OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thomas Kilby

Thomas Erby Kilby Sr. (July 9, 1865 – October 22, 1943) was an American politician. He was the eighth lieutenant governor of Alabama and the 36th governor of Alabama.

## Biography

Kilby was born in Lebanon, Tennessee, and was educated in public schools. In 1887, he was an agent for the Georgia-Pacific Railroad in Anniston, Alabama. He became a successful businessman in the industrial and banking business.

## Career

He was a Democratic politician and served as mayor of Anniston, Alabama from 1905 to 1909. He served as Alabama State Senator from 1911 to 1915.
Kilby served as Lieutenant Governor of Alabama from 1915 to 1919 and as Governor of Alabama from 1919 to 1923 In September 1919 two Black men Miles Phifer and Robert Crosky were arrested over allegations they assaulted two white women in separate incidents in Montgomery, Alabama. A mob quickly formed, and a concerned citizen notified Governor Thomas Kilby that there might be a lynching. Kilby ordered the two to be transferred to the relative safety of prison in Wetumpka, Alabama. Nevertheless, they were intercepted and lynched by a White mob on September 29, 1919.
In 1920, Kilby arbitrated the settlement of the lengthy and violent 1920 Alabama coal strike, ruling clearly against the demands of the United Mine Workers of America. The Child Welfare Department was created in 1919 during Kilby's governorship.

## Family life

Kilby married Mary Elizabeth Clark on June 5, 1894. They had three children.
Kilby House, their home in Anniston, Alabama, was built for Kilby while he was Lieutenant Governor. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

## Death and legacy

Kilby died on October 22, 1943, in Anniston, Alabama at 78. He is buried at Highland Cemetery in Anniston.
In 1921, he was depicted on the Alabama Centennial half dollar, making him the first person to appear on a US coin while still alive.
The old Kilby Prison and the current Kilby Correctional Facility are named for Thomas Kilby.
# Arnulf (archbishop of Reims)

Arnulf (also Arnulph or Arnoul) was the illegitimate son of King Lothair of France. He became archbishop of Reims.

## Biography

Arnulf belonged to the Carolingian dynasty, the rule of which in France ended when Arnulf's half-brother, Louis V, died childless. Hugh Capet was elected to succeed him as king. King Hugh made Arnulf archbishop of Reims in March 989, against the will of the previous archbishop, Adalberon, who had wanted to be succeeded by Gerbert of Aurillac. In September, Arnulf supported an attempt to place his uncle Charles, Duke of Lower Lorraine, on the French throne. Charles briefly held Rheims and Laon. In 990, Arnulf refused to attend a synod at Senlis and he and Charles were imprisoned on 29 March.
In June 991 Archbishop Seguin of Sens presided over a Council of Reims in the Basilica of Saint Basle, which deposed Arnulf for alleged high treason, in favour of Gerbert. This deposition was much opposed, however. Pope John XV sent Leo, abbot of Saints Boniface and Alexius at Rome, as legate to preside over a synod at Mouzon on 2 June 995. Gerbert was suspended from the episcopum. A second synod, held on 1 July, declared the whole process of deposition and elevation to be illegal and invalid. Thus, Arnulf was reinstated.
Arnulf crowned Hugh Magnus, the son of Hugh Capet's successor, Robert II, as co-king in the Capetian tradition in 1017. At this time, any resistance to the new dynasty had died in him. He held the see until his death in 1021, then the only direct male line descendant of the Carolingian family in the eldest living branch aside from his first cousin Louis, who died two years later.
# Sacred pit of Garlo

42°47′13″N 22°50′53″E﻿ / ﻿42.787°N 22.848°E﻿ / 42.787; 22.848
The Sacred pit of Garlo is an archaeological site near the village of Garlo in Pernik District, Bulgaria.

