# List of countries by planetary pressures–adjusted Human Development Index

This is a list of countries by planetary pressures–adjusted human development index (PHDI), as published by the UNDP in its 2020 Human Development Report. The index captures the HDI of a country adjusted for ecological and environmental factors like carbon dioxide emissions per person and material footprint. According to the PHDI, "The PHDI discounts the HDI for pressures on the planet to reflect a concern for intergenerational inequality, similar to the inequality-adjusted HDI adjustment which is motivated by a concern for intragenerational inequality."
The 2021/2022 report published 2023 reveals significant changes in performance, and positioning, of some countries (for example: Iceland and Ireland), with no formal documentation to explain or analyze these results. Unlike other indices, media coverage for these results was not available.

## Methodology

The index captures the HDI of a country, after adjusting for its carbon dioxide emissions per person and material footprint per person. Without any carbon emissions and material footprint, the HDI and PHDI would be equal; the greater these factors are, the greater the difference between the two.

## List

The table below ranks countries according to their planetary pressures–adjusted human development index (PHDI). Data is based on 2019 estimates.

### 2021/2022 and 2019 planetary pressures–adjusted HDI (PHDI) (2020, 2021/2022 reports)

| Rank 2019 | Rank 2021/ 2022 | Country | 2021/2022 Report | 2021/2022 Report | 2021/2022 Report | 2019 estimates (2020 report) | 2019 estimates (2020 report) | 2019 estimates (2020 report) |
| Rank 2019 | Rank 2021/ 2022 | Country | HDI | PHDI | Overall loss (%) | PHDI | HDI | Overall loss (%) |
| Very high human development |||||||||
| 1 | 65 | Ireland | 0.945 | 0.682 | 27.8 | 0.833 | 0.955 | 12.8 |
| 2 | 8 | Switzerland | 0.962 | 0.796 | 17.3 | 0.825 | 0.955 | 13.6 |
| 2 | 1 | United Kingdom | 0.929 | 0.819 | 11.8 | 0.825 | 0.932 | 11.5 |
| 4 | 5 | Denmark | 0.948 | 0.803 | 15.3 | 0.824 | 0.940 | 12.3 |
| 5 | 5 | Sweden | 0.947 | 0.803 | 15.2 | 0.817 | 0.945 | 13.5 |
| 6 | 4 | Germany | 0.942 | 0.804 | 14.6 | 0.814 | 0.947 | 14.0 |
| 7 | 18 | New Zealand | 0.937 | 0.756 | 19.3 | 0.808 | 0.931 | 13.2 |
| 8 | 7 | France | 0.903 | 0.803 | 11.1 | 0.801 | 0.901 | 11.1 |
| 9 | 29 | Belgium | 0.937 | 0.742 | 20.8 | 0.800 | 0.931 | 14.1 |
| 9 | 13 | Slovenia | 0.918 | 0.769 | 16.2 | 0.800 | 0.917 | 12.8 |
| High human development |||||||||
| 11 | 28 | Israel | 0.919 | 0.744 | 19.0 | 0.797 | 0.919 | 13.3 |
| 12 | 27 | Netherlands | 0.941 | 0.745 | 20.8 | 0.794 | 0.944 | 15.9 |
