OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Foundation for Science and Technology (Portugal)

The Foundation for Science and Technology (Portuguese: Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; FCT) is an organization within the Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education in Portugal which evaluates and funds scientific research activities, in particular in the areas of natural sciences, exact sciences, social sciences and humanities. FCT was founded in 1997, succeeding the Junta Nacional de Investigação Científica e Tecnológica.

## Vision

* To establish Portugal as a global reference in science, technology and innovation
* Ensure that knowledge generated by scientific research is used fully, for economic growth and the well-being of all citizens

## Research units funded by FCT

Most scientific research in Portugal takes place in R&D institutions financed and evaluated by FCT. As of 2019 there are 26 Associate Laboratories and 307 R&D Units, where 22,000 researchers work. These institutions are regularly evaluated by FCT.

## Publications

The foundation, together with the University of Lisbon's Centre of Philosophy, publishes a biannual peer-reviewed open-access academic journal, Philosophica, International Journal for the History of Philosophy, which covers all areas of the history of philosophy. Beginning 2022 it is published on their behalf by the Philosophy Documentation Center.
# 1872 in Norway

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events in the year 1872 in Norway.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Charles IV (until 18 September), then Oscar II.

## Events

* 18 September – King Oscar II accedes to the throne of Sweden-Norway.
* 7 October – The railway line Drammenbanen between Oslo and Drammen is opened.
* Oslo Vestbanestasjon (Oslo V) opens.

## Notable births

* 7 January – Olaf Sæther, rifle shooter and Olympic gold medallist (died 1945)
* 9 January – Ivar Lykke, politician and Prime Minister of Norway (died 1949)
* 6 March – Johan Bojer, novelist and dramatist (died 1959)
* 7 April – Hendrik Christian Andersen, sculptor, painter and urban planner in America (died 1940)
* 12 April – Marie Karsten, interior designer (died 1953).
* 29 April – Eyvind Alnæs, composer, pianist, organist and choir director (died 1932)
* 7 May – Peder Østlund, speed skater (died 1939)
* 28 May – Otto Bahr Halvorsen, politician and twice Prime Minister of Norway (died 1923)
* 9 June – Olaf Bryn, politician (died 1948)
* 10 June – Harald Natvig, rifle shooter and Olympic gold medallist (died 1947)
* 5 July – Sten Abel, sailor and Olympic silver medallist (died 1942)
* 16 July – Roald Amundsen, polar explorer, led the first Antarctic expedition to reach the South Pole (died 1928)
* 3 August – Haakon VII, King of Norway (died 1957)
* 19 September – Ragnvald Hvoslef, politician (died 1944)
* 25 September – Anna Sethne, educator (died 1961).
* 8 October – Kristine Bonnevie, biologist and Norway's first female professor (died 1948)
* 14 October – Ole Østervold, sailor and Olympic gold medallist (died 1936)
* 17 November – Edvard Engelsaas, speed skater and world champion

### Full date unknown

* Andreas Baalsrud, engineer (died 1961)
* Ingolf Elster Christensen, politician (died 1943)
* Oskar Fredriksen, speed skater (died 1920)
* Einar Halvorsen, speed skater (died 1964)
* Gustav Henriksen, businessperson (died 1939)
* Hjalmar Holand, historian (died 1963)
* Olav Kavli, businessperson and cheese scientist
* Anders Venger, politician and Minister (died 1935)
* Hans Westfal-Larsen, ship-owner
# Barney Paul Woodard

Barney Paul Woodard (November 23, 1914 – February 15, 1997) was an American politician. He served as a Democratic member of the North Carolina House of Representatives.

## Life and career

Woodard was born in Princeton, North Carolina, the son of Elizabeth Wall and John Richard Woodard. He attended Princeton High School and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Woodard was owner of Woodard Drug Store. He was a member of the North Carolina House of Representatives, representing the 14th district until 1980.
Woodard died in February 1997, at the age of 82.
# William Richard Johnson

William Richard Johnson (May 15, 1875 – January 2, 1938) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois.
Born in Rock Island, Illinois, Johnson moved with his parents to Freeport, Illinois, in 1879. He attended the public schools and the College of Commerce at Freeport. He served from 1890 to 1894 as an apprentice and from 1894 to 1899 as a locomotive blacksmith in the Illinois Central Railroad shops at Freeport. He served as member of the United States Capitol Police 1901-1919. He was appointed superintendent of the folding room of the House of Representatives on June 18, 1919, and served until March 3, 1925, when he resigned.
Johnson was elected as a Republican to the Sixty-ninth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1925 – March 3, 1933). He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1932. He returned to Freeport, Illinois, where he died of congestive heart failure on January 2, 1938. He was interred in Oakland Cemetery.
# Weston E. Vivian

Weston "Wes" Edward Vivian (October 25, 1924 – December 4, 2020) was an American World War II veteran, electrical engineer and politician from the state of Michigan. He served one term in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1965 to 1967.

