OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Constitutionality

In constitutional law, constitutionality is said to be the condition of acting in accordance with an applicable constitution; the status of a law, a procedure, or an act's accordance with the laws or set forth in the applicable constitution. When laws, procedures, or acts directly violate the constitution, they are unconstitutional. All others are considered constitutional unless the country in question has a mechanism for challenging laws as unconstitutional.

## Applicability

An act or statute enacted as law either by a national legislature or by a subordinate-level legislature such as that of a state or province may be declared unconstitutional.
However, governments do not only create laws but also enforce the laws set forth in the document defining the government, which is the constitution.
When the proper court determines that a legislative act or law conflicts with the constitution, it finds that law unconstitutional and declares it void in whole or in part.
Depending on the type of legal system, a statute may be declared unconstitutional by any court or only by special constitutional courts with authority to rule on the validity of a statute.
In some countries, the legislature may create any law for any purpose, and there is no provision for courts to declare a law unconstitutional. That can occur either because the country has no codified constitution that laws must conform to like in the United Kingdom and New Zealand or because the constitution is codified, but no court has the authority to strike down laws on the basis of it like in the Netherlands and Switzerland.
In many jurisdictions, the supreme court or constitutional court is the final legal arbiter that renders an opinion on whether a law or an action of a government official is constitutional. Constitutions define the powers of government, Thus, national constitutions typically apply only to government actions. Only governments can then violate the nation's constitution, but there are exceptions.

## Examples of unconstitutional actions

Unconstitutional actions include:
* Actions by politicians outside the powers of their constitutionally-established offices
* Actions on behalf of the government that prevent an individual from exercising constitutionally-protected individual rights
# Shonan Bakusozoku

Shonan Bakusozoku: Bomber Bikers of Shonan (Japanese: 湘南爆走族, Hepburn: Shōnan Bakusōzoku) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Satoshi Yoshida. It was serialized in Shōnen Gahōsha's Shōnen King magazine from 1982 to 1987 and published in 16 volumes. A prequel has been serialized in Young Champion No. 3 since January 2022, with its individual chapters collected into three volumes. The series has been adapted into 12 OVAs and a live-action film.

## Media
### Manga

Written and illustrated by Satoshi Yoshida, the series originated as a one-shot published in Shōnen Gahōsha's Shōnen King magazine in August 1982. The one-shot was turned into a full series, which was serialized in Shōnen King from 1982 to 1987. Shōnen Gahōsha collected the series' individual chapters into 16 tankōbon volumes. The series has been re-released by Kodansha, Akita Shoten, and Shogakukan. A new one-shot for the series was published in Shogakukan's Big Comic in 2017.
A prequel series, titled Shonan Bakusozoku First Flag, began serialization in Akita Shoten's Young Champion No. 3 magazine on January 11, 2022. As of November 2024, Akita Shoten has collected its individual chapters into four tankōbon volumes.

### Anime

12 original video animation (OVA) episodes, animated by Toei Animation, were released from 1986 to 1999. AnimEigo released the first OVA in North America on VHS.

### Live-action

A live-action film adaptation, directed by Daiki Yamada and starring Yōsuke Eguchi and Yūji Oda, was released in 1987.

## Reception

Mike Toole of Anime News Network described the series as a "hit" and "major phenomenon" in Japan. However, he also noted that "Shonan Bosozoku completely failed to resonate with American fans".
The series has 29 million copies in circulation.
# Cinema Artists

Cinema Artists (a/k/a Cinema Artists Philippines) is an independent Filipino motion picture company founded by Lino Brocka and Mike de Leon to produce and distribute the films that Brocka or de Leon directed.
The company was founded in 1974, two years before de Leon's feature debut, Itim.

## Films distributed by Cinema Artists

* Tinimbang Ka ngunit Kulang (1974)
* Tatlo, Dalawa, Isa (1975)
* Mortal (1975)
* Maynila: Sa mga Kuko ng Liwanag (1975) (dir. Brocka; cinematography by de Leon)
* Insiang (1976)
* Itim (1976) (de Leon's feature debut)
* Kay Dali ng Kahapon, ang Bagal ng Bukas (1985)
* Aliwan Paradise (1992) (short film)
* Southern Winds (1993)
* Bayaning Third World (2000)
* Citizen Jake (2018)
# Jane Skok

Jane Skok is the Sandra and Edward H. Meyer Professor of Radiation Oncology at New York University.

