OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Robert P. Munger

Robert Prentis Munger (November 2, 1909 – October 23, 2001) was an American politician.

## Early life, education, and career

Robert Prentis Munger was born in Sioux City, Iowa, on November 2, 1909, to judge Robert Howe Munger and his wife Kathryn Belle Prentis. Robert P. Munger graduated from Sioux City Central High School, obtained a bachelor of arts at Morningside College in 1931, followed by a bachelor of laws at the University of South Dakota School of Law in 1933. Munger began practicing law in Sioux City upon completing his legal education.

## Public and military service career

Munger was elected to the Iowa Senate in 1940 as a Republican. He served in the 49th Iowa General Assembly from January 13, 1941, to January 10, 1943, representing Senate District 32. Munger submitted his resignation from the state senate in 1942, to join the United States Army Air Forces in World War II, attaining the rank of major. He was an AAF pilot, wrote the AAF manual on meteorology, and as leader of the Air Corps Contract Terminations, reported directly to general Henry H. Arnold. After his return from active military duty in 1945, Munger returned to the practice of law and was elected to two consecutive terms on the Iowa House of Representatives for District 58, serving between January 10, 1949, and January 11, 1953. He subsequently served as vice chairman of the Governmental Reorganization Commission and as a member of the Iowa Board of Regents.

## Personal life

Robert P. Munger's first wife, Kathryn Bryce Gantt, died in 1940 after the birth of their son, Robert Gantt Munger. Robert Prentis Munger remarried to Charlotte Watkin in 1941, and the couple had two more children, Clark Watkin Munger and John Francis Munger. Robert P. Munger and Charlotte Watkin moved to Tucson, Arizona, in 1965, where Munger died on October 23, 2001.
# Carl Larvick

Carl Larvick (June 19, 1882 – April 10, 1960) was a United States politician and state representative from North Dakota. He served in the North Dakota House of Representatives from 1927 to 1930.

## Political career

Larson represented the 26th Legislative District, which included Emmons County and Kidder County.

## Personal life

He was married to Clara (Holm) Larvick (1887–1972). They were the parents of three children; Martin, Harold and Margaret. He and his family operated a farm in Temvik, North Dakota. He was buried in Greenwood Cemetery in Bayfield County, Wisconsin.
# Henry Burma

Henry W. Burma (November 7, 1894 – December 8, 1974) was an American politician.
Henry Burma was born in Washington Township, Butler County, Iowa, to parents Harm F. and Anna Nuttbrook Burma on November 7, 1894. Burma was educated in the rural schools of Bristow, attended high school in Allison, and after serving in World War I with the 351st Infantry Regiment, graduated from the University of Dubuque.
Throughout his political career, Burma was affiliated with the Republican Party. Between 1923 and 1937, Burma served as sheriff of Butler County. He was then elected to four consecutive terms on the Iowa House of Representatives for District 73. In his final term as a state legislator, Burma's colleagues elected him house speaker. Burma contested the Republican primary for the 1944 Iowa gubernatorial election, losing to Robert D. Blue. Subsequently, Burma was named to the Iowa Board of Control from 1944 to 1954, then worked as a juvenile probation officer for the counties of Hancock, Mitchell, Winnebago, and Worth from 1954 until 1967.
Burma married Katheryn McGinn in Nashua on June 30, 1924. The couple raised a son and daughter, Charles Henry and Marjorie. McGinn died in 1957, Charles in 1973, and Marjorie in 1974. Burma died of leukemia at home in Allison on December 8, 1974. A collection of Burma's papers are held by the University of Iowa Libraries.
# Ray Schnell

Raphael "Ray" Schnell (May 1, 1893 – April 5, 1970) was a North Dakota Republican Party politician who served as the 23rd lieutenant governor of North Dakota from 1951 to 1953 under Governor Clarence Norman Brunsdale. Schnell also served in the North Dakota House from 1939 to 1940, 1943–1946, and 1963–1964. Schnell died in 1970 of cancer at age 77.
# Francis Clyde Duffy

Francis Clyde Duffy (March 20, 1890 – December 19, 1977) was a North Dakota Republican Party politician who served as the 25th lieutenant governor of North Dakota under Governor John E. Davis. Duffy also served in the North Dakota Senate from 1949 to 1956.
# Norman P. Dunlap

Norman P. Dunlap (December 17, 1917 – May 21, 2008) was an American politician. He served as a Republican member for the 41st district of the Iowa House of Representatives.

