OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ponzo illusion

The Ponzo illusion is a geometrical-optical illusion that takes its name from the Italian psychologist Mario Ponzo (1882–1960). Ponzo never claimed to have discovered it, and it is indeed present in earlier work. Much confusion is present about this including many references to a paper that Ponzo published in 1911 on the Aristotle illusion. This is a tactile effect and it has nothing at all to do with what we now call the Ponzo illusion. The illusion can be demonstrated by drawing two identical lines across a pair of converging lines, similar to railway tracks, but the effect works also at different orientations.
One of the explanations for the Ponzo illusion is the "perspective hypothesis", which says that the perspective feature in the figure is produced by the converging lines ordinarily associated with distance; the two oblique lines appear to converge toward the horizon or a vanishing point. We interpret the upper line as though it were further away, so we see it as longer. A further object would have to be longer than a nearer one for both to produce retinal images of the same size.
Another explanation is the "framing-effects hypothesis", which says that the difference in the separation or gap of the horizontal lines from the framing converging lines may determine, or at least contribute to the magnitude of the distortion.
The Ponzo illusion is one possible explanation of the Moon illusion, as suggested by Ponzo in 1912. Objects appearing "far away" (because they are "on" the horizon) appears larger than objects "overhead". However, some have argued that explaining one perception ("appears far away") in terms of another ("appears bigger") is problematic scientifically, and there are probably complex internal processes behind these illusions.
The Ponzo illusion also occurs in touch and with an auditory-to-visual sensory-substitution device. However, prior visual experience seems mandatory to perceive it as demonstrated by the fact that congenitally blind subjects are not sensitive to it.
The Ponzo illusion has been used to demonstrate a dissociation between vision-for-perception and vision-for-action (see Two-streams hypothesis). Thus, the scaling of grasping movements directed towards objects embedded within a Ponzo illusion is not subject to the size illusion. In other words, the opening between the index finger and thumb is scaled to the real not the apparent size of the target object as the grasping hand approaches it.
Cross-cultural differences in susceptibility to the Ponzo illusion have been noted, with non-Western and rural people showing less susceptibility. Other recent research suggests that an individual's receptivity to this illusion, as well as the Ebbinghaus illusion, may be inversely correlated with the size of the individual's primary visual cortex.
# Hubert Work

Hubert Work (July 3, 1860 – December 14, 1942) was a U.S. administrator and physician. He served as the United States Postmaster General from 1922 until 1923 during the presidency of Warren G. Harding. He served as the United States Secretary of the Interior from 1923 until 1928 during the administrations of Warren G. Harding and Calvin Coolidge.

## Early life and career

Work was born in Marion Center, Pennsylvania, to Tabitha Van Horn and Moses Thompson Work. He attended medical school at the University of Michigan from 1882 to 1883 and received an M.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1885. He settled in Colorado and founded Woodcroft Hospital in Pueblo, Colorado, in 1896.
Work was active in the Republican Party and served as the Colorado state chairman in 1912. In 1914, Work ran unsuccessfully in a special election for the United States Senate. He was defeated by Democrat Charles S. Thomas, later the governor of Colorado.
Work received 98,728 votes (39 percent) compared to Thomas' 102,037 ballots (40.3 percent). This was Colorado's first Senate election by popular vote under the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. During World War I, Work served in the U.S. Army Medical Corps and attained the rank of lieutenant colonel.
From 1921 to 1922, Work served as the president of the American Medical Association. He was the Colorado delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1920 and was chairman of the Republican National Committee from 1928 to 1929.
Work served as the U.S. Assistant Postmaster General from 1921 to 1922, and as the U.S. Postmaster General from 1922 to 1923 under President Harding. He served as the U.S. Secretary of the Interior from 1923 to 1928, under the administrations of President Warren G. Harding and Calvin Coolidge. During Work's tenure as the Secretary of the Interior, American citizenship was formally granted to the Native Americans in the United States. He resigned from the Department of the Interior on July 24, 1928, and was replaced by Roy O. West. He was the first physician to serve in the U.S. Cabinet.

