OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William Watts (engraver)

William Watts (1752–1851) was an English line-engraver.

## Life

The son of a master silk weaver in Moorfields, London, Watts was born early in 1752. He received his art training from Paul Sandby and Edward Rooker, and on Rooker's death in 1774 continued the Copper-plate Magazine.
Watts sold up at his house at Kemp's Row, Chelsea, London and went to Italy, reaching Naples in September 1786. After about a year he returned, and lived at Sunbury, Middlesex. In 1789 he went to Carmarthen, in 1790 to the Hotwells in Bristol, and in 1791 to Bath where he spent two years. Interested by the French Revolution, and went to Paris in 1793, where some of his views of English country seats were engraved in colours by Laurent Guyot. He invested most of the property that he had inherited from his father, with his own earnings, in the French funds; and all of it was confiscated (though he recovered some of it after the peace in 1815). His losses compelled him to return to engraving, retiring early in the 19th century.
Watts then lived for a short time at Mill Hill, Hendon. In 1814 he purchased a small property at Cobham, Surrey, where he died on 7 December 1851, after having been blind for some years, within a few months of his hundredth birthday.

## Works

Watts published a number of engravings of country seats after Sandby. His own Seats of the Nobility and Gentry, a series of 84 plates, followed in 1779–86. His views of the principal buildings in Bath and Bristol, prepared around 1790, were not published until 1819. Thirty-six Views in Scotland appeared in two parts (1791–4).
Watts also engraved three of the plates in Select Views in London and Westminster (1800), and sixty-five coloured plates, from drawings by Luigi Mayer, for Sir Robert Ainslie's Views in Turkey in Europe and Asia (1801).
# Collines-du-Basque

Collines-du-Basque (French pronunciation:) is an unorganized territory in the Gaspésie–Îles-de-la-Madeleine region of Quebec, Canada.
Its French name means Basque Hills, taken from the 421 metres (1,381 ft) high namesake peak along Quebec Route 198 and the York River. The territory is also home to Bolduc Mountain (Mont La Bolduc), rising to 460 metres (1,510 ft), and King Mountain, with an altitude of 660 metres (2,170 ft).
# Moussa Nébié

Moussa Nébié (born (1959-09-08)8 September 1959) is a Burkinabé diplomat who was Minister of Foreign Affairs of Burkina Faso from July 2015 to January 2016.

## Career

Nébié was appointed as Minister of Foreign Affairs on 20 July 2015 by transitional President Michel Kafando, who relinquished the title, following a reshuffle in the run up to the 2015 elections. Prior to becoming Foreign Minister, Nébié was Minister of State for Regional Cooperation, and before that, he served as Ambassador to Egypt and Ambassador to Ethiopia and the African Union.
# Jayne Ashton

Jayne Ashton (born 31 August 1957) is an English former professional squash player.
Ashton was born on 31 August 1957 in Birmingham. She was first capped for England in 1973, the year she became British Junior Champion. She competed as a top-sixteen seeded player at the British Open Squash Championships but her greatest achievement was being part of the winning England team during the 1979 Women's World Team Squash Championships, defeating Australia 3-0 in the final.
# Villeneuve-Triage station

Villeneuve-Triage is a railway station in Villeneuve-Saint-Georges, Val-de-Marne, Paris, France. The station is on the Paris–Marseille railway. The station is served by Paris' express suburban rail system, the RER. The train services are operated by SNCF.

## Train services

The station is served by the following service(s):
* Local services (RER D) Paris–Villeneuve St Georges–Juvisy–Évry Centre–Corbeil Essonnes
* Local services (RER D) Creil–Orry la Ville–Gouissainville–St Denis–Paris–Villeneuve St Georges–Juvisy–Évry–Corbeil Essonnes
# Kartikeya Kak

Kartikeya Kak (born 4 October 1996) is an Indian cricketer. He made his Twenty20 debut on 10 January 2021, for Hyderabad in the 2020–21 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy.
# Mabel Malherbe

Mabel Catherine Malherbe (9 August 1879 – 1 February 1964) was a South African politician and activist for women's suffrage. She was the first woman mayor of Pretoria from 1931 to 1932. She also became the first woman to be a member of the South African Parliament in 1934.

