OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kuala Penyu District

The Kuala Penyu District (Malay: Daerah Kuala Penyu) is an administrative district in the Malaysian state of Sabah, part of the Interior Division which includes the districts of Beaufort, Keningau, Kuala Penyu, Nabawan, Sipitang, Tambunan and Tenom. The capital of the district is in Kuala Penyu Town.

## History

Kuala Penyu was declared as full district in the year 1975 and established as focal point for administrative and business centre. This district call as Kuala Penyu - derived from a group stones forming types of "Turtle" or call penyu situated at river bank or Kuala (in Malay). In early 60's this area was popularly known as "sitompok" whereby it refers to a group of stones.

## Demographics

The population of the Kuala Penyu district according to the last census in the year 2010 is 18,958 inhabitants and consists mainly of Kadazan or Dusun Tatana, which make up the largest ethnic group. There are also a significant number of illegal immigrants from the nearby southern Philippines, mainly from Sulu Archipelago and Mindanao which are not included in the population statistics.

## Tourism

It is one of the gateways to Pulau Tiga National Park, where Survivor: Borneo was set. Kuala Penyu is also famous for its beaches, especially Tempurung beach, Sawangan beach and Sungai Labuan Waterfront. Sungai Labuan, as the name implies was taken from the name of a river flowing in the heart of Kuala Penyu. Pesta Rumbia is a special celebration for "Sago" trees which are only planted widely in the district. This festive season targets to promote "sago" as traditional food and multi purpose product with full of nutrition. More recently Kuala Penyu's surrounding long, deserted beaches have brought in both international and local tourists to the area. Positioned perfectly for a sun rise, or sunset, depending on which side of the peninsular you are, the location is proving to be a 'weekend hot spot' for those escaping the city life. In addition, Kuala Penyu district also hosts a minor seaport or jetty and a major gateway to the island destination of Labuan through the town of Menumbok where ro-ro ferries depart and arrive for the daily Labuan-Sabah ferry crossings.

## Gallery

* Kuala Penyu Mosque.
* Rainbow in Klias Wetlands.
* Sitompok River.
* An history inscription of the origin of Kuala Penyu name near the Sitompok River.
# Irene Solaiman

Irene Solaiman is an American artificial intelligence and public policy researcher. She has served as the head of global policy at Hugging Face since 2022. She was previously a researcher at OpenAI where she was the first person to test for social-impact bias on large language models.

## Life

In 2019, Solaiman was an artificial intelligence (AI) researcher and served as a public policy manager at OpenAI. While there, she worked on GPT-2 and GPT-3. Of Bangladeshi descent, Solaiman tested the Bengali language on the GPT language models. She was the first person to test for social-impact bias on large language models. She was later an AI policy manager at Zillow for almost a year. In April 2022, Solaiman became the head of global policy at Hugging Face.
# Dowsing Point

Dowsing Point is a residential locality in the local government area (LGA) of Glenorchy in the Hobart LGA region of Tasmania. The locality is about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) north-east of the town of Glenorchy. The 2016 census recorded a population of 85 for the state suburb of Dowsing Point.
It is a locality of the greater area of Hobart. It is part of the City of Glenorchy and encompasses the area of land north-east of Goodwood protruding into the River Derwent. It includes the land feature Dowsings Point which marks the north of the entrance to Prince of Wales Bay.
Dowsing Point is best known as the western land-end of the Bowen Bridge (Goodwood Road), an arterial road linking the Brooker Highway with the East Derwent Highway.
While the City of Glenorchy classes it as a suburb, there are only a small number of residences within the area located between the Commonwealth land situating the Derwent Barracks, and the Elwick Racecourse.
Dowsing Point is the site of the Tasmanian Technopark, a Qantas call centre, an army barracks and various park lands. In 2007, Mayor Adriana Taylor proposed to have Dowsing Point as the new site of the Royal Hobart Hospital.

## History

Dowsing Point is a confirmed locality.
During the Tasman Bridge disaster, Dowsings Point was used as the western side of a Bailey bridge crossing the River Derwent.

## Geography

The waters of the River Derwent form the northern, eastern and most of the southern boundaries.

## Road infrastructure

Route B35 (Goodwood Road) runs through from west to east.

