OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Main group peroxides

In chemistry, main group peroxides are peroxide derivatives of the main group elements. Many compounds of the main group elements form peroxides (R−O−O−R'), and a few are of commercial significance.

## Examples

With thousands of tons/year being produced annually, the peroxydisulfates, S$_2$O2−8, are preeminent members of this class. These salts serve as initiators for polymerization of acrylates and styrene.
At one time, sodium perborate was used in detergents. It has since largely been replaced by sodium carbonate sesquiperhydrate.
Many peroxides are not commercially valuable but are of academic interest. One example is bis(trimethylsilyl) peroxide (Me$_3$SiOOSiMe$_3$). Phosphorus oxides form a number of peroxides, e.g. "P$_2$O$_6$".
# Zhang Xiu (Eastern Wu)

Zhang Xiu (c. 205–245), courtesy name Shusi, was a military general of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China.

## Life

Zhang Xiu was the younger son of Zhang Zhao, a statesman who served under Sun Quan, the founding emperor of Eastern Wu. After his father died, he inherited his father's peerage "Marquis of Lou" (婁侯) because his elder brother, Zhang Cheng, already had a peerage of his own.
When Zhang Xiu reached adulthood at around the age of 19, he, along with Zhuge Ke, Gu Tan and Chen Biao, were appointed as attendants of Sun Deng, the eldest son and heir apparent of Sun Quan. They imparted their knowledge of the Book of Han to Sun Deng. As Zhang Xiu was not only precise and orderly in his teaching, but also casual and friendly, Sun Deng regarded him as a close friend and often invited him to attend feasts.
Zhang Xiu was later reassigned to be a Right Assistant Commandant (右弼都尉). Sun Quan frequently went on hunting excursions and returned late in the evening, so Zhang Xiu wrote a memorial to the emperor, urging him to have better time management. Sun Quan heeded Zhang Xiu's advice and even showed the article to Zhang Zhao. After Sun Deng died in 241, Zhang Xiu became a Palace Attendant (侍中) and was commissioned as a Commander of the Feathered Forest Corps of the Imperial Guards (羽林都督) and was in charge of inspecting military affairs. He was later promoted to General Who Spreads Martial Might (揚武將軍).
In the 240s, a power struggle broke out between two of Sun Quan's sons — Sun He, the Crown Prince; Sun Ba, the Prince of Lu. Zhang Xiu was a supporter of Sun He. In 241, after Zhang Xiu returned from a battle against Wu's rival state, Cao Wei, at Quebei (芍陂; south of present-day Shou County, Anhui), the Wu general Quan Cong and his son Quan Ji (全寄) accused Zhang Xiu, Gu Tan and Gu Cheng of conspiring with an officer Chen Xun (陳恂) to make a false report about their achievements in the battle. In 245, Zhang Xiu and the Gus were exiled to Jiao Province. As Zhang Xiu previously had a feud with Sun Hong (孫弘), the Director of the Imperial Secretariat, the latter used the opportunity to make further complaints against Zhang Xiu, which resulted in Zhang Xiu being ordered to commit suicide by Sun Quan. Zhang Xiu was 40 years old when he died.
# Haydn (crater)

Haydn is a crater on Mercury. It has a diameter of 251 kilometers. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1976. Haydn is named for the Austrian composer Joseph Haydn, who lived from 1732 to 1809.
Haydn is south of the larger basin Raphael.
* Another oblique view from MESSENGER with Haydn at right
* Raphael crater (top) and Haydn crater (bottom) in approximate color
# Pennsylvania Open Championship

The Pennsylvania Open Championship is the Pennsylvania state open golf tournament, open to both amateur and professional golfers. It is organized by the Pennsylvania Golf Association. It has been played annually since 1912 (except for war years) at a variety of courses around the state. It was considered a PGA Tour event in some years during the 1920s and 1930s.

