OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ricordi (Pinguini Tattici Nucleari song)

"Ricordi" is a song by Italian band Pinguini Tattici Nucleari. It was released by Sony Music on 23 September 2022 as the third single from the band's fifth studio album Fake News.
The song topped the Italian singles chart and was certified quintuple platinum in Italy.

## Music video

The music video for the song was released on YouTube on 21 October 2022, to accompany the single's release. Directed by Lorenzo Silvestri and Andrea Santaterra, it stars actors Sergio Rubini and Eleonora Ivone.

## Charts
### Weekly charts

Weekly chart performance for "Ricordi" :
| Chart (2022) | Peak position |
| Italy (FIMI) | 1 |
| Italy Airplay (EarOne) | 1 |

### Year-end charts

2022 year-end chart performance for "Ricordi" :
| Chart | Position |
| Italy (FIMI) | 39 |
2023 year-end chart performance for "Ricordi" :
| Chart | Position |
| Italy (FIMI) | 34 |

## Certifications

Certifications for "Ricordi" :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Italy (FIMI) | 5× Platinum | 500,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Mass deficit

In astronomy, mass deficit is the amount of mass (in stars) that has been removed from the center of a galaxy, presumably by the action of a binary, supermassive black hole.
The density of stars increases toward the center in most galaxies. In small galaxies, this increase continues into the very center. In large galaxies, there is usually a "core", a region near the center where the density is constant or slowly rising. The size of the core – the "core radius" – can be a few hundred parsecs in large elliptical galaxies. The greatest observed stellar cores reach 3.2 to 5.7 kiloparsecs in radius.
It is believed that cores are produced by binary supermassive black holes (SMBHs). Binary SMBHs form during the merger of two galaxies. If a star passes near the massive binary, it will be ejected, by a process called the gravitational slingshot. This ejection continues until most of the stars near the center of the galaxy have been removed. The result is a low-density core. Such cores are ubiquitous in giant elliptical galaxies.
The mass deficit is defined as the amount of mass that was removed in creating the core. Mathematically, the mass deficit is defined as $M_{\mathrm {def} }=4\pi \int _{0}^{R_{c}}\left[\rho _{i}(r)-\rho (r)\right]r^{2}dr,$
where ρ$_i$ is the original density, ρ is the observed density, and R$_c$ is the core radius. In practice, the core-Sersic model can be used to help quantify the deficits.
Observed mass deficits are typically in the range of one to a few times the mass of the central SMBH, and observed core radii are comparable to the influence radii of the central SMBH. These properties are consistent with what is predicted in theoretical models of core formation and lend support to the hypothesis that all bright galaxies once contained binary SMBHs at their centers.
It is not known whether most galaxies still contain massive binaries, or whether the two black holes have coalesced. Both possibilities are consistent with the presence of mass deficits.
# Asfal

Asfal (Persian: اسفل, also Romanized as Esfal) is a village in Pol Beh Bala Rural District, Simakan District, Jahrom County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 526, in 128 families.
# Colin Stanley Gum

Colin Stanley Gum (4 June 1924 – 29 April 1960) was an Australian astronomer known for his cataloguing of emission nebulae and the publication of his findings.

## Early life and education

Gum was born at Quambi Hospital in Adelaide, South Australia, son of Stanley Sturt Edgar Gum and Ivy Olive (née Storr), of Appila, South Australia. His father, a farmer who had served as a private in the Australian Imperial Force during the First World War, died before Colin's birth.
Gum received his BSc honours degree from the University of Adelaide in 1949, going directly to the Mount Stromlo Observatory, based upon work conducted at which he was awarded his MSc from the University of Adelaide in 1951. He was awarded his PhD in 1955 by the Australian National University, one of the first recipients of this degree from that institution.