## Description and cultural context

The site was excavated in 1972 by Professor Dr. Dimitrina Dzhonova and her team. Professor Mitova-Dzhonova dates the pit to around the 11th century BC and relates the site to the sacred pits found within the remains of the Nuragic civilization in Sardinia. Outside Sardinia such sites have been found on the Crimean Peninsula (Ukraine) and in Palestine.
The sacred pit was constructed in a little valley lined with many springs in prehistoric times. The southern part of the pit is dug into the ground. A 7-metre (23 ft) corridor (δρόμος) with thirteen stone steps leads into a round domed room (θολός) at the center of which, over the source, is a well 5 metres (16 ft) deep.
The sacred pit is a sophisticated device, established entirely underground. The long axis of the well is oriented north–south but it was constructed on the eastern slope of a hill, now above a small water reservoir built in the 1960s. The entrance to the underground chamber is on the east side and consists of a flight of 24 steps 1.1 metres (3 ft 7 in) wide. The first nine steps are in the open air, the next 15 are underground.
The steps lead to an underground vaulted round circular chamber 4.2 metres (14 ft) in diameter. On the top of the vault a circular hole to the sky, 2.3 metres (7 ft 7 in) wide. The underground staircase joins the vaulted chamber by an arched gate 2.4 metres (7 ft 10 in) high. The construction is 'almost identical' to the Funtana Coberta at Ballao in Sardinia.
Directly above the temple, an ancient sanctuary of the sun was organised. Today the rock massif and the terrain of the sanctuary are covered by young forest. According to the memories of local residents, signs are carved in the surrounding rocks, and there is a small stone basin near the temple well. That information, although acquired from residents of the village of Garlo, deserve particular attention because monuments are identified with certain elements of the Nuraghe culture and formed the cult of the Moon and the complementary nature of the sacred pit.
How the sacred megalithic facility and the entire religious complex in the village of Garlo was built remains an open question for modern historians and archaeologists. Immigrants from the Nuraghe culture may have wished to have a religious facility in their new place of settlement or local residents may have led builders to build them such a facility for some reason.
During field studies conducted in the 1970s, Professor Mitova-Dzhonova's team have found archeological sites that might belong to similar sanctuaries in the villages of Berayintsi, Rebro, Dolna Melna, Paramun and Dolni Romantzi (Pernik District, Bulgaria).

## Purpose

According to Mitova-Dzhonova, ancient deities of water, or more precisely of underworld water resources, were worshipped in the sacred pit at Garlo.
# The Phantom Submarine (film)

The Phantom Submarine is a 1940 American adventure film directed by Charles Barton and written by Joseph Krumgold. The film stars Anita Louise, Bruce Bennett, Oscar O'Shea, John Tyrrell, Pedro de Cordoba and Victor Wong. The film was released on December 20, 1940, by Columbia Pictures.

## Plot

Journalist and US Navy frogman investigate U-boat terror.

## Cast

* Anita Louise as Madeleine Neilson
* Bruce Bennett as Paul Sinclair
* Oscar O'Shea as Captain Velsar
* John Tyrrell as Dreaux
* Pedro de Cordoba as Henri Jerome
* Victor Wong as Willie Ming
* Charles McMurphy as 2nd Mate
* Harry Strang as Chief Engineer
* Don Beddoe as Bartlett
# List of Korean photographers

This is a list of Korean photographers.

## A

* Jun Ahn

## B

* Bae Bien-u (1950-)
* Chan-Hyo Bae (1975-)
* Bae Doona (1979-)

## J

* Ina Jang (1982-)

## K

* Atta Kim (1956-)
* Kim Jung-man (1954-)
* Miru Kim (1981-)

## L

* Jungjin Lee (1961-)
* Nikki S. Lee (1970-)

## P

* Park Jung-geun (1988-)
* Park Nohae (1957-)
* Soi Park

## S

* Min Chung Sik (1890-1977)

## Y

* Yoo Byung-eun (1941-2014)
# Muhammad Ali vs. Jerry Quarry II

Muhammad Ali vs. Jerry Quarry II, billed as Double Jeopardy, was a professional boxing match contested on June 27, 1972, for the NABF heavyweight championship. Ali won on a TKO after the referee stopped the fight at Ali's request.

## Background

Ali called Quarry “the last of the white hopes” and described himself and Bob Foster as the soul brothers. Foster was facing Quarry's brother Mike as the first half of a double header.
Ali was rated a 5‐1 favourite going into the bout.