## Biography

Skok was born in Johannesburg. She earned a PhD at University College London in immunology and genetics. After completing her PhD, she left science to care for her two children, one of whom was chronically ill.
Ten years later and with four children, Skok decided that she would return to science by completing a master's degree in immunology at Imperial College London.
In 1999, she was awarded a Wellcome Trust Career Re-entry Fellowship, and started doing postdoctoral research at the Medical Research Center in Imperial College with Amanda Fisher. In 2002, she became a senior lecturer in the Department of Immunology and Molecular Pathology at University College London. In 2006, she moved to New York and became an assistant professor of pathology at NYU School of Medicine. She was promoted to full professor in 2014. Since 2017, she has been the Sandra and Edward Meyer Chair of Radiation Oncology.
Hurricane Sandy destroyed much of Skok's research in 2013. Her lab was shut down for ten months, and relocated to NYU's Washington Square campus.
# Mamuka Gongadze

Mamuka Gongadze (born 21 October 1963 in Tbilisi) is a Georgian heraldry specialist, architect, artist, author of the Georgian state coat of arms, and Deputy Chairman of the State Council of Heraldry at the Parliament of Georgia.

## Biography

Mamuka Gongadze (Georgian: მამუკა გონგაძე) was born on October 21, 1963, in Tbilisi, Georgia. He studied at Tbilisi 48th secondary school and graduated from the Tbilisi State Academy of Arts in 1988. He became a member of the Union of Georgian Designers in 1988. The same year 1988 he became a founder and head of the design studio "Oshki". In the period of 1989–1992 he was employed by "Tbilkalakproekti" Ltd and "Kurortpoekti" Ltd as an architect. Starting in 1993 he worked for The Ministry of Defense of Georgia, where, in 1995, he became a Chief of the Military Design Department. In 1995 he became a member of the Georgian State Heraldry Commission. In 1999 he became one of the founders and the Chairman of the Board of the NGO "Georgian Heraldry Association". In the period of 2005-2008 he was a member of the Georgian State Heraldry Commission at the President's office. In 2000 – he was a founder and a Chairman of the Board at the NGO "Studia Re". Starting from 2008 up to date - he is Deputy Chairman of the State Council of Heraldry at the Parliament of Georgia.

## List of Works

* 1992 File:1992 ბანკნოტის ესკიზები.jpg;File:სამხედრო ძალების მოსამსახურეების უნიფორმა.jpg;
* 1993;
* 1995 File:სასაზღვრო ძალების მოსამსახურეების უნიფორმა, ემბლემატიკა და სიმბოლიკა.jpg;
* 1997 File:სამხედრო დროშები.jpg;
* 1999 File:ოქროს საწმისის ორდენი, ესკიზები.jpg;
* 2000;
* 2001 File:სასაზღვრო ძალების დროშები.jpg;
* 2002;
* 2004 The Georgian State Coat of Arms (the initial version for the competition).File:საქართველოს სახელმწიფო გერბის კონკურსი 2004 - 1.jpg File:საქართველოს სახელმწიფო გერბის კონკურსი 2004 - 2.jpg File:საქართველოს სახელმწიფო გერბის კონკურსი 2004 - 3.jpg File:საქართველოს სახელმწიფო გერბის კონკურსი 2004 - 4.jpg File:საქართველოს სახელმწიფო გერბის კონკურსი 2004 - 5.jpg;
* 2005 File:სახელმწიფო გერბი - 1.jpgFile:სახელმწიფო გერბი - 2.jpg;
* 2005 File:„ წმინდა გიორგის გამარჯვების “ ორდენი 2005 St. George's Victory Order 2005.jpg; File:„ ეროვნული გმირის “ ორდენი 2005 Order “ National Hero” 2005.jpg;
* 2006 File:პატრულ-ინსპექტორების უნიფორმა.jpg;
* 2006-2009 File:მონეტა-2 ლარი, 50 თეთრი.jpgFile:ოქროს საწმისი.jpg File:ილორი, სვეტიცხოველი.jpg File:ვაჟა-ფშაველა, ქართული ვაზი, ჯვარი, ეროვნული ბანკი - პროექტი.jpg File:ბაქო-თბილისი-ჯეიჰანი, ლეხ კაჩინსკი, ცეკვა მთიულური.jpg;
* 2007- 2013;
* 1999-2009;
* 2012 File:უცხოეთში მცხოვრები თანამემამულის მოწმობა.jpg
# Chuck Carpenter

Charles Scott Carpenter (born January 31, 1962) is an American politician. He served in the Oregon House of Representatives from 1995 until 1999, and was the first openly gay Republican elected to any state legislature in the United States.

