OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Notre-Dame-des-Neiges

Notre-Dame-des-Neiges (French pronunciation:) is a municipality in Quebec, Canada. It encircles the city of Trois-Pistoles and includes the offshore Île aux Basques.

## Geography

Notre-Dame-des-Neiges is located on the southern shore of the St. Lawrence River, 250 km northeast of Quebec City. Important towns near Notre-Dame-des-Neiges are Rivière-du-Loup 45 km to the south-west and Rimouski 60 km to the northeast. Notre-Dame-des-Neiges is located on Route 293 which connects Trois-Pistoles to Route 232 between Trois-Pistoles to the northwest and Saint-Jean-de-Dieu to the southeast. The territory of Notre-Dame-des-Neiges covers an area of 94.44 km2.
The territory of the municipality of Notre-Dame-des-Neiges partially overlooks the St. Lawrence River and almost completely enclaves the city of Trois-Pistoles. It is part of the regional county municipality of Les Basques in the administrative region of Bas-Saint-Laurent and is crossed by the Trois Pistoles river.

## Demographics
### Language

Canada Census Mother Tongue - Notre-Dame-des-Neiges, Quebec :
| Census | Total | French | French | French | English | English | English | French & English | French & English | French & English | Other | Other | Other |
| Year | Responses | Count | Trend | Pop % | Count | Trend | Pop % | Count | Trend | Pop % | Count | Trend | Pop % |
| 2021 | 1,195 | 1,180 | 9.3% | 98.7% | 5 | 0.0% | 0.4% | 5 | n/a% | 0.4% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| 2016 | 1,085 | 1,080 | 4.0% | 99.5% | 5 | 0.0% | 0.5% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| 2011 | 1,130 | 1,125 | 5.1% | 99.6% | 5 | 50.0% | 0.4% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0 | 100.0% | 0.0% |
| 2006 | 1,205 | 1,185 | 8.5% | 98.3% | 10 | n/a% | 0.8% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 10 | n/a% | 0.8% |
| 2001 | 1,295 | 1,295 | 1.1% | 100.0% | 0 | 100.0% | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| 1996 | 1,320 | 1,310 | n/a | 99.2% | 10 | n/a | 0.8% | 0 | n/a | 0.0% | 0 | n/a | 0.0% |
# Daniel Blatman

Daniel Blatman is an Israeli historian, specializing in history of the Holocaust. Blatman is the head of the Institute for Contemporary Jewry at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

## Career History

Blatman was a visiting scholar at the Centre for European Studies at Harvard University, 2012–13.

## Books

* The Death Marches. The Final Phase of Nazi Genocide, Cambridge Mass. and London: Harvard University Press, 2011

## Criticism of the Israeli Government

In association with the 2023 Israeli judicial reform the Likud-led far-right coalition were compared to Germany in the 1930s by some journalists and historians in Israel including by Daniel Blatman, an Israeli historian, specializing in history of the Holocaust, and head of the Institute for Contemporary Jewry at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. When interviewed by Ayelett Suhani for Haaretz, Blatman said "Israel's government has neo-Nazi ministers. It really does recall Germany in 1933". His remarks drew some international attention from long-standing critics of Israel. However, he was referring specifically to the authoritarian aspects of 1930s Germany, he did not draw direct connections to the ghettos or the Holocaust.
He is listed in the signatures on the open letter "STATEMENT OF GENOCIDE SCHOLARS ON ISRAEL-PALESTINE" from 21 May 2021.
In 2016 he criticised Benjamin Netanyahu for referring to removal of Israeli settlers from the West Bank as "ethnic cleansing". This triggered a discourse with Benny Morris, in which Blatman asserted that ethnic cleansing had been done by Israel in 1948.

