# List of Oenothera species

Subdivisions of the genus Oenothera in the Onagraceae (evening primrose) family:

## Section Anogra

Oenothera sect. Angora (Spach) W.L.Wagner & Hoch – western North America in dry, sandy soils in deserts, grasslands, and forest openings, up to 2000 m. elevation.
* Oenothera arizonica (Munz) W.L.Wagner – California evening primrose (Arizona & Mexico)
* Oenothera californica (S.Watson) S.Watson – California evening primrose
** O. californica ssp. avita W.M.Klein
** O. californica ssp. californica
** O. californica ssp. eurekensis (Munz & J.C.Roos) W.M.Klein – Eureka Dunes evening primrose
* Oenothera deltoides Torr. & Frém. – birdcage evening primrose
** O. deltoides ssp. ambigua (Munz) W.M.Klein
** O. deltoides ssp. cognata (Jeps.) W.M.Klein
** O. deltoides ssp. deltoides
** O. deltoides ssp. howellii (Munz) W.M.Klein - Antioch Dunes evening primrose
** O. deltoides ssp. piperi (Munz) W.M.Klein
* Oenothera engelmannii (Small) Munz – Engelmann's evening primrose (south-central U.S.)
* Oenothera neomexicana (Small) Munz – New Mexico evening primrose (Arizona, New Mexico)
* Oenothera nuttallii Sweet – Nuttall's evening primrose (central North America)
* Oenothera pallida Lindl. – pale evening primrose, white buttercup (western North America)
** O. pallida ssp. gypsophila (Eastw.) Munz & W.M.Klein – whitepole evening primrose
** O. pallida ssp. pallida
** O. pallida ssp. runcinata (Engelm.) Munz & W.M.Klein
** O. pallida ssp. trichocalyx (Nutt.) Munz & W.M.Klein
* Oenothera wigginsii W.M.Klein – (Baja California in Mexico)

## Section Calylophus

Oenothera sect. Calylophus (Spach) W. L. Wagner & Hoch – in North American Great Plains and south to central Mexico.

### subsect. Calylophus

* Oenothera berlandieri (Spach) Steud. – Mexican evening primrose
** O. berlandieri ssp. berlandieri
** O. berlandieri ssp. pinifolia (Engelm.) W. L. Wagner & Hoch
* Oenothera serrulata Nutt. – yellow sundrops

### subsect. Salpingia

* Oenothera hartwegii Benth. – Hartweg's sundrops
** O. hartwegii ssp. fendleri (A.Gray) W.L.Wagner & Hoch
** O. hartwegii ssp. filifolia (Eastw.) W.L.Wagner & Hoch
** O. hartwegii ssp. hartwegii
** O. hartwegii ssp. maccartii (Shinners) W.L.Wagner & Hoch
** O. hartwegii ssp. pubescens (A.Gray) W.L.Wagner & Hoch
* Oenothera lavandulifolia Torr. & A.Gray – lavenderleaf sundrops
* Oenothera toumeyi (A.Gray) Tidestr. – Toumey's sundrops
* Oenothera tubicula A.Gray – Texas sundrops
** O. tubicula ssp. strigulosa (Towner) W.L.Wagner & Hoch
** O. tubicula ssp. tubicula

## Section Contortae

Oenothera sect. Contortae W.L.Wagner – Sierra Nevadas of California, extending just into western Nevada.
* Oenothera xylocarpa Coville – woodyfruit evening primrose

## Section Eremia

Oenothera sect. Eremia W.L.Wagner – western North America, with a distribution in the Chihuahuan, Mojave, and Sonoran deserts.
* Oenothera primiveris A.Gray – desert evening primrose
** O. primiveris ssp. bufonis (M.E. Jones) Munz – large yellow desert primrose
** O. primiveris ssp. primiveris

## Section Gaura

Oenothera sect. Gaura (L.) W.L.Wagner & Hoch – beeblossom (includes most of the taxa formerly placed in genus Gaura)

### subsect. Campogaura

* Oenothera boquillensis (P.H.Raven & D.P.Greg.) W.L.Wagner & Hoch – Rio Grande beeblossom (Texas & Mexico)
* Oenothera suffrutescens (Ser.) W.L.Wagner & Hoch – scarlet beeblossom (western North America)