## Winners

* 2024 Jake Sollon
* 2023 Kevin Kraft
* 2022 Jake Sollon
* 2021 Alex Blickle
* 2020 Jimmy Ellis (a)
* 2019 Isaiah Logue
* 2018 Kevin Kraft
* 2017 Greg Jarmas
* 2016 Robert Rohanna
* 2015 Billy Stewart
* 2014 John Pillar, Sr.
* 2013 Andrew Mason
* 2012 Clayton Rotz
* 2011 Mark Sheftic
* 2010 Robert Rohanna
* 2009 Justin Smith
* 2008 Mike Van Sickle (a)
* 2007 Mike Van Sickle (a)
* 2006 Kyle Davis
* 2005 Sean Farren
* 2004 Ryan Sikora
* 2003 Steve Wheatcroft
* 2002 Terry Hertzog
* 2001 Jeff Daniels
* 2000 Terry Hertzog
* 1999 Terry Hatch
* 1998 Stuart Ingraham
* 1997 Gene Fieger
* 1996 John Mazza
* 1995 Gene Fieger
* 1994 Paul Oglesby
* 1993 Bob Ford
* 1992 Mike Moses
* 1991 Frank Dobbs
* 1990 Jay Sigel (a)
* 1989 Joseph J. Boros
* 1988 Gene Fieger
* 1987 Brian Kelly
* 1986 Frank Fuhrer, III
* 1985 Don De Angelis
* 1984 Roy Vucinich
* 1983 Jay Sigel (a)
* 1982 Lee Raymond (a)
* 1981 Bob Ford
* 1980 Bob Huber
* 1979 Ron Milanovich
* 1978 Jay Sigel (a)
* 1977 Bob Ford
* 1976 Jeff Steinberg
* 1975 Steve Brewton (a)
* 1974 Jay Sigel (a)
* 1973 Tony Perla
* 1972 Andy Thompson
* 1971 Jack Kiefer
* 1970 James Masserio (a)
* 1969 Tony Perla
* 1968 Ronald Stafford
* 1967 Robert Ross
* 1966 Richard Bassett
* 1965 Bob Shave
* 1964 Jerry Pisano
* 1963 Bert Yancey
* 1962 Henry Williams, Jr.
* 1961 Al Besselink
* 1960 John Guenther, Jr. (a)
* 1959 Skee Riegel
* 1958 Dick Sleichter
* 1957 Skee Riegel
* 1956 Johnny Weitzel
* 1955 Johnny Weitzel
* 1954 Henry Williams, Jr.
* 1953 Bo Wininger
* 1952 George Griffin, Jr.
* 1951 Johnny Bulla
* 1950 Jerry Barber
* 1949 Andy Gasper
* 1948 Terl Johnson
* 1947 Steve Kovach
* 1946 Steve Kovach
* 1943–1945 No tournament
* 1942 Sam Byrd
* 1941 Gene Kunes
* 1940 Sam Parks, Jr.
* 1939 Ray Mangrum
* 1938 Lloyd Mangrum
* 1937 Toney Penna
* 1936 Felix Serafin
* 1935 Ray Mangrum
* 1934 Willie Macfarlane
* 1933 Dick Metz
* 1932 Vincent Eldred
* 1931 Felix Serafin
* 1930 Ed Dudley
* 1929 Ed Dudley
* 1928 Tommy Armour
* 1927 Johnny Farrell
* 1926 John Rogers
* 1925 Joe Turnesa
* 1924 Emmet French
* 1923 James Edmundson
* 1922 Emil Loeffler
* 1921 Cyril Walker
* 1920 Emil Loeffler
* 1919 Charles Hoffner
* 1917–1918 No tournament
* 1916 Jock Hutchison
* 1915 Tom Anderson, Jr.
* 1914 Macdonald Smith
* 1913 James Thompson
* 1912 Tom Anderson, Jr.
(a) denotes amateur
# Richard Richards (Utah politician)

