OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ernst Ludwig I

Ernst Ludwig I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen (7 October 1672 – 24 November 1724) was a German (Saxon) nobleman.

## Biography

He was born in Gotha, the eldest son of Bernhard I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, and his first wife, Marie Hedwig of Hesse-Darmstadt.
After the death of his father in 1706, Ernst Ludwig inherited the duchy of Saxe-Meiningen jointly with his brother, Frederick Wilhelm, and his half-brother, Anton Ulrich. His father, in his will, had stipulated that the duchy never be divided and that it be governed jointly by his sons.
The oldest brother, Ernst Ludwig, strove to establish autonomy for himself and his descendants. Immediately after the death of his father, Ernst Ludwig signed a contract with his brothers; in consideration of certain inducements, the brothers had to leave the government of the duchy in his hands. This introduction of primogeniture failed, however; his brothers managed to govern again after Ernst Ludwig's death, acting as guardians for his sons.
Ernst Ludwig married Dorothea Marie of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, his cousin in Gotha on 19 September 1704. They had five children:
* Josef Bernhard (b. Meiningen, 27 May 1706 – d. Rome, 22 March 1724) died aged 17 without issue.
* Friedrich August (b. Meiningen, 4 November 1707 – d. Meiningen, 25 December 1707) died in infancy.
* Ernst Ludwig II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen (b. Coburg, 8 August 1709 – d. Meiningen, 24 February 1729).
* Luise Dorothea (b. Meiningen, 10 August 1710 – d. Gotha, 22 October 1767), married on 17 September 1729 to Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.
* Karl Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen (b. Meiningen, 18 July 1712 – d. Meiningen, 28 March 1743).
In Schloss Ehrenburg, Coburg on 3 June 1714, Ernst Ludwig married his second wife, Elisabeth Sophie of Brandenburg. They had no children.
He died in Meiningen in 1724.

## Ancestors

Ancestors of Ernst Ludwig I :
# José Ángel Navarro III

José Ángel Navarro III (1828–1876), also known as José Ángel Navarro (the younger), was born in San Antonio de Béxar to José Antonio Navarro and his wife Margarita de la Garza. He was a grandson of Ángel Navarro, who is sometimes found in historical records as José Ángel Navarro.
An 1850 graduate of Harvard Law School, Navarro later served in the Texas Instrument. Although Texas legislative records list him as José Ángel Navarro III, some historical references show him as José Ángel Navarro (younger) to distinguish him from his uncle José Ángel Navarro (elder). Navarro served as an elected representative in the Seventh, Eighth and Ninth Texas legislatures. During his service, he was a member of the committees on Education, Indian Affairs, Public Debt, Judiciary, Military Affairs, Private Land Claims and State Affairs. Navarro was also the chair of a committee charged with translating Spanish language documents into English.
Navarro's public service coincided with Sam Houston's term as Governor of Texas, during which Houston sent Navarro and state Senator Robert H. Taylor to conduct an investigation of the Cortina Troubles in the Rio Grande area. It was during the Eighth Texas Legislature that Texas joined with other Southern states in signing the Ordinance of Secession, and during which Houston was dismissed from office for his refusal to swear an allegiance to the Confederate States of America. Navarro, however, signed the ordinance for the House, and went on to serve in the Ninth legislature.

## Personal life

Navarro and his wife Concepción Ramón Callaghan were the parents of three children. He died in 1876.
# Floodgate Fund

Floodgate Fund is a venture capital firm based in the United States created by Mike Maples Jr. and Ann Miura-Ko. It was originally named Maples Investments, but was renamed Floodgate Fund in March 2010. It is focused on investments in technology companies in Silicon Valley.

## Investments

In October 2021, Floodgate raised $146 million for its seventh fund. In previous years, their sixth fund closed at $131 million, their fifth fund closed at $76 million, the fourth fund closed at $75 million and their third fund at $73.5 million.
Floodgate has invested in a number of companies including Twitter, Digg, location-based services company Gowalla, professional networking service BranchOut, Chegg, Formstack, Milk Inc., TaskRabbit, self-storage marketplace SpareFoot, and seasteading platform company Blueseed.
As of 2017, they've also invested in Lyft, Refinery29, LabDoor, education startup MissionU, legal discovery startup, TextIQ, Okta and Rappi. Floodgate was also an early investor in Applied Intuition, a software company for autonomous vehicles.

