OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Flying disc at the 2022 World Games

The flying disc competition at the 2022 World Games took place in July 2022, in Birmingham, Alabama, USA, at John Carroll Catholic High School. Originally scheduled to take place in July 2021, the Games were rescheduled for July 2022 as a result of the 2020 Summer Olympics postponement due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

## Qualification

A total of 8 teams competed in the flying disc event at the 2022 World Games.
The 2016 World Ultimate and Guts Championships acted as the qualification tournament. Eight best teams qualified for the World Games.

### Qualified teams

| Team | Date of qualification | Method of qualification | Finals appearance | Previous appearance |
| United States | 26 June 2016 | Host | 6th | 2017 |
| Australia | 26 June 2016 | Finished second at the 2016 WUGC | 5th | 2017 |
| Canada | 26 June 2016 | Finished third at the 2016 WUGC | 6th | 2017 |
| Japan | 26 June 2016 | Finished sixth at the 2016 WUGC | 5th | 2017 |
| Colombia | 26 June 2016 | Finished eight at the 2016 WUGC | 4th | 2017 |
| Great Britain | 26 June 2016 | Finished fifth at the 2016 WUGC | 3rd | 2013 |
| France | 26 June 2016 | Finished fourth at the 2016 WUGC | 1st | - |
| Germany | 26 June 2016 | Finished ninth at the 2016 WUGC | 3rd | 2005 |

## Medal table

* Host nation (United States)
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | United States* | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 2 | Australia | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 3 | Colombia | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (3 entries) | Totals (3 entries) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |

## Medalists

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Mixed tournament | United States Claire Chastain Carolyn Finney Dylan Freechild Nate Goff Kaela Helton Chris Kocher Grant Lindsley Sarah Meckstroth Jimmy Mickle Carolyn Normile Opi Payne Khalif El Salaam Claire Trop Jack Williams | Australia Rob Andrews Liv Carr Georgia Egan-Griffiths Alex Gan Alex Ladomatos Caro Ma Sam McGuckin Kyal Oh Cat Phillips Mish Phillips Alex Prentice Alex Shepherd Tom Tullett Sally Yu | Colombia Ivan Alba Jonathan Cantor Maria Manuela Cardenas Maria Valeria Cardenas Yina Cartagena Julio Duque Alexander Ford Maria Angelica Forero Jose Jimenez Ximena Montana Elizabeth Mosquera Laura Ospina Andres Ramirez Simon Ramirez Jose Manuel Rosero Alejandra Torres |
# Kickboxing at the 2022 World Games

The kickboxing competition at the 2022 World Games took place in July 2022, in Birmingham in United States, at the Boutwell Auditorium. Originally scheduled to take place in July 2021, the Games were rescheduled for July 2022 as a result of the 2020 Summer Olympics postponement due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This was the first time, when kickboxing was an official discipline in The World Games programme (in 2017 was an invitational event). The competition was held on K1 rules.

## Participating nations

* Austria (1)
* Azerbaijan (1)
* Belgium (1)
* Bosnia and Herzegovina (1)
* Brazil (1)
* Bulgaria (1)
* Canada (1)
* Croatia (1)
* Czech Republic (1)
* Finland (3)
* Germany (1)
* Israel (2)
* Italy (2)
* Kazakhstan (1)
* Kyrgyzstan (1)
* Lithuania (1)
* Mexico (2)
* Montenegro (1)
* Netherlands (1)
* Poland (3)
* Portugal (2)
* Romania (1)
* Russia (3)
* Serbia (3)
* Slovakia (2)
* Slovenia (1)
* Ukraine (5)
* United States (3)
* Venezuela (1)

## Medal table

* Host nation (United States)
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Israel | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 2 | Serbia | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 3 | Austria | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 3 | Azerbaijan | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 3 | Mexico | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 6 | Ukraine | 0 | 2 | 3 | 5 |
| 7 | Croatia | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 7 | Poland | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 7 | Slovakia | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 10 | Czech Republic | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 10 | Finland | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 10 | Kyrgyzstan | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (12 entries) | Totals (12 entries) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 18 |

## Events
### Men

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 63.5 kg details | Miguel Martínez Mexico | Orfan Sananzade Ukraine | Ikbol Fozilzhonov Kyrgyzstan |
| 75 kg details | Or Moshe Israel | Vitalii Dubina Ukraine | Petr Dvořáček Czech Republic |
| +91 kg details | Bahram Rajabzadeh Azerbaijan | Anto Širić Croatia | Roman Shcherbatiuk Ukraine |

