OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Concepticon

Concepticon is an open-source online lexical database of linguistic concept lists (word lists). It links concept labels (i.e., word list glosses) in concept lists (i.e., word lists) to concept sets (i.e., standardized word meanings).
It is part of the Cross-Linguistic Linked Data (CLLD) project, which is hosted by the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History in Jena, Germany. Version 1.0 was released in 2016.

## Concept

Concept lists in the Concepticon include:
* Swadesh list (100 items, 207 items, etc.)
* Swadesh–Yakhontov list
* Dolgopolsky list
* Leipzig–Jakarta list
* ASJP list
# David John Dodds

David John Dodds (1930–2021) was a British marathoner and jockey.

## Biography

David John Dodds was born in Sunderland, County Durham in 1930. In his late teens and early twenties (having trained as a fitter and turner, losing two of his fingers in the process) he became a well-known figure in local athletics before emigrating to Southern Rhodesia in 1954.
The following year he participated in the South African Marathon Championships and came second to Jan Barnard. Moreover, he ran in the gruelling Comrades Marathon, a 90 km (56 mi) event between the cities of Pietermaritzburg and Durban, and came fourth of 92 entrants. Dodds' time was 6 hours, 25 minutes and 15 seconds and he won the novices' trophy, an award given to the fastest first time entrant. Of the race he commented: "The downhills bothered me more than the uphills. My legs became so jarred that I thought I would not be able to finish."
Dodds later gave up athletics, having participated in the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, and became a successful amateur jockey. He won over 50 races, including the Rhodesian Grand National in 1965 when he rode Tempelhof, owned by Sir Henry Grattan-Bellew. In 1974 he returned to Sunderland, accompanied by his wife Natalie (née Crampton) and three sons. Later he divided his time between Sunderland and a residence near Alicante, Spain. Dodds died in Sunderland in 2021.
# Leif Otto Paulsen

Leif Otto Paulsen (born 13 January 1985) is a Norwegian football midfielder who is currently the playing coach of FK Vigør.
Paulsen played youth football for FK Vigør, then made his senior debut for IK Start in 2004, and his Norwegian Premier League debut in 2006. He was later loaned out to Mandalskameratene.
In the latter part of 2009 he was loaned to Bryne FK, and left Start afterwards. He instead became playing coach of FK Vigør.
# Bible Christian Church

The Bible Christian Church was a Methodist denomination founded by William O'Bryan, (born Bryant) a Wesleyan Methodist local preacher, on 18 October 1815 in North Cornwall. The first society, consisting of just 22 members, met at Lake Farm in Shebbear, Devon. Members of the Church were sometimes known as Bryanites, after their founder.
Although founded by O'Bryan, the family Thorne came to dominate the movement as the same autocratic behaviour by Bryant that led to his separation from the Weslyan Methodists also led to him losing the leadership of the Bible Christians to James Thorne. William Bryant was its first superintendent until 1828 when, following internal strife, he was replaced by William Mason, with James Thorne as Secretary. The name was changed to the popular Bible Christians. O'Bryan left in 1832 for America where he continued to preach but no further church was founded.

## Early history

Primarily concentrated in Cornwall and Devon, the church sent missionaries all over England. By 1820, missions had been established in the Channel Islands and in Kent. They were also strong in the Isle of Wight amongst farm labourers, largely due to the inspirational teachings of Mary Toms of Tintagel, Cornwall. The vicar of Brighstone, Samuel Wilberforce, urged that their influence be countered by having their adherents sacked from their jobs and turned out from their cottages, resulting in their sometimes meeting in a chalk pit. There are several chapels in rural areas of the Island which have the title "Bible Christian Chapel" over the doorway (e.g. Apse Heath, Arreton).
By 1831, ministers were being sent to Prince Edward Island and Ontario, and a mission was established in Canada in 1845. Many of the emigrants from Devon and Cornwall to Canada and the United States in the 1830s were 'Bible Christians', further encouraging the spread of the church in those countries.
Australia was a favourite destination for missionaries by 1850.
Other missionaries worked in New Zealand by 1878, and in China by 1885.
Members of the Bible Christian Church were sometimes known as Bryanites, after their founder. The church made extensive use of female preachers like Ann Freeman, and O'Bryan's wife Catherine.

