OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Newcomer (Maryland politician)

John Newcomer (December 18, 1797 – April 21, 1861) was an American politician and farmer from Maryland. He served as a member of the Maryland Senate, representing Washington County, from 1840 to 1846.

## Early life

John Newcomer was born on December 18, 1797, to Henry Newcomer.

## Career

Newcomer was a large real estate holder in Washington County, Maryland. He worked his farm and operated a mill in Beaver Creek. He founded Newcomer & Stonebraker, a flour and grain commission firm in Baltimore.
Newcomer served as sheriff of Washington County from 1836 to 1839. He served as a member of the Maryland Senate, representing Washington County, from 1840 to 1846. He served as county commissioner of Washington County in 1846 and 1859. He was a delegate to the convention that framed the Maryland Constitution of 1850.

## Personal life

Newcomer married his cousin Catherine Newcomer, daughter of Samuel Newcomer. Their son was Benjamin Franklin Newcomer.
Newcomer died on April 21, 1861.
# Maple Lawn, Fulton, Maryland

Maple Lawn is a land development in Fulton, Maryland, United States.

## History

In 1839, Heinrich Iager purchased 108 acres (44 ha) of farmland expanding to 185 acres (75 ha) forming Maple Lawn Farms. In 1938, the farm began its current free-range turkey operations under the "Sho-Nuf" brand name. In 1970, the farm owned by C. Ellsworth Iager and Sons won the Progressive Breeders Dairy Award. The farm was nationally recognized in 2004 for the registered Holsteins used in its dairy operations.
Ellsworth Iager (1916–1987) took advantage of cheap POW labor through 1945. In 1986, the Iagers took a higher land-lease option from J.J.M Inc. developers. The fencing was torn down and the neighboring Hines farm tenants were forced to liquidate their livestock due to the sudden reduction of grazing land. On July 17, 1987, farm owner, land developer, appraiser, and relator, Ellsworth Iager died. His son Charles took over the farm.
In the late 1990s, Fulton sat between the heavily developed areas of eastern Howard County, with water and sewer service, and the preserved western areas which used well water. Developer Greenebaum & Rose Associates proposed a dense 1,168-unit mixed-use project for a portion of the 506-acre (205 ha) farm. In January 1998, Councilman Darrell Drown felt that the zoning would take only a night or two and accommodated the developer with expedited hearings. The first phase of zoning faced multiple contentious votes and 32 record-length hearings between pro-development and rural supporters.
In 2013, the Howard County Department of Planning and Zoning sought to expand water and sewer service so that the remaining Maple Lawn property could be developed at maximum density. A 7,000-person referendum attempt was launched and suppressed by the landowners' attorney, William Erskine, who sits on the economic development agency as well as the same law firm as County Executive Ken Ulman's father. In September 2014, The Iager family hosted Ken Ulman on the remaining undeveloped Maple Lawn Farm parcel to become "Farmer for a Day".
A homeowners association is responsible for residential facilities and maintenance and upkeep of the community center and parkland. The commercial development is managed by the Maple Lawn Commercial Owners Association.
# Samuel Stephens Miller

Samuel Stephens Miller (born July 17, 1850) was an American pharmacist from Whitehall, Wisconsin who became a lawyer. He served a single term as a Republican member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

## Background

Miller was born in the town of Christiana in Dane County, on July 17, 1850. He went to public schools, then attended Albion Academy and Normal Institute for four years, graduating in 1870. He worked as a pharmacist in Grand Rapids, Wisconsin for two years, but had medical problems. He entered the University of Wisconsin Law School in September 1872, and graduated in the Class of 1873. He worked in a law office in Eau Claire until 1877, when he moved to Whitehall.