## Media coverage

Floodgate Fund and Mike Maples have been covered in TechCrunch and Forbes. Mike Maples of Floodgate was also interviewed about his investment philosophy by Sarah Lacy for TechCrunch TV.
# Hung for the Holidays

Hung for the Holidays is a Christmas EP by William Hung, released on October 19, 2004. The EP was recorded during the summer of 2004. Like his previous album, Inspiration, the EP contains a number of cover tracks, mostly Christmas songs, as well as holiday greetings from Hung. The EP wasn't as commercially successful as his previous album and was panned by music critics.

## Development and release

During a performance at a May 2004 Blue Jays-Rangers game in Toronto, Hung revealed that he would begin work on a second album. He said that it "will include original songs and cover songs... There will be more bands this time. That's all I can tell you." Hung also announced that he was taking singing lessons before starting the recording sessions. When interviewed by MTV News in June 2004, he said that recording was "gonna be a much slower process than the first time. Right now I'm concentrating on just picking songs... starting to practice them and things like that." Producers submitted the songs to Koch Records, and Hung said in the interview that the label had "some ideas and stuff, and we'll see. It's still early — very, very early."
Although Hung for the Holidays was originally scheduled for release in September 2004, the release was moved to October. The album includes a hidden bonus track, a cover of Queen's "We Are the Champions", which was released as a single on June 16, 2004. A music video for the track debuted on the Game Show Network on June 15 to promote the channel's "Summer of Champions" campaign. Hung performed the song live at the Universal Studios CityWalk in Universal City, California that same night. He also signed copies at f.y.e. to promote the album.
A limited number of copies for the album included a fold-out Christmas ornament.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Hung for the Holidays sold only 35,000 copies. It only reached number 22 on the Billboard Independent Albums chart, and did not make the Billboard 200 chart unlike the first album, Inspiration.
AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine gave the album one out of five stars, calling it "the cheapest-sounding record in recent memory; it sounds as if it was recorded in less time that it takes to play." He did note Hung's improvement as a vocalist, saying that "he sings with more confidence and at least vaguely sings something resembling the melody." The New York Daily News called the album a cult classic.
The EP's cover art was ranked number 2 on FW.com's "50 Worst Album Covers", saying that it looks "like a scene from ‘South Park’." It was also one of Gigwise's "Worst Christmas Album Covers Ever". In 2013, HuffPost listed Hung's cover of "Little Drummer Boy" number three on their "17 Best Worst Christmas Songs Ever".

## Personnel

Credits are adapted from AllMusic.

## Chart positions

| Chart (2004) | Peak position |
| US Independent Albums (Billboard) | 22 |
# Emory Rains

Emory Rains (May 4, 1800 – March 4, 1878) was a lawyer, judge and political leader in the Republic of Texas and thereafter in the State of Texas. Rains was born in Warren County, Tennessee, and moved to Texas in 1817. Emory Rains held many public offices and his life was devoted to public service. Rains was a Member of Texas Republic Senate from the District of Shelby and Sabine (1837–1839); a delegate to the Texas state constitutional convention (1845); a member of the Texas state house of representatives (1847–1848, 1851–1854); a member of the Texas state senate (1859). In 1839, Rains was a prime supporter of the historic law creating a Homestead exemption in Texas. In 1861, he stood with Sam Houston in opposition to secession from the union. In 1866, Emory Rains rode a mule to Austin, Texas, for the purpose of getting a bill introduced to create Rains County, Texas. Emory Rains died on March 4, 1878, of an apparent stroke, and is buried in the City Cemetery in Emory, Texas. Both Emory, Texas, and Rains County, Texas are named for him.
# Thomas Jefferson Towles

Thomas Jefferson Towles (1843–1909) was a Confederate army officer and a state legislator for Texas.

