OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Augustus C. Baldwin

Augustus Carpenter Baldwin (December 24, 1817 – January 21, 1903) was a politician from the U.S. state of Michigan.
Baldwin was born in Salina (now Syracuse, New York) and attended the public schools. He moved to Oakland County, Michigan, in 1837 and taught school. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1842 and commenced practice in Milford, Michigan. He was a member of the Michigan State House of Representatives 1844–1846, serving as Speaker in 1846.
He moved to Pontiac, Michigan, in March 1849 and was prosecuting attorney for Oakland County in 1853 and 1854. He was a delegate to the 1860 Democratic National Conventions at Charleston and Baltimore.
Baldwin was elected as a Democrat to the United States House of Representatives for the 38th Congress, serving from March 4, 1863, to March 3, 1865, becoming the first person to represent Michigan's 5th congressional district. He unsuccessfully contested the election of Rowland E. Trowbridge to the 39th Congress. He was a delegate to 1864 Democratic National Convention in Chicago, and to the 1866 National Union Convention at Philadelphia.
He was a member of the Pontiac School Board, 1868–1886, mayor of Pontiac in 1874, judge of the sixth judicial circuit court of Michigan from 1875 until April 15, 1880, when he resigned and resumed the practice of law. He was a member of the board of trustees of the Eastern Michigan Asylum.
Baldwin died in Pontiac, aged 85, and was interred in Oak Hill Cemetery there.
# Nathan B. Bradley

Nathan Ball Bradley (May 28, 1831 – November 8, 1906) was a politician from the U.S. state of Michigan. He served two terms in the United States House of Representatives from 1873 to 1877.

## Early life and education

Bradley was born in Lee, Massachusetts and moved with his parents to Lorain County, Ohio, in 1835 where he attended the common schools. He moved to Wisconsin in 1849 and was employed in a sawmill in the pine region. He returned to Ohio in 1850 and built and operated a sawmill until 1852, when he moved to Lexington, Michigan, and engaged in the manufacture of lumber.
He moved to St. Charles, in the Saginaw Valley, in 1855 and engaged in the lumber industry. He purchased a mill in Bay City, which he operated from 1858 to 1864. He also engaged in the salt industry in Bay City, where he was also justice of the peace for three terms, a supervisor one term, an alderman three terms, and the first mayor of Bay City after it obtained its charter in 1865. He was a member of the Michigan State Senate from 1866 to 1868. He also engaged in banking in 1867, becoming vice president of the First National Bank of Bay City.

## Congress

Bradley was elected as a Republican and the first person to represent Michigan's 8th congressional district to the 43rd and 44th Congresses, serving from March 4, 1873, to March 3, 1877. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1876.

## After Congress

After leaving Congress, he returned to the lumber business in Bay City and also was instrumental in establishing the first beet-sugar factory in the state. Bradley died in Bay City on November 8, 1906, and is interred in Elm Lawn Cemetery there.
# Ploscuțeni

Ploscuțeni is a commune located in Vrancea County, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Argea and Ploscuțeni.
At the 2011 census, of the inhabitants for whom data were available, 99.9% were Romanians. 72.3% were Roman Catholic and 27.6% Romanian Orthodox.
# Lin Sampson

Lin Sampson is a South African journalist who was born in Sri Lanka and educated in England. She has lived all over the world and was the editor of The Athens News. She was most recently a regular columnist for the Sunday Times magazine LifeStyle. Sampson has also been published by local magazines and titles outside South Africa such as The Independent, The Sunday Times and Tatler. In 2005 she published Now You've Gone and Killed Me, a collection of columns dating back to 1982 and with a foreword written by Rian Malan. Sampson is based in Cape Town.
# Howard Reppert

Howard Clinton Reppert, Jr. (January 24, 1918 – November 5, 1989) was an American businessman and politician.
Born in Des Moines, Iowa, Reppert went to the Des Moines public schools. He served as a pilot in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II. Reppert went to University of Iowa and Drake University. He was in the transfer and storage business in Des Moines. Reppert served in the Iowa House of Representatives from 1955 to 1961 and from 1963 to 1965. He then served in the Iowa Senate from 1965 to 1969 and was a Democrat. In 1971, Reppert moved to Sarasota, Florida and was involved with the real estate business. Reppert died from cancer at his home in Sarasota, Florida.
# Stephen Akiga

