OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mirabelle plum

Mirabelle plum (Prunus domestica subsp. syriaca) is a cultivar group of plum trees of the genus Prunus. It is believed that the plum was cultivated from a wild fruit grown in Anatolia.

## Description

The mirabelle is identified by its small, oval shape, smooth-textured flesh, and especially by its red, or dark yellow colour which becomes flecked in appearance. They are known for being sweet and full of flavour. The fruit is primarily used in fruit preserves and dessert pies, and its juice is commonly fermented for wine or distilled into plum brandy. Some 90% of mirabelle plums grown commercially are made into either jam (70%) or eau de vie (20%).
The mirabelle reaches maturity and is harvested from July to mid-September in the Northern Hemisphere. The traditional method of shaking the trees is now mechanized, but the principle remains the same: the ripe fruits are shaken loose and collected in a net under the tree.
* Mirabelle plums
* Dried Mirabelle plums

## Cultivars

The following cultivars are considered part of the Mirabelle cultivar group:
* Mirabelle de Nancy
* Mirabelle de Metz

## Mirabelle de Lorraine

The mirabelle is a speciality of the French region of Lorraine, which has an ideal climate and soil composition for the cultivation of this fruit. This region produces 15,000 tons of mirabelle plums annually, which constitutes 80% of global commercial production.
There are two main cultivars grown for fruit production, derived from cherry plums grown in Nancy and Metz. The Metz type is smaller, less hard, and less sweet, and has no small red spots on the skin. It is very good for jam, while the Nancy type is better as fresh fruit as it is sweeter.
Since 1996 the mirabelle de Lorraine has been recognized and promoted by the EU as a high-quality regional product, with a Protected Geographical Indication (PGI). This label guarantees a minimum fruit size (22 mm) and sugar content, and can only be used in a specific geographical zone of production.
The city of Metz dedicates two weeks to the Mirabelle plum during the popular Mirabelle Festival held in August. During the festival, in addition to open markets selling fresh prunes, mirabelle tarts, and mirabelle liquor, there is live music, fireworks, parties, art exhibits, a parade with floral floats and competition, and the crowning of the Mirabelle Queen and a gala of celebration.

## Appellation protection

Import of mirabelles to the United States is generally restricted.
# Melvin R. Laird Sr.

Melvin Robert Laird Sr. (August 7, 1878 – March 19, 1946) was an American businessman, Presbyterian minister, and Republican politician from Wood County, Wisconsin. He served five years as a member of the Wisconsin Senate, representing Wisconsin's 24th Senate district from 1941 until his death in 1946. He was succeeded by his son, Melvin R. Laird Jr., who went on to become United States Secretary of Defense and Domestic Policy Advisor to President Richard Nixon.

## Biography

Melvin Laird was born on a farm in Maysville, Illinois, in 1878. He attended rural schools and high school, then went on to attend the University of Illinois, where he earned his bachelor's degree. He continued his education, earning his master's from Princeton University and his Doctor of Divinity from Millikin University. He taught school and later became principal of the Barry, Illinois, high school, and president of Lincoln College, Illinois. He then became a Presbyterian minister at churches in Prairie du Sac, Wisconsin, Lincoln, Illinois, and Omaha, Nebraska.
During World War I, he was inducted into the United States Army as a chaplain with the rank of first lieutenant. He was assigned to the 335th Infantry Regiment, 84th Division, and deployed to France for a year.
After the war, he moved to Marshfield, Wisconsin, where he worked as office manager for the Connor Lumber and Land Company. He was elected to the board of supervisors of Wood County, Wisconsin, and ultimately served 14 years on the board. In 1940, he was elected to the Wisconsin Senate, running on the Republican Party ticket. He represented the 24th Senate district and was re-elected in 1944.
He died in Rochester, Minnesota. His son, Melvin R. Laird, was elected in a special election to succeed his father.
# Jaunauce Parish

Jaunauce Parish (Latvian: Jaunauces pagasts) is an administrative unit of Saldus Municipality in the Semigallia region of Latvia.
# Modern pentathlon at the 1984 Summer Olympics

The modern pentathlon at the 1984 Summer Olympics was represented by two events: Individual competition and Team competition. As it was usual in Olympic modern pentathlon until 1992, a single competition was held to determine both the individual and the team (country) ranking. In particular, the sum of each competitor's individual score from the same country determined the Team competition event result.
The competition consisted of 5 disciplines:
* Equestrian, held on July 29.
* Fencing, held on July 30.
* Swimming, held on July 31.
* Shooting, held on August 1.
* Cross-country, also held on August 1.
Four out of the five events took place at the Coto Equestrian Center in Coto de Caza, California, while the swimming portion was held at the William Woollett Jr. Aquatics Center in nearby Irvine, California.

