OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gertie Brown

Gertie Brown Moore (born Gilberta Gertrude Chevalier, August 23, 1878 – February 24, 1934) was a vaudeville performer and one of the first African-American film actresses. Brown is most famous for her part in the 1898 silent film Something Good – Negro Kiss, which went viral in 2018.

## Biography

According to the 1900 United States federal census, Gertie Brown, then aged 22, was born in 1878. According to her obituary, she began her career on the stage at the age of nine. In the 1890s, she performed alongside well-known composer and entertainer Saint Suttle (1870-1932) in vaudeville and minstrel shows in the Chicago area and nationally. Suttle, Brown, and John and Maud Brewster performed as a group called "The Rag-Time Four" that was responsible for popularizing a variation of the cakewalk dance. In 1899, Suttle and Brown were billed in vaudeville as "Two Real Ragtime Coons." From about 1906 to 1915, Gertie Brown was one of the stock players at Chicago's Pekin Theatre. Her performances there included such roles as "an Indian" in the show Coffey and Girls of All Nations in 1915.
Brown married comedian and actor Tim Moore in September 1915, and he introduced her to a new career which took her throughout the country and abroad. Billed as Tim & Gertie Moore, the couple toured vaudeville circuits across the United States, New Zealand, the Hawaiian Islands, and Australia and received acclaim as an "exceptionally clever" pair. From 1920 to 1924, they toured the Dudley and T.O.B.A. vaudeville circuits in their own stock company, The Chicago Follies. In 1923, they acted in the lost silent film His Great Chance.
With Tim Moore as the star, Gertie, appeared with him on Broadway in the musical comedy Lucky Sambo in 1925. From 1925 to 1927, they toured the Columbia Burlesque Wheel in Edward E. Daly's hit show, Rarin' to Go. In 1927, she also appeared with him The Southland Revue, and, early in 1928, in his show, Bronze Buddies. After her husband was engaged as the star comedian of Lew Leslie's Blackbirds of 1928, Gertie only occasionally appeared on the stage. She devoted much of her time to her home and helped organize charitable assistance to theatre folk who lost their jobs during the early years of the Great Depression, which included the setting up of a home for destitute actors.
She died in 1934 of double pneumonia at Harlem Hospital.

## Something Good – Negro Kiss

Rediscovered in 2017, Something Good – Negro Kiss stars an African-American couple embracing, kissing, and dancing. Research by scholar Allyson Nadia Field identified the actors as Suttle and Brown. Film historians believe that Something Good was an impromptu film shot in Chicago's South Loop district, possibly while Suttle and Brown were at William Selig's film studio to film a cakewalk dance. In 2022 it was included in the exhibition Regeneration: Black Cinema 1898–1971 at the Academy Museum of Motion Pictures in Los Angeles, USA.
# Samuel Swinfin Burdett

Samuel Swinfin Burdett (February 21, 1836 – September 24, 1914) was a U.S. Representative from Missouri.

## Biography

He was born on February 21, 1836, in The Old Manse, Broughton Astley, bordering Sutton-in-the-Elms in Leicestershire, England. His father was minister at Sutton-in-the-Elms Baptist Chapel.
When twelve years of age he emigrated to the United States. He worked on a farm in Lorain County, Ohio, and attended the common schools. He studied law at Oberlin College, Ohio, was admitted to the bar in 1858 and commenced practice in DeWitt, Iowa. Burdett was an abolitionist and joined John Brown during the Bleeding Kansas conflict in May 1856. He entered the Union Army as a private in the First Regiment, Iowa Volunteer Cavalry, in May 1861. He was promoted to the rank of lieutenant, later becoming captain, and served until August 1864. He served as assistant provost marshal general from March 1, 1864 – August 1, 1864. He moved to Osceola, St. Clair County, Missouri, in December 1865. Attorney for the seventh circuit in 1868 and 1869. He served as delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1868.
Burdett was elected as a Republican to the Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses (March 4, 1869 – March 3, 1873). He served as chairman of the Committee on Manufactures (Forty-second Congress). He was an unsuccessful candidate in 1872 for reelection to the Forty-third Congress. He resumed the practice of law in Osceola, Missouri. He was appointed Commissioner of the General Land Office in 1874. He engaged in the practice of law in Washington, D.C., residing at Glencarlyn, Virginia, during his last years. Commander in chief of the Grand Army of the Republic from 1885 to 1886. He founded the Arlington, Virginia neighborhood of Glencarlyn with his partner George W. Curtis in 1888.
When he was old he decided that he would like to visit the place where he was born. He travelled to England and stayed at the Old Manse (now 12, Green Rd) Broughton Astley, Leicestershire. He suddenly became ill, and some days later he died, on September 24, 1914, in the very room in which he had been born. He was buried with his wife, Nancy (1826–1906) in Arlington National Cemetery.

