy. The rank of Marshal of the RTAF is also equivalent to the British rank of Marshal of the Royal Air Force.
The rank was formally created in 1937, with the formal foundation of the Royal Siamese Air Force. Together with all other ranks of an independent air force.

## List of Marshals of the Royal Thai Air Force

| No. | Name | Life | Date of Appointment | Notes |
| 1 | Plaek Phibunsongkhram | 1897–1964 | 1941 | Prime Minister of Thailand (1938–1944 and 1948–1957). Held the post of Supreme Commander of the Royal Thai Armed Forces Headquarters. Also received the rank of Field Marshal and Admiral of the Fleet in the same year. Popularly known as Chom Phon Por (Field marshal Por). Previously held the rank of Major general in the army. |
| S1 | Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) | 1927-2016 | 1946 | King of Thailand |
| 2 | Fuen Ronnaphagrad Ritthakhanee | 1900–1987 | 1954 | Deputy Prime Minister of Thailand (1955–1957). Held the post of Commander of the Royal Thai Air Force (1949–1957). Also served as Ministry of Transport and as Ministry of Public Health under the premiership of Plaek Phibunsongkhram. |
| 4 | Sarit Thanarat | 1908–1963 | 1959 | Prime Minister of Thailand (1958–1963). Held the post of Supreme Commander of the Royal Thai Armed Forces Headquarters. Received the rank of Field Marshal in 1956. Later also receive the rank of Admiral of the Fleet and Marshal of the Air Force in 1959. Previously held the rank of General in the army, Admiral in navy and Air Chief Marshal in the air force. |
| 3 | Chalermkiat Vatthanangkun | 1914–1960 | 1960 | Awarded posthumously by Royal Command. Plane crashed into mountain near Taipei, while on state business as Commander of the Royal Thai Air Force (1957–1960). Previously held the rank of Air marshal. |
| 5 | Thanom Kittikachorn | 1911–2004 | 1964 | Prime Minister of Thailand (January to October 1958 and from 1963 to 1973). Held the post of Supreme Commander of the Royal Thai Armed Forces Headquarters. Also received the rank of Field Marshal and Admiral of the Fleet at the same time. Previously held the rank of General in the army. |
| 6 | Praphas Charusathien | 1912–1997 | 1973 | Deputy Prime Minister of Thailand (1958–1958). Also received the rank of Field Marshal and Admiral of the Fleet at the same time. Held the post of Commander-in-chief of the Royal Thai Army. Previously held the rank of General in the army. |
| 7 | Queen Regent Sirikit of Thailand | 1932–present | 1992 | Consort of King Bhumibol Adulyadej. Also received the rank of Field Marshal and Admiral of the Fleet at the same time. Possibly the only female in history to attain such ranks. |
| S2 | Vajiralongkorn (Rama X) | 1952—Present | 2016 | King of Thailand |
# Maxwell the Magic Cat

Maxwell the Magic Cat was a British comic strip written and drawn by Alan Moore under the pseudonym "Jill de Ray". Moore produced the strip for the weekly Northants Post from 1979 to 1986.
Moore originally pitched the Post an adult-oriented strip called Nutter's Ruin, which they rejected, advising him instead to propose a children's strip. Although Maxwell is on the surface intended for children, Moore inserted metafictional and surrealist elements, adult references, and social/political commentary into the strip throughout its run. In fact, the Jill de Ray pseudonym is a pun on the Medieval child murderer Gilles de Rais, something Moore found to be a "sardonic joke".
Moore has stated that he would have been happy to continue Maxwell's adventures almost indefinitely, but ended the strip after the host newspaper the Northants Post ran a negative editorial on the place of homosexuals in the community. Meanwhile, Moore decided to focus more fully on writing comics rather than both writing and drawing them, stating that "after I'd been doing [it] for a couple of years, I realised that I would never be able to draw well enough and/or quickly enough to actually make any kind of decent living as an artist".$^{:15}$

## Overview

As writer Andrew Edwards observes, "Moore's key theme in the strip is how mankind's own sense of superiority is grossly misguided". The (mostly) five-panel strip features a sardonic talking cat named Maxwell and his human sidekick Norman Nesbit. The human bully Mangler Mullins makes regular appearances as well, as do assorted other cats (and mice).
Influences on the Maxwell strip can be seen in Charles M. Schulz's Peanuts, and British children's strips like Korky the Cat, Bully Beef, and Dennis the Menace. Edwards feels that writer Grant Morrison's run on the American comic book Animal Man was influenced by Moore's work on Maxwell.