## Personal life

In 1887, Work married Laura M. Arbuckle (1859 – 1924), with whom he had three children: Philip, Dorcas "Doris" Logan, and Robert Van Horn Work. Work's first wife died and he married the former Ethel Reed Gano in 1933.
Work died in Denver, Colorado, on December 14, 1942. He was buried in Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia, next to his first wife.
# Barbara Allen (politician)

Barbara Allen (born February 8, 1961) is a Republican, Kansas state senator from the 8th District. She is from Overland Park, Kansas, and is an attorney. Allen graduated with a Bachelor of Science from Mount Vernon College for Women (now the George Washington University Mount Vernon campus) and a degree from the University of Missouri–Kansas City Law School. She was first appointed to the Kansas House of Representatives to fill the remainder of the term of Ron Fox, who resigned in 1987, and won re-election in her own right for an additional six terms. In the 2000 election, she won a seat in the Kansas Senate, where she served for two terms.
In March 2005, Allen was informed that she had breast cancer. Unable to be treated in Kansas, Allen sought treatment at the Dana–Farber Cancer Institute in Boston. After 12 rounds of chemotherapy, 33 radiation treatments, and surgery, doctors said that they could not detect any cancer.
She is a patron of the Kansas Children's Cabinet.

## Personal life

Allen is a native of Overland Park, Kansas. She married Kevin Moriarty in November 2011.

## Political experience

* Senator, Kansas State Senate, 2001–2008
* Representative, Kansas State House, 1989–2001
* Assistant Attorney General, 1985–1987
# Donna Britt (writer)

Donna Marie Britt is an American author and former syndicated newspaper columnist, reporter and critic. Her first book, Brothers (& me): A Memoir of Loving and Giving, was published in 2011 by Little, Brown and Company.

## Early life and education

Britt was born and raised in Gary, Indiana. Her father, Thomas, was a construction worker, and her mother, Geraldine, was an insurance salesperson and recruiter for the state of Indiana. Britt graduated from West Side High School in Gary, and later earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in film from Hampton University.
In 1977, while studying for her master's degree at the University of Michigan, Britt's 26-year-old older brother Darrell was shot and killed by two Gary, Indiana police officers under suspicious circumstances. She later wrote extensively about the incident and its impact on her family.

## Career

Britt launched her journalism career at the Detroit Free Press in 1980 where she worked as a general assignment reporter, features writer and fashion columnist. A former editor and film critic for USA Today, she joined The Washington Post in 1989, earning acclaim as an op-ed columnist and writing frequently about social, cultural and racial issues. Her weekly column ran in newspapers in more than 60 cities and was syndicated by the Washington Post Writer's Group.
Britt's 2011 book, Brothers (& me): a Memoir of Loving and Giving was honored by O: The Oprah Magazine as one of January 2012's "Ten Titles to Pick Up Now," and excerpted that same month by Essence magazine.

## Personal life

Britt is married to author and Los Angeles Times executive editor, Kevin Merida. In 2012, Britt and Merida ranked seventh on the list of African American power couples compiled by HuffPost. They have three sons: Justin Britt-Gibson and Darrell Britt-Gibson (from Britt's first marriage), and Skye Merida.
A well-being and meditation enthusiast, Britt has instructed yoga since 2004.

## Honors and awards

Britt has earned numerous awards, including top honors from the National Association of Black Journalists, The American Association of Sunday and Feature Editors, and the American Society of Newspaper Editors.
# Megaphobema

Megaphobema is a genus of tarantulas that was first described by Reginald Innes Pocock in 1901. They look similar to members of Pamphobeteus except for its legs; the third and fourth pairs of legs are much larger and stronger than the first two pairs.

## Species

As of December 2024 it contains four species, found in Ecuador, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica and Peru:
* Megaphobema lakoi (Mello-Leitão, 1943) - Brazil
* Megaphobema robustum (Ausserer, 1875) (type) – Colombia
* Megaphobema teceae (Pérez-Miles, Miglio & Bonaldo, 2006) – Brazil
* Megaphobema velvetosoma (Schmidt, 1995) – Ecuador, Peru, Brazil
# Jërullah Hesamidin

Jërullah Hesamidin (Uyghur: جەرۇللاھ ھېسامىدىن, romanized: Jërullah Hesamidin; born June 1962) is a Chinese politician of Uyghur origin who has been vice chairman of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region since January 2013. He previously served as mayor of Ürümqi, the capital of Xinjiang, from 2009 to 2013.

