OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lead(II) azide

Lead(II) azide Pb(N$_3$)$_2$ is an inorganic compound. More so than other azides, it is explosive. It is used in detonators to initiate secondary explosives. In a commercially usable form, it is a white to buff powder.

## Preparation and handling

Lead(II) azide is prepared by the reaction of sodium azide and lead(II) nitrate in aqueous solution. Lead(II) acetate can also be used.
Thickeners such as dextrin or polyvinyl alcohol are often added to the solution to stabilize the precipitated product. In fact, it is normally shipped in a dextrinated solution that lowers its sensitivity.

## Production history

Lead azide in its pure form was first prepared by Theodor Curtius in 1891. Due to sensitivity and stability concerns, the dextrinated form of lead azide (MIL-L-3055) was developed in the 1920s and 1930s with large scale production by DuPont Co beginning in 1932. Detonator development during World War II resulted in the need for a form of lead azide with a more brisant output. RD-1333 lead azide (MIL-DTL-46225), a version of lead azide with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as a precipitating agent, was developed to meet that need. The Vietnam War saw an accelerated need for lead azide and it was during this time that Special Purpose Lead Azide (MIL-L-14758) was developed; the US government also began stockpiling lead azide in large quantities. After the Vietnam War, the use of lead azide dramatically decreased. Due to the size of the US stockpile, the manufacture of lead azide in the US ceased completely by the early 1990s. In the 2000s, concerns about the age and stability of stockpiled lead azide led the US government to investigate methods to dispose of its stockpiled lead azide and obtain new manufacturers.

## Explosive characteristics

Lead azide is highly sensitive and usually handled and stored under water in insulated rubber containers. It will explode after a fall of around 150 mm (6 in) or in the presence of a static discharge of 7 millijoules. Its detonation velocity is around 5,180 m/s (17,000 ft/s).
Ammonium acetate and sodium dichromate are used to destroy small quantities of lead azide.
Lead azide has immediate deflagration to detonation transition (DDT), meaning that even small amounts undergo full detonation (after being hit by flame or static electricity).
Lead azide reacts with copper, zinc, cadmium, or alloys containing these metals to form other azides. For example, copper azide is even more explosive and too sensitive to be used commercially.
Lead azide was a component of the six .22 (5.6 mm) caliber Devastator rounds fired from a Röhm RG-14 revolver by John Hinckley, Jr. in his assassination attempt on U.S. President Ronald Reagan on March 30, 1981. The rounds consisted of lead azide centers with lacquer-sealed aluminum tips designed to explode upon impact. A strong probability exists that the bullet which struck White House press secretary James Brady in the head exploded. The remaining bullets that hit people, including the shot that hit President Reagan, did not explode.
# Shivashanmukha Rao

Shivashanmukha Rao (17 October 1847 - 3 May 1878) was a member of the Ghorpade Dynasty who served as the Raja of Sandur State from 1861 to 1878. His reign was noted for its progressive reforms.

## Early life

Shivashanmukha Rao was born on 17 October 1847 to Venkata Rao II, the reigning Raja of Sandur. Being the eldest son, Shivashanmukha Rao was heir-apparent to the throne. Shivashanmukha Rao was educated in private.

## Reign

When Venkata Rao died in 1861, 14-year old Shivashanmukha Rao ascended the throne. As he was yet a minor, the administration was handled by a regency. Shivashanmukha Rao did not have a full formal coronation till 1863, when his sanad was renewed by the Madras government. In 1876, he was accorded the title of "Raja" by the British.
As soon as he assumed the throne in 1863, Shivashanmukha Rao selected J. Macartney, a missionary of the LMS as his agent and advisor. During his tenure, Macartney introduced many reforms and improved the administration of the state. Macartney retired in 1885 and was succeeded by J. G. Firth, a former tahsildar of Bellary.
Venkata Rao was a recipient of the Prince of Wales medal (1876). In 1877, he was awarded a Kaisar-i-Hind Medal on the occasion of the Delhi Durbar.

## Personal life

Shivashanmukha Rao was the oldest surviving son of Venkata Rao through his six wives. He married Rani Sundarabai Ghorpade and they had two sons - Vittal Rao and Maloji Rao, both of whom predeceased their father.

