OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Robert Carver (painter)

Robert Carver (c. 1730–1791) was an Irish painter, who worked as a painter of theatre scenery as well as painting framed works. Carver was one of the leading landscape painters in the second half of eighteenth century Ireland.

## Life

Robert Carver was born in Dublin circa 1730. His father was Richard Carver (died 1754), who was a landscape and history painter born in Waterford. Carver was initially trained by his father, and later studied under Robert West at West's school on George's Lane, Dublin. During his early career, Carver's address was at Lazar's Hill, Dublin.
Carver was married to Anne Jolly. Their only known child was a son, John Carver, who died in 1766. Carver suffered from gout for a number of years. Carver died of pneumonia on 14 November 1791 at his home at 13 Bow Street, Covent Garden. He is buried at the churchyard of St Paul's, Covent Garden.

## Career

He began exhibiting watercolours in Dublin, which were well received. In a Cork theatre, Carver painted scenery and in 1754, he succeeded John Lewis as scenery painter at Smock Alley Theatre, where he painted a wide array of scenery. He would later be employed by the revived rival theatre in Crow Street where he painted for Spranger Barry among others. His sets for the 1766 King Arthur was reported: "the sudden Changes of the beautiful Variety of Scenery, seemed to surprise and alarm the Audience, as the effect of real Magic". Carver worked with Thomas Sheridan in converting a barn into a theatre for a staging of Jack the giant-queller at Longfield, most likely in County Londonderry. Carver exhibited 20 landscapes with the Society of Artists, Dublin between 1765 and 1768.
Carver moved to London around 1769 and was hired by David Garrick as the head scene painter at Drury Lane, possibly at the recommendation of Barry. Here his work was highly regarded and received much praise. His relocation to London was financed by a benefit night at Crow Street theatre. For unknown reasons, Barry was dismissed from the theatre, and in 1775 Carver followed Barry to Covent Garden Theatre. There he worked with John Inigo Richards and trained Henry Hodgins. He worked there for the rest of his life. Two of his most notable sets at Covent Garden were Touchstone in 1779 and The siege of Gibraltar in 1780. He also worked at Brighton Theatre in 1777.
Between 1765 and 1768 Carver sent twenty paintings to the Free Society's exhibitions in London. He became a member there in 1773 and President of the society in 1777. Carver exhibited with the Royal Academy in 1789 and 1790. At the time of his death, Carver was completing a series of paintings for his patron Lord Altamont in Westport, County Mayo.
# Karl von Hänisch

Karl Heinrich Eduard von Hänisch (25 April 1861 – 27 March 1921), was a Prussian general who served in World War I, his military service spanned 37 years.

## Early life and family

Karl Heinrich Eduard von Hänisch was born on 25 April 1861, in Unruhstadt, to the Prussian General of the Cavalry Carl Eduard von Hänisch [de] (1829–1908) and his wife Laura (née von Hippel; 1834–1918).
Hänisch and his wife Elly (née Schröder), daughter of the mining director Julius Schröder, married on 1 July 1885, and had four children;
* Liselotte (22 August 1888–21 July 1937): married to the Oberst Hans Würtz.
* Hans Erich (26 August 1890–21 January 1915): Leutnant of the Dragoon Regiment No. 23, died from wounds received during the First Battle of the Marne.
* Liddy (3 December 1894–4 November 1931): married to the Oberstleutnant Paul Freiherr von Uckermann.
* Joachim (10 November 1897–12 December 1944): Leutnant, his daughter Dagmar is the grandmother of Luisa Neubauer.
# Oakland Spiders

The Oakland Spiders are a professional ultimate team based in Oakland, California. The Spiders compete in the Ultimate Frisbee Association (UFA) as a member of the West Division. The team was founded as the San Jose Spiders in 2014 when the league expanded to the West Coast, and played under that name until moving to Oakland in 2022. The Spiders won the National Championship in their first season and became the first team in the league's history to win consecutive titles when they defeated the Madison Radicals in the 2015 championship game.

