OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 601

Year 601 (DCI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 601 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Byzantine Empire

* Balkan Campaign: A Byzantine army under command of Peter, brother of Emperor Maurice, crosses the Danube and advances to the Tisza River, where it defeats the Avars.

#### Europe

* The Franks, Merovingians and Carolingians successively control most of Europe, while strong feudal lords rise in power to gain the allegiance of the people.
* The Lombards under King Agilulf expand into Northern Italy, establishing a settlement with the Franks and maintaining intermittent relationships with Rome.
* Liuva II, age 18, succeeds his father Reccared I as king of the Visigoths. Reccared dies a natural death at the capital in Toledo after a 15-year reign.

### By topic
#### Arts and sciences

* The Qieyun, a Chinese character rhyme dictionary, is published.

#### Agriculture

* Food production increases in northern and Western Europe as a result of agricultural technology introduced by the Slavs, who employ a lightweight plow with a knife blade (coulter), that cuts deep into the soil at grassroots level, together with a shaped board, or "moldboard", that moves the cut soil to one side.

#### Religion

* The future Archbishops of Canterbury (Mellitus, Justus, and Honorius), and the future Archbishop of York Paulinus, are sent to England by Pope Gregory I to aid Augustine in his missionary work. Gregory writes the decretal Libellus responsionum to Augustine.

## Births

* September 13 – Ali, central figure in Shia Islam (d. 661)
* Hongren, Chán (Buddhist) patriarch of the Tang dynasty (d. 674)
* Ma Zhou, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (d. 648)
* Sigebert II, king of Austrasia and Burgundy (d. 613)
* Zhangsun, empress of the Tang dynasty (d. 636)

## Deaths

* March 13 or 600 – Leander, bishop of Seville
* Agilulf, bishop of Metz
* Reccared I, king of the Visigoths (b. 559)
* Bertha of Kent, Frankish-born Anglo-Saxon queen consort, canonized (b. c.565) (approximate date)
* Sophia, Byzantine Empress consort (approximate date)
# 168

Year 168 (CLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Apronianus and Paullus (or, less frequently, year 921 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 168 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Roman Empire

* Emperor Marcus Aurelius and his adopted brother Lucius Verus leave Rome, and establish their headquarters at Aquileia.
* The Roman army crosses the Alps into Pannonia, and subdues the Marcomanni at Carnuntum, north of the Danube.

#### Asia

* Emperor Ling of Han succeeds Emperor Huan of Han as the emperor of the Chinese Han Dynasty; the first year of the Jianning era.

## Births

* Cao Ren, Chinese general (d. 223)
* Gu Yong, Chinese chancellor (d. 243)
* Li Tong, Chinese general (d. 209)

## Deaths

* Anicetus, pope of Rome (approximate date)
* Chen Fan, Chinese official and politician
* Daniel of Padua, Italian bishop and saint
* Dou Wu, Chinese politician and regent
* Huan of Han, Chinese emperor (b. 132)
* Titus Flavius Boethus, Roman politician
* Titus Furius Victorinus, Roman prefect
# 229

Year 229 (CCXXIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Severus and Cassius (or, less frequently, year 982 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 229 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Roman Empire

* Emperor Alexander Severus and Dio Cassius are joint Consuls.

#### China

* February–May – Battle of Jianwei: The state of Shu Han is victorious over the state of Cao Wei.
* June 23 – Chinese warlord Sun Quan formally declares himself emperor of the Eastern Wu state. The city of Jianye (modern Nanjing) is founded as the capital of Eastern Wu. The independent kingdoms in Cambodia and Laos become Eastern Wu vassals.
* Eastern Wu merchants reach Vietnam; ocean transport is improved to such an extent that sea journeys are made to the Liaodong Peninsula and the island of Yizhou.

### By topic
#### Art and Science

* Ammonius Saccas renews Greek philosophy by creating Neoplatonism.

## Deaths

* Cao Li, Chinese prince of the Cao Wei state (b. 208)
* Cao Yong, Chinese prince of the Cao Wei state
* Zhao Yun, Chinese general of the Shu Han state
# Mădălina

Mădălina is a Romanian feminine given name that may refer to:
* Mădălina Cioveie (born 1983), Romanian aerobic gymnast
* Mădălina Diana Ghenea (born 1987), Romanian-Italian actress and model
* Mădălina Gojnea (born 1987), Romanian tennis player
* Mădălina Manole (1967–2010), Romanian pop recording artist
* Mădălina Zamfirescu (born 1994), Romanian handballer
# Smooth horsefish

The smooth horsefish (Congiopodus torvus) is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Congiopodidae, the horsefishes or pigfishes. It is found in the waters off Southern Africa.

