OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Al-Ittihad (Israeli newspaper)

Al-Ittihad (Arabic: الاتحاد, lit. 'The Union') is an Arabic language daily newspaper in Israel. Based in Haifa, it was established in 1944 and is owned by the communist Maki party. It is the oldest Arabic media outlet in Israel and considered the most important. The newspaper is currently edited by Aida Touma-Suleiman.

## History

The paper was established in 1944 by Emile Toma, Fu'ad Nassar and Emile Habibi. Its first edition was published on 14 May that year. Habibi edited the paper until 1989. The newspaper functioned as an organ for the National Liberation League in Palestine. From September 1945 onwards it was published in the name of the Arab Workers' Congress. The newspaper was shut down by the British authorities in February 1948, reappearing on 18 October. In July members of the NLL in Haifa contacted the Mapam party, asking them to pressure Israeli authorities to give a license to resume publishing the newspaper. Al-Ittihad was the only pre-state Arabic-language paper to continue publication after independence. In 1948 it moved into a new building on Al-Hariri Road. In the years after independence when Israeli Arabs were subject to military government, the paper was banned in some areas. It was later banned in the West Bank.
In 1953 Al-Ittihad and its Hebrew sister newspaper, Kol HaAm, published a controversial article on the Korean War, which resulted in the Minister of Internal Affairs, Israel Rokach, ordering both papers to close for 15 days. The papers filed a petition to the Supreme Court, which ruled that the suspension had been wrongly issued and should be set aside. The ruling utilised the Declaration of Independence in making its judgment on the issue of free speech, the first time the declaration had been used as an instrument for interpretation.
While other communist newspapers lost much of their readership after the 1956 war, Al-Ittihad was able to recover, regaining its pre-war readership level by 1961. In 1961, the readership of its Friday edition was twice as large as the readership of Kol HaAm, in spite of the fact that Arabs made up only 11.3% of the country's population, and literacy levels were generally lower in the Arab community. The paper's readership continued to grow gradually for some time. Initially a weekly paper, it was later published biweekly, finally becoming a daily newspaper in 1983.
In 1988 the government again ordered it closed for a week, six days before Land Day.
Due to financial problems and the loss of senior reporters, the newspaper had moved to Hadash party headquarters in Nazareth, and then returned to Haifa to a building on HaMaronitim Road. In 2006 staff were preparing to return to its Al-Hariri Road location, but the building was hit by a rocket during the 2006 Lebanon War and badly damaged.

## Staff
### Editors

* Ahmad Sa'd
* Aida Touma-Suleiman

### Writers

* Mahmoud Darwish
* Salim Joubran
* Samih al-Qasim
* Tawfik Toubi
* Tawfiq Ziad
* Jabra Nicola
# José María Hurtado Ruiz-Tagle

José María Hurtado Ruiz-Tagle (5 March 1945 – 24 September 2018) was a Chilean politician; member of the National Renewal (RN) party, Hurtado Ruiz-Tagle was a member of the Chamber of Deputies of Chile between 1990 and 1998.

## Biography

José María Hurtado Ruiz-Tagle was born on March 5, 1945, in Santiago de Chile, Santiago Metropolitan Region, Chile. He completed his secondary studies at Colegio San Ignacio, and he later graduated as Performance Engineer in Fisheries from the School of Fisheries & Food of the Catholic University of Valparaíso (PUCV).
In 1986, he was appointed mayor of Palmilla, which is according to the Library of the National Congress of Chile, the commune where he resides. He left the office in 1989 to become a candidate for deputy in the forthcoming elections, representing the National Renewal party; he was eventually elected for the District #32 of Santa Cruz and Pichilemu, for a term which lasted between 1990 and 1994. He was re-elected for another term, between 1994 and 1998.
Hurtado Ruiz-Tagle is a member of Sociedad Agrícola Los Maquis Ltda., member of the Rodeo Club of Santa Cruz (also being president of the organization), and executive of PRODUCAM Ltda. He also was vice president of the National Federation of Chilean Rodeo.
# Michael McKenna (bishop)

Michael Joseph McKenna (8 December 1951 in Bairnsdale, Victoria), an Australian suffragan bishop, is the eighth Roman Catholic Bishop of the Diocese of Bathurst, appointed in 2009.

