# José María Cruz Novillo

José María Cruz Novillo (Cuenca, 1936) is a Spanish sculptor, engraver, painter and designer.
Cruz Novillo began painting in his native town in 1950 and in 1958 moved to Madrid..
He designed many logos. Among them, that of the newspaper El Mundo, the version of the fist and rose used by the PSOE, radiochain COPE, Spanish post service, Endesa, Banco Pastor, Repsol, Fundación ONCE, Diario 16, Antena 3 Radio, the first logo of Antena 3 TV, El Economista, Renfe railways, Spanish police Cuerpo Nacional de Policía, Tesoro Público. He designed a series of peseta bills. He also co-authored the coat of arms and the flag of the Comunidad de Madrid, with Santiago Amón Hortelano. His studio won the contest for the new institutional identity of the Government of Spain
He also designed film posters for Barrio, Los lunes al Sol, El Sur, El Espíritu de la Colmena, Pascual Duarte, El Año de las Luces, Mamá Cumple 100 Años, Hay que matar a B., La escopeta nacional, Familia and others, mostly those produced by Elías Querejeta.
He chaired the Spanish Association of Design Professionals (Asociación Española de Profesionales del Diseño, AEPD). He is also an honor fellow of the Madrid association di_mad.
As a sculptor, he has participated in the São Paulo Art Biennial, World Fair of New York and art fairs such as FIAC (art), Basel Art, Art Cologne and since 1985 in most editions of ARCO.
Cruz Novillo has focused since the early 1990s on the development of the "Diafragma" concept. Under this concept many of his works combine a variable number of monochrome, sound, photographic or tri-dimensional elements. In 2008 he finished the "Diafragma Decafónico de Dígitos" ("Decaphonic Diaphragm of Digits") for the façade of the main building of the National Institute of Statistics of Spain, in Madrid, after its reform by Ruiz-Larrea y Asociados. This work adds sound to produce synesthesia. In ARCO'10 he presented "Diafragma dodecafónico 8.916.100.448.256, opus 14", a "chronochromophonic" work that can be played for 3,392,732 years.
En 2007, Cruz Novillo founded the studio Cruz más Cruz with his son Pepe (designer and architect).
In November 2006 he joined the Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando.

## PSOE fist and rose logo

In 1977, Cruz Novillo designed the new logo of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), a redesign of the emblem created by Marc Bonnet for the French Socialist Party in 1969, and shared by a number of parties around the world as well as by the Socialist International. His work was inspired by an earlier redesign by the Dutch Labour Party (PvdA). Cruz Novillo’s version was later picked up, without PSOE authorization, by the Socialist Party of Albania. The PSOE stated that it owned copyright on the Spanish version, although it was not clear if designer Cruz Novillo also maintained rights over it.

## Gallery
### Logos

* COPE
* The Renfe trains displayed this logo from 1972 until 1989.
* The fist and rose logo of the PSOE, in the version used between 1977 and 1998.
* This logo for the Banco Popular is no longer in use.
* A Repsol logo like in this gas station could be found along the Spanish roads.
* Diario 16 used this masthead from 1976 to 1984.
* A letterbox in 2018 with the 1977 Correos logo.
* Antena 3 used this logo starting from 1982.
* Red Eléctrica de España, 1987.
* TVE used this logo from 1982 until 1990.
* Coat of arms of the Community of Madrid, 1984.
* Flag of the Community of Madrid, 1984.
* Cuerpo Nacional de Policía, 1986.
* Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 2012.

### Bank notes

* 200 pesetas, 1978
* 500 pesetas, 1978.
* 1000 pesetas, 1978.
* 2000 pesetas, 1980.
* 5000 pesetas, 1979.
* 10 000 pesetas, 1985.

## Prizes

* Premio Nacional de Diseño (1997)
* LAUS Prize (1978)
* AEPD Prize (1993, 1995, 1996 y 2001)
* Premio Nacional de Pintura CCM (2002)
* FAD Medal (2006)
* Prize of the Society of News Design to the best designed masthead for his work for the newspaper El Economista (2006)
* Premio Castilla-La Mancha de Diseño (2008)
* Medalla de Oro al Mérito en las Bellas Artes (2012)
* Premio Gráffica (2017)