## Career

Gum catalogued emission nebulae in the southern sky at the Mount Stromlo Observatory using wide field photography. Gum published his findings in 1955 in a study entitled A study of diffuse southern H-alpha nebulae which presented a catalog, now known as the Gum catalog, of 85 nebulae or nebular complexes. Gum 12, a large area of nebulosity in the direction of the constellations Puppis and Vela, was later named the Gum Nebula in his honour. Gum was part of the team, whose number included Frank John Kerr and Gart Westerhout, that determined the precise position of the neutral hydrogen plane in space.
Gum was appointed Head of the Observational Optical Astronomy programme at the University of Sydney in 1959. He died in a skiing accident at Zermatt, Switzerland the following year. He was the brother-in-law of academic Fay Gale. The crater Gum on the Moon is named after him.
# Delmont Moffitt

Delmont T. Moffitt (December 21, 1911 – June 30, 2001) was an American politician from the state of Iowa.
Moffitt was born in Woodstock, Pipestone County, Minnesota in 1911. He served as a Republican in the Iowa House of Representatives from 1961 to 1965, 1967 to 1969, and 1971 to 1973. Moffitt died in Centerville, Iowa, in 2001.
# Susan Narvaiz

Susan Lea Clifford Narvaiz is a former Republican mayor of San Marcos, Texas.
She is currently CEO of Core Strategies, Inc. and a self-employed consultant.

## Early life and career

Born Dayton, Ohio and growing up in San Antonio, Texas, she moved to San Marcos in 1995 to open a branch office for a national staffing company.
Narvaiz has been on the board of directors or chairperson of various San Marcos non-profits. She is also a member of the TTC-I35 (my35) Advisory Committee, National League of Cities Finance Administration and Intergovernmental Relations Policy Steering Committee, and the Texas Municipal League.

## City politics

Narvaiz was elected to San Marcos City Council Place 3 in June 2002, then elected mayor of San Marcos in 2004 and was re-elected, unopposed, in 2006.
In the 2008 election, she faced Texas State University–San Marcos student Dan McCarthy and retired United States Air Force officer Dave Newman and was re-elected with 50.08% of the vote.

## National politics

After departing office as Mayor of San Marcos in 2010, Narvaiz ran for United States Congress in the newly created 35th Congressional District. Texas's 35th congressional district was one of several controversial Texas districts drawn after the United States census in 2010. Because of its abnormal shape, caused by gerrymandering, the district was named as one of the "10 Most Contorted Congressional Districts."
In the Republican primary election, held on May 29, 2012, Narvaiz faced off against Rob Roark and John Yoggerst. Narvaiz won the primary election and avoided a runoff by obtaining 51.78% of the votes cast.
Narvaiz faced Democratic incumbent Lloyd Doggett in the general election on November 6, 2012. Narvaiz received 32.02% of total votes cast and lost the race to Doggett, who received 63.94% of the vote.
In December 2013, Narvaiz announced her intention to challenge Doggett a second time for Texas' 35th Congressional District seat.
She ran for Texas's 21st congressional district in 2018, but lost the Republican primary to Chip Roy.
# Tijtin

Tijtin (Aymara tijti wart, -n a suffix) is a 4,543-metre-high (14,905 ft) mountain in the Bolivian Andes. It is situated in the Potosí Department, Nor Lípez Province, Colcha "K" Municipality. Tijtin lies south of the Uyuni salt flat, north-west of the mountains Qaral and Lliphi.
# VanFest

VanFest is an annual music festival which takes place in Maple Valley, Washington, United States. It was founded in 2011 as a grassroots project by namesake Van Wolfe, who was a student at Tahoma Senior High School at the time and described in The Stranger as a "superhuman". The event series, featuring largely Pacific Northwest local bands, benefits the Maple Valley food bank. VanFest Five, held in 2015, boasted four stages and 36 bands performing. VanFest 2016 featured three stages along with a hip hop tent.

## Notable performers

* Willis Earl Beal (2014)
* Jason Webley (2014)
* Car Seat Headrest (2015)
* MC Lars (2016)
* Kitty (2015)
# Lindsay Seemann

Lindsay Seemann (born September 22, 1992) is a Canadian swimmer who participated in the 200-metre backstroke at the 2008 Summer Olympics. At 15, she was the youngest athlete on the Canadian Olympic team.
She was born and raised in Newmarket, Ontario and started her swimming career for the Newmarket Stingrays. Seemann swam for the University of Arizona Wildcats from 2010 to 2012, before transferring to the University of Iowa, where she swam for the Iowa Hawkeyes from 2012 to 2014. She retired from competitive swimming in 2014, having won 18 national races and 48 provincial ones.
# Galore Creek mine

The Galore Creek project is one of the largest undeveloped copper-gold deposits in Canada and in the world. The deposit is located in northwestern British Columbia. The deposit, situated within an alkalic, silica-undersaturated igneous intrusive complex, has estimated metal contents of 12 billion pounds of copper, 10.7 million oz of gold and 183.1 million oz of silver. It was owned 50% by Teck Resources and 50% by NovaGold Resources until 2018, when Newmont purchased NovaGold's share.
The project is currently in care and maintenance status, managing critical safety, environmental and regulatory compliance activities.
# Gazi Hasan Pasha Mosque