## Prizes

* 1991: The Pridan Prize for Studies in East European Jewish History, Hebrew University.
* 1993: Jakob Buchman Prize for the Memory of the Holocaust
* 2011: Yad Vashem International Book Prize for Holocaust Research
# Intransitive case

In grammar, the intransitive case (abbreviated INTR), also denominated passive case or patient case, is a grammatical case used in some languages to mark the argument of an intransitive verb, but not used with transitive verbs. It is generally seen in languages that display tripartite nominal morphologies; it contrasts with the nominative and absolutive cases employed in other languages' morphosyntax to mark the argument of intransitive clauses.
As a distinct intransitive case has zero marking in all languages known to have one, and is the citation form of the noun, it is frequently called absolutive, a word used for an unmarked citation-form argument in various case systems.
# Evert Dolman

Evert "Eef" Gerardus Dolman (22 February 1946 – 12 May 1993) was a Dutch racing cyclist, who won the gold medal in the 100 km team trial at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan, alongside Gerben Karstens, Bart Zoet, and Jan Pieterse. His sporting career began with Apollo Rotterdam. He became Dutch champion in 1967 and 1968, but was later stripped of his 1967 title because of doping.
He said in an interview with the Dutch magazine Wielerrevue that his racing career had been undermined by drug-taking and what he described as the witch-hunt conducted in the first years of drug-testing in the 1960s.

## Palmarès
### 1964

    Olympic title team time trial

### 1965

    Ronde van Noord-Holland
    Ronde van Limburg

### 1966

    World amateur road race champion
    Ronde van Gelderland
    Tour de Namur

### 1967

    Stage 6 of Vuelta a España

### 1968

    Goirle
    Dutch National Road Race Championship
    Ulestraten

### 1969

    1st stage of Tour de Luxembourg
    Mijl van Mares
    Monaco

### 1970

    Kortenhoef

### 1971

    Tour of Flanders
# Jacob Schriever

Jacob Schriever (12 April 1903 – 22 April 1964) was a Dutch fencer. He competed in the team sabre event at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
# Thermocladium

In taxonomy, Thermocladium is a genus of the Thermoproteaceae.
# Guus Scheffer

August "Guus" Scheffer (24 November 1898 – 1 November 1952) was a Dutch weightlifter. He competed at the 1924 and 1928 Summer Olympics in the lightweight and middleweight categories and finished in seventh and third place, respectively.
# Bert Boom

Albertus "Bert" Boom (born 6 May 1938) is a retired cyclist from the Netherlands. He won the UCI Motor-paced World Championships in 1969 and finished in third place in 1971.
He competed until 1980 but with less success. After retiring he worked as a technician with professional cycling teams and ran a bicycle shop Bert Boom Race. Around 1987 he became a promoting agent with Gazelle and Shimano. Later he worked as technical assistant for disabled basketball teams (wheelchairs) and cyclists and in this capacity was involved in international competitions and the 1996 Summer Olympics.
His brothers Hans and Henk and son Bart are retired road cyclists.
# Simon Bon

Simon Bon (1 February 1904 – 17 June 1987) was a Dutch rower. He competed at the 1924 and 1928 Summer Olympics in the men's eight and coxless four, respectively, but failed to reach the finals.
His son Piet was also an Olympic rower.
# Alex Boegschoten

Alexander Boegschoten (born 15 July 1956 in Hilversum) is a former water polo player from the Netherlands, who won the bronze medal with the Dutch Men's Team at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
# SSCV Thialf

SSCV Thialf is a huge semi-submersible crane vessel operated by the Netherlands-based Heerema Marine Contractors; it was the largest crane vessel in the world until the SSCV Sleipnir became the largest in 2019.

## History

The ship was constructed in 1985 as DB-102 for McDermott International by Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. In 1997, it was taken over by Heerema Marine Contractors after discontinuation of their joint venture with McDermott, HeereMac, and renamed Thialf.

## Layout

The Thialf has two cranes with a combined maximum lifting capacity of 14,200 metric tons (14,000 long tons; 15,700 short tons).
It is equipped with a class III dynamic positioning system. Propulsion and position keeping is by six 5,500-kW retractable azimuthing thrusters. For shallow waters, there are 12 Flipper Delta anchors at 22.5 t, with 2,500 meters (8,200 ft), 80 mm mooring wire.
The hull consists of two pontoons with four columns each. Transit draft is about 12 meters (39 ft). For lifting operations, it is normally ballasted down to 26.6 m (87 ft 3 in). This way the pontoons (with a draft of 13.6 m, 44 ft 7 in) are well submerged to reduce the effect of waves and swell.
It is able to accommodate 736 people.
Its lightship weight is 72,484 t.

