OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Frederick A. Sawyer

Frederick Adolphus Sawyer (December 12, 1822 – July 31, 1891) was a United States senator from South Carolina. Born in Bolton, Massachusetts, he attended the public schools, graduated from Harvard University in 1844, taught school in New England from 1844 to 1859, and took charge of the state's normal school at Charleston, South Carolina in 1859. He returned to the North during the Civil War, and returned to Charleston in February 1865 where he was active in advancing Reconstruction measures. On the night of April 14, 1865, Sawyer was at Ford's Theater in Washington, D.C., and witnessed the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln. He was appointed collector of internal revenue in the second South Carolina district in 1865, and upon the readmission of the State of South Carolina to representation, Sawyer was elected as a Republican to the U.S. Senate, serving from July 16, 1868, to March 4, 1873. While in the Senate, he was chairman of the Committee on Education (Forty-first Congress) and a member of the Committee on Education and Labor (Forty-second Congress).
Sawyer was Assistant Secretary of the Treasury under William Adams Richardson from 1873 to 1874 and was employed in the United States Coast Survey from 1874 to 1880. From 1880 to 1887, he was special agent of the War Department. He conducted a preparatory school in Ithaca, New York, and gave private instruction to students in Cornell University. In 1889 he moved to Tennessee and became president of a land development company at Cumberland Gap, which laid out the new city of Shawanee (now part of Harrogate, Tennessee).
Frederick Sawyer and his wife, Delia, had two daughters who both married into prominent political families. Their elder daughter, Myra, married Charles Eugene Hamlin, grandson of Vice President Hannibal Hamlin. Myra Sawyer Hamlin wrote a series of books for girls, and her husband was editor of a weekly magazine for school teachers and a music critic for the New-York Tribune.
Sawyer's younger daughter, Clara, married Isaiah Kidder Stetson, grand-nephew of Hannibal Hamlin and nephew of U.S. Congressman Charles Stetson. Isaiah K. Stetson owned a lumber and shipbuilding company in Bangor, Maine, and served as Speaker of the Maine House of Representatives in 1899–1900.
Sawyer died suddenly at Shawanee, Tennessee, in 1891; interment was in "Sawyer Heights", on the property of his land company, near East Cumberland Gap.
# The American Journal of Psychiatry

The American Journal of Psychiatry is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering all aspects of psychiatry, and is the official journal of the American Psychiatric Association. The first volume was issued in 1844, at which time it was known as the American Journal of Insanity. The title changed to the current form with the July issue of 1921.
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 18.112.

## Ethical concerns

Several complaints, including legal cases, have charged The American Journal of Psychiatry with being complicit in pharmaceutical industry corruption of clinical trial results. In a Department of Justice case against Forest Pharmaceuticals, Forest pleaded guilty to the charges of misbranding the drug Celexa (citalopram). The Complaint in Intervention clearly identifies a 2004 ghostwritten article published in The American Journal of Psychiatry in the names of Wagner et al. as a part of this illegal marketing of Celexa for pediatric depression.
# Punnaikayal

Punnaikkayal (called Punicale by the Portuguese), is a harbour city in Tamil Nadu, India.
Punnaikkayal seems to have been the main Portuguese possession on the southern Coast of India for a period of 50 years after their arrival from 1551, when they established 2 hospitals, a seminary, and the next year a mud fort.
The first Tamil Printing press was set up at Punnaikkayal in 1579. The Tamil Types had been made by Fr. Joam de Faria. Fr. Henrique Henriques himself composed the following books in Tamil: Thambiran Vanakkam, Kiriiciththiyaani valvakkam, Confessionario (in Tamil: Kompeciyoonaayaru), and the Flos Sanctorum in Tamil, whose title has not come down to us, though we have the whole book.
Punnaikkayal was the site of an Ottoman attack against the Portuguese possessions of the coast of India in 1553. The Ottomans raided the Pearl Fishery Coast of South India around Tuticorin, where the Portuguese were attempted to establish trade. They were assisted by the Marakkar Muslims of Malabar, and had the tacit agreement of Vittula Nayak of Madurai. 52 Portuguese were captured at Punnaikayal, and churches burnt down.
Henrique Henriques died at Punnaikkayal in 1600.
Historical World Record of Being The First Dedicated Tamil Printing Press in the world, build in Punnaikkayal by Rev. Fr. Henrique Henriques (1520-1600) of the Jesuit Missionaries (aka. Society of Jesus) in the 16th Century and to print the book titled "Flos Sanctorum" (Adiyar Varalaaru) in Tamil language in 1586, as Universel Achievers book of Records ISO Official world record certification organization Confirmed on 18th November, 2021.

