OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mark Jones (numismatist)

Sir Mark Ellis Powell Jones FSA FRSE (born 5 February 1951) is a British art historian, numismatist and museum director. He was director of the Victoria and Albert Museum from 2001 to 2011, and then master of St Cross College, Oxford from 2011 to 2016.

## Early life

Jones was born on 5 February 1951. He is the son of John Ernest Powell-Jones (or Powell-Jones) and writer/historian, Ann Paludan, and grand nephew of actor Robert Newton. He was educated at Eton College, an all-boys public school in Eton, Berkshire.
He studied Politics, Philosophy and Economics at Worcester College, Oxford. He then undertook postgraduate studies in art history at the Courtauld Institute of Art, graduating with a Master of Arts (MA) degree.

## Career

Jones spent 18 years in the Department of Coins and Medals at the British Museum, where he curated the exhibition FAKE? The Art of Deception.
In 1992, he was appointed director of the National Museums of Scotland. He oversaw the creation in 1998 of the Museum of Scotland, which went on to win 22 prizes for its displays and a Stirling Prize nomination for its building.
In May 2001, Jones became director of the Victoria and Albert Museum. On his first day as director, he announced the scrapping of entry charges to the museum. Under his directorship, a number of renewal projects have been completed, including the Medieval and Renaissance galleries which opened in 2009.
On 18 November 2010, it was announced that Jones had been elected as the next master of St Cross College, Oxford; he took up the post in September 2011. He retired from the post in September 2016, and was succeeded by Carole Souter.
On 2 September 2023, it was announced that Jones had been named as interim director of the British Museum.
Jones is Chairman of the National Museum Directors' Conference, a trustee of the National Trust, the Gilbert Collection, and the Pilgrim Trust, a member of the Court and Council of the Royal College of Art, Vice President of the British Art Medal Society and the Kensington & Chelsea Decorative & Fine Arts Society, and a patron of the Embroiderers' Guild and the Heritage Crafts Association.

## Personal life

He is married to Camilla Toulmin, the former director of the International Institute for Environment and Development. They have three children and Jones has a daughter from a previous marriage.

## Honours

* Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London (FSA). (7 March 1992)
* Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE). (1999)
* Knight Bachelor (2010 New Year Honours) "for services to the Arts".
* Honorary Doctorate, Royal Holloway College
* Honorary Doctorate, Dundee University
* Honorary Doctorate, University of Abertay (Dundee)
* Honorary Doctorate, University of East Anglia
# Qulin Tuqu

Qulin Tuqu Aymara quli tousled, tuqu goitre -n a suffix, also spelled Culin Thojo) is a 5,368-metre-high (17,612 ft) mountain in the Cordillera Real in the Andes of Bolivia. It is located in the La Paz Department, Los Andes Province, in the northeastern part of the Batallas Municipality. It is situated southeast of Wila Lluxita and Mullu Apachita.
# Danby railway station

Danby is a railway station on the Esk Valley Line, which runs between Middlesbrough and Whitby via Nunthorpe. The station, situated 15 miles 9 chains (24.3 km) west of Whitby, serves the villages of Ainthorpe and Danby, North Yorkshire, England. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by Northern Trains.

## History

The station was opened by the North Eastern Railway on 2 October 1865, following the opening of the route between Castleton and Grosmont.
The station was host to a camping coach between 1936 and 1939. Camping coaches were holiday accommodation offered by many railway companies in the United Kingdom from the 1930s. The coaches were old passenger vehicles no longer suitable for use in trains, which were converted to provide sleeping and living space at static locations.
Danby is the location of the North York Moors National Park Visitors' Centre. It is located about 3⁄4 mile (1.2 km) from the station by foot.

## Services

Northern Trains Esk Valley Line :
vte :
Middlesbrough – Whitby via Nunthorpe :
As of the May 2021 timetable change, the station is served by five trains per day (four on Sunday) towards Whitby. Heading towards Middlesbrough via Nunthorpe, there are four trains per day. Most trains continue to Newcastle via Hartlepool. All services are operated by Northern Trains.
Rolling stock used: Class 156 Super Sprinter and Class 158 Express Sprinter
# Notodromadidae

Notodromadidae is a family of ostracods belonging to the order Podocopida.
Genera:
* Cyprois Zenker, 1854
* Gurayacypris Battish, 1987
* Indiacypris Hartmann, 1964
* Kennethia De Deckker, 1979
* Neozonocypris Klie, 1944
* Newnhamia King, 1855
* Notodromas Lilljeborg, 1853
# Roromaraugi

A roromaraugi is a parrying shield from San Cristobal Island in the Solomon Islands.

