OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Synfire chain

A synfire chain (synchronous firing chain) is a feed-forward network of neurons with multiple layers or pools. In a synfire chain, neural impulses propagate synchronously back and forth from layer to layer. Each neuron in one layer feeds excitatory connections to neurons in the next, while each neuron in the receiving layer is excited by neurons in the previous layer.

## History

The term synfire chain was first used by Moshe Abeles in 1982, to account for the appearance of synchronous firing sequences with long inter-spike delays, which resisted explanation in terms of the known properties of cortical physiology. This structure, with every neuron in one pool exciting all neurons in the second pool, was suggested by Griffith as a structure that can guarantee a fixed level of activity in a network of excitatory neurons. He called this structure a “complete transmission line”. Griffith did not study its properties in any detail. A fairly similar idea in which synchronized reverberations among neuronal populations transfer information was suggested by Hebb in 1949.

## Activity

Activity along a synfire chain propagates in a synchronous or an asynchronous mode. In the asynchronous mode, an elevated firing rate in one pool will accumulate, and increase the firing rate in the next layer. In the synchronous mode, a volley of spikes in one layer will elicit a synchronous volley in the other, after one synaptic delay. It has been argued that the only stable mode of transmission is the synchronous mode.
# Akwan Information Technologies

Akwan Information Technologies was a search engine company based in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, cofounded by Nivio Ziviani. It was acquired by Google on July 20, 2005. It was Google's first acquisition in Brazil. Akwan had the University of Minas Gerais and the Brazilian Fund for Capital as partners. It became Google's research and development center for Latin America.
# Ultimate Dolly Parton

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Ultimate Dolly Parton is a compilation album by American country music artist Dolly Parton. It was released by RCA Nashville on June 3, 2003. The album peaked at number 10 on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart.

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Australia (ARIA) | Platinum | 70,000$^‡$ |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Platinum | 300,000$^*$ |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^‡$ |
| $^*$ Sales figures based on certification alone. $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Estonian History Museum

Estonian History Museum (Estonian: Eesti Ajaloomuuseum) is a museum about the history of Estonia in Tallinn. It was initially established by the pharmacist Johann Burchart, who ran the town hall pharmacy known as the Raeapteek.
Inaugurated in 1987, it picks up where its counterpart leaves off in the mid-nineteenth century to cover the political and social upheavals of the twentieth century. Its exhibits include historically dressed mannequins and recreations of domestic interiors. The 1940s and 1950s are represented by army uniforms and weapons. There is an original hut used by the Forest Brothers, the legendary partisans who fought against the Soviet occupation, and a replica of a desk used by a communist party secretary.
The museum has four locations: Maarjamäe Palace, the Great Guild hall, the Film Museum, and the Theatre and Music Museum.

## History

In 1802, Tallinn pharmacist Johann Burchard started a collection called Mon Faible (My Weakness). Its first item was an opium pipe from China. In 1822, Buchard hosted an exhibition in the House of the Brotherhood of the Blackheads.
In 1842, the Estonian Literary Society (German: Estländische Literärische Gesellschaft) and began collecting materials to form a museum. In 1864, the Provincial Museum of the Estonian Literature Society was founded at Canute Guild.
During the Soviet occupation of Estonia, the museum was nationalized, and its collections given to other museums. Unfortunately, some of its materials were destroyed.
In 1952, the museum moved to the Great Guild Hall. In 1989, it was renamed the Estonian History Museum.

## Maarjamäe Palace

In 1873, Count Anatoli Orlov-Davydov (1837–1905) purchased the plot of land Maarjamäe Palace sits on today from Christian Abraham Rotermann, who had built a steam mill and factories on the land. Orlov-Davydov named the land Marienberg, likely in honor of his wife Maria. Maarjamäe is the Estonian version of Maria.
Due to the 1917 Revolution in Russia, the Orlov-Davydovs leased out the manor. From 1933 to 1937, the manor hosted a restaurant and hotel opened. The manor was then purchased by the Estonian government who used it to house the Military Aviation School of the Republic of Estonia. The school closed when the Soviets began occupying Estonia, and in 1940, the Soviet Army took over the building.
In 1987, the History of Revolution Museum of the Estonian SSR opened in the manor. When Estonia regained independence in 1991, the museum was renovated and updated.
The Film Museum, established in 2006, moved to the palace's complex in 2017. The park has an exhibition of Soviet-era statues by Estonian artists, dating from the Soviet occupation.