## Later history

While being only a small denomination, the Bible Christians grew faster than the British population throughout their existence.
The Bible Christians recognised the ministry of women, calling them "Female Special Agents". A number of women appear on the stations – the places ministers were appointed to by the Bible Christian Conference. There were fewer than five of these women ministers in 1907, when the separate existence of the Bible Christians came to an end.
In 1907, the Bible Christian Church in England was amalgamated with the United Methodist Free Churches and the Methodist New Connexion, to form the United Methodist Church. In Canada, the Bible Christian Church had already been amalgamated, in 1884, into the Methodist Church of Canada, which later became part of the United Church of Canada. In Australia, it merged into the Methodist Church of Australasia on 1 January 1902.
# Sankt Florian am Inn

Sankt Florian am Inn is a municipality in the district of Schärding in the Austrian state of Upper Austria.

## Geography

Sankt Florian lies in the Innviertel. About 19 percent of the municipality is forest, and 64 percent is farmland.
# Circus (Eraserheads album)

Circus is the second studio album by the Philippine alternative rock band Eraserheads, released on November 4, 1994 through BMG Records (Pilipinas), Inc.
Circus received positive reviews upon its release. It eventually turned quintuple platinum with 200,000 copies sold. Its hit singles include "Kailan", "Magasin", "Alapaap" and "With a Smile".

## Music and lyrics

Eraserheads returned to the studio to record songs for Circus in 1994, recruiting their former college professor and friend Robin Rivera as producer. They contributed “Wating” to Ishmael Bernal's 1994 film of the same name as its theme song, with actress Carmina Villarroel on guest vocals. It was later released as a bonus track for the album's CD release.
The album's first single "Kailan" was originally written as part of the musical Manhid, directed by Auraeus Solito while the band studied at the University of the Philippines Diliman in 1991. A lounge version was also included in the album as a bonus track.
The album featured classic hits for the band such as "With a Smile", "Magasin", "Alapaap" and "Minsan". "Magasin" was based on a friend of Ely Buendia's who had dated actress Shirley Tesoro, who appeared in bomba films. "Alapaap" became a subject of controversy for its suggestive imagery, which Senator Tito Sotto saw as promoting drug use. The band responded with a letter to the senator stating that it was a misinterpretation and that the song was their "ode to freedom", not drug abuse.
Circus features punk elements found in tracks such as "Bato", "Insomya", and "Alkohol". "Sembreak" refers to semestral breaks common in Philippine secondary education. "Hey Jay" is about a homosexual named Jay that "manages to humanize gay men", even though Buendia later clarified in a 2012 Esquire article that "it's not strictly about that", continuing: "I also identified with those people who couldn’t express themselves freely."
Penned by Raimund Marasigan, "Wishing Wells" was rerecorded from Pop-U!, while "Butterscotch" is a song about religious hypocrites. The album also features a three-part series of filler tracks written by Marcus Adoro: "Punk Zappa", "No Royalty Album Filler No. 9" and "Prof. Banlaoi's Transcendental Medication After Every Six Months or Punk Zappa Three", poking fun at the Philippine alternative scene.

## Artwork

The album cover for Circus was created by visual artist Mark Justiniani. It is the first design to use the inverted letter E, invented by Karen Kunawicz, as a trademark for the band.

## Reissues

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
In 2008, BMG reissued Eraserheads’s back catalogue, including Circus.
In November 2019, Offshore Music and Sony Music Philippines released a 25th anniversary reissue of the album, which was digitally remastered by Buendia. After the band's reunion concert in 2022, it was re-released on streaming services to include 360-degree spatial sound. The album was also remastered by Bernie Grundman and released on vinyl in March 2023, limited to 3,500 copies.

## Personnel

Adapted from the liner notes.
# Milo Goodrich

Milo Goodrich (January 3, 1814 – April 15, 1881) was a United States Representative from New York. Born in East Homer, Cortland County, he moved with his parents to Cortlandville in 1816. He attended the South Cortland district school, Cortland Academy (in Homer) and Oberlin College in Ohio. He taught school in New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio, studied law, was admitted to the bar in Worcester, Massachusetts in 1840, and practiced for two years in Beloit, Wisconsin. He returned to New York and settled in Dryden in 1844. He was postmaster of Dryden from October 2, 1849 to June 25, 1853 and was a member of the New York Constitutional Convention in 1867 and 1868.
Goodrich was elected as a Republican to the Forty-second Congress, holding office from March 4, 1871 to March 3, 1873. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1872 to the Forty-third Congress, and resumed the practice of law. He moved to Auburn, New York in 1875 and continued the practice of law; he died there in 1881. Interment was in Green Hills Cemetery, Dryden.
He is the great-great-great-grandfather of U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan.
# Markus Karlsbakk

Markus Seehusen Karlsbakk (born 7 May 2000) is a Norwegian football player who plays as a central midfielder for Lillestrøm in Eliteserien.

