OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Podocarpus tixieri

Podocarpus tixieri is a species of conifer in family Podocarpaceae. It is a tree native to southeastern Thailand and southern Cambodia.
# Allan Larsen

Allan Franklin Larsen (April 4, 1919 – March 2, 2005) was an American Republican politician from Eastern Idaho who served as a member of both chambers of the Idaho Legislature. He was the Republican nominee in the 1978 Idaho gubernatorial election.

## Early life and education

Born in Preston, Idaho, he attended Utah Agricultural College (now Utah State University) in Logan.

## Career

Larsen operated a potato farm near Firth in Bingham County. First elected to the state legislature in 1966, he served six terms in the Idaho House of Representatives, the last two as speaker. He was the Republican nominee in the 1978 Idaho gubernatorial election, but was defeated by the Democratic incumbent, John Evans of Malad.
Larsen returned to private life on his farm for a 12 years. Following his first wife's death and his remarriage to Alva Lu Hebdon, he returned to the legislature when he was elected to the Idaho Senate in 1990 and the House of Representatives in 1992 and 1994.

## Personal life

Larsen died in Bingham County, Idaho at age 85 in 2005; he and his first wife Barbara (1920–1990) are buried at the Riverside-Thomas Cemetery in Blackfoot.
# Ham Heung-chul

Ham Heung-chul (Korean: 함흥철; 17 November 1930 – 11 September 2000) was a South Korean football player and manager. While playing for the South Korea national football team, Ham won two titles in the AFC Asian Cup and three silver medals in the Asian Games. He also participated in the 1964 Summer Olympics, but conceded 20 goals during three Olympic matches. After retirement, Ham managed South Korea national team, winning the 1978 Asian Games. He also managed Hallelujah FC, and became the first manager to win the K League title.
While climbing Mt. Seorak, Ham lost his footing and fell off a cliff on 11 September 2000. He died from this incident.

## Honours
### Player

ROK Army OPMG
* Korean National Championship: 1954
* Korean President's Cup runner-up: 1957
Korea Tungsten
* Korean Semi-professional League (Spring): 1965
* Korean Semi-professional League (Autumn): 1965, 1966
* Korean President's Cup: 1965, 1966
South Korea
* AFC Asian Cup: 1956, 1960
* Asian Games silver medal: 1954, 1958, 1962
Individual
* KASA Best Korean Footballer: 1961

### Manager

South Korea
* Asian Games: 1978
Hallelujah FC
* K League 1: 1983
Individual
* K League 1 Manager of the Year: 1983
# John Andrew Sullivan

John Andrew Sullivan (May 10, 1868 – May 31, 1927) was a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts.
Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Sullivan attended the common and high schools. He was graduated from the Boston University Law School in 1896. He was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Boston, Massachusetts. He served as member of the Massachusetts State Senate 1900-1902.
Sullivan was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-eighth and Fifty-ninth Congresses (March 4, 1903 – March 3, 1907). He declined to be a candidate for renomination. He resumed the practice of law in Boston, Massachusetts.
He was appointed a member of the Boston Finance Commission in July 1907 and served until the commission expired. In June 1909, Sullivan became chairman of the permanent Boston Finance Commission. He resigned in 1914 to become corporation counsel of Boston. Later, he was a lecturer on municipal government at Harvard University in 1912 and 1913 and then at Boston University Law School from 1920 to 1925. Sullivan resumed the practice of his profession in Boston.
He died in Scituate, Massachusetts, May 31, 1927 and was interred in Holy Cross Cemetery, Malden, Massachusetts.
# National Confectioners Association

The National Confectioners Association is an American trade organization that promotes chocolate, candy, gum and mints, and the companies that make these treats. NCA lobbies the American government in favor of the confectionery industry, evaluated at US$35 billion. Confections are produced in all 50 states. The association "annually hosts the National Candy Show in Chicago, as well as the Candy Hall of Fame". As of 2024, the Sweets and Snacks Expo will take place in Indianapolis.

## Candy Hall of Fame

The Candy Hall of Fame is an event produced by the association that recognizes the achievements of leaders across the confectionery industry globally.

### Class of 2021

* Michelle Frame, Victus Ars
* Pam Gesford, The Hershey Company
* Forrest Mars Jr. (posthumous), Mars Wrigley Confectionery U.S.
* Deb Grenon, My Favorite Company, Inc.
* Barry Phillips, SpartanNash Co.
* Kurt Rosenberg (posthumous), Promotion in Motion Companies
* Alan Scharhon, Halfon Candy Co.
* Mark Schlott, R.M. Palmer Co.
* David Shaffer, Just Born, Inc.
* Douglas Simons, Enstrom Candies, Inc.
* Robert Taylor, Burdette Beckmann Inc.

