OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Horatio C. Burchard

Horatio Chapin Burchard (September 22, 1825 – May 14, 1908) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois, 15th Director of the United States Mint, member of the International Statistical Institute, and father of the Consumer Price Index (CPI).

## Biography

Born in Marshall, New York, Burchard attended the public schools and private preparatory schools. He was graduated from Hamilton College, Clinton, New York, in 1850. He was a member of the Chi Psi fraternity at Hamilton. He studied law. He was admitted to the bar in 1854 and commenced practice in Freeport, Illinois.
He married Jane Lawver on May 15, 1861, and they had one son.
He served as member of the Illinois House of Representatives 1863-1866. Burchard was elected as a Republican to the Forty-first Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Elihu B. Washburne. He was reelected to the Forty-second and to the three succeeding Congresses and served from December 6, 1869 to March 3, 1879. During his time in the U.S. House of Representatives, he was appointed a member of the powerful Ways and Means Committee where he was made Chairman of the Subcommittee on Internal Revenue. Under his Chairmanship of the Subcommittee on Internal Revenue, the first legislation proposing a peacetime income tax was sponsored and debated. However, no income tax legislation was successful passed during his Chairmanship. He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1878.
He served as director of the United States Mint 1879-1885. During his tenure as the Director of the U.S. Mint, he created the Consumer Price Index (CPI), a measurement tool that has become ubiquitous in business and economics. He resumed the practice of law in Freeport. He served as member of the commission to revise the State revenue laws in 1885 and 1886. He was placed in charge of the jury of awards of the mining department of the World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago in 1893.
Burchard's wife Jane died on November 17, 1892. He died in Freeport on May 14, 1908, and was interred in Oakland Cemetery.
# The World of James Herriot

World of James Herriot Ltd is a visitor attraction in the former Thirsk home and veterinary surgery of author James Herriot.
Displays include recreations of James Herriots 1940s flat; depictions of rural life and veterinary practice at the time, together with sets and props used for the 1978 BBC All Creatures Great and Small television series based on his books.

## History

In 1995, Hambleton District Council spent £1.4 million purchasing 23 Kirkgate, depicted by James Herriot as Skeldale House, and refurbishing it.
It opened in 1999 but was soon threatened with closure. In 2011, operation transferred to the not-for-profit World of James Herriot Ltd led by Ian Ashton and as of 2022, the directors include James Herriot's real life son and daughter. Hambleton District Council retains ownership of the building.
In 2019, The World of James Herriot received 35,000 visitors and reportedly benefitted from interest in the series The Yorkshire Vet, on Channel 5.
Management closed the attraction to visitors during the COVID-19 pandemic but anticipated boosts from the broadcast of a new All Creatures Great and Small series in the UK in September 2020, and in the US in 2021. By early 2021, VisitBritain was using the phrase "Discover 'All Creatures Great and Small' in Yorkshire".
In 2020, Hambleton District Council granted a subsidised 30-year lease to the operators.

## Gallery

* The World of James Herriot
* Practice sign at the World of James Herriot
* Blue plaque at the World of James Herriot
* Set for the 1978 BBC All Creatures Great And Small series

## The James Herriot Foundation Trust

World of James Herriot established the James Herriot Foundation Trust in 2018 to provide bursary awards for people wishing to become veterinary nurses, with the assistance of sponsors.
# Selbach, Rio Grande do Sul

Selbach is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. As of 2020, the estimated population was 5,107.

## Minority language

Since its foundation and pioneering days, the Riograndenser Hunsrückisch language, a Brazilian variety of German largely based on the Rhine Franconian has been present in this community.
There are many other municipalities with this bilingual profile throughout the state. In 2012 the state chamber of deputies voted unanimously in favor of recognizing this Germanic dialect an official historical culture good to be preserved.
Selbach in fact is named after Selbach, a municipality in Rhineland-Palatinate, in western Germany.
# Küşär

Küşär (Tatar: Күшәр, romanized: Küşär) is a rural locality (a selo) in Ätnä District, Tatarstan. The population was 635 as of 2010.

## Geography

Küşär is located 8 km northeast of Olı Ätnä, district's administrative centre, and 83 km north of Qazan, republic's capital, by road.

