OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Temporins

Temporins are a family of peptides isolated originally from the skin secretion of the European red frog, Rana temporaria. Peptides belonging to the temporin family have been isolated also from closely related North American frogs, such as Rana sphenocephala.

## Discovery

In 1996, the skin of the Rana temporaria was screened into a cDNA library, discovering three peptide precursors, known as Temporin B, Temporin G, and Temporin H. Once discovered, the three peptide, along with other temporins found in the sample, were separated from secretions of the frog's skin. Biological assays were performed, revealing that all temporins, in exception of temporin D and H, exhibited antibacterial activity. It was soon discovered that other species of frog also possess temporal, resulting in the discovery of more than 150 peptides from the temporin family. Some of the genera of frogs include the Amolops, Hylarana, Lithobathes, Odorrana, Pelophylax, Rana, and Hylarana.

## Clinical uses

Temporins are a family of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are highly targetable toward Gram-positive bacteria, allowing it to penetrate the cell wall and damage the inner membrane of the bacteria. These proteins are also capable of killing specific cancer cells when they are locally administered to a tumor, making it a good anticancer drug.
# Route nationale 11 (Madagascar)

Route nationale 11 (RN 11) is a secondary highway in Madagascar of 204 km, running from Mahanoro to Mananjary. It crosses the regions of Atsinanana and Vatovavy.

## Selected locations on route

(north to south)
* RN 11a from Mahanoro
* Nosy Varika - 204 km
* Tsiatosika - intersection with RN 24
* Betampona
* intersection with RN 25
* Mananjary
# PHP accelerator

A PHP accelerator is a PHP extension designed to improve the performance of software applications written in the PHP programming language.

## Operation

Most PHP accelerators work by caching the compiled opcode/bytecode of PHP representation of php files to avoid the overhead of parsing and compiling source code on each request (some or even most of which may never be executed). To further improve performance, the cached code is stored in shared memory and directly executed from there, minimizing the amount of slow disk reads and memory copying at runtime.

## Practical benefits

PHP accelerators substantially increase the speed of PHP applications. Improvements of web page generation throughput by factors of two to seven have been observed.
The effect on application performance of opcode caching varies widely, depending on factors such as the inherent execution time of the PHP application and the percentage of source code actually executed on a given request, and whether additional optimization steps are performed. While a code optimizer may even slow down overall performance when used in isolation, it can provide an additional performance boost when coupled with a bytecode cache, as the optimization effort is performed just once.
# Bình Châu - Phước Bửu nature reserve

The Bình Châu - Phước Bửu nature reserve (also called Phuoc Buu nature reserve) is a 11,293 ha nature reserve in Phước Bửu, Vietnam.

## Description

Established in 1978, it was recognized as a specially protected natural area by the Vietnam Prime Minister.
It is a tropical rainforest, more exactly a tropical evergreen broad-leaved semi-deciduous forest, and the only remaining natural deciduous dipterocarp forest.
The nature reserve is surrounded by the Bình Châu and Phước Bửu towns on its North side, as well as by the Hồ Tràm and Hồ Cốc beach resorts on its South side. It contains the Núi Hồ Linh [ceb] hill, 136 meters high.
It hosts at least 7 endangered species (red book of IUCN 2020). According to 2020 research, many rare and endangered species are threatened due to habitat change, and the number of individuals has decreased.
# Marvin Barkis

