OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Maddale

The Maddale (Kannada: ಮದ್ದಲೆ), also known as Mrudanga (ಮೃದಂಗ) in North Canara, is a percussion instrument from Karnataka, India. It serves as the primary rhythmic accompaniment in a Yakshagana ensemble, along with Chande. The maddale produces a perfectly hormonic tonic (shruti swara) when struck anywhere on its surface. This is in contrast to other instruments such as the Mrudangam, Pakawaj, or Tabla, which cannot produce the tonic (shruti) on all parts of their surfaces. Its drum head is similar to that of the tabla and its body is similar to that of the pakhavaj.
The traditional Maddale was 30 cm long and had an 8-inch drum head on the right side that produced a louder sound. Nowadays, a 6-6.5 inch wide right side Maddale is typically used, while a few using a 7-inch wide one. The left bass side is about one inch bigger than the right. The Maddale is available in more than three variants. The Maddale used in Yakshagana looks similar to the mridangam, but differs significantly in structure, acoustics, playing techniques, and rhythm system (Yakshagana Tala).
Its body is constructed from jackfruit tree wood among other woods such as kakke, baine, and hunaalu.

## History

The Maddale belongs to the mridangam family and shares a similar history. Over time, the Maddale evolved to be made of different kinds of wood for higher octaves.
It evolved with the development of Yakshagana and Yakshaganic fingering and hand techniques. The use of palm produces a sound that is somewhat a mixture of pakhawaj and mridangam.

## Construction

The maddale is a double-sided drum whose body is usually made using a hollowed piece of jackfruit wood about .5 cm thick (thinner than mrudangam). This body is called goodu (or housing). The two open ends of the drum are covered with goat skin leather and laced to each other with leather straps around the circumference of the drum. These straps are stretched to tightly hold the drum heads, allowing them to resonate when struck. The drum head on the left is slightly larger (bass side) (.9 inches). One side produces bass, the other treble. The drum head is known as muchchige.
The bass drum head is known as the eda muchchige and the other head is known as the bala muchchige. The higher drum head is similar to tabla drum head but creates a major tonal difference. The maddale produces tonic when playing on the rim and on ink. The higher drum head has a circular disk in the centre called karne (the ink) causing it to produce harmonic tones. The base drum is smeared with a tuning paste made from ash and rice called bona, before performances to dampen the tone and to produce bass sound.

## Methods of use

Maddale is tuned to the tonic of the Yakshagana singer before the performance (lower shadja). A wooden peg is sometimes used to tighten the straps. The two major strokes are gumpu and chapu. Chapu involves playing on the rim and is used for tuning. Gumpu involves playing on the ink to produce a more resonating sound. The Kapala stroke is a cross finger stroke above the ink. It is a unique stroke that produces a hormonic mix of gumpu and chapu (Kapala is more musical than chapu of mrudangam).
# Toppatakkeja ja Toledon terästä

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
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| Allmusic | |
Toppatakkeja ja Toledon terästä (1994) is a concept album by the Finnish rock group YUP. It is considered as one of the band's more progressive efforts, combining many genres of music.

## Track listing

All songs written by Tynkkynen & Martikainen, with lyrics by Martikainen.
* "Tyttö jota rakastan" – 3:18 "The Girl I Love"
* "Minä olen myyrä" – 4:45 "I Am A Mole"
* "Huonot uutiset" – 3:04 "The Bad News"
* "Älä astu kauppiaan päälle" – 5:30 "Don't Step On The Merchant"
* "Pää puhuu" – 2:52 "The Head Speaks"
* "Toppatakkeja ja Toledon terästä" – 5:16 "Guilted Jackets and Steel Of Toledo"
* "Mitä elämän jälkeen?" – 4:39 "What's After Life?"
* "Soljan käsittely" – 4:03 "Handling of Solja"
* "Kuonamagneetti" – 3:39 "Drossmagnet"
* "Taivaiden maisterit" – 7:15 "Masters of the Heavens"

## Personnel
### Musicians

* Jussi Hyyrynen - guitars, vocals
* Tommi Kärkkäinen - keyboards, percussions, vocals
* Janne Mannonen - drums, vocals
* Jarkko Martikainen - vocals, guitars, illustrations
* Valtteri Tynkkynen - bass guitar, vocals
* Granito Choir, P. Tynkkynen - vocals (6)
* V. Hyrskykari - saxophone (9)
* H. Kärkkäinen - vocals (3)
* A. Toikka - additional percussions (1, 6)
* T. Wilska - accommodations, vocals (8)

### Production

* J. Viitanen - producer, engineer, mixing, mastering
* M. Jussila - mastering
# Kensington Oval, Dunedin

The Kensington Oval, formerly known as the South Dunedin Recreation Ground, is a park and sports ground in Kensington, Dunedin, New Zealand. It is also known as just The Oval, although this name has become less common in recent years due to the potential confusion with the University Oval in the north of the city.