### subsect. Gaura

* Oenothera coloradensis (Rydb.) W.L.Wagner & Hoch (Nebraska, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico)
** O. coloradensis ssp. coloradensis – Colorado beeblossom or butterfly plant
** O. coloradensis ssp. neomexicana (Wooton) W.L.Wagner & Hoch – New Mexico beeblossom
* Oenothera demareei (P.H.Raven & D.P.Greg.) W.L.Wagner & Hoch – Demaree's beeblossom
* Oenothera filiformis (Small) W.L.Wagner & Hoch – biennial gaura
* Oenothera gaura W.L.Wagner & Hoch – (eastern North America, from Ontario to South Carolina and Minnesota to Missouri)
* Oenothera hexandra (Ortega) W.L.Wagner & Hoch
** O. hexandra ssp. gracilis (Wooton & Standl.) W.L.Wagner & Hoch
** O. hexandra ssp. hexandra
* Oenothera lindheimeri (Engelm. & A.Gray) W.L.Wagner & Hoch
* Oenothera patriciae W.L.Wagner & Hoch
* Oenothera simulans (Small) W.L.Wagner & Hoch
* Oenothera suffulta (Engelmann) W.L.Wagner & Hoch
** O. suffulta ssp. suffulta
** O. suffulta ssp. nealleyi (J. M. Coulter) W.L.Wagner & Hoch
* Oenothera triangulata (Buckley) W.L.Wagner & Hoch

### subsect. Gauridium

* Oenothera anomala Curtis – anomalous Oenothera (Mexico)

### subsect. Schizocarya

* Oenothera curtiflora W.L.Wagner & Hoch – lizard tail (North America)

### subsect. Stenosiphon

* Oenothera glaucifolia W.L.Wagner & Hoch – false gaura (southern Great Plains of central North America)

### subsect. Stipogaura

* Oenothera calcicola (P.H.Raven & D.P.Gregory) W.L.Wagner & Hoch
* Oenothera cinerea (Wooton & Standl.) W.L.Wagner & Hoch – gaura-pilosa
** O. cinerea ssp. cinerea
** O. cinerea ssp. parksii (Munz) W.L.Wagner & Hoch
* Oenothera filipes (Spach) W.L.Wagner & Hoch
* Oenothera mckelveyae (Munz) W.L.Wagner & Hoch
* Oenothera sinuosa W.L.Wagner & Hoch – wavy-leaf gaura

### subsect. Xenogaura

* Oenothera xenogaura W.L.Wagner & Hoch – (southern North America)

### subsect. Xerogaura

* Oenothera arida W.L.Wagner & Hoch – (Texas, Mexico)

## Section Gauropsis

Oenothera sect. Gauropsis (Torrey & Frémont) W.L.Wagner – Wyoming, western Nebraska, eastern Colorado, New Mexico, Kansas and the Texas Panhandle in the U.S. High Plains.
* Oenothera canescens Torr. & Frém. – spotted evening primrose

## Section Hartmannia

Oenothera sect. Hartmannia (Spach) W. L. Wagner & Hoch – Generally in Mexico, Arizona, and Texas. But O. speciosa extends into the U.S. Central Plains, and O. rosea extends to the Caribbean, and northern South America.
* Oenothera deserticola (Loes.) Munz – (Mexico)
* Oenothera platanorum P.H.Raven & D.R.Parn. – Fort Huachuca evening primrose
* Oenothera rosea L'Hér. ex Aiton – pink evening primrose, Rose of Mexico
* Oenothera speciosa Nutt. – showy evening primrose, Mexican primrose, amapola
* Oenothera texensis P.H.Raven & D.R.Parn. – Texas evening primrose

## Section Kleinia

Oenothera sect. Kleinia Munz – distributed over the Chihuahuan, Sonoran, and southern portions of the Great Basin deserts to the Great Plains, from southern Utah to southeastern Montana and western North Dakota, and northern Mexico.
* Oenothera albicaulis Pursh – prairie evening-primrose
* Oenothera coronopifolia Torr. & A.Gray

