OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Trams in Copenhagen

The Copenhagen tram system was a tramway network in service from 22 October 1863 - 22 April 1972 in and around Copenhagen, Denmark. The first lines were horse-drawn trams which were replaced in the 1880s by steam-powered tramways. In the 1890s electrical trams were introduced. The trams were operated by a number of private companies until 1911 when the city took over the operation of most of the system, followed by a full take-over some years later.
The system was closed on April 22, 1972, at a time when streetcar systems across Europe and North America were being closed because they were not seen as a modern transportation solution and they were largely replaced by buses and private cars. Copenhagen also had an expanding commuter rail service, the S-train, which had expanded greatly over the preceding decades.
Teddy Østerlin Koch has since argued that the removal of the trams was a mistake, as modernised trams were more economical than reported in the city's evaluations of the time, and that an updated tram system would have been cheaper, more timely, better for the environment, and more effective at transporting large volumes of passengers than the solutions eventually implemented: building a Copenhagen metro (opened 30 years after closure of tram system) and expanding the bus network.
A few Historical Tram units were preserved and can be viewed at various danish museums.

## Future developments

After a 40-year absence, plans are now underway to build a new light rail line in Copenhagen between Lundtofte and Ishøj, scheduled for completion by 2025.
# Lawrence Stumbaugh

Lawrence Stumbaugh (born August 24, 1940) is an American politician. He served as a Democratic member for the 55th district of the Georgia State Senate.

## Life and career

Stumbaugh was born in Escambia County, Florida. He attended Lipscomb University.
In 1975, Stumbaugh was elected to represent the 55th district of the Georgia State Senate. He served until the 1990s.
# Bernice Williams

Bernice Williams is an American songwriter and music business manager, who wrote the 1960s song "Duke of Earl" along with Gene Chandler and Earl Edwards. The song was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2002 and is in The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as one of the 500 songs that shaped rock and roll. In the 1960s, she wrote three Billboard Hot 100 hit songs.
Passing in 2013, she leaves behind 2 adult daughters in Chicago.

## Career

Chandler was discovered by Williams. Under her professional guidance, Chandler was introduced to agent Bill Sheppard, and Sheppard found a slot for Chandler as the lead singer with a doo-wop group called the Dukays. Their track, "Night Owl" (also known as "Nite Owl"), was released on Nat Records, and it entered the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 73 in February 1962. "Duke of Earl" appeared as a single in November 1961, with a song called "Kissin' In The Kitchen" (also written by Bernice Williams) on the B-side. "Duke of Earl" was a major hit, with one million copies sold by the end of the calendar year; the song topped both the U.S. pop and R&B charts in February 1962.
Williams was also responsible for the discovery of The Starlets, an American girl group from Chicago, Illinois. The group came together in 1961, and auditioned for Williams. She wrote them "Better Tell Him No", which was released on Pam Records that year. The record peaked at number 38 on the Billboard Hot 100.
Tiny Topsy was believed to be an alias used by Williams (who wrote Tiny Topsy's track, "Western Rock 'N' Roll") for some time, although pop historians now discount the idea.
Williams has written over 200 songs.
# Bożanka, Wejherowo County

Bożanka is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Szemud, within Wejherowo County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) east of Szemud, 16 km (10 mi) south of Wejherowo, and 24 km (15 mi) north-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Mouna Jlezi

Mouna Jlezi (born 22 June 1991) is a Tunisian handball player for Romanian club HCM Slobozia and the Tunisian national team.
She participated at the 2015 World Women's Handball Championship.
# Penha

Penha (Portuguese pronunciation:, meaning cliff in the Portuguese language) may refer to:

## Places
### In Brazil

* Penha, Santa Catarina, a municipality in Santa Catarina, Brazil
* Penha, Rio de Janeiro, a neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
* Penha Circular, a neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
* Subprefecture of Penha, São Paulo, Brazil
* Penha (district of São Paulo), Brazil

### In China

* Penha Hill, a hill in Macau, China
** Our Lady of Penha Chapel, Macau, a historic chapel on the hill.

