OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William Ward (Pennsylvania politician)

William Ward (January 1, 1837 – February 27, 1895) was an American politician from Pennsylvania who served as a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania's 6th congressional district from 1877 to 1883.

## Life and career

William Ward was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He attended Girard College in Philadelphia. He learned the art of printing in the office of the Delaware County Republican in Chester, Pennsylvania. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in August 1859 and commenced practice in Chester. He was also engaged in the land business and banking. He served as a member of the Chester City Council and city solicitor.

### Congress

Ward was elected as a Republican to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty-seventh Congresses. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1882.

### Later career and death

He resumed the practice of his profession and his former business pursuits in Chester where he died in 1895. Interment in the Chester Rural Cemetery.

## Sources

* United States Congress. "William Ward (id: W000143)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
* The Political Graveyard
U.S. House of Representatives :
| Preceded byWashington Townsend | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania's 6th congressional district 1877–1883 | Succeeded byJames B. Everhart |
# North Temple station

North Temple station is a commuter rail station in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, that is served by FrontRunner, Utah Transit Authority's (UTA) commuter rail train that operates along the Wasatch Front with service from Ogden in central Weber County through Davis County, Salt Lake City, and Salt Lake County to Provo in central Utah County. It is adjacent to (north of) the North Temple Bridge/Guadalupe (TRAX station. The station is operated by UTA.

## Description

The station is located at 480 West 200 North and can be accessed from North 490 West at 200 North on the east and North 500 West on the south, but is also accessible from the west at West 300 North (on the north). East of the station is West High School and south of the station is The Gateway, including the former Union Pacific Depot. The station is located within the Quiet Zone, so trains do not routinely sound their horns when approaching public crossings within this corridor.
The station is an infill station created to connect the Green Line to the FrontRunner after the Green Line was routed away from Salt Lake Central as part of the TRAX Airport Extension. Like many other UTA stations, this station has artwork included in its design. The artwork for both the North Temple and the North Temple Bridge/Guadalupe stations is the stairway and elevator connecting the two stations. The roof of the stairway and sides of the elevator shaft were designed to have the appearance of a crystal. It is called Crystal Light and was designed by Catherine Widgery of Cambridge, Massachusetts. Although not part of FrontRunner South, the North Temple station opened on the same date as that extension, December 10, 2012.
# Cooper K. Watson

Cooper Kinderdine Watson (June 18, 1810 – May 20, 1880, age 69) was a U.S. Representative from Ohio.
Born in Jefferson County, Kentucky, Watson pursued preparatory studies. He studied law. He was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Delaware, Ohio. He moved to Marion, Ohio. He was an unsuccessful candidate for prosecuting attorney of Marion County in 1839. He moved to Tiffin, Ohio, and practiced law for twenty years or more.
Watson was elected as a Republican and Oppositionist to the Thirty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1857). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1856 to the Thirty-fifth Congress. He resumed the practice of law. He moved to Sandusky, Ohio. He served as member of the State constitutional convention in 1871. He was appointed judge of the court of common pleas in 1876 and served until his death in Sandusky, Ohio, May 20, 1880. He was interred in Greenlawn Cemetery, Tiffin, Ohio.
In 1830 Watson married Caroline S. Durkee, who survived him with four children.
# David K. Watson

David Kemper Watson (June 18, 1849 – September 28, 1918) was an American lawyer and politician who served one term as a U.S. Representative from Ohio from 1895 to 1897.

## Biography

Born near London, Ohio, Watson was graduated from Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, in 1871 and from the law department of Boston University in 1873. He was admitted to the bar and commenced practice. He served as assistant United States district attorney for the southern district of Ohio during the administration of President Arthur.
Watson was elected attorney general of Ohio in 1887 and reelected in 1889. In 1890, he successfully prosecuted the Standard Oil Company under the Sherman Antitrust Act, leading the court to dissolve the trust. He served as special counsel for the United States in the suits brought by the Government against the Pacific railroads in 1892.
Watson was elected as a Republican to the Fifty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1895 – March 3, 1897). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1896 to the Fifty-fifth Congress. He was appointed by President William McKinley as a member of the commission to revise and codify the laws of the United States. He resumed the practice of law.
He died in Columbus, Ohio, September 28, 1918. He was interred in Green Lawn Cemetery.
Watson was married to Louise M. Harrison, daughter of Hon. Richard A. Harrison of Columbus, Ohio, in 1873, and had a son and a daughter.