## History

The village already existed during the period of the Khanate of Qazan.
From 18th to the first half of the 19th centuries village's residents belonged to the social estate of state peasants.
By the beginning of the twentieth century, village had a mosque, a madrasa, a watermill, a blacksmith shop and 4 small shops.
Before the creation of the Tatar ASSR in 1920 was a part of Qazan Uyezd of Qazan Governorate. Since 1920 was a part of Arça Canton; after the creation of districts in Tatar ASSR (Tatarstan) in Tuqay (later Ätnä) (1930–1959), Tuqay (former Qızıl Yul) (1959–1963), Arça (1963–1990) and Ätnä districts.
# Yoshikane

Yoshikane is a masculine Japanese given name.

## Written forms

Yoshikane can be written using different combinations of kanji characters. Here are some examples:
* 義金, "justice, gold"
* 義兼, "justice, simultaneous"
* 義鐘, "justice, bell"
* 吉金, "good luck, gold"
* 吉兼, "good luck, simultaneous"
* 吉鐘, "good luck, bell"
* 善金, "virtuous, gold"
* 善兼, "virtuous, simultaneous"
* 善鐘, "virtuous, bell"
* 芳金, "virtuous/fragrant, gold"
* 芳兼, "virtuous/fragrant, simultaneous"
* 芳鐘, "virtuous/fragrant, abell"
* 良金, "good, gold"
* 良兼, "good, simultaneous"
* 良鐘, "good, bell"
* 芳兼, "virtuous/fragrant, simultaneous"
* 喜金, "rejoice, gold"
* 慶兼, "congratulate, simultaneous"
The name can also be written in hiragana よしかね or katakana ヨシカネ.

## Notable people with the name

* Yoshikane Ashikaga (足利 義兼, 1154–1199), Japanese samurai
* Yoshikane Fujiwara (藤原 義懐, 957–1021), Japanese noble
* Yoshikane Mizuno (水野 義兼, born 1954), Japanese astronomer
# UMhlobo Wenene FM

UMhlobo Wenene FM (UWFM) is a South African radio station, providing news, sports, and entertainment broadcasts in isiXhosa. The station broadcasts 24/7 on Channel 818 on DStv. It is the second-largest radio station in South Africa, with 4 million listeners.
Broadcasting began on May 6, 1960, from the city of Port Elizabeth (now Gqeberha), under the name Radio Xhosa, before a renaming following the fall of apartheid and the 1994 election.
The station has a broadcasting license from ICASA (Independent Communications Authority of South Africa).
The station has received a number of awards.
The word "Umhlobo wenene" is a Xhosa word meaning "True Friend"
# Pratica(mente)

Pratica(mente) is a 2006 studio album by prominent Portuguese rapper and producer Sam the Kid. It is his first studio album, all of his previous works being recorded in his home.
The album features many prominent Portuguese artists, such as Melo D, Cool Hipnoise, Lil John from Buraka Som Sistema, Kalaf, valete, Cruzfader, NBC, G.Q. and Carlos Bica.
The album's single is called "Poetas de Karaoke".

## Track listing

| # | Title | Featured Guest(s) |
| 1 | "Pratica(mente)" | Viriato Ventura |
| 2 | "A partir de Agora" | DJ Cruzfader |
| 3 | "Juventude (É Mentalidade)" | NBC, Milton Gulli |
| 4 | "Poetas de Karaoke" | GQ |
| 5 | "À procura da perfeita repetição" | DJ Cruzfader |
| 6 | "Abstenção" | |
| 7 | "Negociantes" | Snake & SP |
| 8 | "Retrospectiva de um Amor Profundo" | DJ Cruzfader, Milton Gulli, Marga Munguambe, Cool Hipnoise |
| 9 | "Presta Atenção" | Valete |
| 10 | "Pus-me a pensar" | Lil John & Kalaf |
| 11 | "Ignorância" | |
| 12 | "16/12/95" | |
| 13 | "De repente" | |
| 14 | "Slides (retratos da cidade branca)" | Viriato Ventura |
| 15 | "Slides (referências)" | Melo D & DJ Cruzfader |
| 16 | "Tempo" | NBC & Pacotes |
| 17 | "Hereditário" | |
# Aleksander Midtsian

Aleksander Midtsian (born 2 October 1982) is a Norwegian footballer and coach who plays for Siddis Sportsklubb in Norway as of 2017. Newly appointed manager of Brodd FK, also highest earner at the club.

## New Zealand

Because of a transfer technicality, Midtsian was unable to play in the opening round of the 2003-04 National Soccer League, much to the discomfiture of Football Kingz. He then made his debut in a 1-2 loss to Sydney United, scoring his team's only goal in the 53rd minute.

