OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Qiñwani Punta

Qiñwani Punta (Aymara qiñwa, qiwña a kind of tree (polylepis), -ni a suffix, qiñwani "the one with the qiwña tree", also spelled Kheñwani Punta) is a mountain in the Bolivian Andes which reaches a height of approximately 4,560 m (14,960 ft). It is located in the Cochabamba Department, Ayopaya Province, Morochata Municipality.
# Memetic computing

Memetic computing is a novel computational paradigm that incorporates the notion of meme(s) as basic units of transferable information encoded in computational representations for boosting the performance of artificial evolutionary systems in the domain of search and optimization.
The term memetic computing is often unassumingly misinterpreted to mean the same thing as memetic algorithms (MAs) that typically hybridize population-based global search algorithms with one or more local search schemes. Notably, memetic computing offers a much broader scope, perpetuating the idea of memes into concepts that pave the way towards simultaneous problem learning and optimization approaches.

## Methods

There are two different methods that describe the history and rise of memetics in computing. These are human-crafted memes and machine-crafted memes.

## Human-crafted memes

One of the most widely recognised instantiations of the memetic computing paradigm are the first-generation memetic algorithms (MAs). In particular, MAs are referred to as hybrid algorithms, prescribing a marriage between a population-based global search coupled with one or more local search schemes (interpreted as computational manifestations of memes) such as heuristic solution refinements, gradient descent procedures, etc. The specific choice of local search heuristics are handcrafted (manually specified) by a domain expert and often require a reasonably deep understanding of the problem at hand.
The second generation MAs focus on adaptive data driven selection and integration of memes from a manually specified catalogue of multi-memes (a pool of memes); gleaning patterns (knowledge) from the data generated during the course of a search/optimization run so as to ascertain promising combinations of memes at runtime.

## Machine-crafted memes

It is only recently that the concept of memes were set free from the narrow scope of merely hand-crafted local search heuristics, paving the path towards fully automated extraction, dispersal and exploitation of knowledge memes. In this era of data-democratization with access to modern computing platforms, emerges an unmanned multi-meme setting; one in which memes, capturing diverse forms of higher-order problem-solving knowledge, are uncovered by machines. They are thereafter made available for reuse across various problems. As such, making it possible for advanced optimizers to automatically harness the transmitted memes and orchestrate custom search behaviours on the fly without human intervention.

## Applications

The concept of memes have been exploited in various research fields, for example, robotics engineering, multi-agent systems, robotics, optimization, software engineering, and the social sciences etc.
# Settimio Ferrazzetta

Settimio Arturo Ferrazzetta O.F.M. (8 December 1924 in Selva di Progno, Verona – 26 January 1999 in Bissau) was an Italian-born Guinea-Bissauan Roman Catholic bishop.
He was ordained a priest at the Order of Friars Minor on 1 July 1951. In 1955 he went to Portuguese Guinea as a missionary, where he dedicated himself to health and educational activities. He first started a leprosery in Cumura.
After the independence of Guinea-Bissau, he was appointed the first bishop of the new Roman Catholic Diocese of Bissau, on 21 March 1977, being ordained on 19 June 1977. He continued his missionary activity, working for the promotion at the human, social and religious levels of the Guinea-Bissauans. Ferrazzetta achieved the respect and admiration of the population in general, not only the small Roman Catholic community, but also the Muslim and animist communities.
In 1998, during the armed tension between President João Bernardo Vieira and general Ansumane Mane, he worked as the mediator. He died soon afterwards, before the end of the hostilities, on 26 January 1999, aged 74 years old. His death was mourned as a great national loss. He was buried in the Bissau Cathedral.
# Maija Kovaļevska