## Publication history

Maxwell the Magic Cat was published weekly in the Northants Post (based in Moore's hometown), from August 25, 1979, to October 9, 1986, initially earning Moore £10 a week. The strip started on the children's page of the paper but eventually moved to the entertainment section.
From June 1984 to June 1988 the strip was also reprinted in most issues of the British comics fanzine Speakeasy. Speakeasy was itself published by Acme Press, which in 1986–1987 produced a four-issue comic book collection of the strip.
Fourteen Maxwell strips were reprinted in Splat! #2 (March 1987), published by Tom Mason's Mad Dog Graphics.
In December 2016, Moore returned to Maxwell to write and draw one further episode for the Post's final edition.
The Brazilian publisher Pipoca & Nanquim produced a single-volume translated collection of Maxwell in April 2020. It features a foreword by Eddie Campbell, an afterword by Moore, and a gallery of Maxwell illustrations by such artists as Brian Bolland, David Lloyd, and Kevin O'Neill.
# Relics of Sainte-Chapelle

The Relics of Sainte-Chapelle are relics of Jesus Christ acquired by the French monarchy in the Middle Ages and now conserved by the Archdiocese of Paris. They were originally housed at Sainte-Chapelle in Paris, France and are now in the cathedral treasury of Notre-Dame de Paris.

## History
### Medieval and early modern

Saint Louis (King Louis IX) built Sainte-Chapelle in the 13th century to house the Holy Crown, a fragment of the True Cross and other relics he had acquired from Baldwin II of Constantinople. This made the chapel itself an immense reliquary, housing the crown, the True Cross fragment, relics of the Virgin Mary (in particular her milk), the Holy Lance, the Holy Sponge and the Mandylion, a supposed image of Christ. The seventeen other relics purchased from Constantinople were the Blood of Christ, the nappies of the infant Jesus, a chain, a stone from the Holy Sepulchre, a cross, a purple mantle, a reed, part of his funeral shroud, the towel with which he dried the Apostles' feet, the rod of Moses, part of John the Baptist's head, and the heads of Saint Blas, Saint Clement, and Saint Simeon.
In the early modern era, the kings of France drained their treasury, sold rubies and melted down gold to supply their vast military spending needs, making all the chapel's ecclesiastical treasures into a monetary reserve that could be used if needed, as they had also been in the medieval era. This meant that under Henry IV of France (reigned 1589–1610) what was left of the treasure was reduced to the state it would retain until the French Revolution.

### Revolution to present

The Revolution meant a ban on conserving relics and all other sacred symbols linked to the kings, though this allowed for pieces judged to be of high artistic quality to be saved. These relics were handed over to the archbishop of Paris in 1804 and are still held in the cathedral treasury of Notre Dame, cared for by the Knights of the Holy Sepulchre and the cathedral chapter. The first Friday of every month at 3 PM, guarded by the Knights, the Holy Relics are exposed for veneration by the faithful before the cathedral's high altar. Every Good Friday, this veneration lasts all day, punctuated by the liturgical offices. An exhibition entitled Le trésor de la Sainte-Chapelle was installed at the Louvre in 2001. After the April 2019 fire at Notre-Dame, the relics were moved for safekeeping first to the Paris city hall overnight, and then to the Louvre.
# 1721 in Norway

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events in the year 1721 in Norway.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Frederick IV.

## Events

* The Bergen Greenland Company was founded.
* 2 May – Hans Egede departed with three ships from Bergen to Greenland, starting the Danish-Norwegian colonization of Greenland.
* 1 August – The King orders a large sale of church property in Norway.
* 10 September – Great Northern War ends.
* 21 December – Niels Tygesen Knag was ennobled, and given the noble family name Knagenhjelm.

## Deaths

* 15 February – Tørres Christensen, merchant, ship owner, land owner (born 1664).
# Newbrough

Newbrough (pronounced “Newbruff”) is a village in Northumberland, England, on the north bank of the River South Tyne about 5 miles (8 km) north-west of Hexham.