## Buildings

* Entrance to Great Guild Hall in Tallinn old town
* Interior of Guild Hall
* Maarjamäe Palace (Orlov Castle) in Maarjamäe
* Niche in wall of Guild Hall
* Basement of Guild Hall
* Medieval Stokers' Room
# 2024 IIHF World Championship Group B

Group B was one of two groups of the 2024 IIHF World Championship. The four best-placed teams advanced to the playoff round, while the last placed team was relegated to Division I in 2025.

## Standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | OTW | OTL | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| 1 | Sweden | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 35 | 9 | +26 | 21 | Quarterfinals |
| 2 | United States | 7 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 37 | 16 | +21 | 16 | Quarterfinals |
| 3 | Germany | 7 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 34 | 24 | +10 | 15 | Quarterfinals |
| 4 | Slovakia | 7 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 26 | 23 | +3 | 12 | Quarterfinals |
| 5 | Latvia | 7 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 19 | 29 | −10 | 9 | Qualification for 2025 IIHF World Championship |
| 6 | Kazakhstan | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 12 | 31 | −19 | 6 | Qualification for 2025 IIHF World Championship |
| 7 | France | 7 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 13 | 26 | −13 | 4 | Qualification for 2025 IIHF World Championship |
| 8 | Poland | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 11 | 29 | −18 | 1 | Relegation to 2025 Division I A |

## Matches

All times are local (UTC+2).
# Nørre Åby Efterskole

Nørre Åby Efterskole is an efterskole located in Nørre Åby, Middelfart on Funen, Denmark.
The efterskole specializes in drama, music, animation, fitness, dance and soccer. It was founded by Olaf Nielsen, when Theodor Jensen left the school in 1886 and the schools attendance rose from 10 to 100 students. The dorms on the school mainly consist of two persons chambers. There is however a few three and four people dorms. Nørre Åby is the town most close to the efterskole.
55°27′17.49″N 9°53′20.5″E﻿ / ﻿55.4548583°N 9.889028°E﻿ / 55.4548583; 9.889028
# Akira Furuya

Akira Furuya (古谷 彰, Furuya Akira) is a Japanese anime art director.

## Projects

All credits are for art director unless otherwise noted.
* Atashin'chi
* Esper Mami
* Hamtaro (TV series and movies)
* High School! Kimengumi (TV series and movie)
* Hare Tokidoki Buta
* Oishinbo (episodes 27-28 were special selections of the 27th Galaxy Award)
* Ultraman USA
Sources:
# Jamia Shariyyah Malibagh, Dhaka

Jamia Shariyah Malibagh (Bengali: জামিয়া শারইয়্যাহ মালিবাগ Arabic: الجامعة الشرعية ماليباغ), also known as Jamia Shariyah Madrasa, is one of the established Qawmi jamiahs in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

## History

A musalli Golam Gouse donated his land to set up this mosque in 1956. Later they established a small Maktab and the name of the Maktab was "Furkqania Maktab". Day by day this Maktab improved as "Tahfizul Qur'an" and later as 'Kitab' faculty and in 1982 this institution started Daura Hadith (the highest certificate course of Madrasa education system), by the help of local people and endless labor of scholars and teachers. From the very beginning, the students of this Madrasa is doing repellent result including place in the board exam. To the light of board exam, this Jamiah is one of the best Madrasahs in Bangladesh.

## Departments and divisions

* Department of Ifta (Islamic Law)
* Masters/Daura Hadith
* Degree
* Higher secondary
* Secondary level
* Primary Level
* Tahfizul Quran
* Maktab
** Outdoor Maktab
** Residential Maktab

## Notable people

* Qazi Mu'tasim Billah (1933–2013), longtime principal
# Iyalode (title)

The Ìyálóde is a high-ranking female chieftain in most of the Yoruba traditional states. The title is currently within the gift of the obas, although Njoku asserted in 2002 that the process of choosing an Ìyálóde in pre-colonial Nigeria was less of a choice by the monarch, and more of the accomplishment and involvement of the woman to be so honoured in economic and political matters.

