OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Andhra Vignanamu

Sri Andhra Vignanamu was a Telugu-language general knowledge encyclopedia, published in seven volumes between 1938 and 1941 from Kakinada and Rajahmundry. Edited by Kandukuri Bala Surya Prasada Rao (Prasada Bhupaludu), the zamindar of Devidi Estate, the work is recognized as the first fully completed encyclopedia in Telugu. It compiles extensive knowledge across various disciplines, with articles arranged alphabetically and supplemented by a separate volume published in 1941.
Though preceded by Andhra Vignana Sarvasvam, an incomplete encyclopedia initiated by Komarraju Venkata Lakshmana Rao in 1912, Andhra Vignanamu holds the distinction of being the first Telugu encyclopedia to achieve completion.

## Contributors

Kandukuri Bala Surya Prasada Rao, also known as Prasada Bhupaludu, the zamindar of Devidi Estate in Ganjam district, compiled the articles from various scholars and put them in his own language. Apart from being a compiler and editor, he was also a writer of the encyclopedia.

## Content

The articles in the encyclopedia were arranged alphabetically according to the Telugu alphabet. A supplement to the encyclopedia, consisting of 184 pages, was published in 1941 to further expand its scope. The preface to the encyclopedia was written by the renowned scholar Cattamanchi Ramalinga Reddy, who praised Prasada Rao for his editorial skills and intellectual contributions.
The encyclopedia encompassed a wide range of topics, with particular emphasis on ancient Indian thought. While primarily written in Telugu, some articles on modern scientific subjects were published in English, which limited its accessibility for Telugu readers. Despite this limitation, Andhra Vignanamu is recognized for its scholarly rigour and comprehensive coverage.

## Volumes

| Publication year | Volume number |
| 1938 | I |
| 1938 | II |
| 1939 | III |
| 1940 | IV |
| 1941 | V |
| 1941 | VI |
| 1941 | VII |
| 1941 | Supplement |

## Reception

Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature reviewed it noting, "Though it is a one man effort and has all the drawbacks associated with it, and the selection as well the treatment of the entries is more arbitrary than logical, the volumes are, no doubt, serving its designed purpose."
M. Sankara Reddy lists Andhra Vignanamu in his book on Telugu reference sources. C. Dwarakanath Gupta cited it for information on Vysya gotras in his book Socio-cultural History of an Indian Caste.
# Brasileirinho cavaticus

Brasileirinho cavaticus is a species of freshwater isopod. It is the only member of the monotypic genus Brasileirinho, which in turn is the only member of the family Brasileirinidae.

## Description

It has a transparent white-ish oval body. The male is around 1.7 millimetres (0.067 in) long, whereas the female is around 2.4 millimetres (0.094 in) long. Both are around 3 times longer than it is wide. It doesn't have eyes. The first and second pleonites are much smaller than the pereonites. Pleonites three to five are as long as the pereonites. The entire length of the pleotelson does not exceed one fifth of the entire body length. The first pair of pleopods is absent in females, and uniramous in males. Despite their aquatic habitat, they are unable to swim.

## Ecology

The species is a troglobiont, found in a pond in a karst cave in Bahia, Brazil. The members of the species were found to aggregate on the bottom of the pond. The pond featured a relatively high population density, with individuals frequently bumping into each other. They do not exhibit any phototactic behavior. They most likely feed on Guano.
# Monodomain model

The monodomain model is a reduction of the bidomain model of the electrical propagation in myocardial tissue. The reduction comes from assuming that the intra- and extracellular domains have equal anisotropy ratios. Although not as physiologically accurate as the bidomain model, it is still adequate in some cases, and has reduced complexity.