## Elected office

Miller was elected district attorney of Trempealeau County in 1891. He had held that office for six years when he was e!ected to the Assembly's Trempealeau County district in 1886, with 1,733 votes to 1,079 for Democratic nominee Thomas Thompson and 323 for Probitionist D. Wood. He was assigned as chairman of the standing committee on legislative expenditures.
# Agat Bay

Agat Bay is a bay on the west coast of Guam. Its northern boundary is the Orote Peninsula, occupied entirely by Naval Base Guam, which itself lies within the village of Sånta Rita-Sumai. The bay stretches south along the coast of the village of Hågat (formerly, Agat) to Facpi Point. With a length of some seven kilometers, the bay stretches for nearly one fifth of the west coast of Guam. The Asan Invasion Beach of the 1944 Battle of Guam is commemorated by the Agat Unit of War in the Pacific National Historical Park, which spans surface and subsurface areas from Apaca Point to Bangi Point. The NRHP-listed Agat World War II Amtrac is submerged off Agat Cemetery.
The northern part of the bay is protected by an offshore reef. Blue Hole, one of Guam's most popular scuba diving sites, is located in the northwest corner of the bay. Agat Marina in the southern portion of the bay has 100 slips and mainly berths residential and recreational vessels, with some commercial vessels. Further south is Nimitz Beach, a popular snorkeling spot containing the small offshore Anae Island.
# Edward C. Notbohm

Edward C. Notbohm was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly during the 1895 session. A native of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Notbohm represented the 7th District of Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. He was a Republican.
# Yuraq P'ukru

Yuraq P'ukru (Quechua yuraq white, p'ukru hole, pit, gap in a surface, "white hole", also spelled Yuraj Phujro) is a mountain in the Andes of Bolivia which reaches a height of approximately 3,920 m (12,860 ft). It is located in the Potosí Department, Nor Chichas Province, Cotagaita Municipality. Yuraq P'ukru lies at the Atocha River, northwest of the village of Quechisla.
# George Kremer

George Kremer (November 21, 1775 – September 11, 1854) was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.

## Biography

Born in Middletown in the Province of Pennsylvania on November 21, 1775, Kremer studied law, was admitted to the bar and began his legal practice in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania.
A member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1812 and 1813, Kremer was elected as a Jackson Republican to the Eighteenth Congress and reelected as a Jacksonian to the Nineteenth and Twentieth Congresses.
Kremer died in Middleburg, Pennsylvania, and was interred in the private burial ground on his family estate near Middleburg, Pennsylvania.

## Legacy

Kremer is best remembered for publishing (and later defending) an anonymous letter in the Philadelphia newspaper, Columbian Observer, in which he accused Henry Clay of having made a "bargain" with John Quincy Adams to throw Clay's support to Adams in the presidential election of 1824 (which was decided in the House of Representatives) in exchange for being given the position of Secretary of State. Kremer's letter charged that Clay had first made the offer to Andrew Jackson, who had refused it. Clay vigorously disputed the allegations and demanded an official House investigation, during which Kremer refused to testify. The "Corrupt Bargain" charge continued to haunt Clay for the remainder of his political career.
# Buksewo

Buksewo is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Lipnica, within Bytów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) south-west of Lipnica, 25 km (16 mi) south-west of Bytów, and 98 km (61 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Ōmiya Hachimangū (Tokyo)

Ōmiya Hachiman Shrine (大宮八幡宮, Ōmiya Hachimangū) is a Shinto shrine located in Suginami, Tokyo, Japan. It is a Hachiman shrine, dedicated to the kami Hachiman. It was established in 1063. Its main festival is held annually on September 15. Kami enshrined here include Emperor Ōjin, Empress Jingū and Emperor Chūai in addition to Hachiman.
# Joseph F. Ryter

Joseph Francis Ryter (February 4, 1914 – February 5, 1978) was a U.S. Representative from Connecticut.
Born in Hartford, Connecticut, to Polish immigrants, Ryter attended the parochial schools and St. Thomas Seminary, Bloomfield, Connecticut. He was graduated from Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut, in 1935 and from Hartford (Connecticut) College of Law in 1938. He was admitted to the bar in 1938 and commenced practice in Hartford, Connecticut. He served as assistant clerk of Hartford Police Court 1939–1941, and of Hartford City Court 1941–1943. He served as delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1940. He served as president of Pulaski Federation of Democratic Clubs of Connecticut 1939–1942.
Ryter was elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-ninth Congress (January 3, 1945 – January 3, 1947). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1946 to the Eightieth Congress. He resumed the practice of his profession. Resided in West Hartford, Connecticut, where he died February 5, 1978. He was interred in Mount Saint Benedict Cemetery, Bloomfield, Connecticut.
# 4EU+ Alliance

