OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# István Bognár

István Bognár (born 6 May 1991) is a Hungarian football midfielder who plays for MTK Budapest.

## Club career

He played in Újpest FC B, but was a member of Újpest FC first squad. He is the son of former Hungarian international player György Bognár.

### Ferencváros

On 10 January 2017, Bognár was signed by Nemzeti Bajnokság I club Ferencvárosi TC. Two days later it was also revealed that Ferencváros did not pay for Bognár for Diósgyőri VTK because the two clubs rather exchanged their two players. Busai was exchanged for Bognár by the two clubs.

### Aris Limassol

On 1 February 2022, Bognár joined Aris Limassol in Cyprus on loan.

## International career

He was called up to the senior Hungary squad to face Faroe Islands in August 2016.

## Club statistics

    As of 15 May 2021
| Club | Season | League | League | Cup | Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Europe | Europe | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Vasas |
| Vasas | 2009–10 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Vasas | Total | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Újpest |
| Újpest | 2010–11 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| Újpest | 2011–12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
| Újpest | Total | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 1 |
| Újpest II |
| Újpest II | 2010–11 | 23 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23 | 5 |
| Újpest II | 2011–12 | 18 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 4 |
| Újpest II | Total | 41 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 41 | 9 |
| Mezőkövesd |
| Mezőkövesd | 2012–13 | 29 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 31 | 10 |
| Mezőkövesd | 2013–14 | 24 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 33 | 6 |
| Mezőkövesd | 2017–18 | 14 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 1 |
| Mezőkövesd | Total | 67 | 12 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 17 |
| Diósgyőr |
| Diósgyőr | 2014–15 | 22 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 34 | 5 |
| Diósgyőr | 2015–16 | 27 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 29 | 5 |
| Diósgyőr | 2016–17 | 18 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 4 |
| Diósgyőr | Total | 67 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 84 | 14 |
| Ferencváros |
| Ferencváros | 2016–17 | 14 | 0 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 2 |
| Ferencváros | 2017–18 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Ferencváros | Total | 14 | 0 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 2 |
| MTK Budapest |
| MTK Budapest | 2018–19 | 33 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 34 | 6 |
| MTK Budapest | 2019–20 | 16 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 9 |
| MTK Budapest | Total | 49 | 12 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | 15 |
| Paks |
| Paks | 2020–21 | 30 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 33 | 10 |
| Paks | Total | 30 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 33 | 10 |
| Career Total | | 270 | 51 | 33 | 10 | 15 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 322 | 68 |
# Gol Makan-e Baseri

Gol Makan-e Baseri (Persian: گل مكان باصري, also Romanized as Gol Makān-e Bāşerī; also known as Gol Makān-e Pā’īn, Gol Makān-e Soflá, Gol Makūn-e Bāşerī, and Qal‘eh-ye Pā’īn) is a village in Abarj Rural District, Dorudzan District, Marvdasht County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 519, in 122 families.
# Sherman Page

Sherman Page (May 9, 1779 – September 27, 1853) was an American lawyer, jurist, and politician who served two terms as a U.S. Representative from New York from 1833 to 1837.

## Biography

Born in Cheshire, Connecticut, Page attended the common schools. He taught school in Coventry, New York, in 1799. He studied law. He was admitted to the bar in 1805 and commenced practice in Unadilla, New York.
He served as member of the State assembly in 1827. He served as judge of the court of common pleas in Otsego County.

### Congress

Page was elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth Congresses (March 4, 1833 – March 3, 1837).
He served as chairman of the Committee on Public Expenditures (Twenty-fourth Congress).

### Death

He died in Unadilla, New York, September 27, 1853. He was interred in St. Matthew's Cemetery.

