OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Howard T. Owens Jr.

Howard Thomas Owens Jr. (July 20, 1934 – April 3, 2018) was an American politician, lawyer and judge.

## Early life and education

He was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut the eldest of three children of Howard T. Owens, Sr. and Clarisse Baillargeon Owens. Howard Thomas Owens Jr.'s father was from Bridgeport and his mother was from Saint-Urbain, Quebec, Canada.
Howard Thomas Owens Jr. graduated from the College of the Holy Cross in 1956 and Vanderbilt University School of Law in 1959. He served in the U.S. Army Reserve from 1958–64, was an Assistant U.S. Attorney for the District of Connecticut from 1964–68, and was a partner in Owens and Schine, later Owens, Schine, Nicola and Donahue, the law firm founded by his father.

## Career

Howard Thomas Owens Jr. represented Bridgeport and Trumbull in the Connecticut State Senate from the old 22nd District, serving for six terms between 1975 and 1989. While in the State Senate, he served as Assistant Majority Leader, and as Chairman of both the Judiciary and Transportation Committees. During his Senate terms, he sponsored legislation establishing the Connecticut Appellate Court; was responsible for numerous state and federal highway projects, including the expansion of Route 8; was the main sponsor of drunk driving legislation; and was honored as Mother's Against Drunk Driving's (MADD) Man of the Year. He was also a consumer advocate and sponsored legislation affecting consumer rights.
He became a Judge of the Connecticut Superior Court in 1998, where he tried major felony cases and was assigned for more than two years to a panel that tried only murder cases. He also tried contested marital cases, administrative appeals, land use cases, and Freedom of Information matters. He presided in Hartford, New Haven, New Britain, Danbury, and Bridgeport, and also served in the Juvenile Court.
Howard Thomas Owens Jr. was involved in a broad range of professional and civic organizations. He was the first chairman of the Bridgeport Legal Services Board of Directors, a former chairman of the Southeastern Fairfield County Chapter of the American National Red Cross, twice chairman of the Bridgeport Charter Revision Commission, a former member of the City of Bridgeport Ethics Commission, a member of the boards of directors of the Food Bank of Fairfield County, Quazar, Bridge House, and St. Luke's Foundation. He was also a supporter of the Shehan Center, the Bridgeport Boys and Girls Club, and the Child and Family Guidance Center. He was also active in professional legal organizations having served as an officer and member of the Board of Governors of the Connecticut Bar Association; was former State Chairman of the Junior Bar Association; and also was a member of the Criminal Justice Section of the Connecticut Bar Association. He was honored with the Greater Bridgeport Bar Association's Career Service Award in 2013 in recognition of outstanding service as a prosecutor, lawyer, legislator, and judge. He was also a member of the General Gold Selleck Silliman Chapter of the Sons of the American Revolution, and a past member of the Brooklawn Country Club.
# Joël Thomas

Joël Fabrice Goho Bah Thomas (born 30 June 1987) is a French footballer who last played for Andorran Primera Divisió side UE Engordany.

## Club career

Thomas joined Bordeaux in 2005, and spent two years with them, before moving to Germany with Kaiserslautern. In August 2008, he had a trial with Premier League club Wigan Athletic in August. Shortly after that, Thomas joined Hamilton Accies. He scored in the League Cup tie against Clyde.
He signed for Colchester for a fee of £125,000, on 21 July 2009 from Hamilton Academical.
He rejoined Hamilton Accies on loan in January 2010.
His contract with Colchester United was terminated by mutual consent on 31 July 2010.
On 12 August 2010, Hamilton signed free agent Thomas for a third time ahead of the new SPL season.
Thomas signed a contract of six-month in Greece for Ionikos on 27 January 2011.
In June 2013, Thomas signed a contract for three years with Dinamo București. His first goals for Dinamo were scored in a Romanian Cup game, against Chindia Târgoviște. He was released in December 2015.
On 1 March 2016, it was confirmed that Thomas had signed for Raith Rovers.
In February 2019, he joined UE Engordany.

## International career

Thomas is eligible to play for France through birth, Ivory Coast through lineage, and was coveted by Mali, while he was playing for Colchester.
# Yuvraj Chudasama

Yuvraj Chudasama (born 23 November 1995) is an Indian cricketer. He made his Twenty20 debut for Saurashtra in the 2017–18 Zonal T20 League on 8 January 2018. He made his List A debut for Saurashtra in the 2018–19 Vijay Hazare Trophy on 23 September 2018. He made his first-class debut for Saurashtra in the 2018–19 Ranji Trophy on 28 November 2018.
# Smith McPherson

Smith McPherson (February 14, 1848 – January 17, 1915) was a United States representative from Iowa and a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Iowa.

