OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eltony Williams

Eltony Williams is an American actor, best known for his role as Dr. Randall Holmes in the Oprah Winfrey Network prime time soap opera, If Loving You Is Wrong.

## Life and career

Williams was born and raised in Chicago, Illinois. He began acting appearing in two Steppenwolf Theatre Company productions: A Lesson Before Dying in 2003, and Tennessee Williams' One Arm (2004). He later began appearing on television shows, include guest starring roles in Criminal Minds, ER, House, Castle, and NCIS.
In 2014, Williams was cast as Dr. Randall Holmes in the Oprah Winfrey Network prime time soap opera, If Loving You Is Wrong. He later had a recurring roles in the ABC prime time soap opera Revenge (2014–15) and the Netflix political drama Designated Survivor (2019).
# Cirsium japonicum var. japonicum

Cirsium japonicum var. japonicum is a flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is a perennial thistle native to Japan, Korea, China, Taiwan, and Vietnam. It is a variety of Cirsium japonicum, and is known by many synonyms. In Chinese it is known as the Yushan thistle (Chinese: 玉山薊), named for Yushan mountain on Taiwan.

## Uses

Cirsium japonicum var. japonicum is cultivated for medicinal properties, particularly in Puli and Ren'ai Townships of Nantou County on Taiwan. C. japonicum var. japonicum was believed to be depicted on the reverse side of the NT$1000 bill, near the bottom left corner, but in 2019, botanists reclassified the depicted plant as a new species, C. tatakaense.

## Biology

Cirsium japonicum var. japonicum typically flowers between September and October, and bears fruit between October and November.

## Distribution

The variety ranges from Japan and Korea through China, Taiwan, and Vietnam. In Taiwan it is sometimes known by the synonym C. kawakamii, and grows in alpine grasslands of north-central Taiwan between 1,500 and 3,500 meters elevation.
# St Peter's Church, West Huntspill

The Church of St Peter in Huntspill, Somerset, England, was established by 1208, rebuilt around 1400, and extended in the early to mid-15th century. It was gutted by fire in 1878 and restored over the next two years. It has been designated a Grade I listed building.
Before the Norman Conquest the Christian community at Huntspill was given by Offa of Mercia to Glastonbury Abbey. In the 13th century it was given to Tickford Priory at Newport Pagnell until it was taken under the control of the Bishop of Wells. Since the 18th century the patronage has been held by Balliol College, Oxford. The church's original dedication was to All Saints, which changed to St Peter around 1872 and then in the 1950s the dedication to St Peter and All Hallows was adopted.
The church has a five-bay nave and chancel and four-stage west tower. The tower holds six bells which date from 1879 when they replaced the previous five, the oldest of which was cast in 1693.
The church underwent extensive Victorian restoration between 1878 and 1880, following a major fire which gutted the interior and roof, leaving only the stonework still standing.
Refurbishment work to glass the in Lady Chapel and the north door during 2011 was delayed when the company carrying out the work went into receivership.
The parish is part of the Huntspill and East Huntspill benefice within the Axbridge deanery.
# YiSheng liquor

YiSheng Liquor is a type of Chinese liquor.

## History

Zhang_Jian, with the support of Zhang Zhidong (张之洞),set up a liquor company named YiSheng Liquor Making Company. This company was on the west side of the Number One Scholar Street, in ChangLe Town(常乐镇), Haimen.
# Nancy Caffyn

Nancy J. Jacobson Caffyn (August 21, 1934, in Middletown, Connecticut – May 26, 2010) was an American politician who served as the mayor of South Windsor, Connecticut from 1977 to 1979 as the 3rd Barnstable District representative in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1999 to 2001.
Caffyn grew up in East Hampton, Connecticut. Her father, Arthur Jacobson was a member of the Connecticut Senate. At the age of 21 she married United States Air Force cadet Allan Caffyn. After his service the couple moved to South Windsor, Connecticut where she served as the town's mayor.
Following her divorce, Caffyn moved to her summer home in Mashpee, Massachusetts. From 1991 to 1999 she was a member of the town's board of selectmen. In 1998, she was elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives, succeeding five-term incumbent Thomas Cahir who ran for Barnstable County Sheriff instead. In 2000, Caffyn was voted Legislator of the Year by her colleagues. After one term in the house, Caffyn decided not to run for reelection, choosing to spend more time with her family and concentrate on her health.
Caffyn died on May 26, 2010, following a thirteen-year battle with cancer.
# 2017 FFAS Senior League

The 2017 FFAS Senior League is the 37th edition of the FFAS Senior League, the top league of the Football Federation American Samoa. This season was competed by 12 teams and started on 2 September 2017.
The league was won by Pago Youth.

