OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lew Wallace (politician)

Lew Wallace (March 27, 1889 – October 14, 1960) was an American Democratic politician from the state of Oregon. He served in both houses of the Oregon Legislative Assembly and was a five-time gubernatorial candidate.

## Career

Wallace was born in 1889 in Furnas County, Nebraska. He later moved to Portland, Oregon, where he worked as an insurance agent and was elected to the Oregon House in 1934, and to the Senate in 1938. In 1942, Wallace defeated former Oregon House speaker Howard LaTourette, as well as Grover Fretwell, to win the Democratic nomination for governor. He lost in the general election to Earl Snell, receiving 22% of the vote. Snell's 56-point margin of victory was the largest ever in an Oregon gubernatorial election.
Wallace was an alternate delegate to the 1944 Democratic National Convention and was also a member of the Democratic National Committee in 1944.
In 1946, Wallace ran for the U.S. House of Representatives. He lost to incumbent Republican Homer D. Angell. Wallace again ran for governor in 1948, winning the Democratic primary but losing the general election to Douglas McKay, with 45% of the vote.
Wallace made three more runs for governor. In 1950, he lost the Democratic primary to Austin F. Flegel. In 1956, he lost the primary to Robert D. Holmes by less than 3,500 votes; Holmes went on to win the general election. In 1958, Wallace lost the primary again to the now-incumbent Holmes by a more substantial margin. He also unsuccessfully ran for Mayor of Portland in 1952, finishing third place in the nonpartisan primary.
# Hyderabad–Badin Branch Line

Hyderabad–Badin Branch Line (Urdu: حیدرآباد - بدین فرعی ریلوے خط, Sindhi: حیدرآباد - بدین ريلوي لائن) is one of several branch lines in Pakistan, operated and maintained by Pakistan Railways. The line begins from Hyderabad Junction station and ends at Badin station. The total length of this railway line is 109 kilometers (68 mi). There are 9 railway stations from Hyderabad Junction to Badin.

## History

The Hyderabad–Badin Railway opened on 15 August 1904 as part of the North Western State Railway's expansion program. However owing to World War I, financial stringency stagnated developments of the railways. In order to meet the necessities of the military authorities, this rail line (along with the Lodhran–Kasur Railway) was dismantled in 1917 during World War I, as the rails were needed elsewhere. In 1922, the track was rebuilt to its present alignment.

## Stations

The stations on this line are as follows:
* Hyderabad Junction
* Zeal Pak
* Husri
* Kathar
* Norai Sharif
* Ganja Takkar
* Tando Muhammad
* Nizam Sama Halt
* Matli
* Hakimani Halt
* Palh
* Talhar
* Peeru Lishari
* Yousaf Shah Halt
* Badin
# Nordström & Thulin

Nordström & Thulin was a Swedish ship company. Company's headquarters were located in Stockholm at an address Skeppsbron 34.
The company was founded in 1850 by Carl David Nordström (1816–1881).
In 2000s the company was liquidated.
# Tamotsu Nakamura

Tamotsu Nakamura (also known as Tom Nakamura), FRGS, (born 1934) is a Japanese explorer, alpinist, photographer and author. Since 1990, he has explored the mountainous areas between the Himalayas and the Sichuan basin; which he documents in photographs. He is a leading authority on the Alps of Tibet, the south-eastern sector of the Tibetan high plateau.

## Early life

Nakamura was born in Tokyo. After studying business administration at Hitotsubashi University, he worked for Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd, ultimately as Managing Director of IHI Hong Kong Ltd.

## Personal life

Nakamura is married and has two children. After stays in Pakistan (1967–1971), Mexico (1975–1982), New-Zealand (1984–1989) and Hong Kong (1989–1994), he returned to Tokyo.

### Alpinist

His mountaineering career started in 1953 as a member of the Hitotsubashi University Mountaineering Club, which climbed in Japanese mountain areas. He made the second ascent of Pucajirca Norte (6046 m, Cordillera Blanca/Peru) in 1961, followed by three first ascents and various second ascents in Cordillera Apolobamba and Pupuya in Bolivia.