## Biography

A descendant of George Rex of Knysna, Mable Catherine Rex spent her childhood first in Pretoria, South African Republic, then later in Rustenburg, before completing her studies in Rondebosch in the Cape Colony. Following the outbreak of the Second Boer War, she joined the Red Cross. It was whilst working for the Red Cross that she met Kenne Nicholaas De Kock Malherbe, whom she married in 1903.
With the help of Mrs Koopmans-De Wet, she left for the Netherlands where she spent three years training as a nurse. On her return to Pretoria in 1904, she began carrying out charity work and became an eminent member of a number of associations for akfrikaner women, serving as the executive for the Federation of South African Women from 1917.
As a delegate for the South African National Council of women, Mabel Malherbe attended the International Woman's Conference in Geneva. In 1919 she founded the Afrikaans-Hollandse Leesunie and created an influential monthly womans magazine, Die Boerevrou, the first woman's magazine in afrikaans.
As a woman that was active in politics before women even had the right to vote, she participated in the creation of the female branch of the National Party in Transvaal in 1915. At the heart of the Nasionale Vroueparty (National Party, female branch), she campaigned for women's suffrage. In the context of the era, only white South African women would be given the right to vote, which happened in 1931.
Elected to the Municipal Council of Pretoria for six years, she became the first female mayor in South Africa (1931-1932). In June 1933, she was elected on to the provincial council of Transvaal as a representative of the National Party. Later, in 1934, she became the first woman elected to the South African parliament, where she represented the district of Wonderboom. Loyal to James Barry Hertzog, she joined the United Party during the merger of the National Party and the South African Party. During her parliamentary term, she fought to not only advance the rights of women, but also for others marginalised due to difficult economic situations.
In 1939, she quit the United Party alongside Hertzog and other parliamentarians opposed to entering the war. Like them, she rejoined the National Party under the leadership of Daniel Francois Malan for a short time, before participating in the foundation of the Afrikaner Party alongside Nicolaas Havenga and those who still remained loyal to Hertzog.
In 1953, Mabel Catherine was awarded an honorary doctorate in literature from the University of Pretoria.
# Peter Ozsváth

Peter Steven Ozsváth (born October 20, 1967) is a professor of mathematics at Princeton University. He created, along with Zoltán Szabó, Heegaard Floer homology, a homology theory for 3-manifolds.

## Education

Ozsváth received his PhD from Princeton in 1994 under the supervision of John Morgan; his dissertation was entitled On Blowup Formulas For SU(2) Donaldson Polynomials.

## Awards

In 2007, Ozsváth was one of the recipients of the Oswald Veblen Prize in Geometry. In 2008 he was named a Guggenheim Fellow. In July 2017, he was a plenary lecturer in the Mathematical Congress of the Americas. He was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2018.

## Selected publications

* Ozsváth, Peter; Szabó, Zoltán (2004). "Holomorphic disks and topological invariants for closed three-manifolds". Ann. of Math. 159 (3): 1027–1158. arXiv:math/0101206. doi:10.4007/annals.2004.159.1027. S2CID 119143219.
* Ozsváth, Peter; Szabó, Zoltán (2004). "Holomorphic disks and three-manifold invariants: properties and applications". Ann. of Math. 159 (3): 1159–1245. doi:10.4007/annals.2004.159.1159.
* Grid Homology for Knots and Links, American Math Society, (2015)
# Syedaal Khan Nasar

Sardar Syedaal Khan Nasar (Urdu: سردار سیدال خان ناصر), is a Pakistani politician who is senator-elect for the Senate of Pakistan from Balochistan province. He is serving as deputy chairman of senate since 9 April 2024.

