OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# National symbols of South Korea

The national symbols of South Korea are official and unofficial flags, icons, or cultural expressions that are emblematic, representative, or otherwise characteristic of South Korea (the Republic of Korea) and of its culture. Since the division of the Korean peninsula in 1948, South Korea has retained traditional symbols to distinguish from the national symbols of North Korea.

## Symbols

| | Symbol | Image | Notes |
| Flag | Flag of South Korea | Taegukgi | Current version, adopted in 2011; inaugural version from 1948. |
| Emblem | Emblem of South Korea | Emblem of South Korea (Taegeuk; Hibiscus syriacus) | The original version of the emblem was announced on 10 December 1963; the current version (shown here) was adopted in 2011. |
| National anthem | Aegukga 애국가 | Aegukga sheet music Aegukga | |
| Song | Arirang 아리랑 | | |
| Seal | National seal Guksae | | Current version, adopted in 2011; inaugural version was adopted in 1949. |
| Governmental emblem | Government emblem of South Korea (Taegeuk) | Government Seal of South Korea | |
| National motto | 홍익인간 (弘益人間) | "Benefit broadly in the human world / Devotion to the Welfare of Humanity" | |
| National tree | Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) | Korean red pine | |
| National flower | Mugunghwa (Hibiscus syriacus) | Hibiscus syriacus | |
| National bird | Korean magpie (Pica sericea) | Korean magpie | |
| National animal | Korean tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) | Siberian tiger | |
| National fruit | Asian Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) | | |
| National currency | South Korean won | | |
| Patron saint | Andrew Kim Taegon | | |
| National founder | Dangun | | |
| De facto National poet | Ch'oe Ch'i-wŏn, Han Yong-un, Pak Mok-wol, Jeong Cheol | | |
| National epic | Jewang Un'gi, King Dongmyeong | | |
| De facto National dance | Buchaechum, Ganggangsullae, Geommu | | |
| National costume | Hanbok | | |
| National insect | Callipogon relictus | Callipogon relictus | Unofficial symbol of the Entomological Society of Korea and Korean Entomological Institute |
| National instrument | Gayageum | | |
| National stone | Amethyst | | |
| National colours | | White #FFFFFF Red #CD2E3A Blue #0047A0 Black #000000 | |
| National mountains | Paektu Mountain, Hallasan | Paektu Mountain Hallasan | Paektu Mountain is located in North Korea and China Both are part of the larger Baekdu-daegan |
| National sport | Taekwondo | Taekwondo | |
| National dish | Kimchi | Various kimchi | |
| National liquor | Makgeolli | | |
# Maurice Pion

Maurice Pion (11 September 1801, Paris – 14 February 1869, Warsaw) was a French ballet dancer, director of the Warsaw Ballet and head of the ballet school in Warsaw, director of an itinerant ballet company.

## Biography
### Theater career

He began his career at the "Ambigu" theater in Paris. In 1818 he arrived in Warsaw with a group of French dancers and then (until 1825) was the first dancer of the Warsaw Ballet. In 1823, together with Julia Mierzyńska, he worked on the production of Wedding in Ojców as ballet master. After a year's stay in Paris (1825–1826), he returned to Warsaw and was appointed director of the Warsaw Ballet and head of the ballet school. After his retirement (1843), he organized his own ballet company, with which he toured various cities: Vilno, Minsk, Kalisz, Mogilev, Kyiv, Chișinău, Odesa, Zhytomyr and Kharkiv. In 1847 he established a partnership with Kajetan Nowiński. From 1852, Kyiv was the permanent home of the ensemble.
He played several roles. Pion staged ballets in which he also danced.

