OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jarryd Coetsee

Jarryd Coetsee (born 5 August 1982) is a South African writer and filmmaker. His short film, The Suit won numerous international awards.

## Early life and education

Coetsee was born in Pretoria where he attended Pretoria Boys High School. When he was 19, he was a Semi-Finalist in the Chesterfield Writers' Fellowship originated at Steven Spielberg's Amblin Entertainment in Los Angeles. He completed a Master of Arts in Screenwriting at the London Metropolitan Film School (Met Film School) at Ealing Studios, part of the University of West London. Initially, he was accepted into a Master's program in Filmmaking but chose to shift his focus to Screenwriting midway through. Coetsee was awarded a merit scholarship from the Oppenheimer Memorial Trust for his talent and portfolio, as well as the Voices That Matter Scholarship, aimed at supporting diversity, inclusion, and accessibility in the screen industries.
Before his studies in London, Coetsee was accepted into the University of Oxford to pursue a Master of Studies (MSt) in the History of Art, and was a finalist for the Chevening Scholarship of the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office. However, he chose to follow his passion for screenwriting and filmmaking.
Coetsee also holds a Master of Arts Degree in English Literature which he passed with cum laude distinction from the University of Stellenbosch, where he authored a thesis on themes of identity in the 1970s East African travel literature of Trinidadian author Shiva Naipaul. Additionally, he has a Bachelor of Arts with Honors in Film Studies from the University of Cape Town and studied Filmmaking and Film Production at South African institutions, including AFDA (the South African School of Motion Picture Medium and Live Performance) in Cape Town, and South Africa's oldest film school, the Motion Picture Academy at Pretoria Technikon (now the Tshwane University of Technology). Coetsee has contributed to the industry as a juror at the Scotland African Film Festival in Glasgow and Edinburgh.

## Career

His short film, The Suit, won numerous international awards including the Best Short Film Award at the 11th SAFTAs and has been shown in 83 cities and towns in over 20 countries. The film features performances by Tony Award-winner John Kani and Atandwa Kani. Three of the film festivals for which it was selected are Oscar qualifiers (Urbanworld Film Festival, Pan African Film Festival and BronzeLens Film Festival). Coetsee was the only filmmaker from Africa selected by the Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma for its prestigious Les Nuits en Or 2017 (Golden Nights 2017) which saw him participate in film-related programmes in France, Italy and Greece, and receiving an award from UNESCO at its headquarters, the World Heritage Centre, in Paris for The Suit which was selected as one of the thirty top short films from around the world.

### Filmography

| Year(s) | Title(s) | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Studio(s) |
| 2016 | The Suit | Jarryd Coetsee | Luke Sharland | Mandala Films |
# Konkani

Konkani may refer to:

## Language

* Konkani language is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Konkan region of India.
* Konkani alphabets, different scripts used to write the language
** Konkani in the Roman script, one of the scripts used to write the language
* Konkani phonology
* Konkani language agitation, historic agitations in support of the language in Goa, India
* Maharashtrian Konkani, a dialect of the Konkani language spoken in Maharashtra, India
* Marathi-Konkani languages, Indic languages of Maharashtra and Konkan, including Marathi and Konkani

### Dialects of Konkani language

* Goan Konkani, as spoken in Goa, India
* Malvani, as spoken in the Malvan region of Maharashtra
* Chitpavani Konkani, as spoken by the Chitpavan Brahmins
* Karnataka Konkani, as spoken in Karnataka, India
** Canara Konkani, as spoken in the Canara region of Karnataka, India
** Karwari Konkani, a Konkani language, as spoken in Karwar, Karnataka, India
** Mangalorean Konkani, as spoken in Mangalore, Karnataka, India

## Ethnic groups

* Konkani people, south-western India
** Konkani Muslims
* People of the Konkan Division, in Konkan Division, Maharashtra, India
# Pilar Defilló Amiguet

Pilar Defilló Amiguet (November 11, 1853, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico - March 11, 1931, Catalonia, Spain) was a Puerto Rican and Catalan musician, known as the mother of Enric Casals and Pablo Casals.

