OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Owl and Key

Owl and Key is a student organization at the University of Utah that is a cross between a senior society and an honor society.

## History

Owl and Key, a senior honor society, and Skull and Bones, a junior secret society, were both organized at the University of Utah in 1909. The Utah societies were not affiliated with Yale University but borrowed from its campus traditions.
The purpose of Owl and Key was to foster spirit among the senior class and to uphold the standards and traditions of the University." New members are initiated into the society by alumni of Owl and Key near the start of the spring semester of the senior year. The initiates then plan events such as an annual spring formal.
Owl and Key also acts as the parent organization for Skull and Bones, overseeing the spring recruitment and application process of the juniors who wish to join the secret society. Once applications are received, the active members of Owl and Key select the future members of Skull and Bones.

## Membership

Historically, all Owl and Key members were previously members of Skull and Bones, with the latter automatically becoming a member of Owl and Key before graduation. In March 1933, Owl and Key decided to increase its membership by five men so it could also invite worthy students who had not been selected for Skull and Bones. However, its membership is still primarily from Skull and Bones. For example, in its 1940 class, twelve of the fifteen members were from Skull and Bones, with just three new additions. In the 1955 class, eight of the twelve-men members were from Skull and Bones, with four being new additions.
Members are selected the spring semester of their senior year by Owl and Key alumni. Membership was traditionally restricted to senior men; however, women are now members. Invitations are extended students for the academic achievement, leadership, and service in the campus community. Students may also nominate themselves by applying to either Skull and Bones or Owl and Key. Membership to Owl and Key is limited to fifteen initiates per year.

## Notable Members

* Bob Bennett – United States Senator
* Arnie Ferrin – professional basketball player
* John Thomas Greene Jr. – United States district judge
* David S. King – United States House of Representatives
* Russell M. Nelson –. President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
* Vadal Peterson – basketball coach
* Hugh W. Pinnock – authority of the LDS Church and Presidency of the Seventy
* George Albert Smith Jr. – professor at Harvard Business School
* Thornley King Swan – Chief Judge in the Utah Judicial Council
# Charles M. Thomson

Charles Marsh Thomson (February 13, 1877 – December 30, 1943) was a lawyer, judge and U.S. Representative from Illinois.

## Biography

Born in Chicago, Illinois, Thomson attended public schools and the Chicago Manual Training School. He graduated from Washington & Jefferson College, Washington, Pennsylvania, in 1899 and from Northwestern University School of Law, Evanston, Illinois, in 1902. He was admitted to the bar association that year and began practicing law in Chicago.
He served on the Chicago City Council as an alderman from the 25th ward from 1908 through 1912. Thomson was elected to this position in 1908, 1910, and 1912.
He was elected as a Progressive to the 63rd Congress, where he served from March 4, 1913, to March 3, 1915. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the 64th Congress in 1914.
Thompson was originally going to run for mayor of Chicago in 1915 as a progressive. However, after William Hale Thompson entered the race as a Republican, Charles M. Thomson withdrew. William Hale Thompson was elected, and in turn supported Thomson's subsequent candidacy for the Circuit Court of Cook County later that year.
Thomson was elected judge of the circuit court of Cook County in 1915, and reelected in 1921. He was appointed justice of the Illinois Appellate Court in 1917, and reappointed in 1921. He served in this capacity until June 1927, then resumed his law practice in Chicago.
Thomson at one point was president of the Chicago Bar Association.
He was a trustee of the Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad from 1933 to 1939, when he was appointed trustee of the Chicago & North Western Railway. He served as trustee until his death on December 30, 1943. Thomson was interred in Chicago's Rosehill Cemetery.
# Clinton Peak

Clinton Peak is a high mountain summit in the Mosquito Range of the Rocky Mountains of North America, named after former U.S. president Bill Clinton. The 13,864-foot (4,226 m) thirteener is located 2.1 miles (3.3 km) east (bearing 86°) of Fremont Pass, Colorado, United States, on the Continental Divide separating San Isabel National Forest and Lake County from Pike National Forest and Park County.

## Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification system, the mountain is located in an alpine subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and cool to warm summers. Due to its altitude, it receives precipitation all year, as snow in winter, and as thunderstorms in summer, with a dry period in late spring.
# Tecumseh State Correctional Institution

The Tecumseh State Correctional Institution (TSCI) is a medium / maximum security state correctional institution for the Nebraska Department of Correctional Services.
The TSCI is in Nemaha Precinct, Johnson County, about 2 miles (3.2 km) north of Tecumseh, Nebraska, it was established in 1997. Construction began in 1998, and the TSCI began accepting inmates in December 2001. All inmates at TSCI are males who were adjudicated as adults and classified as medium or maximum custody. The institution is designed to house 960 inmates; it is the only facility in Nebraska to house male death row inmates (except inmates who are within a week of their execution, who are housed at Nebraska State Penitentiary).
* Security Levels: Maximum, Medium, Death Row
* Average Population: 900
* Number of Staff: 432
* Cost Per Inmate Per Year: $33,377
In 2013 it was over capacity, with 1,008 prisoners. A prisoner riot occurred in 2015.
A riot on May 10, 2015 resulted in the deaths of two inmates and injuries to two guards.
Another incident occurred on March 2, 2017, resulting in the deaths of two inmates.

## Notable inmates

* Anthony Garcia — Serial killer
* John L. Lotter — Charged and found guilty of rape and the first-degree murder of Brandon Teena, the inspiration for the film Boys Don't Cry.
# Athletics at the 1973 Summer Universiade – Men's shot put

The men's shot put event at the 1973 Summer Universiade was held at the Central Lenin Stadium in Moscow on 16 August.

## Results

| Rank | Athlete | Nationality | #1 | #2 | #3 | #4 | #5 | #6 | Result |
| | Valeriy Voykin | Soviet Union | 19.55 | 19.55 | 19.49 | 19.51 | 19.31 | 19.56 | 19.56 |
| | Leszek Gajdziński | Poland | | | | | | | 19.07 |
| | Aleksandr Baryshnikov | Soviet Union | | | | | | | 19.01 |
| 4 | Jesse Stuart | United States | | | | | | | 19.01 |
| 5 | Dana Leduc | United States | | | | | | | 18.43 |
| 6 | Josef Forst | West Germany | | | | | | | 17.85 |
| 7 | Nikola Khristov | Bulgaria | | | | | | | 17.55 |
| 8 | Michal Strýček | Czechoslovakia | | | | | | | 16.95 |
| 9 | Emad Ali Fayez | Egypt | | | | | | | 15.39 |
# Viktor Mikhailov (politician)

Viktor Grigoryevich Mikhailov (Russian: Виктор Григорьевич Михайлов; 1 April 1936 – 30 November 2023) was a Russian politician who served as the first Governor (Head) of Magadan Oblast from 1991 to 1996.

## Biography

Viktor Mikhailov was born in Kuvandyk, in Orenburg Oblast. From January to November 1996, he was a Member of the Federation Council, member of the Committee on Budget, Tax Policy, Financial, Currency and Customs Regulation.
For his work, he was awarded the Order of Friendship in 1996 and given the Gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation also in 1996. Mikhailov died on 30 November 2023, at the age of 87.
# Rick L. Eddins

Rick L. Eddins is a former Republican member of the North Carolina General Assembly, who represented the state's fortieth House district, including constituents in Wake County, for six terms (1995–2006). A business owner from Raleigh, North Carolina, Eddins was defeated for renomination to another term in the May 2, 2006 Republican primary by Marilyn Avila. He published a memoir, Call Me a Countrypolitan, in 2008.

## Electoral history
### 2006

North Carolina House of Representatives 40th district Republican primary election, 2006 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Marilyn Avila | 2,029 | 65.62% |
| | Republican | Rick Eddins (incumbent) | 1,063 | 34.38% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 3,092 | 100% |

### 2004

North Carolina House of Representatives 40th district Republican primary election, 2004 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Rick Eddins (incumbent) | 3,069 | 50.40% |
| | Republican | David S. Robinson | 3,020 | 49.60% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 6,089 | 100% |
North Carolina House of Representatives 40th district general election, 2004 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Rick Eddins (incumbent) | 29,528 | 62.14% |
| | Democratic | Joe O’Shaughnessy | 16,848 | 35.46% |
| | Libertarian | Andrew Hatchell | 1,143 | 2.41% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 47,519 | 100% |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### 2002

North Carolina House of Representatives 40th district general election, 2002 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Rick Eddins (incumbent) | 18,194 | 85.10% |
| | Libertarian | Scott Quint | 3,186 | 14.90% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 21,380 | 100% |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### 2000

