OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Palais de la Découverte

The Palais de la Découverte (French pronunciation:, lit. 'Discovery Palace') is a science museum located in the Grand Palais, in the 8th arrondissement on Avenue Franklin D. Roosevelt, Paris, France. It is open daily except Monday; an admission fee is charged.
The museum was created in 1937 by Jean Baptiste Perrin (awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics, 1926) during an international exhibition on "Arts and techniques in modern life". In 1938, the French government decided to convert the facility into a new museum, which now occupies 25,000 square metres within the west wing of the Grand Palais (Palais d'Antin) built for the Exposition Universelle (1900) to designs by architect Albert-Félix-Théophile Thomas. On January 9, 1940, a new decree linked museum, this time to the University of Paris.
In 1972, decree no. 72-367 of April 28 transformed the Palais de la Découverte into an autonomous public establishment. In 1990, it received the status of large establishment following decree no. 90-99 of January 25.
In January 2010, the museum was merged with the Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie under one institution named universcience with two locations.
Today the museum contains permanent exhibits for mathematics, physics, astronomy, chemistry, geology, and biology, featuring interactive experiments with commentaries by lecturers. It includes a Zeiss planetarium with 15-metre dome.
Under renovation in the early 2020s, its activities continued at Les Étincelles, 186 rue Saint-Charles, in the 15th arrondissement.

## Pi room

The museum contains a circular room known as the "pi room". On its wall is inscribed 707 digits of the number π. The digits are large wooden characters attached to the dome-like ceiling. The digits were based on an 1873 calculation by English mathematician William Shanks, which included an error in the 528th digit. The error was detected in 1946, and corrected in 1949.
# Boxing at the 2007 All-Africa Games

The Boxing Tournament at the 2007 All-Africa Games was held in Algiers, Algeria from July 11 to July 23. It served as a qualification tournament for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, PR China. The number one and two earned a ticket for the Olympic tournament.

## Medal winners

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Light Flyweight (– 48 kilograms) | Suleiman Bilali (KEN) | Manyo Plange (GHA) | Thomas Essomba (CMR) Junior Mikamou (GAB) |
| Flyweight (– 51 kilograms) | Abderahim Mechenouai (ALG) | Jackson Chauke (RSA) | Johannes Simon (NAM) Kennedy Kanyanta (ZAM) |
| Bantamweight (– 54 kilograms) | Abdelhalim Ouradi (ALG) | Issah Samir (GHA) | Bruno Julie (MRI) Khumiso Ikgopoleng (BOT) |
| Featherweight (– 57 kilograms) | Abdelkader Chadi (ALG) | Alaa Shili (TUN) | Roberto Adjaho (BEN) Ibrahima Keita (GUI) |
| Lightweight (– 60 kilograms) | Seifeddine Nejmaoui (TUN) | Yassin Al-Sheairy (EGY) | Owethu Mbira (RSA) Muideen Ganiyu (NGA) |
| Light Welterweight (– 64 kilograms) | Hastings Bwalya (ZAM) | Herbert Nkabiti (BOT) | Abderrahmane Araby (EGY) Rachid Tariket (ALG) |
| Welterweight (– 69 kilograms) | Rached Merdassi (TUN) | Bastir Samir (GHA) | Foster Nkodo (CMR) Hossam Bakr Abdin (EGY) |
| Middleweight (– 75 kilograms) | Nabil Kassel (ALG) | Ahmed Saraku (GHA) | Jean-Babtiste Bekondji (CMR) Daniel Shishia (KEN) |
| Light Heavyweight (– 81 kilograms) | Ramadan Yasser (EGY) | Abdelhafid Benchabla (ALG) | Adura Olalehin (NGA) Joshua Ndere (KEN) |
| Heavyweight (– 91 kilograms) | Mourad Sahraoui (TUN) | Lateef Kayode (NGA) | Abdelaziz Touilbini (ALG) Ousmane Diatta (SEN) |
| Super Heavyweight (+ 91 kilograms) | Emad Abdelhalim Ali (EGY) | Newfel Ouatah (ALG) | Mohamed Homrani (TUN) Remy Atsama (CMR) |

