OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A-VSB

A-VSB or Advanced VSB is a modification of the 8VSB modulation system used for transmission of digital television using the ATSC system. One of the constraints of conventional ATSC transmission is that reliable reception is difficult or impossible when the receiver is moving at speeds associated with normal vehicular traffic. The technology was jointly developed by Samsung and Rohde & Schwarz.
A-VSB builds on the existing ATSC transmission standard to enhance DTV receivers’ ability to receive the main MPEG transport stream in dynamic environments. The system enables broadcasters to include multiple streams with additional error correction and time diversity encoding for enhanced reception. In addition, A-VSB facilitates synchronization of multiple transmission towers, which should improve coverage with higher uniform signal strength throughout a service area, even in locations that normally would be shielded by obstacles such as hills or buildings.
A-VSB incorporates three new elements: a Supplementary Reference Signal (SRS), a Scalable Turbo Stream (STS), and support for Single Frequency Networks (SFN).

## Supplementary Reference Signal

A-VSB receivers utilize the SRS in order to remain synchronized with the transmission. This helps maintain reception of the main stream and any turbo streams even with rapidly changing multipath interference, such as when the signal is reflected from moving objects near the receiver or when the receiver itself is moving.
The SRS adds an additional equalizer training sequence to the Transport Stream Adaptation Field, which should be ignored by existing transport decoders. The added signal shortens the existing 24ms equalizer update time by a selectable factor, from 120x to 312x. A receiver equipped with this new equalizer can track rapid multipath fading, and thus supports mobile reception. SRS can be used alone, without the STS, offering a slight improvement in portable (stationary—not true mobile) service.

## Scalable Turbo Stream

The addition of a new turbo-coded stream enables broadcasters to increase the error-correction capability of a secondary stream transmission. Two options are proposed for the turbo stream: ½ and ¼ rate codes, i.e., the new video stream requires 2x or 4x the video rate in final transport payload. The new Threshold of Visibility (TOV) SNRs are 9.6 and 4.5 dB, respectively; 1.6dB is claimed with diversity reception. Conventional 8VSB has a TOV SNR of 15.1 dB. The turbo codec uses single-input single-output (SISO) iterative decoding and time interleaving.

## Single Frequency Networks

The last option—SFN—is made possible by adding a VSB Frame Initialization Packet (VFIP) that synchronizes the transport frame sequences to a GPS reference.
# Iru Pata

Iru Pata (Aymara iru spiny Peruvian feather grass, pata stone bench, step, "Peruvian feather grass step") is a 4,494-metre-high (14,744 ft) mountain in the Bolivian Andes. It is located in the La Paz Department, Inquisivi Province, Colquiri Municipality. Iru Pata lies southwest of Jaqi Jiwata.
# Ceride-i Havadis

Ceride-i Havadis (Journal of News) was the first semi-official newspaper in the Ottoman Empire, and was published from 1840 to 1877.

## History

Ceride-i Havadis was published by William Nosworthy Churchill, an Englishman who moved to Turkey aged 19 and was familiar with the Turkish language and the Ottoman Turkish script having worked as a translator at the American Consulate in Constantinople. Ceride-i Havadis published foreign news items translated by Churchill and his staff, provided by the Ottoman Government (Ottoman Imperial Printing House), wrote the news; and was the only semi-private paper in Turkey until 1860. The paper received financial support from the government and was first published on 31 July 1840. It was the first newspaper in the country to have private adverts and death notices.
To accommodate a growing circle of readers, the editors simplified the language in which the newspaper was written, gradually abandoning the more formal style which they had previously shared with the official Gazette. Ottoman statesman Said Pasha (1830–⁠1914), was at one time editor of the Ceridé-i-Havadis.
   The first privately owned Turkish newspaper was Ceride-i Havadis (Journal of News), published in 1840 by an Englishman named William N. Churchill. The content was unusually rich for its time, for it contained details of Western politics, financial news, material about controversial events such as the French Revolution, and items of cultural interest such as reports of new technology that had not yet been introduced into the Ottoman Empire. However, Churchill’s paper did not appeal to the public and was able to survive only with state support. In fact, its writers were all members of the translation bureau of the Sublime Porte, who directed communication with foreign countries and followed the foreign press.
After Churchill’s death in 1846 he was succeeded by his son Alfred Black who went to Sevastopol during the Crimean War to cover the fighting for English newspapers, and his reports were also published in special supplements by the Ceride-i Havadis. In 1860 Alfred Churchill also established a daily version of the newspaper, tr:Ruzname-i_Ceride-i_Havadis which was the first Turkish newspaper to be published on a daily basis during the Ottoman period. He promoted the cause of Turkish progress, and much improved the character of Turkish printing.
When the Sultan of Turkey visited England in July 1867, Alfred Black Churchill attended as the official historiographer.
The first press debate occurred between Ceride-i Havadis and Tercüman-ı Ahvâl. After the death of Churchill in 1870 aged 45, the business ran until 1887 when the papers closed.
# Street Supremacy