## Legacy

He is the namesake of the community of Burdett, Missouri.
# James F. Epes

James Fletcher Epes (May 23, 1842 – August 24, 1910) was a U.S. Representative from Virginia, cousin of Sidney Parham Epes.

## Biography

Born near Blackstone, Virginia, Epes attended private schools and the University of Virginia at Charlottesville. During the Civil War he served in the Confederate States Army in Company E, Third Virginia Cavalry. He was graduated from the law department of Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia, in 1867. He was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice at Nottoway Court House, Virginia. He also engaged in agricultural pursuits. He served as prosecuting attorney for Nottoway County during the years 1870–1883.
Epes was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-second and Fifty-third Congresses (March 4, 1891 – March 3, 1895). He was not a candidate for renomination in 1894. He retired to his plantation, "The Old Place," near Blackstone, and engaged in agricultural pursuits until his death there August 24, 1910. He was interred in Lake View Cemetery, Blackstone, Virginia.

## Elections

* 1890; Epes was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives with 57.15% of the vote, defeating Republican John Mercer Langston.
* 1892; Epes was re-elected with 52.19% of the vote, defeating Populist J. Thomas Goode.
# Guy Cavagnac

Guy Cavagnac (15 September 1934 – 7 January 2022) was a French independent filmmaker.

## Life and career

After his studies at the Institut des hautes études cinématographiques, Cavagnac shot several commissioned short films and served as an assistant to Jean Renoir. In 1970, he founded the production enterprise Unité 3 alongside Paul Vecchiali and Liliane de Kermadec. That year, he released Le Soldat Laforêt [fr], presented at the Rencontres du Jeune Cinéma in Bourges in 1971. From 1982 to 1989, he directed the A.C.S. Ateliers cinématographiques Sirventès [fr].
Cavagnac died on 7 January 2022, at the age of 87.

## Filmography
### Director

* Le Soldat Laforêt (1970)

### Producer

* Le Soldat Laforêt (1970)
* L'Étrangleur [fr] (1972)
* Home Sweet Home [fr] (1972)
* Aloïse (1975)
* Jeanne Dielman, 23 quai du Commerce, 1080 Bruxelles (1975)
* L'Âne qui a bu la lune [fr] (1988)
* La Campagne de Cicéron [fr] (1990)

### Assistant director

* Les Ruses du diable [fr] (1966)
* The Cop (1970)
* Femmes Femmes [fr] (1974)

## Publications

* Villefranche-de-Rouergue : Histoire et génie du lieu (1991)
* Jean Renoir : Le Désir du monde (1994)
* Baroque occitan (1996)
* Une partie de campagne : Eli Lotar, photographies du tournage (2007)
# Polyerata

Polyerata is a genus of hummingbirds.

