# 1910 Nobel Prize in Literature

The 1910 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the German writer Paul Heyse (1830–1914) "as a tribute to the consummate artistry, permeated with idealism, which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet, dramatist, novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories." He is the third German recipient of the prize after Rudolf Christoph Eucken in 1908.

## Laureate

Paul Heyse translated Italian poetry in addition to writing short tales, poems, novels, and plays. He belonged to Die Krokodile and Tunnel über der Spree, two literary organizations. Heyse's became better known as a writer of short stories with his famous works Der Jungbrunnen ("The Fountain of Youth", 1850) and L'Arrabiata ("The Fury", 1852), which is one of his most well-known novellas. The emphasis of Heyse's writings is on individuality and freedom.
He was dubbed Dichterfürst o prince of poetry, and he worked tirelessly to promote international understanding within Europe. His last published works were Letzten Novellen ("Recent Novellas") and Italienischen Volksmärchen ("Italian Folktales", 1914).

## Deliberations
### Nominations

Heyse had not been nominated for the prize before 1910, making it one of the rare occasions when an author have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature the same year they were first nominated. The nomination for Paul Heyse was made by a great number of professors and others in Munich, Berlin, Breslau, Halle, Leipzig and Vienna.
In total, the Nobel Committee of the Swedish Academy received 27 nominations for 25 writers, among them Georg Brandes, Juhani Aho, and Ángel Guimerá. Twelve of the nominees were nominated first-time including Thomas Hardy, Andrew Lang, Robert Bridges, William Dean Howells, Alfred Fouillée, Gustav Warneck, Édouard Rod, Pierre Loti. Two of the nominees were women and both were also nominated first-time: American historian Molly Elliot Seawell and Austrian novelist Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach.
The authors Giuseppe Cesare Abba, Vittoria Aganoor, Otto Julius Bierbaum, Samuel Langhorne Clemens (known as Mark Twain), Frederick James Furnivall, Julia Ward Howe, William James, Emil Friedrich Kautzsch, Maria Konopnicka, William Vaughn Moody, George Panu, William Sydney Porter (known as O. Henry), Wilhelm Raabe, Jules Renard, Bertilda Samper Acosta, Florencio Sánchez, Catherine Helen Spence, and Toini Topelius died in 1910 without having been nominated for the prize. The Swiss novelist Édouard Rod died months before the announcement.
Official list of nominees and their nominators for the prize :
| No. | Nominee | Country | Genre(s) | Nominator(s) |
| 1 | Juhani Aho (1861–1921) | Russia ( Finland) | novel, short story | Leo Mechelin (1839–1914) |
| 2 | Wilhelm Benignus (1861–1930) | Germany United States | short story, poetry, essays | Marion Dexter Learned (1857–1917) |
| 3 | Georg Brandes (1842–1927) | Denmark | literary criticism, essays | Yrjö Hirn (1870–1952)Werner Söderhjelm (1859–1931) |
| 4 | Robert Bridges (1844–1930) | Great Britain | poetry, essays | Charles Villiers Stanford (1852–1924) |
| 5 | William Chapman (1850–1917) | Canada | poetry, translation | Amédée Gosselin (1863–1941) |
| 6 | Francesco D'Ovidio (1849–1925) | Italy | philology, literary criticism | Ernesto Monaci (1844–1918) |
| 7 | Antonio Fogazzaro (1842–1911) | Italy | novel, poetry, short story | Eugène-Melchior de Vogüé (1848–1910) |
| 8 | Alfred Fouillée (1838–1912) | France | philosophy | Carl David af Wirsén (1842–1912) |
| 9 | Anatole France (1844–1924) | France | poetry, essays, drama, novel, literary criticism | Paul Hervieu (1857–1915) |
| 10 | Martin Greif (1839–1911) | Germany | poetry, drama | August Sauer (1855–1926) |
| 11 | Ángel Guimerá Jorge (1845–1924) | Spain | drama, poetry | 20 members of the Reial Acadèmia de Bones Lletres de Barcelona |
| 12 | Thomas Hardy (1840–1928) | Great Britain | novel, short story, poetry | 6 members of the Society of Authors |
| 13 | Paul Heyse (1830–1914) | Germany | poetry, drama, novel, short story | professors in Munich, Berlin, Breslau, Halle, Leipzig and Vienna |
| 14 | William Dean Howells (1837–1920) | United States | novel, short story, literary criticism, drama | Brander Matthews (1852–1929) |
| 15 | Andrew Lang (1844–1912) | Great Britain | poetry, novel, short story, essays, literary criticism, translation | Edith Nesbit (1858–1924) |
| 16 | Ernest Lavisse (1842–1922) | France | history | Frédéric Masson (1847–1923) |
| 17 | Pierre Loti (1850–1923) | France | novel, short story, autobiography, essays | Gabriel Hanotaux (1853–1944) |
| 18 | Maurice Maeterlinck (1862–1949) | Belgium | drama, poetry, essays | Carl Bildt (1850–1931) |
| 19 | Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo (1856–1912) | Spain | history, philosophy, philology, poetry, translation, literary criticism | 4 members of the Royal Spanish Academy |
| 20 | John Morley (1838–1923) | Great Britain | biography, literary criticism, essays | 28 members of the Society of Authors |
| 21 | Édouard Rod (1857–1910) | Switzerland France | novel, short story, essays, literary criticism | Edmond Rossier (1865–1945) |
| 22 | Salvador Rueda Santos (1857–1933) | Spain | poetry, essays | 7 professors at the Complutense University of Madrid |
| 23 | Molly Elliot Seawell (1860–1916) | United States | history, novel, short story | Charles William Kent (1860–1917) |
| 24 | Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach (1830–1916) | Austria-Hungary | novel, short story, drama | Emil Reich (1854–1910) |
| 25 | Gustav Warneck (1834–1910) | Germany | theology, history | Carl Mirbt (1860–1929)Johannes Ficker (1861–1944) |

## Reactions

The Nobel Prize to Paul Heyse did not receive much attention in his native Germany. Responses outside the German-speaking world were far more numerous. Particularly in Italy appreciations appeared in many publications, as well as notices in French newspapers such as Le Figaro.