## Teams

These are the teams for the 2017 season.
* Black Roses
* Green Bay
* Ilaoa and To'omata
* Lion Heart
* Pago Youth
* PanSa East
* Royal Puma
* Tafuna Jets
* Taputimu Youth
* Utulei Youth
* Vaiala Tongan
* Vaiala Tongan B

## Standings

Reported final table :
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| 1 | Pago Youth | 11 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 31 | |
| 2 | Lion Heart | 11 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26 | |
| 3 | Royal Puma | 11 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | |
| 4 | Vaiala Tongan | 11 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | |
| 5 | Green Bay | 11 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | |
| 6 | Black Roses | 11 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | |
| 7 | PanSa East | 11 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | |
| 8 | Utulei Youth | 11 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | |
| 9 | Taputimu Youth | 11 | 3 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | |
| 10 | Vaiala Tongan B | 11 | 1 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | |
| – | Ilaoa and To'omata | 10 | 4 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | Disqualified |
| – | Tafuna Jets | 10 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | Disqualified |
* ↑ Ilaoa & To'omata and Tafuna Jets disqualified after two forfeits.
# Leslie C. Hardy

Leslie C. Hardy was an American politician from Arizona. He served a single term in the Arizona State Senate during the 7th Arizona State Legislature, holding the seat from Pinal County. He also served as Arizona's first assistant attorney general after it became a state in 1912. During the 1950s he was also responsible for revising the Arizona statutory code.

## Biography

Hardy was born in 1886 in Indian Fields, Kentucky, and was a descendent of Daniel Boone. In 1894 his parents moved the family to Arizona. He graduated from Wake Forest with a law degree in 1909, and was admitted to the Arizona bar that same year.
In 1911, he ran unsuccessfully for Pima County attorney, losing to Republican George Hilzinger in December's general election. The following year, while still living in Tucson, Hardy was appointed to the newly created position of assistant Attorney General of the State of Arizona, the State's first. In 1914 he ran for the State Attorney's General office. However, he was defeated by Wiley E. Jones in the Democrat primary. When the U. S. entered World War I, he enlisted in the U. S. Army, and served in the 7th Cavalry under then Lt. Colonel George S. Patton. While he was still in the service, he was elected county attorney in Santa Cruz County, and was released from active duty to return to Arizona to assume his position as county attorney. He married Nora E. McComb in Los Angeles, California on September 29, 1920. She was from Phoenix. The couple had one child, Dorothy Anne. Nora died on February 12, 1936, in Phoenix, after a long illness.
In the early 1950s he was in charge of revising Arizona's statutes. After a five-year process, his commission's revisions were codified into law by the Arizona State Legislature. Over his career, he advised most of Arizona's governors, and became known as the "Dean of Arizona's Lawyers". At some point he remarried, his second wife's name was Josephine, who he remained married to until his death. He died on October 18, 1968, in St. Joseph's Hospital in Phoenix.
# Pineapple upside-down cake

A pineapple upside-down cake is a type of upside-down cake flavored with pineapples.
# Pavumba

Pavumba is a village in the outskirts of Kollam district, Pavumba is a village in Thazhava Panchayat located in the north-east of Karunagapalli taluk. It is bordered by Vallikunnam in the north, Todiyur in the south, Sooranad in the east, and Thazhava village in the Thazhava panchayat in the west. It is known as the place of weaving "Thãzhappaya" in the rural culture of Kerala. It is a border village of Kollam district and Alappuzha in the north starts from here. The name Pavumba is derived from the name "Pampin waa". Its history can still be seen in the Thrippavumba Mahadeva temple. Thrippavumba Mahadeva Temple is one of the major temples in Kerala. Other major temples in Pavumba are Azhakiyakavu Sreebhadrakalee temple Manappally North, Chirakkal Devi Temple,Manappally Parambathukulangara Sree Mahadevar (Pavumpa Kali) Temple, and Palamoodu Manikanda Sannidhi. Besides, a lot of family temples are also located here.  Ilavana Devi Temple, located in Pavumpa North, is one of the major family temples belonging to Kaippally Tharavadu, and its members are spread across the Alappuzha, Kollam, and Pathanamthitta districts of Kerala.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Pavumba had a population of 16413 with 7772 males and 8641 females.
# Joseph J. Little