## Formulation

Being $\mathbb {T}$ the spatial domain, and $T$ the final time, the monodomain model can be formulated as follows ${\frac {\lambda }{1+\lambda }}\nabla \cdot \left(\mathbf {\Sigma } _{i}\nabla v\right)=\chi \left(C_{m}{\frac {\partial v}{\partial t}}+I_{\text{ion}}\right)\quad \quad {\text{in }}\mathbb {T} \times (0,T),$
where $\mathbf {\Sigma } _{i}$ is the intracellular conductivity tensor, $v$ is the transmembrane potential, $I_{\text{ion}}$ is the transmembrane ionic current per unit area, $C_{m}$ is the membrane capacitance per unit area, $\lambda$ is the intra- to extracellular conductivity ratio, and $\chi$ is the membrane surface area per unit volume (of tissue).

### Derivation

The monodomain model can be easily derived from the bidomain model. This last one can be written as ${\begin{aligned}\nabla \cdot \left(\mathbf {\Sigma } _{i}\nabla v\right)+\nabla \cdot \left(\mathbf {\Sigma } _{i}\nabla v_{e}\right)&=\chi \left(C_{m}{\frac {\partial v}{\partial t}}+I_{\text{ion}}\right)\\\nabla \cdot \left(\mathbf {\Sigma } _{i}\nabla v\right)+\nabla \cdot \left(\left(\mathbf {\Sigma } _{i}+\mathbf {\Sigma } _{e}\right)\nabla v_{e}\right)&=0\end{aligned}}$
Assuming equal anisotropy ratios, i.e. $\mathbf {\Sigma } _{e}=\lambda \mathbf {\Sigma } _{i}$, the second equation can be written as $\nabla \cdot \left(\mathbf {\Sigma } _{i}\nabla v_{e}\right)=-{\frac {1}{1+\lambda }}\nabla \cdot \left(\mathbf {\Sigma } _{i}\nabla v\right).$
Then, inserting this into the first bidomain equation gives the unique equation of the monodomain model ${\frac {\lambda }{1+\lambda }}\nabla \cdot \left(\mathbf {\Sigma } _{i}\nabla v\right)=\chi \left(C_{m}{\frac {\partial v}{\partial t}}+I_{\text{ion}}\right).$

## Boundary conditions

Differently from the bidomain model, the monodomain model is usually equipped with an isolated boundary condition, which means that it is assumed that there is not current that can flow from or to the domain (usually the heart). Mathematically, this is done imposing a zero transmembrane potential flux (homogeneous Neumann boundary condition), i.e.:
    $(\mathbf {\Sigma } _{i}\nabla v)\cdot \mathbf {n} =0\quad \quad {\text{on }}\partial \mathbb {T} \times (0,T)$
where $\mathbf {n}$ is the unit outward normal of the domain and $\partial \mathbb {T}$ is the domain boundary.
# Solomon Hillen Jr.

Solomon Hillen Jr. (July 10, 1810 – June 26, 1873) was a U.S. Representative from Maryland and mayor of Baltimore.

## Early life

Solomon Hillen Jr. was born on July 10, 1810, at the family estate, "Hillendale," on Hillen Road north of Baltimore to Robina Kennedy (née McHaffle) and Thomas Hillen. He graduated from Georgetown College in 1827, studied law, was admitted to the bar, and commenced practice in Baltimore.

## Career

Hillen served as member of the Maryland House of Delegates from 1834 to 1838. Hillen was elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1839 – March 3, 1841). Afterward, he resumed the practice of law. He was elected on April 1, 1842 as Mayor of Baltimore, replacing Samuel Brady who had resigned. He was elected for a second term, but resigned in the fall of 1845, due to ill health. During his term, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad was completed to Cumberland. He stopped practicing law due to ill health. He served in the company of the Independent Blues, and became colonel of the Fifth Regiment.

## Personal life

Hillen married Emily O'Donnell, a daughter of General Columbus O'Donnell. Hillen had two children, Thomas Hillen (1849–1887) and Emily.
Hillen lived at "Palmyra", a house on Hillen Road opposite Woodbourne Avenue in Baltimore.
Hillen died on June 26, 1873, at Fifth Avenue Hotel in New York City. He is interred in Green Mount Cemetery in Baltimore.

