OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cartel (disambiguation)

A cartel is a tight organization based on a formal agreement among commercial enterprises with conflicting interests.
Cartel may also refer to:

## Various cartels

* Cartel, adopted from Dutch language Kartel (electoral alliance), a public and formal electoral alliance between political parties (hence, cartel parties)
* Cartel party theory, evaluates influences among state and political parties (hence, cartel parties)
* Drug cartel, a drug trafficking organization (the article lists specific cartels)
* State cartel theory, addresses international relations formed by states (hence, cartel states)
* Cartel (intergovernmental agreement)

## Music
### Groups and labels

* Cartel (band), an American pop punk band
* Cartel (rap group), a Turkish hip hop group
* The Cartel (record distributor), a network of record distributors in the UK

### Albums

* Cartel (Cartel album), the band's self-titled album
* Cartel (hip hop album), a German 1995 compilation album

## Film

* Cartel (web series), a 2021 webseries on ALTBalaji
* Cartels (film), a 2017 action film starring Steven Seagal
* The Cartel, a 2010 documentary film by Bob Bowdon that covers the failures of public education in the United States by focusing on New Jersey

## Other uses

* Cartel (concept), an ambiguous concept, which usually refers to a combination or agreement between rivals
* Cartel (intergovernmental agreement), spread throughout the 17th to 19th centuries in the Western world
* Cartel (ship), a vessel engaged in a humanitarian voyage, such as the exchange of prisoners
* Galindo cartel, a cartel that figures largely in Sons of Anarchy (season 4) and the spinoff series Mayans M.C.
* The Cartel, a professional-wrestling stable in the Global Wrestling Federation in the 1990s
* cartel, historically, a written letter of defiance or challenge
# Ascension Cathedral, Almaty

The Ascension Cathedral (Russian: Вознесенский собор Vosnesenskiy sobor, Kazakh: Вознесенск кафедралы шіркеуі Voznesensk kafedraly shirkeýi), also known as Zenkov Cathedral, is a Russian Orthodox cathedral located in Panfilov Park in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Completed in 1907, the cathedral is made out of wood but without nails. It stands 56 meters tall, and is claimed to be the second tallest wooden church in the world.

## History

In the late 19th century the first bishops of the Turkistan eparchy discussed the need for a Russian Orthodox Church in Almaty. On September 26, 1903, the bishop of Turkestan and Tashkent, Paisii (Vinogradov) consecrated the foundation of the church. Construction took place between 1904 and 1907.
The belfry was erected on September 14, 1906. The cathedral survived the 1911 earthquake with minimal damage, even though it was built without any nails, which some bishops attributed to divine intervention. Some speculate the decision to refrain from using nails was due to their contribution to the crucifixion of Jesus.
The inner structure of the cathedral was made in art workshops in Moscow and Kiev. The iconostasis was painted by N. Khludov. After the Russian Revolution the cathedral was used to house the Central State Museum of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic. From 1930 to 1940 it was used by notable public organizations. The first radio transmitters in Almaty were situated in the cathedral's belfry.
Restoration work on the cathedral began in 1973 and lasted until 1976. In May 1995 control of the cathedral was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church. In 1997, after additional restoration work, it was reopened for religious services.
From July 2017, the cathedral underwent large-scale reconstruction, which ended on October 28, 2020. The cathedral is currently open to the public, and welcomes newcomers and guests.

## "Cathedral" coinage

On June 2, 2007, the National Bank of Kazakhstan put into circulation the coin "Cathedral Cathedral" (proof quality) of 500 tenge in 925 sterling silver with the mintage of 4000 pieces with the aim to promote the understanding of the culture of Kazakhstan, and to favor the idea of religion as a peaceful teaching about spiritual and moral self-improvement of person. The coin bears the coat of arms of Kazakhstan as well as inscriptions divided by dots on its circumference saying "500 ТЕҢГЕ", "ҚАЗАҚСТАН РЕСПУБЛИКАСЫ" in Kazakh and "РЕСПУБЛИКА КАЗАХСТАН" in Russian are depicted on the obverse. Reverse: in the center - image of Voznesensky Cathedral of Alma-Ata city, in the upper part - circumferential inscriptions "КАФЕДРАЛЫҚ ШІРКЕУ" and "КАФЕДРАЛЬНЫЙ СОБОР" and trademark of Kazakhstan Mint, on the left side - inscription "ALMATY 2007", on the bottom - inscription "Ag 925 31.1g".
# Zophar Mansur

Zophar Mack Mansur (November 23, 1843 – March 28, 1914) was an American Civil War veteran, lawyer, banker, and politician who served as the 40th lieutenant governor of Vermont.