### "Alps of Tibet"

Since 1990 Nakamura has conducted more than 40 journeys exploring mountain areas of the south-eastern part of the Tibetan high plateau (status as of 2020) that he termed the Alps of Tibet. The "Alps" cover the Nyainqêntanglha Mountains, Kangri Garpo range and the Hengduan Mountains including the Deep Gorge Country structured by three parallel rivers, the Salween, Mekong and Yangtze. Nakamura identified and photographed hundreds of peaks for the first time, capturing photos of more than 200 unclimbed, over-6000m peaks still unclimbed. Nakamura is regarded worldwide as an authority on the area. He has published numerous articles in mountaineering journals such as Alpine Journal, American Alpine Journal, Himalayan Journal, Climbing, Altitudes, Vertical and Japanese Alpine News.
He has been recognized by the Royal Geographical Society with the Busk Medal in 2008 and the International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation – UIAA for his field exploration in Eastern Tibet. The Alpinist named him Steward of Unclimbed Peaks.
Nakamura is editor of Japanese Alpine News. He is author of several books about the Alps of Tibet that have been published in Japanese, English and German.

## Recognition

* 2003 Prince Chichibu Memorial Mountaineering Award 2003 of Japanese Alpine Club for field exploration in Eastern Tibet
* 2007 UIAA Award for contributions to international mountaineering
* 2008 Busk Medal, Royal Geographical Society, London, for field exploration in the mountain ranges of west China and Tibet
* 2010 International Explorers Award in Poland
* 2016 Piolets d’Or Asia Lifetime Achievement Award
* Honorary Memberships in Himalayan Club (India), American Alpine Club (USA), Alpine Club (UK), Japanese Alpine Club (Japan), Polish Mountaineering Association], New Zealand Alpine Club, Sikkim Mountaineering Association, UIAA honorary member
* Nakamura is Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society
# Jeziernik, Nowy Dwór Gdański County

Jeziernik is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ostaszewo, within Nowy Dwór Gdański County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) south-east of Ostaszewo, 9 km (6 mi) west of Nowy Dwór Gdański, and 29 km (18 mi) south-east of the regional capital Gdańsk.
Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, 1772-1919 Prussia and Germany, 1920-1939 Free City of Danzig, 1939 - February 1945 Nazi Germany. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Walter W. Preston

Walter W. Preston (January 14, 1863 – July 12, 1951) was an American politician and judge from Maryland. He served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Harford County from 1888 to 1891.

## Early life

Walter W. Preston was born on January 14, 1863, on a farm on Deer Creek in Harford County, Maryland, to Mary A. (née Wilks) and James B. Preston. His father was a member of the Maryland House of Delegates. He attended St. John's College in 1877, but transferred to Princeton University. He graduated from Princeton in 1881 with a Bachelor of Arts. He later received a Master of Arts. He graduated with a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Maryland School of Law in 1883. He was admitted to the bar in 1883. He was the brother of Baltimore mayor James H. Preston. His grand uncle was congressman Jacob A. Preston and his cousin was Army inspector general John F. Preston.

## Career

After graduating, Preston started a law practice in Bel Air.
Preston was a Democrat. He served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Harford County from 1888 to 1891. In the 1890 session, he served as chair of the judiciary committee.
In 1891, Preston was elected as state's attorney in Harford County and served until 1895, serving two other terms. In 1920, Preston was appointed by Governor Albert Ritchie to succeed Judge McClean as judge of the Third Judicial Court. He served there for six years. He later became judge of the Circuit Court of Harford County after the retirement of Judge William M. Harlan.
Preston wrote The History of Harford County. In 1900, Preston organized the Savings Bank of Harford County (later the Commercial and Savings Bank of Bel Air). He retired in January 1949 as chairman of the board.