## Early years and background

The eldest of the eleven children born to Maxwell and Marie (née Warburton) McKenna, Michael McKenna was educated at St Patrick's School, Stratford, and at St Patrick's College, Sale. From 1971–74, he studied in the Honours Schools of Political Science and English Literature at The University of Melbourne. With an early interest in audio and video technology, McKenna worked as a producer and presenter on 3RRR-FM and showed works at the Melbourne Fringe and St Kilda Film Festivals. He commenced studying for the priesthood at St Paul's National Seminary, Sydney, and in 1983 was ordained priest by Bishop D'Arcy; graduating in theology from the Sydney College of Divinity in 1984.
Returning to Victoria, McKenna was appointed an Assistant Priest in the parish of St Joseph's, Warragul in the Diocese of Sale before moving to an administrative role as Bishop's Secretary, Diocesan Secretary and Chancellor where he was a regular columnist in the diocesan monthly newspaper, Catholic Life. While undertaking postgraduate studies from the Gregorian University in Rome, in 1991 McKenna was elected as General Secretary of the Australian Catholic Bishops' Conference, based in Canberra. During 1998 he was Administrator of Lumen Christi Parish, Churchill before taking up a Resident Fellowship in the Divinity School of Harvard University.
Serving as rector of Corpus Christi College from 1999 until 2005, McKenna established strong links between the Seminary and the Catholic Church in Vietnam. He was a member of the Senate of Catholic Theological College and of the Melbourne College of Divinity, where he served as chair of the Board of Ministry Studies.
In 2006, McKenna was appointed as Catholic Chaplain to the University of Melbourne, where it is reported he reintroduced the celebration of Mass on campus and started new groups in social service, biblical study, Christian meditation and philosophy and faith. In 2007, he took on the pastoral care of All Saints Parish, Fitzroy, an inner city community of many cultures, most notably Vietnamese and Sudanese. That year, he was elected to the Archbishop's Council of Priests and appointed to the Melbourne Catholic-Evangelical-Pentecostal Dialogue.

## Roman Catholic Bishop of Bathurst

On 15 April 2009 McKenna was appointed as Bishop of the Diocese of Bathurst and was consecrated on 26 June 2009 by George Cardinal Pell, together with Bishops Emeritus Patrick Dougherty and Jeremiah Coffey, Bishop of Sale. It was the first time since the consecration of Bishop O'Farrell in 1920 that a bishop had been consecrated in Bathurst, though he was not consecrated in the Cathedral of St Michael and St John, but at St Stanislaus' College.
# Palisades (California Sierra)

The Palisades (or the Palisade Group) are a group of peaks in the central part of the Sierra Nevada in the U.S. state of California. They are located about 12 miles (19 km) southwest of the town of Big Pine, California. The peaks in the group are particularly steep, rugged peaks and "contain the finest alpine climbing in California." The group makes up about 6 miles (10 km) of the Sierra Crest, which divides the Central Valley watershed from the Owens Valley, and which runs generally northwest to southeast.

## Situation

Josiah Whitney in his book Geology, Volume 1 writes:
   "At the head of the north fork, along the main crest of the Sierra, is a range of peaks, from 13,500 to 14,000 feet high, which we called 'the Palisades.' These were unlike the rest of the crest in outline and color, and were doubtless volcanic; they were very grand and fantastic in shape."
Although referred to by early geologists as "volcanic", the Palisades are a dark granitic rock. On the northeast side of the group lie the Palisade Glacier and the Middle Palisade Glacier, the largest glaciers in the Sierra Nevada. These glaciers feed Big Pine Creek.
Notable peaks of the group include four independent fourteeners:
* North Palisade, 14,248 ft (4,343 m)
* Mount Sill, 14,159 ft (4,316 m)
* Split Mountain, 14,064 ft (4,287 m)
* Middle Palisade, 14,018 ft (4,273 m)
and the following mountains in addition:
* Mount Agassiz, 13,899 ft (4,236 m), the northwesternmost peak of the group before Bishop Pass.
* Birch Mountain, 13,608 ft (4,148 m), which juts out further towards the Owens Valley than the rest of the group.
* Norman Clyde Peak, 13,861 ft (4,225 m)
* Palisade Crest, 13,559 ft (4,133 m)
* Mount Gayley, 13,510 ft (4,118 m)
* Temple Crag, 12,982 ft (3,957 m), known for its many rock climbing routes.
* Mount Winchell, 13,781 ft (4,200 m)
* The Thumb, 13,356 ft (4,071 m), also known as "East Palisade."
North Palisade has some additional subpeaks over 14,000 feet (4,267 m); see the North Palisade article for those summits.
* The Palisades' north faces, from Cloudripper, July 2007
* North Palisade and Thunderbolt Peak, from the Palisade Glacier
# Quiñ

Bianca Leonor Quiñones, known professionally as Quiñ, is an American singer, songwriter, and record producer from Los Angeles. She is signed to Interscope Records and Fantasy Soul.

