OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Charles Vernon Culver

Charles Vernon Culver (September 6, 1830 – January 10, 1909) was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.

## Early life

Culver was born in Logan, Ohio. He received a liberal preparatory schooling and attended the Ohio Wesleyan University in Delaware, Ohio. He moved to Pennsylvania and settled in Reno, Pennsylvania, and engaged in mercantile pursuits. He also became interested in the development of oil in Venango County, Pennsylvania, and the establishment of national banks in thirteen cities throughout the East.
He was elected as a Republican to the Thirty-ninth Congress. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1866. While a member of Congress, he became bankrupt and was imprisoned in 1866 but was eventually acquitted after a long trial. He resumed operations in the oil business, with headquarters in Franklin, Pennsylvania. He died while on a business trip in Philadelphia in 1909. He was interred in Franklin Cemetery in Franklin, Pennsylvania.

## Culver and the Great Bank Scandal

Culver had made a small profit in Logan, Ohio, by investing some bank money in oil. He took that money and began buying up banks throughout the oil region. He bought land two miles below Oil City, Pennsylvania, where he established the town of Reno and The Reno Oil and Land Company and starting selling stock in what appears to have been a basic pyramid scheme.
Culver also attempted to establish the Reno-Pithole railroad, to run between Reno and Pithole, Pennsylvania, the leading oil boom town at the time. Culver was not one for half measures—to run the railroad he hired Ambrose Burnside, and to hook investors, he brought deep-pocketed men of wealth from all over the country to tour his as-yet-non-existent oil fields.
Ultimately Culver's plan collapsed and he was pursued by creditors and courts up and down the oil region. The collapse of his banks triggered a financial panic throughout the oil region that drove many oilmen out of the business and created chaos that set the stage for men like John D. Rockefeller to move in.
A more complete and colorful account of Culver's career can be found in the book The Great Oildorado by Hildegarde Dolson.
# Barbara Jordan (tennis)

Barbara Jordan (born April 2, 1957) is an American former professional tennis player who won the 1979 Australian Open singles title.
Jordan also won the mixed doubles title at the 1983 French Open with Eliot Teltscher. Jordan was a three-time All-American at Stanford University, where she obtained her degree in economics in three years. She won the 1978 AIAW College National doubles with sister Kathy Jordan in 1978. Jordan made her first appearance on the (WTA) computer in August 1977 at No. 95. She was a five-time member of WTA board of directors as well as served as chairman of the tournament committee in 1980. Jordan also won the USTA under 21-National Championship in 1978 in singles and doubles. She went on to earn her Juris Doctor from UCLA.

## Grand Slam tournament finals
### Singles (1 title)

| Result | Year | Championship | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| Win | 1979 | Australian Open | Grass | Sharon Walsh | 6–3, 6–3 |

### Mixed doubles (1 title)

| Result | Year | Championship | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Win | 1983 | French Open | Clay | Eliot Teltscher | Leslie Allen Charles Strode | 6–2, 6–3 |

## Grand Slam tournament performance timeline

Key :
| W | F | SF | QF | #R | RR | Q# | DNQ | A | NH |

### Singles

| Tournament | 1977 | 1977 | 1978 | 1979 | 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | SR |
| Australian Open | A | A | A | W | A | A | Q1 | 1R | A | A | A | 1 / 2 |
| French Open | A | A | A | 1R | 1R | 2R | 1R | 1R | 1R | A | A | 0 / 6 |
| Wimbledon | A | A | 3R | 2R | 3R | A | 2R | 3R | A | 1R | A | 0 / 6 |
| US Open | 3R | 3R | 1R | 3R | 2R | 2R | 1R | 1R | Q3 | 1R | Q1 | 0 / 8 |
| Strike rate | 0 / 1 | 0 / 1 | 0 / 2 | 1 / 4 | 0 / 3 | 0 / 2 | 0 / 3 | 0 / 4 | 0 / 1 | 0 / 2 | 0 / 0 | 1 / 22 |
Note: The Australian Open was held twice in 1977, in January and December.

## Honors

Jordan has been inducted in the ITA Women's Hall of Fame, the USTA Hall of Fame, the Stanford Hall of Fame and others
# John McQueen

John McQueen (February 9, 1804 – August 30, 1867) was an American lawyer and politician. He was U.S. Representative from South Carolina and a member of the Confederate States Congress during the American Civil War.

