OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ICU quality and management tools

Intensive Care Unit (ICU) quality and management tools refer to a range of strategies, technologies, and practices aimed at improving patient outcomes, operational efficiency, and safety within the Intensive Care Unit (ICU).

## ICU quality tools

Quality tools include:
* Medical guidelines, including checklists (items rated as yes/no/not applicable)
* Templates for goal setting or structured communication (a more open format than checklists, templates provide the opportunity to add free text responses with items as prompts)
* Care bundles, including ABCDE(F) bundle (Assess, prevent and manage pain, Both spontaneous awakening trials and spontaneous breathing trials, Choice of analgesia and sedation, Delirium assessment, prevention and management, Early mobility and exercise, Family engagement and empowerment)
Medical scoring systems can be used to describe ICU populations and explain their different outcomes. Examples include:
* APACHE II
* SAPS II
* SAPS III
* Mortality Probability Model (MPM)
Physical tools include:
* Monitoring (medicine), which may provide data for analysis of ICU performance.

## ICU management tools
### Severity assessment tools

Examples of severity assessment tools:
* Pneumonia severity index (PSI) or PORT score)
* CURB65 score
* CRB65 score
* American Thoracic Society (ATS) 2001 criteria
* Infectious Disease Society of America/ATS (IDSA/ATS) 2007 criteria
* Panic Disorder Screener (PADIS) guidelines

### Risk stratification tools

Risk stratification tools examples:
* Early warning score such as the Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS), to predict ICU readmission, and the Pediatric early warning signs (PEWS) score
* Minimizing ICU Readmission (MIR) score, to predict patient death or ICU readmission.
* Sabadell score, which predicts hospital mortality after ICU discharge.
* Stability and Workload Index for Transfer (SWIFT) score and the Frost nomogram, to predict ICU readmission.
# Hubert Lauper

Hubert Lauper (28 February 1944 – 17 June 2024) was a Swiss politician of the Christian Democratic Party (PDC).

## Biography

Born in Belfaux on 28 February 1944, Lauper's family was originally from Giffers. He earned a degree in law and practice as a lawyer. As a member of the PDC, he served on the communal council of Belfaux from 1966 to 1976, where he served as trustee in 1970. On 14 November 1976, he was elected Prefect of Sarine District, succeeding Laurent Butty [fr]. Supported by the PDC and the remnants of the Party of Farmers, Traders and Independents, he received 59% of the vote against his opponent, Socialist Party member Félicien Morel [fr]'s 41%. He was re-elected in 1981 and 1986 without opposition. In 1991, he was re-elected again with 80% of the vote against the Green Party's Gérard Bourgarel [fr]. He did not seek re-election in 1996 and was succeeded by Nicolas Deiss.
In 1986, Lauper ran in the Council of State of Fribourg [fr] election, but withdrew after the first round following a poor result. This was due to the fact that he was simultaneously running in the prefectural election, for which the results were incompatible. In 1995, he was elected to the National Council. His campaign was highly publicized due to the creation of its own website during a time in which only approximately one thousand internet users lived in the Canton of Fribourg. He did not run for re-election in 2003.
Lauper died on 17 June 2024, at the age of 80.
# Cycle polo at the 1908 Summer Olympics

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
Cycle polo was featured in the Summer Olympic Games unofficial programme in 1908.
# Tiiu Nurmberg

Tiiu Nurmberg (born 5 January 1982 in Pointe-Claire, Canada) is a former Canadian alpine skier of Estonian descent, who represented Estonia at the 2006 and 2010 Winter Olympics.
Her best place in the Olympics was 34th in giant slalom in 2006 Winter Olympics.
She ended her career on 14 April 2010.
# Kurdistan (disambiguation)

Kurdistan a geo-cultural region consisting of parts of Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Syria.
* Iranian Kurdistan, a geocultural region in Iran
* Iraqi Kurdistan, a geocultural region in Iraq, (see Kurdistan Region for the autonomous region)
* Syrian Kurdistan, a geocultural region in Syria
* Turkish Kurdistan, a geocultural region in Turkey
Kurdistan may also refer to:

## Administrative divisions

* Kurdistan province, one of the provinces of Iran
* Kurdistan Uyezd, a former Soviet administrative unit (1923–1929), also known as "Red Kurdistan"
* Kurdistan Eyalet, a former Ottoman administrative unit (1846–1867), one of the eyalets of the Ottoman Empire
* Safavid Kurdistan, a former Safavid administrative unit (1508–1736), one of the ostans of Safavid Iran

