OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Al-Busayrah

Al-Busayrah (Arabic: الْبُصَيْرَة, romanized: al-Buṣayrah) is a town in eastern Syria, administratively part of the Deir ez-Zor Governorate. The town is located, at the confluence of the Euphrates and Khabur Rivers, southeast of Deir ez-Zor. Nearby localities include Muhassan to the northwest and al-Asharah, Mayadin and Hajin to the southeast. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Al-Busayrah had a population of 6,199 in the 2004 census. The town was known by its Latin name, Circesium, under the Roman Empire.
During the Syrian Civil War, the city was part of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant until the Syrian Democratic Forces captured it on 12 November 2017, bringing it under the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria. On 6 August 2024, Syrian Army Backed Tribal Forces claimed to have captured the city amid an announced offensive in the region.

## Climate

In Al-Busayrah, there is a desert climate. Most rain falls in the winter. The Köppen-Geiger climate classification is BWh. The average annual temperature in Al-Busayrah is 20.2 °C (68.4 °F). About 154 mm (6.06 in) of precipitation falls annually.
Climate data for Al-Busayrah :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 13.1 (55.6) | 15.9 (60.6) | 20.2 (68.4) | 25.9 (78.6) | 32.1 (89.8) | 37.6 (99.7) | 40.5 (104.9) | 40.4 (104.7) | 35.8 (96.4) | 29.7 (85.5) | 21.6 (70.9) | 14.9 (58.8) | 27.3 (81.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.7 (36.9) | 3.9 (39.0) | 7.0 (44.6) | 11.6 (52.9) | 16.7 (62.1) | 21.5 (70.7) | 24.4 (75.9) | 24.2 (75.6) | 19.5 (67.1) | 13.9 (57.0) | 7.7 (45.9) | 3.8 (38.8) | 13.1 (55.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 29 (1.1) | 24 (0.9) | 25 (1.0) | 22 (0.9) | 9 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.0) | 7 (0.3) | 12 (0.5) | 25 (1.0) | 154 (6.1) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org, Climate data ||||||||||||||
# Neil Arasmith

Neil Harvey Arasmith (February 23, 1930–September 26, 2010) was an American politician who served as a Republican in the Kansas State Senate from 1973 to 1989.

## Early life and education

He received a bachelor of arts from the University of Kansas in 1951. He served in the U.S. Air Force and was a second lieutenant. After serving in the air force, he then worked for Mason Investment Company in Salina.
# Yuriy Gorodnichenko

Yuriy Gorodnichenko (Ukrainian: Юрій Городніченко) is an economist and Quantedge Presidential professor at the University of California, Berkeley.
Gorodnichenko is also a visiting scholar at the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, a faculty research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research, a research fellow at the Institute for the Study of Labor., a leader of the Ukrainian initiative at CEPR, a member of the Scientific Advisory Council at the Kiel Institute for the World Economy. Gorodnichenko was the chair of the International Academic Board of the Kyiv School of Economics.
Gorodichenko is a coeditor of the American Economic Review. Previously, he was a coeditor of the Review of Economics and Statistics and Journal of Monetary Economics. Gorodnichenko also serves on the editorial board of Visnyk of the National Bank of Ukraine. Gorodnichenko is a cofounder of VoxUkraine. Gorodnichenko is a member of the executive committee of the Association for Comparative Economic Studies (ACES).
A significant part of his research has been about monetary policy (effects, optimal design, inflation targeting), fiscal policy (countercyclical policy, government spending multipliers), taxation (tax evasion, inequality), economic growth (long-run determinants, globalization, innovation, financial frictions), and business cycles. Gorodnichenko coauthored several proposals on the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine. His work was published in leading economics journals such as American Economic Review, Journal of Political Economy, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Econometrica, Review of Economic Studies, Journal of European Economic Association, and many others.
Gorodnichenko received awards for his teaching and research, including Sloan Research Fellowship, NSF CAREER award, World Junior Prize in Monetary Economics and Finance, Excellence Award in Global Economic Affairs, fellow of the Econometric Society, R.K. Cho Prize in Economics, and others. Gorodnichenko's research was funded by the National Science Foundation, Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, Smith Richardson Foundation, National Bureau of Economic Research, Social Security Administration, Google, and other agencies and firms.
RePEc ranks Gorodnichenko as the top young economist in the world.
# Marian Podziewski

Marian Tadeusz Podziewski (born September 8, 1955, in Gołdap) is a Polish local government official who served as the Voivode of Warmian–Masurian Voivodeship from 2007 to 2015.

