OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tokin (headwear)

The tokin (頭襟、兜巾、頭巾、ときん) is a small, black, box-shaped hat traditional to Japan, which yamabushi (mountain ascetic hermits) of shugendō wear on their foreheads. The tokin has been worn since the Kamakura period (1185–1333) or the Muromachi period (1336–1573).

## Yamabushi and tengu

The tokin is one of the standard items which yamabushi wear as a uniform. When practising shugendō in the deep mountains, they wear suzukake, a set consisting of upper robe and trousers, Yuigesa (結袈裟), a harness or sash adorned with pom-poms on the body, irataka nenju (Buddhist Prayer beads) on the side, a tokin on the head, Kyahan (脚絆), on the calves, sandals made from straw, hold Shakujō (錫杖), a metal rod, in their hands, wear Oi (笈), a kind of backpack, and katabako, a box borne on the shoulders containing prayers, paperwork and writing supplies, and blow a Horagai (法螺貝) (conch-shell horn). These sacred items may guard them from the malicious spirits, thus they are safe in the deep forests. This style was established in the Kamakura or Muromachi period, and the contemporary yamabushi keep this tradition today.
Tengu, dangerous yet protective spirits of the mountains and forests, are depicted in the style of yamabushi, and are also shown wearing the tokin.

## Forms and symbolism

The tokin is usually a small, black box-shaped hat, which is made of lacquered and hardened cloth or wood. The top of the tokin looks like a small round tower. It has the pentagonal box shape, and twelve folds surround this pentagon.
Its pentagonal form represents gochi no hōkan, the jeweled crown of the five wisdoms, which is the crown of the buddha Vairocana. Twelve folds represent jūni-innen (Twelve Nidānas); the color black represents the kleshas of human beings.
There are also different forms of tokin. Large-type tokin cover the head entirely.

## Tokin and zukin

In common and modern Japanese, the word tokin is rendered with the same kanji as the word 頭巾 (zukin), another type of Japanese headgear that mainly wraps or folds cloth to cover the head and face; however, despite being written identically, tokin and zukin are quite different.
# Doctors to Be

Doctors to Be is a biographical documentary series that was first broadcast on BBC Two by BBC Television and is also the name of a book, published by BBC Books, that accompanies the series. The television series follows 10 medical students who enrolled at St Mary's Hospital Medical School (now a part of Imperial College School of Medicine) in the 1985 intake of students. It starts in 1984 with their admission interviews, then follows them through five or six years as medical students, and ends with their first experiences of working as busy junior hospital doctors in the National Health Service.
The BBC decided to make the series in 1983 and the BBC contacted several medical schools. The BBC selected St Mary's Hospital Medical School, London, England, partly because the dean, Prof Peter Richards, was enthusiastic about filming and thought that medical education was of public interest. Filming began in November 1984 when applicants were applying for university and going to interviews for the 1985 intake at St Mary's Hospital Medical School. St Mary's Medical School interviewed 419 applicants and 100 of these interviews were filmed. In the autumn of 1985, when studies had started, every student in the year was asked if they wanted to take part in the television series, and 10 students, who were thought to be outgoing and resilient to the pressures of filming, were chosen by the BBC. Each of the 10 medical students was filmed regularly and about 300 hours of film accumulated in total.
The series was one of the nominations for the best factual series at the 1992 British Academy Television Awards, although it did not win an award. An update, Doctors to Be: 20 Years On, was first broadcast on BBC Four in 2007.

## Participating medical students

The series focused on 10 medical students who enrolled at St Mary's Hospital Medical School, London in the 1985 intake:
* Dong Ching Chiu – A foreign student of Chinese origin from Sarawak, Malaysia. She moved to England aged 15 years to do her O levels and then A-levels at a boarding school, and she was aged 19 years at the time of her interview. Completed GP training
* David Copping – Completed GP training.
* Mark George – Completed training in general surgery.
* Jane Gilbert – Worked for a few years in ITV shows, now writes health articles.
* Will Liddell – A postgraduate, who attended admission interviews at age 26 years Completed GP training.
* Sarah Martindale – Completed anaesthetics training.
* Jane Morris –
* Fey Probst – Married at age 18 years, she was a mother of four before she became a medical student at age 26 years. Completed A&E training.
* John Shephard – A mature applicant of 28 years. He left school at age 16 years to join the Royal Fleet Auxiliary and married at the age of 20. He resigned his job in 1984 to start a one-year A-level course at a local college.
* Ese Stacey – She is in private practice, primarily in sports medicine. Completed GP training, followed by Sports & Exercise Medicine.
* Nick Hollings - Radiologist
# Frances Cleveland Axtell

