OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cuprammonium rayon

Cuprammonium rayon is a rayon fiber made from cellulose dissolved in a cuprammonium solution, Schweizer's reagent.
It is produced by making cellulose a soluble compound by combining it with copper and ammonia with caustic soda. The solution is passed through a spinneret and the cellulose is regenerated in hardening baths that remove the copper and ammonia and neutralize the caustic soda. Cuprammonium rayon is usually made in fine filaments that are used in suit jacket linings as well as lightweight summer dresses and blouses, sometimes in combination with cotton to make textured fabrics with slubbed, uneven surfaces.
The fabric is commonly known by the trade name "Bemberg", owned by the J.P. Bemberg company. The fabric may also be known as "cupro" or "cupra". It is also known as "ammonia silk" on Chinese fashion retail websites.

## History

Cuprammonium rayon was invented in 1890.
Swiss chemist Matthias Eduard Schweizer (1818–1860) discovered that cellulose dissolves in tetraaminecopper dihydroxide. Max Fremery and Johann Urban developed a method to produce carbon fibers for use in light bulbs in 1897 (the factory closed in 1902). Production of cuprammonium rayon for textiles started in 1899 in the Vereinigte Glanzstoff Fabriken AG in Oberbruch near Aachen. An improvement by J. P. Bemberg AG in 1904 made the artificial silk a product comparable to real silk.

## Properties

* The fibers are very fine
* It has a soft, silk-like handle (i.e., tactile feel)
* It has similar properties to cotton. It is different in that the average degree of polymerization is lower and a larger part of this fiber is occupied by amorphous regions, causing cuprammonium rayon to swell
* It burns rapidly and chars at 180°C
* On ignition, it leaves behind ash containing copper
* It can be used to create fabric that is sheer and lightweight and has desirable draping properties

## Production

Cellulose is dissolved in a [Cu(NH$_3$)$_4$](OH)$_2$ solution and then regenerates as rayon when extruded into sulfuric acid.
# Zdvinsky District

Zdvinsky District (Russian: Здви́нский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty in Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwestern central part of the oblast. The area of the district is 4,943 square kilometers (1,909 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Zdvinsk. Population: 16,636 (2010 Census); 18,770 (2002 Census); 21,035 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Zdvinsk accounts for 33.7% of the district's total population.

## Geography

Lakes Sargul, Uryum and part of Malye Chany, as well as the Chulym river, are located in the district.
# Jereme Perry

Jereme Jovon Perry (born December 15, 1981) is a former American football cornerback. He was signed by the Browns as an undrafted free agent in 2006. He played college football at Eastern Michigan.
Perry has played for the Cleveland Browns and Miami Dolphins.

## Early life

Perry attended Buena Vista High School where he lettered three years in football and four years in track. He earned all-area honors in football his final two seasons. He holds the Buena Vista record for a 97-yard rush from the line of scrimmage. He also holds ranks in the top in career rushing and interceptions.

## College career

Perry attended Eastern Michigan University from 2001-2005. He played 32 games for the Eagles and lettered three years in his career. He was named Eastern's Most Improved Back in 2003. He recorded 30 tackles and forced two fumbles in 2004. He missed his sophomore season in 2002 with a ruptured spleen. He started as a "true" freshman in 2001 and earned a letter. He garnered honors from the university such as Special Teams and Defensive Players of the Week.

## Professional career
### First stint with Browns

Perry was signed as an undrafted rookie free agent in spring 2006. After being signed to the practice squad in September, he found himself starting in October after the injuries to Browns starters Leigh Bodden and Daven Holly. His accomplishments are not numerous for the Browns. However, in Week 10, he recovered a Michael Vick fumble to seal the Browns' third victory of the season—redemption after being burned on a 55-yard pass from Vick to receiver Roddy White two plays previous.
Despite his strong performance as a rookie, Perry was cut by the Browns on September 8, 2007 - the day before the regular season opener. Because he appeared in more than nine games during his first season, he had no practice squad eligibility remaining.

### Miami Dolphins

On November 7, the Miami Dolphins signed Perry, while placing linebacker Abraham Wright in Injured Reserve. He was one of eight players released by the Dolphins on April 24, 2008.

