OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Philip B. Winston

Philip Bickerton Winston (August 12, 1845 – July 1, 1901) was an American Civil War veteran who fought for the Confederate States of America and a businessman who served as the 16th mayor of Minneapolis.

## Life and career

Winston was born near Hanover Courthouse, Virginia to William O. Winston and Sarah A. Gregory. At the outbreak of the American Civil War he enlisted in the 5th Virginia Cavalry and was eventually promoted to an aide under General Thomas L. Rosser. After the war ended, Winston pursued a farming career for a number of years before moving to Minneapolis in 1872. He found work with the Northern Pacific Railroad and eventually founded a contracting company with his brother F. G. Winston which helped in railroad construction projects across the Midwest.
In 1888 he was nominated by the Democratic party to run for mayor of Minneapolis but lost the election to Edward C. Babb. In 1890 he ran again and was successful, serving one term from 1891 to 1893. He also served two terms in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1893 to 1895 and from 1899 to 1901.
Winston died in Chicago, Illinois on July 1, 1901. He is buried in his family's private cemetery in Hanover County, Virginia.

## Electoral history

* Minneapolis Mayoral Election, 1888
** Edward Charles Babb 17,882
** Philip Bickerton Winston 14,759
** William J. Dean 1,365
** Baldwin Brown 2
** Hugh Galbraith Harrison 1
** Write-Ins and Scattering 1
* Minneapolis Mayoral Election, 1890
** Philip Bickerton Winston 17,200
** Edwin G. Potter 11,000
** Edwin Phillips 1,251
** Ernest F. Clark 973
# Richard H. Whiting

Richard Henry Whiting (January 17, 1826 – May 24, 1888) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois. He was the uncle of Rep. Ira Clifton Copley, and the grandfather of composer Richard A. Whiting.
Born in West Hartford, Connecticut, Whiting attended the common schools. He moved to Altona, Illinois, in 1850, thence to Galesburg, Illinois, in 1860, where he built a gas works. During the Civil War he served in the Union Army as paymaster of Volunteers 1862-1866. He was appointed assessor of internal revenue for the fifth district of Illinois in February 1870, serving until May 20, 1873, when the office was abolished. He was appointed collector of internal revenue for the same district May 20, 1873, with office at Peoria, Illinois, and served until his resignation on March 4, 1875, having been elected to Congress.
Whiting was elected as a Republican to the Forty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1875 - March 3, 1877). He was not a candidate for renomination in 1876. He served as delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1884. He died in New York City, May 24, 1888. He was interred in Springdale Cemetery, Peoria, Illinois.
# Kaspar Gottfried Schweizer

Kaspar Gottfried Schweizer (16 February 1816 – 6 July 1873) was a Swiss astronomer who travelled to Moscow in 1845 to become Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy at the Survey Institute, and later director of the Moscow University Observatory.
Schweizer was born in 1816 as the son of a pastor at Wila, Switzerland. In 1839, he went to Königsberg to assist Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel. From 1841 to 1845 he worked at Pulkovo Observatory under Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve. Schweizer discovered five comets, and found one NGC object, NGC 7804, on 11 November 1864.
# Jan Hird Pokorný

Jan Hird Pokorný (May 25, 1914 - May 20, 2008) was a Czech-born American architect and preservationist.

## Early life and education

Pokorny was born on May 25, 1914, in Brno, then part of Austria-Hungary (now the Czech Republic), and was raised in Prague. His father, Jaroslav Pokorny, was an electrical engineer who served as assistant general director of the Skoda Works. Jaroslav was briefly imprisoned by the Nazis and emigrated to the United States in 1948. Jan Pokorny had relocated to the U.S. earlier, in 1939, to escape the German occupation.
Pokorny entered the United States on a student visa and became a U.S. citizen in 1945. He completed his education at the Czech Technical University in Prague before enrolling in Columbia University's architecture program, where he earned a master's degree and later joined the faculty.

