# List of pusher aircraft by configuration and date

A pusher aircraft is a type of aircraft using propellers placed behind the engines. Pushers may be classified according to lifting surfaces layout (conventional or 3 surface, canard, joined wing, tailless and rotorcraft) as well as engine/propeller location and drive. For historical interest, pusher aircraft are also classified by date. Some aircraft have a Push-pull configuration with both tractor and pusher engines. The list includes these even if the pusher engine is just added to a conventional layout (engines inside the wings or above the wing for example).

## Conventional and three surface layouts

The conventional layout of an aircraft has wings ahead of the empennage.

### Direct drive
#### Propeller ahead of tail
##### Between frames (Farman layout)

* Voisin-Farman I 1907, 60 built
* AEA June Bug 1908 experimental, 1 built
* Cody British Army Aeroplane No 1 1908, 1 built
* AEA Silver Dart 1909, first flight in Canada, 1 built
* Curtiss No. 1 1909 Golden Flyer biplane, 1 built
* Curtiss No. 2 1909 Reims racer biplane, 1 built
* Cody Michelin Cup Biplane 1910, 1 built
* Bristol Boxkite 1910 trainer, 78 built
* Howard Wright 1910 Biplane 1910, 7 built
* Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.1 1910 biplane, 1 built
* Wright Model B 1910 biplane 2 seater, about 100 built
* Cody Circuit of Britain biplane 1911, 1 built
* Curtiss Model D 1911 biplane, 1 seat
* Curtiss Model E 1911 biplane floatplane, 17+ built
* Baldwin Red Devil 1911 aerobatic biplane, 6 built
* Farman MF.7 1911 biplane, unk no. built
* Cody V biplane 1912, 2 built
* Cody VI biplane/floatplane 1913, 1 built
* Short S.38 1912, 48 built
* Farman HF.20 1913 military biplane, unk no. built
* Farman MF.11 1913 biplane, unk no. built
* Grahame-White Type X Charabanc 1913 transport, 1 built
* Short S.80 Nile Pusher Biplane Seaplane 1913, 1 built
* Grahame-White Type XV 1913 trainer, 135 built
* Sopwith Bat Boat 1913, 6 built

##### Between frames or booms (1915 and later)

* Breguet Bre.4 1914 2 seat military biplane, about 100 built
* Grahame-White Type XI 1914 reconnaissance biplane, 1 built
* Short S.81 1914, 1 built
* Sopwith Gunbus 1914, 35 built (including floatplanes)
* Vickers F.B.5 1914, 224 built
* Voisin III 1914 bomber, about 3200 built
* Wight Pusher Seaplane 1914, 11 built
* Breguet Bre.5 1915 2 seat military biplane, unk no. built
* AD Scout 1915 interceptor, 4 built
* AGO C.II 1915 reconnaissance biplane, 15 built
* Airco DH.1 1915 biplane, 2 seat, 100 built,
* Airco DH.2 1915 biplane fighter, 453 built
* Avro 508 1915, 1 built
* Farman F.30 1915 military biplane, unk no. built
* Farman F.40 1915 military biplane, unk no. built
* Otto C.I 1915 reconnaissance biplane, unk no. built
* Pemberton-Billing P.B.25 1915 scout, 20 built
* Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.2 1915 military biplane, 1939 built
* Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.8 1915 biplane fighter, 295 built
* Voisin IV
* Voisin V 1915 bomber, about 350 built
* Breguet Bre.12 1916 2 seat military biplane, unk no. built
* Friedrichshafen FF.34 1916 patrol seaplane, 1 built
* Häfeli DH-1 1916 reconnaissance biplane, 6 built
* Vickers F.B.12 1916 fighter, about 22 built
* Voisin VII 1916 reconnaissance biplane, about 100 built
* Voisin VIII 1916 bomber, about 1,100 built
* Blackburn Triplane 1917 fighter, 1 built
* Curtiss Autoplane 1917 (hops only) roadable aircraft, 1 built
* Port Victoria P.V.4 1917 floatplane, 1 built.
* Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.9 1917 2 seat fighter, 3 built
* Royal Aircraft Factory N.E.1 1917 night fighter, 6 built
* Savoia-Pomilio SP.3 1917 reconnaissance biplane about 350 built
* Vickers F.B.26 Vampire 1917, 4 built
* Voisin IX 1917 reconnaissance biplane, 1 built
* Voisin X 1917 bomber, about 900 built
* Vickers VIM 1920, 35 built