## Education and career

Born on February 14, 1848, near Mooresville, Morgan County, Indiana, McPherson attended the common schools and Mooresville Academy. He received a Bachelor of Laws in 1870 from the University of Iowa College of Law. He was admitted to the bar and entered private practice in Red Oak, Iowa from 1870 to 1874. He was district attorney for the Third Judicial District of Iowa from 1874 to 1880. He was Attorney General of Iowa from 1881 to 1885. He resumed private practice in Red Oak from 1885 to 1899.

## Congressional service

In August 1898, McPherson defeated incumbent congressman Alva L. Hager and two others in the race for the Republican nomination in Iowa's 9th congressional district. For several days, no candidate received the required number of votes, but McPherson prevailed on the 618th ballot, after Hager threw his support to him. McPherson was then elected to the United States House of Representatives of the 56th United States Congress and served from March 4, 1899, until his resignation on June 6, 1900, to accept a federal judicial post.

## Federal judicial service

McPherson was nominated by President William McKinley on April 3, 1900, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Southern District of Iowa vacated by Judge John Simson Woolson. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on May 7, 1900, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated on January 17, 1915, due to his death in Red Oak. He was interred in Evergreen Cemetery in Red Oak.

### Notable case

In McPherson's final year on the bench, he upheld the constitutionality of Iowa's workers' compensation statute against an attack by an employer alleging that it violated due process.
# Jay Hubbell

Jay Abel Hubbell (September 15, 1829 – October 13, 1900) was a politician and judge from the U.S. state of Michigan, who served as a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives.
Hubbell was born in Avon (now Rochester Hills), Michigan. He graduated from the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in 1853, studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1855. He was elected district attorney of the Upper Peninsula in 1857 and 1859. Two years later, he began serving as prosecuting attorney of Houghton County from 1861 to 1867.
In 1872, Hubbell was elected as a Republican to the 43rd and to the four succeeding Congresses, serving from March 4, 1873, to March 3, 1883, becoming the first to represent Michigan's 9th congressional district. Governor John J. Bagley appointed Hubbell as state commissioner to the 1876 Centennial International Exhibition, in which capacity he collected and prepared the state exhibit of minerals. During the 47th Congress he chaired the Committee on Expenditures in the Department of the Interior.
Hubbell is, perhaps, best known for his creation of the "Grand Army Journal" newspaper. This libelous publication was almost universally denounced. Its sole purpose was to defame Senator Thomas Ferry. Ferry was a powerful Senator who was well regarded in Michigan and across the country. Hubbell sought (unsuccessfully) to take his place in the Senate by throwing slanderous headlines in his "Journal" which he mailed out by the thousands.
After leaving Congress, he served in the Michigan Senate from 1885 to 1887, was a presidential elector for Michigan in the 1892 election, and served as circuit judge of the twelfth judicial circuit from 1894 until his resignation in 1899. He died in Houghton, Michigan, and is interred there at Forest Hill Cemetery.
Hubbell is the figure most responsible for getting the state legislature to establish a school of mines for the training of mine engineers in Houghton. Hubbell donated land for the school's first buildings in 1885. The school of mines eventually expanded into Michigan Technological University.
Jay Abel Hubbell is the eponym of Hubbell, an unincorporated community in Houghton County.
# Robert V. Kohn

Robert V. Kohn (born in 1953) is an American mathematician working on partial differential equations, calculus of variations, mathematical materials science, and mathematical finance. He is a professor at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University.

## Biography

Kohn studied mathematics at Harvard University, obtaining his bachelor's degree in 1974. He obtained his Ph.D. at Princeton University in 1979, as a student of Frederick Almgren.

## Work

Kohn is best known for his work on non-linear partial differential equations, including work with Louis Nirenberg and Luis Caffarelli in which they obtained partial results about the regularity of weak solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations.