## Early life

Mansur was born in Morgan, Vermont, on November 23, 1843, the son of Warren and Jane A. (Morse) Mansur. He was educated at the Washington County Grammar School in Montpelier and graduated from the Derby Academy.

## Civil War

He enlisted on August 11, 1862, and mustered in as a corporal in Company K, 10th Vermont Infantry on September 1, 1862. He participated with his regiment in the Battle of the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Monocacy Junction and 3rd Winchester. He was wounded at Winchester on September 19, 1864, and lost his right arm. He was subsequently medically discharged on August 31, 1865.

## Postwar life

In 1867 he married Ellen L. Newhill. They were the parents of two children, Warren and Jane.
He served as postmaster in Island Pond, Vermont, from February 1867 to November 1885. He studied law with George N. Dale from 1870 to 1875 and was admitted to the bar in 1875. He practiced law until 1892, and became active in several businesses; in 1892 his lumber business became the main focus of his activities, and he practiced law less actively. He was also a director of the National Bank of Derby Line from 1885 to 1905 when he became the bank's president.
A Republican, he was state's attorney of Essex County from 1886 to 1888. He represented Brighton in the Vermont House of Representatives from 1886 to 1888, serving on the judiciary committee and the committee on military affairs. From 1888 to 1890 he represented Essex County as a member of the Vermont State Senate. He served as Lieutenant Governor from 1894 to 1896. He was appointed Collector of Customs for the Memphremagog District by President Benjamin Harrison in 1897 and served until 1906.
He was a trustee of the Vermont Soldiers' Home in Bennington from its creation in 1884 and a trustee of the University of Vermont. Fraternal organizations he was active in included the Sons of the American Revolution, Vermont Officers' Reunion Society, Grand Army of the Republic, and the Masons.

## Death and burial

Mansur died in Burlington, Vermont on March 28, 1914, aged 70. He was buried at East Main Street Cemetery in Newport, Vermont.
# Michelle Estill

Michelle Estill (born November 1, 1962) is an American professional golfer who played on the LPGA Tour.
Estill won once on the LPGA Tour in 1991.

## Professional wins (2)
### LPGA Tour wins (1)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of victory | Runner-up |
| 1 | Sep 8, 1991 | Ping-Cellular One LPGA Golf Championship | −9 (69-69-70=208) | 1 stroke | Rosie Jones |

### Futures Tour wins (1)

* 1989 Plantation Futures Classic
# Ryszard Morawski

Ryszard Morawski (2 March 1933 – 29 August 2023) was a Polish artist. He was a painter (battle painting, historical uniforms and equipment), illustrator, toy designer and sculptor of tin figures.

## Life and career

Morawski was born in Warsaw on 2 March 1933. He studied painting under Michał Bylina and Antoni Trzeszczkowski at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw.
Morawski died on 29 August 2023, at the age of 90.

## Publications

Books
* Ryszard Morawski, Henryk Wielecki: Wojsko Księstwa Warszawskiego. Kawaleria (1992, ISBN 8311079560)
* Ryszard Morawski, Henryk Wielecki: Wojsko Księstwa Warszawskiego. Generalicja, sztaby (1996, ISBN 8311085110)
* Ryszard Morawski, Andrzej Nieuważny: Wojsko Księstwa Warszawskiego. Artyleria, inżynierowie, saperzy (2004, ISBN 8385314180; 2011, ISBN 9788361229025)
* Ryszard Morawski, Adam Paczuski: Wojsko Księstwa Warszawskiego. Ułani, gwardie honorowe, pospolite ruszenie, żandarmeria konna. Tom I-II (2009, ISBN 9788361229032)
* Ryszard Morawski, Adam Paczuski: Wojsko Księstwa Warszawskiego. Piechota, gwardie narodowe, weterani. Tom I-II (2014, ISBN 9788361229056)
* Ryszard Morawski, Sławomir Leśniewski: Wojsko polskie w służbie Napoleona. Legia Nadwiślańska. Lansjerzy Nadwiślańscy. (2008, ISBN 9788361229001)
* Ryszard Morawski, Andrzej Nieuważny: Wojsko polskie w służbie Napoleona. Gwardia: szwoleżerowie, Tatarzy, eklererzy, grenadierzy. (2008, ISBN 9788361229018)
* Ryszard Morawski, Andrzej Dusiewicz: Wojsko polskie w służbie Napoleona. Legiony Polskie we Włoszech. Legia Naddunajska. Legia Polsko-Włoska. Legia Północna. (2010, ISBN 9788361229049)
Postcards
* Ryszard Morawski. Mundur polski 1797–1815. Warsaw 2010 (90 postcards in 10 separate cases, 14,8 x 10,4 cm)
* Ryszard Morawski: Józef Antoni Poniatowski 1763–1813; publikacja pamiątkowa z okazji 200-lecia śmierci księcia Józefa A. Poniatowskiego. Warsaw 2012 (12 postcards, 21 x 14,8 cm)
* Ryszard Morawski. Napoleon Bonaparte i jego dzielni dowódcy. Warsaw 2016 (9 postcards, 14,8 x 10,4 cm)
Calendars
* Ryszard Morawski. Wojsko Księstwa Warszawskiego. Kawaleria [calendar] 1992
* Ryszard Morawski. Poniatowski i inni [calendar] 2013