## Early life

Carpenter was born in Rochester, New York. He graduated from the University of Rochester with a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science in 1985 and then served in the United States Navy from 1985 until 1991.

## Political career

Carpenter was elected to the Oregon House in 1994, defeating Democrat Jeanne Atkins by less than a hundred votes to represent a district which included all Portland suburbs north of Sunset Highway, as well as Cedar Hills, Sauvie Island, and the rural areas in between. He was re-elected over Democrat Bob Shook by a wider margin in 1996, 58% to 42%.
In 1995, Carpenter said in an interview with the New York Times that he was often shunned by other members of the gay community due to his being a Republican: "I've been accepted in many ways better by my Republican colleagues, granted, they may disagree with me and not be too happy with the fact that I'm gay, but there's a willingness to work with me, whereas in the gay community, people looked at me for a while as the Jew working for the Nazis."
While serving in the Legislature, Carpenter sponsored HB 2734, which was a version of the Employment Non-Discrimination Act. The bill was denied a committee hearing, so Carpenter attempted to force a vote directly on the House floor. A compromise was later reached in which the bill would be revised and sent to a different committee. The revised version easily passed the House but failed by one vote in the Senate. The Republican leadership, angry over his sponsorship of that bill, attempted to force him out of the party, but Carpenter refused. He was challenged in the 1998 primary by "ultra-conservative" Bill Witt, a two-time congressional candidate who had the backing of anti-gay organizations. While Carpenter had the backing of Speaker Lynn Snodgrass, he ultimately lost by 46 votes.
Carpenter drew fire from gay rights activists, including from the Log Cabin Republicans, for endorsing Gordon Smith for U.S. Senate in 1996. Smith was seen as anti-gay, but Carpenter argued that he had changed his views, saying, "he was ignorant of gay and lesbian issues. I stepped in at a time that was very controversial and took an enormous amount of heat from the gay community because of my endorsement of him. I take a lot of pride in being able to change a very conservative man's opinion of gays and lesbians."

## Post-politics

Since 1999, Carpenter has been Executive Director of Manufactured Housing Communities of Oregon. He was president of the Oregon Small Business Coalition between 2012 and 2014.
# Walter G. Winne

Walter Griffen Winne (February 18, 1889 – October 15, 1972) was an American lawyer and politician who served as a member of the New Jersey General Assembly and U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey. As Prosecutor for Bergen County, New Jersey, he was indicted on misconduct charges in 1951 but was subsequently acquitted.
He was born in Brooklyn, New York to George T. and Agnes T. (Goff) Winne. He grew up in Hackensack, New Jersey and graduated from Hackensack High School in 1906. He attended Rutgers College, graduating in 1910 with a Bachelor of Literature degree. He attended New York Law School and received a Bachelor of Laws degree in 1912.
Winne was first elected to the New Jersey General Assembly in 1916 and served for four terms. In 1922 President Warren G. Harding appointed him U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey. His tenure was marked by many controversies over the enforcement of Prohibition in the state. He held the post until 1928, when he returned to private practice.
He was appointed Bergen County Counsel in 1934 and Prosecutor in 1944. In 1950, he was removed from office as Bergen County Prosecutor by Deputy Attorney General of New Jersey Nelson Stamler, who was conducting an investigation into gambling in the county. He was indicted on 19 counts of misconduct in 1951, with the charges alleging that he had failed to crack down on illegal gambling in Bergen County. U.S. Senator Estes Kefauver, who was holding Senate hearings on organized crime, called law enforcement in Bergen County under Winne "a sorry spectacle."
One of Winne's attorneys in the trial was Joseph Weintraub, who would later serve as Chief Justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court. Richard J. Hughes, later Governor of New Jersey, presided as New Jersey Superior Court judge, and ruled in the pretrial phase that there was insufficient evidence to bring Winne to trial. The decision was reversed by the State Supreme Court and Winne was ultimately tried.
In 1954, Winne was found not guilty on 16 counts of the indictment, and the state dropped the remaining counts. He attempted to recoup $34,000 in lost salary for the three years that he was removed from office, but he lost his case in a 5-2 decision by the State Supreme Court.
Winne continued in private legal practice until his retirement in 1963. He died at the age of 83 at the Van Dyke Nursing Home in Montclair, New Jersey and was to be interred at Hackensack Cemetery.
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Ston

The Diocese of Ston (also Diocese of Stagno or Diocese of Sagona) was a Roman Catholic diocese in Croatia, located in the city of Stagno. In 1828 it was suppressed to the Archdiocese of Dubrovnik.