##### Between booms

* Henderson H.S.F.1 1929 transport, 1 built
* Campbell Model F 1930 private airplane, 1 built
* Hanriot H.110 1933 fighter, 1 built
* Stearman-Hammond Y-1 1934 safety airplane about 20 built
* de Schelde Scheldemusch 1935 1 seat biplane trainer, 6 built
* ITS-8 1936 motorglider monoplane, 2 built
* SCAL FB.30 Avion Bassou 1936 2 seat light aircraft, 2 built
* Abrams P-1 Explorer 1937, 1 built
* SAIMAN LB.2 1937 2 seat monoplane, 1 built
* Alliet-Larivière Allar 4, 1938 experimental 2 seat, 1 built
* General Aircraft GAL.33 Cagnet 1939 trainer, 1 built
* WNF Wn 16 1939, Austrian experimental aircraft
* General Aircraft GAL.47 1940 observation, 1 built
* de Schelde S.21 1940 fighter mockup (unflown)
* Fane F.1/40 1941 observation monoplane, 1 built
* Saab 21 1943 fighter, 298 built
* Vultee XP-54 1943 fighter, 2 built
* Skoda-Kauba V6 1944 1 seat, 1 built
1945 and later
* Convair 106 Skycoach 1946 4 seater, one built
* Fokker F.25 1946 4 seater, 20 built
* SECAN Courlis 1946 transport, unk no. built
* Anderson Greenwood AG-14 1947 2 seat experimental, 6 built
* Heston JC.6/AOP 1947 2 seat reconnaissance, 2 built
* Alaparma Baldo 1949 1 seat, about 35 built
* SNCASO SO.8000 Narval 1949 naval fighter, 2 built
* Anderson Greenwood AG-14 1950 2 seats, 6 built
* SIAI-Marchetti FN.333 Riviera 1952 amphibie 4 seater, 29 built
* Potez 75 1953 reconnaissance, 1 built
* SIAI-Marchetti FN.333 Riviera 1962 4 seat amphibian, 29 built
* Akaflieg Stuttgart FS-26 Moseppl 1970 1 seat powered sailplane, unk no. built
* Cessna XMC 1971 research aircraft, 1 built
* Akaflieg Stuttgart FS-28 Avispa 1972 2 seat transport, 1 built
* Kortenbach & Rauh Kora 1973 Motor glider, 2 built
* Lartin Skylark 1973 Utility Prototype
* PZL M-17 1973 Trainer Prototype
* Edgley Optica 1979 ducted fan observation aircraft 21 built
1980 and later
* ADI Condor 1981 2 seat motorglider, unk no. built
* Acapella 200 1982 homebuilt, 1 built
* Applebay Zia 1982 1 seat ultralight motorglider, 4 built
* Sadler Vampire 1982 Ultralight
* Spectrum SA-550 1983 Utility prototype, 2 built
* RTAF-5 1984 Trainer prototype
* Aero Dynamics Sparrow Hawk Mk.II 1984 Experimental 2 seater
* NPO Molniya 1993 transport 6 seater, 2 built
* Yakovlev Yak-58 1993 Utility, 7 built
* HFL Stratos 300 1996 1 seat ultralight motorglider
* NPP Aerorik Dingo 1997 multi-role amphibian (air cushion), 6 built
* Toucan PJ-1B 1998 experimental 1 seat, one built
* Creative Flight Aerocat 2001 Transport Prototype
* Airsport Song 2009 ultralight
* Northrop Grumman Firebird 2010 Reconnaissance Prototype
* Ion Aircraft Ion 2007 prototype 2 seater tandem, 1 built
* Terrafugia Transition 2009 roadable airplane 2 seater, 2 built
* WLT Sparrow 2010 Ultralight, 13 built
* Synergy Aircraft Synergy 2011 Double boxtail demonstrator electric powered 1/4 scale model, in development
* AHRLAC Holdings Ahrlac 2014 reconnaissance attack, 1 built
* Commuter Craft Innovator 2016 prototype 2 seater, 1 built
* ISA 180 Seeker 2019 prototype monoplane

##### Between booms / UAV's

* IAI Scout 1977 UAV drone
* AAI RQ-2 Pioneer1986 UAV drone
* EADS Harfang 2008 UAV drone

##### Between outboard tail booms

* Blohm & Voss P208 1944 fighter project
* Skoda-Kauba SK SL6 1944 research one seat project

##### Coaxially in rear fuselage

* Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.3/A.E.1 1913 armoured biplane, 1 built
* Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.6, 1914, 1 built
* Gallaudet D-4 1918 seaplane, 2 built
* Vickers Type 161 1931 fighter prototype (with structural frame), 1 built
* Austria Krähe 1960 1 seat motorglider, unk no. built
* Brditschka HB-3 1971 2 seat motorglider, unk no. built
* Rhein Flugzeugbau RW 3 Multoplan 1955 27 built
* Rhein Flugzeugbau Sirius I 1969, 2 seats
* RFB/Grumman American Fanliner 1973, 2 seats, 2 built
* RFB Fantrainer 1977, 2 seats, 47 built
* Buselec 2, 2010 project, with electric motor
* Otto Celera 500L 2018