Frances Sevilla Cleveland Axtell (June 12, 1866 – May 27, 1953) was an American clubwoman, suffragist, politician, and federal official. She was one of the first female legislators in the United States of America, elected to the Washington House of Representatives in 1912. She was an appointed member of the Federal Employees' Compensation Commission during the Wilson administration.

## Early life and education

Cleveland was born in Sterling, Illinois, the daughter of William A. Cleveland and Mary Humaston Cleveland. Her father was a farmer and stock-raiser. Axtell earned a bachelor's degree (Ph.B.) in 1889 and a master's degree in 1892, both at DePauw University in Indiana, where she was a member of Kappa Alpha Theta.

## Career

Cleveland taught Latin and mathematics at Northwest Normal School as a young woman. She moved to Bellingham, Washington, then known as New Whatcom, with her husband and two young daughters in 1894. She was the first president of the New Whatcom Ladies Cooperative Society, and a founding member of the city's Aftermath Club. She unsuccessfully ran for school district district in Bellingham in 1897, and worked for women's suffrage in Washington State.
Running on the Republican ticket, with poet Ella Rhoads Higginson as her campaign manager, Axtell was elected to the 54th District of the Washington House of Representatives representing Bellingham in 1912. Axtell was an advocate for a minimum wage, the banning of child labor, workers' compensation, and pensions for the elderly, disabled, and widows. She also helped change aspects of criminal law, especially violent assault.
Axtell nearly became a U.S. senator in 1916, losing by about three thousand votes. Her relationship with her brother Frederick, who worked in the administration of President William Howard Taft, coupled with the publicity surrounding her 1916 attempt as a senator, brought her to the attention of President Woodrow Wilson. On January 5, 1917, President Wilson appointed her to the Federal Employees' Compensation Commission. She was one of the highest ranked women in the Wilson administration. She served as chair of the Commission in 1918 to 1921. In 1917, she spoke at the national meeting of the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA).
After her term of office in Washington, D.C., ended, Axtell returned to Washington State, and ran for another Senate seat in 1922, again without success. From about 1930 to 1936, she was Supervisor of Mothers' Pensions and a probation officer in Bellingham. She moved to Seattle in 1944, where she continued active in clubs and churchwork.

## Personal life and legacy

Cleveland married physician William Henry Axtell in 1891. The couple had two daughters, Ruth Axtell (née Burnett), born 1892, and Helen "Grace" Frances Axtell, born 1901. She died on May 27, 1953, in Seattle. Her house in Bellingham, known as the Axtell House, was divided into apartments in her later years, and is considered a historic site in the city.
# Otto Tibulski

Otto Tibulski (15 December 1912 – 25 February 1991) was a German footballer who played as a defender for Schalke 04 and Hertha BSC. He also represented the Germany national team, earning two caps between 1936 and 1939.
His elder brother Hans Tibulski was also an international footballer (they are among 14 sets of siblings to have played for Germany).
# Liliyana Aleksandrova

Liliyana Lyubenova Aleksandrova (Bulgarian: Лиляна Любенова Александрова) (born 26 February 1943) is a Bulgarian gymnast. She competed in five events at the 1964 Summer Olympics.
# Jesse Slocumb

Jesse Slocumb (August 20, 1780 – December 20, 1820) was an American farmer and politician who served two terms as a U.S. Congressional Representative from North Carolina from 1817 until his death in 1820.

## Early life

Slocumb was born on a plantation near Dudley in Wayne County, North Carolina on August 20, 1780. He was the son of Revolutionary patriots Col. Ezekiel Slocumb (1750–1840) and Mary Hooks Slocumb (1760–1836), who had distinguished herself at the Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge in 1776.