## Uses

It was used to deflect the enemy’s arrows and spears. It has a broad sickle-shaped head that is separated by a well-marked central ridge with a spur on the back. The handle is often finished by an anthropomorphic sculpture and the whole is done in very hard wood. It was also used in war dances and measures more or less 150 cm (59 in). It should not be confused with the qauata which does not have a spur and looks more like a leaf.
# Cyprois

Cyprois is a genus of crustaceans belonging to the family Notodromadidae. They are the sole member of the monotypic subfamily Cyproidinae. The two species of this genus are found in Europe and Northern America.
# HSwMS Malmö (P12)

HSwMS Malmö (P12) is a patrol vessel belonging to the Swedish Navy. Together with her sister ship HSwMS Stockholm, she formed the Stockholm class. In 1999 she was set to begin her mid-life upgrade and in 2010 she was merged into the 31st Corvette Division of the 3rd Naval Warfare Flotilla along with her sister ship. In 2017, Malmö was rebuilt into a Malmö-class patrol vessel.

## History

Malmö was built by Karlskronavarvet and was launched on 21 Mars 1985. After trials the ship was delivered to the Navy on 8 November 1985, and then became the command ship for one of the then surface warfare flotillas.
# Raymond Préfontaine

Joseph Raymond Fournier Préfontaine, PC QC (French pronunciation:; 16 September 1850 – 25 December 1905) was a Canadian politician. He was the Mayor of Montreal from 1898 to 1902, and sent Captain Joseph-Elzéar Bernier to explore the Arctic.

## Biography

Born in Longueuil, Quebec, he studied at the law faculty of McGill College, articled with Antoine-Aimé Dorion and Christophe-Alphonse Geoffrion, and was called to the bar in 1873. He was named a Queen's Counsel in 1899.
In 1875, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec for the riding of Chambly. A Liberal, he was defeated in 1878. He was re-elected in an 1879 by-election, but was defeated again in 1881.
He was acclaimed to the House of Commons of Canada for the riding of Chambly in an 1886 by-election. A Liberal, he was re-elected in every election in one or another riding until dying in office in 1905. From 1902 to 1905, he was the Minister of Marine and Fisheries. When Joseph-Israel Tarte resigned from the Cabinet as Minister of Public Works in October 1902, Wilfrid Laurier, under pressure from Montréalers, gave Préfontaine the portfolio of Marine and Fisheries and, for the same reason, transferred to it from public works as "the major services relating to navigation."
The new minister, while maintaining his predecessor's policy, tackled his duties with dynamic energy. He approved experiments in winter navigation and a program for installing illuminated buoys in the channel of the St Lawrence. He appointed a commissioner to preside over all inquiries into marine disasters, in place of the harbour commissioners. He also investigated the possibility of creating an independent Canadian Navy. He sent Captain Joseph-Elzéar Bernier to explore the Arctic in order to strengthen Canada's rights in this region.
In 1905, he went to Great Britain and France, one of his goals being to promote a sea link between Marseilles and Montréal. He was in Paris when he was struck down by angina pectoris on 25 December. The French government held his funeral in the Église de La Madeleine in central Paris. A British battleship brought his remains back to Halifax for subsequent burial in Montréal.
From 1879 to 1883, he was the mayor of Hochelaga, after which the city was amalgamated with Montreal. From 1898 to 1902, he was the Mayor of Montreal.
Montréal's Préfontaine metro station, aréna Raymond-Préfontaine, parc Raymond-Préfontaine and rue Préfontaine are all named in his honour.

## Electoral record

vte1900 Canadian federal election: Terrebonne :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Raymond Préfontaine | 2,277 | 53.1 | +4.9 |
| | Conservative | Léon-Adolphe Chauvin | 2,010 | 46.9 | -4.9 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 4,287 | 100.0 |
# Deer horn knives

Deer horn knives (Chinese: 鹿角刀; pinyin: Lùjiǎodāo), also known as crescent moon knives or duck blades (Chinese: 鴛鴦鉞; pinyin: Yuānyāngyuè), are specialised Chinese bladed weapons consisting of two steel crescents crossing. They are used in Chinese martial arts. This crossing produces four curved, clawlike points, one of which is extended as the "main" blade. The practitioner grips the wrapped middle of the lengthened crescent with the other acting as a hand guard. They are relatively short weapons that are easily concealable in traditional Chinese clothing, and are usually trained in pairs, one for each hand.
Deer horn knives are especially associated with the soft style Chinese martial art Baguazhang, which is known for its diverse weaponry. They are mainly used in trapping an opponent's weapon in aid of tying up or breaking the opponent's weapon, disarming the opponent and other close combat applications.
Deer horn knives are normally used against longer weapons such as spears, swords, broadswords, or any weapon which uses a safe distance to attack from. One advantage of deer horn knives in comparison to a longer weapon is that seeing as the deer horn knives are direct appendages of the hands, they can be moved with great speed and precision, and along with their ease of concealment, can easily be used to catch their opponent off guard.

