OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Flash pasteurization

Flash pasteurization, also called "high-temperature short-time" (HTST) processing, is a method of heat pasteurization of perishable beverages like fruit and vegetable juices, beer, wine, and some dairy products such as milk. Compared with other pasteurization processes, it maintains color and flavor better, but some cheeses were found to have varying responses to the process.
Flash pasteurization is performed to kill spoilage microorganisms prior to filling containers, in order to make the products safer and to extend their shelf life compared to the unpasteurised foodstuff. For example, one manufacturer of flash pasteurizing machinery gives shelf life as "in excess of 12 months". It must be used in conjunction with sterile fill technology (similar to aseptic processing) to prevent post-pasteurization contamination.
The liquid moves in a controlled, continuous flow while subjected to temperatures of 71.5 °C (160 °F) to 74 °C (165 °F), for about 15 to 30 seconds, followed by rapid cooling to between 4 °C (39.2 °F) and 5.5 °C (42 °F).
The standard US protocol for flash pasteurization of milk, 71.7 °C (161 °F) for 15 seconds in order to kill Coxiella burnetii (the most heat-resistant pathogen found in raw milk), was introduced in 1933, and results in 5-log reduction (99.999%) or greater reduction in harmful bacteria. An early adopter of pasteurization was Tropicana Products, which has used the method since the 1950s. The juice company Odwalla switched from non-pasteurized to flash-pasteurized juices in 1996 after tainted apple juice containing E. coli O157:H7 sickened many children and killed one.
# Adam Kurak

Adam Mikhaylovich Kurak (Russian: Адам Михайлович Курак, born 26 June 1985 in Yeniseysk) is a Russian former Greco-Roman wrestler. He won a gold medal at the national championships in 2009, a silver medal in 2010 and bronze medals in 2011 and 2012. In 2013, he won a silver medal of the 2013 European Wrestling Championships. In 2014 at the Ivan Poddubny Golden Grand Prix won gold medal. Kurak won his first medal at a worlds at the 2015 World Wrestling Championships, where he lost to Rasul Chunayev but got back and won a bronze medal defeating Tsimur Berdyieu of Belarus. Kurak avenged his 2015 World Wrestling Championships loss to Chunayev, by defeating him in the 2018 European Wrestling Championships and ultimately won the gold medal in the final match of the category.
Kurak is international master of sports in Greco-Roman Wrestling
# Nymphaea rubra

Nymphaea rubra is a species of waterlily native to the region spanning from Sri Lanka and northeastern India to western and central Malesia. Additionally, it has been introduced to regions such as Southeast China, Cuba, Guyana, Hungary, and Suriname.

## Description
### Vegetative characteristics

Nymphaea rubra has 15.1 cm long, and 7.9 cm wide rhizomes. The petiolate, orbicular leaves are 25–48 cm wide. The adaxial leaf surface is bronzy red to dark green, and the abaxial leaf surface is dark purple. The leaf venation is very prominent. The petiole is 140 cm long.

### Generative characteristics

The flowers are 15–25 cm wide. The four purplish-red sepals are oblong to lanceolate. The 12-20 narrowly oval petals have a rounded apex. The androecium consists of 55 red stamens. The gynoecium consists of 16-21 carpels. The fruit bears 1.85 mm long, and 1.6 mm wide seeds. The peduncle is 116 cm long. The flowers are pleasantly fragrant.

## Cytology

The diploid chromosome count is 2n = 56.

## Reproduction
### Vegetative reproduction

One case of the development of a proliferating pseudanthia has been reported for a Nymphaea rubra specimen cultivated in the Botanical Garden of the University of Heidelberg, Germany in 1886.

### Generative reproduction

Nymphaea rubra may reproduce apomictically.

## Taxonomy
### Publication

It was first named by William Roxburgh, but only later validly published by Henry Cranke Andrews in 1808. Its status is uncertain and it may be of hybrid origin.

### Placement within Nymphaea

It is placed in Nymphaea subg. Lotos.

## Etymology

The specific epithet rubra means "red".

## Conservation

The IUCN conservation status is Least Concern (LC).

