OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cyathocrinitidae

Cyathocrinitidae is an extinct family of crinoids belonging to the order Cladida.
These stationary intermediate-level epifaunal suspension feeders lived from the Silurian to the Permian periods (436.0 - 254.0 Ma).

## Genera

* Cyathocrinites
* Cyathocrinus
* Gissocrinus
* Ichthyocrinus
* Meniscocrinus
* Occiducrinus
# Indragiri River

The Indragiri River is a river in Sumatra, in the Indonesian province of Riau, about 800 km northwest of the capital Jakarta. Formed by the union of the Ombilin River and the Sinamar River, the Indragiri empties into the Strait of Malacca. The middle part that flows in the Kuantan Singingi Regency is called Batang Kuantan (Kuantan River).

## Geography

The river flows in the eastern area of Sumatra with predominantly tropical rainforest climate (designated as Af in the Köppen-Geiger climate classification). The annual average temperature in the area is 23 °C. The warmest month is February, when the average temperature is around 24 °C, and the coldest is August, at 22 °C. The average annual rainfall is 2757 mm. The wettest month is November, with an average of 345 mm rainfall, and the driest is January, with 107 mm rainfall.
# Hussein Naeem

Hussain Hassan Naeem (Arabic: حسين حسن نعيم; 19 March 1987 – 13 June 2007) was a Lebanese footballer who played as a forward. He was killed by a car bomb, alongside other victims, in an assassination attempt on Lebanese politician Walid Eido.

## Career

Naeem joined the Nejmeh youth team on 2 November 2001, playing for the first team from 2006 until his death in 2007.

## Death

On 13 June 2007, Naeem died from the same car bomb which killed politician Walid Eido and teammate Hussein Dokmak outside the Rafic El-Hariri Stadium.
# Krastudy

Krastudy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mikołajki Pomorskie, within Sztum County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.
For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Krosewo

Krosewo is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Lipusz, within Kościerzyna County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south of Lipusz, 16 km (10 mi) south-west of Kościerzyna, and 66 km (41 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Krzeszna

Krzeszna is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stężyca, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) east of Stężyca, 14 km (9 mi) south-west of Kartuzy, and 39 km (24 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Królewski Bukowiec

Królewski Bukowiec (Polish pronunciation:) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zblewo, within Starogard County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) north-east of Zblewo, 9 km (6 mi) north-west of Starogard Gdański, and 41 km (25 mi) south of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Whiskey Bent and Hell Bound (song)

"Whiskey Bent and Hell Bound" is a song written and recorded by American musician Hank Williams Jr. It was released in September 1979 as the first single and title track from his album of the same name. It peaked at number 2 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles chart and reached number-one on the Canadian RPM Country Tracks chart.

## Background

Hank wrote the song while hanging out with the Allman Brothers. Hank came up with the opening lines after Dickey Betts asked him how he writes country songs, Hank replied with "Well I got a good woman at home." the rest was allegedly written in 10 minutes

## Cover versions

Country music singer Tim McGraw covered the song for the television special CMT Giants: Hank Williams Jr.

## Chart performance

| Chart (1979) | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 2 |
| Canadian RPM Country Tracks | 1 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,000,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Kępa, Pomeranian Voivodeship

Kępa is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Kartuzy, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) north-west of Kartuzy and 36 km (22 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Kępice

Kępice (Kashubian: Kãpice, or Hômer; German: Hammermühle) is a town and seat of Gmina Kępice in Słupsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It has 3,646 inhabitants and is 6.11 square kilometres (2.36 sq mi) in size.

## History

During World War II, the Germans operated two forced labour subcamps of the Stalag II-B prisoner-of-war camp for Allied POWs.
Kępice was granted town rights in 1967.
# Kępiny Małe

Kępiny Małe is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowy Dwór Gdański, within Nowy Dwór Gdański County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) east of Nowy Dwór Gdański and 45 km (28 mi) east of the regional capital Gdańsk.
# Kętrzyno

Kętrzyno is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Linia, within Wejherowo County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north of Linia, 24 km (15 mi) south-west of Wejherowo, and 47 km (29 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Kłosowo, Kartuzy County

Kłosowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przodkowo, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north of Przodkowo, 12 km (7 mi) north-east of Kartuzy, and 23 km (14 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Kłosy

Kłosy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czarna Dąbrówka, within Bytów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south-east of Czarna Dąbrówka, 24 km (15 mi) north-east of Bytów, and 64 km (40 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
# Laska, Chojnice County

Laska is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Brusy, within Chojnice County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) north-west of Brusy, 26 km (16 mi) north of Chojnice, and 87 km (54 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Laskowicki Tartak

Laskowicki Tartak is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Prabuty, within Kwidzyn County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north-west of Prabuty, 14 km (9 mi) north-east of Kwidzyn, and 71 km (44 mi) south-east of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Leszczynki, Pomeranian Voivodeship

Leszczynki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sierakowice, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south-east of Sierakowice, 18 km (11 mi) west of Kartuzy, and 46 km (29 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Letniki, Pomeranian Voivodeship

Letniki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stare Pole, within Malbork County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north of Stare Pole, 13 km (8 mi) north-east of Malbork, and 48 km (30 mi) south-east of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Pierre Sang Boyer

Pierre Sang Boyer is a South-Korean born French chef. In 2011, he was a finalist at the French version of Top Chef.

