OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Green Berry Samuels

Green Berry Samuels (February 1, 1806 – January 5, 1859) was a Virginia lawyer, politician and judge.

## Early life

Born in Shenandoah County, Virginia on February 6, 1806, Green Berry Samuels was a son of Isaac Samuels (1762–1819) and Elizabeth Pennybacker (1766–1824). He received a private classical education, then he studied law at Winchester Law School under Judge Henry St. George Tucker Sr.
On April 12, 1831, Samuels married Maria Gore Coffman and they had 5 children who reached adulthood: Elizabeth Margaret Samuels, Isaac Pennybacker Samuels, Anna Maria Samuels, Green Berry Samuels, Jr., and Samuel Coffman Samuels.

## Career

Samuels was admitted to the bar in 1827 and began his legal practice at Woodstock, Virginia, the Shenandoah county seat. Voters of Virginia's 16th congressional district elected him as a Democrat to the Twenty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1839 – March 3, 1841), where he succeeded his cousin Isaac Samuels Pennybacker, a congressman and later senator from Virginia. However, Samuels chose not to see re-election, so William A. Harris succeeded him until population losses in the next census caused Virginia to lose that congressional seat.
Voters from Shenandoah, Hardy and Warren Counties elected Samuels as one of their four delegates to the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1850, alongside William Seymour, Giles Cook and Samuel C. Williams, but Samuels resigned on December 10, 1850, after legislators elected him a judge of the circuit court. Mark Bird then succeeded him at the convention. Two years later, in 1852, legislators elected Samuels to the Court of Appeals.

## Death

Green Berry Samuels died suddenly in Richmond, Virginia on January 5, 1859, at the age of 52. His remains were returned to Woodstock for burial in the Old Lutheran Graveyard (Emanuel Lutheran Church Cemetery).
# 1832 in Norway

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events in the year 1832 in Norway.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Charles III John.

## Events

* 11 June - 25 June – The Norwegian ultramarathoner Mensen Ernst ran about 2,500 kilometres (1,600 mi) from Paris to Moscow in 14 days.

## Arts and literature

* The newspaper Drammens Tidende is established.
* Det Dramatiske Selskab in Tromsø is founded.

## Births

* 19 March – Frantz Bruun, priest (d.1908)
* 27 May – Laura Gundersen, actor (d.1898)
* 22 July – Ananias Dekke, ships designer (died 1892).
* 1 August – Andreas Olsen Sæhlie, farmer, distillery owner and politician (d. 1895).
* 20 September – Marie Wexelsen, writer (died 1911).
* 13 October – Johan Wilhelm Eide, printer, publisher and newspaper editor (died 1896).
* 8 December – Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, writer and the 1903 Nobel Prize in Literature laureate (d.1910).
* 15 December – Wilhelm Christopher Christophersen, diplomat (d.1913)

### Full date unknown

* Nils Henrik Bruun, engineer (d.1916)
* Jens Andersen Hagen, politician
* Anders Heyerdahl, violinist, composer and folk music collector (d.1918)
* Knud Knudsen, photographer (d.1915)
* Bernt Julius Muus, Lutheran minister (d.1900)

## Deaths

* 28 January - Carsten Tank, politician (b.1766)
* 3 November - Gabriel Lund, merchant and representative at the Norwegian Constituent Assembly (b.1773)
# Sidney T. Holmes

Sidney Tracy Holmes (August 14, 1815 – January 16, 1890) was a U.S. Representative from New York.
Born in Schaghticoke, New York, Holmes moved with his parents to Morrisville, New York in 1819. He attended the public schools, graduated from Morrisville Academy and Waterville Seminary, and taught school.
Holmes later worked as a civil engineer, and was employed on the Chenango and Black River Canals and the New York and Erie Railroad.
He later studied law with his father Epenetus Holmes, an attorney and Judge. Sidney T. Holmes attained admission to the bar in 1841 and commenced practice in Morrisville.
He was a Loan commissioner for Madison County from 1848 to 1851, responsible for obtaining approval for and overseeing expenditure of money borrowed for public works improvements.
From 1851 to 1864 Holmes served as Judge of the Madison County Court and county Surrogate Judge.
He was a supporter of the Union in the American Civil War. In addition to aiding in recruiting efforts, in 1862 he served as a Loan Commissioner for funds borrowed to train and equip soldiers from Madison County.
Holmes was elected as a Republican to the Thirty-ninth Congress (March 4, 1865 – March 3, 1867). He was not a candidate for renomination in 1866.
He resumed the practice of law in Morrisville. For three years he practiced in Utica as the partner of Roscoe Conkling.
In 1872 Holmes traveled in the western United States while attempting to restore his failing health, and was impressed with the activity and possibilities of Bay City, Michigan. He moved there permanently, and continued to practice law.
In 1873 Sidney T. Holmes had invested in S.T. Holmes Planing Mill, Sash, Door & Blind Factory, Grand Rapids, Michigan. It would be the first west side water power canal factory to be completely operated by wheelhouse cable power. By 1876 this same factory would be known as Holmes, Parker & Co. a picture frames and moldings factory in partnership with Francis A. Parker.
Holmes died in Bay City on January 16, 1890. He was interred in Cedar Street Cemetery, Morrisville, New York.

