OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Methanomicrobiales

In the taxonomy of microorganisms, the Methanomicrobiales are an order of the Methanomicrobia. Methanomicrobiales are strictly carbon dioxide reducing methanogens, using hydrogen or formate as the reducing agent. As seen from the phylogenetic tree based on 'The All-Species Living Tree' Project the family Methanomicrobiaceae is highly polyphyletic within the Methanomicrobiales.

## Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
| 16S rRNA based LTP_06_2022 | 53 marker proteins based GTDB 09-RS220 |
| Methanomicrobiaceae (incl. Methanoculleaceae) Methanosphaerulaceae Chuvochina et al. 2024 Methanolinea tarda Methanospirillaceae Boone et al. 2002 Methanolinea mesophila Methanoregulaceae Sakai et al. 2012 Methanofollaceae Chuvochina et al. 2024 Methanocalculaceae Zhilina et al. 2014 Methanocorpusculaceae Zellner et al. 1989 | Methanocorpusculaceae (incl. Methanocalculaceae) Methanofollaceae Methanospirillaceae (incl. Methanosphaerulaceae, Methanoregulaceae) Methanoculleaceae Chuvochina et al. 2024 Methanomicrobiaceae Balch & Wolfe 1981 |
# Brugia timori

Brugia timori is a filarial (arthropod-borne) nematode (roundworm) which causes the disease "Timor filariasis", or "Timorian filariasis". While this disease was first described in 1965, the identity of Brugia timori as the causative agent was not known until 1977. In that same year, Anopheles barbirostris was shown to be its primary vector. There is no known animal reservoir host.

## Signs and symptoms

Like other human filariasis infections, Brugia timori filariasis causes acute fever and chronic lymphedema. The life cycle of Brugia timori is very similar to that of Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi, leading to nocturnal periodicity of the disease symptoms. Eosinophilia is common during acute stages of infection.
So far Brugia timori has only been found in the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia. It is locally confined to areas inhabited by its mosquito vector, which breeds in rice fields. One study of the prevalence of infection in Mainang village, Alor Island, found microfilariae in the blood of 157 of 586 individuals (27%), with 77 of them (13%) exhibiting lymphedema of the leg.

## Parasite

The microfilariae of Brugia timori are longer and morphologically distinct from those of Brugia malayi and Wuchereria bancrofti, with a cephalic space length-to-width ratio of about 3:1. B. timori more closely resembles the symptoms caused by B. malayi and morphologically resembles B. malayi. The sheath of B. timori does not stain pink with Giemsa stain as is observed with B. malayi, however.

### Life cycle

The life cycle is:
* During feeding, mosquitos ingest the infective filariform from an infected host
* Inside the mosquito the microfilariae penetrate the midgut and migrate to muscle tissue to grow and undergo two molts into infective filariform larvae (no sexual reproduction occurs within the mosquito)
* The filariform larvae will migrate to the mouthparts of the mosquito
* Larvae enter the host's circulation and migrate to lymphatic vessels where they develop into microfilariae-producing adults. Here the adults can live for several years
* The infective filariform enter the circulation of the host to repeat the life cycle

### Morphology

B. timori microfilariae have nuclei that extend to the tip of the tail, which is also characteristic of B. malayi but not W. bancrofti. B. timori microfilariae are slightly larger than B. malayi microfilariae.

### Endosymbiont

Aside from vectoring Brugia species, mosquitoes also maintain Wolbachia spp. which have been found to be obligate intracellular bacterial endosymbionts of Brugia spp. Wolbachia supports essential biochemical pathways necessary for the survival of Brugia, especially processes such as embryogenesis and molting.

## Treatment

Anthelmintics such as diethylcarbamazine and albendazole have shown promise in the treatment of Brugia timori filariasis. Some researchers are confident that Brugia timori filariasis may be an eradicable disease. Related filarial nematodes have been found highly sensitive to elimination of their endosymbiotic Wolbachia bacteria, and this may be a powerful attack route against Brugia timori as well.
# Thurgauer Zeitung

Thurgauer Zeitung is a Swiss daily newspaper published in Frauenfeld, Switzerland. Founded in 1798 it is one of the oldest newspapers still in circulation.