## Reviews

* Maciej Rosalak: Śladem ułanów i szwoleżerów. Uważam Rze HISTORIA, nr 9 December 2012 p. 92-93
* Michał Karpowicz: Karabela w mundurze. Za mundurem panny sznurem – może to znowu ma sens. W sieci Historii, no. 4 (11) April 2014
* Allan Chappet: L’armée du duché de Varsovie. RSN Reuve du Souvenir Napoléonien no. 490 p. 63
* Allan Chappet: La Légion Polonaise. RSN Reuve du Souvenir Napoléonien no. 491 p. 68
* Allan Chappet: L’armée du duché de Varsovie. RSN Reuve du Souvenir Napoléonien no. 499 p. 59
* Markus Stein: Rezension: Polnische Truppen der Napoleonischen Zeit
# Nowa Kiszewa

Nowa Kiszewa is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kościerzyna, within Kościerzyna County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south-east of Kościerzyna and 54 km (34 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Norman Joyner

Norman H. Joyner was an American politician.
After graduating from Wake Forest University in 1948, Joyner earned a bachelor's of divinity from Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. Between 1966 and 1968, Joyner was a member of the Iredell County board of commissioners. By 1969, he had been elected to the North Carolina Senate. While serving as a state senator, Joyner was selected to attend the 1972 National Forum of State Legislators on Older Americans, and contested the Republican Party primary held for the lieutenant gubernatorial election that year.
# Thomas G. Burch

Thomas Granville Burch (July 3, 1869 – March 20, 1951) was an American farmer, tobacco manufacturer, and politician from Martinsville, Virginia. He represented Virginia in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1931 until 1946. In 1946 he served as a U.S. Senator after Carter Glass died in office until a successor was elected.

## Biography

Burch was born near the community of Dyer's Store in Henry County, Virginia. Early in his life, he worked as a farmer and for a tobacco manufacturing company. After his move to Martinsville, where he was elected mayor, Burch worked in banking, and later in the real estate and insurance businesses, owning a business devoted to both. Burch was elected as a Democrat to the 72nd Congress in 1931, and served until May 1946, when he was appointed to the United States Senate. Thomas 'Tom' Burch was married April 22, 1903 to Mary Ellen Anson, the daughter of Rev. Alfred W. Anson, an Episcopal priest born at Windsor Castle, son of Hon. Rev. Frederick Anson.
On March 20, 1951, Burch died of a heart attack in Martinsville and was buried in the city's Oakwood Cemetery.

## Elections

* 1930; Burch was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives unopposed.
* 1932; Burch was re-elected with the Democratic slate in Virginia's at-large Congressional district, he won 8.29% in a 24-way race.
* 1934; Burch was re-elected with 88.18% of the vote, defeating Republican Henry P. Wilder and Socialist Ira C. Wentz.
* 1936; Burch was re-elected with 64.96% of the vote, defeating Republican Taylor G. Vaughan.
* 1938; Burch was re-elected unopposed.
* 1940; Burch was re-elected unopposed.
* 1942; Burch was re-elected with 93.14% of the vote, defeating Socialist Howard Hearnes Carwile.
* 1944; Burch was re-elected with 84.61% of the vote, defeating now-Independent Carwile.
# IZ3D

iZ3D, Inc., was an American company that developed and sold software which enabled the usage of many different 3D techniques on NVidia and ATI graphic cards, and also sold stereoscopic monitors based on polarization technology.