## Early life

Thomas J. Towles was born in Jones county, Georgia, on December 29, 1843. When fourteen years of age he came to Texas, locating in Van Zandt county where he was reared and educated.

## Civil War

In the month of June 1861 he enlisted at Dallas in Company "G", 3rd Texas Cavalry, and served through the entire American Civil War, being in all the battles participated in by his regiment. In the progress of the fight with General McCook's troops at Newnan, on July 30, 1864, he was dangerously wounded and remained for some time within the lines of the enemy. As he was sitting against a tree, his clothing saturated with blood from his wounds, General McCook and his staff halted in front of him and after assuring him of surgical aid as soon as it could be procured he inquired what forces were opposing him on the immediate field. Lieutenant Towles replied: "You can form as correct an estimate of their numerica strength as I can, as the divisions of Jackson, Wheeler, and Roddy are present"; whereupon General McCook remarked to his staff: "We must get out of this!" and immediately rode away. This probably explains the panic with which the Federals were seized when General Ross soon after bore down upon them in the headlong charge which routed and dispersed them. He was long the brave, vigilant, and efficient commander of the brigade scouts, and as such was the eyes and ears of the command. In the discharge of this hazardous service he won the confidence of his commanding general and as General Ross said, "we always slept with a sense of security when the faithful Captain Towles was on duty".

## Later life

After the Confederate surrender Captain Towles returned to Van Zandt county and became a planter. He was called by the people to the office of sheriff, tax collector and representative; serving in the latter capacity in the 15th and 21st Texas legislatures where he was on important committees and rendered great service to Texas.
He died on January 21, 1909, and was buried in Hillcrest Cemetery in Canton.

## Personal

Towles was a Mason. He was married in Butts county, Georgia, on February 14, 1864, to Miss N. A. Nolen. They had seven children, four sons and three daughters, of whom only the two youngest, Eva and Alice, were living in 1907.
# Clinton McKamy Winkler

Clinton McKamy Winkler (October 19, 1821 – May 13, 1882) was an American soldier, judge and legislator. Winkler was elected to the Texas Legislature in 1847 and 1873. He practiced law in Corsicana, Texas through the 1850s. Winkler served in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War and was seriously injured at the Battle of Gettysburg. He returned to law practice in Corsicana after the war. From 1876 until his death, Winkler served as a judge in the Texas Court of Appeals. Winkler County, Texas is named for him.

## Biography

Winkler was born in Burke County, North Carolina on October 19, 1821. He moved to Indiana with his parents in 1835. When he was 19, Winkler moved to Franklin, Texas, located in Robertson County. Winkler was a clerk for the district court in Robertson County in 1844 and was admitted to the bar the following year. Winkler was elected to the House of Representatives for the Second Texas Legislature in 1847. He introduced a petition that resulted in the creation of Navarro County, Texas from a portion of Robertson County.
In 1848, Winkler married Louisa Bartlett-Smith, who was recently widowed from Texas legislator Thomas Ingles Smith. After his service in the legislature, Winkler practiced law in Corsicana, Texas in Navarro County for several years. After Abraham Lincoln was elected president, Winkler was one of a few men who organized a Texas secession movement in Navarro County.
In the Civil War, he commanded a unit known as the Navarro Rifles, a Confederate States Army unit that belonged to Hood's Texas Brigade. Winkler's wife died in 1861 while he was at war. He married writer Angelina V. Smith, the sister of Thomas Ingles Smith, in January 1864. She founded and edited a literary publication known as the Corsicana Prairie Flower. Winkler sustained a serious wound to the leg during the Battle of Gettysburg. He continued to fight in the Civil War up to Robert E. Lee's surrender at Appomattox. Smith later wrote an autobiography which included her experiences during the war.
In 1872, Winkler was elected to the Thirteenth Texas Legislature as a representative for District 20. His legislative district included Ellis, Hill, Kaufman and Navarro Counties. He became a judge on the newly established Court of Appeals of Texas in 1876. Winkler died of dysentery in Austin, Texas while serving on the court.
In 1887, a new county was established in West Texas with land that had been part of Tom Green County. It was named after Winkler. The county's population was 60 in 1900, but it increased to 442 by 1910. The population peaked at over 10,000 in 1950; it had 8,626 residents in 1990.
# Louise Allbritton

Louise Allbritton (July 3, 1920 – February 16, 1979) was an American film and stage actress born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Her name was sometimes seen as Louise Albritton.
She played in such films as Pittsburgh (1942), Who Done It? (1942), Son of Dracula (1943), The Egg and I (1947), and Sitting Pretty (1948).