Marvin Barkis (January 22, 1943 – July 19, 2024) was an American politician who served in the Kansas House of Representatives from the 6th district from 1979 to 1993. He served as Speaker of the Kansas House of Representatives from 1991 to 1993.
Marvin was very proud of having grown up on a farm in Kansas and having participated in the usual activities of a farm kid, like showing his 4-H calf at the Miami County Fair and running a haying crew to make extra money in summers. But when it came to choosing a livelihood, he realized that farmers work cold in the winter and hot in the summer, so he decided to study law. He attended Ottawa University (KS) and went on to Stanford Law School, graduating in 1968.
That same year he renewed a friendship with a college friend named Kay Jones; he renewed it so well he married her. The couple lived and worked for two years in the inner-city of Kansas City, MO. He was a Legal Aid Attorney and she taught school. It was the late ‘60s and the Civil Rights movement was in full force. Young people were still following JKF’s advice to ask “what they could do for their country.”
Marvin had always been a voracious and eclectic reader with a curious intellect, but there is some knowledge you can’t get from a book, it must be experienced. He wanted to see the world in an adventurous way, so he and Kay sold their belongings and took off, backpack-style, learning the world from Europe to Africa to Asia. His gift-of-gab and his ‘never meeting a stranger’ resulted in the best education EVER. At 6’4” and a broad-shouldered 230 lbs. yet always wearing a welcoming smile, he was something of a gentle giant who could find common ground, no matter the obstacles.
Returning home to their midwest roots, they settled in Paola, Miami County, where they resumed their professions and began their TRUE adventure of a lifetime–parenthood. Through the next decade the family grew to include Anne, Will, and John. In later life, Marvin was fond of saying, “I’ve done lots of exciting things in my life: I’ve flown planes, climbed mountains, traveled the world, but the biggest adventure–is raising children.”
That sense of the importance of how we care for our children became the driver of his efforts when he became a State Representative in Topeka. He was elected in 1978 and served through the ‘90s, being elected House Minority Leader within three terms. In 1990 when Democrats won the majority in the House, he served a term as Speaker of the House. Having only a one-vote majority over Republicans, even the pundits were impressed at how much was accomplished, particularly concerning children’s issues and school finance. Next to the birth of his children, it was probably his greatest source of pride.
Marvin died in Paola, Kansas on July 19, 2024, at the age of 81.
# Jorge Enrique Jiménez Carvajal

Jorge Enrique Jiménez Carvajal C.J.M. (born 29 March 1942) is a Colombian prelate of the Catholic Church who was archbishop of Cartagena in from 2008 to 2021. He was bishop of Zipaquirá from 1992 to 1994 and archbishop coadjutor of Cartagena from 2004 to 2005.
Pope Francis made Jiménez a cardinal on 27 August 2022.

## Biography

Jorge Enrique Jiménez Carvajal was born on 29 March 1942 in Bucaramanga, Colombia. He began his preparation for the priesthood at the minor seminary in Floridablanca. He studied philosophy at the Pontifical Xavierian University in Bogotá and theology at the Major Seminary of the Congregation of Jesus and Mary (Eudists) in Bogotá. On 17 May 1964, he took his solemn vows as a member of the Congregation. He was ordained a priest in Bucaramanga on 17 June 1967 by Bishop Héctor Rueda Hernández.
He obtained a licentiate in philosophy from the Pontifical Xavierian University. He was a professor at the Major Seminary of Santa Rosa de Osos, formator of the Eudist Seminary of Valmaría in Bogotá, head of the charitable section of the Eudist Community of "Elmin de Dios" in Bogotá, director of studies at the Institute Theological-Pastoral of CELAM in Medellín, provincial superior of his Congregation in Colombia and, from 1989 to 1991, secretary of the Latin American Confederation of Religious.
On 9 November 1992, Pope John Paul II appointed him bishop of Zipaquirá. He received his episcopal consecration on 12 December from Cardinal Mario Revollo Bravo.
From 1995 to 1999 he was secretary general of CELAM and from 1999 to 2003 he was its president. Jiménez was named a member of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Health Care Workers and on 15 May 2001 of the Pontifical Commission for Latin America.
In 2001, he was named by Pope John Paul to participate in the tenth ordinary assembly of the Synod of Bishops, and again in 2009 for the special synod on Africa. On 13 December 2001, as head of CELAM, he participated in a meeting convened by Pope John Paul to discuss the problem of pastoral care in the Holy Land.
In November 2002, Jiménez along with a priest was kidnapped by anti-government rebels while traveling north of Bogotá. They were rescued after four days by a special unit of the Colombian army.
On 6 February 2004, he was named coadjutor archbishop of Cartagena, where he succeeded as archbishop when Pope Benedict XVI accepted the resignation of Archbishop Carlos José Ruiseco Vieira on 24 October 2005. He was installed in Cartagena on 4 November.
Pope Francis accepted his resignation on 25 March 2021.
On 29 May 2022, Pope Francis announced he would make Jiménez a cardinal. He had a private audience with the pope on 20 August. On 27 August 2022, Pope Francis made him a cardinal priest, assigning him the title of Santa Dorotea.
# Abraham Shepherd