## Personal life

He is the son of Geir Midtsian.
# Victor Graeff

Victor Graeff is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. As of 2020, the estimated population was 2,860.
# Revision

Revision is the process of modifying and the resulting artifact.
More specifically, it may refer to:
* Patch (computing), a relatively small modification to a computing resource such as software or file, revision (a.k.a. update) refers to any computing resource modification
* Revision control, the management of changes to sets of computer files
* ReVisions, a 2004 anthology of alternate history short stories
* Revision3, a San Francisco-based Internet television network
* Revision (Boxcar album) a remix music album by synthpop group Boxcar
* Revisions (album), an album by the band 3
* Revision (demoparty), a demoparty which takes place on Easter in Saarbrücken, Germany
* "Revisions" (Stargate SG-1), an episode of the Stargate SG-1 science-fiction television series
* Revisions (anime) a 2019 anime television series
* Final Articles Revision Convention (disambiguation), either of two International Labour Organisation conventions
* Revision or revising, a British term for exam preparation
* Taxonomic revision is a novel analysis of the variation patterns in a particular taxon
* Revision (writing), the general process of revising written work, or a version produced by that process
# David Bates (politician)

David E. Bates (born April 21, 1941 – March 8, 2017) was an American politician and a Republican member of the Rhode Island Senate representing District 32 since January 2007. Bates served consecutively from January 1993 until January 2007 in the District 9 and District 44 seats.

## Education

Bates earned his BA degree from the University of Massachusetts Amherst.

## Elections

* 2012 Bates was unopposed for both the September 11, 2012 Republican Primary and the November 6, 2012 General election, winning with 9,926 votes.
* 1992 Initially in District 44, Bates won the September 15, 1992 Republican Primary and won the November 3, 1992 General election with 5,657 votes (56.3%) against Democratic nominee Peter Orlando.
* 1994 Bates was unopposed for both the September 13, 1994 Republican Primary and the November 8, 1994 General election, winning with 6,507 votes.
* 1996 Bates was unopposed for the September 10, 1996 Republican Primary, winning with 464 votes, and won the November 5, 1996 General election with 4,475 votes (73.6%) against Cool Moose Party candidate Matthew Piccerelli.
* 1998 Bates was unopposed for both the September 15, 1998 Republican Primary and the November 3, 1998 General election, winning with 5,617 votes.
* 2000 Bates was unopposed for both the September 12, 2000 Republican Primary and the November 7, 2000 General election, winning with 7,263 votes.
* 2002 Redistricted to District 9, and with incumbent Democratic Senator Charles Walton redistricted to District 2, Bates was unopposed for both the September 10, 2002 Republican Primary, winning with 1,161 votes, and the November 5, 2002 General election, winning with 7,791 votes.
* 2004 Bates was unopposed for the September 14, 2004 Republican Primary and won the November 2, 2004 General election with 7,025 votes (55.4%) against Democratic nominee E. Jenny Flanagan.
* 2006 Redistricted to District 32, and with incumbent Senator Stephen Alves redistricted to District 9, Bates and returning 2004 Democratic challenger E. Jenny Flanagan were both unopposed for their September 12, 2006 primaries, setting up a rematch; Bates won the November 7, 2006 General election with 6,004 votes (50.7%) against Flanagan.
* 2008 Bates was unopposed for the September 9, 2008 Republican Primary and won the November 4, 2008 General election with 6,989 votes (51.3%) against Democratic nominee Lawrence Signore.
* 2010 Bates was unopposed for the September 23, 2010 Republican Primary, winning with 584 votes, and won the November 2, 2010 General election with 5,930 votes (53.6%) against Democratic nominee Jim Hasenfus.
# Charles John Biddle

Charles John Biddle (April 30, 1819 – September 28, 1873) was an American soldier, lawyer, congressman, and newspaper editor.