## History

Historically, therefore, the Ìyálóde did not only serve as a representative of women in the council, but also as a political and economic influencer in precolonial and colonial Nigeria.
Referred to in Yoruba mythology as Oba Obirin or "King of the Women", an Ìyálóde's views are normally considered in the decision-making process by the council of high chiefs. In 2017, Olatunji from Tai Solarin University of Education likened the role played by an Ìyálóde to that of modern day feminism. He went further by explaining that a 19th century Ìyálóde, Madam Tinubu, was one of the richest people in Yorubaland, and served as a major player in who became king in both Lagos - where she married an oba - and Egbaland - where she contributed to the war effort of her fellow Egbas.
Mosadomi opined that the influence of the Ìyálóde has never been limited to being just among the women, but transcends her official duties and includes the entire political, cultural and religious structure of the Yoruba people, citing Tinubu and Efunsetan Aniwura as obvious examples. Sofola (1991) corroborates this by stating that "No matter how powerful an Oba may be, he can never be an Ìyálóde". According to Professor Olasupo, the authority of the Ìyálóde title in modern Nigeria is not as extensive as it once was. An Alaafin of Oyo, Lamidi Adeyemi, identified cultural extinction caused by "modernity" as reasons for the development. He recalled that women had more important roles in the leadership circle of Yorubaland in the past. For example, Tinubu is reported to have wielded so much power that she stopped the Oba of Lagos from making Lagos a British colony for a period.
# Pitman School District

The Pitman School District is a comprehensive community public school district that serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade from Pitman, in Gloucester County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.
As of the 2022–23 school year, the district, comprised of five schools, had an enrollment of 1,147 students and 122.4 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 9.4:1.
The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "FG", the fourth-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.

## Reconfiguration

Due to a loss of state aid, the Board of Education announced in April 2023 a reconfiguration plan for the school district. Beginning with the 2023–2024 school year the Pitman Schools will be organized so that Memorial School serves grades PreK-1, Pitman Elementary School (housed at the former Pitman Middle School) will cover grades 2-6 and Pitman Junior/Senior High School will house students in grades 7–12.:
The students of W. C. K. Walls Elementary School and Elwood Kindle Elementary School voted on the new name for their school and selected Pitman Elementary School. This name was approved by the board of education and the school now holds around 500-600 kids.

## Schools

Schools in the district (with 2022–23 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are:

### Elementary schools

* Memorial Elementary School with 228 students in grades PreK–1
** Kiersten Miller, principal
* Pitman Elementary School with 413 students in grades 2–6
** Chris Morris, principal

### High school

* Pitman Junior / Senior High School with 487 students in grades 7–12
** Kristen Stewart, junior high school principal
** Cherie Lombardo, senior high school principal

## Administration

Core members of the district's administration are:
* Robert Preston, superintendent
* Robert Miles, business administrator and board secretary

## Board of education

The district's board of education, comprised of seven members, sets policy and oversees the fiscal and educational operation of the district through its administration. As a Type II school district, the board's trustees are elected directly by voters to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either two or three seats up for election each year held (since 2012) as part of the November general election. The board appoints a superintendent to oversee the district's day-to-day operations and a business administrator to supervise the business functions of the district.
# Keller's reagent

Keller's reagent can refer to two different reagents:
* Keller's reagent (metallurgy), used to etch aluminum alloys
* Keller's reagent (organic), used to detect alkaloids
# Ralph Hughes

Ralph Hughes may refer to:
* Ralph M. Hughes, American politician
* Ralph Phillip Hughes, American Christian minister
# Idzi Panic

Idzi Jan Panic (born 1952 in Wodzisław Śląski) is a Polish historian, professor at the University of Silesia. He is specializing in history of Cieszyn Silesia and medieval Poland.
He graduated from the University of Silesia in Katowice in 1976 and gained a Ph.D. from this university in 1980. In 1999 Panic gained the title of professor.
His articles were published in "Studia Historyczne", "Sobótka. Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny", "Pamiętnik Cieszyński" and "Těšínsko".