## Notable people

* Bishop Francis Tiburtius Roche
# Old School (2002 film)

Old School is a 2002 Nigerian comedy film directed by Gabriel Moses and released by Amaco Investments. It features Patience Ozokwor, Sam Loco Efe and Chiwetalu Agu.

## Cast

* Sam Loco Efe
* Chiwetalu Agu
* Ify Afuba
* Pete Eneh
* Patrick Okoye
* Emeka Enyiocha
* Chidi Ihesie
* Patience Ozokwor
* Bob-Manuel Udokwu

## Synopsis

The film is about the funny life of a woman popularly known as Mama G (Patience Ozokwor).
# Sindh Muslim Government Arts & Commerce College

Sindh Muslim Government Arts & Commerce College simply S.M. Government Arts & Commerce College (Urdu: سندھ مسلم آرٹس اینڈ کامرس کالج ; Sindhi: سنڌ مسلم آرٽس اينڊ ڪامرس ڪالج) is a government college located in Karachi, Pakistan. It was founded by the founder of Pakistan Muhammad Ali Jinnah in 1943.
The college holds morning and evening classes of intermediate level at its campuses. The college building is located near Dayaram Jethmal Science College.

## Notable alumni

* Waheed Murad (film producer and actor)
* Asad Muhammad Khan, Writer and poet
* Agha Saeed, footballer
# Athletics at the 1995 Summer Universiade – Men's 10,000 metres

The men's 10,000 metres event at the 1995 Summer Universiade was held on 2 September at the Hakatanomori Athletic Stadium in Fukuoka, Japan.

## Results

| Rank | Athlete | Nationality | Time |
| | Yasuyuki Watanabe | Japan | 28:47.78 |
| | Stephen Mayaka | Kenya | 28:55.02 |
| | Gabino Apolonio | Mexico | 29:07.95 |
| 4 | Masayuki Kobayashi | Japan | 29:34.62 |
| 5 | José Dias | Portugal | 30:10.45 |
| 6 | Phil Costley | New Zealand | 30:57.74 |
| 7 | James Westphal | United States | 31:02.71 |
| 8 | Solomon Wachira | Kenya | 31:08.72 |
| 9 | Blair Martin | New Zealand | 31:19.30 |
| 10 | Jeffrey Lockyer | Canada | 32:06.24 |
| 11 | Fuad Obad | Yemen | 32:56.47 |
| 12 | Elsidig Ibraim | Sudan | 35:12.82 |
| | Sergey Fedotov | Russia | DNF |
| | Khaled Al-Hada | Yemen | DNS |
| | Adamou Aboubakar | Cameroon | DNS |
| | Dashpurev Munkhbayar | Mongolia | DNS |
| | Jan Pešava | Czech Republic | DNS |
| | Sdjad-Hazave Hamid | Iran | DNS |
| | Fatih Çintimar | Turkey | DNS |
# List of ambassadors of Germany to Ireland

List of German ambassadors in Ireland contains the highest-ranking representatives of the German Empire and the Federal Republic of Germany.

