OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Early Morning Spire

Early Morning Spire is an 8,200-foot (2,499-metre) mountain summit located in North Cascades National Park, in Skagit County of Washington state. The peak lies 0.29 mi (0.47 km) west-northwest of Dorado Needle, 1.05 mi (1.69 km) north-northwest of Eldorado Peak and 1.08 mi (1.74 km) southeast of Perdition Peak. It can be seen from the North Cascades Highway, west of Marblemount at a road pullout alongside the Skagit River. The first ascent of the peak was made in 1971 by Richard Emerson and Tom Hornbein via the Southwest Face. They made a chilly bivouac near the summit, which is how the peak's name came to be. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into Marble Creek, a tributary of the Cascade River.

## Climate

Early Morning Spire is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Weather fronts coming off the Pacific Ocean travel northeast toward the Cascade Mountains. As fronts approach the North Cascades, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range (orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the Cascades. As a result, the west side of the North Cascades experiences high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer.

## Geology

The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks, spires, ridges, and deep glacial valleys. Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to the various climate differences.
The history of the formation of the Cascade Mountains dates back millions of years ago to the late Eocene Epoch. With the North American Plate overriding the Pacific Plate, episodes of volcanic igneous activity persisted. In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago.
During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured and shaped the landscape. A small unnamed glacial remnant lies on the southeast aspect of Early Morning Spire, and the Marble Creek Glacier lies to the north. The U-shaped cross section of the river valleys is a result of recent glaciation. Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.

## Climbing Routes

Climbing Routes on Early Morning Spire
* Southwest Face - class 5.8
* Southeast Face - class 5.7
* North Route - class 4

## Gallery

* Early Morning Spire from Hidden Lake Peaks
# George Peter (politician, died 1893)

George Peter (November 28, 1829 – Augustus 9, 1893) was a Democrat American politician in the state of Maryland.
George Peter was born in Montgomery County, Maryland, to politician George Peter and Sarah Norfleet Freeland. He followed in his father's footsteps and became a delegate to the Maryland constitutional convention in 1864. In 1878 he became a member of the Maryland State Senate, which he remained until 1888. In 1888 he also became president of the Senate.
He died in 1893, location unknown, and was buried in Oak Hill Cemetery, Washington D.C. He was the father of Arthur Peter, who also became a Maryland politician.
# Lifter (album)

Lifter is the second album for the Dallas, Texas-based band Edgewater released in 2001.
The album was recorded independently and some of its tracks were included on their first release, as well as their Wind-up debut, South of Sideways.

## Track listing

All tracks written by Matt Moseman, Micah Creel, Justin Middleton, Cameron Woolf, and Jeremy "Worm" Rees, except for "I Won't Back Down".
* "Sweet Suffocation" – 3:17
* "Eyes Wired Shut" – 3:14
* "Break Me Out" – 3:56
* "Neglected" – 4:05
* "Tres Quatros" – 3:44
* "Ode To You" – 4:00
* "One Perfect Something" – 3:32
* "Echo" – 3:33
* "I Won't Back Down" – 2:58 (Tom Petty, Jeff Lynne)
* "Lifter" – 4:58

## Personnel

* Matt Moseman - vocals
* Micah Creel - guitar
* Justin Middleton - guitar
* Cameron Woolf - bass
* Jeremy "Worm" Rees - drums
# The Underground Railroad (painting)

The Underground Railroad, also called Fugitives Arriving at Levi Coffin's Indiana Farm, a Busy Station of the Underground Railroad, is the best known of artist Charles T. Webber's paintings. The painting shows a large family of escaped Southern slaves being received in the Northern winter by a group of white abolitionists led by Quaker Levi Coffin.