Stephen Ibn Akiga (or Steve Akiga) (died 6 September 2004) was a Nigerian Minister of Industry, then Minister of Police Affairs and finally Minister of Sports in the first cabinet of President Olusegun Obasanjo.
Obasanjo dismissed his cabinet on 30 January 2001. On 9 February Stephen Akiga moved from the Ministry of Industry to Police Affairs. In May 2001 Akiga said the police could soon phase out use of sub-machine guns in an effort to stop cases of accidental discharge of bullets.
In May 2002 Akiga was appointed Minister of Sports to replace Ishaya Mark Aku, who had died in a plane crash. In August 2002 Akiga admitted that Nigeria was having difficulty in preparing to host the 2003 Africa Games, but said that a bid to host the 2012 Olympic Games was planned. In January 2003 Akiga announced that Nigeria had formed a committee to organize the bid for the 2010 soccer World Cup. In May 2003, during the delay before Obasanjo named his new cabinet following the elections, there were reports that workers in the Sports Ministry had embarked on "serious fasting and prayer" to ensure that God did not return Akiga to them.

## Death

Akiga died on 6 September 2004.
# Excelsior AC (Haiti)

Excelsior Athlétique Club is a professional football club based in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. The last time the club played in Division 1 was in 2002. After the 2008 season, the club was relegated to Division 3. In 1950, it captured the double after winning the league and the Coupe d'Haïti.

## Honours

* Ligue Haïtienne
** Champions (3): 1948, 1950, 1951
* Coupe d'Haïti
** Winners (1): 1942, 1950
# Alija Dumas

Alija "Al" Dumas (October 28, 1929 – February 1, 2023) was an American politician who was a Democratic member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. He received an honorary street renaming in February 2020. He died in Philadelphia in 2023, aged 93.
# Gis, Iran

Gis (Persian: گيس, also Romanized as Gīs; also known as Gīseh, Gīshū’īyeh-ye Bāla, Gīshū’īyeh-ye Pā’īn, and Kīsa) is a village in Dar Agah Rural District, in the Central District of Hajjiabad County, Hormozgan province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 721, in 170 families.
# Tennis at the 2000 Summer Olympics

Tennis was one of the 28 sports that was held at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia. The competition which was held from 19-28 September at the NSW Tennis Centre, saw four gold medals being contested with them being in the singles and doubles of both sexes.
The format at the 2000 Olympics was a single-elimination tournament with the men's and women's singles being 64 players. They competed in six rounds of competition in the singles and five rounds in the doubles (sizes of 32). The format consisted of three set matches with five set matches being only played in the men's singles and doubles final.
The United States finished on top of the medal table with two gold medals as Venus Williams won both the women's singles and doubles with Serena Williams. In the men's events, Yevgeny Kafelnikov from Russia secured the men's singles title while Canadian pair, Sébastien Lareau and Daniel Nestor took the men's doubles.

## Medal summary
### Events

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men's singles | Yevgeny Kafelnikov Russia | Tommy Haas Germany | Arnaud Di Pasquale France |
| Men's doubles | Canada (CAN) Sébastien Lareau Daniel Nestor | Australia (AUS) Todd Woodbridge Mark Woodforde | Spain (ESP) Àlex Corretja Albert Costa |
| Women's singles | Venus Williams United States | Elena Dementieva Russia | Monica Seles United States |
| Women's doubles | United States (USA) Venus Williams Serena Williams | Netherlands (NED) Kristie Boogert Miriam Oremans | Belgium (BEL) Els Callens Dominique van Roost |

### Medal table

* Host nation (Australia)
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | United States (USA) | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| 2 | Russia (RUS) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 3 | Canada (CAN) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 4 | Australia (AUS)* | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 4 | Germany (GER) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 4 | Netherlands (NED) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 7 | Belgium (BEL) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 7 | France (FRA) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 7 | Spain (ESP) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (9 entries) | Totals (9 entries) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 12 |
# Exeter Book Riddle 60

Exeter Book Riddle 60 (according to the numbering of the Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records) is one of the Old English riddles found in the later tenth-century Exeter Book. The riddle is usually solved as 'reed pen', although such pens were not in use in Anglo-Saxon times, rather being Roman technology; but it can also be understood as 'reed pipe'.