### Class of 2017

* Peter Blommer, Blommer Chocolate Co.
* Rick Brindle, Mondelez International, Inc.
* Sara Clair, Brown & Haley
* Ray Cote, American Chocolate Mould Co.
* Basant Dwivedi, The Promotion In Motion Cos., Inc.
* Mary Beth Geraci, Carlin Group
* Richard Hartel, University of Wisconsin-Madison
* Scott Hartman, Rutter’s Holdings Inc.
* Rob Nelson, Elmer Candy Corp.
* Dave Taiclet, 1-800-Flowers.com/Fannie May Confections
* Mary Villa, URM Stores Inc.

## Controversy

In March 2007, the Chocolate Manufacturers Association, whose members include Hershey's, Nestlé, and Archer Daniels Midland, began lobbying the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to change the legal definition of chocolate to allow the substitution of "safe and suitable vegetable fats and oils" (including partially hydrogenated vegetable oils) for cocoa butter in addition to using "any sweetening agent" (including artificial sweeteners) and milk substitutes. Currently, the FDA does not allow a product to be referred to as "chocolate" if the product contains any of these ingredients. To work around this restriction, products with cocoa substitutes are often branded or labeled as "chocolatey" or "made with chocolate".
On March 7, 2017, The Washington Post reported that the NCA was lobbying the Trump administration. The NCA's goal, as reported by the Post, was to advocate for the rollback of government policies that make the production of NCA members' products more expensive. One of the controversial issues reported by the Post was the scheduling of NCA events at Trump-owned properties. Thus, money is being paid by the NCA to Trump as they seek to influence government policy.
# Arne Rostad

Arne Rostad (4 March 1894 – 21 June 1969) was a Norwegian politician for the Farmers' Party.
He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Oppland in 1945, but he was not re-elected in 1949.
Born in Verdal Municipality, Rostad was a member of municipal council for Vardal Municipality from 1925 to 1940.
Outside politics he worked as a farmer. He was declared Knight of the Order of St. Olav in 1964.
# Edward E. Holland

Edward Everett Holland (February 26, 1861 – October 23, 1941) was an American lawyer, banker, and politician who served as a U.S. Representative from Virginia from 1911 to 1921.

## Early life and education

Born near Suffolk, Virginia, to the former Ann Scott Pretlow and her husband, Zechariah Holland, Holland attended private schools. He attended the Richmond College, then studied law at the University of Virginia School of Law in Charlottesville, Virginia.
He was admitted to the bar in 1882 and commenced practice in Suffolk, Virginia. He served as mayor of Suffolk in 1885–1887, then was elected the Commonwealth's attorney (prosecutor) for Nansemond County, serving from 1887 to 1907.
Holland became president of the Farmers Bank of Nansemond in 1892. He served as a member of the State senate from 1908 to 1911.
Holland was elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-second and to the four succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1911 – March 3, 1921). He was not a candidate for renomination in 1920. He resumed his banking pursuits. He served as a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1920 and 1924. He served as member of the Senate of Virginia during the years 1930–1941.

## Death and legacy

He died in Suffolk, Virginia, on October 23, 1941, and was in Cedar Hill Cemetery, Suffolk, Virginia. His home at Suffolk, the Building at 216 Bank Street, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985

## Electoral history

* 1910: Holland was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives defeating Republican H.H. Humble and Independent C.E. Good, winning 78.99% of the vote.
* 1912: Holland was re-elected defeating Progressive Nathaniel T. Green and Independents Isaiah A. Chesman and B.D. Downey, winning 89.07% of the vote.
* 1914: Holland was re-elected defeating Socialist E.B. Everton and Socialist Labor S.L. Ford, winning 88% of the vote.
* 1916: Holland was re-elected defeating Republican Luther B. Way and Socialist Robert D. McElvary, winning 83.06% of the vote.
* 1918: Holland was re-elected unopposed.
# Homesickness (novel)

Homesickness (1980) is a novel by Australian writer Murray Bail. It was originally published by Macmillan in Australia in 1980.
It won both The Age Book of the Year Award and The Age Book of the Year Fiction Awards in 1980. It shared both awards with David Ireland's novel A Woman of the Future.