## Taxonomy

The smooth horsefish was first formally described as Blennius torvus in 1772 by the Dutch zoologist Laurens Theodoor Gronow with the type locality given, probably in error, as the Indian Ocean. In 1811 the English naturalist George Perry described a new species, Congiopodus percatus which he classified in a new monotypic genus, Congiopodus. This taxon was subsequently considered to be a junior synonym of Gronow's Blennius torvus, so this species is the type species of its genus as C. percatus. The specific name torvus means "staring eyes", an allusion Gronow did not expand upon but which may refer to the placement of the eyes on the each side at the top of the head.

## Description

The smooth horsefish is a compressed fish with a long continuous dorsal fin that is very high over the head and which contains 20 or 21 spines and between 13 and 15 soft rays. The anal fin lacks any pines and has 7 or 8 soft rays. There is a projecting snout with a small, terminal mouth and a single nostril at each side. The adults are smooth skinned but the skin of juveniles is covered with small rough bumps. This species attains a maximum published total length of 76 cm (30 in) but a total length of 30 cm (12 in) is more typical. The juveniles are pale brown in colour broken with irregular darker brown markings, while the adults are plain dark brown.

## Distribution and habitat

The smooth horsefish is endemic to the temperate waters of southern Africa where it is found from Namibia in the Atlantic Ocean around the Cape of Good Hope to the coast of KwaZulu-Natal in the Indian Ocean. This is a demersal fish which lives at depths of 10 to 146 m (33 to 479 ft) on rocky reefs and sandy seabeds.

## Biology

The smooth horsefish is more active during the night than in the day. It feeds on benthic invertebrates such as crustaceans, molluscs, sea urchins, brittle stars and worms. This species is reputed to be rather docile and approachable, even, occasionally, being handled by divers when they have been heard to give off a quiet "tok-tok-tok".

## Fisheries

The smooth horsefish has palatable flesh but is not subjected to commercial fisheries and any such fishery would require more information to be gained on the species biology and population before it could be considered. It is taken as bycatch by trawlers and there is evidence that even this has caused signs of overfishing in Namibia.
# GAY World Anal Championship

The GAY (Get Asshole Yours) World Anal Championship (Japanese: GAY世界アナル級王座, Hepburn: GAY Sekai Anaru-kyū Ōza) is an inactive professional wrestling championship in the Japanese promotion DDT Pro-Wrestling. The title was established in 2005 when Takao Omori defeated Danshoku Dino on the first day of the Pro Wrestling Zero1-Max Survivar 72H tour to win the title.

## Title history

Key :
| No. | Overall reign number |
| Reign | Reign number for the specific champion |
| Days | Number of days held |
| Defenses | Number of successful defenses |
| N/A | Unknown information |
| (NLT) | Championship change took place "no later than" the date listed |
| No. | Champion | Championship change | Championship change | Championship change | Reign statistics | Reign statistics | Reign statistics | Notes | Ref. |
| No. | Champion | Date | Event | Location | Reign | Days | Defenses | Notes | Ref. |
| 1 | Takao Omori | June 17, 2005 | Survivar 72H Opening Day | Tokyo, Japan | 1 | | 0 | Defeated Danshoku Dino to win the inaugural title. This was a Pro Wrestling Zero1-Max event. | |
| — | Vacated | March 5, 2006 (NLT) | — | — | — | — | — | Omori returned the belt to Dino for unknown reasons. | |
| 2 | Danshoku Dino | March 5, 2006 | DDT 9th Anniversary: Judgement 10 | Tokyo, Japan | 1 | 455 | 2 | Defeated Muscle Sakai to win the vacant title. | |
| 3 | Men's Teioh | June 3, 2007 | King of DDT 2007 | Tokyo, Japan | 1 | 799 | 0 | | |
| | Championship history is unrecorded from 2008 to 2009. | Championship history is unrecorded from 2008 to 2009. | Championship history is unrecorded from 2008 to 2009. | Championship history is unrecorded from 2008 to 2009. | Championship history is unrecorded from 2008 to 2009. | Championship history is unrecorded from 2008 to 2009. | Championship history is unrecorded from 2008 to 2009. | Championship history is unrecorded from 2008 to 2009. | Championship history is unrecorded from 2008 to 2009. |
| 4 | Masa Takanashi | August 10, 2009 | House show | — | 1 | 13 | 0 | | |
| 5 | Danshoku Dino | August 23, 2009 | Ryōgoku Peter Pan | Tokyo, Japan | 2 | <1 | 0 | Dino defended the DDT Extreme Championship, the World Ōmori Championship, the Greater China Unified Sichuan Openweight Championship, the Umemura PC Juku Copy & Paste Championship and the DJ Nira World Championship. | |
| — | Unified | August 23, 2009 | — | — | — | — | — | The title was unified with the DDT Extreme Championship. | |