## Legacy

Hillen Street and Hillen Road in Baltimore were named after members of the Hillen family. Uses of "Hillendale" refer to the family's country estate.
# Porto Lucena

Porto Lucena is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. As of 2020, the estimated population was 4,594.
The municipality would be partially flooded by the proposed Garabí Dam, a planned dam between Brazil and Argentina.
Porto Lucena celebrates its anniversary on August 6 and has a series of events prepared by the local government, including breakfast, book fair, crafts, and family agriculture markets, truco tournament, cycling, and music performances. The local government also donates agricultural equipment to rural associations during the anniversary celebration.
# Ice on Fire (2006 film)

Ice on Fire (Italian: La fiamma sul ghiaccio) is a 2006 Italian romantic drama film directed by Umberto Marino. It was entered into the 28th Moscow International Film Festival.

## Cast

* Lucia Antonia
* Raoul Bova as Fabrizio
* Paolo Calabresi
* Stefano Corsi
* Donatella Finocchiaro as Caterina
* Massimiliano Giusti as Mario
* Simona Nasi
* Francesca Vettori
# DoggoLingo

DoggoLingo is an Internet language that is created from word conversion, meme lexicon, and onomatopoeia. Emerging in the 2010s, DoggoLingo is implied to be a dog's own idiom, and is presented as a canine's thought process. Elyse Graham, assistant professor at Stony Brook University, describes DoggoLingo as "upbeat, joyful, and clueless in a relentlessly friendly way".

## Structure and usage

DoggoLingo appends various diminutive suffixes "-o", "-er", "-ino" to existing English words (e.g. dog turns into doggo, pup turns into pupper) as well as DoggoLingo words that have been created (e.g. pupper turns into pupperino). DoggoLingo relies heavily upon onomatopoeia: Words such as mlem or blep describe the action of a dog sticking out its tongue, or other forms of facial expression.
Much like a creole language, DoggoLingo follows a similar rudimentary style to create its verbs (e.g. doin me a in place of present participles with the speaker as object, such as doin me a scare "scaring me") and adjectives (e.g. heckin in place of degree modifiers such as extremely). Heck is frequently used in place of more conventional expletives.
Some words also come from eye dialect spellings of English words, such as fren, meaning "friend". In 2023, an analyst from the Southern Poverty Law Center noted the term fren having been adopted as a deliberately "innocuous" and "baby talk" self-description by the far-right online, with the word being used as a backronym for "far-right ethnonationalist".

## Origin

DoggoLingo emerged in the 2010s. Various social media accounts such as WeRateDogs on Twitter and Dogspotting on Facebook, as well as social news aggregation and imageboard websites like 4chan, Reddit, or Tumblr have aided in popularizing the use of DoggoLingo by consistently using or hosting content that uses the lingo on their Internet pages. In 2014, the Dogspotting Facebook account gained popularity, especially in Australia where adding "-o" to the end of words is also a feature of Australian slang. Usage of DoggoLingo peaked around 2017.
Linguist Gretchen McCulloch characterized the language as "taking on characteristics of how people would address their animals in the first place", and noted that it was used by people talking as themselves online, in contrast to the mid-2000s lolcat trend where images of cats were captioned as if the cat were speaking.

## Other animals

Many other animals are referred to differently in DoggoLingo: for example, one might refer to a snake as a snek, nope rope, or danger noodle, a human as a hooman and a bird as a birb. Fat or rotund birds may be called borbs by influence from orb, while birds with fluffy feathers are referred to as floofs.
# Stan Clark (Kansas politician)

Stan W. Clark (December 9, 1954 – May 29, 2004) was an American politician who served in the Kansas State Senate as a Republican from 1995 to 2004.
Clark joined the Senate in 1995, succeeding Sheila Frahm, who had been elected Lieutenant Governor. He served in the Senate until his death in 2004 from a car crash. After his death, the legislature created a program called the "Senator Stan Clark pregnancy maintenance initiative program, the purpose for which is to award grants to not-for-profit organizations for programs that provide services for women which enable them to carry their pregnancies to term."
# Alejandra