## History

The company was founded in 1997 as a company called NeurOK LLC. In 2001, Neurok Optics formed as a spin-off of NeurOK LLC. In October 2005, Neurok Optics demonstrates their first concept samples of the iZ3D Monitor. In 2006, Neurok Optics released their 17" iZ3D 3D Monitor.
In January 2007, Chi Mei Optoelectronics and Neurok Optics form a 50/50 Joint Venture Company – iZ3D, LLC. Also in January 2007, iZ3D LLC announced the 22" iZ3D 3D Monitor.
In August 2007, iZ3D LLC begins shipping their 22" iZ3D 3D monitor. At this same time, iZ3D shipping their own 3D gaming drivers. In June 2008, iZ3D was selected to join the Microsoft Startup Accelerator Program In July 2008, the 22" iZ3D Monitor expanded into the international retail market and began shipping worldwide.
As of August 31, 2010, the company discontinued the production of their monitor.
As of July 30, 2012, iZ3D discontinued operations entirely. The iZ3D driver was still available for download from its Web site, but only the proprietary iz3D output, ATI 3D DLP and anaglyph outputs were freely available; the other 3D modes (120 Hz 3D Device output, non-ATI 3D DLP, dual output, interleaved, Zalman Output, stereo mirror, VR920 output, side-by-side) were only available as a 30-day trial.

## Branding

iZ3D is a play on words, translated to "I see 3D".

## Products

iZ3D developed two major products. Before the 22" iZ3D was discontinued, the company developed both the "Dual Panel Polarized" solution, as well as a set of software drivers that would render the game into 3D. Originally, the drivers only supported the company's product, the 22" iZ3D Monitor; however, in December 2008, iZ3D released their drivers for all major 3D outputs.
iZ3D only sold their 3D drivers to end users and OEMs.
# Full Speed (1996 film)

Full Speed (French: À toute vitesse) is a 1996 French drama film directed by Gaël Morel.

## Cast

* Élodie Bouchez - Julie
* Stéphane Rideau - Jimmy
* Pascal Cervo - Quentin
* Meziane Bardadi - Samir
* Salim Kechiouche - Jamel
* Romain Auger - Rick
* Mohammed Dib - Karim
# Horatio Needham

Horatio Needham (April 21, 1796–July 8, 1863) was a Vermont politician and lawyer who served as Speaker of the Vermont House of Representatives.

## Biography

Horatio Needham was born in Whiting, Vermont on April 21, 1796. He was educated in the local schools and began to study law in 1817. Needham was admitted to the bar in 1821 and established a practice in Bristol.
A Democrat who followed the tenets of the Free Soil movement, Needham was Bristol's Town Clerk for five years and a member of the board of selectmen for six.
In 1849 Needham was the Free Soil nominee for governor, losing a close race to Whig Carlos Coolidge.
He was a Delegate to the Vermont constitutional conventions of 1843, 1850 and 1857.
Active in the state militia, in 1851 the Vermont General Assembly appointed Needham commander of the 3rd Brigade with the rank of Brigadier General.
Needham was selected as the speaker of the Vermont House of Representatives in 1853, after thirty-one ballots.
Needham served several terms in the Vermont House of Representatives and was Speaker from 1853 to 1854, the last non-Republican to hold the office until 1975. He also served as a member of the state Council of Censors from 1862 to 1863.
Horatio Needham died in Bristol on July 8, 1863. He was buried in Bristol's Greenwood Cemetery.
# Mimi Hughes

Mimi Pettersen Hughes (born 1955/56) is an American long-distance swimmer who began her long-distance swims by crossing the Bering Strait. She has since swum the lengths of the rivers of Tennessee, Danube, Drava, and Mura. Mimi dedicates her swims to a variety of causes: understanding between nations (the Bering Strait), environmental awareness (rivers Tennessee, Danube, Drava, and Mura), and lifeskills' training and education for women and girls (Ohio River, 2010).
Declared one of the most important women of the last 100 years by Für Sie magazine, Mimi's philosophy encourages each individual to envision change and then take action.
Hughes wrote her 2013 memoir Wider Than A Mile.
# Beryl Follet