## Biography

Jërullah Hesamidin was born in Artux, Xinjiang, in June 1962. He entered the workforce in November 1980, and joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in December 1986. He studied as a part-time student at China Youth University of Political Studies, Tianjin University, Central Party School of the Chinese Communist Party and Xinjiang University of Finance and Economics.
He served in various posts in Kashgar Prefecture before serving as magistrate of Yopurga County in March 1994. He was eventually promoted to vice governor in March 1999. In February 2005, he was assigned to Aksu Prefecture and appointed governor, a position he held until February 2008. In February 2008, he was named acting mayor of Ürümqi, a major city and the capital of Xinjiang. He was installed as mayor in February 2009. In January 2013, he rose to become vice chairman of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.
# Ian Doescher

Ian Doescher /ˈdɛʃər/ (born 1977) is an American fiction writer, best known as the author of the plays in the William Shakespeare's Star Wars series, parodic retellings of George Lucas's Star Wars films (1977–2005) in blank verse and 16th-century style of William Shakespeare.

## Personal life

Doescher has a B.A. in Music from Yale University, a Master of Divinity from Yale Divinity School, and a Ph.D. in Ethics from Union Theological Seminary. He lives with his wife and two children in Portland, Oregon.
Doescher claims to be only a Star Wars and Star Trek fan and not well versed in other science-fiction literature. The idea for WSSW came to him when he went to the Oregon Shakespeare Festival in Ashland shortly after reading Pride and Prejudice and Zombies. After the first draft was shown to Lucasfilm, their response was "We like this and it’s fun, but we’d like to see Ian do more with it. Go ahead and have some more fun with it, and go out of bounds of movie itself", so he rewrote it.

## Publications
### Literary works

* William Shakespeare's Star Wars:
** William Shakespeare's Star Wars: Verily, a New Hope (2013)
** William Shakespeare's The Empire Striketh Back: Star Wars Part the Fifth (2014)
** William Shakespeare's The Jedi Doth Return: Star Wars Part the Sixth (2014)
*** William Shakespeare's Star Wars Trilogy: The Royal Imperial Boxed Set (2014)
** William Shakespeare's The Phantom of Menace: Star Wars Part the First (2015)
** William Shakespeare's The Clone Army Attacketh: Star Wars Part the Second (2015)
** William Shakespeare's Tragedy of the Sith's Revenge: Star Wars Part the Third (2015)
** William Shakespeare's The Force Doth Awaken: Star Wars Part the Seventh (2017)
** William Shakespeare's Jedi the Last: Star Wars Part the Eighth (2018)
** William Shakespeare’s The Merry Rise of Skywalker: Star Wars Part the Ninth (2020)
* Pop Shakespeare:
** William Shakespeare's Much Ado About Mean Girls (Pop Shakespeare Book 1) (2019)
** William Shakespeare's Get Thee...Back to the Future! (Pop Shakespeare Book 2) (2019)
** William Shakespeare's The Taming of the Clueless (Pop Shakespeare Book 3) (2020)
* William Shakespeare's Christmas Carol (2015)
* Marvel Shakespeare:
** Deadpool: World's Greatest, Vol. 7: Deadpool Does Shakespeare (2017)
** William Shakespeare's Avengers: The Complete Works (2021)
* "Palpatine" in From a Certain Point of View (2017)
* MacTrump: A Shakespearean Tragicomedy of the Trump Administration, Part I (2019; co-authored with Jacopo della Quercia)
* Shakespeare Horror:
** William Shakespeare's Tragical History of Frankenstein (2020)
** William Shakespeare's Dracula (2022)
** William Shakespeare's Strange Case of Doctor Jekyll and Mister Hyde (2022)
* Bobby Bauman: A Novel (2022)

### Non-literary works

On February 11, 2019, Doescher wrote the lyrics for the Star Wars parody of the Hamilton song "My Shot" for a YouTube video on his YouTube channel.
# Ahe Dayamaya Biswa Bihari

Ahe Dôyamôyô Biswô Bihari is a prayer poem in the Odia language, by the Odia writer Ramakrushna Nanda.
The prayer song was reportedly a favourite of Mahatma Gandhi while he was at Sabarmati Ashram. This prayer poem was included in his Odia textbook Sahitya Sopana, and went on to become the most popular prayer song in Odisha because of its simplicity and beauty.