| 12 | 43 | Malta | 0.918 | 0.720 | 21.6 | 0.794 | 0.895 | 11.3 |
| 14 | 3 | Italy | 0.895 | 0.813 | 9.2 | 0.792 | 0.892 | 11.2 |
| 15 | 1 | Spain | 0.905 | 0.819 | 9.5 | 0.783 | 0.904 | 12.1 |
| 16 | 22 | Belarus | 0.808 | 0.751 | 7.1 | 0.781 | 0.823 | 5.1 |
| 16 | 36 | Norway | 0.961 | 0.734 | 23.6 | 0.781 | 0.957 | 18.4 |
| 16 | 9 | Japan | 0.925 | 0.792 | 14.4 | 0.781 | 0.919 | 15.0 |
| 16 | 19 | Hungary | 0.846 | 0.755 | 10.8 | 0.781 | 0.854 | 8.5 |
| 20 | 9 | Portugal | 0.866 | 0.792 | 8.5 | 0.780 | 0.850 | 9.7 |
| 21 | 15 | Croatia | 0.858 | 0.764 | 11.0 | 0.779 | 0.851 | 8.5 |
| 21 | 26 | Costa Rica | 0.809 | 0.746 | 7.8 | 0.779 | 0.810 | 3.8 |
| 23 | 17 | Argentina | 0.842 | 0.759 | 9.9 | 0.778 | 0.845 | 7.9 |
| 23 | 31 | Panama | 0.805 | 0.740 | 8.1 | 0.778 | 0.815 | 4.5 |
| 25 | 45 | Latvia | 0.863 | 0.716 | 17.0 | 0.777 | 0.866 | 10.3 |
| 26 | 12 | Chile | 0.855 | 0.775 | 9.4 | 0.774 | 0.851 | 9.0 |
| 27 | 23 | Georgia | 0.802 | 0.749 | 6.6 | 0.772 | 0.812 | 4.9 |
| 28 | 14 | Austria | 0.916 | 0.766 | 16.4 | 0.771 | 0.922 | 16.4 |
| 29 | 38 | Finland | 0.940 | 0.731 | 22.2 | 0.770 | 0.938 | 17.9 |
| 30 | 94 | Iceland | 0.959 | 0.633 | 34.0 | 0.768 | 0.949 | 19.1 |
| 30 | 24 | Czech Republic | 0.889 | 0.748 | 15.9 | 0.768 | 0.900 | 14.7 |
| 30 | 9 | Greece | 0.887 | 0.792 | 10.7 | 0.768 | 0.888 | 13.5 |
| 33 | 49 | Cyprus | 0.896 | 0.708 | 21.0 | 0.767 | 0.887 | 13.5 |
| 34 | 16 | Sri Lanka | 0.782 | 0.761 | 2.7 | 0.765 | 0.782 | 2.2 |
| 35 | 33 | Romania | 0.821 | 0.738 | 10.1 | 0.760 | 0.828 | 8.2 |
| 36 | | Barbados | | | | 0.758 | 0.814 | 6.9 |
| 37 | 32 | Albania | 0.796 | 0.739 | 7.2 | 0.756 | 0.795 | 4.9 |
| 38 | 20 | Poland | 0.876 | 0.753 | 14.0 | 0.752 | 0.880 | 14.5 |
| 39 | 40 | Cuba | 0.764 | 0.721 | 5.6 | 0.749 | 0.783 | 4.3 |
| 40 | 21 | South Korea | 0.925 | 0.752 | 18.7 | 0.746 | 0.916 | 18.6 |
| 40 | 67 | Lithuania | 0.875 | 0.679 | 22.4 | 0.746 | 0.882 | 15.4 |
| 40 | 30 | Turkey | 0.838 | 0.741 | 11.6 | 0.746 | 0.820 | 9.0 |
| 43 | 49 | Bulgaria | 0.795 | 0.708 | 10.9 | 0.745 | 0.816 | 8.7 |
| 43 | 39 | Armenia | 0.759 | 0.727 | 4.2 | 0.745 | 0.776 | 4.0 |
| 45 | 40 | Peru | 0.762 | 0.721 | 5.4 | 0.743 | 0.777 | 4.4 |
| 46 | | Montenegro | | | | 0.738 | 0.829 | 11.0 |
| 47 | 24 | Moldova | 0.767 | 0.748 | 2.5 | 0.734 | 0.750 | 2.1 |
| 48 | 93 | Bahamas | 0.812 | 0.634 | 21.9 | 0.733 | 0.814 | 10.0 |
| 48 | 52 | Mexico | 0.758 | 0.704 | 7.1 | 0.733 | 0.779 | 5.9 |
| 50 | 46 | Serbia | 0.802 | 0.715 | 10.8 | 0.732 | 0.806 | 9.2 |
| 51 | 47 | Colombia | 0.752 | 0.711 | 5.5 | 0.729 | 0.767 | 5.0 |
| 52 | 40 | Russia | 0.822 | 0.721 | 12.3 | 0.728 | 0.824 | 11.7 |