### In India

* Penha de França, Goa, a town in Bardez, Goa, India

### In Portugal

* Monte da Penha, a peak in the city of Guimarães, Portugal
* Penha de França, a parish in the city of Lisbon, Portugal

## Other uses

* Penha Cable Car, a gondola lift in the city of Guimarães, Portugal
* Penha Convent in Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
* Penha (São Paulo Metro)
* Penha Bus Company
# Borkowo Łostowickie

Borkowo Łostowickie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pruszcz Gdański, within Gdańsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-west of Pruszcz Gdański and 8 km (5 mi) south of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Siege of Menin (1706)

The siege of Menin (1706) was a siege by the Allies against the French during the War of the Spanish Succession.

## Siege

In the wake of the Allied victory over the French at the Battle of Ramillies on 23 May 1706, many cities across the Spanish Netherlands rapidly surrendered to the Duke of Marlborough's victorious forces. On 17 June, Kortrijk was occupied, just 11 Kilometer from the French border.
Menin had been occupied by the French since 1678 and turned into a formidable fortress by Vauban. The fortress was manned by some 5,000 French soldiers under command of general de Caraman and military governor Louis d'Etendart, Marquis de Bully.
Marlborough detached Dutch and British forces and gave the command to Ernst Wilhelm von Salisch, a Silesian general in Dutch service. Marlborough had originally appointed Englishman Holcroft Blood as the engineer to manage the siege. However, the Dutch could not stomach this as they shouldered the bulk of the expenses for the siege. The Dutch dismissed Blood and instead appointed Guillaume le Vasseur des Rocques and Lucas de Mée to manage the siege.
On 18 July, the enemy was chased from the Counterscarp at a high cost. The next weeks, trenches were dug to the left and the right of the city towards the wall, while the city was constantly bombed. The wall was breached in the morning of 21 August, after which the French commanders asked to negotiate.
The next day, the capitulation was signed, allowing the remaining French troops to leave the city with their arms and flags, and march to Lille and Douai in France. Caraman honoured the Dutch artillerymen and remarked that they were the best in the world.
The damage to the city was enormous. The Sint-Vedastus church, the town hall and the monasteries of the Benedictines and the Capuchins lay in ruins. The Belfort was also partly destroyed. In the fortress the Allies recovered some of the guns they had lost at the Battle of Landen in the previous war.
# Kyle Chayka

Kyle Chayka (born 1988 or 1989) is an American journalist and cultural critic.

## Early life and education

Chayka grew up in New Milford, Connecticut, graduating from New Milford High School in 2006. As a teenager, he published a blog entitled "Verbal Diarrhea" and played the role-playing game Ragnarok Online.
He studied art history and international relations at Tufts University, editing The Tufts Daily and earning a Bachelor of Arts in 2010.

## Career

Chayka was the first staff writer of the arts magazine Hyperallergic, becoming a senior editor for the publication in 2012.
In 2015, Chayka and P.E. Moskowitz founded Study Hall, a publication and community for media workers.
As a freelance journalist, Chayka covered art and aesthetics. In a 2016 essay for The Verge, he coined the term "AirSpace" to describe the prevalence of "sameness" across cafes and offices around the world.
In 2021, he became a staff writer for The New Yorker, where he writes the "Infinite Scroll" column on digital culture.

## Personal life

Chayka is married to The New York Times politics reporter Jess Bidgood, whom he met at Tufts. They live in Washington, D.C. with their Plott hound, Rhubarb.
# George T. Warren II

George T. Warren II (born May 18, 1937) is an American politician. He served as a Republican member for the 43rd district of the Georgia State Senate.

## Life and career

Warren was born in DeKalb County, Georgia. He attended Georgia State University.
Warren was a real estate and insurance broker.
Warren served in the Georgia State Senate from 1973 to 1976, representing the 43rd district.
# Jarrod Wilson

Jarrod Wilson (born February 9, 1994) is an American professional football player who is a free agent safety. He was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Jacksonville Jaguars after the 2016 NFL draft. He played college football at Michigan.

## Professional career
### Jacksonville Jaguars

On April 30, 2016, the Jacksonville Jaguars signed Wilson to a three-year, $1.62 million contract that includes a signing bonus of $5,000 as an undrafted free agent. Throughout training camp, Wilson competed for a roster spot as a backup safety against James Sample and Josh Evans.
He made the team's 53-man roster on September 3, 2016. He played in all 16 games recording eight tackles.
In 2018, Wilson played in all 16 games primarily on special teams and as a backup safety. He made his first career start at strong safety in Week 16 against the Miami Dolphins. He finished the season with 21 tackles, two passes defensed, and a forced fumble.
On January 19, 2019, Wilson signed a three-year contract extension with the Jaguars through the 2021 season.
On September 14, 2020, Wilson was placed on injured reserve with a hamstring injury. He was activated on October 10, 2020.
On August 31, 2021, Wilson was released by the Jaguars.

