OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thomas Hall (North Dakota politician)

Thomas Hall (June 6, 1869 – December 4, 1958) was a United States Republican politician who served in the United States House of Representatives. He also served as the North Dakota Secretary of State for two different periods, each lasting 12 years.

## Biography

Thomas Hall was born in Cliff Mine, Michigan. He came to North Dakota with his parents in 1883, and was educated in Stutsman County schools and Concordia College in Moorhead, Minnesota. He served as the Secretary of State of North Dakota from 1913 to 1924. He was elected as a Republican to the United States House of Representatives from North Dakota to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of George M. Young and served from November 4, 1924, to March 3, 1933. He was again Secretary of State of North Dakota from 1943 until 1954, when he retired. He was the oldest Secretary of State to serve the state when he left office at age 85. He died in Bismarck, North Dakota in 1958 at age 89.

### Family

Hall was married to Anna M. Grafstein of Jamestown on September 1, 1897. She died on September 28, 1944. They had four children; Richard Hall, Lucille Blunt, Ellen Hornthal, and Edna Rumreich.
# Olszowe Błoto

Olszowe Błoto (Cashubian Òlszowé Błoto) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Kartuzy, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) north-west of Kartuzy and 41 km (25 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Harry D. Kutz

Harry D. Kutz (1873 - 1934) was an American politician from Pennsylvania who served in the Pennsylvania State Senate, representing the 18th district from 1923 to 1926 as a Democrat.
Kutz was born in Kutztown, Pennsylvania on July 6, 1873. He attended the Keystone State Normal School and Lafayette College. He was admitted to the bar in 1900. He read law with Frank Reeder, the Assistant Chief of the National Security League, as well as the Assistant District Attorney of Northampton County. He was elected to the State Senate for one term from 1923 to 1926, He married Carrie Née Odenwelder, and died on August 31, 1934.
# Tim Lee Hall

Tim Lee Hall (June 11, 1925 – November 12, 2008) was an American politician and Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from Illinois for one term from 1975 to 1977.

## Early life and career

Born in West Frankfort, Illinois, Hall was educated in West Frankfort public schools. During World War II, he and his twin brother left high school in the middle of their junior year to enlist in the United States Coast Guard in 1943. Hall served in both the Atlantic theater and Pacific theater. After the war, he completed high school. He earned a bachelor of arts from Iowa Wesleyan College in 1951. He earned a Masters of Education Administration and Supervision from Southern Illinois University in Carbondale in 1956, and did graduate work at Valparaiso University in 1965. He became a social studies teacher and taught for a number of years at Dwight Junior High School. He also worked as an educational consultant with a major publishing company in Elgin, Illinois. At the time of his election, he was a training coordinator at William Fox Children's Center, a state facility for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. In 1959, he met Marianne Heller, a fellow teacher. In 1970, they married and had two sons, Bret Tim and Jon Jason.

## Congressional tenure

In 1972, Hall ran for Congress, but lost. In 1974, Hall ran again for Congress, this time to succeed longtime congressman Leslie C. Arends, the House Republican Whip since 1943, in Illinois's 15th congressional district which included DeKalb, LaSalle, Kendall, Grundy, Livingston, Ford, Woodford, Marshall, Putnam counties and the southern portion of Kane County. Hall defeated Republican National Committeeman and former Congressman Cliffard D. Carlson of Aurora, Illinois.
Hall served in the 94th Congress. While in Congress, he served on the Committee on Education and Labor and the Science and Technology Committee. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the 95th Congress in 1976 when he was defeated by Republican Tom Corcoran.

## Post-congressional life

He was also an unsuccessful candidate for election in 1978 to the 96th Congress and in 1982 to the 98th Congress. In 1980, he ran for one of three seats in the Illinois House of Representatives from the 38th district. He finished fourth of four candidates losing to Republicans Thomas W. Ewing and Betty J. Hoxsey and Democrat Peg McDonnell Breslin.
He served as Administrative assistant to Illinois Secretary of State from 1977 to 1983. He ran for the Democratic nomination for the 1991 special election for Illinois's 15th congressional district, but lost to former State Representative Gerald A. Bradley.
He taught school in Illinois public school system and also served as a principal and superintendent at Goodfarm School until his retirement in the early 1990s. In 2008, Hall slipped outside of his son's house in Bolingbrook, Illinois and died later at La Grange Memorial Hospital in La Grange, Illinois.
# Rubaga Cathedral

Saint Mary's Cathedral Rubaga, commonly referred to as Rubaga Cathedral, is the parent cathedral of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kampala, the oldest Roman Catholic diocese in Uganda. It is the home church of Archbishop of Kampala.