## Works

* Księstwo Cieszyńskie w średniowieczu. Studia z dziejów politycznych i społecznych (1988)
* Historia osadnictwa w księstwie opolskim we wczesnym średniowieczu (1992)
* Początki Węgier. Polityczne aspekty formowania się państwa i społeczeństwa węgierskiego w końcu IX i w pierwszej połowie X wieku (1995)
* Książę cieszyński Przemysław Noszak (* ok. 1332/1336 - + 1410) (1996) - political biography
* Ostatnie lata Wielkich Moraw (2000)
* Poczet Piastów i Piastówien cieszyńskich (2002)
* Żory w czasach Przemyślidów i Habsburgów. Z badań nad historią miasta w latach 1327-1742 (2002)
* Dzieje Górek Wielkich i Małych (2005)
* Studia z dziejów Skoczowa w czasach piastowskich (2005)
* Zachodniosłowiańska nazwa "Niemcy" w świetle źródeł średniowiecznych (2007)
* Dzieje Cieszyna od pradziejów do czasów współczesnych (2010) - editor
* Tajemnica Całunu (2010)
* Jak my ongiś godali: język mieszkańców Górnego Śląska od średniowiecza do połowy XIX wieku (2015)
* Język mieszkańców Śląska Cieszyńskiego od średniowiecza do połowy XIX wieku (2016)
* Cieszyn 1223-2023 w osiemsetlecie uzyskania praw miejskich. Uwagi na temat czasu i okoliczności lokacji miasta (2023)
# Mieczysław Mokrzycki

Mieczysław Mokrzycki (born 29 March 1961 in Majdan Lipowiecki) is a Polish-born Catholic prelate, currently serving as the archbishop of Lviv of the Latins in Ukraine.

## Early life and ordination

Mokrzycki completed primary school in Łukawiec and Cieszanów, and then studied at the State Agricultural Technical School in Oleszyce. After graduating from high school, he studied theology at the Catholic University of Lublin. He was ordained a priest on September 17, 1987 by Marian Jaworski, who was diocesan archbishop of Lviv at that time, based in Lubaczów. In 1991 Mokrzycki left for pastoral work in Ukraine. In 1996 he obtained a Doctorate of Sacred Theology from the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum. His dissertation was entitled "La formazione sacerdotale nell'arcidiocesi di Leopoli dei Latini alla luce dei recenti documenti dopo il Concilio Vaticano II (Priestly Formation in the Archdiocese of Lviv of the Latins in light of recent documents after Vatican II).".

## Career

On 16 July 2007 he was appointed coadjutor archbishop of Lviv, and consecrated on 29 September 2007 by Pope Benedict XVI as principal consecrator and Cardinals Tarcisio Bertone and Marian Jaworski as co-consecrators. He was one of six bishops consecrated on that day, and the first consecrated by Pope Benedict after his election as Pope. On 21 October 2008 he became Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lviv of the Latins (Ukraine) after the resignation of Cardinal Jaworski. On 29 September 2007 Archbishop Mokrzycki was honoured by Lech Kaczyński, the president of Poland, with the Officer's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta, for outstanding services to the Polish Church, working for the Poles in Ukraine. He received the pallium from Pope Benedict in June 2009 at a traditional Mass marking the feast of the Solemnity of the Holy Apostles Saints Peter and Paul.

## Criticism

* According to Religion in Ukraine, on 27 September 2011, in an interview with Polonia Radio abp. Mokrzycki, the head of the Ukrainian Roman Catholics, stated that "the Greek Catholic Church has simply seized our churches." This provoked an extremely negative reaction from both the Greek Catholic and Roman Catholic communities. However, he did not apologize or refute the statement.
* On 6 March 2013, Mokrzycki refused to sign a joint statement by the Catholic bishops of the Greek Catholic and Roman Catholic rites of Ukraine on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the Volyn tragedy, blaming the tragedy on Ukrainians. The archbishop noted that the formula "we apologize and ask for forgiveness" proposed by Ukrainian Greek Catholics is unacceptable. The Ukrainian side must "apologize and beg apologize" to the Poles, but not apologizing to the Poles.
# 1987 Lamar Cardinals football team