## Geography

The Kensington Oval is officially regarded as the southern end of the city's Town Belt. The park, which is actually roughly triangular in shape, covers 9.25 hectares (22.9 acres). It is bounded by Princes Street, the northern end of Anderson's Bay Road, and the Dunedin Southern Motorway. Its name dates from 22 March 1864, when it was decided to enclose the main cricket pitch within a formal oval. From that time the former name rapidly fell out of use, and has been rarely used since the beginning of the twentieth century.
The city's Boer War memorial, which stands at the northern corner of the Oval, was designed by Carlo Bergamini and erected in November 1906.

## History

The first first-class cricket match in New Zealand was held on the ground in February 1864, when Otago played Canterbury. Otago played eight further first-class matches there, the last of which saw them play Canterbury in February 1878. The condition of the playing surface was generally unsatisfactory, with old tree roots protruding from the ground and the pitch unpredictable and at times dangerous to batsmen. In 1879 the Otago Cricket Association requested that the Dunedin City Council make improvements to the ground. When the Council decided not to make improvements, and refused to restrict access to the ground to cricket only, the Association decided to find another venue to play at. The enclosing bounds of the oval were removed in about 1899.
Although representative matches are no longer played at the Kensington Oval, it is widely used for club, grade, and social cricket, and has two grass and three artificial wickets, as well as a pavilion. It is also used for softball in summer, and for football and rugby union in winter.
In mid-May 2024, Dunedin's growing homeless problem led to the emergence of a tent encampment consisting of 11–22 tents in Kensington Oval.
# José Ruiz Sánchez

José Ruiz Sánchez (born 19 October 1980 in Villafranca de Córdoba) is a Spanish former professional road cyclist. During his early career, he was commonly referred to as "El Tarzan" because he would often bike without shoes.

## Major results
### 2005

    9th Overall Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana

### 2008

    10th Overall Clásica Internacional de Alcobendas

### Grand Tour general classification results timeline

| Grand Tour | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 |
| Giro d'Italia | — | — | — |
| Tour de France | — | — | — |
| Vuelta a España | 56 | 53 | 118 |
# Syse's Cabinet

Syse's Cabinet was a minority centre-right Conservative, Centre, Christian Democrat Government of Norway. It succeeded the Labour Second cabinet Brundtland after the 1989 election, and sat between 16 October 1989 and 3 November 1990. It was replaced by the Labour Third cabinet Brundtland after Centre left the coalition due to disagreement over possible Norwegian membership in the European Economic Area. This disagreement was anticipated as the cabinet operated with a suicide paragraph from the beginning. Syse's cabinet had the following composition:

