OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John O'Dowd (Sligo MP)

John O'Dowd (13 February 1856 – 26 October 1937) was an Irish Nationalist Member of Parliament for North Sligo, March–September 1900, and for South Sligo, 1900–18.

## Life

He was born in Tubbercurry, Co. Sligo but emigrated to the US at an early age, returning in the later 1870s to Bunninadden, Sligo, where he was a farmer and lived for the rest of his life. He was connected with Irish political movements from 1880 onwards and in 1881-82 was imprisoned as a ‘suspect’ under the then coercion legislation.
He was a veteran of the Land League and active in the United Irish League. He was associated with the Irish Republican Brotherhood after his return from the US. For many years he was chairman of Sligo County Council and his son later became accountant to the Council.
He was elected unopposed to represent North Sligo on 7 March 1900 following the resignation of Bernard Collery, and transferred unopposed to his native South Sligo constituency at the general election later that year. He held this seat unopposed through successive general elections until December 1918, when he was defeated by the Sinn Féin candidate Alexander McCabe by 9,113 votes to 1,988. O’Dowd had made representations on McCabe's behalf when the latter had been tried, and acquitted, for possession of explosives. Maume (1999) states that O’Dowd was himself beaten up and severely injured by Sinn Féin supporters on polling day in 1918.
As a local authority representative, O’Dowd was a member of the Irish Convention of 1917–18, which unsuccessfully attempted to reconcile North and South Ireland.
He published a volume of poems, Lays of South Sligo, and contributed poems to T. D. Sullivan’s Weekly News.

## Publication

Lays of South Sligo: A Few Wild Flowers of National Poetry, Dublin, Gill, 1888; 2nd ed. 1889
# Patrick Joseph O'Brien

Patrick Joseph O'Brien (1835 – 10 January 1911) was an Irish Nationalist Member of Parliament for North Tipperary, 1885–1906.
He was the only son of James O'Brien of Nenagh, County Tipperary and of Bridget, daughter of John Gunning Regan. He was educated at local schools and became a hotel proprietor. In 1878 he married Bridget, daughter of Denis Hayes of Ballintoher, Nenagh. He was chairman of the Nenagh Town Commissioners, 1880–87 and 1890–91, and first Catholic Chairman of the Nenagh Board of Guardians, 1885–99. In 1882 he was arrested as a suspect and confined in Naas gaol. Later he was a County Councillor, and Chairman of the District Council, 1899–1900.
He was elected to represent the new seat of North Tipperary, in which Nenagh was situated, in 1885, defeating the Conservative candidate by a margin of 19 to one. He was then returned unopposed in 1886. When the Irish Parliamentary Party split over the leadership of Charles Stewart Parnell in December 1890, O'Brien joined the Anti-Parnellites. In the 1892 general election he was opposed by a Unionist candidate but won by a margin of almost nine to one. Thereafter he was returned unopposed for North Tipperary until he retired at the general election of 1906 owing to failing eyesight. He died on 10 January 1911.
He should not be confused with the better-known Pat O'Brien, who was M.P. for North Monaghan (1886–1892) and Kilkenny City (1895–1917).

## Footnotes

* ↑ Stenton & Lees, 1978; The Times, 11/1/1911.
* ↑ The Times, 11/1/1911

## Sources

Michael Stenton and Stephen Lees, Who’s Who of British Members of Parliament, Vol.2 1886–1918, Sussex, Harvester Press, 1978
The Times (London), 11 January 1911
Brian M. Walker (ed.), Parliamentary Election Results in Ireland, 1801-1922, Dublin, Royal Irish Academy, 1978
# Scottie (disambiguation)

A Scottie or Scottish Terrier is a breed of dog that originated from Scotland.
Scottie may also refer to:

