OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# DCT (videocassette format)

DCT is a digital recording component video videocassette format developed and introduced by Ampex in 1992. It was based on the D1 format, and unlike the uncompressed recording scheme of D1, it was the first digital videotape format to use data compression. Like D1 (and D2), it uses a similar cassette loaded with 3/4" (19mm) width tape.
One of the models of VCR released for the format was the Ampex DCT-1700D.

## Overview

The type of data compression used by the format, discrete cosine transform (DCT), shares the same acronym as the format, but the meaning is different for the latter (the format's acronym meaning Data Component Technology).
DST (Data Storage Technology), a data-only version of DCT, was also developed by Ampex at the same time for the backup and archiving of data from servers and other enterprise-oriented IT systems. However, it was used by television networks such as Fox and The Discovery Channel in the late 1990s to early 2000s for mass storage of video file data for their aired programming originating from their video servers for on-air playout, with the servers being networked to a robotic DST tape jukebox (such as an Ampex DST 800 Automated Cartridge Library) for video file access.
DCT was also used by movie studios such as Warner Brothers for mastering some of their first movie releases to DVD around the latter format's introduction in the US in 1997.
# Surgères station

Surgères is a railway station in Surgères, France. It is served by both TER Nouvelle-Aquitaine and TGV:
* La Rochelle - Gare Montparnasse (TGV Atlantique)
* La Rochelle - Poitiers (TER Nouvelle-Aquitaine)
| Preceding station | TER Nouvelle-Aquitaine | TER Nouvelle-Aquitaine | TER Nouvelle-Aquitaine | Following station |
| Aigrefeuilletowards La Rochelle | | 14 | | Mauzétowards Poitiers |
| Preceding station | SNCF | SNCF | SNCF | Following station |
| Niorttowards Montparnasse | | TGV | | La RochelleTerminus |
# Obed Summit

Obed Summit (el. 1,163.9 m or 3,819 ft), is a highway summit in Alberta, Canada. It is the highest point on the Yellowhead Highway, 33 m (108 ft) higher than Yellowhead Pass on the Continental Divide of the Americas of the Canadian Rockies on the Alberta / British Columbia border. Obed Summit is located on Alberta Highway 16 near the hamlet of Obed, between Hinton and Edson.
# Wyszonki Kościelne

Wyszonki Kościelne is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Klukowo, within Wysokie Mazowieckie County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) south of Wysokie Mazowieckie and 54 km (34 mi) south-west of the regional capital Białystok.
# Jack E. Bairstow

John Edward Bairstow (February 7, 1902 – October 28, 1963) was an American lawyer and politician.
Born in Waukegan, Illinois, Bairstow received his law degree from University of Illinois College of Law in 1925 and then practiced law in Waukegan. He was the corporate counsel for the City of Waukegan and city attorney for Highland, Illinois. He was a Democrat. He served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1953 until his death in 1963. He died in Waukegan, Illinois of circulatory problems.
# The Martyrdom of Saint Maurice

The Martyrdom of Saint Maurice is a 1580-1582 painting by El Greco in the Real Monasterio de San Lorenzo de El Escorial near Madrid.

## History

A painting on this subject had originally been commissioned from Juan Fernández Navarrete by Philip II of Spain as an altarpiece dedicated to Saint Maurice and his Theban Legion. After Navarrete's death in 1579, Philip transferred the commission to El Greco, who had recently established himself in Toledo. The king saw the completed work in 1583, on his return from Portugal, and was unhappy with it.

## Description of painting

Maurice is shown in a blue breastplate and red tunic in the right foreground, surrounded by the officers of his legion while they decide whether to sacrifice to the pagan gods or accept martyrdom. To Maurice's left Saint Exuperius holds a red banner. Next to him is a bearded man in a tunic, identified as James the Less, who had converted the whole of Maurice's legion to Christianity. Between Maurice and the banner-bearer are two figures modelled on Spanish soldiers of the time - the elder one is Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy, commander of the Spanish troops at the Battle of St. Quentin in 1557 and Grand Master of the Military Order of Saint Maurice. To Emmanuel's right (closer to Maurice) is Alessandro Farnese, then fighting against the Dutch Republic.
The martyrdom occurs in the left background, including a figure modelled on Charles V's illegitimate son Don John of Austria, victor of the battle of Lepanto. In the left upper background angels wait to welcome the martyrs into heaven.
# Stenoptilia millieridactyla

Stenoptilia millieridactyla, also known as the saxifrage plume is a moth of the family Pterophoridae first described by Charles Théophile Bruand d'Uzelle in 1859. It is found in Europe.

## Description

The wingspan is 17–20 mm. Gielis, C., 1996 provides a description.
Adults are on wing in June and July, with a small second generation in late August and early September in some years.
From late August the larvae feed on Saxifraga ragosoi, meadow saxifrage (Saxifraga granulata) and mossy saxifrage (Saxifraga hypnoides) including cultivars.

