OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Charles Bennett Smith

Charles Bennett Smith (September 14, 1870 – May 21, 1939) was an American newspaperman and politician who served four terms as a U.S. Representative from New York from 1911 to 1919.

## Biography

Born in Sardinia, New York, Smith attended the district schools, and in 1886 graduated from Arcade Academy in Arcade, New York. He farmed, and subsequently became a railroad telegraph operator.
He was a reporter for the Buffalo Courier from 1890 to 1893, and he became managing editor of the Buffalo Times in 1894. He later served as editor of the Buffalo Evening Enquirer and the Buffalo Morning Courier.
Smith was appointed a member of the Buffalo Board of School Examiners and served two years as its chairman.

### Congress

Smith was elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-second and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1911 – March 3, 1919). In his first election in 1910 he won by one vote.
He served as chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs (Sixty-second Congress), Committee on Expenditures in the Department of Commerce (Sixty-fourth Congress), Committee on Patents (Sixty-fifth Congress). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1918 to the Sixty-sixth Congress.

### Later career and death

He engaged in commercial and industrial pursuits in Buffalo, New York. He was the state Superintendent of Standards and Purchases from 1935 until his death in Wilmington, New York, May 21, 1939.
He was interred in Mount Olivet Cemetery, Tonawanda, New York.

### Family

Smith was married to Frances G. Stanton (1871–1931), who worked with him as a newspaper reporter and editor, and served as New York's Civil Service Commissioner from 1929 until her death.
# William C. Duncan

William Chamberlain Duncan (May 18, 1820 – December 19, 1877) was a brewer, politician, and mayor of Detroit, Michigan.

## Life and politics

Duncan was born in Lyons, New York on May 18, 1820. The family moved to Rochester, New York in 1825, and in 1841 Duncan began working as a steward on the passenger steamers crossing the Great Lakes. In 1846, he changed employers and began working on a steamer traveling through Lake Superior. In 1849, Duncan moved to Detroit and became a brewer.
Duncan was a Democrat, and in 1852, he was elected an alderman, serving five years. He was first council president, after a revision of the city charter created that position. He was mayor of Detroit for two years, 1862 and 1863, and in the fall of 1863 was elected as a Democrat to the Michigan State Senate, where he represented the 2nd district. He began in the banking business in 1865, but soon gave up the trade due to impaired health and to take care of the property he had accumulated and to visit Europe.
In 1873, however, Duncan was chosen as a member of the newly created Board of Estimates. In the same year, the city Democratic Party asked him to again be their candidate for mayor, but Duncan declined due to his ill-health.
William C. Duncan married Emma J. Hammer who died in 1863. They had a son, Frank C. Duncan, and a daughter, Kate Mary Emma Duncan. After the death of his wife, he married Sara Elizabeth Heath.
William C. Duncan died on December 19, 1877.
# Desmotubule

A desmotubule is an endomembrane derived structure of the plasmodesmata that connects the endoplasmic reticulum of two adjacent plant cells. The desmotubule is not actually a tubule but a compact, cylindrical segment of the ER that is found within the larger tubule structure of the plasmodesmata pore. Some, but not all, transport of the plasmodesmata occurs through the desmotubule.

## Structure

The desmotubule is a rod-like structure with a diameter of approximately 15 nm, making it one of the mostly highly compressed biological membrane structures known. Although it is usually appressed, the desmotubule can widen to form an internal lumen. The membranes that form the desmotubule are derived from the cortical endoplasmic reticulum and are embedded with proteins. These proteins connect the membrane of the desmotubule to the plasma membrane. Other proteins, consisting of mostly actin and myosin, form a helical structure which allows the transport of molecules through the cytoplasmic sleeve.