## Personal life

Preston married Elizabeth "Lillie" (née Pue) Hall, daughter of Michael Edward Pue, on November 2, 1892. She was previously married to Thomas Hall. She was president-general of the Maryland branch of the United Daughters of the Confederacy. They had no children. She died in 1937. Preston was a vestryman at St. Mary's Episcopal Church.
Preston died on July 12, 1951, at his home in Emmorton. He was buried at St. Mary's Episcopal Church in Emmorton.
# Rade Hamović

Rade Hamović (Serbian Cyrillic: Раде Хамовић; 13 February 1916 – 19 May 2009) was a Bosnian Serb general of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA), who served as the Chief of the General Staff of the JNA from 16 June 1961 to 15 June 1967.
Previously, he held the rank of potporuchnik (junior officer) of the Royal Yugoslav Army, after graduating from the Military Academy in Belgrade in 1936, as one of the top 10 cadets in his class. During World War II in Yugoslavia, he was a member of the Supreme Headquarters of the Yugoslav Partisans.
# Goonoobah

Goonoobah is a heritage-listed residence at 42 King Street, East Maitland, City of Maitland, New South Wales, Australia. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

## History

Goonoobah was built between June 1841 and May 1842 for George Furber, the owner of the George and Dragon Hotel. A central hallway and main entrance for both Goonoobah and the conjoined and also-heritage listed Woodlands was built in 1896, before both buildings were converted into a complex of three flats in 1930.

## Description

Goonoobah is one of two conjoined sandstone cottages in the Victorian Georgian style built on different alignments, with Woodlands set back further from the street. It has a large hipped iron roof and a bullnose verandah with cast-iron fence and columns; and French windows with shutters. There are three large stuccoed chimneys, two with pots.

## Heritage listing

Goonoobah was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.
# FC Kreuzlingen

FC Kreuzlingen is a Swiss football club from the town of Kreuzlingen in Canton Thurgau, the German-speaking region of Switzerland. The team currently plays in 2. Liga Interregional.

## History

* In 1934 the club gained promotion to the Swiss Super League but refused to make the step up on financial grounds.
* In 2003/04 the club narrowly missed out on promotion to the Challenge League.

## Stadium

The club play their home games at Sportplatz Hafenareal. The capacity is 1,200. The stadium has 200 seats and 1,000 standing places. The stadium is part of a complex on the banks of Lake Constance in the port area of the Freuzlingen. In 2007 a new club house was erected.

## Supporters

In 1997 a small ground of fans got together to form a supports group called the Whiskeykurve; they stand at an end of the ground in a stand of the same name.
# Auburn Lull

Auburn Lull is an American five-piece dream pop band from Lansing, Michigan, United States, which formed in 1994.

## Biography

The band was founded in 1994 by guitarist/vocalist Sean Heenan, guitarists Jason Kolb and Eli Wekenman, and drummer Jason Wiesinger. The quintet came together out of its members' shared affection for bands like Seefeel, Flying Saucer Attack, earlier works from Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark, along with many of the acts on the 4AD and Creation Records imprints. They later added bassist/guitarist Ron Gibbs.
In 1997, the Dearborn, Michigan label Burnt Hair Records released the Dual Group EP — a split recording with Auburn Lull and Mahogany. Auburn Lull's full-length debut, Alone I Admire, initially released on Burnt Hair in 1999, was later reissued by Darla Records in 2002. Belgian label Zeal Records released a limited-edition 2001 7" single, "Behind All Curses of Thought Lies the Ability to Focus on Vacant Spaces". Auburn Lull's second album, Cast from the Platform, was released in 2004. A rarities compilation, Regions Less Parallel, was issued in 2005, followed by their third album, Begin Civil Twilight, in 2008. The band released their fourth album, Hypha, on September 15, 2017, on the Azure Vista label.