## Lyrics

The full lyrics of this prayer in Odia is as follows:
ଆହେ ଦୟାମୟ ବିଶ୍ୱ ବିହାରୀ, ଘେନ ଦୟା ବହି ମୋର ଗୁହାରି! |୧|
ଜଳ ସ୍ଥଳ ବନ ଗିରି ଆକାଶ, ତୁମ ଲୀଳା ସବୁଠାରେ ପ୍ରକାଶ। |୨|
ଆହେ ଦୟାମୟ ବିଶ୍ୱ ବିହାରୀ, ଘେନ ଦୟା ବହି ମୋର ଗୁହାରି!
ତୁମେ ଶୁଭ ବୁଦ୍ଧି ପରା ଶିଖାଅ, ତୁମେ ଭଲ ବାଟ ପରା ଦେଖାଅ |୩|
ମୋର କାମକୁ କରାଅ ସରସ, ମୋର ମୁଖେ ଦିଅ ଚିର ହରଷ |୪|
ଆହେ ଦୟାମୟ ବିଶ୍ୱ ବିହାରୀ, ଘେନ ଦୟା ବହି ମୋର ଗୁହାରି!
ତୁମ ଚରଣରେ ମୋର ଭକତି, ଦିଅ ବିପଦେ ସାହସ ଶକତି |୫|
କୂଟ କପଟ ସ୍ୱଭାବ ଯାହାର, ତାଙ୍କୁ ଦୂରୁ ମୁଁ କରଇ ଜୁହାର |୬|
ଆହେ ଦୟାମୟ ବିଶ୍ୱ ବିହାରୀ, ଘେନ ଦୟା ବହି ମୋର ଗୁହାରି!
ମୋତେ ନ ମିଶାଅ ତାଙ୍କ ସାଥିରେ, ସଦା ରଖ ସାଧୁଜନ କତିରେ |୭|
ଦୟା ବିନୟ ହେଉ ମୋ ଭୂଷଣ, କାହା ମନେ ମୁଁ ନଦିଏ କଷଣ |୮|
ଆହେ ଦୟାମୟ ବିଶ୍ୱ ବିହାରୀ, ଘେନ ଦୟା ବହି ମୋର ଗୁହାରି!
ଦୁଃଖୀ ଅରକ୍ଷିତ ସେବା କାରଣେ, ବଳ ଦିଅ ମୋର କର ଚରଣେ |୯|
ସତ କହିବାକୁ କିଆଁ ଡରିବି, ସତ କହି ପଛେ ମଲେ ମରିବି |୧୦|
ଆହେ ଦୟାମୟ ବିଶ୍ୱ ବିହାରୀ, ଘେନ ଦୟା ବହି ମୋର ଗୁହାରି!
ମୋତେ ଏତିକି ଶିଖାଅ ସାଇଁ ହେ, ମୋର ଧନଜନ ଲୋଡ଼ା ନାହିଁ ହେ |୧୧|
ତୁମେ ସବୁଠାରୁ ବଡ଼ ଠାକୁର, ସଦା ରହିବି ମୁଁ ତୁମ ପୟର |୧୨|
ଆହେ ଦୟାମୟ ବିଶ୍ୱ ବିହାରୀ, ଘେନ ଦୟା ବହି ମୋର ଗୁହାରି |
# Seven Dials Mystery (upcoming TV series)

The Seven Dials Mystery is an upcoming television series adapted by Chris Chibnall from Agatha Christie's the novel of the same name, and starring Mia McKenna-Bruce, Martin Freeman and Helena Bonham Carter. The series will release on Netflix.

## Synopsis

A practical joke leads to murder in an English country house in the 1920s.