## Honors

He received a Sloan Research Fellowship in 1984. In 2006, he was a plenary speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians, in Madrid (Energy driven pattern formation). He is a fellow of the American Mathematical Society. He is an elected member of American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

## Selected publications

* with L. Caffarelli and L. Nirenberg: "Partial regularity of suitable weak solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations", Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics, n. 35 i. 6, pp. 771–831.
* with L. Caffarelli and L. Nirenberg, "First order interpolation inequalities with weights", Compositio Mathematica n. 53 i. 3, pp. 259–275.
* with Gilbert Strang, "Optimal design and relaxation of variational problems, I", Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics, n. 39 i. 1, pp. 113–137.
# Leslie Trapp

Leslie Trapp is an American politician from Kentucky who was a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1993 to 1995. Trapp was elected in 1992 after incumbent Republican representative Pat Freibert retired. In 1994 he was defeated for reelection by Republican Ernie Fletcher.
# Mir Maleki

Mir Maleki (Persian: ميرملكي, also Romanized as Mīr Malekī) is a village in Varavi Rural District, Varavi District, Mohr County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 798, in 152 families.
# Simen Standerholen

Simen Standerholen (born 15 October 1993) is a retired Norwegian football midfielder.
Growing up in Berg, Østfold club Berg IL, he joined the junior setup of Fredrikstad and was also capped as a Norway youth international. He made his Eliteserien debut in June 2011 against Odd, and also played two matches in 2012 Eliteserien (and was loaned out to Østsiden) before Fredrikstad was relegated. He featured during the next two 1. divisjon seasons. He was released ahead of the 2016 season.
# Ashwin Das

Ashwin Das (born 16 December 1995) is an Indian cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Madhya Pradesh in the 2016–17 Ranji Trophy on 27 October 2016.
# Johann Nopel der Ältere

Johann Nopel der Ältere (died 6 July 1556) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Auxiliary Bishop of Cologne (1539–1556).

## Biography

On 29 October 1539, Johann Nopel der Ältere was appointed during the papacy of Pope Paul III as Auxiliary Bishop of Cologne and Titular Bishop of Cyrene. He served as Auxiliary Bishop of Cologne until his death on 6 July 1556. While bishop, he was the principal consecrator of Rembert von Kerssenbrock, Bishop of Paderborn (1548).
# Nicholson Road railway station

Nicholson Road railway station is an under-construction station on the Thornlie line in Perth, Western Australia as part of Metronet. It is planned to open in 2025.
The station will include a bus interchange with 7 stands, and 1,000 car parking spaces. The station will be at-grade, with pedestrian and bicycle access from a new shared path along Canna Drive or via the Nicholson Road underpass, and vehicle and bus access from Tulloch Way and Panama Street. Approximately 2,350 daily boardings are predicted at Nicholson Road railway station in 2031. Services to Perth and Cockburn Central will be provided by Transperth Trains, with the journey to Perth to take approximately 26 minutes. It is 28 minutes to Perth via the Mandurah line.

## History

A station at Nicholson Road was first planned as part of the proposed Armadale line branch route of the Mandurah line.$^{:45}$ This station was ultimately not constructed as the final route was altered to a different alignment.$^{:viii}$
Construction of the station started in 2020, with first trains expected to run in mid-2025.
At the 2021–22 State Budget, it was announced that the Thornlie–Cockburn link had been deferred by 12 months, as a result of Western Australia's skills shortage. This was alongside the deferment of 15 other state government infrastructure projects. The revised opening date is late 2024. In August 2022, it was announced that the Thornlie–Cockburn link had been delayed until 2025.
# Efferent coupling

Efferent coupling is a coupling metric in software development. It measures the number of data types a class knows about.
This includes inheritance, interface implementation, parameter types, variable types, and exceptions.
This has also been referred to by Robert C. Martin as the Fan-out stability metric which in his book Clean Architecture he describes as Outgoing dependencies. This metric identifies the number of classes inside this component that depend on classes outside the component.
This metric is often used to calculate instability of a component in software architecture as I = Fan-out / (Fan-in + Fan-out). This metric has a range [0,1]. I = 0 is maximally stable while I = 1 is maximally unstable.
# Kass, Swat

Kass (often mention as: Kas or Kass Manglawar)(Pashto: کس)is an administrative unit, known as Village Council in Union Council Aka Maruf Bami Khel in Tehsil Babuzai, of Swat District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
According to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Local Government Act 2013. District Swat has 214 Wards, of which total amount of Village Councils is 170, and Neighborhood is 44.
Aka Maruf Bami Khel is Territorial Ward, which is further divided in four Village Councils:
Kass, Sar Sardarai، Banjot and Bishbanr.
According to Election Commission of Pakistan, Kass consists of:
Population of Village Council Kass is 1973, and no of General Seats in Local Bodies Election is 5.
# Blitz (company)

Blitz Co., Ltd. is a tuning company headquartered in Nishitōkyō, Tokyo, Japan. It formerly specialized in turbo compression using Kühnle, Kopp & Kausch turbos on their first achievements, Blitz is now a general tuner offering parts ranging from simple pressure gauge to supercharging kit, including body kits.

