OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Martyn Arbib

Sir Martyn Arbib (born 27 June 1939) is a British businessman who founded and led the Perpetual fund management company during the late 20th century.

## Early life

Arbib was born in Hendon on 29 June 1939, and attended Felsted School, Essex. His family is Jewish.

## Career

Arbib founded Perpetual Limited in 1973 in a small office at Hart Street, Henley-on-Thames, Oxfordshire. The company remained in the town as it expanded into newly built headquarters in 1994.
He sold Perpetual to the fund manager AMVESCAP in 2001 for more than £1 billion, receiving £113m together with AMVESCAP shares worth £300m, and the company became known as Invesco Perpetual. He is a director of the Perpetual Japanese Investment Trust plc. He stepped down from Perpetual's board in 2015.
In January 2008, Swindon Town Holdings Limited, where Arbib is an investor but not a director, took control of Swindon Town FC.
The Arbib Foundation, established in 1987, sponsors schools in Slough, Berkshire which include the Langley Academy. Arbib was a major benefactor in the establishment of the River and Rowing Museum at Henley, which opened in 1998. He was knighted in 2003 for services to charities, especially in education.

### Political activity

Arbib is a Conservative Party donor. During the 2019 general election, he donated £10,000 to the central party and £5,000 each to Conservative candidates Danny Kruger and Dominic Raab.

## Personal life

In his spare time, Arbib is interested in horse racing. His horse Snurge won the St. Leger Stakes in 1990. As well as Henley, he also has a home in Barbados.
His daughter Annabel is married to businessman Paddy Nicoll. Her father bought Culham Court for her in 1997 for £12 million, and in 2006, the Swiss-born British financier Urs Schwarzenbach bought it for £35 million, £10 million above the asking price.
# Trindade, Pernambuco

Trindade is a municipality in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. The estimated population in 2021, according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) was 31,103 inhabitants and the total area is 295.77 km².

## Geography

* State - Pernambuco
* Region - Sertão Pernambucano
* Boundaries - Araripina (N and W); Ouricuri (S); Ouricuri and Ipubi (E).
* Area - 229.57 km²
* Elevation - 518 m
* Hydrography - Brigida River
* Vegetation - Caatinga hiperxerófila
* Climate - semi arid - (Sertão) hot
* Annual average temperature - 24.9 c
* Distance to Recife - 645 km
* Population at last census (2010) - 26,116

## Economy

The main economic activities in Trindade are based in no metallic (gypsum) industry, commerce and agribusiness, especially creation of cattle, goats, sheep, pigs, chickens; and plantations of manioc. Trindade is located in the micro region of Araripina, which contains 95% of the Brazilian reserves of gypsum.

### Economic Indicators

| Population | GDP x(1000 R$). | GDP pc (R$) | PE |
| 26.250 | 80.477 | 3.266 | 0.137% |
Economy by Sector 2006
| Primary sector | Secondary sector | Service sector |
| 3.70% | 18.30% | 78.00% |

### Health Indicators

| HDI (2000) | Hospitals (2007) | Hospitals beds (2007) | Children's Mortality every 1000 (2005) |
| 0.641 | 3 | 77 | 34.2 |
# Emoji (disambiguation)

An emoji is a symbol often used as an emotional cue in text.
Emoji may also refer to:
* "Emoji", a song by Ronny J and XXXTentacion
* "Emoji", a song by Au/Ra
* "Emoji", a song by Galantis
# Al-Thawrah District

Al-Thawrah District (Arabic: منطقة الثورة, romanized: Manṭiqat Aṯ Ṯawra) is a district of the Raqqa Governorate in northern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of al-Thawrah. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 159,840.

## Sub-districts

The district of al-Thawrah is divided into three subdistricts or nawāḥī (population as of 2004):
* Al-Thawrah Subdistrict (ناحية الثورة): population 69,425.
* Al-Mansurah Subdistrict (ناحية المنصورة): population 58,727
* Al-Jarniyah Subdistrict (ناحية الجرنية): population 31,786.
# Walter B. Chilsen

Walter Bert Chilsen (June 22, 1885 – July 2, 1982) was an American newspaper editor and politician.