## Smelter contamination

The Risdon Zinc Works (trading as Nyrstar Hobart) at nearby Lutana, which has been in operation since 1917, continues to produce heavy metal contaminants affecting the air, land and estuary waters surrounding Greater Hobart.
Drawing from data complied in the National Pollutant Inventory, a report by the Australian Conservation Foundation placed Hobart at number 6 of Australia's most polluted cities in 2018. The data identified medium levels of air pollution in postcodes 7009 (Lutana, Derwent Park, Moonah, West Moonah) and 7010 (Glenorchy, Rosetta, Montrose, Goodwood, Dowsing Point) with average air contaminate readings of 40% NO$_x$ (nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO $_2$)), and sulfur dioxide (SO$_2$) contributing 57% of airborne emissions.
The Tasmanian Planning Scheme does not mandate the Glenorchy City Council to notify prospective buyers about potential land contamination within the City of Glenorchy.
# 1855 in Norway

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events in the year 1855 in Norway.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Oscar I.

## Events

* 25 June – Marcus Thrane and 132 other members of the Labour Union was sentenced for crimes against the state security.
* 31 December – Population Census: 1,490,047 inhabitants in Norway.

## Notable births

* 23 January – Edvard Hagerup Bull, judge and politician (died 1938)
* 31 January – Karl Uchermann, painter and illustrator (died 1940).
* 11 February – Erik Werenskiold, painter and illustrator (died 1938)
* 21 March – Fredrik Georg Gade, physician (died 1933)
* 10 April – Jacob Fjelde, Norwegian-American sculptor (died 1896)
* 28 May – Ole Amundsen Buslett, Norwegian-American author, newspaperman, and politician (died 1924)
* 24 July – Nils Claus Ihlen, engineer, politician and Minister (died 1925)
* 5 November – Einar Wang, politician (died 1939)
* 25 November – Anton Ræder, educator and historian (died 1941).

### Full date unknown

* Lars Kristian Abrahamsen, politician and Minister (died 1921)
* Anders Bergene, businessperson (died 1920)
* Hartvig Sverdrup Eckhoff, architect (died 1928)
* Nils Hansteen, painter (died 1912)
* Gjert Holsen, politician (died 1921)
* Ambrotius Olsen Lindvig, politician and Minister (died 1946)
* Anthon B. Nilsen, businessman, politician and author (died 1936)
* Axel Paulsen, speed skater and figure skater (died 1938)
* Ivar Bergersen Sælen, politician and Minister (died 1923)
* Karl Anton Sanderød, politician (died 1924)

## Notable deaths

* 26 July - Ole Paus, ship's captain, shipowner and land owner (born 1766)
* 15 December – Fredrik Meltzer, businessman and politician (born 1779).

### Full date unknown

* Olea Crøger, folk music collector (born 1801)
* Christian Holm, politician (born 1783)
# Santi Simone e Giuda, Spoleto

Santi Simone e Giuda is a Gothic-romanesque-style, deconsecrated Roman Catholic church located on Via Brignoni #40 in Spoleto, Province of Perugia, Umbria, Italy. It was built in the 13th century as a Franciscan church and adjacent convent.

## History and description

The Franciscan order had grown in popularity since the death of St Francis in 1226. Simone, a young man from a prominent family from the hamlet of Collazone near Todi, like St Francis before him, forsook his family's position and prestige to join the follower of St Francis. Simone was sent to proselytize in Germany and then to become Provincial Minister of the order in the Marches and later Umbria, under the guidance of Elias of Cortona (c.1183-1253), who was one of the Saint's original band of friars and after 1221 vicar general of the order of Friars Minor. Upon Simone's death in 1250, attributions of sanctity began to circulate. The Franciscans had by 1255 then achieved the canonization of at least four saints: Francis himself, Clare of Assisi, Elizabeth of Hungary, and Antony of Padua; the community of Spoleto who owned Simone's relics expected a similar elevation for him and begun construction of a larger church at this site in 1254 to house his relics, although dedicating the Church, transiently they thought, to the saints and apostles Simon and Jude (Simone e Giuda). But alas, despite the centuries, Simone da Collazone has never achieved sainthood, and thus the church remained dedicated to St Simon the Apostle. Simone's relics initially moved in the 19th-century to the Duomo, now reside in Sant'Ansano.
The structures were completed in 1280 under the guidance of Fra Filippo da Campello, and have undergone many restorations and losses over the centuries. The plain white-stone facade remains unfinished and the windows were walled. A plaque on the right side recalls the 17 September 1860 battle for Spoleto between the victorious Savoyard forces led by General Filippo Brignone used artillery to force the surrender, within a day, of the multinational Papal army of Irish, Austrian, Franco-Belgians, Swiss-Germans and Italians, led by the Irish brigade leader Major Myles O’Reilly and occupying the adjacent Rocca Albornoziana.
The monastic building was converted into barracks in 1863. The 16th-century frescoes depicting the Life of St Antony of Padua in the cloister are nearly completely covered over. In 1893, the buildings became an orphanage. The interiors preserve little of the original decoration.
# Chojno, Kwidzyn County

Chojno (Polish pronunciation:) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Ryjewo, within Kwidzyn County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south-east of Ryjewo, 14 km (9 mi) north-east of Kwidzyn, and 70 km (43 mi) south-east of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Al McCandless

Alfred A. McCandless (July 23, 1927 – August 9, 2017) was an American businessman, military veteran, and politician who served six terms as a Republican politician from California from 1983 to 1995.