## Early life and education

Born in Queensdale in Robeson County, North Carolina, near the town of Maxton, North Carolina, McQueen completed preparatory studies under private tutors and was graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He subsequently studied law. He was admitted to the bar in 1828 and commenced practice in Bennettsville, South Carolina. McQueen served in the State militia in 1833–37. He was an unsuccessful candidate for election in 1844 to the 29th United States Congress.

## Career

McQueen was elected as a Democrat to the 30th and 31st Congresses to fill the vacancies caused by the death of Alexander D. Sims. He was reelected to the 32nd and to the four succeeding Congresses, and served from February 12, 1849, until his retirement on December 21, 1860.

### American Civil War

An ardent supporter of slavery and southern states' rights, McQueen was elected as a representative from South Carolina in the First Confederate Congress after the outbreak of the American Civil War. Regarding the Confederacy's cause for starting the war, McQueen stated in a December 1860 letter to civic leaders in Richmond, Virginia:
   I have never doubted what Virginia would do when the alternatives present themselves to her intelligent and gallant people, to choose between an association with her sisters and the dominion of a people, who have chosen their leader upon the single idea that the African is equal to the Anglo-Saxon, and with the purpose of placing our slaves on equality with ourselves and our friends of every condition! and if we of South Carolina have aided in your deliverance from tyranny and degradation, as you suppose, it will only the more assure us that we have performed our duty to ourselves and our sisters in taking the first decided step to preserve an inheritance left us by an ancestry whose spirit would forbid its being tarnished by assassins. We, of South Carolina, hope soon to greet you in a Southern Confederacy, where white men shall rule our destinies, and from which we may transmit to our posterity the rights, privileges and honor left us by our ancestors.

## Later life and death

He died at Society Hill, South Carolina, on August 30, 1867, and was interred in the Episcopal Cemetery in Society Hill, South Carolina.

## Personal life

He married Sarah Elizabeth Pickens (September 29, 1831 – September 22, 1909 at Asheville, North Carolina), granddaughter of American Revolutionary War General Andrew Pickens on December 31, 1851 in Cahaba, Alabama.
# Saifuddin Soz

Professor Saifuddin Soz (born 23 November 1937) is an Indian professor and seven term member of the Parliament of India. Soz hails from the Indian Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
He had been India's Minister of Water Resources in India's 14th Lok Sabha and Minister of Environment and Forests in the 1990s. In January 2006, he was nominated to the Congress Working Committee, the executive committee of the Indian National Congress.

## Early life

Soz was born in Sopore, a township in the northern Kashmir Valley. He worked his way to completing a master's degree in economics from the University of Kashmir, where he later held the position of registrar.
From there, Soz moved to the Jammu and Kashmir State Board of School Education (BOSE), a government department responsible for administration of schools. Soz sought voluntary retirement from government service to enter politics in 1983. At that time, he was Secretary of the BOSE.

## Career

In 1983, Lok Sabha election, Soz contested and won the Baramulla seat as a candidate of the ruling Jammu and Kashmir National Conference party.
At the time, the Jammu and Kashmir National Conference was headed by Farooq Abdullah. Soz went on to win three more Lok Sabha elections as a member of the Jammu and Kashmir National Conference. He also represented the Jammu and Kashmir National Conference and the state of Jammu and Kashmir in the Rajya Sabha in the mid-'90s.
In 1997-98, he became India's Minister of Environment and Forests in the cabinet of Prime Minister Inder Kumar Gujral. Before that in 1996-97, Soz served in the same capacity under Prime Minister H.D. Deve Gowda.
In 1999, Soz was expelled from the Jammu and Kashmir National Conference party for voting against the government of Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee. Soz was a Jammu and Kashmir National Conference member of parliament and defied his party's leadership. His sole vote toppled the National Democratic Alliance, which led the then Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee to tender his resignation to then President of India K. R. Narayanan.
In 2003, Soz joined the Indian National Congress and was elected to the Rajya Sabha. In January 2006, he was inducted into the ministry of Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh as Minister of Water Resources, a position he held until early 2009. Soz was appointed President of the Jammu and Kashmir Pradesh (state) Congress Committee in February 2008.
Soz was one of the front runners for the post of Vice-President of India in the 2007 Vice-Presidential election.