## History

Newbrough is the site of one of the line of Roman forts along the original northern frontier of the Roman Stanegate road built in AD 71. Newbrough’s church stands on the site.
Newbrough was anciently part of the Manor of Thornton. The mediæval tower house known as Thornton Tower was reported to be in a state of decay in a survey in 1541. The Grade II listed building is now completely ruinous.

## Governance

Newbrough is in the parliamentary constituency of Hexham.

## Landmarks

Newbrough Hall is an early 19th-century country house at Newbrough. It is a Grade II* listed building.
The estate was held by John Armstrong in 1692 and by John Bacon in the early 18th century. In 1811 the property passed to Bacon’s great grandson, the Reverend Henry Wastell.
Wastell built a new house in 1812 adjacent to the old tower, to a design by architect John Dobson. The estate later passed to his daughter and her husband of 1901, Colonel Coulson. They commissioned architect Francis William Deas (1862–1951) to modernise the house in 1902. The resulting two-storey house, with five bays of which the central was pedimented, was extended with two rear wings attached to the 1813 coach house to create a central courtyard. The house was equipped with electricity for which purpose a detached powerhouse was erected in the grounds. The powerhouse, now a separate dwelling, is Grade II listed.
Newbrough Town Hall, thought to be one of the finest in Tynedale, was completed in 1878 and extensively refurbished in 1998.
The Women's Institute building, formerly the Mechanics Institute, was built in 1854 and is a grade II listed building. It was given in 1948 to the Newbrough Women's Institute (WI) which was formed in 1923 and is still in existence. In 2000 the WI donated the building to the Town Hall, where it now meets (as it did before 1948). On 9 November 2015, the centenary of the first WI meeting in England, the building's entry in the National Heritage List for England was updated to include the WI connection, as were records for three other buildings of WI significance.
A mile north of the village is a burn known as Meggie's Dene, which is reputedly the burial site of a 16th-century witch called Old Meg. The grave is said to be marked by a pink thorn tree.

## Education

Newbrough CE First School, (Northumberland Local Education Authority) is an Infant School. It is a mixed school of Church of England religion.
# Negro (candy)

Negro is a candy originating in Subotica, made by the company founded in 1917 by József Ruff. Originally based in Austria-Hungary, Ruff and his family continued living and working in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia following the dissolution of Austria-Hungary. This brand of candies has been later produced by Pionir (the successor of Ruff's confectionery production) since 1946 in Serbia. In Hungary, it was produced by Győri Keksz until 2019. The product's slogan is "the chimney sweeper of the throat". On its wrapper a chimney sweeper is depicted sweeping a chimney. It gets its black colour, from which the candy's name is derived from active carbon. Anise, which is similar in taste to licorice, and taste from menthol is added. Its full recipe is an industrial secret.
# Gleizé

Gleizé (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Rhône department in eastern France.

## Culture and heritage
### Places and monuments

* Castle of Vaurenard : This is where the Baron de Richemont died.
* Castle Montfleury.
* Castle of Saint-Fonds.
* Castle of Vaurenard
* Castle of Saint-Fonds

### Personalities

* Baron de Richemont, died in Gleizé August 10, 1853, French crook who pretended to be Louis XVII.
* Kevin Joss-Rauze, born in Gleizé, professional basketball player.
* Rudy Molard, a French road cyclist, was born there.
# Vision dans le cristal. Oniromancie obsessionelle. Et neuf graphomanies entoptiques.

Vision dans le cristal. Oniromancie obsessionelle. Et neuf graphomanies entoptiques. is a 1945 book by Romanian Dolfi Trost. The book forms part of his surrealist art theory, specifically on the area of entopic graphomania, a surrealist technique invented by the author. As the title suggests, it contains the first nine examples of the technique. This method of "indecipherable writing" was supposedly an example of "surautomatism", the controversial theory put forward by Trost and Gherashim Luca in which surrealist methods would be practiced that "went beyond" automatism.

## First edition

* Bucarest (Les Éditions de l'Oubli), 1945
# Operation Shikkar

Operation Shikkar was an extensive enforcement and investigation initiative undertaken by the Kerala Forest Department between 2015 and 2017, aimed at dismantling a widespread network involved in illegal ivory smuggling and the poaching of elephants in India. This operation marked one of the most significant efforts against wildlife crime in the country.