## Career
### Aalesunds FK

He made his debut for Aalesunds on 8 July 2017 in a 3-0 loss against local rival Molde. On 23 November 2018 he signed his first professional contract with Aalesunds. On 14 March 2023 he signed an extension to his current contract which will keep him at Aalesunds until 2025.
# John Button (campaigner)

John Button (born 9 February 1944 in Liverpool, England) is a Western Australian man who was the victim of a significant miscarriage of justice. Button was wrongfully convicted of the manslaughter, by vehicle impact, of his girlfriend, Rosemary Anderson, in 1963. He was sentenced to 10 years in prison, and released in 1968. The conviction was quashed in 2002.

## Vindication

Several appeals to courts or for ministerial intervention were unsuccessful. In 1998, a Western Australian journalist, Estelle Blackburn, advanced the cause of Button's vindication through her book Broken Lives. Following the book's publication the case went before the courts again with Button represented by Tom Percy QC and Jonathan Davies both of whom worked pro bono on the case.
At the original trial the strongest evidence apart from Button's confession was that his 1962 Simca P60 Aronde sedan had damage consistent with an accident. Trevor Condron was the police officer who had examined John Button's Simca in 1963 but he had not been asked what could have caused the damage at the trial. He told the appeals court that while the car was damaged, the damage was not consistent with hitting a person and that three weeks before Anderson's death, Button had reported to police an accident with a Ford Prefect that had caused matching damage to that seen by Condron. This accident report had been known to police at the original trial but been discounted as irrelevant. The court also heard from Dr Neil Turner who had treated Anderson. He claimed that her injuries were not consistent with Button's vehicle. The world's leading pedestrian accident expert, American William "Rusty" Haight, was flown to Australia and testified that experiments with a biomedical human-form dummy, three Simca P60 sedans similar to that owned by John Button and a 1961/62 Holden EK sedan similar to the one serial killer Eric Edgar Cooke claimed he was driving when he hit Anderson, matched exactly Cooke's account and excluded the Simca.
Button self-published a book in 1998 titled Why Me Lord! which told of his ordeal.
On 25 February 2002, the Court of Criminal Appeal quashed Button's conviction after evidence from vehicle crash experts proved that Cooke was most likely the culprit. In a televised interview six months after Button's conviction was quashed, Rosemary Anderson's parents refused to embrace the finding and still maintained that Cooke did not kill their daughter and that Button was guilty. A conference between the Button, Anderson and Cooke families, Blackburn and her publisher Bret Christian organized by Australian Story changed their minds, although Mrs. Anderson maintained Button was still responsible as it was his role as her escort on the night to bring her home. Following a meeting with the W.A. Director of Public Prosecutions to discuss the court's findings, the Andersons accepted Button's innocence was proven.
Button now spearheads the Western Australian Innocence Project which aims to free the wrongfully convicted.
# Leslie R. Stevenson

Leslie Roy Stevenson (July 31, 1915 – November 24, 1981) was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

## Biography

Stevenson was born on July 31, 1915, in Marinette, Wisconsin. He attended Jordan College and the University of Wisconsin–Madison. During World War II, he served with the United States Army Corps of Engineers in the European Theater of Operations United States Army. He died on November 24, 1981.

## Political career

Stevenson was elected to the Assembly in 1965. Previously, he was president of the Marinette, Wisconsin City Council from 1958 to 1961. He was a Democrat.
# Szadzenie

Szadzenie (Polish:) is a regional phonological feature of the Polish language. It consists in replacement or merger of dental affricates /t͡s/, /d͡z/ ⟨c, dz⟩ and dental fricatives /s/, /z/ ⟨s, z⟩ into their retroflex counterparts i.e. retroflex affricates /t͡ʂ/, /d͡ʐ/ ⟨cz, dż⟩ and retroflex fricatives /ʂ/, /ʐ/ ⟨sz, ż/rz⟩, respectively. Szadzenie is caused by the hypercorrect avoidance of mazurzenie (mazuration) which is phonetically marked as rural and incorrect. This phenomenon is common in areas which border mazurating dialects, for instance the Suwałki Region.
Examples of attested words with szadzenie in Polish dialects noted in the Atlas of Polish Dialects (Atlas Gwar Polskich): proszo instead of proso ("millet, Panicum"), bydlęczy instead of bydlęcy ("bovine"), szmalec instead of smalec ("lard").
The word szadzenie is derived from Polish word sadzić, colloquially meaning "to bother", pronounced in the relevant dialects as [ˈʂad͡ʑit͡ɕ] instead of [ˈsad͡ʑit͡ɕ].
# Keto Dzhaparidze