##### Nacelle above fuselage

WW1 or Before
* Curtiss Model F 1912 flying boat, 150+ built
* Benoist XIV 1913 transport flying boat, 2 built
* FBA Type A, B, C 1913 patrol flying boat, unk no. built
* Lohner E 1913, about 40 built
* Donnet-Denhaut flying boat 1915 patrol flying boat, about 1,085 built
* FBA Type H 1915 patrol flying boat, ~2000 built
* Grigorovich M-5 1915 patrol flying boat, about 300 built
* Lohner L, R and S 1915, 100+ built
* AD Flying Boat, Supermarine Channel & Sea Eagle 1916 patrol and airline flying boat, 27 built.
* Grigorovich M-9 1916 patrol flying boat, about 500 built
* Grigorovich M-11 1916 fighter flying boat, about 60 built
* Hansa-Brandenburg CC 1916 flying boat fighter, 73 built
* Macchi L.2 1916, reconnaissance flying boat, 17 built
* Macchi M.3 1916, reconnaissance flying boat, 200 built
* Norman Thompson N.T.4 1916 patrol flying boat, 72 built
* Oeffag-Mickl G 1916 trimotor patrol flying boat, 12 built
* Curtiss HS 1917 patrol flying boat, about 1,178 built
* Grigorovich M-15 1917 patrol flying boat, unk no. built
* Macchi M.5 1917, flying boat fighter, 244 built
* Norman Thompson N.T.2B 1917 flying boat trainer, 100+ built
* Tellier T.3 and Tc.6 1917 patrol flying boat, about 155 built
* Hansa-Brandenburg W.20 1918 U-boat flying boat, 3 built
* Macchi M.7 1918 flying boat fighter, 100+ built
* Macchi M.9 1918 flying boat bomber, 30 built
* Macchi M.12 1918 flying boat bomber, about 10 built
* Royal Aircraft Factory C.E.1 1918 flying boat, 2 built
* SIAI S.9 1918 flying boat, unk no. built
* SIAI S.12 1918 flying boat, 1 built
* Sperry Land and Sea Triplane 1918 patrol flying boat, 2 built
* Supermarine Baby 1918 flying boat fighter, 1 built
1920s
* Aeromarine 40 1919 flying boat trainer, 50 built
* Aeromarine 50 1919 transport flying boat, unk no. built
* Boeing B-1 1919 transport flying boat, 1 built
* SIAI S.13 1919 reconnaissance flying boat, unk no. built
* SIAI S.16 1919 flying boat, 100+ built
* Supermarine Sea Lion I & II 1919 racing flying boats, 2 built
* Vickers Viking, Vulture and Vanellus 1919 amphibious flying boats, 34 built.
* Vought VE-10 Batboat 1919 navy flying boat, 1 built
* Macchi M.18 1920 flying boat, 90+ built
* Supermarine Commercial Amphibian 1920, 1 built
* Supermarine Scarab 1923, 12 built
* Supermarine Seal 1921, 4+ built
* Supermarine Seagull 1921, 34 built
* CAMS 30 1922 flying boat trainer, 31 built
* CAMS 31 1922 flying boat fighter, 2 built
* Fokker B.I & III 1922 biplane reconnaissance flying boat, 2 built
* SIAI S.51 1922 racing flying boat, 1 built
* CAMS 38 1923 racing flying boat, 1 built
* FBA 17 1923 flying boat trainer, 300+ built
* Savoia-Marchetti S.57 1923 reconnaissance flying boat, 20 built
* Supermarine Sea Eagle 1923, 3 built
* Canadian Vickers Vedette 1924 forestry patrol flying boat, 60 built
* CANT 7 1924 flying boat trainer, 34 built
* Ikarus ŠM 1924 flying boat trainer, 42 built
* Macchi M.26 1924 flying boat fighter, 2 built
* CANT 10 1925 flying boat airliner, 18 built
* Rohrbach Ro VII Robbe 1925 flying boat, 3 built
* Savoia-Marchetti S.59 1925 reconnaissance flying boat, 240+ built
* CAMS 37 1926 reconnaissance flying boat, 332 built
* CAMS 46 1926 flying boat trainer, unk. no built
* CANT 18 1926 flying boat trainer, 29 built
* Savoia-Marchetti S.62 1926 reconnaissance flying boat, 175+ built
* CANT 25 1927 flying boat fighter, unk no. built
* Canadian Vickers Vista 1927 1 seat monoplane flying boat, 1 built
* Boeing Model 204 Thunderbird 1929 flying boat, 7 built
* Macchi M.41 1927 flying boat fighter, 42 built
* Supermarine Sheldrake 1927, 1 built
* Fokker F.11/B.IV 1928 monoplane transport flying boat, 7 built
* Rohrbach Ro X Romar 1928 flying boat, 3 built
* Savoia-Marchetti S.64 1928 distance record monoplane, 2 built
1930s
* FBA 310 1930 amphibious flying boat transport, 9 built
* SIAI S.67 1930 flying boat fighter, 3 built
* FBA 290 1931, amphibious flying boat trainer, 10 built
* Fizir AF-2 1931 amphibious flying boat trainer, 1 built
* Amiot 110-S 1931 patrol flying boat, 2 built
* Loening XSL 1931 submarine airplane, 1 built
* Beriev MBR-2 1931 flying boat, 1365 built
* Savoia-Marchetti S.66 1931 airliner flying boat, 24 built
* Tupolev MDR-2 1931 flying boat, 1 built
* Aichi AB-4 1932 flying boat, 6 built
* Boeing-Canada A-213 Totem 1932 flying boat, 1 built
* Dornier Do 12 1932 amphibian, 4 seats, 1 built
* Savoia-Marchetti SM.78 1932 patrol flying boat, 49 built
* General Aviation PJ 1933 monoplane flying boat, 5 built
* Loire 50 1933 training amphibian, 7 built
* Savoia-Marchetti SM.80bis 1933 transport amphibian, 1+ built
* Supermarine Seagull/Walrus 1933 military flying boat, 740 built
* Aichi E10A 1934 reconnaissance flying boat, 15 built
* Loire 130 1934 reconnaissance flying boat, 125 built
* Beriev MBR-2 1935 flying boat, 1365 built
* Curtiss-Wright CA-1 1935 amphibious flying boat, 3 built
* Dornier Do 18 1935 monoplane flying boat, 170 built
* Aichi E11A 1937 reconnaissance flying boat, 17 built
* Kawanishi E11K 1937 monoplane flying boat, 2 built
* SNCAO 30 1938 flying boat trainer, 2 built
* Nikol A-2 1939 amphibious flying boat trainer, 1 built
Post War II
* SCAN 20 1945 flying boat trainer, 24 built
* Volmer VJ-21 Jaybird 1947 2 seat light aircraft, unk no. built
* Volmer VJ-22 Sportsman 1958 2 seat homebuilt amphibian, (not all are pushers), 100+ built
* Lake Buccaneer 1959 amphibian, 4 seats, 1000+ built
* Aerosport Woody Pusher 1967 tandem 2 seater, parasol wing, 27 ex.
* Taylor Coot 1969 2 seat homebuilt amphibian, 70 built
* Aerosport Rail 1970 single seat ultralight, twin engine, 1 built
* Osprey Osprey 2 1973 2 seat homebuilt, unk no. built
* 3I Sky Arrow (now marketed by Magnaghi Aeronautica) 1982 maiden flight, ULM/LSA/GA tandem two-seater high wing, some 50 built
* RFB X-114 1977 ground-effect craft prototype 6/7 seat, 1 built
* Freedom Master FM-2 flying boat homebuilt prototype 2 seat, 1 built
* 3I Sky Arrow (Magnaghi Aeronautica) 1982, ULM/LSA/GA 2 seater tandem, about 50 built
* Tisserand Hydroplum and SMAN Pétrel 1983 homebuilt amphibian, about 63 built
* Microleve Corsario 1988 ultralight amphibious homebuilt, unk no. built
* Creative Flight Aerocat 2001 amphibious 4 seater prototype, 1 built
* Airmax Sea Max 2005 2 seat biplane amphibian, unk no. built
* CZAW Mermaid 2005 2 seat amphibious biplane, unk no. built