Street Supremacy is a racing video game developed by Genki and published by Konami in North America, Europe and Australia. It is part of the Tokyo Xtreme Racer series, despite not being named as such. It was released on April 21, 2005, in Japan, February 28, 2006, in North America, September 2006 in France and Oct 6, 2006 in Australia for the PlayStation Portable. It received poor reviews from critics, primarily citing its loading times and driving mechanics.

## Reception

The game received an aggregate score of 41/100 on Metacritic, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".
Alex Navarro of GameSpot rated the game 4.5/10, praising the game's team battle mode but criticizing the loading times, driving gameplay and "broken" ad-hoc multiplayer mode, as well as the game's lack of free roam. 1Up.com gave the game a D+ rating, calling the game's life bar mechanic "pretty intense", but saying that the racing mechanics feel "like ice racing most of the time". Chris Roper of IGN rated the game 2.5/10, calling it "easily one of the worst racing games I've ever laid my hands on, bar none", and noting that the ad-hoc multiplayer was "completely and entirely nonfunctional", and that both racers became more and more out of sync as the race progressed.
# UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy

The UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy is located at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and includes a satellite campus at UNC Asheville. The Asheville School of Pharmacy campus opened in 2011, and graduated its first class in 2015.
U.S. News & World Report ranked the Eshelman School the #1 pharmacy school in the United States in 2016, 2020, 2021, and 2022.
The school is named after alumnus and Wall Street investor Fred Eshelman, who had by that point donated nearly $140 million to the school.
It offers a Doctor of Pharmacy degree, a Master of Science in Pharmaceutical Sciences with a specialization in health system pharmacy administration, and a PhD in Pharmaceutical Sciences with an emphasis in four research areas.
Robert A. Blouin was the Dean of the school from 2003 to 2017, until he became the school's Provost in 2017. Dr. Dhiren Thakker was appointed interim dean, and turned the position over to Dr. Angela Kashuba when she became the college's first woman Dean since the inception of the historic school.
# Keytrade Bank

Keytrade Bank is a financial services company based in Belgium with a subsidiary in Luxembourg.

## History

VMS-Keytrade, Belgium's first online investment site, was found in 1998. In 2002, VMS-Keytrade became Keytrade Bank and acquired its banking status by taking over RealBank.
Between 2005 and 2016, Keytrade Bank was part of the Crelan Group, which until 2015 was 50% owned by the Crédit Agricole Group, one of Europe's largest groups (own funds of €64.8 billion and net profit of €6 billion).
Since June 2016, Keytrade Bank has been part of the Crédit Mutuel Arkéa banking group.

## Products

Keytrade Bank offers all banking and trading services online.

### Bank

Keytrade Bank offers all the usual services of a large bank with a current account, a savings account and a term account for free, but also debit and credit cards.
* Current account: available 24 hours a day, yielding 5 cents for each operation executed; Bancontact / Mister Cash / Maestro cards for free and VISA and American Express credit cards.
* Savings account: account with an interest rate of 0.05% a year + 0.20% fidelity premium.
* Term account: period of the term between 1 week and 1 year and with the possibility to break up the term or to extend the time.