## Biography

She was the daughter of Joseph Defilló Tusquellas (c.1815 - Mayagüez, 1871) and Raimunda Amiguet Ferrer, who both immigrated to Mayagüez, Puerto Rico in 1849 as political refugees from Catalonia. In Mayagüez, she worked in her father’s shop “El cronometro” keeping the books until his death in 1871. After her father's death, she emigrated with her mother to El Vendrell, Tarragona, in 1871, where she married Carles Casals Ribes, the pianist and organist from the parroquial church of El Vendrell, after having been an outstanding pupil of him. Her father had belonged to the Secret Abolitionist Society run by Ramón Emeterio Betances, a friend of the family's.
On May 8, 2015, the birthplace of Pilar Defilló at 21 Calle Mendez Vigo in Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, which had been built in 1841 and recently had been restored, opened as the Casa Museo Pilar Defilló, a cultural museum devoted to Pablo Casals.
# Khademul Islam Chowdhury

Khademul Islam Chowdhury is a retired Justice of the High Court Division of the Bangladesh Supreme Court. He was chairperson of the Chittagong Hill Tracts Land Dispute Resolution Commission.

## Career

In July 2005, Chowdhury and Justice Emdadul Haque Azad kept journalist Salahuddin Shoaib Chowdhury standing in dock at the court as punishment for ignoring a court order.
In May 2007, Chowdhury and Justice Md. Ashfaqul Islam granted bail to 39 Awami League activists, including British citizens, who were detained after flying to Bangladesh from London with former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. They were arrested by police under emergency powers and were accused of trying to destabilize Bangladesh.
Following Justice Abdus Salam Mamun filing a writ petition, Justice Khademul Islam Chowdhury and Justice Mashuque Hosain Ahmed of the High Court Division asked the government why it should not be ordered to make Mamun a permanent judge of the High Court Division on 23 July 2008.
In July 2009, Chowdhury was appointed chairperson of the Chittagong Hill Tracts Land Dispute Resolution Commission. Parbatya Chattagram Jana Sanghati Samity demanded the government of Bangladesh remove Chowdhury from the Chittagong Hill Tracts Land Dispute Resolution Commission. Raja Debasish Roy, Chief of Chakma Circle, also called for his removal.
In November 2013, Bangladesh Cricket Board created a disciplinary panel to examine match fixing allegation and from which a tribunal will be created. The panel was led by Justice Mohammad Abdur Rashid included Chowdhury, Nirmalendu Goon, and Sheikh Rezowan Ali. Chowdhury headed a three panel tribunal to examine evidence of match fixing in the second season of Bangladesh Premier League following the allegations of the Anti-Corruption and Security Unit of the International Cricket Council.
# Thomas Nicolson (bishop)

Thomas Joseph Nicolson (c. 1645 – 12 October 1718) was a Roman Catholic bishop who served as the Vicar Apostolic of Scotland.

## Life
### Early Life

Born in Birkenbog, Banffshire in 1645, he was the son of Thomas Nicolsone, merchant, and his wife, Elizabeth Abercrombie of Birkenbog. His older brother was Sir George Nicolson, Lord Kemnay. He was raised an Episcopalian and studied at the University of Aberdeen matriculating in 1660. He became a regent (i.e. professor) of the University of Glasgow. He would not comply with the Test Act passed by the Scottish Parliament in 1681, and was removed from his position at the University of Glasgow. He converted to the Roman Catholic Church in 1682.

### Priesthood

Nicolson was appointed to the staff at the episcopal seminary of Padua, and later decided to become a priest himself. He was prefect of studies there from 1685 to 1687, and was ordained a priest on 9 March 1686. He then returned to the Glasgow on mission, and was imprisoned in Stirling Castle at the time of the Glorious Revolution. He was exiled to France, where he became chaplain to English Benedictine nuns at Dunkirk.

### Bishop

There was a need for a superior in Scotland with the authority over the secular and regular clergy, and following the Glorious Revolution the Church was left in further chaos. In response, Pope Innocent XII established an Apostoltic Vicariate for Scotland, and appointed Nicolson the Vicar Apostolic of Scotland and Titular Bishop of Peristasis on 7 September 1694. He was consecrated to the Episcopate in secret at Paris on 27 February 1695. The principal consecrator was Bishop Jules Mascaron of Agen, and the principal co-consecrators were Bishop Henri de Barillon of Luçon and Bishop Martin de Ratabon of Ypres. Unable to travel to Scotland immediately, he secured the submission of the Abbots of the Scottish monasteries at Würzburg and Ratisbon. He set up residence at Preshome and divided the Scottish mission into administrative districts. He received the submission of the Scottish Jesuits at Aberdeen in 1701. On 11 March 1704 he ordained Peter Fraser, the first priestly ordination in Scotland since the reformation.
He was imprisoned after the Jacobite rising of 1715, but was later released. He died in office on 12 October 1718, aged 73.
# Pablo Casals Festival

The Pablo Casals Festival is a music festival in the French Pyrenees created by the cellist and conductor Pablo Casals in 1950.