## Location

The Cathedral is located on Lubaga Hill, in Lubaga Division, in the western part of the city of Kampala, the capital of Uganda and the largest city in that East African country. Lubaga is located approximately 3 kilometres (1.9 mi), by road, west of the central business district of Kampala. The coordinates of Rubaga Cathedral are:0°18'09.0"N, 32°33'08.0"E (Latitude:0.302500; Longitude:32.552222).

## Overview

Kabaka Mutesa I Mukaabya Walugembe, the 30th Kabaka of Buganda, who reigned from 1856 until 1884, once maintained a palace on Lubaga Hill. When fire destroyed the palace, he abandoned the hill and relocated to Mengo Hill. In 1889, his son Mwanga II of Buganda, donated that land to the French Catholic missionaries (White Fathers) who were setting up the nascent Catholic church in the country, at that time. In 1914 the missionaries began constructing a modern cathedral at Lubaga (Rubaga). Construction was completed in 1925 and St. Mary's Cathedral Rubaga was consecrated on 31 December 1925.

## Other considerations

The remains of the late Archbishop Joseph Kiwanka (June 25, 1899 — February 22, 1966), the first African Catholic Bishop and the first African Archbishop of Kampala Diocese, are housed inside the cathedral.
# Election of remedies

In the law of civil procedure, election of remedies is the situation in which a winning party in a lawsuit must choose the means by which its injury will be remedied. For example, if a court finds that the plaintiff's painting was stolen by the defendant, then the plaintiff has two possible routes to restore the loss. The plaintiff can elect to either receive monetary damages equal to the entire value of the painting, or the plaintiff can ask the court to order the return of the stolen property (plus some minor amount of compensation for the suffering caused by its deprivation). However, the plaintiff cannot have both, and must therefore make an election of one or the other.
Under the old common law of England, a party had to make an election of remedies at the time that the complaint was filed. Most jurisdictions have since abandoned that requirement. Plaintiffs generally may now file initial pleadings that seek alternative means of relief, and need not make the election of remedies until a judgment is rendered as to the liability of the defendant.
# Irere Claudette

Irere Claudette is a Rwandan technology professional and politician, who was appointed the Minister of State in charge of ICT and Technical Vocational Education and Training by President of Rwanda Paul Kagame in February 2020. This position has been reinstated as the Government moves to streamline and strengthen TVET Education and ICT integration in teaching and learning.

## Background and education

Minister Claudette got her secondary school certificate from FAWE Girls' School, Rwanda. She furthered her education and earned a bachelor's degree in Computer Science and Systems in 2012 from the National University of Rwanda. Thereafter in 2013, she got a scholarship to study Masters Programme and obtained her master's of science and engineering degree in Computer Engineering from the Oklahoma Christian University in United States.

## Career before politics

Before joining the Ministry, Irere Claudette was among Rwandan females spearheading the Rwanda's IT development and She leads the KLab where digital specialists in the capital of Kigali collaborate on new innovations. Prior to that, She was the co-founder and managing director of the first Fabrication Laboratory called FabLab Rwanda. FabLab was an extension wing of the knowledge lab called KLab. FabLab Rwanda is the first digital fabrication lab of Kigali derived from the global FabLabs concept of MIT's Center for Bits and Atoms (CBA). Fab labs provide widespread access to modern means for invention and in Rwanda, the FabLab is the first of its kind providing 3D prototyping facilities and space for the community to acquire modern technology skills. Irere, who co-founded FabLab Rwanda and once served as its general-manager, previously served as project manager at PSF-ICT Chamber, general-manager at Klab, and manager of ICT projects at Transform Africa. Irere Claudette was a member of Girls in ICT Rwanda, an organization of professional women in Technology that strives to empower and encourage young Girls to join Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) career paths at earlier age.