Joseph James Little (June 5, 1841 – February 11, 1913) was an American printer by trade who served as a U.S. Representative from New York from 1891 to 1893, after winning a special election to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of Roswell P. Flower.
Little was a veteran of the Civil War.

## Biography

Born in Bristol, England, Little immigrated with his parents to the United States in 1846. The family settled in Morris, New York. He attended the common schools, was apprenticed to the local printer and entered a New York book-printing office to complete his trade.

### Civil War

During the US Civil War, he served in the Union Army from 1862 to 1864, as corporal, first sergeant, and first lieutenant.

### Congress

Little was elected as a Democrat to the 52nd Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Roswell P. Flower and served from November 3, 1891, to March 3, 1893. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1892 to the Fifty-third Congress.

### Later career

Little served as commissioner of education and president of the Board of Education of New York City.
Little began business on his own account in a small way, having for a junior partner his former employer, Mr. Rennie. A third associate joining in the venture, the three with the combined capital of $5,000 started the printing office of Little, Rennie & Co. on Broome Street, in 1867. Being practical and hard working men they made their way by inches.
In 1873, William Jennings Demorest joined the firm and brought them the printing of his fashion papers. The business finally grew quite large and in 1871 was moved to an uptown location. In his present large quarters on Astor place, they do an enormous business in the printing of books, magazines, etc., employing about 500 persons. The present title of J. J. Little & Co. was adopted in 1876. He remained in the printing and publishing business until his death in New York City on February 11, 1913.

### Death

He died on February 11, 1913, and was interred in Kensico Cemetery, Valhalla, New York.

### Family

Little's son was the tennis player Raymond D. Little.

## Sources

* United States Congress. "Joseph J. Little (id: L000353)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
U.S. House of Representatives :
| Preceded byRoswell P. Flower | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 11th congressional district 1891–1893 | Succeeded byWilliam Bourke Cockran |
This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
# Black Butterfly (2006 film)

Black Butterfly (Spanish: Mariposa negra) is a 2006 Peruvian drama film directed by Francisco Lombardi from a screenplay written by Giovanna Pollarolo, based on the novel of Alonso Cueto.

## Cast

* Darío Abad as Guido Pazos
* Gustavo Bueno as Osmán
* Montserrat Carulla as Pilar
* Yvonne Frayssinet as Dotty
* Lluís Homar as Mar
* Ricardo Morán as Ramón
* Liliana Trujillo as Aida
* Magdyel Ugaz as Ángela
* Melania Urbina as Gabriela

## Awards and nominations
### Won

Málaga Spanish Film Festival
* Best Latin American Actress (Melania Urbina)

### Nominated

Goya Awards
* Best Spanish Language Foreign Film (lost to XXY)
Montréal Film Festival
* Grand Prix des Amériques (lost to O Maior Amor do Mundo and Nagai sanpo)
Luces Awards
* Best Film (lost to Madeinusa)
# Edward Gilbert

Edward Gilbert (c. 1819 – August 2, 1852) was an American newspaper editor and Democratic California politician. From 1850 to 1851, he served briefly as a member of the United States House of Representatives.

## Biography

Gilbert was born in Cherry Valley, New York.
During the Mexican–American War of 1846–48, he served in the US Army. After his regiment arrived in San Francisco, California in 1847, Gilbert was discharged from service and chose to remain in California.
In 1849, Gilbert partnered with businessman Edward Kemble and printer G. O. Hubbard to found the Alta California weekly paper, where Gilbert worked as senior editor for the next four years.

### Political career

In September 1849, Gilbert became the youngest delegate to the Constitutional Convention, winning the San Francisco delegate position with 1,512 out of the 1,519 votes cast. He was elected in November 1849 at-large as one of California's first two Representatives in the 31st Congress, and served from September 11, 1850, until March 3, 1851.