## Ecology
### Habitat

It occurs in rivers, lakes, and ponds.

## Use

The peduncles, and seeds are used as food.

## Cultivation

It is suitable for the cultivation in aquaria.
# T. W. Edwards Jr.

Thomas Walter Edwards Jr. (November 11, 1929 – March 31, 2015) was an American politician in the state of South Carolina. He served in the South Carolina House of Representatives as a member of the Democratic Party from 1967 to 1988, representing Spartanburg County, South Carolina. He attended the University of Denver, and was a businessman, owning a real estate/investment firm, as well as a farmer. He died in 2015.
# Carli Cronk

Carli Elizabeth Cronk (born 2006) is an American deaf swimmer. In May 2022, she set the world Deaflympic record for having won the most number of gold medals by an athlete in a single edition of the Summer Deaflympics with a haul of 12 gold medals. She secured gold medals in women's 1500m freestyle, women's 200m butterfly, women's 200m freestyle, women's 200m and 400m individual medley, women's 200m backstroke, women's 400m freestyle, women's 4 × 200 m free relay, women's and mixed 4 × 100m medley relay, women's and mixed 4 × 100 m free relay events.

## Biography

She was born with deafness and she relies heavily on hearing aids and lip reading. She is currently studying at Churchill High School.

## Career

She took part at the 2019 World Deaf Swimming Championships and claimed a solitary silver and two bronze medals in the competition. In February 2022, she claimed bronze medal in the women's 200m freestyle at the University Interscholastic League Class 6A state championships.
She made her Deaflympic debut representing United States at the 2021 Summer Deaflympics (held in May 2022) at the tender age of 16 and was one of the cadres of the thirteen member swimming contingent to represent America at the 2021 Summer Deaflympics. She won record 12 gold medals in her maiden appearance at the Deaflympics eventually surpassing the American records held by Jeff Float and Laura Ann Barber for claiming the most number of gold medals at any Deaflympics. She also teamed up with fellow swimmers Matthew Klotz, Brooke Thompson and Collin Davis to secure gold in mixed free relay category.
During the 2021 Summer Deaflympics, she set three world records in deaf swimming for women. On May 4, 2022, she set the new world record in women's 1500m freestyle event by clocking 17:33.90 seconds. On May 5, 2022, she surpassed the world record in women's 200m butterfly event with a timing of 2:18.40 seconds. On May 7, 2022, she broke the world record in women's 400m individual medley event by clocking 4:58.53 seconds.
# Athletics at the 1957 World University Games – Men's 400 metres hurdles

The men's 400 metres hurdles event at the 1957 World University Games was held at the Stadium Charlety in Paris on 6 and 7 September 1957.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Igor Ilyin Soviet Union | Anubes da Silva Brazil | Keiji Ogushi Japan |

## Results
### Heats

| Rank | Heat | Athlete | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 1 | Igor Ilyin | Soviet Union | 53.8 | Q |
| 2 | 1 | Anubes da Silva | Brazil | 55.9 | Q |
| 3 | 1 | Henryk Chojecki | Poland | 56.4 | Q |
| 4 | 1 | Dimitar Dimitrov | Bulgaria | 56.4 | |
| 5 | 1 | Martin | France | 57.2 | |
| 6 | 1 | José Luis Bustinza | Spain | 59.3 | |
| 1 | 2 | Jean-Marie Kling | France | 54.4 | Q |
| 2 | 2 | Helmut Joho | West Germany | 55.0 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | Keiji Ogushi | Japan | 55.0 | Q |
| 4 | 2 | Jacques Vanden Abeele | Belgium | 58.9 | |
| 5 | 2 | Germano Gimelli | Italy | 1:01.2 | |
| | 2 | Alexander Hannah | Great Britain | DQ | |

### Final

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | Igor Ilyin | Soviet Union | 53.3 |
| | Anubes da Silva | Brazil | 53.6 |
| | Keiji Ogushi | Japan | 54.1 |
| 4 | Helmut Joho | West Germany | 54.2 |
| 5 | Jean-Marie Kling | France | 54.2 |
| 6 | Henryk Chojecki | Poland | 57.6 |
# Exceptional point

In quantum physics, exceptional points are singularities in the parameter space where two or more eigenstates (eigenvalues and eigenvectors) coalesce. These points appear in dissipative systems, which make the Hamiltonian describing the system non-Hermitian.