## Combined reigns

| ¤ | The exact length of at least one title reign is uncertain, so the shortest possible length is used. |
| Rank | Wrestler | No. of reigns | Combined defenses | Combined days |
| 1 | Men's Teioh | 1 | 0 | 799 |
| 2 | Danshoku Dino | 2 | 2 | 455 |
| 3 | Masa Takanashi | 1 | 0 | 13 |
| 4 | Takao Omori | 1 | 0 | 1¤ |

## Footnotes

* ↑ The date of at least one of the title changes in this reign is uncertain, which means that the reign lasted between 1 and 261 days.
# Jack P. King

John Page King (April 13, 1909 – June 13, 1982) was an American politician who served in the Hawaii House of Representatives from 1949 to 1955, representing the 4th legislative district of Hawaii as a Republican.

## Early life and education

King was born in Richmond, Virginia, on April 13, 1909. He attended the University of Hawaiʻi, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts.

## Career

King was an official with the territorial office of civil defense during World War II.
King served in the Hawaii House of Representatives from 1949 to 1955, representing the 4th legislative district of Hawaii as a Republican. He was succeeded in office by Russell K. Kono.

## Personal life and death

In 1933, King married Louise Dickson, with whom he had three daughters.
King died at the age of 73 in Mililani, Hawaii, on June 13, 1982.
# John Dempsey (footballer, born 1946)

John Dempsey (15 March 1946 – 6 November 2024) was an English professional footballer who played as a centre back. He played for Fulham and Chelsea in the 1960s and 1970s before moving to the United States to join Philadelphia Fury. He ended his career after a stint in Ireland with Dundalk. Born in England, he represented the Republic of Ireland national team at international level.

## Club career

Starting his career with Fulham, making his debut in 1963 and 149 appearances over six years, Dempsey was signed for West London rivals Chelsea by Dave Sexton in January 1969 for £70,000. He made his Chelsea debut against Southampton in February that year and established himself in the side for the remainder of the 1968–69 season.
Dempsey featured in the successful Chelsea side of the early 1970s, winning the FA Cup with the club in 1970, playing in both fiercely contested final matches against Leeds United as his side eventually ran out 2–1 winners. A year later, the Cup Winners' Cup was added with a win against Real Madrid in another replay in Athens, in which Dempsey scored the opening goal with a powerful volley following a corner (one of only five goals he scored for the club) as Chelsea won 2–1.
He had no further success with the club, but remained during the turbulent later 1970s, and eventually left in March 1978 with the club by then in Division Two, and moved to the Philadelphia Fury of the NASL, playing alongside fellow ex-Chelsea star Peter Osgood. In 1979, he was voted the NASL's defender of the year, beating out Franz Beckenbauer who finished second. In the summer of 1976 he played in the National Soccer League with the Serbian White Eagles where he served as a player-coach. His stint with the White Eagles was cut short after a dispute in pay and housing accommodations.
He was appointed player-manager of Dundalk in August 1983 making his League of Ireland debut on 9 October at Sligo Rovers but departed by mutual consent in March after a series of confrontations with referees.
He also had spells managing Maidenhead and Egham Town before retiring from the game in 1984.

## International career

Dempsey won a number of international caps for the Republic of Ireland (he qualified to play for Ireland through his parents). He was the first Irish international player ever to be sent off in a 1970 FIFA World Cup qualification game, being that against Hungary in the Népstadion.

## Later life and death

Dempsey was involved in local charity work and attended the tributes to Peter Osgood at Stamford Bridge following the latter's death.
He also worked with adults with autism and learning difficulties in a daycentre in Barnet.
John Dempsey suddenly died on 5 November 2024, at the age of 78.