The Gazi Hasan Pasha Mosque (Greek: Γαζί Χασάν Πασά Τζαμί; Turkish: Gazi Hasan Paşa Camii) is an Ottoman-era mosque in the Aegean island of Kos, in Greece. Built in the 18th century, it serves the Muslim-Turkish community of Kos, as one of the two out of the five Ottoman mosques to be still operational and open for prayers on Kos, the other being the Defterdar Mosque. It is also one of the two mosques in Kos to be named after Gazi Hasan Pasha, the other being the one in Kos town.

## History

The mosque was built in 1778 or in between 1784 and 1785, in the village of Platani in Kos by the Algerian Gazi Hasan Pasha, likely on the site of a previous building. The mosque, particularly its minaret, was heavily damaged by the 1933 earthquake, and was thereafter repaired by the Italians, who held Kos at the time. It was further damaged during the 2017 Aegean Sea earthquake, whereupon plans for extensive restoration were announced.

## Structure

Following the usual Ottoman style, the narthex and the mihrab is found on the ground floor, while on the upper floor contains the women's cloister, accessible by a staircase. There is a marble fountain in the courtyard area, which was used to grind wheat.
# Lisa Barclay

Lisa Barclay (born 7 June 1992) is a Canadian volleyball player. She is a member of the Canada women's national volleyball team and played for University of British Columbia in 2014. She was part of the Canadian national team at the 2014 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship in Italy.

## Clubs

* University of British Columbia (2014)
# Ashkam Shur

Ashkam Shur (Persian: اشكم شور, also Romanized as Āshkam Shūr) is a village in Kuhak Rural District, in the Central District of Jahrom County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 25, in 4 families.
# Julie Harrington

Julie Harrington (born February 5, 1962) is a former professional tennis player from the United States.

## Tennis career

Harrington was a left-handed player, who grew up in Spokane, Washington. She attended the local Joel E. Ferris High School and turned professional at the age of 16. As a qualifier at the 1979 US Open she beat 14th seed Pam Shriver, then overcame Peanut Louie Harper in the second round, before losing in three sets to Jeanne DuVall. She made the third round of grand slam tournaments on two further occasions, both in 1981, at the French and US Open. A two-time WTA Tour finalist, she was runner-up in the singles at Kyoto in 1981 and at the 1983 Bakersfield Open.

## WTA Tour finals
### Singles (0-2)

| Result | W/L | Date | Tournament | Category | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| Loss | 0–1 | Oct 1981 | Kyoto, Japan | Category 1 | Hard | Kathy Rinaldi | 1–6, 5–7 |
| Loss | 0–2 | Sep 1983 | Bakersfield, U.S. | Category 1+ | Hard | Jennifer Mundel | 4–6, 1–6 |
# Charles E. Knoblauch

Charles E. Knoblauch (March 9, 1922 – February 7, 1984) was an American politician and businessman.
Born in La Crosse, Wisconsin, Knoblauch graduated from Aquinas High School, in La Crosse, Wisconsin, and went to Michigan State University. He served in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II. He worked for the Carroll, Iowa Chamber of Commerce, before sitting in the Iowa House of Representatives as a Democrat from 1969 to 1973. In 1978, he and his wife moved to Fort Dodge, Iowa. He died of a stroke in a hospital there in 1984.
# Ephraim Acker

Ephraim Leister Acker (January 11, 1827 – May 12, 1903) was an American newspaperman and educator who served one term as a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania from 1871 to 1873.

## Early life and career

Ephraim L. Acker was born in Marlborough Township, Pennsylvania. He attended the common schools and the academy at Sumneytown, a village in Marlborough Township. He graduated from Marshall College in Mercersburg, Pennsylvania, in 1847. He was a school teacher for two years, and graduated from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine in Philadelphia in March 1852. He was editor and publisher of the Norristown Register from 1853 to 1877.
He served as superintendent of the schools of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, from June 1854 to June 1860. He was appointed postmaster of Norristown, Pennsylvania in March 1860 by President James Buchanan and after serving eleven months was removed by President Abraham Lincoln. He served as inspector of Montgomery County Prison for three years.