##### Below tail boom

* Nelson Dragonfly 1947 motorglider, 7 built
* AmEagle American Eaglet 1975 ultralight motorglider, 12 built
* Jean St-Germain Raz-Mut 1976 1 seat ultralight, 7 built
* Alpaero Sirius 1984 1 seat UL motorglider, 20 built
* Taylor Tandem, unk no. built

##### Between up and down tail booms

* Raab Krähe 1958 motorglider 1 seat, 30 built
* Brditschka HB-3, HB-21, HB-23 1971- 1982 motorgliders 2 seater
* HB-204 TornadoHB Flugtechnik 2013 prototype 2 seater

##### Above tailboom

* Loening Model 23 Air Yacht 1921 transport flying boat, 16 built
* Koolhoven F.K.30 Toerist 1927 2 seat monoplane, 1 built
* Curtiss-Wright Junior 1930 2 seat ultralight, 270 built
* Curtiss-Wright CW-3 Duckling 1931 ultralight amphibious flying boat, 3 built
* British Aircraft Company Drone 1932 1 seat ultralight, 33 built
* Siebel Si 201 1938 reconnaissance 2 built
* Republic RC-3 Seabee 1945 4 seat amphibian, 1,060 built
* Fokker F.25 Promotor 1946 transport, 20 built
* Aerauto PL.5C 1949 1949 roadable aircraft, 1 built
* Janowski Don Kichot/J-1 1970 1 seat homebuilt, unk no. built
* Spencer Air Car 1970 4 seat homebuilt amphibian, 51 built
* SZD-45 Ogar 1973 2 seat motorglider, 65 built
* Neukom AN-20 1978 motorglider experimental 1 seat
* Taylor Bird 1980 2 seat homebuilt, unk no. built
* Strojnik S-2 1980 motorglider 1 seater, 8+ built.
* Aérostructure Lutin 80 1983 1 seat ultralight motorglider, 2 built
* Birdman Chinook 1982 ultralight homebuilt, 1100+ built
* Alpha J-5 Marco 1983 1 seat ultralight motorglider, unk no. built
* Quad City Challenger 1983 2 seat ultralight, 3,000+ built
* Spectrum Beaver 1983 ultralight homebuilt, 2080+ built
* Funk Fk6 1985 1 seat ultralight motorglider, unk no. built
* Advanced Aeromarine Buccaneer 1988 2 seat amphibious biplane, unk no. built
* D-8 Moby Dick 1988 2 seater, 37 built
* Seabird Seeker 1989 observation aircraft 2 seater, 31 built
* Technoflug Piccolo 1989 1 seat ultralight motorglider, unk no. built
* Rans s-12 Airaile 1990 2 seater, 1100+ built
* Aeroprakt A-20 Vista 1991 2 seater
* Aviasud Engineering Albatros 1991 UL biplane
* Partenair Mystere 1996 2 seater, 3 built
* AAC SeaStar 1998 2 seat amphibious biplane, 91 built
* Alpaero Exel 1998 motoplaneur monoplane en kit, 9 ex.
* Sea Storm Z2, 1998 hydravion biplane, 12 built
* AAC SeaStar 2002 amphibious 2 seater, 91 built
* Ekolot JK 01A Elf 2006 motorglider monoplane
* Bagalini Bagaliante circa 2010 motorglider 1 seat
* ICON Aircraft A5 2013 2 seat amphibious light sport, in production
* Vickers Aircraft Wave 2 seat carbon fiber amphibious light sport aircraft, in final development