## Early life and education

Quiñ's passion for music and performing began as a child as she grew up around her musician father play the conga drums and trumpet, her mother was a dancer and school teacher, and she sang in her church and high school choirs. According to her mother, she wrote her first song at a young age after the birth of her sister, Bailey Rose. She was born to a Puerto Rican father and Mexican mother.
She attended school in Pasadena, California. After graduating from Pasadena High School, she moved on to college at Cal State Northridge. After a year and a half of studying Psychology, Quiñ moved to West Oakland and began focusing on music full time at age 19.

## Career

Quiñ dropped her debut EP Galactica in October 2016, which includes a feature from G-Eazy on the song “Over Again.” She describes the EP as “the first chapter to my Fantasy Soul Universe.” Her song “Lightspeed” was involved in the Visions of Harmony project with Apple Music and NASA, which aimed to educate the public on the Juno spacecraft by combining science and art.
A year later, in September 2017, Quiñ released her Dreamgirl EP, which she called a sequel of her album Galactica. The EP featured collaborations with Syd on the song “Sticky Situation," and Buddy on the song “Happened to Happen.” A music video for “Sticky Situation” was released in August 2017.
She describes her sound as "fantasy soul" and music that "has the power of versatility". In 2017, Quiñ introduced her label, Fantasy Soul, named after the genre she coined.
In August 2018, she released “Remind Me” as a single, described by The Fader as “daydream-inducing antidote for all life's worries.” Later that year, she collaborated with Vans for a campaign highlighting the importance of creativity and personal style.
In June 2019, she signed to Interscope Records. She released her fourth EP Lucid in November, which featured 6lack.
Quiñ has opened for Erykah Badu, Gnash, JMSN, and performed at The Fader Fort at SXSW, Afropunk Festival and Galore’s Girl Cult Festival.
On April 20, 2020, musician Lisa released a choreography video to Quin's "Mushroom Chocolate".
She was featured on the Khalid song "Brand New" from his Scenic Drive mixtape which released in December 2021.

## Discography
### Albums

* Galactica (2016)

### Extented plays

* Dreamgirl (2017)
* Lucid (2019)
# UCSF School of Nursing

The UCSF School of Nursing is the nursing school of University of California, San Francisco, and is located in San Francisco, California. It consistently ranks among the top nursing schools in the United States by NIH funding. It is recognized as one of the premier graduate nursing schools in the United States.

## History

Following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, more than 40,000 people were relocated to a makeshift tent city in Golden Gate Park and were treated by the faculty of the Affiliated Colleges (now called UCSF). This brought the school, which until then was located on the western outskirts of the city, in contact with significant swathes of the population and fueled the commitment of the school towards civic responsibility and health care, increasing the momentum towards the construction of health facilities. In April 1907 one of the buildings was renovated for outpatient care with 75 beds. This created the need to train nursing students, and in 1907, the UC Training School for Nurses was established as the fourth Affiliated College of the University of California Medical Department, joining the Colleges of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmacy.
# 1727 in Norway

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events in the year 1727 in Norway.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Frederick IV.

## Births

* 22 February – Christen Schmidt, bishop (died 1804).
* 19 July – Ditlevine Feddersen, culture personality (died 1803).
* Eistein Kjørn, woodcarver (died 1805).

## Deaths

* 9 April – Thomas von Westen, priest and missionary (born 1682).
* 29 May – James Collett, timber trader (born 1655).
# Joseph M. Gaydos

Joseph Matthew Gaydos (July 3, 1926 – February 7, 2015) was an American lawyer, World War II veteran, and Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania, serving 8 terms from 1968 to 1992. Gaydos was the first Slovak American to serve in the United States Congress.

## Early life and education

Gaydos was born in Braddock, Pennsylvania. His parents were called John and Elona Magella Gaydos and were born in Slovakia.
He attended Duquesne University and graduated from the University of Notre Dame Law School in 1951.

### World War II

He served during World War II in the Pacific theater with the United States Navy Reserve from 1944 to 1946.

## Political career

He served in the Pennsylvania State Senate from 1967 to 1968. He served as Deputy Attorney General of Pennsylvania, Assistant Solicitor of Allegheny County, and general counsel to United Mine Workers of America, district five.

### Congress

He was elected simultaneously as a Democrat to the 90th and to the 91st Congress, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of United States Representative Elmer Holland.
He prioritized workers’ rights and preservation of the domestic steel industry while in Congress. He was a strong supporter of organized labor and was a leading proponent of strengthening labor laws to provide health and pension benefits, as well as job safety protections, for employees.
He was not a candidate for renomination in 1992.

