# Neptune Beach, Florida

Neptune Beach is a beachfront city east of Jacksonville in Duval County, Florida, United States. When the majority of Duval County communities consolidated with Jacksonville in 1968, Neptune Beach, along with Jacksonville Beach, Atlantic Beach and Baldwin remained quasi-independent. Like those other municipalities, it maintains its own municipal government but its residents vote in the Jacksonville mayoral election and are represented on the Jacksonville city council. The population was 7,217 at the 2020 census. Neptune Beach is the smallest of the Jacksonville Beaches communities. it is part of the Jacksonville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## History

Neptune Beach was originally part of Jacksonville Beach. Through its development, the part of Jacksonville Beach north of 20th Avenue North was sparsely populated, with a brick road (First Street) connecting the more populated southern area with Atlantic Beach. The name "Neptune Beach" originated in 1922 with Dan G. Wheeler, one of the few residents. Wheeler had a home at what is now One Ocean Hotel (now in Atlantic Beach), and had to walk all the way home from Mayport each evening after taking the Florida East Coast Railway train home from work in Jacksonville. A friend who worked for the railroad informed Wheeler that if he had a station, the train would have to stop for him, so Wheeler built his own train station near his home and named it Neptune.
Neptune seceded from Jacksonville Beach and incorporated as its own municipality in 1931, following a tax revolt. The comparatively few residents of the area were largely cut off from Jacksonville Beach city services such as police, fire, garbage collection, and road developments, though they paid taxes in equal share. The first mayor was O. O. McCollum, and the government met in Wheeler's old train station until a new town hall was completed in 1935.

## Geography

Neptune Beach is located at 30°18′42.87″N 81°23′47.30″W﻿ / ﻿30.3119083°N 81.3964722°W﻿ / 30.3119083; -81.3964722 (30.3119080, -81.3964734).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.850 square miles (17.74 km$^2$), of which, 2.337 square miles (6.05 km$^2$) is land and 4.513 square miles (11.69 km$^2$) (65.96%) is water.
Neptune Beach is one of several towns on San Pablo Island, which stretches through two counties (Duval and St. Johns) and extends from Naval Station Mayport at its northern tip to Vilano Beach in the south, across from St. Augustine.

## Transportation
### Major highways

* SR A1A
* SR 10

## Demographics

As of the 2022 American Community Survey, there are 3,020 estimated households in Neptune Beach with an average of 2.23 persons per household. The city has a median household income of $109,375. Approximately 2.2% of the city's population lives at or below the poverty line. Neptune Beach has an estimated 73.8% employment rate, with 59.6% of the population holding a bachelor's degree or higher and 97.0% holding a high school diploma.
The top five reported ancestries (people were allowed to report up to two ancestries, thus the figures will generally add to more than 100%) were English (94.2%), Spanish (5.0%), Indo-European (0.5%), Asian and Pacific Islander (0.0%), and Other (0.4%).
The median age in the city was 44.4 years.

### 2020 census

Neptune Beach, Florida – racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / ethnicity (NH = non-Hispanic) | Pop. 2000 | Pop. 2010 | Pop. 2020 | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 6,878 | 6,464 | 6,302 | 94.61% | 91.86% | 87.32% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 53 | 84 | 73 | 0.73% | 1.19% | 1.01% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 27 | 23 | 19 | 0.37% | 0.33% | 0.26% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 75 | 58 | 85 | 1.03% | 0.82% | 1.18% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 4 | 1 | 7 | 0.06% | 0.01% | 0.10% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 3 | 14 | 29 | 0.04% | 0.20% | 0.40% |
| Mixed race or multiracial (NH) | 78 | 115 | 320 | 1.07% | 1.63% | 4.43% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 152 | 278 | 382 | 2.09% | 3.95% | 5.29% |
| Total | 7,270 | 7,037 | 7,217 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
As of the 2020 census, there were 7,217 people, 3,237 households, and 1,973 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,088.1 inhabitants per square mile (1,192.3/km$^2$). There were 3,500 housing units at an average density of 1,497.6 per square mile (578.2/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the city was 88.76% White, 1.05% African American, 0.30% Native American, 1.23% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 1.14% from some other races and 7.41% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 5.29% of the population. 15.7% of residents were under the age of 18, 4.1% were under 5 years of age, and 19.5% were 65 and older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.9% male and 51.1% female.

### 2010 census

As of the 2010 census, there were 7,037 people, 3,192 households, and 1,771 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,017.6 inhabitants per square mile (1,165.1/km$^2$). There were 3,493 housing units at an average density of 1,497.9 per square mile (578.3/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the city was 94.59% White, 1.21% African American, 0.36% Native American, 0.97% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.78% from some other races and 2.07% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 3.95% of the population.

### 2000 census

As of the 2000 census, there were 7,270 people, 3,282 households, and 1,857 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,968.8 inhabitants per square mile (1,146.3/km$^2$). There were 3,472 housing units at an average density of 1,417.9 per square mile (547.5/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the city was 96.08% White, 0.73% African American, 0.40% Native American, 1.03% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.52% from some other races and 1.18% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 2.09% of the population.
In 2000, there were 3,282 households, out of which 24.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.9% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.4% were non-families. 31.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.85.
In 2000, in the city, the population was spread out, with 19.3% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 33.3% from 25 to 44, 26.9% from 45 to 64, and 12.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.7 males.
In 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $53,576, and the median income for a family was $65,684. Males had a median income of $43,431 versus $30,264 for females. The per capita income for the city was $30,525. About 1.9% of families and 2.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.8% of those under age 18 and 2.9% of those age 65 or over.

## Education

Duval County Public Schools operates public schools. Schools in Neptune Beach include:
* Neptune Beach Elementary School
* Duncan U. Fletcher Middle School
* Duncan U. Fletcher High School
Jacksonville Public Library operates the Beaches Branch in Neptune Beach.

## Gallery

* Neptune Beach City Hall
* Neptune Beach Elementary School
* Beaches Branch Library, Jacksonville Public Library
* Public Safety Building (Police Headquarters)
* Beaches Town Center Entrance at Neptune Beach Boundary
* Typical Dune Crossover at Beach Accesses in Neptune Beach