### Pedagogical activity

In 1833, while already head of the ballet school, he was sent by the management of the Warsaw Theatre Directorate to Paris, where he studied teaching methods at the opera house there for six months. Upon his return, he implemented modern teaching methods at the school, which were used from then on for several decades. The group of his students with whom he organized performances based on the repertoire of European ballet innovations included: Eugenia Koss, Konstancja Turczynowicz, Teodozja Gwozdecka, Karolina Wendt, Julia Trawna, Antoni Tarnowski, Aleksander Tarnowski and Feliks Krzesiński. From 1834 he also taught dance lessons at the Alexandria-Mary Institute for the Education of Ladies in Warsaw.
In 1851–1855, he worked in Kyiv as a director of a choreographic company at the Kyiv City Theater and also organized a choreographic school. Later he returned to Warsaw, where he worked as a teacher at a ballet school between 1861 and 1864.

### Family

His sister was the actress and dancer Eugenia Koss. In 1824, he married Aleksandrę Antoninę, née Budzyńska. Their children Adela, Adolf Stanisław, Kornelia and Władysław Stanisław were also professionally involved in the theater.

### Burial

He was buried in the Powązki Cemetery. The funeral took place on 17 February 1869.
# Pedoe's inequality

In geometry, Pedoe's inequality (also Neuberg–Pedoe inequality), named after Daniel Pedoe (1910–1998) and Joseph Jean Baptiste Neuberg (1840–1926), states that if a, b, and c are the lengths of the sides of a triangle with area ƒ, and A, B, and C are the lengths of the sides of another triangle with area F, then
    $A^{2}(b^{2}+c^{2}-a^{2})+B^{2}(a^{2}+c^{2}-b^{2})+C^{2}(a^{2}+b^{2}-c^{2})\geq 16Ff,\,$
with equality if and only if the two triangles are similar with pairs of corresponding sides (A, a), (B, b), and (C, c).
The expression on the left is not only symmetric under any of the six permutations of the set { (A, a), (B, b), (C, c) } of pairs, but also—perhaps not so obviously—remains the same if a is interchanged with A and b with B and c with C. In other words, it is a symmetric function of the pair of triangles.
Pedoe's inequality is a generalization of Weitzenböck's inequality, which is the case in which one of the triangles is equilateral.
Pedoe discovered the inequality in 1941 and published it subsequently in several articles. Later he learned that the inequality was already known in the 19th century to Neuberg, who however did not prove that the equality implies the similarity of the two triangles.

## Proof

By Heron's formula, the area of the two triangles can be expressed as:
    $16f^{2}=(a+b+c)(a+b-c)(a-b+c)(b+c-a)=(a^{2}+b^{2}+c^{2})^{2}-2(a^{4}+b^{4}+c^{4})$
    $16F^{2}=(A+B+C)(A+B-C)(A-B+C)(B+C-A)=(A^{2}+B^{2}+C^{2})^{2}-2(A^{4}+B^{4}+C^{4})$
and then, using Cauchy-Schwarz inequality we have,
    $16Ff+2a^{2}A^{2}+2b^{2}B^{2}+2c^{2}C^{2}$
    $\leq {\sqrt {16f^{2}+2a^{4}+2b^{4}+2c^{4}}}{\sqrt {16F^{2}+2A^{4}+2B^{4}+2C^{4}}}$
    $=(a^{2}+b^{2}+c^{2})(A^{2}+B^{2}+C^{2})$
So,
    $16Ff\leq A^{2}(a^{2}+b^{2}+c^{2})-2a^{2}A^{2}+B^{2}(a^{2}+b^{2}+c^{2})-2b^{2}B^{2}+C^{2}(a^{2}+b^{2}+c^{2})-2c^{2}C^{2}$
    $=A^{2}(b^{2}+c^{2}-a^{2})+B^{2}(a^{2}+c^{2}-b^{2})+C^{2}(a^{2}+b^{2}-c^{2})$
and the proposition is proven.
Equality holds if and only if ${\tfrac {a}{A}}={\tfrac {b}{B}}={\tfrac {c}{C}}={\sqrt {\tfrac {f}{F}}}$, that is, the two triangles are similar.
# Edgar Papu

Edgar Papu or Edgard I. Pappu (Bucharest, 13/26 September 1908 – 30 March 1993) was a Romanian scholar of literature and a professor. He is notable for coining the term protochronism (Romanian: protochronismul) in 1974, and for assisting development of this nationalist-literary-historical concept during the Ceaușescu regime.
# Gould Pond

