OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bruce A. Stone

Bruce Arthur Stone AM (4 December 1928 – 29 June 2008) was an Australian biochemist and the foundation Professor of Biochemistry at La Trobe University.
Born in 1928, Stone earned a B.Sc. from the University of Melbourne in 1948, majoring in chemistry and biochemistry. In 1951, he received training in mycological taxonomy at the Commonwealth Mycological Institute in Kew, UK, which he disliked. He pursued his Ph.D. studies at University College, London, graduating in 1954. He held postdoctoral positions in Ottawa and London. He then joined the Russell Grimwade School of Biochemistry, University of Melbourne, in 1958 and later became the first Professor of Biochemistry at La Trobe University, where he served from 1972 until his official retirement in 1995. Nick Hoogenraad wrote of him: “Bruce built his department with a strong focus on research and from his staff demanded nothing but the best. A comment to a staff member seen arriving at work at 9:30am of 'did you bring the Herald' was taken as more than a throw away line."
Stone's primary research interest was in the chemistry and biochemistry of plant polysaccharides, particularly in cereals and grasses. His work had applications in agriculture, horticulture, cereal grain quality, and human and ruminant nutrition. His special focus on the plant cell wall polysaccharide callose and related (1–3)-beta-D-glucans dates back to his Ph.D. studies and continued at the University of Melbourne under Victor Trikojus from around 1960.
Stone died after a protracted battle with cancer in 2008. His legacy continues through the B.A. Stone Award for Excellence in Plant Polysaccharide Biochemistry.
# John Acker (Pennsylvania politician)

John Acker (November 1814 – January 17, 1904) was an American politician from Pennsylvania. He served in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing Chester County in 1850 and 1852.

## Early life

John Acker was born on November 26 or 29, 1814, in Uwchlan Township, Pennsylvania, to Catharine (née Laubach) and John Acker. His father was a farmer. Acker attended neighborhood schools and Joseph Hoopes's school in West Chester.

## Career

As a young man, Acker took up farming. In 1850, he joined a grain, coal and lumber business in East Whiteland Township. He stayed with the business until 1876. In 1876, he moved to Kentucky and started a fruit growing and nursery business. In 1896, he moved back to West Chester.
Acker was a Whig and Republican. In 1840, he was elected justice of the peace and remained in that role for 10 years. He served as a Whig in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing Chester County in 1850 and 1852. He also served as the judge, inspector and clerk of elections.

## Personal life

Acker married Lydia Harrar, daughter of William Harrar, of Montgomery County on April 13, 1837. They had five children, Catherine, William, Caroline (died 1878), Elenor and Mary. His wife died in 1864. He married Mary L. Weaver, daughter of Baldwin Weaver, on November 28, 1867. She died in 1898. His cousin Isaac Acker was a member of the Pennsylvania House.
Acker died on January 17, 1904, at his home at 322 North High Street in West Chester.
# George Hough Bucher

George Horter Bucher (1797-1884) was an American politician from Pennsylvania who represented the 14th and 18th districts of the Pennsylvania Senate from 1863 to 1866 as a Democrat.

## Biography

George Hough Bucher was born June 15, 1797, in Leukens Valley in Dauphin County to Johann Jacob and Susannah Margaret Horter. He graduated from the Dauphin County Latin School and the Harrisburg Academy before working in merchandising and moved to Hogestown in Cumberland County in 1836. He was elected as a Democrat to the 14th District of the Pennsylvania Senate in 1862, serving from 1863 to 1865 when he got redistricted to the 18th District. He married twice, first to Rebecca Pool who died in 1829 without any children, and a second time to Hanna Hough. The couple had four children: Robert Allen Bucher, Ellen Bucher Cresswell, Clare Maria Bucher Scott, and Hannah Cordelia Bucher Ployer. George Hough Bucher died on Thanksgiving, November 27, 1884 in Mechanicsburg where he is interred in the Chestnut Hill Cemetery.
# Nivala

Nivala (formerly known as Pidisjärvi) is a town and municipality of Finland. It is located in the Northern Ostrobothnia region. The town has a population of 10,383 (31 October 2024) and covers an area of 536.88 square kilometres (207.29 sq mi) of which 8.92 km$^2$ (3.44 sq mi) is water. The population density is 19.69 inhabitants per square kilometre (51.0/sq mi). The municipality is unilingually Finnish.
The subject of Nivala's coat of arms describes the wooden gate model typical of the municipality, and at the same time the shape of the gate resembles the initial letter of the name of the municipality. The coat of arms was designed by Kalervo Kallio, the son of president Kyösti Kallio, and the Nivala municipal council approved it at its meeting on 23 November 1964. The Ministry of the Interior approved the coat of arms for use on 4 February 1965.