## WikiLeaks

A United States diplomatic cable leaked by the whistle blowing website WikiLeaks, claimed that Soz was facilitating a discreet dialogue between Indian government, and Kashmiri separatist leaders before 2006. The cable sent by then US Ambassador to India, David Mulford, to State Department in the United States, describes Soz as a long standing ‘contact’ of the (US) Embassy’s political section.
# Jean-Marc Chanelet

Jean-Marc Chanelet (born 23 July 1968) is a French former professional footballer who played as a defender.

## Honours

Nantes
* Coupe de France: 1998–99, 1999–2000
* Trophée des Champions: 1999
Lyon
* Ligue 1: 2001–02, 2002–03
* Coupe de la Ligue: 2000-01
* Trophée des Champions: 2002
# Fitzgerald

Fitzgerald may refer to:

## People

* Fitzgerald (surname), a surname
* Fitzgerald Toussaint (born 1990), former American football running back

## Place
### Australia

* Fitzgerald River National Park, a national park in Western Australia
* Fitzgerald, Western Australia, a locality in the Shire of Ravensthorpe
* Fitzgerald Bay, a bay located between Point Lowly and Backy Point in South Australia

### United States

* Fitzgerald, Georgia
* Fitzgerald, Wisconsin, a town in Winnebago County, Wisconsin
* Fitzgerald Marine Reserve, on the Pacific coast of Moss Beach, California
* Fitzgerald's, a live-music venue in Houston, Texas
* Fitzgerald Theater, a theatre in Saint Paul, Minnesota

## Other

* USS Fitzgerald, Arleigh Burke-class destroyer in the US Navy
* Fitzgerald Stadium, GAA stadium in Killarney, Ireland
# Celtis ehrenbergiana

Celtis ehrenbergiana, called the desert hackberry or spiny hackberry, is a plant species that has long been called C. pallida by many authors, including in the "Flora of North America" database. It is native to Arizona, Florida, New Mexico and Texas, and to Latin America as far south as central Argentina. It grows in dry locations such as deserts, brushlands, canyons, mesas and grasslands.
Celtis ehrenbergiana is the only US species of the genus with thorns. In the US, it is a shrub or small tree up to 3 m (10 feet) tall, with thorns on the branches, although it can grow taller in the tropics. Leaves are small for the genus, less than 3 cm (1.2 inches) long and 2 cm (0.8 inches) wide. Flowers are born in cymes of 3–5 flowers. Drupes are orange, yellow or red, juicy, egg-shaped, about 7 mm in diameter, and edible by humans and wildlife.
# Bozağakaraderbendi, Pülümür

Bozağakaraderbendi (Kurdish: Qeredewranê Bozaxayî) is a village in the Pülümür District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Çarekan tribe and had a population of 46 in 2021.
The hamlets of Akçatı, Balpayam, Çağlayan, Çerciler, Ekinözü, Güğümlü, Karaderbent, Karataş, Kolan, Mercimek, Ocaklı, Oğulcuk, Rüstem, Seksenveren, Sungurcuk, Yalıntaş and Yazıcı are attached to the village.
# Chenar Barm-e Olya

Chenar Barm-e Olya (Persian: چناربرم عليا, also Romanized as Chenār Barm-e 'Olyā and Chenār Barm 'Olyā; also known as Chenār Baram-e Bālā, Chenār Barm-e Bālā, and Chenār Bon-e Bālā) is a village in Pataveh Rural District, Pataveh District, Dana County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 854, in 157 families.
# Eslamabad, Pasargad

Eslamabad (Persian: اسلام اباد, also Romanized as Eslāmābād) is a village in Kamin Rural District, in the Central District of Pasargad County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 101, in 22 families.
# Trans-Amazonian Railway