## Function

The desmotubule is involved in the lateral transfer of lipid molecules from one cell’s ER to another. These lipids are used in cell signaling pathways as a form of intracellular communication. There are three ways in which the desmotubule can facilitate the transfer of molecules: allowing them to flow through its internal lumen, letting them diffuse along its membrane, or attaching molecules on its cytoplasmic side and actively transporting them through the cytoplasmic sleeve of the plasmodesmata. Actin and myosin molecules attach at the cytoplasmic end of the desmotubule and can provide contractile force that closes its opening and regulates the movement of molecules through the pore. In addition, the proteins of the desmotubule help to provide structural support to the plasmodesmata.
# Michael Dickinson (horseman)

Michael W. Dickinson (born 3 February 1950 in Yorkshire, England) is a retired Champion Thoroughbred racehorse trainer. He is perhaps most remembered for his extraordinary feat of training the first five finishers in the 1983 Cheltenham Gold Cup,who were Bregawn 1st, Captain John 2nd, Wayward Lad 3rd, Silver Buck 4th, and Ashley House 5th. He also trained a record 12 winners on Boxing Day in 1982.

## Life and career

Having been educated at Rossall School, Dickinson was an amateur champion rider before becoming a professional jockey for 10 years. His rides included a Classic winner, Boucher.
Dickinson got his trainer's licence in 1980, taking over his parents' stables. He trained at Dunkeswick near Harewood in Yorkshire. He was the Champion Trainer of National Hunt racing for three years in England. Two of his formative years were spent under the tutelage of Vincent O'Brien, the legendary Irish trainer who was master of Ballydoyle, the training center in County Tipperary.
Michael Dickinson is perhaps most famous for his extraordinary feat of training the first five in the 1983 Cheltenham Gold Cup. In order: Bregawn, Captain John, Wayward Lad, Silver Buck, and Ashley House. The BBC has an interesting account of Dickinson's Famous Five. He also trained a record 12 winners on Boxing Day in 1982, both of which are in the Guinness Book of World Records. He has three other further world records noted in the Guinness Book of World Records.
In 1984, Dickinson switched from National Hunt racing to flat racing, to train for Robert Sangster, before emigrating to Maryland in the U.S., where he had his first runner on 30 June 1987.
In 1993, he was elected to the British Steeplechasing Hall of Fame and inducted on its opening in 1994.
Dickinson's most acclaimed flat training feat came with Da Hoss. He trained the horse to win the 1996 and 1998 Breeders' Cup Mile despite the horse only having had one race in between, owing to injury.
On 13 November 2007, Michael Dickinson announced that he would not apply for a trainer's licence in 2008, in order to devote his time to his business of synthetic racetrack surfacing known as Tapeta Footings.
# Francisco Moya (bishop)

Francisco Moya, O.F.M. was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Rubicón (1436–?).

## Biography

Francisco Moya was ordained a priest in the Order of Friars Minor. On 26 Sep 1436, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Eugene IV as Bishop of Rubicón. On 27 Oct 1436, he was consecrated bishop by André Dias de Escobar, Titular Bishop of Megara. It is uncertain how long he served as Bishop of Rubicón; the next bishop of record is Juan de Frías, who was appointed in 1474.
# Faul & Wad Ad

Faul & Wad Ad are a French DJ and record producer duo from Paris who had a hit in 2013 with the tropical house track "Changes".

## Career
### Early beginnings

Faul (stylized as FAUL, meaning lazy in German; the pseudonym of French DJ Maxime Ledu) and Wad Ad (the stage name of French DJ Camil Meyer) met in high school and began producing music during their study time. Maxime Ledu was a student at the Lycee Édouard Branly in Nogent-sur-Marne.

### 2013–present: Changes

In 2013, they heard Pnau, a dance music side project originating from Sydney, sampling a children's choir on the track "Baby". In May 2013, Faul & Wad Ad released their tropical house-style adaptation online, calling it "Changes". The track went on to become an international hit for them, topping the singles chart in Germany. It also charted in Austria, Belgium, Hungary, Netherlands, Spain and Switzerland.

## Discography
### Singles

| Year | Title | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Certifications |
| Year | Title | FRA | AUT | BEL | GER | NL | SPA | SWE | SWI | UK | Certifications |
| 2013 | "Changes" (with Pnau) | 9 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 14 | 2 | 47 | 4 | 3 | BEA: Gold BPI: Platinum BVMI: Platinum GLF: Gold IFPI AUT: Gold IFPI SWI: Platinum PROMUSICAE: Gold |
| 2014 | "Something New" | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 2018 | "Wild Love" | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 2018 | "Tokyo" (with Vertue) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 2019 | "Lucky Star" (VS Superfunk Ft. Ron Carroll) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. ||||||||||||
# Leonard Patrick Harvey

Leonard Patrick Harvey (often credited L. P. Harvey, 25 February 1929 - 4 August 2018) was a British historian and professor. He held lectureships in Spanish at Oxford University (1956–58), Southampton (1958–60), and Queen Mary College, London (1960–63), was Head of the Spanish Department at Queen Mary College from 1963 to 1973 (being appointed Professor in 1967) and Cervantes Professor of Spanish at King's College, London, in 1983, until his retirement in 1990.

