OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alexander H. Coffroth

Alexander Hamilton Coffroth (May 18, 1828 – September 2, 1906) was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.

## Life and career

Alexander H. Coffroth was born in Somerset, Pennsylvania. He attended the public schools and Somerset Academy. For five years, he produced a Democratic newspaper in Somerset. He pursued legal education with the Hon. Jeremiah S. Black, and was admitted to the bar in February 1851 at Somerset, where he practiced his profession. He was a delegate to several Democratic State conventions, as well as a delegate to the 1860 Democratic National Conventions which assembled in Charleston, South Carolina, and Baltimore, Maryland. He served as an assessor of internal revenue in 1867, and was a delegate to the 1872 Democratic National Convention.
Coffroth was elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-eighth Congress. During his term, he supported the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment, along with some other Democrats, such as Archibald McAllister. He claimed reelection to the Thirty-ninth Congress, was seated on February 19, 1866, and served until July 18, 1866, when he was succeeded by William H. Koontz, who contested the election. He was again elected to the Forty-sixth Congress. He served as chairman of the United States House Committee on Invalid Pensions during the Forty-sixth Congress. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1880, and he resumed the practice of law in Somerset. Coffroth died at the sanitarium in Markleton, Pennsylvania, on September 2, 1906. He was interred in Union Cemetery in Somerset.
Coffroth was the last surviving pallbearer who had served at the funeral of President Abraham Lincoln.
During Coffroth's tenure as its Representative, Pennsylvania's 16th district took in Adams County, which includes Gettysburg, site in 1863 of the Battle of Gettysburg and the Gettysburg Address.

## Fictional portrayals

In the 2012 film Lincoln, Coffroth is portrayed by Boris McGiver. A memorable two-minute scene in the film features abolitionist Thaddeus Stevens (Tommy Lee Jones) belittling Coffroth and persuading him to vote, as a Democrat, in favor of the Thirteenth Amendment, so that it would pass with bipartisan support. In the movie, Stevens offers to quash a challenge to Coffroth's election filed by his Republican challenger that would be heard by the GOP-controlled House Elections Committee, which is tasked with resolving disputed elections as tasked by the Constitution. Unlike in the movie, where Stevens demands Coffroth to switch parties in the next Congress in order to have his opponent's challenge quashed, in real life, Coffroth's Republican challenger, William H. Koontz, won his case before the House Elections Committee and Coffroth was ousted from his seat.
# Juan Bermudo

Juan Bermudo OFM (c. 1510 in Écija, Province of Seville – c. 1565) was a Spanish Friar Minor who is best known as a composer, music theorist and mathematician.

## Life

Bermudo entered the Franciscan Order in 1525, belonging to the Province of Andalusia. He was subsequently sent to study at the University of Alcalá, where he resided at the College of Saint Peter and Paul, for friars studying at the University. He then dedicated his energies to preaching to the people of that region. The esteem he gained from the other friars of the province can be seen in his election on 24 June 1560 as a Definitor of the province.
A subsequent long period of illness led Bermudo to retire from his service as a preacher. During his recovery, he began to read various manuscripts of musical theory and began to develop his untrained, native talents in this art.

## Musician

Bermudo's first published work resulting from his studies was his Libro primero de la Declaración de instrumentos (1549), dedicated to King John III of Portugal. It was followed the subsequent year by Comiença el Arte Tripharia.
In his Perfecting the perfect instrument of 1555, a treatise on playing the vihuela, Bermudo lists the maestro de capilla of the Royal Chapel of Granada, Bernardino de Figueroa, and Cristóbal de Morales as having checked and approved the text.

## Works

Treatises:
* 1549 Libro primero de la Declaración de instrumentos musicales.
* 1550 Arte Tripharia.
* 1555 Declaración de instrumentos musicales. 5 Vols.
Music for vihuela:
* Mira nera de Tarpeya.
Organ works:
* Conditor alme siderum, Ave maris stella, Vexilla regis prodeunt a 5.
# Suzanne Strudwick

Suzanne Strudwick (born 4 July 1965 in Cheshire, England) is an English professional golfer. She turned professional in 1983 and joined the Women Professional Golfers' European Tour (now the Ladies European Tour) the same year. In 1993 she joined the U.S.-based LPGA Tour and was rookie of the year in her first season. She made the top 100 on the LPGA Tour money list nine times, but never rose higher than 68th.
Strudwick played a full tournament schedule until 2004, and now runs her own golf academy based in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States.
Strudwick is now a full-time golf coach at Carson–Newman University in Jefferson City, Tennessee.