## Noteworthy projects

* Installing the pylon of the Erasmus Bridge in 1995.
* Decommissioning of the Brent Spar in 1998.
* In 2000, it set a world record of 11,883 t by lifting Shell's Shearwater topsides, beaten by Saipem 7000 in 2004 with the Sabratha deck lifting of 12,150 t.
* In 2004, it installed the topsides on BP's Holstein, at the time the world's largest spar. The lift was a record for the Gulf of Mexico: 7,810 t. The current record for Gulf of Mexico is now held by the Saipem 7000 with the 9,521 t of PEMEX PB-KU-A2 deck installed in March 2007.
* In 2005, it installed the heaviest single piece foundation piles: 2.74 meters diameter × 190 meters long, weighing 818 t each for Chevron's Benguela Belize compliant tower.
* In 2009, the ship became involved in the Alpha Ventus project, the first German offshore windfarm.
* 2017-2018: Thialf was involved in the installation of the platform sections of the Johan Sverdrup Complex, part of the development of the Johan Sverdrup oil field.

## Footnotes

* ↑ "Thialf". Ugly Ships. 14 May 2010. Retrieved 26 March 2011.
* ↑ "DCV Thialf". Heerema Marine Contractors. Archived from the original on 23 June 2012. Retrieved 26 March 2011.
* ↑ "DCV Thialf". Marine Traffic. Retrieved 26 March 2011.
* ↑ "American Bureau of Shipping Record, Thialf". Archived from the original on April 20, 2009.
* ↑ "Lloyd's Register EMEA assists world record lift for Sabratha topsides installation". Lloyd register. Archived from the original on March 3, 2007.
* ↑ "Saipem Sets New Record in Mexico".
* ↑ "Special projects thanks to Dutch offshore contractors".
# 393rd Infantry Division

The 393rd Infantry Division (German: 393. Infanterie-Division) was an infantry division of the German army during World War II. It existed between March and August 1940.

## History

The 393rd Infantry Division was formed on 10 March 1940 as one of the Landesschützen divisions of the ninth wave of deployment. The division was initially headquartered at Warsaw in German-occupied Poland; its staff personnel was mainly drawn from the staff of the 423rd z.b.V. Division. The 393rd Infantry Division initially consisted of three infantry regiments (Infantry Regiment 659, Infantry Regiment 660, Infantry Regiment 661) as well as an artillery battery, a reconnaissance squadron and a signals company.$^{:67}$ The division's recruits were mainly drawn from older conscripts.$^{:260}$ The initial divisional commander was Theodor Freiherr von Wrede, who had already been the commander of the previous 423rd Division. Von Wrede was replaced by Karl von Oven on 16 May 1940.
From November 1939 to May 1940, it was placed under the supervision of the Higher Command XXXVI, along with the 218th and 372nd Infantry Divisions.$^{:213}$
After the German victory in the Battle of France in June 1940, the divisions of the ninth wave were ordered from Poland back to Germany and formally dissolved on 1 August 1940; each of the three regiments of the 393rd Division left behind a guard battalion (also numbered 659, 660 and 661) for continued occupation duty. The rests of the regiments then went on to form two battalions each to guard prisoners of war. These six battalions became the Landesschützen Battalions 494 through 499. The three battalions that had been left behind in Poland were redesignated Landesschützen Battalions 972 through 974. The divisional staff was used to form the staff of the Oberfeldkommandantur 393 in Warsaw, which was to be used for various managerial tasks in the military occupation of that sector.$^{:67}$
Some isolated German reports erroneously referred to the existence of a 393rd Infantry Division after 1940.$^{:260}$
# Thermoproteus

Thermoproteus is a genus of archaeans in the family Thermoproteaceae. These prokaryotes are thermophilic sulphur-dependent organisms related to the genera Sulfolobus, Pyrodictium and Desulfurococcus. They are hydrogen-sulphur autotrophs and can grow at temperatures of up to 95 °C.

