OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Daniel Butler (minister)

Daniel Butler (June 23, 1808 – February 4, 1893) was an American minister.
Butler was born in Hartford, Connecticut, on June 23, 1808. He was the son of Henry and Chloe (Hinsdale) Butler, who removed in 1811 to Blandford, Massachusetts. At the age of 16 he returned to Hartford and spent four years in a printing office. He then went to Westfield, Mass., where for two years his time was divided between the care of an invalid father and preparation for College. His father dying in the spring of 1830, he was admitted to Yale College in the following autumn, but with health so much broken that he was obliged to withdraw during Freshman year, and to enter the next class. He graduated in 1835.
On leaving College he went directly to Andover Theological Seminary, where he completed the three years' course. On October 31, 1838, he was ordained and installed over the Village (Congregational) Church in Dorchester, Mass., where he spent seven years with a united and affectionate people. In 1845 he accepted an appointment as agent of the American Bible Society, and removed his residence to Westborough, Mass. Six years later he was chosen Secretary of the Massachusetts Bible Society, and he retained this office as long as he was able to labor. He removed about 1853 to Groton, Mass., and thence in 1865 to Waverley, Mass. He represented the town in the Massachusetts State Legislature in 1883.
He married, in Trenton, New York on November 8, 1838, Jane Douglas, by whom he had five children, of whom two died in infancy. About a year before his own death his wife and his elder son died with a month of each other ; from that date he failed gradually, and after a final illness of seven weeks he died at his home in Waverley on February 4, 1893, in his 85th year. He left a son and a daughter.
This article incorporates public domain material from the 1893 Yale Obituary Record.
# Chengxu Temple

Chengxu Temple (澄虚道院) is a Taoist temple located in Zhouzhuang which was built in 1086–1093 during the Song dynasty. Also known as Sanctity Hall (Shengtang Hall), it is located on Zhongshi Street opposite Puqing Bridge in Zhouzhuang. After several periods of expansion, it grew into one of the most notable Taoist temples in Wuzhong. With an area of 1,500 square meters (1,800 square yards), it consists of simple but majestic Shengdi and Doumu halls, Yuhuang, Wenchang and Shengdi pavilions which are masterpieces of Taoist architecture.
# Fencing at the 1979 Summer Universiade

Fencing events were contested at the 1979 Summer Universiade in Mexico City, Mexico.

## Medal overview
### Men's events

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Individual foil | Alexandr Romankov (URS) | Vladimir Viktorovich Smirnov (URS) | Klaus Haertter (GDR) |
| Team foil | Soviet Union (URS) | Italy (ITA) | East Germany (GDR) |
| Individual épée | Ernő Kolczonay (HUN) | Leonid Dunayev (URS) | Hanns Jana (FRG) |
| Team épée | Hungary (HUN) | Soviet Union (URS) | Romania (ROM) |
| Individual sabre | Imre Gedővári (HUN) | Mikhail Burtsev (URS) | Marin Mustata (ROM) |
| Team sabre | Soviet Union (URS) | Hungary (HUN) | Poland (POL) |

### Women's events

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Individual foil | Pascale Trinquet (FRA) | Cornelia Hanisch (FRG) | Mandy Niklaus (GDR) |
| Team foil | East Germany (GDR) | Soviet Union (URS) | West Germany (FRG) |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Soviet Union (URS) | 3 | 5 | 0 | 8 |
| 2 | Hungary (HUN) | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
| 3 | East Germany (GDR) | 1 | 0 | 3 | 4 |
| 4 | France (FRA) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 5 | West Germany (FRG) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 6 | Italy (ITA) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 7 | Romania (ROM) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 8 | Poland (POL) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (8 entries) | Totals (8 entries) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 24 |
# NGC 3776

NGC 3776 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Virgo. It is classified as an Sb-type galaxy, which signifies it has moderately tightly wound spiral arms. This galaxy was discovered in 1886 by astronomer Ormond Stone, known for his work cataloging celestial objects in the southern hemisphere. NGC 3776 has a visual magnitude of 16, making it challenging to observe without a telescope. The galaxy is cataloged within the New General Catalogue (NGC), a comprehensive listing of deep-sky objects compiled by John Louis Emil Dreyer in 1888 to include discoveries like Stone’s.