## Death

Shivashanmukha Rao died at Sandur on 3 May 1878 after a long illness. As he did not have sons of his own, Shivashanmukha Rao was succeeded as Raj by his younger brother Ramachandra Vitthala Rao.
# Jason Dunnington

Jason Dunnington (born June 27, 1977) is an American politician who served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 88th district from 2014 to 2020.

## Oklahoma House of Representatives

In October 2023, he voiced support for Israel in the 2023 Israel–Hamas war.
He voiced opposition on a bill that would criminalize homelessness in a conversation with Jon Echols, who supported the bill.
# Alois Hannecker

Alois Hannecker (born 10 July 1961) is a retired (West) German discus thrower.
Hannecker represented the sports clubs MTV Ingolstadt and LC Olympiapark München, and became West German champion in 1986 and 1987. His personal best throw was 65.90 metres, achieved in May 1988 in Bensheim.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position |
| Representing West Germany |||||
| 1986 | European Championships | Stuttgart, West Germany | 12th |
| 1987 | World Championships | Rome, Italy | 11th |
| 1988 | Olympic Games | Seoul, South Korea | 8th |
| 1990 | European Championships | Split, Yugoslavia | 10th |
# Ağaçpınar, Ovacık

Ağaçpınar (Kurdish: Haçgirek) is a village in the Ovacık District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Abasan tribe and had a population of 27 in 2021.
The hamlets of Eşme, Hopan, Kuşak, Saruhan and Şahhüseyin are attached to the village.
# Christopher Jackman

Christopher J. Jackman (July 12, 1916 – January 28, 1991) was an American Democratic Party politician from New Jersey, who served in both houses of the New Jersey Legislature. He was Speaker of the New Jersey General Assembly from 1978 until 1982.

## Life and career

Jackman was born in New York City in 1916. He attended public schools in West New York, New Jersey and took labor classes at Rutgers University and Cornell University. A longtime labor advocate, he became vice-president of the International Brotherhood of Pulp, Sulphite, and Paper Mill Workers and its successor, the United Paperworkers International Union. He sat on the executive board of the New Jersey AFL-CIO.
Jackman was chairman of the West New York Housing Authority from 1952 to 1959. He was elected to the New Jersey General Assembly from Hudson County in 1967. He became majority leader in 1977 and speaker in 1978, serving in the latter position until 1982 when he was replaced by Alan Karcher. He was a delegate to the 1980 Democratic National Convention.
In 1983, Jackman was elected to the New Jersey Senate, following the conviction of William Musto on racketeering charges. He was reelected in 1987 and became deputy majority leader. In 1991 he died of cancer at The University Hospital in Newark, New Jersey. Bob Menendez, then serving in the Assembly, was appointed to fill the vacant seat in March 1991 and was elected to a full term the following November.
# Princess House

1°16′14.99″N 103°48′33.04″E﻿ / ﻿1.2708306°N 103.8091778°E﻿ / 1.2708306; 103.8091778
The Princess House is a building on Alexandra Road in Queenstown, Singapore. The building was initially used as the offices for the Singapore Improvement Trust, and later became the first dedicated headquarters of the trust's successor, the Housing and Development Board.

## Description

The Princess House is seven storeys tall. The building has a simple design. The articulation of the building's elements follows the form follows function dictum. The roof of the building is "U-shaped" and also functions as a viewing deck.

## History

The building was built in 1957 as a multi-purpose office building, containing the new offices of the Singapore Improvement Trust, with the offices of the Social Welfare and Licensing departments being housed in the west wing of the building and offices in the east wing of the building to be rented out to the public. The successor of the Singapore Improvement Trust, the Housing and Development Board, moved their main offices from Upper Pickering Street to the Princess House, making the building the first dedicated headquarters of the board.
Several departments of the Ministry of Health moved their offices into the building in September 1971. The then newly created Ministry of Environment moved its offices into the Princess House in September 1972. The Ministry of Environment moved to the Environment Building on Scotts Road in September 1986. By March 1988, the building was still vacant, despite other statutory boards and governments being informed that the building was available, and a tender being put out to the private sector for a short-term tenancy.
The Princess House has been visited by Prince Philip and Princess Margaret. The building was also visited by Putra of Perlis during his three-day tour of Singapore in November 1963. The building was gazetted for conservation in 2007 by the Urban Redevelopment Authority. The National Heritage Board has placed the building on the My Queenstown Heritage Trail as the fourth landmark on the trail.
# Nicola Lancini

Nicola Lancini (born 29 March 1994) is an Italian footballer who plays as a defender for Serie D club Villa Valle.

