OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Shield and the Sword (film)

The Shield and the Sword (Russian: Щит и меч, romanized: Shchit i metch) is a 1968 Soviet spy television series in four parts directed by Vladimir Basov and produced by Mosfilm. Set during World War II, it is based on a novel by Vadim Kozhevnikov, who was Secretary of the Soviet Writers' Union.
The series was highly influential in the Soviet Union, inspiring many, including Vladimir Putin, to join the KGB.
The song What Does Motherland Begin With (С чего начинается Родина), sung by Mark Bernes, that was main musical theme of each film in the series, became well known in the USSR.

## Parts

* Part 1. No Right To Be Themselves (Без права быть собой)
* Part 2. The Order is: Survive (Приказано выжить)
* Part 3. Without Appeal (Обжалованию не подлежит)
* Part 4. The Last Frontier (Последний рубеж)

## Plot

The year is 1940 and Nazi Germany is at the height of its military power, having captured most of Europe and eyeing the Soviet Union to the East. The Soviet military command suspects hostile intent from Germany and so arranges for its spies to infiltrate ranks of the German military and the SS. Alexander Belov (Lyubshin) is a Soviet spy, who travels from Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic to Nazi Germany under an alias of Volksdeutsche Johann Weiss. His mastery of the German language, steel nerves and an ability to manipulate others help him to use his connections in the SS to ascend the ladder of the Abwehr and then in the SD. He uses his position to identify sympathetic Germans, who help him to procure vital intelligence, and to help local resistance movements in their collective fight against Nazism.

## Cast

* Stanislav Lyubshin as Alexander Belov / Johann Weiss
* Oleg Yankovsky as Heinrich Schwarzkopf
* Georgy Martyniuk as Aleksey Zubov / Alois Hagen
* Vladimir Basov as Bruno
* Alla Demidova as Angelika Buecher
* Juozas Budraitis as Dietrich
* Aleksey Glazyrin as Steinglitz
* Valentina Titova as Nina
* Natalia Velichko as Elsa
* Vladimir Balashov as Sonnenberg
* Algimantas Masiulis as Willi Schwarzkopf
* Nikolai Zasukhin as Papke
* Lev Polyakov as Gerlach
* Nikolay Grabbe as Deaf-mute Man
* Yelena Dobronravova as Deaf-mute Woman
* Vatslav Dvorzhetsky as Lansdorf
* Anatoly Kubatsky as Franz
* Nikolay Prokopovich as Schulz
* Kristina Lazar as Brigitte
* Valentin Smirnitsky as Andrey Basalyga / «Faza»
* Igor Bezyayev as «Rabbit»
* Vsevolod Safonov as «Nail»
* Vladimir Marenkov as «Ace»
* German Kachin as «Cartilage»
* Igor Yasulovich as «Goga»
* Radner Muratov as «Shaman»
* Konstantin Tyrtov as «Tit»
* Sergey Plotnikov as General Baryshev
* Inga Budkevich as Inga
* Uldis Dumpis as Luftwaffe Ace
* Helga Göring as Frau Dietmar
* Horst Preusker as Prof. Stutthoff
* Wojcech Duriasz as Jerzy Czyzewski
* Kurt-Mueller Reizner as Karl Kunert
* Silard Banki as Janos Molnar
* Vladimír Brabec as Jaromir Drobny
* Vladimir Osenev as Hitler
* Vyacheslav Dugin as Himmler
* Mikhail Sidorkin as Göring
# Jach'a Juqhu

Jach'a Juqhu (Aymara jach'a big, juqhu muddy place, quagmire, "big muddy place", also spelled Jachcha Jokho, Jachcha Jokko) is a mountain in the Cordillera Real in the Andes of Bolivia, about 5,192 metres (17,034 ft) high. It lies in the La Paz Department, Los Andes Province, Batallas Municipality. Jach'a Juqhu is situated south of the mountain Wari Umaña, south-west of Jisk'a Pata, north-west of Wila Lluxi and Warawarani, north of Qala T'uxu and north-east of Jach'a Qullu.
# Stephen J. McMahon

