OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1937 Marquette Golden Avalanche football team

The 1937 Marquette Golden Avalanche football team was an American football team that represented Marquette University as an independent during the 1937 college football season. In its first season under head coach Paddy Driscoll, the team compiled a 3–6 record and was outscored by a total of 124 to 48. The team played its home games at Marquette Stadium in Milwaukee.
In February 1937, Frank Murray resigned as Marquette's head football coach after 15 years in the position; Murray left to accept the same position at the University of Virginia. Three weeks later, Marquette hired Paddy Driscoll as its new coach. Driscoll had previously played both Major League Baseball and in the National Football League; he was later inducted into both the College and Pro Football Hall of Fames.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 25 | Ripon | Marquette StadiumMilwaukee, WI | W 14–0 | |
| October 2 | at Wisconsin | Camp Randall StadiumMadison, WI | L 0–12 | 30,942 |
| October 8 | South Dakota | Marquette StadiumMilwaukee, WI | W 7–6 | 8,000 |
| October 16 | at Kansas State | Memorial StadiumManhattan, KS | L 0–13 | 3,500 |
| October 23 | at Michigan State | Macklin FieldEast Lansing, MI | L 7–21 | 15,000 |
| October 30 | vs. No. 14 Santa Clara | Soldier FieldChicago, IL | L 0–38 | 40,000 |
| November 6 | at No. 13 Villanova | Shibe ParkPhiladelphia, PA | L 7–25 | 12,000 |
| November 13 | Iowa State | Marquette StadiumMilwaukee, WI | L 0–3 | 8,000 |
| November 20 | Duquesne | Marquette StadiumMilwaukee, WI | W 13–6 | 7,000 |
| Rankings from AP Poll released prior to the game ||||||
# Qadiyani Problem

Qadiyani Problem (Urdu: قادیانی مسئلہ, romanized: Qadiyānī Masaʾla) is a 1953 book written by Pakistani scholar Abul A'la Mawdudi. "Qadiyani" is a slur used to attack members of the Ahmadiyya movement.

## Synopsis

The book deals with some of the interpretations of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad who claimed to be a prophet. It discusses the finality of prophethood, the claimed prophethood of Ahmad, and its consequences in Muslim society. It also mentions the status of the Ahmadiyya Community and the political plans which Maududi associated with them. In one of the appendices of the book, a discussion has been given which is claimed to have occurred between Muhammad Iqbal and Jawaharlal Nehru. In this discussion Allama Iqbal is said to have expressed his views regarding followers of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad and have rationalised his view that followers of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad be given a status of a different religious community in India.

## Reception

A comprehensive rebuttal was published by the second Ahmadiyya leader at the time because the book was considered to be hate speech by the Ahmadiyya branch of Islam.

## Legacy

In 1953, Maududi and his Jamat e Islami party participated in a campaign against the Ahmadiyya community in Pakistan, joined by traditionalist ulama who wanted Ahmadi Muslims designated as non-Muslims. Ahmadis such as Muhammad Zafarullah Khan sacked from all high level government positions, and intermarriage between Ahmadi Muslims and other Muslims prohibited. The campaign generated riots in Lahore, leading to the deaths of at least 2000 Ahmadis, and selective declaration of martial law.
Maududi was arrested by the military deployment headed by Lieutenant General Azam Khan and sentenced to death for his part in the agitation. However, the anti-Ahmadi campaign enjoyed much popular support, and strong public pressure ultimately convinced the government to release him after two years of imprisonment. According to academic Vali Nasr, Maududi's unapologetic and impassive stance after being sentenced, ignoring advice to ask for clemency, had an "immense" effect on his supporters. It was seen as a "victory of Islam over un-Islam", proof of his leadership and staunch faith.
# Ciechocin, Pomeranian Voivodeship

Ciechocin is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chojnice, within Chojnice County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) south-east of Chojnice and 104 km (65 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk. It is located within the historic region of Pomerania.
The village had a population of 521 in 2011.
Ciechocin was a royal village of the Polish Crown, administratively located in the Tuchola County in the Pomeranian Voivodeship.
# Solar Wind (album)

Solar Wind is an album by pianist Ramsey Lewis which was recorded in 1974 and released on the Columbia label. It was partly recorded in Memphis with former Stax producer and session guitarist Steve Cropper, a member of the Booker T and the MGs group.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Allmusic awarded the album 2 stars.