### Trading

As a brokerage firm, Keytrade Bank offers access to several markets: Euronext Brussels, Paris and London Stock Exchange, Frankfurt (Xetra), Milan (Borsa Italiana), Switzerland (SWX et Virt-x), Madrid (Bolsa de Madrid), Amsterdam, the U.S. (Nyse, Nasdaq, Amex et OTC-BB) and Canada (TSX & TSX Venture).
Keytrade Bank presents a broad range of products for private investors: stocks, options, warrants, turbos, mutual funds, trackers, bonds, structured products...
Keytrade Bank also offers Keytrade Pro, a professional day-trading and trend trading platform for new products, which is used to be accessible only to professional investors. This platform allows the investor to invest in:
* The Forex (with 160 currency crosses)
* The Futures market with more than 400 available contracts in 15 markets
* CFDs which allow investors to take position on more than 3500 underlying stocks on the 22 largest global markets with a leverage effect from 1 to 10.

## Marketing

Keytrade Bank provides the numbers used in the daily financial magazine Cotes et Cours, which is broadcast by the RTBF. This partnership allows Keytrade Bank to run a short spot advertising just before and after the magazine. This seems like a win-win marketing operation for both the RTBF and Keytrade Bank.
On 29 September 2014, KeytradeBank Belgium established a brand new visual identity: a new logo, website and advertising campaign have been announced.
It seems this new visual identity has not yet made its way to the Keytrade Bank subsidiaries: Keytrade Bank Nederland, Keytrade Bank Lux and Strateo (Switzerland).

### Slogans

* "To the daring" (Vive les audacieux) - from 1 September 2014.
* "L'évolution est en marche"
* "Quand on aime, on compte"
# Quta Willk'i

Quta Willk'i (Aymara quta lake, willk'i gap, "lake gap", also spelled Kkota Willkki) is a 4,595-metre-high (15,075 ft) mountain in the Chilla-Kimsa Chata mountain range in the Andes of Bolivia. It lies in the La Paz Department, Ingavi Province, Guaqui Municipality. Quta Willk'i is situated north-west of the mountain Wanq'uni, north-east of Tanqa Tanqani and south-east of Qala Waxrani.
# Semi-solid flow battery

A semi-solid flow battery is a type of flow battery using solid battery active materials or involving solid species in the energy carrying fluid. A research team in MIT proposed this concept using lithium-ion battery materials. In such a system, both positive (cathode) and negative electrode (anode) consist of active material particles with carbon black suspended in liquid electrolyte. Active material suspensions are stored in two energy storage tanks. The suspensions are pumped into the electrochemical reaction cell when charging and discharging. This design takes advantage of both the designing flexibility of flow batteries and the high energy density active materials of lithium-ion batteries.

## Flow Mode and Chemistries

Two different flow modes were explored, intermittent flow mode and continuous flow mode. In an intermittent flow mode, suspensions are pumped into the electrochemical reaction cell in a batch basis and a new batch is pumped in only after the previous batch has been fully charged/discharged. In a continuous flow mode, however, the suspensions are continuously pumped through the electrochemical reaction cell during the charge/discharge process. By using lithium-ion battery active materials, the energy density of the flow battery system can be significantly improved. An aqueous system was also demonstrated besides the organic one. Other chemistries have also been explored for this system, such as sodium-ion battery, lithium-sulfur battery, and others.

## System Developments
### Solid Dispersion Flow Battery

Despite the significant advantage of such a system, one key limitation was the high viscosity, which makes the power consumption for pumping very high, hence decreasing the energy efficiency. Another research team in University of Virginia reported a carbon-free flow battery system. In this new system, also called Solid Dispersion Flow Battery, a new reaction mechanism was discovered with electrochemical reactions occurring based on particle collisions.

### Redox Targeting Flow Battery

Another approach is to pump the liquid phase only, leaving the solid active materials in the energy storage tanks. A research group reported redox targeting flow battery. There are redox targeting materials dissolved in the electrolyte and electrochemical reactions occur between the dissolved species. The solid materials are then been chemically oxidized or reduced. By keeping solid materials in the tanks, only the liquid electrolyte is being pumped. This saves the pumping energy although the voltage efficiency is sacrificed.
# Florence Hummerston Kiosk

The Florence Hummerston Kiosk is a building located at Elizabeth Quay in Perth, Western Australia. The kiosk was originally located on the Perth Esplanade, until being relocated to an islet at Elizabeth Quay. Originally constructed in 1928 as a tearoom, the kiosk was also known as the Esplanade Kiosk in addition to other names and has hosted various tenants. In 1985 it was renamed after former City of Perth councillor Florence Hummerston.