## Background

The Weber painting shows black slaves, fugitives from the south, being guided through the snow to shelter at the Indiana farm of Levi Coffin and his wife. The family helping the slaves are Quakers. The painting includes two common stereotypes of the Underground Railroad: helpless slaves and their heroic Quaker saviors. Mary Ellen Snodgrass writes:
   The focus of the dramatic grouping reflects the daring and resourcefulness of blacks, old and young, in fleeing the South. The scenario honors stationkeepers in cold northern climes, which Webber depicted with an icy white background.
Hannah Haydock, another abolitionist, is also present at the scene as Coffin, standing on the wagon, is shown helping the slaves with his wife, Catherine.

## W. H. Siebert

The painting was exhibited prominently at a Chicago fair in 1893; Wilbur Henry Siebert, in attendance at the fair, found the subject of the painting particularly poignant. The young instructor, so moved by the emotional experience of viewing the painting, published his own book on the subject of the Underground Railroad five years later. This volume gave "scholarly sanction" to subsequent materials proliferated on the subject of the railroad. These later works were a mix of fact and legend. Siebert included a photo of the painting in The Underground Railroad from Slavery to Freedom (1898).
After the artist's death in 1911 the painting was purchased for the Cincinnati Art Museum.
# Weißbach bei Lofer

Weißbach bei Lofer is a municipality in the district of Zell am See (Pinzgau region), in the state of Salzburg in Austria.
# Golf at the 1986 Asian Games

Golf was one of the many sports which was held at the 1986 Asian Games in Hanyang Country Club Course, Seoul, South Korea between 21 and 24 September 1986.
The competition included only men's events, individual and team.

## Medalists

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Individual details | Ramon Brobio Philippines | Kim Ki-sub South Korea | Takahiro Nakagawa Japan |
| Team details | South Korea Kim Jong-pil Kim Ki-sub Kim Sung-ho Kwak Yu-hyun | Japan Takahiro Nakagawa Tomio Otomo Tetsuo Sakata Tsuyoshi Yoneyama | Philippines Ramon Brobio Robert Pactolerin Wilfredo Victoria Carito Villaroman |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | South Korea (KOR) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 2 | Philippines (PHI) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 3 | Japan (JPN) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Totals (3 entries) | Totals (3 entries) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 |
# Giovanni Battista Nicolai

Giovanni Battista Nicolai (30 March 1726 – 15 July 1793) was an Italian mathematician and professor at the University of Padua. He was archpriest of Padernello, a frazione of Paese.

## Works

* Dissertazioni due fisico-matematiche (in Italian). Padua: Tipografia del Seminario. 1772.
* Della possibilità della reale soluzione analitica del caso irreducibile (in Italian). Padua: Tipografia del Seminario. 1783.
* Nova analyseos elementa (in Latin). Vol. 1. Padua: Tipografia del Seminario. 1786. Bibcode:1786nae..book.....N.
* Nova analyseos elementa (in Latin). Vol. 2. Padua: Tipografia del Seminario. 1793.
# Charles Sterrett Ridgely

Charles Sterrett Ridgely (c. 1781 – 5 January 1847) was an American land developer and legislator.

## Biography

Charles Sterrett Ridgely was born around 1781. His parents were John Sterrett a privateer, and Deborah Ridgley. His father purchased 1,696 acres patented as Felicity from Mathias Hammond settling in what is now Howard County Maryland. Charles Sterrett graduated St. Johns College in 1802. In June 1810 Charles purchased 567 acres of the family estate from his mother and commissioned Oakland Manor, which is situated in the center of the current Rouse Company land development project Columbia.
Changing his last name from Sterrett to Ridgely to be in line for inheritance of his great uncle's estate (Capt. Charles Ridgely of Hampton), Charles accumulated 2,300 acres of land. He served as a Major in the Maryland Militia in the War of 1812. In 1824-25, he was assigned as a Colonel of a horse troop to protect General Lafayette. He was a member of the Maryland House of Delegates in 1834-1836 and 1838-1841. He was elected speaker of the house in 1838, 1840 and 1841. His son Randolf Ridgley served in the Mexican–American War, taking command after the death of Samuel Ringgold.
# Edward F. Tattnall

Edward Fenwick Tattnall (June 3, 1788 – November 21, 1832) was an American politician, soldier and lawyer.