## Track listing

* "Sweet and Tender You" (Steve Cropper, Carl Marsh) - 5:47
* "Hummingbird" (Jim Seals, Dash Crofts) - 4:52
* "Solar Wind" (Cropper, Marsh) - 3:15
* "Jamaican Marketplace" (Cleveland Eaton, Ramsey Lewis) - 7:16
* "The Everywhere Calypso" (Sonny Rollins) - 2:59
* "Summer Breeze" (Seals, Crofts) - 4:51
* "Loves Me Like a Rock" (Paul Simon) - 4:30
* "Come Down in Time" (Elton John, Bernie Taupin) - 4:53
* "Love For a Day" (Cropper, Carl Marsh) - 4:56
* Recorded at Trans Maximus Inc. Recording Studios, Memphis (tracks 1, 7 & 9) and CBS Recording Studios, Chicago (tracks 2–6 & 8)

## Personnel

* Ramsey Lewis - keyboards, ARP and Moog
* Cleveland Eaton - bass, electric bass
* Morris Jennings - drums, percussion
* James L. Herson - Moog (tracks 2, 6 & 8)
* Calvin Barnes - percussion (tracks 4 & 5)
* Carl Marsh, Ron Capone - drums (track 3)
* Steve Cropper - guitar (tracks 1, 3, 7 & 9)
# Luigi de Amato

Luigi de Amato (died 1530) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of San Marco (1515–1530), Bishop of Lipari (1506–1515), and Bishop of Rapolla (1497–1506).

## Biography

On 12 September 1497, Luigi de Amato was appointed during the papacy of Pope Alexander VI as Bishop of Rapolla. On 19 September 1506, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Julius II as Bishop of Lipari. On 26 January 1515, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Leo X as Bishop of San Marco. He served as Bishop of San Marco until his death in 1530.
# Nebraska Correctional Center for Women

The Nebraska Correctional Center for Women (NCCW) is a state correctional facility for the Nebraska Department of Correctional Services. Located in Baker Precinct, York County, Nebraska, just west of York, it is the only secure state facility to house adult women.
Created by an act of the Nebraska State Legislature establishing the "State Reformatory for Women." The original facility opened in May 1920 and consisted of a two-story house that was used as an inmate and staff residence. The facility was a working dairy farm. The inmates assisted with the livestock. The current institution consists of 17 buildings on 27 acres (110,000 m$^2$) of land, secured by two security fences. NCCW houses all security classification levels of female inmates including those in its own Diagnostic and Evaluation Center (D&E) (All male new commitments are taken to the Nebraska Diagnostic and Evaluation Center located in Lincoln). The NCCW D&E houses all new commitments. The average stay of a new commitment in the NCCW D&E is 30 days. This allows the inmate time to adjust to the institution and to learn about the institution's programs, rules, and regulations. During the evaluation period staff develop a personalized classification plan for the inmate.
NCCW has been accredited by the American Correctional Association since 1981.
* Security Levels: NCCW houses all classifications levels of female inmates including new commitments, court-ordered evaluators, and safe-keepers from county facilities.
* Average Population: 281
* Number of Staff: 116
* Cost per Inmate per Year: $29,417.00

## Notable inmates

* Caril Ann Fugate, spree killer, paroled in 1976 after 18 years in the facility
* Shanna “Liz” Golyar, murdered Cari Farver in 2012.
# Entre Rios do Sul

Entre Rios do Sul is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. As of 2020, the estimated population was 2,758.
# Yaqoob Atif Bulbula

Yaqoob Atif Bulbula (died 13 May 2023) was a Pakistani singer and actor. "Zindagi paani da bulbula" was his most famous song released in October 1979. Abrar-ul-Haq recreated this song in movie Zinda Bhaag in 2013. He worked in radio, film and television. He was first Punjabi Rapper.