## Early life and career

Allbritton was born in Oklahoma City on July 3, 1920, the daughter of E.E. Allbritton of Wichita Falls, Texas. She attended the University of Oklahoma and gained acting experience in the Pasadena Playhouse. Her father cut off her allowance in hopes that she would return home, but her contract with Universal Studios enabled her to continue in Hollywood.
During World War II, Allbritton performed overseas with a USO troupe, a group that "[g]ave show after show, many of them to the accompaniment of the thunder of enemy guns."
She was one of several replacements for the leading female role in the long-running Broadway production of The Seven Year Itch. On television, she played the title role in the NBC-TV series Concerning Miss Marlowe (1954) and co-starred in the CBS drama Stage Door (1950).$^{:1008}$

## Personal life

She was married to CBS news correspondent and author Charles Collingwood from 1946 until her death and retired several years after their marriage.

## Death

Allbritton died of cancer on February 16, 1979, in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, where she and Collingwood had one of their homes.

## Complete filmography

* Not a Ladies' Man (1942) - Ethel Burlridge
* Danger in the Pacific (1942) - Jane Claymore
* Parachute Nurse (1942) - Helen Ames
* Keeping Fit (1942, Short) - Miss Allbritton
* Who Done It? (1942) - Miss Allbritton
* Pittsburgh (1942) - Shannon Prentiss
* It Comes Up Love (1943) - Edie Ives
* Good Morning, Judge (1943) - Elizabeth Christine Smith
* Fired Wife (1943) - Tahitha 'Tig' Callahan Dunne
* Crazy House (1943) - Louise Allbritton (uncredited)
* Son of Dracula (1943) - Katherine Caldwell
* Her Primitive Man (1944) - Sheila Winthrop
* Follow the Boys (1944) - Herself (uncredited)
* This Is the Life (1944) - Harriet West Jarrett
* San Diego, I Love You (1944) - Virginia McCooley
* Bowery to Broadway (1944) - Lillian Russell
* Men in Her Diary (1945) - Isabel Glenning
* That Night with You (1945) - Sheila Morgan
* Tangier (1946) - Dolores
* The Egg and I (1947) - Harriet Putnam
* Sitting Pretty (1948) - Edna Philby
* Walk a Crooked Mile (1948) - Dr. Toni Neva
* An Innocent Affair (1948) - Margot Fraser
* The Doolins of Oklahoma (1949) - Rose of Cimarron
* Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1956) Season 1 Episode 30 "Never Again" - Renee Marlow
* Felicia (1964) - Felicia (final film role)

## Radio appearances

| Year | Program | Episode/source |
| 1943 | Lady Esther Screen Guild Theatre | Men in White |
| 1944 | Lady Esther Screen Guild Theatre | Phantom Lady |
# Christie Benet

William Christie Benet Jr. (December 26, 1879 – March 30, 1951) was a Democratic Party politician who briefly represented the state of South Carolina in the United States Senate in 1918.

## Early years

Benet was born in Abbeville, South Carolina; he attended the common schools in his youth, and matriculated at the College of Charleston, the University of South Carolina, and the University of Virginia, where he graduated in 1902.

### Football

He played college football as a guard at South Carolina and was a star tackle for Virginia, selected All-Southern in 1901.
Benet coached football at South Carolina in 1903 and 1907. He assisted coach and Virginia teammate Bob Williams in 1902, when Carolina upset John Heisman's Clemson team.

## Law career

He studied the law, and upon his admission to the bar began practice in Columbia, South Carolina, in 1903. Solicitor of the fifth judicial circuit in 1908, Benet became Columbia's city attorney from 1910 to 1912. He was the secretary of the Democratic State committee three times.