## History

On October 25, 2013, San Jose was announced as one of six expansion cities for the 2014 AUDL season. Under the leadership of owner and general manager Andrew Zill, the Spiders' signed several notable players, most notably Beau Kittredge from the San Francisco Dogfish of Major League Ultimate. The team was very successful in its early years, winning the AUDL championship in its first two seasons.
The team was brought back to playoff contention in the rebranded UFA under Head Coaches Dan Silverstein and Nancy Freitas in 2024. The Spiders have focused considerable resources to create a winning culture on and off the field. The team also performs various volunteering and community service in and around their home town of Oakland as a core culture activity for players and staff. The team has gone through two General Managers since their move to Oakland.
# Postolin, Pomeranian Voivodeship

Postolin is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sztum, within Sztum County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south of Sztum and 62 km (39 mi) south-east of the regional capital Gdańsk.
Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, and in 1772–1945 it belonged to Prussia and Germany. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# 1997 Nobel Prizes

The 1997 Nobel Prizes were awarded by the Nobel Foundation, based in Sweden. Six categories were awarded: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences.
Nobel Week took place from December 6 to 12, including programming such as lectures, dialogues, and discussions. The award ceremony and banquet for the Peace Prize were scheduled in Oslo on December 10, while the award ceremony and banquet for all other categories were scheduled for the same day in Stockholm.

## Prizes
### Physics

Awardee(s) :
| Steven Chu (b. 1948) | American | "for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light." |
| Claude Cohen-Tannoudji (b. 1933) | French | "for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light." |
| William Daniel Phillips (b. 1948) | American | "for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light." |

### Chemistry

Awardee(s) :
| Paul D. Boyer (1918–2018) | American | "for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)" |
| John E. Walker (b. 1941) | British | "for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)" |
| Jens C. Skou (1918–2018) | Danish | "for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na$^+$, K$^+$ -ATPase" |

### Physiology or Medicine

Awardee(s) :
| Stanley B. Prusiner (b. 1942) | United States | "for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection" |

### Literature

| Awardee(s) | Awardee(s) | Awardee(s) | Awardee(s) |
| | Dario Fo (1926–2016) | Italy | "who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden" |

### Peace

Awardee(s) :
| International Campaign to Ban Landmines (founded 1992) | Switzerland | "for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines." |
| Jody Williams (born 1950) | United States | "for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines." |

### Economic Sciences

Awardee(s) :
| Robert C. Merton (b. 1944) | United States | "for a new method to determine the value of derivatives" |
| Myron Scholes (b. 1941) | Canada  United States | "for a new method to determine the value of derivatives" |

## Controversies
### Physics

Some in the Russian scientific community disputed Chu, Cohen-Tannoudji, and Phillips' methodologies and claimed that some scientists in Russia had executed their experiments first.

### Physiology or Medicine

Prusiner's discovery of prions initially faced criticisms and denials, provoking a longstanding debate in the scientific community regarding the existence of prions that wouldn't be resolved, with their full acknowledgement, until years later.

### Literature

Fo's awarding was considered "rather lightweight" by some critics, as he was seen primarily as a performer; he had also been censured by the Roman Catholic Church.
# Carsten Dethlefsen

Carsten Dethlefsen (born 18 January 1969) is a Danish former professional footballer, who played as a defender for Odense BK. He played a single match for the Danish national team, against England in 1994. He was the male Denmark team's first black player.

## Early life

Dethlefsen was born in Hamburg, West Germany to a Liberian father and a German mother. At the age of 1, he was adopted by a Danish couple and raised in Denmark.

## Club career

Dethlefsen signed for Odense BK in 1992 and spent six seasons with the club. He played in OB's famous upset of Real Madrid in the 1994–95 UEFA Cup. After playing for Viborg FF in the 1998–99 season, Dethlefsen was forced into retirement by a serious ankle injury.

## International career

In March 1994, Dethlefsen made his debut for Denmark, the reigning European Champions, in a 1–0 friendly defeat by England at Wembley Stadium. In the pre-match press conference national team coach Richard Møller Nielsen quipped: "He may be dark, but his football future is bright".

## Honours

* Danish Cup: 1993
# William Cuming

William Cuming (1769–1852) was an Irish portrait painter, a president of the Royal Hibernian Academy.

