OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ernesto Herrera (politician)

Ernesto "Boy" Falar Herrera (September 11, 1942 – October 29, 2015) was a Senator of the Philippines. He was a trade union leader, an advocate of law and order, and a legislator in the 8th, 9th and 10th Congresses.

## Career

As senator, Herrera is the principal author of the law that reinstated capital punishment in the Philippines on December 31, 1993. It would later be abolished on June 24, 2006 upon the implementation of Republic Act No. 9346.

## Personal life

Herrera was born in Samboan, Cebu, on September 11, 1942. He was married to entrepreneur, Lourdes Betia Cuico. He died at the Manila Doctors Hospital in Manila on October 29, 2015, at the age of 73, and a month before his 74th birthday.

## Educational life

* Zapatera Elementary School (1955)
* University of the Visayas (1959)
* University of the Visayas – Bachelor of Laws (1965)

### Higher studies

* Lyceum of the Philippines – Master's in Public Administration (1995)
* Lyceum of the Philippines – Doctor of Fiscal Studies (1998)

## General history

* Trade Union Congress of the Philippines – General secretary (1983–2015)
* Senator – Philippine Senate (1987–1998)
* Congressman – Philippine House of Representatives (1998–2001)

## Affiliations

* International Labor Organization – Former consultant
* Citizen's Drugwatch Foundation Inc. – Founding chairman
* Carlos P. Garcia Foundation Inc. – President
* Agrava Fact-Finding Board (investigated the assassination of Benigno Aquino Jr.) – Member
* International Confederation of Free Trade Union – Former member, executive board
* University of the Visayas Alumni Association – President
* Forefront Technologies Foundation Inc. – Co-founder
# Randy Tate

Randall John "Randy" Tate (born November 23, 1965) is an American politician and a former Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from Washington.
Tate grew up in suburban Seattle and graduated with an Associate of Arts degree from Tacoma Community College. In 1988, he received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Western Washington University at Bellingham. From 1989 until 1995, he was a member of the Washington House of Representatives.
Tate was elected to Congress in the 1994 Republican Revolution, and from January 3, 1995 until January 3, 1997, he was a member of the 104th United States Congress. He was an unsuccessful candidate for re-election to the 105th United States Congress, receiving 47% of the vote against Democrat Adam Smith.
He secured passage of an amendment to the 1996 illegal immigration bill, which is now found at 8 U.S.C. 1182(a)(9). This amendment prohibits a visa or legal status to anyone who has been in the U.S. without authorization for over a year, notwithstanding the existence of U.S. Citizen children of that immigrant. After his one term in Congress, he became a leader of Pat Robertson's Christian Coalition.
# Ch'uñawi

Ch'uñawi (Aymara for a place where potatoes are spread as part of the procedure to prepare ch'uñu, also spelled Chunahui) is a 4,846-metre-high (15,899 ft) mountain in the Cordillera Real in the Andes of Bolivia It lies in the La Paz Department, Murillo Province, La Paz Municipality, northeast of the city of La Paz. Ch'uñawi is situated northwest of Mik'aya and Wak'ani and northeast of Jamp'aturi.
# Mount Chardonnay

Mount Chardonnay is a prominent 7,020+ ft (2,140+ m) mountain summit located in the Skagit Range, which is a subset of the North Cascades in Whatcom County of Washington state. It is situated 1.7 mi (2.7 km) north of Granite Mountain and 2.75 mi (4.43 km) east of Goat Mountain in the Mount Baker Wilderness, which is managed by the Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest. The nearest higher peak is Mount Sefrit, 2.77 mi (4.46 km) to the southwest. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into Silesia Creek, a tributary of the Fraser River.

## Climate

Mount Chardonnay is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America.
Weather fronts originating in the Pacific Ocean travel northeast toward the Cascade Mountains. As fronts approach the North Cascades, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range (orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the Cascades. As a result, the west side of the North Cascades experiences high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger. During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer. Due to its temperate climate and proximity to the Pacific Ocean, areas west of the Cascade Crest very rarely experience temperatures below 0 °F (−18 °C) or above 80 °F (27 °C). The months July through September offer the most favorable weather for viewing or climbing this peak.