## Photonics

The losses in photonic systems, are a feature used to study non-Hermitian physics. Adding non-Hermiticity (such as dichroism) to photonic systems which present Dirac points transforms these degeneracy points into pairs of exceptional points. This has been demonstrated experimentally in numerous photonic systems such as microcavities and photonic crystals. The first demonstration of exceptional points was made by Woldemar Voigt in 1902 for optical modes in crystals.

## Fidelity and fidelity susceptibility

In condensed matter and many-body physics, fidelity is often used to detect quantum phase transitions in parameter space. The definition of fidelity is the inner product of the ground state wave functions of two adjacent points in parameter space, $F=|\langle \psi _{0}(\lambda )|\psi _{0}(\lambda +\epsilon )\rangle |^{2}$, where $\epsilon$ is a small quantity. After series expansion, $F=1-\chi _{F}\epsilon ^{2}+{\mathcal {O}}(\epsilon ^{3})$, the first-order correction term of fidelity is zero, and the coefficient of the second-order correction term is called the fidelity susceptibility. The fidelity susceptibility diverges toward positive infinity as the parameters approach the quantum phase transition point.
    $\lim _{\lambda \to \lambda _{\mathrm {QCP} }}\mathbb {Re} \chi _{F}=\infty$
For the exceptional points of non-Hermitian quantum systems, after appropriately generalizing the definition of fidelity,
    $F=\langle \psi _{0}^{L}(\lambda )|\psi _{0}^{R}(\lambda +\epsilon )\rangle \langle \psi _{0}^{L}(\lambda +\epsilon )|\psi _{0}^{R}(\lambda )\rangle$
the real part of the fidelity susceptibility diverges toward negative infinity when the parameters approach the exceptional points.
    $\lim _{\lambda \to \lambda _{\mathrm {EP} }}\mathbb {Re} \chi _{F}=-\infty$
For non-Hermitian quantum systems with PT symmetry, fidelity can be used to analyze whether exceptional points are of higher-order. Many numerical methods such as the Lanczos algorithm, Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG), and other tensor network algorithms are relatively easy to calculate only for the ground state, but have many difficulties in computing the excited states. Because fidelity only requires the ground state calculations, this approach allows most numerical methods to analyze non-Hermitian systems without excited states, and find the exceptional point, as well as to determine whether it is a higher-order exceptional point.
# Zebi Hirsch Bialeh

Ẓebi Hirsch ben Naphtali Herz Bialeh (Hebrew: צבי הירש בן נפתלי הירץ ביאלה; c. 1670–September 25, 1748), also known as Hirsch Ḥarif (הירש חריף, "the sharp"), was a rabbi and Talmudist.

## Biography

Ẓebi Hirsch Bialeh was born around 1670 in Lemberg, Galicia. He served as rabbi of Biała, and then ran a yeshiva in his hometown. In 1718, he was appointed as chief rabbi of the affluent Jewish community in Halberstadt. Among his many pupils were Elhanan Ashkenazi [he; de], Isaiah Berlin, and Meir Barbi [he].
While Bialeh refused to publish his ḥiddushim, he left behind several manuscripts, which remained in private collections in Halberstadt. His approbations also appear in works authored by his students and colleagues. In his writings and speeches, Bialeh was critical of the prevalent overuse of pilpul.
Bialeh's sons were Solomon Dob Berush, rabbi of Glogau; Naphtali Herz, rabbi of Dubno; Abraham, rabbi of Rawitsch; Samuel, assistant rabbi at Halberstadt; and Simḥah Dessau [he], rabbi at Dessau.
# Byranattalakh

