OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Blacas ewer

The Blacas ewer is a brass ewer, inlaid with silver and copper, made by an esteemed man, Shuja' ibn Man'a al-Mawsili in Mosul in April or May 1232 (Rajab, 629 AH). One of the most important and well-known pieces of metalwork from Mosul, it was likely commissioned for Badr al-Din Lu'lu', who was already the de facto ruler of Mosul when the ewer was made and who officially became ruler one year later. Until 1997, the Blacas ewer was the only known piece of metalwork with an inscription explicitly saying it was made in Mosul.$^{:12}$ $^{:23}$ Because of this inscription, it forms one of the core items of the contested "Mosul School" of metalwork, since its Mosuli provenance is undisputed.$^{:23,30}$
The Blacas ewer is the only known work by Shuja' ibn Man'a.$^{:23}$ It formed the part of the personal collection of the French antiquarian Pierre Louis Jean Casimir de Blacas, which was published in 1828.$^{:12}$ It is now on display at the British Museum in London, which has owned it since 1866.
The Blacas Ewer is missing its foot and spout, but it doesn’t take away from the beautiful designs, structure, and origins of the ewer. It is decorated with a geometric fretwork background punctuated by several small and large multi-lobed medallions. Inside the medallions are figural scenes depicting a wide variety of courtly activities: hunting, sports, and feasts with music and dance. There are also literary scenes, such as a depiction of Bahram Gur hunting on camelback while Azadeh plays the harp by his side—a story from the Shahnama. Several scenes depict "women of high social rank": for example, one scene depicts a woman riding a camel, another depicts a veiled woman playing the lute, and another shows a woman sitting cross-legged while admiring herself in the mirror. The overall design composition is reminiscent of Chinese textiles, which may have served as an inspiration. In this case, though, the design is interrupted by an octagonal symbol filled with geometric patterns, which may have been a brand mark or guild emblem.$^{:30–1}$
The scenes illustrated on the ewer depict contemporary life of the wealthy and powerful, likely reflecting the high status of its original owner.
* Blacas Ewer, Mosul, 1232, British Museum.
* Hunting scene on the Blacas ewer, 1232, Mosul, Zengid dynasty.
* Regnal scene on the Blacas ewer, 1232, Mosul, Zengid dynasty.
* Blacas ewer, combat scene.
* Blacas ewer, ruler wearing the Turkic hat sharbush, with attendants.
* Sculpture of ewer, Mosul.
# Keiko Sena

Keiko Kuroda (黒田 恵子, Kuroda Keiko, December 3, 1932 – October 23, 2024), known by her pen name Keiko Sena (せな けいこ, Sena Keiko), was a Japanese illustrator, children's book writer, and kamishibai artist. She wrote approximately 100 books, largely published by Poplar and Fukuinkan Shoten.
Born in interwar Tokyo, Sena graduated from the all-girls Ochanomizu University Senior High School [ja] and went on to study painting under Takeo Takei, one of Japan's most prominent children's illustrators of the 20th century. She was known for her distinctive use of collage to illustrate her work. A "master storyteller", her books have been described to reveal "a deep understanding of children" and feature "charming simplicity with the satisfying bite of fairy tale grim."

## Life and work

Sena made her debut in 1969 at the age of 37 with her first book, Iya da iya da (いやだいやだ, lit. 'No way, no way'); it was a runaway success, and led to three more publications in the same year, including her most famous work, Nenai ko dare da (ねないこだれだ, lit. 'Who's the child who doesn't sleep?') which has sold over 3.5 million copies to-date. Along with Megane usagi (めがねうさぎ, lit. 'Glasses-wearing rabbit'), published in 1975, Sena's early books introduced many recurring characters which appear throughout her works, including Lulu, Rabbit, and Ghost. These three books, among others, were later published in English by R.I.C. Publications under the titles I Don't Want to!, Don't Want to Go to Bed?, and Gracie Meets a Ghost.
Sena often featured yōkai and obake as characters in her books. Throughout her life, she also wrote children's songs, and in 2016 published an autobiography.
Her daughter, Kaoru Kuroda, is also a children's book writer and illustrator, many of which feature her mother's characters.

## Death

Sena died at her home in Kanagawa Prefecture on October 23, 2024, at the age of 91.