## Species

The genus contains three species:
Genus Polyerata – Heine, 1863 – three species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| Blue-chested hummingbird | Polyerata amabilis (Gould, 1853) | Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, and Panama | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
| Charming hummingbird | Polyerata decora Salvin, 1891 | Costa Rica and Panama. | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
| Purple-chested hummingbird | Polyerata rosenbergi Boucard, 1895 | Colombia and Ecuador. | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
These species were formerly placed in the genus Amazilia. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that Amazilia was polyphyletic. In the revised classification to create monophyletic genera, these three species were moved to the resurrected genus Polyerata that had been introduced in 1863 by the German ornithologist Ferdinand Heine to accommodate the blue-chested hummingbird which therefore becomes the type species. The genus name is from Ancient Greek poluēratos meaning "very lovely".
# Judar

Judar (Persian: جودر, also Romanized as Jūdar and Jowdar; also known as Jow Darreh and Chūdar) is a village in Gifan Rural District, Garmkhan District, Bojnord County, North Khorasan province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 236, in 62 families.
# Andrew Heiskell

Andrew Heiskell (September 13, 1915 – July 6, 2003) was chairman and CEO of Time Inc. (1960–1980), and also known for his philanthropy, for organizations including the New York Public Library. He was president of the Inter American Press Association (1961–1962) and president of the Harvard University board of overseers.

## Biography

Heiskell was born in Naples, the second child of American parents, Ann Moore Hubbard and Morgan Ott Heiskell. His father was an artist and photographer whose work appeared in National Geographic. His parents had married in Wheeling, West Virginia and then moved to Capri, where they became part of a bohemian set, including the writer Compton Mackenzie, with whom his mother was rumored to have had an affair. After his parents split up, he spent his childhood abroad with his mother and sister.
In 1946, aged just 30, he was named publisher of Life; in 1972, as chairman and CEO of Time, Inc., he had to close it down. In 1974 he created People, which rapidly became a great asset.
The Institute of International Education's Andrew Heiskell Award is named for him, as it the Andrew Heiskell Braille and Talking Book Library branch of NYPL. Heiskell donated funds to pay for the Arts Director position at the American Academy in Rome.
One of his major achievements as a civic leader was the revitalization of New York's Bryant Park, which he undertook after time as chair of the New York Public Library. He was for ten years an overseer of Harvard University, after attending Harvard Business School without ever earning an undergraduate degree.

## Personal life

Noted for his charm and height (he was 6'5"), Heiskell was married three times. His first wife was Cornelia Scott, and they had two children, Diane and Peter. His second wife was the Hollywood actress Madeleine Carroll, with whom he had a daughter, Anne Madeleine. In 1965, he married Marian Sulzberger Dryfoos, the widow of New York Times publisher Orvil Dryfoos.

## Books

* Andrew Heiskell with Ralph Graves (1997), Outsider, Insider: An Unlikely Success Story, Marian-Darien Press, ISBN 0-9668271-0-4
# Placer, Masbate

Placer, officially the Municipality of Placer, is a municipality in the province of Masbate, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 56,340 people.
Placer is 95 kilometres (59 mi) from Masbate City.

## History

By virtue of Republic Act No. 292, passed on June 16, 1948, the barrio of Placer was constituted as its own municipality, separate from Cataingan. At the time of its creation, Placer included the entire present-day municipality of Esperanza, which was then a barrio of Placer (its largest barrio).

## Geography
### Barangays

Placer is politically subdivided into 35 barangays.  Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.
* Aguada
* Ban-Ao
* Burabod
* Cabangcalan
* Calumpang
* Camayabsan
* Daan-lungsod
* Dangpanan
* Daraga
* Guin-Awayan
* Guinhan-Ayan
* Katipunan
* Libas
* Locso-An
* Luna
* Mahayag
* Mahayahay
* Manlut-Od
* Matagangtang
* Naboctot
* Nagarao
* Nainday
* Naocondiot
* Pasiagon
* Pili
* Poblacion
* Puro
* Quibrada
* San Marcos
* Santa Cruz
* Taboc
* Tan-Awan
* Taverna
* Tubod
* Villa-Inocencio

