OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tariq Pervez Khan

Tariq Pervez Khan (15 February 1948 – 18 April 2020) was the Chief Justice of Peshawar High Court in Pakistan. He was later elevated to the Supreme Court from where he retired in February 2013. He also served as the caretaker chief minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa from 20 March 2013 to 31 May 2013. He has also been acting governor twice during the tenure of Governor Ali Muhammad Jan Orakzai. On 10 November 2014, he was nominated as chief election commissioner of Pakistan.

## Biography

Tariq was born on 15 February 1948 in Sikander Town, Peshawar. Tariq Pervez obtained a law degree from Law College Peshawar University in 1971 and a political science degree from the University of Peshawar in 1975. Tariq had been associated with the law profession for the past four decades. He started advocating with the Peshawar District Court in 1972 and obtained the license of the Peshawar High Court in 1975. Tariq became a Supreme Court lawyer in 1983 after advocating for the High Court for eleven years. Tariq became the Peshawar High Court judge in 1997 while in April 2005 he was promoted to the Chief Justice of the Peshawar High Court.
He refused to take oath under the PCO on 3 November 2007, after Pervez Musharraf imposed an emergency in the country. Tariq Pervez was re-appointed Chief Justice of the Peshawar High Court on 5 September 2008 under the PCO's Chief Justice Abdul Hameed Dogar and was made a Supreme Court Judge on 20 October 2009.
Tariq Pervez retired on 14 February 2013 at the age of 65. He had three daughters and a son.
He died on 18 April 2020.
# Winchcombe Abbey

Winchcombe Abbey is a now-vanished Benedictine abbey in Winchcombe, Gloucestershire; this abbey was once in the heart of Mercia, an Anglo Saxon kingdom at the time of the Heptarchy in England. The Abbey was founded c. 798 for three hundred Benedictine monks, by King Offa of Mercia or King Coenwulf of Mercia. In its time, it was the burial place of two members of the Mercian ruling class, the aforementioned Coenwulf and his son Cynehelm, later venerated as Saint Kenelm.
According to more recent research, the original foundation by Offa in 787 was for a community of nuns, to which Coenwulf added a community of men in 811 to create a double monastery. The nunnery ceased to exist sometime after 897.
The abbey was refounded in 970 after the disruptions of the Danish invasions, and the first abbot of the new establishment was Germanus of Winchester.
The abbey itself was in the grounds to the east end of the parish church of St Kenelm. Many pilgrims visited St Kenelm's tomb in the Early Middle Ages, and the Abbey thus became very rich. At its heyday, Winchcombe Abbey alone owned 25,300 acres (102 km$^2$) in 13 parishes. Indeed, Snowshill Manor was owned by Winchcombe Abbey from 821 until the Dissolution of the Monasteries. In the early sixteenth century Winchcombe Abbey was known as a centre of learning under Abbot Richard Kidderminster (1488–1527), who was also a renowned preacher and acted as an ambassador for Henry VII. The quality of the stonemasons at Winchcombe was known to be very high, and it was a Winchcombe master mason who built the Divinity School at Oxford.
Winchcombe Abbey was surrendered to the Crown and then demolished in 1539. Some of its stones can still be found in Winchcombe; for example the lintel over the abbey gate now rests over the gate of what was once the George Inn. Fragments of the abbey can still be seen in various places in Winchcombe, notably the Corner Cupboard Inn on the Cheltenham road.
It is believed that Edmund Brydges, 2nd Baron Chandos used the ruins as a quarry during his redevelopment of Sudeley Castle in the 1570s; a collection of abbey stone that was retrieved from the castle gardens are displayed in its dungeons.
A stone cross was erected in the 19th century to mark the centre of the abbey tower. Very little now remains of the Abbey; more remains of its great nearby rival, Hailes Abbey.

## Timeline for Winchcombe Abbey

* 798 – King Kenulf of Mercia gives instructions for building an abbey
* 811 – Winchcombe Abbey is dedicated by Wulfred, Archbishop of Canterbury
* 1042–1066 – During Edward the Confessor's reign Winchcombe Abbey becomes one of the most powerful Benedictine monasteries in the country
* 29 August 1151 – Fire destroys much of Winchcombe, including the Abbey
* 1239 – Re-building of the Abbey completed
* 23 December 1539 – Winchcombe Abbey is surrendered to the crown and the monks are pensioned off. The Abbey buildings are quickly demolished the stone being re-used in other buildings
# Kessel Food Markets