## Biography

Vivian was born in Pushthrough in the Dominion of Newfoundland (now the Canadian province of Newfoundland & Labrador), and moved to the United States with his parents on September 5, 1929, settling in Cranston, Rhode Island where he attended school. He served in the United States Navy as an enlisted man and officer from 1943 to 1946.
He received a B.S. at Union College, Schenectady, New York, in 1945, and a M.S. at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge in 1949, and a Ph.D. at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor in 1959. He was a candidate for city council of Ann Arbor from 1958 to 1959 and a research engineer and lecturer at the University of Michigan from 1951 to 1959. He was chairman of the Ann Arbor City Democratic Committee from 1959 to 1960. He was electronics engineer and consultant for various firms and institutions.

### Tenure in Congress

In 1964, Vivian was elected as a Democrat from Michigan's 2nd congressional district to the 89th United States Congress, serving from January 3, 1965, to January 3, 1967. He was known as one of the Michigan Five Fluke Freshmen and was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1966 to the Ninetieth Congress, being defeated by then-state Representative Marvin L. Esch. Vivian remains the last Democrat to represent the 2nd district, and the only one since 1935.

### Later career and death

Vivian later served as vice president of Vicom Industries, Inc. in Ann Arbor and became a lecturer at the Institute of Public Policy Studies, University of Michigan. He also became a telecommunications consultant. He was a Unitarian and a member of the NAACP. He died in Ann Arbor, Michigan in December 2020, at the age of 96.
# John H. Conolly

John Hamilton Conolly (June 4, 1935 – January 18, 1988) was an American businessman and politician.
Born in Waukegan, Illinois, Conolly served in the United States Army. He went to the Lake Forest Academy and then received his bachelor's degree in economics from Michigan State University and worked for his family investment company. From 1963 to 1973, Conolly served in the Illinois House of Representatives and was a Republican. He then served in the Illinois Senate from 1973 to 1975. Conolly died while in an ambulance while going to a hospital in Chicago, Illinois.
# Dragomir Krančević

Dragomir Krančević (Serbian Cyrillic: Драгомир Кранчевић, Hungarian: Dragomir Krancsevics; 4 October 1847 – 19 May 1929) was a Serbian violinist in Austria-Hungary.

## Biography

Born in Pančevo, Banat Military Frontier, Austrian Empire, Krančević was the son of a wealthy and respected merchant's family from Pančevo (Hungarian: Pancsova). He attended the primary school and the gymnasium of his native place. The little boy received his first violin lessons during the school education. Karl Heisler, his private violin instructor of Danube Swabian origin, recommended further promotion of his musical talent in Vienna. At the age of ten years, Krančević arrived in the capital city of the Austrian Empire and continued his education. In 1859, he completed the entrance examination at the Viennese Conservatory of the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde. Joseph Hellmesberger Sr. immediately recognized his extraordinary talent and accepted him as a student. In 1861, Krančević gave his first public performance in Pančevo, a charity concert for the benefit of the city hospital. In March 1862, he made his Viennese debut at the ballroom of the old Musikverein's building, a charity concert in favor of the Serbian Orthodox Church. Until the end of his studies in 1867, the young man gave several charity performances with the Hellmesberger Quartet in favor of the Concordia Association of Writers and other Viennese organizations at the Theater am Franz-Josefs-Kai [de], the Sofiensaal and the Little Redoute Ballroom of the Hofburg.
The young violinist became a recognized virtuoso and he performed brilliantly in concert tours, which led him to Linz, Bad Ischl, Salzburg, Prague, Leipzig, Bratislava, Belgrade, Novi Sad and many other cities. A highlight during his concert tour of 1872 was a multi-day celebration with Davorin Jenko, the First Belgrade Singing Society and other artists in honor of the beginning of Milan IV Obrenovic's reign. He was enthusiastically acclaimed by the audience after his performances at the Serbian National Theater during two summer evenings. Since 1873, he was a member of the orchestra of Budapest's Royal Hungarian National Theater and in 1888, he was appointed first concertmaster of the Royal Hungarian Opera Orchestra during the tenure of Gustav Mahler. Krančević finished his career in 1901, retired into private life and went back to Vienna. There he lived very withdrawn from the society and the artist no longer appeared publicly. In 1922, he sold his Guarneri violin to Jan Kubelík for twenty-five thousand Czech crowns because of his personal life situation during the Austrian economic crisis.
Krančević died in Vienna, aged 81.
The archive of the Institute of Musicology of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts preserves some personal materials of Krančević's legacy including some postcards and letters to the violinist, written by Johannes Brahms and a few other artists of that time.
His nephew Petar Krančević (1869-1919) was a composer and choirmaster of the Serbian Singing Society of Sremska Mitrovica.
# Royal Road (disambiguation)