Abraham Shepherd (1776–1847) was a politician from Ohio, United States who was a leader of both houses of the Ohio General Assembly early in the 19th century.

## Early life

Abraham Shepherd was born August 13, 1776, in Shepherdstown, Virginia, (now West Virginia). He was among the seven children of John Shepherd and Martha Nelson Shepherd. John Shepherd joined the 4th Virginia Infantry during the American Revolutionary War, and also operated a mill, teaching the business to his son. In 1787, the family moved to Wheeling Creek, and to Limestone, Kentucky, in 1793. They stayed two years before locating in Red Oak, then in Adams County in the Northwest Territory.
In 1799, Abraham Shepherd married Margaret Moore, lived at Red Oak a short time before building a brick house and mill, later known as Pilson's Mill, on Eagle Creek. He also laid out and dedicated a cemetery, known as Baird's Cemetery.

## Political

In October, 1803, Shepherd was elected one of three Adams County representatives in the Ohio House of Representatives, and was seated December 5, 1803. He was re-elected in 1804, 1805, and 1806, serving as Speaker during the 1806-07 session. In 1809, Shepherd was again elected to the Ohio House, and he was re-elected in 1810.
During the War of 1812, Shepherd served as captain of a company in the Ohio Militia during 1812 and 1813.
Shepherd returned to the legislature in 1815, being elected to the Ohio State Senate for a two-year term. He served as Speaker of the Senate during the 1816-'7 session. He was elected to another two-year term in 1817, and again was elected Speaker during the 1817-'8 session. In December 1817, he secured the passage of the act creating Brown County, Ohio, from Adams and Clermont, and was then a resident of the new county. He was also a Presidential elector for James Monroe in 1816.
In 1818, the first court was held in Brown County at Ripley, with Joshua Collett presiding. Shepherd was appointed clerk-of-courts for a seven-year term.
Shepherd returned to the Senate in 1825, representing Adams and Brown counties, and during the 1826-'7 session was again Speaker of the Senate. In 1825, the state moved to an Ad valorem tax system, and the State Board of Equalization was created. Shepherd represented the 5th congressional district on the board.

## Personal

Shepherd operated Pilson's Mill on Eagle Creek, now in Jefferson Township, Brown County, Ohio, until 1817, when he moved to Ripley, Ohio. He built a mill, operated by steam as early as 1825, at Red Oak, and was also a pork-packer. He was master of a masonic lodge at Ripley in 1818, and was an elder of the Presbyterian Church, and delegate at the Chillicothe Presbytery in 1823, 1830 and 1832.
Shepherd's first wife died in 1818, after having ten children. He married Harriet Kincade on October 19, 1819, and had two more children. In 1834, he had financial reverses, and moved to Putnam County, Illinois, where he died January 16, 1847.
While a Democratic-Republican and later Democrat, Shepherd abandoned the party later on because of slavery, and became an abolitionist.
# Gymnastics at the 1993 Summer Universiade

The gymnastics competition in the 1993 Summer Universiade were held in Buffalo, New York, United States.