## Distribution

Stenoptilia millieridactyla is found in France, Great Britain, the Iberian Peninsula, Ireland and Italy. Accidentally introduced to Great Britain in the 1960s and expanding its range. In Derbyshire the larvae have been found feeding on cultivars of mossy saxifrage in gardens.
# Urochloa nigropedata

Urochloa nigropedata, commonly known as spotted brachiaria, is a perennial grass belonging to the grass family (Poaceae). It is native to Southern Africa in the tropical regions of South Africa and East Africa. Urochloa nigropedata is used as fodder grass in Namibia.
As a pioneering grass, it has also environmental uses such as revegetation and soil binding.
# Rolf Stoltenberg

Rolf Stoltenberg (born 8 January 1922) is a German former field hockey player who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Iberis

Iberis (/aɪˈbɪərɪs/ eye-BEER-iss), commonly called candytuft, is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Brassicaceae. It comprises annuals, evergreen perennials and subshrubs native to the Old World. The name "candytuft" is not related to candy, but derives from Candia, the former name of Iraklion on the Island of Crete.
In the language of flowers, the candytuft symbolizes indifference.

## Species

Iberis consists of about 30 species of annuals, perennials and evergreen subshrubs. Some of the better known are:
Iberis amara - rocket candytuft, bitter candytuft, wild candytuft Iberis ciliata Iberis gibraltarica - Gibraltar candytuft Iberis linifolia Iberis procumbens - dune candytuft Iberis saxatilis - rock candytuft Iberis sempervirens - evergreen candytuft, perennial candytuft Iberis umbellata - globe candytuft
They are used as ornamental plants for rock gardens, bedding, and borders in full sun or light shade.

## Trophic connections

These plants provide nourishment for a number of insect species of which the rare Euchloe tagis butterfly is the most striking example as it is monophagous on species in this genus.

## Biochemical defenses

Species in the genus Iberis contain not only glucosinolates, which are characteristic chemical defenses of the Brassicaceae plant family, but also cucurbitacins, which are better known as chemical defenses in the Cucurbitaceae plant family. Cucurbitacins from Iberis amara have antifeedant activity against the Brassicaceae-feeding specialist Pieris rapae (cabbage butterfly). Cucurbitacins from Iberis umbellata (globe candytuft) are ecdysteroid antagonists, acting on the ecdysteroid receptor of insects.
# Victor L. Robles

Victor L. Robles (born June 15, 1945) is an American politician from New York.

## Biography

Robles was born on June 15, 1945, in Fajardo, Puerto Rico. He grew up in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, where he was raised by the Puerto Rican-American community activist Aurea M. Blanco. At a young age, he was asked by his mother to translate for her at neighborhood meetings and protests; through these activities, he caught the attention of former assemblyman and State Supreme Court Justice Gilbert Ramirez, who introduced him to Shirley Chisholm. He went on to work on Chisholm's staff, and entered politics as a Democrat.
Robles was a member of the New York State Assembly from 1979 to 1984, sitting in the 183rd, 184th and 185th New York State Legislatures. He was a member of the New York City Council from 1985 to 2001. In October 2001, he was elected by the City Council as City Clerk of New York. He remained in office until July 2007.
# Virgil Bozeman

Virgil Fackney Bozeman, Jr. (June 6, 1912 – March 9, 2007) was an American lawyer and politician.
Born in Fort Smith, Arkansas, Bozeman moved with his family to Moline, Illinois. Bozeman graduated from Moline High School and served in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II. Bozeman went to University of Illinois, University of Iowa, and Augustana College. He received his law degree from Southern Methodist University Law School and taught law at the law school. He practiced law in Dallas, Texas and then moved back to Moline, Illinois where he continued to practice law. Bozeman served in the Illinois House of Representatives in 1949 and 1950 and was a Democrat. He died at the Fairview Baptist Home in Downers Grove, Illinois.
# Aigen im Mühlkreis

Aigen im Mühlkreis is a village and a former municipality in Rohrbach District in the Austrian state of Upper Austria. On 1 May 2015 Aigen im Mühlkreis municipality was merged with Schlägl to form Aigen-Schlägl municipality.
As of 1 January 2018, population of the town was 1778.

## Geography

Aigen im Mühlkreis lies in the upper Mühlviertel.

## Personalities

It is the site of Nicholas Treadwell's gallery.