## Geography

Neighbouring municipalities are Haapajärvi, Haapavesi, Sievi, and Ylivieska.

### Nature

The Kalajoki river flows through the municipality. The biggest lake in the region is Pidisjärvi and the two other lakes are Suojärvi and Erkkisjärvi.

## Notable people

* Kyösti Kallio, the fourth President of Finland (1937–1940), was a resident of Nivala.
* Rakel Liehu, writer
* Maria Lohela, former Speaker of the Parliament of Finland (2015–2018)
* Atte Ohtamaa, hockey player
# James Lowrey

James Lowrey (September 10, 1802 – November 30, 1875) was an American lawyer and Democratic politician.
Lowrey, youngest child of Daniel and Anna (Munson) Lowrey, was born in that part of Farmington which is now Plainville, Connecticut., September 10, 1802.
He graduated from Yale College in 1824. He went to Wellsboro, Pennsylvania., as the principal of the academy, and there studied law, and entered into partnership with Hon. Ellis Lewis. He served as a Democratic member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for the sessions of 1853 and 1854, representing Tioga County. He retired from the practice of law several years before his death, and removed to Burlington, New Jersey, where he died November 30, 1875, aged 73 years.
In 1830, he married Mary W. Morris (daughter of Samuel Wells Morris), who survived him.
# Jesse Matlack

Jesse Matlack (April 21, 1821 – April 5, 1893) was an American politician from Pennsylvania. He served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing Chester County from 1877 to 1880.

## Early life

Jesse Matlack was born on April 21, 1821, in Milltown, East Goshen Township, Pennsylvania, to Phoebe (née Hoopes) and Isaiah Matlack. He studied at common schools and Hoopes' Boarding School in West Chester.

## Career

After his father's death in 1830, Matlack received the 234 acres (95 ha) family farm and a hotel in Milltown called "Sheaf of Wheat" (later the Milltown Hotel). He served as tax collector, assessor, auditor, school director and justice of the peace of East Goshen Township for three terms. In 1849, he was appointed postmaster of Milltown.
Matlack was a Republican. He served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing Chester County from 1877 to 1880.

## Personal life

Matlack married Phoebe Bishop, of Delaware County on March 4, 1854. They had four children, Rebecca, Phoebe, Anna and Mary. His wife died in 1861. He married Martha A. Steele, daughter of Peter Steele, on June 16, 1866. They had two children, Joseph E. and Emma W. He was a deacon, trustee, clerk and Sunday school superintendent of Goshen Baptist Church.
Matlack died on April 5, 1893, in East Goshen Township. He was buried at Goshen Friends Burial Ground.
# Robert L. McClellan

Robert L. McClellan (October 20, 1822 – February 5, 1889) was an American politician and dentist from Pennsylvania. He was a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing Chester County from 1862 to 1864. He served as a member of the Pennsylvania Senate from 1875 to 1876.

## Early life and education

Robert L. McClellan was born on October 20, 1822, in West Brandywine Township, Pennsylvania.
McClellan studied dentistry with Sharpless Clayton for fifteen months starting in April 1847. He later graduated from Philadelphia College of Dental Surgery with a DDS.

## Career

After his training, McClellan worked as an assistant with William H. Thompson of Coatesville and Robert W. McKissick of Cochranville. He started his own dentistry practice after McKissick died in early 1851. He then practiced in Cochranville.
McClellan was a Republican. He was a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing Chester County from 1862 to 1864. In 1863, he was elected as a Union Republican. He was chairman of the educational committee and in 1864, he introduced the bill to create the Pennsylvania Soldiers' Orphans' Schools. In 1872, he was a candidate to be a member of the state constitutional convention, but lost to William Darlington. He was elected to the Pennsylvania Senate, serving from 1875 to 1876. In 1878, he was a candidate for auditor general. In 1888, he was a candidate for the Pennsylvania Senate against A. D. Harlan.

## Personal life

McClellan was an elder of Fogg's Manor Presbyterian Church.
McClellan died of pneumonia on February 5, 1889, in Cochranville. He was interred in Upper Octorara Church Cemetery in Parkesburg.
# Pterolophia tuberculatithorax

Pterolophia tuberculatithorax is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Maurice Pic in 1926.
# NHPC Khavda Solar Power Plant

NHPC Khavda Solar Power Plant is an under-construction photovoltaic power station in Kutch, India.