## History
### Construction

The kiosk was originally built on reclaimed land on the northern side of the Esplanade Reserve and replaced a grandstand that had been built in 1885. It was designed by Louis Bowser Cumpston in what was described by its heritage assessment as "a fine example of the Federation Arts and Crafts style, composed of interlocking octagonal forms with elliptical arched windows". The building was constructed as a tearoom and changing room for the adjoining sporting facilities.
The building was approved in mid-1928 and construction was completed for a December 1928 opening. It was built for a cost of A£5,991, about AU$1,092,000 today.

### Later uses

The building has been altered at times by the Perth City Council and has hosted various tenants. Over time it has also been known as the Esplanade Kiosk, the Esplanade Tearooms for most of the 1940s and 1950s, the Silver Dragon Restaurant and Steak House (late 1960s), Annabella's Nightclub (1977–1980), the Salvation Army youth drop-in centre The Converted Duke (1982–1985), as well as the Florence Hummerston Day Care Centre (1985–1998). Before its relocation to Elizabeth Quay, the kiosk was then-occupied by the upscale Grand Palace Chinese restaurant.
With the redevelopment of Esplanade Reserve in the early 1970s, the change rooms and public toilets were redesigned internally.

### Relocation

Plans for the 2012 redevelopment of the Esplanade area included dismantling the original building and moving it elsewhere. The newer additions to the building (with lesser heritage values) would be demolished. The kiosk was deconstructed in 2012 to make way for the excavation of the Elizabeth Quay site and was placed into storage.
In November 2012, the Western Australian government confirmed the kiosk would be reconstructed on an island at the Elizabeth Quay project. In March 2015 the government stated the relocation had cost A$11 million. The cost included a A$7 million compensation payout to the operator of the Grand Palace Chinese restaurant who had a 44-year lease on the building. In June 2017, the government confirmed the final total cost for the relocation was A$16 million after it was revealed the compensation payout was much higher than originally stated.
Elizabeth Quay was officially opened on 29 January 2016, with the kiosk reopening on 2 September 2016. As of May 2023, the kiosk houses a hospitality complex known as The Island at Elizabeth Quay, which includes a microbrewery, restaurant, kiosk, brew garden, outdoor music stage, pizzeria, and a playground for children.
# Gar Kud

Gar Kud (Persian: گرکدو, also Romanized as Garkadou; also known as Bakhshī, Gar-e Kadū, Gar Kadū, and Gar Kodū) is a village in Doshman Ziari Rural District, Doshman Ziari District, Mamasani County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 161, in 47 families.
# Marian Horsley

Marian Horsley née Edith Marian Bagshaw Mann (1893-1958) was an English badminton player. She came to prominence whilst still at school and with a reputation as a fitness fanatic gained 24 England caps. She competed in the All England Championships winning two titles in 1929 and 1931. Twenty years later she won the Berks, Bucks and Oxon title four times, the last aged 60.
She married Reginald John Horsley in 1916 and played as Mrs Horsley afterwards.

## Medal Record at the All England Badminton Championships

| Year | Event |
| 1923 | Women's singles |
| 1926 | Women's doubles |
| 1929 | Mixed doubles |
| 1929 | Women's doubles |
| 1930 | Women's doubles |
| 1931 | Women's doubles |
| 1931 | Mixed doubles |
| 1933 | Mixed doubles |
| 1934 | Mixed doubles |
| 1938 | Women's doubles |
# Charles F. West (politician)

Charles Franklin West (January 12, 1895 – December 27, 1955) was an American educator and politician who served two terms as a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1931 to 1935.