Stephen John McMahon (January 13, 1881 – February 14, 1960) was a judge of the United States Board of Tax Appeals (later the United States Tax Court) from 1929 to 1936, and a candidate for the United States Senate in 1938.
Born in Manitowoc County, Wisconsin, McMahon was raised on a farm in the town of Meeme, in that county. He graduated from Manitowoc High School in 1898 and attended Milwaukee Normal School before receiving a B.A. from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1903, followed by a law degree from the same institution in 1906. McMahon was a high school principal in Mount Horeb, Wisconsin and superintendent of schools at Black River Falls, Wisconsin, later serving as an assistant U.S. attorney for the Eastern District of Wisconsin and a member of the law school faculty at Marquette University.
In 1929, McMahon was appointed by President Herbert Hoover to a seat on the Board of Tax Appeals vacated by the resignation of Forest D. Siefkin. McMahon resigned from that position in 1936, and in 1938, he sought the Republican nomination for the U.S. Senate in Wisconsin, citing his experience on the Board as providing insight into the burdens of taxation. However, McMahon was unsuccessful, losing the nomination to Alexander Wiley, who would go on to win the general election.
From 1945 to 1948, McMahon served as a legal and economic specialist for the United States War Department, in Japan and Korea. Following this service, he moved to Washington, D.C., where he resided until his death. He died in his home, following a pulmonary collapse.
# Logan Long

Logan Lee Long (September 28, 1878 – September 30, 1933) was an American politician in the state of Washington. He served in the Washington House of Representatives from 1915 to 1927. He died in an accident in 1933.
# Ernie Blake

Ernie Blake (March 24, 1913 – January 14, 1989), originally Ernst Hermann Bloch, was the German-American founder, together with his wife Rhoda, of Taos Ski Valley, New Mexico. He was born in Germany, grew up in Switzerland and went to university in Germany and Switzerland before emigrating to the US in 1938. He worked for US military intelligence during World War II, when he assisted in the interrogation of the leading Nazis Hermann Göring and Albert Speer. His code name was Ernie Blake, and after the war, he chose it as his real name.
Always a keen skier, he met his future wife Rhoda whilst skiing in Vermont, and followed her to Santa Fe, New Mexico, where she was studying art. He was helping to run other ski areas and flying a small plane between them, when he spotted what was to become Taos Ski Valley.

## Early life

Blake was born Ernst Hermann Bloch in Frankfurt, Germany, in 1913, the son of Jenny (née Guggenheim), a Swiss mother and Adolph, a German father, who was an industrialist, and produced the raw material used to make felt hats. Ernst was a keen skater, and his mother introduced him to skiing.
He grew up close to the Swiss ski resort of St Moritz, and went to boarding school at the Lyceum Alpinum Zuoz in Zuoz, followed by a degree in history at the University of Frankfurt.

## Emigration to the US and World War II

In 1938, he emigrated to the United States. During World War II, he became a lieutenant in the United States army in military intelligence. He served in the European theatre, where he assisted in the interrogation of the leading Nazis Hermann Göring and Albert Speer.Ernie Blake was his code name during the war, and afterwards he chose it as his real name.

## Ski career

In December 1940 Blake met Rhoda Limburg at the top of a chairlift on Mount Mansfield in Stowe, Vermont. He followed her to Santa Fe, New Mexico, where she was studying art. They decided to marry in summer 1941. They had three children, Peter, Wendy and Mickey. By 1949, they had settled in Santa Fe. Blake was helping to run the Santa Fe ski area and the Glenwood Springs ski area in Colorado, traveling between them in a small plane he flew himself. As a result, he noticed the remote mountains 20 miles northeast of Taos and decided to start a ski area there. Blake was inducted into the US Ski Hall of Fame in 1987.

## Death

Blake died of pneumonia in Albuquerque on January 14, 1989.