## Discography
### Studio albums

* Alone I Admire (1999, Burnt Hair; 2002, Darla)
* Cast from the Platform (2004, Darla)
* Begin Civil Twilight (2008, Darla)
* Hypha (2017, Azure Vista)

### EPs

* Dual Group split with Mahogany (1997, Burnt Hair)
* Hiber (2014, Geographic North)

### Compilation albums

* Regions Less Parallel: Early Works and Rarities 1996–2004 (2005, Darla)
# Copenhagen Philharmonic

The Copenhagen Philharmonic Orchestra (Danish: Sjællands Symfoniorkester), also known as the Tivoli Symphony Orchestra, is a Danish symphony orchestra which both serves as a regional orchestra for the region of Zealand and as resident orchestra in the Tivoli Concert Hall, for the summer season while the Tivoli Gardens are open.

## History

The history of the orchestra dates back to 1843 when Georg Carstensen, in connection with the opening of the Tivoli Gardens, engaged Hans Christian Lumbye to be responsible for music in the gardens. Ever since, the orchestra has performed in the gardens during the summer season. In 1846, the orchestra was expanded to 33 members and started to perform symphony concerts under the name Tivolis Orkester. In 1848, the composer Niels Gade started to arrange concerts in Copenhagen with the musicians from the Tivoli Orchestra as a basis for the winter concerts.
Until 2009, the Orchestra was based in the Tivoli Concert Hall. Since then, the Copenhagen Philharmonic has been based at the former Danmarks Radio concert hall, which is now the concert hall of the Royal Danish Academy of Music. During the summer season, while the Tivoli Gardens are open, the orchestra continues to perform in the Tivoli Concert Hall under the name the Tivoli Symphony Orchestra.
The orchestra's most recent chief conductor was Toshiyuki Kamioka, from 2016 through 2024. In May 2023, the orchestra announced the appointment of Christoph Gedschold as its next chief conductor, effective with the 2024-2025 season. In April 2024, the orchestra announced the appointment of Thomas Dausgaard as its new æres-gæstedirigent (honorary guest conductor), effective with the 2024-2025 season, with an initial contract of four seasons.

## Chief conductors (partial list)

* Heinrich Schiff (1996–2000)
* Giordano Bellincampi (2000–2005)
* Lan Shui (2007–2015)
* Toshiyuki Kamioka (2016–2024)
* Christoph Gedschold (designate, effective 2024)
# Abby Langdon Alger

Abby Langdon Alger (August 3, 1850 – May 22, 1905) was an American writer and translator, mainly of religious, literary, or folklore texts.

## Early life

Alger was born in Roxbury, Massachusetts, the daughter of Unitarian clergyman William Rounseville Alger and Anna Langdon Lodge Alger. Writer Horatio Alger was her father's cousin, and statesman Henry Cabot Lodge was one of her maternal cousins. Her brother Philip Rounseville Alger was a Naval officer; another brother, William E. Alger, was a diplomat who worked at American embassies in Latin America. Her niece and namesake, Abby Langdon Alger Wilder (1889–1978), was a prominent state official in New Hampshire.

## Career

Alger translated religious, literary, and folklore texts from Italian, French, and German, including works by historian Henri Martin, dramatist Ernest Legouvé, Benôit-Constant Conquelin, Judith Gautier, novelist Victor Hugo, Auguste Joseph Alphonse Gratry, philosopher Ernest Renan, Saint Francis of Assisi, scientist Louis Figuier, and dramatist X. B. Saintine. "She was a remarkable linguist and had French, German, Italian, and other tongues at her instant command," noted a 1905 obituary in the Boston Evening Transcript. "Possessing this valuable attainment, she was frequently in demand among publishing houses, for which she did much translating."
Alger also produced a benefit performance of a miracle play, based on Italian traditions, performed with Italian musicians and puppeteers, at Boston's Minot Hall in 1894. "It was my wish," she later explained, "to show the earliest form of dramatic representation. We, of the present, may call it rough and grotesque; but when one remembers that it was a faithful reproduction of what was given hundreds of years ago, and that it was then received with every mark of reverence, I am sure there will be no adverse criticism." She interviewed Passamaquoddy and Penobscot elders to compile In Indian Tents (1897), a collection of folktales.