## TV

* Waris
* Andhera Ujala
* Aj di Kahani

## Films

* Pappu Lahoria
# Evens Joseph

Evens Joseph (born 16 July 1999) is a French professional footballer who plays as a forward for Championnat National 2 club Chantilly.

## Club career

On 22 November 2017, Joseph signed his first professional contract with Caen. Joseph made his professional debut for Caen in a 1-0 Ligue 1 loss to Monaco on 24 November 2018.
On 31 January 2020, Joseph signed on loan with Championnat National side Boulogne for the remainder of the 2019–20 season. He rejoined Boulogne for a second loan spell on 13 August 2020, for the 2020–21 season, with an option to buy.
On 4 February 2022, Joseph signed with Sète.

## Personal life

Born in metropolitan France, Joseph is of Martiniquais descent.
# Edward W. Curley

Edward Walter Curley (May 23, 1873 – January 6, 1940) was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from New York from 1935 to 1940.

## Biography

Curley was born in Easton, Pennsylvania. He attended the College of the City of New York.

### Political career

He was a member of the New York City Council from 1916 until 1935. He was elected to Congress in 1935 to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Anthony J. Griffin and served from November 5, 1935, until his death in New York City.
# Fats Everett

Robert Ashton "Fats" Everett (February 24, 1915 – January 26, 1969) was an American Democratic Congressman from Tennessee from February 1, 1958, until his death in 1969.

## Biography

Everett was a native of Obion County, Tennessee, being born on a farm near Union City. He was a 1936 graduate of Murray State College (now Murray State University).

## Career

Elected to the Obion County Court (now called County Commission) in 1936, Everett was then elected, in 1938 as Obion County Circuit Court Clerk. During World War II, he served in the United States Army from 1942 to 1945. After the war he was an administrative assistant to Senator Tom Stewart from 1945 to 1949, and to Governor Gordon Browning from 1950 to 1952. Afterwards, he became executive secretary of the Tennessee County Services Association.
In 1958, Everett entered the contest for the Eighth Congressional District seat of Jere Cooper, who had died in office. He won the special election and served the balance of Cooper's term and five subsequent terms, serving from February 1, 1958, until his death in the first month of his seventh term. Like the voters of his district, he was predominantly a conservative, largely reflecting the views of his party's Southern wing.

## Death

Everett died of pneumonia and flu complications at Veterans Hospital in Nashville, Tennessee on January 26, 1969. He is interred at East View Cemetery in Union City. There is a statue of him at the Obion County Courthouse in Union City, Tennessee.
# Bluebell, Utah

Bluebell is a census-designated place in eastern Duchesne County, Utah, United States, on the Uintah and Ouray Indian Reservation. The population as of the 2010 census was 293. It lies along local roads east of State Route 87, northeast of the city of Duchesne, the county seat of Duchesne County. Its elevation is 6,201 feet (1,890 m) above sea level. Although Bluebell is unincorporated, it has a post office, with the ZIP code of 84007.

## Climate

According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Bluebell has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.
# Tsvetan Krastev

Tsvetan Krastev (Bulgarian: Цветан Кръстев; born 3 December 1978) is a Bulgarian retired football defender and referee in Bulgarian A Group, B Group and Bulgarian Cup.

## Referee career

Since season 2010 he is a football referee in B Group. In 2011, he made his debut in A Group as Referee. He referred 2013 Bulgarian Cup Final. He retired on 18 April 2016 due to an injury.

