OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Henry George Jr.

Henry George Jr. (November 3, 1862 – November 14, 1916) was an American newspaperman who served two terms as a United States representative from New York from 1911 to 1915.
He was the son of the American political economist Henry George (1839–1897).

## Biography

George was born in Sacramento, California, and attended the schools there. At the age of sixteen, he started working for a printing office, where he was employed for one year.
He moved with his parents to Brooklyn in 1880 and worked as a reporter for the Brooklyn Eagle in 1881. In 1884, he accompanied his father as his secretary on a lecture tour of Great Britain, at the close of which he joined the staff of the London Truth. He then returned to the United States and joined the staff of the North American Review. He was then managing editor of the Standard from 1887 to 1891, a correspondent in Washington, D.C. for a syndicate of western papers in 1891 and a correspondent in England for the same syndicate in 1892. In 1893, George became the managing editor of the Florida Citizen at Jacksonville, Florida.
He returned to New York City in 1895. Upon the death of his father on October 29, 1897, he was nominated to succeed his father as the candidate of the Jefferson Democracy Party for mayor of New York City, but he was unsuccessful. He married Marie Morelle Hitch (born January 22, 1879. She is Caroline Takamine Beach's younger sister.) from Orleans Parish, Louisiana on December 2, 1897 and was a special correspondent in Japan in 1906.

### Congress

George was elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-second and Sixty-third Congresses (March 4, 1911 – March 4, 1915). However, he was not a candidate for reelection in 1914.

### Later career and death

He engaged in literary pursuits until his death in Washington, D.C. and was interred in Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn.

## Works

* The Life of Henry George (1904)
* The Menace of Privilege (1905)
# Unni Steinsmo

Unni Steinsmo (born 15 March 1954) is a Norwegian chemical engineer and research executive. She served as chief executive of SINTEF from 2004 to 2015.

## Biography

Steinsmo was born in Levanger Municipality on 15 March 1954. She graduated as chemical engineer from the Norwegian Institute of Technology, and as Doctor of Engineering degree in materials science in 1987.
An associate professor at the Norwegian University of Technology, she was appointed research director at SINTEF from 1997 to 2003, and served as Chief executive officer from 2004 to 2015. She has been a board member of Research Council of Norway, and member of the European Research Advisory Board.
# Ketil Kjenseth

Ketil Kjenseth (born 13 August 1968) is a Norwegian schoolteacher and politician for the Liberal Party.

## Personal life

Kjenseth was born in Lillehammer to Kristen Kjenseth and Gerd Lovise Kjenseth, and grew up in Biri Øverbygd.

## Career

Kjenseth was elected to the Parliament of Norway from Oppland in 2013 where he was member of the Standing Committee on Health and Care Services. He was again elected representative to the Storting for the period 2017–2021, and is a member of the Standing Committee on Local Government and Public Administration.
# Oxycarenus laetus

Oxycarenus laetus, commonly known as the dusky cotton bug, is a species of plant bug belonging to the family Lygaeidae. It is sometimes known as the Egyptian cotton stainer, and is found in southern Asia where it is a pest of cotton, okra and other crops.

## Distribution

Oxycarenus laetus is found in Iraq, Pakistan, India, Myanmar, Malaysia, Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos. In India and Pakistan it displaces Oxycarenus hyalinipennis on cotton; this species, commonly known as the cotton seed bug, occupies a similar niche in other cotton-growing regions of the world, with the exception of North America.

## Hosts

Oxycarenus laetus is a polyphagous insect, feeding on the seeds of a number of plants in the Malvaceae family. As well as being a pest of cotton (Gossypium spp.) crops, this insect is found on Abutilon indicum (Indian mallow), Sida acuta (common wireweed) and Thespesia populnea (portia tree). On these plants, populations are at their highest during the hotter months from March to July, and at their lowest between November and January. The insects seem to do best when the temperature is high and the humidity moderate. Other host plants on which this bug can be found include Hibiscus sabdariffa (roselle), Hibiscus vitifolius (tropical rose mallow) and Hibiscus esculentus (okra). Besides these plants on which the dusky cotton bug breeds, it feeds on a number of other plants and weeds including Deccan hemp, Dombeya burgessiae, Grewia asiatica, Melochia corchorifolia, Malva pusilla, Malva spp., Malvastrum spp. and Malvascus spp.