## Legacy

In December 2013, the hedge fund billionaire Louis Bacon purchased Taos Ski Valley from the Blake family.
# Gonad

A gonad, sex gland, or reproductive gland is a mixed gland and sex organ that produces the gametes and sex hormones of an organism. Female reproductive cells are egg cells, and male reproductive cells are sperm. The male gonad, the testicle, produces sperm in the form of spermatozoa. The female gonad, the ovary, produces egg cells. Both of these gametes are haploid cells. Some hermaphroditic animals (and some humans‍— see Ovotesticular syndrome) have a type of gonad called an ovotestis.

## Evolution

It is hard to find a common origin for gonads, but gonads most likely evolved independently several times.

## Regulation

The gonads are controlled by luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), produced and secreted by gonadotropes or gonadotrophins in the anterior pituitary gland. This secretion is regulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) produced in the hypothalamus.

## Development

The gonads develop from three sources; the mesothelium, underlying mesenchyme and the primordial germ cells. Gonads start developing as a common primordium (an organ in the earliest stage of development), in the form of genital ridges, at the sixth week, which are only later differentiated to male or female sex organs (except when they are not differentiated). The presence of the SRY gene, located on the short arm of the Y chromosome and encoding the testis determining factor, usually determines male sexual differentiation. In the absence of the SRY gene from the Y chromosome, usually the female sex (ovaries instead of testes) will develop. The development of the gonads is a part of the development of the urinary and reproductive organs.

## Disease

The gonads are subject to many diseases, such as hypergonadism, hypogonadism, agonadism, tumors, and cancer, among others.

## Aging
### Ovarian aging

A delay in having children is common in the developed world and this delay is often associated with ovarian female infertility and subfertility. Ovarian aging is characterized by progressive decline of the quality and number of oocytes. This decline is likely due, in part, to reduced expression of genes that encode proteins necessary for DNA repair and meiosis. Such reduced expression can lead to increased DNA damage and errors in meiotic recombination.

### Testicular aging

The testes of older men often have sperm abnormalities that can ultimately lead to male infertility. These abnormalities include accumulation of DNA damage and decreased DNA repair ability. During spermatogenesis in the testis, spontaneous new mutations arise and tend to accumulate with age.
# Paim Filho

Paim Filho is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. As of 2020, the estimated population was 3,778.
# Pietro del Monte

Pietro del Monte (Petrus de Monte Brixensis; c. 1400 – 1457) was a Venetian jurist, canonist and humanist.
He studied at the University of Padua, as a student of Prodocimo de Conti and Giovan Francesco di Capodilista. He was papal collector in England from 1435 to 1440. Subsequently he was papal legate to France. He became Bishop of Brescia in 1442.

## Works

* Monarchia in qua generalium conciliorum materia de potestate prestantia & excellentia Romani pontificis & imperatoris plenissime discutitur , Lugduni, 1512, Romae 1537
* De unius legis veritate et sectarum falsitate opus utilissimum & perspicacissimum, Mediulanum, 1522.
* Repertorium utriusque iuris (in Latin). Bologna. 1475.
** Repertorium utriusque iuris (in Latin). Padua: Johann Herbort. 1480.
* De potestate romani pontificis et generalis concilii, (composed 1434, printed Rome, 1476)
* De Vitiorum inter se Differentia (composed 1438, unprinted), plagiarised from De Avaritia by Poggio Bracciolini
# Paul Scott (politician)

Paul Scott is an American politician who served as a member of the Oklahoma Senate from the 43rd district between 2016 and 2020. He is a member of the Republican Party.

## Senate career

Scott was first elected to the Oklahoma Senate in 2016.
In 2020, Scott faced a contested Republican primary with two challengers, Jessica Garvin and Kaity Keith. He failed to win the first round of the Republican primary by 0.1% of the vote, forcing him into a runoff with Garvin. The primary was reported as being hotly contested. He lost a primary runoff and the Republican Party's nomination to Garvin.