Byranattalakh (Russian: Быранатталах) is a rural locality (a selo), and one of three settlements in Ariktakhsky Rural Okrug of Kobyaysky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, in addition to Mastakh, the administrative center of the Rural Okrug and Second Mastakh. It is located 275 kilometers (171 mi) from Sangar, the administrative center of the district and 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) from Ariktakh. Its population as of the 2002 Census was 0.
# Athletics at the 1959 Summer Universiade – Men's 400 metres hurdles

The men's 400 metres hurdles event at the 1959 Summer Universiade was held at the Stadio Comunale di Torino in Turin on 4 and 6 September 1959.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Salvatore Morale Italy | Germano Gimelli Italy | Wiesław Król Poland |

## Results
### Heats

| Rank | Heat | Athlete | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 1 | Germano Gimelli | Italy | 53.5 | Q |
| 2 | 1 | Paul Haennig | France | 53.7 | Q |
| 3 | 1 | Mike Robinson | Great Britain | 53.8 | |
| 4 | 1 | Jacques Pennewaert | Belgium | 55.1 | |
| 5 | 1 | Mongi Soussi Zarrouki | Tunisia | 55.2 | |
| 6 | 1 | Costa Martins | Portugal | 57.1 | |
| 1 | 2 | Salvatore Morale | Italy | 52.2 | Q |
| 2 | 2 | Wiesław Król | Poland | 53.5 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | Aimo Kuukka | Finland | 54.5 | |
| 4 | 2 | Francisco Sáinz | Spain | 55.3 | |
| 5 | 2 | Alexandros Froussios | Greece | 55.8 | |
| 6 | 2 | Michel Tawil | Lebanon | 59.0 | |
| 1 | 3 | Jean-Marie Kling | France | 54.1 | Q |
| 2 | 3 | Dimitrios Skourtis | Greece | 54.5 | Q |
| 3 | 3 | Albert Grawitz | West Germany | 54.7 | |
| 4 | 3 | Per-Olof Swartz | Sweden | 54.8 | |
| 5 | 3 | Bernardino Lombao | Spain | 54.8 | |

### Final

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | Salvatore Morale | Italy | 52.1 |
| | Germano Gimelli | Italy | 52.8 |
| | Wiesław Król | Poland | 53.2 |
| 4 | Paul Haennig | France | 53.8 |
| 5 | Jean-Marie Kling | France | 54.5 |
| 6 | Dimitrios Skourtis | Greece | 55.6 |
# Coat of arms of the Lubusz Voivodeship

The coat of arms of Lubusz Voivodeship, Poland, features an Iberian style escutcheon divided vertically onto two sides, of which, the left side has red background, with left side of a white (silver) eagle, with yellow (golden) crown, legs, a ring on its tail, and a przepaska on its wing, while the right side, has green background with two yellow (golden) six-pointed stars, placed vertically. It was established in 2000.

## Design

The coat of arms is an Iberian style escutcheon divided vertically onto two sides. The left side consists of red background, with a left half of the white (silver) eagle, with yellow (golden) crown, legs, a ring on its tail, and a przepaska on its wing, in the form of thin upwards curved bar ended with trillium-like shape. The right side had green background with two yellow (golden) six-pointed stars, placed vertically.
The white (silver) eagle on the red background has been based on the coat of arms of Poland, and symbolizes the alliance of the voivodeship to that country. The green colour symbolizes the forests that cover around half of the region, while 2 stars symbolize the two seat cities of the voivodeship: Zielona Góra, and Gorzów Wielkopolski.

## History

The coat of arms of the Lubusz Land began being used in the first half of the 14th century, as the symbol of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Lebus. The diocese was dissolved in 1598. It consisted of a red shield depicting two crossed white (silver) pike poles, and a yellow (golden) hexagram (six-pointed star) above them. Currently, its design is used in the coat of arms of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Berlin and the Roman Catholic Diocese of Zielona Góra and Gorzów.
Prior to establishment of the Lubusz Voivodeship, within its current borders, from 1975 to 1998, existed the Zielona Góra Voivodeship. It had adopted its coat of arms on 18 July 1985. The coat of arms had a red Norman style escutcheon with square top and acute base. Inside the shield was featured a white (silver) eagle with elevated wings, and a green figure in a shape of the borders of the voivodeship, with two blue rivers featured on it: Oder and Lusatian Neisse.
The Lubusz Voivodeship was established in 1998. Its coat of arms was adopted by the Lubusz Regional Assembly, on 26 June 2000 with resolution no. XVIII/114/2000. The flag and the coat of arms were designed by Wojciech Strzyżewski. The coat of arms is additionally present in the centre of the state flag of the voivodeship.
# Albert Thys (painter)