| 53 | | Mauritius | | | | 0.727 | 0.804 | 9.6 |
| 53 | 44 | Dominican Republic | 0.767 | 0.719 | 6.3 | 0.727 | 0.756 | 3.8 |
| 55 | 60 | Canada | 0.936 | 0.687 | 26.6 | 0.721 | 0.929 | 22.4 |
| 55 | 60 | Algeria | 0.745 | 0.687 | 7.8 | 0.721 | 0.748 | 3.6 |
| 57 | 33 | Slovakia | 0.848 | 0.738 | 13.0 | 0.720 | 0.860 | 16.3 |
| 57 | 54 | Ukraine | 0.773 | 0.703 | 9.1 | 0.720 | 0.779 | 7.6 |
| 57 | 51 | North Macedonia | 0.770 | 0.707 | 8.2 | 0.720 | 0.774 | 7.0 |
| 57 | 58 | Azerbaijan | 0.745 | 0.688 | 7.7 | 0.720 | 0.756 | 4.8 |
| 61 | 55 | United States | 0.921 | 0.698 | 24.2 | 0.718 | 0.926 | 22.5 |
| 61 | 57 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.780 | 0.691 | 11.4 | 0.718 | 0.780 | 7.9 |
| 61 | 52 | Ecuador | 0.740 | 0.704 | 4.9 | 0.718 | 0.759 | 5.4 |
| 64 | 35 | Thailand | 0.800 | 0.735 | 8.1 | 0.716 | 0.777 | 7.9 |
| 65 | | Antigua and Barbuda | | | | 0.713 | 0.778 | 8.4 |
| 65 | | Fiji | | | | 0.713 | 0.743 | 4.0 |
| 67 | 63 | Estonia | 0.890 | 0.684 | 23.1 | 0.711 | 0.882 | 20.3 |
| 68 | 60 | Tunisia | 0.731 | 0.687 | 6.0 | 0.710 | 0.740 | 4.1 |
| 68 | 69 | Brazil | 0.754 | 0.731 | 10.3 | 0.710 | 0.765 | 7.2 |
| 70 | 90 | Saudi Arabia | 0.875 | 0.638 | 27.1 | 0.707 | 0.854 | 17.2 |
| 71 | 48 | Oman | 0.816 | 0.710 | 13.0 | 0.704 | 0.813 | 13.4 |
| 71 | 37 | Uruguay | 0.809 | 0.733 | 9.4 | 0.704 | 0.817 | 13.8 |
| 73 | 73 | Philippines | 0.699 | 0.664 | 5.0 | 0.701 | 0.718 | 2.4 |
| 74 | 64 | Jordan | 0.720 | 0.683 | 5.1 | 0.700 | 0.729 | 4.0 |
| 74 | 74 | Jamaica | 0.709 | 0.663 | 6.5 | 0.700 | 0.734 | 4.6 |
| Medium human development |||||||||
| 76 | 66 | Malaysia | 0.803 | 0.681 | 15.2 | 0.699 | 0.810 | 13.7 |
| 76 | | Seychelles | | | | 0.699 | 0.796 | 12.2 |
| 78 | 68 | Iran | 0.774 | 0.677 | 12.5 | 0.698 | 0.783 | 10.9 |
| 79 | 91 | Australia | 0.951 | 0.637 | 33.0 | 0.696 | 0.944 | 26.3 |
| 80 | 84 | Bolivia | 0.692 | 0.647 | 6.5 | 0.695 | 0.718 | 3.2 |
| 81 | 84 | Bahrain | 0.875 | 0.647 | 26.1 | 0.691 | 0.852 | 18.9 |
| 81 | 70 | Indonesia | 0.705 | 0.672 | 4.7 | 0.691 | 0.718 | 3.8 |
| 81 | 58 | Uzbekistan | 0.727 | 0.688 | 5.4 | 0.691 | 0.720 | 4.0 |
| 84 | | Samoa | | | | 0.690 | 0.715 | 3.5 |
| 84 | 91 | Belize | 0.683 | 0.637 | 6.7 | 0.690 | 0.716 | 3.6 |
| 86 | | Maldives | | | | 0.689 | 0.740 | 6.9 |
| 87 | 87 | Lebanon | 0.706 | 0.646 | 8.5 | 0.688 | 0.744 | 7.5 |
| 88 | | Suriname | | | | 0.687 | 0.738 | 6.9 |
| 89 | 81 | Paraguay | 0.717 | 0.648 | 9.6 | 0.686 | 0.728 | 5.8 |
| 90 | 56 | Egypt | 0.731 | 0.692 | 5.3 | 0.684 | 0.707 | 3.3 |
| – | | World | 0.732 | 0.667 | 8.9 | 0.683 | 0.731 | 7.3 |
| 92 | 71 | Gabon | 0.706 | 0.666 | 5.7 | 0.680 | 0.703 | 3.3 |