## Ladies European Tour wins

* 1989 Open de France Dames
* 1991 AGF Ladies' Open
# New Oregon, New York

New Oregon is a small hamlet in the town of North Collins in southern Erie County, New York, United States. The hamlet is on the South Branch Eighteen Mile Creek.

## History

In 1860, the value of real estate was $85,650 and of personal property, $26,275. There were 357 residents, mostly farmers. Various trades noted in that year's federal census were the following:
* sawmill sawyer (William Doane)
* schoolmaster (Joseph Rohmer)
* butcher (Charles Thill)
* grocer (John Thiel and Antoine Smith)
* shoemaker (Michael Mayer, Frank Gamel, and Mathias Keuhman)
* blacksmith (Samuel Clark and Valentine Schaus)
* seaman (Uriah Clark)

### Catholic Church

In the 1850s, the nearest Catholic Church was in East Eden, a distance of over seven miles (11 km). New Oregon Catholics wanted a church nearby and adapted a wood frame building with a dirt floor. The priest from East Eden would minister in this church. The first Mass was celebrated on January 1, 1858, with the parish named Saint Mary of the Immaculate Conception.
In 1866, the parish purchased the New Oregon Methodist Church building and made additions. In a 1944 history of the parish, it was noted that "the late Mr. Nicholas Schmitt and many other deceased parishioners, rendered faithful, untiring, noncompensating (sic) assistance in laying the cornerstone and general construction."
In the fall of 2006, the parish merged with Saint Martin and Saint Frances Cabrini to form Epiphany of Our Lord Parish in Langford, and the New Oregon Church was closed. In 2007, the buildings were purchased and now operate as the Marienthal Inn.

### Post Office

New Oregon had its own post office from 1854 to 1903. In 1883, there was a mail route from Collins Center, through Morton's Corners and Woodward's Hollow to New Oregon.
# Papuligobius

Papuligobius is a genus of fish in the goby subfamily, Gobionellinae, native to Southeast Asia. It was erected in 2003 to house the species P. uniporus, newly described from Laos. A second species, P. ocellatus, was transferred from genus Rhinogobius at the same time.

## Species

The genus includes:
* Papuligobius ocellatus (Fowler, 1937)
* Papuligobius uniporus I. S. Chen & Kottelat, 2003
# Juana Azurduy de Padilla International Airport

Juana Azurduy de Padilla International Airport (ICAO: SLSU) is an airport located in Sucre, Bolivia, the nation's constitutional capital city. It is currently a base of the Bolivian Air Force and was formerly Sucre's main commercial airport until it was replaced by the Alcantarí Airport.
The only runway at Juana Azurduy de Padilla is 9,400 feet (2,900 m) in length, and at an altitude of 9,528 feet (2,904 m). Because of this high altitude, many people who arrived at Sucre via rapid air travel get altitude sickness. The altitude also caused the airport to be excessively cloudy at times, making approach difficult.
As with many in Latin America, Juana Azurduy de Padilla International Airport was not open 24 hours a day. It was only open from sunrise to sunset.
Though Sucre is Bolivia's constitutional (de jure) capital city, Juana Azurduy de Padilla International Airport was not the largest airport in the country. The largest airport is Viru Viru in Santa Cruz de la Sierra.
The airport was named after Juana Azurduy de Padilla, who fought for the independence against Spain.
On May 15, 2016, after 41 years of service, the Juana Azurduy de Padilla International Airport ended its commercial flight service, and all its operations moved to Alcantarí Airport. On 2017, the administration of the airport passed from AASANA to the military, turning the airport into an air force base.
# John L. Dawson

John Littleton Dawson (February 7, 1813 – September 18, 1870) was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.

## Early life and education

Dawson was born in Uniontown, Pennsylvania, and grew up in Brownsville, Pennsylvania. He graduated from Washington College with a degree in law, was granted admission to the bar in 1835, and ran a small law practice. He served as deputy attorney general for Fayette County, Pennsylvania, in 1838, and as district attorney for the western district of Pennsylvania from 1845 until 1848.