#### Propeller behind the tail

* Pénaud Planophore 1871 first aerodynamically stable fixed-wing aeroplane, rubber powered model, 1 built
* Convair 111 Air Car 1945 roadable airplane, 1 built
* Prescott Pusher 1985 4 seat homebuilt, about 30 built
* Air Quest Nova 21 1992 2 seat homebuilt, unk no. built
* Eviation Alice 2019 transport electric plane prototype in development 10/11 seats

#### Lateral behind wing

* Curtiss H-1 America 1914 transatlantic biplane, 2 built
* Friedrichshafen G.I 1915 bomber, 1 built
* LFG Roland G.I 1915 bomber, 1 built
* Rumpler G.I, II and III 1915 bomber c.220 built
* Schutte-Lanz G.I 1915 bomber 1 built (behind wing)
* Airco DH.3 1916 bomber, 2 built
* Avro 523 Pike 1916 bomber, 2 built
* Friedrichshafen G.II 1916 bomber, 35 built
* Gotha G.II 1916 bomber, 11 built
* Gotha G.III 1916 bomber, 25 built
* Gotha G.IV 1916 bomber, 230 built
* Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.4 1916 bomber, 2 built
* Friedrichshafen G.III 1917 bomber, 338 built
* Gotha G.V 1917 bomber, 205 built
* Boeing GA-1 1920 bomber 10 built
* Udet U 11 Kondor 1926 airliner, 1 built
1930 and later
* Praga E-210 and E-211 1936 transport, 2 built
* Bell YFM-1 Airacuda 1937 interceptor, 13 built
* Convair B-36 Peacemaker 1946 bomber, 384 built
* Baumann Brigadier 1947 transport, 2 built
* Nord 2100 Norazur 1947 transport, 1 built
* Monsted-Vincent MV-1 Starflight 1948 airliner, 1 built
* Piaggio P.136 1948 amphibious transport, 63 built
* Dinfia IA 45 Querandi 1957 5/6 seater, 2 built
* Piaggio P.166 1957 transport, 145 built
* AAC Angel, 1984 transport, 4 built
* Piaggio P.180 Avanti 1986 executive transport, 216+ built
* Mc Donnel Douglas MD-80 1987 Liner experimental Propfan
* EM-11 Orka 2003 4 seat transport, 5 built
* Burevestnik-24 2004 ground-effect aircraft 24 seats, 6 built
* OMA SUD Skycar 2007 transport, 1 built
* Aeroprakt A-36 Vulcan 2011 2 seater

#### Lateral nacelles

* Custer Channel Wing 1942 experimental aircraft, 4 built
* Embraer/FMA CBA 123 Vector 1990 airliner, 2 built
* NAL Saras 2004 airliner, 2 built

### Remote drive
#### Propeller ahead of tail
##### Within airframe

* Megone biplane 1913 2 seat, 1 built
* Fischer Fibo-2a 1954 1 seat motorglider, 1 built
* Rhein Flugzeugbau RW 3 Multoplan 1955 RFB Fantrainer prototype, 27 built
* Kuffner WK-1 1970 motorglider 1 seat, 1 built
* Rhein-Flugzeugbau Sirius II 1972 2 seat motorglider, unk no. built
* Neukom AN-20C 1983 1 seat ultralight homebuilt motorglider, 1 built
* PJ-II Dreamer 2016 jet fighter style 2 seater, 1 built

##### Behind wing

* Burgess model I 1913 patrol floatplane, 1 built
* Mann & Grimmer M.1 1915, 1 built
* Carden-Baynes Bee 1937 2 seat tourer, 1 built
* Raab Krähe 1958 1 seat motorglider, 30 built
* Eipper Quicksilver 1974 1 seat ultralight
* Theseus Aircraft 1996 NASA research aircraft, no pilot, 1 built

#### Inside tail

* Bede XBD-2/BD-3 1961 ducted fan boundary layer control aircraft, 1 built
* Mississippi State University XAZ-1 Marvelette 1962 experimental aircraft to test ideas XV-11 Marvel, 1 built
* Mississippi State University XV-11 Marvel 1965 boundary layer control test aircraft, 1 built