## People

* Scottie Barnes (born 2001), American basketball player
* Scottie Beam (born 1990), American digital producer and model
* Scottie Cuevas (born 1965), American politician
* Scottie Fitzgerald (1921–1986), American journalist and daughter of F. Scott Fitzgerald
* Scottie McKenzie Frasier (1884-1964), American teacher, writer, lecturer, suffragist
* Scottie Graham (born 1969), American football player
* Scottie Hazelton (born 1973), American football coach
* Scottie James (born 1996), American basketball player in the Israeli Basketball Premier League
* Scottie Lindsey (born 1996), American basketball player
* Scottie Mayfield (born 1950/1951), American business executive
* Scottie McClue, radio personality
* Scottie Montgomery (born 1978) American football coach and former player
* Ann Moray (1909-1981), novelist and singer
* Scottie Nell Hughes (born 1980), American journalist, news anchor and political commentator
* Scottie Pippen (born 1965), American basketball player
* Scottie Reynolds (born 1987), American basketball player
* Scottie Scheffler (born 1996), American golfer
* Scottie Slayback (1901–1979), American baseball player
* Scottie Thompson (actress) (born 1981), American actress
* Scottie Thompson (basketball) (born 1993), Filipino basketball player
* Scottie Upshall (born 1983), Canadian ice hockey player
* Scottie Vines (born 1979), American football player
* Scottie Wilbekin (born 1993), Turkish-American basketball player in the Israeli Basketball Premier League
* Scottie Wilson (1888–1972), Scottish artist

## Fictional characters

* Scottie McTerrier, Donald Duck universe character, former caretaker of McDuck Castle

## Other uses

* Scottie (album), album by organist Shirley Scott
* Scottie (horse) (1957–1981), stock horse
# Sigismund of Brandenburg

Sigismund of Brandenburg (1538–1566) was Prince-Archbishop of Magdeburg and Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Halberstadt.

## Life

Sigismund was born on 11 December 1538 in Cölln; the son of the Elector of Brandenburg, Joachim II (1505–1571), from his second marriage to Hedwig (1513–1572), daughter of King Sigismund I of Poland and the Hungarian Countess Barbara Zápolya. Sigismund owed not only his name, but also a close resemblance to his grandfather.
Sigismund succeeded his elder brother, Frederick, in 1552 as prince-archbishop of Magdeburg and diocesan administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Halberstadt. The administration of the Halberstadt see had been combined with the Magdeburg see since 1480. Because he was only 14 it was initially suggested that the Magdeburg Cathedral chapter could not elect him, so he was postulated. Until 1557, when he came of age, Count John George of Mansfeld was installed by the cathedral chapter to run the prince-archbishopric. On 21 January 1553 the young prince-archbishop, who had meanwhile been confirmed by Pope Julius III although he was Lutheran, was rendered homage by the nobility in Halle upon Saale. In the early years of the new schism the Holy See was not always aware who was seriously Lutheran, and still hoped the schism would abate again. Although Lutheran, Sigismund remained unmarried. In 1567 the remainder of the cathedral chapter converted to Lutheranism.
In 1555 Sigismund issued a code of procedure. Three years later, Emperor Ferdinand I granted the prince-archbishop the privilegium de non appellando. From 1552 to 1553 Sigismund had a new residence, the Peterhof, built in Halberstadt.
He died on 13 September 1566 at the Moritzburg Castle in Halle upon Saale. His death at age 28 prevented him being a serious candidate for the Polish throne and hindered the introduction of Reformation to the whole archdiocese.

## Sources

* Hoffmann, Friedrich W. (1847). Geschichte der Stadt Magdeburg, Baensch, p. 316 ff.
* Karl Janicke (1892), "Sigmund", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 34, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 294–297
* Pauli, Karl Friedrich (1762). Allgemeine preussische Staatsgeschichte, C. P. Francken, p. 194
# Alvin Olin King

Alvin Olin King (June 21, 1890 – February 21, 1958) was an American politician allied with the Democratic faction of Governor Huey Pierce Long Jr. A state senator, he was President Pro Tempore in 1931, after Long had been elected in 1930 as a US Senator.
After Long had conflict with his lieutenant governor, who was ruled to have resigned, King advanced to serve as lieutenant governor for a year. Beginning in late January 1932, he served for three and a half months as governor of Louisiana, after Long had resigned and moved to Washington, D.C.

## Early life and education

King was born in Leoti in Wichita County in western Kansas – not to be confused with the city of Wichita in southern Kansas. He attended Tulane University Law School in New Orleans and began the practice of law in Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana.