Kessel Food Markets was an American supermarket chain based in Michigan. It began in 1981 when Owosso, Michigan, native Al Kessel, a former executive vice president of Hamady Brothers supermarkets, purchased Kroger locations in Corunna and Saginaw. Kroger closed these stores due to Michigan's poor economy at the time, and failure to reach union agreements. After Kroger closed all five of its Flint locations in 1982 for the same reasons, Kessel purchased them as well, followed by 13 Hamady stores after that chain filed for bankruptcy in 1991. At its peak, Kessel Food Markets comprised 24 stores. Kessel filmed his own television commercials for the chain, in which he would throw items into a grocery cart and state, "Save at Kessel this week. Why? Because we're with you."
The Kessel chain was frequently targeted by workers' unions in Saginaw. By 1999, four of the Kessel stores had been converted to Save-A-Lot or closed, while the rest were sold to Kroger, which briefly continued to operate them under the Kessel name before converting them. Kessel's company, Kessel Enterprises of Grand Blanc, Michigan, continued to operate the Save-a-Lot stores and local Pet Supplies Plus stores.
Kessel died December 28, 2012, at age 74 of esophageal cancer, in Naples, Florida.
# George Belknap

George Eugene Belknap (22 January 1832 – 7 April 1903) was a rear admiral in the United States Navy. USS Belknap (DD-251) was named for him.

## Naval career

Born in Newport, New Hampshire, Belknap was appointed a Midshipman in 1847. He commanded the monitor Canonicus during the attacks on Fort Fisher, and the sloop-of-war Hartford during the Formosa Expedition of 1867. Belknap was the senior officer present during the riots following David Kalākaua's election as the King of Hawaii in 1874. At the time, he was serving as commander of the sloop-of-war Tuscarora on a mission to take deep-sea soundings in the North Pacific to help identify the best route for a submarine cable between the United States and Japan. This voyage led to the discovery of the Kuril–Kamchatka Trench and the Aleutian Trench.
Belknap commanded the United States Naval Observatory from 1885 to 1886 and the Mare Island Naval Shipyard from 1886 to 1890. Belknap was appointed as a rear admiral on 12 February 1889. He served as the Commander of the Asiatic Squadron from 4 April 1889 to 20 February 1892. He retired from the Navy on 22 January 1894.
In August 1902, Belknap and his wife visited the United Kingdom, including Devonport as guests of Rear Admiral William Hannam Henderson, the Admiral Superintendent of the dockyard.
Belknap and his wife lived in Brookline, Massachusetts after his retirement. On 7 April 1903, he died at Key West, Florida while on a working vacation to advise the Navy Department on a potential naval base location. On 13 April 1903, Belknap was buried with full military honors at Arlington National Cemetery. The funeral procession from St. John's Episcopal Church was accompanied by two battalions of U.S Marines and one battalion of U.S. Army engineers.

## Memberships

Belknap was a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, a Veteran Companion of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States (MOLLUS) and an Honorary Companion of the Military Order of Foreign Wars. He was also a member of the New Hampshire Society of the Sons of the American Revolution.

## Legacy

A portrait of Admiral Belknap is on display in Luce Hall at the United States Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island.

## Family

He was the father of Rear Admiral Reginald R. Belknap who served as national Commander-in-Chief of MOLLUS from 1947 to 1951.

## Dates of rank

* Midshipman – October 8, 1847
* Passed Midshipman – June 10, 1853
* Master – September 15, 1855
| Lieutenant | Lieutenant Commander | Commander | Captain | Commodore | Rear Admiral |
| O-3 | O-4 | O-5 | O-6 | O-7 | O-8 |
| September 16, 1855 | July 15, 1862 | July 15, 1866 | January 25, 1875 | June 2, 1885 | February 12, 1889 |
# Pip Eastop

Pip Eastop (born 1958) is a virtuoso horn player from London, England. He studied at the Royal Academy of Music from 1974 to 1976, leaving to take up the position of Principal Horn with the Antwerp Philharmonic Orchestra (now known as the Royal Flemish Philharmonic Orchestra).
The following year he became Principal Horn of the London Sinfonietta.
Between 1983 and 1986 he trained as a teacher of the Alexander Technique and from 1987 taught this discipline for four years, later incorporating his understanding the technique into his brass and woodwind teaching method.
He has been a professor of horn at the Royal Academy of Music since 1993 and at the Royal College of Music since 1995.
He has held principal horn positions with the London Sinfonietta, the Wallace Collection (a now-defunct brass ensemble) and the Gabrieli Consort. In 2005 he became Principal Horn with the London Chamber Orchestra.
In 1996, The Arts Council of Great Britain awarded Pip Eastop a research development grant to explore "the possibilities of controlling computer-driven transformation of sound during live, partially improvised performance". This work was undertaken in collaboration with the composer Edward Williams.
His recording of the Mozart horn concertos was released in 2015.
# Dietrich Roache

Dietrich Peter Roache (born 6 July 2001) is an Australian professional rugby union player who plays as a wing for Shute Shield club Western Sydney Two Blues and the Australia national sevens team.