## Biography

His fields of academic specialization were Arabic and Islamic studies, Mudejars and Moriscos, and the Islamic heritage on Spanish medieval and modern Literature. After his retirement, he took up a visiting appointment at the Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies, until he decided to move to New Zealand, where he lived in retirement. He died in Wellington on 4 August 2018. His wife Maureen Harvey (née Rawcliffe) died in 2000.

## Works

He published works over different themes: Islamic Spain 1250–1500, aljamiado literature, Muslims in Spain 1500–1614. Among the authors he wrote on are Ibn Battuta, Cervantes, Mancebo de Arévalo, and Baray de Reminjo. Some biographic sketch and his bibliographic production can be found in the volume dedicated to him in the review Sharq Al-Andalus, 16–17 (1999–2002) – especially in the bibliographic article by Luis Fernando Bernabé Pons (pp. 13–20).

### Muslims In Spain, 1500–1614

Harvey published his book Muslims In Spain, 1500–1614 in 2006, examining Muslims of Spain in the period between Rebellion of the Alpujarras (1499–1501) and the expulsion of the Moriscos (1609–1614). According to historian Tamar Herzog writing in The International History Review, the book is written in "clear and precise language" addressed to non-specialists, and "answers many important questions". Herzog also compared the book to Benzion Netanyahu's 1995 book The Origins of Spanish Inquisition which analyzed the history of Jews and conversos of Spain in the same era, in the same way as Harvey did with Muslims.
Historian Trevor Dadson, writing in The Times Literary Supplement said that the book synthesized a "mass of information" mostly in Spanish and made it available to English-speaking reader. However, Dadson criticized the book's "few weaknesses", including inadequately answering the question of how widespread the practice of crypto-Islam was during the period, over-reliance on incorrect secondary sources, and for "skating over" the fact that many Moriscos were assimilated. The Times Literary Supplement later published Harvey's response to Dadson, in which he defended the book saying that the book does talk about the assimilated Moriscos, and that he brought "abundant, overwhelming" evidence from the Muslims' literature and from Inquisition trial records indicating that most of the nominal converts clung to the Islamic faith in secret.
# Mandy Jones

Amanda Ellen "Mandy" Jones is a British former racing cyclist born in 1962 who won the women's world road race championship in 1982.

## Biography

Jones joined the West Pennine Road Club to ride on Sunday outings. She rode her first race in 1974 and five years later tied with Julie Earnshaw for first place in the national junior 10-mile time trial championship. They recorded 25m 42s.
The experience persuaded her to race seriously. She rode the world road race championship for Britain in 1980, when she was 18, and took the bronze medal behind the American Beth Heiden on a tough circuit at Sallanches, in the French Alps.
The Golden Book of Cycling, which she signed when she was 29, said: "Her potential was evident: Britain had a new star in the making."
She won the national 3,000m individual pursuit championship at Leicester in 1982, broke the world 5,000 metres record on the same track in the same year, and became national 50-mile time-trial champion.
Riding the world championship road race in Goodwood, Sussex, England that year, she broke clear of the field to win by 10 seconds. She was the first British woman to win a world championship for 15 years. She said:
    "I won by accident. It was just plain daft. We were going downhill and I just rode past them. Then I looked back, saw I had a gap and kept going. I was praying my legs wouldn't collapse. But with around half a lap to go, I started thinking 'Hey, I could win this!"
She was, said the Golden Book of Cycling, "the perfect example of how a youngster, while enjoying the companionship and adventure of club runs, can successfully aspire to becoming a world champion by self-dedication and encouragement."
She ran cycle shop Surosa Cycles in Oldham, Greater Manchester with her husband until January 2015.
In 2009, she was inducted into the British Cycling Hall of Fame.
# Louis Loss

Louis Loss (June 11, 1914 – December 13, 1997) was an American legal scholar. He was considered to be the intellectual father of modern securities law. He served as the William Nelson Cromwell Professor of Law Emeritus at Harvard Law School. He is best known for his treatise Securities Regulation, which is still considered to be the definitive authority on the subject and which has been cited over 50 times by the Supreme Court of the United States. The Oxford English Dictionary credits him with having coined the word tippee, to refer to someone who trades stock after getting a tip from a corporate insider.