## Career

He completed the preparatory studies and then engaged in agricultural pursuits, on a plantation six miles southeast of Goldsboro, North Carolina.

### Early political offices

He held several local offices and was a member of the court of pleas and quarter sessions of the county. He served as the register of deeds from 1802 until 1808.

### Congress

He was elected as a Federalist to succeed William Gaston to represent North Carolina's 4th congressional district in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Congresses and served from March 4, 1817, until his death. After his death, William S. Blackledge succeeded him.

## Personal life

Slocumb was married to Hannah Gray Green (1787–1848), a daughter of Joseph Green. Together, they were the parents of:
* Julia Ann Slocumb, who married David Bunting.
* Harriet Adeline Slocumb (1809–1875), who married Hiram Wildman Husted (1802–1868).
* John Charles Slocumb (b. 1811), who married Rachel R. Wright.
* Junius Greene Slocumb (b. 1815), who married Mary L. Boon.
Slocumb died of pleurisy in Washington, D.C., on December 20, 1820. He was buried in the Congressional Cemetery.
# Leżuchowo

Leżuchowo is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Dziemiany, within Kościerzyna County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-east of Dziemiany, 16 km (10 mi) south-west of Kościerzyna, and 67 km (42 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Jennifer Elkins

Jennifer Elkins is a Democratic politician from Michigan who served one term in the Michigan House of Representatives, in 2003 and 2004, until being unseated by Tim Moore. Prior to her election to the House, Elkins was a member of the Clare County Board of Commissioners.
Elkins was passionate about youth and social services, serving as a member of the executive committee of the Mid-Michigan Community Action Agency, as vice chair of the Human Services Coordinating Body during her tenure on the county board, as a member of the Michigan Association of Counties' Human Services Committee, and with numerous other area and community organizations.
# Shirehorses

The Shirehorses were a spoof band comprising two BBC Radio DJs from Manchester, Mark Radcliffe and Marc Riley, known collectively as Mark and Lard.
As part of their BBC Radio 1 shows, the pair produced pastiches of chart songs, such as "You're Gormless", a parody of Babybird's "You're Gorgeous", "Lardy Boy", a parody of Placebo's "Nancy Boy", and "Why Is It Always Dairylea", spoofing Travis's "Why Does It Always Rain on Me?", using the band names 'Baby Bloke', 'Gazebo' and 'Dave Lee Travisty' respectively. When they rewrote The Seahorses' "Love Is the Law" as "(Now) I Know (Where I'm Going) Our Kid", they chose the stage-name Shirehorses, which they then retained for future recordings and performances. Other parodies include "I Want a Roll with It" (spoofing "Roll with It" by Oasis), "Feel Like Shite" ("Alright" by Supergrass), and "Country Spouse" ("Country House" by Blur).
The band toured extensively, playing many small, university gigs to exploit their popularity with students. However, they also performed at larger venues, supporting Blur on a 1997 UK tour, taking in several stadia, and appearing at Glastonbury Festival in 1997.
Marc Riley was formerly a member of British Manchester band the Fall and later the Creepers before embarking on a radio presentation career alongside Mark Radcliffe. Formerly a double act on BBC Radio 1, in March 2004 they went their separate ways, Radcliffe initially to BBC Radio 2, Riley to BBC Radio 6 Music and later joined at the station by Mark Radcliffe as part of the afternoon Radcliffe and Maconie show.

## Discography

The Shirehorses have released two albums to date:
* The Worst...Album in the World...Ever...EVER!, a parody of the long string of compilation albums released in the UK since the 1990s called The Best (genre) Album in the world ever!.
* Our Kid Eh, a play on the name of Radiohead's album, Kid A.
# Paul Fischer (sailor)

Paul Elmar Fischer (born 3 May 1922) was a German sailor. He competed in the Star event at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Hyalocylis striata

Hyalocylis striata is a species of Hyalocylis, a pteropod. It is a gastropod mollusk.