## Life

Cuming was born in 1769 the youngest of the four sons of William Cuming. He became a pupil in the Dublin Society's Schools in 1785, where he won a silver medal in 1790 for figure-drawing. Having completed his training he established himself as a historical and portrait painter in Crow Street, Dublin. In 1793 he was commissioned by the Corporation of Dublin to paint the portrait of Alderman Henry Gore Sankey, a former Lord Mayor.
In 1795 Cuming moved into his brother Hugh's house in Anglesea Street, where he remained until 1808, when he moved to 15 Clare Street. In 1800, he made his first contributions to the exhibitions held by the artists of Dublin in Dame Street. He showed eleven portraits in the exhibition that year, and his work featured at most of the exhibitions until 1813. He was particularly noted for his portraits of female sitters. He was, however, financially secure enough not to need to be a prolific artist, and spent a lot of time travelling around Europe.
In 1811 he was President of the Society of Artists in Dublin, and in 1823 he was chosen to be one of the original members of the newly founded of the Royal Hibernian Academy. He exhibited in the academy from its first exhibition in 1826 until 1831, contributing fifteen pictures in all. In April 1829 he was elected president of the academy, a position he held until October 1832, when he resigned and retired from his painting. In that year he visited his brother Josias, the owner of a sugar-plantation, in the West Indies. On his return he did, however, continue his involvement with the academy, becoming treasurer in 1835. He finally resigned his membership in January 1837, and was made an honorary member. In 1827, he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Honorary Academician.
He died at his home in Lower Abbey Street, Dublin, on 5 April 1852.
Charles C. Ingham was his pupil. According to William Dunbar, writing in 1834, Ingham always spoke of Cuming as "an excellent artist, a liberal man, and a finished gentleman."
# Nord 2800

The Nord 2800 was a 1950s training monoplane designed and built in France by Nord Aviation.

## Development

The Nord 2800 was built in response to a French Air Force requirement for a military trainer to seat three people. It was a basic trainer design of all-metal construction that featured a retractable tail wheel type landing gear. Competitors to the Nord 2800 included the Dassault MD-80 ABC and Morane-Saulnier MS.730. The Nord 2800 had two of the crew sitting side-by-side, with the third crewman sitting behind. Flight tests revealed controllability issues, and despite tail and rudder modifications, the Nord 2800 lost out to the MS.730.

## Specifications (variant specified)

Data from 1000aircraftphotos : Nord 2800, Aviafrance :S.N.C.A.N. Nord 2800
General characteristics
* Crew: 3
* Length: 8.64 m (28 ft 4 in)
* Wingspan: 12 m (39 ft 4 in)
* Height: 3.52 m (11 ft 7 in)
* Powerplant: 1 × Salmson 8As-00 V-8 inverted air-cooled piston engine, 180 kW (240 hp)
* Propellers: 2-bladed variable-pitch propeller
Performance
* Maximum speed: 265 km/h (165 mph, 143 kn)
* Cruise speed: 235 km/h (146 mph, 127 kn)
# Snooker at the 2019 African Games

Snooker at the 2019 African Games was held from 20 to 24 August 2019 in Casablanca, Morocco.
In January 2019, it was announced that snooker would be included as a medal event at the 2019 African Games.
Five countries were scheduled to compete in snooker but competitors from Algeria and Tunisia did not start in their events.

## Participating nations

* Algeria (2)
* Egypt (4)
* Morocco (4)
* Sudan (1)
* Tunisia (2)

## Medal table

* Host nation (Morocco)
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Morocco (MAR)* | 3 | 1 | 2 | 6 |
| 2 | Egypt (EGY) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| Totals (2 entries) | Totals (2 entries) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 9 |

## Medal summary

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men | Amine Amiri Morocco | Abdelhamid Abdelrahman Egypt | Yassine Bellamine Morocco |
| Women | Youssra Matine Morocco | Gantan Elaskary Egypt | Hakima Kissai Morocco |
| Mixed doubles | Morocco Yassine Bellamine Hakima Kissai | Morocco Amine Amiri Youssra Matine | Egypt Mohamed Alakrady Yara Sharafeldin |
# Drottningholm Music

The Drottningholm Music (Swedish: Drottningholmsmusiken) is the popular name of the music that was composed by Johan Helmich Roman.

## Origin

It was first performed at Drottningholm Palace at Lovön near Stockholm on 18 August 1744 at the wedding of Crown Prince Adolf Frederick and Princess Louisa Ulrika of Prussia.
The music was composed especially for the royal wedding, and consists of 24 movements. The movements are very different from each other; there is music both for ceremonious entries and for dance, for example minuets.
The wedding was celebrated in three days, under which the royal orchestra, directed by Roman, is believed to have been strengthened by the orchestra that Adolf Frederick had brought from Germany. The number of musicians was approximately 24.

## Links

* IMSLP
# Potuły, Pomeranian Voivodeship

Potuły is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stężyca, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) east of Stężyca, 15 km (9 mi) south-west of Kartuzy, and 40 km (25 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# 1998 Nobel Prizes

The 1998 Nobel Prizes were awarded by the Nobel Foundation, based in Sweden. Six categories were awarded: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences.
Nobel Week took place from December 6 to 12, including programming such as lectures, dialogues, and discussions. The award ceremony and banquet for the Peace Prize were scheduled in Oslo on December 10, while the award ceremony and banquet for all other categories were scheduled for the same day in Stockholm.