### Climate

Climate data for Placer, Masbate :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 31 (88) | 32 (90) | 32 (90) | 31 (88) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 30 (86) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 23 (73) | 22 (72) | 23 (73) | 23 (73) | 25 (77) | 25 (77) | 24 (75) | 25 (77) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 23 (73) | 24 (75) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 39 (1.5) | 34 (1.3) | 42 (1.7) | 36 (1.4) | 73 (2.9) | 109 (4.3) | 118 (4.6) | 108 (4.3) | 129 (5.1) | 136 (5.4) | 112 (4.4) | 89 (3.5) | 1,025 (40.4) |
| Average rainy days | 12.6 | 9.7 | 12.0 | 13.0 | 20.5 | 25.3 | 26.2 | 24.8 | 25.2 | 25.9 | 21.9 | 17.9 | 235 |
| Source: Meteoblue ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1903 | 2,112 | — |
| 1960 | 21,235 | +4.13% |
| 1970 | 30,174 | +3.57% |
| 1975 | 29,639 | −0.36% |
| 1980 | 35,710 | +3.80% |
| 1990 | 38,568 | +0.77% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1995 | 40,394 | +0.87% |
| 2000 | 44,418 | +2.06% |
| 2007 | 48,469 | +1.21% |
| 2010 | 55,438 | +5.01% |
| 2015 | 55,826 | +0.13% |
| 2020 | 56,340 | +0.18% |
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority :
In the 2020 census, the population of Placer, Masbate, was 56,340 people, with a density of 290 inhabitants per square kilometre or 750 inhabitants per square mile.
Placer is one of the only four municipalities in Masbate which is dominantly Cebuano-speaking, the other being the adjacent municipalities of Esperanza; Esperanza separated from Placer in 1959., Pio V. Corpuz, and Cawayan.

## Economy

Poverty incidence of Placer
* 10
* 20
* 30
* 40
* 50
* 60
* 2006 59.00
* 2009 46.95
* 2012 47.65
* 2015 47.21
* 2018 33.12
* 2021 29.88
* Source: Philippine Statistics Authority
# 1996 Korean FA Cup

The 1996 Korean FA Cup was the first edition of the Korean FA Cup Korean football tournament.

## Bracket

| Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Quarter-finals | Quarter-finals | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Final | Final |
| Suwon Samsung Bluewings (a.e.t.) | 4 | | | | |
| Yonsei University | 3 | | | | |
| Yonsei University | 3 | Suwon Samsung Bluewings | 5 | | |
| | | Cheonan Ilhwa Chunma | 2 | | |
| Cheonan Ilhwa Chunma | 3 | Cheonan Ilhwa Chunma | 2 | | |
| E-Land Puma | 2 | | | | |
| E-Land Puma | 2 | | | Suwon Samsung Bluewings | 3 |
| | | | | Bucheon Yukong | 1 |
| Bucheon Yukong | 5 | | | Bucheon Yukong | 1 |
| Chung-Ang University | 3 | | | | |
| Chung-Ang University | 3 | Bucheon Yukong (p) | 3 (3) | | |
| | | Jeonbuk Hyundai Dinos | 3 (2) | | |
| Jeonbuk Hyundai Dinos (p) | 1 (4) | Jeonbuk Hyundai Dinos | 3 (2) | | |
| Sangmu FC | 1 (1) | | | | | | |
| Sangmu FC | 1 (1) | | | | | Suwon Samsung Bluewings | 0 (6) |
| | | | | | | Pohang Atoms (p) | 0 (7) |
| Pohang Atoms | 1 | | | | | Pohang Atoms (p) | 0 (7) |
| Kookmin Bank | 0 | | | | | | |
| Kookmin Bank | 0 | Pohang Atoms | 1 | | | | |
| | | Jeonnam Dragons | 0 | | | | |
| Ulsan Hyundai Horang-i | 2 | Jeonnam Dragons | 0 | | | | |
| Anyang LG Cheetahs | 1 | | | | | | |
| Anyang LG Cheetahs | 1 | | | Pohang Atoms | 1 | | |
| | | | | Ulsan Hyundai Horang-i | 0 |
| Jeonnam Dragons | 1 | | | Ulsan Hyundai Horang-i | 0 |
| Yeungnam University | 0 | | | | |
| Yeungnam University | 0 | Ulsan Hyundai Horang-i | 1 | | |
| | | Busan Daewoo Royals | 0 | | |
| Busan Daewoo Royals | 1 | Busan Daewoo Royals | 0 | | |
| Hongik University | 0 | | | | |