## Publications

* Watson, David K. (1890). "The Early Judiciary, Early Laws and Bar of Ohio". Ohio Archaeological and Historical Publications. 3: 141–160.
* David K. Watson (1910). The constitution of the united states: its history, application and construction. Imprenta: Chicago, Callaghan, 1910.
# Canadian International (badminton)

The Canadian International in badminton is an international open held in Canada.
As many other international championships in badminton, that usually carry the name of the main sponsor, it is designed as KLRC Atwater Canadian International.

## Previous winners

| Year | Men's singles | Women's singles | Men's doubles | Women's doubles | Mixed doubles | Ref |
| 2008 | Shoji Sato | Tai Yi | Keishi Kawaguchi Naoki Kawamae | Reika Kakiiwa Mizuki Fujii | Chen Hung-ling Chou Chia-chi | |
| 2009 | Rajiv Ouseph | Nozomi Kametani | Naoki Kawamae Shoji Sato | Aki Akao Yasuyo Imabeppu | Kevin Cao Melody Liang | |
| 2010 | Kęstutis Navickas | Hitomi Oka | Ruud Bosch Koen Ridder | Nicole Grether Charmaine Reid | Toby Ng Grace Gao | |
| 2011 | Carl Baxter | Michelle Li | Adrian Liu Derrick Ng | Alex Bruce Michelle Li | Toby Ng Grace Gao | |
| 2012 | No competition | No competition | No competition | No competition | No competition | No competition |
| 2013 | Eric Pang | Michelle Li | Hsu Jui-ting Tien Jen-chieh | Eva Lee Paula Lynn Obañana | Nathan Robertson Jenny Wallwork | |
| 2014– 2019 | No competition | No competition | No competition | No competition | No competition | No competition |
| 2020 | Cancelled | Cancelled | Cancelled | Cancelled | Cancelled | |
| 2021 | Cancelled | Cancelled | Cancelled | Cancelled | Cancelled | |
| 2022 | Takuma Obayashi | Michelle Li | Rasmus Kjær Frederik Søgaard | Annie Xu Kerry Xu | Mathias Thyrri Amalie Magelund | |
| 2023 | Brian Yang | Wenyu Zhang | Mohamad Arif Abdul Latif Jonathan Lai | Jacqueline Cheung Rachel Honderich | Rian Agung Saputro Serena Kani | |
| 2024 | Brian Yang | Juliana Viana Vieira | Chen Zhi-yi Presley Smith | Lin Wan-ching Liu Chiao-yun | Fabrício Farias Jaqueline Lima | |
* ↑ This tournament, originally to be played from 31 March to 5 April, was later cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada.
* ↑ This tournament, originally to be played from 10–14 February, was later cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada.

## Performance by nations

    As of the MS and XD of 2024 edition
| Pos | Nation | MS | WS | MD | WD | XD | Total |
| 1 | Canada | 2 | 4 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 13 |
| 2 | Japan | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 8 |
| 3 | Chinese Taipei | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 3 | England | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| 3 | United States | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| 6 | Brazil | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 6 | Denmark | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 6 | Netherlands | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 9 | China | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 9 | Indonesia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 9 | Lithuania | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 12 | Germany | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.5 |
| 12 | Malaysia | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 |
| Total | Total | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 40 |
# Thomas Whitehead (politician)

Thomas Whitehead (December 27, 1825 – July 1, 1901) was a nineteenth-century politician, lawyer, editor and merchant from Virginia.

## Biography

Born in Lovingston, Virginia, Whitehead received a limited education as a child, later engaged in mercantile pursuits, studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1849, commencing practice in Amherst, Virginia. During the Civil War, he served in the Confederate Army as captain of Company E, 2nd Virginia Cavalry from 1862 to 1865, was twice wounded and was promoted to Major on April 15, 1865. Afterwards, he was elected to the Virginia Senate, but Reconstruction prevented him from taking seat. Whitehead was elected prosecuting attorney for Amherst County, Virginia in 1866 and again in 1869, resigning in 1873. He was elected as a Democrat to the United States House of Representatives in 1872, serving from 1873 to 1875 and afterwards was editor of the Lynchburg News in 1876 and of the Lynchburg Advance in 1880. Whitehead resumed practicing law and was elected commissioner of agriculture for Virginia in 1888, serving until his death on July 1, 1901, near Lynchburg, Virginia. He was interred in Spring Hill Cemetery in Lynchburg.