## Club career

On 2 September 2013, he was signed by Venezia on a one-year loan.
On 14 November 2019, he signed a contract with Serie C club Fermana until the end of the 2019–20 season.
On 2 September 2021, he moved to Casatese in Serie D.
On 30 December 2021, he joined to Serie D club Sangiuliano City.
# Meloyde Blancett

Meloyde Blancett (born January 24, 1956) is an American politician who has served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 78th district since 2016.
In March 2023, Blancett and Suzanne Schreiber broke with fellow house Democrats to support a bill to require all citizen review boards in the state to be composed of at least 2/3 CLEET-certified law enforcement officers. The bill passed the house and went to the Oklahoma Senate for approval.
# Andreas Bech

Andreas Bech (born 26 January 1969) is a German lightweight rower. He won a gold medal at the 1996 World Rowing Championships in Motherwell with the lightweight men's eight.
# Ken Smith (chess player)

Kenneth Ray Smith (September 13, 1930 – February 4, 1999) was a chess player and author. He was a member of the Dallas Chess Club and reached the rank of FIDE Master.
Smith founded Chess Digest in 1962. The Smith–Morra Gambit is named after him.
Smith was also a notable poker player, and came fourth in the 1981 World Series of Poker Main Event.

## Books

* King's Indian Attack, co-author John Hall, 2nd Revised Edition, Chess Digest, ISBN 978-0875681740
* Modern Art of Attack, co-author John Hall, 1988, Chess Digest, ISBN 978-0875681764
* An Unbeatable White Repertoire After 1 e4 e5 2 Nf3, co-author Larry Evans, 1988, Chess Digest, ISBN 978-0875681719
* Winning with the Colle System, co-author John Hall, 1990, 2nd Revised Edition, Chess Digest, ISBN 978-0875681696
* Winning with the Center Counter 1 e4 d5!, co-author John Hall, 1991, Chess Digest, ISBN 978-0875681962
* 2 c3 vs. The Sicilian and The Smith–Morra Gambit Declined, 1992, Chess Digest, ISBN 978-0875681887
* Smith–Morra Accepted • A Game Collection, co-author Bill Wall, 1992, Chess Enterprises, ISBN 978-0945470229
* Essential Chess Endings Explained Move By Move • Volume Two, 1992, Chess Digest, ISBN 978-0875682105
* The Vienna Game and Gambit, co-author A. E. Santasiere, 1992, Revised 2nd Edition, ISBN 978-0875682044
* Test Your Opening, Middlegame and Endgame Play, co-author Roy DeVault, 1992, Chess Digest, ASIN B000W028W6
* Winning with the Pirc Defense, 1993, Chess Digest, ISBN 978-0875682266
* Winning with the Reti Opening, co-author John Hall, 1993, Chess Digest, ISBN 978-0875682372
* Winning with the Blackmar–Diemer Gambit, co-author John Hall, 1993, Chess Digest, ISBN 978-0875682341
* The Veresov Attack, co-author John Hall, 1994, Chess Digest, ISBN 978-0875682518
* The Göring Gambit • Accepted & Declined, co-author John Hall, 1994, Chess Digest, ISBN 978-0875682532
* Winning With The Benko Gambit • Accepted, Semi-Accepted, Declined, co-author John Hall, 1994, Chess Digest, ISBN 978-0875682419
* The Englund Gambit and The Blackburne–Hartlaub Gambit Complex, co-author John Hall, 1994, Chess Digest, ISBN 978-0875682426
* Test Your Opening, Middlegame and Endgame Play • Volume II, co-author Roy DeVault, 1994, Chess Digest, ASIN B0087T145G
* Queen's Gambit Accepted, co-author John Hall, 1995, Chess Digest, ISBN 978-0875682556
* The Catalan, co-author John Hall, 1995, Chess Digest, ISBN 978-0875682648
* The Henning–Schara Gambit, co-author John Hall, 1995, Chess Digest, ISBN 978-0875682686
* Grand Prix Attack • Attacking the Sicilian Defense with 2 f4, co-author John Hall, 1995, Revised 2nd Edition, Chess Digest, ISBN 978-0875682761
# John Quincy Adams (railroad official)

John Quincy Adams (June 16, 1848 – November 13, 1919) was an employee of the Milwaukee Road Railroad. Technically, he was serving in the capacity of general land and townsite agent for Milwaukee Land Company, a subsidiary of the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad. Adams County, North Dakota (created 1907) is named after Adams. Adams platted Three Forks, Montana in 1908. He was a distant relative of John Adams (the 2nd U.S. president) and John Quincy Adams (the 6th U.S. president). He was born in Troy, Vermont to Benjamin S. and Susan Smith (Pierce) Adams. He married Francis S. Smith on December 23, 1874; they had two children, the senior of them is Benjamin. John Quincy Adams died in Chicago, Illinois.