Richard Richards (May 14, 1932 – January 30, 2015) was an American political activist who served as chairman of the Republican National Committee from 1981 to 1983. He was active in the Republican Party and politics from the late 1960s until the 1980s. He was born in Ogden, Utah.
Richards served in the United States Army from 1952 until 1955, finishing his service as an officer with the 7th Cavalry Regiment.
Before being drafted, Richards had been active in politics, organizing the Junior Republican League while studying at Weber State College in Ogden, Utah. He graduated from the University of Utah Law School and was active in the political campaigns of Douglas R. Stringfellow, Laurence J. Burton and Dr. Henry Aldous Dixon, organizing a youth group that helped Dr. Dixon win election to the United States Congress. He later served as a member of the Republican National Committee and chairman of the Utah Republican Party, and was the first state chairman to endorse Ronald Reagan for President in 1976.
He resided near Ogden with his wife. Richards was a Latter-day Saint. Richards died at his home on January 30, 2015, at the age of 82.
The Richard Richards Institute for Ethics at Weber State University is named for him.
Weber State University published his autobiography Climbing the Political Ladder, One Rung at a Time in 2006.
# Frank McBride

Frank Earl McBride (born 1943) is an American politician.
McBride served as a Democratic member for the 74th district in the South Carolina House of Representatives from 1985 to 1991. McBride lost his seat as a result of Operation Lost Trust after pleading guilty to accepting $1000 in bribes.
# Thomas Fichtner

Thomas Fichtner (born 30 December 1966) is a German sport shooter who competed in the 2000 Summer Olympics.
# Hans-Helmuth Krause

Hans-Helmuth Krause (18 July 1907 – 26 February 1944) was a German middle-distance runner. He competed in the men's 1500 metres at the 1928 Summer Olympics. He was killed in action during World War II.
# Phyllergates

The species of tailorbirds listed below are small birds of the genus Phyllergates . They were previously placed in the Old World warbler family Sylviidae. However, recent research suggests they more likely belong in the Cettiidae.
They occur in the Old World tropics, principally in Asia.
These warblers are usually brightly colored, with green or grey upperparts and yellow white or grey underparts. They often have chestnut on the head.
Tailorbirds have short rounded wings, short tails, strong legs and long curved bills. The tail is typically held upright, like a wren. They are typically found in open woodland, scrub and gardens.
Tailorbirds get their name from the way their nest is constructed. The edges of a large leaf are pierced and sewn together with plant fibre or spider's web to make a cradle in which the actual grass nest is built.

## Species list

| Image | Common Name | Scientific name | Distribution |
| | Mountain tailorbird | Phyllergates cucullatus | Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. |
| | Rufous-headed tailorbird | Phyllergates heterolaemus | Philippines. |
# Peter I. Borst

Peter I. Borst (April 24, 1797 – November 14, 1848) was an American farmer and politician who served one term as a U.S. Representative from New York from 1829 to 1831.

## Biography

Born in Middleburgh, New York, Borst attended the common schools and became a successful farmer on his estate, "The Hook" and was an officer of the Schoharie County Agricultural Society. He was married to Catherine Becker Borst. At least three of Borst's children (Addison, John B., and Peter Bouck Borst) moved from New York to Page County, Virginia in years prior to the American Civil War. Addison and John served in the 10th Virginia Infantry, while Peter (23 June 1826 – 24 April 1882) represented the county in the 1861 Virginia Convention, voting both times in favor of secession.

## Career
### Early political career

Borst served as an officer of New York State Militia and on the staff of Governor William C. Bouck. He held various local positions.

### Tenure in Congress

Elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-first Congress, Borst served from March 4, 1829, to March 3, 1831. During that time, he served as a member of the committee appointed by the county board of supervisors to oversee the building of the first county almshouse in 1838.

## Death

Borst died in Middleburg, New York, on November 14, 1848 (age 51 years, 204 days). He is interred at a family graveyard, on his estate, "The Hook," in Schoharie County, New York.
# Thomas Kumm

Thomas Kumm (born 23 January 1969) is a German speed skater. He competed in three events at the 1994 Winter Olympics.
# Bam County

Bam County (Persian: شهرستان بم) is in Kerman province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Bam. Arg e Bam (Bam Citadel) and its cultural landscape are located in Bam County.

## History

After the 2006 National Census, Fahraj District and Chahdegal Rural District were separated from the county in the establishment of Fahraj County; Narmashir and Rud Ab Districts were separated from the county to establish Narmashir County; and Rigan District was separated in establishing Rigan County. In addition, Kork and Nartich Rural District was separated from the Central District, and Rud Ab-e Gharbi Rural District from Rud Ab District, in the formation of Baravat District. After the 2011 census, the city of Baravat joined the new district from the Central District.
In 2018, Darijan Rural District was created in the Central District, and Dehbakri Rural District was separated from it in the formation of Dehbakri District, including the new Abareq Rural District.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 census, the county's population was 277,835 in 67,639 households. The following census in 2011 counted 195,603 people in 57,380 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the county as 228,241 in 71,338 households.

### Administrative divisions

Bam County's population history and administrative structure over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table.
Bam County Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
| Central District | 118,037 | 159,129 | 167,810 |
| Darijan RD | | | |
| Dehbakri RD | 6,314 | 10,503 | 12,914 |
| Howmeh RD | 13,296 | 22,862 | 27,500 |
| Kork and Nartich RD | 9,216 | | |
| Bam (city) | 73,823 | 107,131 | 127,396 |
| Baravat (city) | 15,388 | 18,633 | |
| Baravat District | | 35,673 | 59,612 |
| Kork and Nartich RD | | 13,756 | 12,868 |
| Rud Ab-e Gharbi RD | | 21,917 | 23,983 |
| Baravat (city) | | | 22,761 |
| Dehbakri District | | | |
| Abareq RD | | | |
| Dehbakri RD | | | |
| Fahraj District | 23,442 | | |
| Borj-e Akram RD | 9,465 | | |
| Fahraj RD | 7,872 | | |
| Fahraj (city) | 6,105 | | |
| Narmashir District | 37,078 | | |
| Azizabad RD | 18,061 | | |
| Poshtrud RD | 15,051 | | |
| Narmashir (city) | 3,966 | | |
| Rigan District | 70,908 | | |
| Chahdegal RD | 17,849 | | |
| Gavkan RD | 9,246 | | |
| Gonbaki RD | 11,926 | | |
| Rigan RD | 26,114 | | |
| Mohammadabad (city) | 5,773 | | |
| Rud Ab District | 28,370 | | |
| Rud Ab-e Gharbi RD | 14,554 | | |
| Rud Ab-e Sharqi RD | 12,059 | | |
| Nezamshahr (city) | 1,757 | | |
| Total | 277,835 | 195,603 | 228,241 |
| RD = Rural District ||||
# Bart T. Blackwell

Bart T. Blackwell (born September 14, 1960) is an American politician. He is a former member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from the 81st District, serving from 2016 to 2024. He is a member of the Republican party.

## Political career

In 2024, Blackwell announced that he would not run for re-election. He was succeeded by Charles Hartz.

## Electoral history

South Carolina House of Representatives District 81 :
| Year | Candidate | Votes | Pct | Candidate | Votes | Pct | Candidate | Votes | Pct | Candidate | Votes | Pct |
| 2016 Republican Primary | K.T. Ruthven | 1,357 | 42.6% | Bart T. Blackwell | 848 | 26.6% | Chris Austin | 622 | 19.5% | Jeremy O'Donnell | 360 | 11.3% |
| 2016 Republican Primary Runoff | Bart T. Blackwell | 1,042 | 50.8% | K.T. Ruthven | 1,009 | 49.2% |
| 2016 General Election | Bart T. Blackwell | 16,781 | 100.0% |
| 2018 General Election | Bart T. Blackwell (i) | 11,342 | 63.0% | Elise Fox | 6,667 | 37.0% | Other/Write-in | 8 | 0.0% |
# George E. Bowden

George Edwin Bowden (July 6, 1852 – January 22, 1908) was a U.S. Representative from Virginia, nephew of Lemuel Jackson Bowden.

