# Paw Paw Formation

The Paw Paw Formation is a geological formation in Texas whose strata date back to the late Albian stage of the Early Cretaceous. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.

## Fossil content

| Color key Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon | Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited. |

### Reptiles
#### Dinosaurs

Dinosaurs reported from the Paw Paw Formation :
| Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes |
| Nodosauridae indet. | Indeterminate | Tarrant County, Texas | Humerus, ilia, scapulocoracoid and specimen representing a baby | Juvenile nodosaurid remains that cannot be compared with Pawpawsaurus due to lack of overlapping elements. Informally referred to as the "Paw Paw Scuteling". |
| Pawpawsaurus | P. campbelli | Tarrant County, Texas | Complete skull | A nodosaurid |
| Texasetes | T. pleurohalio | Blue Mound | Partial skeleton | A nodosaurid |

#### Pterosaurs

Pterosaurs reported from the Paw Paw Formation :
| Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes |
| Coloborhynchus | C. wadleighi | SMU locality 263 | Jaw elements | Species moved to the genus Uktenadactylus |
| Tapejarinae indet. | Indeterminate | SMU locality 263 | Incomplete right metatarsal | Tapejarid bone with signs of scavenging by fish and sharks |
| Uktenadactylus | U. wadleighi | SMU locality 263 | Jaw elements | An anhanguerid |

#### Turtles

Turtles reported from the Paw Paw Formation :
| Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes | Images |
| Testudines indet. | Indeterminate | SMU locality 241 | | Remains of a turtle | |

### Fish
#### Bony fish

Bony fish reported from the Paw Paw Formation :
| Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes |
| Allocyclostoma | A. alienus | Juniper Point locality | 3 otoliths | A beardfish |
| Apateodus | A. sp. | Juniper Point locality | 6 otoliths | An aulopiform |
| Argentina? | A. texana | Juniper Point locality | 49 otoliths | An argentine |
| Elopothrissus | E. pawpawensis | Juniper Point locality | 139 otoliths | A bonefish |
| Genartina | G. princeps | Juniper Point locality | 486 otoliths | A fish of uncertain classification |
| Ichthyodectiformes indet. | Indeterminate | SMU locality 241 | | Represents either Saurodon sp. or Saurocephalus sp. |
| Ichthyotringa | I.? cuneata | Juniper Point locality | 12 otoliths | An aulopiform |
| Ichthyotringa | I. sp. | Juniper Point locality | An otolith | An aulopiform |
| Paraulopus | P.? wichitae | Juniper Point locality | 6 otoliths | An aulopiform |
| Pteralbula | P. galtina | Juniper Point locality | 7 otoliths | A bonefish |
| Teleostei incertae sedis | Indeterminate | Juniper Point locality | 3 otoliths | Teleost fish remains |
| Texoma | T. cyclogaster | Juniper Point locality | 5 otoliths | A beardfish |

#### Cartilaginous fish

Cartilaginous fish reported from the Paw Paw Formation :
| Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes |
| Cretalamna | C. appendiculata | Roanoke SMU locality 241 | Teeth | An otodontid shark |
| Cretodus | C. semiplicatus | Roanoke | 15 teeth | A mackerel shark |
| Cretoxyrhina | C. vraconensis | Northeast Texas | Seven teeth | A mackerel shark |
| Leptostyrax | L. macrorhizus | Roanoke Lake Texoma SMU locality 241 | Nine teeth | A mackerel shark |
| Paraisurus | P. compressus | Roanoke SMU locality 241 | Incomplete tooth | A mackerel shark |
| Protolamna | P. roanokeensis | Roanoke | Teeth | A mackerel shark |
| Pseudohypolophus | P. sp. | SMU locality 241 | | A ray |
| Squalicorax | S. aff. S. baharijensis | | A tooth | An anacoracid shark |
| Squalicorax | S. pawpawensis | | Teeth | An anacoracid shark |
| Squalicorax | S. priscoserratus | | Teeth | An anacoracid shark |
| Squalicorax | S. volgensis | Roanoke | Teeth | Material reassigned to S. pawpawensis |
| Squalicorax | S. sp. | | Teeth | Material reassigned to S. pawpawensis |

### Invertebrates
#### Arthropods

Arthropods reported from the Paw Paw Formation :
| Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes |
| Acanthaxius | A. carinatus | Near Fort Worth | Several specimens | An axiid |
| Angulotergum | A. milviformis | Salvation Army locality | Numerous specimens | A barnacle |
| Axiopsis | A. pawpawensis | Near Fort Worth | One specimen | An axiid |
| Axiopsis | A. sampsonumae | Near Fort Worth | One specimen | An axiid |
| Axiopsis | A. spinifera | Near Fort Worth | One specimen | An axiid |
| Cenomanocarcinus | C. vanstraeleni | Tarrant County | Several specimens | A cenomanocarcinid crab |
| Cretacoranina | C. punctata | Fort Worth Haltom City | Approximately 260 specimens | A frog crab |
| Dawsonius | D. tigris | Near Fort Worth | Several specimens | A ctenochelid |
| Diotascalpellum | D. acies | Salvation Army locality | Multiple specimens | A barnacle |
| Feldmannia | F. wintoni | SMU locality 241 Haltom City Between Haltom City & Hurst Benbrook | Numerous specimens | An etyiid crab originally named as Xanthosia wintoni |
| Galathea | G. cretacea | Watauga | One specimen | A squat lobster |
| Galathea | G.? limonitica | South of Fort Worth | One specimen | A squat lobster |
| Ivolepas | I. worthensis | Salvation Army locality | Multiple specimens | A barnacle |
| Linuparus | L. adkinsi | SMU locality 241 | | A spiny lobster |
| Marylyreidus | M. punctatus | Tarrant County | 3 specimens | A lyreidid crab |
| Meticonaxius | M. rhacheochir | Near Fort Worth | One specimen | A micheleid |
| Nephrops | N. americanus | Fort Worth | Numerous specimens | A lobster |
| Nodosculda | N. fisherorum | Near Fort Worth | Several specimens | A mantis shrimp |
| Paraxiopsis | P. erugatus | Near Fort Worth | Several specimens | An axiid |
| Paraxiopsis | P. texensis | Near Fort Worth | Several specimens | An axiid |
| Raninella | R. sp. | SMU locality 241 | | A frog crab |
| Xanthosia | X. aspera | SMU locality 241 Fort Worth Benbrook | Several specimens | An etyiid crab |
| Xanthosia | X. pawpawensis | Haltom City Between Haltom City & Hurst Hurst Benbrook | 36 specimens | An etyiid crab |
| Xanthosia | X. reidi | Keller Haltom City | 10 carapaces | An etyiid crab |
| Xanthosia | X. wintoni | SMU locality 241 Haltom City Between Haltom City & Hurst Benbrook | Numerous specimens | Moved to the genus Feldmannia |