## Variations

Some variations of deer horn knives include pairs with one crescent being longer than the other, the larger blade presumably being used as the "main" hand and the smaller blade as the "guard" hand.
# Sam Bateman

Samuel Thomas Bateman was a member of the Ohio House of Representatives from 1985 until 2000, when he was forced by term limits to step down. His district consisted of a portion of Adams County, Ohio. He was succeeded by Jean Schmidt.
# Richard Christiansen (politician)

Richard M. Christiansen (August 21, 1928 – November 10, 2001) was a member of the Ohio House of Representatives.
# Robert D. Freeman

Robert D. Freeman (November 20, 1921 – December 17, 2001) was an American politician. He was a member of the Ohio Senate from 1975 to 1978, and represented the 29th district.
Freeman was often known as "Sunshine Bob". A Democrat, he was active in Canton area politics for over three decades. He died in 2001 after being involved in an automobile accident.
Has grandchildren in Michael Freeman II, Erin Freeman and Robert Freeman aka "bobo".
# E. J. Hopple

E. J. Hopple (February 5, 1881 – October 11, 1941) was a Democratic politician in the U.S. state of Ohio who was in the Ohio Senate and Speaker of the Ohio House of Representatives 1917–1918.

## Biography

Mr. Hopple was born on a farm in Crawford County, Ohio. He received a public school education, and attended Heidelberg College and Western Reserve Law School. He read law with W. C. McCullough of Bucyrus, Ohio, and was admitted to the bar in 1905, and set up practice in Cleveland, Ohio.
In 1912 he was married to Elizabeth Benoit of Montgomery, Vermont. He held no offices before being elected to the Ohio Senate. He was elected to represent the 25th district in 1912 for the 80th General Assembly. He was re-elected for the 81st General Assembly in 1914, and selected floor leader of the minority party in 1915.
For the 82nd General Assembly, 1917–1918, Hopple was elected to the Ohio House of Representatives, where he was selected Speaker.
Hopple belonged to the Masons, Knights of Pythias, and Cleveland Chamber of Commerce.
# Mathieu d'Escouchy

Mathieu d'Escouchy (Le Quesnoy, Nord, 1420 – 1482) was a Picard chronicler during the last stages of the Hundred Years War.
His Chronique was a continuation of the chronicle of Enguerrand de Monstrelet, with manuscripts of which it occurs as a third volume; it was edited by G. du Fresne de Beaucourt, (3 vols., Paris, Societé de l'Histoire de France, 1863–64). Matthieu covers the years 1444-61, from a point of view favourable to Burgundy, but with an attempt at impartiality, though he was in the service of Louis XI, with whom he fought at the Battle of Montlhéry (16 July 1465), after which he was ennobled. Like most literate men of his time, he was fascinated by feats of arms, brave tourneys and the social stature of the men (and a few women) who figure in his chronicle. His account of the Banquet du Voeu du Faisan, describes the ceremonious feast held at Lille in 1454 by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, whose court set the standards for elegant extravagance in the fifteenth century.
He was appointed Echevin and Prévôt of Péronne. He fell afoul of justice, was even arrested and tortured but set free at last.
In Escouchy some editors read a variant of the familiar seigneurial name Coucy.
He described the arrival of Mary of Guelders bride of James II in Scotland on 18 June 1449. She sailed from Sluis and landed first on the Isle of May in the Forth, making a pilgrimage to the Chapel of St Adrian on 18 June 1449.
# Robert Jaskulski

Robert Jaskulski (1926–2002) was a member of the Ohio House of Representatives.
# Harry Mallott

Harry C. "Bud" Mallott (June 11, 1917 – January 28, 1996) was a member of the Ohio House of Representatives, representing Clermont County from 1973 to 1990. He died in 1996 at the age of 78.
# John O'Brien (Ohio politician)