## Sources

* United States Congress. "Sherman Page (id: P000023)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
U.S. House of Representatives :
| Preceded byWilliam Hogan | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 19th congressional district March 4, 1833 – March 3, 1837 | Succeeded byJohn H. Prentiss |
This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
# Mare' Subdistrict

Mare' Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية مارع, romanized: Nāḥiyah Mare') is a subdistrict of Azaz District in the Aleppo Governorate of northern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Mare'. Adjacent subdistricts of Azaz District are Tell Rifaat to the west, Sawran to the north and Akhtarin to the east.
At the 2004 census, the subdistrict had a population of 39,306.
# Bratwurst-Röslein

Bratwurst-Röslein is a traditional restaurant in Nuremberg, Germany founded in 1431. The restaurant, which claims to be the largest sausage restaurant in the world, is located in the old town at the Nuremberg Christkindlesmarkt.
# Volleyball at the 1979 Pan American Games

This page presents the results of the men's and women's volleyball tournament during the 1979 Pan American Games, which was held in the first two weeks of July, 1979 in Caguas, Puerto Rico.

## Men's indoor tournament
### Final ranking

| Place | Team |
| 1. | Cuba |
| 2. | Brazil |
| 3. | Canada |
| 4. | Mexico |
| 5. | United States |
| 6. | Puerto Rico |
| 7. | Dominican Republic |
| 8. | Venezuela |
* 1979 Pan American Games winners
* Cuba Third title

## Women's indoor tournament
### Final ranking

| Place | Team |
| 1. | Cuba |
| 2. | Peru |
| 3. | Brazil |
| 4. | United States |
| 5. | Mexico |
| 6. | Canada |
| 7. | Dominican Republic |
| 8. | Puerto Rico |
* 1979 Pan American Games winners
* Cuba Third title
# A City Decides

A City Decides is a 1956 American short documentary film directed by Charles Guggenheim about the racial integration of St. Louis Public Schools. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short.
# Free Spirit World Tour

The Free Spirit World Tour is the fourth headlining concert tour by American singer Khalid, in support of his second studio album, Free Spirit (2019). It began on June 20, 2019 in Glendale at Gila River Arena.

## Background

On April 1, 2019, the singer announced he will be going on his first ever arena tour to promote Free Spirit. Dates were first announced in North America, with Clairo was announced as the opening act. On April 8, 2019, dates were announced for Europe and Oceania, with Mabel and Raye announced as opening acts for Europe.

## Set list

This set list is representative of the concert in Glendale on June 20, 2019. It does not represent all concerts for the duration of the tour.
* "Free Spirit"
* "8teen"
* "Twenty One"
* "Hundred"
* "Saved"
* "My Bad"
* "Bad Luck"
* "Bluffin'"
* "Vertigo"
* "Motion"
* "Better"
* "Right Back"
* "Location"
* "Silence"
* "American Teen"
* "Another Sad Love Song"
* "Heaven"
* "Alive"
* "Paradise"
* "Self"
* "Talk"
* "Outta My Head"
* "Young Dumb & Broke"
* "Eastside"
* "Love Lies"
* "OTW"
* "Intro"
* "Keep Me"
* "Salem's Interlude"
* "Saturday Nights"
# Fosazepam