## History

Casals opposed the Francoist regime in Spain which lasted until after his death. As an exile, Prades in the French Pyrenees became his adopted home.
After the Spanish Civil War, he refused to perform in public in protest. Following the Second World War and this long period of silence, he was solicited by music lovers all over the world. He was asked to play again in concert and in particular in 1950 for the bicentenary of the death of Johann Sebastian Bach: in front of his repeated refusal, his friends, and particularly the violinist Alexander Schneider, offered him to come and play at his house in Prades; Pablo Casals accepted. The greatest performers of his time could be found there: (Clara Haskil, Mieczysław Horszowski, Isaac Stern, Marcel Tabuteau, Joseph Szigeti, Rudolf Serkin, Paul Tortelier, etc.) which made it a place of musical fervour Thus was born the Festival de Prades which has continued since that date, seeing the greatest chamber music performers in the world. Pablo Casals still participated at the age of ninety, conducting his oratorio El Pessebre (The Crib), a work written during the war on a poem by his friend Joan Alavedra i Segurañas [ca].
The Festival takes place, among other venues, in one of the jewels of Romanesque Catalonia, the Abbey of Saint-Michel-de-Cuxa, at the feet of the Canigou.
In 1976, at the suggestion of the violinist Fred Muccioli, the Prades Academy of Music was created, which welcomes young musicians and provides master classes for musical instruments and chamber music.
In 2005 the "International Composition Competition of the Pablo Casals Festival of Prades" was created, the winner of which was the German composer Thorsten Encke for his String Quartet (2004). The second edition took place on 14 April 2007 and the prize, with a 15,000 euros reward, was awarded to Hee Yun Kim for Mémoire de Dong-Hak, quintet for flute, clarinet, violin, cello and piano.
# Robert C. Holub

Robert C. Holub (August 22, 1949 – August 27, 2023) was an American germanist, university professor and administrator. He served as chancellor of the University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass) from August 2008 to June 2012.

## Early life and education

Born in Neptune Township, New Jersey, Holub was raised in Belmar, New Jersey, and attended Asbury Park High School. He became the first member of his family to attend college. Holub received his bachelor's degree in natural science from the University of Pennsylvania in 1971, going on to earn master's degrees in comparative literature (in 1973) and German (in 1976) and a Ph.D. in German (1979) from the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

## Academic appointments

Serving as a professor of German at the University of California-Berkeley (full professor from 1989 on), he became a leading scholar of 19th- and 20th-century German intellectual, cultural, and literary history. At Berkeley, he also served as the undergraduate dean, college of letters and science from 2003 to 2006, before taking the position of provost and vice chancellor for academic affairs at the University of Tennessee, which he held from 2006 to 2008 before taking the chancellor position at UMass.

## Death

Robert C. Holub died on August 27, 2023, at the age of 74.

## Publications

* Heinrich Heine’s Reception of German Grecophilia: The Function and Application of the Hellenic Tradition in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century (Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Carl Winter, 1981).
* Reception Theory: A Critical Introduction (London and York: Methuen, 1984).
* Reflections of Realism: Paradox, Norm, and Ideology in Nineteenth-Century German Prose (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1991).
* Jürgen Habermas: Critic in the Public Sphere (London: Routledge, 1991).
* Crossing Borders: Reception Theory, Poststructuralism, Deconstruction (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1992).
* Friedrich Nietzsche (New York: Twayne Publishers, 1995).
* Nietzsche’s Jewish Problem: Between Anti-Semitism and Anti-Judaism (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2016).
* Nietzsche in the Nineteenth Century: Social Questions and Philosophical Interventions (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018).
# Senegalia mellifera

Senegalia mellifera is a common thorn tree in Africa. The name mellifera refers to its sweet-smelling blossoms and honey. Its lumber turns pitch black when oiled. Common names of the tree include Blackthorn and Swarthaak (Afrikaans). It is listed as being not threatened.