## Life cycle

The female Oxycarenus laetus lays a batch of cigar-shaped eggs between the lint and the calyx in half-open cotton bolls. The eggs hatch in between six and ten days, and the young develop through six nymphal stages before becoming fully grown in thirty to forty days.

## Ecology

Both adults and nymphs of Oxycarenus laetus feed on the developing seeds of the cotton plant. The seeds fail to develop properly and the lint gets stained. The predatory pirate bug Orius tantillus preys on the dusky cotton bug.
# Jonathan Davidson (lawyer)

Jonathan Davidson is a U.S. government official and lawyer serving as the chief of staff of the United States Department of Homeland Security since August 2023. He previously served as the assistant secretary of the Treasury for legislative affairs from 2021 to 2023.

## Life

Davidson is a graduate of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the Georgetown University Law Center. He clerked for chief judge William K. Sessions III of the United States District Court for the District of Vermont.
Davidson served as chief of staff to U.S. senator Paul Sarbanes and U.S. representative John Sarbanes, and chief counsel to U.S. senator Mark Warner. He also served as the Biden-Harris Transition’s economic nominations confirmation team lead after the 2020 United States presidential election. Davidson worked as an adjunct professor at American University School of Public Affairs, periodically teaching a class on the legislative and political processes. Davidson worked on Capitol Hill for more than two decades. He served as U.S. senator Michael Bennet’s chief of staff from 2011 to 2020. He played a role in the passage of the child tax credit portion of the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021.
Davidson joined the United States Department of the Treasury as the counselor to secretary Janet Yellen. In 2021, he was nominated by U.S. president Joe Biden to serve assistant secretary of the Treasury for legislative affairs, succeeding Brian T. McGuire. He was confirmed by the U.S. senate in a 88–10 vote on November 2 and assumed office on the November 15. He helped lead the Treasury's efforts to pass and implement the Inflation Reduction Act and worked on a range of national security issues, including the Biden administration’s efforts in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine and its push to diversify global supply chains. He resigned from his Treasury Department positions in 2023.
On July 20, 2023, Davidson was named as the incoming chief of staff of the United States Department of Homeland Security, following the elevation of Kristie Canegallo to acting deputy secretary. He assumed the role in August 2023.
# Coat of arms of Vidzeme

The coat of arms of Vidzeme, a region in central Latvia, depicts a white griffin in a red field. It is a version of the earlier coat of arms of Livonia granted in the 16th century.

## History

The coat of arms was granted to the Duchy of Livonia on 26 December 1566 by king Sigismund II Augustus of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
The first version of the coat of arms included the king's initials S.A. on the griffin.
Without the king's initials, the coat of arms was also used in Swedish Livonia the part of the region that came under the control of the Swedish Empire in the 1620s. Since 1677, the coat of arms of Polish Livonia (the Inflanty Voivodeship, roughly corresponding to today's Latgale) included a ducal crown.
After the incorporation of Estonia and Livonia into the Russian Empire in 1710, the Russian Governorate of Riga and later the Governorate of Livonia have been granted coats of arms basing on the historical coat of arms of Livonia but included the tsar's initials ПВИВ on the griffin. The greater coat of arms of the Russian Empire also adopted the historical coat of arms of Livonia.
After the establishment of the independent Latvian state, the symbol of Livonia, representing the Latvian regions Vidzeme and Latgalia, became part of the newly created Coat of arms of Latvia. The white griffin representing Livonia became an element of the shield and one of the supporters. The coat of arms was in official usage in Latvia until the Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940. In 1990, shortly before the restoration of independence, the coat of arms was restored.
The official current version of the coat of arms of Vidzeme as a historical and cultural region of Latvia was introduced in 1930, and confirmed again in 2012.

## Gallery

* Coat of arms of the Duchy of Livonia (1566)
* Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Livonia (1570)
* Coat of arms of the Polish Livonia (1720)
* Coat of arms of Swedish Livonia (1660)
* Coat of arms of Swedish Livonia (18th century)
* Coat of arms of the Governorate of Livonia (1856–1918)
* Coat of arms of the Livonian Knighthood
* Version from Baltisches Wappenbuch
* Coat of arms of Latvia (established 15 July 1921) with Livonia (Vidzeme and Latgalia) represented by the white griffin in the shield and as one of the supporters
# CHS Ukraine

CHS Ukraine is an agricultural company that exports grains; works in the area of infrastructure and with Ukrainian farmers with the help of financial services. The company began operating in Ukraine in 2008.
CHS Ukraine is a part of CHS Inc., an international agricultural company owned by farmers, landowners and US agricultural cooperatives. CHS Inc. is a farmer-owned cooperative in the US with over 75,000 producer-owners throughout country. It is a Fortune 500 company. In FY 2015, the company's net revenue was $34.6 billion.