## Awards

Source:
| Award | Winner | Team |
| Most Valuable Player | Cho Jin-ho | Pohang Atoms |
| Top goalscorer | Denis Laktionov | Suwon Samsung Bluewings |
# Aymer de Valence (bishop)

Aymer de Valence (c. 1222 – 4 December 1260) was a Bishop of Winchester around 1250.

## Life

Valence was a half-brother of King Henry III of England; his mother was Isabella of Angoulême, the second wife of King John, his father was Hugh X of Lusignan, the count of La Marche, whom Isabelle married in 1220. He was also the uncle of Aymer de Valence, 2nd Earl of Pembroke.
The children of Isabella's marriage came to England in 1247 in the hope of obtaining court preferment. Aymer received a prebend in the diocese of London. In 1250 the King, by putting strong pressure upon the electors, succeeded in obtaining the election of Aymer to the see of Winchester on 4 November. The appointment was in every way unsuitable. Aymer was illiterate, ignorant of the English language, and wholly secular in his mode of life. Upon his head was concentrated the whole of the popular indignation against the foreign favourites; and he seems to have deserved this unenviable distinction. However, he received confirmation of his election to the see from Pope Innocent IV on 14 January 1251, along with a dispensation to keep his other ecclesiastical income.
He played a role in touching off the baronial reform movement of 1258. On 1 April 1258 Aymer sent a posse to attack men of the magnate John fitz Geoffrey at Shere in Surrey, killing one of them. At a parliament opened at Westminster a week later John fitz Geoffrey demanded justice from the king; Henry excused Aymer, his half-brother, and refused justice thus angering the barons. At the Parliament of Oxford in 1258 he and his brothers repudiated the Provisions of Oxford prepared by the barons. He was pursued to Winchester, besieged in Wolvesey Castle, and finally compelled to surrender and leave the kingdom. He had never been consecrated; accordingly in 1259 the chapter of Winchester proceeded to a new election. Aymer, however, gained the support of Pope Alexander IV, and in January 1259, Alexander IV sent Velascus (a Friar Minor) to England to compel the King and the barons to reinstate Aymer to his bishopric at Winchester. He was on his way back to England when he was overtaken by a fatal illness at Paris, having only been consecrated on 16 May 1260 before his death on 4 December 1260. He is buried in Paris.
# St. Matthew's Anglican Church, Nassau

St. Matthew's Anglican Church is an historic church in Nassau, Bahamas.
It has the distinction of having the oldest church building in the Bahamas and potentially the oldest subsisting building in New Providence.

## History

In the early 18th century, as the population of the island expanded, the challenge of accommodating worshippers in the island's single church became apparent.
Reverend Robert Carter, the island's sole clergyman and the rector of Christ Church Cathedral, Nassau, began carrying out services from a house to cater to the needs of the growing population.
By 1796, it was evident that the town's expansion necessitated the construction of a chapel in the Eastern District. In 1799, the Legislative Council passed an Act to build a church in the East, which led to the establishment of St. Matthew's Church.