## Biography

Chilsen was born in Merrill, Wisconsin and was educated in the public schools. He worked in the railroad construction business as a commissary clerk and in the mercantile business. Chilsen also worked as a rural mail carrier. Chilsen was also in the printing business and was one of the editors of the Merrill Daily Herald. Chilsen served on the Merrill City Council and on the Lincoln County Board. Chilsen was a Republican. Chilsen served in the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1919 and 1920. He ran for the United States House of Representative in 1928 and for the United States Senate seat in 1940 on the Republican ticket and lost both elections. Chilsen died at Holy Cross Hospital in Merrill, Wisconsin. His son was Walter Chilsen who also served in the Wisconsin Legislature.
# American Gastroenterological Association

The American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) is a medical association of gastroenterologists. Approximately 16,000 scientists and physicians are members of the organization.

## Overview

The American Gastroenterological Association is a professional association for gastroenterologists. The AGA was founded in 1897 and has grown to include 16,000 members worldwide who are involved in all aspects of the science, practice, and advancement of gastroenterology. The AGA Institute administers the practice, research and educational programs of the organization.
The AGA, a 501(c)(6) organization, administers all membership and public policy activities, while the AGA Institute, a 501(c)(3) organization, runs the organization's practice, research, and educational programs.
On a monthly basis, the AGA Institute publishes two journals, Gastroenterology and Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology.
The organization's annual meeting is Digestive Disease Week, which is held each May and is the largest international gathering of physicians, researchers and academics in the fields of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endoscopy and Gastrointestinal surgery.
The AGA Research Foundation provides digestive disease research grants on behalf of the AGA Institute
# Troglonectes furcocaudalis

Troglonectes furcocaudalis is an oligotrobic species of stone loach. This cavefish is found only in Guangxi in China. It grows to 5.9 cm (2.3 in) standard length.
# Purple sage

Purple sage has various meanings, mostly referring to plants or to Zane Grey's novel Riders of the Purple Sage, set in Utah. There is disagreement about which plant Grey had in mind.

## Plants

* Certain true sages, members of the genus Salvia in the mint family, are referred to as purple sage:
** Salvia dorrii, also called Ute tobacco sage, Dorr's sage, etc., has showy purple flowers. It is a mild hallucinogen when smoked, and is used in Native American ceremonies and Native American herbal medicine. It is native to the western United States, including Utah, and has been suggested as the plant Grey had in mind.
** Salvia leucophylla, also called San Luis sage, likewise producing showy purple flowers, is native to California and Baja California and used in xeriscaping in Southern California.
** Salvia pachyphylla, called giant-flowered purple sage, blue sage, etc., a shrub native to California and bordering areas, is used in xeriscaping in colder regions.
** Salvia officinalis 'Purpurascens' is the purplish-leaved variety (or group of varieties) of common sage.
* Poliomintha incana, also called frosted sage, gray mint, etc., is a small, pale purple-flowered shrub of the mint family native to the Southwestern U.S. and northern Mexico. It is found in the Colorado Plateau area of Utah and has been suggested as the plant Grey had in mind.
* Leucophyllum frutescens, also called Texas sage, barometer bush, etc., is a purple-flowered shrub of Texas (where it is the official state native shrub) and Mexico. Though it has been considered "the purple sage of cowboy song fame", it is not the plant of Grey's novel, as it is known in the U.S. only from Texas.
* Psorothamnus scoparius, formerly Dalea scoparia and more often called broom dalea, is a purple-flowered, nearly leafless shrub found in Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and Mexico.
* Sagebrushes (Artemisia), loosely called sage, are dominant plants in parts of Utah. They have been identified, both tentatively and more confidently, as the plant Grey had in mind. The purple color would be that of aerial perspective, as Grey mentioned:
       "The sage about him was breast-high to his horse, oversweet with its warm, fragrant breath, gray where it waved to the light, darker where the wind left it still, and beyond the wonderful haze-purple lent by distance."

## Other uses

* Riders of the Purple Sage is a novel by Zane Grey, and several films based on the novel.
* Riders of the Purple Sage (band) is a name used by three separate western bands in the United States.
* New Riders of the Purple Sage is an American country rock band; New Riders of the Purple Sage is their debut album.
* Purple Sage, Wyoming, is a census-designated place in Sweetwater County, Wyoming.
* Open-source software for arithmetic geometry, closely related to SageMath
# Matías Orellana

Matías Ignacio Orellana Cuellar (born 22 December 1988) is a Chilean lawyer who was elected as a member of the Chilean Constitutional Convention.
# Milton Keynes Borough F.C.