## Publications
### Original works

* "A collection of words and phrases taken from the Passamaquoddy tongue" (1885, paper presented to the American Philosophical Society)
* In Indian Tents: Stories Told by Penobscot, Passamaquoddy and Mimac Indians (1897)

### Translations

* Martin, A popular history of France, from the first Revolution to the present time (1877)
* Legouvé, Reading as a fine art (1879)
* Coquelin, The actor and his art (1881)
* Gautier, The usurper: an episode in Japanese history (1884)
* Reissman, The life and works of Robert Schumann (1886)
* Hugo, The Hunchback of Notre-Dame (1888) and Hans of Iceland (1891)
* Gratry, Guide to the knowledge of God, a study of the chief theodicies (1892)
* Figuier, Joys beyond the threshold: A sequel to The to-morrow of death (1893)
* Bentzon, The Condition of Woman in the United States: A Traveler's Notes (1895)
* Renan, My Sister Henriette (1895)
* La Motte Fouqué, Undine, a Tale (1897)
* The little flowers of Saint Francis of Assisi (1898)
* Saintine, Picciola (1899)

## Personal life

Alger died after an operation in a Brookline hospital in 1905, at the age of 54, a few months after her father's death.
# Mata Tripta

Mata Tripta (1446–1522; Punjabi: ਮਾਤਾ ਤ੍ਰਿਪਤਾ; mātā tripatā) was the mother of Guru Nanak Dev, the founder of Sikhism.

## Biography
### Early life

Mata Tripta was born in 1446 to a father named Bhai Raam, a Jhangar Khatri from the village of Chaliawala (or Chahal), near Lahore, and her mother was Mata Bhirai. She was born in a Hindu family. She had a brother named Krishan. She is said to have possessed a kind-hearted and soft-spoken disposition. She is further described as being a "simple, humble, kind and humane lady".

### Marriage

In 1460, she was wedded to Mehta Kalu.
She gave birth to her first child, a daughter named Nanaki in 1464. Due to the birth of a girl child as the first-born and the resultant disappointment of her husband, Mata Tripta started becoming more fervently religious in-order to please the deities in hopes for a son. Mata Tripta gave birth to Guru Nanak Dev on 23 November 1469, in the village of Rai Bhoi Di Talwandi, some thirty five miles west of Lahore in the Sheikhupura district of Punjab, Delhi Sultanate (modern day Punjab, Pakistan). The name of the town was changed to Nankana Sahib in honour of the Guru.

### Death

Mata Tripta died in Kartarpur at the age of 76 shortly after the death of her husband Kalu.
# Três Arroios

Três Arroios is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. As of 2020, the estimated population was 2,643.
# Kimsa Kunturiri

Kimsa Kunturiri (Aymara and Quechua kimsa three, kunturi condor, -ri a suffix, hispanicized spelling Quimsa Condoriri) is a group of three mountains in the Andes of Bolivia in the Potosí Department at the border of Tomás Frías Province and Cornelio Saavedra Province. The peaks are about 5,020 m, 4,980 m and 4,960 m high. The Kimsa Kunturiri group is situated in the Khari Khari mountain range east of Potosí. It lies north of the Kimsa Waylla group, between the lakes Jatun Wak'ani (Jatun Huacani) and Juch'uy Wak'ani (Juchuy Huacani) in the west and the Jatun Tiyu Lakes in the east.
# Kuntur Qaqa (Bolivia)

Kuntur Qaqa (Quechua kuntur condor, qaqa rock, "condor rock", also spelled Condor Khakha) is a 4,006-metre-high (13,143 ft) mountain in the Bolivian Andes. It is situated in the Potosí Department, Tomás Frías Province, in the north of the Potosí Municipality.
# Schleicher ASH 25

The ASH 25 is a two-seater high performance Open Class glider manufactured by Alexander Schleicher from 1986 until September 2008, originally with a 25-metre wingspan. It was superseded in production by the ASH 30.