The 4EU+ European University Alliance comprises 8 European universities: Charles University (Prague, Czech Republic), Heidelberg University (Germany), Sorbonne University (Paris, France), Panthéon-Assas University Paris (France), University of Copenhagen (Denmark), University of Milan (Italy), University of Warsaw (Poland) and University of Geneva (Switzerland).

## History

The alliance was launched in 2017 by Charles University, along with the University of Heidelberg, Sorbonne University and the University of Warsaw; the official founding act took place on March 10, 2018, with the signing of a joint declaration in Paris.
The University of Copenhagen and the University of Milan joined the alliance in October 2018. On February 28, 2019, Alliance 4EU + and 53 other university alliances submitted an application for funding under the “European Universities” call of the European Erasmus+ program. The funding application has been accepted.
The University of Geneva joined the alliance in August 2022.

## Missions

Alliance 4EU+ aims to develop cooperation in the fields of training and education, research and administration, as well as an infrastructure that seamlessly brings together students, teachers, researchers and administrative staff.
Four multidisciplinary flagship programs have been adopted:
* Health and demographic change in the urban environment;
* “Europe in a changing world": understanding and involving societies, economies, cultures and languages;
* Transforming science and society through advances in information and communication technologies;
* Biodiversity and sustainable development.

## Members

Alliance members are prestigious public universities in six European countries, in four regions for which the European Union has adopted macro-regional strategies (Adriatic-Ionian region, Alpine region, Baltic Sea region, Danube region):
| Institution | Country | City | Joined | Founded |
| Heidelberg University | Germany | Heidelberg | 2018 | 1386 |
| University of Copenhagen | Denmark | Copenhagen | 2018 | 1479 |
| Sorbonne University | France | Paris | 2018 | 1257 |
| Panthéon-Assas University | France | Paris | 2023 | 1257 |
| University of Warsaw | Poland | Warsaw | 2018 | 1816 |
| University of Milan | Italy | Milan | 2018 | 1924 |
| Charles University | Czech Republic | Prague | 2018 | 1348 |
| University of Geneva | Switzerland | Geneva | 2022 | 1559 |
# James Augustus Stewart

James Augustus Stewart (November 24, 1808 – April 3, 1879) was an American politician and jurist.

## Early life

James Augustus Stewart was born on November 24, 1808, at "Tobacco Stick" (now Madison) in Dorchester County, Maryland, to Joseph Stewart. His father was a shipbuilder in Church Creek. Stewart attended local schools. He attended Franklin College in Baltimore, and studied law under E. I. Finley. He was admitted to the bar in 1829.

## Career

Stewart commenced a law practice in Cambridge, Maryland. He also engaged in the building of ships and houses. In 1833, he started a Democratic paper, the Cambridge Aurora. From 1840 to 1841, he was director of the Easton branch of Farmer's Bank of Maryland.
Stewart was an unsuccessful candidate for election in 1838 to the Twenty-sixth Congress, and served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Dorchester County, from 1843 to 1845. He was a member of the Ways and Means committee. He was a delegate to the 1844 Democratic National Convention and the 1856 Democratic National Convention. He was elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-fourth, Thirty-fifth, and Thirty-sixth Congresses, serving from March 4, 1855, to March 3, 1861. During the Thirty-fifth Congress, Stewart served as chairman of the Committee on Patents.
Stewart was not a candidate for renomination to Congress in 1860, and resumed his law practice and farming in Cambridge. In 1855, he was appointed to replace Ara Spence. He became a judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals and served as chief justice of the circuit court from 1867 to his death. In 1878, his eligibility was extended to January 1, 1883, so he could serve as judge beyond the age of 70.
Stewart was a large land owner in Dorchester County and various shipping vessels.

