OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Edward D. Crippa

Edward David Crippa (April 8, 1899 – October 20, 1960) was an American politician who served as a U.S. Senator from Wyoming.
Crippa was born in Rock Springs, Sweetwater County, Wyoming to an Austrian-born mother, Charlotte Ziller (1876 - 1950) and an Italian-born father, August Crippa (1865 - 1926). His father was reportedly a very respected resident of Rock Springs He had one brother and one sister. He was educated in the public schools of Rock Springs, and during World War I Crippa served as a private in the United States Army.
He served on the Rock Springs city council from 1926 to 1928. He was president of Union Mercantile Company in 1930; owner and manager of Crippa Motor Company in Rock Springs; president of North Side State Bank and director of Rock Springs Fuel Company in 1940; and Wyoming State highway commissioner from 1941 to 1947. In addition, Crippa represented Wyoming on the Republican National Committee.
Crippa was appointed on June 24, 1954, as a Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Lester C. Hunt and served until November 28, 1954. He was not a candidate for election to fill the vacancy and resumed business activities.
Crippa collapsed at 9 am on October 20, 1960 from an apparent heart attack. He was pronounced dead upon arrival to a Rock Springs hospital. He was buried at Rock Springs Cemetery, in Sweetwater County, Wyoming on October 24, 1960.
He was married to Isabelle Martin; they had no children. She would remarry after his death. She would suffer from a fractured hip in 1965 and was bedridden and confined to a wheelchair afterwards, although she was able to get out with the use of a cane. She reportedly fell out of her wheelchair early in the morning on December 8, 1966 at her home in Sweetwater County and died as a result. She was 61. She was buried at Evanston City Cemetery in Evanston, Wyoming.
# Timothy P. Redfield

Timothy Parker Redfield (November 3, 1812 — March 27, 1888) was an American lawyer, politician, and judge. He was most notable for his service as a member of the Vermont Supreme Court from 1870 to 1884.

## Early life

Timothy Redfield was born in Coventry, Vermont on November 3, 1812, the fifth child of Dr. Peleg Redfield and Hannah Parker, a merchant's daughter. In 1806 the family had moved to Coventry in the frontier region of northern Vermont. His father served as town clerk for many years and also represented Coventry in the state legislature from 1812 to 1820. Timothy graduated from Dartmouth College in 1836 with honors, being elected a member of Phi Beta Kappa. He immediately started to study law in the office of his brother Isaac F. Redfield, who was elected that year to the Vermont Supreme Court.

## Career

In 1838 he was admitted to the bar, and from 1838 to 1848 practiced law in Irasburg, the county seat of Orleans County, just to the south of Coventry. He represented Irasburg in the Vermont House of Representatives in 1839 and Orleans County in the Vermont Senate in 1848. Redfield was the unsuccessful Free Soil party candidate for governor in 1851 and the Democratic party candidate in 1863 and 1864. He served on the Vermont State Board of Education from 1860 to 1862. From 1870 to 1884 he served on the Vermont Supreme Court. William H. Walker was named to succeed him, and in 1884 he was the Democratic candidate for U.S. Senate, losing to Justin Smith Morrill.
A portrait of Judge Redfield hangs in the Washington County Courthouse in Montpelier.
Redfield also served on the boards of directors or as an officer of some Vermont organizations. He was one of the founding directors of the National Life Insurance Company in 1848 and served on its board for forty years. He served the Vermont Mutual Fire Insurance Company (now the Vermont Mutual Insurance Group) as director and as vice-president. He was a trustee of Norwich University from 1853 to 1873.
Redfield died in Chicago, Illinois on March 27, 1888. He was buried at Green Mount Cemetery in Montpelier.