## History

The history of CHS began in 1931 with the founding of the Farmers Union Central Exchange in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Later, the core cooperative company became Cenex, from the combination of the last two words in its previous name.
In 1998, Cenex merged with Harvest States Cooperatives to form Cenex Harvest States.
In 2003, the cooperative changed its legal name to CHS Inc.
In 2008, CHS entered the Ukrainian market.
In 2010, port terminal "Olimpex", into which CHS invested $40 million, was put into operation.

## Grains export

CHS Ukraine is one of the grain exporters on the Ukrainian market. CHS Ukraine annually exports 1 million tons of grains. Main crops include corn, wheat, barley, and soy. The company is a direct supplier of Ukrainian products to Egypt, Morocco, Korea, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Philippines, Spain, Israel, Italy, Algeria, Tunisia, China, Japan, and other markets.

## Port infrastructure

CHS Ukraine participates in the development of the port infrastructure in Ukraine and is among the first investors into port logistics, specifically the "Olimpex" terminal in Odesa, which began operation in 2010. Total investment amounted to $40 million. Currently, a port terminal "Olimpex" has the bandwidth of 3.5 million tons per year and rotation of 28 times per year.

## Financial services for farmers

CHS Ukraine has to offer Ukrainian farmers financial services in insurance, funding and risk management.
They include:
– access to the world prices and direct consumers of agricultural products for small and medium-sized farms;
– agricultural procurement contract of goods with minimal price and price fixing option;
– forward contracts with fixed prices;
– inventory financing of binary warehouse receipts;
– use of agricultural receipts for financing;
– joint financing program for farmers with seed, fertilizer, and fuel suppliers.

## Partnership

CHS is cooperating with companies from various industries all over the world and has a joint venture with ConAgra Foods (Cargill/CHS); AgFarm (Ruralco/CHS Australia); TEMCO (Cargill/CHS); and CF Industries Nitrogen (CF industries/CHS).
In Ukraine, the company cooperates with IFC, ОККО, Syngenta, and others as well as with the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)
# George W. F. Gaunt

George Washington French Gaunt (September 2, 1865 – September 24, 1918) was an American farmer and politician from New Jersey.

## Life

Gaunt was born on the Homestead Farm in Mantua Township, New Jersey on September 2, 1865, the son of John Gaunt Jr. and Elizabeth Colson French.
Gaunt attended public school in the Harrison Township and the Deptford School in Woodbury. He was active with agricultural organizations, including the Grange; he was Master of the New Jersey State Grange, lecturer of the National Grange, and High Priest of Demeter. In his sixteen years as Master of the State Grange, the State Grange's membership grew from 3,000 to 25,000. He resided in the Homestead Farm he was born in until 1901, when he bought a farm in Mullica Hill. He worked as a farmer there. He was also president of the Rural Telephone Company.
In 1908, Gaunt was elected to the New Jersey Senate as a Republican, representing Gloucester County. He served in the Senate in 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, and 1917. He was considered an authority on agricultural matters, and before his election to the Senate he spoke before Senate committees on agricultural and dairy interests in the state. In his first year in the Senate, he successfully passed the Trolley Freight Bill. He subsequently was actively involved in Public Utility, Cold Storage, the Commission on Tuberculosis in Animals, and Good Roads and Automobile legislation, and passed the Fifty-year Franchise act. When William T. Read resigned from the Senate in March 1916, he was chosen to replace Read as President of the Senate. In that position, he served as Acting Governor while Governor James Fairman Fielder. Under the provisions of the Federal Reserve Act, he was elected a director of the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia. He was re-elected director for a three-year term in 1915. He was a delegate to the 1916 Republican National Convention, and by the time he died he was a member of the State Highways Commission and the State Board of Agriculture.
In 1888, Gaunt married Anna G. West. They had one surviving child, J. Webber.
Gaunt died at home on September 24, 1918. His death was due to spinal injuries he received two years previously while serving as a volunteer fireman. The honorary pallbearers in his funeral included New Jersey Governor Walter Evans Edge, U.S. Senators Joseph S. Frelinghuysen Sr. and David Baird Sr., Congressman William J. Browning, State Senator Edward L. Sturgess, State Treasurer William T. Read, and New Jersey Anti-Saloon League secretary Dr. J. K. Shields. He was buried in the Friends' Cemetery in Mullica Hill.
# Marion Bethune

Marion Bethune (April 8, 1816 – February 20, 1895) was a slave owner and U.S. Representative from Georgia.

