OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lee Williams (conductor)

Lee Williams was a Canadian railway porter, as well as civil and labour rights activist.
Williams is best known for fighting for fair treatment of Black employees at the Canadian National Railway (now Via Rail).

## Biography

Born around 1907 in Waco, Texas, Williams immigrated to Canada as a child in 1910, settling in Hillside, Saskatchewan with his family.
In 1930, Williams moved to Winnipeg, Manitoba, to work for the Canadian National Railway (CNR)—one of the major employers of Black men in Canada between the late 1800s and mid-20th century—as a sleeping car porter. The vast majority of Black men in Winnipeg at the time were porters, establishing the beginnings of Winnipeg's Black community in the shadow of the CPR railway station in what is now North Point Douglas.
At the time opportunities for advancement was limited among Black workers, who were not eligible to be union members or get promoted in addition to receiving very low wages.
Seeking to advocate for racial equality, Williams became chair of the local chapter of the Order of Sleeping Car Porters' Union. In 1955, he challenged the Canadian Brotherhood of Railway Employees, the predominant porter union at the time, with a request to remove job discrimination from the union’s collective agreement, but was ultimately shut down.
Williams was able to leverage his relationship with Member of Parliament John Diefenbaker, a regular train passenger who would become Canada’s 13th prime minister. Once Diefenbaker became prime minister, Williams to him asking for help securing better rights for the porters. Diefenbaker sent him a copy of Canada's Fair Employment Practices Act. Williams submitted a complaint to the federal government under the Fair Employment Practices Act, charging the rail companies with discrimination, but to no avail.
A decade later, Williams tried again, demanding the act be enforced on the federal railways. In April 1964, the government under Prime Minister Lester Pearson ruled in favour of the African-Canadian workers, ordering that CNR end its discriminatory practices. As result, many of the provisions that prevented porters from advancing in the CNR ranks had been eliminated.
As a result of the legal action, Williams became one of the first African-Canadian sleeping-car conductors and was later promoted to a supervisory position. He also served as president of the National Black Coalition of Canada.
He retired in 1972, having worked on the rails for 42 years.
Williams's actions would lead to the dismantling of segregated employment on the railways in 1978 when the federal government merged CNR and the Canadian Pacific Railway into Via Rail, allowing people of colour, as well as women, to be eligible for all jobs on the rails.

## Later life

Williams was married to Alice, and had three children, Sharon, Len, and Valerie.
Williams was awarded an honourary Doctor of Laws from York University in 2002. He was featured in the 1996 documentary The Road Taken.
# Estabraq Rural District

Estabraq Rural District (Persian: دهستان استبرق) is in the Central District of Shahr-e Babak County, Kerman province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Estabraq.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 5,069 in 1,221 households. There were 5,839 inhabitants in 1,599 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 6,748 in 1,931 households. The most populous of its 109 villages was Estabraq, with 3,129 people.
# From Patrice to Lumumba

From Patrice to Lumumba is a 2019 independent documentary story of Patrice Lumumba, written by Patrick Kabeya. This film chronicles the story of Patrice Lumumba, the first prime minister of the Democratic Republic of Congo and one of the faces associated with the country's liberation after Belgian colonization.
The film focuses on Lumumba's last letter to his wife Pauline. In the letter Lumumba keeps a militant tone but also reveals a more private side of the man, yet to be shown before. This story, mainly told in his own words, gives Lumumba back the humanity he was not afforded throughout his career.
The film premiered in April 2019 at the Festival international du film Panafricain de Cannes.
The film was nominated for the Flemish Commission For UNESCO for Best African Documentary for 2020.
# John B. Forester

John B. Forester (1785 - August 1, 1845) was an American politician that represented Tennessee's fifth district in the United States House of Representatives.

## Biography

Forester was born in McMinnville, Tennessee. Although he received a limited schooling, he studied law. He was admitted to the bar, and practiced law, as one of the early lawyers of Warren County, Tennessee.

## Career

Forester was elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-third Congress and re-elected as an Anti-Jacksonian candidate to the Twenty-fourth Congress. He served from March 4, 1833 to March 3, 1837.