## As a politician

October 19, 2018, Irere was appointed as the Permanent Secretary (PS) in the Ministry of ICT and Innovation as she joined the reshuffled cabinet of President Paul Kagame who reduced the members of cabinet from 31 to 26. The cabinet is 50 percent women; making Rwanda, and Ethiopia, the only two African countries with gender equality in their governments. She was one among the youngest members of cabinet who served as Permanent Secretary in the Ministry of ICT and Innovation until 2020 when she was elevated from the position of permanent Secretary in the Ministry of ICT and Innovation to the position of state minister in charge of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in the Ministry of Education. Irere Claudette also served as the Director General in charge of Innovation and Business Development at the Ministry of Information Technology and Communications (MiTEC), Government of Rwanda
# Samuel Knox

Samuel Knox (March 21, 1815 – March 7, 1905) was an American politician and abolitionist who represented Missouri in the United States House of Representatives during the American Civil War.
Born in Blandford, Massachusetts, Knox attended the common schools. He graduated from Williams College in 1836 and subsequently studied law at Harvard University. Upon receiving his degree in 1838, he moved to St. Louis, Missouri and was admitted to the bar. In the early 1850s, Knox helped to provide the land for the Alpine Presbyterian Church in Menlo, Georgia after participating in the approval for a committee to organize the church.
Knox was a candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives from Missouri's 1st congressional district in 1862 against incumbent Republican Francis P. Blair Jr.. The campaign revolved around competing proposals for the abolition of slavery in Missouri, with Blair endorsing a plan for gradual compensated emancipation backed by Governor Hamilton Rowan Gamble, leader of the state's conservative Unionists. This conformed to the moderate position occupied by President Abraham Lincoln in the summer of 1862, but disappointed radical Unionists, including many of Blair's German-American supporters, who favored immediate emancipation. This group nominated Knox to run on the People's Emancipation ticket. The election was chaotic and closely contested, with success hinging on the votes of active service Union soldiers. Blair led early in the count and was seated at the start of the 38th Congress, but his plurality was reversed by late returns favoring Knox; the latter successfully challenged the certified result and replaced Blair on June 10, 1864, serving until the expiration of his term on March 4, 1865.
Knox was not reelected to the 39th Congress and retired to his law practice. He returned to Blandford, where he died on March 7, 1905, and was interred in Peabody Cemetery, in Springfield, Massachusetts.
# R. O. Reynolds

Reuben Oscar Reynolds (October 9, 1832 – September 4, 1887) was a lawyer and state senator in Mississippi. He represented Monroe County and Chickasaw County in the Mississippi Senate for several terms during and after the Reconstruction era ended.

## Early life

He was born October 9, 1832, in Columbia County, Georgia, to Reuben Young and Jane A. Pinkard Smith Reynolds. He then moved with his parents to Monroe County, Mississippi, while still young. He went to college in Alabama, before going to the University of Georgia to graduate and then onto the University of Virginia School of Law to obtain his Bachelor of Laws.
He first married Mary (Mollie) Branch English on February 20, 1855, but she died just over two years later on March 5, 1857. He later married Sarah Banks Young in 1865 with whom he had six children: George, Reuben (Ruben) Oscar, Hamelton, Janie, Beverly and Sallie.

## Career

After returning to Aberdeen, Mississippi, he started to practice law with William G. Henderson, and was one of the first lawyers in the state. He wrote the Report of Cases Argued and Determined in the High Court of Errors and Appeals for the State of Mississippi.
He signed up early to serve with the Confederate States Army in the American Civil War enlisting as a Captain. He served in Joseph R. Davis’s Brigade as a commanding officer in the 11th Mississippi Infantry Regiment. He was wounded four times during his service and the final injury was on March 25, 1865, during his last battle in Petersburg, Virginia, causing his right arm to be amputated and he was captured whilst recovering. He was promoted to colonel after the injury at Gaines Mill.
In 1866 he served as the reporter for the Mississippi Supreme Court.
In 1875 Colonel Reynolds said "Whoever eats the white man's meat must vote with the white man or refrain from voting" to much applause. He testified as a witness for persons accused of being party to Ku Kkux Klan activity.
He served in the Mississippi Senate from 1876 continuously until his death in 1887. He was elected and served as president pro tempore of the Mississippi Senate first in the 1878 session and then again for each following session.
During his career he was also involved with: The Aberdeen Federal Court, The Canton, Aberdeen and Nashville Railroad, The Kansas City, Memphis and Birmingham Railroad, The Aberdeen and Muldon Railroad, The State Bar Association and the Aberdeen's Presbyterian Church.