## The fight

Quarry did better than in their first fight but once again struggled to close the distance with Ali, who once again dominated most of the fight from the outside. Quarry was hurt going into the seventh round, and after landing several unanswered shots, Ali signaled to the referee to stop the fight, which he did shortly afterwards.

## Aftermath

Speaking after Foster's successful defence, his promoter Lou Viscusi suggesting he might move up to face Ali saying “I'd like to try that left for size on Ali”.

## Undercard

Confirmed bouts:

## Broadcasting

| Country | Broadcaster |
| Mexico | Telesistema Mexicano |
| Philippines | ABS-CBN |
| United Kingdom | ITV |
# Samuel Jacob Rabinowitz

Samuel Jacob Rabinowitz (Yiddish: שמואל יעקב בן שמעון מאיר ראבינאוויץ; 1857–1921) was a Lithuanian rabbi, writer, and Zionist leader. He has been described as the "greatest spokesman of religious Zionism before Reines."
Rabinowitz was born in Kelme, Kovno Governorate, in 1857. He became rabbi at Ivye in 1887, and was called in the same year to Aleksot. He was an early member of Ḥovevei Zion, and was a delegate to the Second Zionist Congress at Basel. He became rabbi of Sopotkin in 1900, and of Liverpool in 1906.

## Work

Rabinowitz contributed a number of articles to Ha-Melitz, which later were published under the title Ha-Dat veha-Le'ummiyyut (Warsaw, 1900). A collection of his responsa and novellae were published as Sefer Oraḥ Yashar in Vilna in 1903.

### Selected publications

* Ha-Dat veha-Le'ummiyyut [Religion and Nationalism]. Warsaw. 1900.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Sefer Oraḥ Yashar. Vilna. 1903.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Li-Tekufot ha-Yamim [The Cycle of Seasons]. 1918.
* Sefer Yashresh Ya'akov. Liverpool: Rabbi S. J. Rabinowitz Memorial Publication Fund. 1925.
# .416 Ruger

The .416 Ruger is a .41 caliber (10.6 x 65.5mm), rimless, bottleneck cartridge designed as a joint venture by Hornady and Ruger in 2008. It is designed to equal the performance of the .416 Rigby and .416 Remington Magnum from a standard length .30-06 length action. The .416 Ruger is suitable for the largest land animals, including dangerous game.

## Description

The .416 Ruger is based on the earlier .375 Ruger. This family of cartridges has the same base diameter as the belt of the .375 H&H Magnum and its derivatives, which provides the cartridge a larger propellant capacity than a standard length magnum cartridge of the same length, such as the .338 Winchester Magnum. The resultant cartridge duplicates the performance of the .416 Rigby and the .416 Remington Magnum. Unlike these cartridges, however, the .416 Ruger can be chambered in a standard-length action, as the cartridge has an overall length of 3.34 inches.
The .416 Ruger cartridge is currently available in the bolt-action Ruger M77 Hawkeye rifles with two variations listed on Ruger’s website as of 2024: the "African" and the "Guide Gun" rifles. Ruger formerly offered their No.1 single shot rifle in the cartridge but has since discontinued the combination. Krieghoff offers a bolt action rifle chambered for the round. Aftermarket barrel conversions for the Thompson Center Encore are also available in the chambering.
Ammunition is available from Hornady and Buffalo Bore.
# Mongolian calligraphy

Mongolian calligraphy is a form of calligraphy or artistic writing of the Mongolian language.
Although Mongolia uses the Cyrillic script which was adopted during the Communist era, Mongolian calligraphy is written in the traditional Mongolian script. In 2013, Mongolian calligraphy was inscribed on the UNESCO List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding. At present, only three middle-aged scholars voluntarily train the small community of just over twenty young calligraphers. Traditionally, mentors select the best students and train them to be calligraphers over a period of five to eight years. Students and teachers bond for life and continue to stimulate each other’s artistic endeavours. The rate of social transformation, urbanization and globalization have led to a significant drop in the number of young calligraphers.