## Life and career

Dunlap was born in Nevada. He attended Iowa State University.
Dunlap served in the Iowa House of Representatives from 1973 to 1975.
Dunlap died on May 21, 2008, at the age of 90.
# John H. Mitchell (Iowa politician)

John H. Mitchell (November 5, 1899 – April 20, 1992) was an American lawyer and politician.
Born in Fort Dodge, Iowa, Mitchell went to parochial and public schools in Fort Dodge. He then went to Loras College and served in the Student Army Training Corps. Mitchell switched to University of Iowa and graduated there. He was admitted to the Iowa bar in 1923. Mitchell practiced law in Humboldt, Iowa. He served on the Webster County School Board and on the Fort Dodge Community School Board. From 1933 to 1937, Mitchell served in the Iowa House of Representatives and served as speaker of the Iowa House of Representatives. Mitchell was a Democrat. He then served as Iowa Attorney General from 1936 to 1939. Mitchell moved back to Fort Dodge and continued to practiced law. Mitchell died in a hospital in Fort Dodge, Iowa from cancer.
# Sin-eater (disambiguation)

A sin-eater is a person who consumes a ritual meal in order to spiritually take on the sins of a deceased person.
Sin-eater may also refer to:
* Sin-Eater (character), a Marvel Comics character
* Onimar Synn, also known as Sin-Eater, a DC Comics character
* Sin Eater, a character in the film The Incredible Journey of Doctor Meg Laurel
* The Sin Eater, also known as The Order, a 2003 film
* The Sin Eaters, a 2009 audiobook
* "Sin-Eaters" (song), a 2010 song by The National
* Geist: The Sin-Eaters, a 2009 role-playing game
# Racing shoes

Racing shoes, motorsport shoes or driving shoes are the footwear used for the practice of motorsport or day-to-day driving. They are generally built to provide comfort and precision for operating pedals for an extended period of time, with a narrow, close-fitting construction and thin, flexible soles, as well as to provide protection from fire along with a racing suit, in the context of motorsport. The standards for shoes worn in auto racing, as with other equipment, are regulated by the FIA.
The invention of racing shoes is commonly attributed to Italian shoemaker Francesco "Ciccio" Liberto, in the late 1960s, though another Italian shoemaker, Gianni Mostile, had patented a model of driving moccasins as early as 1963. Prior to that, professional racecar drivers worn ordinary casual shoes for racing, sometimes wrapped in adhesive tape to provide better traction and stability. Racing shoes were popularized among motorsport fans and the general public after the release of the Speed Cat and its successor Future Cat, developed by Sparco and Puma, and their use by use by German Formula One champion Michael Schumacher during the early 2000s.
It is popular among Formula One drivers, especially Australian ones, to drink from their racing shoes to celebrate victories, a practice referred to as a "shoey."

## SFI-Certified Racing Shoes

Professional motorsport safety gear includes SFI certified racing shoes. These shoes are certified by the SFI foundation, a non-profit organization established to issue and administer standards for the quality assurance of specialty performance and racing equipment.
Many professional racing organizations mandate using SFI approved gear, including shoes, emphasizing their importance in ensuring regulatory compliance and driver safety on the track. The primary purpose of these shoes is to provide fire resistance, protecting the driver's feet in the event of a fire in the vehicle.
Moreover, these shoes are crafted for performance, featuring lightweight construction and pedal-friendly design to enhance a driver's control and precision.
# 2012 Great Yarmouth Borough Council election

The 2012 Great Yarmouth Council election was held on 3 May 2012 to elect members of Great Yarmouth Council, alongside nationwide local elections.
# Ye Township

Ye south Township (Burmese: ရေးမြို့နယ်; Mon: ပွိုၚ်ဍုၚ်ရေဝ်) is a township of Mawlamyine District in the Mon State, Myanmar. Its principal town is Ye.