## Congress

Acker was elected as a Democrat to the Forty-second Congress. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1872.

## Later career and death

He resumed the publication of his newspaper until 1877, when he began the study of law, graduating from the University of Pennsylvania Law School in 1886. He was admitted to the bar and practiced until his death in Norristown in 1903. He was interred in Norris City Cemetery in East Norriton Township.
# Yoshio Hachiro

Yoshio Hachiro (鉢呂 吉雄, Hachiro Yoshio, born 25 January 1948) is a former Japanese politician of the Constitutional Democratic Party who served as a member of the House of Councillors and the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature).

## Overview

A native of Kabato District, Hokkaidō and graduate of Hokkaido University, he was elected to the House of Representatives for the first time in 1990 as an independent. He later joined first the Japan Socialist Party and then the DPJ. In 2003 he left the Diet to run for governorship of Hokkaido, which was unsuccessful. In the same year he ran for the Hokkaido 4th district in the House of Representatives and was elected. In September 2011 he was appointed as Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry in the cabinet of newly appointed prime minister Yoshihiko Noda.
He resigned after being criticised for making controversial comments during his visit to the exclusion zone of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster on 9 September. He compared the vicinity of the plant to a ghost town, and on the previous day, jokingly mimicked rubbing his jacket on a journalist while telling him "I'll give you radiation."
Hachiro lost re-election in the 2012 general election. He recontested his old seat in 2014, but narrowly lost to the incumbent MP. He ran for a Hokkaido seat in the 2016 House of Councillors election, successfully obtaining the third seat allocated for the prefecture. When the Democratic Party merged with the Party of Hope in May 2018 to form the Democratic Party for the People, Hachiro did not join the new party and moved the CDP instead.
# Ceratostoma

Ceratostoma, common name the "hornmouth" snails, is a genus of medium to large predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Muricidae, the rock snails.
This genus should not be confused with the nudibranch genus Ceratosoma, meaning "thorn body". Ceratostoma means "thorn mouth" because of the thornlike projection on the edge of the aperture, used as a tool in predation to prop open the shells of bivalves and barnacles.

## Species

Species within the genus Ceratostoma include:
* Ceratostoma burnetti (Adams & Reeve, 1849)
* Ceratostoma foliatum (Gmelin, 1791)
* Ceratostoma fournieri (Crosse, 1861)
* Ceratostoma monoceros (G. B. Sowerby II, 1841)
* Ceratostoma nuttalli Conrad, 1837
* Ceratostoma rorifluum (Adams & Reeve, 1849)
Species brought into synonymy:
* Ceratostoma inornatum (Récluz, 1851) accepted as Pteropurpura (Ocinebrellus) inornata (Récluz, 1851) accepted as Ocenebra inornata (Récluz, 1851)
* Ceratostoma varicosum (Kuroda, 1953) accepted as Genkaimurex varicosus (Kuroda, 1953)
# Golden Wings

Golden Wings is the debut extended play by German singer Zoe Wees. It was released on 21 May 2021.

## Critical reception

Christopher Filipecki from Minute Musik said "Golden Wings comprises almost 16 minutes and five tracks, which never sound as if they come from Germany. Instead, the powerful, soulful alto voice puts so much emotion and expression into the vocals that that alone is quite captivating and provides pleasant shivers. But before the whole world is turned upside down, The EP is quite good, but nothing more."

## Charts

Chart performance for Golden WIngs :
| Chart (2021) | Peak position |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 31 |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 28 |
# Julie Shea

Julie Shea (born 3 May 1959) is a former American long-distance runner and politician.

## Early life

While at Cardinal Gibbons High School in Raleigh, North Carolina, she was the first Track and Field News "High School Athlete of the Year" in 1977 Her national record for female high-school mile was unbroken until 2012, when Wesley Frazier beat it.

## College career

At her time at North Carolina State lead the cross country team to two national titles, won two individual cross country championships, and won 5 individual Track and Field titles.
While in track and field at North Carolina State she became, in 1980 and 1981, the only female athlete honored with the Anthony J. McKevlin Award noting athlete of the year in the Atlantic Coast Conference. (In 1990, the award began to be awarded only to male athletes and a separate award was started to honor women.)
In 1980, she won the Broderick Award (now the Honda Sports Award) as the nation's best female collegiate track and field athlete and the same award for cross country in 1981. In addition, she was awarded the Broderick Cup, given to the nation's best female collegiate athlete.
In 1993 Shea was inducted into the North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame and in 2012 she was part of the inaugural class of the NC State Athletic Hall of Fame.