## States

* Kingdom of Kurdistan, a short-lived and unrecognized state (1922–1924) in Iraqi Kurdistan
* Republic of Mahabad, a short-lived Soviet puppet state (1946) in Iranian Kurdistan

## Villages

* Kordestan-e Bozorg, Khuzestan province, Iran
* Kordestan-e Kuchek, Khuzestan province, Iran
* Shahrak-e Kordestan, Khuzestan province, Iran

## Other

* Kurdistan (newspaper), the first Kurdish-language newspaper
* MV Kurdistan, oil tanker which spilled off the coast of Canada
# Brampton Gurdon (lecturer)

Brampton Gurdon (c. 1672 in Letton, Norfolk – 20 November 1741) was an English clergyman and academic, Boyle lecturer in 1721.

## Life

Gurdon was the younger son of Brampton Gurdon, of Letton, Norfolk (who was nephew of John Gurdon), by his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Francis Thornhagh, of Fenton, Nottinghamshire. His older brother was Thornhagh Gurdon (1663 – November 1733), the English antiquarian. Gurdon was admitted at the age of 15 to Caius College, Cambridge, in 1687, and graduated B.A. in 1691 and M.A. in 1695. By 1696 he had been elected fellow of his college. His Boyle lectures were published as The Pretended Difficulties in Natural or Reveal'd Religion no Excuse for Infidelity. Sixteen Sermons preach'd in the Church of St. Mary le Bow, London, in ... 1721 and 1722, 8vo, London, 1723. Gurdon was a favourite of Lord Chancellor Macclesfield, who made him his chaplain and gave him the rectory of Stapleford Abbotts, Essex, 17 March 1719 – 1720, a living he resigned 3 November 1724. On 16 March 1726–7 he was collated to the archdeaconry of Sudbury; became rector of Denham, Buckinghamshire, 17 October 1730; and rector of St. Edmund the King, Lombard Street, about 1732, preferments which he held until his death.
He died unmarried in the parish of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, 20 November 1741.

## Works

His other writings are:
* Probabile est animam non semper cogitare. Idea Dei non est innata [in verse.], s.sh.fol. [Cambridge], 1696.
* The Distinction of Christians into Clergy and Laity justified: in a sermon [on Ephes. iv. 11, 12] preached . . . at the consecration of ... John [Leng] . . . bishop of Norwich, 4to, London, 1723.
* Christian Religion supported by the Prophecies of the Old Testament: or, a Defence of the Argument drawn from Prophecy, 8vo, London, 1728.
* A Letter to a Lady: where-in the canonical authority of St. Matthew's Gospel is defended [anon.], 8vo, London, 1732.
* An Answer to the Defence of the Dissertation or Enquiry concerning the Gospel according to St. Matthew ... By the Author of the Letter to a Lady, 8vo, London, 1733.
# Star Voyager

Star Voyager is an outer space shooter for the Nintendo Entertainment System. The gameplay is a first-person shooter from inside the cockpit of a spaceship. The player navigates "sub spaces" of a larger "world map." Gameplay takes place between different subspaces.
This game was released in Japan as Cosmo Genesis (コスモジェネシス).

## Gameplay

The plot centers around a lone pilot in a spacecraft attempting to protect a transport ship, the CosmoStation Noah, full of planetary refugees from a fleet of intergalactic terrorists known as the Molok Wardrivers. The player's primary goal is to eliminate all enemy fleets before they can surround the stationary Cosmostation Noah. The player may also visit up to eight different planets in search of engine and weapon upgrades for their ship, may seek repairs at up to five space stations in addition to CosmoStation Noah, and may also visit an asteroid field, and a black hole from which escape is difficult but not impossible. The game is won if the player defeats the enemy armada and safely returns to base. However, the game is lost if the enemy fleet reaches the CosmoStation Noah, the player enters the black hole, the player's ship runs out of fuel crystals, or if life support fails.
Gameplay occurs on a 10x10 grid that is randomized at the start of each game with the exceptions of the player and CosmoStation Noah which will always begin in the top left, and the five initial Molok Wardriver fleets will begin in the bottom right. To progress through the grid, the player must select their destination coordinates either through the HUD or the select menu grid, and hold down the B button to charge enough power to travel to as many sectors as required to reach their destination, as identified by the number on the bottom-center of the HUD. The number of leaps charged is indicated by icons in the upper-left gauge.
As gameplay progresses, additional fleets may join the Molok Wardriver armada. Any space stations they encounter during their trek to the CosmoStation Noah will be destroyed, limiting the resources the player will have to mount an attack. In order to destroy the enemy fleets, the player must warp to their coordinates and destroy the fleet's spacecraft and mothership, which will endlessly deploy enemy spacecraft as long as it remains operational. The player must raise their shields in the select menu in order to minimize damage taken to the ship.
The player's fuel crystals will deplete normally over time, and faster during warping or sustaining damage. Therefore, it is necessary to visit space stations to refuel to prolong gameplay. They can also repair damaged systems which include radar, engines, and weapons, but a malfunctioning life support system can be repaired only at the CosmoStation Noah. Depending on the amount of damage taken, the engines may become inoperable, one or both laser cannons can malfunction, and radar can become difficult to use.
# Isaac S. Pennybacker