Ketevana Konstantinovna Dzhaparidze (Georgian: ქეთევან კონსტანტინეს ასული ჯაფარიძე, Russian: Кэтевана Константиновна Джапаридзе; February 11, 1901, Kvishkheti, Kutais Governorate, Russian Empire – September 20, 1968, Tbilisi, Georgian SSR, USSR) was a Georgian Soviet singer. People's Artist of the Georgian SSR (1956).

## Biography

She went to study at the Tiflis noble gymnasium in 1909, where her powerful voice was noticed by the famous composer Zachary Paliashvili, who worked there as a music teacher and led the school choir.
In 1919, she entered the Tiflis Conservatory.
In 1927, after graduating from the conservatory, she went to Berlin, where she took singing lessons for 3 years. In 1930, she returned to the USSR (Georgia).
In the spring or summer of 1937, Keto made her debut in Moscow, she gave a solo concert on the stage of the Hermitage (Moscow theater of the revolution). Around the same time (in the spring of 1937), she made her debut in Leningrad at the theater of Recreation garden.
In 1939, she was invited to participate in the First all-Union competition of pop artists and received one of the prizes.
During the World War II, Keto had to change her repertoire and started performing patriotic songs. The singer gave many concerts in hospitals and on the front line.
In 1956, Dzhaparidze was awarded the title of People's Artist of the Georgian SSR.
Keto died on September 20, 1968, and was buried in the Didube Pantheon.
# Western Australian Speleological Group

The Western Australian Speleological Group (WASG) is a speleological group based in Nedlands, Western Australia. It was created in 1958 to promote speleology, scientific investigation, and the fostering and preservation of caves in Western Australia. As Western Australia's largest caving group, WASG continually arranges caving expeditions to undertake cave surveys, implement rehabilitation measures, and work to enable better access to caves. Earlier speleology in Western Australia had been done by the Western Australian Museum. Some published material identifies their parent organisation, the Australian Speleological Federation, rather than WASG, in their appraisals.

## Formation

In the early 1950's, several members of the Western Australian Naturalists Club, formed a group called the Western Australian Caving Group. The group was primarily formed to explore caves within Yanchep with emphasis on caving as a sport, although certain members were interested in speleology. The group later dissolved.
In early 1958, a few of the original members helped form a new group - the Western Australian Speleological Group, as part of the Naturalists Club, later affiliating with the Australian Speleological Federation in December.

## Publications

The organisation has a newsletter, the W.A.S.G. Informer, and a journal, The Western Caver. The journal, originally titled with reference to the Naturalists Club, was published quarterly until 1992, and has since been released annually.
# Mathias Rundgreen

Mathias Rundgreen (born 21 February 1991) is a Norwegian cross-country skier.
He competed in three events at the 2011 Junior World Championships, winning a gold medal in the relay. He later competed at the 2012, 2013 and 2014 Junior World Championships, all in the U23 age class, and took a bronze medal in the 2014 15 km.
He made his World Cup debut in March 2014 in the Holmenkollen 50 km race, collecting his first World Cup points in January 2015 with a 27th place in the Rybinsk 15 km. He broke the top 10 and 20 at the same time with a seventh place in the March 2015 Lahti sprint. He made the podium for the first time in February 2017 in PyeongChang, finishing third in the 15+15 km skiathlon.
He represents the sports club Byåsen IL.

## Cross-country skiing results

All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

### World Cup
#### Season standings

| Season | Age | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Ski Tour standings | Ski Tour standings | Ski Tour standings | Ski Tour standings |
| Season | Age | Overall | Distance | Sprint | Nordic Opening | Tour de Ski | World Cup Final | Ski Tour Canada |
| 2014 | 23 | NC | NC | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2015 | 24 | 72 | 56 | 48 | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 25 | 90 | 61 | 81 | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 26 | 54 | 34 | 57 | 40 | — | — | — |
| 2018 | 27 | NC | NC | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2019 | 28 | 74 | 56 | 70 | — | — | — | — |

#### Individual podiums

* 1 podium – (1 WC)
| No. | Season | Date | Location | Race | Level | Place |
| 1 | 2016–17 | 4 February 2017 | Pyeongchang, South Korea | 15 km + 15 km Skiathlon C/F | World Cup | 3rd |