## History

The 200 MW planned solar power plant is being built by the state-owned NHPC at Gujarat Hybrid Renewable Energy Park. In 2023, NHPC became one of the four winning participants in securing a part of a 1200 MW solar project in the area via a tender released by Gujarat Urja Vikas Nigam Limited.
As per recent media reports, the estimated cost of the project would be around ₹1,007.60 crore (US$120 million).
# William M. Appleton

William M. Appleton (August 23, 1920 – October 6, 2001) was a Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.
# William E. Duffield

William Ewing Duffield (January 7, 1922 – January 14, 2001) was a member of the Pennsylvania State Senate, serving from 1971 to 1978.
Duffield placed two ghost employees on the payroll and mailed them paychecks. He was sentenced to six months in prison for 11 counts of mail fraud in 1981.
# Landay (poetry)

The Landay (Pashto: لنډۍ) is a traditional Afghan poetic form consisting of a single couplet. There are nine syllables in the first line, and thirteen syllables in the second. These short poems typically address themes of love, grief, homeland, war, and separation. The poetic form, traditionally sung aloud, was likely brought into Afghanistan by Aryan nomads thousands of years ago. "Landay," in Pashto, means "short, poisonous snake", likely an allusion to its minimal length and use of sarcasm.

## Pronunciation/Etymology

In Pashto, "landay (LAND-ee)" means "short, poisonous snake," likely an allusion to its minimal length and use of sarcasm. Landays (or landai) often criticize traditions and gender roles.

## History

Afghan culture values literature very highly, particularly classical Persian literature and Pashto literature and poetry.

## Form

There are few formal properties. Each landay consists of a single, twenty-two syllable couplet. There are nine syllables in the first lines, and thirteen syllables in the second. In Pashto, the poem ends on a "ma" or "na" sound. The lines do not generally rhyme.
They are thought to be related to shloka.
Like the couplets of a ghazal, landai in sequence work "independently and sometimes can be grouped with others according to subject matter."

## Themes

* War (Pashto: jang)
* Separation (biltoon)
* Patriotism (watan)
* Grief (gham)
* Love (meena)

## Important Poets

* Rahila Muska
* Malalai

## Examples

* I Am the Beggar of the World by Eliza Griswold

## Footnotes

* ↑ "Landays". 18 November 2021.
* ↑ "Landay Poetry in Afghanistan".
# Pencak Silat Harimau

Pencak Silat Harimau also known as Silat Harimau (Minangkabau: Silek Harimau) is a Minangkabau style of pencak silat originating from West Sumatra, Indonesia. Silat Harimau has movements that are used to resemble the technique and philosophy of a tiger. Silat harimau has agile techniques and beautiful movements. However, behind these techniques and movements, there are various deadly attacks that are applied to immobilize the enemy very quickly.
This movement is known to be quite painful and makes the opponent unable to move and can only lie down with a body that cannot fight back. In addition, Silat Harimau also uses claws as a weapon to attack his opponent. The claws aim at the neck, face and vital parts of the opponent. This technique is a characteristic that does not exist in other Pencak silat.

## History

Silat Harimau is a variation of silek, a type of Indonesian pencak silat that originates from the Minangkabau culture in West Sumatra. Silat Harimau was first created in the Pariangan area, in 1119 by Datuk Suri Dirajo. At that time, Datuk Suri Diarjo trained the royal troops with various different silat styles, because in ancient times the silat troops often faced one-on-one, one-on-three, or one-on-four battles. The main key for a fighter to win the battle is to defeat the enemy head-on as quickly as possible.

## Movement

The Silat Harimau movement belongs to the "campa tiger" movement which is the result of a combination with immigrants from Champa with a characteristic close combat style of fighting, where during battle, the fighters are immediately positioned in the front row. This style will in the future become the forerunner to the establishment of Silek Harimau which was taught by Edwel Yusri Datuak Rajo Gampo Alam.

## Clothing

The clothes used for Silat Harimau are black clothes which are better known as "endong" or "galembong". This black itself has the meaning of "tahan tapo" (resistant to exposure) and black clothes are better for silek than white clothes that quickly look dirty. Silek clothes are made loose on the thighs to make it easier for Pesilek to make movements to be more flexible and agile. Movements such as jumping and there are some acrobatic movements. And there is also such a thing as "deta", the name for a typical Minangkabay headband that is shaped like a horn of various patterns attached to the head.