## Synopsis

The novel follows a group of thirteen Australian travelling together on a package tour that takes in Africa, England, Ecuador, New York and Moscow.

## Awards

* co-winner The Age Book of the Year Awards — Fiction 1980
* co-winner The Age Book of the Year 1980

## Critical reception

Suzanne Edgar, writing in The Canberra Times noted: "The group of Australians abroad, their attitudes and tastes are satirised and sent up from the superior viewpoint of the artist-observer: blind Kaddok is always taking photographs, while socially withdrawn Shiela sends hundreds of post-cards. Each tourist is tabbed by one or two stereotyped attributes that do no more than narrowly differentiate the one from the other...Bail disdains the dun-coloured realism of much Australian writing but his own prose, while certainly unrealistic, is not so psychedelic."
In a letter to the Swedish critic Ingmar Björkstén, Patrick White called Homesickness, "a most original & imaginative novel. We actually have some writers at last. Not much else can be said for Australia at the moment."

## Publication history

After its original publication in 1980 in Australia by publisher Macmillan, the novel was later published as follows:
* Penguin Books, Australia, 1981
* Faber and Faber, UK 1986
* Text Publishing, Australia, 1998 and 2012
* Farrar Straus & Giroux, USA, 1999
# Charles Hawley

Charles Hawley (June 15, 1792 – February 27, 1866) was an American politician, judge, and the 36th Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut from 1838 to 1842.

## Early life

Hawley was born in that part of Huntington, Connecticut, which now constitutes the town of Monroe. He graduated with honor at Yale College in 1813. He studied law, partly at Newtown with Hon. Asa Chapman, soon after a judge at the Supreme Court, and partly at Litchfield with Judge Gould. He was admitted to the bar in Fairfield County, Connecticut, in 1815 or early 1816, and opened an office in Stamford. After a brief time in East Haddam, he returned to Stamford and remained there for the rest of his life. In 1824, he was appointed Judge of Probate for the district of Stamford, a district which then embraced many towns, an office which he held until 1838.
In 1821, he married Mary Stiles Holly, with whom he had children, most of whom survived him. He was a firm believer in the Christian religion and a member of the Congregational Church in Stamford.

## Political career

Hawley repeatedly represented the town of Stamford in the Connecticut House of Representatives and was also a member of the Connecticut Senate representing the 12th District. As a Whig, he held the office of Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut for four periods, from May 2, 1838 until May 4, 1842, while William W. Ellsworth was Governor of the state.
He died in Stamford on February 27, 1866, aged 74.
# Samuel Dickson (American politician)

Samuel Dickson (March 29, 1807 – May 3, 1858) was a United States representative from New York.

## Biography

Samuel Dickson was born on March 29, 1807, in the portion of Bethlehem, New York, later incorporated as the town of New Scotland. He completed preparatory studies and graduated from Union College in 1825.
Dickson studied medicine, received a diploma from the Censors of the Medical Society of the State of New York in May 1829, and practiced in New Scotland.
Opposed to slavery and motivated to repeal the Kansas–Nebraska Act, Dickson was elected as an Opposition Party candidate to the Thirty-fourth Congress, holding office from March 4, 1855, to March 3, 1857. He did not seek reelection in 1856 and returned to his New Scotland medical practice.
Dickson died from the lingering effects of an accident. Near the end of his first session in Congress, Dickson stood up from the chair where he was sitting to consult a book. He did not notice that the chair overturned, and when he attempted to resume his seat, Dickson fell heavily onto the floor. The concussion to his spine resulted in gradual paralysis, and within a few months he lost the use of his lower limbs.
Dickson's health continued to decline as a result of the fall. He died in New Scotland on May 3, 1858. He was buried in New Scotland's Presbyterian Church Cemetery.
# George W. Cooper

George William Cooper (May 21, 1851 – November 27, 1899) was an American lawyer and politician who served three terms as a U.S. Representative from Indiana from 1889 to 1895.

## Background

Born near Columbus, Indiana, Cooper attended the country schools, and was graduated in the academic and law courses from the Indiana University at Bloomington in 1872.

## Career

He was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Columbus, Indiana.
He served as prosecuting attorney of Columbus in 1872.
He served as mayor of Columbus in 1877, and was the city attorney of Columbus from 1879 to 1883.