### Second stint with Browns

On May 14, 2008, the Browns re-signed Perry. He was released Aug. 30, 2008 during the final roster cuts.
# Timbun Mata

Timbun Mata Island (Malay: Pulau Timbun Mata) is the largest island on the south side of Darvel Bay, in Semporna, Sabah, Malaysia. It is over 26 kilometres (16 mi) long and almost 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) wide at the widest point, and is also mountainous and was formerly (pre-2000) densely wooded. Mt. Tannabalu, the highest point at 620 metres (2,030 ft), is a conical, extinct volcano located at the centre of the island. A secondary peak, Mt. Sedungal, at the east end of the island rises to 489 metres (1,604 ft). The south side of the island is only separated from the mainland by a shallow channel known as the Trusan Sigalong. It is located at 4°38′25″N 118°28′29″E﻿ / ﻿4.64028°N 118.47472°E﻿ / 4.64028; 118.47472 with an area of 114.97 square kilometres (44.39 sq mi).

## History

The island has been inhabited since before records were kept. There are several villages on the island which have been there for at least several hundred years, Mantandak (in the west), Lakai Lakai (north), Dap Dap (northeast) and Kubor (east). In addition there are newer, illegal settlements which have sprung up on the southeastern portion of the island.
The island was declared a forest reserve in 1930, but had been planted in teak as early as the 1880s. The teak forests have been periodically surveyed, but inroads by illegal logging and land clearing has reduced them.
# Suicide of Tom Pappas

On May 1, 1988, Tom Pappas, chief of staff to then-U.S. Representative Roy Dyson, jumped to his death after allegations from staff members led to implications that he was in a homosexual relationship with Dyson. Following the suicide, Dyson's office was linked to illegal contributions and bribes for the defense subcontractor Unisys to receive favorable appropriations contracts through Dyson's position on the Defense Appropriations Committee. The FBI's Operation Ill Wind resulted in the conviction of key Department of the Navy political appointees who had close ties to Pappas and Dyson.

## Background

Pappas was investigated by the Federal Election Commission for allegations that he had campaign contribution checks written to staff members which they then cashed and returned directly to Pappas. In light of the allegations that could implicate Dyson and other members in the office, several staff members, including Press Secretary, Scott Ourth, accused Mr. Pappas in a Washington Post article of unorthodox management practices.
The allegations against Pappas and congressman Dyson by staff members led to accusations that the two were in a homosexual relationship. The congressman denied the homosexual allegations and claimed that the accusations were made in malice. The day the Washington Post published the article suggesting Pappas of misconduct, Pappas jumped to his death from his hotel room during a New York trip to a Unisys factory. The Washington Post defended their reporting of Pappas' conduct. The office of congressman Dyson was later linked to improper contributions and connections to an illegal procurement of Navy Contracts in Operation Ill Wind.
The day of his suicide, Tom Pappas was with the congressman on a trip sponsored by Unisys. The defense contractor was later implicated in a scheme of providing campaign contributions and bribes to key individuals for favorable treatment receiving contracts despite protests against the program from the Navy. The company provided Roy Dyson with $17,000 in campaign contributions. In a federal investigation it was revealed that Dyson and his staff received trips and compensation for providing favorable appropriations to Unisys.

## Outcome

Charles Gardner, a former Unisys officer with close contact to the Congressman, was convicted and sentenced in the scheme. Also convicted in the scheme were Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Melvyn Paisley, Deputy Assistant of the Navy, James E. Gaines and Deputy Assistant of the Air Force Victor D. Cohen. Despite the link to the convicted Unisys lobbyist and the search warrants executed against the Congressman's office, neither Dyson or members of is staff were indicted in the scandal. Dyson did return campaign contributions to Unisys and paid a fee for to the FEC for the improper campaign collections from his staff.
The scandal led the United States Congress to pass the 1988 Procurement Integrity Act, which regulates the pay that procurement officials can get from contractors during the first year after they leave government, and forbids them to provide bid and proposal information to their new employers.
# Anatolian banded newt

The Anatolian banded newt (Ommatotriton nesterovi) is a species of salamander in the family Salamandridae, most notably found in Anatolia: a peninsula ranging from the western and northern parts of Turkey.

## Habitat

The Anatolian banded newt prefers to reside in forest grasslands that are abundant in trees and vegetation and low in altitude.
# Haliotis queketti

Haliotis queketti, common name Quekett's abalone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Haliotidae, the abalone.