### Death

He died on February 7, 2015, aged 88.
# 1965 United Arab Republic presidential confirmation referendum

Presidential elections were held in the United Arab Republic (now Egypt) on 15 March 1965. The election took the form of a referendum on the candidacy of Gamal Abdel Nasser, who ran unopposed. He allegedly won with almost seven million votes, and only 65 against. Voter turnout was stated to be 99%.

## Results

| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
| | Gamal Abdel Nasser | Arab Socialist Union | 6,950,098 | 100.00 |
| Against | Against | Against | 65 | 0.00 |
| Total | Total | Total | 6,950,163 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 6,950,163 | 99.99 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 489 | 0.01 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 6,950,652 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 7,055,564 | 98.51 |
| Source: Nohlen et al. |||||
# 1698 in Norway

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events in the year 1698 in Norway.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Christian V .

## Arts and literature

* The construction of Mangelsgården is finished.

## Births

* Ulrik Fredrik de Cicignon, military officer (d.1772)
# Colin Donald

Major-General Colin George Donald, CB, CBE (18 September 1854 – 31 October 1939) was a British Army officer who served as colonel of the Royal Fusiliers from 1922 to 1924.

## Military career

Educated at Cheltenham College, Donald was commissioned a lieutenant in the Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment) on 21 September 1874. He served in the Second Anglo-Afghan War, was promoted to captain on 30 May 1883 and to major on 3 September 1890. He was promoted to lieutenant-colonel and became commanding officer of the 2nd Battalion Royal Fusiliers on 3 September 1898. The battalion served in the Second Boer War, and was present at the Battle of Colenso in December 1899 and the relief of Ladysmith in February 1900 as well as operations in Western Transvaal. Having completed his period in command of the battalion, he was placed on half-pay with promotion to the brevet rank of colonel on 3 September 1902, and left South Africa on the SS Scot the following day, returning to the United Kingdom later the same month. For his service in the war, Donald was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in the April 1901 South Africa Honours list (the award was dated to 29 November 1900), and he received the actual decoration after his return, from King Edward VII at Buckingham Palace on 24 October 1902.
After his return Donald became General Officer Commanding the Hounslow Regimental District from late November 1902. He became General Officer Commanding Home Counties Division in 1908 and General Officer Commanding Wessex Division in 1911. He served in the First World War as Inspector of Territorials in India from 1914 and then as General Officer Commanding Western Reserve Centre from 1915. He also served as colonel of the Royal Fusiliers.
# Silva SD

Silva Sociedad Deportiva is a Spanish football team based in A Coruña, in the autonomous community of Galicia. Founded on 6 June 1940 it currently plays in Tercera Federación – Group 1, holding home games at Campo de Fútbol Grela, which has a capacity of 1,000 spectators.

## Season to season

| Season | Tier | Division | Place |
| 1993–94 | 8 | 3ª Reg. | 5th |
| 1994–95 | 8 | 3ª Reg. | 2nd |
| 1995–96 | 8 | 3ª Reg. | 3rd |
| 1996–97 | 8 | 3ª Reg. | 1st |
| 1997–98 | 8 | 3ª Reg. | 6th |
| 1998–99 | 8 | 3ª Reg. | 6th |
| 1999–2000 | 8 | 3ª Reg. | 13th |
| 2000–01 | 8 | 3ª Reg. | 9th |
| 2001–02 | 8 | 3ª Reg. | 12th |
| 2002–03 | 8 | 3ª Reg. | 9th |
| 2003–04 | 8 | 3ª Reg. | 6th |
| 2004–05 | 8 | 3ª Reg. | 5th |
| 2005–06 | 8 | 3ª Reg. | 2nd |
| 2006–07 | 7 | 2ª Aut. | 17th |
| 2007–08 | 8 | 3ª Aut. | 3rd |
| 2008–09 | 7 | 2ª Aut. | 14th |
| 2009–10 | 7 | 2ª Aut. | 5th |
| 2010–11 | 7 | 2ª Aut. | 1st |
| 2011–12 | 6 | 1ª Aut. | 1st |
| 2012–13 | 5 | Pref. Aut. | 14th |
| Season | Tier | Division | Place |
| 2013–14 | 5 | Pref. Aut. | 3rd |
| 2014–15 | 4 | 3ª | 16th |
| 2015–16 | 4 | 3ª | 13th |
| 2016–17 | 4 | 3ª | 9th |
| 2017–18 | 4 | 3ª | 11th |
| 2018–19 | 4 | 3ª | 12th |
| 2019–20 | 4 | 3ª | 12th |
| 2020–21 | 4 | 3ª | 6th / 6th |
| 2021–22 | 5 | 3ª RFEF | 10th |
| 2022–23 | 5 | 3ª Fed. | 12th |
| 2023–24 | 5 | 3ª Fed. | 12th |
| 2024–25 | 5 | 3ª Fed. | |
* 7 seasons in Tercera División
* 4 seasons in Tercera Federación/Tercera División RFEF