## Motorsports

Blitz also stands out in motorsport events such as in D1GP and drag racing. In D1GP, the company is represented by Ken Nomura and his Blitz D1 Spec ER34 Skyline. Blitz is also present in drag racing thanks to a Toyota Supra which cuts the quarter mile in about 9 seconds.

## Media

Blitz is featured prominently in the racing manga and anime series, MF Ghost, with the company's logo appearing prominently on the main character's Toyota 86.
# Džemal Perović

Džemal Perović (Albanian: Xhemal Peroviq, Montenegrin Cyrillic: Џемал Перовић, born 1956 in Ulcinj, SR Montenegro, SFRY) is a Montenegrin civic and political activist, former member of Parliament of Montenegro.
After the introduction of the multi-party system in Montenegro in 1990, he was one of the founding members of the Liberal Alliance of Montenegro (LSCG), he was a LSCG MP in the Montenegrin national assembly until the dissolution of the party in 2005. after the dissolution of LSCG, he returned to his hometown of Ulcinj, where he engaged in agrarian family business, as well local civic and political activism.

## 2019 anti-corruption protests

In mid-January 2019, a video clip from 2016 surfaced in which long-term President and PM of Montenegro Milo Đukanovićs former ally, British-Montenegrin businessman Duško Knežević, appeared to hand the Mayor of Podgorica and high-ranked Đukanović's party member, Slavoljub "Migo" Stijepović, an envelope containing what Knežević later said was $97,000, to fund a Democratic Party of Socialists parliamentary election campaign. After fleeing to London, Knežević told the media he had been providing such unreported money to the Đukanović's party for the past 25 years. Protests against corruption within Montenegrin DPS-lead government have started in February 2019 soon after the revelation of footage and documents that appear to implicate top officials in obtaining suspicious funds for the ruling party. The mass protests were organized by newly formed "97,000 - Odupri se!" (97,000 - Resist!) civic group, an informal group of intellectuals, academics, NGO activists and journalists and supported from Montenegrin opposition parties. Perović was the informal leader of a civic group and anti-corruption protests. The protests failed in mid-2019. Involved in corruption affairs within the government and the ruling Democratic Party of Socialists remain in their offices.
# Mirzaali

Mirzaali (Persian: ميرزاعلي, also Romanized as Mīrzā‘alī) is a village in Poshtkuh-e Rostam Rural District, Sorna District, Rostam County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 52, in 8 families.
# Thomas Helland Larsen

Thomas Helland Larsen (born 20 April 1998) is a Norwegian cross-country skier.
At the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics he finished fourth in the 10 kilometre, won the silver medal in the cross-country cross event and the gold medal in the sprint event. Competing at the 2017 and 2018 Junior World Championships, his biggest success was the 2017 event where he won a gold medal in the 4 × 5 kilometre relay and the silver medal in the 10 + 10 kilometre skiathlon.
He made his World Cup debut at the March 2020 sprint in Konnerud, also collecting his first World Cup points with a 26th place. He improved to 21st in February 2021 in Ulricehamn. His definitive breakthrough came in December 2021 in Lillehammer, where he finished second in the sprint.
He represents the sports club Fossum IF.

## Cross-country skiing results

All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

### World Cup
#### Season standings

| Season | Age | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Ski Tour standings | Ski Tour standings | Ski Tour standings |
| Season | Age | Overall | Distance | Sprint | U23 | Nordic Opening | Tour de Ski | Ski Tour 2020 |
| 2020 | 21 | 136 | — | 82 | 12 | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 22 | 105 | — | 63 | 15 | — | — | — |
| 2022 | 23 | 42 | — | 17 | — | — | — | — |
| 2023 | 24 | 144 | — | 80 | — | — | — | — |

#### Individual podiums

* 1 podium – (1 WC)
| No. | Season | Date | Location | Race | Level | Place |
| 1 | 2021–22 | 3 December 2021 | Lillehammer, Norway | 1.6 km Sprint F | World Cup | 2nd |

#### Team podiums

* 1 victory – (1 TS)
* 1 podium – (1 TS)
| No. | Season | Date | Location | Race | Level | Place | Teammate |
| 1 | 2021–22 | 19 December 2021 | Dresden, Germany | 12 × 0.65 km Team Sprint F | World Cup | 1st | Northug |
# Gu Cheng

Gu Cheng (simplified Chinese: 顾城; traditional Chinese: 顧城; September 24, 1956 – October 8, 1993) was a famous Chinese modern poet, essayist and novelist. He was a prominent member of the "Misty Poets", a group of Chinese modernist poets.