## Text

As edited by Krapp and Dobbie in the Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records series, Riddle 60 runs:
Ic wæs be sonde, sæwealle neah, æt merefaroþe, minum gewunade frumstaþole fæst; fea ænig wæs monna cynnes, þæt minne þær on anæde eard beheolde, ac mec uhtna gehwam yð sio brune lagufæðme beleolc. Lyt ic wende þæt ic ær oþþe sið æfre sceolde ofer meodubence muðleas sprecan, wordum wrixlan. Þæt is wundres dæl, on sefan searolic þam þe swylc ne conn, hu mec seaxes ord ond seo swiþre hond, eorles ingeþonc ond ord somod, þingum geþydan, þæt ic wiþ þe sceolde for unc anum twam ærendspræce abeodan bealdlice, swa hit beorna ma uncre wordcwidas widdor ne mænden.
I was along the sand, near the seawall, beside the sea-surge; [I] dwelled firmly rooted in my original place. Few were any of the race of men that beheld my dwelling place in wilderness, for every dawn the dark sea surrounded me with its enveloping waves. Little did I expect that I, sooner or later, ever would speak mouthless over mead-benches, exchange words. It is somewhat a wonder, complex in the mind, for him who cannot understand such, how the point of the knife and the right hand, man’s intention and the blade, worked me with purpose, so that I would boldly disclose a verbal message for us two alone, so that other men will not know the meaning of our conversation far and wide.
There has been some debate as to whether Riddle 60 is a text in its own right: it is followed by the poem The Husband's Message and has been read as the opening to that. Most scholars agree, however, that the two texts are separate.

## Sources

The text is usually thought to have been inspired by the second riddle in Symphosius's collection, whose answer is 'harundo' ('reed'). The same riddle also occurs in the Latin romance of Apollonius of Tyre:

## Interpretation

Riddle 60 is generally read alongside other Anglo-Saxon riddles about writing implements, as giving an insight into Anglo-Saxon attitudes to the craft of writing generally. However, it also provides interesting links to the language and style of the so-called Old English elegies, and has recently been read as a case-study in ecocritical readings of Old English poetry, as it explores complex interactions of different assemblages of species and processes of crafting.

## Digital Facsimile Edition and Translation

Foys, Martin and Smith, Kyle (eds.) Old English Poetry in Facsimile Project (Center for the History of Print and Digital Culture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2019-).

## Recordings

* Michael D. C. Drout, 'Riddle 60', performed from the Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records edition (9 November 2007).
# Battle of Ledra Palace

The Battle of Ledra Palace was fought during the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in July 1974.
Ledra Palace is located in Nicosia district, about 2.6 km north of the Presidential Palace and on the Green Line. During the invasion, and indeed from the beginning of the conflict on 20 July, Ledra Palace was a point of vital importance for the Turkish Armed Forces and its possible occupation would have likely led to the destruction and dissolution of the Republic of Cyprus.

## 20 July

The Reserve Officers Company of the National Guard, a few days before the invasion, had been based in the camp of the 11th tactical group, which was located near the ELDYK camp and Nicosia International Airport, and on the day of the invasion (20 July), it received orders to take hold of Ledra Palace and the surrounding area before the Turkish military.
Soldiers from the 1st Company of the 211th Infantry Battalion went to the roof of the hotel and mounted a 50mm machine gun and when Turkish paratroopers began to descend, they began to fire on them.
The Turkish military, at 8 a.m. began to hit the national guardsmen and the surrounding area with bullets, mortar shells, and artillery and this continued until the end of the day with UNFICYP men conveying threats by the Turks that if the national guard did not leave, they would drop napalm bombs on them the Greeks refused to leave. By the end of the day, the first National Guardsmen had been killed.