## Honours

* Primeira Autonómica: 2011–12
* Segunda Autonómica: 2010–11
* Terceira Autonómica: 1996–97
# Prince of Liechtenstein Foundation

The Prince of Liechtenstein Foundation (German: Stiftung Fürst Liechtenstein) is a portfolio of private companies, museums, and art collections owned by the Princely Family of Liechtenstein. It is essentially a cap for a multitude of investments, such as the LGT Group, the Hofkellerei wineries, Wilfersdorf Agricultural and Forest Company, RiceTec, and real estate holdings in Vienna, Austria. As of 2012, there were 15 companies and 2 museums owned by the Foundation.
In late 2009, rumors speculated that the foundation was attempting to purchase rights to Vaduz FC. However, this has never been confirmed or denied, as of late 2012. The Foundation also plays national heritage and political roles, opening up a Liechtenstein culture museum, selling the political books that support the princely family, and funding right-leaning politicians.

## Overview

The foundation is a Vaduz-based establishment, created in 1970, to manage assets of the Princely Portfolio. Prince Hans-Adam II was head of the foundation from 1970 through 1984, until his brother Prince Philipp Erasmus succeeded him as CEO, Prince Philipp was also the CEO for LGT Group, before being replaced by his nephew Prince Maximilian in 2006. Before becoming CEO, Prince Philipp was a well-known hedge fund investor, working at the head of many influential investment firms. However, Prince Hans-Adam II is still the main beneficiary of the foundation at the present time.
The chairman of Pearson PLC, Glen Moreno, is on the board of trustees at the foundation and also LGT Group. Cuno Pümpin is the chairman of the board of directors at Invision Private Equity AG; he is also a member of the board of trustees at the foundation and LGT Group.

## List of companies

Here is a list of all foundation companies; they are:
* Forestry Kalwang
* Hofkellerei Vaduz
* Hofkellerei Wilfersdorf
* LGT Group
* Liechtenstein Energie GmbH & Co KG
* LIECO GmbH & KG
* Palais Liechtenstein GmbH
* Real Estate Administration Vienna
* RiceTec
* Van Eck Publishers
* Wilfersdorf Agricultural and Forest Company

## Museums

Here is a list of all Foundation museums, they are:
* Liechtenstein Royal Museum
* Liechtenstein Museum
* Liechtenstein Museum of Fine Arts (Art exhibit only)
# Michael Davies

Michael Davies may refer to:

## Entertainment

* Michael Davies (television producer) (born 1966), British producer of television game shows in the United States
* Mike Davies (broadcaster) (born 1978), disc jockey
* Michael ffolkes (Michael Davies, 1925–1988), illustrator and cartoonist
* Dik Mik (Michael Davies, born 1943–2017), British musician with the band Hawkwind

## Sports

* Michael Davies (cricketer) (born 1976), English cricketer
* Michael Davies (ice hockey) (born 1986), American professional ice hockey player
* Mike Davies (rugby league), of the 1980s for Wales and Cardiff City
* Mike Davies (footballer) (born 1966), English former professional footballer
* Mike Davies (tennis) (1936–2015), British tennis player

## Other

* Michael Davies (Catholic writer) (1936–2004), traditionalist Catholic writer
* Sir Michael Davies (parliamentary official) (born 1940), Clerk of the Parliaments 1997–2003
* Michael Davies (judge) (1921–2006), judge of the High Court of England and Wales
* Mike Davies (architect) (born 1942), architect
* Michael Llewelyn Davies (1900–1921), foster son of the author J.M. Barrie
* Michael Davies (priest) (1694–1779), Irish Anglican priest
# 1680 in Norway

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events in the year 1680 in Norway.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Christian V.

## Events

* May - Peder Griffenfeld was imprisoned at Munkholmen, outside of Trondheim.
* A giant squid beached at the coast of Helgeland.

## Births

* 20 December - Anders Daae, priest and landowner (died 1763)

### Around 1680

* Lorentz Reichwein, military officer (died 1735)

## Deaths

* 29 December - Arent Berntsen, topographical-statistical author, businessman, banker, estate owner and councillor (born 1610)