## Political career

In 1848, he unsuccessfully ran for congress as a Democrat, but on subsequent attempts he was elected and served in the 32nd and 33rd congresses, from March 4, 1851, until March 3, 1855, when he stepped down, declining the nomination for the next term. While serving as a congressman he was the chairman of the Committee on Agriculture.
During his time away from congress, President Franklin Pierce offered him the governorship of Kansas Territory, but he declined so that he could run for congress again, which he was elected to again in 1863, and served on the 38th and 39th congresses from March 4, 1863, until March 3, 1867. His vote on the Thirteenth Amendment is recorded as nay.
He was a delegate to Democratic National Convention from Pennsylvania, 1844, 1848, 1860, 1868.
He retired to his home in Springfield Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, where he died at age 57. He was interred at Christ Episcopal Churchyard in Brownsville.
In 1860, he was honored as the namesake of Dawson County, Nebraska, in what was then Nebraska Territory.

## Sources

* United States Congress. "John L. Dawson (id: D000153)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
* The Political Graveyard
* Infoplease: John Littleton Dawson biography
* Nebraska State Historical Society timeline http://www.nebraskahistory.org/publish/publicat/timeline/dawson-john-l.htm
U.S. House of Representatives :
| Preceded byAndrew Jackson Ogle | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania's 18th congressional district 1851–1853 | Succeeded byJohn McCulloch |
| Preceded byJohn Allison | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania's 20th congressional district 1853–1855 | Succeeded byJonathan Knight |
| Preceded byJames K. Moorhead | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania's 21st congressional district 1863–1867 | Succeeded byJohn Covode |
# J. Buell Snyder

John Buell Snyder (July 30, 1877 – February 24, 1946) was a Democratic Party member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.

## Formative years

J. Buell Snyder was born on a farm in Upper Turkeyfoot Township, Pennsylvania on July 30, 1877. He attended summer sessions of Harvard University, and Columbia University in New York City before graduating from the Lock Haven Teachers College in Lock Haven, Pennsylvania.

## Career

Snyder worked as principal of schools at Stoystown, Rockwood, and Berlin in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, from 1901 to 1906, and of Perry Township Union High School from 1906 to 1912.
He was the western Pennsylvania manager for an educational publisher from 1912 to 1932, and a member of the board of education of Perry Township in Pennsylvania, from 1922 to 1932. He was legislative representative for Pennsylvania school directors during sessions of the Pennsylvania General Assembly from 1921 to 1923, and a member of the National Commission of One Hundred for Study and Survey of Rural Schools in the United States from 1922 to 1924.
Snyder was elected from the 24th District of Pennsylvania as a Democrat to the Seventy-third and to the six succeeding Congresses. He served from March 4, 1933, until his death.

## Death

Snyder died in Pittsburgh at the age of sixty-nine on February 24, 1946.
# Phaq'u Q'awa (La Paz)

Phaq'u Q'awa is a 5,252-metre-high (17,231 ft) mountain in the Andes. According to the Bolivian IGM map 1:50,000 'Nevados Payachata Hoja 5739-I' it is situated on Bolivian terrain in the La Paz Department, Pacajes Province, Charaña Municipality, at the border with Chile. Phaq'u Q'awa lies north-west of the mountain Kunturiri and south-east of the mountain Laram Q'awa. The nearest peak to the east is Jaruma (Aymara for "bitter water"). One of three different rivers of this area called Kunturiri (Condoriri) originates north of the mountain. It flows in a bow along the northern slopes of Laram Q'awa towards Chile.

## Name

Phaq'u Q'awa derives from Aymara language terms phaq'u, paqu, or p'aqu meaning the color light brown, reddish, fair-haired, or dark chestnut, and q'awa meaning little river, ditch, crevice, fissure, or gap in the earth, the name thus meaning "brown brook" or "brown ravine". The Hispanicized spelling is Pacocahua or Pajojañua.
# Arden's rule

In theoretical computer science, Arden's rule, also known as Arden's lemma, is a mathematical statement about a certain form of language equations.

## Background

A (formal) language is simply a set of strings. Such sets can be specified by means of some language equation, which in turn is based on operations on languages. Language equations are mathematical statements that resemble numerical equations, but the variables assume values of formal languages rather than numbers. Among the most common operations on two languages A and B are the set union A ∪ B, and their concatenation A⋅B. Finally, as an operation taking a single operand, the set A$^*$ denotes the Kleene star of the language A.