## Awards and exhibitions

Sena was a member of the Japan Children's Book Artists Society and was awarded the 17th Sankei Children's Book Award in 1970. Her books are considered classics in Japan. Many remain on bestseller lists decades after publication, and can be found in bookstores across the country.
Between 2019 and 2020, an exhibition celebrating the 50th anniversary of Don't Want to Go to Bed? was held across Osaka, Aichi, Kanagawa, Hiroshima, Okayama, and Hokkaido Prefectures, hosted by The Asahi Shimbun Company. In 2020, her artwork was featured in a solo exhibition at the Hiroshima Museum of Art.
# Keith McDonald (American football)

Rodney Keith McDonald (born November 7, 1963) is a former American football wide receiver who played for the Houston Oilers and the Detroit Lions. He played college football for San Jose State. McDonald made his NFL debut in 1987 when the NFPLA went on strike.

## Early life and education

McDonald was born on November 7, 1963. He played high school football at Phineas Banning High School in Los Angeles, California. In high school, McDonald's play was described as "explosive", making the Second-Team All-Harbor in his senior year.
McDonald attended Santa Monica College where he stayed for two years before transferring to San Jose State. In his two seasons with the Spartans, McDonald put up 898 yards on 80 receptions and four touchdowns.

### College statistics

| Season | Team | GP | Receiving | Receiving | Receiving | Receiving |
| Season | Team | GP | Rec | Yds | Avg | TD |
| 1983 | San Jose State | 11 | 50 | 536 | 10.7 | 2 |
| 1984 | San Jose State | 11 | 30 | 362 | 12.1 | 2 |
| Total | Total | 22 | 80 | 898 | 11.2 | 4 |

## Professional career

After his 1984 season, McDonald signed with the USFL's Denver Gold but ultimately did not make the final roster. Before the 1985 NFL season, McDonald was signed to the Dallas Cowboys and reported to training camp, but was waived shortly after. McDonald would sign to the Los Angeles Rams a year later, but was also waived in training camp.
In 1987, due to the NFPLA strike, McDonald signed to the Houston Oilers as a replacement player. McDonald played his first NFL game against the Denver Broncos where he caught two passes for 31 yards. His first receiving touchdown came in his second game against the Cleveland Browns, where he took his only reception of the game 15 yards for the score. After the strike concluded, McDonald was waived from the team. Before the 1988 season, the Oilers re-signed McDonald but released him two months later. He would also briefly sign with the BC Lions.
McDonald signed to the Lions and played in their preseason games during the 1989 season, but was waived shortly before the beginning of the regular season. He was signed back to the active roster on October 11, 1989. He would play six regular season games for the Lions, catching for 194 yards on 16 receptions. He would be placed on injured reserve following a Week 12 game, ending his season.
McDonald would sign to the Los Angeles Raiders, but was waived. He would also sign with the San Diego Chargers but he would be injured in training camp.

### Career statistics

| Season | Team | GP | GS | Receiving | Receiving | Receiving | Receiving |
| Season | Team | GP | GS | Rec | Yds | Avg | TD |
| 1987 | Houston Oilers | 3 | 0 | 4 | 56 | 14.0 | 1 |
| 1989 | Detroit Lions | 6 | 3 | 12 | 138 | 11.5 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 9 | 3 | 16 | 194 | 12.1 | 1 |
# National Day of Sweden

National Day of Sweden (Swedish: Sveriges nationaldag ) is the National Day of Sweden, observed annually as a public holiday on 6 June. Prior to 1983, the day was celebrated only as the Swedish Flag Day (Swedish: Svenska flaggans dag). It was officially named the Swedish National Day by the parliament of Sweden in 1983, and became a public holiday in 2005. The day is celebrated in honor of the election of Gustav Vasa as King of Sweden in 1523 and of the adoption of the constitutions of 1809 and 1974.

## History

The tradition of celebrating this date began in 1916 at the Stockholm Olympic Stadium, in honor of the election of King Gustav Vasa on 6 June 1523 (according to the Julian calendar), as this was considered the foundation of modern Sweden. Some question the validity of this as a national holiday, as the event occurred so long ago that it does not have a strong a presence in the social consciousness as, for example, the Norwegian Constitution Day, Syttende mai.
In 2005, it became an official Swedish public holiday, replacing Whit Monday. This change led to fewer days off from work (more working-days) as 6 June will periodically fall on the weekend, unlike Whit Monday, which was always celebrated on a Monday. Among newer traditions that have emerged since National Day turned red day is an invitation from the King to the public to visit large parts of Stockholm Palace all day without the usual entry fees.