## Biography

He graduated in management and marketing from the Faculty of Humanities of the Podlaska Academy in Siedlce and Postgraduate Studies in Law and Local Government at the Polish Academy of Sciences.
In 1979, he became the head of the department at the Municipal and Housing Management Enterprise in Gołdap. From 1986, he headed the District Action Center in the Provincial Committee of the United People's Party in Suwałki. He was a member of the United People's Party until the party was dissolved in 1990, then he joined the Polish People's Party. In the years 1998–2007, he served as deputy mayor of Gołdap. In the years 2002–2006 he was the chairman of the district board of the Volunteer Fire Department. In the parliamentary elections of 2005, 2007, 2011 and 2015 he ran for the Sejm from the PSL lists.
On 29 November 2007 he was appointed to the position of the Voivode of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. On 12 December 2011 Prime Minister Donald Tusk once again entrusted him with the function of governor. In December 2014 he decided not to take up the vacant mandate of MP. On 8 December 2015 he ended his term as governor. In September 2016, he became an advisor to the Marshal of the Warmian–Masurian Voivodeship, Gustaw Marek Brzezin, and in December 2017 he took up the position of deputy director of the Department of Culture of the Marshal's Office of the Warmian–Masurian Voivodeship, a position he held until July 2018. He then became director of the Natural Medicine Institute of the municipal company Przedsiębiorstwo Wodociągów i Kanalizacji in Gołdap.
In the 2018 local elections, he won the mandate of a councilor of the Gołdap County from the electoral list of the Nasza Gołdap Electoral Committee. In October 2019, he resigned from his mandate as a councilor of the district. This happened shortly after, according to media reports, he allegedly hit a tree with his car while driving under the influence.
# Joseph Falzone

Joseph A. Falzone (March 23, 1900 - March 1, 1984) was an American Republican politician and lawyer who has served in the Missouri General Assembly. He was first elected to the Missouri House of Representatives in 1934 and first elected to the Missouri Senate in 1940.
Born in St. Louis, Missouri, Falzone was educated at University City public schools and Saint Louis University. He was admitted to the bar in 1924 and practiced law in Clayton, Missouri. During World War I, he served with 52nd Aero Squadron.
In 1943, Falzone along with Martyl Langsdorf, wife of Alexander Langsdorf Jr., introduced a bill which was enacted by the Missouri State Legislature calling upon President Roosevelt, Secretary of State Hull, and the United States Congress to use their influence with the United Nations to secure the establishment of a Jewish Commonwealth in Palestine as part of a peace settlement.
In 1945, Senator Falzone was charged by a special panel of senators with soliciting a $1,500 bribe. Proceedings were initiated for Falzone to be expelled from the senate with his trial beginning October 29, 1945, but he decided to resign from the legislature on November 1, 1945.
# Karthik Raman

Karthik Raman (born 7 April 1997) is an Indian cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Andhra in the 2016–17 Ranji Trophy on 27 October 2016.
# John M. Quinlan

John Michael "Jack" Quinlan was an American politician who served as a member of the Massachusetts Senate from 1965 to 1975.

## Early life

Quinlan was born on July 11, 1935, in Natick, Massachusetts. He attended public school in Dover, Massachusetts, and Sacred Heart School. He graduated from Harvard College in 1957 and taught at Franklin High School for four years.

## Political career
### State senate

Quinlan began his political career as an assistant to U.S. Senator Leverett Saltonstall. In 1964 he was elected to the Massachusetts Senate. During his tenure in the Senate, Quinlan filed a number of pieces of unsuccessful legislation related to campaign finance reform.
In 1968, Quinlan served as the state chairman for United Citizens for Nixon-Agnew.
Quinlan also led a number of petition drives, including one that led to the joint election of the Governor and Lieutenant Governor and 4-year terms for statewide officers.

### Campaigns for higher office

In 1970, Quinlan ran for the Republican nomination for Lieutenant Governor. His candidacy was not supported by Governor Francis W. Sargent, who instead endorsed Martin Linsky, followed by Donald R. Dwight, who entered the race after Linsky dropped out. Dwight won the convention nomination and Quinlan dropped out and endorsed the Sargent-Dwight ticket.
In 1972, Quinlan ran for the United States House of Representatives seat in the Massachusetts's 9th congressional district held by Louise Day Hicks. He was favored to win the primary, but dropped out of the race, with his disenchantment with the state Republican party and the unattractive situation of having Richard Nixon on the top of the GOP ticket given as reasons for Quinlan not seeing the campaign as worthwhile.
In 1974, Quinlan was the Republican nominee for Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. He lost to Democrat Paul Guzzi 64% to 36%.