Maija Kovalevska (born 21 September 1979) is a Latvian soprano opera singer. She is a student of Italian soprano Mirella Freni.
Born in Riga, Kovalevska rose to international prominence in 2006 after winning the Operalia singing competition. She made her Metropolitan Opera debut in 2006, starring first as Mimì in Franco Zeffirelli's production of Puccini's La bohème conducted by Plácido Domingo, and later as Euridice in Gluck's Orfeo ed Euridice. She made her Vienna State Opera debut in 2011 as Tatjana in Eugene Onegin, later as Mimì in La bohème, Micaëla in Carmen, Contessa in Le nozze di Figaro, Amelia in Simon Boccanegra and Violetta in La traviata.
In 2011, Kovalevska sang Micaëla in the Royal Opera House's 3D film production (3D Blue-Ray Opus Arte 3D7096) of Bizet's Carmen. Kovalevska made her Australian debut at the Sydney Opera House in 2014/15 as Mimì for Opera Australia.
# Law Quarterly Review

The Law Quarterly Review is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering common law throughout the world. It was established in 1885 and is published by Sweet & Maxwell. It is one of the leading law journals in the United Kingdom.

## History

The LQR's founding editor was Frederick Pollock, then Corpus Professor of Jurisprudence at the University of Oxford. Founded in 1885, it is one of the oldest law journals in the English-speaking world, after only the University of Pennsylvania Law Review and the South African Law Journal. The editors' intention was that the journal would help to establish law as a worthy field of academic study. In this purpose it has "triumphed". In the first volume alone its contributors included, in addition to Pollock himself, Sir William Anson, Albert Venn Dicey, and Thomas Erskine Holland, each of whom had assisted in the founding of the journal, as well as Oliver Wendell Holmes, F. W. Maitland, T. E. Scrutton (later Lord Justice), James Fitzjames Stephen, and Paul Vinogradoff.

## Editors

Pollock edited the LQR for its first 35 years (1885–1919). He was succeeded by A. E. Randall, then editor of Leake's Law of Contracts. When Randall died suddenly in April 1925, Pollock returned to edit the final two issues of that year. From 1926 the editorship was taken over by A. L. Goodhart, who stayed in that position for almost half a century. In 1971 Paul Baker succeeded to the editorship and in 1987 he was replaced by Francis Reynolds. The LQR's current editor-in-chief is Peter Mirfield (University of Oxford).
# Silver hypobromite

Silver hypobromite is a chemical compound with the chemical formula AgBrO. This is an ionic compound of silver and the polyatomic ion hypobromite.

## Synthesis

Oxidizing Ag$_2$Br:
    4 Ag$_2$Br + 4 H$_2$O + 3 O$_2$ → 4 AgOBr + 4 AgOH + 2 H$_2$O
Also, reaction of double decomposition (exchange reaction):
    AgOH + BrHO → AgBrO + H$_2$O

## Physical properties

Silver hypobromite decomposes very rapidly even at room temperature.
# Chingo

Volcán Chingo is a stratovolcano on the border between Guatemala and El Salvador. The highest point on the Guatemala/ El Salvador border is Volcán Chingo at 5,823 feet. It is also known to be the second highest of a group of volcanoes in the SE Guatemala region. The population of people living within 30 km of the Volcán Chingo is estimated to be around 867,678 people. There are no historical eruptions documented for this volcano but it is currently active. The exact volcano number when trying to locate it in the Smithsonian website is 342170.

## Geology

This symmetrical stratovolcano has many different features that make it stand out to be the highest point on the border between Guatemala and El Salvador. There is a small, oval shaped crater on the summit that is breached towards the west side of the volcano. Different flank fissures have fed many youthful lava flows that can be found West and North of the volcano. There is a light brown hill located below the volcano on the right center side that is known as Cerro Laguneta.
The different rock types that can be found are Andesite/ Basaltic Andesite and Basalt/ Picro-Basalt.
Cerro la Olla, a youthful cone, is located on the South side of the volcano across the Salvadorian border. A cinder cone that caps the basalt shield, Volcan las Viboras, lies to the North and is the most prominent of several controlled cones in the area.

