# Cambay Shale Formation

The Cambay Shale Formation is an Early Eocene-aged geologic formation in the Cambay Basin, India. It varies in thickness from a few meters on the margins of the basin to more than 2,500m in the depressions. It directly overlies the Olpad Formation and is, in turn, overlain by the Anklesvar Formation in the southern part of the basin and by Kalol Formation in the northern part of the basin. Further north, the Cambay Shale, in its lower part, is gradually replaced by tongues of paralic-deltaic Kadi Formation and finally by Tharad Formation.

## Paleobiota
### Vertebrates
#### Mammals

Source:
Anthracobunians from the Cambay Shale formation :
| Genus | Species | Notes |
| Cambaytherium | C. thewissi C. gracilis C. bidens | A cambaytheriid. |
| Kalitherium | K. marinus | Another cambaytheriid. |
| Indobune | I. vastanensis | A possible anthracobunid. |
Primates from the Cambay Shale formation :
| Genus | Species | Notes |
| Asiadapis | A. cambayensis A. tapiensis | An Asiadapine. |
| Marcgodinotius | M. indicus | Another Asiadapine. |
| Vastanomys | V. gracilis V. major | A omomyid. |
Hyaenodonts from the Cambay Shale formation :
| Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images |
| Indohyaenodon | I.raoi | | A hyaenodont. | |
Dichobunids from the Cambay Shale formation :
| Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images |
| Diacodexis | D.indica D.pakistanensis D.parvus | | A Diacodexeine. | |
Tapiromorphs from the Cambay Shale formation :
| Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images |
| Cambaylophus | C. vastanensis | | A tapiromorph. | |
| Vastanolophus | V. holbrooki | | A tapiromorph. | |
Cimolestans from the Cambay Shale formation :
| Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images |
| Suratilestes | S. gingerichi | | A cimolestan. | |
| Anthraconyx | A. hypsomylus | | A esthonychid | |
Bats from the Cambay Shale formation :
| Genus | Species | Notes |
| Archaeonycteris | A. storchi | A bat. |
| Protonycteris | P. gunnelli | A bat. |
| Cambaya | C. complexus | A bat. |
| Hassianycteris | H. kumari | A bat. |
| Icaronycteris | I. sigei | A bat. |
| Jaegeria | J. cambayensis | A bat. |
| Microchiropteryx | M. folieae | A bat. |
Other mammals from the Cambay Shale formation :
| Genus | Species | Notes |
| Frugivastodon | F. cristatus | A apatemyid. |
| Indolestes | I. kalamensis | An adapisoriculid. |
| Indodelphis | I. luoi | A opossum. |
| Meldimys | M. musak | A rodent. |
| Indonyctia | I. cambayensis | A nyctitheriid. |
| Pahelia | P. mysteriosa | A herbivorous mammal of uncertain affinities. |

#### Birds

Birds from the Cambay Shale formation :
| Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images |
| Vastanavis | V.eocaena | | A parrot. | |

#### Reptiles

Lizards from the Cambay Shale formation :
| Genus | Species | Notes |
| Indiagama | I. gujarata | A iguanian. |
| Suratagama | S. neeraae | A iguanian. |
| Tinosaurus | T. indicus | A iguanian. |
| Vastanagama | V. susanae | A iguanian. |
| Heterodontagama | H. borsukae | A priscagamid iguanian. |
Snakes from the Cambay Shale formation :
| Genus | Species | Notes |
| Platyspondylophis | P. tadkeshwarensis | A Madtsoiid. |
| Russellophis | R. crassus | A russelophiid. |
| Procerophis | P. sahnii | A snake. |
| Thaumastophis | T. missiaeni | A snake. |
| Palaeophis | P. vastaniensis | A paleophiid snake. |

#### Amphibians

Amphibians from the Cambay Shale formation :
| Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images |
| Eobarbourula | E. delfinoi | | A toad. | |
| Indorana | I.prasadi | | A frog. | |