## Distribution

This marine species is circumtropical and is commonly found in deep waters

## Etymology

Hyalocylis, from Ancient Greek “υαλινος”, “of crystal or glass”. Striata, because of the numerous and regular grooves of the shell that indicate its successive enlargements.
# Lakshmanbhog

The Lakshmanbhog is a mango with very sweet taste, which is grown and harvested in the Indian state of West Bengal. Since 2008, the term Malda Laxman Bhog Mango is a registered geographical indication referring to the product—the Laxmanbhog mango—produced within Malda district. Apart from West Bengal, this mango is cultivated in Bihar and the neighboring country of Bangladesh. Mangoes are almost fibreless and agreeable in flavor; attractive orange yellow in color and very sweet in taste.
In the middle of the mango season, usually June, these mangoes ripen, and are harvested from the trees and marketed. Malda district has about 32,000 hectares of mango orchards. The Government of India and the Government of West Bengal have chosen Lakshmanbhog with Himsagar (Khirsapat) as export varieties along with Alphonso mango.
# Justin Jin

Justin Jin (born 1974) is a Hong Kong-born Belgian photojournalist. He is a journalist for the South China Morning Post and a photographer for the National Geographic.
Jin attained a bachelor's degree in philosophy and his master of arts in political science at Cambridge University. Jin started his career as a correspondent for Reuters.

## Notable works

* 2012: Zone of Absolute Discomfort, about Russian Arctic (POYi award) It is a work about gas extraction in Northers Siberia, created during several visits over the previous decade
* 2020: Jens Mühling (text), Justin Jin (photos), "Eiszeit am Baikal" ("Ice Age in Baikal")
* 2022: Heroes of Hydrogen, a photoboook. The 2022 book covers four stories: about decarbonization efforts of Swedish steelmaker SSAB; about a French energy entrepreneur Thierry Lepercq, founder of Solairedirect; on how "a Croatian team invents a machine that turns faeces and other wastes into hydrogen-rich gas"; and about the first "hydrogen valley" in the Netherlands. In 2022 King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands was presented with the first copy by Hydrogen Europe and New Energy Coalition.
* 2023: China: the high-achieving child, on the childhood policies of China

## Awards

* 2009: Hansel Mieth Prize for "Sein ist die Rache" ("His Is Revenge") by Erwin Koch (text), Justin Jin (photos), about the military conflict in Caucasus published in Die Zeit
* 2013: Pictures of the Year international (POYi) (for 2012): Award of Excellence in the Science and Natural History, Picture Story category for his work on the Russian Arctic, Zone of Absolute Discomfort
* 2020: Hansel Mieth Prize for "Eiszeit am Baikal" ("Ice Age in Baikal")
* 2023: China: the high-achieving child was nominated for the UNICEF Photo of the Year Award and received the honorable mention.
* 2023: Pictures of the Year international (POYi) (for 2022): Award of Excellence in the Environmental Vision category for his series Fuel of the Future, Now about hydrogen-based energy

## Personal

His wife, Heleen, is a Dutch video journalist.
# Giovanni Bisignani

Giovanni Bisignani (born 1946) is an Italian businessman, who was Director General and Chief Executive Officer of the International Air Transport Association from 2002 to 2011.

## Education

Bisignani was born in Rome, and received an undergraduate degree from the Sapienza University of Rome. He later studied as graduate student at Harvard Business School.

## Career

Bisignani has managerial and business advisory experience, mostly in the transportation field, including:
* ENI, a European energy company
* Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale, an Italian industrial group
* Tirrenia di Navigazione, Italy's largest ferry company (President)
* SM Logistics, a group of companies involved in logistics and freight forwarding (CEO)
* Alitalia, Italy's largest airline company (CEO and Managing Director)
* IATA's Board of Governors (member)
* Association of European Airlines (Chairman)
* Pratt & Whitney Advisory Board (member)
* National Air Traffic Services Advisory Board (member).
Bisignani was Director General and CEO of IATA from 2002 to 2011. He was succeeded by Tony Tyler, who joined IATA from Cathay Pacific Airways where he was the CEO.