#### Bivalves

Bivalves reported from the Paw Paw Formation :
| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes |
| Lima | L. sp. | SMU locality 241 | A limid |
| Lopha | L. quadriplicata | SMU locality 241 | An ostreid |
| Neithea | N. sp. | SMU locality 241 | A neitheid |
| Stearnsia | S. robbinsi | SMU locality 241 | A crassatellid |
| Texigryphaea | T. washitaensis | SMU locality 241 | A gryphaeid |
| Trigonia | T. clavigera? | SMU locality 241 | A trigoniid |

#### Cephalopods

Cephalopods reported from the Paw Paw Formation :
| Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes |
| Anisoceras | A. armatum | | 5 fragments | An ammonite |
| Cantabrigites | C. spinosum | | Multiple specimens | An ammonite |
| Cantabrigites | C. wenoensis | | Multiple specimens | An ammonite |
| Conlinites | C. wrighti | Northeast of Watagua West of Roanoke | Several hundred specimens | An ammonite |
| Engonoceras | E. serpentinum | Near Denison | Multiple specimens | An ammonite |
| Engonoceras | E. sp. | SMU locality 241 | | An ammonite |
| Enigmaticeras | E. riceae | Northeast of Watagua East of Watagua Near Haslet | 12 specimens | An ammonite |
| Ficheuria | F. americana | East of Watagua | One specimen | An ammonite |
| Ficheuria | F. pernoni | | One specimen | An ammonite |
| Flickia | F. simplex | South of Rio Vista | One specimen | An ammonite |
| Hamites | H. venetzianus | Keller | 7 fragments | An ammonite |
| Lechites | L. (Lechites) comanchensis | | Multiple specimens | An ammonite |
| Mariella | M. (Mariella) asper | Fort Worth South of Rio Vista | Multiple specimens | An ammonite |
| Mariella | M. (Mariella) worthensis | Fort Worth Southwest of Haslet | Multiple specimens | An ammonite |
| Mortoniceras | M. (Subschloenbachia) rostratum | South of Rio Vista | Internal mould | An ammonite |
| Neophlycticeras | N. (Neophlycticeras) sp. | | A single shell | An ammonite |
| Neophlycticeras | N. (Paradolphia) occidentalis | East of Watagua | A single shell | An ammonite |
| Scaphites | S. hilli | Fort Worth | Multiple specimens | An ammonite |
| Stoliczkaia | S. (Lamnayella) worthense | Fort Worth | Several hundred specimens | An ammonite |
| Stoliczkaia | S. (Shumarinaia) asiatica | | 2 specimens | An ammonite |
| Stoliczkaia | S. (Stoliczkaia) clavigera | | Fragments of phragmocone | An ammonite |
| Tetragonites | T. sp. | Northeast of Watagua | Internal mould | An ammonite |
| Worthoceras | W. worthense | | Multiple specimens | An ammonite |

#### Echinoderms

Echinoderms reported from the Paw Paw Formation :
| Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes |
| Alkaidia | A. sumralli | Fort Worth Benbrook | 36 fragments | A starfish |
| Altairia | A. wintoni | Fort Worth | 6 specimens | A starfish |
| Asteroidea indet. | Indeterminate | SMU locality 241 | | A starfish |
| Betelgeusia | B. reidi | Keller Haltom City Fort Worth Benbrook Hurst | Hundreds of specimens | A starfish |
| Capellia | C. mauricei | Fort Worth | Several specimens | A starfish |
| Crateraster | C. texensis | Fort Worth Benbrook | Over 30 specimens | A starfish |
| Denebia | D. americana | Fort Worth Benbrook | Numerous specimens | A starfish |
| Discocrinus | D. catastomus | | Multiple specimens | A crinoid |
| Echinoidea indet. | Indeterminate | SMU locality 241 | | A sea urchin |
| Fomalhuatia | F. hortensae | Fort Worth Benbrook | Numerous specimens | A starfish |
| Goniasteridae indet. | Unknown | Fort Worth | 3 marginal ossicles | A starfish |
| Poecilocrinus | P. dispandus | SMU locality 241 | | A crinoid |
| Poecilocrinus | P. dispandus forma discus | | Few specimens | A crinoid |
| Poecilocrinus | P. dispandus forma floriformis | | Multiple specimens | A crinoid |
| Roveacrinus | R. morganae | Fort Worth | One specimen | A crinoid |
| Roveacrinus | R. proteus | Fort Worth | 32 cups | A crinoid |

#### Gastropods

Gastropods reported from the Paw Paw Formation :
| Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes | Images |
| Turritella | T. sp. | SMU locality 241 | | A turritellid | |