## Political career

King had joined the Democratic Party and was elected to the Louisiana State Senate from Calcasieu Parish in the southwestern part of the state. He rose to President Pro Tempore of that body.
In 1930 Huey Long, then serving as governor, was elected from Louisiana to the United States Senate. In 1931 Dr. Paul Narcisse Cyr of Jeanerette, a physician and lieutenant governor, filed an ouster suit against Long, under "a law prohibiting dual office holding." He also attempted to take the oath of office as governor at the time when Long would normally have been expected to have vacated the position. The two men had been bitter foes since early years in office.
But Long had not resigned from the governorship, as he had some work he wanted to complete before leaving for Washington, D.C., and being sworn in as senator. The State Supreme Court rejected Cyr's suit. Long won a favorable court ruling that Cyr had given up the position of lieutenant governor by his actions.
King, as President Pro Tempore, assumed the office according to the succession plan, to fill out the term. King succeeded Cyr as Lieutenant Governor in 1931. Cyr filed an ouster suit against King, but it was rejected by the State Supreme Court. Cyr ended his political career at that point and returned to his life in Iberia Parish.
After Long finally resigned in January 1932, King assumed the governorship, serving for the three and a half months remaining in 1932 in Long's elected term, from January 25, 1932, to May 10, 1932.
During his brief tenure, King called for a reduction in highway spending, since the Great Depression made it difficult to finance bonds at an acceptable rate. The Huey P. Long Bridge in Jefferson Parish was under construction in this period, and completed under the next elected governor, Oscar K. Allen. Signs above the roadway entrance to the bridge say only that it was built during the administrations of Huey Long and Oscar K. Allen.

## Later years

After his several months as governor, King did not run for office again. He returned to practicing law and served for a time as president of the Louisiana Bar Association. He was a Methodist. He died in his home city of Lake Charles.
* Biography
* Kansas
* United States
* Politics
* Law
# Louis Charles de La Trémoille

Prince Louis Charles de La Trémoille (26 October 1838 – 4 July 1911), 9th Duke of Thouars, 8th Duke of La Trémoïlle, 11th prince de Tarente, 15th prince de Talmond and 15th Count of Laval was a French aristocrat and the son of Charles Bretagne Marie de La Trémoille and his third wife, Valentine Eugénie Joséphine Walsh de Serrant.
Louis Charles was also an archivist, bibliophile and collector.

## Life

La Trémoille was born in his father's seventy-fifth year, and acceded to his titles just one year later. He became a historian and in 1889 was inducted as a member of the Academy of Inscriptions and Beautiful Letters. He devoted much study to his family archives, held at the Château de Serrant and also granted access of them to researchers, in particular Paul Marchegay (1812–1885) and the historian Hugues Imbert (1822–1882).
On 23 August 1886, accompanied by his friend Henry Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, Marquis of Breteuil, Louis Charles escorted Prince Philippe d’Orléans, Duke of Orléans and various other Orléans Princes who were subject to The Law of Exile from the Palace of Eu to Le Tréport where they were to embark to England.

## Marriage

On 2 July 1862 he married Marguerite-Jeanne Tanneguy-Duchâtel (16 December 1840 – 19 September 1913), daughter of count Charles Marie Tanneguy Duchâtel, former minister to King Louis-Philippe of France and of his wife Rosalie ("Eglé") Paulée); They had two children:
* Prince Louis Charles Marie de La Trémoille (1863–1921) who succeeded him.
* Princess Charlotte de La Trémoille (1864–1944); who married the Charles Marie François de La Rochefoucauld (1863–1907), The 7th Duke of Estrées.
# Henry Corby

Henry Corby (1806 – 25 October 1881) was an Ontario baker, businessman, and politician. Born and raised in England, Corby immigrated to Upper Canada in 1832. After building businesses in Belleville, Ontario, he served as the 9th mayor of Belleville from 1867 to 1868 and represented Hastings East in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Conservative from 1867 to 1874.

## Life and career

Corby was born in Hanwell, England, in 1806. He was apprenticed to a baker in London.
In 1832, Corby married Alma Williams and moved to Belleville, then in Upper Canada, where he opened a general store and bakery, and secured a contract to supply the local militia.
On 24 December 1835, Alma and their three children drowned in the Bay of Quinte after the ice broke while the family were riding a sleigh.
In 1838, Corby became involved in shipping goods between Belleville and Kingston, and selling grain.
Corby served for a number of years on the Belleville village council and continued to be politically active as a Conservative. In 1855, he purchased a gristmill and foundeded his distillery in 1859.
In 1867, Corby was elected as the mayor of Belleville and an Ontario MPP representing Hastings East. He helped promote the development of railways in the area, which were a catalyst to increasing trade and residents. He left the office of mayor in 1868.
Corby retired from politics in 1875 due to declining health. He died on 25 October 1881. He was survived by his son, Henry Jr. (1851–1917).