## Family

Timothy Redfield married Helen W. Grannis in 1840; they had four children; twin boys who died in infancy in 1853, Frederick (1842-1865), who only lived to be 22, and daughter Alice Melinda (1848-1935), who married a musician named Anthony Phillips. Timothy Redfield died in Chicago where Phillips was employed.
Timothy Redfield's older brother Isaac (1804-1876) served on the Vermont Supreme Court from 1836 to 1859 and as Chief Judge from 1852 to 1859; he was also a respected legal scholar, writing works on railroad law and other subjects. The governor, senator, and Secretary of War Redfield Proctor (1831-1908) was a much younger first cousin of Timothy Redfield, the youngest son of his mother's sister.
# Big Lake Township, Sherburne County, Minnesota

Big Lake Township is a township in Sherburne County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 6,785 at the 2000 census.
Big Lake Township was organized in 1858.

## Geography

Big Lake's geographical location is in a corridor placing it 30 minutes from St. Cloud and 35 minutes from Minneapolis. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 43.8 square miles (113 km$^2$), of which 42.3 square miles (110 km$^2$) is land and 1.5 square miles (3.9 km$^2$) (3.45%) is water.
It is bordered on the south by the Mississippi River.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 6,785 people, 2,106 households, and 1,821 families residing in the township. The population density was 160.4 inhabitants per square mile (61.9/km$^2$). There were 2,165 housing units at an average density of 51.2 per square mile (19.8/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 98.31% White, 0.18% African American, 0.24% Native American, 0.37% Asian, 0.12% Pacific Islander, 0.35% from other races, and 0.44% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.90% of the population.
There were 2,106 households, out of which 51.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 78.5% were married couples living together, 4.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 13.5% were non-families. 8.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.20 and the average family size was 3.42.
In the township the population was spread out, with 33.5% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 35.2% from 25 to 44, 20.4% from 45 to 64, and 4.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.9 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $65,185, and the median income for a family was $66,096. Males had a median income of $42,437 versus $29,884 for females. The per capita income for the township was $22,418. About 0.4% of families and 1.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 2.4% of those age 65 or over.
# Gecarcoidea lalandii

Gecarcoidea lalandii is a large species of terrestrial crab. It is dark purple in colour, with long legs and short pincers. It is nocturnal, so spends most of the day hiding in burrows. Compared to the related G. natalis, G. lalandii is relatively widespread, being found in the Indo-Pacific from the Andaman Islands and eastwards. Adults mainly occur in forest, but can sometimes be found in more open habitats. When carrying eggs, females migrate to the coast, where they release the eggs in the tidal zone. Small adults sometimes fall prey to the crab Geograpsus crinipes.
# Ctenotus pulchellus

Ctenotus pulchellus, the red-sided ctenotus, is a species of skink found in the Northern Territory and Queensland in Australia.
# Boston Bears (soccer)

The Boston Bears were a member of the American Soccer League, competing in 1931 and 1932. The club had originally been known as the Boston Wonder Workers, and had competed in the ASL from 1924 to 1929, as well as the International Soccer League from 1926. After suspending operations during the 1929–1930 season, the club was relaunched and operated as the Boston Bears, until it folded in 1933.

## History

In 1931, the newly renamed club signed new players including Charley O'Hare, a former Wonder Workers star who was released by Brittain Fall River, and Sammy Brown. Other players included Billy Stevenson, who had previously played one or two games with the old Wonder Workers team.
On March 30, 1931, the Bears suffered its worst defeat of the season, losing to the New York Giants at the Polo Grounds 8–1, in front of a crowd of 1500.

## Year-by-year

| Year | Division | League | Reg. Season | Playoffs | U.S. Open Cup |
| Spring 1931 | 1 | ASL | 9th | Did not qualify | Did not enter |
| Fall 1931 | 1 | ASL | 5th | N/A | N/A |
| Spring 1932 | 1 | ASL | 3rd | No playoff | ? |
| Fall 1932 | 1 | ASL | 7th | No playoff | ? |
# Muránska Dlhá Lúka

Muránska Dlhá Lúka (Hungarian: Murányhosszúrét) is a village and municipality in Revúca District in the Banská Bystrica Region of Slovakia.
# Volleyball at the 1977 Summer Universiade

Volleyball events were contested at the 1977 Summer Universiade in Sofia, Bulgaria.