## 21 July

On 21 July, in the morning hours, the battle started again with the national guardsmen firing against the Turkish military who were fortified in the surrounding houses. During the battle, a Greek Cypriot opened fire on the Turkish mast with the Turkish flag (and therefore fell) to mislead the other Turkish soldiers that the outpost was captured (to send reinforcements). Some Turkish soldiers also tried to trap the national guardsmen allegedly surrendering in order to for the advancing national guardsmen to be trapped and killed.
After this incident, the Turkish side tried through the United Nations (UNFICYP), to have a cease-fire, again, with the threat that if the Greeks did not leave, they would drop napalm bombs but again the national guard refused to leave.
The soldiers from the National Guard then received a call from the government to leave the hotel but refused because they were afraid that if they left, the hotel would be taken over by the Turkish military and therefore made a plan with the government which included the National Guard troops leaving the hotel and for it being turned over to UNFICYP.

## Aftermath

Turkey did not try to seize the hotel and therefore, the hotel has remained under the control of UNFICYP since then with various meetings and events held there either by the Republic of Cyprus or the United Nations.
# Laugh Factory

34°5′52.8″N 118°21′52.1″W﻿ / ﻿34.098000°N 118.364472°W﻿ / 34.098000; -118.364472
Laugh Factory is a chain of comedy clubs in the United States. The chain is owned by Laugh Factory Inc., and the founder and current chief executive is Jamie Masada.

## Endurance record

The Laugh Factory keeps track of an endurance record for the comedian who can deliver the longest single set at the club. The record-holding performances are listed below:
| Date | Duration (hr:min) | Performer |
| 1980 | 2:41 | Richard Pryor |
| April 10, 2007 | 3:50 | Dane Cook |
| April 15, 2007 | 6:07 | Dave Chappelle |
| December 3, 2007 | 6:12 | Dave Chappelle |
| January 2, 2008 | 7:34 | Dane Cook |

## Acts of charity

On December 8, 2010, at 4:38 pm, the Laugh Factory broke the Guinness World Record for "Longest Continuous Stand Up Comedy Show (Multiple Comedians)". The record was previously held by Comic Strip Live that set the original record of 50 hours. The Laugh Factory surpassed 50 hours on Wednesday and continued non-stop until 10:38 pm, Thursday, December 9, setting a new record of 80 hours. Dom Irrera was on stage when the record was broken, and Deon Cole was on stage when the new record was set. The event, titled "Toy to the World", was paired with a Toy Drive for Children's Hospital. Over 130 different comedians performed, and the event was live-streamed over the internet. The Laugh Factory held this record until April 15, 2015, when the record was broken by jokesters at The East Room in Nashville, Tennessee.
Charity fundraisers have been held at the club, including benefit nights for the Red Cross, USO, Cops for Causes, Comics Without Borders, Wounded Warriors, Middle Eastern Comedy Fest, and Stand Up for India.

## Locations

Outlets of the chain are located in:
* Chicago
* Hollywood
* Las Vegas
* Long Beach
* Reno
* San Diego
* Covina
# Unbreakable glass

Unbreakable glass is glass, or glass substitute, which does not display the normal fragility of glass – in general the term is not used to refer to something that is absolutely unbreakable.

## In history

According to Petronius (c. 27 AD – c. 66 AD) in his work Satyricon, an inventor brought a drinking bowl to the Roman emperor Tiberius made of vitrum flexile – translated as either flexible or unbreakable glass – which did not shatter but merely dented. Tiberius asked if anyone else was aware of the invention. When the inventor replied that he was the only person who knew the secret, Tiberius had him killed. The motivation, according to Reynolds, was to protect the livelihood of the glassmakers.
# Labor geography

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Labor geography is a sub-discipline of human geography and economic geography that deals with the spatial relationships and geographic trends within labor and political systems.
# Super 8 Twenty20 Cup

The Haier Super 8 T20 Cup was the top-tier domestic Twenty20 cricket league in Pakistan from 2011 to 2015. The top 8 teams from the National T20 Cup qualified for the tournament. However, it was made defunct with the initiation of the Pakistan Super League in 2016, which currently features 6 city-based franchises from within Pakistan and is independent of the National T20 Cup.

