OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Provinces of Ethiopia

Historically, Ethiopia was divided into provinces, further subdivided into awrajjas or districts, until they were replaced by ethnolinguistic-based regions (kililoch) and chartered cities in 1995.

## History
### Pre-1936

Older provinces (existing prior to the 1936–41 fascist Italian occupation), are still frequently used to indicate locations within Ethiopia. These include:
* Agame
* Agawmeder
* Begemder
Amhara
* Dembiya
* Enderta
* Fatagar
* Hadiya
* Ifat
* Lasta
* Menz
* Qwara
* Semien
* Tembien
* Tigray
* Tselemt
* Tsegede
* Wag
* Wegera

### 1942–1974

Ethiopia was divided into 12 provinces or governates-general (taklai ghizat) by Imperial Ethiopian Government Decree No. 1 of 1942 and later amendments. The 12 provinces were:
* Begemder
* Gojjam
* Wollo
* Shewa (Shoa)
* Gamu-Gofa
* Illubabor
* Kaffa
* Sidamo
* Tigray
* Welega
* Hararghe
* Arsi
Bale was created as a 13th province when it was split off from Harrarghe in 1960. Eritrea was united with Ethiopia and made a 14th province in 1962.

### 1974–1991

When the Derg took power in 1974 they relabelled the provinces as regions (kifle hager).$^{:222}$ By 1981 Addis Ababa had become a separate administrative division from Shewa, and Aseb was split off from Eritrea in 1981, making 16 administrative divisions in total.$^{:334}$ With the exception of Arsi (whose name derives from the eponymous Oromo subgroup, and which initially included majority-Gurage area later transferred to Shewa province (becoming Southern Shewa), all of the provinces were deliberately drawn to include multiple "tribes" (or ethnicities) so as to better facilitate national cohesion.
Under the 1987 Constitution of Ethiopia, the military rule of the Derg evolved into the civilian government of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, and chapter 8 of the Constitution determined that the state would be subdivided into "autonomous regions" and "administrative regions". Chapter 9 gave to the National Shengo (the legislature) the power to establish the regions. The Shengo established the regions in Proclamation No. 14 of 1987, on 18 September. There were thirty regions, consisting of five autonomous regions, and twenty-five administrative regions. The five autonomous regions were:$^{:223}$
* Aseb
* Dire Dawa
* Eritrea
* Ogaden
* Tigray
The twenty-five administrative regions were:$^{:xxiii}$
* Addis Ababa
* Arsi
* Asosa
* Bale
* Borana
* East Gojam
* East Harerge
* East Shewa
* Gambela
* Ilubabor
* Kefa
* Metekel
* North Gonder
* North Omo
* North Shewa
* North Welo
* Sidamo
* South Gonder
* South Omo
* South Shewa
* South Wollo
* Welega
* West Gojam
* West Hararghe
* West Shewa
# Zachary Woolfe

Zachary Woolfe is an American music critic who specializes in classical music. Since 2022 he has been chief classical music critic for The New York Times.

## Education and career

As a teenager in the 1990s, Woolfe discovered the online opera magazine Parterre Box by James Jorden, whose pages he "returned to again and again". Woolfe later studied at Princeton University. Although he "had written a little bit for newspapers in college", he had not anticipated a career in journalism. In 2008, however, a friend at The New York Observer asked Woolfe to assist in coverage of the 2008 US Open tennis tournament. After additional writing for the paper, Woolfe was offered a regular column in 2009, devoted to opera.
In 2011 Woolfe started working as a freelance music critic for The New York Times, reporting on opera festivals in the US and internationally. In 2015 he became classical music editor, before being appointed as chief classical music critic in 2022.

## Selected writings

* Woolfe, Zachary; Ross, Alex (2021). "The Evolving Role of Music Journalism". In Beckerman, Michael; Boghossian, Paul (eds.). Classical Music: Contemporary Perspectives and Challenges. Cambridge: Open Book Publishers. ISBN 978-1-80064-116-7.