### Criticism

Scott was criticized for using campaign funds to pay for membership in the National Rifle Association of America.
In 2018, concerns were raised when Scott's company was awarded a contract for mobile x-ray services by the Oklahoma Department of Veterans Affairs. The Oklahoma Constitution prohibits members of the legislature from having any interest in contracts with the State.
In 2019, he was required to formally apologize to fellow Senator Carri Hicks after tampering with her chair, causing it to give way.
# Wilbur H. Selleck

Wilbur H. Selleck (November 9, 1850 – March 15, 1913) was an American politician from New York.

## Life

Selleck was born on November 9, 1850, in Canajoharie, New York, the son of George Selleck and Margaret Wild. He attended Palmyra Union School and Canajoharie Academy.
Selleck initially clerked in a store, then worked as bookkeeper. He later worked in the drug business in Williamstown. He served as town clerk from 1879 to 1884, and was town supervisor from 1884 to 1890. He was also overseer of the poor for a year and was also a member of the Oswego County Republican Committee. He also owned a shoe store in Oswego.
In 1889, Selleck was elected to the New York State Assembly as a Republican, representing the Oswego County 2nd District. He served in the Assembly in 1890, 1891, and 1892. He served as sheriff from 1894 to 1897. In 1898, he was appointed deputy customs collector. He resigned from the position in September 1912 for health reasons.
Selleck was a freemason and a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. In 1870, he married Flora Filkins. They had two daughters, Fannie M. and Lena M.
Selleck died at home in Oswego on March 15, 1913.
# Aust Agder Blad

Aust Agder Blad is a Norwegian newspaper, published in Risør, Norway, and owned by Amedia. The paper was launched in 1854. As of 2010 the editor-in-chief was Rolf Røisland. In June 1940, during the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany, Aust Agder Blad published secret directives which the press had received from the occupants, after which episode the newspaper was stopped and its editor Knut Holm was imprisoned for the rest of the war.
# William Bradford (Rhode Island politician)

William Bradford (November 4, 1729 – July 6, 1808) was a physician, lawyer, and politician, serving as United States Senator from Rhode Island and deputy governor of the state.

## Early life and education

William Bradford was born at Plympton, Massachusetts, to Lt. Samuel Bradford and Sarah Gray. He was a great-great-grandson of the William Bradford who had been Governor of the Plymouth Colony. The younger man first studied medicine at Hingham, Massachusetts, and then practiced at Warren, Rhode Island.

## Career and revolution

Bradford moved to Mount Hope Farm in Bristol, Rhode Island, where he was elected to the colonial assembly in 1761. He was elected to additional terms at various times up until 1803, and served as Speaker of the Assembly in several terms. He expanded his abilities with the study of law, was admitted to the bar in 1767, and established a practice at Bristol. He served as Deputy Governor of Rhode Island from November 1775 to May 1778. He served as major general in command of the colony's militia from June–October 1775 until being relieved by Major General Joshua Babcock. He was elected to the Continental Congress in 1776, but did not attend.
Bradford served on the Committee of Safety of Bristol County, Rhode Island, and from 1773 to 1776 on the Committee of Correspondence for the Rhode Island colony. When the British Navy bombarded Bristol on October 7, 1775, his home was among the buildings destroyed. He afterward went aboard ship to negotiate a cease fire.
After the United States government was established, Bradford was elected to the United States Senate, taking office on March 4, 1793. He was the President pro tempore of the Senate from July 6, 1797, until he resigned from the Senate in October of that year. He returned to his home in Bristol and died there in 1808. Originally buried in Bristol's East Burying Ground, his grave was later moved to the Juniper Hill Cemetery.

## Personal life

He married and had a family, including daughter Nancy Ann Bradford. In 1790, she married James DeWolf of Bristol, who was a successful slave trader and belonged to a large and influential family that also went into banking and insurance. He was elected to the US Senate in the 1820s. They were the great-great-grandparents of artist and publisher Charles Dana Gibson.
# Albatros L 79

The Albatros L 79 Kobold was a single-seat German aerobatic aircraft of the 1920s and 1930s. It was a single-bay biplane with unstaggered, equal-span wings that had a symmetrical airfoil intended to ensure performance during inverted flight.