## Biography

Gu Cheng was born in Beijing on 24 September 1956. He was the son of a prominent party member and the army poet Gu Gong. At the age of twelve, his family was sent to rural Shandong because of the Cultural Revolution (as means of re-education) where they bred pigs. There, he claimed to have learned poetry directly from nature.
In the late 1970s, Gu became associated with the journal Today (Jintian) which began a movement in poetry known as "menglong" 朦胧 meaning "hazy", "obscure". He became an international celebrity and travelled around the world accompanied by his wife, Xie Ye. The two settled in Rocky Bay, a small village on Waiheke Island, Auckland, New Zealand in 1987. Gu taught Chinese at the University of Auckland in the City of Auckland.
In October 1993, Gu Cheng attacked his wife with an axe before hanging himself. She died later on the way to a hospital. The story of his death was widely covered in the Chinese media.

## "A Generation"

The two-line poem titled "A Generation" ("一代人") was perhaps Gu Cheng's most famous contribution to contemporary Chinese literature. It had been considered an accurate representation of the younger generation during the Chinese Cultural Revolution seeking knowledge and future.
(translated by Juan Yuchi) The darkest night gave me dark-colored eyes Yet with them I'm seeking light
黑夜给了我黑色的眼睛
我却用它寻找光明

## Legacy

Gu Cheng's life was dramatised in the 1998 film The Poet (Chinese: 顧城別戀; pinyin: gùchéng bié liàn), which focussed on his recurrent depression and the murder of his wife.
# Halayudha

Halāyudha (Sanskrit: हलायुध) wrote the Mṛtasañjīvanī, a commentary on Pingala's Chandaḥśāstra, was an Indian Mathematician and poet who lived and worked in the 10th century. The Chandaḥśāstra by the Indian lyricist Piṅgala (3rd or 2nd century BC) somewhat crypically describes a method of arranging two types of syllables to form metres of various lengths and counting them; as interpreted and elaborated by Halāyudha his "method of pyramidal expansion" (meru-prastāra) for counting metres is equivalent to Pascal's triangle.

## Biography

Halayudha originally resided at the Rashtrakuta capital Manyakheta, where he wrote under the patronage of emperor Krishna III. His Kavi-Rahasya eulogizes Krishna III. Later, he migrated to Ujjain in the Paramara kingdom. There, he composed Mṛta-Sañjīvanī in honour of the Paramara king Munja.

## Works

Halayudha composed the following works:
* Kavi-Rahasya, a book on poetics
* Mṛta-Sañjīvanī, a commentary on Pingala's Chandaḥ-śāstra
* Abhidhana-ratna-mala, a lexicon
* Halāyudha Kośa, a dictionary
# Pink Heartz

Pink Heartz is the debut studio album by American rapper SoFaygo. It was released on November 11, 2022, through Cactus Jack Records. The album features guest appearances from Ken Carson, Lil Uzi Vert, Don Toliver, Gunna, and DJ Khaled.

## Background

Pink Heartz was first teased by SoFaygo in May 2021 shortly after it was announced that he had signed to Travis Scott's Cactus Jack Records. He would occasionally share snippets and provide additional updates over the course of the year, and appeared on both Trippie Redd and labelmate Don Toliver’s albums in August and October 2021 respectively, further building anticipation for the release of his own project. He would release the single "Let's Lose Our Minds" on September 1, 2021, which did not end up being a part of the final album.
After several months with minimal updates and no releases, SoFaygo released the EP B4Pink on June 14, 2022 as a preview to the album, and on the same day he was revealed to be part of the 2022 XXL Freshman Class.
   Pink Heartz is definitely dropping sooner than y'all think. It's a lot going on right now. So, it's just like, it's all about timing right now, you feel what I'm saying?
A preview for the SoFaygo: Up Next film would also release on Apple Music and YouTube. The lead single “Hell Yeah” featuring Ken Carson was featured in a commercial for Beats by Dre which debuted the same day, starring LeBron James and his son Bronny.