### Articles

* Woolfe, Zachary (October 23, 2011). "Charles Hamm, Author on American Popular Music, Dies at 86". The New York Times.
* —— (March 17, 2013). "Start With Adolescent Spirit, Then Grow into a Role". The New York Times.
* —— (April 17, 2013). "With Pulitzer, She Became a Composer". The New York Times.
* —— (January 24, 2014). "When It Comes to Nymphs and Princes, Water and Earth Don't Mix". The New York Times.
* —— (November 7, 2017). "At the Met Opera, a Note So High, It's Never Been Sung Before". The New York Times.
* —— (February 14, 2020). "Review: A Tale of Two Women at the New York Philharmonic". The New York Times.
* —— (April 29, 2021). "The Renaissance's Most Influential Composer, 500 Years Later". The New York Times.
* —— (December 1, 2023). "Filth and dementia". Parterre Box.
# Frances Haddon Morgan

Frances Haddon Morgan (1909 – July 30, 1993) was an American politician in the state of Washington. A Democrat, she was a member of the Washington House of Representatives for the 23rd district between 1958 and 1960 and a member of the Washington State Senate for the 23rd district between 1960 and 1968.

## Early life

Haddon was born in 1909 in Bremerton, Washington. Her parents were Lulu Haddon, a state legislator, and James C. Haddon, a grocer who owned Haddon's Grocery. She had three brothers: Lawrence, Joseph Elbert and James Jr. Haddon attended business college and worked as an advertising agent before running a welcoming service. She was married to Osmore H. Morgan, a mail carrier, and had two children. In 1957, she was a member of the governor's council for children and youth.

## Political career

Haddon was first elected to the Washington House of Representatives in the 1958 general election, to represent the 23rd district as a Democrat. She was the vice chair of the state institutions and youth control committee. In 1959, she co-sponsored legislation to create a new government department for children and youth. She stayed in the lower chamber of the legislature for one term, before being elected to the Washington State Senate in the 1960 general election to represent the 23rd district, beating the incumbent Ralph Purvis. During her time in the legislature, she advocated for children with disabilities, including establishing the Lakeland Village in Spokane and Olympic Peninsula Enterprises.
With her second election, Haddon became the first woman to have held the same seats in both chambers of the Washington state legislature as her mother. She was sworn in to the senate at the opening of the 37th legislature on January 10, 1961, the only female senator and the first woman to serve since Lady Willie Forbus in 1947, at a ceremony attended by her mother. She was chair of the medicine and dentistry committee in the 1961 legislative session, chair of the public institutions committee in the 1963, 1965 and 1967 legislative sessions. In 1963, she introduced legislation alongside John Stender to prevent psychological testing of students without parental consent. Haddon held her seat in the senate until the 1968 elections, when she lost in the Democratic primary to Gordon Walgren.

## Death and legacy

Haddon died on July 30, 1993, in her home in Bremerton at the age of 83. She was described in 1988 by local reporter Adele Ferguson as "the indomitable, intractable, unstoppable, often maddening and always good-hearted 'Aunt Franny'". The Frances Haddon Morgan Center was established in Bremerton in 1972, to house children with autism and later adults with disabilities, although it was abandoned in the 2010s and was torn down in 2022.
# Tete Yengi

Tete Yengi (born 28 November 2000) is an Australian professional soccer player who plays as a striker for Scottish Championship club Livingston. Yengi has previously played for Newcastle Jets, Ipswich Town, VPS, Northampton Town and KuPS.

## Career
### Newcastle Jets

After playing two seasons at a semi-pro level with Adelaide Comets in NPL SA, Yengi signed a scholarship deal with Australian top division side Newcastle Jets on 30 December 2020. He made a total of nine appearances in A-League during the 2020–21 season.

### Ipswich Town and loans

In September 2021, Yengi moved to England and signed for League One club Ipswich Town on a one-year deal with the option for a further year, initially joining the team's Under 23 side.

#### VPS (loan)

In April 2022, Yengi joined Vaasan Palloseura (VPS) on loan for the 2022 season. During his time in Finland, Yengi scored seven goals and assisted a further eleven in Veikkausliiga, winning his club's Player of the Year award.