### New York Jets

On September 6, 2021, Wilson was signed to the practice squad of the New York Jets. He was promoted to the active roster on September 14. Wilson was released on October 7, and was re-signed to the practice squad that same day. He was promoted to the active roster on October 26, but was released four days later. Wilson was re-signed to the active roster on November 2. On December 7, 2021, Wilson was released.

### San Francisco 49ers

On December 9, 2021, Wilson was signed to the San Francisco 49ers practice squad. He was promoted to the active roster on December 23. He was waived on January 25, 2022, and re-signed to the practice squad.

### New York Giants

On August 1, 2022, the New York Giants signed Wilson. On August 14, 2022, Wilson was waived.
# Mavoko Constituency

Members of Parliament :
| 2013 | Patrick Makau Kingola | Wiper |
| 2017 | Patrick Makau Kingola | Wiper |
| 2022 | Patrick Makau Kingola | Wiper |
Mavoko Constituency is a constituency in Kenya. It is one of eight constituencies in Machakos County., formerly part of Kathiani constituency upto 2013. Mavoko is the most industrialized constituency in Kenya, hosting six cement companies (Savannah Cement, Portland Cement, Bamburi Cement, Mombasa Cement, Simba Cement, and Athi River Mining) and the whole of EPZ with over 30 industries. It is also home to several steel industries including Devki Steel Mills, and tens of industries manufacturing construction products such as floor tiles and roofing materials. More than 20 fast moving consumer goods industries are located in Mavoko, including Wrigleys. Kenya Meat Commission, Meat Training Institute, Daystar University, the National Call Center for Safaricom Inc, and Nation Media Group newspaper printing plant are also located in Mavoko. Some of the towns in the constituency include parts of Utawala, Athi River, Mlolongo, Kamulu, Joska, Malaa, and Kyumbi (Machakos Junction).
# Allium validum

Allium validum is a species of flowering plant commonly called swamp onion, wild onion, Pacific onion, or Pacific mountain onion. It is native to the Cascade Range, the Sierra Nevada, the Rocky Mountains, and other high-elevation regions in California, Oregon, Washington, Nevada, Idaho and British Columbia. It is a perennial herb and grows in swampy meadows at medium and high elevations.

## Taxonomy and morphology

The Allium validum bulb is three to five centimeters long, ovoid and clustered on the short end. The outer coat of the stout rhizome is brown or gray in color, fibrous, and vertically lined. The stem is 50 to 100 centimeters long and angled. There are three to six leaves more or less equal to the stem and the leaves are flat or more or less keeled. There are 15 to 40 flowers with pedicels being seven to twelve millimeters in length. The flower itself is six to ten millimeters, its perianth parts are more or less erect, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, and are a rose to white color. The stamens are longer than the tepals, and there is no ovary crest.

## Ecology

This is a common plant in California, often found in wet meadows at elevations of 1,200 to 3,400 meters (3,900 to 11,200 ft). A. validum prefers sandy and loamy soils and requires well-drained soil. The plant will grow in acid, basic, or alkaline soils, but only in areas with plenty of moisture and sun.

## Ethnobotany

The bulb A. validum can be used as a flavoring for soups and stews although it is somewhat fibrous. The leaves can be eaten raw or cooked and the flowers can be used as garnish on salads.

### Plant toxin insecticide

It can also be used as a moth repellent. The whole plant is said to repel insects and moles.
# Rakia Rezgui

Rakia Rezgui (born 26 August 1996) is a Tunisian handball player for Club Africain and the Tunisian national team.
She participated at the 2015 World Women's Handball Championship.
# Thomas Atcitty

Thomas Atcitty (November 1, 1933 – October 11, 2020) was an American politician and educator who served in the New Mexico House of Representatives as a member of the Democratic Party, 2nd Vice President of the Navajo Nation, and briefly served as the 3rd President of the Navajo Nation. He was a member of the Navajo Nation.