## Geology

The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks, ridges, and deep glacial valleys. Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to the various climate differences.
The history of the formation of the Cascade Mountains dates back millions of years ago to the late Eocene Epoch. With the North American Plate overriding the Pacific Plate, episodes of volcanic igneous activity persisted. In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago.
During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving deposits of rock debris. The U-shaped cross section of the river valleys is a result of recent glaciation. Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.

## Gallery

* Chardonnay above Mamie Peak
* Skagit Range seen from Mount Larrabee. Mount Chardonnay slightly right of center.
# Melgar es Arequipa, Campeones del 81

Melgar es Arequipa, Campeones del 81 (lit. 'Melgar is Arequipa, Champions of '81') is a 2023 Peruvian documentary film written and directed by Wildo Ontiveros Aparicio in his directorial debut. It follows the story behind the 1981 feat, collecting testimonies from the protagonists who achieved the first national title of the FBC Melgar.

## Synopsis

Documentary that tells the successful campaign that the Melgar Club carried out in the national championship of the season from 1980 to 1981. It has interviews, testimonies, archive videos and graphic material of the players.

## Production

Principal photography began in 2019. However, filming was completed in the last months of 2020 due to the COVID-19 Pandemic, in Mollendo, Camaná and Caravelí.

## Release

Melgar es Arequipa, Campeones del 81 premiered on March 23, 2023, exclusively at the Cinemark Parque Lambrani, Arequipa.

## Box office

The film lasted 1 week in billboard, attracting 221 viewers, becoming the lowest-grossing Peruvian film of 2023.
# Washington Obkom

The Washington Obkom (Russian: вашингтонский обком), literally the "Washington Oblast Party Committee", is a pejorative term used in Russian media and speech to imply that many crucial decisions by political elites of Russia and some other post-Soviet states have been and are agreed with and/or taken in the United States. The term incorporates two incompatible symbols of power: "Washington D.C." as the symbol of the US administration, and "obkom" symbolizing the power of the Communist Party. According to Russian political analyst Oleg Maslov Washington Obkom is one of the key hybrid political symbols in the 21st century Russia. The term is mostly used by various types of Russian nationalists but occasionally is used by the figures of democratic opposition, e.g. by Garry Kasparov. The political term became popular after the 1998 Russian financial crisis that triggered a wave of Anti-Americanism in the post-Soviet Russia and had its peak of Internet usage in January 2006 after the Russia–Ukraine gas dispute of 2005–2006.
# Wellesley station (disambiguation)

Wellesley station may refer to:
* Wellesley station, a subway station in Toronto, Canada
* Stations in Wellesley, Massachusetts, US:
** Wellesley Farms station
** Wellesley Hills station
** Wellesley Square station, formerly known as Wellesley station
* Wellesley Road tram stop in Croydon, London
# Tecuamburro

Tecuamburro is a stratovolcano in southern Guatemala, roughly 50 kilometres south east of Guatemala City. The Tecuamburro is an andesitic stratovolcano which formed approximately 38,000 years ago inside a horseshoe-shaped caldera formed by a structural failure in a second, 100,000-year-old stratovolcano, known as Miraflores. The last eruption is believed to have occurred around 960 BCE. At the top of the Tecuamburro is an acidic crater lake around which many hot springs, fumaroles, and boiling mudpots are found.
# Emmanuel AME Church (Durham, North Carolina)

Emmanuel AME Church, also known as Deliverance Temple Holy Church, is a historic African Methodist Episcopal church building located at 710 Kent Street in Durham, Durham County, North Carolina. The Gothic Revival building was constructed in 1888. The 30-inch walls were covered with stucco in 1962. Both the bricks and land for the church were donated by Richard B. Fitzgerald, a prominent African American brickmaker.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
# Conrad M. Arensberg