The Trans-Amazonian Railway is a proposed transcontinental railway through the Amazon Basin in Brazil, Bolivia, and Peru. The project was conceived in 2013 and announced in 2015 by Chinese and Bolivian leaders as part of a larger plan to create a Chinese-funded transportation network to support Bolivian imports and exports. The 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge transcontinental railroad megaproject proposed to link the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans by cutting through the Amazon rainforest. It was estimated to cost $10 billion circa 2015 and $72 billion circa 2023, and may not be able to recoup costs. Its sister projects include the Nicaragua Canal and a Colombian railway. It was included in the Brazilian National Transportation Plan.
The project received backlash from various native tribes, conservationists, ecologists, and news media concerned with the integrity of the Amazon rainforest and negative impact on the lives and well-being of native peoples. Past development projects have endangered native peoples with the introduction of violence from illegal loggers and cattle ranchers. There are also concerns that environmental impact has not been properly gauged and communicated to the parties it would effect. An analogous project, the Trans-Amazonian Highway, had a markedly negative impact on native peoples.
Some analysts believe that the railroad is preferential to a trans-continental highway network, as the majority of deforestation happens around roads. The proposed railway would re-use a good portion of already deforested land, reducing impact.
There is a strong incentive to the economy of South America by increasing trade with Asia, and export of beef, soybean, and minerals are expected to boost the economy of several countries along its route. China has encouraged this project both with direct funding and by lifting bans on South American beef imports. As of 2023 China is Brazil's largest beef export market, spending $8 billion on Brazilian beef in 2022. Cattle and beef play a primary role in the deforestation of the Amazon. Cattle ranching is responsible for five times more deforestation in South America than other analyzed commodities, and cattle accounts for 36% of tree cover loss worldwide. Cattle ranching is especially destructive due to the slash-and-burn method ranchers use to clear land, and the feeding habits of cattle being especially thorough and difficult for plants to recover from.
As of 2024, construction has not started yet. The Bolivian state has received assistance from the Inter-American Development Bank and the China Development Bank. The project faces environmental, civil, financial, and legal hurdles.
# Margaret of Hanau-Münzenberg

Countess Margaret of Hanau-Münzenberg (6 April 1471 – 5 September 1503 in Worms) was a daughter of Count Philip I of Hanau-Münzenberg and his wife, Countess Adriana of Nassau-Siegen.
Her family negotiated her entry into the Liebenau monastery as early as 1477, and she was accepted there as a nun.
Correspondence between her and her father has been preserved, which shows that she still took an interest in the affairs of her family after she entered the convent.

## Ancestors

Ancestors of Margaret of Hanau-Münzenberg :
# Gary Coulibaly

Gary Coulibaly (born 30 March 1986) is a French former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He was born in Corsica in France and is of Malian descent. He previously represented France at under-20 level, but has represented Corsica at senior level.

## Career

Born in Bastia, Coulibaly began his career with SC Bastia and made 35 league appearances in four seasons with the club, one of them being in Ligue 1. He moved to Istres in July 2008 and helped the club gain promotion to Ligue 2 as National champions in his first season. Two years later, Coulibaly was transferred to Monaco, having scored 6 goals in 107 games for Istres.
In January 2014, he was released by Monaco, having played no games for the club in almost a year. A few days later, he signed a six months contract with Laval.
Six months later, Coulibaly returned to his native island, joining Ligue 2 side AC Ajaccio.
In July 2015, he joined Belgian First Division A club Waasland-Beveren on a free transfer. He signed a one-year contract with the option of another.
In August 2017, Coulibaly returned to his former club SC Bastia as one of four new signings announced by the club, which had played in Ligue 1 in the 2016–17 season but dropped to the fifth-tier Championnat National 3 after filing bankruptcy.
# Çağlayan, Pülümür

Çağlayan (Kurdish: Ferxedin) is a village in the Pülümür District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Kurêşan tribe and had a population of 66 in 2021.
The hamlets of Alagöz, Deretarla, Kaşoğlu and Kırmızıtarla are attached to the village.
# Eslamabad-e Javid

Eslamabad-e Javid (Persian: اسلام ابادجاويد, also Romanized as Eslāmābād-e Jāvīd; also known as Eslāmābād) is a village in Javid-e Mahuri Rural District, in the Central District of Mamasani County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 255, in 48 families.
# Charles Case

Charles Case (December 21, 1817 – June 30, 1883) was an American lawyer who served two terms as a U.S. Representative from Indiana from 1857 to 1861.

## Biography

Case was born in Austinburg, Ohio; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Fort Wayne, Indiana.

### Congress

He was elected as a Republican to the Thirty-fifth United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Samuel Brenton; reelected to the Thirty-sixth United States Congress and served from December 7, 1857, to March 3, 1861; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1860 to the Thirty-seventh United States Congress.

### Later career and death

During the Civil War, he served as first lieutenant and adjutant of the Forty-fourth Regiment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry; subsequently became a major in the Third Regiment, Indiana Volunteer Cavalry, and served from November 26, 1861, - August 15, 1862.
He later resumed the practice of his profession in Washington, D.C.
He died in Brighton, Washington County, Iowa; interment in the Congressional Cemetery, Washington, D.C.