## Early life and education

Born in Seoul, Pierre Sang Boyer was adopted at the age of seven by a French couple and grew up in Lantriac in the department of Haute-Loire.

## Career

Pierre Sang Boyer participated in 2011 at the second season of the French version of Top Chef and ended finalist. He opened his own restaurant in the 11th arrondissement of Paris in the popular quarter of Oberkampf, a neo-bistrot named Pierre Sang in Oberkamp. With two Korean chefs, he proposes a market cuisine with Asian products.

### Pierre Sang in Oberkampf

It is the first restaurant to have opened in 2012, after the participation of Pierre Sang in Top Chef in 2011. It advocates local food using season products and attaches a lot of importance to their origins.

### Pierre Sang on Gambey

It is the second restaurant that opened in 2014, and is located rue Gambey, at a few metres of the first one. This restaurant is of a higher range.
# Singapore at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics

Singapore is scheduled to compete at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics in Gangwon, South Korea, from January 19 to February 1, 2024. This will be Singapore's second appearance at the Winter Youth Olympic Games, having competed debuted at the previous edition in 2020.
The Singaporean team consisted of two athletes (one per gender) competing in short track speed skating. Short track speed skaters Ryo Ong and Amelia Chua were the country's flagbearers during the opening ceremony.

## Competitors

The following is the list of number of competitors (per gender) participating at the games per sport/discipline.
| Sport | Men | Women | Total |
| Short track speed skating | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Total | 1 | 1 | 2 |

## Short track speed skating

Singapore qualified two short track speed skaters (one per gender). Originally Singapore earned one quota, but was later awarded an additional quota as part of the reallocation of unused quota spots process. Singapore's best result was a 13th place finish by Ryo Ong, in the men's 1500 metres event. This marked the first time an athlete from Singapore advanced to the semifinals of an event at the Winter Youth Olympics.
| Athlete | Event | Heats | Heats | Quarterfinal | Quarterfinal | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Ryo Ong | Men's 500 m | 44.938 | 4 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Ryo Ong | Men's 1000 m | 1:37.674 | 3 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Ryo Ong | Men's 1500 m | — | — | 2:25.282 | 3 Q | 2:38.401 | 3 FB | 2:38.401 | 13 |
| Amelia Chua | Women's 500 m | 48.311 | 3 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Amelia Chua | Women's 1000 m | 1:38.738 | 4 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Amelia Chua | Women's 1500 m | — | — | 2:42.567 | 6 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
* Ranks are within heats, except finals.
# Branchinella simplex

Branchinella simplex is a species of crustacean in the family Thamnocephalidae. It is endemic to Australia.
# Diego de los Cobos Molina

Diego de los Cobos Molina (died 1565) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Jaén (1560–1565) and Bishop of Ávila (1559–1560).

## Biography

Diego de los Cobos Molina was born in Ubeda, Spain. On 2 August 1559, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Paul IV as Bishop of Ávila. On 4 September 1560, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Pius IV as Bishop of Jaén. He served as Bishop of Jaén until his death in Toledo, Spain on 8 September 1565.
While bishop, he was the principal co-consecrator of Diego de Covarrubias y Leiva, Archbishop of Santo Domingo (1560).
# Squaramide catalysis

Within the area of organocatalysis, squaramide catalysis describes the use of squaramides to accelerate and stereochemically alter organic transformations. The effects arise through hydrogen-bonding interactions between the substrate and the squaramide, unlike classic catalysts, and is thus a type of hydrogen-bond catalyst. The scope of these small-molecule H-bond donors termed squaramide organocatalysis covers both non-stereoselective and stereoselective applications.

## Structure

A squaramide organocatalyst typically contains the squaramide group and a hydrogen bond donor which is usually a tertiary amine group. The 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-group is commonly used for the R group. For enantioselective squaramide catalysis, chirality is induced via the tertiary amine group. There are cases where both sides of the squaramide are tertiary amines.