Conrad Maynadier Arensberg (September 12, 1910 – February 10, 1997) was an American anthropologist and scholar.
He was born in Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania. He graduated summa cum laude from Harvard in 1931. He was exempted from his final exams by the College Dean who viewed them as "being completely unnecessary in Conrad's case" (Comitas 2000). In 1937, his doctorate dissertation titled The Irish Countryman became a college textbook.
Arensberg helped found The Society for Applied Anthropology and was elected its President (1945–1946) as well as President of the American Anthropological Association (1980). In 1957, he co-analyzed economies of ancient empires in Trade Markets in the Early Empires together with Karl Polanyi.
In 1984, Owen Lynch, a former student of Arensberg organized a festschrift for his mentor, titled Culture and Community in Europe. In 1991, he received the Society of Applied Anthropology's Malinowski Award.
He was married to Vivian E. Garrison.
He held the Joseph L. Buttenwieser Professorship of Human Relations at Columbia University from 1970 until his retirement in 1980. Thereafter he joined the faculty of the Joint Applied Anthropology Program at Teachers' College.
# Elaine Smith

Elaine Smith may refer to:
* Elaine Smith (Scottish politician) (born 1963), Scottish Labour politician
* Elaine Smith (Idaho politician) (died 2024), Democratic Idaho State Representative
* Elaine Smith (actress) (born 1962), Scottish-born Australian actress
* Elaine C. Smith (born 1958), Scottish actress and comedian
* Elaine Smith, mother of Paula Yates and a showgirl, actress and writer of erotic novels, who used the stage names Helene Thornton and Heller Torren
# Orthione

Orthione is a genus of Isopoda parasites, in the family Bopyridae, containing the following species:
* Orthione furcata (Richardson, 1904)
* Orthione griffenis Markham, 2004
* Orthione mesoamericana Markham, 2004
# Labroides bicolor

Labroides bicolor is a species of wrasse endemic to the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. It is known by various names including bicolor cleanerfish, bicolor(ed) cleaner wrasse, cleaner wrasse, two-color cleaner wrasse and yellow diesel wrasse.

## Description

The male is black with light color in the back of the body, the female is gray with black, and juveniles are yellow and black.

## Distribution and population

The countries and territories that it occurs in include American Samoa, Australia, British Indian Ocean Territory, China, Christmas Island, Cocos Islands, Comoros, Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kenya, Kiribati, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mayotte, Micronesia, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Réunion, Samoa, Seychelles, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, United States Minor Outlying Islands, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Wallis and Futuna and Yemen.
Given its wide range, the exact population is unknown, but it is considered relatively common (except in the Philippines and Malaysia, where it is rare in some sites).

## Habitat and ecology

It is found in abundant coral areas from sub-tidal reef flats to deeper lagoons and seaward reefs and has a depth of 40 meters. Unlike other cleaner wrasses, this fish spans larger areas to clean and is cleans more during the day when it is active. It, both individually and in groups, feeds on fish mucus and crustacean ectoparasites such as the Gnathiidae, and has been found to clean and interact with a variety of species, including the striated surgeonfish, the brown tang, parrotfish and the closely related bluestreak cleaner wrasse. It also cleans sharks and rays, such as the grey reef shark and the whitetip reef shark. At night, it may sleep in a mucous cocoon.
Like other cleaners, Labroides bicolor will dance as a form of communication and may also dance to reduce client aggression.

## Conservation

It is listed as Least Concern by the IUCN and it not considered to be significantly threatened although it was once was targeted by the aquarium industry, and coral degradation may occur in some parts of its range. It occurs in several protected areas throughout its range but research is needed on sustainable harvest and trade and the impact of collection.
# Robert Carr (MP for Boston)

Robert Carr (c. 1511 – 1590), of Sleaford, Lincolnshire, was an English Member of Parliament. He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Boston in 1559.
# International Bilingual School of Provence

The International Bilingual School of Provence (founded in 1984) is a mixed day and boarding school situated in Luynes on the outskirts of Aix-en-Provence in the south of France. With over 1,000 students, more than 75 different nationalities, students from 2 to 18 years old learn in a multilingual environment. The school is an International Baccalaureate accredited school and also offers the traditional French curriculum as well as the IGCSEs from Cambridge.
# Chuqi Sillani