Albert Thys (1894 – 1976) was a Belgian painter.
He was born on 18 March 1894 in Kontich, Antwerp, Belgium. He studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Antwerp, where he was a student of Isidore Opsomer. He painted portraits and landscapes.
# Abteymour oil field

The Abteymour oil field is an Iranian oil field located in Khuzestan province, in 25 km from west of the Ahvaz City. It was discovered in 1967 and production began in 1991. The field produces about 48,000 barrels per day (7,600 m$^3$/d). Its oil reserves have been estimated at 12.2 bn barrel. The field is owned by state-owned National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) and operated by National Iranian South Oil Company (NISOC).
# Carole Jo Kabler

Carole Jo Kabler (June 13, 1938 – March 16, 2017) was an American professional golfer who played on the LPGA Tour. She also competed under her married names: Carole Jo Skala, Carole Jo Callison, and Carole Jo Whitted.
Kabler was born in Eugene, Oregon. She had an outstanding amateur career, winning the Oregon Girls' Junior twice (1954, 1955) and the Oregon Women's Open four times (1955, 1961, 1962, 1965), along with several other wins. In 1955 she won the U.S. Girls' Junior and in 1957 was a semi-finalist in the U.S. Women's Amateur.
Skala turned professional in 1970. She won four times on the LPGA Tour (competing as Carole Jo Skala) between 1973 and 1974.
Kabler married Michael Skala in 1958. They divorced in 1980. In 1981, she married Verne Callison (1918–1993), a two-time winner of the U.S. Amateur Public Links. In 1995, she married John Whitted, Jr. She was inducted into the Pacific Northwest Golf Association's Hall of Fame in 2009.

## Professional wins
### LPGA Tour wins (4)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of victory | Runner(s)-up |
| 1 | Jul 15, 1973 | George Washington Classic | −5 (76-68-70=214) | 1 stroke | Sandra Haynie Kathy McMullen |
| 2 | Jun 30, 1974 | Peter Jackson Ladies Classic | −11 (68-71-69=208) | 3 strokes | JoAnne Carner |
| 3 | Jul 28, 1974 | Wheeling Ladies Classic | −4 (69-70-73=212) | 4 strokes | Jane Blalock |
| 4 | Oct 6, 1974 | Sacramento Union Ladies Classic | −6 (73-71-69=213) | 4 strokes | Jane Blalock Cathy Duggan |
Note: Kabler won the Peter Jackson Ladies Classic (which became the du Maurier Classic) before it became a major championship.
LPGA Tour playoff record (0–1)
| No. | Year | Tournament | Opponent | Result |
| 1 | 1982 | American Express Sun City Classic | Beth Daniel | Lost to birdie on second extra hole |
# Athletics at the 1961 Summer Universiade – Men's 400 metres hurdles

The men's 400 metres hurdles event at the 1961 Summer Universiade was held at the Vasil Levski National Stadium in Sofia, Bulgaria, on 31 August and 1 September 1961.
Morale's winning margin was 1.66 seconds which as of 2024 remains the only time the men's 400 metres hurdles was won by more than 1.1 seconds at these games.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Salvatore Morale Italy | Georgiy Chevychalov Soviet Union | Elio Catalo Italy |