## Biography

Biddle was born and died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was the son of Nicholas Biddle, president of the Second Bank of the United States, and nephew of Congressman Richard Biddle. Charles Biddle graduated from Princeton in 1837, where he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1840.
Biddle served in the Mexican–American War, serving as captain and company commander in the Regiment of Voltigeurs and Foot Riflemen. He was brevetted to the rank of major for gallantry in the Battle of Chapultepec. At the close of the war, he returned to Philadelphia to practice law.
In May 1861, following the outbreak of the American Civil War and President Abraham Lincoln's call to arms, he was appointed a lieutenant colonel in the Pennsylvania Reserves, rising in May to the rank of colonel in command of the 42nd Pennsylvania Volunteers Infantry (13th Reserves), also known as the 1st Pennsylvania Rifles. In October of that year he was elected to the Thirty-seventh United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Edward J. Morris. He was tendered a commission as a brigadier general, but declined it, and then resigned from the army in February 1862.
After the war, he became one of the proprietors and editor-in-chief of the Philadelphia Age, and retained that position for the remainder of his life. His literary work was confined mainly to editorial contributions to the columns of this journal. His only separate publication was The Case of Major André, a carefully prepared essay read before the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, which vindicated the action of George Washington. The immediate occasion was a passage in Lord Mahon's History of England that denounced the execution of André as the greatest blot upon Washington's record. By an authority so high as the London Critic, this essay was subsequently pronounced a fair refutation of Lord Mahon's charge.
# The Pilot and His Wife

The Pilot and His Wife (Norwegian: Lodsen og hans Hustru; 1874) is a novel by Norwegian author Jonas Lie. It portrays the life of the sailor both at home and abroad and describes varied experiences at sea as well as in distant ports. The work is noted for its vigor of description. With a background of ocean waves, it is a story of married life.

## Plot

Salve Kristiansen loves a beautiful woman named Elisabeth and is evidently loved in return. For a time Elisabeth is attracted to a young officer who wishes to marry her. Her love for Salve prevails, however, and Elisabeth spurns the officer, but Salve, in desperation, has left his native land and is sailing toward foreign shores. After some years he returns to his home and finds that Elisabeth has been true to him. He marries her.
However, the thought of Elisabeth's momentary hesitation does not leave Salve, and this unfortunate circumstance makes life miserable for both. Ten years elapse before the husband and wife finally come to a clear understanding and a genuine appreciation of one another, and now at last are enabled to lay the foundation for a happy life together. The novel emphasizes the need of implicit confidence and trust, if two persons united in wedlock are to live happily together.
# Wood Material Science and Engineering

Wood Material Science and Engineering is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of wood science, engineering, and technology. It is published by Taylor & Francis and the editor-in-chief is Dick Sandberg of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). The journal was established in 2006.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
* CAB Abstracts
* Current Contents/Engineering, Computing & Technology
* EBSCO databases
* Ei Compendex
* Inspec
* ProQuest databases
* Science Citation Index Expanded
* Scopus
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 2.2.
# Pirates and Emperors

Pirates and Emperors, Old and New: International Terrorism in the Real World is a 1986 book by Noam Chomsky, titled after an observation by St. Augustine in City of God, proposing that what governments coin as "terrorism" in the small simply reflects what governments utilize as "warfare" in the large. Yet, governments coerce their populations to denounce the former while embracing the latter. In the City of God, St. Augustine tells the story
   Indeed, that was an apt and true reply which was given to Alexander the Great by a pirate who had been seized. For when that king had asked the man what he meant by keeping hostile possession of the sea, he answered with bold pride, "What do you mean by seizing the whole earth; because I do it with a petty ship, I am called a robber, while you who does it with a great fleet are styled emperor".
This story also appears in John Gower's Confessio Amantis III.2363–2438 and in a poem by François Villon.
The book was republished by Haymarket Books in April 2015.
# Julius W. Blackwell

Julius W. Blackwell (born c. 1797; death date unknown) was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives that represented fourth and third districts of Tennessee in the United States House of Representatives.

## Biography

Blackwell was born in Virginia in approximately 1797 and attended the public schools. He moved to Tennessee and settled in Athens, McMinn County. He was a coppersmith by trade. He owned slaves. He married Mahala D.

## Career

Blackwell was elected as a Democrat by the fourth district to the Twenty-sixth Congress, which lasted from March 4, 1839, to March 3, 1841. He was an unsuccessful candidate for re-election to the Twenty-seventh Congress in 1840.
After the number of electoral districts Tennessee held had been reduced and reapportioned, he was elected by Tennessee's third district to the Twenty-eighth Congress, which lasted from March 4, 1843, to March 3, 1845. He was an unsuccessful candidate for re-election to the Twenty-ninth Congress in 1844.