## Ecosystem

Sobralia amabilis is an elusive flower located in the Guatemala El Salvador region. The Sobralia amabilis of "Orchidaceae" was registered near the top of Volcán Chingo and was the only recorded sighting in local Guatemala. Based on the findings of the Sobralia amabilis on the Volcán Chingo, ecologists speculate there could be other populations in the area.
The valley underneath the Volcano chingo is home to nutrient rich soil perfect to grow coffee beans. Peregrine Roasters grows coffee beans in the shade under Inga edulis trees at the base of the volcano. "Volcán Chingo", the name of the coffee, was farmed in the Jutiapa Region of Guatemala on the Marcelita Estate.
# St Nicholas Church, Hardwicke

Saint Nicholas Church is a grade I listed building located in Hardwicke, Gloucestershire. It practices Christianity through the Church of England denomination.
The church is a stone building of the early English and late perpendicular style. It consists of a chancel, a nave, a south facing porch and a wastern tower housing the six church bells and a clock on the western wall. Inside of the church are several monuments of the Trye family. It has a stained glass window on the east-side which is a memorial to Mr and Mrs Fenwick. There are three windows on the west-side one of which is a memorial to Thomas Barwick Lloyd Baker.

## History

Hardwicke church was initially a chapel built in 1092, however this may have been built on the foundations of an Anglo-Saxon church. The church is classified as Norman in heritage. The walls of the chancel, common, nave and south aisle were rebuilt in the early thirteenth century. The great altar was consecrated in 1350 by the Bishop of Worcester. Bermondsey Priory sold the church in the late thirteenth or early fourteenth century. The west tower with internal stairs and gargoyles up the parapet and a porch were built in the early fourteenth century. In the late fourteenth century the rood loft and three windows on the west-side and one on the east-side were added. In the fifteenth century, the south chapel was built and two trefoil-headed lights were added on the south-side of the chancel arch. A house was built on the south-side of the churchyard around 1680, It was initially a timber-framed building with a thatched roof, However it has been rebuilt and is now privately owned. The church was named St Nicholas in the late eighteenth century but was previously called St Marys. In 1703, the church had four bells and two more bells were added in 1819 and another in 1896. The church was restored in the 1840s when the nave arcade was replaced and the east end of the chancel was rebuilt incorporating the fourteenth century window. Another more comprehensive restoration and enlargement was carried out in 1878 by Waller and Son of Gloucester. This restoration included the building of the north aisle with a chapel at its east end to house a new organ. At this time, the galleries were also removed and the porch was moved from the north to the south doorway. In 1921, the lychgate to the churchyard was opened as a World War I memorial. In 1927, The tower was restored, and six of the seven bells were kept and rehung. In 1938, The organ was moved from the north chapel to the west end of the north aisle and given a new case.
# S. B. Miyanadeniya

Brigadier S. B. Miyanadeniya was a Sri Lankan military leader, he served as the Director Training, Sri Lanka Army.
Hailing from Kurunegala, Miyanadeniya joined the newly formed Ceylon Army and received his basic training at Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the 1st Battalion, Ceylon Light Infantry. Promoted to lieutenant colonel, he was appointed commanding officer of the 1st Battalion, Gemunu Watch in July 1970 and lead the battalion through the 1971 JVP Insurrection, conducting counterinsurgency operations. In December 1971, he took over as commanding officer of the 1st Battalion, Sri Lanka Sinha Regiment and served till April 1974. He retired from the army having served as Director Training, on completing four years in the rank of Brigadier.
His daughter married Major General Gratian Silva's son.
# F.B.I. (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Source | |
F.B.I. is the second studio album by the American rap group the Dayton Family, from Flint, Michigan. It was released on October 1, 1996, via Relativity Records. Recording sessions took place at Silver Sun Recording Studio in Flint. Production was handled by Steve Pitts with the members of Dayton Family serving as co-producers. It features guest appearances from Lorie Coleman, Esham, and Night & Day. Albums' title, "F.B.I." stands for "Fuck Being Indicted".
The album peaked at number 45 on the Billboard 200 albums chart and at number 7 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart in the United States.
The song, "Stick & Move", was originally released on the 1995 No Limit Records compilation album, Down South Hustlers: Bouncin' and Swingin'.