## Medals table

| Rank | Nation | | | | Total |
| 1 | Algeria | 4 | 2 | 2 | 8 |
| 2 | Tunisia | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| 3 | Egypt | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 |
| 4 | Kenya | 1 | 0 | 3 | 4 |
| 5 | Zambia | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 6 | Ghana | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 7 | Nigeria | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 8 | Botswana | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 8 | South Africa | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 10 | Cameroon | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 11 | Benin | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 11 | Gabon | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 11 | Guinea | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 11 | Mauritius | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 11 | Namibia | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 11 | Senegal | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
# Tamara E. Jernigan

Tamara Elizabeth "Tammy" Jernigan (born May 7, 1959) is an American astrophysicist and former NASA astronaut. During her career she completed five Space Shuttle program missions (three on Columbia and one each on Endeavour and Discovery), logging over 1512 hours in space. Jernigan left NASA in 2001, and is Deputy Principal Associate Director in the Weapons and Complex Integration (WCI) organization at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.

## Early life and education

Tamara Elizabeth Jernigan was born on May 7, 1959, in Chattanooga, Tennessee, to Mary and Terry Jernigan. She attended Santa Fe High School in Santa Fe Springs, California, graduating in 1977. Jernigan attended Stanford University, where she played varsity volleyball. She earned a B.S. degree in physics in 1981 and an M.S. in engineering science in 1983. At the University of California, Berkeley, she received an M.S. in astronomy in 1985. In 1988, she was awarded a Ph.D. in space physics and astronomy from Rice University. Her research focused on the modeling of high-velocity outflows in regions of star formation, gamma-ray bursters, and the study of radiation produced by interstellar shock waves.

## NASA career

Jernigan began working for NASA in June 1981 at the Ames Research Center while earning her degrees at Stanford and Berkeley. She worked in the Theoretical Studies Branch as a research scientist until June 1985 when she was among the 13 people selected as astronaut candidates.
She entered the NASA Astronaut Corps in July 1986. Her first trip to space was on June 5, 1991. She flew on five Space Shuttle program missions (three on Columbia and one each on Endeavour and Discovery) and logged over 1512 hours in space. In her last mission on Discovery in 1999, she performed an extra-vehicular activity for 7 hours and 55.5 minutes.
Jernigan has served as Deputy Chief of the Astronaut Office, assisting with the management of both military and civilian astronauts and support personnel and as Deputy for the Space Station program where she developed and advocated Astronaut Office positions on the design and operation of the International Space Station. She also represented NASA management on the U.S. negotiating team in Moscow during technical interchange meetings designed to resolve crew training, crew rotation, and operational issues.
Jernigan retired from NASA in 2001 and currently serves as Deputy Principal Associate Director in the Weapons and Complex Integration (WCI) organization at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.

## Awards

Jernigan is the recipient of the NASA Distinguished Service Medal and the NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal.

## Personal

She currently resides in Pleasanton, California. She is married to former astronaut Peter Wisoff and has two children, Jeffrey Wisoff and Michael Wisoff. Both Peter and Jeffrey currently work at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
# N-655 National Highway

The N-655 or National Highway 655 (Urdu: قومی شاہراہ ۶۵۵) is a national highway in Pakistan which extends from Ratodero to Naudero in Sindh province. Its total length is 18 km and is maintained by the National Highway Authority.
# Weightlifting at the 1993 SEA Games

Weightlifting at the 1993 Southeast Asian Games was held at the Tampines Sports Hall in Singapore.