### Post-legislative career

After leaving the state senate, Quinlan served as an aide to United States Secretary of Health and Human Services Margaret Heckler, was campaign director for Jim Rappaport's campaign for the United States Senate in 1990, and was a spokesperson for the Central Artery/Tunnel Project (better known as the Big Dig) from 1991 to 2007.
# Sampson H. Butler

Sampson Hale Butler (January 3, 1803 – March 16, 1848) was a U.S. Representative from South Carolina.
Born near Ninety Six, Edgefield District, South Carolina, Butler attended the country schools and South Carolina College (now the University of South Carolina) at Columbia. He studied law. He was admitted to the bar in 1825 and commenced practice in Edgefield, South Carolina.
He moved to Barnwell, South Carolina, and continued the practice of law. Sheriff of Barnwell County 1832–1839, he then served as member of the State house of representatives from 1832 to 1835.
Butler was elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh Congresses and served from March 4, 1839, until September 27, 1842, when he resigned.
He resumed the practice of law. He moved to Florida and died in Tallahassee, Florida, March 16, 1848. He was interred in a cemetery in that city.

## Sources

* United States Congress. "Sampson H. Butler (id: B001189)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
U.S. House of Representatives :
| Preceded byFranklin H. Elmore | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from South Carolina's 4th congressional district 1839–1842 | Succeeded bySamuel W. Trotti |
# Manao Temple

Manao Temple (simplified Chinese: 玛瑙寺; traditional Chinese: 瑪瑙寺; pinyin: Mǎnǎo Sì; lit. 'Temple of Agate') is a former Buddhist temple located in Xihu District of Hangzhou, Zhejiang.

## History

Manao Temple was first established in 946, during the Later Jin dynasty (936–947). In 1065, it was officially called "Manao Temple". It was named for its location in the Manao Slope (Chinese: 玛瑙坡). In 1152, in the Southern Song dynasty (1127–1279), the temple relocated to the current location. During the region of Qianlong Emperor (1736–1795) of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), he visited the temple three times. Manao Temple was restored in the Tongzhi period (1862–1874).
In 1926-27, Taiwanese historian Lian Heng lived here. In December 2008, it was used as the Lian Heng Memorial Museum. It is no longer used as a religious building.

## Architecture

The present temple was completed in 1921 by abbot Qingjie (Chinese: 清杰). Along the central axis of the temple stand three buildings including the Shanmen, Mahavira Hall and Rear Hall. Subsidiary structures were built on both sides of the central axis including wing-room, dining room and bedroom.

## Gallery

* Wing-room.
* Site of the Mahavira Hall.
* Site of the Mahavira Hall.
# List of military actions for which a Victoria Cross was awarded

This is a list of military actions which led to one or more of the combatants being awarded a Victoria Cross.
* 1898 Occupation of Crete
* Battle of Abu Klea
* Action of Elouges
* Andaman Islands Expedition
* Battle of Balaclava
* Battle of Arnhem
* Battle of Elandslaagte
* Battle of Guillemont
* Battle of Hill 70
* Battle of Hlobane
* Battle of Intombe
* Battle of Jutland
* Battle of Khaz Oruzgan
* Battle of Khushab
* Battle of Laing's Nek
* Battle of Morval
* Battle of Neuve Chapelle
* Battle of Peiwar Kotal
* Battle of Rorke's Drift
* Battle of the Ancre Heights
* Battle of the Canal du Nord
* Battle of the Imjin River
* Battle of the Scarpe (1918)
* Battle of Bau
* Battle of Bergendal
* Channel Dash
* Chitral Expedition
* Second Battle of Colenso (Colenso)
* Battle of Crete
* Operation Crusader
* Siege of Delhi
* Battle of Delville Wood
* Dieppe Raid
* First Battle of El Alamein
* First Mohmand Campaign
* Battle of Gazala
* Gold Beach
* Battle of Goose Green
* Battle of Hill 170
* Battle of Imphal
* Battle of Inkerman
* Battle of Isandlwana
* Battle of Kohima
* Relief of Ladysmith
* Battle of Le Cateau
* Battle of Leliefontein
* Siege of Lucknow
* Battle of Magdala
* Battle of Magersfontein
* Battle of Maiwand
* Manipur Expedition
* Battle of Mount Longdon
* Namsos Campaign
* Battles of Narvik
* Action at Néry
* Battle of Omdurman
* Operation Chastise
* Operation Struggle
* Second Ostend Raid
* Battle of Paardeberg
* Perak War
* Battle of Ratsua
* Samarrah Offensive
* Battle of Sattelberg
* Second Battle of Heligoland Bight
* Shah Wali Kot Offensive
* Operation Shingle
* Siege of Mafeking
* Siege of Malakand
* Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855)
* Operation Source
* St Nazaire Raid
* Battle of Tamai
* Battle of Tel el-Kebir
* Battle of the Tugela Heights
* Umbeyla Campaign
* War of the Golden Stool
* Zeebrugge Raid
# Fernand Mousseau