## Education and SEC career

Loss graduated from the University of Pennsylvania (B.S.) in 1934 and Yale Law School (LL.B.) in 1937. He was also granted an honorary A.M. from Harvard University in 1953. Upon his graduation from Yale, Loss joined the Securities and Exchange Commission, where he served as staff attorney from 1937 to 1944, chief counsel of the Division of Trading and Exchanges from 1944 to 1948, and associate general counsel from 1948 to 1952. While at the SEC, he helped develop the initial theories that enabled the Securities and Exchange Commission to use the broadly worded anti-fraud provisions of the securities law to prosecute insider trading, an area not directly addressed by the law itself.

## Career as a law professor

Loss held part-time teaching positions at Wharton School of Finance of University of Pennsylvania, Yale Law School and George Washington University Law School before joining the faculty of Harvard Law School in 1952. He served as Professor of Law from 1952 to 1962 and William Nelson Cromwell Professor of Law from 1962 to 1984. During his tenure at Harvard, he was offered the chairmanship of the SEC by President John F. Kennedy, but he declined. He became William Nelson Cromwell Professor of Law Emeritus in 1984. Among his many students at Harvard were U.S. Supreme Court Justices Kennedy, Ginsburg, Scalia, and Souter. Though lacking dynamism as a lecturer, he remained one of the most popular and admired professors among Harvard Law School students as well as among faculty. He also served as director of the Harvard Law School Program of Instruction for Lawyers from 1977 to 1984. In academic year 1986/1987 Loss spent his final year teaching as a visiting professor at University of Pennsylvania Law School. After his death, Volume 111 #8 of the Harvard Law Review was dedicated to him. Loss' wife, Bernice, served as Curator of the Harvard Law School art collection, which includes dozens of paintings of English and American jurists.
# List of Hungarian astronomers
## A

* Alauda József
* Albert Ferenc
* Almár Iván
* Andrássy István

## B

* Balajthi Máté
* Balázs Lajos
* Berkó Ernő
* Bogdán Ákos Max Planck Asztrofizikai Intézet
* Borkovits Tamás
* Both Előd
* Bruna Xaver Ferenc

## D

* Detre László
* Dezső Lóránt

## F

* Fejes István
* Fényi Gyula
* Frey Sándor
* David Friesenhausen

## G

* Gothard Jenő
* Guman István

## H

* Harkányi Béla
* Hédervári Péter
* Hegedüs Tibor
* Hell Miksa
* Hollósy Jusztinián
* Horváth András
* Horváth István

## I

* Ill Márton
* Izsák Imre

## J

* Lajos Jánossy

## K

* Kiss László
* Kolláth Zoltán
* Kondor Gusztáv
* Konkoly-Thege Miklós
* Kövesligethy Radó
* Kulin György

## L

* Löw Móritz

## M

* Mahler Ede
* Marik Miklós

## N

* Nagy Károly
* Nagy Sándor

## P

* Paál György
* Ponori Thewrewk Aurél

## R

* Rezsabek Nándor

## S

* Sajnovics János
* Szabados László
* Szatmáry Károly
* Szentmártoni Béla
* Sárneczky Krisztián
* Szebehely Győző

## T

* Teres Ágoston
* Terkán Lajos
* Tittel Pál

## V

* Virághalmy Géza

## W

* Weinek László

## Z

* Zách János Ferenc
* Zerinváry Szilárd
# Amit Kuila

Amit Kuila (born 9 July 1995) is an Indian cricketer. He plays Twenty20 cricket for Bengal. He made his first-class debut for Bengal in the 2016–17 Ranji Trophy on 20 October 2016, taking five wickets in the first innings. He made his List A debut on 25 September 2019, for Railways in the 2019–20 Vijay Hazare Trophy.
# Lovari

Lovari ("horse-dealer", from Hungarian "ló", horse) is a subgroup of the Romani people, who speak their own dialect, influenced by Hungarian and West Slavic dialects. They live predominantly throughout Central Europe (Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, and Germany) as well as in Southeastern Europe (Romania, Croatia, and northern Serbia).