## Early life

Born of Samoan descent from his father, Roache initially played rugby league for his school, Patrician Brothers' College, Fairfield. Whilst there, he was a part of the Patrician Brothers rugby league team that won the NRL Schoolboy Cup. Roache is a Roman Catholic.

## International career

Though his father and uncle played rugby for the former Parramatta Two Blues, Roache did not start playing club rugby until 2018. This came after getting a free ticket to the Sydney Sevens in 2018. He gained a reputation as a fast player, being able to run a time of 4.59 seconds over 40 metres. This matched the time of Trae Williams who missed selection for the Australian Olympic team for the 2020 Olympic Games as a result. He was selected for the New South Wales Waratahs' Junior under-18 team and part of their development programme. In 2019, he played for Australia at the World Rugby School Sevens and a year later was signed by Rugby Australia to their sevens programme.
In 2021, when he was selected for the Australia national rugby sevens team for their 2020 Olympics rugby sevens tournament, he was the youngest member of the team and was given responsibility for taking care of the team's mascot Wally. This followed on from Henry Hutchison at the 2016 Summer Olympics where Wally was kidnapped by players from the Sweden women's national football team for 24 hours.
Roache competed for Australia at the 2022 Rugby World Cup Sevens in Cape Town. In 2024, He was named in the Australian sevens team for the Summer Olympics in Paris.
# Juan Carlos Romero (politician)

Juan Carlos Romero (born 16 November 1950) is an Argentine Justicialist Party politician and senator, and was Governor of Salta for 12 years. The former Peronist governor has accumulated political and economic power since 1995.
Romero was born in Salta where his father Roberto Romero was a politician, later governor of the province. He studied law and political science at the University of Buenos Aires. A lawyer, he became deputy editor, and then editor of the Salta newspaper founded by his father, El Tribuno, from 1974.
In 1986 Romero became a Senator for Salta Province. He took a leading role in economics and was re-elected in 1992. In 1995 he was elected governor of Salta and was re-elected in 1999 and 2003. He launched a bid for the presidency ahead of the 2003 general election, though he ran as Carlos Menem's running mate on the Peronist Front for Loyalty ticket. They narrowly won the first round, but poor polling numbers persuaded Menem and Romero to forfeit the runoff.
In 2007 he was again elected a Senator, with Juan Manuel Urtubey being elected governor of Salta. Romero was appointed vice-president of the Senate in December 2007. Although he had opposed Kirchnerism, he sat in the governing Front for Victory block in the Senate until 20 February 2009 when he announced that he and his fellow Salta Senator, Sonia Escudero, would be leaving the majority block.
Romero used to be married to Betina Marcuzzi and has four children. One of them, Bettina, currently serves as mayor of the City of Salta.
# Windsor glasses

Windsor glasses (also known as tea glasses or round granny glasses) are a type of eyeglasses characterised by circular or nearly circular eyerims and a thin metal frame. The style emerged in the 19th century and first became popular in the 1880s. Traditionally the bridge of Windsor glasses is a "saddle" (a simple, arched piece of metal joining the two eyerims), and hence to prevent the glasses slipping off the face the temples are "riding bow temples" (a strongly arched wire that hooks around the ears); however, in a modern and extended definition, Windsors typically have a bridge with nose pads and gently curved temples.