## Artistic gymnastics
### Men's events

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Individual all-around | Vitaly Scherbo Belarus | Jury Chechi Italy | Ihor Korobchynskyi Ukraine |
| Team all-around | Italy (ITA) | China (CHN) | United States (USA) |
| Rings | Jury Chechi Italy | Scott Keswick United States | Ruggero Rossato Italy Dmitri Trush Russia |
| Bar | Chen Jian China | Scott Keswick United States | Vitaly Scherbo Belarus |
| Parallel bar | Wang Xun China | Vitaly Scherbo Belarus | Jair Lynch United States |
| Vault | Vitaly Scherbo Belarus | Yeo Hong-chul South Korea | Chang Feng-chih Chinese Taipei |
| Floor | Ihor Korobchynskyi Ukraine | Daisuke Nishikawa Japan | Yury Gotov Russia |
| Pommel horse | Éric Poujade France | Fan Bin China | Chang Feng-chih Chinese Taipei |

### Women's events

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Individual all-around | Tatiana Lysenko Ukraine | Ludmila Stovbchataya Ukraine | Bénédicte Evrard Belgium |
| Team all-around | Ukraine (UKR) | United States (USA) | Japan (JPN) |
| Uneven bars | Natalia Kalinina Ukraine | Seo Kyoko Japan | Ludmila Stovbchataya Ukraine |
| Vault | Natalia Kalinina Ukraine | Luísa Parente Brazil | Hope Sheeley United States |
| Floor | Bénédicte Evrard Belgium | Tammy Marhall United States | Ludmila Stovbchataya Ukraine |
| Balance beam | Tatiana Lysenko Ukraine | Ludmila Stovbchataya Ukraine | Han Na-jung South Korea |

### Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Ukraine (UKR) | 6 | 2 | 3 | 11 |
| 2 | China (CHN) | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 |
| 3 | Belarus (BLR) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| 3 | Italy (ITA) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| 5 | Belgium (BEL) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 6 | France (FRA) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 7 | United States (USA) | 0 | 4 | 3 | 7 |
| 8 | Japan (JPN) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| 9 | South Korea (KOR) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 10 | Brazil (BRA) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 11 | Chinese Taipei (TPE) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 11 | Russia (RUS) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Totals (12 entries) | Totals (12 entries) | 14 | 14 | 15 | 43 |

## External sources

* Gymnastics results of the 1993 Summer Universiade
# Triose

A triose is a monosaccharide, or simple sugar, containing three carbon atoms. There are only three possible trioses: the two enantiomers of glyceraldehyde, which are aldoses; and dihydroxyacetone, a ketose which is symmetrical and therefore has no enantiomers.
Trioses are important in cellular respiration. During glycolysis, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is broken down into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Lactic acid and pyruvic acid are later derived from these molecules.
Importance of Triose in the Body
* Trioses contribute to the synthesis of essential biomolecules including lipids, amino acids, nucleotides, and carbohydrates.
* Trioses are small carbon molecules and can therefore be easily modified into various molecules.
# Rayen District

Rayen District (Persian: بخش راین) is in Kerman County, Kerman province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Rayen.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the district's population was 13,903 in 3,513 households. The following census in 2011 counted 18,050 people in 4,861 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the district as 15,672 inhabitants in 4,723 households.

### Administrative divisions

Rayen District Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
| Hoseynabad-e Goruh RD | 2,085 | 3,274 | 2,588 |
| Rayen RD | 2,195 | 3,770 | 2,798 |
| Rayen (city) | 9,623 | 11,006 | 10,286 |
| Total | 13,903 | 18,050 | 15,672 |
| RD = Rural District ||||
# Marriott Brosius

Marriott Henry Brosius (March 7, 1843 – March 16, 1901) was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.