## Description and significance

Thermoproteus is a genus of anaerobes that grow in the wild by autotrophic sulfur reduction. Like other hyperthermophiles, Thermoproteus represents a living example of some of Earth's earliest organisms, located at the base of the Archaea.

## Genome structure

Genetic sequencing of Thermoproteus has revealed much about the organism's modes of metabolism. Total genome length is 1.84 Mbp, and the DNA is double-stranded and circular. Genes are arranged in co-transcribed clusters called operons. The Thermoproteus tenax genome has been completely sequenced.

## Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
| 16S rRNA based LTP_06_2022 | 53 marker proteins based GTDB 09-RS220 |
| Thermoproteus T. tenax Zillig & Stetter 1982 T. thermophilus Yim et al. 2015 T. uzoniensis Bonch-Osmolovskaya et al. 2001 | Thermoproteus T. tenax T. uzoniensis |

## Cell structure and metabolism

A significant amount of research has been done on the metabolism of Thermoproteus and other hyperthermophiles as well. Thermoproteus metabolizes autotrophically through sulfur reduction, but it grows much faster by sulfur respiration in cultivation. In T. tenax, a number of metabolic pathways allow the cell to select a mode of metabolism depending on the energy requirements of the cell (depending, for example, on the cell's developmental or growth stage). Like all archaea, Thermoproteus possesses unique membrane lipids, which are ether-linked glycerol derivatives of 20 or 40 carbon branched lipids. The lipids' unsaturations are generally conjugated (as opposed to the unconjugation found in Bacteria and Eukaryota). In Thermosphaera, as in all members of the Crenarchaeota, the membranes are predominated by the 40-carbon lipids that span the entire membrane. This causes the membrane to be composed of monolayers with polar groups at each end. The cells are rod-shaped with diameters of up to 4 micrometres and up to 100 micrometres in length, and reproduce by developing branches on the end of the cell which grow into individual cells. They are motile by flagella.

## Ecology

Members of Thermoproteus are found in acidic hot springs and water holes; they have been isolated in these habitats in Iceland, Italy, North America, New Zealand, the Azores, and Indonesia. Their optimal growth temperature is 85 °C.
# Jean Rossius

Jean Rossius (27 December 1890 – 2 May 1966) was a Belgian road racing cyclist who won five stages in total in the Tour de France. In the 1914 Tour de France he finished in fourth place in the overall classification, his best finishing.

## Major results
### 1914

    Tour de France:
       Winner stages 2 and 9
       Leading general classification for 4 days (joint with Philippe Thys)

### 1919

    Liège-Malmedy-Liège
    Belgian National Road Race Championships
    Tour de France:
       Winner stage 1

### 1920

    Retinne-Spa-Retinne
    Tour de France:
       Winner stages 7 and 15

### 1922

    Paris-Saint-Étienne
# Tassaporn Wannakit

Tassaporn Wannakit (born 23 November 1989) is a Thai athlete specialising in the sprinting events. She won several medals on regional level, primarily in the 4 × 100 metres relay.