## Men's tournament
### First Round

| Group | A | B | C | D | E | F |
| Teams | Bulgaria Mexico Egypt Belgium | Soviet Union Brazil Turkey Kuwait | Cuba Italy Netherlands Sudan | Yugoslavia Japan Canada Algeria | United States Czechoslovakia Lebanon Greece | South Korea Romania Tunisia |
Top two teams from Groups A, C, and E advance to Group G of the second round, and top two teams from Groups B, D, and F advance to Group H of the second round.

### Second Round

| Group | G | H |
| Teams | Bulgaria Czechoslovakia Cuba Italy Mexico United States | South Korea Soviet Union Japan Brazil Yugoslavia Romania |
Top two teams from each group advance to the semifinals.

### Knockout stages
#### Medal Semifinals

* Czechoslovakia 3-1 Soviet Union
* Bulgaria 3-1 South Korea

#### 5-8th Classification

* Romania 3-0 United States
* Cuba 3-1 Yugoslavia

#### 9-12th Classification

* Japan 3-2 Italy
* Brazil 3-0 Mexico

#### 11th-place match

Brazil 3-? Mexico

#### 9th-place match

Japan 3-? Italy

#### 7th-place match

Yugoslavia 3-2 United States

#### 5th-place match

Romania 3-1 Cuba

#### 3rd Place Match

South Korea 3-2 Soviet Union

#### Final

Bulgaria 3-1 Czechoslovakia

## Medal table

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men's volleyball | Bulgaria (BUL) | Czechoslovakia (TCH) | South Korea (KOR) |
| Women's volleyball | Soviet Union (URS) | Cuba (CUB) | Bulgaria (BUL) |
# Acanthocobitis

Acanthocobitis is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish of the stone loach family, Nemacheilidae. Recent work has suggested that the genus be split into two with the former subgenus Paracanthocobitis being raised to a full species, leaving just the type species, Acanthocobitis pavonacea, in the current genus.

## Species

The following species are included in Acanthocobitis:
* Acanthocobitis longipinnis Peters, 1861
* Acanthocobitis pavonacea (McClelland, 1839) (Spearfin loach)
# 1,8-Diazafluoren-9-one

1,8-Diazafluoren-9-one (DFO) is an aromatic ketone first synthesized in 1950. It is used to find fingerprints on porous surfaces. It makes fingerprints glow when they are lit by blue-green light.
DFO reacts with amino acids present in the fingerprint to form highly fluorescent derivatives. Excitation with light at ~470 nm results in emission at ~570 nm.
# Edward Seymour (Vermont politician)

Edward Seymour (October 26, 1810 – June 15, 1883) was a Vermont farmer, businessman and politician who served as President of the Vermont State Senate.

## Life and politics

Seymour was born in Vergennes, Vermont on October 26, 1810. He graduated from the University of Vermont in 1831 and became a farmer and businessman in Vergennes. In addition to maintaining an interest in the Vermont Agricultural Society, Seymour served as President of the National Bank of Vergennes.
Originally a Whig, Seymour held local offices including Justice of the Peace, and he served in the Vermont House of Representatives from 1847 to 1848.
In 1850 Seymour received a Master of Arts degree from the University of Vermont.
He served in the Vermont Senate from 1850 to 1852, and was Senate President in 1852.
In 1853 Seymour was President of the Vermont Whig Convention.
Seymour became a Republican when the party was founded. He served again in the Vermont House from 1860 to 1861. He was a delegate to the 1870 state constitutional convention, and in 1876 was elected to another term in the Vermont Senate.
Seymour died in Vergennes on June 15, 1883.
# Military patrol at the 1928 Winter Olympics