## Death

Forester died on August 1, 1845. The place he was interred is unknown.
# Strength of Steel

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Collector's Guide to Heavy Metal | 4/10 |
| Kerrang! | |
| Rock Hard | 8.5/10 |
Strength of Steel is the fourth studio album by Canadian heavy metal band Anvil. It was released by Metal Blade and Enigma Records on June 22, 1987.
It is the group's sole charting album in the United States, peaking at No. 191 on the Billboard 200 album chart in 1987. It was also the band's first release on Metal Blade Records. Two of the songs on this album ("Straight Between the Eyes" and "Wild Eyes") appeared in the film Sleepaway Camp II: Unhappy Campers.
A music video was made for the song "Mad Dog".
Metal Hammer included the album cover on their list of "50 most hilariously ugly rock and metal album covers ever".

## Track listing

All tracks by Anvil, except "Wild Eyes" by Rich Dodson

## Personnel

Anvil
* Steve "Lips" Kudlow – vocals, guitar
* Dave Allison – guitar, second vocal on "Straight Between the Eyes"
* Ian Dickson – bass
* Robb Reiner – drums
Production
* Paul Lachapelle – producer, engineer, mixing
* Gabor Varszegi – executive producer
# Beyond the Steel

The documentary Beyond the Steel, filmed over four years, records the relocation of an industrial town in northern Manitoba. The film was produced and directed by Frank Holmes, a Manitoban filmmaker. From 1950 to 1953 the town of Sherridon, Manitoba was relocated to Lynn Lake, Manitoba.
The film is preserved in the Manitoba Legislature's official library.
# William Addison Duncan

William Addison Duncan (February 2, 1836 – November 14, 1884) was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.

## Biography

William A. Duncan was born in Cashtown, Pennsylvania. He attended the public schools, and graduated from Franklin & Marshall College in Lancaster, Pennsylvania in 1857. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1859 and commenced practice in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
Duncan was elected district attorney in 1862 and 1868. He was elected as a Democrat to the Forty-eighth Congress and served until his death in Gettysburg. He had been reelected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Interment in Evergreen Cemetery.
# Ogorzeliny

Ogorzeliny is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chojnice, within Chojnice County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) south of Chojnice and 111 km (69 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Fabio da Silva Lopes

Fabio da Silva Lopes, commonly known as Fabio da Silva (born 9 January 1986), is a Portuguese rugby union football player. He plays as a Scrum-half.
He made his club debut in France where he played for Lyon from 2005 till 2008 where he signed for Villeurbanne for a season before moving to Saint-Étienne for 2 seasons. He currently plays for Bourgoin as of 2011 and has played 25 games for them scoring 4 tries.
# Cezar Petrescu

Cezar Petrescu (Romanian pronunciation:; December 1, 1892–March 9, 1961) was a Romanian journalist, novelist, and children's writer.
He was born in Hodora, Iași County, the son of Dimitrie Petrescu, an engineer and a teacher. After attending elementary school in his native village, he pursued his studies at high schools in Roman and Iași. From 1911 he attended the Faculty of Law at the University of Iași, graduating in 1915.
Petrescu was inspired by the works of Honoré de Balzac, attempting to write a Romanian novel cycle that would mirror Balzac's La Comédie humaine. He was also under the influence of the Sămănătorul critique of Romanian society.
As a journalist, Petrescu made himself known as one of the editors of the magazine Gândirea, alongside Nichifor Crainic and Lucian Blaga. For a long time, he was a member of the National Peasants' Party, and wrote extensively for its press, especially for Aurora.
His major work consists of novels such as Întunecare ("Darkening"; 1928), Calea Victoriei (the name of a Bucharest avenue; 1930), Dumenica orbului ("The Blind Man's Sunday"; 1934), and Noi vrem pământ ("We Demand Land"; 1938).
Despite having directed the newspaper România, the organ of king Carol II's personal regime (1938-1940), and justified the antisemitic by-laws and laws of June-August 1940, Petrescu became a member of the Academy of the Romanian People's Republic in 1955.
Notwithstanding his prolific output as a novelist, Petrescu is mostly remembered for his children's book Fram, ursul polar ("Fram, the polar bear"—the circus animal character was named after Fram, the ship used by Fridtjof Nansen on his expeditions).
He died in Bucharest in 1961, and is buried in the city's Bellu Cemetery.
In 1967, a memorial museum was created in Bușteni, in the mansion Petrescu acquired in 1937, and lived in until 1960. Streets are named after him in Brăila, Bucharest, Bușteni, Cluj-Napoca, Dumbrăvița, Iași, Mangalia, Păun, Roman, and Târgu Jiu.
# Del sol