## Football career

Krastev is youth player of Sokol Plovdiv. He has played for Litex Lovech, Spartak Varna, Botev Plovdiv and Rodopa Smolyan

## Career statistics
### Club

| Club | Season | Division | League | League | Bulgarian Cup | Bulgarian Cup | Europe | Europe | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Litex Lovech | 2000–01 | Premier Professional League | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 2 | 0 |
| Litex Lovech | 2001–02 | Premier Professional League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Spartak Varna (loan) | 2001–02 | Premier Professional League | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 1 | 0 |
| Litex Lovech | 2002–03 | Premier Professional League | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| Botev Plovdiv | 2003–04 | A Group | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 12 | 0 |
| Rodopa Smolyan | 2004–05 | A Group | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 8 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 30 | 0 |
# Chawpi Urqu (Yocalla)

Chawpi Urqu (Quechua chawpi central, middle, urqu mountain, "central mountain", also spelled Chaupi Orkho) is a mountain in the Bolivian Andes which reaches a height of approximately 4,440 m (14,570 ft). It is located in the Potosí Department, Tomás Frías Province, Yocalla Municipality. It lies northeast of Wichhu Qullu.
# Athletics at the 1995 Summer Universiade – Women's 100 metres hurdles

The women's 100 metres hurdles event at the 1995 Summer Universiade was held on 1–2 September at the Hakatanomori Athletic Stadium in Fukuoka, Japan.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Nicole Ramalalanirina Madagascar | Olena Ovcharova Ukraine | Svetlana Laukhova Russia |

## Results
### Heats

Qualification: First 2 of each heat (Q) and the next 2 fastest (q) qualified for the final.
Wind: Heat 1: +0.2 m/s, Heat 2: +0.8 m/s, Heat 3: -0.5 m/s
| Rank | Heat | Athlete | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 1 | Nicole Ramalalanirina | Madagascar | 12.92 | Q |
| 2 | 1 | Olena Ovcharova | Ukraine | 12.94 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | Taiwo Aladefa | Nigeria | 13.02 | Q |
| 4 | 3 | Ime Akpan | Nigeria | 13.15 | Q |
| 5 | 2 | Doris Williams | United States | 13.20 | Q |
| 6 | 1 | Vida Nsiah | Ghana | 13.28 | q |
| 7 | 2 | Svetlana Laukhova | Russia | 13.29 | q |
| 8 | 3 | Monifa Taylor | United States | 13.38 | Q |
| 9 | 2 | Sharon Jaklofsky | Netherlands | 13.39 | |
| 10 | 1 | Aldona Fogiel | Poland | 13.47 | |
| 11 | 1 | Bettina Stähli | Switzerland | 13.55 | |
| 12 | 1 | Masae Matsuura | Japan | 13.61 | |
| 13 | 3 | Martina Stoop | Switzerland | 13.68 | |
| 14 | 3 | Isabelle Correa | France | 13.72 | |
| 15 | 3 | Patrina Allen | Jamaica | 13.72 | |
| 16 | 3 | Sonia Paquette | Canada | 13.84 | |
| 17 | 1 | Carmen Bezanilla | Chile | 13.88 | |
| 18 | 2 | Seema Kamal | Canada | 13.91 | |
| 19 | 2 | Hsu Hsiu-Ying | Chinese Taipei | 13.92 | |
| 20 | 3 | Chan Sau Ying | Hong Kong | 13.96 | |
| 21 | 2 | Tomomi Asada | Japan | 14.07 | |
| 22 | 2 | Sandra Barreiro | Portugal | 14.30 | |
| 23 | 1 | Rowena Welford | New Zealand | 14.33 | |

### Final

Wind: +0.6 m/s
| Rank | Lane | Athlete | Nationality | Time |
| | 6 | Nicole Ramalalanirina | Madagascar | 13.02 |
| | 4 | Olena Ovcharova | Ukraine | 13.07 |
| | 7 | Svetlana Laukhova | Russia | 13.08 |
| 4 | 5 | Ime Akpan | Nigeria | 13.11 |
| 5 | 1 | Doris Williams | United States | 13.33 |
| 6 | 2 | Monifa Taylor | United States | 13.61 |
| 7 | 8 | Vida Nsiah | Ghana | 14.13 |
| | 8 | Taiwo Aladefa | Nigeria | DNF |
# Henry Cleary

Henry William Cleary OBE (15 January 1859 – 9 December 1929) was the sixth Roman Catholic Bishop of Auckland, from 1910 to 1929.