## Taxonomy

Halitosis quekketi was first formally described in 1910 as Haliotis (Padollus) queketti by the English malacologist Edgar Albert Smith with the type locality given as Isezela in Natal. This species is placed in the nominate subgenus of Haliotis rather than in the subgenusPadollus in which Smith originally classified it. The specific name honours the conchologist John Frederick Whitlie Quekett, curator of the Durban Museum of Natural History, who sent Smith the type of this species.

## Description

The size of the shell varies between 25 mm and 45 mm.
(Original description by E.A. Smith) "The depressed shell has an ovate shape with the raised ridge parallel to the row of holes only slightly raised. The upper surface exhibits numerous spiral lirae, minutely squamose through the close elevated lines of growth. The four open holes are rather prominent. The space between the holes and the outer margin is concave or channeled. The color of the shell is brownish-white with radiating blood-red streaks, narrow at the suture and gradually widening outwards. The left outer ledge is crossed by oblique, alternating, dark olive and pale stripes. The interior surface is beautifully iridescent, ridged and grooved. The columellar plate is whitish pearly, flattened, edged externally with a thin red line."

## Distribution and habitat

Haliotis queketti has been recorded with certainty only from Port Alfred in the Eastern Cape north to Port Durnford in KwaZulu-Natal and from Somalia, records of this rare species from the areas between these need confirmation. It is found at depths down to 15 m (49 ft) and little is known about its ecology. It is reported that specimens have been found buried under boulders or on hard surfaces within reefs.

## Conservation status

Haliotis queketti Is a rare species with little known about its biology, population and trends, the IUCN have, therefore, classed it as Data deficient.

## Utlisation

Haliotis queketti shells are occasionally found for sale on the international market for shell collectors.
# Gloving

Gloving is a form of modern dance which involves the use of fingertip light-emitting diode (LED) lights to accentuate fun creative patterns.
Gloving performances are called light shows and have become increasingly popular at raves in America. Elements of hip-hop dance including liquiding, finger tutting, and popping have influenced gloving, and many of the same dance concepts and techniques can be applied to the dance form. Prior to gloving, rave attendees twirled glow sticks, and before the addition of LED lights, glovers used plain white Mickey Mouse gloves, which reflected black light frequently employed at shows. Sometimes when a person is gloving they grimace, as it's quite a taxing activity. Gloving is also referred to as fingering by some enthusiasts, however this is considered uncouth in some pro gloving communities.
In 2010 an electronic dance music promotions company, Insomniac Events, banned gloving from all its events citing drug connotations and safety issues. Insomniac chief executive officer Pasquale Rotella stated, "Between the fire marshals and the media perception, [gloving] was putting the events in jeopardy and was not helping the health of the culture."
# Conopholis

Conopholis is a small genus of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae.

## Species

* Conopholis alpina, alpine cancer-root
** Conopholis alpina var. mexicana, Mexican cancer-root.
* Conopholis americana, American cancer-root. In the American Blue Ridge Mountains, C. americana is called "bear corn" because it resembles an ear of corn.
# Transmit Failure

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |
Transmit Failure is the second album by band Four Hundred Years. It was recorded at Inner Ear by J. Robbins of Jawbox in April 1998.

## Track listing

* "Power of Speech" – 1:30
* "Penny for Your Thoughts" – 1:56
* "Radio Silence" – 2:24
* "Transmit Failure" – 2:43
* "An Hour Too Late" – 2:59
* "Motion Sickness" – 2:13
* "Throw Spark" – 2:41
* "Sequence" – 2:08
* "Give Us This Day" – 2:22
* "Line Breaker" – 4:41
* "(Untitled)" – 5:05
# Nikolay Denin

Nikolay Vasilyevich Denin (Russian: Николай Васильевич Денин; born 15 May 1958) is a Russian politician who served as the governor of Bryansk Oblast from 2004 to 2014. He is a member of the United Russia party.

## Career

He won his election in 2004 by a wide margin after the incumbent governor, Yury Lodkin was removed from the ballot by a court, just days before the vote. Denin had previously worked as the head of a chicken processing plant and was elected to the State Duma from Bryansk constituency in Bryansk Oblast by the United Russia party in December 2003.
In the 2012 Russian gubernatorial election, he was re-elected to the governor of Bryansk before being succeeded by Alexander Bogomaz as acting governor in 2014.
In 2014 Nikolai Denin was removed from the post of governor of the Bryansk region by decree of Russian President Vladimir Putin due to loss of trust.