## Legacy

The town where Corby's distillery was located was renamed as Corbyville in 1882, in his honour.

## Electoral history

vte1867 Ontario general election: Hastings East :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Conservative | Henry Corby | 908 | 57.65 |
| | Liberal | Mr. Henderson | 667 | 42.35 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 1,575 | 75.21 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 2,094 |
| | Conservative pickup new district. | Conservative pickup new district. | Conservative pickup new district. | Conservative pickup new district. | Conservative pickup new district. | Conservative pickup new district. | Conservative pickup new district. |
| Source: Elections Ontario |||||||
vte1871 Ontario general election: Hastings East :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Henry Corby | 186 | 88.57 | +30.92 |
| | Liberal | Mr. Henderson | 24 | 11.43 | −30.92 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 210 | 10.10 | −65.11 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 2,079 |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | Swing | +30.92 |
| Source: Elections Ontario |||||||
# William Urry

Sir William Urry (died 1673–1677) was a Scottish Royalist officer during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms.

## Biography

During the Interregnum Sir William joined Charles II in exile. He commanded Lord Newburgh's regiment of Scots at the Battle of the Dunes (1658). After the Restoration he was appointed colonel of the royal guards in Scotland.

## Family

Sir William Urry married Jane Scott. Their son, John Urry (1666, Dublin – 18 March 1715, Oxford), was a noted literary editor and medieval scholar.
Sir William's brother, Sir John Urry (or Hurry) (died 29 May 1650), was a professional Scottish soldier who changed sides several times during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms.
# Baron Jean–Henri Hottinguer

Baron Jean-Henri Hottinguer (25 January 1803 – 1866) was the first-born son and heir of Baron Jean-Conrad Hottinguer. In 1818 he left Paris to learn the business world and to continue his education. His first destination was London, England, where he worked for Lloyd's and the English Stock Exchange. At the age of 23 he departed London for America, where he worked for several years. During this time he made contacts who would help him in future endeavours. He eventually returned to France to help his father with their banking business.
In 1816 Banque Hottinguer & Cie took an interest in the insurance business. They established the Compagnie Royale d’Assurance Maritime after the creation in 1789 of the first Compagnie Royal d’Assurance. Names that appear on the founding document of this institution: Jacques Laffitte, governor of the Bank of France, Hottinguer, Benjamin Delessert and twenty directors from the “Compagnie Royale d’Assurances Maritimes”. After this Benjamin Delessert and Banque Hottinguer & Cie found the Caisse d’Epargne the first savings bank for small investors.
In 1833 Jean-Henri took control of Banque Hottinguer & Cie when his father retired. In 1858 Jean-Henri married Caroline Delessert, the only daughter of Baron Delessert.
One of his many achievements in life was in 1848, when he took control of the Delessert Bank after the death of Benjamin Delessert. His wife Caroline was the last of her Dynasty.
In 1852 Jean-Henri helped to set up the Compagnie Générale des Eaux, it was at one time part of Vivendi and is currently known as VEOLIA, and the first French rail network. In 1863 Jean-Henri participated along with other major banking families to create the Ottoman Bank in Istanbul, which then became the Australia and New Zealand bank.
Jean Henri died of natural causes at 63 in 1866. He was succeeded by his son Baron Rodolphe Hottinguer (1835-1920).
# Frédéric Jérôme de La Rochefoucauld

Frédéric Jérôme de La Rochefoucauld (Versailles, 16 July 1701 – Paris, 29 April 1757) was a French cardinal known as the Cardinal de La Rochefoucauld.