## Biography

McCandless was born in Brawley, Imperial County, California, on July 23, 1927. He attended Los Angeles City schools and received a B.A., University of California at Los Angeles in 1951.
McCandless served in the United States Marine Corps from 1945 to 1946 and from 1950 to 1952, and attained the rank of captain.
He later worked as an automobile and truck dealer from 1953 to 1975, and was a member of the Riverside County board of supervisors from 1972 to 1982 and the Riverside County housing authority from 1974 to 1982.

### Congress

McCandless was elected as a Republican to the Ninety-eighth and to the five succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1983 – January 3, 1995) and was not a candidate for reelection to the One Hundred Fourth Congress.

### Death

McCandless died at his home in La Quinta, California, on August 9, 2017, at the age of 90.
# Poland at the 2002 European Athletics Championships

Poland competed at the 2002 European Athletics Championships in Munich, Germany, from 6–11 August 2002. A delegation of 55 athletes were sent to represent the country.

## Medals

| Medal | Name | Event |
| Gold | Robert Korzeniowski | Men's 50 kilometres walk |
| Silver | Kamila Skolimowska | Women's hammer throw |
| Silver | Ryszard Pilarczyk Łukasz Chyła Marcin Nowak Marcin Urbaś Piotr Balcerzak | Men's 4 × 100 metres relay |
| Bronze | Artur Kohutek | Men's 110 metres hurdles |
| Bronze | Paweł Januszewski | Men's 400 metres hurdles |
| Bronze | Anna Olichwierczuk | Women's 400 metres hurdles |
| Bronze | Zuzanna Radecka Grażyna Prokopek Małgorzata Pskit Anna Olichwierczuk Justyna Karolkiewicz | Women's 4 × 400 metres relay |
# Zorica Dimitrijević-Stošić

Zorica Dimitrijević-Stošić (3 February 1934, in Smederevo – 13 February 2013, in Belgrade) was a Serbian pianist and accompanist. She was a professor of piano at the Faculty of Music in Belgrade.

## Education

She graduated from the Belgrade Music Academy in 1959, where she also completed her postgraduate studies in Piano Performance in 1963 as a student of Vlastimir Škarka. She also studied in Venice, in the class of prf. Gino Gorny.

## Career
### Performance career

In addition to her solo performances, Dimitrijević-Stošić has been known for her long-time collaboration with famous European clarinetist Milenko Stefanović. She performed at various music festivals (Dubrovačke letnje igre, Ohridsko leto, BEMUS).

### Teaching career

Zorica taught at the Faculty of Music in Belgrade (1954-2001), where she held rank of Full Professor, and served as a Chair of the Piano Department and Associate Dean.
Dimitrijević-Stošić was a member of the Association of Musical Artists of Serbia.

## Awards

She was awarded with the October Award of the City of Belgrade (1980), as well as with Great Plaque with Charter of the University of the Arts in Belgrade (1985).
# Courtney Hurley

Courtney Hurley (born September 30, 1990) is an American fencer. She won a bronze medal in the women's team épée alongside Maya Lawrence, Susie Scanlan, and Kelley Hurley at the 2012 Summer Olympics. A standout at the University of Notre Dame, she was a 4-time All-American.
Coached by her father, Bob Hurley, Courtney has competed since age 15 with her older sister Kelley internationally: at the 2012 Summer Olympics, they were the part of the first U.S. Women's Épée Team to earn an Olympic medal, a bronze. Both she and her sister also competed in the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo (actually held in 2021), and the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. They competed in the Women's Épée Team event in both Rio and Tokyo, finishing 5th both times. Both sisters also competed in the individual épée in both Rio and Tokyo, but neither won a medal.
# Athletics at the 1993 Summer Universiade – Men's shot put

The men's shot put event at the 1993 Summer Universiade was held at the UB Stadium in Buffalo, United States on 15 and 16 July 1993.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Aleksandr Klimenko Ukraine | Paolo Dal Soglio Italy | Chris Volgenau United States |