## History and profile

Thurgauer Zeitung was established in 1798. The publisher of the paper was Thurgauer Medien AG until October 2005 when Tamedia acquired the daily. Tamedia sold the paper to FPH Freie Presse Holding AG, a subsidiary of NZZ Media Group, in April 2010. Until that date the paper was published by Huber & Co. AG, a subsidiary of Tamedia. CH Media which has been a joint venture of NZZ Media Group since 2018 is the owner of Thurgauer Zeitung.
Thurgauer Zeitung serves the canton of Thurgau. Its headquarters was in Frauenfeld, and later it moved to St. Gallen. As of 2013 the paper was part of Newsnet, a platform of daily newspapers in Switzerland.
In 1967 Thurgauer Zeitung had a circulation of 18,000 copies. It sold 31,879 copies in 1997.
# Vizhenan Rural District

Vizhenan Rural District (Persian: دهستان ويژنان) is in the Central District of Gilan-e Gharb County, Kermanshah province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Nian.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 2,515 in 540 households. There were 2,466 inhabitants in 597 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 2,800 in 627 households. The most populous of its 42 villages was Qilan, with 339 people.
# Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing in Wireless Networks

The Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing in Wireless Networks (GPSR) is a routing protocol for mobile ad-hoc networks. It was developed by B. Karp. It uses a greedy algorithm to do the routing and orbits around a perimeter.

## Coordinates instead of receiver names

GPSR is a geo routing method, which means that data packages are not sent to a special receiver but to coordinates. The packages should be relayed to the node that's geographically closest to the coordinates. This assumes that every node knows its own position.

## Literature

* B.Karp: Challenges in Geographic Routing: Sparse Networks, Obstacles, and Traffic Provisioning. In DIMACS Workshop on Pervasive Networking, Piscataway, NJ, May 2001
* B.Karp: Geographic Routing for Wireless Networks. Ph.D. Dissertation, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, October 2000
* B.Karp, H.T.Kung: Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing for Wireless Networks. In Proceedings of the Sixth Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom 2000), Boston, MA, August 2000, pp. 243-254
* This computer science article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Shefqet Krasniqi

Shefqet Krasniqi (born June 20, 1966) is a Kosovar Muslim cleric and scholar of Islam. He formerly held posts of lecturer at the Faculty of Islamic Studies (Pristina) and Imam of the Imperial Mosque (Pristina). He is an expert in Islamic law, author, translator and publisher.
Krasniqi has been the focus of controversy for his provocative comments concerning other faith communities, traditional gender roles and alleged radicalism. His name was mentioned in the U.S. State Department’s "International Religious Freedom Report for 2013" for allegedly negative views of the Catholic community and "anti-Semitic rhetoric".
He was acquitted by a Pristina Basic Court panel on hate incitement charges in March 2018.

## Biography

Krasniqi was born in the village of Sibofc, Obiliq municipality, Kosovo. He attended high school at the local madrassa "Alauddin" in Pristina. In 1986, he enrolled and later graduated from Medina University in Saudi Arabia, where he attained a doctorate in Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh). Upon returning to Kosovo, Krasniqi was appointed professor at the Faculty of Islamic Studies, and later Imam at the Great Mosque in Pristina. He held the position of professor for five consecutive years while also functioning as Imam.

## Legal Controversies

Shefqet Krasniqi was taken in for questioning by Kosovo Police during September 2014, in an operation aimed at curbing the recruitment of fighters to join radical Islamic groups in Syria and Iraq. Despite being dismissed from his position at the Grand Mosque in 2015, Krasniqi was later released and continued to preach publicly on television, radio, and social media websites.
On February 27, 2017, Kosovo’s Special Prosecutor (SPRK) filed an indictment against Krasniqi, on charges of inciting terrorism, propagating national, racial, and religious intolerance and tax evasion. The indictment alleged that Krasniqi intentionally distributed public messages classifying some religious groups as enemies of Sunni Muslims, inciting and spreading hatred, disunity and intolerance of other religious groups. The indictment also contended that Krasniqi used harsh language during his sermons, promoted via online social networks, encouraging others to travel to conflict zones in Syria and Iraq and commit terrorist acts.
On March 23, 2018, a Pristina Basic Court panel acquitted Shefqet Krasniqi of all charges from the 2017 indictment. The presiding judge cited contradictory statements and lack of evidence as reasons for the acquittal. On October 1, 2018, the appellate court upheld the lower court’s decision, acquitting Krasniqi on all charges.
# Rocky (comic strip)

Rocky is a Swedish autobiographical comic strip created by Martin Kellerman, focusing on an anthropomorphic dog, Rocky, and his friends in their everyday life in Stockholm.