## Cast

* Mia McKenna-Bruce as Lady Eileen Brent
* Martin Freeman as Superintendent Battle
* Helena Bonham Carter as Lady Caterham
* Edward Bluemel as Jimmy Thesiger

## Production

The adaptation is written by Chris Chibnall and it has Suzanne Mackie as executive producer through Orchid Pictures, as well as Chris Sussman. Chris Sweeney is director. Chibnall is also an executive producer, as is James Pritchard for Agatha Christie Limited.
The cast is led by Mia McKenna-Bruce, Helena Bonham Carter and Martin Freeman who were announced in June 2024. The following month, Edward Bluemel joined the cast.
Filming started in the United Kingdom in June 2024. Filming locations include Bristol and Bath.
# Elliston, Newfoundland and Labrador

Elliston is an incorporated fishing settlement situated on the Bonavista Peninsula of Newfoundland, Canada. Incorporated in 1965, the town of Elliston was once called Bird Island Cove and it is composed of a number of communities, North Side, Noder Cover, Elliston Centre, Elliston Point, Porter's Point, Sandy Cove, The Neck and Maberly. Elliston is known as the Root Cellar Capital of the World and has claimed that title from the 135 root cellars that exist in the community.
In 2013, parts of the movie The Grand Seduction were filmed at Elliston.

## History

Elliston, originally known as Bird Island Cove, was settled in the early 19th century, primarily by fishing families attracted to the rich marine resources of the region. In 1902, the town was renamed Elliston by Reverend Charles Lench to honour in honor of Reverend William Ellis, the first Methodist missionary in this town.
In 2010, discussions were held about the potential annexation of Elliston by the nearby town of Bonavista The proposal arose from concerns about the economic sustainability and administrative challenges of smaller municipalities in the region. A feasibility study was conducted to explore the benefits and drawbacks of merging services and governance. However, the idea was met with mixed reactions from residents, and the annexation did not proceed. Elliston continues to operate as an independent municipality.

## Events

* The Roots, Rants and Roars festival is filled with Elliston's music and food, with a competition called Cod Wars where chefs make the most creative and original dishes featuring cod.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Elliston had a population of 315 living in 148 of its 198 total private dwellings, a change of 2.3% from its 2016 population of 308. With a land area of 10.07 km$^2$ (3.89 sq mi), it had a population density of 31.3/km$^2$ (81.0/sq mi) in 2021.
# Charles H. Heath

Charles H. Heath (November 4, 1829 – July 12, 1889) was a Vermont politician and attorney who served as President of the Vermont Senate.

## Biography

Charles Henry Heath was born in Woodbury, Vermont on November 4, 1829. He graduated from the University of Vermont (UVM) with an AB in 1854 and received an AM from UVM in 1857. Heath taught and served as a school principal in Morrisville while studying law, attained admission to the bar in 1858, and began a practice in Plainfield.
A Republican, Heath served as Washington County State's Attorney from 1862 to 1864. He served in the Vermont Senate for three terms beginning in 1868, and was Senate President from 1870 to 1872.
From 1870 to 1871 Heath was a member of the state Board of Agriculture. He was a trustee of the state library beginning in 1872 and Goddard Seminary from 1875. From 1887 to 1888 Heath was President of the Vermont Bar Association.
After serving in the State Senate, Heath relocated to Montpelier, where he practiced law until his death. He died in Barre on July 12, 1889. He was buried at Green Mount Cemetery in Montpelier.
# Dávid Oláh

Dávid Oláh (born 17 September 1988 in Nyíregyháza) is a Hungarian football player who currently plays for Várda SE.
# Marianne Jelved

Marianne Bruus Jelved (née Hirsbro, born 5 September 1943) is a Danish politician and bureaucrat who is a member of the Folketing for the Danish Social Liberal Party. She was elected into parliament in the 1994 Danish general election and had previously sat in parliament from 1987 to 1993. She is a former Minister of Economic Affairs, Nordic Cooperation, Culture and Ecclesiastical Affairs.

## Background

Jelved is educated as a teacher and has a Master's degree in education from the Danish School of Education. She worked as a primary school teacher for 22 years.