North Carolina House of Representatives 65th district general election, 2000 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Rick Eddins (incumbent) | 23,416 | 100% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 23,416 | 100% |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |
# Albert F. Dawson

Albert Foster Dawson (January 26, 1872 – March 9, 1949) was a three-term Republican U.S. Representative from Iowa's 2nd congressional district.
Born in Spragueville, Iowa, Dawson attended the public schools and the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He engaged in newspaper work at Preston, Iowa, in 1891 and 1892, and was the city editor for the Clinton Herald from 1892 to 1894. He was secretary to Representative George M. Curtis and Senator William B. Allison of Iowa from 1895 to 1905. He studied finance at George Washington University.
In 1904, Dawson challenged incumbent Democratic Congressman Martin J. Wade for the U.S. House seat for Iowa's 2nd congressional district. Riding the coattails of President Theodore Roosevelt's re-election, Dawson, like every other Republican congressional candidate in Iowa, defeated his Democratic opponent. After serving in the Fifty-ninth Congress, Dawson was re-elected in 1906 (to serve in the Sixtieth Congress), and in 1908 (to serve in the Sixty-first Congress). In 1910 he declined to run for a fourth term, citing business and family reasons. In all, he served in Congress from March 4, 1905, to March 3, 1911.
In 1911, he also declined an offer to serve as private secretary to President William Howard Taft. Returning to Iowa at age thirty-eight, he served as president of the First National Bank of Davenport, Iowa, from 1911 to 1929. He was executive secretary of the Republican National Senatorial Committee in 1930, and he was a public utility executive from 1931 to 1945.
He retired from business activities and resided in Highland Park, Illinois, until his death on March 9, 1949, on a train as it neared Cincinnati, Ohio. He was interred in Preston Cemetery.
# Alvin Baldus

Alvin James "Al" Baldus (April 27, 1926 – February 2, 2017) was an American Democratic politician who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives, representing Wisconsin's 3rd congressional district from 1975 to 1981. He also served 16 years in the Wisconsin State Assembly (1967–1975 & 1989–1997).

## Early and career

Born in Garner, Iowa, Baldus graduated from high school in Elkton, Minnesota, and went to Riverland Community College (formerly Austin Junior College) in Austin, Minnesota.
He was in the United States Merchant Marine from 1944 to 1946 and the United States Army, serving in the Korean War from 1951 to 1953.
In 1959, he wed Lorayne Reiten, to whom he would be married until his death in 2017.
He served in the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1966 to 1975 and again from 1989 to 1997.

## Congress

He served three terms in the United States House of Representatives from 1975 to 1981, representing Wisconsin's 3rd congressional district—the first Democrat to hold this seat in 66 years. He served as part of the 94th, 95th and 96th United States Congresses.
He ran unsuccessfully for reelection in 1980, losing to Republican Steve Gunderson.

## Personal life and family

Alvin Baldus married Anna Lorayne "Lolly" Reiten in 1959, at St. Joseph Catholic Church in Menomonie. They had six children together and were married for 58 years before his death in 2017. He died at his home in Menomonie, Wisconsin, on February 2, 2017, at age 90. He was buried at St Joseph's Catholic Church Cemetery.
Baldus' eldest daughter, Deb McGrath, ran for his former seat in the United States House of Representatives in the 2022 election, but lost in the Democratic primary to state senator Brad Pfaff.
# David A. Wirsing

David A. Wirsing (August 5, 1937 – November 16, 2003) was an American farmer and politician.
Wirsing was born in Sycamore, Illinois and went to Sycamore High School. He served in the United States Army and the reserves from 1957 to 1964. Wirsing lived in Sycamore, Illinois with his wife and family and was a farmer and was involved with grain production and with hogs. Wirsing served on the Sycamore School Board from 1986 until 1992 and was the vice-president of the school board. Wirsing served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1993 until his death in 2003. Wirsing was a Republican. Wirsing died from a heart attack at his home in Sycamore, Illinois.
# Silene greenei

Silene greenei, commonly known as bell catchfly, is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae. It is a perennial herb that is native to the western United States (Oregon and California).

## Description

Specimens have a taproot and a stout, woody, many-branched caudex, producing many erect-to-straggling little branched flowering shoots. Stems are 5–40 cm long with trichomes, soft to scabrous with eglandular or viscid-glandular, especially distally. They have very rarely glabrous and with several pairs of two leaves with equaling or shorter than stem. Flowers have ten-veined sepals and are often greenish but rarely can be pink or purple. Seeds are brown and are 2-2.5 mm broad.