## Competition record

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Thailand ||||||
| 2008 | Asian Junior Championships | Jakarta, Indonesia | 2nd | 200 m | 24.43 |
| 2008 | Asian Junior Championships | Jakarta, Indonesia | 1st | 4 × 100 m relay | 45.95 |
| 2008 | World Junior Championships | Bydgoszcz, Poland | 40th (h) | 200 m | 24.86 |
| 2008 | World Junior Championships | Bydgoszcz, Poland | 18th (h) | 4 × 100 m relay | 45.99 |
| 2009 | Asian Championships | Guangzhou, China | 10th (sf) | 200 m | 24.70 |
| 2010 | Asian Games | Guangzhou, China | 10th (h) | 200 m | 24.60 |
| 2011 | Asian Championships | Kobe, Japan | 10th (h) | 200 m | 24.89 |
| 2011 | Universiade | Shenzhen, China | 5th | 4 × 100 m relay | 44.13 |
| 2013 | Asian Championships | Pune, India | 3rd | 4 × 100 m relay | 44.44 |
| 2013 | Universiade | Kazan, Russia | 6th | 4 × 100 m relay | 45.66 |
| 2013 | Southeast Asian Games | Naypyidaw, Myanmar | 3rd | 100 m | 11.91 |
| 2013 | Southeast Asian Games | Naypyidaw, Myanmar | 1st | 4 × 100 m relay | 44.42 |
| 2014 | Asian Games | Incheon, South Korea | 8th | 100 m | 11.76 |
| 2014 | Asian Games | Incheon, South Korea | 4th | 4 × 100 m relay | 44.39 |
| 2015 | Southeast Asian Games | Singapore | 2nd | 100 m | 11.76 |
| 2015 | Southeast Asian Games | Singapore | 1st | 4 × 100 m relay | 44.27 |
| 2015 | Asian Championships | Wuhan, China | 3rd | 4 × 100 m relay | 44.73 |
| 2015 | Universiade | Gwangju, South Korea | 3rd | 4 × 100 m relay | 45.03 |
| 2017 | Asian Championships | Bhubaneswar, India | 15th (sf) | 100 m | 12.47 |
| 2017 | Asian Championships | Bhubaneswar, India | 4th | 4 × 100 m relay | 44.74 |
| 2019 | Asian Championships | Doha, Qatar | 5th | 4 × 100 m relay | 43.99 |
| 2019 | World Relays | Yokohama, Japan | 12th (h) | 4 × 100 m relay | 44.24 |

## Personal bests

Outdoor
* 100 metres – 11.64 (+0.1 m./s) (Andorf 2014)
* 200 metres – 24.41 (0.0 m./s) (Jakarta 2008)
# Sasithorn Hongprasert

Sasithorn Hongprasert (Thai: ศศิธร หงษ์ประเสริฐ; born June 13, 1984, in Bangkok) is a Thai sport shooter. She won a gold medal for the rifle three positions at the 2007 Southeast Asian Games, coincidentally in her home city Bangkok, with a score of 669.5 points.
Hongprasert represented Thailand at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where she competed in two rifle shooting events, along with her teammate Thanyalak Chotphibunsin. She placed thirty-sixth out of forty-seven shooters in the women's 10 m air rifle, with a total score of 390 points. Nearly a week later, Hongprasert competed for her second event, 50 m rifle 3 positions, where she was able to shoot 191 targets in a prone position, 185 in standing, and 190 in kneeling, for a total score of 565 points, finishing only in forty-first place.
# Surasawadee Boonyuen

Surasawadee Boonyuen (Thai: สุรัสวดี บุญยืน, born October 31, 1991, in Udonthani) is a Thai indoor volleyball player. She is a member of the Thailand women's national volleyball team. She placed in fifth place in the 2008 Asian Junior Championship.

## Clubs

* Nakhonnonthaburi (2009–2012)
* Kathu Phuket (2012–2013)
* Ayutthaya A.T.C.C (2013–2015)
* Idea Khonkaen (2015–present)

## Awards
### Clubs

* 2011–12 Thailand League - Champion, with Nakornnontthaburi
* 2013 Thai–Denmark Super League - Bronze medal, with Ayutthaya A.T.C.C
* 2013–14 Thailand League - Bronze medal, with Ayutthaya A.T.C.C
* 2014 Thai–Denmark Super League - Champion. with Ayutthaya A.T.C.C
* 2016 Thai–Denmark Super League - Bronze medal, with Idea Khonkaen
* 2019 Thai–Denmark Super League - Third, with Khonkaen Star
* 2020 Thailand League – Runner-up, with Khonkaen Star
# Noengrothai Chaipetch