## Footnotes

* ↑ United States Congress. "Charles Case (id: C000219)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
# Arturo Ithurralde

Arturo Andrés Ithurralde (March 6, 1934 – June 3, 2017) was an Argentine football referee. He was known for having refereed one match in the 1982 FIFA World Cup in Spain. He also refereed four matches at 1975 and 1983 Copa América.
# Nash County Confederate Monument

The Nash County Confederate Monument is a Confederate memorial in Rocky Mount, North Carolina, United States. The monument is slated to be removed in 2020.
# Flora Natumanya

Flora Natumanya is a Ugandan politician, legislator and women's representative for Kikuube District in the eleventh Parliament of Uganda. She is a member of National Resistance Movement (NRM).

## Political career

Natumanya defeated Tophas Kahwa in the NRM primaries to become the NRM flag bearer in the 2021 National election, the election she won to become the women's representative for Kikuube District in the eleventh Parliament of Uganda. She sits on the parliamentary Committee on Environment and Natural Resources in the eleventh Parliament of Uganda. Natumanya inquired about what the Ugandan government would do to reduce the rate at which sand deposits were being exploited in the Committee on Environment and Natural Resources sessions.

## Other works

Natumanya donated five salon vehicles to the people to act as medical service vans in Kikuube District. She also told the people of Kikuube District that the vehicles will be fuelled by her and also that she will be the one to pay the drivers of those vehicles.
# Becky Iverson

Becky Iverson (born October 12, 1967) is an American professional golfer who played on the LPGA Tour. She currently works as the director of golf at The Bridges Golf Club in Madison, Wisconsin

## Amateur career

Iverson was born in Escanaba, Michigan. She was 1986 Michigan Junior Amateur champion and 1987 Michigan Women's Amateur champion. She played her collegiate golf at Michigan State University where she was 1987 Academic All-American and 1987-88 Academic All-Big Ten.

## Professional career

Iverson played full-time on the Futures Tour from 1989 to 1993 and sparingly since 1994, winning three times. In 1993, she tied for 43rd at the LPGA Final Qualifying Tournament to earn non-exempt status for the 1994 LPGA season. She gained her first LPGA victory in 1995 at the Friendly's Classic.
She was a member of the 2000 United States Solheim Cup team.

## Professional wins
### LPGA Tour wins (1)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of victory | Runners-up |
| 1 | Jul 30, 1995 | Friendly's Classic | –12 (71-63-72-70=276) | 2 strokes | Helen Alfredsson Kelly Robbins |
LPGA Tour playoff record (0–1)
| No. | Year | Tournament | Opponents | Result |
| 1 | 1999 | Firstar LPGA Classic | Rosie Jones Jan Stephenson | Jones won with par on fourth extra hole Stephenson eliminated by par on first hole |

### Futures Tour wins (3)

* 1994 (2) Olympia Spa Futures Classic, 13th Annual Salisbury Futures Classic
* 1997 (1) Betty Puskar Morgantown Futures Classic

## Team appearances

Professional
* Solheim Cup (representing the United States): 2000
# Francis S. Edwards

Francis Smith Edwards (May 28, 1817 – May 20, 1899) was a U.S. Representative from New York.
Born in Windsor, New York, Edwards completed preparatory studies. He attended Hamilton (New York) College (now Colgate University), but did not graduate. He studied law. He was admitted to the bar in New York City May 20, 1840, and practiced in Sherburne and Albany. He moved to Fredonia in 1851 and continued the practice of law. He was appointed master and examiner in chancery for Chenango County in 1842. He was appointed special county surrogate of Chautauqua County in 1853, and served until November 1, 1855.
Edwards was elected as the candidate of the American Party to the Thirty-fourth Congress and served from March 4, 1855, to February 28, 1857, when he resigned. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1856 to the Thirty-fifth Congress. He settled in Dunkirk, New York, in 1859, and resumed the practice of his profession. City attorney for nine years. He retired from the practice of law in 1892.
Edwards was elected police justice in 1895 and served until ten days before his death. He died in Dunkirk, New York, on May 20, 1899. He was interred in Forest Hill Cemetery, Fredonia, New York.
# Chenaran-e Do

Chenaran-e Do (Persian: چناران2, also Romanized as Chenārān-e Do; also known as Chenārān-e 'Olyā) is a village in Esfandaqeh Rural District, in the Central District of Jiroft County, Kerman province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 153, in 26 families.