## Design and development

In 1984, designer Martin Heide (the 'H' in the type designation) combined the wing of the World Championship winning single-seater Schleicher ASW 22 with a fuselage derived from the Akaflieg Stuttgart fs31 which had particularly low drag. The prototype was designated AS 22-2.$^{:2}$ The span was increased in later versions to 25.6 or 26 metres with winglets.
A 'turbo' version was also developed, the ASH 25E, followed by the self-launching ASH 25 Mi with a large retractable propeller and a Wankel engine.

## Variants
### ASH 25

    A 25m Open class glider, 25.6m or 26m wingspan when fitted with option winglets.

### ASH 25E

    Self-sustaining version with a 24 hp Rotax 275 engine

### ASH 25M

    Self-launching version with a 50 hp AE50R engine. Both the ASH 25 and ASH 25E can be converted to the ASH 25M by the manufacturer.

### ASH 25 Mi

    Self-launching version with a 56 hp IAE50R-AA engine. The ASH 25, ASH 25E and ASH 25M can be converted to the ASH 25Mi by the manufacturer.

### ASH 25J

    Self-launching version with a jet engine

### ASH 25EB

    Self-launching version with a Rotax 535C engine, 27m wingspan and one-piece canopy

### ASH 25EB/28

    Self-launcher with one-piece canopy and 28m wingspan

## Specifications (with 25.6 metre wings)

Data from Specifications for ASH 25 / ASH 25 Mi$^{:4}$
General characteristics
* Crew: 2
* Length: 8.97 m (29 ft 5 in)
* Wingspan: 25.6 m (84 ft 0 in)
* Height: 1.7 m (5 ft 7 in)
* Wing area: 16.5 m$^2$ (178 sq ft)
* Aspect ratio: 39.8
* Airfoil: root:HQ 17; tip:DU 84-132/V3
* Empty weight: 478 kg (1,054 lb)
* Max takeoff weight: 750 kg (1,653 lb)
* Water ballast: 120 L (32 US gal; 26 imp gal)
Performance
* Never exceed speed: 280 km/h (170 mph, 150 kn)
* Maximum glide ratio: ca. 60:1
* Rate of sink: 0.42 m/s (83 ft/min)
# Chic (1980s magazine)

Chic was a British monthly women's magazine aimed at young Black women. Launched in 1984, the magazine was one of the first for black women in Britain.

## History

Chic was an initiative of Val McCalla, who had earlier founded The Voice, and the magazine originally appeared as a supplement to The Voice. For the first few months it had no fixed editor, until Winsome Cornish, who had been working in public relations for The Voice, was appointed editor. From an initial circulation of 15,000, sales had risen to 32,000 by mid-1986, with half that number again sold abroad. The magazine cost 90p and consisted of around 70 pages. There was a relatively high ratio of editorial to advertising, and the magazine encountered difficulty attracting advertising from white agencies.
Its editorial intention was to cover "the whole spectrum of hair care and beauty, as well as fashion, fitness and all the other facets which contribute to the total look of a sophisticated contemporary black person." The magazine included the elements of mainstream women's magazines – lifestyle, careers, beauty and relationships – but from a Black perspective. There was also emphasis on the double discrimination of being both Black and female, and some attention paid to race and politics.
The magazine, owned by Ratepress Ltd, was discontinued in 1988.
# Erval Seco

Erval Seco is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It was raised to municipality status in 1963, the area being taken out of the municipalities of Seberi, Palmeira das Missões, and Tenente Portela. As of 2020, the estimated population was 6,802.
# Gramado dos Loureiros

Gramado dos Loureiros is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. As of 2020, the estimated population was 2,058.