#### Ray-finned fish

Ray-finned fish from the Cambay Shale formation :
| Genus | Species | Material | Notes |
| Avitoplectus | A. molaris | Lower jaw | A bizarre tetraodontiform. |
| Diodon | D. sp. | Teeth | A porcupinefish. |
| Egertonia | E. sp. | Teeth | A phyllodontid elopomorph. |
| ?Enchodus | ?E. sp. | Teeth | An enchodontid aulopiform. Among the latest known remains of this otherwise Cretaceous genus, but may potentially represent reworked material from lower layers. |
| Eotrigonodon | E. indicus | Teeth | A pycnodont. |
| Eutrichiurides | E. sp. | Teeth | A cutlassfish. |
| Osteoglossidae indet. | | Teeth, scales | A bonytongue. |
| Sphyraena | S. sp. | Teeth | A barracuda. |
| Stephanodus | S. lybicus | Teeth | A pycnodont. |

### Arthropods
#### Crabs

Crabs from the Cambay Shale formation :
| Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images |
| Philyra | P. karkata | | A leucosiid crab. | |

#### Insects

Beetles from the Cambay Shale formation :
| Genus | Species | Notes |
| Protoclaviger | P.trichodens | A Beetle. |
| Cambaltica | C. paleoindica | A Flea Beetle. |
| Paleosorius | P. cambayensis | A Rove Beetle. |
Hemipterans from the Cambay Shale formation :
| Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images |
| Heteromargarodes | H. hukamsinghi H. americanus | | A sand pearl. | |
| Normarkicoccus | N. cambayae | | A diaspidid scale insect. | |
Neuropterans from the Cambay Shale formation :
| Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images |
| Spiloconis | S. sexguttata S. glaesaria S. oediloma S. eominuta | | A Aleuropterygine Coniopterygid. | |
Bees from the Cambay Shale formation :
| Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images |
| Melikertes | M. (Paramelikertes) gujaratensis M. (Melikertes) kamboja | | A bee. | |
Wasps from the Cambay Shale formation :
| Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images |
| Trichelyon | T. tadkeshwarense | | A braconid wasp. | |
Termites from the Cambay Shale formation :
| Genus | Species | Notes |
| Nanotermes | N. isaacae | A termitid termite. |
| Prostylotermes | P. kamboja | A Stylotermitid termite. |
| Parastylotermes | P. krishnai | A Stylotermitid termite. |
| Zophotermes | Z. ashoki | A Rhinotermitid termite |
Flies from the Cambay Shale formation :
| Genus | Species | Notes |
| Sycorax | S. longistyla | A moth fly. |
| Phlebotoiella | P. eoindianensis | A moth fly of unceritian affinities. |
| Dicranomyia | D. (Dicranomyia) indica | The oldest known Crane fly and tipulomorph. |
| Stempellina | S.pollex S.stebneri | A non-biting midge |
| Tanytarsus | T.forfex T.ramus | A non-biting midge |
| Camptopterohelea | C. odora | A non-biting midge |
| Eohelea | E. indica | A biting midge |
| Gedanohelea | G. gerdesorum | A biting midge |
| Indorrhina | I.sahnii | A biting midge |
| Lygistorrhina | L. indica | A biting midge |
| Meunierohelea | M. borkenti | A biting midge |
| Meunierohelea | M. cambayana | A biting midge |
| Meunierohelea | M. orientalis | A biting midge |
| Palaeognoriste | P. orientale | A biting midge |
Webspinners from the Cambay Shale formation :
| Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images |
| Kumarembia | K. hurleyi | | One of the few fossil Webspinners known. | |

#### Arachnids

Whip spiders from the Cambay Shale formation :
| Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images |
| Paracharonopsis | P. cambayensis | | A Paracharontid. | |

### Plants

Plants from the Cambay Shale formation :
| Genus | Species | Notes |
| Pterospermoxylon | P. suratensis | An angiosperm. |
| Anthocephalophyllum | A. vastanicum | An angiosperm. |
| Ebenoxylon | E. cambayense | An angiosperm. |
| Gardeniophyllum | G. cambayum | An angiosperm. |
| Calophyllaceophyllum | C. eocenicum | An angiosperm. |
| Carallioipollenites | C. integerrimoides | An angiosperm known from fossilised pollen. |
| Gynocardia | G. eocenica | An angiosperm. |
| Color key Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon | Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited. |