## Distribution and habitat

The nominate subspecies S. g. greenei, the common bell catchfly, is native to northern California and southern Oregon. S. g. angustifolia, the red mountain catchfly, is considered Critically Imperilled and only found in the mountains of California.
# Athletics at the 1985 Summer Universiade – Women's shot put

The women's shot put event at the 1985 Summer Universiade was held at the Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium in Kobe on 29 August 1985.
The winning margin was 2.68 metres which as of 2024 remains the only time the women's shot put was won by more than 2.2 metres at these games.

## Results

| Rank | Athlete | Nationality | Result |
| | Natalya Lisovskaya | Soviet Union | 20.47 |
| | Yang Yanqin | China | 17.79 |
| | Ramona Pagel | United States | 17.46 |
| 4 | Valentina Fedyushina | Soviet Union | 17.42 |
| 5 | Simona Andrușca | Romania | 17.17 |
| 6 | Maria Kripli | Hungary | 16.99 |
| 7 | Marcelina Rodríguez | Cuba | 16.80 |
| 8 | Sui Xinmei | China | 16.06 |
| 9 | Gabriela Hanuláková | Czechoslovakia | 15.83 |
| 10 | Regine Cavanaugh | United States | 15.47 |
| 11 | Concetta Milanese | Italy | 15.44 |
| 12 | Rie Ogata | Japan | 13.96 |
# 1869 in Norway

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events in the year 1869 in Norway.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Charles IV.

## Events

* 14 August – Charles Wilhelm Thesen leaves Norway in his 117-ton schooner Albatros, loaded with timber to sell in New Zealand.
* 16 November – Charles Wilhelm Thesen arrives in Cape Town. After bad weather delays his onward journey, he decides to stay in South Africa.

## Arts and literature

* 3 April – Edvard Grieg's Piano Concerto in A minor receives its première in Copenhagen, played by Edmund Neupert, with Holger Simon Paulli conducting.

## Births
### January to June

* 18 February – Johan Hjort, fisheries scientist, marine zoologist and oceanographer (died 1948)
* 23 March – Waldemar Ager, newspaperman and author in America (died 1941)
* 1 April – Peter Egge, writer (died 1959)
* 11 April – Gustav Vigeland, sculptor (died 1943)
* 5 May – Hjalmar Christensen, writer (died 1925)
* 8 May – Andreas Tostrup Urbye, politician and Minister (died 1955)
* 15 June – Anna Gjøstein, politician and proponent for women's rights pioneer (died 1956).

### July to December

* 5 July – Holger Sinding-Larsen, architect (died 1938)
* 31 July – Johannes Irgens, diplomat, politician and Minister (died 1939)
* 23 August – Rasmus Olai Mortensen, politician and Minister (died 1934)
* 13 September – Kristen Holbø, painter and illustrator (died 1953)
* 17 September – Christian Lous Lange, historian, teacher and political scientist, shared the Nobel Peace Prize in 1921 (died 1938)
* 29 September – Harald Sohlberg, painter (died 1935)
* 5 October – Gitta Jønsson, politician and proponent for women's rights (died 1950).
* 11 October – Johan Aschehoug Kiær, paleontologist and geologist (died 1931)

## Deaths

* 6 March – Niels Nielsen Vogt, priest and politician (born 1798)
* 28 October – Gustav Peter Blom, politician (born 1785)

### Full date unknown

* Melchior Schjelderup Olsson Fuhr, politician (born 1790)
* Jon Eriksson Helland II, Hardanger fiddle maker (born 1849)
* Bernt Sverdrup Maschmann, priest and politician (born 1805)
* Christopher Simonsen Fougner, politician (born 1795)
# Joe L. Kiser

Joseph Leonard Kiser (born August 20, 1933) is a former Republican member of the North Carolina General Assembly, who represented the State of North Carolina's mountainous ninety-seventh House district, which mostly included Lincoln County. Mr. Kiser served in the State House from the late 1980s until 2009.
Joe Kiser served a term as Sheriff of Lincoln County before being elected to the State legislature. Mr. Kiser served seven terms in the North Carolina State House and is the former House Republican Leader. After 2008, Mr. Kiser did not run for re-election. He was succeeded by Jonathan Rhyne Jr.
Mr. Kiser is retired, and lives in Vale, North Carolina.