## Statement of Arden's rule

Arden's rule states that the set A$^*$⋅B is the smallest language that is a solution for X in the linear equation X = A⋅X ∪ B where X, A, B are sets of strings. Moreover, if the set A does not contain the empty word, then this solution is unique.
Equivalently, the set B⋅A$^*$ is the smallest language that is a solution for X in X = X⋅A ∪ B.

## Application

Arden's rule can be used to help convert some finite automatons to regular expressions, as in Kleene's algorithm.
# Blood and Donuts

Blood and Donuts is a 1995 Canadian supernatural comedy horror film directed by Holly Dale, written by Andrew Rai Berzins, and starring Gordon Currie and Helene Clarkson. David Cronenberg plays a cameo role as the local crime boss. The film features a vampire who is accidentally awakened after 25 years of sleep and starts to shyly make contact with the mortal world around him. As he interacts and begins to care for the people around him, he gets mixed up in their problems and they in his.

## Premise

A vampire named Boya is awakened from his sleep by a golf ball. He has not been awake since 1969, and marvels at his new surroundings. He does not feed on humans but instead on rats and animals. He meets up with a cab driver who is in trouble with some criminals, and a female donut shop worker who gets stuck in the middle.
Befriending them both, and slowly falling in love with Molly, they take on each other's problems. He tries to protect them, but also endangers them by drawing the attention of an ex-lover from decades past who has not stopped looking for him in 25 years.

## Cast

* Gordon Currie as Boya
* Justin Louis as Earl
* Helene Clarkson as Molly
* Fiona Reid as Rita
* Frank Moore as Pierce
* Hadley Kay as Axel
* David Cronenberg as Crime Boss
* J. Winston Carroll as Bernie
* Earl Pastko as Donut Shop Junkie

## Production

Blood and Donuts was the first film to be produced by the Canadian Film Centre, and it was director Holly Dale's first narrative film. Dale had previously made her reputation in documentary films. Fellow director Vincenzo Natali served as a stand-in for Cronenberg and also provided storyboards.

## Release

Blood and Donuts was released on home video on 4 October 1996.

## Reception

Brendan Kelly of Variety wrote that the film fails to deliver on its premise, as Dale has trouble combining the horror and comedy elements. In a retrospective of Canadian horror films, Variety later called the film "critically acclaimed".

### Awards and nominations

Blood and Donuts was nominated in 1996 for the Genie Awards in 3 categories: Best Achievement in Costume Design (Emma England), Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role (Helene Clarkson), and Best Original Screenplay (Berzins).
# Petar, Prince of Hum

Petar Miroslavljević (Serbian Cyrillic: Петар Мирослављевић) or Petar of Hum was a 13th-century Serbian royalty, that held lands of Hum, in the Principality of Serbia.

## Biography

His father was Miroslav of Hum, of the Vukanović dynasty, his mother was a sister of Ban Kulin.
Although his brother Andrija Mirosavljević was entitled as heir of Miroslav, the Hum nobility chose Petar as Prince of Hum. Petar exiled Andrija and Miroslav's widow, Andrija fled to Rascia, to the court of Stefan Nemanjić. At the meantime, Petar fought successfully with neighbouring Bosnia and Croatia. Stefan Nemanjić sided with Andrija and went to war and secured Hum and Popovo field for Andrija sometime after his accession. Petar was defeated and crossed the Neretva, continuing to rule the west and north of the Neretva, which had before 1203 been briefly occupied by Andrew II of Hungary.
He was count of the city of Split 1224/25–1227.
Stefan gave the titular and supreme rule of Hum to his son Radoslav, Andrija initially held the district of Popovo with the coastal lands of Hum, including Ston. By agreement, when Radoslav died, the lands were bound to Andrija.
Ancestors of Petar, Prince of Hum :
Regnal titles :
| Political offices |||
| Preceded byToljen | Prince of Zahumlje 1198–1216 | Succeeded byAndrija |
# Sinarapan