## Medal table

* Host nation (Singapore)
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Indonesia (INA) | 4 | 2 | 2 | 8 |
| 2 | Thailand (THA) | 3 | 2 | 3 | 8 |
| 3 | Philippines (PHI) | 1 | 4 | 2 | 7 |
| 4 | Myanmar (MYA) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 5 | Singapore (SIN)* | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Totals (5 entries) | Totals (5 entries) | 9 | 9 | 8 | 26 |

## Medal summary

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| 54 kg | Hari Setiawan Indonesia | 250 kg | Teo Yong Joo Singapore | 222.5 kg | Sinchai Khatsri Thailand | 220 kg |
| 59 kg | Samuel Alegada Philippines | 260 kg | Taufik Indonesia | 240 kg | Samat Hansawong Thailand | 235 kg |
| 64 kg | Sodikin Indonesia | 285 kg | Jose Arnel Salazar Philippines | 247.5 kg | None awarded | None awarded |
| 70 kg | Lukman Indonesia | 307.5 kg | Chaleampol Moonmongkol Thailand | 285 kg | Roberto Colonia Philippines | 255 kg |
| 77 kg | Aran Boonlue Thailand | 310 kg | Nicolas Jaluag Philippines | 302.5 kg | Myint Naing Oo Myanmar | 302.5 kg |
| 91 kg | Kyaw Thet Myanmar | | Theregiat Phuekasem Thailand | | Ferry Ardiato Indonesia | |
| 99 kg | Sunaryo Indonesia | | Ramon Solis Philippines | 312.5 kg | Luis Bayanin Philippines | 295 kg |
| 108 kg | Somchai Boonlue Thailand | | Mohamad Yasin Indonesia | | Sirichai Choatissanawong Thailand | |
| 108+ kg | Sarayudt Pisarnvapee Thailand | | Jaime Sebastian Philippines | 297.5 kg | I Nyoman Ari Indonesia | |

### Notes

* ↑ Chan Hon Ming of Singapore placed third with 140 kg but was not awarded the bronze medal since there were only 3 competitors in this event.
# Richard Makinson

Richard Elliss Bodenham Makinson (5 May 1913 – 15 January 1979), also R.E.B. or Dick Makinson, was an Australian physicist and communist activist, known for his contributions to solid-state physics and amorphous semiconductors.
Makinson was born in Burwood a suburb in the Inner West of Sydney. He first enrolled at North Sydney Boys High School and later completed secondary education at Sydney Church of England Grammar (Shore) School. He graduated with first-class honours in physics from the University of Sydney in 1935. Later he traveled to England where he was awarded a PhD in physics from the University of Cambridge in 1939.
Makinson contributed to the understanding of thermal conductivity in crystals. His work in this area is cited in the classical book Introduction to Solid State Physics by Charles Kittel. He also contributed to the physics of amorphous semiconductors. This research is cited in the book Quantum Electron Theory of Amorphous Conductors.
During the Cold War, Makinson was suspected of communist sympathies and explicitly denounced by noted anti-communist William Wentworth. As a result, he was denied a number of teaching positions, including a research chair at Sydney University, where he taught from 1939 to 1968.
Makinson was a friend and colleague of John Clive Ward and assisted in the creation of the physics program at Macquarie University where he obtained a position in 1968. In the late 1970s he was a supporter of the Macquarie science reform movement.
Makinson died of cancer, at Wahroonga, a northern suburb of Sydney, in 1979.
# Danian, Fars

Danian (Persian: دنيان, also Romanized as Danīan, Danyān, Denīān, and Denyān) is a village in Alaviyeh Rural District, Kordian District, Jahrom County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 266, in 74 families.
# Theileria

Theileria is a genus of parasites that belongs to the phylum Apicomplexa, and is closely related to Plasmodium. Two Theileria species, T. annulata and T. parva, are important cattle parasites. T. annulata causes tropical theileriosis and T. parva causes East Coast fever. Theileria species are transmitted by ticks. The genomes of T. orientalis Shintoku, Theileria equi WA, Theileria annulata Ankara and Theileria parva Muguga have been sequenced and published.
Theileria equi is a known cause of equine piroplasmosis.
Vaccines against Theileria are in development. In May 2010, a vaccine that was reported to protect cattle against East Coast fever had been approved and registered by the governments of Kenya, Malawi, and Tanzania.