Lieutenant-colonel Fernand Mousseau, CD was an officer of the Canadian Army made famous in military circles for his participation in the liberation of Paris. During the Allied invasion of Normandy, Mousseau was one of the few Canadians to participate in the liberation of Paris in August 1944. He was also a prominent businessman in his community and a notable civil servant. Mousseau was awarded the French Legion of Honour in 2006 for his involvement in the liberation of Paris.

## Military career

While studying at the University of Ottawa, Fernand Mousseau, from Hull enrolled in the Officer Training Corps in 1940 and was transferred to Le Régiment de Hull. He was promoted to Lieutenant at the Brockville training camp for officers and was transferred to the Officer Candidate School in Saint-Jérôme, Quebec. In 1942, Mousseau joined the Montreal unit, Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal, in order to help bring the decimated unit back up to strength following the disastrous Dieppe Raid.
Mousseau quickly climbed the ranks to major. In 1944, he was one of the Army's youngest majors at age 23. In July 1944, Mousseau was injured during an attack in Beauvoir-Trotteval and was captured in Caen by the German Wehrmacht. Mousseau was taken to Paris, where he was treated at Hôpital de la Pitié. With the assistance of a network of nurses associated with the resistance, Mousseau escaped from the hospital and joined the French Resistance. Given his military experience and quick wits, Mousseau was put in command of a resistance cell in the heart of Paris, headquartered at the local police prefecture. During that time, he participated in a number of raids against the enemy in order to disrupt traffic into Paris in view of the liberation of Paris. When the Allies moved into Paris, Mousseau returned to England and rejoined his unit in Belgium. Returning to duty as a company commander, Mousseau commanded the Fusiliers Mont-Royal contingent that occupied Berlin in 1945. In October 1945, he returned to Montreal and served as deputy Commanding Officer to the Fusiliers Mont Royal. For his actions in France, Mousseau was awarded the Croix de Guerre avec étoile d'argent.

## Post-war

The war over, Mousseau returned to his home town and his home unit, Le Régiment de Hull. He completed his studies in accounting and became the general manager for a construction firm. In the years that followed, Mousseau was a successful civil servant and served in a number of senior appointments. In 1948, Fernand Mousseau was promoted to Lieutenant-colonel and took command of Le Régiment de Hull until 1952. He then went on to serve as Honorary Colonel to Le Fusiliers Mont-Royal.
In 2006, he was inducted into the French Legion of Honour (Légion d'honneur) as a Knight.

## Death

Mousseau died in Gatineau, on April 26, 2010, from Alzheimer's disease. Colonel Mousseau was accorded a full military funeral and was carried by members of Le Régiment de Hull and les Fusiliers Mont-Royal.
# Christian Rosenmeier

Christian "C." Rosenmeier (1874–June 3, 1932) was a Danish-American lawyer and Minnesota State Senator from 1923 until his death in 1932. He was responsible for legislation that created Charles A. Lindbergh State Park and Camp Ripley.