## Track listing
### Sample credits

* Track 3 contains elements from "Let's Straighten It Out" by Latimore
* Track 4 contains elements from "Friends" by Whodini
* Track 13 contains elements from "Float On" by The Floaters

## Personnel

* Ira "Bootleg" Dorsey – main artist, co-producer
* Raheen "Shoestring" Peterson – main artist, co-producer
* Erick "Ghetto-E" Dorsey – main artist
* Tonyatta Martinez – featured artist (tracks: 2, 5, 7, 12, 13)
* Gasner Hughes – featured artist (tracks: 2, 5, 7, 12, 13)
* Lorie Coleman – featured artist (tracks: 3, 11)
* Esham Attica Smith – featured artist (track 5)
* Steve Pitts – producer
* Bernard Terry – mixing
* Neil Perry – engineering
* Neil Gehringer – mastering
* Bobby Russell – project coordinator
* Patrick Aquintey – design
* Christian Lantry – photography

## Chart history

| Chart (1996) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 45 |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard) | 7 |
# Kenn Hansen

Kenn Hansen (born 29 May 1980) is a Danish former football referee.
Hansen became a FIFA referee in 2011. He spent his career as a Danish Superliga referee from 2008.
Hansen retired from refereeing in 2015.
# Shelton Leake

Shelton Farrar Leake (November 30, 1812 – March 4, 1884) was a nineteenth-century politician, lawyer and teacher from Virginia. He served as Virginia's first lieutenant governor from 1852 to 1856. He also served two non-consecutive terms in the United States House of Representatives.

## Biography

Born near Hillsboro, Albemarle County, Virginia to Dr. Samuel Leake and Sophia Farrar, Leake completed preparatory studies, taught school, studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1835, commencing practice in Charlottesville, Virginia. He was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates in 1842 and 1843 and was elected a Democrat to the United States House of Representatives in 1844, serving from 1845 to 1847. Leake was a presidential elector in 1849. Afterward, Leake resumed practicing law and in 1851 was elected the first Lieutenant Governor of Virginia, serving from 1852 to 1856. He was elected back to the House of Representatives as an Independent Democrat in 1858, serving again from 1859 to 1861. Leake again resumed practicing law until his death in Charlottesville, Virginia on March 4, 1884. He was interred in Charlottesville in Maplewood Cemetery.

## Electoral history

* 1845; Leake was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives with 52.55% of the vote, defeating an Independent identified only as Irving.
* 1859; Leake was re-elected with 59.17% of the vote, defeating Democrat Paulus Powell.
# Archduke Maximilian of Austria-Este

Archduke Maximilian Joseph of Austria-Este (July 14, 1782 – June 1, 1863), the fourth son of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Este and younger brother of Francis IV, Duke of Modena. He was grand master of the Teutonic Knights from 1835 to 1863.

## Biography

Born in Milan, Maximilian was the son of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria (son of Maria Theresa of Austria and governor of the Duchy of Milan) and Maria Beatrice Ricciarda d'Este. He spent his youth in Monza, where his family had fled after the French invasion of the Duchy of Modena. After staying in Verona, Padua, Trieste and Laibach, his family moved to Wiener Neustadt.
In 1801 he joined the Teutonic Order, obtaining the Austrian Cross in 1804. After studying in the Theresian Military Academy of Wiener Neustadt, he was named Major General in the Austrian Army (1805). In 1809 he fought in Germany against the French; he clashed with the Napoleonic troops at Regensburg, leading his army towards Linz. In 1819 he was elected a Royal Fellow of the Royal Society.
In 1830 Maximilian established himself in the Ebenzweier Castle, near Altmünster am Traunsee, while from 1831 to 1839 he lived in Linz. In 1835 he was named Grand Master of the Teutonic Order.
Maximilian erected several fortifications in the Austrian possessions in Italy, such as the Torri Massimiliane of Verona and the Torre Massimiliana of Venice.
He died in 1863 in the Ebenzweier castle. He is buried in Altmünster.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Archduke Maximilian of Austria-Este :
# Memoir from Antproof Case

Memoir from Antproof Case is a book by American writer Mark Helprin. The novel was initially published in April 1995.

## Plot

An elderly narrator who never reveals his real name writes a manuscript in the Brazilian jungles and hides it, page by page, in a termite-proof suitcase. The goal that he set for himself is truly ambitious: to tell his son about the things that led him to Brazil—after a childhood spent in New York City, and youth—in an elite Swiss clinic for the mentally ill, after studying at Harvard, after his service as a pilot during World War II, after decades of a successful career at a major Wall Street bank, after a number of impossible escapades, and a great love...