## Overview

Rocky is based on Kellerman's own life. According to Kellerman, "My friends are just such perfect cartoon characters. A lot of times they say things and all I have to do is write it down. Their personalities match and complement each other so well, it's impossible not to write it down. If I wait a while, even the upsetting stuff they can still laugh about."
Some of the humor draws from hip hop culture, and the dialogue sometimes incorporates English phrases. Kellerman states that "when a Swede says something like Jay-Z would say, that's automatically funny. It's still white here, but in Sweden, it's funnier. Most of my friends have grown up on hip-hop, but it's like a joke—we're so not gangsta."
The comic has been translated to Norwegian, Danish, Finnish, Serbian, English, Spanish, and French, either as a running strip or collected in book form.

## History

Kellerman created Rocky after his girlfriend broke up with him and he was fired from his job as a cartoonist for a pornographic magazine. He decided to draw a comic strip about his current situation to entertain himself and his friends and did not initially take it seriously. The strip was picked up by the free newspaper Metro and moved from publication to publication because multiple newspapers canceled the strip in response to reader complaints over its profanity and sexual content.
The strips have been collected in several books, first one published in 1999. Fantagraphics Books published two volumes of the strip, translated into English, in 2005 and 2008. Kellerman also publishes Rocky as a magazine, featuring comic strips and other material, including interviews with hip hop artists such as 50 Cent, M.I.A. and The Game drawn in comic form. Rocky has also been performed as a touring play in Sweden in 2000. 13 episodes of an animated TV series were produced, and have been released on DVD.
# This Darkened Heart

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Exclaim! | Positive |
| Punk News | |
This Darkened Heart is the second studio album by the metalcore band All That Remains, released on March 23, 2004. It includes the singles "This Darkened Heart", "Tattered on My Sleeve" and "The Deepest Gray", all three of which had music videos created for them. The album was produced by Killswitch Engage guitarist Adam Dutkiewicz, who previously produced the band's debut.
This Darkened Heart is the first All That Remains album to feature current rhythm guitarist Mike Martin, the last album to feature drummer Michael Bartlett, and the first album to feature bassist Matt Deis who left the band in 2005 and then rejoined in 2022.

## Musical style

This Darkened Heart marks a shift in the band's sound, moving away from the melodic death metal sound of Behind Silence and Solitude to more of a metalcore sound. Additionally, some of the songs feature clean vocals.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Philip Labonte; all music is composed by All That Remains

## Personnel
### All That Remains

* Philip Labonte – vocals
* Oli Herbert – lead guitar, acoustic guitar
* Mike Martin – rhythm guitar
* Matt Deis – bass, piano
* Michael Bartlett – drums

### Additional

* Adam Dutkiewicz – production, engineering, mixing
* Louie Teran – mastering
* Mike D'Antonio – artwork
# Gowavar District

Gowavar District (Persian: بخش گواوەر) is in Gilan-e Gharb County, Kermanshah province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Sarmast.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the district's population was 19,023 in 3,993 households. The following census in 2011 counted 18,170 people in 4,376 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the district as 16,333 inhabitants in 4,647 households.

### Administrative divisions

Gowavar District Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
| Gowavar RD | 8,699 | 7,917 | 6,801 |
| Heydariyeh RD | 7,890 | 7,395 | 6,619 |
| Sarmast (city) | 2,434 | 2,858 | 2,913 |
| Total | 19,023 | 18,170 | 16,333 |
| RD = Rural District ||||
# Mark Riggins

Mark Alan Riggins (born January 3, 1957) is an American former professional baseball coach.

## Playing career

Riggins attended Murray State University and played five seasons in the minor leagues, from 1979 to 1983. He debuted with the GCL Cardinals, going 3–1 with a 2.16 ERA in 8 appearances. In 1980, Mark excelled with the St. Petersburg Cardinals. His record was 7–3 with 13 saves and a 1.86 ERA in 57 games. He led the Florida State League in saves and made the league All-Star team.
Moving up to the Arkansas Travelers in 1981, Riggins struggled, going 4–6 with one save and a 5.87 ERA. He allowed 109 hits in 89 innings of work. In 1982, Mark became a starter and fared better in a return engagement with Arkansas; his line that year was 10–8, 3.93 and he just missed the Texas League top 10 in ERA.
In his last year as a player, Riggins spent time with St. Petersburg (4–1, 1.54 in 30 games), the Louisville Redbirds (0–0, 4.85 in 5 games) and the Charlotte O's (0–2, 7.66 in 5 games).