## Notable marathoning achievements

* All results regarding marathon, unless stated otherwise
| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| Representing the United States |||||
| 1981 | New York City Marathon | New York City, United States | 3rd | 2:30:11,6 |
| 1981 | Boston Marathon | Boston, United States | 4th | 2:30:54 |

## Post college

In the 1990s, Shea was thrice elected to Raleigh City Council. She currently coaches CoolKidsRun in Raleigh.
# David L. Norvell

David Lee Norvell (August 1, 1935 – December 21, 2023) was an American lawyer and politician who served as attorney general of New Mexico from 1971 to 1975.

## Early life and education

David Lee Norvell was born in Kansas City, Missouri, and was raised in Bartlesville, Oklahoma. In 1955, he received a Bachelor of Science degree from Northeastern State University in Tahlequah, Oklahoma and a Juris Doctor from the University of Oklahoma College of Law 1958.

## Career

Norvell served in the New Mexico House of Representatives from 1962 to 1970. In the House, he served as both majority floor leader (1967) and speaker of the House (1969). Norvell practiced law in both Clovis, New Mexico, and in Albuquerque from 1976. He later served on the New Mexico Racing Commission and New Mexico Gaming Control Board.

## Death

Norvell died in Albuquerque on December 21, 2023, at the age of 88.
# Freestyle 4

"Freestyle 4" is a song by American hip-hop artist Kanye West that features vocals from rapper Desiigner. The track is from West's seventh studio album, The Life of Pablo (2016). It was remixed by Tyler, the Creator in March 2016.

## Composition

The track prominently samples the beginning of 2001 song "Human" by Goldfrapp, resulting in Will Gregory and Alison Goldfrapp being credited as songwriters.
By the time that all of the changes had been made to The Life of Pablo in June 2016, a different instrumental popped up at the 45-second mark and more synths were added.

## Remixes

On March 3, 2016, Odd Future rapper Tyler, the Creator released a remix of "Freestyle 4" titled "What the Fuck Right Now", which featured ASAP Rocky. Shortly before releasing his remix, Tyler had shown that he was a fan of the song. West tweeted out his approval of the remix three days after it was released.
LSDXOXO remixed the original on May 25, 2016, putting a Baltimore club spin on it. A remix of the song by Kanye West featuring ASAP Ferg and Big Sean was subject to an online leak on August 5, 2017.

## Critical reception

Tom Thorogood of The Line of Best Fit viewed "Freestyle 4" as "[picking] up where Daft Punk left off on Yeezus with Kanye rapping over electro beats and Hitchcock strings". Its "dense claustrophobia" was pointed out in praise by Nosheen Iqbal of The Guardian.

## Commercial performance

Upon the release of The Life of Pablo in February 2016, the track debuted at number 9 on the US Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100. Within the same week, it reached number 43 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.

## Credits and personnel

Credits adapted from West's official website.
* Vocals – Desiigner
* Production – Kanye West
* Co-production – Hudson Mohawke, Noah Goldstein and Mike Dean
* Additional production – DJDS, Caroline Shaw and Trevor Gureckis
* Engineering – Goldstein, Andrew Dawson, Anthony Kilhoffer, Dean and Tom Kahre
* Mix engineer – Manny Marroquin at Larrabee Studios, North Hollywood, California
* Mix assistants – Chris Galland, Ike Schultz and Jeff Jackson

## Charts

| Chart (2016) | Peak position |
| UK Singles (Official Charts Company) | 132 |
| UK Hip Hop/R&B (OCC) | 38 |
| US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles (Billboard) | 9 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 43 |
| US On-Demand Songs (Billboard) | 40 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Lucille Charuk

Lucille "Lucy" Charuk (born 13 August 1989) is a Canadian volleyball player. She was part of the Canadian national team at the 2014 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship in Italy.
Charuk attended the University of Houston.
# Asiab-e Kereshki

Asiab-e Kereshki (Persian: اسياب كرشكي, also Romanized as Āsīāb-e Kereshkī; also known as Kāz̧emīyeh) is a village in Khafrak-e Olya Rural District, Seyyedan District, Marvdasht County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 58, in 13 families.