The Royal Road was an ancient Persian highway.
Royal Road may also refer to:
* Royal Road, Kraków, Poland
* The Royal Road, a 2015 documentary film
* The Royal Road progression, a common chord progression in contemporary Japanese pop music
* The website royalroad.com, an online web novel platform owned by Not Yet Media Ltd.
# Campus Center Ice Arena

The Deborah. F. Stanley Arena and Convocation Hall is a 2,500-seat multi-purpose ice arena located in Oswego, New York, on the campus of SUNY Oswego. The arena is also the home to the Oswego Lakers Men's and Women's ice hockey teams competing at the NCAA Division III level in the State University of New York Athletic Conference (SUNYAC). As well as a men's club team competing at the ACHA Division I level in the Northeast Collegiate Hockey League, SUNY Oswego Figure Skating Club, and student recreation, intramural hockey, and broomball, and the synchronized skating team. The Arena also serves as a home for SUNY Oswego's convocation events. In addition to the college athletics and other events the Deborah. F. Stanley Arena and Convocation Hall is also the home to local community organizations such as the Oswego Figure Skating Club, and the Oswego High School boys' hockey team as well as recreational ice skating and figure skating.
The ice arena is part of the larger Marano Campus Center Complex that serves as a location for various student activities, food court, retail space, meeting rooms, the Educational Planning Center, radio, and the Al Roker TV Studio, home of WTOP, classrooms, a range of offices and new auditorium space. The arena portion of the building was built to replace the Golden Romney Field House, a largely dilapidated Quonset hut that had served as the main hockey arena from 1963 up to that point. The other portions largely replaced Hewitt Student Union, a 1970s era building built primarily to house the college's student organizations.
# Athletics at the 1957 World University Games – Women's shot put

The women's shot put event at the 1957 World University Games was held at the Stadium Charlety in Paris on 7 September 1957.

## Results

| Rank | Name | Nationality | #1 | #2 | #3 | #4 | #5 | #6 | Result |
| | Galina Zybina | Soviet Union | 15.53 | 15.67 | 15.55 | x | 15.48 | 15.75 | 15.75 |
| | Earlene Brown | United States | 12.87 | 13.09 | 14.00 | 13.41 | 14.43 | 13.98 | 14.43 |
| | Milena Usenik | Yugoslavia | 13.82 | 14.02 | 13.05 | 13.28 | 13.64 | 13.25 | 14.02 |
| 4 | Hannelore Klute | West Germany | 13.87 | 13.70 | 13.47 | 13.75 | 13.68 | x | 13.87 |
| 5 | Antonia Vehoff | West Germany | 13.62 | 13.32 | 13.20 | 13.49 | 13.51 | 13.48 | 13.62 |
| 6 | Lidiya Sharamovich | Bulgaria | 13.43 | 13.49 | 12.93 | 12.75 | 13.20 | 13.27 | 13.49 |
| 7 | Marthe Bretelle | France | | | | | | | 13.23 |
| 8 | Almut Brömmel | West Germany | | | | | | | 12.94 |
| 9 | Elivia Ricci | Italy | | | | | | | 10.43 |
# Sahil Raj

Sahil Raj (born 7 September 2003) is an Indian cricketer. He made his first-class debut on 27 January 2020, for Jharkhand in the 2019–20 Ranji Trophy.
# Race to Mars

Race to Mars is a 2007 Canadian television mini-series about a fictitious mission to Mars that is based on contemporary international research. The first part aired on Discovery Channel Canada and its High Definition channel on September 23, 2007 and the second part on September 30. It was produced in association with Galafilm Inc. William Shatner narrates the miniseries.
A companion book of the same title, written by Dana Berry, was also published in September 2007. It was offered as a selection of the Science Fiction Book Club.
Mars Rising, a companion 6-episode documentary mini-series, aired from October 7 to October 21, 2007, using sequences shot for Race to Mars.

## Plot

The four-hour mini-series begins in the year 2026, with a test lander exploding on landing. Jumping to 2029, the narrator explains the mission, 'Project Olympus' and shows the four NTR spacecraft: Cargo lander Shirase, Mars Surface Habitat Atlantis, Mars lander Gagarin, and Crew Transfer Vehicle Terra Nova. In early 2030, the international crew of six astronauts from the United States, Russia, France, Canada and Japan board Terra Nova to begin their 582 day journey to Mars and back. They suffer numerous equipment failures along the way, eventually traced back to fraud on the part of a subcontractor. The international team is racing against China, who have already landed a robot on Mars. The astronauts successfully land on Mars, but astrobiologist Hiromi's arm is broken by a faulty landing gear. Later, the Chinese robot finds water, but it contains too much calcium chloride for it to contain life. Meanwhile, the crew's drilling equipment is irreparably damaged by a Martian dust devil. The crew sends an impassioned plea back to Earth, asking to allow them to cannibalize the Chinese robot lander, saying that the exploration of Mars should be for humankind and not be limited by politics.
The crew's proposal is accepted, and they redouble their drilling efforts. After days of non-stop work, they finally strike water, but crew member Hiromi is killed when pressure builds in the well causing an explosion that knocks over a beam of the drilling platform and crushes his spacesuit. After they ascend to the main spacecraft for the journey home, the entire crew becomes gravely ill. They suspect infection by Martian microbes, but commander Rick Erwin refuses to open the seals on their Martian samples for fear of further contamination. It is discovered that carbon monoxide poisoning is the actual culprit, and they manage to deal with the problem. On final approach to Earth it is discovered that the Terra Nova's braking thrusters are malfunctioning making a safe return impossible unless repairs are carried out. After a dangerous spacewalk they repair the damage, but astronaut Antoine Hebert is nearly killed by electrocution. The mini-series ends as Olympus' crew module prepares to land and then cuts to a scene in the year 2095 to show a Mars base named for Robert H. Goddard, situated near Hiromi's grave site.
# Luther E. Barnhardt

Luther Ernest Barnhardt (November 29, 1903 – June 1, 1980) was an American politician in the state of North Carolina. He served as the 23rd lieutenant governor of North Carolina from 1957 to 1961 under Governor Luther H. Hodges.

## Early life

Barnhardt was born on November 29, 1903, in Concord, North Carolina. One of five children, his parents were George Thomas and Lily Faggart Barnhardt. He received both his bachelors of laws and juris doctor degrees from Wake Forest University. He was an attorney in Concord for 52 years and chair of the Cabarrus Board of Elections for a decade.

## Political career

A Democrat, Barnhardt was a member of the North Carolina Senate for five terms beginning in 1944 as a representative for Cabarrus and Rowan counties. He was elected president of the state senate in 1953, a position he held for three years. When the governor William B. Umstead died and Luther H. Hodges replaced him, Barnhardt was elected lieutenant governor in 1956. After his term expired, he chose not to seek election to any public office. In 1977, Barnhardt retired his law practice.

## Personal life

Barnhardt was married to Burvelle MacFarland Barnhardt and the couple had two sons and two daughters. He died on June 1, 1980, at a nursing home in Charlotte, North Carolina. He is buried at Carolina Memorial Park in Concord.
# Chmieleniec

Chmieleniec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łęczyce, within Wejherowo County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) east of Łęczyce, 19 km (12 mi) west of Wejherowo, and 50 km (31 mi) north-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Roger H. Zion

Roger Herschel Zion (September 17, 1921 – September 24, 2019) was an American World War II veteran and politician who served in the United States House of Representatives from Indiana from 1967 through 1975.

## Biography

Roger Zion was born in Escanaba, Michigan, in September 1921 and attended public schools in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and Evansville, Indiana. He graduated from Benjamin Bosse High School and became an Eagle Scout in 1932. He received his Bachelor of Arts from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1943.

### World War II

He served in the United States Navy from 1943 to 1946, serving in the Asia-Pacific area during World War II, and was discharged a lieutenant.