## Characteristics

NGC 3776 is an Sb-type spiral galaxy, characterized by its moderately tight spiral arms. Located in the constellation Virgo, this galaxy is observable at right ascension 11h 38m 17.98s and declination -03° 21′ 15.8″. The galaxy has an apparent visual magnitude of 16.0, making it relatively faint and challenging to view without advanced telescopic equipment. Its radial velocity of approximately 11,130 km/s and redshift of 0.03784 indicate a substantial recessional velocity, which is consistent with galaxies positioned at considerable distances from Earth.
NGC 3776 has a surface brightness of about 23.0 mag/arcsec$^2$, which suggests that it appears dim against the night sky. With an angular size of 0.48′ by 0.38′, it occupies a small region when viewed from Earth. These measurements highlight its remoteness and modest luminosity compared to more prominent galaxies.

## History

NGC 3776 was discovered in 1886 by the American astronomer Ormond Stone, who made significant contributions to the study of southern hemisphere celestial objects during his tenure at the Leander McCormick Observatory in Virginia.
# Ramgarh, Jammu and Kashmir

Ramgarh is a town and a notified area committee, near Samba town in Samba District in the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. Ramgarh is 18 km (11 mi) from Samba town, the district headquarter and 9 km (5.6 mi) from Vijaypur city National Highway.
First Member Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly Dr Devinder Kumar Manyal

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Ramgarh had a population of 4,540. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Ramgarh has an average literacy rate of 67%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 75%, and female literacy is 59%. 14% of the population of Ramgarh is under 6 years of age.

## Gallery

* Gurdwara Sahib Sikh Temple Ramgarh
* Ramgarh Main Market
* Houses Architecture in Ramgarh Town
# Chao pho

Jao por (Thai: เจ้าพ่อ, “godfather”) is a term used in Thailand to describe the boss of organized crime groups.

## Meaning of the term

Chao pho or jao poh literally means “godfather.” Chao pho, mostly based in the provinces, have business interests in both legitimate and criminal activities. Moreover, they have groups of associates and followers, move closely with powerful bureaucrats, policemen and military figures, sit in positions in local administration, and play a key role in parliamentary elections.

## Activities

According to Thai authorities, there are chao pho groups in 39 of Thailand's 77 provinces. From these provinces they work like a local mafia as they are active in both illegal as well as some legitimate businesses. They are involved in a wide range of criminal activities such as prostitution, drug trafficking, illegal gambling and others. They are known for cooperating with the Red Wa (who are associated with the United Wa State Army) for the trafficking and sale of narcotics.

## Cultural depictions

"Fear is a crucial element in Thai political culture, also serves as a factor in shaping a hierarchical relationship among members in society. Influential people (phu mee ittiphon), godfathers (chao pho), and gangsters (nakleng) have their characters depicted within the deep dichotomy of the benevolent and fearful." said Chachavalpongpun, P. in the article Kingdom of Fear: Royal Governance under Thailand’s King Vajiralongkorn first published online July 3, 2022 in Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 41(3) pages 359-377. https://doi.org/10.1177/18681034221111176
"Fear and benevolence are the opposite sides of the same coin. Although these same actors may have an intimidating approach, they sometimes express their benevolent side (Samudavanija, 2002: 79). For example, the phu mee ittiphon frequently donates money for religious events and provides scholarships for poor students. These charitable works go in tandem with their shady businesses, presenting a contradictory character that both intimidate others and attracts them at the same time (Nishizaki, 2011: 57)." said Chachavalpongpun, P. https://doi.org/10.1177/18681034221111176
# Henry Austin Scudder

Henry Austin Scudder (November 25, 1819 – January 26, 1892), was a Massachusetts state legislator.
Scudder, youngest son of Josiah and Hannah (Lovell) Scudder, was born in Barnstable, Massachusetts, on November 25, 1819. He entered Yale College with the Class of 1841, but withdrew after a single term, and for the next year edited the Barnstable Patriot. After graduating he studied law in the office of his brother, the Hon. Zeno Scudder, in Barnstable, until the spring of 1844. After six months of further study in the office of the Hon. George T. Bigelow, of Boston, he began the practice of his profession there. On June 30, 1857, he married Nannie B. Jackson, of Boston, daughter of Captain Charles B. Tobey, of Nantucket, Mass. In 1863 to 1865 he was a member of the Massachusetts Legislature from Dorchester. In February, 1869, he was appointed one of the Associate Judges of the Superior Court of Massachusetts, which office he was compelled to resign in 1872, because of ill-health. He then went to Europe, and returned in 1874, partially restored. For the rest of his life, the winters were passed in Washington, D.C., and the summers at Marston's Mills, in his native town. He died suddenly from apoplexy, in Washington, on January 26, 1892, in his 73rd year. His wife survived him without children.
# Sierra del Fraile