## Biography

Born in a noble family, he was the third of the six children of François de la Rochefoucauld, count of Roye, and Catherine Françoise d'Arpajon. He studied at the Sorbonne, where he obtained a doctorate in theology.
He was elected Archbishop of Bourges in 1729, which he would remain until his death. On 2 February 1742 he was appointed Commander of the Order of the Holy Spirit. He was also chosen as president of the Assembly of the Clergy which was held in April 1742, also obtaining the privilege of preparing it directly with the King instead of with his ministers. In the same year he was appointed Grand Almoner of France. In 1745 Louis XV appointed him French ambassador before the Holy See to Pope Benedict XIV to replace the abbot of Canillac.
Pope Benedict XIV appointed him Cardinal in the consistory of 10 April 1747, with the title of cardinal presbyter of Sant'Agnese fuori le mura. The Musical Feast Given by the Cardinal de La Rochefoucauld for the Marriage of the Dauphin at the Teatro Argentina, in Rome on 15 July 1747, was immortalized in a painting by Italian artist Giovanni Paolo Panini. In December of that year he was recalled to Paris.
He was also commendatory abbot of the Basilica of Saint-Martin d'Ainay (1747-1757), Abbey of Cluny (1747-1757) and Abbey of Saint Wandrille (1755-1757). He died in Paris on 29 April 1757, and was buried in the choir of the church of Saint-Sulpice. His heart was deposited in the church of Saint-Martin-des-Champs.

## Sources

* Catholic Hierarchy: Frédéric-Jérôme Cardinal de La Rochefoucauld
* Histoire du Diocèse Archived 2008-06-08 at the Wayback Machine
* cardinals.fiu.edu
# Karl Toman

Karl Toman (2 January 1884 – 5 February 1950) was an Austrian politician and trade unionist. Toman hailed from a working-class family. He went on to become a metal industry worker.
Toman joined the Social Democratic Labour Party of Austria in 1898. In the run-up to the First World War, Toman served as secretary of the Goldsmiths' Trade Union. He was taken as a prisoner of war in Russia, and went on to fight on the Soviet side in the Russian Civil War. Toman becoming a leading figure in the Communist Party of Austria. He served as general secretary of the party for a brief period in 1920. He belonged to the party leadership until 1924. Toman represented the Communist Party of Austria at the second (1920) and third congresses (1921) of the Communist International. He took part in the fifth congress of the Communist International in 1924 as a non-voting delegate, representing of the inner-party minority in Austria. He was expelled from the party on August 31, 1924.
In August 1925 he was readmitted to the Communist Party as a member. He worked with the Red International of Labour Unions (Profintern), having been appointed secretary of the Trade Union Sector of the Central Committee of the Communist Party in 1928. At the Profintern congress of 1930, held in Moscow, Toman was elected to the central council of the international body. He moved to Moscow, working as instructor at the Organizational Department of Profintern. Toman relocation to the Soviet Union was seen as a way of resolving the fractional frictions inside the Austrian Communist Party.
In the Soviet Union, Toman was accused of mismanagement of funds. In September 1931 he was sacked from Profintern. He was given a new employment at a sailor's club in Leningrad, politically demoted. Having returned to Austria in 1932, Toman was finally stripped of his Communist Party membership.
Toman joined the Revolutionary Socialists in 1934. He was detained at the Wöllersdorf prison camp, but was released in 1935. After Anschluss (German annexation of Austria in 1938) Toman was threatened with imprisonment at the Dachau concentration camp. He was however able to negotiate a release from captivity, citing his expulsion from the Communist Party. He undertook a loyalty oath to the Third Reich. In April 1938 German authorities appointed him as a member of the local administration of Eichgraben. In January 1940 he joined the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP) and SA.
Toman was captured by Soviet troops in May 1945. He died in a Soviet Gulag prison camp on February 5, 1950. There are very few documented cases of former Austrian communists having joined the NSDAP, Toman being the most prominent amongst them. There is little written about Toman's political journey, but speculation points towards blunt opportunism.
# British NVC community M1

NVC community M1 (Sphagnum auriculatum bog pool community) is one of the mire communities in the British National Vegetation Classification system.
It is a fairly widespread community in western Britain, but absent from the east. There are no subcommunities.

## Community composition

The following constant species are found in this community:
* Common Cottongrass Eriophorum angustifolium
* Bogbean Menyanthes trifoliata
* Cow-horn Bog-moss Sphagnum denticulatum
* Feathery Bog-moss Sphagnum cuspidatum
Five rare species are associated with the community:
* Bog Orchid Hammarbya paludosa
* Brown Beak-sedge Rhynchospora fusca
* Rannoch-rush Scheuchzeria palustris
* Intermediate Bladderwort Utricularia intermedia
* Golden Bog-moss Sphagnum pulchrum

## Distribution

This community has its main concentration in northwest Scotland, including the Outer Hebrides, Inner Hebrides, Caithness and Argyll. It is also found in southwest Scotland, Cumbria, central Wales, the New Forest, and in the Southwest peninsula.