Fosazepam is a drug belonging to the benzodiazepine class, which are primarily anti-anxiety and sedative-hypnotic agents. It is a water soluble derivative of diazepam which has been substituted with a dimethylphosphoryl group to improve solubility in water. At equipotent doses (100 mg fosazepam and 10 mg diazepam), it possesses sedative and anxiolytic properties that are qualitatively and quantitatively similar to the effects of diazepam, with equal sedative-hypnotic, anti-convulsive, and muscle relaxant effects. In comparison to an equipotent dose of nitrazepam (100 mg fosazepam and 10 mg nitrazepam), its effects tended to be of noticeably milder magnitude.
Fosazepam has similar effects on sleep as other benzodiazepines. In a clinical trial it was reported that fosazepam to lead to increased sleep duration with less broken sleep but sleep quality was worsened with suppressed deep sleep and increased light sleep. Adverse effects included feelings of impaired morning vitality and upon discontinuing the drug benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms of anxiety, impaired concentration and impaired morning vitality were experienced. Another clinical trial also found worsening of sleep while on benzodiazepines as well as during withdrawal with suppression of deep sleep stages including REM sleep, with increased light sleep upon withdrawal. The main metabolites of fosazepam are 3-hydroxyfosazepam and the active metabolite desmethyldiazepam which has a very long elimination half-life of about 3 days. Tolerance to the hypnotic effects of fosazepam starts to develop after about 7 days of use. Due to the very long elimination half-life of the active metabolite of fosazepam it is not recommended for use as a hypnotic. The main pharmacological effects of fosazepam may be due to its metabolite nordiazepam (desmethyldiazepam), rather than the parent drug. The long-acting active metabolite nordazepam can cause extended sedative effects at high doses or with prolonged use, and may produce residual sedation upon awakening.
Fosazepam is of relatively low potency compared to other benzodiazepine derivatives, with a 100 mg dose of fosazepam equivalent to 10 mg of diazepam and 10 mg nitrazepam. 60 mg of fosazepam has also been estimated to be equivalent to about 6 mg of diazepam. Fosazepam has similar effects to nitrazepam, but with a shorter duration of action and less tendency to cause over sedation, motor-impairment, amnesia, rebound insomnia, and morning grogginess.
# Robert Treat Paine (North Carolina politician)

Robert Treat Paine (February 18, 1812 – February 8, 1872) was an American planter, ship builder and lawyer from Edenton, North Carolina. He served as a Colonel of volunteers in the Mexican–American War and represented North Carolina in the U.S. Congress as a Know Nothing. He was educated at Washington College (now Trinity College).
Paine moved to Texas in 1860 and resumed farming. He died in 1872 at Galveston and is buried in Prairie Lea Cemetery at Brenham, Texas.
# Creative Partnerships

Creative Partnerships was the UK government's flagship creative learning programme, established in 2002 as part of the council's SR2000 settlement to develop young people's creativity through artists' engagement with schools in nominated areas across England. Following the 2010 election of the coalition government, funding was cut by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport and Arts Council England in 2011, with activity in schools ending in summer 2011.

## Aim

It aimed to build sustainable learning partnerships between schools, creative and cultural organisations, and individuals.

## Methods

Creative Partnerships facilitated many long-term links between schools and creative professionals, such as artists, architects, scientists and multimedia developers. Research reports covering many different aspects of the programme, conducted by researchers from a number of universities and consultancies, are available online. Reports include literature reviews about creativity and education, teacher identity, pupil wellbeing and tracking progression in creativity; evaluations and surveys of the programme; and qualitative research investigating pedagogy, wellbeing and progression.

## Programme delivery

From 2002 - 2009, representatives of local arts council offices delivered the programme in 36 areas of England. Peter Jenkinson OBE was the first national director of the programme and he was succeeded by Paul Collard. From 2009 - 2011, responsibility for Creative Partnership was transferred to Creativity, Culture and Education; 25 organizations were funded for that purpose. These were a range of independent and ‘host’ cultural organisations, with many of the individuals working there transferring from Arts Council England.

## Funding

The organisation was managed by Arts Council England and funded by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport with additional funding from the Department for Education. It was finally managed by Creativity, Culture and Education (CCE).

## Outcomes

Research by PricewaterhouseCoopers found that "young people involved with Creative Partnerships activities achieve, on average, 2.5 grades better at GCSE than their peers in similar schools".
# Scaphidium

Scaphidium is a genus of shining fungus beetles belonging to the family Staphylinidae, subfamily Scaphidiinae.