| 93 | 97 | Libya | 0.718 | 0.626 | 12.8 | 0.673 | 0.724 | 7.0 |
| 94 | 103 | Kazakhstan | 0.811 | 0.590 | 27.3 | 0.672 | 0.825 | 18.5 |
| 94 | 155 | Brunei | 0.829 | 0.358 | 56.8 | 0.672 | 0.838 | 19.8 |
| 96 | 81 | China | 0.768 | 0.648 | 15.6 | 0.671 | 0.761 | 11.8 |
| 97 | 88 | Venezuela | 0.691 | 0.645 | 6.7 | 0.670 | 0.711 | 5.8 |
| 98 | 77 | Kyrgyzstan | 0.692 | 0.658 | 4.9 | 0.669 | 0.697 | 4.0 |
| 99 | 78 | Morocco | 0.683 | 0.652 | 4.5 | 0.668 | 0.686 | 2.6 |
| 100 | 75 | Vietnam | 0.709 | 0.663 | 6.5 | 0.664 | 0.704 | 5.7 |
| 101 | 115 | Mongolia | 0.739 | 0.557 | 24.6 | 0.657 | 0.737 | 10.9 |
| 101 | 75 | Tajikistan | 0.685 | 0.662 | 3.4 | 0.657 | 0.668 | 1.6 |
| 103 | 72 | Singapore | 0.939 | 0.665 | 29.2 | 0.656 | 0.938 | 30.1 |
| 104 | 78 | El Salvador | 0.675 | 0.652 | 3.4 | 0.654 | 0.673 | 2.8 |
| 105 | 101 | Guatemala | 0.627 | 0.601 | 4.1 | 0.650 | 0.663 | 2.0 |
| 106 | 81 | South Africa | 0.713 | 0.648 | 9.1 | 0.648 | 0.709 | 8.6 |
| 107 | 84 | Nicaragua | 0.667 | 0.647 | 3.0 | 0.647 | 0.660 | 2.0 |
| 108 | 98 | Iraq | 0.686 | 0.622 | 9.3 | 0.642 | 0.674 | 4.7 |
| 109 | | Cape Verde | | | | 0.641 | 0.665 | 3.6 |
| 110 | 94 | Botswana | 0.693 | 0.633 | 8.7 | 0.637 | 0.735 | 13.3 |
| 111 | 100 | India | 0.633 | 0.609 | 3.8 | 0.626 | 0.645 | 2.9 |
| 112 | 80 | Bangladesh | 0.661 | 0.649 | 1.8 | 0.625 | 0.632 | 1.1 |
| 113 | 117 | Bhutan | 0.666 | 0.553 | 17.0 | 0.624 | 0.654 | 4.6 |
| 114 | 102 | Honduras | 0.621 | 0.599 | 3.5 | 0.621 | 0.634 | 2.1 |
| 114 | 108 | Namibia | 0.615 | 0.574 | 6.7 | 0.621 | 0.646 | 3.9 |
| 116 | | São Tomé and Príncipe | | | | 0.610 | 0.625 | 2.4 |
| 117 | 129 | United Arab Emirates | 0.911 | 0.518 | 43.1 | 0.609 | 0.890 | 31.6 |
| 118 | | Trinidad and Tobago | | | | 0.603 | 0.796 | 24.2 |
| 119 | 99 | Ghana | 0.632 | 0.618 | 2.2 | 0.601 | 0.611 | 1.6 |
| 120 | 96 | Turkmenistan | 0.745 | 0.632 | 15.2 | 0.595 | 0.715 | 16.8 |
| 120 | 105 | Nepal | 0.602 | 0.584 | 3.0 | 0.595 | 0.602 | 1.2 |
| 122 | 113 | Kenya | 0.575 | 0.561 | 2.4 | 0.594 | 0.601 | 1.2 |
| 123 | | Vanuatu | | | | 0.592 | 0.609 | 2.8 |
| 124 | | Eswatini | | | | 0.587 | 0.611 | 3.9 |
| 125 | 114 | Laos | 0.607 | 0.559 | 7.9 | 0.586 | 0.613 | 4.4 |
| 126 | 109 | Cambodia | 0.593 | 0.573 | 3.4 | 0.584 | 0.594 | 1.7 |
| 127 | 135 | Qatar | 0.855 | 0.491 | 42.6 | 0.581 | 0.848 | 31.5 |
| 128 | 106 | Myanmar | 0.585 | 0.577 | 1.4 | 0.578 | 0.583 | 0.9 |
| 129 | 115 | Zambia | 0.565 | 0.557 | 1.4 | | 0.584 | 1.4 |
| 130 | 106 | Angola | 0.586 | 0.577 | 1.5 | 0.570 | 0.581 | 1.9 |
| 131 | 112 | Rep. of the Congo | 0.571 | 0.564 | 1.2 | 0.567 | 0.574 | 1.2 |
| 132 | 104 | Zimbabwe | 0.593 | 0.587 | 1.0 | 0.562 | 0.571 | 1.6 |