## Biography

West was born in Mount Vernon, Ohio. he received his education at local schools, and in later years, graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University in 1918 and enrolled at Harvard University in 1920. Between the years of 1924 and 1930, he served as a professor of political science at Denison University.
West was nominated, and elected as a Democrat to the seventy second and seventy-third congresses, he took up this role between March 4, 1931 and January 3, 1935. West had an unsuccessful nomination to become the United States Senator, however despite this failing to succeed, West continued other roles including delegate to the Democratic National Convention, among other careers at different times. Between 1940 and 1947, West engaged in unknown private business, only to leave this and become a professor at Akron University. West received the Democratic nomination to the eighty-fourth congress, but withdrew before the election. he died in Bradenton, Florida, aged 60.
# Deucalion (disambiguation)

Deucalion is the son of Prometheus, survivor of the Deucalian flood.
Deucalion may also refer to:

## Person

* In Greek mythology, see Deucalion (mythology)

## Science and technology

* 53311 Deucalion, a trans-Neptunian object
* Deucalion, a red alga genus in the family Wrangeliaceae
* Deucalion (beetle), a beetle in the family Cerambycidae
* Deucalion, a supercomputer in Portugal

## Ships

* MV Deucalion, a refrigerated cargo ship that was sunk in 1942 during Operation Pedestal
* USS Deucalion (AR-15), a repair ship built for the United States Navy during World War II

## Fiction

* Deucalion (novel), a 1995 novel by Brian Caswell
* Deucalion, one of the names of the main character from Dean Koontz and Kevin J. Anderson's series of novels, Dean Koontz's Frankenstein
* Deucalion, a vampiric bloodline in the role-playing game Vampire: The Requiem
* Deucalion, the name of a dragon in Dianna Wynne Jones book Dark Lord of Derkholm
* Deucalion, the name of a fictional spaceship in Kiddy Grade
* Deucalion, the name of a werewolf in Teen Wolf (2011 TV series)
* Deucalion, the name of the hotel where Morrgian Crow of The Nevermoor series lives in
# Clyde F. Bel Jr.

Clyde Francis Bel Jr. (June 11, 1932 – September 6, 2014) was an American politician. He served as a Democratic member for the 28th and 90th district of the Louisiana House of Representatives.
Bel was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, the son of Carmelita Killelea and Clyde F. Bel Sr., a politician. He attended the Jesuit High School, graduating in 1951. He then attended Louisiana State University. In 1968, Bel was elected for the 28th district of the Louisiana House of Representatives. He was succeeded by Thomas A. Casey in 1972. In 1976, Bel was elected for the 90th district, succeeded Casey and being succeeded by Mary Landrieu in 1980.
He died in September 2014, at the age of 82.
# Doris Brennan Weir

Doris Brennan Weir (May 10, 1921 – October 13, 1988) was an American swimmer.

## Biography

Weir was born in Providence, Rhode Island. She graduated from Sargent College in 1942 and later taught at Classical High School and the University of New Hampshire.
Weir began training at the Olneyville Boys' Club at age 11 and won various events in the New England Junior and Senior Swimming Championships, ranging from 100 yards to 3.5 miles. She qualified for the 1940 Summer Olympics, which were cancelled due to WWII.
In 1937, Weir won the 500-yard freestyle National Championship in Chicago.
Weir is included in both the Boston University and Rhode Island Heritage Hall of Fame and was involved in the McDermott Indoor Pool project in Warwick, Rhode Island.
# Marion Saunders

Marion Saunders (born 1960), is a female former diver who competed for Great Britain and England. Saunders represented Great Britain at the 1980 Summer Olympics. She also represented England in the 10 metres platform, at the 1978 Commonwealth Games in Christchurch, New Zealand.
# B. Frank Whelchel

Benjamin Frank Whelchel (December 16, 1895 – May 11, 1954) was a U.S. Representative from Georgia.
Born in Lumpkin County, near Gainesville, Georgia, Whelchel attended the public schools. He studied law privately in Gainesville, Georgia. He was admitted to the bar in 1925 and commenced the practice of law in Gainesville, Georgia. He served as judge of the city court of Hall County 1932–1934.
Whelchel was elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-fourth and to the four succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1935 – January 3, 1945). He was not a candidate for renomination in 1944. He resumed the practice of law. He died in Gainesville, Georgia, May 11, 1954. He was interred in West View Abbey, Atlanta, Georgia.