## Specifications (L 79)

General characteristics
* Crew: one pilot
* Length: 6.27 m (20 ft 7 in)
* Wingspan: 8.80 m (28 ft 10 in)
* Height: 2.24 m (7 ft 4 in)
* Wing area: 16.6 m$^2$ (179 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 465 kg (1,025 lb)
* Gross weight: 640 kg (1,411 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Siemens-Halske Sh 12 , 93 kW (125 hp)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 165 km/h (100 mph, 87 kn)
* Endurance: 2.5 hours
* Rate of climb: 3.2 m/s (630 ft/min)
# Ivan Grésèque

Ivan Grésèque (born 23 July 1953) is a French former professional rugby league footballer, coach and manager who represented France.

## Background

Grésèque was born in Saïgon–Cholon. He has Indian heritage on his father's side, hence his nickname Bengali. His son, Maxime, has also represented France as a scrum-half.

## Playing career

His playing career for XIII Catalan was marked by the French Championship and Lord Derby Cup titles.
Grésèque made his international debut for France against Australia in the last match of the 1978 Kangaroo tour. He then played for France in the 1980 European Championship. Grésèque went on to play sixteen times for France at halfback, his last a 22–0 defeat by New Zealand in 1985.

## Coaching career

In 1994 Grésèque was appointed the head coach of the France. He was in charge of the side at the 1995 World Cup. Grésèque's spell as head coach was not successful and he finished with a record of ten losses, three draws and only one win.
Grésèque later became the national side's manager and he was part of the organisation at the 2000 World Cup.

## Honours

* French Champion : 1979, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985 and 1987 (XIII Catalan).
* Champion of the Lord Derby Cup : 1976, 1978, 1980 and 1985 (XIII Catalan).
* Runner-up of the French Championship : 1976, 1978 and 1986 (XIII Catalan).
* Runner-up of the Lord Derby Cup : 1977 and 1983 (XIII Catalan).
# NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Talk Series

This article lists the winners and nominees for the NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Talk Series. The award was created during the 2008 ceremony after being separated from the Outstanding News/Information – Series or Special category. Currently Red Table Talk, Steve Harvey and The View hold the record for most wins in this category with three each.

## Winners and nominees

Winners are listed first and highlighted in bold.

### 2000s

| Year | Series |
| 2008 |
| 2008 | Tavis Smiley |
| 2008 | Judge Mathis |
| 2008 | Our World with Black Enterprise |
| 2008 | Real Time with Bill Maher |
| 2008 | The Tyra Banks Show |
| 2009 | |
| 2009 | The View |
| 2009 | Iconoclasts |
| 2009 | Judge Mathis |
| 2009 | Tavis Smiley |
| 2009 | The Tyra Banks Show |