#### Behind tail

* Antoinette I, 1906, 2 seats experimental, project
* Paulhan-Tatin Aéro-Torpille No.1 1911 monoplane, 1 built
* Kasyanenko No. 5 1917 experimental biplane, 1 built
* Göppingen Gö 9 1941 experimental propulsion aircraft, 1 built
* Dornier Do 212 1942 experimental amphibian, 1 built
* Douglas XB-42 Mixmaster 1944, bomber, 2 built
* Douglas DC-8 (piston airliner) 1945, transport project, not built
* Lockheed Big Dipper 1945 transport, 1 built
* Douglas Cloudster II 1947 transport, 1 built
* Waco Aristocraft 1947 transport, 1 built
* Acme Sierra 1948 1 seat experimental, 1 built
* Allenbaugh Grey Ghost, 1948 1 seat experimental, 1 built
* Parks Alumni Racer, 1949 1 seat experimental, 1 built
* Planet Satellite 1949 4 seat transport, 1 built
* Taylor Aerocar 1949 2 seat roadable aircraft, 6 built
* Pützer Bussard SR-57 1958 experimental 2 seater, 90 hp, 1 built
1960 and later
* HMPAC Puffin 1961 human powered aircraft, 2 built
* Lesher Nomad 1961 experimental 2 seater homebuilt, one built
* Aerocar Aero-Plane 1964 four seater 1 built
* Lesher Teal 1965 experimental 1 seat homebuilt, one built
* HPA Toucan 1972 human powered aircraft, 1 built
* Ryson STP-1 Swallow 1972 2 seat homebuilt motorglider, 1 built
* Bede BD-5 1973 1 seat homebuilt, about 150 built
* Aerocar Mini-IMP 1974 1 seat homebuilt, 250+ built
* AmEagle American Eaglet 1975 1 seat self-launching ultralight sailplane, 12 built
* Landray GL.02 1978 tandem layout (Pou du Ciel) 1 seat, 1 built
* Grinvalds Orion 1981 4 seat homebuilt, about 17 built
* LearAvia Lear Fan 1981 transport, 3 built
* Cirrus VK-30 1988 5 seat homebuilt, about 13 built
* Miller JM-2 and Pushy Galore 1989 racer, 3 built
* SolarFlight Sunseeker I 1990 solar aircraft 1 seater, 1 ex.
* Grob GF 200 1991 transport, 1 built
* Myasishchev Mayal 1992 multi-purpose amphibian, 1 built
* NASA Perseus 1994 research aircraft, 1 built
* Vmax Probe 1997 homebuilt racer, 1 built
* Ameur Aviation Balbuzard/Baljims/Altania 1995 2 seater prototypes, 5 built
* Bede BD-12 1998 2 seat homebuilt, 1 built
* Aceair AERIKS 200 2002 2 seat kitplane, 1 built
* Chudzik CC-02 Rafale 2007 prototype three surface 2 seater tandem, 1ex.
* LH Aviation LH-10 Ellipse 2007 2 seat homebuilt, 3 built

#### Propeller above fuselage or wing

* Schleicher ASH 26 1995 1 seat glider with retractable propeller, 234 built
* Airfish-3 WIG 1990 Wing In Ground Effect demonstrator one seat, 1 built
* Airfish-8 WIG 2007 Wing In Ground Effect transport prototype 8/10 seats, 2 built

## Canard and tandem layouts

A canard is an aircraft with a smaller wing ahead of the main wing. A tandem layout has both front and rear wings of similar dimensions.

### Direct drive

* Santos-Dumont 14-bis 1906 first public controlled sustained flight, 1 built
* Fabre Hydravion 1910, first successful floatplane, 1 built
* Paulhan biplane 1910, 3 built
* Voisin Canard 1911 biplane, 10+ built
* Gee Bee Model Q 1931 experimental, 1 built
* Ambrosini SS.2 & 3 1935 experimental aircraft, 2 built
* Ambrosini SS.4 1939 prototype fighter, 1 built
* Curtiss-Wright XP-55 Ascender 1943 prototype fighter, 3 built
* Miles M.35 Libellula 1942, experimental tandem wing carrier-based fighter, 1 built
* Miles M.39B Libellula 1943, experimental (5/8 scale) tandem wing carrier-based bomber, 1 built
* Skoda-Kauba V7 1944 1 seat, project
1945 and later In this section Rutan pushers are more than 1000 built.
* Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-8 Utka 1945 swept wing demonstrator prototype, 1 built
* Lockspeiser LDA-01 1971 experimental scale development aircraft, 1 built
* Rutan VariViggen 1972 homebuilt, about 20 built
* Rutan VariEze 1975 2 seat homebuilt, about 400 built
* Rutan Long-EZ 1979 2 seat homebuilt, about 800 built
* Diehl Aeronautical XTC Hydrolight 1981 amphibian UL 1 seat
* OMAC Laser 300 1981, transport, 3 built
* Cozy III 1982 3 seater amateur built
* Avtek 400 1984 transport, 1 built
* Cozy Mk IV 1988 four seater amateur built, ~ 350 built
* Beechcraft Starship 1989 airliner, 53 built
* Berkut 360 1988 2 seater tandem, 31 built
* AASI Jetcruzer 1989 transport, 3 built
* Velocity SE 1995 4 seater, ~ 268 built
* Steve Wright Stagger-Ez 2003 modified Cozy homebuilt, 1 built
* RMT Bateleur 115 T 2007 2 seater
* E-Go Aeroplanes e-Go 2013 ultralight and light-sport aircraft, 1 built
* Cobalt Co50 Walkyrie 2015 prototype 4 seater, 1 built