## Cabinet members

| Portfolio | Minister | Took office | Left office | Party |
| Prime Minister | Jan P. Syse | 16 October 1989 | 3 November 1990 | Conservative |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | Kjell Magne Bondevik | 16 October 1989 | 3 November 1990 | Christian Democratic |
| Minister of Finance and Customs | Arne Skauge | 16 October 1989 | 3 November 1990 | Conservative |
| Minister of Defence | Per Ditlev-Simonsen | 16 October 1989 | 3 November 1990 | Conservative |
| Minister of Justice and the Police | Else Bugge Fougner | 16 October 1989 | 3 November 1990 | Conservative |
| Minister of Transport and Communications | Lars Gunnar Lie | 16 October 1989 | 3 November 1990 | Christian Democratic |
| Minister of Local Government | Johan J. Jakobsen | 16 October 1989 | 3 November 1990 | Centre |
| Minister of Education and Church Affairs | Einar Steensnæs | 16 October 1989 | 3 November 1990 | Christian Democratic |
| Minister of Culture and Research | Eleonore Bjartveit | 16 October 1989 | 3 November 1990 | Christian Democratic |
| Minister of Social Affairs | Wenche Frogn Sellæg | 16 October 1989 | 3 November 1990 | Conservative |
| Minister of Family and Consumer Affairs | Solveig Sollie | 16 October 1989 | 3 November 1990 | Christian Democratic |
| Minister of Agriculture | Anne Petrea Vik | 16 October 1989 | 3 November 1990 | Centre |
| Minister of Industry | Petter Thomassen | 16 October 1989 | 3 November 1990 | Conservative |
| Minister of Trade and Shipping | Kaci Kullmann Five | 16 October 1989 | 3 November 1990 | Conservative |
| Minister of Government Administration and Labour | Kristin Clemet | 16 October 1989 | 3 November 1990 | Conservative |
| Minister of International Development Minister of Nordic Cooperation | Tom Vraalsen | 16 October 1989 | 3 November 1990 | Centre |
| Minister of the Environment | Kristin Hille Valla | 16 October 1989 | 3 November 1990 | Centre |
| Minister of Petroleum and Energy | Eivind Reiten | 16 October 1989 | 3 November 1990 | Centre |
| Minister of Fisheries | Svein Munkejord | 16 October 1989 | 3 November 1990 | Conservative |
# Nation Radio UK

Nation Radio UK is a quasi-national radio station in the UK, broadcasting online and on DAB. It is owned and operated by Nation Broadcasting.
The digital station was launched in June 2016 as Thames Radio with a line-up of former BBC and Capital presenters such as breakfast host Neil Fox, Dean Martin, Tony Blackburn, Alex Lester, Pat Sharp and Neil Francis, with all presenters broadcasting from 'virtual studios' (as Thames Radio had no physical studio premises of its own).
In June 2017, Thames Radio dropped all of its presenters and became a non-stop music station, until changing its name to Nation Radio in June 2018. This was because the company behind Thames Radio had acquired a radio licence from Rock Radio Scotland (which was being unused) and wanted to launch a more 'national' service which would also include a station in Wales in time.
In 2021, DJs broadcasting on Nation Radio UK included Russ Williams and Neil Francis, with Mike Read broadcasting The Heritage Chart every Sunday at 5pm.
In May 2022, broadcaster Greg Burns joined Nation Radio UK. Burns presents the weekday drive programme and weekend breakfast.
As of September 2024, the station broadcasts to a weekly audience of 171,000, according to RAJAR.

## Presenters
### Current presenters

* Tony Dibbin
* Neil Fox
* Russ Williams
* Greg Burns
* Neil Greenslade
* Tony Shepherd

### Past presenters

* Dave Brown
* Paul Newman
* Mike Read
* Adam English
* Neil Francis
* Dean Martin
# Kingri Tehsil

Kingri (Sindhi: ڪنگري) is a Tehsil of Khairpur District in the Sindh province of Pakistan, it is administratively subdivided into 10 Union Councils. The Sindhi-language word kingri is taken from "keenger", meaning clay utensils or clay pots, as in earlier times in the south of current city of Pir Jo Goth there used to live tribes of Kumhar People (Kumbher in Sindhi) who used to make clay pots. Taluka Kingri's headquarters is Pir Jo Goth, According to Nabi Bux Khan Baloch city was founded on 3 October 1883. According to 2017 census, the population of Taluka is about 340,218, with 56,915 households.
Taluka Kingri, Khairpur Mir's Sindh
# Thomas Edwards (MP for Lichfield)

Thomas Edwards (fl. 1554–1555), was an English Member of Parliament (MP).
He was a Member of the Parliament of England for Lichfield in November 1554 and 1555.
# Edwin E. Roberts

Edwin Ewing Roberts (December 12, 1870 – December 11, 1933) was an American attorney and politician from Nevada. He is best known for his service as a United States representative from 1911 to 1919, and mayor of Reno, Nevada from 1923 to 1933.