## Participating nations

A total of 52 athletes from 18 nations competed at the Los Angeles Games:
* Australia (3)
* Austria (3)
* Bahrain (3)
* Chinese Taipei (1)
* Egypt (3)
* Finland (3)
* France (3)
* Great Britain (3)
* Italy (3)
* Japan (3)
* Mexico (3)
* Portugal (3)
* South Korea (3)
* Spain (3)
* Sweden (3)
* Switzerland (3)
* United States (3)
* West Germany (3)

## Medal summary

| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Individual details | Daniele Masala Italy | Svante Rasmuson Sweden | Carlo Massullo Italy |
| Team details | Italy (ITA) Daniele Masala Pier Paolo Cristofori Carlo Massullo | United States (USA) Michael Storm Robert Gregory Losey Dean Glenesk | France (FRA) Paul Four Didier Boube Joël Bouzou |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Italy (ITA) | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| 2 | Sweden (SWE) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2 | United States (USA) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 4 | France (FRA) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (4 entries) | Totals (4 entries) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 |
# Hossein Marashi

Hossein Marashi (Persian: حسین مرعشی; born 17 November 1958 in Rafsanjan) is an Iranian politician. He served as the Iranian Vice President for Cultural Heritage and Tourism from 2003 to 2005. Prior to that, Marashi represented Kerman in the Iranian parliament. He strongly backed opposition candidate Mousavi in the 2009 Iranian election. Marashi is also reportedly a close ally of Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, another former president. He has been secretary general of the Executives of Construction Party. He has been named the head of vice-president Eshaq Jahangiri's campaign.
He was the head of the province of Kerman for nearly nine years. He founded a Kerman-based charity by the name of Mol-Al-Movahedin Charity (or Non-Profit) Institute, which owns Mahan Air, an Iranian private airline. In 2011, the charity was involved in a scandal when it was accused of buying airplanes on behalf of Mahan Air. The airline had been facing sanctions by the United States Department of the Treasury for allegedly transporting weapons and advisors to troubled areas such as Syria and Yemen. The claim that firm had any connection with these political actives was denied by members of its board, and Marashi himself.
As the head of the Cultural Heritage Organization of Iran, Marashi increased the budget of the organization. However, some of Marashi's opponents believe that he was responsible for the disappearance of invaluable historical pieces, and the destruction of historical buildings. These opponents claim that despite public pressure, he never took any action to stop the destruction of historical artifacts. Marashi supported the construction of the controversial Sivand Dam in the territory of Pasargadae. The dam was constructed in proximity to the ancient city, and experts believe that if the dam burst, it could destroy several UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
On March 19, 2010, it was announced that Marashi had been jailed in Iran, when a court of appeals upheld his one-year prison term. He was released from prison earlier than that, on January 25, 2011.
Marashi is a cousin of former president Rafsanjani's wife, Effat Marashi.
# Turtle Diary (novel)

Turtle Diary is a 1975 British book by author Russell Hoban.
Set in London, the novel concerns two lonely middle-aged people who unexpectedly form a connection over captive green turtles.
In 1985 the book was adapted into a film of the same name.
The novel was later reissued by NYRB Classics and Penguin Modern Classics in the U.S. and the U.K. respectively.

## Summary

William G. is a divorced book seller who is estranged from his two daughters. Wandering into the London Zoo aquarium he is drawn to a set of green turtles and begins to learn about them. At the same time, popular children's author Neara H. is similarly drawn to the green turtles. Independently each befriends the turtle keeper, George Fairburn, and asks about freeing the turtles. Surprisingly Fairburn is amenable to the idea.
William and Neara meet when Neara goes to William's bookshop. Each recognizes in the other a kindred spirit and though neither is seeking to make a connection they reluctantly decide to collaborate to help Fairburn free the turtles.
On the appointed day, William and Neara rent a truck and travel to Polperro where Neara had suggested launching the turtles, unaware that the town is the one William was born in. Their mission is a success and they are both briefly elated, though returning to London both drop their connection.
Each feels that despite their initial euphoria the turtles have not changed them in any substantial way. However Neara begins a relationship with George while William ends one he had with his coworker, Harriet, and physically fights Sandor, one of the fellow boarders at his rooming house.