#### Northampton Town (loan)

On 31 January 2023, Yengi signed a new eighteen-month contract and subsequently joined League Two club Northampton Town on loan until the end of the season.

#### KuPS (loan)

On 16 July 2023, Yengi returned to Finland and signed a loan deal with Kuopion Palloseura (KuPS) for the remainder of the 2023 season.

### Livingston

On 1 January 2024, a Scottish Premiership club Livingston announced the signing of Yengi on a two-and-a-half-year deal.

## Personal life

Yengi is of South Sudanese and English descent. His older brother, Kusini, plays as a forward for Portsmouth.

## Career statistics

    As of 7 December 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National cup | National cup | Other | Other | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Newcastle Jets | 2020–21 | A-League Men | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 9 | 0 |
| Ipswich Town | 2021–22 | League One | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| VPS (loan) | 2022 | Veikkausliiga | 27 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 30 | 8 |
| Northampton Town (loan) | 2022–23 | League Two | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 16 | 0 |
| KuPS (loan) | 2023 | Veikkausliiga | 11 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 13 | 1 |
| Livingston | 2023–24 | Scottish Premiership | 16 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 18 | 6 |
| Livingston | 2024–25 | Scottish Championship | 10 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 0 | – | – | 17 | 2 |
| Livingston | Total | Total | 26 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 35 | 8 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 89 | 13 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 103 | 17 |
* ↑ Includes Suomen Cup and Scottish Cup
* ↑ Includes Scottish League Cup, Scottish Challenge Cup
* ↑ Appearance(s) in UEFA Europa Conference League
# Phalange Française

Phalange Française (French for French Falange) was a Falangist political party in France founded and led by Charles Luca (pseudonym of Charles Gastaut). The party was founded in 1955 and dissolved on 15 May 1958 by a decree of the Pflimlin administration.
# Abhishek Dhar

Abhishek Dhar (born 31 August 1970) is an Indian physicist specialising in statistical physics and condensed matter physics. He is a professor at the International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Bangalore.

## Education and career

Dhar obtained his PhD in 1998 from the Department of Theoretical Physics at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. His doctoral advisor was Deepak Dhar. He did post-doctoral research at Indian Institute of Science, Raman Research Institute and University of California, Santa Cruz. Dhar then became a faculty member of the Raman Research Institute and later joined the International Centre for Theoretical Sciences.

## Research

Dhar works on the theory and applications of statistical physics to study non-equilibrium problems. His research areas include anomalous heat transport in low dimensional systems and open quantum systems where he made significant contributions in developing an approach using quantum Langevin equations. Dhar also studies large deviations and fluctuation theorems in transport, foundational aspects of statistical mechanics, the measurement problem in quantum mechanics and models of active matter.

## Awards

For his results in classical and quantum transport in low dimensional systems and contributions to non-equilibrium fluctuation theorems, Dhar was awarded the ICTP prize in 2008 and Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar award for Physical Sciences in 2009. He is a fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences (2012), the National Academy of Sciences (2018) and the Indian National Science Academy (2020).
# Tom Shypitka

Thomas Glenn Shypitka is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia in the 2017 provincial election. He represented the electoral district of Kootenay East as a member of the BC United caucus. In Opposition, he has served as the Official Opposition Critic for Energy and Mines; Energy, Mines and Low Carbon Innovation; and Mines and Low Carbon Innovation. He was also appointed B.C. United caucus chair (2024) and deputy chair of the Select Standing Committee on Finance and Government Services (2023-2024).
Shypitka is also an accomplished curler, having represented British Columbia at the 1991 Labatt Brier and 2010 Tim Hortons Brier. He has appeared at the Brier as both a right and left handed thrower (right handed in 1991, left handed in 2010), due to a knee injury.
In the 2024 British Columbia general election, he ran as an independent but was unseated by Pete Davis from the Conservative Party of British Columbia.