## Weapon

The typical weapon of Silat Harimau is a small hand-held knife shaped like a tiger's claw. The western world calls it Karambit and in Indonesia it is called Kerambit / Karambiak. This weapon is the original weapon of the Minangkabau people. This weapon is dangerous because it can be used to slash or tear the opponent's limbs quickly and undetected. Karambit is deliberately designed to be more curved like a tiger's claw, after seeing a tiger fight with its claws, this is in line with the Minangkabau philosophy which says that "Alam takambang jadi guru". This Karambit weapon is commonly used in Tiger Silat because it symbolizes the claws and some use a knife which symbolizes the fangs of a tiger.
# Vũ Đức Đam

Vũ Đức Đam (born 3 February 1963) is a Vietnamese politician who served as one of the Deputy Prime Ministers of Vietnam from 2013 until his sacking in 2023. A long-time assistant to the economic reformer Võ Văn Kiệt, Đam previously served as Chairman of the People's Committee (Governor) of Quảng Ninh province and as Minister of the Government Office prior to being appointed deputy prime minister, where he was in charge of the Science and Technology, Information and Communication, Tourism and Sports portfolio. He was also the Chairman of the National Committee for AIDS and the Prevention of Drug Addiction and Prostitution.
Born in Hải Dương Province, he was educated at the Vietnam National Academy of Public Administration. Đam was considered to be one of the promising members of the Vietnamese government.
On 30 December 2022, he was voted out of the 13th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam. Đam stepped down from his position as deputy prime minister on 5 January 2023 after the National Assembly selected a successor. His dismissal came after the November 2022 arrest of Nguyễn Văn Trịnh, who was then Đam's ministerial assistant, for his role in the Việt Á scandal involving overpricing and bribery of COVID-19 test kit worth $172 million.

## Professional career

October 1988 – October 1990: an engineer of the Post Technical Trading and Service Company under the General Department of Post;
October 1990 – February 1992: a staff of the Department for Technical Development and Foreign Relations under the Viet Nam Post and Telecommunications Group
March 1992 – April 1993: a staff of the Office of the General Department of Post;
April 1993 – October 1994: Deputy Director of the Department on Science-Technology and International Cooperation under the General Department of Post;
October 1994 – November 1995: Deputy Director of the Department on International Relations, the Office of the Government;
November 1995 – August 1996: Acting Director, then Director of the ASEAN Department, the Office of the Government;
August 1996 – March 2003: Secretary, then assistant to former Prime Minister Vo Van Kiet;
March 2003 – August 2005: Vice Chairman, Permanent Vice Chairman of the Bac Ninh Provincial People’s Committee;
August 2005 – November 2007: Deputy Minister of Post-Telecommunication;
November 2007 – May 2008: Permanent Vice Chairman of the Quang Ninh Provincial People’s Committee;
5 May 2008 – 6 August 2010: Chairman of the Quang Ninh Provincial People’s Committee;
August 2010 – August 2011: Secretary of the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee;
August 2011 – November 2013: Minister of the Office of the Government;
13 November 2013 – 5 January 2023: Deputy Prime Minister of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

## Education

He graduated from the Université Libre de Bruxelles in 1988 and earned a PhD in Economics from the Institute of World Economics and Politics, Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences in 1994. He is fluent in English and French.
# Qhapaqa

Qhapaqa (Aymara for king or sir; rich, Hispanicized spelling Capaja) is a 5,056-metre-high (16,588 ft) mountain in the Andes of Bolivia. It lies in the Oruro Department, Sajama Province, in the north of the Turco Municipality. Qhapaqa is situated south of Yaritani and northeast of Chuqil Qamiri.
# József Piroska

József Piroska (born 20 July 1930) is a Hungarian former alpine skier. He competed in two events at the 1952 Winter Olympics.
# Metacemyia calloti

Metacemyia calloti is a species of fly in the family Tachinidae. It is a parasitoid of Anacridium aegyptium.

## Distribution

Corse, Italy, Malta, Spain, Turkey, France, Israel, Tunisia, Senegal, Tanzania, U.A. Emirates, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
# Audun Heimdal

Audun Heimdal (8 February 1997 – 20 August 2022) was a Norwegian orienteering and ski orienteering competitor.