## Honours

Chelsea
* FA Cup: 1969–70
* European Cup Winners' Cup: 1970–71
# Alan Costello

Alan Costello is a Gaelic footballer from County Mayo. He has played for the Mayo county team and, currently, for the Sligo county team. He was part of the Mayo team that made it to the 2004 All-Ireland Final but lost out to Kerry. He joined up with the Sligo county team after moving to the county. Since then he has won consecutive National League titles: Div 4 in 2009 and Div 3 in 2010. Receiving a GPA All Star nomination in 2010. He also played for the IT Sligo college team and won Sigerson Cup medals with it in 2004 and 2005.
# Gateway Festival Orchestra

The Gateway Festival Orchestra is a seasonal orchestra based in St. Louis, Missouri. It usually performs four concerts each summer on Sunday evenings on the campus of Washington University in St. Louis.

## History

The Gateway Festival Orchestra was founded in 1964 by Professor William Schatzkamer of Washington University along with members of the St. Louis Symphony Orchestra and community leaders. The orchestra performed its first concerts on the levee of the Mississippi River. It began performing on the Brookings Quadrangle at Washington University in 1970.
Due to construction on the Quadrangle, it performed in Washington University's 560 Music Center for the 2019 season. Due to the pandemic, there were no concerts in 2020. In 2021, there were 3 concerts at St. Louis Music Park at Centene Community Ice Center and one at Chesterfield Amphitheater. The orchestra's board of directors planned concerts for the summer of 2022 in a variety of locations.
The GFO is an ensemble of paid instrumentalists. Its concerts are free to the public.

## Music Directors

The orchestra's first music director William Schatzkamer, who was trained at the Juilliard School of Music. He was a piano student of Alexander Siloti. Over his storied career performing, he performed a total of 175 concerts and recitals and recorded with RCA Victor. He served on the music faculty of Washington University between 1951 and 1987.
The orchestra's second music director was Dr. James Richards, Professor of Orchestral Studies at the University of Missouri–St. Louis. He was trained at the Eastman School of Music. Richards retired at the end of the 2018 season.
The orchestra's current music director is Darwin Aquino, a native of the Dominican Republic. He has a master's degree in Music for orchestral conducting from Florida International University, and has conducted numerous orchestras in Europe and the Americas.
# Tongod District, Malaysia

The Tongod District (Malay: Daerah Tongod) is an administrative district in the Malaysian state of Sabah, part of the Sandakan Division which includes the districts of Beluran, Kinabatangan, Sandakan, Telupid and Tongod. The capital of the district is in Tongod Town.

## History

The district was first established in 1977 as a sub-district of the Kinabatangan district. The "daerah kecil" ("small district") was entrusted to Keningau's Charles Andau, who was an assistant district officer and formally subordinate to the district officer of the Kinabatangan district. On 1 March 1999, Tongod was raised to become an independent district. On 24 May 1999, Major Matthew Sator of Ranau was appointed to be the first district officer. The acquisition of the status of a fully fledged district also involved the construction of a new administration building, which replaced the first secretarial building.

## Demographics

According to the last census in 2010, the population of the entire district is 35,341 inhabitants. In relation to the total area of 10,052 km$^2$, it is a sparsely populated district. Orang Sungai and Kadazan-Dusun is the major in Tongod.

## Gallery

* Meliau Range.
* Milian River.
# Rick Quinn Jr.

Richard Quinn Jr. is an American politician who served as a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from 1988 to 2004 and again from 2010 to 2017.

## Early life and education

Quinn was born in Columbia, South Carolina. His father, Richard Quinn Sr., is a former political consultant. Rick Jr. graduated from the University of South Carolina.

## Career

Quinn served as South Carolina House Majority Leader from 1999 to 2004. He played a role in the removal of the Confederate flag from the South Carolina State House in 2015.