The sinarapan or tabyos (Mistichthys luzonensis) is a species of fish in the goby subfamily, Gobionellinae, and the only member of the monotypic genus Mistichthys. It is endemic to the Philippines, where it occurs along the Bicol River and in Lakes Buhi, Bato, Lakelets Katugday and Manapao (both in Buhi) in Camarines Sur and in Danao Lake in Polangui, Albay.
The fish grows up to 2.5 centimeters long. It is transparent with a few dark spots and black eyes.
This freshwater fish lives in lakes from the shoreline to 12 meters in depth.
Tabyos is considered a delicacy, and it is of economic importance locally. It has been listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the "smallest commercially-harvested food fish". It is harvested with nets and palm leaves. It tends to school, making it easier to catch. It has been taken in large numbers since the 1940s, when it first became popular as food. It is fried or boiled and served with vegetables.
By the 1990s it had become clear that the sinarapan was overfished and was nearing extinction. It was also negatively affected by introduced species of fish in its native lakes, particularly the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Conservation actions taken include the transfer of thousands of sinarapan to safer lakes where they might reproduce effectively. The transport of the fish was difficult because it is very delicate, and well over half of each load died during the process. By 2001 there was evidence of successful reproduction in the new habitat.
# Pir Jo Goth

Pir Jo Goth (Sindhi: پير جو ڳوٺ) is a city in Pakistan situated in the Kingri Taluka of Khairpur District in the Sindh province. It is the headquarter of Kingri taluka. Its population was 54,266 in 2023.

## History

Pir Jo Goth (listed as Kingri (Pirjo Goth) in the 2023 Census) is mainly famous for the tomb of Muhammad Rashid (known as Roz-e-Dhani) and his descendants. Murids of Roz-e-Dahni are now called Hurs and the descendant of Roz-e-Dahani is called Pir Pagaara. Sayed Sibgatullah Shah Rashidi III is the 8th Pir Paghara. The Hurs visit the city four times in a year for Ziyarat of Pir Sahib Pagara and the tomb of Muhammad Rashid (Roz-e-Dhani). Sayed Muhammad Rashid Shah Rashidi is MPA of Pir-jo-goth (From 2013), Sayed Najebullah Shah Rashidi is chairman of Taluka Kingri (from 2015) and Abdul Gafar Memon is city chairman (From 2015). Many schools (government and private) and colleges for both boys and girls are also in city. Government Boys Degree College and Government Girls Degree College provide higher education in city. Jamia Rashidia Islamic University (non-government) for Islamic education and two libraries (one public and the other private) is also in Pir Jo Goth city. And for health one civil hospital and many private hospitals in city. The city has two big bazaars namely Shahi Bazar and Thano Road. Ground and parks for also for citizen in city. And Anaj Mandi, Sabzi Mandi, Goshat Market and Maal Piddi also in Pir-jo-goth city. Pir-jo-Goth is headquarter of Pakistan Muslim League Functional. Dates and bananas are famous fruit of Pir-Jo-Goth.
# Robert W. Everett

Robert William Everett (March 3, 1839 – February 27, 1915) was a U.S. Representative from Georgia.

## Biography

Born near Hayneville, Georgia, Everett attended the village schools and Hayneville Academy. He was graduated from Mercer University, Macon, Georgia, in 1859. His parents were Alexander and Harriet Blanche (Bryan) Everett. He was of English descent. He taught school in Polk and Houston Counties for two years. He entered the Confederate States Army as a sergeant in Captain Gartrell's company, Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest's escort squadron, and served until the close of the Civil War. He again engaged in teaching school in Houston County and also in Cedartown, Georgia, until 1872, when he abandoned the profession for agricultural pursuits. He served as commissioner of roads and revenue of Polk County 1875-1880. He served as member of the Board of Education of Polk County 1880-1891 and served as president of the board 1882-1891. He served as member of the State house of representatives 1882-1885.
Everett was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-second Congress (March 4, 1891 – March 3, 1893). He was not a candidate for renomination in 1892. He resumed agricultural pursuits. He was again a member of the State house of representatives in 1898 and 1899. He lived in retirement until his death in Rockmart, Georgia, on February 27, 1915. He was interred in Cedartown Cemetery, Cedartown, Georgia.
# Schlägl

Schlägl is a town and a former municipality in Rohrbach District in the Austrian state of Upper Austria. On 1 May 2015 Schlägl municipality was merged with Aigen im Mühlkreis to form Aigen-Schlägl municipality.
As of 1 January 2018, population of the town was 430.

## Geography

Schlägl is lying in the upper Mühlviertel. About 55 percent of the municipality is forest, and 40 percent is farmland.

## Forestry

Schägl contains a monastic order in which famously developed was the target diameter harvesting method.