### Senator

On July 6, 1918 he was appointed to the Senate to fill out the term of Benjamin R. Tillman, who died in office. He served until November 5, when a successor to the position was elected; Benet himself was an unsuccessful candidate in the same election to fill the vacancy. During his brief time in the Senate, Benet was the chairman of the Committee on National Banks; upon his defeat, he resumed his practice.

### State hospital

From 1915 he was a member of the board of regents of the South Carolina State Hospital, later becoming the chairman of the board; in this capacity he served until 1946.

### War and death
#### World War II

During World War II Benet chaired the War Finance Committee for South Carolina.

#### Death

He was serving as the chairman of the Alien Enemy Hearing Board for the state's eastern district at his death; he died in Columbia, and was interred locally in Elmwood Cemetery. Benet Hall, a residence hall at Clemson University, is named in his honor.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall |
| South Carolina Gamecocks (Independent) (1904–1905) ||||||
| 1904 | South Carolina | 4–3–1 |
| 1905 | South Carolina | 4–2–1 |
| South Carolina Gamecocks (Independent) (1908–1909) ||||||
| 1908 | South Carolina | 3–5–1 |
| 1909 | South Carolina | 2–6 |
| South Carolina: | South Carolina: | 13–16–3 |
| Total: | Total: | 13–16–3 |
# Miroslav Zajonc

Miroslav "Miro" Zajonc (or Zayonc; born 10 June 1960) is a Slovak-born luger who competed for Czechoslovakia, Canada, and the United States. Competing for Canada, he won the gold medal in the men's singles event at the 1983 FIL World Luge Championships in Lake Placid, New York, in four record breaking runs. He represented the United States at the 1988 Winter Olympics.

## Personal life

Zajonc was born on 10 June 1960, in Spišská Stará Ves, Czechoslovakia. He grew up in the Tatra mountains in the town of Stary Smokovec in Slovakia. In 1995, he changed the spelling of his surname to Zayonc to aid with pronunciation. He became a U.S. citizen in 1996.

## Career
### As a competitor

Zajonc started training in luge in 1971 and competed for Czechoslovakia until his defection to the United States in 1981. He was unable to compete for the U.S. until 1985 due to the U.S. luge citizenship qualification policy.
Zajonc was allowed to compete for Canada and he won the World Championships in 1983. He defeated world champion Sergey Danilin (Soviet Union), Olympic champion Paul Hildgartner (Italy), and 1980 Olympic champion Bernhard Glass (Germany). Although Zajonc lacked a large support staff like the dominant German, Italian, and Soviet teams, the Italian luger Hansjörg Raffl gave him one of his new speed suits just before the competition to help him be competitive with the best teams. His victory created problems for the Soviet coaching staff as he defeated Danilin on a Soviet-built sled purchased from them just months prior to the race.
Despite sliding his best at the time, Zajonc was unable to compete at the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo, due to not having US citizenship. After 1985, he represented the United States and was named in the U.S. team to the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary. He qualified despite breaking his right foot in a training accident five weeks prior to the Olympics. Zajonc suffered an open fracture and was missing part of his heal bone after hitting his foot at 65 mph 2×6 wall extension that was left square with the bottom of his foot. His injury prevented him from competing in singles and he would finish 11th in the men's doubles event for the US team, sliding with a special cast on his right foot. He used crutches to get to the start. The East German team requested to inspect Zayonc's injury, thinking he might be faking it to gain a competitive advantage using the pointed cast. He retired from competition in 1988.

### As a coach

Zajonc joined the USA luge team's coaching staff in 1990. He served as head coach of the junior national team from 1991–2011. His athletes won 15 World Championship titles and many overall World Cup victories. He also coached the US Olympic luge teams in 1992, 1994, 1998, 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2014, winning five Olympic medals. In September 2012, Zayonc was named U.S. senior national head coach heading for Sochi. At the Olympics, Erin Hamlin won a bronze medal, the first-ever US Olympic medal in singles luge.
In May 2017, Zajonc stepped down as head coach due to Parkinson's disease. USA Luge CEO Jim Leahy stated that Zayonc would remain active in the organization.