## Section Kneiffia

Oenothera sect. Kneiffia (Spach) Straley – eastern North America, at elevations up to 1900 m.
* Oenothera fruticosa L. – narrow-leaved or southern sundrops (eastern North America)
** O. fruticosa ssp. fruticosa – (more southern distribution)
** O. fruticosa ssp. glauca (Michx.) Straley – (more northern distribution)
* Oenothera perennis L. – little evening primrose, perennial sundrops (North America)
* Oenothera pilosella Raf. – prairie sundrops, meadow evening primrose
** O. pilosella ssp. pilosella – (eastern North America)
** O. pilosella ssp. sessilis (Pennell) Straley – (AR, LA, TX)
* Oenothera riparia Nutt. – riverbank sundrops
* Oenothera spachiana Torr. & A.Gray – Spach's evening-primrose (Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Texas)

## Section Lavauxia

Oenothera sect. Lavauxia (Spach) W. L. Wagner & Hoch – North and South America.

### subsect. Australis

* Oenothera acaulis Cav. − (Chile)
* Oenothera centaurifolia (Spach) Steud. − (Uruguay, Brazil, Argentina)

### subsect. Lavauxia

* Oenothera acutissima W.L.Wagner – Flaming Gorge evening primrose (Utah, Colorado)
* Oenothera flava (A. Nelson) Garrett – yellow evening primrose (west & central North America)
** O. flava ssp. flava
** O. flava ssp. taraxacoides (Woot. & Standl.) W.L.Wagner
* Oenothera triloba Nutt. – stemless evening primrose (North America)

## Section Leucocoryne

Oenothera sect. Leucocoryne W.L.Wagner & Hoch – from southern Texas, through northern Mexico to the Trans-Volcanic Belt of central Mexico, southward to Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica.
* Oenothera dissecta A. Gray ex S. Wats. - (Chihuahuan Desert)
* Oenothera kunthiana Munz - (southern Texas to Costa Rica)
* Oenothera luciae-julianiae W.L.Wagner - (Mexico)
* Oenothera orizabae W.L.Wagner - (Mexico)
* Oenothera tetraptera Cav. - (Mexico, southern Texas)

## Section Megapterium

Oenothera sect. Megapterium (Spach) W.L.Wagner & Hoch – distributed in south-central North America.
* Oenothera brachycarpa A.Gray – short-fruit evening primrose (Arizona, Kansas, New Mexico, Nevada, Texas)
* Oenothera howardii (A. Nelson) W.L.Wagner – Howard's evening primrose (Colorado, Kansas, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming)
* Oenothera macrocarpa Nutt. – Missouri or big-fruit evening primrose
** O. macrocarpa ssp. fremontii (S.Watson) W.L.Wagner – Fremont's evening primrose (Kansas, Nebraska)
** O. macrocarpa ssp. incana (A.Gray) W.L.Wagner – big-fruit evening primrose (Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas)
** O. macrocarpa ssp. macrocarpa – big-fruit evening primrose (Arkansas, Illinois, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Colorado, Tennessee, Texas)
** O. macrocarpa ssp. mexicana W.L.Wagner – (Mexico)
** O. macrocarpa ssp. oklahomensis (J.B.S.Norton) W.L.Wagner – Oklahoma evening primrose (Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas)

## Section Oenothera

Oenothera sect. Oenothera – distributed from Canada to Panama.

### subsect. Candela

* Oenothera clelandii W.Dietr. P.H. Raven & W.L.Wagner – Cleland's evening primrose
* Oenothera curtissii Small – Curtiss' evening primrose (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, South Carolina)
* Oenothera heterophylla Spach – variable-leaf evening primrose
** O. heterophylla ssp. heterophylla – (Arkansas, Louisiana, Missouri, Texas)
** O. heterophylla ssp. orientalis W.Dietr., P.H.Raven & W.L.Wagner – (AL, Arkansas)
* Oenothera rhombipetala Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray

### subsect. Emersonia

* Oenothera macrosceles A.Gray – (Chihuahuan Desert)
* Oenothera maysillesii Munz – (Durango)
* Oenothera organensis Munz – (New Mexico)
* Oenothera stubbei W.Dietr., P.H.Raven & W.L.Wagner – (Nuevo León)