At the 1928 Winter Olympics, in St. Moritz, Switzerland, a military patrol competition was held. Because of a snowstorm the night before the competition, the start of the event was delayed 45 minutes to the cleaning up of the track. The competition was contested over a 30 km (19 mi) distance with an elevation difference of 1,100 m (3,600 ft). The starting point was on a height of 2,108 m (6,916 ft), the highest point at 2,877 m (9,439 ft), and the goal in the valley at 1,850 m (6,070 ft). Nine countries with 36 military patrol runners participated in this event.
The event was held on Sunday, February 12, 1928. It was originally to be a full Olympic event, but its status was downgraded to that of demonstration sport.
| Place | Team | Time |
| 1 | Norway (Ole Reistad, Leif Skagnæs, Ole Stenen, Reidar Ødegaard) | 3:50:47 |
| 2 | Finland (Eino Hjalmar Kuvaja, Kalle Tuppurainen, Esko Järvinen, Veikko Hannes Ruotsalainen | 3:54:37 |
| 3 | Switzerland (Franz Kunz, Hugo Lehner, Otto Furrer, Anton Julen) | 3:55:04 |
| 4 | Italy (Enrico Silvestri, Daniele Pellissier, Erminio Confortola, Piero Maquignaz) | 4:07:30 |
| 5 | Germany (Franz Raithel, Stefan Kistler, Josef Rehm, Ludwig Mayer) | 4:15:02 ½ |
| 6 | Czechoslovakia (Otakar Německý, Josef Klouček, Jan Bedřich, Robert Möhwald) | 4:15:07 ½ |
| 7 | Poland (Zbigniew Wóycicki, Władysław Żytkowicz, Władysław Czech, Tadeusz Zaydel) | 4:39:45 |
| 8 | Romania (Toma Calista, Constantin Pascu, Ioan Rucăreanu, Ion Zăgănescu) | 5:00:16 |
| 9 | France (Marcel Pourchier, R. Mandrillon, R. Gindre, M. Perrier) | 5:20:26 |
# Alexander Archibald (politician)

Alexander Archibald (December 13, 1869 – February 11, 1922) served as Mayor of Newark, New Jersey, from 1921 until his death the following year.

## Biography

Archibald was born on December 13, 1869, in Scotland to William and Margaret Archibald. He and his parents immigrated to the United States in 1871 and settled in Newark, New Jersey.
After serving on the City Council, Archibald was elected Mayor of Newark in 1921.
He died Saturday, February 11, 1922, after surgery for a brain tumor.
# Usil

Usil is the Etruscan god of the sun, shown to be identified with Apulu (Apollo). His iconic depiction features Usil rising out of the sea, with a fireball in either outstretched hand, on an engraved Etruscan bronze mirror in late Archaic style, formerly on the Roman antiquities market. On Etruscan mirrors in the Classical style, Usil appears with an aureole.
He was identified with Apulu; appearing on an Etruscan mirror from the Vatican dating from the 4th century BC, on which Usil is seen holding the bow of Apulu.
Usil was identified with the Roman Sol and Greek Helios. However, while Usil is depicted as male in some artwork, there are also feminine depictions. There is also a connection with the indigenous Etruscan goddess Catha, who has been interpreted as having a solar character, however she has also been identified with a Lunar character. In artwork, Usil is shown in close association with the dawn goddess Thesan, something almost never seen with Helios and Eos.
Catha has been identified as "Solis Filia" meaning "Sun's Daughter", making Usil her father.

## In the Liver of Piacenza

Since his name appears on the bronze liver of Piacenza, next to Tiur, meaning both "moon" and "month", since then Tiur has been identified as the name of the personification of the moon, but it was most likely a date. The inscriptions on the Pyrgi Tablets confirm that "tiur" was meant as "month" for datations,.
# Charles I d'Amboise

Charles I d'Amboise (1430 - 22 February 1481) was a French politician and military figure, a member of the House of Amboise. He was lord of Chaumont-sur-Loire, Sagonne, Meillant, Charenton-du-Cher. Louis XI appointed him governor of Île-de-France, Champagne and Burgundy. He was admitted to the Order of Saint Michael.