### Women

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 52 kg details | Shir Cohen Israel | Iwona Nieroda-Zdziebko Poland | Daryna Ivanova Ukraine |
| 60 kg details | Stella Hemetsberger Austria | Milana Bjelogrlić Serbia | Alina Martyniuk Ukraine |
| 70 kg details | Aleksandra Krstić Serbia | Alexandra Filipová Slovakia | Virve Vanhakoski Finland |
# Diana Sugg

Diana K. Sugg is a journalist and editor at The Baltimore Sun. Her work covering healthcare and medicine earned her the Pulitzer Prize for Beat Reporting in 2003.

## Biography

Sugg was raised in a large family in Rockville, Maryland where she is the third of six children. She graduated Phi Beta Kappa in 1987 from Villanova University, where she was an editor of the student newspaper The Villanovan. She earned a master's degree in investigative journalism from Ohio State University on a Kiplinger Fellowship in 1992.
Before joining The Baltimore Sun, Sugg was a reporter with the Associated Press in Philadelphia, the Spartanburg Herald-Journal in South Carolina, and the Sacramento Bee. In 1990, while covering crime in Sacramento, Sugg collapsed and has since battled strokes and seizures.
Sugg married Albert Wu, an internist and public health researcher, on February 14, 2004. They have two sons, and currently live near Baltimore.

## Awards

Sugg won the 2003 Pulitzer Prize in Beat Reporting on April 8, 2003. The Pulitzer committee noted her "absorbing, often poignant stories that illuminated complex medical issues through the lives of people." Sugg's recognized work included pieces on stillbirth, sepsis, and the controversial practice of allowing patient families to be present during patient resuscitation efforts.
# Isabel Worrell Ball

Sarah Isabel Worrell Ball McElroy (March 13, 1855 – July 5, 1931) was an American journalist and newspaper editor. She worked first in the western United States and later in Washington, D.C., where she became one of the first women admitted to the United States Senate Daily Press Gallery. She was active in the Woman's Relief Corps and became the editor of the National Tribune, a weekly publication of the Grand Army of the Republic.

## Early life and family

Sarah Isabel (or Isabelle) Worrell was born near Hennepin, Illinois, one of nine children of Elizabeth (McClung) Worrell and James Purcell Worrell, a lawyer and American Civil War veteran who had served with an Illinois regiment. In 1873, her family moved to western Kansas. She was educated partly in public schools and partly by her father.
In 1877 she married Henry M. Ball (ca. 1852–1920), with whom she had a child who died at the age of three.

## Career

Ball's first job was as a public school teacher in Pawnee County, Kansas. She want on to serve as a clerk for the Kansas Legislature (1876–86) and became the second woman to be appointed a notary public in Kansas.
In 1881, Ball began working as a journalist and correspondent for the Albuquerque Journal and the Kansas City Times. One of her first major beats was reporting from the field on construction of the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad line between Albuquerque, New Mexico, and Needles, California.
In 1883, she returned to Kansas and took up a position as editor of the Larned Chronoscope. In the later 1880s, she also worked again for the Kansas City Times as well as for the Kansas City Star (1889–91).
In 1886, she moved to Topeka, where she was appointed assistant secretary of the Kansas State Historical Society.
In 1889, she was one of a group of Western writers who founded the Western Authors' and Artists' Club. Ball served as the club's secretary.
In 1891, she moved to Washington, D.C., where she worked for the Washington Star. In connection with this job, she became one of the first woman admitted to the press gallery of the U.S. Senate, where she noted that her arrival was greeted "with the enthusiasm of a case of smallpox".
During this period of her life, Ball became heavily involved with the Woman's Relief Corps (WRC), an auxiliary of the veteran's fraternal organization known as the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR). She was a vice-president of the WRC and a member of its executive board as well as president of its department of the Potomac. She was associate editor of the National Tribune, the GAR's weekly publication, for which she wrote Susan B. Anthony's obituary in 1906. She also wrote for the Daughters of the American Revolution Magazine.
Ball died in Washington, D.C., in 1931. A collection of documents relating to Ball's life is held by the Kansas Historical Society.
# Hakim Salem

Hakim Salem (born 30 November 1977) is an Egyptian-born Dutch basketball coach. He was the head coach of Nyon Basket Feminin from 2021 to 2023. He was the coach of the Netherlands women's national basketball team from 2017 to 2021.