Beryl Millard Follet (April 26, 1908 – May 1, 1982) was an American football player who played at the halfback, fullback and quarterback positions.
Follet was born in 1908 in Manlius, Illinois. He attended Worcester Academy in Worcester, Massachusetts. He played college football for the NYU Violets from 1927 to 1929. On October 13, 1928, he returned a kickoff 96 yards for a touchdown against Fordham. He also had scored five touchdowns and kicked four extra points against Vermont on September 28, 1929, ran 75 yards for a touchdown against Butler on October 26, 1929, ran 70 yards for a touchdown against Missouri on November 16, 1929, and scored three touchdowns, including a 70-yard run, against Rutgers on November 23, 1929. He also played for the NYU baseball team as a pitcher.
He played professional football in the National Football League (NFL) as a halfback for the Staten Island Stapletons during the 1930 and 1931 seasons. He appeared in 12 NFL games, nine as a starter. He also played in the Eastern Football League for the Mount Vernon Indians in 1932 and in the Interstate Football League for the Bayonne Vikings in 1933.
During World War II, Follet served as director of physical training for the V-12 program at Northwestern University. He later served as the backfield coach for the Coast Guard Academy football team.
Follet died in 1982 at Stony Brook, New York.
# Marcos Rojkind Matlyuk

Marcos Rojkind Matlyuk (July 29, 1935 in Mexico City – September 10, 2011 in Washington, DC) known as Marcos Rojkind, was a professor, doctor, inventor of biotechnology, expert on hepatic fibrosis and winner of the National Prize for Arts and Sciences (Mexico). He taught at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine‘s Marion Bessin Liver Research Center. When he died, Rojkind was Professor of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathology at the George Washington University Medical Center.

## History

His “research was focused on the molecular mechanisms in which alcohol and its metabolites induce liver fibrosis and cirrhosis... the role of laminins in the cell surface adhesion proteins in the amalgamation of tumor invasion and metastasis"
Rojkind graduated from the Medical School at the National Autonomous University of Mexico. In 1962, he received a scholarship from the Helen Hay Witney Foundation that allowed him to study biochemistry under Paul M. Gallop at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York.
When he returned to Mexico, he worked for the pathology department at UNAM and for the Biochemistry Department at the National Institute of Nutrition. He spent ten years at CINVESTAV before moving on to teach classes in biochemistry, molecular biology and pathology at GW.
At the time of his death, he had been living with his wife Patricia Greenwell in Bethesda, Maryland. His youngest child is architect Michael Rojkind.
# Abdallah Possi

Abdallah Saleh Possi (born 25 August 1979) is a Tanzanian diplomat who serves as Tanzania's Permanent Representative to The United Nations Office and other International Organisations in Geneva. Before, he served as Tansania´s Ambassador to Germany, and was also accredited to Austria (until May 2022), Bulgaria, Czech Republic, the Holy See, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Switzerland. Before assuming his first Diplomatic obligations, Possi had served as a Member of Parliament and the Deputy Minister of State in the Prime Minister's Office responsible for Persons with Disability. Previously, he worked as a lecturer at the University of Dodoma in Tanzania; and practiced as an Advocate of the High Court of Tanzania. He had also worked as a tutor at the Institute of Judicial Administration in Lushoto, Tanga, Tanzania. He holds LL.B. and LL.M. from the University of Dar es Salaam (Tanzania), and a Dr. phil. from the University of Erlangen–Nuremberg in Germany. Possi is married and has three children.

## Works

* POSSI, A. (2018) 'Integrating Persons with Disabilities in the East African Labour Market A Comparative Analysis of Employment and Disability Laws in Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda', in J. DÖVELING et al. (eds), Harmonisation of Laws in the East African Community: the State of Affairs with Comparative Insights from the European Union and other Regional Economic Communities, 5 TGCL Series, 213–242.
* POSSI, A. & POSSI, A. 'The identity Question versus Appropriateness of legal Anti-discrimination Measures: Endorsing the Disability Rights Approach to Albinism', African Disability Rights Yearbook, 5 (2017), 118 -140. http://www.adry.up.ac.za/index.php/section-a-articles-2017/abdallah-possi-ally-possi Archived 2020-06-21 at the Wayback Machine
* POSSI, A. 'Implementing Article 33 of the CRPD: Tanzanian approach', African Disability Rights Yearbook, 4 (2016), 191–210. http://www.adry.up.ac.za/index.php/section-a-articles-4-2016/abdallah-possi Archived 2020-06-22 at the Wayback Machine
* POSSI, A. 'Relating Equality and Disability Approaches in Tanzania: The Law in Tanzania Mainland and Zanzibar', Zanzibar Yearbook of Law, 5 (2015), 3 – 29. http://www.zlsc.or.tz/documents/VOLUME%205.pdf Archived 2018-10-08 at the Wayback Machine
* POSSI, A. 'Criminal Justice in Disrepute: An Overview of Treatment of Accused Persons and Convicts in Tanzania', The Open University Law Journal, 1/1 (2007), 83–97.