## Life

Henry Cleary was born in County Wexford, Ireland. He was educated at St. Aidan's Academy, Enniscorthy, St Peter's College, Wexford and St. Patrick's College, Maynooth. He attended the Roman Seminary and the seminary of St. Sulpice in Paris. Cleary was ordained in 1885.
From 1885 to 1888, Cleary was a professor of modern languages at St. Peter's, and a member of the Society of Volunteer Diocesan Missionaries of the Blessed Sacrament. In 1888, he went to Australia due to poor health, and from 1888 to 1897 was involved in parish work at Ballarat, Victoria. From 1898 to 1910, he served as the editor of the New Zealand Tablet.
Cleary was appointed Bishop of Auckland in 1910. He was very active in the Australian Catholic Truth Society, and in ministering to the Maori people in their own language. He was author of numerous pamphlets and brochures, and a contributor to various newspapers, periodicals, and the Catholic Encyclopedia.
In the 1919 King's Birthday Honours, Cleary was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire. He died in Auckland on 9 December 1929.

## Selected works

* Orange Society, Catholic Truth Society, London, 1899.
* Mrs. Slattery: the romance of sham nun , NZ Tablet, Dunedin, 1900.
* Joseph Slattery: the romance of an unfrocked priest, NZ Tablet, Dunedin, 1900.
* Catholic marriages: the decree of 2 August 1907: a popular explanation of the decree, the text of a controversy on the decree in the Christchurch "Press", 3 March to 2 April 1908 (with notes and comments) and, an exposition of the Catholic teaching in Dunedin, N.Z., N Z Tablet, 1908.
* Impeached nation: being a study of Irish outrages, NZ Tablet, Dunedin, 1909.
* God or no-God in the school?: a pastoral letter by … the Bishop of Auckland, a discussion thereon in the Evening Post, Wellington (N.Z.), and a critical examination of the discussion, Hiscocks & Sons, Auckland, 1911.
* Bible-in-schools- movement, in its relation to taxpayers, parents, teachers and pupils: a lecture / delivered in the Town Hall, Wellington Friday, 13 December 1912, Evening Post Office, Wellington, 1912.
* Prussian militarism at work: a letter, Barclay & Fry, London, 1917.
* 'The Month': a journal devoted to Catholic interests (Cleary was founding editor from 1918–29; journal ceased in 1934).
* Catholics and the marriage laws, Catholic Supplies, Wellington, 1920.
* Forged murder-"oaths": an exposure of impostures flung against the Catholic clergy and laity, in the New Zealand House of Representatives, on 26 June 1923, by Mr. V.H. Potter MP: a reprint of articles in "The Month" (Auckland, N.Z.) by the Rt. Rev, The Catholic Depot, Auckland, 1923.
* Catholic Church and party politics: Canon James's charge of votes-jobbery: letter to the Anglican Archbishop and Primate, Whitcombe & Tombs, Auckland, 1928.
# Allpaqani

Allpaqani (Aymara allpaqa a kind of llama, -ni a suffix to indicate ownership, "the one with the alpaca (or alpacas)", hispanicized spelling Alpacani) is a mountain in the eastern extensions of the Cordillera Real in the Andes of Bolivia, about 3,700 m (12,139 ft) high. It is situated in the La Paz Department, Sud Yungas Province, Irupana Municipality.
# James H. Sinclair

James Herbert Sinclair (October 9, 1871 – September 5, 1943) was a U.S. Republican politician.
He was born near St. Marys, Ontario, Canada and moved to Dakota Territory in 1883. He was elected to North Dakota's State House of Representatives between 1915 and 1919 and then as a Republican member of North Dakota's congressional delegation for 8 consecutive terms between 1919 and 1935.