## Career

He was educated at Grand River Institute, and in 1868 he received a B.S. in Cedar Valley Seminary. He began in 1869 as deputy county auditor, Mitchell County, Louisiana, continuing 1 year. Then, he was the travelling salesman for 10 years. He was member of mem. Griffin & Adams, bankers, Spencer, for 10 years. He is identified with large transactions in lands and loans since 1892, and from May 1902 to 1910, president of the Adams & Denmead Co., dealing in western lands and mortgage loans; president Coast Line Land Co., of Three Forks, Montana, Adams Investment Co., of Marshall-town. He was a Republican and Mason.
# Inna (Verdal)

Inna is a river that flows through Verdal Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The river begins in the east at the lake Innsvatnet, located near the border to Sweden, and it runs west to the village of Vuku at the confluence of the rivers Inna and Helgåa, which together become the river Verdalselva. The river Inna runs through the Inndalen valley, through the villages of Sul, Garnes, Holmen, and ends at Vuku.
# Welcome, Chaos

Welcome, Chaos is a novel by Kate Wilhelm published in 1983.

## Plot summary

Welcome, Chaos is a novel in which the heroine is manipulated to a distant place involving an immortality virus.

## Reception

Dave Langford reviewed Welcome, Chaos for White Dwarf #77, and stated that "Wilhelm maintains tight suspense and high-class characterization to the bitter end. . . nor does she shirk the moral issues."

## Reviews

* Review by Debbie Notkin (1983) in Locus, #271 August 1983
* Review by Baird Searles (1984) in Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine, March 1984
* Review by Tom Easton (1984) in Analog Science Fiction/Science Fact, May 1984
* Review by Algis Budrys (1985) in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, July 1985
* Review by Don D'Ammassa (1985) in Science Fiction Chronicle, #73 October 1985
* Review by Chris Bailey (1986) in Vector 133
# Kirchdorf am Inn, Austria

Kirchdorf am Inn is a municipality in the district of Ried im Innkreis in the Austrian state of Upper Austria.

## Geography

Kirchdorf lies in the Innviertel. About 7 percent of the municipality is forest, and 61 percent is farmland.

### Populated places

The municipality of Kirchdorf consists of the following populated places (with population in brackets as of 1 January 2022).
* Graben (65)
* Katzenberg (126)
* Katzenbergleithen (32)
* Kirchdorf am Inn (254)
* Pirath (53)
* Simetsham (40)
* Ufer (71)
# Hans Henrich Maschmann

Hans Henrich Maschmann (6 May 1775 – 19 November 1860) was a Norwegian pharmacist who was central to the effort to provide the country with medicines during the Napoleonic Wars.
Hans Henrich Maschmann was born in Oslo, Norway. He was the son of Johan Heinrich Maschmann (1719–1785) who had re-located from Hamburg, Germany. From 1773, his father had been the owner-operator of the pharmaceutical firm, Elefantapoteket i Christiania. In 1786, Hans Maschmann was sent to school in Hamburg which was followed three years later with a four-year apprenticeship at a pharmacy in Halden in Østfold. Later he traveled to Kongsberg, where he attended lectures of the Danish chemist Nicolay Tychsen (1751-1804). In 1796, he took his examen pharmaceuticum. In 1797, following the death of both of his parents, Maschmann received his license to acquire and operate the pharmacy.
When Denmark-Norway was drawn into the Napoleonic wars in 1807, the resulting British naval embargo limited the supply of goods, including pharmaceuticals. Maschmann worked with other pharmaceutical wholesaler in the country to avoided medical shortages during these crisis years which extended until the Treaty of Kiel in 1814. In 1839, he turned over management of the pharmacy firm to his eldest son Carl Gustav Maschmann, who died in 1848. He managed the pharmacy until 1856 when his younger son, Bernt Sverdrup Maschmann joined the firm.
Maschmann was a member of Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters from 1825. He was appointed Knight of the Order of St. Olav in 1853 and also knighted in the Swedish Order of Vasa.
# St. Mary's Cathedral, Jaffna