## Family

He was the oldest son of Pierre d'Amboise. He had six children with his wife Catherine de Chauvigny (1447–1485).
* François
* Charles II d'Amboise (1473 - 1511)
* Louis II d'Amboise
* Guy
* Marie, married to Robert II of Saarbrücken-Commercy(† 1504), who was Count of Roucy, and had issue.
* Catherine d'Amboise (1482 - 1549)
# Égletons station

Égletons is a railway station in Égletons, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France. The station is located on the Tulle - Meymac railway line. The station is served by Intercités (long distance) and TER (local) services operated by the SNCF.

## Train services

The station is served by regional trains towards Bordeaux, Brive-la-Gaillarde and Ussel.
| Preceding station | TER Nouvelle-Aquitaine | TER Nouvelle-Aquitaine | TER Nouvelle-Aquitaine | Following station |
| Montaignac-Saint-Hippolytetowards Brive-la-Gaillarde | | 27 | | Meymactowards Ussel |
| Montaignac-Saint-Hippolytetowards Bordeaux | | 32 | | Meymactowards Ussel |
# Lafarge station

Lafarge is a railway station in Lafarge, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France. The station is located on the Limoges-Bénédictins - Périgueux railway line. The station is served by TER (local) services operated by SNCF.
The station is primarily for Saint-Hilaire-les-Places, 2 km away.

## Train services

The following services currently call at Lafarge:
* local service (TER Nouvelle-Aquitaine) Limoges - Thiviers - Périgueux - Bordeaux
| Preceding station | TER Nouvelle-Aquitaine | TER Nouvelle-Aquitaine | TER Nouvelle-Aquitaine | Following station |
| Bussière-Galanttowards Bordeaux | | 31 | | Nexontowards Limoges |
# Khwae Yai River

The Khwae Yai River (Thai: แม่น้ำแควใหญ่, RTGS: Maenam Khwae Yai, IPA:), also known as the Si Sawat (แม่น้ำศรีสวัสดิ์), is a river in western Thailand. It has its source in the Tenasserim Hills and flows for about 380 kilometres (240 mi) through Sangkhla Buri, Si Sawat, and Mueang Districts of Kanchanaburi Province, where it merges with the Khwae Noi to form the Mae Klong River at Pak Phraek.

## History

This river used to be the upper section (before the confluence with the Khwae Noi River) of the Mae Klong River, however, in the 1960s, this river was named the Khwae Yai River, meaning 'Big River.'
In 1980, the Srinagarind Dam (Thai: เขื่อนศรีนครินทร์; rtgs: Khuean Sinakharin) on the Khwae Yai was completed in Si Sawat District of Kanchanaburi Province. It is an embankment dam for river regulation and hydroelectric power generation.

## Bridge

The famous bridge of the Burma Railway crosses the river at Tha Makham Subdistrict of the Mueang District. However, this is not the same bridge as depicted in The Bridge over the River Kwai by Pierre Boulle and in its film adaptation. A bridge was built of wood approximately 100 metres (330 ft) upriver from the current bridge, during the construction of the iron and concrete bridge (which runs in a NNE-SSW direction) and also rebuilt in 1945 when the iron bridge was bombed. No remnants of the wooden bridge remain. That wooden bridge was also not the bridge depicted in the film as the river was not called the Kwai Yai at that time. A wooden trestle bridge was built over the Kwai Noi many miles upstream in the jungle and it would more closely resemble the bridge in the film. However, the film is really a fictional depiction of the events with many inaccuracies and neither bridge can really be said to be that depicted in the film.
Up until the 1960s, the river was considered part of the Mae Klong itself, but this part of the Mae Klong was then renamed Khwae Yai to bring geographical fact more in line with the fictional association with the name River Kwai. The main cemetery of prisoners who died during the railway's construction is nearby and is called the Kanchanaburi War Cemetery.
# Flashnotes

Flashnotes is an online marketplace that allows college students to buy and sell course specific notes, study guides, flashcards and other items to help students study and/or earn money throughout their college years.