## Biography

Roberts was born and raised in Pleasant Grove, California. He attended the public schools and graduated from the California State Normal School in 1891. He taught school in Hollister, California, from 1891 to 1897 and Empire, Ormsby County, Nevada from 1897 to 1899.
After studying law while teaching school, Roberts was admitted to the bar in 1899 and commenced practice in Carson City, Nevada. A Republican, he was district attorney of Ormsby County from 1900 to 1910. Beginning in 1912, he was a delegate to every state party convention and almost every national convention until 1932.
In 1910, Roberts was a successful Republican candidate for the U.S. House. He was reelected three times, and served from March 4, 1911, to March 3, 1919. On April 5, 1917, he voted against U.S. entry into World War I against Germany. Roberts did not seek renomination in 1918, but was an unsuccessful candidate for the United States Senate. He lost to Democrat Charles B. Henderson by a vote of 12,197 to 8,053, and relocated to Reno, where he re-established a law practice.
In 1923, Roberts was elected mayor of Reno. He was reelected in 1927 and 1931, and served until his death. Roberts was an unsuccessful candidate for the Republican nomination for U.S. Senator in 1926 and governor of Nevada in 1930.

## Death and burial

He died in Reno on December 11, 1933, one day before his 63rd birthday. Roberts was buried at Odd Fellows Cemetery in Reno.

## Family

Roberts was married twice. His first wife, Nora S. Range died in 1926. In 1929, he married Sadie Tomamichael of Reno. With his first wife, he was the father of children Frederick, Bobbie, and Hazel. With his second wife, he was the stepfather of Wilma and J. J. Tomamichael.
Roberts' daughter Hazel Lee Roberts was the wife of baseball pitcher Walter Johnson. They married in Roberts' Washington home on June 24, 1914, with the chaplain of the United States Senate presiding over the ceremony. Johnson served as a county commissioner in Maryland after his baseball career ended, and made an unsuccessful run for Congress as a Republican in 1940.
# Minoru Sano (chef)

Minoru Sano (佐野 実, Sano Minoru, April 4, 1951 – April 11, 2014) was a Japanese celebrity chef who specialized in ramen. He was called the Oni of Ramen in Japan. He founded the Shinasobaya Company and helped run the Shin-Yokohama Ramen Museum.
Minoru Sano was born in Totsuka-ku in the city of Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. He had numerous appearances in the Japanese media. He had many ramen chef disciples. He died of multiple organ failure after suffering with Diabetes for 3 years prior to his death in hospital, surrounded by family.
# List of party chairs of the Reformed Political Party

This is a list of party chairs of the Dutch political party Reformed Political Party (SGP).

## List

| Name | Start | End |
| Gerrit Hendrik Kersten | 24 April 1918 | 6 March 1946 |
| Pieter Zandt | 7 March 1946 | 4 March 1961 |
| David Kodde | 7 March 1946 | 4 March 1961 |
| Hette Abma | 13 September 1961 | 22 February 1985 |
| D. Slagboom | 23 February 1985 | 30 September 1992 |
| W.Chr. Hovius | 1 October 1992 | 1 October 1993 |
| Dirk Jan Budding | 2 October 1993 | 27 February 2004 |
| Adri van Heteren | 28 February 2004 | 18 March 2011 |
| Maarten van Leeuwen | 19 March 2011 | 11 September 2018 |
| Peter Zevenbergen | 12 September 2018 | 8 November 2019 |
| Maarten van Leeuwen | 9 November 2019 | 15 January 2021 |
| Dick van Meeuwen | 16 January 2021 | |
# Sandra Troop

Sandra Elaine Troop (born 15 March 1966 in Lincoln) is a British canoe sprinter and marathon canoeist who competed in the early 1990s.

## Early life

She attended Lincoln Christ's Hospital School, and Trent Polytechnic.
She competed at the 1987 World Student Games in Zagreb (1987 Summer Universiade). She was a school teacher when at the Olympics in 1992.

## Career

She was eliminated in the semifinals of the K-4 500 m event at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona.
# Chris Nicholson (athlete)

Christopher John Nicholson (born 16 March 1967 in Bexleyheath, England) is a New Zealand sportsman who has represented the country at both the Winter Olympics as a short track speed skater and at the Summer Olympics as a cyclist. He competed at the 1992 Summer Olympic Games in Barcelona, the 1992 Winter Olympic Games in Albertville, and the 1994 Winter Olympic Games in Lillehammer. The only other New Zealander to compete at both the Summer and Winter Olympics is Madonna Harris.
Nicholson was the New Zealand flag bearer at the opening ceremony of the 1992 Winter Olympics, and is a brother of speed skater Andrew Nicholson.
# Spanish ship Fama

Fama was a fifth-rate frigate in service with the Spanish and British Royal Navies.