### subsect. Munzia
#### series Allochroa

* Oenothera affinis Cambess. – (Bolivia, Brazil, Chile)
* Oenothera arequipensis Munz & I M.Johnst. – (Chile)
* Oenothera bahia-blancae W.Dietr. – (Argentina)
* Oenothera catharinensis Cambess. – (Brazil)
* Oenothera coquimbensis Gay – (Chile)
* Oenothera featherstonei Munz & I.M.Johnst. – (Peru)
* Oenothera indecora Cambess.
** O. indecora ssp. boliviensis W.Dietr.
** O. indecora ssp. bonariensis W.Dietr.
** O. indecora ssp. indecora
* Oenothera mendocinensis Gillies ex Hook. & Arn. – (Argentina)
* Oenothera mollissima L. – (Brazil)
* Oenothera montevidensis W.Dietr. – (Uruguay)
* Oenothera odorata Jacq. – (Argentina, Chile)
* Oenothera parodiana Munz
** O. parodiana ssp. brasiliensis W.Dietr. – (Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay)
** O. parodiana ssp. parodiana – (Argentina)
** O. parodiana ssp. strigulosa W.Dietr. – (Argentina)
* Oenothera picensis Phil.
** O. picensis ssp. bonariensis W.Dietr. – (Argentina)
** O. picensis ssp. cordobensis W.Dietr. – (Argentina)
** O. picensis ssp. picensis – (Chile)
* Oenothera ravenii W.Dietr. – (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay)
** O. ravenii ssp. argentinae W.Dietr. – (Argentina, Brazil)
** O. ravenii ssp. chilensis W.Dietr. – (Chile)
** O. ravenii ssp. ravenii – (Brazil)
* Oenothera stricta Ledeb. ex Link
** O. stricta ssp. altissima W.Dietr. – (Argentina)
** O. stricta ssp. argentinae W.Dietr. – (Argentina)
** O. stricta ssp. stricta – (Chile)

#### series Clelandia

* Oenothera elongata Rusby – (Bolivia, Peru)
* Oenothera punae Kuntze – (Bolivia)
* Oenothera siambonensis W.Dietr. – (Argentina)
* Oenothera villaricae W.Dietr. – (Argentina, Chile)

#### series Renneria

* Oenothera longituba W.Dietr. – (Argentina)
* Oenothera nana Griseb. – (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru)
* Oenothera pedunculifolia W.Dietr. – (Argentina)
* Oenothera peruana W.Dietr. – (Chile, Peru)
* Oenothera sandiana Hassk. – (Chile, Ecuador)
* Oenothera santarii W.Dietr. – (Argentina)
* Oenothera scabra K.Krause
** O. scabra ssp. scabra – (Bolivia, Peru)
** O. scabra ssp. ucrosensis W.Dietr. – (Peru)
* Oenothera tafiensis W.Dietr.
** O. tafiensis ssp. parviflora W.Dietr. – (Argentina)
** O. tafiensis ssp. tafiensis – (Argentina)
* Oenothera tarijensis W.Dietr. – (Bolivia)
* Oenothera versicolor Lehm. – (Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru)

### subsect. Nutantigemma

* Oenothera breedlovei W.Dietr. & W.L.Wagner - (Mexico)
* Oenothera pennellii Munz - (Mexico)
* Oenothera pubescens Willd. ex Spreng. – South American evening primrose (southwestern U.S to western South America)
* Oenothera tamrae W.Dietr. & W.L.Wagner - (Mexico)

### subsect. Oenothera

* Oenothera argillicola Mack. – shale-barren evening primrose (MD, PA, VA, WV)
* Oenothera biennis L. – common evening primrose (North America)
* Oenothera elata Kunth – Hooker's evening primrose (western North America)
** O. elata ssp. elata – (Mexico, Central America)
** O. elata ssp. hirsutissima (A.Gray ex S.Watson) W.Dietr. – (western U.S.)
** O. elata ssp. hookeri (Torr. & A.Gray) W.Dietr. & W.L.Wagner
** O. elata ssp. texensis W.Dietr. & W.L.Wagner – (Texas)
* Oenothera glazioviana Micheli – red-sepal evening primrose (North America)
* Oenothera grandiflora L'Hér. – large-flower evening primrose (eastern North America)
* Oenothera jamesii Torr. & A.Gray – trumpet evening primrose (Mexico, KS, OK, TX)
* Oenothera longissima Rydb. – long-stem evening primrose (southwestern North America)
* Oenothera nutans G.F.Atk. & Bartlett – nodding evening primrose (eastern North America)
* Oenothera oakesiana (A.Gray) J.W.Robbins ex S.Watson – Oakes' evening primrose (eastern North America)
* Oenothera parviflora L. – northern evening primrose (North America)
* Oenothera villosa Thunb. – hairy evening primrose (North America)
** O. villosa ssp. strigosa (Rydb.) W. Dietr. & P.H. Raven
** O. villosa ssp. villosa
* Oenothera wolfii (Munz) P.H.Raven W.Dietr. & Stubbe – Wolf's evening primrose (California)