St. Mary's Cathedral (Tamil: புனித மரியன்னை பேராலயம், romanized: Puṉita Mariyaṉṉai Pērālayam; Sinhala: ශාන්ත මරියා ආසන දෙව් මැදුර Śānta Mariyā Āsana Dev Mædura) is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Jaffna located in Gurunagar, a suburb of Jaffna in northern Sri Lanka.
The cathedral is also known locally as Periye Kovil (Tamil: பெரிய கோவில்).

## History

According to historical sources, King of Jaffna Cankili I killed his son at the location of the present cathedral after his son converted to Catholicism. The prince's ashes were buried at the spot where he was killed and a chapel, which later served as the foundation for the construction of the present cathedral, was built.
Construction of St. Mary's Church began in 1789 and was completed in 1794. The first parish priest was Rev. Fr. Leonard Rebeiro. The church was built on the site of a thatched house that had previously served as a worshipping place for Jaffna's Catholics. The church has a total of fourteen novenas. The ancestors of the 10th and 11th novena gifted land for the church and the ancestors of the 12th and 13th novenas gifted land and also contributed with money for purchasing land for the church.
By the early twentieth century the church, which was now a cathedral, had become too small to accommodate all its worshippers. Construction of a new cathedral began in 1939 but wasn't completed until 1975.
# Harold Wright (politician)

Harold Wright (born November 12, 1947) is an American politician who served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 57th district from 2008 to 2020.
# Andreas Löbmann

Andreas Löbmann (born 20 February 1963) is a German former professional footballer who played as a forward.
# Savvas Constantinou

Savvas Constantinou (born August 28, 1971) is a former international Cypriot football goalkeeper. In November 2008 he moved to Nea Salamina replacing Panikos Orphanides. In January 2009, after some arguments with the board of directors of Nea Salamina, he was sacked and on January 15 he went to AEK Larnaca.
He started his career from Pezoporikos and then played in AEK Larnaca for eight years. He then moved to Digenis Morphou where he played for four seasons and finished his career.
# Majdaloun

Majdaloun (Arabic: مجدلون, also Majdloun) is a village in the Baalbek District, in Baalbek-Hermel, one of the governorates of Lebanon. Majdaloun is one of the eighty-three municipalities of the Baalbek-Hermel Governorate and of 1,052 for the whole of Lebanon.$^{:8–9}$

## History

In 1838, Eli Smith noted Mejdelun as a village in the plain in the Baalbek area.

## Demographics

In 2014, Majdaloun had 1,015 registered voters. Of these adult-aged villagers, 528 (52%) were Christians, predominantly of the Maronite Church, with 293 members (28.9% of the total voters). There were also Melkite Greek Catholic – and other Eastern-rite Catholics – (11%), and Greek Orthodox (8.8%) minorities. Almost all of the 478 Muslims were Shiites (44.5%), with a small number of Sunni Muslims (2.6%). Combined, the 478 Muslims were 47.1% of village voters.
# Football at the 2017 Summer Universiade

Football was contested at the 2017 Summer Universiade from August 18 to 29 in Taipei, Taiwan.

## Medal summary
### Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Japan (JPN) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 2 | Brazil (BRA) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 3 | France (FRA) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 4 | Mexico (MEX) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 4 | Russia (RUS) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (5 entries) | Totals (5 entries) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 |

### Medal events

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men details | Japan (JPN) | France (FRA) | Mexico (MEX) |
| Women details | Brazil (BRA) | Japan (JPN) | Russia (RUS) |

## Men

Sixteen teams participated in the men's tournament.

### Teams
## Women

Thirteen teams participated in the women's tournament.
# Richard Belden

Richard Belden (August 13, 1934 – August 20, 2007) was an American politician who served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 113th district from 1975 until his death in 2007.
He died of a heart attack on August 20, 2007, in Derby, Connecticut, at age 73.
# Ben Sherrer

Ben Sherrer (born June 18, 1968) is an American politician who served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 8th district from 2004 to 2016.
# Andreas Munkert

Andreas Munkert (7 March 1908 – 23 April 1982) was a German international footballer. He was part of Germany's squad at the 1936 Summer Olympics, but he did not play in any matches.