## Sources

* United States Congress. "Sidney T. Holmes (id: H000742)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
U.S. House of Representatives :
| Preceded byDeWitt Clinton Littlejohn | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 22nd congressional district 1865–1867 | Succeeded byJohn C. Churchill |
This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
# Dar Ghias

Dar Ghias (Persian: دارغياث, also Romanized as Dār Ghīās̄ and Dar Gheyās̄; also known as Dār Qīyes, Darreh Qanās, Darreh Qīās, and Darreh Qīyās) is a village in Babarashani Rural District, Chang Almas District, Bijar County, Kurdistan province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 256, in 66 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Short-track speed skating at the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics – Mixed team relay

The mixed team relay in short track speed skating at the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics was held on 20 February at the Gjøvik Olympic Cavern Hall.

## Results

    QA – qualified for Final A
    QB – qualified for Final B
    PEN – penalty

### Semifinals

| Rank | Semifinal | Team | Athletes | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 1 | Team 3 | Petra Jászapáti (HUN) Julia Moore (AUS) Tjerk de Boer (NED) Kiichi Shigehiro (JPN) | 4:15.332 | QA |
| 2 | 1 | Team 5 | Gloria Ioriatti (ITA) Anna Seidel (GER) Aaron Heo (USA) Hong Kyung-hwan (KOR) | 4:16.056 | QA |
| 3 | 1 | Team 8 | Shione Kaminaga (JPN) Gioya Lancee (NED) Moritz Kreuseler (GER) Ma Wei (CHN) | 4:27.607 | QB |
| | 1 | Team 4 | Gong Li (CHN) Lee Su-youn (KOR) Shaoang Liu (HUN) Yerkebulan Shamukhanov (KAZ) | | PEN |
| 1 | 2 | Team 6 | Katrin Manoilova (BUL) Anita Nagay (KAZ) Kārlis Krūzbergs (LAT) Kazuki Yoshinaga (JPN) | 4:15.669 | QA |
| 2 | 2 | Team 2 | Ane Farstad (NOR) Kim Ji-yoo (KOR) Stijn Desmet (BEL) Quentin Fercoq (FRA) | 4:16.206 | QA |
| 3 | 1 | Team 1 | April Shin (USA) Zang Yize (CHN) Pavel Sitnikov (RUS) András Sziklási (HUN) | 4:18.683 | QB |
| 4 | 2 | Team 7 | Yelizaveta Kuznetsova (RUS) Angelina Tarasova (RUS) Martinius Elvebakken (NOR) Hwang Dae-heon (KOR) | 4:20.469 | QB |

### Final B

| Rank | Team | Athletes | Time |
| 4 | Team 8 | Shione Kaminaga (JPN) Gioya Lancee (NED) Moritz Kreuseler (GER) Ma Wei (CHN) | 4:22.198 |
| 5 | Team 7 | Yelizaveta Kuznetsova (RUS) Angelina Tarasova (RUS) Martinius Elvebakken (NOR) Hwang Dae-heon (KOR) | 4:23.553 |
| 6 | Team 1 | April Shin (USA) Zang Yize (CHN) Pavel Sitnikov (RUS) András Sziklási (HUN) | 4:25.169 |

### Final A

| Team | Athletes | Time | Notes |
| Team 2 | Ane Farstad (NOR) Kim Ji-yoo (KOR) Stijn Desmet (BEL) Quentin Fercoq (FRA) | 4:14.413 | |
| Team 3 | Petra Jászapáti (HUN) Julia Moore (AUS) Tjerk de Boer (NED) Kiichi Shigehiro (JPN) | 4:14.495 | |
| Team 6 | Katrin Manoilova (BUL) Anita Nagay (KAZ) Kārlis Krūzbergs (LAT) Kazuki Yoshinaga (JPN) | 4:17.181 | |
| Team 5 | Gloria Ioriatti (ITA) Anna Seidel (GER) Aaron Heo (USA) Hong Kyung-hwan (KOR) | | PEN |
# Gelinpınar, Mazgirt

Gelinpınar (Kurdish: Şomî) is a village in the Mazgirt District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Şadiyan and Xiran tribes and had a population of 34 in 2021.
The hamlet of Velişeyh is attached to the village.
# 1838 in Norway

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events in the year 1838 in Norway.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Charles III John.