The 1987 Lamar Cardinals football team represented Lamar University in the 1987 NCAA Division I-AA football season as an NCAA Division I-AA independent. The Cardinals played their home games at Cardinal Stadium now named Provost Umphrey Stadium in Beaumont, Texas. Lamar finished the 1987 season with a 3–8 overall record. The season marked the first year competing as an independent. Lamar left the Southland Conference to join the non–football American South Conference as a charter member along with fellow former SLC members, Louisiana Tech and Arkansas State and three other universities.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 5 | at Rice | Rice StadiumHouston, TX | L 30–34 | 12,500 |
| September 12 | at Northern Illinois | Huskie StadiumDeKalb, IL | W 39–35 | 22,184 |
| September 19 | at Texas Tech | Jones StadiumLubbock, TX | L 14–43 | 27,795 |
| September 26 | Stephen F. Austin | Cardinal StadiumBeaumont, TX | W 28–26 | |
| October 3 | at No. T–3 (D-II) Texas A&I | Javelina StadiumKingsville, TX | L 14–43 | |
| October 10 | No. 2 Northeast Louisiana | Cardinal StadiumBeaumont, TX | W 48–28 | |
| October 17 | at UTEP | Sun BowlEl Paso, TX | L 14–38 | 49,481 |
| October 24 | Sam Houston State | Cardinal StadiumBeaumont, TX | L 21–34 | 7,014 |
| October 31 | Southwest Texas State | Bobcat StadiumSan Marcos, TX | L 19–27 | 9,160 |
| November 14 | No. 10 Arkansas State | Cardinal StadiumBeaumont, TX | L 20–34 | |
| November 21 | at McNeese State | Cardinal StadiumBeaumont, TX (rivalry) | L 36–44 | 3,259 |
| Rankings from AP Poll released prior to the game ||||||
# Kwabre East (Ghana parliament constituency)

Kwabre East is one of the constituencies represented in the Parliament of Ghana. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. Francisca Oteng-Mensah is the member of parliament for the constituency. She was elected on the ticket of the New Patriotic Party (NPP).

## list of Member of Parliament

| Election | Member | Party |
| 1996 | | |
| 2000 | | |
| 2004 | Kofi Frimpong | New Patriotic Party |
| 2008 | Kofi Frimpong | New Patriotic Party |
| 2012 | Kofi Frimpong | New Patriotic Party |
| 2016 | Francisca Oteng Mensah | New Patriotic Party |
| 2020 | Francisca Oteng Mensah | New Patriotic Party |
| 2024 | | |
# Stanisław Smoleń

Stanisław Wojciech Smoleń (born 22 October 1952, Limanowa) is a Polish career diplomat, ambassador to Iraq (2008–2012).

## Life

Stanisław Smoleń began his studies at the Poznań Academy of Economics and, in 1977, graduated from international relations at the Moscow State Institute of International Relations specializing in Hindi and Urdu languages. He has been studying also at the Kabul University (1979–1980), Polish Institute of International Affairs (1983). In 1990, he received his Ph.D. from Diplomatic Academy in Moscow.
At the end of the 1970s and in the 1980s posted to the Polish embassies in Kabul, Afghanistan and Islamabad, Pakistan. Since the 1990s, his area of focus has been Middle East affairs. He opened Polish diplomatic missions in Sanaa, Yemen and Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, serving as chargé d'affaires and deputy chief of mission. As the embassy in Yemen was additionally accredited to Djibouti, Eritrea and Ethiopia, he frequently traveled to these countries.
Between 2004 and 2005, in the rank of Ambassador, he completed a year-long assignment as Political Advisor to the Poland-led Commanding Generals of the Multinational Division Central-South in Iraq. Stationed at the Division Headquarters in Babylon and Dewaniya and operating under front-line conditions, he handled civilian aspects of the Division's activities. At the turn of 2006–2007, served as the Head of the Embassy in Baghdad. From October 2008 until August 2012 posted to Baghdad again initially as Chargé d’Affaires a. i. and, since 2010, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Poland to the Republic of Iraq. In August 2016 he returned to Baghdad to re-open the Embassy of the Republic of Poland, which had been suspended in September 2014 due to security reasons. He ended his post in 2018.
Over the past decades, he has held a variety of positions within the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, including Deputy Chief of the Task Team for Iraq and Chairman of the Advisory Committee for the Middle East and Africa. Representative of the Ministry at various international conferences.
Smoleń is married, with three children. Besides Polish, he speaks fluently English, German, Russian, and Hindi. He is also communicative in French, Persian, and Arabic.

## Honours

* Gold Cross of Merit (2005)
* Silver Medal of Merit for National Defence
# Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University

Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, formerly Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University, is a state university located at Venkataramannagudem, near Tadepalligudem in West Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh, India. It was established in 2007 by the Government of Andhra Pradesh and focuses on education and research of horticultural science.

## History

Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University was established in 2007 by the Government of Andhra Pradesh as the Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University, together with three colleges of horticulture, at Venkataramannagudem in West Godavari district, Mojerla in Mahaboob Nagar district and Anantharajupet in Kadapa district, as well as some educational programmes which were offered under Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University. It was originally managed by a government official until the appointment of the first Vice-Chancellor in 2008, when it became independent. It was renamed as Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University in 2011.