Isaac Samuels Pennybacker (September 3, 1805 – January 12, 1847) was a United States representative and a United States senator from Virginia and a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia.

## Education and career

Born on September 3, 1805, at Pine Forge near Newmarket, Shenandoah County, Virginia, Pennybacker attended an "old field" school and the Winchester Law School. He was admitted to the bar and entered private practice in Harrisonburg, Rockingham County, Virginia until 1837.

## House service

Pennybacker was elected as a Democrat from Virginia's 16th congressional district to the United States House of Representatives of the 25th United States Congress, serving from March 4, 1837, to March 3, 1839. He declined the office of United States Attorney General offered him by President Martin Van Buren and that of Justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia.

## Federal judicial service

Pennybacker received a recess appointment from President Martin Van Buren on April 23, 1839, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia vacated by Judge Alexander Caldwell. He was nominated to the same position by President Van Buren on January 23, 1840. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on February 17, 1840, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated on December 6, 1845, due to his resignation.

## Senate service and death

Pennybacker was elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy in the term beginning March 4, 1845, caused by the failure of the Virginia General Assembly to elect, and served from December 3, 1845, until his death. He was Chairman of the Committee on Claims for the 29th United States Congress. He died on January 12, 1847, in Washington, D.C. He was interred in Woodbine Cemetery in Harrisonburg.

## Other service

President James K. Polk named Pennybacker to the very first Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, a group which included Vice-President George M. Dallas, Chief Justice Roger B. Taney, Washington, D.C. Mayor William Winston Seaton, Senator Sidney Breese, United States Representative William Jervis Hough, United States Representative Robert Dale Owen, United States Representative Henry Washington Hilliard, Rufus Choate, Richard Rush, Dr. Benjamin Rush, William C. Preston, Alexander Dallas Bache, and Joseph Gilbert Totten, among others, who met for the first time in September 1846.

## Family

Pennybacker was a cousin of Green Berry Samuels, a United States representative from Virginia.
# Amos Nourse

Amos Nourse (December 17, 1794 – April 7, 1877) was a medical doctor who became a U.S. Senator from the state of Maine for a very short term. Born in Bolton, Massachusetts, he graduated from Harvard College in 1812 and from Harvard Medical School in 1817. At first settling in Wiscasset, and subsequently in Hallowell, Maine, he finally removed to Bath, Maine in 1845. He was collector of customs at Bath from 1845 and 1846 and commenced practice of medicine in that city. He was lecturer on obstetrics at Bowdoin College from 1846 to 1854, and professor of that branch from 1855 to 1866.
He was elected to the United States Senate as a Republican to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Hannibal Hamlin and served from January 16 to March 3, 1857. He then became judge of probate of Sagadahoc County, Maine in 1860. He died at Bath in 1877 and is buried in Hallowell, Maine.

## Sources

* 1 2 Wilson, James Grant; Fiske, John (1891). Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. Vol. IV. New York: D. Appleton. p. 541.
# Coocheyville, Virginia

Coocheyville is an unincorporated community in Accomack County, Virginia, United States.
In 1998, the community was reported to consist of five homes, two of which were unoccupied. A store and blacksmith's shop were formerly operated in the area. The community's name may be derived from the former presence of prostitutes in the community.
# Diving at the 1908 Summer Olympics

At the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, two diving events were contested, both for men only. The competition was held on Tuesday 14 and Friday 24 July 1908. While the competitive events were restricted to men only, an exhibition was performed by two women on 18 July.