## Distribution

Senegalia mellifera is found in the dry areas of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula.

## Characteristics

Senegalia mellifera can occur either as a multi-trunked bush up to seven metres high with more or less a funnel-shaped crown, or as a single-trunked tree that can reach a height of up to nine metres. It can form an impenetrable thickets. In some areas of Africa, it is considered a problematic shrub species leading to Woody plant encroachment as it can expand into and cover large areas of farmland.

## Uses

In Africa, Senegalia mellifera is used as fencing, livestock feed and building material for huts. It flowers are sources of nectar for honey-producing bees. The wood is prized also for fuel and making charcoal. It is widely used in traditional African medicine.

## Animal uses

This tree is an important feed resource for both cattle and wild animals especially in dry areas of Africa. The leaves and young branches are very nutritious, containing a high percentage of protein. The flowers are often eaten by kudu. Common browsers of the tree include elephants, black rhino, giraffe and the eland. Senegalia mellifera leaves can constitute an important part of goat diets.
# Latakia Camp

35°30′28″N 35°47′45″E﻿ / ﻿35.50778°N 35.79583°E﻿ / 35.50778; 35.79583 The Latakia camp (Arabic: مخيم اللاذقية), also known as Al-Raml camp, is an "unofficial" Palestinian refugee camp located within the municipal boundaries of Latakia on the Mediterranean coast of Syria. Established in 1955–1956 on an area of 220,000 square meters, most of the refugees originate from the city of Jaffa and villages in northern Palestine. As of June 2002, the number of registered refugees living in Latakia camp is 6,354.
Fishing provides a small income for many refugees. Work as casual labourers in the port and seasonal employment in the tourism sector are also common.
The United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) is working on rehabilitating shelters and upgrading the sewage system in the camp. UNRWA operates four schools in the camp and constructed a women's programme center with contributions from the government of Germany in 1997 and a new school with contributions from the government of the United States of America in 2001.

## 2011 Syrian government attack

On August 15, 2011, during the Siege of Latakia the camp was shelled by Syrian government forces, forcing residents to flee.
# Patrick C. Whitaker

Patrick Crisp Whitaker (June 29, 1894 – September 14, 1965) was an American defense attorney who served in the Florida House of Representatives and Florida Senate including as Senate President. He led the defense of six Tampa policemen and the police chief accused of involvement in a deadly 1935 attack on a political group known as the Modern Democrats. His brother-in-law, R.E.L. Chancey was the Mayor of Tampa. His grandson is a lawyer in Sanford, Florida.
He was born in Franklin, Georgia, the eldest of five siblings born to Georgia state legislator Daniel Brittain Whitaker. He graduated with a law degree from Georgetown University in 1915. He set up a law firm in Tampa in 1917.
Whitaker was elected to the Florida House of Representatives in 1924 and the State Senate in 1926. He was re-elected in 1930 and served as Senate president from 1931 to 1933. He lost his re-election campaign in 1934, but won again in 1938.
Whitaker argued the case Hale v. Bimco Trading, Inc. before the Supreme Court in 1939. The case involved a charge against the Florida State Road Department enforcing a statute regulating cement inspection.
He liked scotch and cigars and was reputed to take out his false teeth during trials. In 1919 he famously got six young men cleared of a fishing violation by contending that since mullet have gizzards they are not fish, but some sort of aquatic fowl. As a result, state fishing regulations were reportedly revised to specifically mention mullet, regardless of whether fish or fowl.
# Muitos Capões

Muitos Capões is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It was raised to municipality status in 1992, the area being taken out of the municipalities of Vacaria, Lagoa Vermelha and Esmeralda. As of 2020, the estimated population was 3,173.
It contains the Aracuri-Esmeralda Ecological Station.
# Arkadij Naiditsch

Arkadij Naiditsch (Azerbaijani: Arkadi Naydiç; born 25 October 1985) is a Latvian-German chess grandmaster who currently represents Bulgaria after previously representing Latvia (until 1997), Germany (1998–2015) and Azerbaijan (2015-2024).