## Early life

Born in Giza, Salem moved to the Netherlands when he was 14 years old. He played basketball with Landslake Lions and Canadians in Amsterdam. He started his coaching career at BV Lely, where he coached several teams over 8 years. In 2009, Salem started coaching for ABC Amsterdam.

## Coaching career

In 2010, Salem made his debut at the highest level when he coached the ABC Amsterdam team in the Dutch Basketball League. He managed to lead the team to the playoffs. In October 2011, Salem was presented as the new coach of Donar, then named GasTerra Flames for sponsorship reasons. He signed a two-year contract, however, he was fired in December 2012 due to disappointing results.
On 5 August 2011, Salem signed as head coach of Apollo Amsterdam, a newly found club which replaced ABC Amsterdam at the highest level. In the summer of 2015, Salem was an assistant coach for the Netherlands women's team.
In January 2017, Salem was assigned as the new head coach of the Netherlands national women's team.
# Sarah Catherine Fraley Hallowell

Sarah Catherine Fraley Hallowell or Sarah Cresson Fraley Hallowell (1833–1914) was an American journalist. She was editor of The New Century for Women, editor of the Public Ledger in Philadelphia and founder and first president of the New Century Club.

## Personal life

Sarah Catherine Fraley, born on July 8, 1833, was the daughter of Frederick Fraley, who was the Western Savings Fund president. For 21 years he served as the president of the American Philosophical Society, the second longest serving president behind Benjamin Franklin. Her mother was Jane Chapman Cresson Fraley and her siblings were Elizabeth, Mercy and Joseph.
Hallowell was the second wife of Joshua Longstreth Hallowell, whose brother was abolitionist and businessman, Morris Longstreth Hallowell. They had a daughter, Jean Fraley Hallowell. The family lived in Germantown and were on Philadelphia's Social Register.
She was related by marriage to art curator and exhibition organizer Sarah Tyson Hallowell.

## Career

Hallowell was editor of New Century for Women, editor of the Public Ledger in Philadelphia and founder and first president of the New Century Club.
She attended the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania and a member of the Pennsylvania Women's Suffrage Association.

### New Century for Women

New Century for Women was an eight-page weekly paper created and managed by the Women's Centennial Executive Committee of Philadelphia. It was "devoted to the Industrial interest of women" by promoting choice, equal pay for equal work, and greater financial and social autonomy.

### New Century Club

The New Century Club was a woman's organization that was established in 1877 to improve the lives of women. It had committees for working women, municipal affairs and self-education. Rather than portraying the opinions of the "radical" viewpoints of some of its members, the Hallowell, its first president, said that they only "whispered... [the] logic of suffrage." As the organization evolved, they moved into social reform.

### Public Ledger

Hallowell was the associate editor, literary editor, and writer of "Household" for the Public Ledger. She was at the Ledger for 18 years. beginning in 1877.

## Death

She died on March 17, 1914, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

## Published works

* Sarah Catherine Fraley Hallowell (1877). Nan; the new fashioned girl. John S. Marr & Sons.
* Sarah Catherine Fraley Hallowell. On the Church Steps.
* Sarah Catherine Fraley Hallowell (contributor) (1886). Young Folks' Cyclopedia of Stories. D. Lothrop Company. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)
# Evoplosoma

Evoplosoma is a genus of deep-sea sea star in the family Goniasteridae.

## Description and characteristics

These sea stars are typical five-armed starfish with a sizable disc in the middle. The majority of the species in this genus are found in deep waters, where they appear to prey on other cnidarians and deep sea coral.

## List of species

According to the World Register of Marine Species:
* Evoplosoma augusti Koehler, 1909
* Evoplosoma claguei Mah, Nizinski & Lundsten, 2010
* Evoplosoma forcipifera Fisher, 1906
* Evoplosoma scorpio Downey, 1981
* Evoplosoma tasmanica (McKnight, 2006)
* Evoplosoma timorensis Aziz & Jangoux, 1985
* Evoplosoma virgo Downey, 1982
* Evoplosoma voratus Mah, Nizinski & Lundsten, 2010
* Evoplosoma watlingi Mah, 2015
* Evoplosoma claguei.
* Evoplosoma watlingi feeding on a deep-sea coral colony
* Evoplosoma sp.
# Punkinhead

Punkinhead, "the sad little bear", was a rubbery toy bear with a tuft of unruly orange hair. He was designed and developed into a storybook character by Canadian cartoonist Charles Thorson. The bears were manufactured by Merrythought company.
Punkinhead was the main character in a series of children's books published by the T. Eaton Company, a large department store in Toronto, Ontario. To promote the sale of the stuffed bear and the books, the store created a song about him and sold recordings of it.
Punkinhead became associated with Eaton's Christmas advertising. In 1947, Punkinhead appeared in Toronto's Santa Claus parade. The character also appeared on many of Eaton's toys, accessories and clothing. Among them were kitchenware items such as bowls and mugs, furniture such as chairs and rocking horses, and clothing such as toques and mittens.
The Punkinhead doll and books have become collectors' items.