## History

Fama was laid down as a 34-gun fifth-rate frigate in Cartagena in 1795, and was launched later that year. In 1796 she was assigned to the Spanish Philippines, and so she departed Concepcion, Chile for Manila on 10 October 1796 in the company of the third-rates Europa, Montañes, San Pedro, and the frigate Pilar. In Manila a typhoon severely damaged the squadron, putting it out of action for nearly two years. At the same time, the Anglo-Spanish War broke out between Great Britain and Spain. After repairs were completed, Admiral Ignacio Maria de Álava y Sáenz de Navarrete attempted to use the fleet to disrupt the British trade with China by sailing the squadron into the South China Sea in search of a British convoy. After fighting an inconclusive battle with a British fleet in January 1797, de Navarrete ordered Fama and Europa to Macau in an attempt to intercept British merchantmen in the Pearl River estuary. This operation was likewise a failure, and both ships returned to Manila.
In 1804 Fama and three other Spanish frigates departed Montevideo for Spain laden silver and gold destined for France. Though Britain and Spain were not at war, the Royal Navy intercepted the Spanish force with the intent to stop its valuable cargo from reaching France. In the ensuing Battle of Cape Santa Maria, a force of four British frigates attacked the Spanish frigates. Fama struck her colors in surrender soon after the battle started, but later attempted to flee. She was caught by the faster HMS Medusa and HMS Lively several hours later and forced to surrender a second time.
Following her capture, Fama was inducted into the Royal Navy as HMS Fama. She was sold in 1812.
# Tell Bazmusian

Tell Bazmusian (also Tell Basmusian) is an archaeological site on the right bank of the Little Zab in the Ranya Plain (Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq). The site was excavated between 1956 and 1958, with the first season directed by Abu al-Soof and the remaining two seasons by A. al-Tikriti, as part of a salvage operation to document cultural remains that would be flooded by Lake Dukan, the reservoir created by the Dukan Dam which was being built at that time. The final two seasons remain unpublished. Apart from Tell Bazmusian, four other sites were excavated during this operation: ed-Dem, Kamarian, Qarashina and Tell Shemshara. Bazmusian is a tell, or settlement mound, with a circumference of 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) and a height of 23 metres (75 ft). Together with Tell Shemshara, it is one of the largest archaeological sites in the Ranya Plain. When the excavations started, the southeast flank of the mound was occupied by a village that was only established at the beginning of the 20th century. The site is now submerged under Lake Dukan.
The excavations have revealed 16 occupation layers, ranging from the Samarra culture (sixth millennium BCE) up to the ninth century CE. The finds of level I consisted of a fragmented pebble foundations, ninth-century CE pottery and mudbricks. Level II also contained Islamic material. Level III, to be dated to the late second millennium BCE, contained a single-room temple with thick mudbrick walls. Pottery dated to the mid- to late-second millennium BCE. In a pit outside of this temple, several clay tablet fragments were found. Although they were too damaged to be read, based on stylistic details they could be dated to the Middle Assyrian period. An earlier version of this temple was uncovered in level IV. In level V, plastered mudbrick walls were found. Levels VI–XVI contained material dating to the third millennium BCE, the Uruk period and of the Samarra and Halaf cultures but this has not yet been published.
# Cyganek

Cyganek (formerly German: Tiegenhagen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowy Dwór Gdański, within Nowy Dwór Gdański County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Nowy Dwór Gdański and 33 km (21 mi) south-east of the regional capital Gdańsk.
# Dowse Lagoon

Dowse Lagoon is a park and lake located in Sandgate, a suburb of the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

## History

Before 1975, it was largely known as the "Second Lagoon", a reference to the presence of another lagoon in Sandgate.
The lagoon was named in 1975, after Thomas Dowse, a merchant and early settler of Brisbane.
It was identified as a Ramsar site in 1993.
Dowse Lagoon was badly damaged by the 2000s Australian drought, which led to calls for its revitalisation.
# Dehban

Dehban (Persian: دهبان, also Romanized as Dehbān) is a village in chahvarz District, in the Central District of Lamerd County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 387, in 90 families.