## German Empire

| Name | Term Start | Term End | Notes |
| Georg Dehn-Schmidt | 1923 | 1934 | |
| Wilhelm von Kuhlmann | 1934 | 1937 | Envoy 1st Class |
| Eduard Hempel | 1937 | 1945 | Ambassador, NSDAP member since 1938 |

## Federal Republic of Germany

| Name | Term Start | Term End |
| Hermann Katzenberger | 1951 | 1955 |
| Felician Prill | 1955 | 1960 |
| Adolph Reifferscheidt | 1960 | 1963 |
| Heinz Trützschler von Falkenstein | 1963 | 1967 |
| Felician Prill | 1967 | 1969 |
| Karl Overbeck | 1969 | 1972 |
| Horst Groepper | 1972 | 1973 |
| Gerhard Fischer | 1977 | 1980 |
| Carl Lahusen | 1980 | 1983 |
| Ekkehard Eickhoff | 1983 | 1984 |
| Horst Grabert | 1984 | 1987 |
| Helmut Rückriegel | 1988 | 1992 |
| Martin Elsässer | 1992 | 1996 |
| Horst Pakowski | 1996 | 1999 |
| Gottfried Haas | 2000 | 2005 |
| Christian Pauls | 2005 | 2009 |
| Busso von Alvensleben | 2009 | 2011 |
| Eckhard Lübkemeier | 2011 | 2014 |
| Matthias Martin Höpfner | 2014 | 2017 |
| Deike Potzel | 2017 | 2021 |
| Cord Meier-Klodt | 2021 | 2024 |
| David Gill | 2024 | Present |
# Frangula caroliniana

Frangula caroliniana, commonly called the Carolina buckthorn, is a deciduous upright shrub or small tree native to the southeastern, south-central, and mid-western parts of the United States, from Texas east to Florida and north as far as Maryland, Ohio, Missouri, and Oklahoma. There is also an isolated population in the State of Nuevo León in northeastern Mexico. It is found in a wide variety of habitats, including barrens, forests, and limestone bluffs.

## Description

Frangula caroliniana is usually around 12 to 15 feet (3.7 to 4.6 meters) high, but capable of reaching 40 feet (12 meters) in a shaded location. The most striking characteristic of this plant are its shiny, dark green leaves. The flowers are very small and inconspicuous, pale yellow-green, bell-shaped, appearing in leaf axils in late spring after the leaves. The fruit is a small (1/3 inch or 8.3 mm) round drupe; at first red, but later turning black with juicy flesh. It ripens in late summer.
Despite its common name, the Carolina buckthorn is completely thornless.
* Frangula caroliniana in bloom

## Ecology and uses

Wildlife such as songbirds eat the fruits, which are reported to have medicinal uses.
# Natural (Peter Andre song)

"Natural" is the seventh and final single from English singer Peter Andre's second studio album, Natural (1996). The song was released on 24 February 1997 through Mushroom Records and was heavily remixed for its single release. "Natural" peaked at number six on the UK Singles Chart and briefly charted in Germany and the Flanders region of Belgium.

## Critical reception

A reviewer from Music Week gave the song three out of five, adding, "More reggae-lite from the impeccably pecced Aussie. His huge fanbase should guarantee another Top 10." Gavin Reeve from Smash Hits gave "Natural" four out of five, writing, "It's the title track off the album and a top swingy-beaty choon it is too, with Pete in fine voice and lots of those little 'wicky-wicky' noises that you get nowadays in the background. Watch it gently tickle the top end of the charts. Oo-er!"

## Track listings

* UK CD1
* "Natural" (radio edit) – 3:41
* "Natural" (Soulcity mix) – 3:43
* "You Are" (unplugged) – 3:45
* "Natural" (James Khari mix) – 3:56
* UK CD2
* "Natural" (radio edit) – 3:41
* "Natural" (C+J Street mix) – 4:19
* "Natural" (unplugged) – 3:51
* "I Feel You" (acoustic) – 5:38
* UK cassette single and European CD single
* "Natural" (radio edit) – 3:41
* "I Feel You" (unplugged) – 5:28

## Charts

| Chart (1997) | Peak position |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Flanders) | 8 |
| Europe (Eurochart Hot 100) | 93 |
| Germany (GfK) | 90 |
| Scotland (OCC) | 6 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 6 |
# John Mershon

John Valentine Mershon (July 7, 1867 – 1953) was an American orthodontist who graduated from Angle School of Orthodontia in 1908. He is the past president of American Association of Orthodontists. Mershon helped organize First International Orthodontic Congress in 1926 and served as its honorary president.