## Review

   Never one to tell a lean story, Helprin indulges in dozens of riffs and digressions exploring the principles of physics, anatomy, education, morality, monetary theory, aeronautics, engineering and many other subjects. Some of these descriptions are little short of gorgeous; others are tedious. Similarly, Helprin's witty, ironic humor sometimes veers into farce (e.g., a banquet scene where bank officers are served steak and the narrator, in disgrace, must eat a turkey anus). To his credit, Helprin is endlessly inventive, and one expects his characters to behave as they do in fairy tales and fables, not in real life. Yet real life pulses so strongly in some scenes (especially the account of the events surrounding the death of the narrator's parents) that they could stand as set pieces, full and complete in their stark and immediate impact. For all of its excesses, there is enough magic in this story to keep readers actively engaged. — Publishers Weekly
# Mga Awitin ng Puso

Mga Awitin ng Puso is a studio album by Filipino singer-actress Nora Aunor, released in 1972 by Alpha Records Corporation in the Philippines in LP and cassette formats and later re-released on November 4, 1999 in a compilation/CD format. Songs from this album are also included on a compilation album from 1990 called Mga Awiting Sariling Atin. This is Aunor's third album with all-Filipino compositions featuring kundiman classics "Ikaw", "Buhat", "Dahil sa Iyo", "Minamahal Kita" and "Pangako ng Puso".

## Album credits

Musical arranger
* Doming Valdez
Recording supervisor
* Gil Cruz
Recorded at
* CAI Studios
Original cover design
* Rudy Retanan
# Argyramoiboi

Argyramoiboi (Ancient Greek: ἀργυραμοιβοί, "silver changers") were professional money-changers and assayers in ancient Greece (especially in the Athenian Agora) and the Byzantine Empire. These often set their tables in public places with their business covering the purchase of foreign currency, paying deposit interest, and loans. They also served as pawnbrokers.
The argyramoiboi used the βάσανος (basanos) or touchstone to determine whether gold is genuine or counterfeit. Byzantine historical records also mentioned the argyramoiboi during the reign of Justinian, who released an edict mandating these money-changers to reduce the price that they pay for a solidus from 210 folles to 180.
# San Samuele, Venice

San Samuele is a church in Venice, northern Italy. It is located in the eponymous campo near Palazzo Grassi and Palazzo Malipiero. The facade is set back on the campo, but faces and is visible from the Grand Canal. It is named after the Biblical Samuel, because in the interior are housed relics traditionally attributed to him.
The church was built around 1000 by the families Boldù and Soranzo. In the early 12th centuries it was destroyed by two fires and then reconstructed. In 1685, it was again almost entirely rebuilt. The portico on the façade, now closed, is surmounted by a loggia added in 1952.
The interior, over the high altar, houses a 14th-century crucifix attributed to Paolo Veneziano.
San Samuele bears the distinction of being one of only a handful of Roman Catholic churches dedicated to an Old Testament figure. It is also unique in that its late-Gothic apse has remained intact despite the restructuring of its nave and façade in 1685.
The walls and vaults of this apse have been restored starting in 1999, and are one of the few surviving fresco cycles of the early Venetian Renaissance. The cycle depicts eight Sibyls, Greek and Roman female seers who were believed to have predicted events in the life of Christ such as the Annunciation, the Crucifixion and the Resurrection. The ceiling's quadripartite vault features Saints Jerome, Augustine, Ambrose and Gregory, the four fathers of the Western church, set in roundels and surrounded by inscriptions, decorative foliage, and putti bearing the instruments of the Passion. Above the high altar, the frescoes occupying the spaces between the ribs of the cupola feature Christ and the four Evangelists Matthew, Mark, Luke and John. The cycle has traditionally been attributed to the Paduan or Bolognese school.
# Monte Belo do Sul

Monte Belo do Sul is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in the Serra Gaúcha. As of 2020, the estimated population was 2,530, and the area of the municipality was 69.726 km².