## Education and military service

Marriott Brosius was born in Colerain Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, where he attended Thomas Baker's Academy. During the American Civil War, he enlisted as a private in Company K, Ninety-seventh Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, in October 1861, for three years, and reenlisted May 1864. He was honorably discharged in December 1864. On February 28, 1865, was commissioned a second lieutenant for bravery on the field of battle. After the war he attended the State Normal School at Millersville, Pennsylvania, and the law department of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor. He was admitted to the bar in 1868 and commenced practice in Lancaster, Pennsylvania.

## House of Representatives

Brosius was elected as a Republican to the 51st and to the six succeeding Congresses. He was chairman of the United States House Committee on Reform in the Civil Service during the 54th and 55th Congresses, and of the United States House Committee on Banking and Currency during the 56th Congress. He served until his death in Lancaster in 1901, aged 58. He is buried in Greenwood Cemetery.
# Jim Kekeris

James J. Kekeris (October 17, 1923 – September 15, 1997) was an American professional football player who was a tackle in the National Football League (NFL).

## Biography

Kekeris was born on October 17, 1923, in St. Louis, Missouri.

## Career

Kekeris was selected in the third round of the 1947 NFL draft by the Detroit Lions and would play that season with the Philadelphia Eagles. The following season, he played with the Green Bay Packers.
He played at the collegiate level at the University of Missouri and is an inductee in the university's Intercollegiate Athletics Hall of Fame.
# William Talbert Morris

William Talbert Morris (March 10, 1924–September 25, 1993) was a Republican member of the Kansas state legislature. He was originally elected to the Kansas House of Representatives in 1972, and served two terms there before running successfully for the Kansas State Senate in 1976. He spent 16 years in the Senate, and was succeeded by Michael Terry Harris.
# Dwight Campbell

Dwight Ezra Campbell (November 5, 1887 – June 15, 1964) was a justice of the South Dakota Supreme Court from 1925 to 1937.
Dwight Campbell was born in Orange City, Iowa on November 5, 1887. He was the child of Frank Ezra and Cornelia A. (Bell) Campbell. He graduated from Grinnell College in 1909, and received his law degree from Harvard University in 1912.
In 1912, Campbell married Adelaide Pauline Caywood of Des Moines, Iowa. He had one son, Dwight Ezra Campbell Jr.
Campbell began practicing as an attorney in Aberdeen, South Dakota in 1912, serving as city attorney from 1921 to 1923, and in the South Dakota State Senate for Brown County, South Dakota in 1923 as a Republican. In March 1925, Governor Carl Gunderson appointed Campbell to a seat on the state supreme court vacated by the retirement of ailing justice Frank Anderson; Campbell assumed office on April 1, 1925.
During his life, Campbell was a member of the American Bar Association, the Aberdeen Commercial and Country Clubs, the Pierre Kiwanis and Country Clubs, and the Alpha Sigma Phi and Phi Delta Phi fraternities. He was also a 32nd Degree Scottish Rite Mason and an Elk.
Campbell died at his home in Aberdeen, South Dakota, at the age of 76.
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Pereira

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Pereira (Latin: Diocesis Pereiranus) is a diocese located in the city of Pereira in the ecclesiastical province of Manizales in Colombia.

## History

* 17 December 1952: Established as Diocese of Pereira from the Diocese of Manizales and Apostolic Prefecture of Chocó

## Bishops
### Ordinaries

* Baltasar Alvarez Restrepo (1952.12.18 – 1976.07.01)
* Darío Castrillón Hoyos (1976.07.01 – 1992.12.16) Appointed, Archbishop of Bucaramanga; future Cardinal
* Fabio Suescún Mutis (1993.11.20 – 2001.01.19) Appointed, Bishop of Colombia, Military
* Tulio Duque Gutiérrez, S.D.S. (2001.07.25 – 2011.07.15)
* Rigoberto Corredor Bermúdez (2011.07.15 – present)