## In popular culture

Notable people associated with Windsor glasses include John Lennon (and thus the glasses are sometimes referred to as "John Lennon glasses"), who first wore them on the set of How I Won The War in September 1966. One of his Windsor glasses were auctioned at $56,800 in 2020. Other notable people include Mahatma Gandhi, as well as the fictional character Harry Potter. Groucho Marx and Theodore Roosevelt also sometimes wore Windsor glasses, although they better remembered for their horn-rimmed Groucho glasses and rimless pince nez, respectively.
* Mahatma Gandhi
* John Lennon
* Groucho Marx
* Theodore Roosevelt

## Practical considerations

The minimalist nature of Windsor glasses presents some pragmatic advantages over other styles.
Glasses that have eyerims with a particular customised shape may be subject to vendor lock-in, where the only company able to manufacture new lenses for a given frame is the same company from which that frame was purchased. In contrast, the circle is a basic geometric shape and so it is in the public domain. This means that glasses with circular eyerims made from one brand may be compatible with the lenses made by many other brands.
Eyeglass lenses were historically made of glass and had to be ground against an abrasive surface to fit the shape of the eyerims. Getting the lens to fit an irregularly shaped eyerim required skill and specialised equipment. The simplicity of carving a circle meant that circular lenses were generally cheaper to produce. Modern lenses are instead made of plastic and can be made to any shape with ease.
The thin frame requires less metal, and therefore costs less to produce, although the corollary of this is that Windsor glasses are more easily broken if crushed.
# The Lady Craved Excitement

The Lady Craved Excitement is a 1950 British comedy second feature ('B') film directed by Francis Searle and starring Hy Hazell, Michael Medwin and Sid James. It was written by John Gilling based on the 1949 BBC radio serial The Lady Craved Excitement by Edward J. Mason. An early Hammer film, it is significant as one of five films shot at Oakley Court and the first to feature its famous exterior, located next door to Bray Studios.

## Plot

Pat's craving for excitement hampers cabaret artists Pat and Johnny's careers. She leads them into a number of dangerous situations, but also helps to uncover a conspiracy to smuggle valuable works of art out of the country.

## Cast

* Hy Hazell as Pat
* Michael Medwin as Johnny
* Sidney James as Carlo
* Thelma Grigg as Julia Lafaine
* Andrew Keir as Septimus K. Peterson
* Danny Green as Boris
* John Longden as Inspector James
* Ian Wilson as Mugsy
* Barbara Hamilton as 1st chorus girl
* Jasmine Dee as 2nd chorus girl
* Gordon Mulholland as lunatic

## Critical reception

The Monthly Film Bulletin wrote: "A light crime-comedy with some impossible and quite amusing situations; suitable entertainment for the young."
In British Sound Films: The Studio Years 1928–1959 David Quinlan rated the film as "mediocre", writing: "Light comedy-thriller has plenty of plot, but is a trifle dull considering the source is a radio serial."
Britmovie wrote: "Barely watchable by today’s standards (and probably not much more tolerable at the time), it nevertheless remains of passing interest for its cast, which includes Michael Medwin, Sid James and Andrew Keir, all of them then in the early stages of what would prove to be lengthy and successful careers."
# Rollo Feilding, 11th Earl of Denbigh

William Rudolph Michael Feilding, 11th Earl of Denbigh (2 August 1943 – 23 March 1995), known as Rollo Feilding and Rollo Denbigh, was a British peer, advertising executive, and racing driver.

## Family and early life

Rollo Feilding was born on 2 August 1943 in Mere, Wiltshire. His father was William Feilding, 10th Earl of Denbigh and his mother was Verena Barbara Feilding, Countess of Denbigh (née Price). He was educated at Eton College.
On 2 September 1965 in London, he married Caroline Judith Vivienne Cooke, the daughter of Lt.-Col. Geoffrey Cooke. They had three children: Lady Samantha, Lady Louisa, and Alexander, who succeeded as 12th Earl of Denbigh and 11th Earl of Desmond.

## Career

Succeeding his father as Earl of Denbigh and Earl of Desmond in 1966, Denbigh was involved in sports car racing events in the 1960s. He entered his first race, the 1964 National Silverstone, in a Lotus Seven. Later that year, he raced a Ferrari 250 GTO for the BRSCC at Mallory Park, finishing second. Over the next several years, he raced in sports car endurance events at numerous locations. He entered Formula Three in 1966 and raced at Belgian Spa, Kyalami, and Nürburgring, finishing second at Kyalami circuit in South Africa. Lord Denbigh attempted to enter into the 1968 24 Hours of Le Mans in a Scodec-Diva Martin Valkyr, but was not accepted.
Denbigh retired from racing and became involved in dealing Rolls-Royce and other sports cars. In the 1970s, he was involved in advertising. He had also managed several rock band music groups, including The Animals.

## Later life

Denbigh was fond of motorcycling, undertaking numerous motorcycle trips across the world. He died in March 1995, aged 51. His will was valued at £1,417,775. He was succeeded in the earldom by his son Alexander.
# Tamar, daughter of David IV of Georgia

Tamar (Georgian: თამარი) (died after 1161) was a daughter of David IV, King of Georgia, and queen consort of Shirvan as the wife of Shirvanshah Manuchehr III, whom she married c. 1112. She became a nun at the monastery of Tigva in Georgia in widowhood.