## Death

The date, and the location of his death is unknown as well as the place of his interment.
# Jack (2013 film)

Jack is a Canadian television film, which debuted on CBC Television on March 10, 2013. A biopic of the late Jack Layton, the film stars Rick Roberts as Layton and Sook-Yin Lee as Olivia Chow. The film was originally announced in 2012 as Smilin' Jack: The Jack Layton Story.
The film was directed by Jeff Woolnough, and written by Shelley Eriksen and Andrew Wreggitt. The Parachute Club's 1983 hit single "Rise Up" is the opening theme music.
Both Roberts and Lee won Canadian Screen Awards for their performances at the 2nd Canadian Screen Awards, Roberts as Best Lead Actor in a Television Film or Miniseries and Lee as Best Lead Actress in a Television Film or Miniseries.

## Cast

* Rick Roberts as Jack Layton
* Sook-Yin Lee as Olivia Chow
* Zachary Bennett as Brad Lavigne
* Joel S. Keller as Karl Bélanger
* Wendy Crewson as Anne McGrath
* Judah Katz as Brian Topp
Victoria Snow, Brittany Scobie, Conrad Sweatman, Erin Karpluk and Diana Ha also appeared.

## Production and filming

Film for Jack was announced on November 17, 2011. Jack was filmed in Winnipeg.

## Reception

The Globe and Mail called Jack a "varnished version of Mr. Layton", while John Doyle of the same periodical, wrote "[Jack Layton] moved us; the biopic [on him], not so much".
# Jalalabad, Zarand

Jalalabad (Persian: جلال اباد) is a village in Yazdanabad Rural District of Yazdanabad District, Zarand County, Kerman province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 1,902 in 443 households. The following census in 2011 counted 1,976 people in 557 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 2,177 people in 636 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
# Syllepte nigriflava

Syllepte nigriflava is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Charles Swinhoe in 1894. It is found in the Indian states of Meghalaya and Sikkim.

## Description

The wingspan is about 30 millimetres (1.2 in). Adults are orange, the forewings without a spot in the cell. The discocellular spot of both wings, the antemedial line of the forewings and the postmedial lines of both wings are black and the outer area and margin are unmarked.
# Bolosaurus

Bolosaurus (from Ancient Greek bolos, "lump" + sauros: lizard]) is an extinct genus of bolosaurid reptile from the Cisuralian epoch (middle Sakmarian to early Kungurian stages) of North Asia and North America (Red Beds of Texas and Oklahoma).

## Geological and environmental information

The Permian period is characterized by the presence of a single supercontinent called Pangea. Pangaea stretched from pole to pole, and thus created a single great ocean called Panthalassa, and the Paleo-Tethys Ocean, which was located between Asia and Gondwana. The single gigantic continental landmass created extreme climates, which are characterized by extreme variations of heat and cold, as well as highly seasonal monsoon conditions in some parts of the supercontinent. Not all regions received abundant rainfalls, and deserts were widespread on Pangaea. Such climate patterns favored gymnosperms over plants that use spore dispersion.

## Historical information / discovery

The first Bolosaurus was described by Edward Drinker Cope in 1878. His article "Descriptions of Extinct Batrachia and Reptilia from the Permian Formation of Texas" mentioned the findings of crushed skull and few vertebrae of Bolosaurus striatus and Bolosaurus rapidens (Cope 1878). The imperfect skull of Bolosaurus major was found by Robert Broom in 1911 and was published in his article "On the structure and Affinities of Bolosaurus" in 1913 (Broom, 1913), however it was only described in detail over 100 years later. In 1974 a bolosaurid maxilla was found by Tartarinov in Mylva River, Komi, Russia and was named Bolosaurus traati (Tartarinov 1974). The most recent Bolosaurus species to have been discovered was by Robert R. Reisz, who found the jawbones of Bolosaurus grandis and published it in 2002 (Reisz 2002).

## Description and paleobiology

Skull: The skulls of Bolosaurus are basically triangular in form. The skull is wider and higher in the posterior region, while the anterior snout terminates bluntly. The orbits are large and circular in outline. Teeth: Tooth planted in shallow cavity with its crowns expanded transversely to the jaw axis. In the upper jaw, the posterior internal half of the maxillary series is low and horizontal, forming a ledge. The anterior external part forms into a cusp. The teeth of the lower jaw are different from those of the upper jaw via reversed position of ledge and cusp. This pattern suggests that Bolosaurus was herbivorous in diet (Cope, 1878). The best preserved specimen showed a total of 16 teeth (Case 1907).
In 2024, a detailed anatomical study was published of Bolosaurus major which showed that this animal had a partial secondary palate, which may have allowed it to bite very hard. A similar structure is seen in the bolosaurid Belebey vegrandis