## Political career

Nasar was elected from Balochistan province during 2024 Pakistani Senate election as a Pakistan Muslim League (N) candidate on a general seat. On 9 April 2024, he was elected deputy chairman of senate unopposed.
# Dar Parchin-e Olya

Dar Parchin-e Olya (Persian: درپرچين عليا, also Romanized as Dar Parchīn-e 'Olyā; also known as Darparchīn-e Bālā) is a village in Milanlu Rural District, in the Central District of Esfarayen County, North Khorasan province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 29, in 8 families.
# List of best-selling hip-hop albums of the 2010s in the United States

This is a list of the best-selling hip-hop albums in the United States in the year 2010 based on RIAA certification and Nielsen SoundScan sales tracking.

## Best-selling hip-hop albums by year

| Year | Artist | Album | Label | Certified Units | Certification |
| 2011 | Drake | Take Care | Young Money / Cash Money / Republic Records | (8,000,000) | 8× Platinum |
| 2010 | Eminem | Recovery | Shady / Aftermath / Interscope | (8,000,000) | 8× Platinum |
| 2010 | Nicki Minaj | Pink Friday | Young Money / Cash Money / Republic Records | (3,000,000) | 3× Platinum |
| 2010 | Kanye West | My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy | Roc-A-Fella | (3,000,000) | 3× Platinum |
| 2010 | B.o.B | B.o.B Presents: The Adventures of Bobby Ray | Atlantic Records | (2,000,000) | 2× Platinum |
| 2010 | Drake | Thank Me Later | Universal Motown | (1,000,000) | Platinum |
| 2010 | Lil Wayne | I Am Not a Human Being | Universal Motown | (1,000,000) | Platinum |
| 2010 | Lil Wayne | Rebirth | Universal Motown | (1,000,000) | Platinum |
| 2010 | Kid Cudi | Man on the Moon II: The Legend of Mr. Rager | Universal Republic | (500,000) | Gold |
| 2010 | Ludacris | Battle of the Sexes | Disturbing tha Peace / Def Jam | (500,000) | Gold |
| 2010 | Rick Ross | Teflon Don | Maybach Music / Slip-n-Slide / Def Jam | (500,000) | Gold |
| 2010 | T.I. | No Mercy | Grand Hustle / Atlantic | (500,000) | Gold |
# Deo A. Koenigs

Deo A. Koenigs (born January 30, 1935) was an American politician in the state of Iowa.
Koenigs was born in Mitchell County, Iowa. He was a farmer. He served in the Iowa House of Representatives from 1983 to 1999, as a Democrat.
# Jayne Roylance

Jayne Elizabeth Roylance (née Ward) (8 October 1947– 3 November 2018) was a lawn bowls international for England.

## Bowls career

Roylance won a silver medal in the women's triples with Norma Shaw and Barbara Fuller during the 1988 World Outdoor Bowls Championship in Auckland.
Two years later she won a bronze medal in the pairs with Mary Price at the Commonwealth Games and four years later Roylance represented England in the fours event, at the 1994 Commonwealth Games in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
In addition she has also won three National titles and one national competition representing Norfolk. The fours in 1985, the two wood singles in 1988 and the triples in 1989

## Family

Her brothers Chris Ward and David Ward were both international players.
# Oxygenic photogranules

Oxygenic photogranules (OPGs) are a type of biological aggregate with an approximately spherical form, typically from a millimeter to a centimeter scale. OPGs are characterized by the cloth-like layer of phototrophic organisms, predominantly filamentous cyanobacteria of the order Oscillatoriales. Oxygen production by these phototrophs through photosynthesis is typically coupled to oxygen consumption of heterotrophic biomass, releasing CO$_2$ that is presumably utilised in a syntrophic relationship by autotrophic phototrophs.