## Personal life

Stewart married Rebecca Sophia Eccleston on January 31, 1837. They had six children, including Donald, Alfred and Billy.
Stewart died from "cancer in the face" on April 3, 1879, at his home in Cambridge. He is interred in Christ Protestant Episcopal Church Cemetery.
# Stanley Kubrick Archive

The Stanley Kubrick Archive is held by the University of the Arts London in their Archives and Special Collection Centre at the London College of Communication. The Archive opened in October 2007 and contains material collected and owned by the film director Stanley Kubrick (1928–1999). It was transferred from his home in 2007 through a gift by his family. It contains much of Kubrick's working material that was accumulated during his lifetime.
The collection spans Kubrick's career as a photographer for Look and as a film director. His films are: Fear and Desire, Killer's Kiss, The Killing, Paths of Glory, Spartacus, Lolita, Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb, 2001: A Space Odyssey, A Clockwork Orange, Barry Lyndon, The Shining, Full Metal Jacket and Eyes Wide Shut. Kubrick also planned to make a number of other films; two in particular were abandoned just before production, Napoleon and The Aryan Papers. He also played an important role in the conception of AI: Artificial Intelligence, although it was completed after his death by Steven Spielberg.
The collection held by the university is made up of a range of material including props, scripts, research, production paperwork such as call sheets, costumes and photographs for all his films and Look, as well as material for those projects that were conceived but never visualised. By maintaining a high degree of control in the film making process, Kubrick was able to retain material generated by his pioneering techniques, research and production work: arguably making this collection one of the most complete examples of film making practice worldwide.
The archive, prior to its donation to the university, is the subject of the documentary Stanley Kubrick's Boxes by Jon Ronson.
An internationally touring Stanley Kubrick exhibition (select dates between 2004-2022) included objects from the archive.
# Dirty Devil River

The Dirty Devil River is an 80-mile-long (130 km) tributary of the Colorado River, located in the U.S. state of Utah. It flows through southern Utah from the confluence of the Fremont River and Muddy Creek before emptying into the Colorado River at Lake Powell.

## Course

The Dirty Devil River is formed in Wayne County near Hanksville at the confluence of the Fremont River and Muddy Creek. It flows generally southward through a 2,000-foot-deep (610 m) canyon in Wayne and Garfield counties. Its lower 20 miles (32 km) flows through Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, where it finally disembogues into the Colorado River at a point that is now submerged beneath Lake Powell.
The canyon carved by the river is particularly isolated and seldom visited compared to other natural areas in the region. The average discharge is approximately 446 cubic feet per second.

## History

The Dirty Devil River was named by the 1869 Powell Geographic Expedition led by John Wesley Powell, which explored much of the Colorado River and its tributaries. It was named for the extreme salinity and turbidity of the water near its mouth. Powell later contrasted it with a much cleaner stream in the Grand Canyon, which he named Bright Angel Creek.
The outlaw Butch Cassidy and his gang used tributary canyons of the Dirty Devil, such as Robbers Roost, as a hideout in the 1890s.

## Geology

The Dirty Devil River and its tributaries contribute approximately 150,000 tons of salt to the Colorado River each year, with the Muddy Creek tributary contributing an annual average of 86,000 tons by itself. The Fremont River tributary does not contribute significant amounts of salt. The United States Bureau of Reclamation drew up a plan to reduce the salinity of the Dirty Devil River by collecting salty spring water and using deep-well injection to dispose of it. The plan, finalized in 1987, has not been implemented due to its marginal cost effectiveness.

## Bridges

The river is spanned by a bridge a few miles northwest of the Hite Crossing Bridge, a steel arch bridge over the Colorado River on State Route 95 near milepost 45 in Garfield County. It is also spanned by a bridge on State Route 24 a few miles NE of Hanksville, UT, just downstream from the confluence of Muddy Creek and the Fremont river.
# Joshua Biggs

Joshua Biggs (January 1, 1821 – July 9, 1888) was an American politician and miller from Maryland. He represented Frederick County as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates from 1861 to 1862 and in 1864, and as a member of the Maryland Senate from 1868 to 1870.