## Events

* 1 January – Fulfilling a law from 1837 all parishes form the bases for the establishment of altogether 396 formannskapsdistrikts, the precursor of municipalities.

## Births

* 10 January – Johan Christopher Brun, pharmacist and politician (d.1914)
* 12 March – Johan Gerhard Theodor Ameln, politician (d.1917)
* 23 March – Johan Christian Heuch, bishop and politician (d.1904)
* 28 December – Albert Marius Jacobsen, military officer and politician (d.1909)
* 31 December – Jacob Aall Bonnevie, politician and Minister (d.1904)

### Full date unknown

* Ludvig Aubert, politician and Minister (d.1896)
* Edvard Hans Hoff, politician and Minister (d.1933)
* Christian Johansen Ihlen, politician
* Ole C. Johnson, soldier in the American Civil War (d.1886)
* Anders Nicolai Kiær, statistician (d.1919)
* Christian Homann Schweigaard, politician and Prime Minister (d.1899)

## Deaths

* 10 March – Jonas Greger Walnum, politician (b.1771)
* 27 June - Nils Christian Frederik Hals, military officer (b.1758)
* 20 November - Syvert Amundsen Eeg, farmer and politician (b.1757).
* 29 December – Søren Christian Sommerfelt, priest and botanist (b. 1794).
# William Johnston (congressman)

William Johnston (1819 – May 1, 1866) was an American lawyer and politician who served one term as a U.S. Representative from Ohio from 1863 to 1865.

## Biography

Born on the island of Ireland (the entirety of which was then part of the U.K.) in 1819, Johnston immigrated to the United States and settled in Ohio. He attended the public schools. He studied law. He was admitted to the bar and practiced in Mansfield, Ohio, from 1859 to 1863.
Johnston was elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-eighth Congress (March 4, 1863 – March 3, 1865). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1864 to the Thirty-ninth Congress. He resumed the practice of law.

### Death

He died in Mansfield, Ohio, May 1, 1866. He was interred in Mansfield Cemetery.

## Sources

* United States Congress. "William Johnston (id: J000201)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
U.S. House of Representatives :
| Preceded bySamuel Shellabargar | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Ohio's 8th congressional district 1863-1865 | Succeeded byJames R. Hubbell |
# Sagrada Família, Rio Grande do Sul

Sagrada Família is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. As of 2020, the estimated population was 2,605.
# Appenzeller cheese

Appenzeller cheese (German pronunciation: ) is a hard cow's-milk cheese produced in the Appenzellerland region of northeast Switzerland, in the two modern-day cantons of Appenzell Innerrhoden and Appenzell Ausserrhoden. It is classified as a Swiss-type or Alpine cheese.

## History

Cheese from Appenzellerland has a documented history of at least 700 years, being first mentioned in a document from 1282. However, the manufacturing process is not mentioned and may have been different from currently.
About 75 dairies produce Appenzeller, each with a different recipe for their brine wash. Most of the recipes are trade secrets.

## Production

An herbal brine, sometimes incorporating wine or cider, is applied to the wheels of cheese while they cure, which flavors and preserves the cheese while promoting the formation of a rind.

## Variants

The cheese is straw-colored, with tiny holes and a golden rind. It has a strong smell and a nutty or fruity flavour, which can range from mild to tangy, depending on how long it is aged. Three types are sold:
* "Classic". Aged three to four months, mildly spicy. The wheels are wrapped in a silver label.
* "Surchoix". Aged four to six months, strongly spicy. Gold label.
* "Extra". Aged six months or longer, extra spicy. Black label.
# Bence Venyercsán

Bence Barnabás Venyercsán (born 8 January 1996) is a Hungarian race walker. He finished 45th in the 50 km event at the 2016 Summer Olympics and 20th in the men's 50 kilometres walk at the 2020 Summer Olympics.
He started competing when he was 13 years old and finished 8th in the 2013 World Youth Championship. He finished 21st in the 2014 Junior World Championship and 8th in the Junior Eb in 2015. in 2017, he won 17th place in the Summer Universiade for 20 kilometers.
In 2017, he finished in 12th place in the men's 20 kilometres walk at the 2017 European Athletics U23 Championships held in Bydgoszcz, Poland. In 2018, he competed in the men's 50 kilometres walk at the 2018 European Athletics Championships held in Berlin, Germany. He finished in 13th place.
# Gach Darvazeh