### Conviction and resignation

On December 13, 2017, during the South Carolina Statehouse corruption investigation, he resigned from the South Carolina legislature after pleading guilty to a charge of misconduct while in office. The prosecutor, David Pascoe, had initially charged Quinn with two counts of misconduct, a charge of common law misconduct, and a charge of statutory law misconduct, but Quinn pleaded guilty to just one charge. Pascoe has been criticized for not taking Quinn to trial. Quinn was also charged with criminal conspiracy on October 28, 2017 but those chargers were dropped with the plea deal.
In 2018, the judge overseeing Quinn's sentencing gave him one year in prison, but suspended the order, ignoring the plea deal's recommended prison time. Instead, Quinn will have to do 500 hours of community service — “public service,” Circuit Court Judge Carmen Mullen said — and serve two years of probation after pleading guilty to one count of misdemeanor misconduct in office and was fined $1,000.
Prosecutor David Pascoe appealed his own plea deal with Rick Quinn Jr. to the South Carolina Supreme Court arguing that the initial judge overseeing the case had shown bias.
# Hermenegildo Galeana

Hermenegildo Galeana (13 April 1762 – 27 June 1814) was a hero of the Mexican War of Independence, one of six brothers who fought in the insurgency. Galeana was considered the right-hand man of secular priest and leader of independence, José María Morelos and was the immediate superior of insurgent fighter Vicente Guerrero. Galeana's family were landholders and "family name is said to be hispanicized from English", with the founder in Mexico being an English pirate who jumped ship, marrying a local woman. His portrait shows him as light-complected in a region with many dark morenos. Galeana died in battle, which followed the earlier death of Morelos's lieutenant, Father Mariano Matamoros, Morelos reportedly exclaimed, "I have lost both my arms, now I am nothing."
There are several places in Mexico named Galeana after the general.
# Icosahedral number

In mathematics, an icosahedral number is a figurate number that represents an icosahedron. The nth icosahedral number is given by the formula
    ${n(5n^{2}-5n+2) \over 2}$.
The first such numbers are: 1, 12, 48, 124, 255, 456, 742, 1128, 1629, 2260, 3036, 3972, 5083, … (sequence A006564 in the OEIS).

## History

The first study of icosahedral numbers appears to have been by René Descartes, around 1630, in his De solidorum elementis. Prior to Descartes, figurate numbers had been studied by the ancient Greeks and by Johann Faulhaber, but only for polygonal numbers, pyramidal numbers, and cubes. Descartes introduced the study of figurate numbers based on the Platonic solids and some semiregular polyhedra; his work included the icosahedral numbers. However, De solidorum elementis was lost, and not rediscovered until 1860. In the meantime, icosahedral numbers had been studied again by other mathematicians, including Friedrich Wilhelm Marpurg in 1774, Georg Simon Klügel in 1808, and Sir Frederick Pollock in 1850.
# Manuel de la Concha

Manuel de la Concha was a Spanish commissioned officer of the military forces under Félix María Calleja del Rey Bruder Losada Campaño y Montero de Espinosa, Viceroy of New Spain; his rank was Colonel. In 1815 Manuel de la Concha apprehended insurgent General José María Morelos y Pavón.
# Motorrad (film)

Motorrad is a 2017 Brazilian thriller film directed by Vicente Amorim. It was screened in the Contemporary World Cinema section at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival. The film had concept art of by Brazilian comic artist Danilo Beyruth.

## Cast

* Carla Salle as Paula
* Pablo Sanábio as Tomás
* Juliana Lohmann as Bia
* Emílio de Mello as Ricardo
* Guilherme Prates as Hugo
# Ramón Fabié

Ramón Fabié y de Jesús (1785 – November 28, 1810) was a Philippines-born Mexican mining engineering student who joined revolutionaries in the Mexican War of Independence.

## Background

Ramón Fabié was born in Paco, Manila. His parents were Brígida de Jesús and Pedro Crisólogo Fabié. The latter was a lawyer who worked in the Real Audiencia in Manila. After starting his studies in the Philippines, Fabie and his cousin Carlos went to New Spain to continue their studies. They entered the Royal College of Mines in Mexico City in 1802. One Fabie's mentors in college was Andrés Manuel del Río. Fabie was in Guanajuato City when Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla started the Cry of Dolores in 1810 which ignited the Mexican War of Independence.
Ramón Fabié decided to join the secessionists. He served as a lieutenant colonel under a regiment formed from workers of the Valenciana Mine which was led by colonel Casimiro Chowell. He participated in the fortification of Guanajuato City and manufactured arms and ammunition for the independence movement. Fabié was arrested by colonial authorities in his residence in Guanajuato City on November 25, 1810. He, along with Chowell, was executed by hanging in front of the Alhóndiga de Granaditas.
The Mexican embassy in Manila unveiled in 2021, a plaque commemorating Fabié's role in the Mexican War of Independence