## Early life and career

Rosenmeier was born in Denmark sometime in 1874. When he was 14, he emigrated to the United States with his father. They settled in Kandiyohi County, Minnesota. He worked on the family farm until he was 21, helping to earn enough money to bring his mother and sister over from Denmark. During the winter months, he attended Willmar Academy. He passed the county school teacher exam in 1895, and subsequently taught in various rural schools for several years. He graduated from Mankato Normal School in 1901 and became principal of the school in Dundee.
Rosenmeier made a decision to switch from a teaching career to a legal career and graduated from University of Minnesota Law School in 1906, as class president. Following his graduation, he moved to Royalton to practice law and founded the Rosenmeier Law Office in 1911. He relocated to Little Falls around 1914 following his election as Morrison County Attorney, a role he served for six years before he was elected to the Minnesota Senate for the 53rd district (encompassing Morrison and Crow Wing counties). The same year of his election, 1923, he was listed as president, trust officer, and director of the American Savings Trust Company of Little Falls. During his time as senator, he served as chairman of the Rules Committee and became majority leader of the Conservative caucus, a title he avoided using. He served in the Senate until his death.

## Personal life

Rosenmeier married primary school teacher Linda Bakken in August 1906. They had three children: Gordon, Margaret, and Donald. Gordon would go on to be a lawyer and would serve in his father's Senate seat. The family lived in the historic Burton-Rosenmeier House in Little Falls after purchasing the house from lumberman Barney Burton in 1921. Rosenmeier was an Episcopalian and was also active in the Shriners and the Elks.

### Death

Rosenmeier died on June 3, 1932, following months of heart, kidney, and blood illness. His wife and children were at his side when he passed. His funeral was held two days later at Church of Our Savior in Little Falls.
# Vijay Dandekar

Vijay Dandekar (born 28 September 1933) is an Indian cricketer. He played in twenty-four first-class matches for Uttar Pradesh from 1955/56 to 1967/68.
# Newt Male

Walter Newton "Newt" Male Jr. (June 8, 1933–April 20, 2003) was an American politician who served as a Republican member of the Kansas House of Representatives from 1973 to 1974. He represented the 77th District and lived in Augusta, Kansas. He was succeeded by fellow Republican Bob Whittaker.
# Phyllodesmium hyalinum

Phyllodesmium hyalinum is a species of sea slug, an aeolid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Myrrhinidae.
Phyllodesmium hyalinum is the type species of the genus Phyllodesmium.

## Distribution

This species was described from the Red Sea. The distribution of Phyllodesmium hyalinum includes Tanzania, Australia, Japan, Philippines and the Marshall Islands.

## Description

The length of this sea slug is up to 45 mm. It is a pale pink-blue, mottled species, with loosely spaced cerata. This species contains zooxanthellae.

## Ecology

The habitat of Phyllodesmium hyalinum is among shallow coral reefs with Xenia octocorals. It feeds on Xenia, Xenia umbellata and Heteroxenia fuscescens. This species is more frequently recorded as an incidental to research carried out on its prey species, the alcyonarians Xenia and Heteroxenia. It is camouflaged by the similarity of its cerata to the tentacles of these corals and hides in burrows made in the fleshy base of the Xenia.
# Elk Bend, Idaho

Elk Bend is an unincorporated community in Lemhi County, Idaho.
Elk Bend was originally established in the mid-1960s as a collection of real estate development projects. These projects were named the Salmon River Estates (Unit 1 and 2), with Salmon Meadows and its annex added later. While land was purchased and held on to for years, most development of the community didn't occur until the early 2000s, when residents who had previously bought land in the area reached retirement age and built houses and manufactured homes to retire to.
Elk Bend is loosely organized around its local volunteer fire department, and as such, locals use their designated fire unit numbers over the real estate development codes for their communities. Unit 1 and 2 share the same areas and names as their real estate designations, but Salmon Meadows Annex and Salmon Meadows are designated Units 3 and 4 respectively.
In local commercial development, Elk Bend has a local RV park/store, and The Dusty Mule Bar in Unit 1. Each real estate unit is also served by separate water and sewage facilities, with different rules and organizations around each of them (for instance, using those services in Unit 2 makes you a collective shareholder in the company, Unit 1 is privately owned, and Units 3 and 4 provide seasonal rates). The rest of the community needs are filled through Salmon to the north, or Challis to the south.
Elk Bend is also credited as being the home of Dugout Dick, who had built a series of dugouts in caverns which he had hand carved himself throughout his life. The dugouts have since been collapsed and closed since his death, but his old cabin alongside where the dugouts used to exist has since been turned into a tourism site.
US 93 serves the community, connecting it with Salmon located 21 miles to the north and Challis located 38 miles to the south. Goldbug Hot Springs is located near Elk Bend.