# Khairpur

Khairpur (Sindhi, Urdu: خيرپور) is a city and the capital of the Khairpur District of Pakistan's Sindh province.

## History

The Talpur dynasty was established in 1783 by Mir Fateh Ali Khan, who declared himself the first Rais, or ruler of Sindh, after defeating the Kalhoras at the Battle of Halani.
The death of Mir Sohrab Khan Talpur, founder of the Khairpur branch abdicated power to his eldest son Mir Rustam Ali Khan, in 1811.
Rustam ruled until 1842, when he abdicated in favor of his youngest brother Mir Ali Murad. Ali Murad helped the British in 1845-7 during the Turki campaign, but was later accused of plotting against the British in 1851–2, and so was stripped of his lands in upper Sindh by the British East India Company. As a result, the remaining land under his control consisted mostly of Khairpur city, and its immediate environs. During the 1857 Sepoy Mutiny, Ali Murad sided with the British, and prevented rebels from seizing the Shikarpur jail and treasury. He regained the favour of the British, and in 1866, the British promised to recognize any future successors as rightful rulers of Khairpur.
Ali Murad's eldest son had predeceased him, and so he was succeeded by his second son, Mir Faiz Muhammad Khan, who ruled until his death 1909. He was in turn succeeded by his son, Mir Imam Bakhsh Khan Talpur, who aided the British war effort during World War I, and was thus awarded the honorary title Lieutenant Colonel in 1918. He died in 1921, and was succeeded by Mir Ali Nawaz Khan. Under his rule, the feudal Cherr system of forced labour was abolished, while new canals were laid for irrigation.

## Geography

Khairpur district is located in north-eastern Sindh and is bounded on the north by Shikarpur and Sukkur, on the east by India, on the south by Sanghar district and Shaheed Benzeerabad and on the west by Larkana and Noshero Feroz. The district lies from 680 10’ to 700 10’ east longitude and 260 9’ to 270 42’ north Latitude.

## Politics

Politically, the city of Khairpur have been dominated by the Pakistan People's Party (PPP) since the era of 1970s. Excluding the exceptional occasions, where other parties had also left mark of their victory now or then but more or less the city have been represented by the MNAs belonging PPP in the Provincial and National Assembly.

### The National Assembly

The city is represented by the 1 MNA in the federal legislature since the remapping of the constituencies during 2018 Elections.
| Member of National Assembly (MNAs) | Constituency | Year | Party |
| Nafeesa Shah | NA-208 Khairpur-I | 2018 | PPP |

### The Provincial Assembly

| Member of Provincial Assembly (MPA) | Constituency | Year | Party |
| Syed Qaim Ali Shah | PS-26 Khairpur-I | 2018 | PPP |

## Climate

Khairpur has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh), characterised by extremely hot and hazy summers with warm winters. Khairpur is known for its extremely hot summers, and was described as the hottest city in British India. Wind speed is low throughout the year, and sunshine is abundant. Summer temperatures regularly surpass 50 °C (122 °F). Dry heat is experienced starting from April to early June until the Monsoon season starts to arrive. Monsoons in Khairpur are not very wet, but bring high dew points, resulting in high heat indices. Monsoons recede by September, but it is not until late October that the short lived autumn season is experienced before the onset of the region's cool winters. The average annual rainfall of Khairpur is 87.6 mm (3.45 in) and mainly occurs in the monsoon season. The highest annual rainfall ever is 375 mm (14.8 in), recorded in 1978 and the lowest annual rainfall ever is 0 mm in 1941.
Climate data for Khairpur :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 31.0 (87.8) | 38.0 (100.4) | 45.0 (113.0) | 49.0 (120.2) | 50.5 (122.9) | 50.5 (122.9) | 46.5 (115.7) | 44.5 (112.1) | 43.5 (110.3) | 41.6 (106.9) | 37.2 (99.0) | 31.0 (87.8) | 50.5 (122.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 24.8 (76.6) | 26.2 (79.2) | 32.4 (90.3) | 39.2 (102.6) | 43.3 (109.9) | 43.2 (109.8) | 41.0 (105.8) | 39.1 (102.4) | 37.9 (100.2) | 35.6 (96.1) | 30.3 (86.5) | 24.8 (76.6) | 34.8 (94.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 16.5 (61.7) | 18.2 (64.8) | 23.9 (75.0) | 30.1 (86.2) | 34.6 (94.3) | 35.7 (96.3) | 34.7 (94.5) | 33.2 (91.8) | 31.4 (88.5) | 27.8 (82.0) | 21.7 (71.1) | 16.5 (61.7) | 27.0 (80.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 8.3 (46.9) | 10.2 (50.4) | 15.4 (59.7) | 21.1 (70.0) | 25.9 (78.6) | 28.3 (82.9) | 28.4 (83.1) | 27.3 (81.1) | 24.9 (76.8) | 20.0 (68.0) | 13.2 (55.8) | 8.3 (46.9) | 19.3 (66.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 1.0 (33.8) | 0.5 (32.9) | 3.0 (37.4) | 9.5 (49.1) | 16.5 (61.7) | 19.5 (67.1) | 20.8 (69.4) | 17.5 (63.5) | 19.5 (67.1) | 12.4 (54.3) | 5.0 (41.0) | −1.5 (29.3) | −1.5 (29.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 3.5 (0.14) | 7.0 (0.28) | 6.8 (0.27) | 5.7 (0.22) | 5.0 (0.20) | 4.5 (0.18) | 20.8 (0.82) | 20.4 (0.80) | 0.9 (0.04) | 3.0 (0.12) | 0.6 (0.02) | 9.4 (0.37) | 87.6 (3.46) |
| Average precipitation days | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 2.0 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 6.2 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 52 | 48 | 39 | 28 | 29 | 38 | 49 | 56 | 52 | 46 | 47 | 52 | 45 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 276 | 294 | 318 | 345 | 363 | 372 | 357 | 336 | 321 | 309 | 288 | 276 | 3,855 |
| Source 1: PMD (1991–2020) ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: climate-data ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

At the 1998 census, the population of the city of Khairpur was 102,188 having increased from 61,447 at the 1981 census. The city had an estimated population of 127,857 in 2006.

## Education

There are following Colleges and Universities in Khairpur
* Khairpur Medical College KMC, Khairpur Mirs
* Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical Sciences, Khairpur Mirs
* Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur Mirs
* IBA-Institute of Emerging Technologies, SIBAU Campus Khairpur
* Mehran University College Of Engineering And Technology SZAB Campus Khairpur,
* The Benazir Bhutto Shaheed University of Technology & Skill Development, Khairpur Mirs,
* Khairpur College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology (KCAET) at Khairpur,
* Pak-Turk Maarif International Schools and Colleges Khairpur Campus ,
* IBA Community College Khairpur ,
* Superior Science College Khairpur Mirs ,
* Khairpur Women College Khairpur ,