## Early life

Thomas Atcitty was born on November 1, 1933 in Shiprock. Atcitty graduated from Navajo Mission High School in 1954, and attended Taylor University, the University of Colorado, and Gannon University. He served in the United States Marine Corps.

## Career
### Education

Atcitty served as the vice-president of the Navajo Community College during the 1970s after starting to work at the college in 1969. On October 16, 1972, President Ned Hatathli died when he shot himself while cleaning his rifle causing Atcitty to become acting president. Atcitty was selected to replace Hatathli on December 4, and later became the official third president of the college on February 8, 1973. He served as president of the college until his resignation made effective March 1, 1977.

### Politics

Atcitty was elected to the New Mexico House of Representatives from the 4th district as a member of the Democratic Party and served until his resignation in January 1995. During his tenure in the New Mexico House of Representatives he served as the chairman of the Consumer and Public Affairs committee. Atcitty also served as the co-chairman of the Democratic caucus in the House of Representatives alongside Felix Nunez.
Atcitty served as Albert Hale's vice-presidential running mate during the 1994 Navajo Nation presidential election and they won defeating incumbent President Peterson Zah. He resigned from the House of Representatives to become the Vice President of the Navajo Nation. During his vice-presidency he sought the pardon of Peter MacDonald by President Bill Clinton. On February 18, 1998, President Hale resigned to avoid criminal prosecution causing Atcitty to become President of the Navajo Nation, but he only served until he was removed by the Navajo Nation Council on July 23, 1998, for violating ethic codes. During his tenure as president he was given the Medgar Evers Award by the NAACP.

## Death

Atcitty died from natural causes on October 11, 2020, at age 86.
# Borowiec, Gmina Sulęczyno

Borowiec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sulęczyno, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) east of Sulęczyno, 24 km (15 mi) south-west of Kartuzy, and 51 km (32 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Paragrapsus

Paragrapsus is a genus of crabs from South Eastern Australia, containing the following species:
* Paragrapsus gaimardii (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837)
* Paragrapsus laevis (Dana, 1851)
* Paragrapsus quadridentatus (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837)
* Paragrapsus urvillei H. Milne-Edwards, 1853 was later referred to as part of the genus Helice by Tesch in 1918, but is listed as the accepted name by others.
# Nicholas Poyntz

Sir Nicholas Poyntz (1510—circa 28 November 1556) was a prominent English courtier during the latter part of Henry VIII's reign. There is a portrait drawing by Hans Holbein the Younger in the Royal Collection and an oil portrait after the same artist based on the drawing in the National Portrait Gallery, London. One further portrait also exists after Holbein.

## Life

He was the eldest son of Sir Anthony Poyntz (1480?–1532), vice-admiral, and his first wife Elizabeth Huddefield. His uncle was John Poyntz.
On Saturday 21 August 1535, Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn visited Nicholas Poyntz at Acton Court, Iron Acton, Gloucestershire. Poyntz had built a special new lodging for his royal guests which still survives. It contained three first-floor state rooms and one of these still has painted decorations by an artist of the Tudor court. These staterooms connected to the older house by a covered walkway called a 'pentice.' Archaeological excavations found fragments of precious Venetian glass and maiolica which Nicholas probably bought for the visit. The evidence of lengthy preparations by Nicholas at Acton shows that Henry's progress in the west of England was planned in advance.
In 1539 and 1545 he served as High Sheriff of Gloucestershire and in 1547 represented Gloucestershire in Parliament as a Knight of the Shire.
Between 1544 and 1556 Poyntz built as a hunting lodge Newark Park, near the village of Ozleworth, Wotton-under-Edge, Gloucestershire. This was built at about the same time as nearby Siston Court was being built by Sir Maurice Denys (d.1563), first cousin of Poyntz's wife Jane Berkeley. He was elected MP for Cricklade in 1555.
During the war of the Rough Wooing with Scotland (1543–1550), Poyntz commanded the warship the Great Galley. In May 1544, the Earl of Hertford sent him to burn Kinghorn and other towns in Fife, while Edinburgh was sacked and burnt.
He had married Joan, daughter of Thomas Berkeley, 5th Baron Berkeley (d.1533). with whom he had five or six sons and three daughters. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Nicholas. After his death his widow made a disastrous second marriage to Sir Thomas Dyer, who treated her cruelly. She died in 1564.
* Sir Nicholas Poyntz, after Hans Holbein the Younger (National Portrait Gallery)
* Sir Nicholas Poyntz, after Hans Holbein the Younger (private collection)
# Brachlewo