## History

* 800: Established (from Diocese of Ragusa) as Diocese of Ston (Dioecesis Stagnensis)
* 1300: Suppressed (to establish Diocese of Korčula)
* 1541: Restored as Diocese of Ston (from Diocese of Korčula)
* June 30, 1828: Suppressed (to the Archdiocese of Dubrovnik) via the papal bull, Locum Beati Petri, issued by Pope Leo XII on 30 June 1828.
* 1933: Restored as Titular Episcopal See of Ston

## Ordinaries
### Diocese of Ston

* Tommaso Malombra (7 Feb 1463 – 1513 Died)
* Nicolò Niconisi (1513 – 1541 Died)
* Tommaso Cervino, O.P. (2 Dec 1541 – 1551 Resigned)
* Pietro de Gozzo, O.P. (25 Feb 1551 – 1564 Died)
* Boniface of Ragusa, O.F.M. (17 Nov 1564 – 1582 Died)
* Basilio Gradi, O.S.B. (14 Mar 1584 – 1585 Died)
* Crisostomo Arameo, O.S.B. (18 Mar 1585 – 1605 Died)
* Giovanni Battista Giorgi, O.S.B. (14 Aug 1606 – 24 Nov 1608 Died)
* Michael Rezzi (Resti) (28 Sep 1609 – 9 Jul 1614 Appointed, Bishop of Nusco)
* Ambrogio Gozzeo, O.P. (23 Mar 1615 – 13 Jul 1632 Died)
* Ludovico Giamagna, O.P. (24 Nov 1632 – Jul 1634 Died)
* Paolo de Gratiis (9 Jul 1635 – 1652 Died)
* Carlo Giuliani (bishop), O.P. (3 Feb 1653 – 3 Nov 1663 Died)
* Pietro Luccari (23 Jun 1664 – 23 Nov 1679 Died)
* Giacinto Maria Passati, O.P. (13 May 1680 – 8 Aug 1680 Died)
* Agostino Flavio Macedonich, O.F.M. (27 Jan 1681 – 14 Dec 1682 Died)
* Giovanni Battista Natali (bishop), O.P. (15 Nov 1683 – 4 Aug 1687 Died)
* Carlo Olantes, O.P. (31 May 1688 – 10 Nov 1692 Died)
* Giaconto Tuartkovich, O.F.M. (13 Apr 1693 – Jan 1694 Died)
* Alfonso Basilio Ghetaldo, O.S.B. (19 Jul 1694 – 12 Sep 1702 Died)
* Vincenzo Lupi, O.F.M. (4 Jun 1703 – 3 Nov 1709 Died)
* Francesco Volanti (7 May 1710 – 8 Apr 1741 Died)
* Angelo Maria (Jean Luc) Volanti, O.P. (3 Jul 1741 – 25 Jun 1744 Died)
* Hijacint Marija Milković, O.P. (21 Jun 1745 – 20 Mar 1752 Appointed, Archbishop of Dubrovnik)
* Pietro Budmani (17 Jul 1752 – 2 Apr 1772 Died)
* Francesco Maria Sorgo Bobali, O.F.M. (7 Sep 1772 – 29 Jun 1800 Died)
* Antonio Raffaele Dolci, O.P. (20 Oct 1800 – 1807 Died)
# Puteaux station

Puteaux is a railway station in the town Puteaux, Hauts-de-Seine department, in the western suburbs of Paris, France.
The station originally opened on 18 July 1840, as part of the Paris to St Cloud and Versailles railway.
# Galina Marinova (artistic gymnast)

Galina Marinova (Bulgarian: Галина Маринова, born 1 November 1964) is a retired Bulgarian gymnast who competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics.
Marinova started gymnastics at age 8 and became a national champion in 7th grade. She was named as an alternate for the 1979 World Championships and ended up competing, including qualifying for the all-around final, after another gymnast was injured. She also competed in the all-around finals at the 1980 Olympics, where she finished 19th, and at the 1981 World Championships.
After retiring, she opened a gym, All Olympia Gymnastics Center, in Calabasas, California.
# Buscando Pelea

Buscando Pelea is the second album by Venezuelan iconic pop singer Kiara, It was released in 1990. Both "Es El Amor" and "Con Mi Cara Tan Lavada" were big hits also featured in the Telenovela Pasionaria starting Fernando Carrillo and Catherine Fulop.

## Track listing

* "Quiero Un Ángel" (Y. Spampinato, F. Madrigal)
* "Buscando Pelea" (F. Madrigal)
* "De Nuevo Estoy Temblando" (M. Marinangell, F.P. Maddione, F. Madrigal, P. Manavello)
* "Yo Si Yo" (Tonny Cicco, P. Manavello, F. Madrigal)
* "El Acomplejado" (P. Manavello, F. Madrigal)
* "Con Mi Cara Tan Lavada" (P. Manavello, F. Madrigal)
* "Es El Amor" (P. Manavello, F. Madrigal)
* "Que Va Ser De Mi" (P. Manavello, F. Madrigal)
* "Muerdo El Juego" (F. Madrigal)
* "Deseo Eres Tu" (P. Manavello, F. Madrigal)
# Melody Event Center

Melody Event Center, formerly Melody Ballroom, is a historic building in southeast Portland, Oregon's Buckman neighborhood, in the United States. Built in 1925, the structure previously housed the headquarters for the life insurance company Woodmen of the World.

## Concerts

Melody Event Center has hosted several concerts with bands such as Bob Mould and Nirvana.
# Thomas A. Sanders

Thomas A. Sanders (1889-August 4, 1946) was an American politician, lawyer, banker, and real estate developer from Maine. Sanders, a Republican, served one term in the Maine House of Representatives (1923–24). He spent most of his professional career working in real estate. He founded the Federal Loan & Savings Bank in 1915, which was at one time the largest savings and loan association in Maine. His company built two large suburban developments in Portland (Oakwood Heights and Bedford Park).

## Politics

Sanders was active in local and state politics. He served on the Portland City Council for three years as well as on the Board of Aldermen prior to its dissolution. In 1935, he and another real estate developer created maps for the Home Owners' Loan Corporation which identified neighborhoods in Portland and South Portland which had primarily Irish, Jewish, Italian, or Polish residents. These maps were involved in the process known as redlining.
He was a member of the Freemasons from 1918 until his death in 1946.
# David Young III

David Young III (March 1, 1905 – December 17, 1977) was an American politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1941 to 1946 and in the New Jersey Senate from 1947 to 1953. Before his death, he resided in Boonton Township, New Jersey.
# Givira onscura

Givira onscura is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Argentina. This moth was first described in 1924.
# Pavel Markaw

Pavel Markaw (Belarusian: Павел Маркаў; Russian: Павел Марков; born 4 December 1991) is a Belarusian footballer, who plays currently for Lokomotiv Gomel.
# Lucius Atilius (jurist)

Lucius Atilius, of the Atilia gens, was a jurist of ancient Rome, who lived around the 2nd century BCE.
The 2nd century jurist Sextus Pomponius called him "Publius Atilius", and in some manuscripts of Cicero, he is called "Acilius", not "Atilius".
He was among the earliest of the jurisconsults, after Tiberius Coruncanius, who gave public instruction in law, and he was remarkable for his expertise in teaching. He was the first Roman who was called by the people Sapiens ("the Wise"), although, before his time, the jurist Publius Sempronius Sophus (who was consul in 304 BCE) had acquired the cognomen Sophus, less expressive to Latin ears. Sapiens was afterwards a title frequently given to jurists.
He wrote commentaries on the laws of the Twelve Tables.
# Antonio Tartaglione

Antonio Tartaglione (born 21 August 1998) is an Italian football player. He plays for Aglianese as a midfielder.

## Club career
### Pistoiese

On 3 September 2017, Tartaglione made his professional debut for Pistoiese as a starter in a 1–0 home win over Monza, he was replaced by Gregorio Luperini in the 56th minute. On 15 October he scored his first professional goal in the 25th minute of a 2–2 home draw against Lucchese. On 23 October he played his first entire match, a 2–2 away draw against Pontedera. His contract with Pistoiese was dissolved by mutual consent on 30 November 2019.

### Aglianese

On 1 December 2019, he joined Aglianese in Serie D.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 29 May 2018
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Europe | Europe | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | League | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Pistoiese (loan) | 2017–18 | Serie C | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 10 | 1 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 10 | 1 |