## Biography

Born in Williamsburg, Virginia, Bowden attended a private school. He studied law. He was admitted to the bar but never practiced. He engaged in banking. He served as collector of customs for the port of Norfolk from September 1879 until May 1885.
Bowden was elected as a Republican to the Fiftieth and Fifty-first Congresses (March 4, 1887 – March 3, 1891). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1890 to the Fifty-second Congress. He served as again collector of customs for the port of Norfolk. He served as clerk of the United States Court for the Eastern District of Virginia from March 10, 1899, until his death in Norfolk, Virginia, January 22, 1908. He was interred in Elmwood Cemetery.

## Elections

* 1886; Bowden was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives defeating Democrat Marshall Parks, winning 60.72% of the vote.
* 1888; Bowden was re-elected defeating Democrat Richard C. Marshall and Independent Republican Andrew Williams, winning 58.69% of the vote.
* 1890; Bowden lost his re-election bid to Democrat John William Lawson.

## Sources

* United States Congress. "George E. Bowden (id: B000677)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
U.S. House of Representatives :
| Preceded byHarry Libbey | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Virginia's 2nd congressional district 1887–1891 | Succeeded byJohn W. Lawson |
* This article about a member of the United States House of Representatives from Virginia is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Thomas J. Bradley

Thomas Joseph Bradley (January 2, 1870 – April 1, 1901) was an American lawyer and politician who served two terms as a U.S. Representative from New York at the turn of the 20th century.

## Biography

Born in New York City, Bradley attended the public schools and was graduated from the College of the City of New York in 1887. He taught in the public schools of New York City from 1887 until 1891 and was graduated from the law department of the university of New York City, in 1889. He was admitted to the bar in 1891 and commenced practice in New York City.

## Career

Bradley served as Deputy assistant district attorney of the county of New York from 1892 to 1895, then he resumed the practice of law.

### Tenure in Congress

Elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-fifth Congress, winning with 56.84%; and Fifty-sixth Congress, winning with 46.27%; Bradley was United States Representative for the ninth district of New York from March 4, 1897, to March 3, 1901.

### Retirement and death

Not a candidate for renomination in 1900, he then continued the practice of law until his death.

## Death

Bradley died from cirrhosis of the liver at St. Vincent's Hospital in Manhattan on April 1, 1901, age 31 years. He is interred at Calvary Cemetery, Woodside, Queens, New York.
# Vincent Dieutre

Vincent Dieutre (born 25 November 1960 in Le Petit-Quevilly) is a French film director and screenwriter. His films are primarily in the genre of docudrama, blending aspects of both documentary film and fiction.
He is openly gay.

## Films

* Rome désolée (1995)
* Leçons de ténèbres (2000). Jury prize at the Marseille Festival of Documentary Film.
* Entering Difference (Lettre de Chicago) (2000)
* Bonne Nouvelle (2001). Jury prize at the Locarno International Film Festival.
* Mon voyage d'hiver (2003)
* Bologna Centrale (2003)
* Les accords d'Alba (2004)
* Fragments sur la grâce (2006)
* Une larme d'amour (2007)
* Conversations avec Yaël André (2008)
* ea2, 2e exercice d'admiration : Jean Eustache (2010)
* Beirut Hotel (2011)
* Jaurès (2012)
* This is the End (2023)
# Mercy Ima Macjoe

Mercy Ima Macjoe, listen born June 20, 1993, better known as Mercy Macjoe, is a Nigerian actress, film producer, and entrepreneur. She was born and raised in Lagos but hails from Akwa Ibom State. Mercy is best known for her roles in Magdalene and Jenna, which earned her prestigious awards. In 2018, she was nominated for the Best Supporting Actress award at the City People Awards and received the award for Best Independent Short Film at the Hollywood and African Prestigious Awards in 2019.

## Early life

Her father, who died when she was very young, leaving her to be raised primarily by her mother, was a soldier from Eket in Akwa Ibom state. Macjoe attended the Nigerian Open University, where she studied Mass Communication for her second degree.