## Death

He died September 4, 1887, at his home in Aberdeen, Mississippi, from dropsy of the heart after being bed bound for two months. He was survived by his second wife and all six children. In February 1888 a memorial was held in the Senate chamber and several senators made addresses honoring Reynolds.
# James C. Healey

James Christopher Healey (December 24, 1909 – December 16, 1981) was a lawyer and Democratic Party political figure in New York. He was most notable for his nine years as a Congressman from a district based in the Bronx during the mid-20th century.

## Early life

He was born in the Bronx. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1933 and St. John's University School of Law in 1936. Healey attended the University of Pennsylvania on a track and field scholarship, and was a member of relay teams that set records for the one-mile run. For several years, he was active as an official for the Amateur Athletic Union.
He was an attorney for the New York State Labor Relations Board from 1938 to 1940. He was an assistant United States attorney for the Southern District of New York from 1940 until 1943.

## Military service

Healey joined the United States Navy for World War II; he served from 1943 to 1946, including assignment to Europe, and attained the rank of lieutenant.

## Post-World War II

From 1946 to 1948, Healey was assistant corporation counsel for the city of New York. From 1948 to 1956, he was counsel to James J. Lyons, the Bronx borough president, and was recognized as a protégé of Bronx Democratic leader Charles A. Buckley.

## Congressional career

In 1956, Healey was elected to Congress in a special election held to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Sidney A. Fine. He was elected to a full term in 1956, was reelected three times, and served from February 7, 1956, until January 3, 1965. Healey suffered a stroke in 1963; he recovered in time to mount a campaign for reelection in 1964, but was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination.
Healey was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions of 1956, 1960, and 1968.

## Retirement and death

In retirement, Healey was a resident of Southampton, New York. He died there on December 16, 1981, and was buried at Sacred Hearts of Jesus & Mary Roman Catholic Cemetery in Southampton.

## Family

Healey was married twice; in 1938 he married Eleanor R. Callahan, the daughter of Bronx political figure Joseph M. Callahan. After her death in 1956, Healey married Mollie Allen, who survived him.
With his first wife, Healey was the father of four: James C., John J., Joseph, and Elizabeth Jane Healey Mulvihill.
Healey had two brothers, Thomas M., and Vincent P.; Vincent was a United States Navy officer who retired with the rank of rear admiral.
# Nathan Chapman (record producer)

Nathan Paul Chapman is an American record producer who works in the field of country music. He is best known for his work with American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift during the earlier portion of her career. His first production credit was on her debut album Taylor Swift (2006); he served similar roles for her following releases Fearless (2008), Speak Now (2010), Red (2012) and 1989 (2014).
Chapman is a 2001 graduate of Lee University. At the 52nd Grammy Awards in 2010, Chapman won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year for working as a co-producer on Swift's album Fearless and he won the same award at the 58th Grammy Awards in 2016 for co-producing Swift's album 1989. He also co-produced the song "This Love" on the album 1989, it was his first time co-producing a pop song.
Other acts for whom Chapman has produced include Kylie Minogue, Martina McBride, The Band Perry, Jypsi, Point of Grace, Keith Urban, Krystall Keith, Shania Twain, Lady A, Electra Mustaine, Madeline Merlo, Tenille Arts, and Jimmy Wayne. In addition to his production work, Chapman is a session musician who plays guitar, banjo, and mandolin.