## Implements

The reed pen was the writing instrument of choice until the 18th century, when the brush took its place under Chinese influence. Pens were also historically made of wood, reed, bamboo, bone, bronze, or iron. Ink used was black or cinnabar red, and written with on birch bark, paper, cloths made of silk or cotton, and wooden or silver plates.
* Gallery
# Birbir River

The Birbir River of southwestern Ethiopia is a tributary of the Baro River, which it creates at its confluence with the Gebba. It is politically important because its course defines part of the boundary between the Mirab Welega and Illubabor Zones of the Oromia Region. Richard Pankhurst notes that the Birbir is economically important for the discovery in 1904 of deposits of platinum along its course.
# Appunti su un fatto di cronaca

Appunti su un fatto di cronaca (lit. Notes on a News Story) is a 1951 Italian documentary film directed by Luchino Visconti.

## Premise

The film documents the real rape and murder of Annarella Bracci, 12, perpetrated on 18 January 1950, in Primavalle.

## Cast

* Vasco Pratolini: Narrator (voice)
# Jeziornik

Jeziornik is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Zblewo, within Starogard County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south-east of Zblewo, 14 km (9 mi) south-west of Starogard Gdański, and 56 km (35 mi) south of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Helen of the Palatinate

Helen of the Palatinate (9 February 1493, Heidelberg – 4 August 1524, Schwerin) was a member of the Palatinate-Simmern branch of House of Wittelsbach and a Countess Palatine of Simmern by birth and by marriage Duchess of Mecklenburg.

## Life

Helen was a daughter of the Elector Palatine Philip (1448–1508) from his marriage to Margaret (1456–1501), daughter of Duke Louis IX of Bavaria-Landshut.
She married on 15 June 1513 in Wismar with Duke Henry V of Mecklenburg (1479–1552). Fineke von Greese had to be told not to wear her best dress, so as not to outshine the bride. The wedding had a splendor never seen before, and many imperial princes attended.
Helene died in 1524 and was buried in Schwerin Cathedral. She was the first member of the ducal family to be buried in Schwerin, until then the dukes and duchesses had been buried in the Doberan Minster. Her epitaph was created by Peter Vischer the Elder. Until 1845, it was attached to the wall behind the altar; today it is located in the south passage, next to the entrance.

## Issue

From her marriage, Helen had the following children:
* Philip (1514–1557), Duke of Mecklenburg
* Margaret (1515–1559)
    married in 1537 Duke Henry II of Münsterberg Oels (1507-1548)
* Catherine (1518–1581)
    married in 1538 Duke Frederick III of Legnica (1520-1570)
# Pinga (footballer, born 1965)

Jorge Luis da Silva Brum, best known as Pinga (born 30 April 1965, in Porto Alegre), is a Brazilian former footballer who played as a defender either in the centre, or as a full-back.
Throughout his career (1984–2000) he played with Sport Club Internacional, Ituano, Corinthians, Rio Branco, Londrina, América (SP), Fortaleza, Paysandu and Serrano (RJ). He won three Campeonato Rio Grande do Sul titles (1984, 1991, 1992), two Brazilian Cups (1992, 1995) and one São Paulo State Championship. With the Brazilian Olympic Team he won a silver medal at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# William B. Williams (Michigan politician)

William Brewster Williams (July 28, 1826 – March 4, 1905) was a politician and judge from the U.S. State of Michigan.
Williams was born in Pittsford, New York. He attended the common schools, received an academic education, and graduated from the State and National Law School, Ballston Spa, New York in 1851. He was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Rochester, New York. He moved to Allegan, Michigan in 1855.
Williams was a probate court judge from 1857 to 1865 and a member of the Michigan Senate from 1866 to 1870, serving as president pro tempore in 1869. He was also a member of the State constitutional convention in 1867, and a Michigan delegate to 1868 Republican National Convention. In 1871, he was appointed by Governor Henry P. Baldwin to serve as a member of the State board for the supervisory control of the charitable, penal, and beneficiary institutions, which position he resigned upon his election to the U.S. Congress.
After the death of U.S. Representative Wilder D. Foster on September 20, 1873, Williams was elected November 4, 1873 as a Republican to fill the vacancy. Williams was elected to represent Michigan's 5th congressional district in the 43rd Congress, serving from December 1, 1873 to March 3, 1877. He was not a candidate for re-nomination in 1876.
William B. Williams served as railroad commissioner of Michigan from 1877 to 1883 and resumed the practice of law. He died in Allegan and is interred there in Oakwood Cemetery.
# Rašice