## Prizes
### Physics

Awardee(s) :
| Robert B. Laughlin (b. 1950) | American | "for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations" |
| Horst Ludwig Störmer (b. 1949) | German | "for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations" |
| Daniel C. Tsui (b. 1939) | American | "for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations" |

### Chemistry

Awardee(s) :
| Walter Kohn (1923–2016) | Austrian American | "for his development of the density-functional theory" |
| John A. Pople (1925–2004) | British | "for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry" |

### Physiology or Medicine

Awardee(s) :
| Robert F. Furchgott (1916–2009) | United States | "for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system" |
| Louis J. Ignarro (b. 1941) | United States | "for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system" |
| Ferid Murad (1936–2023) | United States | "for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system" |

### Literature

| Awardee(s) | Awardee(s) | Awardee(s) | Awardee(s) |
| | José Saramago (1922–2010) | Portugal | "who with parables sustained by imagination, compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality" |

### Peace

Awardee(s) :
| John Hume (1937–2020) | Ireland | "for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland." |
| David Trimble (1944–2022) | United Kingdom | "for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland." |

### Economic Sciences

Awardee(s) :
| Amartya Sen (b. 1933) | India | "for his contributions to welfare economics" |

## Controversies
### Physiology or Medicine

The award provoked some outcry from the scientific community for not acknowledging Salvador Moncada, a scientist who significantly contributed to the awarded discoveries with Furchgott.
# Carsten Lömker

Carsten Lömker (born 3 September 1964 in Dortmund) is a West German sprint canoer who competed in the late 1980s. He won a bronze medal in the K-4 10000 m event at the 1987 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Duisburg.
Lömker also finished fourth in the K-2 1000 m event at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul.
Carsten moved to Australia’s Gold Coast, in the early 90’s and coached elite kayakers, such as Nicholas Crilly, at the Australian Institute of Sport facility, at Pizzey Park.
# Jacob Ennis

Jacob Ennis (1728-1770) was an Irish historical and portrait painter. He studied at Dublin under Robert West, and afterwards in Italy. He subsequently became a master in the Dublin Art School.

## Life

Jacob Ennis was baptised at St Peter's church, Dublin on 29 February 1728. His parents were James and Margaret Ennis. He attended the Dublin Society school of drawing at George's Lane, training under Robert West. He received premiums in 1747, 1748, and 1750 while a student.
He died, through a fall from his horse, in the county of Wicklow, in 1770.

## Career

Under the patronage of Arthur Jones Nevill, Ennis travelled to Italy to study, arriving in Rome in late January 1954. While there he shared lodgings with James Forrester and Robert Crone. He studied at Accademia del Nudo in 1755 under Anton Raphael Mengs and Pompeo Batoni, and later visited Florence. At Accademia di San Luca he won 7th prize for painting at the triennial competition in November 1754. In 1755 and 1756, he won 3rd prize in the Concorso Nudo. These drawings are now held in the archive of the Accademia Nazionale di San Luca in Rome. While in Italy, Ennis drew from life and from antique statuary. Ennis visited Gibraltar on his way home to Ireland, and he painted some portraits there.
Having returned to Dublin, Ennis began painting historical subjects and portraits. At the home of Arthur Jones Nevill at 14 Rutland Square, Dublin, Ennis painted a set of 4 lunettes on a ceiling, 3 are now held in the collection of the National Gallery of Ireland. He was appointed to succeed Robert West as master of the school of figure drawing, Shaw's Court, Dublin on 10 May 1763. He exhibited annually with the Society of Artists between 1765 and 1770. He was awarded a premium from Dublin Society in June 1768 for "the best original history piece painted in oil colours", and we won again with Henry Tresham in June 1770.
On 9 August 1770, Ennis received his final payment as the master of figure drawing. After his death, Robert West returned to the position of master in October 1770. West died in November 1770, and was succeeded by his son, Francis Robert West.
# Christopher Tompkins

Christopher Tompkins (March 24, 1780 – August 9, 1858) was a United States representative from Kentucky. He was born in Green County, Kentucky where, he completed preparatory studies. He studied law and was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Glasgow, Kentucky.
Tompkins was a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives in 1805. He was elected as an Anti-Jacksonian to the Twenty-second and Twenty-third Congresses (March 4, 1831 – March 3, 1835). After leaving Congress, he was again a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives in 1835 and 1836. In addition, he served as a presidential elector on the Whig ticket in 1837. He resumed the practice of law. He died in Glasgow, Kentucky in 1858 and was buried in the family burying ground at Glasgow, Kentucky.
# Judo at the 2019 African Games

Judo at the 2019 African Games was held on 17 and 18 August 2019 in Rabat, Morocco.
The event served as a qualifier for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.