## Life

Born near Greensboro, Georgia, Bethune attended private schools and De Hagan's Academy. He moved with his widowed mother to Talbotton, Georgia, in 1829. He engaged in mercantile pursuits. He studied law. He was admitted to the bar in 1842 and commenced practice at Talbotton. Probate judge of Talbot County from 1852 to 1868, when he voluntarily retired. He served as member of the constitutional convention of Georgia at the time of the repeal of the ordinance of secession. He served as member of the State house of representatives 1867–1871.
Bethune was elected as a Republican to the Forty-first Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the House declaring that William P. Edwards was not entitled to the seat and served from December 22, 1870, to March 3, 1871. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1870 to the Forty-second Congress. He resumed the practice of law. He was an unsuccessful candidate for election in 1872 to the Forty-third Congress. United States census supervisor in 1890. He died in Talbotton, Georgia, February 20, 1895. He was interred in Oakhill Cemetery.
# Herbert Clifton Blue

Herbert Clifton "Cliff" Blue (August 28, 1910 – March 10, 1990) was an American newspaper editor, publisher, owner and politician.

## Life and career

Blue was born to John Patrick Blue and Christian Stewart Blue in Moore County, North Carolina, on August 28, 1910. He served nine terms in the North Carolina General Assembly after first being elected in 1947, and as Speaker of the House during the 1963 session. He died on March 10, 1990, in Pinehurst, North Carolina. A portion of U.S. Route 1 in Aberdeen, North Carolina, close to his former home has been dedicated as H. Clifton Blue Memorial Highway in honor of his contributions to the region.
# Wallqayuq Urqu

Wallqayuq Urqu (Quechua wallqa collar, -yuq a suffix, urqu mountain, "the mountain with a collar", also spelled Huallcayo(j) Orkho) is a 4,124-metre-high (13,530 ft) mountain in the Bolivian Andes. It is located in the Chuquisaca Department, on the border of the Azurduy Province, Tarvita Municipality, and the Jaime Zudáñez Province, Icla Municipality. Wallqayuq Kimray lies west of Wisk'achani and northeast of Wanaku Kimray. The Phaqcha Mayu ("waterfall river") originates south of the mountain. It flows to the south as an affluent of the Qucha Mayu ("lake river") which downstream is named San José. It is a left tributary of the Pillku Mayu (Quechua for "red river").
# The Gathering at South Forsyth

The Gathering at South Forsyth is a proposed mixed-use development in the Atlanta metropolitan area to be located in Forsyth County, Georgia near the city of Alpharetta. The centerpiece of the development is an 18,000-seat arena, intended to bring a National Hockey League franchise back to the Atlanta area.
The Gathering at South Forsyth is modeled after The Battery Atlanta, a mixed-use development in Cobb County anchored by Truist Park, home of the Atlanta Braves of Major League Baseball.