## Medal summary

The events are labelled as 3 metre springboard and 10 metre platform by the International Olympic Committee, and appeared on the 1908 Official Report as high diving and fancy diving. The high diving event included dives from both 10 metre and 5 metre platforms, while the fancy diving included dives from 3 metre and 1 metre springboards.
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 3 m springboard details | Albert Zürner (GER) | Kurt Behrens (GER) | George Gaidzik (USA) |
| 3 m springboard details | Albert Zürner (GER) | Kurt Behrens (GER) | Gottlob Walz (GER) |
| 10 m platform details | Hjalmar Johansson (SWE) | Karl Malmström (SWE) | Arvid Spångberg (SWE) |

## Participating nations

A total of 39 divers from 9 nations competed at the London Games:
* Australasia (1)
* Belgium (1)
* Canada (1)
* Finland (2)
* Germany (5)
* Great Britain (16)
* Italy (1)
* Sweden (10)
* United States (2)

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Germany | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 1 | Sweden | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 3 | United States | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (3 entries) | Totals (3 entries) | 2 | 2 | 3 | 7 |
# Gary Branae

Gary H. Branae is a Democratic Party member of the Montana Senate. He has represented Senate District 27 for Billings, Montana since 2009. He was a member of the Montana House of Representatives, representing District 54 from 2000 to 2009.
# Tina Romagnuolo

Concettina Romagnuolo (born February 3, 1990) is a former Canadian soccer player who played as a midfielder.

## Early life

Romagnuolo began playing soccer at the age of three in Scarborough before making her rep debut at age six, later playing competitively in Markham, Oshawa, Ajax and Richmond Hill. Romagnuolo was a member of the U14 Ontario team that won a bronze and the U16 squad that won two gold medals, as well as winning silver at the 2005 Canada Summer Games with Team Ontario.
In 2008, she began attending Syracuse University, playing for the women's soccer team, redshirting her first season. In 2009, she scored her first goal in the season opener against St. Bonaventure, finishing her rookie season with nine goals and 18 points, leading the team in scoring and All-BIG EAST Second Team, BIG EAST All-Academic Team, and All-Rookie Team honours. She was once again named to the All-BIG EAST Second Team in 2010 and in 2011 was named to the All-Tournament Team. Over 54 games with the Orange, she scored 17 goals.
In 2012, she moved to the University of Miami, where she scored two goals in nine games before suffering a season-ending injury on September 16 against Duke.

## Club career

After training with the Toronto Lady Lynx in 2006, Romagnuolo joined the club in 2007. She was named the team Rookie of the Year.
In 2008, she played with the Vancouver Whitecaps Prospects in the Pacific Coast Soccer League.
In 2009 and 2010, she played with the Ottawa Fury.
In 2011, she played with the Vancouver Whitecaps.
She later played with the Ottawa Fury, winning the 2012 USL W-League season.

## International career

Romagnuolo has received call-up to Canadian youth sides since she was 15.
She made her only appearance for the Canada senior team on September 22, 2011, against the United States.

## Later life

She later completed her master's degree at the University of Windsor, where she was able to intern with Major League Soccer club Toronto FC through a partnership between the University of Windsor and Maple Leafs Sports and Entertainment.
# Ilam University of Medical Sciences

The Ilam University of Medical Sciences is a university in Ilam, Iran. It was established in 1986. IUMS is the official medical university of the Ilam province which is associated with the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education.

## International Journals

* Journal of Basic Research in Medical Sciences
* Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences
* Plant Biotechnology Persa
# Jay Underwood

Jay Underwood (born October 1, 1968) is an American actor and pastor. Beginning a prolific career as a teen actor in the mid-1980s, he is perhaps best known for his starring feature film roles; portraying Eric Gibb in The Boy Who Could Fly, Chip Carson in Not Quite Human, Grover Dunn in The Invisible Kid, Sonny Bono in The Sonny and Cher Story, Bug in Uncle Buck, and Ernest Hemingway in The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles. He also portrayed the Human Torch in the 1994 unreleased film Fantastic Four.

## Career

In 2001, Underwood was honored by the Young Artist Foundation with its Former Child Star "Lifetime Achievement" Award for his role in The Boy Who Could Fly. Subsequently, Underwood appeared in the feature film No Greater Love, released in 2010.
Underwood worked for Calvary Bible Church in Burbank, California as junior high pastor from August 2005 to June 2007 while attending The Master's Seminary, and was the full-time pastor of First Baptist Church of Weaverville, California from 2007 to 2020. As of January 1, 2021, Jay returned to Calvary Bible Church in Burbank and is currently Interim Pastor-Teacher.