## Discovery/Context

In 2011, Park and Dolan first observed the transformation of activated sludge into oxygenic photogranule (OPG)., when incubated in unagitated and sealed vials exposed to natural light for several months. Since then, this static cultivation of OPG was observed with activated sludge coming from various places over the world in several laboratories (, etc.).
OPGs were discovered recently and serendipitously in laboratory conditions, but very similar granules, called cryoconites, are found in glaciers

## Formation of oxygenic photogranules

Anaerobic and aerobic granule formation are typically postulated to be driven by hydrodynamic shear and washout. Oxygenic photogranules do form when exposed to hydrodynamic shear in sequencing batch reactors; however, they also form under static batch$^&$. They can form over the course of several weeks from a source of activated sludge exposed to light. How oxygenic photogranules form is far from understood, but filamentous and motile cyanobacteria seem to play an essential role in their formation. Cyanobacteria are enriched from the activated sludge and form the outer layer of photogranules that gives structural integrity for both photogranules generated under hydrodynamic and static conditions. This hypothesis is supported by the finding that the initial presence of inorganic nitrogen in the activated sludge inoculum promotes cyanobacterial growth over microalgal growth, resulting in successful oxygenic photogranules.
Oxygenic photogranule formation is thus not driven by hydrodynamic shear and washout are not required for the formation of oxygenic photogranules, even though these factors may play an important role when applied. Filamentous, motile cyanobacteria play a key role, but exact mechanisms have to be elucidated to be able to control the formation and properties of oxygenic photogranules and apply them to bioengineering processes.

## Oxygenic photogranules applied to wastewater treatment

Oxygenic photogranules is a new type of biogranules that has not been applied in bioengineering processes yet. but has promising potentials to be applied in wastewater treatment. OPG have been applied in turbulently mixed sequencing batch reactors SBR and in high rate algal pond. Oxygenic photogranules have the ability to couple oxygen production through photosynthesis to conversion of organic matter into carbon dioxide by heterotrophs. Therefore, they have the potential to treat wastewater without external source of aeration and to generate energy when this biodegradable biofeedstock is used for anaerobic digestion
# Aman Hakim Khan

Aman Khan (born 23 November 1996) is an Indian cricketer. He received education from Avalon Heights International School He made his List A debut on 9 March 2021, for Mumbai in the 2020–21 Vijay Hazare Trophy. He made his Twenty20 debut on 4 November 2021, for Mumbai in the 2021–22 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy.
In February 2022, Khan was bought by Kolkata Knight Riders in the auction for the 2022 Indian Premier League (IPL) tournament. He played a single match for the side during the 2022 season, and in November 2022 was traded to the Delhi Capitals in exchange for Shardul Thakur ahead of the 2023 auction.
# Adava

Adava is a small village in Gajapati District, Odisha, India. The total village population of 3,470 includes 1,782 males and 1,688 females.
# Cornone di Blumone

Cornone di Blumone is a mountain of Lombardy, Italy, It has an elevation of 2,843 metres.
# People's Party of Andalusia

The People's Party of Andalusia (Spanish: Partido Popular de Andalucía, PP), informally also known as the Andalusian People's Party (Spanish: Partido Popular Andaluz, PPA), is the regional wing of the Spanish People's Party operating in Andalusia. It is the largest political party in the Parliament of Andalusia, and has an outright majority following the elections in 2022.

## Party leaders

* Gabino Puche, 1989–1993
* Javier Arenas, 1993–1999
* Teófila Martínez, 1999–2004
* Javier Arenas, 2004–2012
* Juan Ignacio Zoido, 2012–2014
* Juan Manuel Moreno Bonilla, 2014–present

## Electoral performance
### Parliament of Andalusia

Parliament of Andalusia :
| Election | Leading candidate | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Government |
| 1990 | Gabino Puche | 611,903 | 22.18 (#2) | 26 / 109 | 2 | Opposition |
| 1994 | Javier Arenas | 1,238,252 | 34.36 (#2) | 41 / 109 | 15 | Opposition |
| 1996 | Javier Arenas | 1,466,980 | 33.96 (#2) | 40 / 109 | 1 | Opposition |
| 2000 | Teófila Martínez | 1,535,987 | 38.02 (#2) | 46 / 109 | 6 | Opposition |
| 2004 | Teófila Martínez | 1,426,774 | 31.78 (#2) | 37 / 109 | 9 | Opposition |
| 2008 | Javier Arenas | 1,730,154 | 38.45 (#2) | 47 / 109 | 10 | Opposition |
| 2012 | Javier Arenas | 1,570,833 | 40.67 (#1) | 50 / 109 | 3 | Opposition |
| 2015 | Juan Manuel Moreno | 1,065,685 | 26.74 (#2) | 33 / 109 | 17 | Opposition |
| 2018 | Juan Manuel Moreno | 750,778 | 20.75 (#2) | 26 / 109 | 7 | Coalition |
| 2022 | Juan Manuel Moreno | 1,582,412 | 43.13 (#1) | 58 / 109 | 32 | Majority |