## Electoral history

1872; Whitehead was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives with 51.40% of the vote, defeating Independent J. Foote Johnson.
# Burton Turkus

Burton B. Turkus (December 2, 1902 – November 22, 1982) was an attorney and arbitrator best known for prosecuting members of the Brooklyn gang known as "Murder, Inc.".
He served as assistant district attorney and chief of the Homicide Division in the Office of the District Attorney, Kings County (Brooklyn).

## Career

As an assistant district attorney in Brooklyn in 1940, Turkus interrogated mobster Abe Reles, who had been arrested for murder. Reles became a government informant who revealed the existence of a violent gang of racketeers in the Brownsville section of Brooklyn. The group was named "Murder Inc." by the press. Reles's revelations led to numerous other prosecutions. Turkus prosecuted Murder Inc. and sent seven of its members to the electric chair. He was later an arbitrator and a member of the State Board of Mediation.
In the early 1950s, Turkus became host of the TV series Mr. Arsenic. He also wrote about his experiences in a book entitled Murder Inc. (1951) and was portrayed in the 1960 movie about Murder Inc. by Henry Morgan. In 2012 Murder Inc. was republished by Tenacity Media Books, an imprint of investigative reporter Peter Lance. In the forward to this, Lance describes how his examination of the FBI's counter-terrorism investigations that began when he was a reporter for ABC News' Nightline had been informed by the Turkus book and later led him to discover an extraordinary link between the FBI and a 1996 Bureau sting of an al Qaeda terrorist involved in 9/11.
The Burton Turkus Papers, which document his career, are housed in the Lloyd Sealy Library Special Collections at John Jay College of Criminal Justice. Many photographs from his papers have been digitized in the Lloyd Sealy Library Digital Collections. Additional documents and papers relating to the career of Burton Turkus can also be found at the Brooklyn Collection, Brooklyn Public Library's local history division.
# Eleven Days in May

Eleven Days in May is a 2022 documentary that revolves around life in Gaza. Co-directed by Mohammed Sawwaf and Michael Winterbottom, Palestinian and British filmmakers respectively, the film specifically focusses on an 11 day bombing campaign by Israel. The aim of the film was to memorialize the children of Palestine who were killed. The documentary includes interviews from the families that were victims of the bombing. The film was given a 18 certificate since it showed the dead bodies of children. The film was distributed by Stalwart Revolution Films.

## Review

Guardian wrote about the film, "The effect (of the film) is repetitive, relentless – much like the events themselves. It is a very bleak picture, something to be compared perhaps with Garry Keane and Andrew McConnell’s film Gaza about life under siege" The Times wrote "It’s an 18-certificate horror show, but culled from real life." The Telegraph rated it 5 out of 5 and write "Assembling a memorial to the dead is all this film is doing, and everything it needs to do. We’re not embroiled in disputing anything: in terms of what’s strictly on screen, there’s nothing to dispute"
# Timothy R. Young

Timothy Roberts Young (November 19, 1811 – May 12, 1898) was an American attorney, farmer, and politician. He served as a U.S. Representative from Illinois in the late 1840s and early 1850s.

## Early life and career

Born in Dover, New Hampshire, Young completed preparatory studies and attended Phillips Exeter Academy. He graduated from Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine in 1835. He studied law in Dover and was admitted to the bar in 1838. Young moved to Marshall, Illinois in the spring of 1838 and practiced law for ten years.
He was elected as a Democratic United States Representative to the Thirty-first Congress, serving the third district of Illinois. Young served from March 4, 1849, to March 3, 1851. He served on the House Committee on Public Lands.
After leaving Congress, he moved to Mattoon, Illinois, and became interested in the manufacture of plug tobacco, in which he worked for ten years as a wholesale tobacco merchant. He was involved in the railroad and engaged in agricultural pursuits near Casey, Illinois. He served a delegate to the Illinois state constitutional convention from Clark County in 1862.

## Personal life

Young married Margarette E. Jones in 1852. They had three children, Fanny Jones Young, Kimball Young, and Ellen Swepson Young.

## Death

Young died in Oilfield, Illinois, near Casey, Illinois, on May 12, 1898 (age 86 years, 174 days). He is interred in Marshall Cemetery in Marshall, Illinois.
# Arrondissement of Lannion

The arrondissement of Lannion is an arrondissement of France in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the Brittany region. It has 57 communes. Its population is 100,259 (2021), and its area is 904.4 km$^2$ (349.2 sq mi).