## Political career

Jelved was in the municipal council of Gundsø Municipality from 1982 to 1989.
She was elected to the Parliament of Denmark in 1987 for the Danish Social Liberal Party (Radikale Venstre). In 1990 she became political leader of the party. During the 1990s she served as Minister of Economic Affairs (1993–2001) and Minister for Nordic Cooperation (1994–2001) in two Social Democratic governments. In 2007 MP Naser Khader and MEP Anders Samuelsen broke away from the party in protest to form the New Alliance, today known as Liberal Alliance. Jelved resigned as political leader in 2007 following a drop in opinion polls and criticism from within the party. She remained an MP, serving as Minister of Culture from 2012–2015 and Minister of Ecclesiastical Affairs from 2014–2015 in Prime Minister Helle Thorning-Schmidt's three-way government coalition. As of the 2019 elections, she is the oldest member of parliament.
# Ehrhard Schmidt

Ehrhard Schmidt (18 May 1863 – 18 July 1946) was an admiral of the Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial German Navy) during World War I.

## Career

At age 15, he entered the navy and saw service at several branches at sea and on land. Among them were posts on missions, as a commanding officer and in cadet training. His wish to become commander of a ship was granted in 1901 when he assumed command of the armoured cruiser Prinz Adalbert. He held that command until 1907. From 1908 to 1910, he commanded the Braunschweig-class battleship Hessen and was afterwards promoted to Konteradmiral to command the II Squadron of the Offshore Fleet. Later he was commander of the naval artillery.
At the beginning of World War I, he was commander of the IV Squadron, made up of old Wittelsbach-class ships. During the Battle of Jutland, Schmidt commanded the I Squadron and used it as a vanguard to break through the British lines at night. In 1917, he led Operation Albion, a special task force for the occupation of the Baltic Sea islands of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa off the Estonian coast. For his achievements he was awarded the Pour le Mérite order. Upon his request, he was retired in 1918 with the rank of Admiral à la Suite, and following the Great War, he, like many of his former comrades of similar age, did not join the Reichsmarine. He remained loyal to the spirit of the Imperial Navy.
Apart from his nomination as Honorary Chairman of the Munich Naval Association (Marineverein München), he was appointed the Honorary Leader of the Gau of Bavaria.
# Nelson Jair Cardona Ramírez

Nelson Jair Cardona Ramírez (born 18 January 1969) is a Colombian prelate of the Catholic Church who was the Bishop of San José del Guaviare from 2016 to 2024, since December 4, 2024, he has been the Bishop of the Diocese of Pereira

## Biography

Nelson Jair Cardona Ramírez was born in Norcasia on 18 January 1969. He studied at the Major Seminary in Manizales; he earned a licenciate in spiritual theology at the Pontifical Gregorian University and a doctorate in theology from the Theological Pastoral Institute for Latin America (ITEPAL). He was ordained a priest of the Diocese of La Dorada-Guaduas on 12 December 1992.
His assignments have included service as Diocesan Delegate for Youth Ministry, Diocesan Delegate for Vocation Ministry, parish priest of San Antonio de Padua in La Paz, Professor and Formator of the Diocesan Major Seminary Christ Buen Pastor, priest at the Cathedral, Parish Administrator of Santísima Trinidad parish in Puerto Salgar, parish priest of San Antonio de Padua parish in Manzanares. Beguin 2005 he was Diocesan Delegate for ordained ministers. Since 2010 he has been taught at the Theological Pastoral Institute for Latin America (ITEPAL), serving as parish priest of Santísima Trinidad parish in Puerto Salgar since 2015.
On 7 May 2016, Pope Francis named him Bishop of San José del Guaviare. He received his episcopal consecration from Oscar Aníbal Salazar Gómez, Bishop of La Dorada-Guaduas, on 18 June and was installed on 9 July.
He was a participant in the Synod of Bishops for the Pan-Amazon region in 2019. He was one of four Synod prelates elected on 7 October to the thirteen-person committee to prepare the Synod's concluding document.
# Liufau Sonoma

Liufau Tanielu Sonoma Unutoa (died August 4, 2009) was an American Samoan politician.
Sonoma served as high chief of the village of Aua, American Samoa. He also served in the American Samoa Senate. Sonoma worked as a meteorologist for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration