OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alexander the Good

Alexander I, commonly known as Alexander the Good (Romanian: Alexandru cel Bun; c. 1375 – 1 January 1432) was Voivode of Moldavia between 1400 and 1432. He was the son of Roman I and succeeded Iuga to the throne. As ruler he initiated a series of reforms while consolidating the status of the Principality of Moldavia.

## Reign
### Internal politics

Alexander expanded the bureaucratic system by creating the "Council of the Voivode", the Chancellory and by adding (in 1403) the institution of Logofăt – Chancellor of the official Chancellery.
During his reign, he introduced new fiscal laws by adding commercial privileges to the traders of Lviv (1408) and Kraków (1409), improved the situation of trading routes (especially the one linking the port of Cetatea Albă to Poland), strengthened the forts by guarding them and expanded the Moldavian ports of Cetatea Albă and Chilia.
He also had a role in ending the conflict between the Moldavian Orthodox Church and the Patriarch of Constantinople. He built the Bistrița Monastery, where he is buried, and continued the building of the Neamț Monastery, which was started in the previous century.
Alexander made the first documented confirmation of gypsy slavery in Moldavia, giving Bistrița Monastery 31 gypsy families along with some cattle.

### Foreign affairs

The main concern of Alexander the Good was to defend the country in wars against superior armies. In order to do that, he forged a system of alliances with Wallachia and Poland, generally against Hungary (although he had been backed to the throne by Sigismund of Hungary). In 1402, he was sworn vassal of Jogaila, the King of Poland. The treaty was renewed in 1404, 1407, 1411, and 1415.
Alexander participated in two battles against the Teutonic Knights: the Battle of Grunwald and the Siege of Marienburg. In 1420, he also, with the help of Poland, defended Moldavia against the first incursion by the Ottomans at Cetatea Albă. He also got involved in the power struggles of Wallachia by helping Radu II Prasnaglava in 1418 to 1419 and helping Alexandru I Aldea in 1429, mostly in order to prevent the capture of Chilia.
Due to a territorial claim of Poland and the previous failure of the Polish king to fulfill his part of the vassalic treaty during an Ottoman attack in 1420, Alexander launched an attack on Poland during the Lithuanian Civil War. The attack ended with the Treaty of Suceava on 18 November 1431.

## Personal life

Alexander had a number of wives: Margareta Bánffy de Losoncz, Ana Jagiellon of Podolsk, Rimgailė (daughter of Kęstutis and sister of Vytautas the Great; divorced in 1421). He had several children, including Iliaș, Petru III, Stephen II, Peter Aaron, and Bogdan II.
He died on 1 January 1432 and was buried in Bistriţa Monastery.
# Jack Wall (politician)

Jack Wall (born 1 July 1945) is an Irish former Labour Party politician who served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Kildare South constituency from 1997 to 2016 and a Senator from 1993 to 1997, after being nominated by the Taoiseach.
Wall was born in Castledermot, County Kildare in 1945. He was educated at Castledermot national school and Castledermot vocational school. He worked as an electrician before entering into local politics in 1991 when he was elected to Athy Town Council and Kildare County Council.
In 1993, Wall was nominated to Seanad Éireann. He was elected to Dáil Éireann as a Labour Party TD for Kildare South at the 1997 general election, and was re-elected at each subsequent general election until his retirement in 2016. He previously served as Labour Party Spokesperson for Agriculture, Defence and Arts, Sport and Tourism, and also for Community and Rural Affairs.
He was the chairperson of the Parliamentary Labour Party from 2007 to 2016.
On 10 July 2015, he announced that he would not be contesting the 2016 general election. Following the 2024 Irish general election, Wall's son Mark was elected to represent Kildare South.
# The Politics of Contraband

The Politics of Contraband is a 1992 role-playing supplement for Star Wars: The Roleplaying Game published by West End Games.

## Contents

The Politics of Contraband is a supplement in which five brief adventures are intended for smuggler player characters.

## Summary

This was a 1992 Star Wars Roleplaying Game supplement. It is now out of print.

## Reception

Chris Hind reviewed The Politics of Contraband in White Wolf #35 (March/April, 1993), rating it a 4 out of 5 and stated that "The Politics of Contraband contains above-average adventures for smugglers, free traders, and (with a little modification) most other character types."

## Reviews

* Dragon #199 (Nov., 1993)
* InQuest Gamer #9
# Sasumata

The sasumata (刺股, spear fork) is a polearm used by the samurai class and their retainers in feudal Japan.

## Description and use

Although some sources place the origin of the sasumata in the Muromachi period, most sources discuss its use in the Edo period. In Edo period Japan the samurai were in charge of police operations.
The sasumata (spear fork) together with the tsukubō (push pole) and the sodegarami (sleeve entangler) comprised the torimono sandōgu (three tools/implements of arresting) used by samurai police and security forces. Samurai police in the Edo period used the sasumata along with the sodegarami and tsukubō to restrain and arrest suspected criminals uninjured. The head of the sasumata would be used to catch around the neck, arms, legs, or joints of a suspect and detain them until officers could close in and apprehend them (using hojōjutsu). The sasumata had a long hardwood pole usually around 2 m (6 ft 7 in) in length with sharp barbs or spines attached to metal strips on one end of the pole to keep the person being captured from grabbing the pole. The opposite end of the sasumata pole would often have a metal cap, or ishizuki like those found on naginata and other polearms.

### Firefighting

There were also firefighting versions of the instrument known as a chokyakusan, rinkaku, tetsubashira, or tokikama. A similar weapon in China was known as a chang jiao qian, and sometimes called a cha gan or huo cha (fire fork), which had a similar firefighting role. The sasumata type implements were used by firefighters to help dismantle burning buildings, raise ladders, and otherwise assist with their duties.

### Modern use

Today, a modern version of the sasumata is still occasionally used by the police and as a self-defense tool. These modern sasumata are often made of aluminum, without the sharpened blades and spikes found on their medieval counterparts. They have been marketed to schools due to a growing fear of classroom invasions, which has prompted many schools in Japan to keep sasumata available for teachers to protect themselves and students and to detain a potential threat until the authorities can arrive. The introduction of sasumata to schools came to be popular after the Ikeda school massacre in 2001.
In November 2023, an employee of a jewellery store in Tokyo used a sasumata to drive off three robbers wearing motorcycle helmets, attracting nationwide interest and increased sales of the weapon.

## Gallery

* Edo period sasumata, used to capture criminal suspects and for crowd control
* Edo period sasumata, used to capture criminal suspects and for crowd control
* A modern sasumata
# Howard B. Myers

Howard B. Myers (February 13, 1901 – March 9, 1956) was an American statistician and economist who held executive posts with several agencies during the New Deal. His work was key in developing the techniques used to measure unemployment.

## Family and education

Myers was born in Knoxville, Iowa in 1901. He earned his undergraduate degree from Washburn University in 1923 where he was a member of the Kansas Beta chapter of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity. In 1922 he was inducted with five other juniors into the school's prestigious Sagamore Society. From Washburn he went to the University of Chicago where he earned a doctorate in economics.
In 1927 Myers married Bernice Curry. Together they had three children, Ann Curry, Howard Barton and Robert Burris. All three of Myers' brothers, Robert, Donald and Louis, were graduates of Washburn where all three were also members of Phi Delta Theta.

## Early career

Myers worked as a research assistant at the University of Chicago from 1923 to 1927. Then, after being awarded his PhD, he was an assistant professor there for two years.
In 1929, he left Chicago to become the director of research and statistics for the Illinois State Labor Department. With the Great Depression weighing on the economy, in 1932 he added a second state position when he assumed a role with Illinois State Emergency Relief Commission.

## Government service

Myers left Illinois in 1933 to join FDR's New Deal. According to Dr. Myer's obituary in the New York Times, his appointment was unusual because of his free market ideals. "Through the years he held firm to the belief that 'government controls over the economy are undesirable except in periods of sudden and grave emergency.' Sound budgetary policy...was far more effective than Government controls over prices, production, wages and profits."
His first posting was as assistant director in charge of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration. He was next assistant director in charge of social research at the Works Progress Administration. In 1942, with World War II raging, Myers served as assistant chief of the Works Progress Administrations' munitions branch.

## Post-government work

In 1943, Myers became affiliated with the Committee for Economic Development (CED). The CED is a private non-profit group of business and economic leaders encouraging policies that promote economic growth. In 1949, after six years as an associate director, he became the director of research. During his time as director, the CED helped American industry convert from its wartime footing to help meet the demands of the post-war economic boom.
Myers was a fellow of the American Statistical Association, a member of the American Economic Association and the American Industrial Labor Relations Association.
In March 1955, Myers died at the National Institute of Health in Bethesda, Maryland.
# Canoeing at the 2022 Asian Games – Women's C-2 200 metres

The women's sprint C-2 (canoe double) 200 metres competition at the 2022 Asian Games was held on 3 October 2023.

## Schedule

All times are China Standard Time (UTC+08:00)
| Date | Time | Event |
| Tuesday, 3 October 2023 | 12:00 | Final |

## Results

| Rank | Team | Time |
| | China (CHN) Shuai Changwen Lin Wenjun | 44.296 |
| | Kazakhstan (KAZ) Margarita Torlopova Ulyana Kisseleva | 46.627 |
| | Uzbekistan (UZB) Shokhsanam Sherzodova Nilufar Zokirova | 47.029 |
| 4 | Indonesia (INA) Nurmeni Riska Andriyani | 48.347 |
| 5 | Iran (IRI) Hedieh Kheirabadi Hiva Afzali | 48.850 |
| 6 | Thailand (THA) Kewalin Takhianram Aphinya Sroichit | 50.268 |
| 7 | Vietnam (VIE) Ma Thị Thương Diệp Thị Hương | 50.362 |
| 8 | India (IND) Kaveri Dimar Neha Devi Leichonbam | 51.479 |
# Neapolitan scale

In music, the major Neapolitan scale and the minor Neapolitan scale are two musical scales. Both scales are minor, in that they both contain a minor third above the root. The major and minor Neapolitan scales are instead differentiated by the quality of their sixth.
The sequence of scale steps for the Neapolitan minor is as follows:
    1♭2♭345♭678 AB$^♭$CDEFG$^♯$A HWWWHW+HH CD$^♭$E$^♭$FGA$^♭$BC
And for the Neapolitan major:
    1♭2♭345678 AB$^♭$CDEF$^♯$G$^♯$A HWWWWWH CD$^♭$E$^♭$FGABC
The scales are distinguished from the harmonic and ascending melodic minor scales by the lowered supertonic or second scale degree. This could also be known as the "Phrygian harmonic minor" or "Phrygian melodic minor." The scale therefore shares with the Phrygian mode the property of having a minor second above the tonic.
Both are accompanied well by power or minor chords.
The 4th mode of the Neapolitan major, also known as the Lydian Dominant ♭6 scale, is an excellent choice for the 9 ♯11 ♭13 chord. Said mode contains all the alterations plus the ♮5. A whole tone scale is often used but that mode tends to be minus the ♮5 that the Lydian Minor contains.
The 5th mode of the Neapolitan major is also known as the major Locrian scale.

## Modes

The scale contains the following modes:
    Mode Name of scale Degrees Notes (on C Neap. Minor) Triad Chords Seventh Chords 1 Neapolitan Minor1♭2♭345♭678 C D♭ E♭ F G A♭ B C Cm Cm$^{maj7}$ 2 Lydian ♯6123♯45♯678 D♭ E♭ F G A♭ B C D♭ D♭ D♭$^{maj7}$ or D♭$^{♯6}$ (equivalent to D♭$^7$) 3 Mixolydian Augmented1234♯56♭78 E♭ F G A♭ B C D♭ E♭ E♭+ E♭+$^7$ 4 Romani Minor (or Aeolian/Natural Minor ♯4) 12♭3♯45♭6♭78 F G A♭ B C D♭ E♭ F Fm Fm$^7$ 5 Locrian Dominant1♭234♭5♭6♭78 G A♭ B C D♭ E♭ F G G$^{♭5}$ G$^{7♭5}$ 6 Ionian/Major ♯21♯2345678 A♭ B C D♭ E♭ F G A♭ A♭ or A♭m A♭$^{maj7}$ or A♭m$^{maj7}$ 7 Ultralocrian/Altered Diminished 31♭23♭4♭5♭678 B C D♭ E F G A♭ B *B$^{♭5}$ **B 6$^{♭5}$
    Mode Name of scale Degrees Notes (on C Neap. Major) Triad Chords Seventh Chords 1 Neapolitan Major1♭2♭345678 C D♭ E♭ F G A B C Cm Cm$^{maj7}$ 2 Leading Whole Tone (or Lydian Augmented ♯6) 123♯4♯5♯678 D♭ E♭ F G A B C D♭ D♭+ D♭+$^{maj7}$ or D♭+$^{♯6}$ (equivalent to D♭+$^7$) 3 Lydian Augmented Dominant123♯4♯56♭78 E♭ F G A B C D♭ E♭ E♭+ E♭+$^7$ 4 Lydian Dominant ♭6123♯45♭6♭78 F G A B C D♭ E♭ F F F$^7$ 5 Major Locrian1234♭5♭6♭78 G A B C D♭ E♭ F G G$^{♭5}$ G$^{7♭5}$ 6 Half-Diminished ♭4 (or Altered Dominant ♯2) 12♭3♭4♭5♭6♭78 A B C D♭ E♭ F G A A$^ο$ or *A$^{♭5}$ A$^{ø7}$ or ***A$^{7♭5}$ 7 Altered Dominant 31♭23♭4♭5♭6♭78 B C D♭ E♭ F G A B *B$^{♭5}$ ***B$^{7♭5}$ Notes :
   * * While this triad consisted of 1, ♭4 (~3), and ♭5 notes, this is not really a normal triad since no use of 3rd-grade notes (in B : D or D♯/E♭). Instead, this triad more likely shaped as sus♭4 triad (although ♭4 is enharmonic to 3).
   * ** 7 enharmonic to 6, so the 6th chords is available instead of 7th (thus being used here).
   * *** These chords can actually be respelled as 7alt (the 7♭5 is one of the altered dominant chords).
# Boline

The boline (also spelled bolline, pron.: boh-leen) is a white-handled ritual knife, one of several magical tools used in Wicca, mainly for the cutting of herbs and inscribing candles.

## Description

Unlike the athame, which in most traditions is never used for actual physical cutting, the boline is used for cutting cords and herbs, carving candles, etc. It has a small, straight or crescent-shaped blade with, traditionally, a white handle.

## Purpose

The boline has been adopted by several other modern forms of witchcraft including Eclectic Wicca. Among these later traditions opinions vary as to whether the boline is truly a magical tool or is merely of utilitarian purpose. Similarly, sometimes a white-hilted knife called a kirfane (various spellings) is used, for roughly the same purposes as the boline.
According to the Kitchen Witchcraft philosophy, the use of magical tools for mundane purposes like cooking is actively encouraged, and as such there is little or no need for a boline as a separate tool from the athame. Some traditions, such as that of Robert Cochrane, also prescribe the use of a single knife for both ritual and practical purposes.

## Key of Solomon

Many of the bolines advertised in on-line "magick shops" have a characteristic crescent shape, and are described as being for harvesting herbs. This crescent shape is reminiscent of the sickle described in the Key of Solomon, a medieval grimoire and one of the sources for modern Wicca.
Confusingly, an Italian version of the Key of Solomon has a hook-shaped knife called an artauo (a possible root for athame) and a straight, needle-shaped blade called a bolino. When the name "boline" was first used to describe the crescent-shaped blade is not clear. In The Book of Ceremonial Magic published by Arthur Edward Waite in 1911, Waite references a number of early works on magic which mention the bolline or sickle, saying
   "Among the necessary properties mentioned by the Book of True Black Magic are the sword, the staff, the rod, the lancet, the arctrave or hook, the bolline or sickle, the needle, the poniard, a white-handled knife and another knife, with a black handle, used to describe the circle. The most important to make is that called the bolline..."
# Dudley Chase

Dudley Chase (December 30, 1771 – February 23, 1846) was a U.S. Senator from Vermont who served from 1813 to 1817 and again from 1825 to 1831. He was born in Cornish, New Hampshire.

## Career

After graduating from Dartmouth College in 1791, he studied law under Lot Hall in Westminster, Vermont. In 1793, he was admitted to the Vermont bar.
Chase lived, farmed, and practiced law in Randolph, Vermont. He was Orange County State's Attorney from 1803 to 1812. He was a member of the Vermont House of Representatives from 1805 to 1812, serving as Speaker from 1808 to 1812. He was elected to the state constitutional conventions in 1814 and 1822.
Chase was elected to the U.S. Senate as a Democratic-Republican in 1812 and served from 1813 to 1817, when he resigned. He was the first ever Chairman of the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, serving from 1816 to 1817.
After resigning in 1817, he returned to Vermont, where he was chief justice of the Vermont Supreme Court until 1821. He served as a member of the Vermont House of Representatives from 1823 to 1824.
He returned to national politics in 1825 when he was elected as an Anti-Jacksonian to the U.S. Senate, serving until 1831.
Dudley Chase died in Randolph on February 23, 1846.

## Family

Dudley Chase was the son of Dudley & Alice (Corbett) Chase, an uncle of Salmon P. Chase (Treasury Secretary, 1861–1864 and Chief Justice of the United States, 1864–1873) and Dudley Chase Denison (a U.S. Representative from Vermont). He was the brother of Philander Chase.

## Home

Dudley Chase's Randolph Center home still stands and is a private residence.

## Attempts to locate portrait

Chase is one of between 40 and 50 U.S. Senators for whom the Senate historian has no portrait, photograph, or other likeness on file. According to Randolph historian and Chase descendant Harriet M. Chase, no portrait of Dudley Chase was ever painted. Other efforts to locate a likeness of Dudley Chase have also proved unsuccessful.
# Deur Kothar

Deorkothar (also: Deur Kothar) is a location of archaeological importance in Madhya Pradesh, Central India. It was discovered in 1982 and is known for Buddhist stupas credited to the Mauryan emperor Ashoka.

## The discovery and excavations

P.K. Mishra (Archaeological Survey of India) discovered Deorkothar in 1982 along with Ajit Singh, sarpanch of village Barhat. It was declared a monument of national importance in 1988 by the Govt of India and is being preserved and conserved by Archaeological Survey of India, Bhopal.
Realising the importance of the site, and its likely international bearing on Buddhism, the Archaeological Survey of India decided to carry out extensive, but controlled, excavations at the site. The excavations were started at the site in 1999 and continued up to 2000. The site is marked by four stupa mounds built out of brick out of which two stupas No. 1 and 2 were subjected to archaeological excavations. Stupa no. 1 is about 9 m (30 ft) high. There are remnants of 30 stupas made of stones or bricks. In the surrounding area there are 63 rock shelters with old rock paintings. Some rocks have inscriptions in Brahmi language.

## Deorkothar inscription

The six line Brahmi inscription on the Deorkothar pillar is considered to be the earliest evidence of the historic Buddha. It is given below, transliterated into Devanagari script.
भ ग व तो बु ध उ त र मि त्रो उ त र मि त्र स अ भ ड्‍ भ ड्‍ स आ ते वा सि ना दि नु उ पा स क स आ ते वा सि स व ज य स व ध म द वे न के क डी के न ब स ति ये उ स पि तो भं भो आ आ च रि ये न क सि
The inscription mentions Buddha on the first line. The gist of the inscription, pertains to the erection and dedication of stone pillar by an unnamed Upasaka and his disciples in memory of the Buddha, the enlightened one. The inscription speaks about an Acharya, named Dharamdev, and his three disciples – Uttarmitra, Bhadra and Upasaka, who used to reside in the monastery. They installed this pillar, dedicating it to the Buddha.
# Superstar (2021 film)

Superstar is a 2021 Nollywood film released on 29 December 2021 by Inkblot Productions. The film stars an ensemble cast including Nancy Isime, Deyemi Okanlawon, Timini Egbuson, Daniel Etim Effiong, and Eku Edewor. Superstar was jointly produced by Inkblot Productions and FilmOne Studios, marking the ninth collaboration between the two studios.

## Plot

An up-and-coming actress named Queen played by Nancy Isime experiences a rise to stardom and success as she faces the different challenges of life on her way to stardom. She is faced with different challenges and also faced with an occurrence from her past, her unyielding ex-boyfriend, her new life, and stardom itself. Life just became a crossroad for Queen. The movie is an intriguing romance movie that exemplifies the growth and adventure of an upcoming actress in Nollywood and the various challenges on the road to Stardom as experienced by Queen.

## Cast

* Nancy Isime as Queen
* Timini Egbuson as Delarin
* Eku Edewor as Teni
* Ufuoma McDermott as Muna
* Deyemi Okanlawon as Babs
* Daniel Etim Effiong as Hassani
* Teniola Aladese as Cynthia
* Damola Ademola as Director Gbenga
* Chris Ejike as Teni's Husband
* Genoveva Umeh as Ore
* Ezinne Akam as Inmate 1
* Chiamaka Andaline as Inmate 3
* Ndubuisi Chidozie as Policewoman
* Oluwagbenga Ethan as Doctor
* Gold Gerry as Press Woman
* Rachael Isaac as Nurse 1
* Arowosola Kofoworala as Nurse 2
* Matilda Ogunleye as Premiere Announcer
* Chinaza Onuzo as Chimieze
* Lord Frank as Frank

## Production

Superstar was jointly written by Akhigbe Ilozobhie, Uyoyou Adia and Chinaza Onuzo, and it was directed by Akhigbe Ilozobhie. The movie was released in December 2021, in turn, to also mark the 10th anniversary of Inkblot Production.

## Award and nomination

In the 8th edition of Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards (AMVCA), Nancy Isime who played Queen in the movie was nominated under the category "Best Actress in a Drama" for her role but she lost to Osas Ighodaro.