### 2010s

| Year | Series |
| 2010 |
| 2010 | The Mo'Nique Show |
| 2010 | Lopez Tonight |
| 2010 | The Tyra Banks Show |
| 2010 | The View |
| 2010 | The Wanda Sykes Show |
| 2011 | |
| 2011 | The View |
| 2011 | Larry King Live |
| 2011 | The Mo'Nique Show |
| 2011 | TV One on One |
| 2012 | |
| 2012 | Oprah's Lifeclass |
| 2012 | Anderson |
| 2012 | The Doctors |
| 2012 | The View |
| 2012 | The Wendy Williams Show |
| 2013 | |
| 2013 | The View |
| 2013 | Don't Sleep! |
| 2013 | Oprah's Lifeclass |
| 2013 | Oprah's Next Chapter |
| 2013 | Totally Biased with W. Kamau Bell |
| 2014 | |
| 2014 | Steve Harvey |
| 2014 | The Arsenio Hall Show |
| 2014 | Oprah's Lifeclass |
| 2014 | Oprah's Next Chapter |
| 2014 | The Queen Latifah Show |
| 2015 | |
| 2015 | Steve Harvey |
| 2015 | Oprah Prime |
| 2015 | The Queen Latifah Show |
| 2015 | The View |
| 2015 | The Wendy Williams Show |
| 2016 | |
| 2016 | The Talk |
| 2016 | The Daily Show with Trevor Noah |
| 2016 | Melissa Harris-Perry |
| 2016 | Steve Harvey |
| 2016 | The Wendy Williams Show |
| 2017 | |
| 2017 | Steve Harvey |
| 2017 | Super Soul Sunday |
| 2017 | The Real |
| 2017 | The Talk |
| 2017 | The View |
| 2018 | |
| 2018 | The Real |
| 2018 | Jimmy Kimmel Live |
| 2018 | Super Soul Sunday |
| 2018 | The Daily Show with Trevor Noah |
| 2018 | The View |
| 2019 | |
| 2019 | The Real |
| 2019 | ESPN's First Take |
| 2019 | Red Table Talk |
| 2019 | The Daily Show with Trevor Noah |
| 2019 | The View |

### 2020s

| Year | Series |
| 2020 |
| 2020 | Red Table Talk |
| 2020 | The Daily Show with Trevor Noah |
| 2020 | The Real |
| 2020 | The Shop: Uninterrupted |
| 2020 | Tamron Hall |
| 2021 | |
| 2021 | Red Table Talk |
| 2021 | The Daily Show with Trevor Noah |
| 2021 | The Oprah Conversation |
| 2021 | The Shop: Uninterrupted |
| 2021 | Tamron Hall |
| 2022 | |
| 2022 | Red Table Talk |
| 2022 | Desus & Mero |
| 2022 | Hart to Heart |
| 2022 | The Real |
| 2022 | Tamron Hall |
# H. Clay Van Voorhis

Henry Clay Van Voorhis (May 11, 1852 – December 12, 1927) was an American lawyer and politician. He was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Muskingum County, Ohio, serving six terms from 1893 to 1905.

## Early life

Van Voorhis was born to Daniel and Jane (Roberts) Van Voorhis in Nashport, Ohio. His father moved to Muskingum Co., Ohio from Washington County, Pennsylvania in 1812 with his parents, and became a member of the Ohio Legislature during the Civil War.
Van Voorhis was educated at Denison University in Granville, Ohio and the University of Cincinnati Law School. In 1873, he moved to Zanesville, the county seat of Muskingum County, Ohio at the junction of the Muskingum and Licking Rivers.

## Career

When Van Voorhis moved to Zanesville, he became involved in the Republican Political Committee Organization. He was admitted to the bar in 1874.
In 1885, Van Voorhis became president of Citizens National Bank of Zanesville. In 1892, he was nominated for 53d Congress. He served in 53rd–58th Congresses, for a total of 12 years. During that time, he was a member of the Appropriations Committee.
He relinquished the job as president of the bank between 1892 and 1905, while he was in Congress, and was reelected to the post in 1905.

## Personal life

In 1875, he married Mary A. Brown, daughter of Judge William A. and Margaret Brown. They had five children: Ada V., Dollie M. A., TGL Daniel, John A., and Margaret.
He died on December 12, 1927 in Zanesville. He was buried in Greenwood Cemetery.
# John Jerome Hill

John Jerome Hill (October 27, 1918 – June 13, 1986) was an American machinist and politician.
Hill was born in Aurora, Illinois. He graduated from Marmion Academy and went to St. Ambrose University. Hill served in the United States Army during World War II. Hill was a machinist, who worked in a factory in Aurora, and was involved with the United Steel Worker union. Hill served on the Aurora City Council and was a Democrat. He served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1959 until 1977. Hill then served as Mayor of Aurora from 1977 until 1985. Hill died at his home in Aurora, Illinois.