### subsect. Raimannia

* Oenothera drummondii Hook. – beach evening primrose
** O. drummondii ssp. drummondii – (Atlantic coast, North Carolina to Mexico)
** O. drummondii ssp. thalassaphila (Brandegee) W.Dietr. & W.L.Wagner – (southern Baja California coast)
* Oenothera falfurriae W.Dietr. & W.L.Wagner – royal evening primrose (southeastern Texas)
* Oenothera grandis (Britton) Smyth – showy evening primrose (U.S. & Mexico)
* Oenothera humifusa Nutt. – sea-beach evening primrose (southeast U.S.)
* Oenothera laciniata Hill – cutleaf evening primrose (North & South America)
** O. laciniata ssp. laciniata
** O. laciniata ssp. pubescens (Willd. ex Spreng.) Munz – (Ecuador)
* Oenothera mexicana Spach – Mexican evening primrose (southeastern Texas)

## Section Pachylophus

Oenothera sect. Pachylophus (Spach) W.L.Wagner – western North America.
* Oenothera brandegeei (Munz) P.H.Raven – (near Bahia de los Angeles)
* Oenothera cavernae Munz – cave-dwelling evening primrose (AZ, NV, UT)
* Oenothera cespitosa Nutt.1813
** O. cespitosa ssp. cespitosa – tufted evening primrose (western North America)
** O. cespitosa ssp. crinita (Rydb.) Munz – tufted evening primrose (southwest North America)
** O. cespitosa ssp. macroglottis (Rydb.) W.L.Wagner, Stockh. & W.M.Klein – tufted evening primrose (CO, NM, UT, WY)
** O. cespitosa ssp. marginata (Nutt. ex Hook. & Arn.) Munz – tufted evening primrose
** O. cespitosa ssp. navajoensis W.L.Wagner, Stockh, & W.M.Klein – Navajo evening primrose (AZ, NM, NV, UT)
* Oenothera harringtonii W.L.Wagner, Stockh. & W.M.Klein – Colorado Springs evening primrose (Colorado)
* Oenothera psammophila (A.Nels. & J.F.Macbr.) W.L.Wagner, Stockh. & W.M.Klein – St. Anthony Dunes evening primrose (Idaho)

## Section Paradoxus

Oenothera sect. Paradoxus W. L. Wagner – distribution within the Chihuahuan Desert.
* Oenothera havardii S.Watson − Havard's evening primrose (Arizona, Texas)

## Section Peniophyllum

Oenothera sect. Peniophyllum (Pennell) Munz – The single species is found in the southeastern U.S.
* Oenothera linifolia Nutt. – thread-leaf evening primrose

## Section Ravenia

Oenothera sect. Ravenia W.L.Wagner – within Mexico.
* Oenothera muelleri Munz – (northeast Mexico)
* Oenothera riskindii W.L.Wagner – (Coahuila)
* Oenothera tubifera Ser.
** O. tubifera ssp. macrocarpa W.L.Wagner – (Durango)
** O. tubifera ssp. tubifera

## Section Xanthocoryne

Oenothera sect. Xanthocoryne W.L.Wagner & Hoch – from central Mexico to northern South America.
* Oenothera epilobiifolia Kunth – (Colombia, Mexico)
** O. epilobiifolia ssp. cuprea (Schlecht.) P.H.Raven & D.R.Parn.
** O. epilobiifolia ssp. epilobiifolia – (Venezuela)
* Oenothera multicaulis Ruíz & Pav. – (South America)
* Oenothera seifrizii Munz – (Colombia, Venezuela)