Gould Pond is a small lake located north-northeast of Long Eddy in Delaware County, New York. Hoolihan Brook flows through Gould Pond.
# Home Movie (2008 film)

Home Movie is a 2008 found footage psychological horror film and is the directorial debut of actor Christopher Denham.
The film received favorable reviews at Montreal’s 2008 Fantasia Film Festival. Following the final screening, bids were made on the film and IFC Entertainment acquired the U.S. rights for IFC's Festival Direct Video On Demand and DVD rights Nationwide. The film stars Adrian Pasdar, Cady McClain, Amber Joy Williams, and Austin Williams.

## Plot

Home Movie documents one family's descent into darkness through compilation of the Poe family's home-made video footage. In the remote woods of upstate New York, David (Adrian Pasdar) and Clare (Cady McClain) Poe are attempting to live an idyllic life. However, the Poe children are hiding a dark secret and something is wrong with ten-year-old twins Jack (Austin Williams) and Emily (Amber Joy Williams) Poe. To stop them, their parents must enter the nightmare of their children’s minds. As they try to regain control of the children’s lives, the pressing question becomes who will ultimately survive the battle.

## Soundtrack

The film's original score was composed by Ryan Shore.

## Reception

Dr. Nathan of Quiet Earth said, "This truly disturbing movie, written and directed by Christopher Denham, is thus far the only TAD premiere Dr Nathan has experienced which actually, really gave me that deep-down visceral sense of dread and foreboding." From Dread Central: "There’s something about home videos that brings out the worst in people. I hadn’t thought of it for years, but after seeing Christopher Denham’s disturbing Home Movie, I remembered my very own forays into family camcording" ... "is better written, more realistic and more disturbing than the forefather of the modern found footage horror movie, The Blair Witch Project. In fact, Home Movie might just be the tautest, best acted, most tightly written and disturbing 'found film' ever made!"

## Release

After screenings at multiple festivals, the rights to DVD distribution were acquired by IFC Films for the U.S. and Anchor Bay Entertainment for Canada.
# Carlos Vassallo Rojas

Carlos Vassallo Rojas (26 June 1908 − 29 July 1983) was a Chilean politician and lawyer who served as minister and ambassador.

## Biography

Vasallo Rojas was Minister of Public Health and Social Welfare during Carlos Ibáñez del Campo's second government.
Later, he was Undersecretary of State in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs. During Salvador Allende's overthrow, he was ambassador to Italy. Similarly, during the first years of Augusto Pinochet's regime, it was denied his return to Chile.
In early 1982, Vassallo returned to his homeland and died on 28 July 1983 aged 75.

## Honors

* Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
# Andrew Le Mercier

Andrew Le Mercier (1692–1764) was a French-born Protestant Huguenot leader in Boston in the 18th century and author.
Le Mercier was born in Normandy, France in 1692, completing clerical studies in Geneva at the then Geneva Academy in 1715 and arrived in Boston (then in the English colony of Province of Massachusetts Bay) in 1716 recruited by André Faneuil as pastor of the Boston French Church (now 24 School Street) and remained there until 1741 when the church closed.
Le Mercier was a respected leader amongst the small Huguenot community that existed in New England for almost three decades.

## Personal

His son Andrew Le Mercier Jr would serve in the British colonial forces during the French and Indian War.

## Shipwreck Relief

Sometime in 1737-1738 he built a house for the relief of shipwrecked mariners on Sable Island. There is belief that the Sable Island horses were introduced by him.

## Later years and death

Le Mercier retired after the closure of the Boston church to a farm in Roxbury, Massachusetts, and died there in 1764.

## Books

Le Mercier is credited to two books:
* "The Church History of Geneva, in Five Books, with a Political and Geographical Account of that Republic" (Boston, 1732)
* "Treatise against Detraction" (1733)
# Deutsche Jägerschaft

Reichsbund Deutsche Jägerschaft (German Hunting Society) was the official hunting society in Nazi Germany, 1934–1945. Membership was mandatory for all who possessed a hunting license.