The Sierra del Fraile (Spanish for "Friar's range"), also known as "Cerro del Fraile", is a mountain and a protected area located in the García, Abasolo, Hidalgo, General Escobedo, El Carmen y Mina municipalities in the state of Nuevo León, México. The mountain is part of Sierra Madre Oriental; its summit elevation is 2,392 MASL, and its prominence is 1,592 meters (Line parent: Cerro de la Viga). It is an ultraprominent peak, with a topographic isolation of about 23.5 km (Nearest highest neighbor: Sierra de San Urbano).
# Super R-Type

Super R-Type is a shooter game for the Super NES, developed and published by Irem in 1991. It is a partial port of R-Type II, borrowing stages and enemies, but introducing several of its own. The game has been re-released on the Wii Virtual Console in 2008, and on the Nintendo Switch Online service in 2024.

## Gameplay

Super R-Type borrows four stages from R-Type II and adds three new ones. The game is known for its high difficulty (even compared to other games in the series), particularly because of its lack of checkpoints, since dying means restarting the level from scratch. Also, this game suffers from slowdown, which was also a problem in many early games for this system. But unlike the others Super R-Type slows down to a virtual standstill when there are many things on-screen. However, this proved useful for players when there were many obstacles on-screen because it was easier to avoid them.

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score |
| GameRankings | 61% (8 reviews) |
Review score :
| Publication | Score |
| Mean Machines | 90% |
Entertainment Weekly picked the game as the #2 greatest game available in 1991, saying: "The space-shooting R-Type game has been evolving over the last several years; this latest incarnation is the most graphically overpowering yet. Players pilot a ship through the deep cosmos, picking up various supercharged weapons along the way and squaring off against some extraordinarily detailed aliens, which look like illustrations from classic pulp sci-fi magazines of the 1930s."
French gaming magazine Joypad gave the game a score of 87%, praising the game's "magnificent" graphics and calling the ship's maneuverability "exemplary", they did however criticize the fact that the action "slowed down clearly when there are a lot of sprites on screen".
Super Gamer gave a review score of 74% stating: "It looks brilliant and plays well, but while graphical slowdown isn’t that bad, going back to the start of the level whenever you die soon becomes tedious."

## Re-releases

On March 14, 2008, the game was released on the Nintendo Wii Virtual Console service in Europe and Australia. The game was made available on the Virtual Console in North America on March 17, 2008. However, it was removed from the Virtual Console on March 30, 2012 in North America and on March 31, 2012 in Europe. The game was re-released on the Nintendo Switch Online service on April 12, 2024.
Legacy games company Retro-Bit released a SNES-compatible cartridge including the game alongside R-Type III: The Third Lightning in July 2018.
# Garner E. Shriver

Garner E. Shriver (July 6, 1912 – March 1, 1998) was a U.S. Representative from Kansas.

## Biography

Born in Towanda, Kansas, Shriver attended the public schools of Towanda and Wichita. He moved to Wichita, Kansas, in 1925. He was in the University of Wichita, B.A., 1934 (postgraduate study at University of Southern California in 1936), and Washburn Law School, LL.B., 1940 and J.D., 1970. He worked for a drug company in Wichita from 1934 to 1936. He was a teacher at South Haven High School in 1936 and 1937. He was admitted to the bar in Wichita in February 1940. He served for three years in the United States Navy as an enlisted man and officer from 1943 to 1946. He served in the Kansas House of Representatives from 1947 to 1951 and then in the Kansas Senate from 1953 to 1960.
Shriver was elected as a Republican to the Eighty-seventh and to the seven succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1961 – January 3, 1977). In 1974, Shriver won with about 49 percent of the vote in a three-way race. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1976 to the Ninety-fifth Congress. He was defeated by Dan Glickman by three percentage points.
After losing reelection, he served as minority staff director and legal counsel for the Senate Veterans' Affairs Committee from March 1977 until 1980, and then the committee's general counsel from 1981 to 1982. He later resumed the practice of law and was a resident of Wichita, Kansas, until his death there on March 1, 1998.
# Volleyball at the 1979 Summer Universiade