## Catalyst-substrate interactions

The interaction between the substrate and the catalyst can be seen in the image above, with the electrophile being bound to the squaramide part and the protonated nucleophile to the amine part (which increases nucleophilicity). However, it must be noted that the position of the nucleophile and electrophile switch when the electrophile can only form one hydrogen bond, as in the case of most imines.

## Advantages of squaramide organocatalysts

Squaramide catalysts are easily prepared from starting materials like methyl squarate, possess high activities under low catalyst loadings. Squaramide catalysis can be a replacement for thiourea organocatalysis in some scenarios. Squaramides have higher affinity for halide ions than thiourea.Aqueous mediums can be used.

## Scope

H-bond accepting substrates include carbonyl compounds imines, Michael acceptors, and epoxides. The nucleophile can be nitroalkanes, enolates, and even phenols (resulting in electrophilic aromatic substitution). Subsequent cascade reactions are possible.

## History

Squaramides have been synthesized in 1966. Squaramide catalysts are developed in 2008 by Jeremiah P. Malerich, Koji Hagihara, and Viresh H. Rawal.

## Catalysts

From the general structure of squaramide catalysts, a number of catalysts have been developed, most with the aim to enable chiral catalysis.
* The first squaramide catalyst developed. It functions as a bifunctional catalyst.Some later catalysts are based on such a structure by removing the methylene group on the left to make a 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-group or adding a 6-methoxy group on the quinoline.
* Zlotin's bifunctional squaramide catalyst.
* Ionic liquid squaramide catalyst for catalyzing epoxide opening reaction. It can be directly separated via decantation.Note that it is achiral.
* Polymeric squaramide catalyst that is only soluble in strongly polar solvents like DMF and DMSO, and thus can be easily separated.
# Emertongone

Emertongone is a monotypic genus of dwarf spiders containing the single species, Emertongone montifer. The genus was created by Lin, Lopardo & Uhl in 2022 for the species formerly known as Oedothorax montifer and first described in 1882 as Lophocarenum montiferum. It has only been found in the United States.
# 10140 Villon

10140 Villon, provisional designation 1993 SX$_4$, is a Nysian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 5 kilometers (3 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 19 September 1993, by Belgian astronomer Eric Elst at the CERGA Observatory at Caussols in France. It was named after 15th-century French poet François Villon.

## Orbit and classification

Villon is member of the Nysa family (405), one of the largest asteroid families. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 2.1–2.7 AU once every 3 years and 9 months (1,375 days; semi-major axis of 2.42 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.13 and an inclination of 3° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with its first observations as 1973 GZ at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in April 1973, more than 20 years prior to its official discovery observation at Caussols.

## Physical characteristics

Villon's spectral type has not been determined, Based on its family classification and measured albedo (see below), it is likely a stony S-type asteroid. It has an absolute magnitude of 13.7. As of 2018, no rotational lightcurve of Villon has been obtained from photometric observations. The body's rotation period, pole and shape remain unknown.

### Diameter and albedo

According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Villon measures 4.785 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.280.

## Naming

This minor planet was named after medieval French poet François Villon (1431–1463). The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 28 July 1999 (M.P.C. 35493).
# Kunnathur, Tamil Nadu Assembly constituency

Kunnathur former state assembly constituency in Kanchipuram district, Tamil Nadu, India. It existed from 1962 to 1971.

## Members of the Legislative Assembly

| Year | Winner | Party |
| 1971 | M. Gopal | Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |
| 1967 | M. Gopal | Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |
| 1962 | P. Appavoo | Indian National Congress |

## Election results

Vote share of winning candidates :
| 1971 | 1971 | 64.48% | 64.48% |
| 1967 | 1967 | 68.88% | 68.88% |
| 1962 | 1962 | 41.61% | 41.61% |

### 1971

1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election: Kunnathur :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | DMK | M. Gopal | 47,126 | 64.48% | −4.40% |
| | INC | P. Appavoo | 24,488 | 33.50% | 3.86% |
| | Independent | G. Dayalan | 1,477 | 2.02% | |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 22,638 | 30.97% | −8.26% |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 73,091 | 69.20% | −7.59% |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 1,09,509 | | |
| | DMK hold | DMK hold | Swing | -4.40% | |

### 1967

1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election: Kunnathur :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | DMK | M. Gopal | 47,772 | 68.88% | |
| | INC | P. Appavoo | 20,563 | 29.65% | −11.97% |
| | Independent | B. A. Moorthy | 1,024 | 1.48% | |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 27,209 | 39.23% | 37.61% |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 69,359 | 76.79% | 16.60% |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 92,716 | | |
| | DMK gain from INC | DMK gain from INC | Swing | 27.26% | |

### 1962

1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election: Kunnathur :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | INC | P. Appavoo | 20,207 | 41.61% | |
| | RPI | A. Ratnam | 19,422 | 40.00% | |
| | We Tamils | Durai Elumalai | 8,931 | 18.39% | |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 785 | 1.62% | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 48,560 | 60.18% | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 85,427 | | |
| | INC win (new seat) | INC win (new seat) | INC win (new seat) | INC win (new seat) | INC win (new seat) |
# Malawi Armed Forces College FC

Malawi Armed Forces College FC (MAFCO) is a Malawian football (soccer) club based in Salima, Central Region and currently playing in the TNM Super League, the top division of Malawian football.