## Composition

The communes of the arrondissement of Lannion, and their INSEE codes, are:
* Berhet (22006)
* Camlez (22028)
* Caouënnec-Lanvézéac (22030)
* Cavan (22034)
* Coatascorn (22041)
* Coatréven (22042)
* Kerbors (22085)
* Kermaria-Sulard (22090)
* Langoat (22101)
* Lanmérin (22110)
* Lanmodez (22111)
* Lannion (22113)
* Lanvellec (22119)
* Lézardrieux (22127)
* Loguivy-Plougras (22131)
* Louannec (22134)
* Mantallot (22141)
* Minihy-Tréguier (22152)
* Penvénan (22166)
* Perros-Guirec (22168)
* Plestin-les-Grèves (22194)
* Pleubian (22195)
* Pleudaniel (22196)
* Pleumeur-Bodou (22198)
* Pleumeur-Gautier (22199)
* Plouaret (22207)
* Ploubezre (22211)
* Plougras (22217)
* Plougrescant (22218)
* Plouguiel (22221)
* Ploulec'h (22224)
* Ploumilliau (22226)
* Plounérin (22227)
* Plounévez-Moëdec (22228)
* Plouzélambre (22235)
* Plufur (22238)
* Pluzunet (22245)
* Prat (22254)
* Quemperven (22257)
* La Roche-Jaudy (22264)
* Rospez (22265)
* Saint-Michel-en-Grève (22319)
* Saint-Quay-Perros (22324)
* Tonquédec (22340)
* Trébeurden (22343)
* Trédarzec (22347)
* Trédrez-Locquémeau (22349)
* Tréduder (22350)
* Trégastel (22353)
* Trégrom (22359)
* Tréguier (22362)
* Trélévern (22363)
* Trémel (22366)
* Trévou-Tréguignec (22379)
* Trézény (22381)
* Troguéry (22383)
* Le Vieux-Marché (22387)

## History

The arrondissement of Lannion was created in 1800.
As a result of the reorganisation of the cantons of France which came into effect in 2015, the borders of the cantons are no longer related to the borders of the arrondissements. The cantons of the arrondissement of Lannion were, as of January 2015:
* Lannion
* Lézardrieux
* Perros-Guirec
* Plestin-les-Grèves
* Plouaret
* La Roche-Derrien
* Tréguier
# Taybad County

Taybad County (Persian: شهرستان تایباد) is in Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Taybad.

## History

After the 2006 National Census, Bakharz District was separated from the county in the establishment of Bakharz County.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 census, the county's population was 143,205, in 31,291 households. The following census in 2011 counted 108,424 people in 26,673 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the county as 117,564 in 30,718 households.

### Administrative divisions

Taybad County's population history and administrative structure over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table.
Taybad County Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
| Central District | 75,893 | 85,468 | 92,205 |
| Karat RD | 14,411 | 16,922 | 17,955 |
| Pain Velayat RD | 5,689 | 5,875 | 6,586 |
| Kariz (city) | 9,565 | 10,391 | 11,102 |
| Taybad (city) | 46,228 | 52,280 | 56,562 |
| Bakharz District | 40,076 | | |
| Bakharz RD | 16,077 | | |
| Bala Velayat RD | 17,145 | | |
| Bakharz (city) | 6,854 | | |
| Miyan Velayat District | 27,236 | 22,956 | 25,357 |
| Dasht-e Taybad RD | 11,315 | 8,480 | 9,491 |
| Kuhsangi RD | 7,614 | 5,265 | 5,761 |
| Mashhad Rizeh (city) | 8,307 | 9,211 | 10,105 |
| Total | 143,205 | 108,424 | 117,564 |
| RD = Rural District ||||
# Interference (chess)

| | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | |
| 8 | | | | | | | | | 8 |
| 7 | | | | | | | | | 7 |
| 6 | | | | | | | | | 6 |
| 5 | | | | | | | | | 5 |
| 4 | | | | | | | | | 4 |
| 3 | | | | | | | | | 3 |
| 2 | | | | | | | | | 2 |
| 1 | | | | | | | | | 1 |
| | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | |
In the game of chess, interference occurs when the line between an attacked piece and its defender is interrupted by sacrificially interposing a piece. It is a chess tactic which seldom arises, and is therefore often overlooked. Opportunities for interference are rare because the defended object must be more valuable than the sacrificed piece, and the interposition must itself present a threat. Huczek defines interference as a tactic involving blocking moves that obstruct lines of attack. This definition may be expanded by including blocking moves that disrupt lines of defense.