## Life

Mershon was born in Penn Manor District in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, in 1867, the youngest sibling of nine. He obtained his dental degree from Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery in 1889. He served as a faculty member at the school for many years, and also practiced as a private dentist in the area. In 1896, he married Harriet Lane Worrall. He then attended Angle School of Orthodontia in 1908 and then became one of the first orthodontists in eastern Pennsylvania. He also served as head of orthodontics at the University of Pennsylvania from 1916 to 1925. He served as president of American Association of Orthodontists, the Northeastern Society of Orthodontists, the Philadelphia Orthodontic Society, where he was their first president, and the Philadelphia Academy of Stomatology.
Mershon was credited in organizing short refresher and extension courses for the members of the dental societies. He also developed the removable lingual arch appliance. In honor of Mershon, in 1960 American Association of Orthodontists established an annual series of lectures.

## Awards

* Jarvie Medal and Fellowship by the Dental Society of the State of New York in 1930
* Doctor of Science (honorary) by the University of Pennsylvania in 1933
* Albert Ketcham Award in 1937.
# Susan Lalic

Susan Kathryn Lalic (née Walker; born 28 October 1965) is an English chess player, holding both International Master (IM) and Woman Grandmaster (WGM) titles. She is five-time British Women's Chess Champion: 1986, 1990–1992, and 1998.

## Career

Lalic has played for England nine times in Chess Olympiads, from 1984 to 2000, inclusive. From 1986 to 1998, she played on the top board.
She was the Fifth Women's Commonwealth Champion in 1987, the contest having been incorporated into the Lloyd's Bank Congress of that year.
Lalic was educated at Nonsuch High School for Girls from 1977 to 1984, and was married to Keith Arkell and then to Bogdan Lalić. Currently she is married to International Master Graeme Buckley.
# Mineraloelraffinerie Oberrhein

The MiRO Mineraloelraffinerie Oberrhein GmbH & Co. KG (MiRO) is the largest oil refinery of Germany located at the Upper Rhine in Karlsruhe.

## History

In 1962, the Esso-Raffinerie by Esso came into operation, followed by the DEA-Scholven GmbH oil refinery company in 1993. DEA-Scholven GmbH was later renamed Oberrheinische Mineralölwerke GmbH in 1969. Both refineries were located directly side by side in the Karlsruhe district Knielingen, only separated by the Alb river, which caused heavy competition. To be able to compete with refineries in other regions, these two refineries merged on October 1, 1996, into a single refinery company which was named MiRO Mineraloelraffinerie Oberrhein.
In response to the escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, the then German government Scholz cabinet placed the company Rosneft, which owns 25 percent of the MiRO, under trust of the Federal Network Agency on September 16, 2022.

## Production

Almost 99 percent of the petroleum the refinery processes in its production comes from the Transalpine Pipeline, which ends in Karlsruhe. The remaining one percent are delivered by trucks from smaller oil extraction sites located in the Palatinate region. The South European Pipeline, which ends in Karlsruhe too, is also connected to the MiRO refinery, but not in use anymore. That dependence from a single pipeline caused multiple outages in the past, like in December 2020, when cold weather conditions caused a failure of the pumps.
According to the companies own statements, around 15 million tons of petroleum are processed, resulting in production of one-third of the German gasoline consumption and one-eight of the German diesel consumption.
# Turbo

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#REDIRECT Turbo_(disambiguation)
# David Asay

David Harris Asay (born August 15, 1925) is an American politician and veterinarian from Worland, Wyoming, who served in the Wyoming House of Representatives, representing Washakie County from 1979 to 1983 as a Republican in the 45th and 46th Wyoming Legislatures.