## Species

These 62 species belong to the genus Scaphidium:
* Scaphidium ahrensi Tu & Tang$^g$
* Scaphidium amurense Solsky, 1871
* Scaphidium bayibin i Tang et al., 2014
* Scaphidium becvari Löbl, 1999
* Scaphidium biwenxuani He, Tang & Li, 2008$^g$
* Scaphidium castanicolor Csiki, 1924$^g$
* Scaphidium comes Loebl, 1968$^g$
* Scaphidium connexum Tang et al., 2014
* Scaphidium crypticum Tang et al., 2014
* Scaphidium delatouchei Achard, 1920$^g$
* Scaphidium deletum Heer, 1847 †
* Scaphidium direptum Tang & Li, 2010$^g$
* Scaphidium egregium Achard, 1922
* Scaphidium fainanense Pic, 1915$^g$
* Scaphidium flavofasciatum Miwa & Mitono, 1943
* Scaphidium flavomaculatum Miwa & Nitono, 1943$^g$
* Scaphidium formosanum Pic, 1915$^g$
* Scaphidium fukiense Pic, 1954$^g$
* Scaphidium grande Gestro, 1880$^g$
* Scaphidium inexspectatum Löbl, 1999
* Scaphidium inflexitibiale Tang & Li, 2010
* Scaphidium jinmingi Tang et al., 2014
* Scaphidium jizuense Löbl, 1999
* Scaphidium klapperichi Pic, 1954$^g$
* Scaphidium kubani Löbl, 1999
* Scaphidium kurbatovi Löbl, 1999
* Scaphidium laxum Tang & Li, 2010
* Scaphidium liui Tang & Li, 2010
* Scaphidium longipenne Achard, 1921$^g$
* Scaphidium longum Tang & Li, 2010
* Scaphidium lunare Löbl, 1999
* Scaphidium lunatum Motschulsky, 1859
* Scaphidium montivagum Shirozu & Morimoto, 1963
* Scaphidium nigrocinctulum Oberthur, 1884$^g$
* Scaphidium obliteratum LeConte, 1860$^g$
* Scaphidium ornatum Casey
* Scaphidium piceum Melsheimer, 1844$^{gb}$
* Scaphidium pusillum Gyllenhal, 1808$^g$
* Scaphidium quadriguttatum Melsheimer$^{icgb}$
* Scaphidium quadrimaculatum Olivier, 1790$^g$
* Scaphidium quinquemaculatum Pic, 1915$^g$
* Scaphidium reni Tang & Li, 2010
* Scaphidium robustum Tang et al., 2014
* Scaphidium sauteri Miwa & Nitono, 1943$^g$
* Scaphidium schuelkei Löbl, 1999
* Scaphidium shibatai Kimura, 1987$^g$
* Scaphidium shrakii Miwa & Nitono, 1943$^g$
* Scaphidium sichuanum Löbl, 1999
* Scaphidium sinense Pic, 1954$^g$
* Scaphidium sinuatum Csiki, 1924$^g$
* Scaphidium solukhumbu$^g$
* Scaphidium spinatum Tang & Li, 2010
* Scaphidium stigmatinotum Loebl, 1999$^g$
* Scaphidium takahashii Miwa & Nitono, 1943$^g$
* Scaphidium variegatum Pic, 1915$^g$
* Scaphidium varifasciatum Tang et al., 2014
* Scaphidium vernicatum Pic, 1954$^g$
* Scaphidium vicinum Pic, 1915$^g$
* Scaphidium wuyongxiangi He, Tang & Li, 2008$^g$
* Scaphidium yeti $^g$
* Scaphidium yunnanum Fairmaire, 1886
* Scaphidium yuzhizhoui Tang, Tu & Li$^g$
Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net
# Tattered Cover

39°44′23″N 104°57′23″W﻿ / ﻿39.73972°N 104.95639°W﻿ / 39.73972; -104.95639
Tattered Cover is a bookstore chain in Denver, Colorado. It was one of the largest independent bookstores in the United States. Tattered Cover is open seven days a week at all branches, hosts prominent book signings, and is known for its customer service. Together, the stores maintain an inventory of over half a million books. Its LoDo store houses an events space that can seat over 250 persons, while its East Colfax store can seat around 100.