Del Sol or del Sol may refer to:
* Del Sol, Texas, a census-designated place in Texas
* Del Sol-Loma Linda, Texas, a former census-designated place in Texas
* Del Sol High School, a high school in Las Vegas, Nevada
* Del Sol High School (California), a high school in Oxnard, California
* Del Sol Press, a publishing company
* Del Sol metro station, a station in Santiago, Chile
* Luis del Sol, former Spanish footballer
* Honda CR-X del Sol, a two-seat, targa top convertible manufactured by Honda in the 1990s
* Del Sol Quartet, a San Francisco-based string quartet
# Scleroptila

Scleroptila is a genus of birds in the francolin group of the tribe Gallini of the pheasant family. Its eight species range through Sub-Saharan Africa.

## Species

The species are:
| Common Name | Scientific name | Distribution |
| Ring-necked francolin | Scleroptila streptophora | Burundi, Cameroon, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda. |
| Red-winged francolin | Scleroptila levaillantii | Angola, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Rwanda, South Africa, Eswatini, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia. |
| Finsch's francolin | Scleroptila finschi | Angola, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, parts of Cameroon, and Gabon. |
| Moorland francolin | Scleroptila psilolaema | Ethiopia. |
| Grey-winged francolin | Scleroptila afra | Lesotho and South Africa. |
| Orange River francolin | Scleroptila gutturalis | Ethiopia, South Sudan, Somalia, Uganda and Kenya |
| Shelley's francolin | Scleroptila shelleyi | Kenya, Mozambique, Rwanda, South Africa, Eswatini, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. |
| Whyte's francolin | Scleroptila whytei | Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, and Zambia. |
| Elgon francolin | Scleroptila elgonensis | Uganda (Mount Elgon) to central Kenya |
# Dirk Klinkenberg

Dirk Klinkenberg (15 November 1709, Haarlem – 3 March 1799, The Hague) was secretary of the Dutch government for 40 years. He was also known as a mathematician and amateur astronomer.
Jan de Munck, Dirk Klinkenberg, and Jean-Philippe de Cheseaux each independently discovered the Great Comet of 1744 (aka C/1743 X1). Klinkenberg would later also discover comets C/1748 K1 and C/1762 K1.
Anticipating the return of Halley's Comet, he made an independent calculation of its orbit and sent Paris astronomers an estimate that it might reappear by May 1758. It was not observed until late December 1758. He was able to confirm its return independently on 24 April 1759.
Asteroid 10427 Klinkenberg, named after him, was discovered on September 24, 1960 by husband and wife team Cornelis Johannes van Houten and Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld.
# Ardeshiri-ye Sofla

Ardeshiri-ye Sofla (Persian: اردشيري سفلي, also Romanized as Ardeshīrī-ye Soflá; also known as Ardeshīrī-ye Ḩoseynābād and Ardeshīrī-ye Pā’īn) is a village in Sornabad Rural District, Hamaijan District, Sepidan County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 141, in 35 families.
# Gongneung station

Gongneung Station (Korean: 공릉역) is a station on the Seoul Subway Line 7, also known as "Seoul National University of Science and Technology Station".
There are four exits, one at each corner of the crossroads just above the station. No escalators are built on any of the exits yet, but a lift for the disabled is installed near the exit #2. Seoul National University of Science and Technology is located within a distance of 10 minute walk from the station.

## Station layout

* ‹See TfM›Hagye ↑
* | N/B
* ↓ ‹See TfM›Taereung
| Southbound | ← ● Line 7 toward ‹See TfM›Seongnam |
| Northbound | → ● Line 7 toward ‹See TfM›Jangam → |
| Preceding station | Seoul Metropolitan Subway | Seoul Metropolitan Subway | Seoul Metropolitan Subway | Following station |
| Hagyetowards Jangam | | Line 7 | | Taereungtowards Seongnam |
vteSeoul Metropolitan Subway :
37°37′31.9″N 127°4′22.7″E﻿ / ﻿37.625528°N 127.072972°E﻿ / 37.625528; 127.072972
# Clinton L. Cobb

Clinton Levering Cobb (August 25, 1842 – April 30, 1879) was an American lawyer, businessman, and politician who served three terms as a U.S. Representative from North Carolina from 1869 to 1875.