## Reception

Kirkus Reviews praised the novel as "Immensely entertaining." Ed Park, who wrote the introduction to the NYRB Classics 2013 reprint, called it "The Lost Great Novel of Middle Age". Bookforum called the novel "a quiet masterpiece".
# Elmer D. Morse

Elmer D. Morse (April 6, 1844 – February 13, 1921) was a Republican member of the Wisconsin State Senate.

## Biography

Morse was born in Madison, New York on April 6, 1844. He came to Princeton, Wisconsin with his parents at the age of three.
He entered the Army at the age of 16 in 1861, serving four years, and attending school for one year after being discharged. He was later employed in the lumber, grain, and produce business. At the organization of the Princeton State Bank in 1893, he was elected vice-president. When the Montello State Bank was organized a few years later, he became its president. While he had always taken an active part in politics, he had never held a political office, until he was elected to the Wisconsin State Senate. Morse died on February 13, 1921.
# Máté Kiss

Máté Kiss (born 30 April 1991, in Győr) is a Hungarian football player who currently plays for Győri ETO FC.

## Career

Kiss began his career with Győri ETO FC and was in 2008 promoted to the senior team; he gave his debut on 10 April 2009 against MTK Hungária FC.

## International career

He presented his country at 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup in Egypt. He played three games and his sole goal scored became the Goal of the Tournament.

## Club statistics

| Club | Season | League | League | Cup | Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Europe | Europe | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Győr |
| Győr | 2007–08 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 |
| Győr | 2008–09 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 3 |
| Győr | 2009–10 | 9 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 0 |
| Győr | 2010–11 | 18 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 19 | 1 |
| Győr | 2011–12 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 2 |
| Győr | Total | 40 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 30 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 75 | 6 |
| Siófok |
| Siófok | 2012–13 | 18 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 2 |
| Siófok | Total | 18 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 2 |
| Mezőkövesd |
| Mezőkövesd | 2013–14 | 18 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 1 |
| Mezőkövesd | Total | 18 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 1 |
| Career Total | | 76 | 4 | 10 | 0 | 40 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 127 | 9 |
Updated to games played as of 11 May 2014.

## Honours

* FIFA U-20 World Cup:
** Third place: 2009
# Volleyball at the 1995 All-Africa Games

Volleyball at the 1995 All-Africa Games was held in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe for both genders men and women.

## Events
### Medal summary

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men details | Egypt | Cameroon | Nigeria |
| Women details | Kenya | Nigeria | Egypt |

### Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Egypt | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 2 | Kenya | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 3 | Nigeria | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 4 | Cameroon | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Totals (4 entries) | Totals (4 entries) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 |
# Weightlifting at the 1984 Summer Olympics

The weightlifting competition at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles consisted of ten weight classes. The 1984 Summer Olympics boycott meant that the most dominant forces in weightlifting at the time, the USSR and Bulgaria, did not take part. This left the field wide open for others.

## Medal summary

| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Flyweight –52 kg details | Zeng Guoqiang China | Zhou Peishun China | Kazushito Manabe Japan |
| Bantamweight 52–56 kg details | Wu Shude China | Lai Runming China | Masahiro Kotaka Japan |
| Featherweight 56–60 kg details | Chen Weiqiang China | Gelu Radu Romania | Tsai Wen-yee Chinese Taipei |
| Lightweight 60–67.5 kg details | Yao Jingyuan China | Andrei Socaci Romania | Jouni Grönman Finland |
| Middleweight 67.5–75 kg details | Karl-Heinz Radschinsky West Germany | Jacques Demers Canada | Dragomir Cioroslan Romania |
| Light-heavyweight 75–82.5 kg details | Petre Becheru Romania | Robert Kabbas Australia | Ryoji Isaoka Japan |
| Middle-heavyweight 82.5–90 kg details | Nicu Vlad Romania | Petre Dumitru Romania | Peter Mercer Great Britain |
| First-heavyweight 90–100 kg details | Rolf Milser West Germany | Vasile Groapa Romania | Pekka Niemi Finland |
| Heavyweight 100–110 kg details | Norberto Oberburger Italy | Stefan Tasnadi Romania | Guy Carlton United States |
| Super heavyweight +110 kg details | Dean Lukin Australia | Mario Martinez United States | Manfred Nerlinger West Germany |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | China (CHN) | 4 | 2 | 0 | 6 |
| 2 | Romania (ROU) | 2 | 5 | 1 | 8 |
| 3 | West Germany (FRG) | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| 4 | Australia (AUS) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 5 | Italy (ITA) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 6 | United States (USA) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 7 | Canada (CAN) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 8 | Japan (JPN) | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 9 | Finland (FIN) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 10 | Chinese Taipei (TPE) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 10 | Great Britain (GBR) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (11 entries) | Totals (11 entries) | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 |
# Arshin