## Books

* Punkinhead, the Sad Little Bear
* Punkinhead in Santa's Workshop, 1950
* Punkinhead and the Christmas Party, 1952
* Punkinhead and His Toy Workshop Adventure, 1954
* Punkinhead in Animal Valley, 1955
* Punkinhead and Jock the Jumper, 1960
# William Redding & Son

William Redding & Son, also known as Redding & Redding, was an architectural firm based in Denver, Colorado. The partnership included William Redding and his son E. Floyd Redding. Several of the buildings the firm designed are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
In 1913 the firm of Redding and Redding was operating out of the Wyoming Building in Denver. Floyd Redding ran the Redding & Redding firm's Nogales, Arizona office in 1914. According to a 1918 issue of American Contractor, the firm was also known as Redding & Redding in 1918. E. Floyd Redding is credited as the architect for the El Monte Hotel at 925 First Avenue in Monte Vista, Colorado. It is listed on the National Register.

## Work

* Morgan County Courthouse and Jail at 225 Ensign and 218 West Kiowa in Fort Morgan, Colorado. NRHP listed
* Old Nogales High School at 209 Plum in Nogales, Arizona
* Hotel Boulderado (1909) at 2115 13th Street in Boulder, Colorado. NRHP listed
* Charles E. Blair House (1911) at 170 N. 5th Street in Laramie, Wyoming. NRHP listed
* Elks Lodge No. 607 (1907) in Idaho Springs, a Mission Style building
* Apartment building at 2140 California Street in Denver

## Gallery

* Charles E. Blair House
* Old Nogales High School
* Morgan County Courthouse and Jail
# Artistic roller skating at the 1981 World Games

The artistic roller skating events of World Games I were held on July 27–30, 1981, at Cal Skate Roller Rink in Milpitas, California, in the United States. These were the first World Games, an international quadrennial multi-sport event, and were hosted by the city of Santa Clara.

## Medalists

Sources:
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men ||||
| Singles | Mike Glatz (USA) | Rick Elsworth (USA) | Michele Biserni (ITA) |
| Women ||||
| Singles | Anna Conklin (USA) | Elena Bonati (ITA) | Tina Kneisley (USA) |
| Mixed ||||
| Pairs | United States Tina Kneisley Paul Price | United States Ann Green Rick Elsworth | Canada Sylvia Gingras Guy Aubin |
| Dance couples | United States Holly Valente William Richardson | United States Cindy Smith Mark Howard | Great Britain Kim Geoghegan Eamon Geoghegan |

## Details
### Men’s singles

| Athlete | Nation | Short program | After free skate |
| Mike Glatz | United States | 1 | 1 |
| Rick Elsworth | United States | 2 | 2 |
| Michele Biserni | Italy | 3 | 3 |
| Paul Irving | Australia | 4 | ? |
| Ivan Ragazzi | Italy | 5 | ? |
| Pierre Adjoury | Canada | 6 | ? |
| James Beaton | England | 7 | ? |
| Juan Carlos Hidalgo | Colombia | 8 | ? |

### Women’s singles

| Athlete | Nation | Short program | After free skate |
| Anna Conklin | United States | 2 | 1 |
| Elena Bonati | Italy | 1 | 2 |
| Tina Kneisley | United States | 3 | 3 |
| Kathleen O'Brien Di Felice | United States | 4 | ? |
| Daniela Marinelli | Italy | 5 | ? |
| Irene Bates | New Zealand | 6 | ? |
| Barbara Pennington | Canada | 7 | ? |

### Dance couples

| Athletes | Nation | Compulsory dances | After free dance |
| Bill Richardson Holly Valenti | United States | 1 | 1 |
| Mark Howard Cindy Smith | United States | 2 | 2 |
| Eamon Geoghegan Kim Geoghegan | Great Britain | 3 | 3 |
| Jim Crouch Sherrie McCumber | Canada | 4 | ? |
| Gianni Galetti Azzurra Nascetti | Spain | 5 | ? |
| Gary Irving Tracy Ferris | Australia | 6 | ? |