Milton Keynes Borough F.C. was a football club that formed in the 1970s, rising alongside the newly established town of Milton Keynes. Originally starting as Denbigh United and later Belsize, it was renamed Milton Keynes Borough after success in local leagues such as the United Counties League. By 1979, they had progressed to the Hellenic League.

## History

Milton Keynes Borough F.C. was a football club formed in the 1970s as part of the burgeoning football scene in the new town of Milton Keynes. It began its journey under different names, initially known as Denbigh United and later Belsize, representing the Bletchley-based Belsize Engineering company. The club joined the United Counties League in 1970 and experienced early success, scoring over 100 goals in each of its first three seasons. By 1976, the club was rebranded as Milton Keynes Borough, continuing to rise through local leagues.
They were known for competing in the United Counties League, Hellenic League, and later, the South Midlands League, where they finished 12th in 1993, their final season before dissolving.
The club struggled in the FA Cup, participating in several preliminary rounds but failing to make any significant progress. Their best-known cup match came during the 1986-87 season, a 3-2 defeat to Stevenage.

## Results and League Performance

1986-87 FA Cup: Milton Keynes Borough’s most famous FA Cup appearance was a close 3-2 loss to Stevenage in one of the preliminary rounds.
South Midlands League (1993): The club folded after finishing 12th in the league during their final season .
Name Change: After disbanding, the club reformed briefly under the name Milton Keynes F.C., and later in 1999, as Bletchley Town, but both reincarnations were short-lived.

## Legacy and Dissolution

Milton Keynes Borough F.C. was part of the early football heritage of the area, playing a role in fostering local talent and contributing to the local sports culture before larger clubs, such as Milton Keynes Dons, became prominent. Though the club dissolved in 1993 and subsequent attempts to revive it under different names were unsuccessful, it remains a part of the history of football in Milton Keynes.
# Enos Hook

Enos Hook (December 3, 1804 – July 15, 1841) was an American politician and lawyer who served in the United States House of Representatives from 1839 until his resignation in 1841, representing the 20th congressional district of Pennsylvania as a Democrat in the 26th United States Congress and the 27th United States Congress.

## Early life and education

Hook was born in Waynesburg, Pennsylvania, on December 3, 1804. He studied law.

## Career

Hook was admitted to the bar in 1826; he commenced practice in Waynesburg.
Hook served in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1837 to 1838, representing Greene County as a Democrat in the 62nd Pennsylvania General Assembly.
Hook was elected as a Democrat to the 26th United States Congress; his term began on March 4, 1839. Hook was re-elected to the 27th United States Congress, serving until his resignation on April 18, 1841. Democrat Henry White Beeson was elected to serve out the remainder of Hook's term.
Hook missed over 50% of the 751 roll call votes taken between December 1839 and March 1841.

## Personal life and death

Hook was married to Mary E. Dill.
Hook died in Waynesburg on July 15, 1841, less than three months after his resignation. He was interred in Green Mount Cemetery, located in Waynesburg.
# John Lucas Miller

John Lucas Miller, Jr. (1831 in Ebenezer, South Carolina – May 6, 1864) was an attorney and state legislator in South Carolina who served as a colonel in the Confederate States Army. He was killed at the Battle of the Wilderness during the American Civil War.

## Family

Miller's father, John Lucas Miller (1795–1838) and his uncle Stephen Decatur Miller both served as delegates to the Nullification Convention during the South Carolina Nullification Crisis of 1832–1833. His uncle also served as governor of South Carolina and United States Senator from South Carolina. Stephen Decatur Miller's daughter, and thus John Lucas Miller, Jr.'s cousin, was the noted Civil War diarist Mary Boykin Miller Chesnut.

## Legislator and lawyer

Miller served in the South Carolina House of Representatives in 1853, when he was 22 years old.
Miller was a native of York County, South Carolina and worked as an attorney in Yorkville, the county seat, for several years before the war.