## History

Tattered Cover opened in 1971 in the Cherry Creek district of Denver as a small 950 sq ft (88 m$^2$) bookshop. The original owner was Stephen Cogil, an Aurora native who became a Bookstore Consultant. It was purchased in 1974 by Joyce Meskis. Between 1973 and 1983, it expanded seven times, and in 1986 it moved into and consolidated at a new location in the Cherry Creek neighborhood, which remained open for over 20 years.
A second location was renovated and opened for business in 1994 in Denver's historic LoDo (lower downtown) district. In 1995, the Fourth Story Restaurant & Bar opened at the Cherry Creek location. In November 2004, a third location opened in Highlands Ranch. In April 2015, that store relocated to Littleton. The Cherry Creek location closed in June 2006 and moved to the newly renovated, long-defunct Lowenstein Theatre on Elizabeth Street at East Colfax Avenue in Denver. The Fourth Story restaurant did not move to that location and closed in 2006.
Like many independent bookstores, Tattered Cover is a member of the American Booksellers Association, and Meskis served as president of that organization in the early 1990s. Meskis is a former board member of the American Booksellers Foundation for Free Expression and is also the recipient of The William J. Brennan, Jr. Award from The Thomas Jefferson Center for the Protection of Free Expression, the PEN/Newman First Amendment Award, the Brandeis Award from Privacy International, and the American Library Association's John Phillip Immroth Memorial Award for Intellectual Freedom.
Meskis announced the sale of the bookstore in 2015 to Len Vlahos and Kristen Gilligan. In December 2020, Vlahos and Gilligan sold the company to a group of investors led by David Back and Kwame Spearman. On October 16, 2023, Tattered Cover filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, and announced that three stores would close and 27 staff would be laid off. Sale to Barnes & Noble was approved by a bankruptcy court in July 2024.

### Colorado Supreme Court case

In 2000 the store resisted, on First Amendment grounds, a search warrant for records related to purchases made by a customer suspected of illegally manufacturing methamphetamine. The case made national news, and was eventually decided in the store's favor by the Colorado Supreme Court. Investigators were attempting to establish a connection between a suspect and books found on his premises how to manufacture the drug. The purchase in question was later revealed to be of a book on Japanese calligraphy.
# Biathlon at the 1968 Winter Olympics

Biathlon at the 1968 Winter Olympics consisted of two biathlon events, held at Autrans. The events began on 9 February and ended on 11 February 1968. This was the first Olympics to feature more than one biathlon race, as the 4 x 7.5 kilometre relay made its debut.

## Medal summary

Three nations won medals in biathlon, the Soviet Union leading the medal table with three, one of each type. Magnar Solberg and Alexander Tikhonov shared the lead in the individual medal table, each winning a gold and a silver.

### Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Soviet Union (URS) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 2 | Norway (NOR) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 3 | Sweden (SWE) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (3 entries) | Totals (3 entries) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 |

### Events

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| Individual details | Magnar Solberg Norway | 1:13:45.9 | Aleksandr Tikhonov Soviet Union | 1:14:40.4 | Vladimir Gundartsev Soviet Union | 1:18:27.4 |
| Relay details | Soviet Union (URS) Aleksandr Tikhonov Nikolay Puzanov Viktor Mamatov Vladimir Gundartsev | 2:13:02.4 | Norway (NOR) Ola Wærhaug Olav Jordet Magnar Solberg Jon Istad | 2:14:50.2 | Sweden (SWE) Lars-Göran Arwidson Tore Eriksson Olle Petrusson Holmfrid Olsson | 2:17:26.3 |

## Participating nations

Sixteen nations sent biathletes to compete in Grenoble. Below is a list of the competing nations; in parentheses are the number of national competitors. Canada, East and West Germany and Czechoslovakia made their Olympic biathlon debut.
* Austria (4)
* Canada (5)
* Finland (6)
* France (6)
* West Germany (4)
* Great Britain (5)
* East Germany (5)
* Japan (4)
* Mongolia (2)
* Norway (5)
* Poland (6)
* Romania (4)
* Sweden (5)
* Czechoslovakia (2)
* Soviet Union (4)
* United States (5)
# Naitō Nobuatsu