### Duel and death

In 1852, Gilbert wrote an article that charged General James W. Denver with "negligence and gross mismanagement" in an expedition to aid destitute immigrants, and the increasing conflict between Gilbert and Denver finally led Gilbert to challenge him to a duel. After several missed shots from both men, Denver shot Gilbert in the abdomen, killing him.
Gilbert was interred in Laurel Hill Cemetery, San Francisco. Later, after the city banned cemeteries within city-limits, his remains were removed and buried in the Laurel Hill Mound mass grave of Cyprus Lawn Memorial Park in Colma.
# Nordstrom Building

Nordstrom Building may refer to:
* Nordstrom Downtown Portland
* Nordstrom Downtown Seattle
* Central Park Tower (aka, the Nordstrom Tower) in New York City
# Alfred C. Harmer

Alfred Crout Harmer (August 8, 1825 – March 6, 1900) was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.

## Biography

Harmer was born in Germantown section of Philadelphia. Began work as a shoe manufacturer. He became a member of the Philadelphia City Council, serving from 1856 to 1860 and then a recorder of deeds for Philadelphia 1860–1863. He was a delegate to the 1868 Republican National Convention.
He was elected as a Republican in 1870 for and served two terms. He was defeated in 1874, but he was elected again in 1876. He served until his death in 1900 and was interred in West Laurel Hill Cemetery in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania.
# In Old California (1929 film)

In Old California is a 1929 American Western film directed by Burton L. King and starring Tom Keene, Helen Ferguson and Henry B. Walthall.

## Cast

* Tom Keene as Lt. Tony Hopkins
* Helen Ferguson as Dolores Radanell
* Henry B. Walthall as Don Pedro De León
* Carlotta Monti as Juanita
* Ray Hallor as Pedro DeLeón
* Orral Humphrey as Ike Boone
* Larry Steers as Ollie Radanell
* Richard Carlyle as Arturo
* Harry Allen as Sgt. Washburn
* Louis Stern as Ramón De Hermosa
* Paul Ellis as José
* Gertrude Chorre as Indian Servant
# Samuel Herrick (politician)

Samuel Herrick (April 14, 1779 – June 4, 1852) was a United States Representative from Ohio.
Born in Amenia, New York, Herrick pursued an academic course. He studied law in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, was admitted to the bar in 1805 and commenced practice in St. Clairsville, Ohio. He moved to Zanesville, Ohio, in 1810. He was appointed prosecuting attorney of Guernsey County in 1810 and also United States district attorney. In 1814 he was appointed prosecuting attorney of Licking County and commissioned brigadier general of the Ohio Militia.
Herrick was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Fifteenth Congress and reelected to the Sixteenth Congress (March 4, 1817 – March 3, 1821). He served as chairman of the Committee on Private Land Claims (Fifteenth Congress).
Herrick was not a candidate for reelection in 1820. He continued the practice of law. He served as presidential elector on the Jackson and Calhoun ticket in 1828. He was appointed United States district attorney for Ohio in 1829 but resigned June 30, 1830. He died in Zanesville, June 4, 1852, and was interred in City (now Greenwood) Cemetery.

## Sources

* United States Congress. "Samuel Herrick (id: H000542)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
Offices and distinctions :
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded byJames Caldwell
United States Representative from Ohio's 4th congressional district 1817-03-04 – 1821-03-03
Succeeded byDavid Chambers
Legal offices
Preceded byWilliam Creighton, Jr.
U.S. Attorney for the District of Ohio$^1$ 1810–1818
Succeeded byJohn C. Wright
Preceded byJoseph S. Benham
U.S. Attorney for the District of Ohio$^1$ 1829–1830-06-30
Succeeded byNoah Haynes Swayne
Notes and references
1. DAG000001419 :
# Richtmyer–Meshkov instability

The Richtmyer–Meshkov instability (RMI) occurs when two fluids of different density are impulsively accelerated. Normally this is by the passage of a shock wave. The development of the instability begins with small amplitude perturbations which initially grow linearly with time. This is followed by a nonlinear regime with bubbles appearing in the case of a light fluid penetrating a heavy fluid, and with spikes appearing in the case of a heavy fluid penetrating a light fluid. A chaotic regime eventually is reached and the two fluids mix. This instability can be considered the impulsive-acceleration limit of the Rayleigh–Taylor instability.