## Civil War

Miller volunteered for military service for the Confederate States of America at the beginning of the Civil War, and organized a volunteer infantry company. Initially serving as a captain in the Army of Northern Virginia, he commanded a unit of skirmishers on September 17, 1862, during the Battle of Antietam (called the Battle of Sharpsburg in the south), assigned to locate Union Army positions.
After the Battle of Fredericksburg, he was promoted to colonel, and assigned to command the 12th South Carolina Infantry after the previous commander resigned. This unit was part of Colonel Abner Monroe Perrin's First Brigade of a division commanded by General William Dorsey Pender. Miller first led this unit at the Battle of Chancellorsville, and in the aftermath of this significant Confederate victory, was assigned to March 2000 Union prisoners to Richmond, Virginia. He completed this assignment without a single prisoner escaping.
General Pender was killed during the Battle of Gettysburg in July, 1863. Although his regiment had 20 men killed at Gettysburg, Miller survived the defeat and helped organize the Confederate retreat. In the days that followed, the 12th Regiment lost another 18 men killed in the Battles of Hagerstown and Falling Water during the retreat from Gettysburg.
Miller was killed at the Battle of the Wilderness along with 15 other men of his regiment. He was wounded by a minie ball in the bowels on May 5, 1864, and died in a field hospital before the following morning. It was said that he "commanded the respect of officers and men by his courage and conscientiousness, and acquired many friends by his affable and courteous deportment".
# Fish Lake Hot Well

Fish Lake Hot Well, also known as Fish Lake Hot Spring and Fish Lake Valley Hot Well is a geothermal hot spring in Nevada.

## Location

The spring is located in the Fish Lake Valley near the town of Dyer, Nevada. The White Mountains and the 13,146 foot high Boundary Peak are visible from the springs. The hot spring is surrounded by mountains, and the Boundary Peak Wilderness area is visible from the spring.

## History and description

In the 1880s ranchers drilling for oil discovered the hot well. It was later surrounded by a well casing. Later a six-foot square concrete soaking area was added surrounded by a cement deck and wooden benches. The soaking pool over-flows into a man-made swimming hole that has been stocked with large goldfish. This warm pond flows into a second and third pond. All of the soaking pools/ponds are different temperatures, ranging from 85°F to 105°F. The main gravel-bottomed soaking pool is surrounded by a concrete deck and is 12' x 6'. The water then flows into several smaller, rock-lined primitive pools. There is a parking area, pit toilets, trash receptacles, barbeque pits and free camping near by.
There is interest in the geothermal energy resources in the area near the hot springs.

## Water profile

The hot mineral water emerges from the ground at a rate of 50+ gallons per minute at 105°F.
# Fontaine-Michalon station

Fontaine-Michalon station is a station on Line B of the Réseau Express Régional system serving the city of Antony, Hauts-de-Seine, France, a southern suburb of Paris.
# Thomas P. Grosvenor

Thomas Peabody Grosvenor (December 20, 1778 – April 24, 1817) was a United States representative from New York.

## Early life

Thomas Peabody Grosvenor was born on December 20, 1778, in Pomfret, Connecticut. He was the son of Seth Grosvenor (1748–1808) and the grandson of John Grosvenor (1711–1804) and Hannah Dresser (1711–1782). He pursued classical studies and graduated from Yale College in 1800, where he was President of the Society of Brothers in Unity. He studied law, was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Hudson, New York.

## Career

In 1799, he wrote to then Maj. Gen. Alexander Hamilton, recommending Mr. Joseph Hickcox to fill in the vacancy in the 13th Regiment of the Army of the United States caused by the vacancy in the line due to James Gordon's new role as Office of the Quarter Master.
He was a member of the New York State Assembly from 1810 to 1812, and was District Attorney of the Third District (comprising Columbia, Greene and Rensselaer counties) from 1810 to 1811.
Grosvenor was elected as a Federalist to the 12th United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Robert Le Roy Livingston, and was re-elected to the 13th and 14th United States Congresses, serving from January 29, 1813, to March 4, 1817.

### Later career

Afterwards he engaged in the practice of law in Baltimore, Maryland, but died a month later. Among his papers, was a book he wrote, entitled A Sketch of the Life, last sickness and death, of Mrs. Mary Jane Grosvenor that was published posthumously.