## Biography

Born in Savannah, Georgia in 1788, Tattnall was educated in England. He was solicitor general from November 1816 until September 1817. He served in the Georgia House of Representatives in 1818 and 1819. Tattnall was elected as a Democratic-Republican Representative from Georgia to the 17th United States Congress. He was reelected to the 18th, 19th and 20th United States Congresses and served from March 4, 1821, until his resignation in 1827 before the start of the 20th Congress.
Tattnall served as first captain of the Savannah Volunteer Guards. He died in Savannah on November 21, 1832, and was buried in that city's Bonaventure Cemetery.
# Paratylenchus projectus

Paratylenchus projectus is a plant pathogenic nematode infecting several hosts including African violet, soybean, and sunflower.
# Ivor Bird

Ivor Grenville Theophilus Bird (29 February 1944 – 3 December 2024) was an Antiguan businessman and the son of Vere Bird, one-time Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda.
Bird was a high jumper and he was the last gold medallist in that event at the British West Indies Championships in 1965. His brother, Lester Bird, was also a track athlete and former champion at this competition. Ivor Bird also represented Antigua and Barbuda in high jump at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games.
The director of ZDK, Antigua's government broadcasting system, in 1995 Bird was caught smuggling 10 kg of cocaine through V. C. Bird International Airport with an accomplice, Marcus Alberto Chapman. He was formally charged with possession of cocaine with the intent to both sell and transfer by Judge Mario Ducillo, and released on 50,000 East Caribbean dollars bail. Having pleaded not guilty, he was represented by John Platts-Mills, Steadroy Benjamin, and David Toms, Jr.; despite this representation, he was convicted on 15 May 1995 following 45 minutes of deliberations. He was ordered to either pay a fine of 200,000 dollars or face two years in jail, and paid the fine shortly before the court closed; he continued to serve as head of ZDK.
On 3 December 2024, Bird was found dead at his residence in Halcyon Heights. He was 79.
# Table tennis at the 1986 Asian Games

Table tennis was contested from 22 September 1986 to 30 September 1986 at the 1986 Asian Games in Seoul, South Korea.
Table tennis had team, doubles and singles events for men and women, as well as a mixed doubles competition. China finished first in medal table by winning four gold medals.

## Medalists

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men's singles | Yoo Nam-kyu South Korea | Hui Jun China | Yoshihito Miyazaki Japan |
| Men's singles | Yoo Nam-kyu South Korea | Hui Jun China | Kim Wan South Korea |
| Men's doubles | China Teng Yi Hui Jun | South Korea Kim Wan Yoo Nam-kyu | Japan Kiyoshi Saito Juzo Nukazuka |
| Men's doubles | China Teng Yi Hui Jun | South Korea Kim Wan Yoo Nam-kyu | South Korea Ahn Jae-hyung Park Chang-ik |
| Men's team | South Korea Ahn Jae-hyung Kim Wan Park Chang-ik Park Ji-hyun Yoo Nam-kyu | China Chen Longcan Chen Xinhua Hui Jun Jiang Jialiang Teng Yi | Japan Yoshihito Miyazaki Juzo Nukazuka Kiyoshi Saito Hiroshi Shibutani |
| Women's singles | Jiao Zhimin China | He Zhili China | Mika Hoshino Japan |
| Women's singles | Jiao Zhimin China | He Zhili China | Yang Young-ja South Korea |
| Women's doubles | China Dai Lili Geng Lijuan | China Jiao Zhimin He Zhili | Japan Mika Hoshino Miki Kitsukawa |
| Women's doubles | China Dai Lili Geng Lijuan | China Jiao Zhimin He Zhili | South Korea Yang Young-ja Hyun Jung-hwa |
| Women's team | South Korea Hyun Jung-hwa Kim Young-mi Lee Sun Yang Young-ja | China Dai Lili Geng Lijuan He Zhili Jiao Zhimin | Japan Mika Hoshino Kiyomi Ishida Miki Kitsukawa Kyoko Uchiyama |
| Mixed doubles | China Teng Yi Dai Lili | China Hui Jun Geng Lijuan | South Korea Kim Wan Hyun Jung-hwa |
| Mixed doubles | China Teng Yi Dai Lili | China Hui Jun Geng Lijuan | South Korea Yoo Nam-kyu Yang Young-ja |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | China (CHN) | 4 | 6 | 0 | 10 |
| 2 | South Korea (KOR) | 3 | 1 | 6 | 10 |
| 3 | Japan (JPN) | 0 | 0 | 6 | 6 |
| Totals (3 entries) | Totals (3 entries) | 7 | 7 | 12 | 26 |
# Tim Begalka