Brachlewo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kwidzyn, within Kwidzyn County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north of Kwidzyn and 67 km (42 mi) south of the regional capital Gdańsk.
In 1772-1945 the area was part of Germany. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Littlewood

Littlewood is a surname, and may refer to:
* Alison Littlewood, British author
* Angela Littlewood (born 1949), English shot putter
* Barclay Littlewood (born 1978), British entrepreneur
* Chic Littlewood (1930–2015), New Zealand actor
* Clayton Littlewood (born 1963), English author
* David Littlewood (born 1955), English cricketer
* Dominic Littlewood (born 1965), British television presenter and entrepreneur
* Dudley E. Littlewood (1903–1979), British mathematician
* France Littlewood (1863–1941), British socialist
* George Littlewood Sr. (1857–1928), English cricketer
* George Littlewood Jr. (1882–1917), English cricketer
* Harry Littlewood (1921–2003), English actor
* Herbert Littlewood (1858–1925), English cricketer
* Ivan Littlewood (1902–1951), New Zealand rugby player
* Jesse Littlewood (1878–1942), English cricketer
* Jessica Littlewood, Canadian politician
* Joan Littlewood (1914–2002), British actress and theatre director
* John Edensor Littlewood (1885–1977), British mathematician
* John Littlewood (chess player) (1931–2009), British chess player
* Leslie Littlewood (1906–1989), British trade unionist
* Louise Littlewood, Australian politician
* Mark Littlewood (born 1972), Director General of the Institute of Economic Affairs
* Mike Littlewood (born 1966), American college baseball coach
* Norman Littlewood (1933–1989), British chess player
* Peter Littlewood (born 1955), British physicist
* Rick Littlewood (1940–2018), New Zealand judoka
* Roland Littlewood, British anthropologist and psychiatrist
* Stewart Littlewood (1905–1977), English footballer
* William Littlewood, American engineer
* Yvonne Littlewood (1927–2023), British television director
# Timo Joensuu

Timo Joensuu (born 27 February 1959 in Nokia, Finland) is a Finnish oncologist, associate professor of clinical oncology in University of Helsinki, researcher of new cancer treatments and developer of an internationally new hospital concept. He is a co-founder of Docrates Cancer Center in Helsinki and was its clinical director until 2014, after which he has been concentrating mostly on clinical work with the patients as the chief oncologist.
Dr Joensuu studied medicine in the University of Tampere. He graduated MBBS and qualified professional MD 1986 and presented his doctoral thesis on cytodifferentiation in 1992. 1991–1993 he had a research fellowship in INSERM (Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale) in Paris. Joensuu specialized in oncology, radio therapy in Helsinki University Hospital where he worked 1991–2007. He has also been medical advisor for AstraZeneca and for Helsinki Consulting Group and World Bank in Serbia year 2004. Since 2007 he is the clinical director of Docrates Cancer Center and member of the board of directors of the company.
Dr Joensuu has led several clinical trials and published articles on oncolytic adenovirus therapy, radiotherapy, chemoradiotherapy and prostate cancer. Dr Joensuu was the first doctor in Nordic countries to use IMRT (Intensity-modulated radiation therapy).
At Docrates Cancer Center Dr Joensuu was especially devoted to the development of target radiotherapy, research and clinical trials. Dr.Joensuu has been on the Prostate Cancer Organisation Propo's board and participated in different international cancer research organizations as an expert. Dr Joensuus's vision is a fast track path from diagnosis to treatment, founded on the belief that cancer care can be carried out different way compared to traditional models.
# Borowo, Wejherowo County

Borowo is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Wejherowo, within Wejherowo County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south of Wejherowo and 31 km (19 mi) north-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Fortune's Fool

Fortune's Fool may refer to:
* Fortune's Fool (novel)
* Fortune's Fool (1796 play), a comedy play by Frederick Reynolds
* Fortune's Fool (1848 play), a play by Ivan Turgenev
* Fortune's Fool (1897 play), a play by Alfred Dampier