## Biography

Heimdal won a silver medal in the middle distance at the 2019 World Ski Orienteering Championships. He also won a gold medal in pursuit and a silver medal in sprint at the 2021 World Ski Orienteering Championships. Competing at the 2021 World Orienteering Championships, he won a silver medal in the mixed sprint relay, along with Victoria Hæstad Bjørnstad, Kasper Fosser and Andrine Benjaminsen.
Heimdal was diagnosed with cancer in 2022 and died on 20 August, at the age of 25.
# Mary Lundby

Mary Adelaide Lundby (February 2, 1948 – January 17, 2009) was a state Senator from the Iowa's 18th District. She served in the Iowa Senate from 1995 to 2009, serving as Minority Leader from 2006 to 2007 and as Co-Majority Leader in 2006. She also served in the Iowa House of Representatives from 1987 to 1995, serving as Speaker pro Tempore from 1992 to 1994. Prior to her election to the Iowa House, Lundby had served as the co-chair of the Linn County Republican party, as a member of the Linn County Republican Central Committee, and as staff assistant to then-senator Roger Jepsen. She graduated from Upper Iowa University, majoring in Political Science and History.
Lundby served on several committees in the Iowa Senate - the Government Oversight committee; the Natural Resources and Environment committee; and the Rules and Administration committee.
Lundby was re-elected in 2004 with 20,686 votes (60%), defeating Democratic opponent Lorna Richards. Lundby didn't run for re-election in 2008, opting to run for Linn County supervisor instead. In June 2008, Lundby withdrew from the supervisor race, as her cancer had returned.
Lundby died on January 17, 2009, after a three-year battle with cervical cancer.
Her son, Daniel Lundby, was elected to the Iowa House of Representatives in 2012 as a Democrat.
# Dronning Juliana Maria (1780 DAC ship)

Dronning Juliana Maria (also spelled Dronning Juliane Maria and Dronning Juliane Marie) was a Chinaman ship of the Danish Asiatic Company, built in 1780. She was the company's third ship with this name. She sailed on four expeditions to Canton. She wrecked in the Chinese North Sea on 23–24 September 1790.

## Origins

She was built in 1780 in Copenhagen.

## Career
### 1781-1782

She was captained by Christian Rasmussen Schifter (1741–1785) on her first expedition to Canton in 1781–1782. Her travel pass was issued in November 1780. She set sail from Copenhagen in January. Adolf Fridrich Restorff was on board the ship as a passenger.
She called at Tranquebar on 28 June 1781. The ship's protocol (kept by Schifter) covers the period 15 December 1780 – 31 August 1782.
Christian Rasmussen Schifter was the father of naval officer and ship builder at Nyholm Andreas Schifter (1779–1852),merchant (grosserer) Rasmus Schifter (1769–1818), and headmistress of Døtreskolen Bolette Cathrine Schifter (1781–1825). Their younger sister Christine was married to the wealthy businessman Jacob Holm. Christian Schifter was a close friend of the sculptor Johannes Wiedewelt. Woedewelt created a marble monument for his grave after his death in 1785.

### 1783-1785

She was captained by Philip Chr. Fuglede (1748–1816) on her second expedition to Canton in 1783–1785. The ship's protocol (4 April 1783 – 28 July 1785) was kept by master (styrmand) Mariager.
In his diary, on 5 January 1783, Bolle Luxdorph mentions a ship, Juliana Maria, which has become dismasted during a storm in Sweden. If it is the same ship, it may have delayed her departure.
Philip Chr. Fuglede was born at Daurupgård to Councillor of Justice justitsråd N. H. Fuglede. He made his first voyage to Vanton on board the first Dronning Juliana Maria in 1764–66.

### 1786-1788

She was captained by Jesper Winther on her third expedition to Canton in 1786–1788. Ludvig Wittrog served as supercargp on the expedition. The ship's protocol (kept by Winther) covers the period 15 November 1786 – 2 August 1788.

## Fate

Dronning Juliana Maria was captained by Jens Lassenius Kirksteen (1842–1792) on her next expedition to China. On the 23–24 September 1790, she wrecked in the Chinese North Sea. The American frigate Massachusetts was subsequently bought by the company for the return voyage. The name of the lost ship was transferred to her successor.
# Ioannes IV

Ioannes IV (Ancient Greek: Ἰωάννης Δ΄, Iōannēs D΄) may refer to:
* Patriarch John IV of Constantinople (died in 595)
* John IV, Archbishop of Ohrid (c. 1088 – 1163/64)
* John IV Laskaris (1250–c. 1305)
* John IV Megas Komnenos (c. 1403–1459), emperor of Trebizond