# Regiment "Lancieri di Montebello" (8th)

The Regiment "Lancieri di Montebello" (8th) (Italian: Reggimento "Lancieri di Montebello" (8°) - "Lancers of Montebello") is a cavalry unit of the Italian Army based in Rome. The regiment is the reconnaissance unit of the Mechanized Brigade "Granatieri di Sardegna" and performs public duties in Rome. The regiment was formed after the Second Italian War of Independence and participated in the Third Italian War of Independence. In World War I the regiment fought dismounted on the Italian front. After the war the regiment was disbanded. During World War II the regiment was reformed and during World War II. After the announcement of the Armistice of Cassibile by the regiment fought against invading German forces at the outskirts of Rome, which earned the regiment a Silver Medal of Military Valor. The regiment was reformed in 1951 and has served since then as one of the guard units of Rome. In 1997 the regiment became the reconnaissance unit of the Mechanized Brigade "Granatieri di Sardegna".

## History
### Formation

After the Second Italian War of Independence the Royal Sardinian Army formed on 16 September 1859 three new Chevau-légers regiments: Regiment "Cavalleggeri di Milano", Regiment "Cavalleggeri di Montebello", and Regiment "Cavalleggeri di Lodi". The "Cavalleggeri di Montebello" was formed in Voghera, with three squadrons transferred from the Regiment "Cavalleggeri di Novara", Regiment "Cavalleggeri di Aosta", and Regiment "Cavalleggeri di Monferrato". The three regiments had distinguished themselves in the Battle of Montebello four months earlier, and thus the new regiment was named for the battle, which makes the "Lancieri di Montebello" the only Italian Army cavalry regiment named for a battle.
On 6 June 1860 the regiment was reorganized as a lancer regiment and renamed Regiment "Lancieri di Montebello". In 1861-63 the regiment operated in the Capitanata area to suppress the anti-Sardinian revolt in Southern Italy after the Kingdom of Sardinia had invaded and annexed the Kingdom of Two Sicilies. In 1866 the regiment participated in the Third Italian War of Independence. Over the next years the regiment repeatedly changed its name:
* 10 September 1871: 8th Cavalry Regiment (Montebello)
* 5 November 1876: Cavalry Regiment "Montebello" (8th)
* 16 December 1897: Regiment "Lancieri di Montebello" (8th)
In 1887 the regiment contributed to the formation of the Mounted Hunters Squadron, which fought in the Italo-Ethiopian War of 1887–1889. In 1895-96 the regiment provided 1 officer and 69 enlisted for units deployed to Italian Eritrea for the First Italo-Ethiopian War. In 1911-12 the regiment provided 91 enlisted personnel to augment units fighting in the Italo-Turkish War. On 1 October 1909 the Montebello ceded one of its squadrons to help form new Regiment "Lancieri di Vercelli" (26th).

### World War I

At the outbreak of World War I the regiment consisted of a command, the regimental depot, and two cavalry groups, with the I Group consisting of three squadrons and the II Group consisting of two squadrons and a machine gun section. Together with the Regiment "Savoia Cavalleria" (3rd) the Montebello formed the VI Cavalry Brigade of the 3rd Cavalry Division of "Lombardy". The division fought dismounted in the trenches of the Italian Front. In 1917 the regimental depot in Parma formed the 860th Dismounted Machine Gunners Company as reinforcement for infantry units on the front.

### Interwar years

After the war the Italian Army disbanded 14 of its 30 cavalry regiments and so on 21 November 1919 the II Group of the Montebello was renamed "Cavalleggeri di Catania" as it consisted of personnel and horses from the disbanded Regiment "Cavalleggeri di Catania" (22nd). On 20 May 1920 the regiment was disbanded and one its squadrons was transferred to the Regiment "Nizza Cavalleria" (1st), while the II Group "Cavalleggeri di Catania" was transferred to the Regiment "Lancieri Vittorio Emanuele II" (10th). The traditions of the "Lancieri di Montebello" were assigned to the Regiment "Nizza Cavalleria" (1st).