## Career

In 1995 he won the European Under-10 championship in Verdun.
Naiditsch was the winner of the Dortmund Sparkassen 2005 Tournament, ahead of higher-rated and well-known players such as Loek van Wely, Veselin Topalov, Peter Svidler, Vladimir Kramnik, Michael Adams, and Peter Leko. In 2007, he won the German national championship based in Bad Königshofen.
In 2011 he won the 15th International Neckar Open with a score of 8½/9. This achievement enabled him to cross the 2700 Elo rating mark. In the same year Naiditsch played on the top board for the German team that won the gold medal at the European Team Chess Championship in Porto Carras.
Naiditsch won the Grandmaster Group B of the Tata Steel Chess Tournament 2013 in Wijk aan Zee on tiebreak over Richárd Rapport after both finished on 9/13. This victory qualified him for the Tata Steel Group A of 2014 (later renamed 'Tata Steel Masters'). In August 2014 he won with the black pieces against World Champion Magnus Carlsen, playing first board for the German team in the 41st Chess Olympiad in Tromsø. The following month Naiditsch won the 2nd Grenke Chess Classic tournament in Baden-Baden. In December of the same year, he finished first in the 38th Zurich Christmas Open.
In January 2015 he tied for 1st–5th with Alexander Donchenko, Eduardo Iturrizaga, Matthias Dann and Miloš Pavlović in the Masters section of the Basel Chess Festival, winning the tournament on best tiebreak score. Naiditsch tied for first with Magnus Carlsen in the 3rd Grenke Chess Classic in February 2015, finishing second after a five-game blitz playoff, which ended with an armageddon game.
In July 2015 he switched to the Azerbaijani Chess Federation. On 30 December 2015 Naiditsch won for the second consecutive year the Zurich Christmas Open. Six days later, he won also the Basel Chess Festival for the second year in a row.
In 2024, he switched his federation to Bulgaria and represented the Bulgarian national team at the 45th Chess Olympiad in Budapest, Hungary.

## Personal life

In October 2014, Naiditsch married Ukrainian-Israeli chess player IM Yuliya Shvayger. As of 2015, he lives in Baku with his family.
# Elizabeth Street Mall

Elizabeth Street Mall is a pedestrian street mall in Hobart, Tasmania. It is located on Elizabeth Street, running for one block between Collins Street and Liverpool Street. It is the largest shopping area in the Hobart city centre. It is also a busy meeting place and busking area.
The mall was created in the 1970s when small-scale pedestrianisations were briefly popular in Australia and other countries. At the time this was opposed by some businesses, but now the street is one of the busiest in the city.

## Features
### Shopping centres

Located in Hobart's historical nexus and by the Hobart Bus Mall, it is a central access point for a number of the city's boutique and high-end shopping destinations, including shopping malls such as:
* The Wellington Centre and Arcade (15 shops and a Woolworths), which is connected to Wellington Court through to the Bank Arcade (16 shops) and a TasTAFE at Purdys Mart.
* The Cat and Fiddle Arcade (70 shops) via Elizabeth Lane, which connects to the Myer anchor and through to Centrepoint Shopping Centre (34 shops) across Murray Street.

### Wellington Bridge

The Elizabeth Street Mall was once a crossing of the Hobart Rivulet valley, and there were many historic bridges before it was canalised and subsequently buried. The Wellington Bridge, which has been a popular gathering space, is still visible within the mall as a landmark. In 1913:
   "The distance by road from Hobart to Launceston is calculated as from Wellington Bridge, … On one side palatial buildings were erected a few years ago. … on Saturday nights, [sporting men and youths] play the afternoon's football match all over again. Some of the greatest sporting events of the year are lost and won on Wellington Bridge. … on Walch's Corner, the kerbstone politicians settle the fate of the crowned heads of the world … Mayorships and judgeships are given deep thought in common with other great public questions … The glory of Wellington Bridge will not depart with the new building. On the contrary, the latter will shed new light in the locality, and will tend to throw some light on the arguments of the habitues."
In a similar spirit, the bridge was the location of a modern Speakers' Corner.

### Kodak building

A well-known five-storey Neo-Gothic former Kodak Australasia Pty Ltd building is located on the mall at 45 Elizabeth Street and opened in 1915. There was an attempt to preserve the disused building through adaptation in 2020.