Timothy 'Tim' P. Begalka (born February 19, 1960, in Clear Lake, South Dakota) is an American politician and a Republican member of the South Dakota Senate representing District 4 since January 11, 2011. Begalka served non-consecutively in the South Dakota Legislature from January 2001 until January 2005 in the South Dakota House of Representatives District 4 seat.

## Education

Begalka earned his BS degree from South Dakota State University.

## Elections

* 2012 Begalka was challenged in the June 5, 2012, Republican Primary by Representative Speaker of the House Valentine Rausch, but won with 1,106 votes (66.83%). Begalka won the November 6, 2012, General election with 6,603 votes (60.97%) against Democratic Representative Steve Street.
* 2000 When House District 4 incumbent Republican Representatives Larry Diedrich and Robert Weber both ran for South Dakota Senate, Begalka ran in the three-way 2000 Republican Primary and placed second with 971 votes (32.39%) ahead of third by 8 votes; in the four-way November 7, 2000, General election Democratic nominee James R. Peterson took the first seat and Begalka took the second seat with 4,322 votes (26.72%) ahead of fellow Republican nominee Valentine Rausch and Democratic nominee Ron Foster;
* 2002 Begalka and Craig Haugaard, who had placed third in the 2000 Republican Primary, were unopposed for the June 4, 2002, Republican Primary; in the five-way November 5, 2002, General election Begalka took the first seat with 5,651 votes (32.69%) and incumbent Democratic Representative Peterson took the second seat ahead of Republican nominee Haugaard, Democratic nominee Dawn Jaeger, and Independent candidate Larry Rudebusch.
* 2010 When Senate District 4 incumbent Democratic Senator Peterson left the Legislature and left the seat open, Begalka won the June 8, 2010, Republican Primary with 1,387 votes (61.78%) and won the November 2, 2010, General election with 5,346 votes (61%) against Democratic nominee Dick Schwandt.
# Vassilios Nikakis

Vassilios Nikakis (Greek: Βασίλης Νικάκης; born 28 September 1953) is a Greek former football referee. He officiated at the 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup, and was on call as a reserve official for the 1994 FIFA World Cup.
Nikakis later served as a FIFA referee inspector. In 2012, he stood as an election candidate for the Communist Party of Greece.
He is a candidate for the European Parliament with KKE, in the elections of 25 May 2014.
# Stan Cornelius

Stanley Preston Cornelius (October 15, 1941 – December 29, 2005) was an American country musician, lawyer, politician and record producer.

## Early life and education

Cornelius was born on October 15, 1941, in Bremerton, Washington, one of three children (two sons and a daughter) born to Starling P. "Star" Cornelius (1916–1986) and wife Virginia (née Sloat). The family moved to the Territory of Alaska in 1954 during the height of the Cold War and lived in a variety of communities in Interior and Southcentral Alaska before settling several years later in Alaska's largest city, Anchorage. Cornelius attended Kodiak High School in Kodiak before transferring to Anchorage High School (now known as West Anchorage High School) during his senior year, where he graduated in 1958.
He briefly studied at Washington State University and the University of Oregon before attending Alaska Methodist University, where he graduated in 1964 with a Bachelor of Arts in political science, the same year he married Mary Ann Randall. He then attended the University of New Mexico School of Law, where he graduated with a Juris Doctor in 1967.