John O'Brien (1932 - 1985) was a member of the Ohio House of Representatives.
A Republican, Mr. O'Brien was elected to the Ohio House in November 1980 and took office Jan. 3, 1981. He died in office March 30, 1985, and was succeeded by his widow, Jacquelyn K. O'Brien.
Before his election to the legislature, Mr. O'Brien was a member of the Anderson Township Board of Trustees, a position to which he was first elected in November 1973. In 1980 Mr. and Mrs. O'Brien were leaders in creation of the first Anderson Township Library Committee, which successfully organized community and financial support for a community branch of the Public Library of Cincinnati and Hamilton County.
John and Jackie O'Brien are the parents of three adult children, John Todd O'Brien (1958), Holly O. Saunders and Heather O. Krombholz.
# James R. Panno

James R. Panno (c. 1922 – June 9, 1970) was an American politician who served as a member of the Ohio House of Representatives for the 82nd district from 1965 to 1970.
# Stephen A. Tolbert

Stephen Allen Tolbert (February 16, 1921 – April 29, 1975) was a Liberian politician and businessman.

## Early life

Tolbert was born on February 16, 1921, in Bensonville, Liberia, the younger brother of William Tolbert. Tolbert received a high-school education from Liberia College and in 1941 received a B.A. from the institution. That same year, Tolbert held a chief position at the Division of Passports, and did so until 1943. In 1944, he furthered his education in the United States, first by attending Howard University, then the University of Michigan, where he received a B.S. and M.S. in forestry.

## Career

Tolbert served as chief of the division of forestry for the Liberian Department of Agriculture from 1948 to 1949. He then served as assistant secretary of agriculture from 1949 to 1957. He served as director of the school of forestry for the University of Liberia for two years, starting in 1959, before serving as the secretary of agriculture and commerce from 1960 to 1965.
Tolbert, with his brother and the vice president of Liberia William, founded the Mesurado Group of Companies, the first Liberian-owned multimillion-dollar company. It was a fishing enterprise, which expanded its scope as time went on. Tolbert established similar enterprises in Sierra Leone and Nigeria. In 1969, Tolbert got into the shrimping industry. Other business interests of his included partial ownership of the Bank of Liberia as well as a diamond-exporting firm known as the Liberian American Mining Company.
In 1972, Tolbert was appointed minister of finance. He resigned from his position at the Mesurado Group of Companies to accept this cabinet appointment. His appointment was controversial, as his brother was now president, and Tolbert's position was attained in large part due to this relation. Journalist Albert Porte criticized Tolbert for using his public office to advance his business interest in the Mesurado Group of Companies in a 1974 broadside entitled Liberianization or Gobbling Business?. Tolbert sued Porte on the charge of libel for a substantial sum of money, and while Tolbert won the suit, the outcry against the ruling led the founding of the first civil society organization in Liberia.

## Death

On April 29, 1975, Tolbert as well as five other associates died in a plane crash after shortly after taking off from Greenville, Liberia, to attend a meeting.
# Douglas Vaz

Douglas Vaz (died 9 November 2019) was a Jamaican politician.
Vaz was a member of the Jamaica Labour Party, which he represented throughout his political career. He was first elected to the Parliament of Jamaica in 1976, from the North Central St Andrew constituency. Vaz switched districts in 1989, to the North East St Andrew constituency, vacating North Central St Andrew for Karl Samuda. Vaz lost his seat in North East St Andrew to Karlene Kirlew-Robertson in 1993. Between 1980 and 1989, Vaz served in the Cabinet of Jamaica formed by prime minister Edward Seaga, as the minister of industry and commerce.
Vaz married Sonia in 1959. The couple divorced in 1984. Their son, Daryl Vaz, is also a politician. Douglas Vaz died in his sleep on 9 November 2019, aged 83.
# Stemphylium botryosum

Stemphylium botryosum (family Pleosporaceae, order Pleosporales) is a species of fungi and plant pathogen infecting several hosts including alfalfa, red clover, peanut, soybean, lentils, beet, tomato, lettuce, hemp and carnations.
It was originally found on Medicago sativa (Alfalfa) in Ontario, Canada and named as Pleospora tarda E.G Simmons but it was later found to be the anamorph of Stemphylium botryosum Wallr. 1833.
# Rivière du Nord (Muskrat River tributary)

The Rivière du Nord (French pronunciation:, lit. 'river of the North') is a tributary of Muskrat River (via Lake Bolduc) which flows downstream to Grand lac Saint François, on the South Shore of the St. Lawrence River. The course of the "rivière du Nord" crosses the territory of the municipality of Adstock, in the Les Appalaches Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Chaudière-Appalaches, in Quebec, Canada.