## History

In 2023, rumors of an NHL team returning to Atlanta began to emerge from ESPN analyst John Buccigross as hints were dropped about Atlanta coming back to the NHL for the first time since the Atlanta Thrashers left in 2011.
On April 17, 2023, Vernon Krause, an Atlanta area businessman and CEO of Krause Sports & Entertainment, announced plans to build an entertainment center called The Gathering at South Forsyth which includes an arena built for a potential NHL team. The Gathering is planned to be built on an undeveloped 100-acre (40 ha) tract of land originally zoned for a shopping center at the intersection of Ronald Reagan Boulevard and Union Hill Road, off Georgia State Route 400 near the Forsyth–Fulton County line. If built, the arena would sit 18,000 for hockey and 20,000 for concerts. A week later, on April 25, the Forsyth County Board approved plans to move forward with the project.
Then in December 2023, fellow ESPN analyst Kevin Weekes revealed more details on The Gathering at South Forsyth which said the plans would move forward. In January 2024, The county commissioners voted 4 to 1 to move plans forward again on the massive complex which would cost $2 billion; the county also approved upwards of $390 million of public funds towards the project on the condition that Krause secures an NHL franchise. Krause held a public forum on the Forsyth campus of Lanier Technical College on March 19, 2024, seeking input from Forysth County residents regarding The Gathering development ahead of the Forsyth County Board of Commissioners meeting the following week. Although the Board of Commissioners approved a revised memorandum of understanding during their March 26 meeting, which included reducing the county's maximum contribution for the project to $225 million, Krause expressed disappointment over last-minute changes to the MOU.
In March 2024, details on the cost of the arena came out which said that the arena would cost $700 million and that ASM Global would manage the arena, a group that has managed other arenas such as, T-Mobile Arena and Crypto.com Arena. In the November 2024 general elections, residents of Forsyth County voted 56–44 in favor of granting the county redevelopment powers over The Gathering at South Forsyth, creating a tax allocation district to repay the county's bonds towards the project.
Also in March, former NHL player Anson Carter and his new group Alpharetta Sports & Entertainment revealed a competing bid for a potential Atlanta NHL expansion team; Carter's proposal would be located at the site of the North Point Mall, six miles (10 km) south of The Gathering at South Forsyth site.
# Old Connaught House

Old Connaught House is an 18th-century house located in Rathmichael, Dublin, Ireland.
Though originally built for bishop William Gore, shortly after his death in 1784 it was leased by William Plunket (later Baron Plunket). The house was occupied by the Plunket family for several generations.
The house was sold to the Congregation of Christian Brothers in 1946 and was in use from 1946-72 as a novitiate school before being sold on again.
The house remained unoccupied for several years before being leased to a non-profit equestrian organisation.
It was sold in 2000, renovated, and is now a development of 24 apartments in the main house with a further 26 apartments in a separate building within the grounds.
The townland of Old Connaught was identified by Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown County Council as an 'Historic Landscape Character Area' (HLCA) in their Draft County Development Plan 2022-2028.
# UFC on FX: Maynard vs. Guida

UFC on FX: Maynard vs. Guida (also known as UFC on FX 4) was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship on June 22, 2012 in Revel Casino in Atlantic City, New Jersey.

## Background

The main event consists of a five-round, non-championship, bout between Clay Guida and Gray Maynard. This was Guida's first fight since losing to future UFC Lightweight Champion Benson Henderson on November 12, 2011 at UFC on Fox 1. Maynard's previous bout was on October 8, 2011 at UFC 136, against then UFC Lightweight Champion Frankie Edgar.
The event was the seventh that the UFC has hosted in Atlantic City, but the first since UFC 53 in 2005.
Rich Attonito was expected to face Rick Story at the event. However, Attonito was forced out of the bout with an injury and replaced by Papy Abedi. Abedi was also forced out of the fight with an injury and replaced by newcomer Brock Jardine.
Jimy Hettes was expected to face Steven Siler at the event. However, Hettes was forced out of the bout with an injury and replaced by newcomer Joey Gambino.
Matt Riddle was expected to face Luis Ramos in the event. However, Riddle was forced out of the bout with an injury and replaced by Matt Brown.
Edwin Figueroa was expected to face Ken Stone at the event. However, Figueroa was forced out of the bout with an injury and replaced by Francisco Rivera. Rivera was injured as well and was replaced by Dustin Pague, who had just fought and won at UFC on FX: Johnson vs. McCall two weeks before this event.

## Results

* ↑ Keith failed to make the 156 pound lightweight limit, weighing in at 157 pounds.

## Bonus awards

Fighters were awarded $50,000 bonuses.
* Fight of the Night: Sam Stout vs. Spencer Fisher
* Knockout of the Night: Cub Swanson
* Submission of the Night: Dan Miller
# Reiner Scholl

Reiner Scholl (born 31 May 1961) is a West German sprint canoeist who competed from the mid to late 1980s. He won a complete set of medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a gold (K-2 500 m: 1986), a silver (K-4 500 m: 1989), and a bronze (K-4 500 m: 1987).
Scholl also competed in two Summer Olympics, earning his best finish of fourth in the K-2 500 m event at Seoul in 1988.