## Early life and education

Asay was born in Lovell, Wyoming, on August 15, 1925. He attended Meeteetse High School. Asay subsequently attended Colorado State University, graduating in 1955 with a degree.

## Career

Asay served in the Wyoming House of Representatives from 1979 to 1983, representing Washakie County as a Republican in the 45th and 46th Wyoming Legislatures.
During his time in office, Asay served on the Livestock Board, in addition to the following standing committees.
* Agriculture, Public Lands and Water Resources (1979–1980)
* Education (1981–1982)
* Labor, Health and Social Services (1981–1982)
Outside of politics, Asay was also a veterinarian.

## Personal life

Asay was married and had five children.
# Alexandra Avierino

Alexandra Avierino (November 1872 – 1937) was an English-Lebanese writer.

## Biography

She was born Alexandra Constantine Khuri in Beirut into a Greek Christian Orthodox family. She was educated at convent schools in Lebanon and then Alexandria. While still in her teens, she married Miltiades di Avierino, who was of Italian and Spanish descent. The couple had two daughters and a son. Avierino became a British subject through her marriage.
In 1898, she founded Anis Al-Jalis ("The Sociable Companion"), a monthly women's magazine, also serving as its editor. In 1900, she travelled to Paris, where she represented Egypt at the conference of the Alliance universelle des femmes pour la paix, an international peace society, which was held during the Exposition Universelle of that year. Its founder Princess Gabrielle Wiszniewska bequeathed her title to Avierino, so after the princess died, she called herself Princess Alexandra di Avierino Wiszniewska. In 1901, she started a French literary review Le Lotus; it was expensive to produce and only appeared for a year. She continued to produce Anis Al-Jalis until she was forced to shut it down for financial reasons in 1907.
Avierino also wrote poetry and a play. She held a literary salon where intellectuals, both women and men, could gather. She contributed to newspapers such as al-Muqaṭṭam (pro-British) and Al-Mu'ayyad (anti-British).
During the early 1920s, she was forced to travel to England to resolve issues related to her status as a British citizen. Then, in July 1924, she was arrested by Egyptian authorities and accused of being involved in an assassination attempt on Prime Minister Saad Zaghloul. After being interrogated and released, she left for England. On her return, she was denied entry into Egypt. She later died in London.
# Soccer in American Samoa

The sport of soccer in American Samoa is governed by the Football Federation American Samoa (FFAS), the country's soccer association. It was founded in 1984, and affiliated to FIFA and to the OFC in 1998. It organizes the FFAS Senior League (the national men's domestic association football tournament), the FFAS Women's National League (the national women's domestic association football tournament), the men's national team and the women's national team.
American Samoa is one of the weakest association footballing nations in the world, due to both its small population base and the overwhelming popularity of American football, basketball and baseball in the islands.

## League Football

The American Samoan leagues are typically considered weak, with the small population and popularity of other sports strongly contributing to that. The FFAS Senior League was formed around 1980 though it is hard to know a reliable date. It is not confirmed either when the FFAS Women's National League formed, but there were clubs as early as 1987 and the league continues to this day.
The champions of the FFAS Senior League are eligible to take part in the OFC Champions League, though they have not always taken up the position. They compete in the preliminary round of the competition, with Utulei Youth gaining the territory's only victory to date in the 2016 edition. Otherwise they are limited to a handful of draws.