## Early life

Joshua Biggs was born on January 1, 1821, at the Buck Forest farm, to Sarah (née Haines) and William Biggs. He graduated from Pennsylvania College. He taught school and studied medicine.

## Career

Prior to the Civil War, Biggs was a Whig. After the war, he was a Democrat. He was school inspector of Frederick County from 1851 to 1865. He became director of the Western Maryland Railroad Company in 1866. He was also director of the Baltimore County Fire Insurance Company.
Biggs served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Frederick County, from 1861 to 1862 and in 1864. He served as a member of the Maryland Senate, representing Frederick County, from 1868 to 1870.
Biggs owned 500 acres (200 ha) of farmland and the Isabella Mills on Owens Creek. Around 1885, he turned over his mill and depot businesses to his sons.

## Personal life

Biggs married Phoebe S. Morrison on November 11, 1856. They had four sons, including William and Sheridan. In 1870, he built a residence and depot at Rocky Ridge.
Biggs had cancer in his jaw in March 1887. He died on July 9, 1888, at Rocky Ridge. He was interred in Rocky Ridge.
# Andrew Ege

Andrew Gailbraith Ege (January 6, 1812 – November 24, 1876) was an American lawyer, farmer, and politician. He was a member of the Maryland House of Delegates representing Carroll County from 1845 to 1846. He is also known for the construction of the Antrim 1844 in Taneytown, Maryland.

## Personal life

Ege was born in Boiling Springs, Pennsylvania, on January 6, 1812. He attended the Academy of Dr. McGraw and Mount St. Mary's University in Emmitsburg, Maryland. After his father's death in 1827, he and his brother inherited Carlisle Ironworks, operator of the Pine Grove Iron Works, in Boiling Springs. In 1834, he married Margaret Ann McKaleb in Frederick County, Maryland, returning to Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and becoming active in Whig Party politics. From 1845 to 1846, Ege represented Carroll County in the Maryland House of Delegates, representing the Whig Party alongside Colonels Thomas Hook and James Shellman. Afterwards, Ege fought as a soldier and officer in the Mexican–American War, earning the rank of colonel. In 1850, Ege participated in the Maryland Constitutional Convention, representing Carroll County.
Following Margaret's death in 1851, Ege remarried and moved his family west to Kansas. He quickly entered into a partnership in the real estate business with Brigadier-General M. Jeff Thompson, eventually becoming the owner of over eight thousand acres of land and other properties in Kansas. He eventually settled down in Troy, Kansas, where he lived until his death on November 24, 1876. He was 64 years old.

### Antrim 1844

Following the death of Margaret's only brother in 1841 and her father in January 1843, she and Ege inherited the family's 420-acre estate in Taneytown, Maryland. Once the couple were settled in Taneytown, they began construction of a manor on the property, involving Baltimore builder Benjamin Forrester, William Henry Rinehart, and slave labor. On the lands, Ege operated a large slave plantation, raising 14 horses, 12 milk cows, and 18 other cattle, which produced 1,000 pounds of butter. He also produced 900 bushes of wheat, rye, corn, oats, potatoes, and hay on the acreage.
After Ege went bankrupt, a local farmer bought the estate, whose descendants expanded the land holdings and continued operating it as a farm until the 1940s. The property transitioned into a bed and breakfast after it was purchased in 1988.
# HD 90853

HD 90853 is a single star in the southern constellation Carina. It has the Bayer designation s Carinae, while HD 90853 is the identifier from the Henry Draper catalogue. This is a variable star with an apparent visual magnitude that ranges from 3.36 down to 3.51, and thus is bright enough to be visible to the naked eye. It is located at a distance of approximately 1,340 light-years from the Sun based on parallax, and has an absolute magnitude of −4.44. The star is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +9 km/s.
This is an aging bright giant or supergiant star that has been assigned stellar classifications of F2II and F0Ib, respectively. It has seven times the mass of the Sun and has expanded to 45 times the Sun's radius. It is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 22 km/s. The star is radiating 3,466 times the luminosity of the Sun from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 6,598 K.