Alejandra is the Spanish form of the Greek female given name Alexandra. It is the female version of the male name Alejandro. Alejandra means "defender of womankind", and notable people with this name include:
* Alejandra Ávalos (born 1965), Mexican actress
* Alejandra Azcárate (born 1978), Colombian model and actress
* Alejandra Barrales (born 1967), Mexican politician
* Alejandra Benítez (born 1980), Venezuelan sabre fencer
* Alejandra Bogue (born 1965), Mexican actress
* Alejandra Braña (born 2004), Spanish gymnast
* Alejandra Bravo (born 1961), Mexican biochemist
* Alejandra Da Passano (1947–2014), Argentine actress
* Alejandra del Moral Vela (born 1983), Mexican politician
* Alejandra Echevarría (born 1989), Spanish model and singer
* Alejandra Fosalba (born 1969), Chilean actress
* Alejandra García (born 1973), Argentine pole vaulter
* Alejandra Ghersi (born 1989), Venezuelan musician
* Alejandra Granillo (born 1991), Mexican tennis player
* Alejandra Gulla (born 1977), Argentine field hockey player
* Alejandra Gutiérrez (disambiguation)
* Alejandra Guzmán (born 1968), Mexican singer and actress
* Alejandra Ibáñez (born 2000), American wheelchair basketball player
* Alejandra Krauss (born 1956), Chilean politician
* Alejandra Lazcano (born 1984), Mexican actress
* Alejandra León Gastélum (born 1976), Mexican politician
* Alejandra Llamas (born 1970), Mexican writer
* Alejandra Matus, Chilean journalist and writer
* Alejandra Meyer (1937–2007), Mexican actress
* Alejandra Oliveras (born 1978), Argentine boxer
* Alejandra Otero (born 1983), Venezuelan comedian
* Alejandra Peña, Venezuelan politician
* Alejandra Paola Pérez López (born 1998), Venezuelan Paralympic athlete who competes in sprinting events
* Alejandra Pizarnik (1936–1972), Argentine poet
* Alejandra Procuna (born 1969), Mexican actress
* Alejandra Ramos (born 1958), Chilean athlete
* Alejandra Ruddoff (born 1960), Chilean sculptor
* Alejandra Sandoval (born 1980), Colombian actress
* Alejandra Usquiano (born 1993), Colombian archer
* Alejandra Valencia (born 1994), Mexican archer
# The Blue Cloak

The Blue Cloak, or De Blauwe Huik, refers to an old concept for a popular 16th-century print series featuring Flemish proverbs. The prints were generally captioned according to each depicted proverb, and central to these was a woman pulling a cloak over a man. That proverb is also central to a 1559 painting called Netherlandish Proverbs by Pieter Bruegel the Elder.
In the print versions, the blue cloak or huik plays the central role:
* Hogenberg, 1558
* Doetecum, 1577
* Galle, 1571-1633
Later versions: The painter David Teniers the Younger, who married Brueghel's granddaughter, also made a painting with his own modern interpretation of the same proverbs in 1645, which also surround a central "Blue cloak" scene:

## Meaning

The central figure is a woman who is pulling a blue cloak over her husband. She is literally pulling the wool over his eyes. This act is a metaphor for adultery, explicitly the adultery of the woman, and the cloak a deceitful "coverup" that helps her husband to "not see it", which is also indicated by another proverb or expression in the Galle engraving showing a man with his fingers in front of his eyes with the remark "Dese siet door de vingeren" (English: This one acts blind but is 'peeking through his fingers').
* Breughel
* Hogenberg
* Galle

## Cloak color

The cloak was called a 'huyck' (huik in modern Dutch), and it was a black garment that was worn by upperclass women when they went outside the home from the 16th century onwards. It is unknown why the color blue of the huik plays a role in the proverb. That the huik was meant to be blue was emphasized not only by the common title, but also by the use of a black huik elsewhere in the painting. This secondary appearance of the huik can also be seen in the Hogenberg and Galle engravings, though it doesn't play a central role.
# Tárcoles River

The Tárcoles River, also called the Grande de Tárcoles River or the Río Grande de Tarcoles, in Costa Rica originates on the southern slopes of the Cordillera Central volcanic range and flows in a south-westerly direction to the Gulf of Nicoya. The river is 111 kilometres (69 mi) long and its watershed covers an area of 2,121 square kilometres (819 sq mi), which encompasses around 50% of the country's population.