## Results
### Qualification

| Rank | Group | Athlete | Nationality | Result |
| 1 | ? | Aleksandr Klimenko | Ukraine | 19.09 |
| 2 | ? | Liu Hao | China | 18.69 |
| 3 | ? | Chris Volgenau | United States | 18.54 |
| 4 | ? | Courtney Ireland | New Zealand | 18.28 |
| 5 | ? | Paolo Dal Soglio | Italy | 18.14 |
| 6 | ? | Thorsten Herbrand | Germany | 18.03 |
| 7 | ? | Kevin Coleman | United States | 17.73 |
| 8 | ? | Miroslav Menc | Czech Republic | 17.59 |
| 9 | ? | Carel le Roux | South Africa | 17.57 |
| 10 | ? | Corrado Fantini | Italy | 17.33 |
| 11 | ? | Mihalis Louka | Cyprus | 17.28 |
| 12 | ? | Chen Hsin-yuh | Chinese Taipei | 17.12 |
| 13 | ? | Manjit Singh | India | 15.92 |
| 14 | ? | Lu Ching-yi | Chinese Taipei | 15.74 |
| 15 | ? | Jaime Comandari | El Salvador | 15.25 |
| 16 | ? | Vicente Navarro | Spain | 15.07 |
| 17 | ? | Elias Guerra | Peru | 13.07 |
| 18 | ? | Rachid El-Khouri | Lebanon | 10.87 |

### Final

| Rank | Athlete | Nationality | Result |
| | Aleksandr Klimenko | Ukraine | 19.72 |
| | Paolo Dal Soglio | Italy | 19.64 |
| | Chris Volgenau | United States | 19.54 |
| 4 | Courtney Ireland | New Zealand | 19.20 |
| 5 | Liu Hao | China | 19.17 |
| 6 | Kevin Coleman | United States | 18.54 |
| 7 | Corrado Fantini | Italy | 18.53 |
| 8 | Miroslav Menc | Czech Republic | 18.45 |
| 9 | Carel le Roux | South Africa | 18.34 |
| 10 | Mihalis Louka | Cyprus | 16.64 |
| 11 | Chen Hsin-yuh | Chinese Taipei | 15.81 |
| 12 | Thorsten Herbrand | Germany | 15.14 |
# Patsy Ann Kurth

Patsy Ann Gephardt Kurth (February 2, 1941 – April 27, 2011) was a member of the Florida Senate representing the 16th district from 1990 to 1992 and the 15th district from 1992 to 2000.
She was born in Washington, Missouri on February 2, 1941, and came to Brevard County in 1962.
In 2000, she ran for a seat in the U.S House of Representatives representing Florida's 15th congressional district but was defeated by Dave Weldon.
She was the cousin of Richard Gephardt.
Her daughter, Dawn Ann Kurth, as a 11-year-old, was a spokesperson against false advertising directed toward children during the early 1970s. Dawn died from Hodgkin’s lymphoma in 1986.
# Utstein Church

Utstein Church (Norwegian: Utstein klosterkyrkje) is a historic parish church of the Church of Norway in the large Stavanger Municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. It is located on the grounds of the historic Utstein Abbey on the island of Klosterøy. It was historically the church for the Mosterøy parish which is part of the Tungenes prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Stavanger. The medieval stone church was built in a long church design around the year 1280 using designs by an unknown architect. The church seats about 300 people.

## History

The construction of the church began in 1263 and the stone church was completed in the year 1280. The church was built on the site of the Utstein Abbey and it was dedicated to Saint Lawrence. The church was given to the Augustinian order by Magnus Lagabøte. Both the nave and chancel are rectangular and of the same size, and between the two parts of the building there is a central tower. The church has gothic gate windows and in the ceilings there are cross-rib vaults. The soapstone baptismal font is from the 12th century, while the rest of the medieval furniture has been lost. Both the altarpiece, pulpit, and pews were made in Renaissance style around 1620, but the altarpiece was later modernized in the 18th century, with baroque framing.
The monastery was looted and burned on two occasions during the first half of the 16th century. The church was used as a regular parish church until 1899 when it was taken out of regular use. Since then, the church has been a historic protected site that is only used as a church for special occasions.
# Congolese Posts and Savings Company

The Congolese Posts and Savings Company (French: Société des postes et d'épargne du Congo, pronounced, SOPECO) is a government owned postal company in the Republic of Congo. It is a corporation created on 1 July 2001 by Ordinance No. 10-2001. There are forty-eight post offices, mostly in major cities. Many private corporations provide postal services, often without the permission of the government. Many of these companies have been in business since before any legislation regulating the postal industry had been passed.
Originally the postal administration was admitted into the Universal Postal Union on 3 May 1961 and remains a member. Post codes are not used in the Congo.
# Gabardini G.9

The Gabardini G.9 was an Italian single-seat biplane fighter prototype produced by Gabardini in 1923.