Gach Darvazeh (Persian: گچ دروازه, also Romanized as Gach Darvāzeh; also known as Būnbāyūmī) is a village in Jowzar Rural District, in the Central District of Mamasani County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 121, in 34 families.
# Çataksu, Pertek

Çataksu (Kurdish: Avdan) is a village in the Pertek District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds and Turks and had a population of 66 in 2021.
The hamlets of Aşağıyakabaşı, Günyüzü and Köçek are attached to the village.
# David Bek (film)

David Bek (Armenian: Դավիթ Բեկ) is a 1944 Soviet biographical adventure and drama film directed by Hamo Beknazarian and starring Hrachia Nersisyan, Avet Avetisyan and Hasmik The film is about Davit Bek, an Armenian nobleman and revolutionary and is based on the novel David Bek by Raffi (1882).

## Cast

* Hrachia Nersisyan as Davit Bek
* Avet Avetisyan
* Hasmik
* Yevgeny Samoylov
* Arus Asryan
* Grigor Avetyan
* L. Zohrabyan
* Murad Kostanyan
* David Malyan
* T. Ayvazyan
* Vaghinak Marguni
* Frunze Dovlatyan
* Tatyana Makhmuryan
* L. Shahparonyan
* Vladimir Yershov
* Evgeniy Samoylov
* Lev Sverdlin
* Ivane Perestiani
* Arman Kotikyan
* H. Stepanyan
* D. Pogosyan
# Brian Rush

Brian Rush (born 1958 or 1959) is an American politician from the state of Florida. A member of the Democratic Party, he served in the Florida House of Representatives from 1987 to 1995.

## Early life and education

Rush was born and raised in St. Petersburg, Florida. He attended the University of Florida, graduating with a bachelor’s degree in 1980. Rush graduated from the University of Florida Levin College of Law in 1982.

## Career

Rush worked as a trial lawyer in Carrollwood, Florida.
Rush was first elected to the Florida House of Representatives in 1986. He was re-elected three times before losing to Republican Rob Wallace in 1994. He sponsored a bill to reduce class sizes. His focus was on environmental protection and First Amendment rights.
In 2022, Rush was accused of wrongdoing in a 2018 eminent domain case. The Florida Bar alleged that Rush worked against the interests of his client in order to enrich himself, recommending a three-year suspension of Rush's law license. Rush denied wrongdoing and challenged the decision in court. The Florida Supreme Court ruled against Rush in 2023, upholding the three-year suspension. On July 27, 2023, Rush resigned his license to practice law, informing the state Bar that he had closed his law practice.
In 2022, Rush returned to politics by running in that year's U.S. Senate election. He finished second in the Democratic primary with 6.28% of the vote.
Rush has filed to run for U.S. Senate again in the 2024 election.

## Personal life

Rush lives in Tampa.
# George W. Faris

George Washington Faris (June 9, 1854 – April 17, 1914) was an American lawyer and politician who served three terms as a U.S. Representative from Indiana from 1895 to 1901.

## Biography

Born near Rensselaer, Indiana, to James and Margaret, Faris attended the public schools. He was graduated from Asbury University, Greencastle, Indiana, in 1877. He studied law.
He was admitted to the bar in 1877 and commenced practice in Indianapolis, Indiana. He moved to Terre Haute, Indiana, in 1880 and continued the practice of law. He was an unsuccessful Republican candidate for judge of the circuit court in 1884.

### Congress

Faris was elected as a Republican to the Fifty-fourth, Fifty-fifth, and Fifty-sixth Congresses (March 4, 1895 – March 3, 1901). He served as chairman of the Committee on Manufactures (Fifty-fifth and Fifty-sixth Congresses). He declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1900.

### Later career and death

He resumed the practice of law in Terre Haute, Indiana, and shortly thereafter moved to Washington, D.C., and continued the practice of law until his death in that city on April 17, 1914. He was interred in Highland Lawn Cemetery, Terre Haute, Indiana.

## Personal life

In 1878, he married Anna Claypool, daughter of Solomon Claypool.
# Rich Barton

Richard Barton (born June 2, 1967) is an American internet entrepreneur who is the co-executive chairman and a former two-time chief executive officer of Zillow Group, a company he co-founded in 2006. Barton founded online travel company (and Microsoft spinoff) Expedia, Inc., real-estate internet company Zillow, and job search engine and career community Glassdoor. He also founded the online travel photography sharing website and app Trover, which was acquired by Expedia in 2016. Barton was also a venture partner at Benchmark, and is on the board of directors for Netflix, Avvo, Nextdoor, and Artsy. He serves on the Stanford University Board of Trustees.
In 2002, he was named as one of the top 10 innovators under 35 by MIT Technology Review. In April 2012, he was named to Barack Obama's Presidential Ambassadors for Continental Entrepreneurship.