## Career

Pokorny founded an architectural firm in New York City that specialized in the restoration and adaptation of historic structures for new uses. His firm undertook a range of educational and institutional projects, including buildings at Centenary College of New Jersey, the State University of New York at Stony Brook, and Lehman College in the Bronx.
Pokorny served on the Art Commission of the City of New York from 1973 to 1977 and was Commissioner of the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission from 1997 to 2007. During his tenure, he was involved in initiatives to preserve cultural artifacts, including arranging a new setting for a statue of the composer Antonin Dvorak in Stuyvesant Square Park. He was also a trustee of the Grand Central Terminal Trust.
Pokorny's work included the restoration and modernization of several historic buildings, such as Lewisohn Hall at Columbia University, the Schermerhorn Row Block at South Street Seaport, the Brooklyn Historical Society building, the National Lighthouse Museum on Staten Island, and the Battery Maritime Building in Lower Manhattan.

## Awards

* Lifetime Preservation Award from Columbia University
* James William Kideney Award from the American Institute of Architects
* American Institute of Architects New York State Fellows Award

## Personal life

Pokorny was married twice. His first marriage ended in divorce. He was survived by his second wife, Marise Angelucci-Pokorny, and their son, Stefan.
# Saskatchewan Highway 24

Highway 24 is a provincial highway in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It runs from Highway 3 at Spiritwood north to the community of Chitek Lake on Chitek Lake. Highway 24 is about 56 kilometres (35 mi) long.
In April 2014, due to its state of disrepair, Highway 24 was named the worst highway in Saskatchewan by the Canadian Automobile Association (CAA). In 2021, repairs began on the highway as part of a plan to stimulate the local economy. A total of 50 kilometres (31 mi) were rebuilt.

## Route description

Highway 24 generally travels in a north to south direction. Its northern terminus is at the community of Chitek Lake while the southern one is at Spiritwood and Highway 3. The highway provides access to the Chitek Lake Recreation Site and the communities of Laventure, Leoville, and Penn. Intersections along Highway 24 include Highways 793, 696, and 945.
# Nine windows

The nine windows technique, also known as 9 windows, 9 boxes, 9 screens, multiscreen diagram, or system operator tool is a creative problem-solving technique that analyzes a problem across time and relative to its place within a system.
The approach is based on the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) and involves creating a 3 × 3 matrix and placing the current problem in the center.
Nine-windows matrix :
| | Present |
| Super-system | |
| System | Current issue |
| Sub-system | |
The 3 × 3 matrix is divided into three problem-solving levels:
* Super-system, also known as the macro system, refers to the external components and environment that currently act with the problem or system.
* System refers to the problem or system itself.
* Sub-system, also known as the micro system, refers to the parts or components of the problem or system.
# Waldshut station

Waldshut station (German: Bahnhof Waldshut) is a railway station in the city of Waldshut-Tiengen in the German state of Baden-Württemberg.

## History

The station was opened on 30 October 1856.

## Description

The station lies on the High Rhine Railway, which connects Basel and Singen along the northern and, mostly, German bank of the Rhine. It is the junction point for the Turgi–Koblenz–Waldshut line, which crosses the Rhine from Switzerland on the Waldshut to Koblenz railway bridge just to the south of the station.
The Upper Rhine Railway has yet to be electrified and most services are operated by diesel locomotives or railcars, although electrification has been agreed upon and is planned. The line from Switzerland is electrified using the Swiss standard of 15 kV and 16.7 Hz from an overhead line. Only one terminal platform's track in the station is electrified, and this is used by all trains from Switzerland.

## Customs

Passengers using Platform 5 which serves trains running to and from Switzerland are subject to customs formalities from both countries as the train line lies on a customs border. Checks may occur in Waldshut station by German customs officers as well as on the train by Swiss customs officials. Checks by the Swiss may also take place in the first Swiss station, namely Koblenz. Systematic passport controls were abolished when Switzerland joined the Schengen Area in 2008.