### Pairs

| Athletes | Nation | Compulsory dances | After free skate |
| Paul Price Tina Kneisley | United States | 1 | 1 |
| Rick Elsworth Ann Marie Green | United States | 2 | 2 |
| Guy Aubin Sylvia Gingras | Canada | 3 | 3 |
| Michael Hanrahan Louise Hawdon | Australia | 4 | ? |
| Guglielmo Pistocchi Sylvia Meco | Italy | no placing, Pistocchi fell | ? |

## Gallery

* Artistic skating ladies singles gold, silver and bronze medalists (l to r) Anna Conklin (USA), Elena Bonati (ITA) and Tina Kneisley (USA) acknowledge the crowd at the medal ceremony.
* Artistic roller skating pairs gold medalists, Tina Kneisley and Paul Price (USA)
* Sylvia Gingras and Guy Aubin (CAN), bronze medalists in pairs artistic roller skating at the 1981 World Games
* World Games I Pairs Artistic Skating medalists after podium ceremony, July 1981
* World Games I Pairs Artistic Skating medals podium, July 1981
* World Games I Ladies Artistic Skating medals podium, July 1981
# Sagiolechiaceae

Sagiolechiaceae is a small family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Ostropales. It contains two genera, Rhexophiale, and Sagiolechia, the type genus.
Some Sagiolechiaceae species form crustose lichens with Trentepohlia-like photobiont partners (a genus of green algae); other do not form a thallus and are lichenicolous (i.e., they grow on other lichens). Asci are eight-spored with colourless ascospores that have transverse septa or are muriform (i.e. divided into chambers by both transverse and longitudinal septa). The genera Sagiolechia and Rhexophiale mainly differ from each other in how their fruiting bodies develop.

## Taxonomy

The family was circumscribed in 2010 by the lichenologists Elisabeth Baloch, Robert Lücking, H. Thorsten Lumbsch, and Mats Wedin. Molecular phylogenetics analysis showed that the two genera formed a distinct clade in Ostropales. Four species were included in the original circumscription of the family.

## Description

Members of the Sagiolechiaceae typically form crust-like (crustose) thalli, often containing green algae of the genus Trentepohlia as their photosynthetic partners. Some species, however, may lack a visible lichen body and instead grow on other lichens (lichenicolous).
Their reproductive structures, the apothecia, begin immersed in the thallus but later emerge and sit atop it (becoming sessile). These apothecia are usually dark brown to black and feature a slightly raised margin. This margin can be mostly intact, or it can develop a star-like pattern of deep cracks. Just beneath the surface, there is a dark brown to nearly black, carbon-like layer (the excipular layer). In some species, a conical structure interrupts the usually continuous, pale to nearly clear hymenium (the spore-bearing layer), lending the apothecia a distinctive, structured appearance. The upper part of this hymenium is often dark brown.
Internally, numerous thread-like structures called paraphyses are present. These can be simple or branched, sometimes connecting to each other, and are typically packed together in a sticky matrix. They are colourless (hyaline) and react with iodine-based staining tests, indicating the presence of starch-like compounds (amyloid).
The asci, which are the specialised sacs where spores develop, are cylindrical to club-shaped and each typically contains eight ascospores. They may or may not show a colour reaction with iodine stains and can have differently thickened tips. The spores themselves are colourless, divided by internal walls (transversely septate or partitioned into multiple compartments, known as muriform). In some cases, the spores are surrounded by a faint halo-like coating.
# Carol I National Defence University

The Carol I National Defence University (Romanian: Universitatea Națională de Apărare „Carol I" (UNAp)) is an institution of higher education, located in Bucharest, Romania. It was established in 1889 by Ștefan Fălcoianu under the name Higher War School. In 2005, it was renamed in honor of the Romanian King Carol I. The universities motto is "Great labor overcomes everything."
The Carol I National Defence University seeks to train military and civilian experts in security and national defense. It undertakes scientific studies related to these matters when requested by relevant state authorities. The university is a member of the International Association for Military Pedagogy (IAMP), whose members include military and civilian professionals from military institutions of advanced learning.
The main building of the University, built in 1937–1939, was designed by architect Duiliu Marcu. It is located at 68-72 Șoseaua Panduri, Sector 5.