## International football

The men's team famously hold the distinction of suffering the largest official loss in international association football history, having been defeated by Australia 31–0 on April 11, 2001. At the time they had only recorded one victory in their history over Wallis and Futuna Islands in 1983 (3-0), when both teams were not yet members of FIFA (Wallis and Futuna Islands still is not).
That appearance at the 1983 South Pacific Games would be the men's team's international debut, though opportunities would remain limited, particularly until their FIFA recognized debut at the 1998 Polynesia Cup. Results would continue to be limited, though positives would come from both the OFC Nations Cup and the Pacific Games, with victories over Tonga and the Cook Islands. They would also achieve draws against the Cook Islands and Tuvalu. Their first official victory came in November 2011, defeating Tonga 2–1 in the first round of OFC World Cup Qualification to record their second international victory after 38 consecutive defeats. They have previously been ranked at the bottom of the FIFA Rankings but, as of August 2022 are ranked 188th.
The women's national team would debut at the 1998 OFC Women's Championship, losing 21-0 to Australia and 9-0 to Papua New Guinea. Appearances would be sporadic from then on, with their first draw coming against the Cook Islands in the 2007 Pacific Games. As of August 2022 they are ranked 142nd in the FIFA Women's World Rankings.
# Terri Springett

Terri Springett is a former England women's international footballer. She represented the England women's national football team at senior international level. She won the 1984 Women's FA Cup with Howbury Grange after they defeated Doncaster Belles in the final at Sincil Bank. Springett scored twice in a 4-2 win. After moving to Friends of Fulham, she lost in both the 1989 and 1990 finals.

## International career

In November 2022, Springett was recognized by The Football Association as one of the England national team's legacy players, and as the 52nd women's player to be capped by England.

## Personal life

Terri Springett is the daughter of 1966 World Cup winner Ron Springett. Since retiring from professional football she is the club secretary for Queens Park Rangers.

## Honours

Howbury Grange
* FA Women's Cup: 1984
# Athletics at the 2017 Summer Universiade – Women's 10,000 metres

The women's 10,000 metres event at the 2017 Summer Universiade was held on 23 August at the Taipei Municipal Stadium.

## Results

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | Daria Maslova | Kyrgyzstan | 33:19.27 | |
| | Sanjivani Jadhav | India | 33:22.00 | PB |
| | Ai Hosoda | Japan | 33:27.89 | |
| 4 | Yuki Munehisa | Japan | 33:40.45 | |
| 5 | Jennifer Nesbitt | Great Britain | 34:01.34 | |
| 6 | Andreea Alina Piscu | Romania | 34:19.79 | PB |
| 7 | Isobel Batt-Doyle | Australia | 34:32.13 | |
| 8 | Claire Sumner | Canada | 34:41.24 | |
| 9 | Emma Mitchell | Ireland | 34:51.62 | |
| 10 | Louise Small | Great Britain | 35:03.93 | |
| 11 | Irene van Lieshout | Netherlands | 35:11.38 | |
| 12 | Natsuki Sekiya | Japan | 35:21.19 | |
| 13 | Annet Chebet | Uganda | 35:46.19 | PB |
| | Sevilay Eytemiş | Turkey | DNF | |
| | Brenda Flores | Mexico | DNF | |
| | Büşra Koku | Turkey | DNF | |
| | Esma Aydemir | Turkey | DNS | |
| | Claudia Cornejo | Bolivia | DNS | |
| | Lina Pantoja | Colombia | DNS | |
# Hank Coe

Henry H. R. Coe (April 29, 1946 – January 21, 2021) was an American politician who served as a Republican member of the Wyoming Senate from 1989 until 2021. In 1988, Coe was elected to represent Park County. After the state legislature switched from a county-based apportionment system to a district based apportionment system, in 1992, Coe was elected to represent the 18th senate district. He served as the President of the Senate in the 2001-2002 session. He was the son of the philanthropist Henry Huttleston Rogers Coe. Coe died from pancreatic cancer in 2021, shortly after leaving office, having been diagnosed in November 2020.
# Richard W. Littlefield

Richard W. Littlefield (September 17, 1948 – April 27, 2012) was an American politician. He served as a Democratic member for the 6th district of the Georgia State Senate.

## Life and career

Littlefield was born in Duval County, Florida. He attended Emory University and the University of Georgia.
Littlefield was an assistant district attorney for the Brunswick Judicial Circuit. In 1979, he was elected to represent the 6th district of the Georgia State Senate, succeeding Roscoe E. Dean. He served until 1982.
Littlefield died in April 2012 of heart failure, at the age of 63.