## Dispersion Relation

For ideal MHD
$(\omega ^{2}-2k_{\parallel }^{2}/\beta )(\omega ^{4}-(2/\beta +1)k^{2}\omega ^{2}+2k_{\parallel }^{2}k^{2}/\beta )=0$
For Hall MHD
${\displaystyle (\omega ^{2}-2k_{\parallel }^{2}/\beta )(\omega ^{4}-(2/\beta +1)k^{2}\omega ^{2}+2k_{\parallel }^{2}k^{2}/\beta )-2d_{s}^{2}k_{\parallel }^{2}k^{2}\omega ^{2}(\omega ^{2}-k^{2})/\beta =0}$
For QMHD
${\displaystyle {\displaystyle ((1+2/\beta c^{2})\omega ^{2}-2k_{\parallel }^{2}/\beta )((1+2/\beta c^{2})\omega ^{4}-(2/\beta +1)k^{2}\omega ^{2}+2k_{\parallel }^{2}k^{2}/\beta )-2d_{s}^{2}k_{\parallel }^{2}k^{2}\omega ^{2}(\omega ^{2}-k^{2})/\beta =0}}$

## History

R. D. Richtmyer provided a theoretical prediction, and E. E. Meshkov (Евгений Евграфович Мешков) provided experimental verification. Materials in the cores of stars, like Cobalt-56 from Supernova 1987A were observed earlier than expected. This was evidence of mixing due to Richtmyer–Meshkov and Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities.

## Examples

During the implosion of an inertial confinement fusion target, the hot shell material surrounding the cold D–T fuel layer is shock-accelerated. This instability is also seen in magnetized target fusion (MTF). Mixing of the shell material and fuel is not desired and efforts are made to minimize any tiny imperfections or irregularities which will be magnified by RMI.
Supersonic combustion in a scramjet may benefit from RMI as the fuel-oxidants interface is enhanced by the breakup of the fuel into finer droplets. Also in studies of deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) processes show that RMI-induced flame acceleration can result in detonation.
# Sicinnus

Sicinnus (Greek: Σίκιννος), a Persian traitor, and helper to the Athenian leader Themistocles and pedagogue to his children according to Plutarch. He is known for his actions as a negotiator between Themistocles and the Persian ruler Xerxes I during the Second Persian invasion of Greece. Sicinnus deceived Xerxes into sending his fleet into Themistocles' trap.

## Battle of Salamis

In 480 BC, he was employed by his master in a stratagem directed against the Persian king, Xerxes, before the Battle of Salamis. The Greek fleet, which had assembled at Salamis, was composed of several contingents. Although the Athenian was the largest, command was held by the Spartan Eurybiades. He and other Peloponnesian leaders desired to withdraw from Salamis towards the Peloponnese, while Themistocles insisted that they stay and fight at Salamis, where the straits would negate the Persian numerical superiority. In order to avoid a possible withdrawal and commit his allies to the fight, Themistocles sent Sicinnus to Xerxes, who convinced the Persian king that the Greeks were in near panic, and that if he wanted them not to escape, the Persian fleet should blockade the escape route on the southwestern side of Salamis. Themistocles thus attracted Xerxes into his trap: the Persian fleet was lured into the straits, while at the same time, the Egyptian squadron, one of the best in the Persian navy, remained committed in the blockade and absent from the battle.

## Aftermath

After their victory at Salamis, the Greeks pursued the Persian fleet as far as Andros, but then came to the resolution to continue the chase no further, lest they should inspire the enemy with the courage of despair. Hereupon Themistocles, according to Herodotus, again sent Sicinnus, with others on whom he could depend, to Xerxes, to claim merit with him for having dissuaded the Greeks from intercepting his flight. As a reward for his services, Themistocles afterwards enriched Sicinnus, and obtained for him the citizenship of Thespiae.

### Sikinnis dance

Some have identified the subject of the present article with the Sicinnus who is mentioned by Athenaeus as the reputed inventor of the Sikinnis dance (ἡ σίκιννις, gen.: σικίννιδος) in the satyr play. Athenaeus tells us that, according to some, he was a barbarian, according to others, a Cretan. The dancers were called Sikinnistai (Σικιννισταί).