## Image gallery

* National Day Celebration at Stockholm Palace 2009
* Entrance to Stockholm Palace 2013
* Swedish UN soldiers awarded medals at on National Day 2012.
* National Day Celebration at Stockholm Palace outer court 2013
# Battle of Lukigura

The Battle of Lukigura was fought during the East African Campaign of World War I.
# Khaled Toukan

Khaled Awni Abdulrahman Toukan (Arabic: خالد عوني عبد الرحمن طوقان; born 1954) is the current chairman of the Jordan Atomic Energy Commission, Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East (SESAME), Director, Jordan 2005 – Present, Standing Advisory Group for Nuclear Energy to Director General of International Atomic Energy Agency, Member 2016 – Present , he served previously as the Minister of Energy for the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (2011), Minister of Education (2000-2008), and as Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research (2001–2002).

## Early and personal life

Born in Amman in 1954, Toukan is married with 3 children. He holds a Ph.D. in Nuclear Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1978–1982), an M.Sc. degree in Nuclear Engineering from University of Michigan (1976–1978), and a B.E. degree in Electrical Engineering from American University of Beirut (1971–1976).

## Academic career

Toukan was the president of Al-Balqa` Applied University from (1997–2001). He also held the position of acting dean of Faculty of Engineering & Technology and professor of industrial engineering at the University of Jordan, currently he is a member of the university's board of trustees, research scientist at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, and associate research scientist at the King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia.
Toukan is a member of the International High-Level EFA Group, a member of H.M. King Abdullah II Economic Consultative Council, acting director of SESAME, and the Jordan representative to SESAME Council and Vice –Chairman.

## Ministerial roles

| × | Term start | Term end | Office | Head of Government |
| 1 | 9 February 2011 | 17 November 2011 | Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources | Marouf al-Bakhit |
| 2 | 27 November 2005 | 22 November 2007 | Minister of Education, Higher Education and Scientific Research | Marouf al-Bakhit |
| 3 | 7 April 2005 | 24 November 2005 | Minister of Education, Higher Education and Scientific Research | Adnan Badran |
| 4 | 25 October 2003 | 5 April 2005 | Minister of Education | Faisal al-Fayez |
| 5 | 21 July 2003 | 22 October 2003 | Minister of Education | Ali Abu al-Ragheb |
| 6 | 14 January 2002 | 20 July 2003 | Minister of Education | Ali Abu al-Ragheb |
| 7 | 20 September 2001 | 14 January 2002 | Minister of Education, Higher Education and Scientific Research | Ali Abu al-Ragheb |
| 8 | 19 June 2006 | 1 September 2001 | Minister of Education | Ali Abu al-Ragheb |

## Awards

Toukan's awards include the UNESCO Gandhi Medal of Peace, (2003), the Royal Grand Gordon of Alkukab Al-Urduni, (2003), the Theos, J, Thompson Fellowship (1980–81) in the Department of Nuclear Engineering at M.I.T., and the Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst.and American Academy of arts and sciences. and ⁠Nature magazine. and ⁠French president’s award.
# Milwaukee Mandolin Orchestra

The Milwaukee Mandolin Orchestra, also known as The Bonne Amie Musical Circle, is a mandolin ensemble which was established in 1900 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. They are the oldest ensemble of their kind in the United States.

## History

The group was founded in 1900 as the Bonne Amie Musical Circle. It reformed in 1982 under the Milwaukee Mandolin Orchestra name. As late as 1990, under the direction of Ernest Brusubardis, the group had only 11 members. Starting in the 1990s the group expanded, playing public concerts in other major cities and releasing recorded music. In a review of the concert in 2000 celebrating the group's centennial, Elaine Schmidt of the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel described them as "not the tightest ensemble in town, nor the most polished." The Orchestra was a guest on A Prairie Home Companion twice in 2006. One member, Jacob Scokir, played with the group from 1938 until his death in 2008.
# Michael Woods II

Michael Woods II (born March 19, 2000) is an American professional football wide receiver for the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Arkansas and Oklahoma.

## Early life

Woods grew up in Magnolia, Texas and attended Magnolia High School. He caught 155 passes for 2,988 yards and 41 touchdowns in three varsity seasons at Magnolia. Woods was rated a three-star recruit and initially committed to play college football at SMU. He later decommitted and signed to play at Arkansas after SMU coach Chad Morris was hired by the school.

## College career

Woods began his college career at Arkansas. He started seven games had 18 receptions for 206 yards and one touchdown as a freshman. Woods gained 423 receiving yards while leading the team with 33 catches and four touchdown receptions in his sophomore season. As a junior, he caught 32 passes for 619 yards and five touchdowns. Woods entered the NCAA transfer portal in April during his junior year.
Woods ultimately transferred to Oklahoma. He played in 11 games during the 2021 season and caught 35 passes for 400 yards and two touchdowns. Following the end of the season Woods declared that he would be entering the 2022 NFL draft.