## Ethnology

The Lovari are a Romani people who speak a dialect influenced by Hungarian and West Slavic dialects. Their language is classified under Vlax Romani. The Lovari are further divided into the Machvaya, named after the Mačva region, which they settled from modern day Hungary.
# Chester Dempsey

Chester E. Dempsey (July 20, 1896 – October 4, 1969) was an American farmer and politician.
Born in the town of Merton, Wisconsin, Dempsey owned and operated a dairy farm. He served on the Waukesha County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors and in town government. He served in the Wisconsin State Senate as a Democrat from 1935 to 1939, but was defeated in 1938 by Republican William A. Freehoff.
He left the Democratic Party in 1940, stating that he was against a third term for President Franklin D. Roosevelt and that as a farmer, "The Republican party is the only party left for me to join."
He ran against Freehoff in the 1942 primary election, losing with 4,260 votes to 4,575 for Freehoff and 1020 for a third candidate. In 1946, he defeated Freehoff in the primary, with 10,075 votes to 8,798. He won the general election, and would serve as a Republican from 1947 until his death on October 4, 1969. He was succeeded by fellow Republican Roger P. Murphy.
# Brighton, Kenosha County, Wisconsin

The Town of Brighton is a town located in Kenosha County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,422 at the 2020 census. The unincorporated communities of Brighton and Klondike are located within the town.

## History

The first settlers in Brighton, a Dr. Johnson and a Mr. Wightman, arrived almost simultaneously in 1838. A post office opened in 1846 and closed in 1903.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 35.8 square miles (92.8 km$^2$), of which 35.6 square miles (92.3 km$^2$) are land and 0.2 square miles (0.5 km$^2$), or 0.55%, are water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,450 people, 504 households, and 402 families residing in the town. The population density was 40.5 inhabitants per square mile (15.6/km$^2$). There were 524 housing units at an average density of 14.6 per square mile (5.6/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 97.24% White, 0.21% African American, 0.21% Native American, 0.55% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 0.55% from other races, and 1.17% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.07% of the population.
There were 504 households, out of which 35.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.6% were married couples living together, 5.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.2% were non-families. 15.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.88 and the average family size was 3.20.
In the town, the population was age distributed as follows: 26.8% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 29.9% from 25 to 44, 26.9% from 45 to 64, and 9.7% who were over 64 years. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.0 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $70,078, and the median income for a family was $74,479. Males had a median income of $42,321 versus $31,827 for females. The per capita income for the town was $26,518. About 1.0% of families and 1.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.1% of those under age 18 and 1.5% of those age 65 or over.

## Notable people

* Dwight L. Burgess, farmer and legislator, was born in and was chairman of what is now the town
* Lathrop Burgess, farmer and legislator, lived in the town
* John Dixon, businessman and legislator, was born in the town
* Mathias J. Scholey, mayor of Kenosha and Wisconsin state representative, was born in the town

## Points of interest

* Richard Bong State Recreation Area, former site of the unfinished R.I. Bong Air Force Base and Wisconsin's largest area of preserved prairie, is located in the western part of Brighton.
# Clastodermataceae

The Clastodermataceae are a family of slime molds in the order Echinosteliales. The family was circumscribed in 1971. The family contains two genera, Barbeyella and Clastoderma, that have a total of three species.
# Tinu Kundu

Tinu Kundu (born 15 March 1995) is an Indian cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Haryana in the 2018–19 Ranji Trophy on 1 November 2018. In January 2019, in the match against Services, he took his maiden five-wicket haul in first-class cricket. He was the leading wicket-taker for Haryana in the tournament, with 24 dismissals in four matches. He made his List A debut on 11 December 2021, for Haryana in the 2021–22 Vijay Hazare Trophy.