## Sources

* United States Congress. "James H. Sinclair (id: S000442)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
U.S. House of Representatives :
| Preceded byPatrick D. Norton | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from North Dakota's 3rd congressional district 1919 – 1933 | Succeeded bynone (seat lost by reapportionment) |
| Preceded byThomas Hall (1st) and Olger B. Burtness (2nd) | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from North Dakota's at-large congressional district with William Lemke 1933 – 1935 | Succeeded byUsher L. Burdick |
* This article about a North Dakota politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
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# Cardamine digitata

Cardamine digitata (Richardson's bittercress; syn. Dentaria digitata Lam.), is an ornamental plant species in the family Brassicaceae, which is native of Alaska and Canada.
# Asplenium aethiopicum

Asplenium aethiopicum is a lithophytic or sometimes epiphytic species of fern found in Southern and tropical Africa, tropical America, Asia and Australia. It is listed as critically endangered in Victoria, Australia. It is considered exotic in New Zealand.

## Taxonomy

Asplenium aethiopicum was originally published under the name Trichomanes aethiopicum by Nicolaas Laurens Burman in 1768. In 1935 Alfred Becherer moved this taxon to the genus Asplenium creating the name Asplenium aethiopicum.
# 2023 Open de Limoges – Doubles

Cristina Bucșa and Yana Sizikova won the doubles title at the 2023 Open de Limoges, defeating Oksana Kalashnikova and Maia Lumsden in the final, 6–4, 6–1.
Kalashnikova and Marta Kostyuk were the reigning champions, but Kostyuk did not participate this year.

## Seeds

* Anna Danilina / Alexandra Panova (quarterfinals)
* Oksana Kalashnikova / Maia Lumsden (final)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | A Danilina A Panova | 6 | 2 | [7] | | | | | | | | |
| | A Dețiuc A Rus | 3 | 6 | [10] | | | | | | | | |
| | A Dețiuc A Rus | 3 | 6 | [10] | | A Dețiuc A Rus | 4 | 4 | | | | |
| | | | | | | C Bucșa Y Sizikova | 6 | 6 | | | | |
| | C Bucșa Y Sizikova | 4 | 6 | [10] | | C Bucșa Y Sizikova | 6 | 6 | | | | |
| | A Hesse K Mladenovic | 6 | 1 | [7] | | | | | | | | |
| | A Hesse K Mladenovic | 6 | 1 | [7] | | | | | | C Bucșa Y Sizikova | 6 | 6 |
| | | | | | | | | | 2 | O Kalashnikova M Lumsden | 4 | 1 |
| | O Nicholls B Schoofs | 6 | 5 | [5] | | | | | | | | | 2 | O Kalashnikova M Lumsden | 4 | 1 |
| | N Dzalamidze A Moratelli | 4 | 7 | [10] | | | | | | | | |
| | N Dzalamidze A Moratelli | 4 | 7 | [10] | | N Dzalamidze A Moratelli | 5 | 4 | | | | |
| | | | | | 2 | O Kalashnikova M Lumsden | 7 | 6 | | | | |
| WC | J Ponchet F Stollár | 4 | 4 | | 2 | O Kalashnikova M Lumsden | 7 | 6 | | | | |
| 2 | O Kalashnikova M Lumsden | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
# Institute of Actuaries of France

The Institute of Actuaries (French: Institut des Actuaires) is the association of actuaries in France. The Institute was created in 2001 by a merger of the Institute of Actuaries of France and the French Federation of Actuaries. The Institute is a full member of the International Actuarial Association and the Groupe Consultatif. As of 2012, it has about 3 000 full members. Current president of the Institute is Thomas Behar.
In France the education of future actuaries will be facilitated by the national education system. The actuarial profession in France, in itself, has no such responsibility any more. But accrediting the diplomas awarded to the future actuaries is the responsibility of the French actuarial profession. Note that, these diplomas which accredited by French have access to the actuarial body.