#### Team podiums

* 1 victory – (1 RL)
* 2 podiums – (2 RL)
| No. | Season | Date | Location | Race | Level | Place | Teammates |
| 1 | 2015–16 | 6 December 2015 | Lillehammer, Norway | 4 × 7.5 km Relay C/F | World Cup | 2nd | Nyenget / Sveen / Krogh |
| 2 | 2015–16 | 24 January 2016 | Nové Město, Czech Republic | 4 × 7.5 km Relay C/F | World Cup | 1st | Røthe / Sundby / Krogh |
# Daniel Ceppi

Daniel Ceppi (3 April 1951 – 4 November 2024) was a Swiss comics artist. He was the author of the series Stéphane Clément, chroniques d'un voyageur [fr].

## Life and career

Born in Geneva on 3 April 1951, Ceppi was the great-great-great-grandson of the inventor Georges-Auguste Leschot [fr]. At the age of 16, he exhibited a stained glass window in Carouge. He attended the Centre de formation professionnelle arts de Genève [fr] and self-published a novel titled Le Guêpier about a traveller named Stéphane Clément. In 1977, he published the first album in the series. During the 1980s, he began publishing with Casterman, switching from his previous publisher, Les Humanoïdes Associés. At the same time, he began publishing his illustrations in the magazine Métal hurlant. He then published editions 4 through 7 of the Stéphane Clément series under the title Une Aventure de Stéphane from 1981 to 1985.
Ceppi returned to Les Humanoïdes Associés in 1991 and wrote of Stéphane Clément travels to Cameroon, the Philippines, and Indonesia. In 2009, the publisher released a full collection of his works in the original black and white. After a hiatus, he returned to comics in 2017 with the one-shot Lady of Shalott, which told a story about the world of art in Geneva. This edition brought Stéphane Clément together with others in CH Confidentiel.
Ceppi died on 4 November 2024, at the age of 73.

## Publications
### Stéphane Clément, chroniques d'un voyageur

* Le Guêpier (1977)
* À l'Est de Karakulak (1978)
* Le Repaire de Kolstov (1980)
* Les Routes de Bharata - La Malédiction de Surya (1983)
* L'Étreinte d'Howrah (1984)
* Captifs du chaos (1986)
* Pondicherry, filiation fatale (1995)
* Belfast, l'adieu aux larmes (1997)
* Vanina business (1999)
* L'Or bleu (2001)
* L'Engrenage turkmène (2010)
* Le Piège ouzbek (2012)

### Others

* L'Ombre de Jaïpur (1981)
* Croco & co (1986)
* La Nuit des clandestins (1992)
* Les Aventures de Natrix (1993)
* Corps diplomatique (1991)
* Nom de code (2006, 2007, 2008)
* Lady of Shalott (2017)
# Josep Carcoler

Josep Carcoler (1698–1776) was a Catalan composer. Some of his works are preserved in Latin American manuscripts.

## Works, editions, recordings

* Stabat Mater. With works by Francisco Valls, Tomàs Milans Zarzuela al Santísimo, Antonio Literes, Joan Rossell. Mapa Harmónico dir. Francesc Bonastre. Columna Musica 2005.
# Heterosphere

The heterosphere is the layer of an atmosphere where gases are separated out by molecular diffusion with increasing altitude such that lighter species become more abundant relative to heavier species. The heavier molecules and atoms tend to be present in the lower layers of the heterosphere while the lighter ones are present higher up. The exact boundaries between the different molecules vary according to temperature and solar activity. The heterosphere extends from the turbopause to the edge of a planet's atmosphere and lies directly above the homosphere.

## Earth's heterosphere

The heterosphere of Earth begins at about 100 km altitude and extends to the outer reaches of its atmosphere. It incorporates most of the thermosphere and all of the exosphere. The major constituents of Earth's heterosphere are nitrogen, oxygen, helium, and hydrogen. Nitrogen and oxygen compose the lower portion of the heterosphere. In the higher levels of the heterosphere, above about 1,000 km, helium and hydrogen are the dominant species present. The heterosphere also incorporates the ionosphere with ions present in the heterosphere's lower levels. These include O$^+$, NO$^+$, O$_2$$^+$, and N$_2$$^+$. Due to the diffused nature of the heterosphere's gases, its density at any given height is not entirely dependent on the temperature. Other factors contributing to density variations in the heterosphere include day and night cycles, solar activity, geomagnetic activity, and seasonal cycles. The heterosphere contains less than 0.001% of the Earth's atmosphere's total mass.