## Coaching career

After his playing days ended, he became a minor league coach. His appearances included a stint with the Springfield Cardinals in 1987. He was interim manager of the Louisville Redbirds in 1992 and the St. Louis Cardinals pitching coach in 1995. Riggins was the Cardinals' minor league pitching coordinator from 1996 to 2007 and held the same position for the Chicago Cubs in 2008–2010.
In December 2010, he was named the pitching coach for the Chicago Cubs for the 2011 season.
He spent four years as the pitching coordinator for the Cincinnati Reds minor league system. On October 21, 2015, Riggins was named pitching coach for the Cincinnati Reds. On July 4, 2016, Riggins was fired from the Cincinnati Reds.
# Sürmeli

Sürmeli, Surmalu, or other variants may refer to:

## Administrative divisions

* Surmalu uezd, a county of the Russian Empire 1828–1918

## Settlements

* Sormahlu, Iran
* Sürmeli, Mudurnu, Turkey
* Sürmeli, Tuzluca [tr], Iğdır Province, Turkey
* Sürmeli, Bafra [tr], a populated place in Samsun Province, Turkey

## People

* Ali Sürmeli (born 1959), Turkish actor
* Kürşad Sürmeli (born 1995), Dutch footballer
* Sürmeli Ali Pasha (c. 1645–1695), Ottoman statesman
# Adam Fedoruk

Adam Bogdan Fedoruk (born 11 December 1966) is a Polish football coach and former player who manages Polish club Granica Kętrzyn's youth teams.

## Career

Fedoruk played club football for Olimpia Elbląg, Stal Mielec, Legia Warsaw, Amica Wronki, Raków Częstochowa, AO Kavala, Zatoka Braniewo, Lechia Gdańsk and the Pittsburgh Riverhounds. Between 1990 and 1994, Fedoruk made 18 international appearances for Poland, scoring one goal.

## Honours
### Player

Legia Warsaw
* Ekstraklasa: 1993–94, 1994–95
* Polish Cup: 1993–94, 1994–95

### Player-manager

Polonia Elbląg
* IV liga Warmia-Masuria: 2001–02
* Polish Cup (Warmia-Masuria regionals): 2001–02, 2002–03

### Manager

Mławianka Mława
* Polish Cup (Ciechanów-Ostrołęka regionals): 2014–15
Karpaty Krosno
* Polish Cup (Krosno regionals): 2016–17
# Gurugram University

Gurugram University is an Indian state university located in Gurgaon, Haryana. Established by Haryana Act 17 of 2017, the university started functioning from academic year 2018–19.

## Affiliated College

Mewat Engineering College in Nuh, Haryana is an affiliated college of Gurugram University.

## Departments

Faculty of Commerce and Management
* Department of Management
* Department of Commerce

### Faculty of Law and Humanities

* Department of Law
* Department of Hindi
* Department of English
* Department of Media Studies

### Faculty of Life Sciences

* Department of Physiotherapy
* Department of Neurosciences
* Department of Public Health
* Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences

### Faculty of Science and Technology

* Department of Engineering Technology
* Department of Chemistry
* Department of Physics
* Department of Mathematics

### Faculty of Social Sciences and Education

* Department of Public Policy, Administration and Governance
* Department of Psychology
* Department of Public Administration
* Department of Education
* Department of M.A.(Political Science)
* Department of Economics
# London Voluntary Service Council

The London Voluntary Service Council was the collaborative leader of Greater London’s voluntary and community sector, supporting some 60,000 voluntary, community and social enterprise organisations. It is a registered charity number 276886.

## History

In 1907 the Council of Social Service was founded by social reformer Thomas Hancock Nunn. In 1910 the Social Welfare Association for London was inaugurated with support from the Lord Mayor of London Sir John Knill and the Chairman of the London County Council Sir Melvill Beachcroft. Its aim was to "secure systematic co-operation between social, charitable and industrial undertakings throughout the metropolis, and the establishment of councils of social welfare in every metropolitan borough to give effect to these objects". In 1919 the Association changed its name to the London Council of Social Service (LCSS). This was an advice organisation that provided advice for local councils of social service and coordinated links between voluntary organisations and local authorities. From 1979 it has been known as the London Voluntary Service Council (LVSC). In 2007 its CEO was Elizabeth Balgobin. In 2013 it merged with United Way Worldwide to become United Way London, but returned to its own branding in 2016.
The LVSC entered voluntary liquidation on 31 October 2017. In the statement on the LVSC website, the charity's board said: "After 107 years supporting London's thousands of civil society organisations so they can meet the needs of our communities, LVSC has transferred its remaining functions over to GLV [Greater London Volunteering] in preparation for the establishment of a hub for London.
# Opallionectes

Opallionectes andamookaensis (meaning "the opal swimmer from Andamooka") is the name given to a 5 m (16 ft) long cryptoclidian plesiosaur, which is thought to have lived during the early Cretaceous period (Lower middle Aptian), 115 million years ago, in shallow seas covering what is now Australia.