## Participating nations

* Algeria (18)
* Angola (4)
* Benin (1)
* Botswana (8)
* Burkina Faso (5)
* Cameroon (8)
* Central African Republic (2)
* Chad (8)
* Democratic Republic of the Congo (11)
* Djibouti (3)
* Egypt (15)
* Gabon (7)
* The Gambia (2)
* Ghana (5)
* Ivory Coast (4)
* Kenya (10)
* Libya (2)
* Madagascar (8)
* Malawi (2)
* Mali (4)
* Mauritania (1)
* Mauritius (9)
* Morocco (18)
* Mozambique (3)
* Niger (5)
* Nigeria (4)
* Senegal (9)
* South Africa (5)
* Sudan (3)
* Tanzania (3)
* Togo (2)
* Tunisia (11)
* Zambia (5)
* Zimbabwe (7)

## Medal table

* Host nation (Morocco)
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Egypt (EGY) | 4 | 0 | 4 | 8 |
| 2 | Morocco (MAR)* | 2 | 5 | 4 | 11 |
| 3 | Algeria (ALG) | 2 | 3 | 6 | 11 |
| 4 | Tunisia (TUN) | 2 | 3 | 3 | 8 |
| 5 | Gabon (GAB) | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| 6 | Cameroon (CMR) | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| 7 | Senegal (SEN) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 8 | South Africa (RSA) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 9 | Angola (ANG) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 9 | Mauritius (MRI) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 11 | Chad (CHA) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 11 | Democratic Republic of the Congo (COD) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 11 | Djibouti (DJI) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (13 entries) | Totals (13 entries) | 14 | 14 | 28 | 56 |

## Medal summary
### Men

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| −60 kg | Issam Bassou Morocco | Fraj Dhouibi Tunisia | Younes Saddiki MoroccoSalim Rebahi Algeria |
| −66 kg | Wail Ezzine Algeria | Abderrahmane Boushita Morocco | Boubekeur Rebahi AlgeriaMohamed Abdelmawgoud Egypt |
| −73 kg | Ali Abdelmouati Egypt | Ahmed El Meziati Morocco | Acácio Quifucussa AngolaAden-Alexandre Houssein Djibouti |
| −81 kg | Abdelrahman Mohamed Egypt | Hamza Kabdani Morocco | Imad Eddine Cherouk AlgeriaAbdalla Osman Egypt |
| −90 kg | Ali Hazem Egypt | Oussama Mohamed Snoussi Tunisia | Dieudonne Dolassem CameroonRémi Feuillet Mauritius |
| −100 kg | Ramadan Darwish Egypt | Mohammed Lahboub Morocco | Luc Manongho GabonPrince Kosi Samuzu Democratic Republic of the Congo |
| +100 kg | Mbagnick Ndiaye Senegal | Mohamed Sofiane Belrekaa Algeria | Faïcel Jaballah TunisiaSébastien Perrine Mauritius |

### Women

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| −48 kg | Chaimae Eddinari Morocco | Geronay Whitebooi South Africa | Hadjer Mecerem AlgeriaAziza Chakir Morocco |
| −52 kg | Faïza Aissahine Algeria | Soumiya Iraoui Morocco | Lamia Eddinari MoroccoMeriem Moussa Algeria |
| −57 kg | Ghofran Khelifi Tunisia | Yamina Halata Algeria | Diassonema Mucungui AngolaLamiaa Alzenan Egypt |
| −63 kg | Hélène Wezeu Dombeu Cameroon | Amina Belkadi Algeria | Sofia Belattar MoroccoMeriem Bjaoui Tunisia |
| −70 kg | Karene Agono Gabon | Nihel Landolsi Tunisia | Ayuk Otay Arrey Sophina CameroonDemos Memneloum Chad |
| −78 kg | Sarah Myriam Mazouz Gabon | Unelle Snyman South Africa | Sarra Mzougui TunisiaKaouthar Ouallal Algeria |
| +78 kg | Nihel Cheikh Rouhou Tunisia | Hortence Vanessa Mballa Atangana Cameroon | Monica Sagna SenegalKariman Shafik Egypt |