# Josefina, Zamboanga del Sur

Josefina, officially the Municipality of Josefina (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Josefina; Subanen: Benwa Josefina; Chavacano: Municipalidad de Josefina; Tagalog: Bayan ng Josefina), is a municipality in the province of Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 12,205 people, making it the least populated municipality in the province.

## History

In the early years the lands of which is now Josefina was part of the Municipality of Aurora. In later years, Molave separated from Aurora and became a town; at that time Tambulig and the area now within the jurisdiction of the present municipality were still part of the former. Some years later Tambulig became independent and was recognized as a township with the land of Josefina still tagged as part of its territories. During this time the first Visayan settlers came to live in the area. These settlers came from Tudela, Misamis Occidental, a barrio part of Tambulig was established and was named Bagong Tudela.
Some years passed and the Paredes family, one of the first settlers, was able to acquire properties there and named it "Salug Estate". A member of the family was a rubber technologist at that time and worked in Borneo. He brought along his lessons and expertise and together with the locals, "the Subanen", planted his land with Rubber Trees. By then the Rubber Technologist, Nicholas Paredes, coined the name "New Town" for the new rubber plantation.
With the rubber plantation, the place was then locally called as "Gumahan". This became a new trading center and small businesses came bustling. With the increased activity in this new location it was then christened as "Upper Bagong Tudela". This eventually became the center of the new community.
In the early 1970s, the people of Gumahan and its outlying barrios made a move, through the leadership of Nicholas Paredes, to create a town. They were able to submit the proposal to congress, through the sponsorship of then Cong. Cerilles, and it passed the 2nd congressional reading. When scheduled for the 3rd and final congressional reading, Martial Law was declared dissolving the Congress.
On November 11, 1978, by virtue of Presidential Decree 1240, 13 barangays of Tambulig were separated and formed into the independent municipality Josefina. During this time Nicholas Paredes (who was the point person of the township proposal) stood as the first Mayor (appointed). Mayor Paredes donated the land where now stands the Market Area, the school, the Municipal Hall and the Catholic Church. The town center is also located within the properties of the Paredes family.
Josefina was named after the mother of Congressman Cerilles, who was a known educator in Zamboanga Del Sur.
As to this day Josefina is still commonly known as "Gumahan".

## Geography
### Barangays

Josefina is politically subdivided into 14 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks while some have sitios.
* Bogo Calabat
* Dawa (Diwa)
* Ebarle
* Gumahan (Poblacion)
* Leonardo
* Litapan
* Lower Bagong Tudela
* Mansanas
* Moradji
* Nemeño
* Nopulan
* Sebukang
* Tagaytay Hill
* Upper Bagong Tudela (Poblacion)

### Climate

Climate data for Josefina, Zamboanga del Sur :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 24 (75) | 25 (77) | 26 (79) | 27 (81) | 27 (81) | 27 (81) | 26 (79) | 27 (81) | 27 (81) | 26 (79) | 26 (79) | 25 (77) | 26 (79) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 19 (66) | 19 (66) | 19 (66) | 20 (68) | 21 (70) | 21 (70) | 20 (68) | 20 (68) | 20 (68) | 20 (68) | 20 (68) | 20 (68) | 20 (68) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 69 (2.7) | 44 (1.7) | 37 (1.5) | 29 (1.1) | 87 (3.4) | 137 (5.4) | 131 (5.2) | 141 (5.6) | 143 (5.6) | 134 (5.3) | 68 (2.7) | 53 (2.1) | 1,073 (42.3) |
| Average rainy days | 9.9 | 7.6 | 7.4 | 8.1 | 21.6 | 26.5 | 26.4 | 26.6 | 25.8 | 24.3 | 15.1 | 10.4 | 209.7 |
| Source: Meteoblue ||||||||||||||

## Economy

Poverty incidence of Josefina
* 10
* 20
* 30
* 40
* 50
* 2006 24.40
* 2009 40.93
* 2012 49.49
* 2015 41.17
* 2018 28.08
* 2021 28.92
* Source: Philippine Statistics Authority