## Early life

Barton, raised in New Canaan, Connecticut, is the son of a teacher and mechanical engineer. He graduated from Stanford University in 1989 with a degree in engineering. He first worked for Alliance Consulting Group, and in 1991, began working for Microsoft as product manager for MS-DOS 5.0.
Barton's forefathers, John Barton and his son Horace, were inducted into the 1999 South Dakota Tennis Hall of Fame.

## Entrepreneurship

Barton founded Expedia within Microsoft in 1994. In 1994, Microsoft was planning to build a travel guidebook on a CD-ROM. Barton, who was familiar with text-based internet services of the time, had come across an online service hosted on Prodigy designed for travel agents working from home. He pitched the idea of an online travel booking service to Bill Gates, Steve Ballmer, and Nathan Myhrvold. Gates, Ballmer, and Myhrvold gave Barton permission to move forward with the project, which debuted on the web as Expedia in 1996. Barton served as CEO through Expedia's initial public offering in 1999, and stayed in the position until 2003, after the company was acquired for $3.6 billion.
After a year-long break in Italy from the business community, Barton returned to Seattle in 2004, and began working toward the launch of Zillow with Lloyd Frink, another Expedia and Microsoft alumnus. Barton and Frink did not reveal much about the company prior to its launch.
In February 2020, Barton became a billionaire according to Forbes, after reporting strong earnings at Zillow. He was CEO of the company from its founding until 2010, returned to the position in 2019, and transitioned to the role of co-executive chairman in August 2024.
# Philip Kissick Lawrence

Philip Kissick Lawrence (c. 1793 – May 19, 1841) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana and the United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana.

## Education and career

Born c. 1793 in New York City, to Gilbert Lawrence and Margaret Kissick Lawrence, Lawrence graduated from Columbia University in 1812, received a Bachelor of Laws from Litchfield Law School in 1814, and received a master's degree from Columbia University in 1818. He was admitted to the New York bar in 1818. He moved to Louisiana and continued private practice in New Orleans, Louisiana until 1837. He was a member of the Louisiana House of Representatives. He was editor of the New Orleans Morning Post from 1835 to 1836. He was the United States Attorney for the Districts of Louisiana until 1837. He was a member of the Whig Party.

## Federal judicial service

Lawrence was nominated by President Martin Van Buren on September 6, 1837, to a joint seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana and the United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana vacated by Judge Samuel Hadden Harper. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on September 12, 1837, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated on March 19, 1841, due to his death in New Orleans.

### Controversy and attempted impeachment

Lawrence is most notably mentioned in the available historical materials for a controversy involving the court's clerk. In 1834, his predecessor had appointed Duncan N. Hennen Clerk of Court, and Hennen, who by all accounts had performed satisfactorily, held the post upon Lawrence's appointment. On May 18, 1838, however, Lawrence wrote Hennen a letter firing him: "In taking this step," Lawrence wrote, "I desire to be understood as neither prompted by any unfriendly disposition towards you personally, nor wishing to cast the slightest shade of censure on your official conduct. On the contrary, ... a sense of justice to you demands that I should do what lies in my power to repel any unfavourable inference that might be drawn from your dismissal ... In appointing [John] Winthrop to succeed you, I have been purely actuated by a sense of duty and feelings of kindness towards one whom I have long known, and between whom and myself the closest friendship has always subsisted." Hennen sought reinstatement to his position by filing a petition for a writ of mandamus in the Supreme Court of the United States, but the Court refused to issue the writ, finding that the power both to appoint and to remove the Clerk of Court, even without cause, at that time was entirely within the judge's discretion, and that there was no constitutional or other legal obstacle to Lawrence's actions.
Hennen then petitioned the United States House of Representatives, requesting an investigation of Lawrence. A special committee of the House recommended on February 11, 1839, that Lawrence be impeached for his actions concerning the Clerk of Court. However, no action was taken by the full House.
# Hajjiabad, Chang Almas

Hajjiabad (Persian: حاجی‌آباد, also Romanized as Ḩājjīābād and Ḩājīābād) is a village in Khosrowabad Rural District, Chang Almas District, Bijar County, Kurdistan province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 59, in 12 families. The village is populated by Kurds.