## Biography

Born in Elizabeth City, North Carolina, Cobb attended the common schools and was graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He studied law. He was admitted to the bar in 1867 and commenced practice in Elizabeth City. He engaged in the mercantile business.

### Congress

Cobb was elected as a Republican to the Forty-first, Forty-second, and Forty-third Congresses (March 4, 1869 – March 3, 1875). He served as chairman of the Committee on the Freedman's Bureau (Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1874 to the Forty-fourth Congress.

### Later career and death

He resumed the practice of law in Elizabeth City, and died there on April 30, 1879. He was interred in Episcopal Cemetery.

## Sources

* United States Congress. "Clinton L. Cobb (id: C000544)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
* Media related to Clinton L. Cobb at Wikimedia Commons
U.S. House of Representatives :
| Preceded byJohn R. French | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from North Carolina's 1st congressional district 1869–1875 | Succeeded byJesse J. Yeates |
# Okręglik

Okręglik is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brusy, within Chojnice County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) south of Brusy, 16 km (10 mi) north-east of Chojnice, and 87 km (54 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Gyula Belloni

Gyula Belloni (6 February 1904 – 28 June 1977) was a Hungarian middle-distance runner. He competed in the men's 1500 metres at the 1928 Summer Olympics.
# Gmina Skrwilno

Gmina Skrwilno is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Rypin County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Skrwilno, which lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) south-east of Rypin and 66 km (41 mi) east of Toruń.
The gmina covers an area of 124.35 square kilometres (48.0 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 6,109.

## Villages

Gmina Skrwilno contains the villages and settlements of Baba, Borki, Budziska, Czarnia Duża, Czarnia Mała, Kotowy, Mościska, Nowe Skudzawy, Okalewo, Otocznia, Przywitowo, Rak, Ruda, Skrwilno, Skudzawy, Szczawno, Szucie, Szustek, Urszulewo, Wólka, Zambrzyca and Zofiewo.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Skrwilno is bordered by the gminas of Lubowidz, Lutocin, Rogowo, Rościszewo, Rypin, Świedziebnia and Szczutowo.
# Haiti: Harvest of Hope

Haiti: Harvest of Hope is a documentary produced by Kevin Pina and released in 1994. It covers the election of Jean-Bertrand Aristide in 1990 in Haiti, and the four following years of military coup and brutality.

## Presentation

Haiti: Harvest of Hope was originally planned as a documentary about democracy coming to Haiti with the election of Jean-Bertrand Aristide in December 1990. During the final editing of the original (late September 1991), Haiti was struck by yet another military coup. Editing of the first version came to a halt when the journalist Kevin Pina returned to Haiti, spending three weeks chronicling the brutality and machinations of Haiti's new military leaders and their supporters. Kevin Pina returned to Haiti in late July 1993 just after the negotiation of the Governor's Island Accord between the Haitian Government in exile and General Raoul Cédras. Pina returned again in 1994 to film Aristide's return to Haiti.
Kevin Pina produced sequels of this documentary, Haiti: The UNtold Story (2005) and Haiti: We Must Kill the Bandits (2007).

## Distribution

The world television premiere of Harvest of Hope was in Haiti on May 28, 1995. The Haitian Creole version was produced in association with Jean-Claude Martineau who also introduced the film on Télévision Nationale d'Haïti. The English version is narrated by Roscoe Lee Browne and premiered at the Mill Valley Film Festival in the summer of 1994.
# Edward Darlington