Rašice (Hungarian: Felsőrás) is a village and municipality in Revúca District in the Banská Bystrica Region of Slovakia.
# Cloforex

Cloforex (Oberex) is an anorectic of the amphetamine class. It is a prodrug to chlorphentermine. It never became a mass produced drug in part due to the side effects found in mice. Mice who consumed 75 mg of cloforex a day experienced weight loss along with pulmonary hypertension and hair loss.
# Allen Potter

Allen Potter (October 2, 1818 – May 8, 1885) was a politician from the U.S. state of Michigan.
Potter was born in Galloway (now Galway, New York) and attended the common schools. He moved to Adrian, Michigan, in 1830 and to Jonesville, Michigan, in 1838 where he learned the trade of tinsmith. He moved to Kalamazoo in 1845 and engaged in the retail hardware business until 1858, when he engaged in banking and in the manufacture of gas.
Potter was a member of the Michigan House of Representatives in 1857. He also served as president of the village council in 1859, 1863, 1870, and again in 1872. He was elected a member of the board of education in 1867, 1869, and 1871, serving as president in 1869. He was also a member of the board of water commissioners in 1872 and an unsuccessful Liberal Republican candidate for election to the 43rd United States Congress that same year.
Potter was elected as a Democrat from Michigan's 4th congressional district to the 44th Congress, serving from March 4, 1875, to March 3, 1877. He was not a candidate for reelection in 1876 and resumed banking activities as well as being financially interested in railroads and Colorado mining enterprises.
Allen Potter served as member of the sewer commission from 1880 to 1883 and was elected as the first mayor of Kalamazoo in 1884. He also served as treasurer of the State asylum for the insane. He died in Kalamazoo and is interred there in the City Cemetery.
# Structural set theory

In mathematics, a structural set theory is an approach to set theory that emphasizes the aspect of sets as abstract structures. It is in contrast to a more traditional ZFC set-theory, which emphasizes membership. A prime example is Lawvere's Elementary Theory of the Category of Sets, which identifies sets in terms of relations to each other through functions. Another example is SEAR (Sets, Elements, And Relations).
The adjective "structural" comes from the structuralism in the philosophy of mathematics.
# Ash Hunter

Ash Hunter is a British actor known for playing Heathcliff in Emma Rice’s production of Wuthering Heights at The National Theatre in London and Alexander Hamilton in the West End musical, Hamilton. He also had recurring roles in TV series Bridgerton (Netflix), Harlots (ITV/BBC/HULU) and The Secret Agent (BBC).

## Career

Hunter played the character Hedges in The Secret Agent – a BBC miniseries starring Stephen Graham and Toby Jones about a 19th century shop owner who doubles as a Russian spy.
He starred as the alternate Alexander Hamilton in the original production of hit West End musical Hamilton at the Victoria Palace Theatre in London from 2017-2018 before taking on the lead role full-time from December 2018 to early 2019.
In 2019 he took on the role of Hal Pincher in the third season of period TV drama Harlots, alongside Alfie Allen as his brother Isaac.
In 2020 he played Tom in series 1 of Shondaland’s historical-romance TV series Bridgerton, which became the most watched original TV series ever on Netflix
In 2021/22 Hunter took on the leading role of Heathcliff in Emma Rice’s acclaimed production of Wuthering Heights at The Bristol Old Vic in Bristol and The National Theatre in London.
The Times, which gave the play five stars, wrote: “The excellent Hunter sells us both on Heathcliff’s capricious cruelty and on the context of it” while the Evening Standard said: “Hunter powerfully expresses the character’s seething resentment and brutal iron will.” The British Theatre Guide called his depiction “an excellent performance of a difficult, complex character”.
Hunter’s other theatre credits include: A Midsummer Night's Dream at the Almeida, Antony and Cleopatra with the RSC and Light Shining in Buckinghamshire at The National Theatre.
He was included in the Evening Standard’s ‘The faces to watch in 2022 in TV and theatre’ list.
Most recently, Ash Hunter performed in Macbeth (2024) at the Leeds Playhouse. His performance was loved among critics.