## Electoral record

vte2024 British Columbia general election: Kootenay-Rockies :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
| | Conservative | Pete Davis | 8,216 | 42.7 | 42.7 |
| | Independent | Tom Shypitka | 5,844 | 30.4 | -15.2 |
| | New Democratic | Sam Atwal | 4,184 | 21.7 | -10.47 |
| | Green | Kerri Wall | 996 | 5.2 | -4.73 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 19,241 | – |
| Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | |
| Registered voters | Registered voters | Registered voters | |
| Source: Elections BC |||||||
vte2020 British Columbia general election: Kootenay East :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
| | Liberal | Tom Shypitka | 9,897 | 57.90 | +1.33 | $38,182.15 |
| | New Democratic | Wayne Stetski | 5,499 | 32.17 | +2.5 | $19,605.32 |
| | Green | Kerri Wall | 1,697 | 9.93 | −1.34 | $3,805.90 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 17,093 | 100.00 | – |
| Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | | | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | | | |
| Registered voters | Registered voters | Registered voters | |
| Source: Elections BC |||||||
vte2017 British Columbia general election: Kootenay East :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
| | Liberal | Tom Shypitka | 9,666 | 56.57 | −6.42 | $53,655 |
| | New Democratic | Randal Macnair | 5,070 | 29.67 | −7.34 | $34,336 |
| | Green | Yvonne Marie Prest | 1,926 | 11.27 | – | $2,412 |
| | Libertarian | Keith D. Komar | 425 | 2.49 | – | $2,027 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 17,087 | 100.00 |
| Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | 101 | 0.59 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 17,188 | 55.71 |
| Source: Elections BC |||||||
# Archibald Lybrand

Archibald Lybrand (May 23, 1840 – February 7, 1910) was a lawyer, soldier, businessman, and a U.S. Representative from Ohio for two terms from 1897 to 1901.

## Biography

Born in Tarlton, Ohio, Lybrand moved to Delaware, Ohio, in 1857. He attended the common schools and the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware.
During the Civil War, he enlisted in the Union Army on April 26, 1861, and served in Company I, Fourth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He later transferred to Company E, Seventy-third Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was promoted to first lieutenant. He was later commissioned as the company's captain. He remained in the service three years.
After mustering out, he returned to Delaware, Ohio, where he served as mayor in 1869. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1871. He was a landowner and also engaged in agricultural and mercantile pursuits. He served as the postmaster of Delaware from 1881–85.

### Congress

Lybrand was elected as a Republican to the Fifty-fifth and Fifty-sixth Congresses (March 4, 1897 – March 3, 1901). He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1900 and resumed his business activities in Delaware, Ohio.

### Death

He died in Daytona, Florida, February 7, 1910, and was interred in Oak Grove Cemetery, Delaware, Ohio.
* Biography portal
* American Civil War portal
# 24/7 (Dino album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
24/7 is the first album by the pop singer-songwriter Dino. He wrote and arranged all the songs, produced the album, played keyboards and programmed drums. The album was certified gold by the RIAA. In 1989, 24/7 reached No. 34 on the Billboard 200 and No. 47 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums for Billboard.
In the US, five singles were released from the album. The first, "Summergirls", appeared as a 12-inch single in 1987 on the independent label L.D. Records. It was re-released in 1988 after Dino had signed to 4th & B'way/Island/PolyGram Records, and reached a peak position of number 50 on the Billboard Hot 100. (These were released well before the album.) After the album was released in summer 1989, the title track, "24/7", peaked at number 42 on the Hot 100 and number 12 on the R&B chart. The third single, "I Like It", peaked at number 7, while reaching number 3 on the dance chart. The single achieved gold sales status. The fourth track to be released, "Sunshine", peaked at number 23 on the pop chart and the last single, the ballad "Never 2 Much of U", peaked at number 61.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Dino
CD Edition

## Production

* Producer: Dino
* Engineers: Liz Cluse, Chris Fuhrman
* Mixing: Alan Meyerson
* Re-mixing: Frankie Anoble, R.O.B.
* Mastering: Herb Powers Jr.