## Examples

| | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | |
| 8 | | | | | | | | | 8 |
| 7 | | | | | | | | | 7 |
| 6 | | | | | | | | | 6 |
| 5 | | | | | | | | | 5 |
| 4 | | | | | | | | | 4 |
| 3 | | | | | | | | | 3 |
| 2 | | | | | | | | | 2 |
| 1 | | | | | | | | | 1 |
| | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | |
In diagram A, White to play will apparently be obliged to retreat the knight from f5, because the squares to which it could advance are all guarded. The interference move 1.Nd6+, however, interrupts the black rook's defense of the black queen. If Black plays either 1...cxd6 or 1...Bxd6, White will capture Black's queen. Therefore, Black has no better play than 1...Rxd6 2.exd6 Qxe2 3.Rxe2 Bxd6, conceding the exchange for a pawn.
A more subtle example of interference occurs when the interposing piece interrupts two lines simultaneously. In this case, the moving piece does not have to pose a threat by itself. Instead, it makes the opponent "trip over their own feet" because capturing the offending piece will necessarily break one line of defense or the other.
| | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | |
| 8 | | | | | | | | | 8 |
| 7 | | | | | | | | | 7 |
| 6 | | | | | | | | | 6 |
| 5 | | | | | | | | | 5 |
| 4 | | | | | | | | | 4 |
| 3 | | | | | | | | | 3 |
| 2 | | | | | | | | | 2 |
| 1 | | | | | | | | | 1 |
| | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | |
In diagram B, White is at a material disadvantage, and apparently can't queen the a-pawn because the black bishop guards the queening square. However, 1.Nd5! interferes with the bishop and with the black rooks' defense of each other. If 1...Bxd5, 2.Rxd8 is crushing. If 1...R8xd5, then 2.Rh8 mate. The best Black can do is 1...R2xd5, interfering with the bishop's guard of a8 and permitting 2.a8=Q.
Although interferences are quite rare in actual play, they are a common theme in chess problems. The device in the last example above, in which a sacrifice occurs on the intersection of the defensive lines of two differently moving pieces, is known to problemists as a Novotny. Various other types of interference are given specific names in problem terminology, including the Grimshaw, Plachutta (where the two pieces both move orthogonally; see a beautiful example by Tarrasch), anti-Bristol, Holzhausen and Wurzburg–Plachutta.
# K. Jayachandra Reddy

K. Jayachandra Reddy (15 July 1929 – 9 February 2020) was a judge of the Supreme Court of India.

## Early life

Reddy was born in Rayachoti, Cuddapah District, Andhra Pradesh. He received a high school education at the Theosophical High School at Madanapalli and Board High School at Rayachoti. He attended Government College at Anantapur, and Besant Theosophical College at Madanapalli. He earned a B.L. degree at Madras Law College in 1951.

## Career

Jayachandra Reddy enrolled as an Advocate of Madras High Court on 4 August 1952 where he practiced mainly, Criminal Law and Constitutional Law. He joined the office of Sri P. Basireddy, who later retired as Acting Chief Justice of A.P. High Court.
He moved to Hyderabad on 1 November 1956 after formation of Andhra Pradesh. He was then appointed as Additional Public Prosecutor of the Andhra Pradesh High Court in 1965 and as Principal Public Prosecutor of the High Court in 1970.
Reddy was elevated to the Bench of the A.P. High Court on 7 March 1975 where he was appointed as an Additional Judge of the High Court of Andhra Pradesh for a period of two years. He was Chairman of the A.P. State Legal Aid Board; Chairman of the Rules Committee of the High Court and Chairman of the Advisory Board. He was then appointed as permanent Judge of A.P. High Court with effect from 30 June 1976.

### Supreme court

Justice Reddy was elevated to the Supreme Court Bench on 11 January 1990. He retired on 15 July 1994 but was sworn in again as Ad hoc Judge for one more year. He was chairman of the National Law Commission from July 1995 to August 1997.
Justice Reddy was appointed by the United Nations in 1999 as a Member of the Expert Group, to review the effective operation and functioning of the International Criminal Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and for Rwanda. The Expert Group, apart from Reddy, consisted of a Supreme Court Judge from Argentina, a Supreme Court Judge from Gambia, the then President of the United Nations Administrative Tribunal and a former Under-secretary General of the U.N. The Report submitted was considered by the U.N. General Assembly.
After leaving the Supreme Court, Reddy was given the National Law Day Award in 1996 by the Indian Council of Jurists, the Chairman of which was Justice P. N. Bhagwati and the Award was presented by the then Prime Minister. In 1994, he was given the Rajiv Gandhi Excellence Award for his excellent services rendered in the legal field. It was presented by the Speaker of the Parliament.
Justice Reddy was Chairman of the Press Council of India from 8 August 2001 to 7 February 2005.
He died in February 2020 at the age of 90.