Chuqi Sillani (Aymara chuqi gold, silla cane of maize, -ni a suffix, "the one with the golden cane of maize", also spelled Choque Sillani) is a 4,812-metre-high (15,787 ft) mountain in the Bolivian Andes. It is located in the La Paz Department, Loayza Province, Luribay Municipality. Chuqi Sillani lies southeast of Qillwan Quta and east of a plain named Qillwan Quta Pampa.
# Nathaniel Cobb Deering

Nathaniel Cobb Deering (September 2, 1827 – December 11, 1887) was a three-term Republican U.S. Representative from Iowa's 4th congressional district, then in northeastern Iowa.
Born in Denmark, Maine to James and Elizabeth Prentiss Deering, Nathanial Deering attended the common schools and was graduated from North Bridgeton Academy. After teaching school and working as a store clerk, he left to participate in the California Gold Rush in 1850, returning after two years with a "considerable fortune." He used his newfound wealth to enter the paper manufacturing business but that business was destroyed by fire in 1856. Meanwhile, he served as member of the Maine House of Representatives from Penobscot County in 1855 and 1856. He moved to Iowa, and settled in Osage, in Mitchell County, in 1857. He engaged in the lumber business and built and operated a sawmill.
For several years he served as a clerk in the United States Senate as a result of his connection to then-Vice President Hannibal Hamlin, but resigned in 1865. He served as special agent of the Post Office Department for the districts of Minnesota, Iowa, and Nebraska from 1865 to 1869, when he resigned. From 1872 to 1877, he served as a national-bank examiner for the State of Iowa.
In 1876, Deering was elected as a Republican to represent Iowa's 4th congressional district in the 45th United States Congress. He was re-elected twice, serving in the Forty-sixth. and Forty-seventh Congresses. He served as chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Department of State (in the Forty-seventh Congress).
In 1881, the congressional districts in Iowa were reapportioned to accommodate the addition of two new districts. In northeastern Iowa, Deering's home county and the home county of third district representative Thomas Updegraff were included in the reconfigured fourth district. Updegraff ran for the Republican nomination for the seat, but in May 1882, Deering announced that he would not be a candidate. In all, Deering served in Congress from March 4, 1877 to March 3, 1883.
Returning to Iowa, Deering engaged in agricultural pursuits. He was also interested in cattle raising in Montana, and at the time of his death served as president of a large cattle company in that territory.
He died in Osage on December 11, 1887, while suffering from malaria. He was interred in Osage Cemetery.
# George Gage (politician)

George Gage (1813-1899) was a politician from McHenry County, Illinois he a member of the state legislature from 1850 until 1852 and was the first state senator from the county and served from 1854 until 1858. He was instrumental in bringing the rail road to the city of McHenry.
# Risk quotient

Risk quotient (RQ) as it pertains to human behavior is a measure of a person's natural level of risk inclination. Researched and defined by author and professional skydiver Jim McCormick in behavioral sciences, RQ builds on the concept of risk quotient operative in finance and both environmental and medical science. RQ is represented as a numeric score based on a self-assessment documented in four books.

## History

Risk quotient in the context of human behavior was first defined in a 2008 book The Power of Risk by Jim McCormick, former COO of Anshen & Allen, and founder of The Research Institute for Risk Intelligence. Its genesis was the result of using a test instrument developed by McCormick in empirical research to collect data on risk-taking ability and predisposition toward risk. In October 2015, he introduced the concept to attendees at The Risk Institute of Ohio State University annual conference in a session titled "Risks—Ideas Worth Talking About".