## Background

The operation was initiated in response to increasing concerns over elephant poaching and ivory smuggling in the Malayattoor forest division of Ernakulam district, Kerala. Intelligence reports suggested a well-organized syndicate that exploited local wildlife resources and operated across various states in India.

## Key officers involved
### Manu Sathyan

Manu Sathyan, serving as the Divisional Forest Officer (DFO) of the Kerala Forest Department, played a pivotal role in the operation.

### Jose Louies

Jose Louies, an IT engineer and wildlife enthusiast from Kerala, significantly contributed to the operation as a technical analyst and representative of the Wildlife Trust of India (WTI).

### Dr. Amit Mallick

Dr. Amit Mallick, associated with the Indian Forest Service, was instrumental in assembling a task force to swiftly apprehend the culprits involved in the operation.

## Execution

The operation involved coordination between multiple agencies, including the Kerala Forest Department, local police, and conservation organizations. Undercover operations, surveillance, and analysis of communication networks were key strategies employed to identify and arrest individuals involved in the illegal ivory trade.

## Outcomes

The operation led to the arrest of 72 individuals, including poachers, government officials, ivory carvers, and dealers. Significant quantities of ivory were seized, highlighting the extensive network and methods used by poachers and smugglers.

## Impact

"Operation Shikkar" raised public awareness about the threats to elephant populations and the importance of protecting these keystone species. It underscored the need for stricter enforcement of wildlife protection laws and enhanced international cooperation to prevent illegal wildlife trade.

## In popular culture

The significant impact of "Operation Shikkar" was dramatized in the web series Poacher, available on Amazon Prime Video. The series is inspired by the real-life events of the operation and portrays the collaborative efforts to dismantle an illegal ivory smuggling racket.
# Menorcan

Menorcan or Minorcan (Catalan: menorquí, Spanish: menorquín) is a dialect of Catalan spoken on the island of Menorca, one of the Balearic Islands. It is very similar linguistically to the dialects of Catalan spoken in the other islands: Mallorquí in Mallorca and Eivissenc in Ibiza. It also has many similarities to English and French, as well as containing anglicisms of the British rule on the island. Some examples are xoc ('chalk'), boínder ('bow-window') or bòtil ('bottle').
Until the 17th century, the Minorcan subdialect had been a very uniform variant of Eastern Catalan (and therefore, with few differentiating points Balearic), and today it is still in certain aspects, especially by the closure of unstressed /o/ in [ʊ], which is one of the main differences that the phonetics of Menorca presents in relation to Mallorca (except for Sóller and its dialect, which otherwise has some points of resemblance to that of Ciutadella).

## Traits

A point in which Menorca remained outside the evolutionary process of continental Catalan was with the use of stressed "ə", which was general throughout the island. This uniformity is maintained until the end of the 19th century. From the twentieth century, the stressed "ə" became in a closed "e" in Maó, and the same transfer was made in Alaior and Mercadal. Instead, in Ferreries and Ciutadella, the neutral sound had been maintained, partly for psychological reasons, according to the statement of Francesc de Borja Moll i Casasnovas, for the reaction of the ciutadelenses against the mahoneses, a consequence of secular antipathies. The pronunciation of the closed "e" of Mahon has been mocked by the ciutadelenses, and that has inhibited the progression of its use in the western sector of the island.
Another notable difference between the cities of the island, Mahón and Ciutadella, is the intonation.
Not so resistant had shown the western sector of the island with the influence coming from Catalonia to Mahón of the morphemes flexives -és, -essis, -essin. Sixty years ago, the primitive forms -às, -assis, -assin were substituted in Ciutadella.
In the treatment of the atonic group "ua", the Menorcan follows the example of the Mallorcan and removes the last vowel, but pronouncing "u" instead of "o": aigu, llegu, Pascu.
The weak "i" between vowels is lost, although in the imperfect preterite in western Menorquín, the "i" is kept, pronouncing deia, veía, etc. The loss of the "ll" is also given: gúə (agulla), véə (vella), fúə (fulla), uréə (orella), páə (palla). This same phenomenon occurs in certain villas in Mallorca, especially in Sóller, Alcúdia and Capdepera.