## Course

The river's watershed drains approximately 67% of Costa Rica's untreated organic and industrial waste and is considered the most contaminated river basin in the country.
The river's upper reaches form the northern border of the Carara National Park. It is a habitat for American crocodiles, while the marshes located at the river's mouth have many waterfowl and wading birds. Among the many herons and egrets are the boatbill and bare-throated tiger heron, and other birds found here include double-striped thick-knee, mangrove warbler and American pygmy kingfisher. The total list known of birds well exceeds 320 species including the little known Guacalillo Canals. The avian biodiversity is substantial including rare birds such as Agami Heron, Rufous-necked Woodrail, Jabiru, Yellow-billed Cotinga and recently found an Orinoco Goose. It's also home of Howler and White-faced Capuchin Monkeys. Less commonly seen are Silky Anteater, Sloths, Grinson, Jaguarundi, River Otter and Northern Tamandua.
Reptiles, such as the American crocodile, caiman, common basilisk and large iguanas, are also easily seen.
* Reptiles in the river
* An American Pygmy Kingfisher
* Royal terns
* Snowy egret
# Bossier High School (Louisiana)

Bossier High School is a co-educational college preparatory high school in Bossier City, Louisiana, United States.
Its former building on Colquitt Street, a Classical Revival-style building constructed in 1923, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998 as Bossier High School (Colquitt Street). Its current location on Bearkat Drive, with its International Style architecture, also was listed on the National Register, in 2004.
The school's attendance boundary includes sections of Bossier City, a portion of Shreveport in Bossier Parish, and the Main Area of Barksdale Air Force Base.

## History

Bossier High School was officially recognized as an accredited educational institution by the Louisiana Department of Education in 1917. The first school was located on Traffic Street in North Bossier, the present site of Bossier Elementary School. In 1923 a new high school was built to serve the city's rapidly expanding population, and this was expanded in 1928, but still was inadequate. In 1938 a new location was chosen on the historic site of Fort Kirby Smith, a Civil War Fort. Fort Kirby Smith was one of several defensive positions pieced together by the Confederate Army during the American Civil War (1861-1865) to protect Shreveport during the Red River Campaign. According to Gary Joiner's Through the Howling Wilderness: The 1864 Red River Campaign and Union Failure in the West, it was located to prevent an attack from the north, the east, as well as the southeast from Union aggression. After the surrender of Shreveport in 1865, Fort Kirby Smith was dismantled and abandoned.
The present Bossier High School, a three-story building located at 777 Bearcat Drive, was built in 1938–39. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. It was designed by architect Samuel Wiener in International Style. Due to rapid population growth, the city's Bossier High School (Colquitt Street) built in 1923 and 1928 became over-crowded, and this school was built to replace it. The former school was then devoted to serving elementary school levels. It was built by contractor James T. Taylor of Fort Worth, Texas. The listing included three contributing buildings.
Construction of Bossier High was completed in 1940 and is the present site.

## Athletics

Bossier High athletics competes in the LHSAA. The school's biggest rivals include Airline High School and Parkway High School.

### LHSAA state championships

Basketball championships
* (2) Boys – 2016, 2011
Football championships
* (2) 1942, 1948

## Notable alumni

* Hoffman Franklin Fuller, valedictorian, Class of 1950; inductee of the Bossier High Hall of Fame, 2009, tax scholar.
* Arlene Howell, (Eurlyne Howell when she attended BHS), actress and Miss USA 1958.
* Decamerion Richardson, NFL player for the Las Vegas Raiders
* Buddy Roemer, former U.S. Representative and Governor of Louisiana
# Mishu Sabbir

Md. Sabbir Hossain Mishu, known by his stage name Mishu Sabbir is a Bangladeshi television actor and model.