## Awards

* Order of the Badge of Honour
* Order of Honour
* Order of Friendship
# Moustapha Ndoye

Moustapha Ndoye (Dakar, 1968 – Dakar, 11 December 2009) was a Senegalese photographer, film director and screenwriter.

## Biography

Moustapha Ndoye was of Lebu extraction. He was introduced to artistic circles by the Senegalese drummer Abdoulaye Prosper Niang, leader and cofounder of the Xalam band and supported musicians at concerts. Ndoye became involved in Senegalese cinema as a production and direction assistant for the movies Le Franc (1994) and La Petite Vendeuse de Soleil (1999) by director Djibril Diop Mambéty. In Paris Ndoye worked as a photographer and had an exhibition Cherche Billets in 1999 at the inauguration of the Alliance française at Ziguinchor, Senegal, and at the Mois de la photo(graphie) à Dakar.
In 2000 he created the TV music documentary Sénégal Salsa with support of the Senegal Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Culture and Communication. In 2003, he directed a documentary for France 5, Combat pour la mer, on the struggle of fishing communities in Bretagne and Senegal. Both movies were with Neri Productions in Paris, founded by filmmaker and actress Florence Arrigoni Neri. After shooting his documentary on illegal immigration Wax pour wax rek, les mots pour le dire, Ndoye died at the hospital of Dakar of a stroke on 11 December 2009. Wax pour wax rek was published posthumously.

## Filmography

Ndoye's films include:
| Year | Film | Genre | Role | Duration |
| 1994 | Le Franc | Comedy | Production and direction assistant | 45 minutes |
| 1999 | La Petite Vendeuse de Soleil | Drama | Production and direction assistant | 45 m |
| 2000 | Sénégal Salsa | TV Music documentary | Director and screenwriter | 52 or 55 m |
| 2002 | Combat pour la mer | TV Documentary on the struggle of fishing communities in Bretagne and Senegal | Director and screenwriter | 49 or 52 m |
| 2009 | Wax pour wax rek, les mots pour le dire | Documentary on clandestine emigration | Director | |

## Awards

Sénégal Salsa won two prizes at the 2001 Festival International de Programmes Audiovisuels (FIPA) at Biarritz: the Music and Live Events Silver FIPA and Michel Mitrani Awards. At the Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou (FESPACO) 2001 it won the Prix de la Guilde des cinéastes et producteurs africains and the Prix technique du meilleur son FESTEL at the Festival de Films du Cameroun 2001.
# Zebulon R. Shipherd

Zebulon Rudd Shipherd (November 15, 1768 – November 1, 1841) was a United States Representative from New York. Born in Granville, Washington County, he completed preparatory studies, studied law with Roger Skinner, was admitted to the bar, and commenced practice in Granville. His wife, Elizabeth Bull, had one child, Fayette. Elizabeth (known as Betsey) and Zebulon had two children together, John J Shipherd (co-founder of both Oberlin and Olivet Colleges) and Minerva Shipherd.
Shipherd was elected as a Federalist to the Thirteenth Congress (March 4, 1813 – March 3, 1815). He resumed the practice of his profession in Granville and was a trustee of Middlebury College (in Middlebury, Vermont) from 1819 to 1841. He moved to Moriah, Essex County about 1830, where he died in 1841; interment was in the Moriah Corners Cemetery. He was also a slaveowner.
# Larisa Moskalenko

Larysa Moskalenko (born 3 January 1963) is a former sailor, who competed for the Soviet Union and Unified Team. She won a bronze medal in the 470 class at the 1988 Summer Olympics with Iryna Chunykhovska.
She moved to Italy in 1993 and ran a luxury boat rental business. In 2013, she was arrested after she had been hired to provide speedboats to an operation that kidnapped children involved in custody battles. She stated in a pre-trial hearing, "I thought it was all legal, in fact I thought it was a humanitarian action."
# Basketball at the 1995 Summer Universiade

Basketball events were contested at the 1995 Summer Universiade in Fukuoka, Japan.