Arshin may refer to:
* Arşın, old Turkish unit of length corresponding to a yard known as aršin among South Slavs
* Arshin (length), old Russian unit of length, similar to Turkish arşın
* Arshin, Astrakhan Oblast, a rural locality in Russia
# Brian Kozlowski

Brian Scott Kozlowski (born October 4, 1970) is an American former professional football tight end. He was originally signed by the New York Giants as an undrafted free agent in 1993. He played college football at Connecticut.

## Early life

As a high schooler, Kozlowski was team MVP and an All-County pick on offense for his high school, Webster High School. He also got second-team honors for defense plus he played lacrosse.

## College career

In college, Kozlowski was known for being consistent as he started at tight end for 43 straight games. In the second game of his career as a freshman, he won the starting job. He caught 43 passes for 526 yards with a touchdown in 1992, his final college season. He was part of the group of receivers that set a school record for most receptions by three different receivers in 1991 with 207. He is one of only four true freshmen at the University of Connecticut to earn a varsity letter. Kozlowski's best game as a college player came against Villanova as the sophomore caught ten passes. The Brian Kozlowski Award is given annually in honor of Kozlowski for his hard work, effort and dedication to the game. In college, Brian achieved notoriety in college by dating Rebecca Lobo. The couple were awarded the "Husky" couple award in 1991.

## Professional career

Kozlowski was signed as an undrafted free agent by the New York Giants in May 1993. He played three years with the Giants. After becoming a free agent, Kozlowski signed with the Atlanta Falcons. Most of his career productivity came playing for the Falcons. Playing for the Falcons, he went to Super Bowl XXXIII, caught one pass for five yards but ended up losing 34–19 to the Denver Broncos. At the end of the 2000 season, Kozlowski re-signed with the Falcons. He did the same thing at the end of the 2001 and 2002 seasons. He declared free agency after the 2003 season and signed with the Washington Redskins only to be cut in October 2004. Kozlowski appeared in all 16 games for the Washington Redskins in 2005 with two receptions for 26 yards. After Clinton Portis broke his hand in a Week 10 loss to the Philadelphia Eagles and was placed on the injured reserve for the remainder of the 2006 season, the Redskins re-signed Kozlowski to use him mostly as a blocker and on special teams. Kozlowski finished his career with 85 receptions for 978 yards and eight touchdowns.

## Personal life

Kozlowski has a wife, Ellen and two daughters, Paris and Shea. They currently reside in California.
# Poekilocerus

Poekilocerus is a genus of grasshoppers in the family Pyrgomorphidae and the monotypic tribe Poekilocerini. Species are found in the northern half of Africa, and in Southwest and South Asia, often in arid or semi-arid areas.
Adults are typically about 3–7 cm (1.2–2.8 in) long, with females generally larger than males of the same species. The genus includes both highly toxic species with contrasting aposematic colours and species with duller colours suitable for camouflage.

## Species

The Orthoptera Species File lists the following:
* Poekilocerus arabicus Uvarov, 1922
* Poekilocerus bufonius Klug, 1832 (3 subspecies)
* Poekilocerus calotropidis Karsch, 1888
* Poekilocerus geniplanus Gupta & Chandra, 2016
* Poekilocerus pictus (Fabricius, 1775) - type species (as Gryllus pictus Fabricius)
# Day of the founding of the German Empire

The Day of the founding of the German Empire (German: Reichsgründungstag) was an annual celebration on the anniversary of the proclamation of the German Empire on 18 January 1871 in the Palace of Versailles.
The North German Confederation had already officially adopted the name "German Reich" in its Constitution by 1 January 1871, so constitutionally speaking, 18 January was not the day of the founding.