### Cortes Generales

Cortes Generales :
| Election | Andalusia | Andalusia | Andalusia | Andalusia | Andalusia | Andalusia | Andalusia |
| Election | Congress | Congress | Congress | Congress | Congress | Senate | Senate |
| Election | # | % | Score | Seats | +/– | Seats | +/– |
| 1989 | 688,625 | 20.~2 | 2nd | 12 / 61 | 3 | 7 / 32 | 1 |
| 1993 | 1,195,476 | 29.8 | 2nd | 20 / 61 | 8 | 8 / 32 | 1 |
| 1996 | 1,530,057 | 35.4 | 2nd | 24 / 62 | 4 | 8 / 32 | 0 |
| 2000 | 1,639,034 | 40.6 | 2nd | 28 / 62 | 4 | 14 / 32 | 6 |
| 2004 | 1,514,987 | 33.7 | 2nd | 23 / 61 | 5 | 8 / 32 | 6 |
| 2008 | 1,721,824 | 38.2 | 2nd | 25 / 61 | 2 | 10 / 32 | 2 |
| 2011 | 1,985,612 | 45.6 | 1st | 33 / 60 | 8 | 22 / 32 | 12 |
| 2015 | 1,294,293 | 29.1 | 2nd | 21 / 61 | 12 | 15 / 32 | 7 |
| 2016 | 1,426,258 | 33.5 | 1st | 23 / 61 | 2 | 18 / 32 | 3 |
| Apr-2019 | 787,384 | 17.2 | 3rd | 11 / 61 | 12 | 6 / 32 | 12 |
| Nov-2019 | 877,202 | 20.5 | 2nd | 15 / 61 | 4 | 9 / 32 | 3 |

### European Parliament

European Parliament :
| Election | Andalusia | Andalusia | Andalusia |
| Election | # | % | Score |
| 1989 | 412,621 | 16.1 | 2nd |
| 1994 | 1,254,932 | 34.8 | 2nd |
| 1999 | 1,338,683 | 36.0 | 2nd |
| 2004 | 896,401 | 36.1 | 2nd |
| 2009 | 1,042,114 | 39.7 | 2nd |
| 2014 | 693,322 | 25.9 | 2nd |
| 2019 | 849,771 | 22.3 | 2nd |
# Ehavere

Ehavere is a village in Jõgeva Parish, Jõgeva County in eastern Estonia.
Archaeologist Harri Moora (1900–1968) was born in Ehavere.
# Okuni Shrine

The Okuni Shrine (小國神社, Okuni jinja), is a Shinto shrine in the town of Mori, Shūchi District, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is one of the two shrines claiming the title of ichinomiya of former Tōtōmi Province. The main festival of the shrine is held annually on April 18.

## Enshrined kami

The kami enshrined at Okuni Jinja is:
* Ōnamuchi-no-mikoto (大己貴命), kami of nation-building, agriculture, medicine, and protective magic