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Association | Category | Result |
| 2008 | Academy of Country Music | Album of the Year – Taylor Swift, Taylor Swift | Nominated |
| 2009 | Academy of Country Music | Producer of the Year | Nominated |
| 2009 | Academy of Country Music | Album of the Year – Taylor Swift, Fearless | Won |
| 2009 | Country Music Association | Album of the Year – Taylor Swift, Fearless | Won |
| 2009 | American Music Awards | Favorite Country Album – Taylor Swift, Fearless | Won |
| 2010 | Grammy Awards | Album of the Year – Taylor Swift, Fearless | Won |
| 2010 | Grammy Awards | Record of the Year – Taylor Swift, "You Belong with Me" | Nominated |
| 2010 | Grammy Awards | Best Country Album – Taylor Swift, Fearless | Won |
| 2010 | Academy of Country Music | Producer of the Year | Nominated |
| 2011 | Academy of Country Music | Album of the Year – Taylor Swift, Speak Now | Nominated |
| 2011 | Academy of Country Music | Producer of the Year | Nominated |
| 2011 | Dove Awards | Best Country Album – Point of Grace, No Changin' Us | Won |
| 2011 | Dove Awards | Best Holiday Album – Point of Grace, Home for the Holidays | Won |
| 2014 | Grammy Awards | Album of the Year – Taylor Swift, Red | Nominated |
| 2016 | Grammy Awards | Album of the Year – Taylor Swift, 1989 | Won |
# Hans Friderichs

Hans Friderichs (born 16 October 1931) is a German politician who served as the minister of economy in the period 1972–1977. He is also a jurist and businessman.

## Early life and education

Friderichs was born in Wittlich in 1931. He received a bachelor's degree in law and political science and also, holds a PhD.

## Career

Friderichs was a member and leader of the Free Democrats. Until 1964 he was the deputy chairman of the party in North Rhine-Westphalia and then he became the chairman. He served as a member of the German Bundestag twice, from 1965 to 1969 and from 1972 to 1977. He was the minister of economy from 15 December 1972 to 7 October 1977. He first served in the cabinet led by Prime Minister Willy Brandt.
After leaving office, Friderichs worked in various capacities at different firms and institutions, including Adidas AG. In October 1977 he was named as the board member of the Dresdner Bank, replacing Jürgen Ponto who had been murdered. Until March 1985, he served as the head of the bank. He was the deputy chairman of the supervisory board of Adidas AG until 2007. On 7 November 2007, he was appointed chairman of the board and served in the post until 2009.

### Controversy

Friderichs, together with other German politicians, was convicted and heavily sentenced for tax evasion, known as Flick affair, in 1985.
# Deh-e Shaduiyeh

Deh-e Shaduiyeh (Persian: دهشادوييه) is a village in Jowzam Rural District of Dehaj District, Shahr-e Babak County, Kerman province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 397 in 112 households. The following census in 2011 counted 510 people in 164 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 460 people in 164 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
# Micrite

Micrite is a limestone constituent formed of calcareous particles ranging in diameter up to four μm formed by the recrystallization of lime mud.
The term was coined in 1959 by Robert Folk for his carbonate rock classification system. Micrite is derived from MICRocrystalline calcITE. In the Folk classification micrite is a carbonate rock dominated by fine-grained calcite. Carbonate rocks that contain fine-grained calcite in addition to allochems are named intramicrite, oomicrite, biomicrite or pelmicrite under the Folk classification depending on the dominant allochem.
Micrite is lime mud, carbonate of mud grade. Micrite as a component of carbonate rocks can occur as a matrix, as micrite envelopes around allochems or as peloids. The origin of micrites is still a problem in carbonate sedimentology due to the non-uniqueness of the processes generating it. Micrite can be generated through multiple processes. In lakes and some marine environments, lime mud that could become micrite can form chemically or biochemically through whiting events, whereas in warm stratified marine waters it might be forming chemically. Alternatively, microbial process known as micritization may lead to micrite formation. Other processes which might produce micrite include the disaggregation of peloids, bioerosion, the mechanical degradation of larger carbonate grains and dissolution-reprecipitation processes.
# Roberta Stark

Roberta Stark (born July 2, 1956) is an American former professional tennis player.
A native of Jacksonville, Stark competed on the professional tour in the 1970s.
Stark qualified for the main draw of the Wimbledon Championships for the only time in 1975, losing her first round match in three sets to Linda Mottram. In 1976 she had a US Open main draw win over Florența Mihai.