### World War II

On 15 July 1942 the Armored Reconnaissance Grouping "Lancieri di Montebello" (8th) (Italian: Raggruppamento Esplorante Corazzato (R.E.Co) "Lancieri di Montebello" (8°)) was formed in Ferrara by the depot of the Regiment "Lancieri di Firenze" (9th). On 19 July 1942 the Montebello was assigned to the 134th Armored Division "Emanuele Filiberto Testa di Ferro", but already on 1 August 1942 the grouping was assigned to the Armored and Motorized Troops Inspectorate. On 1 April 1943 the grouping was assigned to the 135th Armored Cavalry Division "Ariete". By September 1943 the grouping consisted of the following units:
* Armored Reconnaissance Grouping "Lancieri di Montebello" (8th)
** Command Squadron
** I Squadrons Group
*** Command Squadron (4x AB41 armored cars)
*** 1st Squadron (17x AB41 armored cars)
*** 2nd Squadron (17x AB41 armored cars)
*** 3rd Motorcyclists Squadron
** II Squadrons Group
*** Command Squadron (4x Semovente 47/32 L40 self-propelled guns)
*** 4th Motorcyclists Squadron
*** 5th Squadron (12x Semovente 75/18 M42 self-propelled guns)
*** 6th Squadron (12x Semovente 47/32 L40 self-propelled guns)
** III Squadrons Group (formed in summer 1943)
*** Command Squadron (4x M15/42 tanks)
*** 7th Squadron (17x M15/42 tanks)
*** 8th Squadron (16x L6/40 tanks)
*** 9th Anti-aircraft Squadron (12x 20/65 Mod. 35 anti-aircraft guns)
After the announcement of the Armistice of Cassibile on 8 September 1943 the grouping, together with the 12th Infantry Division "Sassari", 21st Infantry Division "Granatieri di Sardegna", and 135th Armored Cavalry Division "Ariete" defended Rome against invading German forces. On 10 September the Granatieri, Lancieri di Montebello, remnants of the Sassari and hundreds of civilians fell back to Porta San Paolo for a last stand. By 17:00 the Germans broke the line of the Italian defenders, who had suffered 570 dead, including two of the Montebello's squadrons commanders: Captain Romolo Fugazza and Captain Camillo Sabatini. Soon after the units surrendered to the Germans as the flight of the Italian King Victor Emmanuel III from Rome made further resistance senseless. The grouping was declared lost due to wartime events on 16 September 1943.
For their role in the defence of the Rome the 1st Regiment "Granatieri di Sardegna" and the "Lancieri di Montebello" were each awarded a Silver Medal of Military Valor.

### Cold War

On 1 January 1950 the Armored Cavalry Squadron "Lancieri di Montebello" was formed in Rome and equipped with M8 Greyhound armored cars. On 1 May 1951 the squadron was expanded to 8th Armored Cavalry Regiment "Lancieri di Montebello" and consisted of a command, a command squadron, and three squadrons groups equipped with M47 Patton tanks. On 4 November 1958 the regiment was renamed Regiment "Lancieri di Montebello" (8th).
During the 1975 army reform the army disbanded the regimental level and newly independent battalions were granted for the first time their own flags. On 30 September 1975 the Regiment "Lancieri di Montebello" (8th) and its II and III squadrons groups were disbanded. On 1 October the regiment's I Squadrons Group was reorganized and renamed 8th Armored Squadrons Group "Lancieri di Montebello" and assigned the flag and traditions of the regiment. The squadrons group consisted of a command, a command and services squadron, two tank squadrons with M47 Patton tanks, and one mechanized squadron with M113 armored personnel carriers. At the time the squadrons group fielded 536 men (34 officers, 83 non-commissioned officers, and 419 soldiers).
On 1 July 1979 the squadrons group was reorganized as 8th Mechanized Squadrons Group "Lancieri di Montebello" and now consisted of a command, a command and services squadron, three mechanized squadrons with M113 armored personnel carriers, and a heavy mortar squadron with M106 mortar carriers with 120mm mod. 63 mortars.

### Recent times

On 22 September 1992 the 8th Mechanized Squadrons Group "Lancieri di Montebello" lost its autonomy and the next day the squadrons group entered the reformed Regiment "Lancieri di Montebello" (8th). The regiment consisted of a command, a command and services squadron, and a squadrons group with three armored squadrons equipped with wheeled Centauro tank destroyers.
With the army reform of 1997 the regiment joined the Mechanized Brigade "Granatieri di Sardegna" as the brigade's reconnaissance unit. In March 2004 the regiment raised the Horse Squadrons Group to perform mounted public duties in Rome.

## Organization

As of 2024 the Regiment "Lancieri di Montebello" (8th) is organized as follows:
* Regiment "Lancieri di Montebello" (8th), in Rome
** Military Equestrian Center
** Command and Logistic Support Squadron
** 1st Reconnaissance Squadrons Group
*** 1st Reconnaissance Squadron
*** 2nd Reconnaissance Squadron
*** 3rd Reconnaissance Squadron
*** Heavy Armored Squadron
** Horse Squadrons Group
*** Horse Squadron
*** Honor Squadron
The three reconnaissance squadrons are equipped with Lince vehicles and Centauro tank destroyers, which are scheduled to be replaced by Lince 2 vehicles and Freccia EVO Reconnaissance vehicles. The Heavy Armored Squadron is equipped with Centauro tank destroyers, which are being replaced by Centauro II tank destroyers.