## Description

Species in this genus undergo exoerythrocytic merogony in the lymphocytes, histiocytes, erythroblasts, and other cells of the internal organs. This is followed by invasion of the erythrocytes by the merozoites, which may or may not reproduce. When merogony does occur, no more than four daughter cells are produced. The frequent occurrence of elongated bacillary or "bayonet" forms within the erythrocyte is considered as characteristic of this genus.
The organism is transmitted by various tick species, including Rhipicephalus, Dermacentor, and Haemaphysalis. The organism reproduces in the tick as it progresses through its life stages. Both T. annulata and T. parva induce transformation of infected cells of lymphocyte or macrophage/monocyte lineages. T. orientalis does not induce uncontrolled proliferation of infected leukocytes and instead multiplies predominantly within infected erythrocytes.

## Genomics

The genomes of T. orientalis Shintoku, Theileria equi WA, Theileria annulata Ankara and Theileria parva Muguga have been sequenced. Genomic data can be accessed though PiroplasmaDB which is part of the Eukaryotic Pathogen Database).

## Evolution

The genus is thought to have first appeared in ruminants during the Miocene. It is named for parasitologist Gertrud Theiler, daughter of Arnold Theiler.

## Transmission

Theileria spp. can be transmitted to cattle through tick bites, including the brown ear tick, a Rhipicephalus sp.

## Important species

* T. parva is the cause of bovine theileriosis and East Coast fever.
* T. annulata also is a cause of bovine theileriosis.
* T. equi causes equine piroplasmosis. It was originally classified as Babesia equi in 1901 by Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran, but was reclassified as T. equi in 1998 by Heinz Mehlhorn and Eberhard Schein.

## Treatment

* Buparvaquone is a promising compound for the therapy and prophylaxis of all forms of theileriosis.
# Anax (dragonfly)

Anax (from Ancient Greek ἄναξ anax, "lord, master, king") is a genus of dragonflies in the family Aeshnidae. It includes species such as the emperor dragonfly, Anax imperator.
Anax spp. are very large dragonflies. They generally have light-colored bodies and dark tails with pale markings.
Some species are migratory, for example Anax junius.

## Species

The genus Anax includes these species:
* Anax amazili (Burmeister, 1839) – Amazon darner
* Anax aurantiacus Makbun, Wongkamhaeng & Keetapithchayakul, 2022
* Anax bangweuluensis Kimmins, 1955 – swamp emperor
* Anax chloromelas Ris, 1911 – dark emperor
* Anax concolor Brauer, 1865 – blue-spotted comet darner
* Anax congoliath Fraser, 1953
* Anax ephippiger (Burmeister, 1839) – vagrant emperor
* Anax fumosus Hagen, 1867
* Anax georgius Selys, 1872 – Kimberley emperor
* Anax gladiator Dijkstra & Kipping, 2015 – swordbearer emperor
* Anax gibbosulus Rambur, 1842 – green emperor
* Anax guttatus (Burmeister, 1839) – lesser green emperor
* Anax immaculifrons Rambur, 1842 – magnificent emperor
* Anax imperator Leach, 1815 – emperor dragonfly, blue emperor
* Anax indicus Lieftinck, 1942 – elephant emperor
* Anax junius (Drury, 1773) – common green darner
* Anax longipes Hagen, 1861 – comet darner
* Anax maclachlani Förster, 1898
* Anax mandrakae Gauthier, 1988
* Anax nigrofasciatus Oguma, 1915 – blue-spotted emperor
* Anax panybeus Hagen, 1867
* Anax papuensis Burmeister, 1839 – Australian emperor
* Anax parthenope (Selys, 1839) – lesser emperor
* Anax piraticus Kennedy, 1934
* Anax pugnax Lieftinck, 1942
* Anax selysi Förster, 1900
* Anax speratus Hagen, 1867 – orange emperor
* Anax strenuus Hagen, 1867 – giant Hawaiian darner, pinao
* Anax tristis Hagen, 1867 – black emperor, magnificent emperor
* Anax tumorifer McLachlan, 1885
* Anax walsinghami McLachlan, 1882 – giant darner

## Taxonomic history

The genus Anax was described by William Elford Leach in 1815 when he published the first bibliography of entomology in Brewster's Edinburgh Encyclopedia.
# Siddhanth

Dr. Anand Gollahalli Shivaprasad, also known as Dr. G. S. Anand (born 19 October 1973), better known by stage name Siddhanth, is an Indian actor appears in Kannada cinema. He is a medical doctor by profession.

