# John Vining

John Middleton Vining (December 23, 1758 – February 1802) was an American lawyer and politician from Dover, in Kent County, Delaware. He was a Continental Congressman from Delaware, and a member of the Federalist Party, who served in the Delaware General Assembly and as United States Representative and United States Senator from Delaware.

## Early life and family

Vining was born in Dover in the Delaware Colony, son of John and Phoebe Wynkoop Vining. His father was a prominent and successful lawyer and landholder, who had been a Speaker of the Colonial Assembly and Chief Justice of Delaware. He was also the good friend of Caesar Rodney, who stood as godfather for his son John, the subject of this article. Vining's father died when his son was eleven years old, and from him John and his sister inherited a large fortune. On November 29, 1790, while he was a U.S. Representative in New York City, he married Anna Maria Seton, a poet, musician, and daughter of William Seton of New York. She fit well into Vining's social circle, and they had four sons, John, William, Benjamin and Charles, but she died prematurely in 1800.

## Political career

Vining studied law under George Read in New Castle, Delaware, and was admitted to the Delaware Bar in 1782, starting a practice in Dover. Because of his family's wealth and prominence he was elected three times to represent Delaware in the Continental Congress. First elected April 8, 1784, he served until October 27, 1786, although, like many of his contemporaries, his attendance was irregular. He was then elected to the 1787/88 and 1788/89 sessions of the Delaware House of Assembly.
In a special election on January 7, 1789, Vining defeated four other candidates to win election as the only member from Delaware to the 1st U.S. House of Representatives. Two years later he was re-elected to a second term. Although he arrived weeks late for every session, he was an energetic and conscientious legislator, consistently voting in support of the administration, particularly favoring a strong executive. He served on thirty-eight committees in the 1st U.S. House, including the committee considering the first proposed amendments to the Constitution, and the joint committee on rules.
Vining's positions were generally loose-constructionist, or Hamiltonian. Accordingly, he strongly favored the federal assumption of the state's revolutionary war debts. In the debate over the location of a national capital, he sought consideration for Wilmington, Delaware, but once that lost, supported an immediate move to Philadelphia, and the later construction of a city on the Potomac River.
In 1793 he returned to Dover, Delaware as a State Senator, but was soon elected to the U.S. Senate. He served there for five years, from March 4, 1793, until his resignation on January 19, 1798, and subsequent retirement from public life.

## Death and legacy

Vining died in Dover and is buried in an unmarked grave in the Christ Episcopal Church Cemetery at Dover.
Vining was a handsome, friendly, and outspoken member of a prominent and wealthy family. He was described as a "colorful", speaker who "brandished a florid metaphor", but also as "verbose" and "not above resorting to inflammatory language". His sister, Mary, who was a frequent companion of Anthony Wayne, lived with Vining, and together they entertained frequently and lavishly. Because of this hospitality and generosity he was known as "the pet of Delaware". But he spent through his fortune and suffering from alcoholism, and the death of his wife, went through a rapid decline on the way to an impoverished and premature death. His sister dedicated herself to raising Vining's four sons, but they died young as well, within a year of her death in 1821.
Elizabeth Montgomery in her Reminiscences in Wilmington wrote: "His brilliant talents, not nourished by application, withered in the bud. Indolence and generosity engendered extravagance that wasted his substance".

## Almanac

Elections were held October 1. Members of the General Assembly took office on October 20 or the following weekday. The State Councilmen were elected for a three-year term and the State Assemblymen for a one-year term. They chose the Continental Congressmen for a one-year term. U.S. Representatives took office March 4 and have a two-year term. The General Assembly chose the U.S. Senators, who took office March 4 for a six-year term.
After 1792 elections were moved to the first Tuesday of October and members of the General Assembly took office on the first Tuesday of January. The Legislative Council was renamed the State Senate and the House of Assembly was renamed the State House of Representatives.
Public offices :
| Office | Type | Location | Began office | Ended office | Notes |
| Continental Congressman | Legislature | Annapolis | April 8, 1784 | June 3, 1784 | never served |
| Continental Congressman | Legislature | Trenton | November 1, 1784 | December 24, 1784 | |
| Continental Congressman | Legislature | New York | January 11, 1785 | November 4, 1785 | |
| Continental Congressman | Legislature | New York | November 7, 1785 | October 27, 1786 | |
| State Assemblymen | Legislature | Dover | October 20, 1787 | October 20, 1788 | |
| State Assemblymen | Legislature | Dover | October 20, 1788 | October 20, 1789 | |
| U.S. Representative | Legislature | New York | March 4, 1789 | March 3, 1791 | |
| U.S. Representative | Legislature | Philadelphia | March 4, 1791 | March 3, 1793 | |
| State Senator | Legislature | Dover | January 1, 1793 | January 7, 1794 | |
| U.S. Senator | Legislature | Philadelphia | March 4, 1793 | January 19, 1798 | |
| State Representative | Legislature | Dover | January 3, 1799 | January 3, 1800 | |
| State Senator | Legislature | Dover | January 3, 1800 | February 1802 | died in office |
Delaware General Assembly service :
| Dates | Assembly | Chamber | Majority | Governor | District |
| 1787/88 | 12th | State House | non-partisan | Thomas Collins | Kent at-large |
| 1788/89 | 13th | State House | non-partisan | Thomas Collins | Kent at-large |
| 1793 | 17th | State Senate | Federalist | Joshua Clayton | Kent at-large |
| 1799 | 23rd | State House | Federalist | Richard Bassett | Kent at-large |
| 1800 | 24th | State Senate | Federalist | Richard Bassett | Kent at-large |
| 1801 | 25th | State Senate | Federalist | Richard Bassett | Kent at-large |
| 1802 | 26th | State Senate | Federalist | David Hall | Kent at-large |
United States congressional service :
| Dates | Congress | Chamber | Majority | President | Class/District |
| 1789–1791 | 1st | U.S. House | Pro-Administration | George Washington | at-large |
| 1791–1793 | 2nd | U.S. House | Pro-Administration | George Washington | at-large |
| 1793–1795 | 3rd | U.S. Senate | Pro-Administration | George Washington | class 2 |
| 1795–1797 | 4th | U.S. Senate | Federalist | George Washington | class 2 |
| 1797–1799 | 5th | U.S. Senate | Federalist | John Adams | class 2 |
Election results :
| Year | Office | Subject | Party | Votes | % | Opponent | Party | Votes | % | notes |
| 1788 | U.S. Representative | John Vining | non-partisan | 898 | 44% | Rhoads Shankland | non-partisan | 491 | 24% | |
| 1790 | U.S. Representative | John Vining | non-partisan | 252 | 50% | Joshua Clayton | non-partisan | 145 | 29% |

## Vining family

* Captain Benjamin Vining (1685–1735), port collector in Salem and Marblehead, Massachusetts
** Married first, Ann
** Married second, Mary Middleton. She married secondly Nicholas Greenberry Ridgely (1674–1755), and were parents of Dr. Charles Greenberry Ridgely
*** John Vining (1724–1770), married Phoebe Wynkoop
**** Mary "Polly" Vining (1756–1821)
**** John Middleton Vining (1758–1802), married Anna Maria Seton
***** John Vining (1791–1817), U.S. Navy
***** William Henry Vining (1794–1822), lawyer
***** Benjamin Vining (c. 1796 – 1822) U.S. Army
***** Charles Ridgely Vining (1798–1821)
*** Mary "Polly" Vining (born c. 1730), married the Rev. Charles Inglis
*** Benjamin Vining (c. 1730 – 1785)