## Towns and villages

| Abaw Akan Andin Awaing Awainggale Asin Dabataw Daminzeik Auk Daminzeikkyi | Duya Hmeinsein Hnyihnu Koh Doot Khawsa Kin Kyonpaw Lamaing Mawkanin Saiye | Sakale Sonmatha Taungbon [Thaung Pyin] Thinbawzeik Thingangyun Waipathe Zayat Zuntalin |
# High Velocity

High Velocity – Mountain Racing Challenge (Touge King: The Spirits - 峠KING・ザ・スピリッツ) is a racing game developed by Cave and published by Atlus for the Sega Saturn video game console. It focuses on one-on-one races staged on circuits made from Japanese mountain roads, featuring Japanese performance cars. It is the first in Atlus’ long running Touge series.
It was released on November 10, 1995 in Japan, and in North America in 1996.

## Gameplay

The game offers three core gameplay modes – King Battle, Vs. Battle, and Time Trial – as well as six vehicles and three circuits.
In King Battle, players participate in a series of one-on-one heats around each configuration of each of the game's three circuits.
The Versus mode allows two players to race against each other in a split-screen configuration. As well as being one of the Saturn's first split-screen racing games, High Velocity – Mountain Racing Challenge offers players the option to partition the screen horizontally or vertically.
The final gameplay mode, time trial, allows players to race against the clock around an empty track.
In all, the game offers three core courses, which can be driven in either standard or reverse configurations. The courses are essentially designed to mimic Japanese mountain roads but are configured as closed circuits.
Six cars feature in the game. Although none of the cars are licensed, they are designed to look like popular Japanese performance cars of the period. Players can apply various upgrades to the cars to boost performance, and each vehicle is available in different colors.

## Graphics

Uniquely for games of the period, High Velocity – Mountain Racing Challenge features a draw distance that nearly always extends to the visible horizon. It also has an optional widescreen mode.

## Reception

A reviewer for Next Generation found many merits with the game: "With a top-speed comparable to any of the big names in the racing world, this game earns high marks for being an exciting fast ride. There are also an impressive list of options and technical achievements that go along with the racing action including absolutely no draw-in slowdown, a successful two-player mode (which offers the choice of either vertical or horizontal split-screen), a full list of engine modifications, and an awesome replay feature with seven choices of camera angles." However, he felt the fact that players can only race against one other car at a time is a major flaw which keeps the game from being a wholly great experience, and scored it three out of five stars. GamePro's brief review also deemed the limited number of competitors to be a major flaw, additionally criticized the sound effects, and was more dismissive of the game in general.
The game saw strong sales in Japan.

## Sequel

On April 18, 1997, Atlus released a sequel, Touge King: the Spirits 2, again developed by Cave. It was never released outside Japan.
# Buttress

A buttress is an architectural structure built against or projecting from a wall which serves to support or reinforce the wall. Buttresses are fairly common on more ancient (typically Gothic) buildings, as a means of providing support to act against the lateral (sideways) forces arising out of inadequately braced roof structures.
The term counterfort can be synonymous with buttress and is often used when referring to dams, retaining walls and other structures holding back earth.
Early examples of buttresses are found on the Eanna Temple (ancient Uruk), dating to as early as the 4th millennium BC.

## Terminology

In addition to flying and ordinary buttresses, brick and masonry buttresses that support wall corners can be classified according to their ground plan. A clasping or clamped buttress has an L-shaped ground plan surrounding the corner, an angled buttress has two buttresses meeting at the corner, a setback buttress is similar to an angled buttress but the buttresses are set back from the corner, and a diagonal (or 'French') buttress bisects the angle between the walls where they meet.
The gallery below shows top-down views of various types of buttress (dark grey) supporting the corner wall of a structure (light grey).
* Buttress ground plans
* Angled buttress
* Clasping or clamped buttress
* Diagonal or 'french' buttress
* Setback buttress