### Congress

Cooper was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-first, Fifty-second, and Fifty-third Congresses (March 4, 1889 – March 3, 1895). He served as chairman of the Committee on Irrigation of Arid Lands in the Fifty-third Congress.
He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1894 to the Fifty-fourth Congress.
He resumed the practice of law in Columbus, Indiana.

## Personal and death

He was the father of Kent Cooper of the Associated Press.
He died in Chicago, Illinois on November 27, 1899. He was interred in Garland Brook Cemetery, Columbus, Indiana.
# Linus B. Comins

Linus Bacon Comins (November 29, 1817 – October 14, 1892) was a Massachusetts politician who served as Mayor of Roxbury, Massachusetts and as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts from 1855 to 1859.

## Early life

Comins, the son of Mary (Bacon) Comins and Barnabus C. Comins, was born in Charlton, Massachusetts.
Comins attended the common schools at Brookfield, Massachusetts and was graduated from Worcester County Manual Training High School. He engaged in manufacturing in Roxbury, Massachusetts.

## Political career

Comins was a member of the Roxbury city council from 1846 to 1848 and served as its president in 1847 and 1848. He was the Mayor of Roxbury in 1854. He was elected as a candidate of the American Party to the Thirty-fourth Congress, March 4, 1855 - March 3, 1857, and as a Republican to the Thirty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1857 – March 3, 1859).

## Retirement

After leaving Congress, he resumed manufacturing pursuits. He was a delegate to the Republican National Convention, 1860.

## Death and burial

Comins died in Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, October 14, 1892, and was interred at Forest Hills Cemetery in Jamaica Plain.
# Roger Shattuck

Roger Whitney Shattuck (August 20, 1923 in Manhattan, New York – December 8, 2005 in Lincoln, Vermont) was an American writer best known for his books on French literature, art, and music of the twentieth century.

## Background and education

Born in New York City to parents Howard Francis Shattuck, a physician, and Elizabeth (Colt) Shattuck, he studied at St. Paul's School in Concord, New Hampshire before entering Yale College.

## Military service in Second World War

He left Yale to join the Army Air Corps, serving as a cargo pilot in the Pacific theater during the Second World War. He spoke little about his experience in the war, but tried writing about it his entire life. He tried capturing the moment he flew over Nagasaki with his copilot, seeing the aftermath and rubble on the ground. After the war, he returned to school, graduating from Yale in 1947. Shattuck then moved to Paris where he worked for UNESCO's film service. In this capacity he came into contact with luminaries of European culture such as Jean Cocteau, Alice B. Toklas and Georges Braque, and met his future wife Nora White, a dancer with the Ballets Russes.

## Academic career

Returned to New York, Shattuck worked in publishing, and later taught at Harvard University, the University of Texas at Austin, the University of Virginia, and Boston University, despite his lack of a graduate degree. He retired as a professor emeritus from Boston University in 1997.

### Organizations

Shattuck was among the founding members of the Association of Literary Scholars and Critics. He later served as president of the organization.

### Works

Shattuck's essays frequently appeared in The New York Review of Books and other publications. He was the author of several highly regarded works of literary criticism—Proust's Way, The Banquet Years: The Origins of the Avant-Garde in France - 1885 to World War I, Forbidden Knowledge: From Prometheus to Pornography—and served as editor of the restored edition of Helen Keller's memoir The Story of My Life.
In 1975, Shattuck received the National Book Award in category Arts and Letters for Marcel Proust (a split award).

### Academic philosophy

Routinely described as "one of America's leading literary scholars," Shattuck was considered something of a traditionalist. He became well known for his 1994 speech "Nineteen Theses on Literature," delivered to the Association of Literary Scholars and Critics. In it he argued (as point XIV), "Everything has been said. But nobody listens. Therefore it has to be said all over again—only better. In order to say it better, we have to know how it was said before."
Jacques Derrida's 'Declarations of Independence', an early turn to address questions in legal and political philosophy, was written at Shattuck's suggestion on the bicentenary. It was first given as a lecture at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville in 1976 (Derrida, Negotiations, 46).
Upon Shattuck's death, the Yale critic Harold Bloom said of his colleague, "He was an old-fashioned, in a good sense, man of letters. He incarnated his love for literature."
# Edward Younger, 3rd Viscount Younger of Leckie

Edward George Younger, 3rd Viscount Younger of Leckie (21 November 1906 – 25 June 1997) was a Scottish nobleman.