## Definitions

The 2012 edition of The First-Time Manager, provides the following descriptions of the different types of risk considered in determining RQ:
* Physical – Activities that involve some risk of injury. Riding a motorcycle, river rafting, rock climbing, or skydiving are some examples.
* Career – Risks such as job changes, taking on new responsibilities, or seeking promotions.
* Financial – Risk tolerance in investing, borrowing, and lending money.
* Social – Risks such as introducing oneself to a stranger in an unfamiliar social situation even at the risk of possible embarrassment.
* Intellectual – Things such as willingness to study a difficult topic, pursue information that challenges convictions, or read an intellectually challenging book.
* Creative – Risks such as painting, drawing, taking on a writing challenge, or pursuing an unconventional design.
* Relationship – Risks such as a willingness to pursue a new relationship, spend time with someone despite an uncertain outcome, or make a relationship commitment.
* Emotional – Willingness to be emotionally vulnerable.
* Spiritual – Willingness to place trust in concepts that may be impossible to prove or are not easily understood.
The numeric value resulting from the test is relative rather than absolute in the same way that most psychological testing provides relative results. The norm is a mid-point and variances to the lower or upper end of a 1-10 scale provide a measurement of RQ.

## Criticism

Self-assessments have long been associated with faked results in environments and situations where it would be considered "more positive" or "more negative" to have results skewed in a particular direction. Research has also noted that respondents sometimes chose to give the most extreme response. While contamination of responses is always a possibility, the advantage to doing so with the RQ measurement tool is not clear. It is an individual test instrument, not intended to identify relative risk inclination in teams and companies.
# Justus K. Jillson

Justus Kendall Jillson (1839–1881) was an American educator and politician. He served as South Carolina Superintendent of Education from 1868 to 1876 and in the South Carolina Senate from 1868 to 1871. He was a Republican.
Jilson was born in Gardner, Massachusetts, in 1839, to parents Mary and Sylvester Jillson. His brothers were Henry and Leander. Jillson married Ellen Gates in 1858. He moved from Massachusetts to South Carolina in 1866 to teach for the Freedmen's Bureau. He served four terms from 1868 until 1876 as South Carolina Superintendent of Education, head of the South Carolina Department of Education, and was the first to hold the title. He reportedly struggled with corruption in state government. Jillson was a member of the South Carolina Senate from 1868 to 1871, and chaired the education committee. During his political career, Jilson was affiliated with the Republican Party.
He issued the first Annual Report of the State Superintendent of Education of the State of South Carolina to the Governor of South Carolina and state legislature. His efforts at integration included a deaf school. Its leaders resigned instead of accepting African American deaf students.
Jillson moved to Springfield, Massachusetts, in 1876 and died by suicide in 1881.
# Harry Dacre

Harry Dacre was the pen-name of Frank Dean (September 1857–16 July 1922), a British songwriter best known for his composition "Daisy Bell (Bicycle Built For Two)".

## Biography

Dean was born on the Isle of Man, where he was baptised on 6 September 1857. He moved to Manchester, and then to Preston, Lancashire around 1882. He decided to make a career in songwriting, and used the pseudonyms Harry Dacre and Henry Decker (which some sources state was his birth name). He later claimed to have sold some 600 songs in the first two years of his career, but his first popular success was with the song "The Ghost of Benjamin Binns", which was first sung by Harry Randall in Brighton in 1885. Claiming that the stress of constant songwriting was affecting his health, he emigrated to Australia, where he stayed for four years before returning to England and then leaving for America in 1891.
He took with him an early version of the song "Daisy Bell", and a bicycle on which he had to pay import duty. Supposedly, his friend William Jerome told him that if he had brought a tandem he would have had to pay double, inspiring Dacre to rewrite the words of his song to refer to a "bicycle built for two". While in New York, he persuaded singer Katie Lawrence to perform the song when she appeared in London in 1892. The song soon became popular in London music halls, and then a worldwide hit.
Dacre returned to London, and in 1895 set up his own publishing house, Frank Dean and Co. He continued to write successful songs, including "Katie O'Connor" (1891); "I Can't Think of Nuthin' Else But You, Lulu" (1896); and "I'll Be Your Sweetheart" (1899), which became a popular success performed by Lil Hawthorne. When it became clear that the law could do little to prevent the pirating of sheet music, Dacre withdrew from the music business for several years, returning only when T. P. O'Connor's proposals were enacted in the 1906 Musical Copyright Act.
Thereafter, Dacre lived in comfort in Langham Place in London. He died there in 1922.