## Early life and education

Siddhanth was born to Gangambika and Dr G. Shivaprasad as a second child, he was named Anand G. S., brought up in a village called Gollahalli (now renamed as Siddhartha Nagar) in Tumkur. His Primary & Secondary education, was at Sarvodaya School in Tumkur, followed by P. U. College from Sarvodaya P. U. College and then went on to study M.B.B.S. in JJM Medical College, Davangere, Later, he obtained an M.H.A. Degree from the University of Leeds in the United Kingdom.

## Career
### Administrative career

After his studies, he came back to India, to look after Sri Siddartha Dental College as Administrative Officer. Later, he became a member to Sri Siddhartha Education Society, which was run by his family.

### Film career

He started acting from 2008 as the main lead in Minchu.
Siddhanth’s Shankaracharya film with Duniya Vijay was stopped in the controversial started by Akhila Karnataka Brahmana Maha Sabha and Sringeri Mutt objections to the title by filing the complaint before Karnataka Film Chamber of Commerce.

## Personal life

Siddhanth married his childhood friend Malini and has a son named Rishon. Siddhanth is the nephew to Dr G. Parameshwara.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role |
| 2009 | Minchu | Ganesh |
| 2012 | AK 56 | Ajay |
| 2013 | Chatrapathi | Chatrapati Shivaji |
| 2017 | Chakravarthy | InterCop |
# Henry C. Snodgrass

Henry Clay Snodgrass (March 29, 1848 – April 22, 1931) was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives for the 3rd congressional district of Tennessee.

## Biography

Snodgrass was born on March 29, 1848, near Sparta, Tennessee, in White County. He attended Sparta Academy, studied law at Cumberland University in Lebanon, Tennessee, and was admitted to the bar in 1870. He commenced practice in Sparta, Tennessee and engaged in agricultural pursuits.

## Career

During the Civil War, Snodgrass served as a private in the Confederate Army. From 1878 to 1884, he was the attorney general of the fifth judicial circuit.
Snodgrass was elected as a Democrat to the 52nd and 53rd Congresses. He served from March 4, 1891, to March 3, 1895, but he was not a successful candidate for re-election to the 54th Congress. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1896. He resumed the practice of his profession in Sparta, Tennessee in White County.
Snodgrass moved to Gould, Oklahoma, and engaged in agricultural pursuits.

## Death

Snodgrass died on April 22, 1931 (age 83 years, 24 days) in Altus, Oklahoma. He is interred at Altus Cemetery. He was the uncle of fellow Tennessee congressman Charles Edward Snodgrass.
# Daravay Diyu

Daravay Diyu (Persian: درواي ديو, also Romanized as Daravāy Dīyū; also known as Darāvandī) is a village in Seyfabad Rural District, in the Central District of Khonj County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 136, in 28 families.
# Die Dresdner Philharmoniker

Die Dresdner Philharmoniker is an East German documentary film. It follows the Dresden Philharmonic and its artistic manager Heinz Bongartz on a tour to Czechoslovakia, France, Hungary and Romania. It was directed by Joachim Kunert and released in 1955.
# Pan-Christianity

In the Middle Ages, efforts were made in order to establish a single Christian state of Pan-Christianity by uniting the countries within Christendom. Christian nationalism may have played a role in this era in which Christians felt the impulse to recover lands in which Christianity flourished. After the rise of Islam, certain parts of North Africa, East Asia, Southern Europe, Central Asia, and the Middle East lost Christian control. In response, Christians across national borders mobilized militarily and a "wave of Christian reconquest achieved the recovery of Spain, Portugal, and southern Italy, but was unable to recover North Africa nor—from a Christian point of view, most painful of all—the Holy Land of Christendom."
# Md Azizul Islam

Md Azizul Islam (born 15 April 1995) is an Awami League politician and a former Jatiya Sangsad member representing the Jessore-6 constituency.