## Publications

After retiring from IATA, Bisignani published Shaking the Skies, a book covering his experience there, focussing on leadership issues, governance and the role of executives in executing a strategic vision for their industry

## Policies

Since 2002, Bisignani has led a number of initiatives reshaping air transport:
* Safety: the IATA Operational Safety Audit is an internationally recognized and accepted evaluation system designed to assess the operational management and control systems of an airline.
* Environment: while air transport’s contribution to climate change is limited to 2% of global carbon emissions Bisignani is driving the industry to achieve carbon neutral growth by 2020 and to cut aviation’s carbon emissions by half in 2050. www.iata.org/environment
* Simplifying the Business (Stb): Bisignani initiated this program using technology to improve customer convenience and reduce costs in 2004. In 2008, 100% e-ticketing was achieved throughout the industry. The StB project is now targeting industry savings of $17 billion with initiatives ranging from bar coded boarding passes to Fast Travel, Baggage Improvement Program and e-freight.

## Personal life

Born in Rome in 1946, Bisignani speaks Italian, English, and Spanish. He is married with one daughter and enjoys golf, tennis and riding. Giovanni Bisignani is the brother of Luigi, Italian businessman and professional journalist which was closely friend of Andreotti, and for 20 years worked for ANSA, the national centralized Agency Press.

## Awards

* Honorary Doctorate from Cranfield University, UK in 2008, for his work in the air transport industry.
* L. Welch Pogue Award for Lifetime Achievement in Aviation, 2011.
* ATW's 2012 Airline Industry - Decade of Excellence Award
# Huon d'Auvergne

Huon d'Auvergne is an early modern romance-epic written in Franco-Italian, a hybrid literary language. Huon d'Auvergne has remained largely unedited, with only selected segments appearing in print. Far better known is the Tuscan prose version by Andrea da Barberino, dated to the early fifteenth century. One of the first, if not the first, work to incorporate Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy with direct quotes from Inferno, the romance-epic's language has kept it from wide appreciation. The poetic form, language, and narrative content of the four extant witnesses demonstrate how a synoptic, or simultaneous, online edition of the multiple manuscripts can fulfill the need for reliable texts as well as research about the tradition and trajectory of its exemplars. An edition project is underway as of January 2013.

## Manuscripts in the Franco-Italian tradition

The only surviving witnesses of the work are four manuscripts:
* manuscript P (Padova, Biblioteca del Seminario Vescovile cod. 32), the only version with a lengthy prologue
* manuscript Br (Bologna, Biblioteca dell’Archiginnasio B 3489), a short fragment of a few folios, known as the Barbieri fragment
* manuscript B (Berlin, Kupferstichkabinett 78 D 8 / codice Hamilton 337), dated 1341 in the colophon, that belonged to the library of the Gonzaga; this the only parchment manuscript (the others are paper)
* manuscript T (Torino, Biblioteca Nazionale Universitaria N.III.19), with a similar plot to B
The manuscript texts are not all the same; they hold different and independent versions; these are usually divided into three parts: prologue, epilogue and central part.
The prologue (present only in the P manuscript) and the epilogue (present in manuscripts B and T) are extensive, and narratively independent.
The central part appears in all of the four manuscripts, though with many differing details:
* the approximately 1200 lines that remain in Br (which contains only sections of the central portions, but that stops before the Hell episode) is related to P
* B and T on the other hand agree almost entirely, other than by a few lines with the exception of the Ynide episode, and a missing episode (the siege of Auvergne) confirms their relationship, though neither of the two manuscripts derives from the other

## Andrea da Barberino's prose

Andrea da Barberino also produced a prose "romanzo" called Storia di Ugone d'Alvernia in Tuscan prose (in five known manuscripts) where, during the narration of the infernal catabasis written in terzine, the prose functions as a gloss, appearing between poetic lines to clarify meanings details.
# Paul Maue

Paul Maue (born 4 January 1932) is a German former cyclist. He competed in the individual and team road race events at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Dimitrinka Filipova

Dimitrinka Filipova (Bulgarian: Димитринка Филипова) (born 7 May 1966) is a Bulgarian gymnast. She competed in six events at the 1980 Summer Olympics.
# Linia, Pomeranian Voivodeship

Linia is a village in Wejherowo County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Linia. It lies approximately 27 kilometres (17 mi) south-west of Wejherowo and 47 km (29 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk. Kashubian is spoken in the village as a secondary language.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania. Every year, the local Communal Cultural Centre organise the Kashubian Embroidery Competition in the village.