### Remote engine mounting

* Langley Aerodrome Number 5 1896 experimental model
* Wright Flyer 1903 experimental airplane, first recognized powered, sustained flight, 1 built
* Wright Model A 1906 biplane, about 60 built
* Deperdussin-de Feure model 2, 1910, experimental, 1 built
* De Bruyere C1 1917 fighter prototype 1 seater, 1 ex.
* Kyūshū J7W, prototype fighter, 1 seat, 2130 hp, 1945, 2 built
* AeroVironment Gossamer Condor 1977 human powered aircraft won Kremer prize, 1 built
* AeroVironment Gossamer Albatross 1979 human powered aircraft, 2 built
* Dickey E-Racer 1986 homebuilt, unk no. built
* British Aerospace P.1233-1 Saba 1988 anti-helicopter and close air support attack aircraft, project

### Joined wings

A tandem (or three-surface) configuration whose wingtips are joined is a Closed wing.
* Ben Brown SC c. 1932, experimental joined wing, 1 built
* Ligeti Stratos 1985 1 seat homebuilt, 2 built
* Airkraft Sunny 1989 2 seater, 250 built

## Tailless aircraft, Flying wings
### Tailless aircraft

Tailless aircraft lack a horizontal stabilizer.
* Dunne D.4 1908, 1 built
* Dunne D.5 1910, 1 built
* Dunne D.6 & D.7 1911 monoplane, 2 built
* Dunne D.8 1912, 5 built
* Westland-Hill Pterodactyl series 1928, several built
* Lippisch Delta 1 1931, experimental tailless monoplane, 1 built
* Waterman Whatsit 1932 roadable aircraft, 1 built
* Waterman Arrowplane 1935 roadable aircraft, 1 built
* Waterman Arrowbile 1937 roadable aircraft, 5 built
* Kayaba Ku-4 1941 (not flown) research aircraft, 1 built
* Handley Page Manx 1943 experimental tailless aircraft, 1 built
* Northrop XP-56 Black Bullet 1943 tailless fighter, 2 built
* Sud-Est SE-2100, prototype tourer, 2 seats, 140 hp, 1945
* M.L. Aviation Utility 1953 inflatable wing, 4 built
* DINFIA IA 38 1960 transport, 1 built
* Fauvel AV.45 1960 1 seat motor glider, unk no. built
* Rohr 2-175 1974 2 seat roadable aircraft, 1 built
* Cascade Kasperwing I-80 1976 UL 1 seater
* Pterodactyl Ascender 1979 1 seat ultralight, 1396 built
* Mitchell U2 Superwing 1980 1 seat ultralight
* Facet Opal, 1988, 1 seat, experimental flying wing, 1 built
* Wingco Atlantica 2002 Blended wing-body demonstrator 5 seats, 1 built
* Aériane Swift Light PAS 2007 monoplane
* Horten Aircraft HX-2 2019 2 seat prototype

#### Tailless, fabric wing, no fuselage

* Ultralight trike or Flexwing
* Paramotor or Powered paraglider
* Powered parachute

### Flying wings

Flying wings lack a distinct fuselage, with crew, engines, and payload contained within the wing structure.
* Horten V 1938 powered testbed, 3 built
* Northrop N-1M 1940 experimental flying wing, 1 built
* Northrop N-9M 1942 experimental flying wing, 4 built
* Horten H.VII 1944 2 seat prototype
* Northrop B-35 1946 bomber, 4 built
* Davis Flying Wing 1987
* Horten PUL-10 1992 2 seater

## Push-pull aircraft
### Sides of fuselage

* Zeppelin-Staaken R.V 1917 bomber, 3 built
* Bristol Braemar 1918 bomber, 2 built
* Handley Page V/1500 1918 bomber, 63 built
* Farman F.121 Jabiru 1923 airliner, 9 built
* Dornier Do K 1929 airliner, 3 built
* Fokker F.32 1929 airliner, 7 built
* Farman F.220 1932 airliner and bomber, about 80 built