Noengrothai Chaipetch (Thai: หนึ่งฤทัย ไชยเพชร; RTGS: Nueng-rue-thai Chaipet, born 1 December 1982) is a female high jumper from Thailand. Her personal best jump is 1.94 metres, achieved in December 2009 in Vientiane, Laos.
She won the bronze medal at the 2003 Asian Championships. She also competed at the 2004 and 2008 Summer Olympics without reaching the final.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| Representing Thailand |||||
| 2003 | Asian Championships | Manila, Philippines | 3rd | 1.84 m |
| 2004 | Olympic Games | Athens, Greece | 21st (q) | 1.89 m |
| 2005 | Asian Indoor Games | Bangkok, Thailand | 1st | 1.88 m |
| 2005 | Southeast Asian Games | Manila, Philippines | 3rd | 1.83 m |
| 2006 | Asian Games | Doha, Qatar | 8th | 1.84 m |
| 2007 | Universiade | Bangkok, Thailand | 15th (q) | 1.70 m |
| 2007 | Asian Indoor Games | Macau | 1st | 1.91 m |
| 2007 | Southeast Asian Games | Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand | 2nd | 1.86 m |
| 2008 | Olympic Games | Beijing, China | 29th (q) | 1.80 m |
| 2009 | Universiade | Belgrade, Serbia | 6th | 1.85 m |
| 2009 | World Championships | Berlin, Germany | 26th (q) | 1.89 m |
| 2009 | Asian Championships | Guangzhou, China | 6th | 1.84 m |
| 2009 | Southeast Asian Games | Vientiane, Laos | 1st | 1.94 m |
| 2010 | Asian Games | Guangzhou, China | 5th | 1.87 m |
| 2011 | Asian Championships | Kobe, Japan | 5th | 1.85 m |
# Naphaswan Yangpaiboon

Naphaswan Yangpaiboon (born 12 May 1988, Chiang Mai) is a Thai sport shooter. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she competed in the Women's 10 metre air pistol and the women's 25 metre pistol. She lost to Rahi Sarnobat in the finals of the women's 25 metre pistol at the 2018 Asian Games and bagged a silver.
# Recession of 1969–1970

The recession of 1969–1970 was a relatively mild recession in the United States. According to the National Bureau of Economic Research, the recession lasted for 11 months, beginning in December 1969 and ending in November 1970. It followed an economic slump that began in 1968.
At the end of the expansion, inflation was rising, possibly a result of increased deficit spending during a period of full employment. This recession coincided with an attempt to start closing the budget deficits of the Vietnam War (fiscal tightening) and the Federal Reserve raising interest rates (monetary tightening).
During this relatively mild recession, the gross domestic product of the United States fell 0.6 percentage points. Though the recession ended in November 1970, the unemployment rate did not peak until the next month. In December 1970, the rate reached its height for the cycle of 6.1 percent.
# Gerda Lassooij

Gerarda ("Gerda") Hendrica Maria Lassooij (born 22 August 1952) is a retired Dutch swimmer. She competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics in the 200 m and 400 m individual medley events, but failed to reach the finals.
After marriage she changed her last name to Nolting.
# Diski Challenge Shield

Diski Challenge Shield, also known as DStv Diski Shield for sponsorship reasons. It was launched in 2018, and it was known as MultiChoice Diski Shield.

## Format

The competition uses the same format as MTN 8, but the difference is that the Semi Finals are played once. They do not have a second leg.

## Champions

| Year | Champions | Runners-up |
| 2018 | Kaizer Chiefs U21 | Mamelodi Sundowns U21 |
| 2019 | Golden Arrows U21 | Mamelodi Sundowns U21 |
| 2022 | Kaizer Chiefs U23 | Stellenbosch U23 |

## Broadcasters

DStv is the only company that broadcasts the matches on their channel Supersport 202.

## Sponsors

When the tournament was launched back in 2018, Multchoice was the title sponsor. When it was launched again after the COVID pandemic in 2022, PSL announced that DStv would be the new title sponsor.
# Corrie Laddé

Cornelia "Corrie" Laddé (27 October 1915 – 18 September 1996) was a Dutch swimmer who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics.
In the 1932 Olympics she won a silver medal in the 4 × 100 m freestyle relay event. She was also fourth in the semifinal of the 100 m freestyle event and did not advance.
She was born in Batavia, Dutch East Indies and died in Bad Ischl, Austria.