## Medal summary

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men's basketball | United States (USA) Ray Allen Chucky Atkins Austin Croshere Tim Duncan Brian Evans Jerod Haase Othella Harrington Allen Iverson Kerry Kittles Jason Lawson Charles O'Bannon Lorenzen Wright | Japan (JPN) Makoto Akaho Yoshihiko Amano Satoru Furuta Atsushi Haga Makoto Hasegawa Takuya Kita Makoto Minamiyama Kenichi Sako Satoshi Sekiguchi Michael Takahashi Hiroyuki Tominaga Masanori Waki | Canada (CAN) Frederic Arsenault Rowan Barrett Richard Bohne Greg Francis Brendan Graves Peter Guarasci Matt Hildebrand Todd MacCulloch David Picton Shawn Swords Peter Van Elswyk Keith Vassell |
| Women's basketball | Italy (ITA) | United States (USA) | Japan (JPN) |
# World Space Week

World Space Week (WSW) is an annual holiday observed from October 4 to 10 in over 95 nations throughout the world. World Space Week is officially defined as "an international celebration of science and technology, and their contribution to the betterment of the human condition". World Space week is organized every year by coordination of the World Space Week Association (WSWA) and the United Nations (UN).

## History

On December 6, 1999, The United Nations General Assembly declared World Space Week as an annual event celebration to be commemorated between October 4 and 10. The choice of dates was based on recognition of two important dates in space history: the launch of the first human-made Earth satellite, Sputnik 1, on October 4, 1957; and the signing of the Outer Space Treaty on October 10, 1967.
World Space Week is the largest annual space event in the world. In 2019, World Space Week was celebrated with over 8,000 events in 96 countries. Events included school activities, exhibitions, government events, and special activities at planetaria around the world.

## Annual themes

Each year, a theme for World Space Week is established by the Board of Directors of World Space Week Association. Under the theme "The Moon: Gateway to the Stars", many events of World Space Week 2019 focused on the 50th anniversary of the Apollo 11 landing, plans for human exploration of the Moon, and Lunar observation by telescope.
In 2022, theme of World Space Week is "Space and Sustainability.". In 2021, "Women in Space" was the theme. In 2020, the theme for World Space Week was "Satellites Improve Life", and SES CEO Steve Collar was World Space Week 2020 Honorary Chair.

## Activities and observances

The World Space Week Association is a non-governmental, non-profit organization, which is supported by national coordinators in over 50 nations. It is led by an all-volunteer Board of Directors including Buzz Aldrin, Bill Nye the Science Guy, Tom Hanks, Dumitru Prunariu, and space leaders from around the world. Its goals are to educate people around the world about the benefits that they receive from space, encourage use of space for sustainable economic development, foster enthusiastic education and interest in science and cooperation between nations through space outreach and education.
The association provides resources for educators in grade K-12.
A Calendar of Events from nations celebrating World Space Week is available.
SPACE India is the only Regional Coordinator of World Space Week In India.
# Matrix (app)

Matrix was an instant messaging (IM) and communications network that was shut down by cooperation between Dutch and French police in December 2024. It was also known by the names Mactrix, Totalsec, X-Quantum and Q-Safe.

## History

Dutch police discovered the network while investigating the murder of Peter de Vries in 2021. A mobile phone was found in the getaway car. The phone was found to be connected to the Matrix network.
A joint task force involving Dutch and French police was formed, with 2.3 million messages in 33 languages intercepted. Police forces in Italy, Lithuania, Spain and Germany were also involved. Europol and Eurojust coordinated the investigation.

## Infrastructure

The service operated on around 40 servers throughout Europe and had about 8000 users. Users paid between $1350 and $1700 in cryptocurrency for a Google Pixel handset and six months subscription to the service.

## Seizures and arrests

Simultaneous raids and searches took place on 3 December 2024 in four countries, leading to the arrest of five suspects in Spain and France, the shutdown of 40 servers in France and Germany, the seizure of 970 encrypted phones, €145,000 in cash, €500,000 in cryptocurrency and four vehicles. A 52-year-old Lithuanian man who was arrested is believed to be the primary owner and operator.
A 30-year-old Dutch man who used the app was arrested - he is suspected of smuggling cocaine in 2020.

## Closure

Users of the network were informed of it closing by a splash screen.