## Gallery

* Examples of Buttresses
* A buttress and a flying buttress, mostly concealed, supporting walls at the Palace of Westminster
* Buttress at Our Saviour's Chapel, Żejtun, Malta
* Façade buttresses at Milan Cathedral, Italy
* Buttresses on the 700ft tall Daniel-Johnson Dam, Quebec
* Thick buttresses characterize Earthquake Baroque architecture like Paoay Church, Philippines
* Buttresses of the western side of the Mosque of Uqba in Kairouan, Tunisia
* Buttresses to support the wall of this row house were constructed after its neighboring house was taken down as part of the Centralia mine fire.
* Buttresses supporting 14th-century chapel of St. Lucas near Jelsa, Croatia
# Emerald-eyed tree frog

The emerald-eyed tree frog (Boana crepitans) is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is largely restricted to the Atlantic Forest region of Brazil. Some populations previously regarded as Boana crepitans have been separated into the species Boana xerophylla and Boana platanera.

## Description

The emerald-eyed tree frog varies in coloration, being either green, tan, or reddish-brown, and has long, slender arms and legs. The common name of these frogs stems from their metallic green iris. Males are smaller than females and have a dagger-like spine at the base of their thumb.

## Behavior

Emerald-eyed tree frogs are nocturnal and feed during the night, mostly feeding at the edges of ponds and rivers along with in shrubs and trees. Their diet consists of small insects such as crickets and flies. These frogs are arboreal, and they use the shade from leaves during the day to protect themselves from the sun, alongside using leaves as camouflage to protect themselves from predators. Like all frogs, Emerald-eyed treefrogs have a distinctive call that they use to communicate with other frogs and to find mates. The call of the Emerald-eyed tree frog is described as rattle-like, and consists of short low and medium pitch notes.

## Reproduction

Emerald-eyed treefrog breeding occurs mostly throughout the rainy season, with male frogs calling female frogs from the edges of flooded grasses or temporary ponds created by rain. Females can lay over 1,000 eggs at once, which will float at the top of the water for 24 hours before sinking.
Emerald-eyed tree frog tadpoles are light brown or grey with long, slightly yellow tails. It takes these tadpoles 3 months to metamorphosize, and no parental care is given to them.
# Komoshtitsa

Komoshtitsa (Bulgarian: Комощица) is a village in Northwestern Bulgaria. It is located in Yakimovo Municipality, Montana Province. It is one of the poorest areas of the European Union.
# Nike Air Monarch

Nike Air Monarch is a series of shoes made by Nike, Inc. designed to be worn for everyday use. The popularity of the shoe among older dads has led to the shoe being known as the "dad shoe".

## Overview

The company saw that it was losing market share with the older male consumers to other companies and wanted to release a new shoe that would appeal to this demographic. The idea for the design was to create something that was seen as vital to everyday life like food. Many of the designers at Nike went to theme parks to watch the men in what they did as well as ask for their input on the design.

## Models
### Air Monarch I

The first model was released in 2003. It featured a leather upper with a chunky design to offer comfort along with a lot of cushioning inside the shoe and tongue.

### Air Monarch II

The second iteration of the shoe was designed by Jason Mayden who would later become the director for the Air Jordan brand. He decided to keep the overall same design and only make small changes. Changes made to the shoe included the internal construction, added traction patterns and a pivot point in the outsole for rotation, and textures in areas that wrinkled in the previous version. The shoe also had its own unique version of the Swoosh logo.

### Air Monarch III

The third model featured full length Nike Air in the outsole as well as added herringbone traction.

### Air Monarch IV

Released in 2009, the shoe featured changes to the design to make it look faster and added perforations.
# Craig Cotton

Craig Lee Cotton (July 7, 1947 – December 21, 2013) was an American professional football tight end who played six seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the Detroit Lions, Chicago Bears and San Diego Chargers. He was selected by the Chargers in the eighth round of the 1969 NFL/AFL draft after playing college football at Youngstown State University. Cotton also played for the Portland Storm of the World Football League (WFL).

## Early life and college

Craig Lee Cotton was born on July 7, 1947, in Elizabeth, Pennsylvania. He attended Elizabeth Forward High School in Elizabeth.
He lettered for the Youngstown State Penguins from 1965 to 1968.