## Early life

He was born on 28 October 1982. He hailed from Dhaka, Bangladesh. He received his education from Independent University Bangladesh in computer science.

## Career

Sabbir performed in Lal Tip (2012), a big budget film of Impress Telefilm Limited.

## Works
### Films

* Lal Tip (2012)
* Valobasha Emoni Hoy (2016)
* To Be Continued (2017) as Mac

### Drama, telefilm, mini-series and TV series

* Housefull (2008) as Mishu
* Behind The Scene
* Biporitey Ami (2008) as Akmol
* Hello (2009) as Kashem
* Graduate (2010) as Ayub
* Jimmi (2010) as Mishu
* Denmohor
* Idiots (2012)
* Radio Chocolate
* College
* @18: All Time Dourer Upor (2013) as Baby Bappi
* Moneybag (2013) as Pilot
* Faad O Bogar Golpo
* Bhalobasha 101 (2014) as Mishu
* Vitamin-T (2014) as Bulbul aka BB
* Selfiebazz (2015)
* Haar Naki Jeet (2016)
* House 44
* Cheleta Kintu Valo Chilo (2017)
* Chabial Reunion (2017)
* Journey by Launch (2017)
* Karsaji
* Bachelor Point (2018; Present) as Shuvo
* Arekti Shondeher Golpo (2019)
* Cholo Palai (2019)
* Bachelor DJ Party (2019)
* Network Busy (2019)
* Bachelor Trip (2019)
* Bachelor Eid (2019)
* Stadium (2020) as Zubayerullah Zafor aka Jojo
* Twist (2020)
* Bachelor Quarantine (2020)
* Nakshi (2021)
* Female (2021) as Body Sohel
* The Beggar (2021)
* Thanda (2021)
* Hoichoi Paribaar (2021)
* Mone Korone Moron (2022)
* Doi (2022)
* Bachelor's Ramadan (2022)
* Good Buzz (2022)
* Female 2 (2022)
# John Faber (Kansas politician)

John Faber (October 22, 1952) is a former member of the Kansas House of Representatives, who represented the 120th district. He served from 1997 to 2011. The Kansas Chapter of Americans for Prosperity gave him an evaluation of 90 on fiscally conservative issues.
Faber has been involved with a number of community organizations, including the Brewster Co Op Board, Compassionate Friends, Goodland Co Op Board, and Lutheran Parish of Western Kansas.

## Committee membership

* Appropriations
* Agriculture and Natural Resources Budget (Chair)
* Transportation and Public Safety Budget
* Joint Committee on Administrative Rules and Regulations

## Major donors

The top 5 donors to Faber's 2008 campaign:
* 1. Kansas Medical Society $750
* 2. Kansas Assoc of Insurance Agents $600
* 3. National Rifle Association of America $500
* 4. Kansas Chamber of Commerce & Industry $500
* 5. Koch Industries $500
# Swedish humanitarian aid to Norway during World War II

Swedish humanitarian aid to Norway during World War II, in Norway called Norwegian:Svenskehjelpen and in Sweden called Swedish:Svenska Norgehjälpen, amounted to around SEK 71 million. High priority was extra food for schoolchildren in Norway. In 1944 more than 100,000 portions of soup (Norwegian:svenskesuppe) were administered daily from almost 1,000 distribution centrals.
# Takab Rural District (Kerman County)

Takab Rural District (Persian: دهستان تكاب) is in Shahdad District of Kerman County, Kerman province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Estehkam.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 4,868 in 1,127 households. There were 6,276 inhabitants in 1,629 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 5,890 in 1,705 households. The most populous of its 51 villages was Hemmatabad-e Olya, with 606 people.