## Train services

The station is a border station and as such is in local transport tariff zones in both Germany and Switzerland.
As of the December 2023 timetable change, the following services stop at Waldshut:
* RE 3: hourly service between Basel Bad Bf and ‹See TfM›Singen (Hohentwiel); every other train continues from Singen to Ulm Hauptbahnhof.
* Regionalbahn (RB):
** RB30: hourly service between Basel Bad Bf and ‹See TfM›Lauchringen.
** RB 37: infrequent weekday service to ‹See TfM›Stühlingen (–‹See TfM›Weizen).
* Aargau S-Bahn S27: hourly service to Baden.
* Zürich S-Bahn S36: hourly service to Bülach.
# List of finance ministers of Kenya

The minister of finance of Kenya is a cabinet position held by the minister responsible for the Ministry of Finance.

## List
### Ministers

The following are the finance ministers of Kenya since independence.

#### Parties

Kenya African National Union  Party of National Unity
| # | Minister | Took office | Left office | Notes |
| 1 | James Gichuru | 1963 | 1969 | |
| 2 | Mwai Kibaki | 1969 | 1982 | Kenya's longest serving minister. Became third president after being elected overwhelmingly in December 2002. |
| 3 | Arthur Magugu | 1982 | 1986 | |
| 4 | George Saitoti | 1986 | 1992 | Goldenberg scandal occurred |
| 5 | Musalia Mudavadi | 1993 | 1997 | Land economist and son of long serving minister Moses Substone Mudavadi mopped up the excess liquidity related to the 1992 multiparty elections |
| 6 | Simeon Nyachae | 1998 | 1999 | |
| 7 | Francis Masakhalia | February 1999 | August 1999 | |
| 8 | Chris Okemo | September 1999 | November 2001 | Now facing an extradition case related to money laundering at Kenya Power in his earlier career as Energy minister |
| 9 | Christopher Obure | November 2001 | December 2002 | |
| 10 | Daudi Mwiraria | January 2003 | February 2006 | Resigned following the Anglo-Leasing scandal |
| 11 | Amos Kimunya | February 2006 | 2008 | Resigned following the Grand Regency Scandal |
| – | John Michuki (in a temporary capacity) | 2008 | 2009 | |
| 12 | Uhuru Kenyatta | 2009 | 2011 | Resigned after being charged in the International Criminal Court. Was elected fourth president of Kenya in 2013 |
| 13 | Robinson Njeru Githae | 2011 | 2013 | |

### Cabinet secretaries

| # | Minister | Took office | Left office |
| 1 | Henry Rotich | 15 May 2013 | Removed in office, face charges of corruption; 22 July 2019 |
| 2 | Ukur Yatani Kanacho | 14 January 2020 | 2022 |
| 3 | Njuguna Ndung'u | October 2022 | |
4
john mbadi
# Myddelton baronets

The Myddelton Baronetcy, of Chirke in the County of Denbigh, was a title in the Baronetage of England. It was created on 4 July 1660 for Thomas Myddelton, Member of Parliament for Flint, Montgomery and Denbighshire. He was the son of the politician and Parliamentary general Sir Thomas Myddelton and the grandson of Sir Thomas Myddelton, Lord Mayor of London in 1613. The second and third Baronets represented Denbighshire in the House of Commons. The title became extinct on the death of the fourth Baronet in 1718.

## Myddelton baronets, of Chirke (1660)

* Sir Thomas Myddelton, 1st Baronet (1624–1663)
* Sir Thomas Myddelton, 2nd Baronet (c. 1651–1684)
* Sir Richard Myddelton, 3rd Baronet (1655–1716)
* Sir William Myddelton, 4th Baronet (1694–1718)
# One-way ride

A one-way ride, also known by the phrase taking someone for a ride, is slang in the underworld for an execution method. The usual plan is for the victims, who are lured or forced into a car, to be driven to a remote location where they are killed (either en route or after their arrival) where their bodies are dumped.

## History

First coming into use during Prohibition, the phrase was reportedly first used by Northside Gang member Hymie Weiss who was last seen driving off with Steve Wisniewski, a local criminal who had recently hijacked a Northside beer shipment, in July 1921.
This method was used in countless gangland executions throughout the period, particularly by the Northsiders and the Chicago Outfit, as the bodies of mobsters and other underworld figures would be found in remote locations outside Chicago throughout the 1920s and 1930s.