## Design and development
### G.9

Gabardini designed the G.9 in parallel with its work on its first fighter design, the Gabardini G.8, which had a similar wing cellule. The G.9 was a metal, fabric-covered, single-bay biplane which differed from the unequal-span G.8 by having a shorter-span upper wing and less cabane bracing. It was powered by the 164-kilowatt (220-horsepower) SPA 6A engine - a more powerful engine than that of any G.8 variant, driving a two-bladed propeller.
The Regia Aeronautica (Italian Royal Air Force) did not place a production order for the G.9

### G.9bis

Gabardini re-engined the G.9 with the 224-kilowatt (300-horsepower) Hispano-Suiza HS 42, replaced its frontal radiator with two radiators mounted on the sides of the fuselage above the leading edge of the wing, raised its cockpit, increased the gap between its fuselage and upper wing, and increased the height of its undercarriage to create the G.9bis. After Ing Filippo Zappata (1894-1994) joined Gabardini in 1923, he further modified the G.9bis; among various changes he made were an improved engine cowling intended to reduce aerodynamic drag and the mounting of a large propeller spinner.
In October 1923, Victor Emmanuel III (1869-1947), King of Italy (1900-1946), visited Cameri airfield, where he observed a demonstration of the G.9bis. Flown by Lodovico Zanibelli, the G.9bis achieved a maximum speed of 250 kilometers per hour (155 miles per hour) during the demonstration. However, the Regia Aeronautica was no more interested in the G.9bis version of the aircraft than it had been in the G.9 version, and no production order resulted.

## Variants
### G.9

    Original version with SPA 6A engine

### G.9bis

    Modified version with more powerful Hispano-Suiza HS 42 engine, raised cockpit, and lengthened undercarriage

## Operators
### Kingdom of Italy

* Regia Aeronautica

## Specifications (G.9)

General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Length: 6 m (19 ft 8 in)
* Wingspan: 7 m (23 ft 0 in)
* Wing area: 18 m$^2$ (190 sq ft)
* Powerplant: 1 × SPA 6A 6-cyl. water-cooled in-line piston engine, 164 kW (220 hp)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 235 km/h (146 mph, 127 kn)
* Rate of climb: 5.55 m/s (1,093 ft/min)
* Time to altitude: 5,000 m (16,000 ft) in 15 minutes
# Mercedes, Eastern Samar

Mercedes (IPA:; Waray: Bungto han Mercedes, Tagalog: Bayan ng Mercedes), officially the Municipality of Mercedes, is a municipality in the province of Eastern Samar, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 6,112 people.
Act No. 960 of the Philippine Commission incorporated the town of Mercedes comprising the barrios of Busay, Anoron, Sungan, Bobon, Banoyo and Boyayawon into Guiuan. In 1948, Republic Act No. 262 recreated the town.

## Geography
### Barangays

Mercedes is politically subdivided into 16 barangays.  Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.
* Anuron
* Banuyo
* Bobon
* Busay
* Buyayawon
* Cabunga-an
* Cambante
* Palamrag (Cabiliri-an)
* Barangay 1 Poblacion
* Barangay 2 Poblacion
* Barangay 3 Poblacion
* Barangay 4 Poblacion
* Port Kennedy
* San Jose
* San Roque
* Sung-an

### Climate

Climate data for Mercedes, Eastern Samar :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 28 (82) | 28 (82) | 29 (84) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 29 (84) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 28 (82) | 29 (84) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22 (72) | 22 (72) | 22 (72) | 23 (73) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 23 (73) | 23 (73) | 23 (74) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 90 (3.5) | 67 (2.6) | 82 (3.2) | 70 (2.8) | 97 (3.8) | 145 (5.7) | 152 (6.0) | 127 (5.0) | 132 (5.2) | 152 (6.0) | 169 (6.7) | 144 (5.7) | 1,427 (56.2) |
| Average rainy days | 17.0 | 13.5 | 16.0 | 16.5 | 20.6 | 24.3 | 26.0 | 25.4 | 25.2 | 26.4 | 23.0 | 21.1 | 255 |
| Source: Meteoblue ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

The population of Mercedes, Eastern Samar, in the 2020 census was 6,112 people, with a density of 260 inhabitants per square kilometre or 670 inhabitants per square mile.

## Economy

Poverty incidence of Mercedes
* 10
* 20
* 30
* 40
* 50
* 2006 44.30
* 2009 39.59
* 2012 44.92
* 2015 35.66
* 2018 37.91
* 2021 33.23
* Source: Philippine Statistics Authority