## Origin

The Deutsche Jägerschaft was created through the Reichsjagdgesetz (National Hunting Act) of 1934. Existing hunting societies were disbanded and the membership transferred to the new society.

## Mission

* Educate the hunting community to practice an ethical hunting culture.
* Preserve the wildlife population unchanged to the benefit of future generations.
* Jews were excluded from membership even if they owned hunting grounds.

## Organization

The Deutsche Jägerschaft was a statutory corporation with mandatory membership for all who possessed a hunting license. The membership was in hunting matters subordinate to the jurisdiction of the Deutsche Jägerschaft through its system of honorary courts. Deutsche Jägerschaft was led by Hermann Göring, as Reichsjägermeister, and was governed by the Führerprinciple. Elected officials did not exist; all functionaries were appointed by their superiors in the internal chain of command. Goring's deputy and leader of the daily work was Walter von Keudell until 1937. Administrative leader was Oberstjägermeister Ulrich Scherping.
"Deutsche Jägerschaft" was organized in a number of Jagdgaus. Some Länder had a Landesjägermeister as leader of the Gaujägermeisters. Each Jagdgau contained a number of Jagdkreise under a Kreisjägermeister. Each Jagdkreis had a number of Hegeringen (Game Management Areas) under a Hegeringsleiter. Thüringen, for instance, formed a Jagdgau with 15 Jagdkreise that were state wildlife agencies. The Institute für Jagdkunde (Hunting Science Institute) and the Deutsche Versuchsanstalt für Handfeuerwaffen (German Research Station for Small Arms) also came under the Deutsche Jägerschaft.

## Rank structure

* Reichsjägermeister Göring
* Oberstjägermeister Ulrich Scherping
* Landesjägermeister
* Gaujägermeister
* Oberjägermeister
* Stabsjägermeister by Landesjägermeister/Jägermeister by Reichsjägermeister
* Kreisjägermeister
* Stabsjägermeister by Gaujägermeister/Jägermeister by Landesjägermeister
* Hegeringsleiter
Source:

## Dissolution

The Allied Powers dissolved the Deutsche Jägerschaft in 1945, and its assets and properties were confiscated.

## Flags

* Reichsjäger- meister
* Staff of the Reichsjäger- meister
* Members of the Reichsjagdrat
* Landes- jägermeister
* Gaujägermeister
* Kreis- jägermeister
* Ordinary Member
Source:
# Statue of John Keats, Guy's Hospital

A statue of poet John Keats is situated in an alcove in the grounds of Guy's Hospital in the Southwark district of London. It was sculpted by Stuart Williamson and unveiled in 2007. Keats was a trainee doctor at the hospital.
# Robert Domergue

Robert Domergue (21 November 1921 – 22 January 2014) was a French football player and manager.
# Newnhamia insolita

Newnhamia insolita is a species of crustacean in the family Notodromadidae. It is endemic to Australia.
# SNCAC NC.130

The SNCAC NC.130 was a French high-altitude research aircraft of the 1930s. A single example flew in 1939, but was destroyed during the Second World War.

## Design and development

The French aircraft manufacturer Farman designed and built the Farman F.1000 series of high altitude aircraft in the early 1930s. When Farman was nationalised to form part of the Société Nationale de Constructions Aéronautiques du Centre (SNCAC) in 1936, SNCAC continued its interest in high altitude aircraft, proposing a number of high-altitude projects, including the NC.140 four-engined heavy bomber (a pressurised derivative of the Farman F.223.3) and the twin-engined NC.150 bomber.
In order to aid the design of these projects and, in particular, the pressure cabins that they needed, SNCAC designed a pressurised twin-engined research aircraft, the SNCAC NC.130. The NC.130 was a low-winged cantilever monoplane with a fixed tailwheel undercarriage. It was powered by two 720 hp (540 kW) Hispano-Suiza 12Ybr engines. Its crew of three were accommodated in a cylindrical riveted duralumin pressure cabin in the nose of the aircraft, with the pilot provided with thick glass portholes in the upper part of the cabin to allow outward vision.