## In popular culture

* A one-way ride (Chicago Ride) has often been depicted in gangster movies such as The Godfather II (1974), The Long Good Friday (1979), Miller's Crossing (1990) and Bullets Over Broadway (1994). It was also used in the television show The Sopranos.
# One percent

One percent (or 1%) or One percenter may refer to:

## Groups of people

* The wealthiest 1% of people in the United States, from the Occupy Movement's slogan, "We are the 99%"
* One percenter (motorcycle), a member of an outlaw motorcycle club derived from the statement "99% of motorcyclists are law-abiding citizens"
* 1%Club, a non profit group using the Internet to help those in developing countries

## Film and television

* 1% (film), a 2017 Australian film
* "1%" (South Park), an episode of South Park
* The One Percent (film), a 2006 documentary about the growing wealth gap in the United States

## Songs

* "1%" (song), by Tomomi Itano, 2013
* "1%", by Funeral for a Friend from Chapter and Verse, 2015
* "1%", by Jane's Addiction from Jane's Addiction, 1987
* "1%", by Kiiara, 2018
* "1%", by Oscar Scheller featuring Lily Allen, 2019
* "One Percent", by Gorillaz from The Now Now, 2018
* "One Percent", by Rich White Ladies, 2012

## Other uses

* 1% rule (Internet culture), a rule of thumb pertaining to participation in an internet community
* 1% rule (aviation medicine), a risk threshold for medical incapacitation
* 1% milk, a grade of milk containing 1% butterfat
* One percenter (Australian rules football), various small actions in the game that help the team win
* The One Percent Doctrine, a nonfiction book by Ron Suskind
* One Percent for the Planet, a globally recognized certification that represents thousands of businesses & environmental partners
* 1 Percent, the first site to ever sell "lifestyle accessories". Online since 1995 & named in tribute to Jane's Addiction.
# Central District (Javanrud County)

The Central District of Javanrud County (Persian: بخش مرکزی شهرستان جوانرود) is in Kermanshah province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Javanrud.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the district's population was 53,048 in 11,702 households. The following census in 2011 counted 62,255 people in 15,769 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the district as 66,493 inhabitants in 18,338 households.

### Administrative divisions

Central District (Javanrud County) Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
| Bazan RD | 5,257 | 4,836 | 4,647 |
| Palanganeh RD | 4,687 | 5,936 | 7,492 |
| Javanrud (city) | 43,104 | 51,483 | 54,354 |
| Total | 53,048 | 62,255 | 66,493 |
| RD = Rural District ||||
# Romeo Iamandi Sports Hall

Romeo Iamandi Sports Hall is an indoor arena located in Buzău, Romania. The arena is named after the Romanian handball player and referee Romeo Iamandi. It is the home arena of the men's professional handball club HC Buzău and women's professional handball team Gloria Buzău. It was opened in 1982, renovated several times and has a capacity of 1,800 seats.

## Gallery

* Inside View of the Sports Hall
# Future Perfect (book)

Future Perfect: The Case for Progress in a Networked Age (2012) is a non-fiction book published in 2012 by American author Steven Berlin Johnson. In the book, Johnson presents a new political worldview he names “peer progressivism.” This idea promotes collaboration amongst peers and the development of peer networks for the purpose of accomplishing large undertakings and ultimately helping society grow and change for the better.

## Key concepts

The main idea that Johnson promotes in Future Perfect is that productivity and innovation are best achieved through the collaborative efforts of a peer network rather than the restrictive structure of a hierarchical system. In a peer network, individuals aren’t as interested in competition or profit. Johnson presents his idea as a new political movement, with its followers referring to themselves as “peer progressives." This new political view avoids the traditional ideas of both big government and also big markets.
Future Perfect is characterized by applicable anecdotes that aid in giving deeper explanations of his ideas. Johnson uses stories that highlight successful peer networks, such as the 3-1-1 call system, a program used in New York City allowing residents to call in issues that need to be addressed throughout the city, or also the story of a prize-based system developed by a small group of men in 18th century Britain that offered incentives to citizens who could help foster innovation in manufacturing and the arts. Johnson also uses examples of failed systems and projects, and then he analyzes the cause of the failure to determine how to learn from their mistakes. In a hierarchical organization, all of the intelligence is kept in the center of the network, leading to the decision-making being non-inclusive and stifling the flow of information. The story of the Legrand Star, the inefficiently designed French railway system that uses Paris as a central hub for all passenger trains, is Johnson’s main illustration of a failed system. These stories all promote Johnson’s idea of a decentralized peer network, one where there isn’t a clear group or location that has more power or control than another. Johnson argues that a large, diverse group of non-experts will generally make larger leaps in innovation than a small group of experts.