## Personal life

In March 1815, he was married to Mary Jane Hanson (1791–1814), the only daughter of Alexander C. Hanson, a lawyer and the Chancellor of Maryland, and the sister of Alexander Contee Hanson (1786–1819), a U.S. Senator. Mary Jane died later that year in 1815 from consumption.
Grosvenor died just fifteen months after his wife, on April 24, 1817, in Waterloo, Maryland, and was buried in Hudson, New York.
# Xumishan Grottoes

The Xumishan Grottoes (Chinese: 须弥山石窟) are a collection of more than 130 Buddhist cave temples, built between the fifth century until the tenth century, on the eastern edge of Mount Xumi in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China.

## History

Construction began during the Northern Wei dynasty (368-534) and were put under periodic reconstruction during later dynasties until the Tang dynasty (618-906). The site was situated along the Silk Road, an important route for the spread of Buddhism. The influence of this trade route is apparent in the decorative motifs, with influences drawn from India and Central Asia. Prior to the construction of the grottoes, the area was known as Fengyishan.

## The Site

The site has been subdivided into 5 scenic sites: Dafo Tower, Zisun Palace, Yuanguang Temple, Xiangguo Temple and Taohua Cave. Within the grottoes, statues, wall paintings and inscribed stelae can be found. Carved into red sandstone cliffs, many of the caves have little to no decorative elements. It is thought that the grottoes may have served to house monks.
The site's most iconic element is a 65-foot depiction of the seated future Buddha. While the Buddha is currently protected by a large fence, it has been subjected to erosion and improper conservation.

## Threats

While the area has been protected by China since 1982 as a National Level Cultural Relic Protected Site, there are many threats to its survival. The caves are threatened by exposure to the elements (particularly wind and sand erosion), earthquakes, looting, vandalism and insufficient management. The site has been listed among the top 100 endangered architectural and cultural sites in the world.
Additionally, improper architectural conservation techniques have been employed at the site, including the use of cement on the seated Buddha in 1982.
# Mitchell May

Mitchell May (July 10, 1870 – March 24, 1961) was an American lawyer and politician from New York. From 1899 to 1901, he served one term in the U.S. House of Representatives.

## Life

He attended the public schools and Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute. He graduated from Columbia University Law School in 1892, was admitted to the bar in 1893, and commenced practice in Brooklyn.

## Congress

May was elected as a Democrat to the 56th United States Congress, and served from March 4, 1899, to March 3, 1901. From 1906 to 1910, he was a member of the New York City Board of Education. He was an Assistant District Attorney of Kings County from 1910 to 1911.

## Later political career

He was Secretary of State of New York from 1913 to 1914, elected in 1912, but defeated for re-election in 1914. He was county judge of Kings County from 1916 to 1921, and was a justice of the New York State Supreme Court from 1922 to 1940, when he retired after reaching the constitutional age limit. Afterwards he resumed the practice of law.

## Later career

According to a biographer of Governor Al Smith, May played a role in desegregating a New York country club. As told by Hugh Carey, Smith and May were about to tee off when club officials attempted to stop them because of May's religion—the club did not admit Jewish members. Smith replied that either May would play the round with him, or Smith would have the golf course turned into a state park within a week. They played, and the club changed its membership policy.

## Entertainment industry

May was acquainted with several people involved in the entertainment industry, and presided over the ceremony for the second marriage of Frank Capra.

## Death and burial

He died on May 24, 1961, and was buried at Staten Island's Valhalla Cemetery, also known as Ocean View. May was the last surviving Representative to have served in the 19th century.

## Religion

He was of Jewish faith.
# William Kirkpatrick (New York politician)

William Kirkpatrick (November 7, 1769 – September 2, 1832) was an American physician and politician from New York.

## Life

Kirkpatrick was born in Amwell Township, Hunterdon County, New Jersey, he graduated from Princeton College in 1788, studied medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and commenced practice in Whitestown, Oneida County, New York in 1795. He moved to Salina (now a part of Syracuse), Onondaga County in 1806 and continued the practice of medicine. He subsequently became Superintendent of the Onondaga Salt Springs, and was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the 10th United States Congress, holding office from March 4, 1807, to March 3, 1809. He was again Superintendent of the Onondaga Salt Springs from 1810 to 1831, and died in Salina in 1832. Interment in Oakwood Cemetery (Syracuse, New York).