### Coadjutor bishop

* Darío Castrillón Hoyos (1971-1976); future Cardinal

### Auxiliary bishops

* Rigoberto Corredor Bermúdez (1988-1996), appointed Bishop of Buenaventura (later returned here as Bishop)
* Hernán Giraldo Jaramillo (1984-1987), appointed Bishop of Málaga-Soatá
* Luis Albeiro Cortés Rendón (2015-2022)

### Other priests of this diocese who became bishops

* Julio Hernando García Peláez, appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Cali in 2005
* Rubén Darío Jaramillo Montoya, appointed Bishop of Buenaventura in 2017
# Arrondissement of L'Haÿ-les-Roses

The arrondissement of L'Haÿ-les-Roses (French:) is an arrondissement of France in the Val-de-Marne department in the Île-de-France region. It has 18 communes. Its population is 578,438 (2021), and its area is 88.9 km$^2$ (34.3 sq mi).

## Composition

The communes of the arrondissement of L'Haÿ-les-Roses, and their INSEE codes, are:
* Ablon-sur-Seine (94001)
* Arcueil (94003)
* Cachan (94016)
* Chevilly-Larue (94021)
* Choisy-le-Roi (94022)
* Fresnes (94034)
* Gentilly (94037)
* L'Haÿ-les-Roses (94038)
* Ivry-sur-Seine (94041)
* Le Kremlin-Bicêtre (94043)
* Orly (94054)
* Rungis (94065)
* Thiais (94073)
* Valenton (94074)
* Villejuif (94076)
* Villeneuve-le-Roi (94077)
* Villeneuve-Saint-Georges (94078)
* Vitry-sur-Seine (94081)

## History

The arrondissement of L'Haÿ-les-Roses was created in January 1973. On 25 February 2017, it gained 8 communes from the arrondissement of Créteil.
As a result of the reorganisation of the cantons of France which came into effect in 2015, the borders of the cantons are no longer related to the borders of the arrondissements. The cantons of the arrondissement of Créteil were, as of January 2015:
* Arcueil
* Cachan
* Chevilly-Larue
* Fresnes
* L'Haÿ-les-Roses
* Le Kremlin-Bicêtre
* Thiais
* Villejuif-Est
* Villejuif-Ouest

## Sub-prefects

* Pierre-Henry Maccioni : on 9 March 1990
* Hugues Bousiges : 1996-1998
# Route nationale 41 (Madagascar)

Route nationale 41 (RN 41) is a secondary highway in Madagascar of 41 km, running from Fandriana to the intersection with RN 7. It crosses the region of Amoron'i Mania.

## Selected locations on route

(north to south)
* Fandriana - 41 km
* Sandrandahy
* near Ambositra - (intersection with RN 7 at Ikelikapona)
# Daniel D. Burnes

Daniel Dee Burnes (January 4, 1851 – November 2, 1899) was a U.S. Representative from Missouri.
Born in Ringgold, Missouri, Burnes received his early schooling in Weston, Missouri. He graduated from St. Louis University, in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1873 and from the law department of Harvard University in 1874. Later, he moved to Germany and studied at Heidelberg University. He returned to the United States and settled in St. Joseph, Missouri, where he engaged in the practice of law.
Burnes was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-third Congress (March 4, 1893 – March 3, 1895). He declined to be a candidate for reelection in 1894, and resumed the practice of law. He died on his estate, "Ayr Lawn," at St. Joseph, Buchanan County, Missouri, November 2, 1899. He was interred in Mount Mora Cemetery.
# Takir (soil)

Takir (takyr) (originally from Kazakh or another Turkic language) meaning "smooth, even, or bare", is a type of relief occurring in the deserts of Central Asia, similar to a salt flat in the southwestern United States. A takyr is usually formed in a shallow depressed area with a heavy clay soil, which is submerged by water after seasonal rains. After the water evaporates, a dried crust with fissures forms on the surface. The crust is often colonized by filamentous cyanobacteria.
In the southwestern U.S. "takyrs" are known as "playas" or "salt flats", in Arab countries as "sabkha".