## Family background

Lord Younger of Leckie came from a Scottish family which had been making money from brewing since the 18th century, and which entered the aristocracy in the early years of the 20th century. His great-great-great-great-grandfather, George Younger (baptised 1722), was the founder of the family's brewing business, George Younger and Son. This George Younger's great-great-grandson, also named George Younger (1851-1929), entered politics, and was created Viscount Younger of Leckie in 1923. This peerage has passed in an unbroken line from father to son ever since.

## Birth and early life

Younger was the elder son of James Younger, 2nd Viscount Younger of Leckie (1880–1946) by his wife Maud Gilmour (daughter of Sir John Gilmour, 1st Baronet). He was educated at Winchester College and New College, Oxford.
His brother Sir Kenneth Younger was the Labour Member of Parliament for Grimsby 1945–1959.
# H. Kent Jones

H. Kent Jones (April 26, 1926 – December 17, 1995) was a North Dakota Republican Party politician who served as the North Dakota Commissioner of Agriculture from 1981 to 1988. He also served as a state legislator in the 42nd through the 46th legislative assemblies.

## Biography

Kent Jones was born in Webster Township in Ramsey County, North Dakota in 1926, and he graduated from Devils Lake High School. He obtained a degree in agriculture from North Dakota State University, and became a farmer. He served two terms in the North Dakota House of Representatives, and three in the North Dakota State Senate before being elected as the North Dakota Commissioner of Agriculture in 1980. He was re-elected in 1984, but did not win the Republican nomination to the position in 1988, so he ran as an independent but lost. He married Helen Johnson and they had four children; Jeff, Deborah, Becky, and Sarah. He married Kathleen Hagen in 1988. He died at the age of 69 in 1995.
# Guatemala at the Pan American Games

Guatemala at the Pan American Games.Guatemala has competed in all the Pan American Games except in 2023 during which they were suspended by the IOC due to their government interference in the working of the Guatemalan Olympic Committee.

## Pan American Games
### Medals by games

| Year | Host city | | | | Total |
| 1951 | Buenos Aires | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 1955 | Mexico City | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 1959 | Chicago | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 1963 | São Paulo | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 1967 | Winnipeg | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1971 | Cali | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 1975 | Mexico City | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 1979 | San Juan | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1983 | Caracas | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 1987 | Indianapolis | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 1991 | Havana | 0 | 1 | 4 | 5 |
| 1995 | Mar del Plata | 1 | 1 | 6 | 8 |
| 1999 | Winnipeg | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| 2003 | Santo Domingo | 0 | 3 | 9 | 12 |
| 2007 | Rio de Janeiro | 2 | 3 | 2 | 7 |
| 2011 | Guadalajara | 7 | 3 | 5 | 15 |
| 2015 | Toronto | 6 | 1 | 3 | 10 |
| 2019 | Lima | 2 | 9 | 8 | 19 |
| 2023 | Santiago | Suspended | Suspended | Suspended | Suspended |
| 2027 | Lima | Future event | Future event | Future event | Future event |
| Total | Total | 22 | 24 | 48 | 94 |

## Junior Pan American Games
### Medals by games

| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total | Rank |
| 2021 Cali-Valle | 1 | 5 | 10 | 16 | 18th |
| 2025 Asunción | Future event | Future event | Future event | Future event | Future event |
| Total | 1 | 5 | 10 | 16 | 18th |
# Grant M. Hudson

Grant Martin Hudson (July 23, 1868 – October 26, 1955) was a politician from the U.S. state of Michigan.
Hudson was born in Eaton Township, Lorain County, Ohio. He attended the common schools and graduated from Kalamazoo College, Kalamazoo, Michigan. He also attended the University of Chicago. He was a minister at Dowagiac, Michigan, 1894–1896, and engaged in mercantile pursuits in Schoolcraft, Michigan, in 1896. He was a member of the Michigan House of Representatives, 1905–1909, and was president of the village of Schoolcraft, 1909–1911. He was a member of the State industrial accident compensation commission in 1920 and 1921.
Hudson was elected as a Republican from Michigan's 6th congressional district to the 68th United States Congress and to the three succeeding Congresses, serving from March 4, 1923 to March 3, 1931). He served as chairman, Committee on Alcoholic Liquor Traffic in the 69th Congress. He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1930, losing to Seymour H. Person in the Republican primary election.
Hudson engaged in the insurance business in Lansing, Michigan. He was State purchasing agent in 1939 and State tax commissioner in 1940. Hudson died in Kalamazoo and was interred in Mount Hope Cemetery in Lansing.