## Geography

From Bolduc Lake, the Muskrat River flows on 5.3 kilometres (3.3 mi) towards the southwest in a forest environment, collecting water from the Poulin and Rodrigue rivers and passing east of the village of Saint-Daniel, up to its mouth.

## Toponymy

The toponym "Rivière du nord" was officially registered on August 4, 1969, at the Commission de toponymie du Québec.
# Delta Ship 41

Delta Ship 41 is a Douglas DC-3 that flew for Delta Air Lines from 1941 to 1958.

## Operational history

Delta's Ship 41 was the second of Delta's first five iconic DC-3 airplanes to be delivered from Douglas Aircraft Co. between November 1940-January 1941:
* The first DC-3, Delta Ship 40, was christened "City of Atlanta" with a bottle of Coca-Cola. It went into scheduled service on December 24, 1940.
* Ship 41 went into service on January 19, 1941, flying from Atlanta to Ft. Worth, Texas. Delta Air Lines used the airplane for 17 years until 1958.
Ship 41 was acquired by another airline in Delta's family tree—North Central. North Central became part of Delta's history through its merger with Northwest Airlines in 2008.
The aircraft then flew for a number of different airlines before finally being operated by Air Puerto Rico, a Puerto Rican cargo airline company.

## Restoration

In 1990, a group of Delta retirees and enthusiasts located one of Delta's first five DC-3s in order to restore it to flying condition. Their investigation led them to "Ship 41", then flying as a cargo aircraft, registered N29PR for a local Puerto Rican airline, Air Puerto Rico. In 1993, Delta bought the aircraft from Air Puerto Rico and it was flown to Atlanta, where it underwent a five-year restoration and is now on display at the Delta Flight Museum.
# Ped

In soil science, peds are aggregates of soil particles formed naturally as a result of pedogenic processes; this natural organization of particles forms discrete units separated by pores or voids. The term is generally used for macroscopic (visible; i.e. greater than 1 mm in size) structural units when observing soils in the field. Soil peds should be described when the soil is dry or slightly moist, as they can be difficult to distinguish when wet. An artificially formed aggregate of soil particles can be called a clod.
There are five major classes of macrostructure seen in soils: platy, prismatic, columnar, granular, and blocky. There are also structureless conditions. Some soils have simple structure, each unit being an entity without component smaller units. Others have compound structure, in which large units are composed of smaller units separated by persistent planes of weakness.
# Movie Juice

Movie Juice is an Australian film review television series which screened between 2014 and 2018. The first two seasons screened on Network Ten at 2.30pm on Saturdays with repeats on its digital channels Eleven and One. It was revived by the Nine Network for a third season on 25 October 2017 at 11.30pm on Wednesdays with repeats on 9Go!.

## Presenters

* Jessica Tovey
* Scott Tweedie
* Alicia Marone
* Carissa Walford
# This Life (film)

This Life (Danish: Hvidsten gruppen) is a 2012 Danish drama film based on the activities of the Hvidsten Group, a Danish resistance group in World War II.

## Cast

* Jens Jørn Spottag as Marius Fiil
* Bodil Jørgensen as Gudrun Fiil
* Thomas Ernst as Niels Fiil
* Marie Bach Hansen as Tulle Fiil
* Laura Winther Møller as Gerda Fiil
* Mia Ejlerskov as Bitten Fiil
* Bjarne Henriksen as Albert Carlo Iversen
* Jesper Riefensthal as Peder Bergenhammer Sørensen
* Henrik Vestergaard as Johan Kjær Hansen
* Niels Lund Boesen as Niels Nielsen Kjær
* Arne Siemsen as Søren Peter Kristensen
* Janus Kim Elsig as Henning Andersen
# George A. Lovejoy (Washington politician)

George A. Lovejoy (July 30, 1879 – March 2, 1944) was an American politician in the state of Washington. He served in the Washington State Senate from 1933 to 1943. From 1941 to 1943, he was President pro tempore of the Senate.
# Splendrillia dissimilis

Splendrillia dissimilis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Drilliidae.

## Description

The length of the shell varies between 8.9 mm and 13.2 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off the Virgin Islands.
# Chiranjivi Kumar

Chiranjivi Kumar (born 16 January 1993) is an Indian cricketer. He made his List A debut on 12 October 2019, for Bihar in the 2019–20 Vijay Hazare Trophy.