Volleyball events were contested at the 1979 Summer Universiade in Mexico City, Mexico.
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men's volleyball | South Korea (KOR) | Cuba (CUB) | Japan (JPN) |
| Women's volleyball | Soviet Union (URS) | Japan (JPN) | Cuba (CUB) |
# Idaho State Police

The Idaho State Police (ISP) is the statewide law enforcement agency for the State of Idaho. It began as the Bureau of Constabulary, created on May 18, 1919, under the new Department of Law Enforcement, to detect and investigate crime, "order abatement of public nuisances and to enforce such orders by appropriate court action, to suppress riots, prevent wrongs to children and animals that are inhibited by law." The state constabulary was also charged with the organization of various state, county and municipal peace officers. The bureau was dissolved by the state legislature in 1923.
The Idaho State Police was formed 85 years ago in 1939, when Governor C. A. Bottolfsen signed the bill on February 20.

## Divisions

The Idaho State Police is divided geographically into six districts, with headquarters (and training facility) in Meridian, west of Boise. District offices (1–3) are located in Coeur d'Alene, Lewiston, and Meridian. District offices (4–6) are located in Jerome, Pocatello, and Idaho Falls. Each district has a different captain and command staff, are managed separately and are overseen by a major. Each district has two divisions; patrol and investigations.

### Patrol

The patrol division consists of uniformed state troopers who enforce the laws of Idaho. Commonly, a trooper will spend their time enforcing motor vehicle laws while on duty, primarily on state and federal highways.

### Investigation

The investigation division consists of plainclothes detectives who enforce the laws of Idaho. The Idaho State Police detectives investigate major crimes such as homicide and large scale drug-related offenses.

### Other divisions

* The Alcohol Beverage Control division ensures all establishments which sell or produce alcohol are properly licensed and conform to the law. The Idaho State Liquor Dispensary maintains a monopoly on the sale of all alcoholic beverages that exceed 16% alcohol by volume. The ABC enforces Title 23 - Alcoholic Beverages IDAPA 11 Title 05 Chapter 01.
* Commercial Vehicle Specialists are specially trained uniformed officers who enforce federal and state laws pertaining to the safety of commercial trucking.
* The Cyber Crimes Unit specializes in crimes involving computers and the internet.
* The Bureau of Criminal Identification maintains the states fingerprint database.
* Forensic Services investigates controlled substances, crime scenes, firearms, forensic biology, impression evidence, toxicology, and trace evidence.
* Racing Commission provides oversight for horse racing activities within Idaho.
* Brands Board conducts livestock brand inspection, required for ownership changes, leaving Idaho and slaughter.

## Other duties

The Idaho State Police has two regional communications centers staffed with dispatchers who provide support to officers in the field.
The Idaho State Police is tasked with the physical protection of the governor of the state as well as other dignitaries who may need protection.

## Rank structure

| Title | Insignia |
| Colonel | |
| Lieutenant Colonel | |
| Major | |
| Captain | |
| Lieutenant | |
| Sergeant | |
| Trooper | No insignia |
# Utö hus

Utö hus (sometimes Utöhus, literally in Swedish Utö house) is a medieval manor house on Arnö Island in Lake Mälaren in Uppland, Sweden.

## History

The manor is mentioned in written sources for the first time in beginning of the 15th century. At the time, it belonged to the Schack family. In the 1630s, the estate was merged with neighbouring estate of Grönsö Manor when the Chancellor of Uppsala University Johan Skytte (1577–1645) married Maria Näf.
The building was repaired circa 1740 and occasionally inhabited until the 1840s, when it was transformed into a storage. In 1937, the building was donated to the Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities by Alice von Ehrenheim.
The manor is a well-preserved, rectangular medieval manor house with crow-stepped gables. It consists of a cellar, two proper floors and two attic floors. The current division of rooms seems to date from the first half of the 17th century.
# Giles Mebane

Giles Mebane (1809–1899) was a North Carolina politician who served in the North Carolina General Assembly as Speaker of the North Carolina Senate during most of the American Civil War (1862–1865).