## Construction and architecture

The government contributed three thousand pounds and the construction was entrusted to Mr. Joseph Eve. However, the final cost exceeded seven thousand pounds.
The foundation stone was laid in 1800. When completed in 1802, the church boasted a seating capacity of approximately four hundred and fifty people.
The church held its first service on 18 July 1802, officiated by the first rector, Reverend Henry Groombridge.
A steeple was erected in 1807 or 1816 and the church consecrated in 1823, 21 years after its first service.
In 1918, the church was temporarily closed as the roof and ceiling were repaired and new organ was also purchased.
Over the years, a chancel was added, accompanied by a stone pulpit.

## Clergy

Notable figures in the church's history included:
* Reverend Henry Groombridge, the church's first rector;
* Rev. William Strachan, who was appointed the first live-in rector in 1826;
* Rev. Richardson Saunders, known affectionately as "Parson," served as rector from 1856 until his death in 1903, leaving an indelible impact on the church community;
* Rt. Rev. Donald Knowles who assumed the role of rector in 1951, and became the first Bahamian-born Archdeacon;
* Archdeacon James Palacious, rector from 1988 to 2004;
* Canon, the Rev Dr. Kirkley Sands, rector (1986).

## Legacy

St. Matthew's Church, with its rich history, architectural significance, and continuous role in spiritual and community life, remains a symbol of faith and heritage in the Bahamas, firmly rooted in the island's history.
# Fuller Brooch

The Fuller Brooch is an Anglo-Saxon silver and niello brooch dated to the late 9th century, which is now in the British Museum, where it is normally on display in Room 41. The elegance of the engraved decoration depicting the Five Senses, highlighted by being filled with niello, makes it one of the most highly regarded pieces of Anglo-Saxon art.

## Description

The brooch is a large disc made of hammered sheet silver inlaid with black niello and with a diameter of 114 mm (4.5 in). Its centre roundel is decorated with personifications of the five senses. In the centre is Sight with large staring oval eyes, surrounded by the other four senses, each in his own compartment. Taste is in the upper left, Smell is in the upper right, Touch is in the lower right, and Hearing is in the lower left. Taste has a hand in his mouth. Smell's hands are behind his back, and he stands between two tall plants. Touch rubs his hands together. Hearing holds his hand to his ear. This is the earliest known representation of the five senses. The outer border consists of 16 small medallions decorated with human, bird, animal and plant motifs.

## Style and materials

Stylistically it is "in a very late version of the Trewhiddle style". After the discovery of the Strickland Brooch, one of the closest parallels to the Fuller Brooch, also 9th century and in the British Museum, additional research determined that the niello used in the Fuller Brooch was mainly silver sulphide, a type that went out of use later in the medieval period, in itself an argument against it being a modern forgery. The niello technique may indicate that the brooch was made by metalworkers of King Alfred the Great's court.

## History of ownership

The brooch has survived in excellent condition, although the pin and its attachments have been removed, and the top of the brooch has been perforated for suspension, and it may be the only surviving piece of secular Anglo-Saxon metalwork to remain unburied since its creation. It was thought to be a fake by Sir Charles Hercules Read, Keeper of British and Medieval Antiquities of the British Museum, because of its excellent condition. He advised the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford which had been lent the brooch, to take it off display. It was then bought by Captain A. W. F. Fuller for the price of the silver. In 1952 Capt. Fuller donated the brooch to the British Museum on the condition that it henceforth be called the Fuller Brooch.
# Monokine

A monokine is a type of cytokine produced primarily by monocytes and macrophages.
Some monokines are:
* interleukin 1
* tumor necrosis factor-alpha
* alpha and beta interferon
* colony stimulating factors

## Functions

Monokines released from macrophages can attract neutrophils, via the process chemotaxis.
The secretion of monokine, prompted by interferon gamma, has activity for the receptors found within immune cells, such as T-cells, hindering their ability to function as regulators of the body. Thus, promoting tumor progression in the cancer-state. In fact, its activity is important in other diseases, such as pulmonary tuberculosis, where researchers have identified monokine as a biomarker.