## Critical reception

Future Perfect has been received positively overall. It received praises from The Boston Globe, The Wall Street Journal and Publishers Weekly Amongst the praise, there were a handful of reviews that criticized Johnson’s ideas as being optimistic and an utopian." The Guardian addresses this criticism and explains that Johnson refutes this opinion by clarifying that he thinks of the Internet as being one example of a generally successful peer network, but he does not see it as a “cure-all." The Boston Globe argues that Johnson is not attempting to be original in his promotion of peer progressivism, rather he is reminding society to continue practicing communal decision-making as we advance in the digital age.
# River Isle

The River Isle (also known as the River Ile) flows from its source near Combe St Nicholas, through Somerset, England and discharges into the River Parrett south of Langport near Midelney.
Several small springs merge into the river near Wadeford it then flows north past Donyatt, Ilminster, Puckington, and Isle Abbotts, before joining the Parrett. The first section of the river falls 250 feet (76 m) in 6 miles (9.7 km) and then falls less steeply falling 80 feet (24 m) during the subsequent 8 miles (13 km). As a result, several mills were built on the upper reaches of the river. At least one mill was in existence at the time of the Domesday Book in 1086. These mills were an important part of the local economy connecting with the wool trade.
The road bridge over the river at Knowle St Giles is a Grade II listed building.
A lock was built at the junction with the River Parrett, to maintain water levels, when the Westport Canal was built in the 1830s. The canal joins the river approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) before the confluence with the Parrett.
Chard Reservoir was built by damming the river in the 1840s to provide water for the Chard Canal.

## Tributaries

Near Ilton and Puckington, the Isle is joined by Cad Brook. The name of this stream is first attested in a thirteenth-century copy of a perhaps tenth-century forgery of a charter purporting to date from 725, as Caducburne. The name is attested again in the fifteenth century as Cadde. The second element of this name is an Old English word meaning "stream", the origin of the first element is less certain. In 1928, Eilert Ekwall guessed that Caduc was a diminutive form of a personal name Cada, thus meaning "Caduc's stream". By 1936 he had concluded that the name included a rare Old English word for jackdaw, cadac, in which case the river name meant "jackdaw stream". Andrew Breeze has more recently suggested that caduc was actually a Brittonic name for the stream, adopted into Old English with burn as an explanatory addition, related to the Modern Welsh word caddug ("mist, gloom, darkness").
The stream gave its name to the hamlet of Cad Green. By the 1920s, the stream itself seems to have been called the Ding, but recent maps show Cad Brook, suggesting that Cad Green has in turn given its name back to the stream from which it was named.
# The Man Who Liked Slow Tomatoes

The Man Who Liked Slow Tomatoes is a crime novel by the American writer K. C. Constantine set in 1980s Rocksburg, a fictional, blue-collar, Rust Belt town in Western Pennsylvania, modeled on the author's hometown of McKees Rocks, Pennsylvania, adjacent to Pittsburgh.
Mario Balzic, the protagonist, is an atypical detective for the genre: he is a Serbo-Italian American cop, middle-aged, unpretentious, a family man, and someone who asks questions and uses more sense than force.
The novel opens at Muscotti's Bar, Balzic's refuge, as Jimmy Romanelli sells several baskets of tomatoes to Vinnie, the barkeep. It ends weeks later after a disappearance that sorely challenge the detective skills of Balzic.
It is the fifth book in the 17-volume Rocksburg series.