## Results
### Heats

| Rank | Heat | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 1 | Salvatore Morale | Italy | 51.65 | Q |
| 2 | 1 | Wiesław Król | Poland | 52.74 | Q |
| 3 | 1 | Albert Grawitz | West Germany | 52.87 | |
| 4 | 1 | Michael Robinson | Great Britain | 53.17 | |
| 5 | 1 | Jacques Pennewaert | Belgium | 53.25 | |
| 6 | 1 | Raúl Fernández | Cuba | 55.3 | |
| 1 | 2 | Georgiy Chevychalov | Soviet Union | 53.07 | Q |
| 2 | 2 | Elio Catalo | Italy | 53.65 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | Miroslav Jaroš | Czechoslovakia | 53.9 | |
| 4 | 2 | Janusz Wolf | Poland | 54.0 | |
| 5 | 2 | Dimitar Dimitrov | Bulgaria | 54.2 | |
| 6 | 2 | Aydin Tunali | Turkey | 57.9 | |
| 1 | 3 | Valeriu Jurcă | Romania | 53.26 | Q |
| 2 | 3 | John Cooper | Great Britain | 53.42 | Q |
| 3 | 3 | Keiko Iijima | Japan | 53.47 | |
| 4 | 3 | Jürgen Demmel | West Germany | 54.2 | |
| 5 | 3 | Abdul Saleh | Indonesia | 55.9 | |

### Final

| Rank | Athlete | Nationality | Time |
| | Salvatore Morale | Italy | 50.14 |
| | Georgiy Chevychalov | Soviet Union | 51.80 |
| | Elio Catalo | Italy | 52.33 |
| 4 | Wiesław Król | Poland | 52.76 |
| 5 | John Cooper | Great Britain | 53.3 |
| 6 | Valeriu Jurcă | Romania | 53.7 |
# Research Turtles

The Research Turtles, also known as The Flamethrowers, is an indie band from Louisiana, who are known for southern rock Brit pop. They were formed in 2004 and have toured as both The Research Turtles and The Flamethrowers. The Flamethrowers is their rock cover band that plays weddings, private events, Mardi Gras balls, and festivals.

## History

The Research Turtles were formed in 2004 by Jud Norman. The name Research Turtles was taken from the Wes Anderson Movie The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou. At that time, Norman formed the band to perform on his solo album Apples, Oranges. The original band consisted of members Jud Norman on vocals and bass, Joseph Darbonne on vocals and lead guitar, Paul Gonsoulin on vocals and rhythm, and Blake Thibodeaux on drums. Darbonne and Gonsoulin left the band in 2008 and were replaced by Joe Norman (Jud's younger brother) and Logan Fontenot. In 2009, Joe Norman left the band and was replaced by former member Darbonne and in 2010 Thibodeaux was replaced by drummer Chad Townsend.
The band has released a total of four albums including the solo album of Jud Norman. In 2010, the song "Let’s Get Carried Away" from their self-titled album, was awarded the International Song of the Year by BBC Radio 6 Music. The Research Turtles have toured under their current name as well as The Flamethrowers. In addition to playing their own shows, they have opened up for such acts as Toad the Wet Sprocket, Sister Hazel, and Candlebox.

## Flamethrowers

The Flamethrowers perform rock cover music spanning from the 1950s to music released this year. Their members consist of many of the same musicians as the Research Turtles, but also some others. Their current lineup includes Joseph Darbonne (guitar, percussion, & vocals), Dominique Darbonne (vocals & lead tambourine), Wesley Royer (keyboards), Logan Fontenot (guitar & vocals), Tyler Reed (bass), Chad Townsend (drums), William Christian (sax & pennywhistle), Isaiah Windsor (trumpet & flugelhorn), Sam Turner (trombone).

## Discography

| Album Title | Release Date | Record Label | Notes |
| Mankiller Part 2 of 2 | October 2012 | Normanium Records | |
| Mankiller Part 1 of 2 | 31 May 2011 | Normanium Records | |
| Untitled EP | Never Released (Recorded 2010) | N/A | |
| Research Turtles | 14 August 2009 | Normanium Records | Track "Let’s Get Carried Away" awarded international song of the year by RadioSix International in Great Britain in 2010. Album was named Top 10 Album of the Year by Power Pop Overdose and a top Album of the Year by Power Pop Review. |
| Time Machine EP | 18 November 2008 | Normanium Records | |
| Apples, Oranges | 25 May 2004 | Wisdom Records | Solo album of Jud Norman with music performed by Research Turtles. |