| 133 | 110 | Cameroon | 0.576 | 0.569 | 1.2 | 0.558 | 0.563 | 0.9 |
| 134 | 111 | Syria | 0.577 | 0.565 | 2.1 | 0.554 | 0.567 | 2.3 |
| Low human development |||||||||
| 135 | 145 | Kuwait | 0.831 | 0.452 | 45.6 | 0.547 | 0.806 | 32.1 |
| 135 | 119 | Papua New Guinea | 0.558 | 0.541 | 3.0 | 0.547 | 0.555 | 1.4 |
| 135 | 122 | Pakistan | 0.544 | 0.531 | 2.4 | 0.547 | 0.557 | 1.8 |
| 138 | 127 | Uganda | 0.525 | 0.520 | 1.0 | 0.539 | 0.544 | 0.9 |
| 138 | 121 | Mauritania | 0.556 | 0.533 | 4.1 | 0.539 | 0.546 | 1.3 |
| 140 | 123 | Rwanda | 0.534 | 0.529 | 0.9 | 0.537 | 0.543 | 1.1 |
| 141 | 120 | Côte d'Ivoire | 0.550 | 0.540 | 1.8 | 0.535 | 0.538 | 0.6 |
| 141 | 130 | Benin | 0.525 | 0.515 | 1.9 | 0.535 | 0.520 | 1.8 |
| 143 | 126 | Nigeria | 0.535 | 0.524 | 2.1 | 0.532 | 0.539 | 1.3 |
| 144 | 118 | Tanzania | 0.549 | 0.544 | 0.9 | 0.526 | 0.528 | 0.6 |
| 145 | 133 | Madagascar | 0.501 | 0.497 | 0.8 | 0.526 | 0.528 | 0.4 |
| 146 | 143 | Djibouti | 0.509 | 0.470 | 7.7 | 0.518 | 0.524 | 1.1 |
| 147 | 124 | Togo | 0.539 | 0.528 | 2.0 | 0.509 | 0.515 | 1.2 |
| 148 | 139 | Afghanistan | 0.478 | 0.474 | 0.8 | 0.508 | 0.511 | 0.6 |
| 149 | 124 | Haiti | 0.535 | 0.528 | 1.3 | 0.507 | 0.510 | 0.6 |
| 150 | 132 | Senegal | 0.511 | 0.499 | 2.3 | 0.505 | 0.512 | 1.4 |
| 151 | | Lesotho | | | | 0.503 | 0.527 | 4.6 |
| 152 | 138 | Sudan | 0.508 | 0.480 | 5.5 | 0.500 | 0.510 | 2.0 |
| 153 | 88 | Luxembourg | 0.930 | 0.645 | 30.6 | 0.495 | 0.916 | 46.0 |
| 154 | 136 | Gambia | 0.500 | 0.490 | 2.0 | 0.491 | 0.496 | 1.0 |
| 155 | 134 | Ethiopia | 0.498 | 0.496 | 0.4 | 0.483 | 0.485 | 0.4 |
| 156 | 131 | Malawi | 0.512 | 0.508 | 0.8 | 0.481 | 0.483 | 0.4 |
| 157 | 141 | Dem. Rep. of the Congo | 0.479 | 0.473 | 1.3 | 0.477 | 0.480 | 0.6 |
| 158 | 139 | Liberia | 0.481 | 0.474 | 1.5 | 0.476 | 0.480 | 0.8 |
| 159 | 144 | Guinea | 0.465 | 0.454 | 2.4 | 0.473 | 0.477 | 0.8 |
| 160 | 146 | Yemen | 0.455 | 0.448 | 1.5 | 0.467 | 0.470 | 0.6 |
| 161 | 148 | Mozambique | 0.446 | 0.441 | 1.1 | 0.456 | 0.452 | 0.9 |
| 162 | 137 | Eritrea | 0.492 | 0.483 | 1.8 | 0.449 | 0.459 | 2.2 |
| 163 | 147 | Burkina Faso | 0.449 | 0.442 | 1.6 | 0.446 | 0.452 | 1.3 |
| 164 | 142 | Sierra Leone | 0.477 | 0.472 | 1.0 | 0.442 | 0.452 | 2.2 |
| 165 | 149 | Burundi | 0.426 | 0.422 | 0.9 | 0.431 | 0.433 | 0.5 |
| 166 | 154 | South Sudan | 0.385 | 0.376 | 2.3 | 0.430 | 0.433 | 0.7 |
| 167 | 150 | Mali | 0.428 | 0.418 | 2.3 | 0.427 | 0.434 | 1.6 |
| 168 | 153 | Chad | 0.394 | 0.379 | 3.8 | 0.396 | 0.398 | 0.5 |
| 169 | 151 | Central African Republic | 0.404 | 0.401 | 0.7 | 0.393 | 0.397 | 1.0 |
| 170 | 152 | Niger | 0.400 | 0.392 | 2.0 | 0.390 | 0.394 | 1.0 |