## League

| Team | Province | Debut Season | Last Season | Captain | Coach |
| Rawalpindi Rams | Punjab | 2011 | 2015 | Sohail Tanvir | Sabih Azhar |
| Sialkot Stallions | Punjab | 2011 | 2015 | Shoaib Malik | Ijaz Ahmed jnr |
| Lahore Lions | Punjab | 2011 | 2015 | Kamran Akmal | Mohsin Kamal |
| Karachi Dolphins | Sindh | 2011 | 2015 | Sarfraz Ahmed | Tauseef Ahmed |
| Faisalabad Wolves | Punjab | 2011 | 2015 | Misbah-ul-Haq | Naveed Anjum |
| Hyderabad Hawks | Sindh | 2011 | 2015 | Sharjeel Khan | Shaukat Mirza |
| Islamabad Leopards | Islamabad | 2011 | 2015 | Zohaib Ahmed | Taimoor Azam |
| Multan Tigers | Punjab | 2011 | 2015 | Saeed Anwar Jr | Manzoor Elahi |
| Peshawar Panthers | KPK | 2012 | 2015 | Akbar Badshah | Abdur Rehman |
| Karachi Zebras | Sindh | 2012 | 2012 | Faisal Iqbal | Azam Khan |
| Lahore Eagles | Punjab | 2012 | 2012 | Imran Farhat | Manzoor Elahi |
| Abbottabad Falcons | KPK | 2013 | 2015 | Younus Khan | Sajjad Akbar |
| Bahawalpur Stags | Punjab | 2013 | 2013 | Imranullah Aslam | Shahid Anwar |

## Results

| Year | Host | Winners | Result | Runners-up | Attendance |
| 2011 Details | Iqbal Stadium, Faisalabad | Rawalpindi Rams 164 all out (20 overs) | Won by Super Over Scorecard | Karachi Dolphins 164 for 5 (20 overs) | 24,610 |
| 2012 Details | Rawalpindi Cricket Stadium, Rawalpindi | Sialkot Stallions 170 for 2 (18.5 overs) | Won by 8 wickets Scorecard | Karachi Dolphins 167 for 8 (20 overs) | 25,000 |
| 2013 Details | Gaddafi Stadium, Lahore | Faisalabad Wolves 158 for 3 (20 overs) | Won by 36 runs Scorecard | Sialkot Stallions 122 all out (19.1 overs) | 43,614 |
| 2015 Details | Iqbal Stadium, Faisalabad | Sialkot Stallions 197 for 9 (20 overs) | Won by 74 runs Scorecard | Lahore Lions 123 for 8 (20 overs) | 25,000 |
# Cao Jian

Cao Jian (died December 225 or January 226) was a prince in the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was a son of Cao Pi, the first emperor of Wei. His mother, whose maiden family name was Zhu (朱), was a concubine of Cao Pi holding the rank of shuyuan (淑媛; translated "Decent Concubine"). He was enfeoffed as the Prince of Dongwuyang (東武陽王) in August or September 225, but died some months later in December 225 or January 226. In 235, he was given the posthumous title "Prince Huai" (懷王). His princedom was abolished because he had no son to inherit it.
# Darband-e Zard-e Sofla

Darband-e Zard-e Sofla (Persian: دربندزردسفلي, also romanized as Darband-e Zard-e Soflá; also known as Darband-e Zard and Dārvand-e Zard) is a village in Sarqaleh Rural District, Ozgoleh District, Salas-e Babajani County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 101, in 17 families.
# Honda Spocket

The Honda Spocket was a concept car developed by Honda that was displayed at auto shows in 1999 and 2000, but was never released as a production vehicle.
The Spocket concept was a convertible with the rear half of the car able to be used for a second row of seats or as a flat floor storage area. It was designed by Honda's California studio, and had a hybrid powertrain with the front wheel driven by a gas engine and the rear wheel by electric motors. It had a wheelbase of 2,750 millimetres (108 in) and a length of 4,270 millimetres (168 in).
Honda showed the concept at the 1999 Tokyo Motor Show, the 2000 North American International Auto Show, and the 2000 LA Auto Show, though it did not go into production.
# Hillas Hut

Hillas Hut is a heritage-listed historic hut at Hillas Creek, Adelong, Cootamundra-Gundagai Regional Council, New South Wales, Australia. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

## History

Hillas Hut is a timber slab hut on Yabtree Station dating from prior to 1835. It was built from local materials. James Hillas, the son of owner John Hillas, was murdered in the hut in 1835. It was used as a blacksmith's workshop after 1859. It forms part of the Yabtree Farm complex today.

## Heritage listing

Hillas Hut was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.