## Early and educational life

Islam was born on 15 April 1995 in Jessore Keshabpur Upazila. His father, Khandaker Rafiquzzaman, was a government officer (d. 2016). He has 3 brothers. He studied in the Hifz Department of Ashraful Uloom Madrasa as a teenager.

## Career

Islam was elected to Parliament in January 2024 as an independent candidate, beating incumbent Md Shaheen Chaklader who was the candidate of the Awami League.
# Dimitrios Kougevetopoulos

Dimitrios Kougevetopoulos (21 May 1948 – 11 May 2019) was a Greek water polo player. He competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1972 Summer Olympics. He played for Ethnikos Piraeus with whom he won multiple Greek championships from the 60s till the 80s .
# Charles P. Snyder (politician)

Charles Philip Snyder (June 9, 1847 – August 21, 1915) was an American lawyer, judge and Democratic politician from West Virginia, who represented West Virginia's 3rd congressional district during the 48th, 49th, and 50th United States Congresses.

## Early and family life

He was born on June 9, 1847, in Charleston in Kanawha County, which was then in Virginia.

## Career

After studying law, he was admitted to the bar and opened a practice. He became prosecuting attorney of Kanawha County and served from 1876 to 1884. He was elected in 1882 to the Forty-eighth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of John E. Kenna. He won re-election to the Forty-ninth and Fiftieth Congresses and served from May 15, 1883, to March 3, 1889. He served as a judge on the criminal court of Kanawha County from 1890 to 1896, and as United States consul to Ciudad Porfirio Diaz (now Piedras Negras), Mexico, from 1897 to 1901.

## Death and legacy

He died in Vineland, Cumberland County, New Jersey on August 21, 1915, and was buried in Spring Hill Cemetery in Charleston, West Virginia. His son and namesake was United States Navy Admiral Charles P. Snyder. His great-great-granddaughter is actress Elizabeth McGovern.
# Dareh, Fars

Dareh (Persian: دره, also Romanized as Darreh and Derreh) is a village in Siyakh Darengun Rural District, in the Central District of Shiraz County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 424, in 89 families.
# Campiña de Jerez

Campiña de Jerez (the Jerez countryside) is a comarca (county, but with no administrative role) in the province of Cádiz, southern Spain.
The present-day comarca was established in 2003 by the Government of Andalusia.

## Municipalities

The Campiña de Jerez comarca consists of the municipalities of Jerez de la Frontera and San José del Valle.
| Municipality | Area (km$^2$) | Population (2023) | Density (/km$^2$) |
| Jerez de la Frontera | 1,188.23 | 213,231 | 179.45 |
| San José del Valle | 224.01 | 4,486 | 20.03 |
| Total | 1,412.24 | 217,717 | 199.48 |

## Economy

Together with the comarcas Bahía de Cádiz and Costa Noroeste, Campiña de Jerez form the Sherry Triangle, a region of sherry wine production. It is an important economic asset for the region, with a long tradition of British-Spanish winemaking families who export it to the United Kingdom and other european countries.

## Gallery

* View of countryside from Jerez de la Frontera
* San José del Valle vista
* Vineyards
* Wind turbines
# Owen Pelt

Owen D. Pelt (April 23, 1916 - ?) was a pastor and state legislator in Illinois. He served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1967-1969. He was born in Jackson, Mississippi. He was a Democrat.
He was the pastor of Shiloh Baptist Church in Chicago. He co-authored The story of the National Baptists (1960).
# Peilstein im Mühlviertel

Peilstein im Mühlviertel is a municipality in the district of Rohrbach in the Austrian state of Upper Austria.