Naitō Nobuatsu (内藤 信敦, October 31, 1777 – May 23, 1825) was the sixth Naitō daimyō of Murakami Domain under the Edo period Tokugawa shogunate of Japan. Nobuatsu was the eldest son of Naitō Nobuyori, the previous daimyō. He was born in Edo and became daimyō in 1781 on the death of his father. In the year 1800 he was appointed a sōshaban. He rose to the post of Jisha-bugyō in 1813. In 1817, he was appointed a wakadoshiyori, followed by Kyoto Shoshidai in 1823. His wife was a daughter of Yanagisawa Yasumitsu of Yamato-Kōriyama Domain. He later remarried to a daughter of Matsudaira Sadanobu of Shirakawa Domain. He died while in office in Kyoto in 1825.
# Environmental virtue ethics

Environmental virtue ethics (EVE) is, as the name suggests, a way of approaching environmental ethics through the lens of virtue ethics. It is paradoxically both a very new and a relatively old or established approach. It is old or established because, as Louke Van Wensveen points out, almost all environmental literature employs virtue language. It is new because it is only recently that this tendency to use virtue-laden language has been taken up explicitly and addressed through the lens of philosophical virtue ethics.
Early interest in applying virtue theory to environmental problems can be found in disparate articles in academic and environmental journals, such as Thomas Hill's "Ideals of Human Excellence and Preserving Natural Environments." The first major analysis of this approach is Louke Van Wensveen’s influential book Dirty Virtues: The Emergence of Ecological Virtue Ethics.
Environmental virtue ethicists take inspiration from a variety of schools of virtue ethics and from diverse backgrounds in environmental ethics. Nevertheless, there are three general approaches to identifying virtues and vices within EVE. First, the "virtue theory approach," which attempts to build an environmental virtue ethics from the ground up. Second, the "environmental exemplar approach," which looks to people who are generally considered to be environmentally virtuous as models. And, finally, the "extensionist approach," which takes traditional virtues and extends them to operate in an environmentally meaningful way. While some authors take one of these approaches, others combine elements from two or more.
Typical EVE topics include: the explication of specific virtues (like humility) or vices (like arrogance); the analysis of specific exemplars who embody one or more of the virtues; the attempt to weigh in on specific environmental problems from the perspective of virtue ethics, including offering rules (“v-rules”) for conduct or making actual policy recommendations; and, of course, arguing for the theoretical foundation and legitimacy of the virtue-theory approach to environmental ethics.

## List of notable environmental virtue ethicists

* Philip Cafaro
* Geoffrey Frasz
* Eugene Hargrove
* Thomas Hill
* Rosalind Hursthouse
* Jason Kawall
* Randy Larsen
* Val Plumwood
* Ronald Sandler
* David St. Aubin
* Allen Thompson
* Brian Treanor
* Louke Van Wensveen
* Laura Westra
# Charles Pelham (congressman)

Charles Pelham (March 12, 1835 – January 18, 1908) was an American lawyer, politician, and Confederate Civil War veteran who served one term as a U.S. congressional representative from Alabama from 1873 to 1875.

## Biography

Pelham was born in Person County, North Carolina. Pelham moved with his parents to Alabama in 1838, where his brother John Pelham was born. There, Charles Pelham attended the common schools and later studied law.

### Legal career

In 1858, he was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Talladega, Alabama.

### Civil War

After the beginning of the U.S. Civil War, Pelham entered the Confederate army in 1862 and served as first lieutenant of Company C, Fifty-first Regiment, Alabama Infantry.

### Judge

After the war, he served as judge of the tenth judicial circuit of Alabama from 1868 until 1873.

### Congress

Pelham was elected as a Republican to the Forty-third Congress (March 4, 1873 – March 3, 1875).

### Later career

When he was not renominated in 1874, Pelham resumed the practice of law in Washington, D.C. Late in life, he was appointed a clerk in the Treasury Department.

### Death

In 1907, he moved to Poulan, Georgia, where he died the following year on January 18, 1908. He was interred in the Presbyterian Cemetery.