### Post-war career

Zion attended Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration from 1944 to 1945. He became associated with Mead Johnson & Company, working for the company from 1946 through 1965; eventually becoming director of training and professional relations.

### Congress

At the suggestion of D. Mead Johnson, chief of Mead Johnson, he ran for Congress in 1964 as Republican but was unsuccessful losing to the incumbent Democrat Winfield K. Denton. However, running against Denton in the 1966 election, he unseated Denton. Beginning in the 90th Congress, he was re-elected to the three succeeding Congresses, serving from January 3, 1967, to January 3, 1975. In 1967, Zion called anti-Vietnam War protesters "traitors" and suggested that "any of them involved in illegal acts be treated comparably with Frenchmen whose heads were shaved if they were caught collaborating with the Germans in World War II." While in Congress and following his Congressional terms, he participated in various bridge tournaments against corporate executives including Warren Buffett and members of the British Parliament.
Zion was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1974 to the 94th Congress, losing to state Senator Philip H. Hayes beginning a long line of frequent turnovers in the district known as the Bloody Eighth.

### Later career and death

After leaving Congress, Zion became the president of Resources Development Inc. in Washington, D.C. As of 2011 he resided in Washington, D.C., but later moved back to Evansville.
He died in Evansville, Indiana on September 24, 2019, one week after his 98th birthday. He was survived by his wife of 74 years, the former Marjorie Emma Knauss, and three children.
# Oral P. Tuttle

Oral P. Tuttle (January 13, 1889–March 9, 1957) was an American lawyer and politician.

## Biography

Tuttle was born on a farm near Harrisburg, Illinois. He went to the Harrisburg public schools and received his law degree from Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law. He was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1911 and practiced law in Harrisburg. He served as an Illinois Assistant Attorney General and as deputy circuit court clerk. Tuttle also served as the recorder for Saline County, Illinois. Tuttle served in the United States Navy during World War I. He served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1915 to 1919 and in the Illinois Senate from 1935 to 1939. Tuttle was involved with the Republican Party. He served an arbitrator for the Illinois Industrial Commission. Tuttle died in Harrisburg, Illinois after suffering from a long illness.
# Frank A. Wenstrom

Frank A. Wenstrom (July 27, 1903 – May 12, 1997) was a North Dakota Republican Party politician who served as the 28th lieutenant governor of North Dakota under Governor William L. Guy. Wenstrom also served in the North Dakota Senate for District 1 from 1957 to 1960 and 1967 to 1986, and was the President of the state's second Constitutional Convention.
Franklin Augustus Wenstrom was born and grew up in Wells County, North Dakota. He was the son of James A. Wenstrom (1874–1963) and Anna (Kringstad) Wenstrom (1874–1967). His parents were of Norwegian and Swedish immigrant heritage. Beginning in 1933, he worked in the oil business in Carrington, North Dakota. In 1945, he became secretary- manager for the Williston (N.D.) Chamber of Commerce. Wenstrom worked as public relations officer for First National Bank of Williston (1951–1960).
In 1938, he was married to Mary Esther Pickett (1907–2002). Wenstrom died at age 93 in 1997 and was buried at Riverview Cemetery in Williston.
# Wheeling National Heritage Area

40°0′N 80°45′W﻿ / ﻿40.000°N 80.750°W﻿ / 40.000; -80.750 Wheeling National Heritage Area is a federally designated National Heritage Area comprising the city of Wheeling, West Virginia and its industrial heritage associated with the region's steel industry and the commerce generated by the Ohio River. Products made in Wheeling included steel, iron, glass, tobacco products and nails. The existence of river crossings by road and rail, combined with access to river traffic, made Wheeling an important inland port.
Major sites associated with the national heritage area include the Wheeling Suspension Bridge and the La Belle Iron Works.
# Athletics at the 1963 Summer Universiade – Women's shot put

The women's shot put event at the 1963 Summer Universiade was held at the Estádio Olímpico Monumental in Porto Alegre in September 1963.

## Results

| Rank | Athlete | Nationality | Result |
| | Tamara Press | Soviet Union | 17.29 |
| | Judit Bognár | Hungary | 15.47 |
| | Jolán Kleiber-Kontsek | Hungary | 14.75 |
| 4 | Myriam Yutronic | Chile | 11.55 |
| 5 | Maria Caldeira | Brazil | 10.51 |
| 6 | Irene Scheurer Bicha | Brazil | 10.41 |