## Celebrations

Celebrations were held annually on 18 January. At centralised and local events, patriotic speeches were held and songs such as Heil dir im Siegerkranz, the unofficial anthem of the empire were sung. Celebrations also took place publicly during the Weimar Republic (1919–1933) and with the participation of high dignitaries. Nazi Germany only celebrated the founding of the German Empire in the beginning.
East Germany completely abolished this custom. On 18 January 1971, West Germany issued a motif of special stamps for the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Empire on 30 Pfennig stamps (Michel catalogue 658 and 385) designed by the Deutsche Bundespost Berlin. This corresponded to the rate for a standard letter at the time. On 24 November 1971, a commemorative coin was struck with a nominal value of five Deutsche Marks which paid tribute to the same event.
Some adherents of the political right continued this tradition. Also, some student connections celebrated Reichsgründungskneipen (Imperial Founding Pubs).
* Reichspräsident Paul von Hindenburg leaving the Berlin Cathedral after the celebrations in 1931.
* Rudolf Smend speaking in 1933 at the celebrations in the auditorium of Berlin's Humboldt University.
* Deutsche Bundespost (1971) issued this stamp on the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Empire - an imperial eagle with the imperial crown.
# Charles Mulberger

Charles Mulberger (November 1, 1873 – November 17, 1931) was an American lawyer, businessman, and Democratic politician from Watertown, Wisconsin. He was the 39th mayor of Waterford and served two terms in the Wisconsin Senate, representing the 33rd Senate district from 1915 to 1923. His father, Henry Mulberger Sr., and two brothers, Henry Jr. and Arthur, also served as mayors of Watertown.

## Background

Born in Watertown on November 1, 1873, son of Henry Mulberger Sr. and Mathilda Wolf Mulberger, attended the local public schools and Watertown High School. He graduated from University of Wisconsin Law School in 1894. He was the manager of Global Milling Company for twenty years.

## Public office

He served four years on Watertown's Common Council, and four as president of the city fire and police commission, and was mayor of Watertown from 1915 to 1921, a title previously held by his father (Henry Mulberger Sr.) and two of his brothers, Henry Jr. and Arthur (whom he succeeded). In 1914, Mulberger was elected to the Wisconsin State Senate from Wisconsin's 33rd State Senate district (Jefferson and Waukesha counties) as a Democrat, with 5,890 votes, to 5,157 for Republican Frank Foote, 61 for Prohibitionist J. A. McKenzie, and 28 for Socialist Gus. Voight. (Republican incumbent George E. Hoyt was not a candidate.) He was assigned to the standing committee on corporations. He was re-elected in 1918, with 5,294 votes to 1,014 for Socialist George Neu. He moved to the committee on state affairs, and to the committee on committees. He gained statewide attention as the author of the 1919 "Mulberger Act", which provided for enforcement of the Prohibition Amendment, but legalized the sale of near beer with up to 2.75% alcohol content (the latter provision was eventually defeated in court). In 1922, he was defeated by Republican John C. Schumann, who drew 10,865 votes to Mulberger's 3,794.
Mulberger ran once more for mayor of Watertown, but came in third in a tight three-way race, with 1271 votes to 1461 for J. E. McAdams and 1406 for A. H. Hartwig. In 1928, he was the Democratic nominee for Wisconsin Secretary of State, losing to incumbent Republican Theodore Dammann, who drew 627,244 votes to 232,797 for Mulberger, 36,734 for Socialist Leo Krzycki, 6,517 for Prohibitionist W. C. Pickering, and 1,510 for Peter Ordanoff of the Workers' Party.

## Later years

Mulberger continued to live in the family home at 311 S. Washington Street (now part of the South Washington Street Historic District). He had suffered a severe stroke in 1927, but continued in the occasional practice of law. He died November 16, 1931, of apoplexy, leaving a widow not named in his obituaries.
# Damson gin

Damson gin is a liqueur, usually homemade, made from damson plums macerated in a sugar and gin syrup for eight weeks or more. Vodka is sometimes used in place of the gin. The proof will vary somewhat but generally is around 44.
Damson gin is especially popular in Britain. The plums are ripe in early September and the liqueur can be used as a Christmas treat. Greengage gin is an alternative beverage.
Averell Damson Gin is produced by the American Gin Co. and is an American take on the beverage. Rather than steeping the damson plums in gin, Averell is made by combining the fresh juice of the fruit with gin and sugar.