## Operational history

The NC.130 made its maiden flight on 10 October 1939. In May 1940, it was evacuated to the former Hanriot airfield at Bourges to escape the German invasion, interrupting the aircraft's test programme, it having flown 41 hours 18 minutes by this time. The evacuation was not successful, as the NC.130 was destroyed later that year.

## Specifications

Data from French Projects—1940
General characteristics
* Crew: 3
* Length: 11.75 m (38 ft 7 in)
* Wingspan: 16.63 m (54 ft 7 in)
* Height: 4.19 m (13 ft 9 in)
* Wing area: 40.30 m$^2$ (433.8 sq ft)
* Gross weight: 4,501 kg (9,922 lb)
* Powerplant: 2 × Hispano-Suiza 12Ybr liquid-cooled V12 engines, 540 kW (730 hp) each
Performance
* Maximum speed: 300.0 km/h (186.4 mph, 162.0 kn)
* Service ceiling: 10,600 m (34,776 ft)
# Safiyanu

SafiyanuSafiyanu.ogg is a Nigerian male given name and surname predominantly used among Muslims, particularly within the Hausa community. Derived from Arabic, "Safiyan" which signifies "Pure Gold; Diamond". The female given name is Safiya.

## Notable individuals with the name

* Abubakar Safiyanu (born 2003), Nigerian professional footballer.
# Kessen wa Kinyōbi

"Kessen wa Kinyōbi" (決戦は金曜日, lit. "Friday Is the Crucial Day") is a song recorded by Japanese band Dreams Come True for their fifth studio album, The Swinging Star. It was released as the album's lead single by Epic/Sony Records on September 19, 1992. It served as the opening theme to the CX music show Ureshi Tanoshi Daisuki - Friday Night Live, on which the band were regular cast members. The single's coupling song, "Taiyō ga Miteru" was used in the advertising campaign for Fujifilm's Fujicolor Super HG 400 film.

## Composition

The lyrics to "Kessen wa Kinyōbi" were written by Miwa Yoshida and the song was composed and arranged by Masato Nakamura, while the track was co-produced by the band and Mike Pela. "Kessen wa Kinyōbi" came about when Nakamura and Sing Like Talking frontman Chikuzen Satō decided to challenge themselves to a friendly competition to see who could write the best song using the chord progression to Cheryl Lynn's "Got to Be Real" as base inspiration. "Kessen wa Kinyōbi" and "Rise" by Sing Like Talking, from their album Humanity (1992), were the resulting tracks. Additionally, Nakamura pulled inspiration from Earth, Wind & Fire's "Let's Groove" to make the perfect disco anthem. The song is written in the key of C minor with a common time tempo of 126 beats per minute. Yoshida's vocals span two octaves, from G$_3$ to G$_5$.

## Critical reception

CDJournal critics described the song as a "fanfare" that gets your "adrenaline pumping". It was praised for capturing the essence of Lynn's "Got to Be Real", on which the song is based.

## Cover versions

In 2003, Key of life and A.mia sampled "Kessen wa Kinyōbi" on their song "Friday Let Me Down" featuring Soul'd Out's Diggy-Mo'. In 2012, Nico Touches the Walls recorded a cover of the song to be included as a B-side to the single "Yume 1 Go". In 2014, HY recorded a cover of the song for the Dreams Come True tribute album, Watashi no Dorikamu, released in celebration of the band's 25th anniversary. In 2017, Daichi Miura recorded his rendition of the song for the Dreams Come True cover album, DoriUta Vol. 1.

## Chart performance

"Kessen wa Kinyōbi" debuted at number one on the Oricon Singles Chart, with 210,970 copies sold in its first week. The single stayed at the top of the chart for three consecutive weeks, selling 136,300 copies on its second charting week and 86,690 copies on its third week. It slid to number three the following week, logging sales of 87,550 units. The single spent an additional three weeks in the top ten. It charted in the top 100 for twenty-three weeks, selling a reported total of 1,070,420 copies, making it Dreams Come True's first million-selling single. "Kessen wa Kinyōbi" ranked at number 18 on the year-end Oricon Singles Chart for 1992.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Miwa Yoshida

## Charts

| Chart (1992) | Peak position |
| Japan Weekly Singles (Oricon) | 1 |
| Japan Monthly Singles (Oricon) | 3 |
| Japan Yearly Singles (Oricon) | 18 |

## Certification and sales

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Japan (RIAJ) | Million | 1,070,000 |
# 2004 Super League Grand Final

The 2004 Super League Grand Final was the 7th official Grand Final and conclusive and championship-deciding game of Super League IX. It was held on Saturday 16 October 2004, at Old Trafford, Manchester, and was played between Leeds Rhinos, who finished top of the league after the 28 weekly rounds, and Bradford Bulls, who finished second after the weekly rounds.

## Background

| | Team | Pld | W | D | L | PF | PA | PD | Pts |
| 1 | Leeds Rhinos | 28 | 24 | 2 | 2 | 1037 | 443 | +594 | 50 |
| 2 | Bradford Bulls | 28 | 20 | 1 | 7 | 918 | 565 | +353 | 41 |

### Route to the Final
#### Leeds Rhinos

Leeds finished top of the table to qualify for a home match in the semi-finals. The play-off structure matched them against the team finishing second - Bradford. Bradford won the semi-final meaning Leeds had to win the elimination final against Wigan to qualify for the grand final. In the elimination final they raced past Wigan 40–12 to set up a rematch against Bradford.
Leeds :
| Round | Opposition | Score |
| Qualifying Semi-Final | Bradford Bulls (H) | 26-12 |
| Elimination Final | Wigan Warriors (H) | 40-12 |
| Key: (H) = Home venue; (A) = Away venue. |||

#### Bradford Bulls

By finishing second in the table Bradford qualified for the semi-finals but had to play the league leaders, Leeds, away with the winners going straight through to the grand final. In the game at Headingley Bradford won 26–12.

## Match details

* 16 October 2004
| Leeds Rhinos | 16 - 8 | Bradford Bulls |
| Tries: Diskin McGuire Goals: Sinfield (4) | Report | Tries: Vainikolo Hape |
* Old Trafford, Manchester Attendance: 65,547 Referee: Steve Ganson (St Helens)
Bradford's Leon Pryce was unable to play due to a shoulder injury, he was replaced by Paul Johnson.
Andrew Dunemann was left out of the Leeds side. Danny McGuire was partnered by Kevin Sinfield in the halves. The pre-match entertainment was performed by singer Heather Small
| Leeds Rhinos | Leeds Rhinos | Position | Bradford Bulls | Bradford Bulls |
| 1 | Richard Mathers | Fullback | 1 | Michael Withers |
| 2 | Mark Calderwood | Winger | | Stuart Reardon |
| 3 | Chev Walker | Centre | | Paul Johnson |
| 4 | Keith Senior | Centre | 4 | Shontayne Hape |
| 5 | Marcus Bai | Winger | 5 | Lesley Vainikolo |
| 13 | Kevin Sinfield | Stand Off | 6 | Iestyn Harris |
| 6 | Danny McGuire | Scrum half | 7 | Paul Deacon |
| | Danny Ward | Prop | | Joe Vagana |
| 9 | Matt Diskin | Hooker | 9 | Robbie Paul |
| 16 | Ryan Bailey | Prop | | Stuart Fielden |
| | Chris McKenna | 2nd Row | 11 | Jamie Peacock |
| 14 | Ali Lauitiiti | 2nd Row | | Logan Swann |
| | David Furner | Loose forward | | Lee Radford |
| 7 | Rob Burrow | Interchange | | Karl Pratt |
| | Willie Poching | Interchange | | Jamie Langley |
| | Barrie McDermott | Interchange | | Rob Parker |
| 11 | Jamie Jones-Buchanan | Interchange | | Paul Anderson |
| | Tony Smith | Coach | | Brian Noble |