## Career
### Acting

Mercy Macjoe began her film career in 2011, with a role in the movie Lonely Princess alongside veteran actor Mercy Johnson. She has since then had feature roles the movies Midnight Crew, Zenith of Love, Shame, Bread of Life, Girl Next Door and Flaws. Early in her career, Macjoe featured in a considerable number of Ghanaian movie productions. In 2018, her performance as a tomboy in the movie Jenna received rave reviews and attention from fans and critics alike. In 2020, Macjoe enrolled at the New York Film Academy.

### Production

In 2018, she began producing her own feature films with the production of Red, which premiered on Ibaka TV, featuring Nonso Diobi, Ifeanyi Kalu and Macjoe in a lead role. In 2019, she produced three feature films, 30 and Single, shot in London, Love in a Puff and Passion’s Promise.

## Awards and recognition

| Year | Event | Prize | Recipient | Result |
| 2016 | Scream Awards | Film Revelation of the year (Female) | Mercy Macjoe | Won |
| 2017 | City People Movie Awards | Best new Actress | Mercy Macjoe | Nominated |
| 2018 | City People Movie Awards | Best Supporting Actress - Female | Mercy Macjoe | Nominated |
| 2018 | CA Award, London | Best Actor (Female) | Mercy Macjoe | Won |
| 2019 | Humanitarian Award | Celebrity Entrepreneur of the Year | Mercy Macjoe | Won |
| 2019 | GMYT African Humanitarian Award | Most Stylish Celebrity of the Year | Mercy Macjoe | Won |
| 2019 | Hollywood and African Prestigious Awards, Los Angeles | Best Independent Film (African) | Love in a Puff | Won |

## Filmography
### Selected filmography

* Jenna
* Midnight Crew
* Zenith of Love
* Shame
* Bread of Life
* Girl Next Door
* Flaws (2016) as Berna
* Magdalene
* Red (2019)
* Obsessed alongside Daniel K Daniel
* Wedding Eve (2017) as Roli
* Forbidden Pleasure
* Somewhere in Hell
* Body of a Virgin
* Moonwalker
* Bonded by Fate
# John Brisbin

John Brisbin (July 13, 1818 – February 3, 1880) was an American politician, lawyer, and educator who briefly served in the United States House of Representatives in 1851, representing the 11th congressional district of Pennsylvania as a Democrat in the 31st United States Congress.

## Early life and education

Brisbin was born in Sherburne, New York, on July 13, 1818. He taught school and studied law.

## Career

Brisbin was admitted to the bar; he commenced practice in Tunkhannock, Pennsylvania around the year 1843.
Brisbin was elected as a Democrat to the 31st United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of incumbent Chester P. Butler. He served from January 15, 1851, to March 3, 1851, representing the 11th congressional district of Pennsylvania.
Brisbin served as president of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad company from 1863 to 1867. Additionally, he served as a member of the board of managers and general counsel from 1867 to his death in 1880.

## Personal life and death

Brisbin married Adelia Malvina Remsen in 1841.
Brisbin died at the age of 61 in Newark, New Jersey, on February 3, 1880. He was interred in Evergreen Cemetery, located in Hillside, New Jersey.
# Fatmata Turay

Fatmata B. Turay, (born in 1987 in Freetown) is a Sierra Leonean doctor and beauty pageant titleholder who represented her country at Miss World 2007 in Sanya, China. She studied medicine.
# James Bradford Foley

James Bradford Foley (October 18, 1807 – December 5, 1886) was an American politician who served one term as a U.S. Representative from Indiana from 1857 to 1859.

## Biography

Born near Dover, Kentucky, Foley received a limited schooling. He was employed on a flatboat on the Mississippi River in 1823. He moved to Greensburg, Indiana, in 1834.
He engaged in mercantile pursuits from 1834 to 1837, and afterwards in farming. He served as Treasurer of Decatur County from 1841 to 1843. He later served as member of the State constitutional convention in 1850. He was appointed commander of the Fourth Brigade of State militia in 1852.

### Congress

Foley was elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1857 – March 3, 1859).

### Later career and death

He resumed agricultural pursuits in Decatur County.
He died in Greensburg, Indiana, December 5, 1886. He was interred in South Park Cemetery.