## Career

Cornelius was admitted to the Alaska bar on October 18, 1968, and commenced a private law practice based in Anchorage. The same year, he was elected as a Republican to the Alaska House of Representatives, garnering 14,065 votes in the at-large voting in the general election. He served in the 6th Alaska State Legislature from the 8th district, a multi-member district which encompassed the greater Anchorage area and comprised approximately a third of the 40-member body. Cornelius sponsored a resolution during the legislature's first session calling for Governor Keith Miller to designate October as "Country Music Month" in Alaska. He declined to run for another term in 1970, returning to his law practice. He remarried in 1972 and had a son born the following year.
Cornelius eventually moved to Nashville, Tennessee, where he lived the remainder of his life and was involved in the city's country music scene, both as a singer and as a record producer. He produced a number of songs, the best known of which was Johnny Paycheck's 1986 single "Old Violin".

## Personal life

Cornelius died of natural causes on December 29, 2005, at age 64.
# Pa Qaleh Rural District

Pa Qaleh Rural District (Persian: دهستان پاقلعه) is in the Central District of Shahr-e Babak County, Kerman province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Marj.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 1,261 in 371 households. There were 1,489 inhabitants in 514 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 2,488 in 784 households. The most populous of its 46 villages was Marj, with 554 people.
# Scapa distillery

Scapa distillery is a Scotch whisky distillery on The Mainland of Orkney, Scotland on the shore of Scapa Flow near the town of Kirkwall. Scapa is the third-northernmost whisky distillery in Scotland, 1⁄2 mile (800 metres) south of the Highland Park Distillery.

## History

The distillery was founded in 1885 by Macfarlane & Townsend, a Glasgow blender. The distillery was almost destroyed by fire in 1919 but was saved by nearby sailors of the remaining Grand Fleet forming a human chain carrying buckets of sea water to extinguish the fire. In 1954, the distillery was acquired by Hiram Walker & Sons Ltd (now part of Pernod Ricard) and rebuilt. The distillery was again refurbished in 1978.
In 1994 the distillery was mothballed, with limited production being occasionally carried out from 1997 by nearby staff from Highland Park distillery. Ownership of the distillery had passed to Allied distillers when they bought Hiram Walker in 1987 and in 2004, when facing definitive closure, the company decided to rebuild and restore the distillery at a cost of £2.1 million. In 2005, ownership passed to Pernod Ricard and full production recommenced in October 2005.
In 2015, a visitor centre opened at the distillery.

## Production and products

The distillery has one wash still and one spirit still producing a single malt whisky. The wash still was a Lomond still, but the condensation plates that are the Lomonds still defining property have been removed, and it functions as a regular wash still.
this It produces an especially honey flavoured whisky, and less peaty than most Island Whiskies. This is because, though the water at the source is peaty, it gets transported to the distillery through pipelines to avoid more contact with the peat. Furthermore, the malt is not dried over peat smoke. The water source is the Lingro Burn, which flows into Scapa Flow.
During the period of limited production, the most commonly available edition was the Scapa 12 years old, which was and still is a most distinctive island whisky for its subtle heathery honey plus sea taste. Because of the time-gap, to full production again, it was decided to stop the 12 years and introduce the 14 years, which was quite different from its predecessor. Both products have now all but disappeared and are only available on the secondary market. The 14-year expression of the Scapa offering was given fair-to-good reviews at international spirit ratings competitions. It won gold and double gold medals at the 2005 and 2008 San Francisco World Spirits Competitions, but received a more modest score of 85 (on a 100-point scale) in 2005 from the Beverage Testing Institute.
In November 2009, a 16 years old Scapa whisky was released, with an extra two years in first fill American oak casks. The 16-year-old was discontinued in 2016.
The core products of the distillery are currently Scapa Skiren (matured in American first fill oak casks) and Scapa Glansa (a lightly smoked peat whisky). Scapa Glansa was launched in 2016 and is a no age statement whisky.