## History

MAFCO, return to top league in 2010 winning the Central Region Football League after four years in the second division.
After three season finished at the bottom of the league table, struggling with relegation, the soldiers, under the management of head coach Stereo Gondwe, clinched 3rd position in 2013 season and won the President Cup after beating Silver Strikers FC on the final.
In the following year, the team finished in 7th position and reached the quarter-finals of the Malawi Carlsberg Cup and semi-finals in the Standard Bank Knockout Cup.
In the 2015 season MAFCO finished as Super League runners-up, their highest league placing and reached again the quarter-final of the Malawi Carlsberg Cup.
In 2018, The Salima-based soldiers, ended the nine-year stay in the TNM Super League after finished in 15th position.

## Stadium

Currently the team plays at the 1,000 capacity Chitowe Stadium in Nkhotakota.

## Honours

Super League of Malawi:
* Runners-up (1): 2015
Central Region Football League
* Winners (1): 2009–10
President Cup
* Winners (1): 2013–14
Central Region Football League
* Winners (1): 2019
# Sela Subregion

Sela Subregion is a subregion in the northwestern Anseba region (Zoba Anseba) of Eritrea. Its capital lies at Sela.
# Teseney Subregion

Teseney Subregion is a subregion in the western Gash-Barka region (Zoba Gash-Barka) of Eritrea. Its capital lies at barentu .
# Shahab-5

Shahab-5 (Persian: شهاب ۵, meaning "Meteor-5") is an Iranian long-range ballistic missile, that was rumoured to exist as early as 1998. It is thought to be based upon the North Korean Taepodong-2, with a first stage based upon the Soviet RD-0216. The potential range of the missile is estimated to be between 4,000 and 4,300 km, with a warhead payload of 700 to 1,000 kg.
# Style (botany)

In botany, the style of an angiosperm flower is an organ of variable length that connects the ovary to the stigma. The style does not contain ovules; these are limited to the region of the gynoecium (female organs of the flower) called the "ovary".

## Structure

The style is a narrow extension of the ovary, usually pointing upwards, connecting the ovary to the stigmatic papillae. It may be absent in some plants; in this case, it is referred to as a sessile stigma. Styles generally resemble more or less long tubes. The style can be open (with few cells occupying the central part, or even none), featuring a central canal that may be filled with mucilage. Alternatively, the style can be closed (completely filled with cells). Most plants with syncarpous pistils (monocotyledons and some eudicotys) have open styles, whereas many eudicots and grasses have closed (solid) styles containing specialized secretory tissues, which connect the stigma to the center of the ovary. These tissues form a nutrient-rich cord for the growth of the pollen tube.
When the pistil consists of several carpels, each of them may have a distinct stylodium (sometimes seen as a pseudo-style) or share a common style. In Iris and other species of the Iridaceae family, the style divides into three "petaloid branches" (resembling petals), sometimes also called stylodiums, almost at the origin of the style and is called "tribrachiate". These are strips of tissue emerging from the perianth tube above the sepal. The stigma is a ridge or edge on the lower surface of the branch, near the tip of the lobes. Branched styles also appear in the genera Dietes, Pardanthopsis, and in most species of the genus Moraea.
In Crocus species, the style is branched into three "branches," forming a tube. Plants of the genus Hesperantha have a spread-out branched style. The style can also be lobed rather than branched. Plants of the genus Gladiolus have a bilobed style. In the genera Freesia, Lapeirousia, Romulea, Savannosiphon, and Watsonia, the style has bifurcated and curved branches.

### Attachment to the ovary

May be terminal (apical), subapical, lateral, gynobasic, or subgynobasic. Terminal (apical) style position refers to attachment at the apex of the ovary and is the most common pattern. In the subapical pattern, the style arises to the side slightly below the apex. A lateral style arises from the side of the ovary and is found in Rosaceae. The gynobasic style arises from the base of the ovary, or between the ovary lobes and is characteristic of Boraginaceae. Subgynobasic styles characterise Allium.

### Pollination

Pollen tubes grow the length of the style to reach the ovules, and in some cases self-incompatibility reactions in the style prevent full growth of the pollen tubes. In some species, including Gasteria at least, the pollen tube is directed to the micropyle of the ovule by the style.