## Description

An opalized partial skeleton (including vertebrae, ribs, limb elements, teeth, and associated gastroliths) of the animal has been discovered in an opal mine in the Bulldog Shale at Andamooka in South Australia and described by Kear in 2006. It had fine needle like sharp teeth similar to those of nothosaurs and were probably used to trap small prey such as fish and squids. It is considered a sort of missing link between the much older plesiosaurs, living 165 million years ago, and the ones near the end of the Cretaceous, 66 million years ago, between which there had been a gap in the fossil record. Analyses of the sedimentary structures, fossils, isotope data and climatic modeling show that Opallionectes lived in a region characterized by seasonally cold (possibly freezing) conditions, suggesting that it had developed some adaptation to live in cold water, such as seasonal migration or elevated metabolism.
# Ctenotus grandis

Ctenotus grandis, the grand ctenotus, is a species of skink found in Northern Territory and Western Australia.
# André Kolve

André Rajan Kolve (born 1978) is a Norwegian journalist and politician for the Progress Party.
Kolve was adopted from India at a young age. Among others, he was a journalist in Porsgrunns Dagblad before starting as a communications adviser for the Progress Party parliamentary caucus. Among others, he worked closely with deputy leader Per Sandberg. At times, Kolve was accosted and accused of being an Uncle Tom figure, glossing over what the critics perceived as the Progress Party's hostile policy on immigration. The newspaper Natt & Dag made a satire on them sharing a cab, which Kolve and Sandberg found malicious. They brought the case in for the Norwegian Press Complaints Commission, who chose not to deplore Natt & Dag's piece.
When the Progress Party managed to form Solberg's Cabinet in October 2013, Kolve was appointed as a political adviser in the Ministry of Justice and Public Security. In December 2015 he made the change to was appointed State Secretary for Siv Jensen in the Ministry of Finance. He left in December 2016, citing that one could not lead a life in top-level politics indefinitely. He became a PR adviser in Gambit Hill & Knowlton, later changing bureau to Try [no] in 2017. In 2023, he returned to journalism, working for NRK locally in Telemark.
# Gustavsvik, Gotland

Gustavsvik (or Norra Visby) is a locality situated in Gotland Municipality, Gotland County, on the island of Gotland, Sweden with 453 inhabitants in 2010.
# Omar B. Bunnell

Omar B. Bunnell (February 19, 1912 – October 21, 1992) was an American politician and businessman.
Bunnell was born in Castle Dale, Utah. He went to Carbon High School and the University of Utah. He was involved in the mobile house and banking business in Price, Utah and Moab, Utah. He served in the Utah Senate from 1967 to 1992 and was a Democrat. Bunnell died in Price, Utah.
# Lemuel Sawyer

Lemuel Sawyer (1777 – January 9, 1852) was an American politician who served as a U.S. Representative from North Carolina.
Sawyer was born in Camden County, near Elizabeth City, North Carolina. He attended Flatbush Academy, Long Island, New York, and was graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1799. He attended the University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia for a time. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1804 and commenced practice in Elizabeth City, North Carolina.
Sawyer was a member of the State House of Commons in 1800 and 1801. He was elected to the Tenth, Eleventh, and Twelfth Congresses (March 4, 1807 – March 3, 1813) as a Democratic-Republican, and the Fifteenth, Sixteenth, and Seventeenth as a Jacksonian (March 4, 1817 – March 3, 1823). He ran unsuccessfully in 1822 for the Eighteenth Congress. Sawyer was elected to the Nineteenth and Twentieth Congresses (March 4, 1825 – March 3, 1829), but was not reelected in 1828 to the Twenty-first Congress. He was department clerk in Washington, D.C., until his death in that city.
He was interred in the family burying ground at Lambs Ferry, Camden County, North Carolina, about 4 miles (6.4 km) from Elizabeth City, North Carolina.