## Biography

Tamar's marriage to the shirvanshah is recorded by the 12th-century Life of the King of Kings David, part of the Georgian Chronicles, which eulogizes Tamar and her sister Kata, married to a Byzantine prince. As luminaries of the East and the West, respectively, they reflect the splendor of their father in the Chronicles. After her husband's death, Tamar returned to her native country and eventually became, in 1152, a nun at the monastery, which she had founded at Tigva in eastern Georgia, as indicated in the Georgian Chronicles as well as by an inscription from that monastery, first published by Marie-Félicité Brosset in 1851. The History of the Five Reigns, written around 1223, mentions Tamar's death as a nun in a passage which follows the record of the death of her brother Demetrius I (c. 1156), but she was still alive in 1161, when she met her nephew George III during his victorious campaign at Ani.
The modern historian O. Vil'chevsky has posited that Tamar's return to Georgia was precipitated by a political turmoil in Shirvan that followed Manuchehr's death. Tamar found herself involved in a power struggle among her sons, favoring the younger, who joined her in an attempt to unite Shirvan with Georgia with the help of Kipchak mercenaries. Manuchehr's older son Akhsitan I was able to secure support from the Ildegizid dynasty of Azerbaijan, winning the contest for the throne and forcing Tamar and his younger brother into flight to Georgia. According to the historian Ziya Bunyadov, Manuchehr and Tamar had five sons—Akhsitan, Shahinshah, Paridun, Parruhzad, and an anonymous son who died in infancy—and two daughters, whose names have not come down to us. According to the genealogist Cyril Toumanoff, one of her sons, established in Georgia, was enfeoffed of Abkhazia and became forefather of the Shervashidze family.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Tamar :
# J. H. Cottrell Jr.

John Hall Cottrell Jr. (November 15, 1917 – December 14, 2000) was an American politician. He was a member of the Arkansas House of Representatives, serving from 1955 to 1966. He was a member of the Democratic party.
# Diving at the 1980 Summer Olympics

At the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, four diving events were contested during a competition that took place at the Olimpiysky Sports Complex Swimming Pool, from 20 to 28 July (24 July, rest day), comprising 67 divers from 21 nations.

## Medal summary

The events are named according to the International Olympic Committee labelling, but they appeared on the official report as "springboard diving" and "platform diving", respectively.

### Men

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 3 m springboard details | Aleksandr Portnov Soviet Union | Carlos Girón Mexico | Giorgio Cagnotto Italy |
| 10 m platform details | Falk Hoffmann East Germany | Vladimir Aleynik Soviet Union | David Ambartsumyan Soviet Union |

### Women

| Event width=225 | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 3 m springboard details | Irina Kalinina Soviet Union | Martina Proeber East Germany | Karin Guthke East Germany |
| 10 m platform details | Martina Jäschke East Germany | Sirvard Emirzyan Soviet Union | Liana Tsotadze Soviet Union |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Soviet Union (URS) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 |
| 2 | East Germany (GDR) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| 3 | Mexico (MEX) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 4 | Italy (ITA) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (4 entries) | Totals (4 entries) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 12 |

## Participating nations

Here are listed the nations that were represented in the diving events and, in brackets, the number of national competitors.
| Australia (4)  Austria (2)  Brazil (1)  Bulgaria (2)  Cuba (2)  Czechoslovakia (2)  Denmark (1) | Dominican Republic (2)  East Germany (9)  France (1)  Great Britain (6)  Hungary (2)  Italy (1)  Kuwait (1) | Mexico (6)  Poland (2)  Romania (3)  Soviet Union (12)  Spain (3)  Sweden (2)  Zimbabwe (3) |
# 1774 in Norway

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events in the year 1774 in Norway.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Christian VII.

## Events

* 22 February - The town of Stathelle was founded.
* 11 October - Det nyttige Selskab, a non-profit organization, was founded in Bergen.

## Births

* 25 May - Isaach Isaachsen, politician (died 1828)
* 2 August - Ole Clausen Mørch, politician (died 1829)
* 8 October - Teis Lundegaard, farmer, shipowner, politician and representative at the Norwegian Constituent Assembly (died 1856)

## Deaths

* 25 February – Knud Leem, linguist (born 1697).
* 11 August – Frederik Nannestad, bishop (born 1693)