Edward Darlington (September 17, 1795 – November 21, 1884) was a three term member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania from the Anti-Masonic Party. His cousins Isaac Darlington and William Darlington were also both members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.
Edward Darlington was born in Middletown Township, Pennsylvania and grew up on a dairy farm. He taught school from 1817 to 1820. He studied law with Samuel Edwards and was admitted to the bar in 1821 and entered practice in Chester, Pennsylvania.
In 1824, Darlington was appointed deputy attorney general for Delaware County and served until 1830.
In 1832, Darlington was elected as a member of the Anti-Masonic Party to the 23rd United States Congress.
In 1834, he was re-elected to the same office in the 24th United States Congress. Darlington served in Congress from 1833 to 1839. He was chairman of the United States House Committee on Expenditures on Public Buildings during the Twenty-fourth Congress. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1838.
He resumed the practice of law and served as attorney for county commissioners from 1846 to 1856. He moved to Media, Pennsylvania, in 1851 and served as district attorney of Delaware County from 1851 to 1854.
Darlington was a director of the Delaware County National Bank,
In 1842, Darlington was appointed director of the Delaware County Mutual Insurance Company.
He died in Media and was interred in Chester Rural Cemetery in Chester, Pennsylvania.
# Development Impact Tax

A development impact tax taxes new construction. Such taxes are commonly used to pay for the infrastructure needed to support the public strain of new development. New commercial development can require additional infrastructure or other public services that require tax money; however, impact taxes usually apply to residential development.
Whenever many houses are built and many people move into an area tax money is spent. In order to support the increased population new schools need to be built as well as libraries, hospitals, water treatment, etc.

## Politics

Many areas of the United States are involved in heated debate over development. People who support development often cite the benefits of increased economic activity, and the housing needs of an increasing population. Opposers of development point at crowded roads and schools, environmental impact, and depleting farmland. Development is also criticized for more difficult storm water management due to a higher percentage of the ground being paved.

### Virginia

It is currently illegal to charge impact taxes in certain areas of Virginia. The state government passed a law to limit the option for localities to charge impact taxes. The population of the county determines whether or not they are permitted to charge the taxes. To check out Virginia's policy on income taxes go to the Code of Virginia at Virginia's Legislative Information System (LIS).
# List of chess books

This is a list of chess books that are used as references in articles related to chess. The list is organized by alphabetical order of the author's surname, then the author's first name, then the year of publication, then the alphabetical order of title.
As a general rule, only the original edition should be listed except when different editions bring additional encyclopedic value. Examples of exceptions include:
* When various editions are different enough to be considered as nearly a different book, for example for opening encyclopedias when each edition is completely revised and has even different authors (example: Modern Chess Openings).
* When the book is too old to have an ID (ISBN, OCLC number, ...) that makes it easy for the reader to find it. In that case, both the first and the last edition can be indicated.
Authors with five books or more have a sub-section title on their own, to increase the usability of the table of contents. When a book was written by several authors, it is listed once under the name of each author.
See:
* List of chess books (A–F)
* List of chess books (G–L)
* List of chess books (M–S)
* List of chess books (T–Z)
# Maurice V. Brady

Maurice V. Brady (January 18, 1904 – November 5, 1991) was an American politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from the Hudson district from 1952 to 1968. He served as Speaker of the New Jersey General Assembly in 1960 and 1966.
# István Bezegh-Huszágh

István Bezegh-Huszágh (8 June 1913 – 7 September 1998) was a Hungarian fencer. He competed in the team épée event at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
# Ed Fairhurst

Edward Fairhurst (born May 7, 1979) is a former Canadian international rugby union player.
Fairhurst played primarily as a scrum half throughout his career making his debut for the Canada national team in May 2001. He was subsequently selected to the national squad for the 2003 Rugby World Cup in Australia, the 2007 Rugby World Cup in France and the 2011 Rugby World Cup. in New Zealand.
From 2001 - 2005 Fairhurst was a member of the national Seven-a-Side rugby team competing in 15 tournaments on the IRB Seven's World Series. In 2005 he was selected to the 2005 Seven-a-Side Rugby World Cup in Hong Kong.
In 2006 Fairhurst signed with the Cardiff Blues from the University of Victoria in British Columbia. He would play a year at Cardiff before moving to the south-west of England to play for the Cornish Pirates for the 2007–08 and 2008-09 seasons.
In 2009, Fairhurst joined RBC Dominion Securities in Vancouver, British Columbia. Edward holds both Chartered Investment Manager (CIM) and Certified Financial Planning (CFP) designations along with Securities, Options, Derivatives and Insurance (LLQP) licenses and is a Fellow of the Canadian Securities Institute (FCSI).
In October 2012, Fairhurst announced his retirement from international rugby with 57 international appearances; the most by any Canadian scrum-half.