## History

The date of Okuni Shrine's foundation is unknown. Shrine tradition gives a date of February 18, 555 (during the reign of Emperor Kinmei) as the date when a shrine was first constructed on the summit of six-kilometer distant 511-meter Mount Hongū, which now forms part of the shrine's grounds. The shrine only appears in historical records from an entry within the Shoku Nihon Kōki dated June 14, 884 and it is mentioned again in the Engishiki records, but is still listed as a "minor shrine". It has been styled the ichinomiya of Tōtōmi Province since at least 1235, and continued to be referred to as the “Ichinomiya” until the end of the Edo period. Due to the waning power of the Imperial Court, imperial messages ceased to be sent to the shrine from the Muromachi period. The shrine was destroyed when Takeda Shingen invaded Tōtōmi in 1572 and the shrine's priests sided with Tokugawa Ieyasu. It was rebuilt by Tokugawa Ieyasu in 1575, and subsequent generations of Tokugawa shōguns continued to support the shrine.
During the Meiji period era of State Shinto, the shrine was rated as a prefectural shrine in 1873, and was promoted to a National shrine, 3rd rank (国幣小社, kokuhei-shōsha) under the Modern system of ranked Shinto Shrines in 1874.
The shrine is located a 50-minute walk from Tōtōmi-Ichinomiya Station on the Tenryū Hamanako Railroad

## Events

The main festival of the shrine is held annually on April 18, during which time a set of twelve dances are performed. This performance is said to date to the early Heian period and is a National Intangible Cultural Property.

## Gallery

* Shaden
* Torii in front of Shaden
* Shinko-sho
* approach
* Kotomachi Pond
# Ivan Evstratiev Geshov

Ivan Evstratiev Geshov (Bulgarian: Иван Евстратиев Гешов) (20 February 1849 [8 February 1849 OS] – 11 March 1924) was a Bulgarian politician who served as Bulgarian Prime Minister.
He was born in Plovdiv to a family of merchants originally from Karlovo. Geshov was educated at the Bulgarian Sts. Cyrill and Methodius High School in Plovdiv, as well as at Owens College in Manchester (1866–1869), where he studied logic and political economy under William Stanley Jevons. Geshov first came to political attention through his involvement in the campaign for Bulgarian independence from the Ottoman Empire. He wrote a series of letters against the Ottomans and was sentenced to death, although this was later commuted to exile in Aleppo. He was pardoned in 1878 after independence was gained and returned to Bulgaria to become involved in the government of Eastern Rumelia, taking on a number of roles including Minister of Finance for the region.
As governor of the Bulgarian National Bank from 1883 onwards he became recognized as one of the country's leading economic minds and was eventually appointed Finance Minister in the government of Vasil Radoslavov in 1886. In this role, and subsequent spells as Finance Minister, he tended to follow protectionism in order to build up Bulgaria's fairly backward economy. However he was opposed to the policies of Stefan Stambolov, at the time one of the country's regents, and resigned in 1887, largely over the pro-Austria-Hungary stance of Stambolov.
After a break from political life, he returned as Finance Minister in the government of Konstantin Stoilov in 1894, a position he held for three years. In 1901 he became President of the Sabranie (Assembly) and that same year was elected leader of the People's Party, following the death of Stoilov. In 1908, he took part in the so called "Geshoff incident".
Geshov finally formed a government on 29 March 1911, heading a moderate coalition of nationalists and Stoyan Danev's Russophile faction. As Prime Minister he supported the introduction of the proportional representation electoral system. He also supported the policy of working through the Balkan League and led the country through the First Balkan War against Ottoman Empire. However, he resigned on 30 May 1913, the day that the Treaty of London was signed to end the War, as he opposed the Tsar's policy of making war on the Balkan League allies. Despite this, it had been Geshov's government that gave the Tsar the power to sign treaties in the first place.
Geshov remained in politics as a member of the parliament, joining the Democratic Party in 1923 after the fall of the government of Aleksandar Stamboliyski, but he played no further roles in government.
Outside politics he fulfilled a number of roles, including editor of the Maritsa newspaper, founder of the Study Society and the Scientific and Literary Society and chairman of the Bulgarian Red Cross (1899–1924) and the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (1911–1924).
# Barys Pankrataw

Barys Pankrataw (Belarusian: Барыс Панкратаў; Russian: Борис Панкратов; born 30 December 1982) is a Belarusian footballer (goalkeeper).

## Honours

BATE Borisov
* Belarusian Premier League champion: 2006, 2007
* Belarusian Cup winner: 2005–06