## History

In December 2009, Flashnotes was founded by Kent State University student Michael Matousek. After seeing other students struggle in several classes, and hearing them constantly ask to borrow other students' notes, Matousek created a solution that would help classmates by providing additional, student-created study resources. The result was Flashnotes. In 2012, Flashnotes moved to Boston. Flashnotes has partnered with other education companies including Cengage and Barnes and Nobles. In February 2014, this organization raised $3.6M in the funding round that included Stage 1 Ventures, Runa Capital and Atlas Ventures as the main investors. In 2014, Flashnotes purchased Moolaguides, a Florida-based ed-tech start-up. From 2015, the platform was called Luvo. As of 2016, Flashnotes raised up to $14 million from different funding rounds.
In May 2016, Flashnotes was shut down.

## Concept

Flashnotes works a reference tool for college students that are looking for additional help while studying for a variety of college courses. Flashnotes can also be a way for students to make extra money during their college years. Students interested in sharing their notes must create an account with the site. Then, they can upload as many notes as they want, and set their own price for each set of notes. If the notes are sold, the student keeps 70% of the price of the notes, while Flashnotes keeps the other 30%. Once the notes have been uploaded to the site, other students with an account can browse through all of the notes available at their school, narrow the search by course number or subject, or even search through all of the notes available from students at other colleges and universities throughout the country.

## Schools

Flashnotes is currently being used to buy and sell notes at 367 colleges and universities throughout the United States and Bishop's University in Sherbrooke, Quebec. If a user is the first person to upload notes from their school, that college or university will be added to the list of schools as soon as the notes have been uploaded.
# Lagoa Vermelha

Lagoa Vermelha is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. As of 2020, the estimated population was 27,778.

## Geography
### Climate

Climate data for Lagoa Vermelha (1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 27.1 (80.8) | 27.2 (81.0) | 26.0 (78.8) | 23.4 (74.1) | 19.7 (67.5) | 18.3 (64.9) | 18.0 (64.4) | 19.6 (67.3) | 20.1 (68.2) | 23.4 (74.1) | 25.1 (77.2) | 26.7 (80.1) | 22.9 (73.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 21.2 (70.2) | 21.0 (69.8) | 19.9 (67.8) | 17.3 (63.1) | 13.9 (57.0) | 12.9 (55.2) | 11.9 (53.4) | 13.3 (55.9) | 14.2 (57.6) | 17.4 (63.3) | 18.9 (66.0) | 20.4 (68.7) | 16.9 (62.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 16.5 (61.7) | 16.6 (61.9) | 15.6 (60.1) | 13.1 (55.6) | 9.9 (49.8) | 9.2 (48.6) | 7.7 (45.9) | 8.7 (47.7) | 9.9 (49.8) | 12.9 (55.2) | 14.1 (57.4) | 15.5 (59.9) | 12.5 (54.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 133.7 (5.26) | 130.9 (5.15) | 118.1 (4.65) | 119.2 (4.69) | 133.7 (5.26) | 133.1 (5.24) | 130.8 (5.15) | 128.5 (5.06) | 191.4 (7.54) | 198.2 (7.80) | 156.5 (6.16) | 114.0 (4.49) | 1,688.1 (66.46) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 193.5 | 186.2 | 191.3 | 170.8 | 152.6 | 124.1 | 160.0 | 159.5 | 149.0 | 155.6 | 171.0 | 195.7 | 2,009.3 |
| Source: Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia ||||||||||||||