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 40-yard dash | 10-yard split | 20-yard split | 20-yard shuttle | Three-cone drill | Vertical jump | Broad jump |
| 6 ft 1+1⁄8 in (1.86 m) | 204 lb (93 kg) | 33 in (0.84 m) | 9+5⁄8 in (0.24 m) | 4.37 s | 1.51 s | 2.57 s | 4.46 s | 7.07 s | 35.5 in (0.90 m) | 10 ft 5 in (3.18 m) |
| Sources: |||||||||||
Woods was selected in the sixth round with the 202nd overall pick in the 2022 NFL Draft by the Cleveland Browns. In his rookie season, he caught five passes for 45 yards while also appearing on special teams.
On April 4, 2023, Woods suffered a ruptured Achilles during an independent workout with Deshaun Watson. He was placed on the reserve/non-football injury list. On December 1, 2023, Woods was suspended for six games for violating the league's personal conduct policy.
On August 27, 2024, Woods was waived by the Browns and re-signed to the practice squad. On December 7, he was promoted to the active roster.

## Personal life

Woods is the nephew of Dianne Durham, the first Black gymnast to win the USA All-around championship in 1983.
# Open set condition

In fractal geometry, the open set condition (OSC) is a commonly imposed condition on self-similar fractals. In some sense, the condition imposes restrictions on the overlap in a fractal construction. Specifically, given an iterated function system of contractive mappings $\psi _{1},\ldots ,\psi _{m}$, the open set condition requires that there exists a nonempty, open set V satisfying two conditions:
* $\bigcup _{i=1}^{m}\psi _{i}(V)\subseteq V,$
* The sets $\psi _{1}(V),\ldots ,\psi _{m}(V)$ are pairwise disjoint.
Introduced in 1946 by P.A.P Moran, the open set condition is used to compute the dimensions of certain self-similar fractals, notably the Sierpinski Gasket. It is also used to simplify computation of the packing measure.
An equivalent statement of the open set condition is to require that the s-dimensional Hausdorff measure of the set is greater than zero.

## Computing Hausdorff dimension

When the open set condition holds and each $\psi _{i}$ is a similitude (that is, a composition of an isometry and a dilation around some point), then the unique fixed point of $\psi$ is a set whose Hausdorff dimension is the unique solution for s of the following:
    $\sum _{i=1}^{m}r_{i}^{s}=1.$
where r$_i$ is the magnitude of the dilation of the similitude.
With this theorem, the Hausdorff dimension of the Sierpinski gasket can be calculated. Consider three non-collinear points a$_1$, a$_2$, a$_3$ in the plane R$^2$ and let $\psi _{i}$ be the dilation of ratio 1/2 around a$_i$. The unique non-empty fixed point of the corresponding mapping $\psi$ is a Sierpinski gasket, and the dimension s is the unique solution of
    $\left({\frac {1}{2}}\right)^{s}+\left({\frac {1}{2}}\right)^{s}+\left({\frac {1}{2}}\right)^{s}=3\left({\frac {1}{2}}\right)^{s}=1.$
Taking natural logarithms of both sides of the above equation, we can solve for s, that is: s = ln(3)/ln(2). The Sierpinski gasket is self-similar and satisfies the OSC.

## Strong open set condition

The strong open set condition (SOSC) is an extension of the open set condition. A fractal F satisfies the SOSC if, in addition to satisfying the OSC, the intersection between F and the open set V is nonempty. The two conditions are equivalent for self-similar and self-conformal sets, but not for certain classes of other sets, such as function systems with infinite mappings and in non-euclidean metric spaces. In these cases, SOCS is indeed a stronger condition.
# New Westminster (electoral districts)

New Westminster was the name, or part of the name, of several Canadian federal and provincial electoral districts. All provincial and federal ridings in the area of the Lower Mainland were part of the original New Westminster ridings. "Offspring" ridings are indicated accordingly.

## Federal
### Historical

* New Westminster District, 1871–1872
* New Westminster (federal electoral district), 1872–1976
* Westminster District, 1914–1919
** Fraser Valley, 1919–1966
* Fraser Valley East, 1966–1996
* Fraser Valley, 1996–2003
* Surrey (later Surrey—White Rock), 1966–1976
* Surrey—White Rock—North Delta, 1976–1987
* Abbotsford, 2003–present
* Chilliwack—Fraser Canyon, 2004–2015
* Fraser Valley West, 1966–1996
* Langley—Matsqui, 1996, 1997 (never used; named changed to:)
* Langley—Abbotsford, 1997–2003
* Abbotsford, 2003–present
* Langley, 2004–2015
* New Westminster—Coquitlam, 1976–1987
* Burnaby, 1976–1987
* Burnaby—Kingsway, 1987–1996
* Burnaby—Douglas, 1996–2013
* New Westminster—Coquitlam—Burnaby, 1996–2003
* Burnaby—New Westminster, 2003–2013
* New Westminster—Coquitlam, 2003–2013