## Biography

He was the grandson of Congressman Alexander Mebane and the son of Speaker of the North Carolina House of Representatives James Mebane.
Mebane married Mary Yancey, the daughter of Bartlett Yancey, in 1837. He represented Orange County (later Alamance County after the latter county was formed in 1849) in the North Carolina House of Commons from 1844 through 1850 as a member of the Whig Party. He returned to the House in 1854 and 1858 before being elected to the Senate in 1861. At the end of the war he moved to Caswell County, where he was also later elected to the state Senate.
Political offices :
| Preceded byHenry Toole Clark | Speaker of the North Carolina Senate 1862–1865 | Succeeded byThomas Settle |
# Citerna

Citerna is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Perugia in the Italian region Umbria, located about 50 km northwest of Perugia.
It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").
# Pardeep Singh (rugby union)

Pardeep Singh (born 29 April 1988) is an Indian-born Italian rugby union player. His usual position is as a Prop and he played for Colorno in Top12 from 2019 to 2023.
# Linwood, Nova Scotia

Linwood is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in Antigonish County. Linwood, Nova Scotia is a small coastal community located halfway between the town of Antigonish and the Canso Causeway. Located around Linwood Harbour, Linwood has two campgrounds, both with a view of the Harbour, along with a short hiking trail, picnic park, ice rink (in winter) and a community centre.
45°39′3.2″N 61°34′28.07″W﻿ / ﻿45.650889°N 61.5744639°W﻿ / 45.650889; -61.5744639﻿ (Linwood, Nova Scotia)
# Jewett Car Company

The Jewett Car Company was an early 20th-century American industrial company that manufactured streetcars and interurban cars.

## History

The company was founded in 1893 in Jewett, Ohio, where its first factory was located. In 1904, the company relocated from Jewett to a 10-acre (40,000 m$^2$) site along South Williams Street in Newark, Ohio, retaining the original name. The facility soon expanded to become one of Newark's largest employers. Among its customers was the city of San Francisco, California, which purchased several street cars from Jewett. The company produced more than 2,000 wood-and-steel street cars, shipping them to 26 states and Canada.
The Jewett Car Company went out of business in 1919 when the automobile began replacing mass transit.
The most notable Jewett-built cars that are still running today are:
* Brooklyn Rapid Transit streetcar 4547, built in 1906, sees regular operation at the Seashore Trolley Museum in Kennebunkport, Maine.
* Chicago Aurora and Elgin interurban car 319, built in 1914, is operated at the Illinois Railway Museum in Union, Illinois.
* Chicago Aurora and Elgin interurban car 320, built in 1914, is operated at the Midwest Electric Railway in Mount Pleasant, Iowa.
* Chicago North Shore and Milwaukee interurban car 251 built in 1917, is operated regularly at the Illinois Railway Museum in Union, Illinois.
* Connecticut Company suburban car 775, built in 1904, is restored and operational at the Shore Line Trolley Museum in East Haven, Connecticut.
* San Francisco Municipal Railway streetcars 130 and Car 162, which were built in 1914.
* London and Port Stanley Railway interurban car 8, built in 1915, is operational at the Halton County Radial Railway in Milton, Ontario.
* Pacific Electric interurban 1001, built in 1913, operates occasionally at the Orange Empire Railway Museum in Perris, California.
Additional non-operational Jewett cars are preserved at the following museums:
* Canadian Railway Museum
* Connecticut Trolley Museum
* Electric City Trolley Museum
* Elgin County Railway Museum
* Fox River Trolley Museum
* National Museum of Transportation
* New York Museum of Transportation
* New York Transit Museum
* Northern Ohio Railway Museum
* Ohio Center for History Art and Technology (The Works)
* Pennsylvania Trolley Museum
* Western Railway Museum

## Products

* Type "B" Iron Monster for San Francisco
* Milan and Norwalk Electric Railway cars
* Wooden rapid transit cars for the South Side Elevated Railroad, Metropolitan West Side Elevated Railroad, Northwestern Elevated Railroad - Chicago, IL
* Wooden interurban cars for the Aurora Elgin and Chicago Railroad (later the Chicago Aurora and Elgin Railroad)
# Bill Roy Jr.

William R. Roy Jr. (born May 11, 1954) is an American politician who served as a Democratic member of the Kansas House of Representatives from 1985 to 1992. Roy was the son of U.S. Congressman and Senatorial candidate Bill Roy. He was elected to the 53rd district in 1984, serving from 1985 to 1990, and one additional term in the 54th district from 1991 to 1992. He resided in Topeka, Kansas.
# Water polo at the 1979 Summer Universiade

Water polo events were contested at the 1979 Summer Universiade in Mexico City, Mexico.
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men's | United States (USA) | Soviet Union (URS) | Yugoslavia (YUG) |