## Personnel

* Dino – lead & backing vocals, keyboards, keyboard and drum programming
* Buzz Feiten, Paul Jackson Jr., Paul Pesco – guitars
* Jeff Lorber – keyboards, piano
* Keith Nelson – bass guitar
* R.O.B. – scratching, drum programming
* Paul Taylor – saxophone
* Linda Brown, Brian Bywaters – backing vocals
# Vadym Filashkin

Vadym Serhiyovych Filaskhin (Ukrainian: Вадим Сергійович Філашкін; born 14 June 1975) is a Ukrainian statesman, who is currently the Governor of Donetsk Oblast since 27 December 2023.

## Biography

Vadym Filashkin was born on 14 June 1975. He received his higher education at the Mykolaiv State Pedagogical University, majoring in "pedagogy and methods of secondary education, and physical culture and pre-conscription training". Then, in 2008, he graduated as a lawyer at the Kyiv National University of Internal Affairs.
From November 2015 to August 2016, he was the deputy chief of the Main Directorate of the National Police in the Donetsk Oblast.
In February 2019, he was the deputy head of the Donetsk regional state administration.
On 27 December 2023, Filaskhin was appointed Governor of Donetsk Oblast.
# Azadegan Rural District (Rafsanjan County)

Azadegan Rural District (Persian: دهستان آزادگان) is in the Central District of Rafsanjan County, Kerman province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Rezaabad.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 11,930 in 2,905 households. There were 13,683 inhabitants in 3,798 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 14,427 in 4,383 households. The most populous of its 58 villages was Jafarabad, with 2,222 people.
# Arthur Jones (rugby union)

John Arthur Jones (26 May 1856 – 20 January 1919) was a Welsh international rugby union forward who played club rugby for Cardiff Rugby Football Club and international rugby for Wales. He was awarded a single cap for Wales.

## Personal life

Educated in Monmouth School, Jones became an Admiralty agent before becoming a colliery director. Jones began what was to become a long-standing tradition between Welsh rugby and the coal mines, and was the first colliery employee to represent Wales, a list that would run to over a hundred members. Jones would spend his later life undertaking various duties, including serving as High Sheriff of Glamorgan for 1918 and later governor of the University of South Wales and Monmouthshire.

## Rugby career

Jones came to prominence as a rugby player while representing Cardiff. Jones was a founding member of the Cardiff club in 1876. In 1877, while only age 20, he became secretary of Cardiff RFC and was a member of the committee after that.
In 1883, Jones was selected to represent Wales as part of the Home Nations Championship. In the first encounter between Scotland and Wales, Jones was part of a ten-man pack, the only time Wales had used such a heavy forwards tactic. Under the captaincy of Charlie Lewis, Jones was one of three new caps for Wales, the others being Newport's Horace Lyne and Dr. John Griffin, a stand-in from Edinburgh University. Wales lost the game by three goals to one, and the next match saw Wales switch back to nine forwards and Jones was never selected for the national team again.

### International matches played

Wales
* Scotland 1883
# Postage stamps and postal history of Turkmenistan

This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Turkmenistan.
Turkmenistan (Turkmen: Türkmenistan), also known as Turkmenia (Russian: Туркмения) is a country in Central Asia. Until 1991, it was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (Turkmen SSR). It is bordered by Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest, Uzbekistan to the east and northeast, Kazakhstan to the north and northwest and the Caspian Sea to the west. The national postal administration is Turkmenpochta.

## First stamps

The first stamps of Turkmenistan were issued on 26 April 1992. Before then, Turkmenistan used stamps of the Soviet Union.

## Overprints

Unlike other ex-Soviet republics, Turkmenistan did not overprint Soviet stamps to meet their postal needs after independence, although a number of overprints were carried out on Turkmenistan stamps in 1992 and 1993.

## Postal services

All postal activity is done with the state-owned corporation Turkmenpochta which is under the rule of the Ministry of Communications. The Turkmenistan government exercises close control over postal communications. Parcels and letters are routinely opened by customs officials and delivery is unreliable. Businesses tend to use international couriers such as Federal Express and DHL, although in 2005 these firms were shut down by the government.