## Professional career

Cotton was selected by the San Diego Chargers in the eighth round, with the 200th overall pick, of the 1969 NFL draft, but was later released.
He signed with the Detroit Lions in 1969 and played in 13 games for the team during his rookie year without catching any passes. He played in all 14 games for the Lions in 1970, catching one pass for six yards. Cotton also appeared in one playoff game during the 1970 season. He played in all 14 games again, starting two, during the 1971 season, recording six receptions for 88 yards. He played in all 14 games for the third consecutive season, starting six, in 1972, totaling eight catches for 129 yards and one touchdown.
On January 30, 1973, the Lions traded Cotton and a 1973 first-round draft pick to the Chicago Bears for a 1973 first-round and a 1973 third-round draft pick. He appeared in 13 games, all starts, for the Bears in 1973, catching 13 passes for 186 yards. He was waived in 1974.
Cotton was claimed off waivers by the New England Patriots on September 2, 1974. He was released on September 11, 1974.
Cotton later played for the Portland Storm of the World Football League (WFL) during the 1974 WFL season, totaling eight receptions for 94 yards.
He signed with the San Diego Chargers on March 17, 1975. He played in nine games during the 1975 season but did not record a reception. He was released by the Chargers on November 27, 1975.

## Personal and later life

Cotton's brother, Lance Cotton, played football at Central State University and spent time in the NFL with the Los Angeles Rams, Chicago Bears, and Denver Broncos, although he did not appear in an NFL game.
Cotton died on December 21, 2013, in Fresno, California.
# George W. Althouse

George W. Althouse (August 6, 1895 – November 21, 1981) was a Nebraska state senator representing North Omaha in the Nebraska Legislature. He was born in Roanoke, Missouri.
Althouse, a Republican, was appointed to fill the vacancy in the Nebraska Senate in 1970 following the death of African American Senator Edward Danner. He sought re-election in 1970 but was defeated by Sen. Ernie Chambers.
In addition to being a senator, Althouse was active in the Nebraska GOP. In 1964, as a member of the Republican State Central Committee, he was sent as a delegate to the national GOP convention. In 1966, he served on the executive committee of the Douglas County Republican Party. From 1963 to 1966, he served on the Omaha Human Relations Board. He was appointed to the housing committee of the White House Conference on Aging. He was also a member of the US Civil Rights Commission for Nebraska and the Nebraska Equal Opportunity Commission.
In 1981, Althouse and his wife, Mildred, were presented awards for their political activities and work in Omaha's African American communities by the Nebraska Black Republican Council.
# Clythrocerus

Clythrocerus is a genus of brachyuran crab known from the Gulf of Mexico and western portions of the Atlantic Ocean. It currently includes four species: C. stimpsoni, C. granulatus, C. perpusillus, and C. nitidus.
Cladogram from the Catalogue of Life:
# Grand Central tram stop

Grand Central tram stop is a tram stop on the city-centre extension of Line 1 of the West Midlands Metro. It opened on 30 May 2016 as the terminus of the line on Stephenson Street outside the shopping centre from which its name was derived and Birmingham New Street station.
This stop serves Birmingham New Street and Birmingham Moor Street railway stations.
In October 2013 Birmingham City Council voted to extend the line, adding two additional stops beyond Grand Central, at Town Hall and Library. This opened in December 2019. In July 2022 the line was further extended to Edgbaston Village.
| Preceding station | Midland Metro | Following station |
| Corporation Street | Line 1 | Town Hall |
# Astragalus cimae

Astragalus cimae is a species of milkvetch known by the common name Cima milkvetch. It is native to the Mojave Desert and its sky island woodlands of eastern California western Nevada, especially on calcareous soils, including the Cima Dome area in the Mojave National Preserve.

## Description

Astragalus cimae is a spreading perennial herb with somewhat fleshy stems up to about 25 cm (9.8 in) long. Leaves are up to 11 cm (4.3 in) long and made up of oval or rounded leaflets. The plant bears an inflorescence of up to 25 flowers with reddish or pinkish purple petals sometimes tipped with white. Each flower is between 1 and 1.5 cm (0.39 and 0.59 in) long. The fruit is a legume pod with usually two inflated chambers.
Its bloom period is April to May. It has major toxicity.
The size is 0.8 to 9.8 inches tall. The flower color is pink, white, purple, or red.