### Current

* New Westminster—Burnaby, 1987–1996, 2015–present

## Provincial
### Historical

* New Westminster, 1871–2024
* New Westminster City, 1871–1912
The New Westminster riding originally included all of the Lower Mainland outside of the City of New Westminster, such that all Fraser Valley and Vancouver ridings are derivatives of the New Westminster riding, which became a three-member renamed Westminster for the 1890 election before being partitioned into four ridings. The following table attempts to trace the lineage of the Lower Mainland ridings (other than those in Vancouver or the North Shore, which can be found on Vancouver (electoral districts):
* Westminster 1890 only
** Westminster-Chilliwhack 1894–1900
*** Chilliwhack
**** Chilliwack
** Westminster-Delta 1894–1900
*** Langley 1966–1986
**** Central Fraser Valley (1979–1986)
***** Fort Langley-Aldergrove
***** Abbotsford-Clayburn
***** Abbotsford-Mount Lehman
*** Delta 1903–1986
*** Surrey (1966–1983)
**** Surrey-Newton (1986–present)
**** Surrey-Guildford-Whalley (1986 only)
**** Surrey-White Rock-Cloverdale (1986 only)
** Westminster-Dewdney1894–1900
*** Dewdney 1903–1986
**** Maple Ridge-Mission (1991–present)
*** Coquitlam (1966–1975)
**** Coquitlam-Moody (1979–1986)
**** Maillardville-Coquitlam (1979–1986)
***** Coquitlam-Maillardville (1991–present)
*** Burnaby (provincial electoral district) (1924–1963)
**** Burnaby-Willingdon (1966–present)
**** Burnaby-Edmonds (1966–present)
**** Burnaby North (1966–present)
** Westminster-Richmond 1894–1900
*** Richmond 1903–1920, 1966–1986
**** Richmond-Point Grey 1924–1928
And all Vancouver, North Vancouver and West Vancouver ridings are "descendants" of the original New Westminster riding.

### Current

* Burnaby-New Westminster, 2024–present
* New Westminster-Coquitlam, 2024–present
* Richmond-Queensborough, 2015–present
# Cerro Arenas

Cerro Arenas is a mountain in the Andes of Santiago Metropolitan Region, Chile. It is located west of San José volcano and east of Cerro El Morado. The latter mountain lies on the opposite side of the valley of the Estero Morado, a headwater stream of the Volcán River.
# Warren B. English

Warren Barkley English (May 1, 1840 – January 9, 1913) was an American politician who served one year as a United States representative from California from 1894 to 1895.

## Biography

Born in Charles Town, Virginia (now West Virginia), he attended the public schools and Charles Town Academy until June 1861. He served in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War and after the war moved to Oakland, California where he attended the California Military Academy.
English was elected a member of the board of supervisors of Contra Costa County in 1877 and served four years. He was elected State senator in 1882 and was named a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1884.
His brother, William D. English sought the 1890 Democratic nomination for governor of California. The California Democratic State Convention was controlled by San Francisco Boss, Christopher Buckley. Buckley secured the nomination for San Francisco Mayor Edward B. Pond over Alameda County's favorite son, W.D. English. Pond would go on to lose to Henry Markham in the general election.
Warren English successfully contested as a Democrat the election of Samuel G. Hilborn to the Fifty-third Congress and took his seat April 4, 1894, serving until March 3, 1895. He was unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1894 to the Fifty-fourth Congress. After leaving Congress, he engaged in the real estate business in Oakland. In 1905, he moved to Sonoma County, California where he engaged in viticulture. He died in Santa Rosa, California in 1913 and was buried in Mountain View Cemetery, Oakland, California.
# Letter of the Law

The letter of the law refers to following laws or rules precisely as written, without interpretation.
Letter of the Law may also refer to:
* "The Letter of the Law", 1936 short story by P. G. Wodehouse
* Takeru: Letter of the Law, 1996 manga series by Buichi Terasawa
* "Letter of the Law" (Gunsmoke), American Western television series Gunsmoke episode
* "Letter of the Law" (The Lone Ranger), American Western television series The Lone Ranger episode
* "Letter of the Law" (The Rifleman), American Western television series The Rifleman episode
* "Letter of the Law" (The Virginian), American Western television series The Virginian episode