## Electoral history
### 2006

North Carolina House of Representatives 97th district general election, 2006 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Joe Kiser (incumbent) | 12,080 | 100% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 12,080 | 100% |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### 2004

North Carolina House of Representatives 97th district general election, 2004 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Joe Kiser (incumbent) | 17,888 | 61.13% |
| | Democratic | Ken H. Fortenberry | 11,374 | 38.87% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 29,262 | 100% |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### 2002

North Carolina House of Representatives 97th district Republican primary election, 2002 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Joe Kiser (incumbent) | 4,362 | 70.30% |
| | Republican | David J. Noles | 1,843 | 29.70% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 6,205 | 100% |
North Carolina House of Representatives 97th district general election, 2002 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Joe Kiser (incumbent) | 11,859 | 58.51% |
| | Democratic | Floyd E. Mason | 7,760 | 38.29% |
| | Libertarian | Bryan Edwards | 650 | 3.21% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 20,269 | 100% |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### 2000

North Carolina House of Representatives 45th district Republican primary election, 2000 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Joe Kiser (incumbent) | 4,467 | 41.42% |
| | Republican | Mark Hilton | 3,597 | 33.35% |
| | Republican | Ray Hoyle | 2,722 | 25.24% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 10,786 | 100% |
North Carolina House of Representatives 45th district general election, 2000 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Joe Kiser (incumbent) | 30,639 | 32.75% |
| | Republican | Mark Hilton | 29,812 | 31.87% |
| | Democratic | David Clark Jr. | 19,419 | 20.76% |
| | Democratic | Columbus J. Turner | 13,679 | 14.62% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 93,549 | 100% |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |
# Aqua Lung America

Aqualung America (formerly U.S. Divers Company) is an American company based in Doral, Florida which makes scuba equipment. The company is a division of the Aqualung Group, which was, until 2016, a division of Air Liquide. Aqualung Group was sold by Air Liquide to Montagu Private Equity by the end of 2016. It was acquired by Barings LLC in December 2023.
After U.S. Divers Company was renamed Aqualung America, the name U.S. Divers was retained as a trademark for Aqua Lung's line of snorkelling equipment. In 2024, the U.S. Divers brand was sold to a California-based company called Aqua Master Sporting Technology.

## History

The "Aqua-Lung" regulator was created by Jacques-Yves Cousteau and Émile Gagnan in 1943. In 1946, the company known as La Spirotechnique (now Aqua Lung International) was established by both men together with Jean Delorme, CEO of Air Liquide, as a division of Air Liquide to sell the Aqua-Lung regulators.
In the United States, the Aqua-Lung regulator was first sold in the late 1940s by René Sporting Goods, a sporting goods store in Los Angeles, California owned by René Bussoz. He soon obtained a contract with La Spirotechnique to import Aqua-Lung equipment into the United States for sale on the Pacific coast (Spaco, Inc. had the contract for the Atlantic coast).
In 1952, Bussoz changed the name of his company to "U.S. Divers Company" and registered the Aqua-Lung trademark in the United States. In 1957, Bussoz sold the company and the trade names to La Spirotechnique.
Around 2003, U.S. Divers Company was renamed Aqua Lung America after La Spirotechnique changed its name to Aqua Lung International. The U.S. Divers name is maintained as a trademark for Aqua Lung's line of snorkelling equipment.
# Central District (Qaleh Ganj County)

The Central District of Qaleh Ganj County (Persian: بخش مرکزی شهرستان قلعه گنج) is in Kerman province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Qaleh Ganj.

## History

After the 2016 National Census, Dulab Rural District was created in the district, and Sorkh Qaleh Rural District was separated from it in the formation of Sorkh Qaleh District.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 census, the district's population was 45,367 in 9,538 households. The following census in 2011 counted 49,904 people in 12,434 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the district as 50,955 inhabitants in 14,002 households.

### Administrative divisions

Central District (Qaleh Ganj County) Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
| Dulab RD | | | |
| Qaleh Ganj RD | 13,947 | 16,070 | 15,997 |
| Sorkh Qaleh RD | 19,860 | 21,171 | 21,789 |
| Qaleh Ganj (city) | 11,560 | 12,663 | 13,169 |
| Total | 45,367 | 49,904 | 50,955 |
| RD = Rural District ||||