## Partial filmography

* 1986 Desert Bloom as Robin
* 1986 The Boy Who Could Fly as Eric
* 1987 Not Quite Human (TV movie) as Chip Carson
* 1987 Promised Land as Circle K Clerk
* 1988 The Invisible Kid as Grover Dunn
* 1989 Uncle Buck as 'Bug'
* 1989 Not Quite Human II (TV Movie) as Chip Carson
* 1989 21 Jump Street (TV Series) as Rob Daniels
* 1990 Blind Faith (TV Mini-Series) as Chris Marshall
* 1990 The Gumshoe Kid as Jeff Sherman
* 1990 The Adventures of Ford Fairlane as Club Guy Bob (uncredited)
* 1991 Son of Darkness: To Die for II as Danny
* 1992 Still Not Quite Human (TV Movie) as Chip Carson
* 1993 The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles (TV Series) as Ernest Hemingway
* 1994 The Fantastic Four as Johnny Storm
* 1994 Stalked as Daryl Gleeson
* 1994 The Raffle as Wilson Lowe
* 1995 Sleepstalker as Griffin Davis
* 1995 A Reason to Believe as Jim Curran
* 1996 Star Command (TV Movie) as Ensign Ken Oort
* 1996 The Dark Mist as Priamus
* 1997 The Nurse as John Beecher
* 1997 Afterglow as Donald Duncan
* 1998 Possums as John Clark
* 1998 Fatal Affair as Ezra Tyler
* 1999 Valerie Flake as Tim Darnell
* 1999 The Beat Goes On: The Sonny & Cher Story (TV movie) as Sonny Bono
* 1999 Dead Dogs as Derek
* 2000 Dancing in September as Michael Daniels
* 2000 The Girls' Room as Shepp
* 2000 Star Trek: Voyager (Episode: "Good Shepherd") as Mortimer Harren
* 2001 Road to Redemption as Alan Fischer
* 2001 The X-Files (Episode: Empedocles) as Jeb Dukes
* 2001 Legend of the Candy Cane (TV movie) as Chester (voice)
* 2004 Win a Date with Tad Hamilton! as Police Officer Tom
* 2005 Annie's Point (TV movie) as Police Officer
* 2006 Where There's a Will (TV movie) as Jimmy Ray
* 2010 No Greater Love as Dave
* 2016 Drift (Short) as Dad
* 2016 Surge of Power: Revenge of the Sequel as Cross
* 2019 Surge of Dawn as Cross
# Experience Estabrook

Experience Estabrook (April 30, 1813 – March 26, 1894) was an American attorney and legal administrator. He was the 3rd attorney general of Wisconsin and the 1st United States Attorney for the Nebraska Territory.

## Biography

Born in Lebanon, New Hampshire, he moved with his parents to Clarence, New York, in 1822 where he attended the public schools. Estabrook then attended Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. He graduated from Chambersburg, Pennsylvania Law School, and then was admitted to the bar in Brooklyn, New York in 1839. He worked as a clerk at the Navy Yard in Brooklyn and later practiced law in Buffalo, New York. In 1840, he moved to Geneva, Wisconsin in 1840 and continued the practice of law. Estabrook was a delegate to the second Wisconsin State Constitutional Convention in 1848; in 1851, he became a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly. He was Attorney General of Wisconsin in 1852 and 1853.
Estabrook was appointed as United States Attorney, by President Franklin Pierce, for the Nebraska Territory and served from 1855 to 1859.
He ran for Delegate to the Thirty-sixth United States Congress and won by 300 votes, but his opponent Samuel G. Daily contested the election and won. The House Committee on Elections found many cases of fraud and voter irregularities ranging from improperly commissioned election officials to the vote total from Izard county exceeding the county's population. Estabrook served from March 4, 1859, to May 18, 1860, when he was removed and replaced by Samuel G. Daily. Experience Estabrook was appointed by the Governor to codify the Nebraska State laws in 1866.
He then became the prosecuting attorney for Douglas County, Nebraska in 1867 and 1868. He was a member of the Nebraska State Constitutional Convention in 1871.
Experience Estabrook died in Omaha, Nebraska, and was buried in Forest Lawn Cemetery in Omaha.
His daughter, Caroline, was a composer. His son, Henry Dodge Estabrook, was a lawyer in New York City.