### Above fuselage

* Felixstowe Porte Baby 1915 patrol flying boat, 11 built
* Curtiss NC 1918 patrol flying boat, 10 built
* Johns Multiplane 1919 bomber, 1 built
* Bristol Pullman 1920 airliner, 1 built
* Naval Aircraft Factory TF 1920 fighter flying boat, 4 built
* SIAI S.22 1921 racing flying boat, 1 built
* Dornier Wal 1922 flying boat, about 300 built
* CAMS 33 1923 patrol flying boat, 21 built
* Macchi M.24 1924 flying boat, unk. no built
* Savoia-Marchetti S.55 1924 flying boat, 243+ built
* Boeing XPB 1925 patrol flying boat, 1 built
* Caproni Ca.73 1925 bomber unk. no. built
* NVI F.K.33 1925 airliner, 1 built
* CAMS 51 1926 flying boat, 3 built
* Dornier Do R Superwal 1926 airliner flying boat, 19 built
* Kawasaki Ka 87 1926 bomber, 28 built
* Latécoère 21 1926 airliner flying boat, 7 built
* Latécoère 23 1927 transport flying boat, 1 built
* Latécoère 24 1927 mailplane flying boat, 1 built
* Farman F.180 1927 airliner, 3 built
* Savoia-Marchetti S.63 1927 flying boat, 1 built
* CAMS 53 1928 transport flying boat, 30 built
* CAMS 55 1928 patrol flying boat, 112 built
* Latécoère 32 1928 mailplane flying boat, 8 built
* Latham 47 1928 patrol flying boat, 16 built
* Dornier X 1929 airliner flying boat, 3 built
* Comte AC-3 1930 bomber, 1 built
* Dornier Do P 1930 bomber, 1 built
* Dornier Do S 1930 flying boat, 1 built
* Hinkler Ibis 1930 2 seat monoplane, 1 built
* Latécoère 340 1930 airliner flying boat, 1 built
* Latécoère 380 1930 flying boat, 5 built
* Blériot 125 1931 airliner, 1 built
* Bratu 220 1932 airliner, 1 built
* Latécoère 500 1932 transport flying boat, 2 built
* Caproni Ca.90 1929 bomber, 1 built
* Sikorsky XP2S 1932 patrol flying boat, 1 built
* CAMS 58 1933 airliner flying boat, 4 built
* Lioré et Olivier LeO H-27 1933 mailplane flying boat 1 built
* Loire 70 1933 patrol flying boat, 8 built
* Tupolev ANT-16 1933 bomber 1 built
* Tupolev ANT-20 1934 transport, 2 built
* Tupolev MTB-1 1934 patrol flying boat, 25 built
* Dornier Do 18 1935 patrol flying boat, 170 built
* Bartini DAR 1936 patrol flying boat, 1 built
* Chyetverikov ARK-3 1936 flying boat, 7 built
* Dornier Do 26 1939 push-pull flying boat, 6 built
* Dornier Seastar 1984 push-pull amphibious 12 seats, 2 built

### Extremities

* Caproni Ca.60 1921 airliner flying boat, 1 built
* Dornier Do 335 1943 push-pull fighter, 38 built
* Moynet Jupiter 1963 push-pull transport, 2 built
* Aero Design DG-1 1977 push-pull racer, 1 built
* Rutan Defiant 1978 transport, 19+ built
* Rutan Voyager 1984 endurance record aircraft, 1 built*
* Star Kraft SK-700 1994 push-pull transport,
* Aeronix Airelle 2002 tandem wing 2 seater, 5 built

### On nose and between booms

* Siemens-Schuckert DDr.I 1917 fighter, 1 built
* Thomas-Morse MB-4 1920 mailplane, 2+ built
* Bellanca TES 1929, distance record aircraft, 1 built
* Savoia-Marchetti S.65 1929 racing floatplane 1 built
* Tupolev I-12 1931 Fighter prototype
* Fokker D.XXIII 1939 fighter, 1 built
* Moskalyev SAM-13 1940 (unflown) push-pull fighter, 0 built
* Marton X/V (RMI-8) 1944 (unflown) fighter, 1 destroyed before completion
* Cessna Skymaster 1963 push-pull transport, 2993 built
* Canaero Toucan 1986 ultralight, 16+ built
* Schweizer RU-38 Twin Condor 1995 push-pull reconnaissance aircraft, 5 built
* Adam A500 2002 push-pull transport, 7 built

### On wings and between booms

* Caproni Ca.1 1914 bomber, 162 built
* Caproni Ca.2 1915 bomber, 9 built
* AD Seaplane Type 1000 1916 bomber, 1 built
* Anatra DE 1916 bomber, 1 built
* Caproni Ca.3 1916 bomber, about 300 built
* Caproni Ca.4 1917 triplane bomber, 44-53 built
* Caproni Ca.5 1917 bomber, 662 built
* Gotha G.VI 1918 bomber, 2 built
* Grahame-White Ganymede 1919 bomber/airliner, 1 built

## Rotorcraft

* Bensen autogyros 1953
* Fairey Jet Gyrodyne 1954, experimental gyrodyne
* McDonnell XV-1 1954, experimental compound helicopter, 550 hp
* Avian Gyroplane 1960, 2 seats, about 6 built
* Wallis autogyros 1961
* CarterCopter / Carter PAV 1998
* Sikorsky X2 2008, experimental compound helicopter
* Sikorsky S-97 Raider 2015, experimental compound helicopter