## Economy

Aigen D.M. is one of the industries related to Aigen.
# Old Rectory, Carcoar

Old Rectory is a heritage-listed former rectory and now residence at Belubula Street, Carcoar, Blayney Shire, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by Edmund Blacket and built in 1849. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

## History

The Old Rectory was designed by Edmund Blacket in 1849 as a rectory for St. Paul's Anglican Church (1848), also a Blacket building. The Old Rectory was also partly used as a school to supplement the rector's income.
New owners in the 1970s renovated the property and began restoring the grounds, which had become a "wilderness" overgrown with blackberries.
In 1982 the owners of the Old Rectory were granted $25,000 from the Heritage Conservation fund. The grant was used to assist in the restoration of the building. As one of the conditions attached to the assistance the owners applied to the Minister for the making of a Permanent Conservation Order over the item. To ensure the long term protection of the building the Heritage Council recommended to the Minister that a Permanent Conservation Order be placed over the building.
The Permanent Conservation Order was gazetted on 26 October 1984. It was transferred to the State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

## Description

The Old Rectory is a large 17 room brick building. It has a basement, two floors and an attic. The building is Gothic in style and has a number of leadlight windows. It has stone foundations.

## Heritage listing

The Old Rectory was designed by Edmund Blacket in 1849 as a rectory for St. Paul's Anglican Church (1848), also designed by Blacket. The Old Rectory is an important component of the historic village of Carcoar.
The Old Rectory was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.
# Hasimara Air Force Station

Hasimara Air Force Station (ICAO: VEHX) is an Indian Air Force (IAF) base located in Alipurduar district, West Bengal, India. Hasimara is located strategically near the Indo-Bhutan border. It is also the closest Indian air base to the Chumbi Valley - the tri-junction between the Indian state of Sikkim, Bhutan and the Tibet Autonomous Region.

## History

The Hashimara AFS was established in the sub-Himalayan region of West Bengal after the Sino-Indian War of 1962. It has completed 50 years of operational existence in April 2013. The station was activated on April 7, 1963, when an IAF Caribou aircraft landed and dropped off its first Station Commander, Wing Commander DG King-Lee. The decision to establish the air base here was taken after the 1962 war. The airbase took active part in the Indo-Pak conflict of 1965 and the Indo-Pak war in 1971.
It was home to No. 22 Squadron IAF in India.

## Facilities

The airport is situated at an elevation of 340 ft (104 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway with concrete surfaces: 11R/29L measuring 9,000 by 148 feet (2,743 by 45 m).

## Assets

In July 2021,the second squadron of Dassault Rafale fighter jets was inducted into No. 101 Squadron IAF at Hasimara.
# Orthopedic mattress

An orthopedic mattress (or orthopaedic mattress) is a mattress designed to support the joints, back and overall body. The product is informed by the medical study of orthopaedics which focuses on disorders or deformities of the spine and joints. Orthopaedic mattresses have been created to combat the problems one might experience with a bad back or joints by providing a firm mattress which offers targeted, tailored support.

## History and regulations

With medical innovations and discoveries regarding bone and joint function in the 1950s, many manufacturers of mattresses made an effort to improve their products and give them an edge over their competitors. However, since there has not been a government standard or official designation that will qualify one mattress to be orthopaedic over others in most countries, and all modern mattresses support the back and joints to a lesser or greater extent, the modern use of the term "orthopaedic" has largely become a marketing term. Mattress manufacturers, in all countries, are not required by law to provide proof of testing to support claims of a mattress being orthopaedic.
# Homer M. Butler

Homer Marx Butler (October 15, 1904 – May 24, 1982) was an American newspaper editor, journalist, and politician.
Born in Marion, Illinois, Butler graduated from Marion High School in 1923. He went to Illinois College in Jacksonville, Illinois and the Southern Illinois University. Butler worked as a reporter and editor for the Marion Daily Republican newspaper in Marion, Illinois. He served on the Marion Board of Education and the Marion City Council. He was elected to the Illinois Senate from the 50th district in the 1944 general election. In the 1950 general election, Butler returned to the Illinois House of Representatives in the 67th General Assembly before once more serving in the Illinois Senate in the 1952 general election.
In the 1956 general election, Democratic candidate William Grindle defeated Butler for reelection. Butler then served again in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1959 to 1963. He was a Republican. Butler died at Marion Memorial Hospital in Marion. His son Robert L. Butler served as mayor of Marion, Illinois for over fifty years.
# John Brecken

John Brecken (February 23, 1800 – November 2, 1847) was a businessman and political figure on Prince Edward Island. He represented Charlottetown in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1829 to 1834.
He was born in Charlottetown, the son of Ralph Brecken, who had served as speaker in the provincial assembly, and Matilda Robinson, the daughter of Joseph Robinson. When he was thirteen, his father died and his mother took over the operation of the business. Brecken served as deputy treasurer for the colony and resident director for the Bank of British North America. In 1826, he married Margaret Leah de St Croix. He was named to the colony's Council in 1834, serving until his death in Charlottetown in 1847.
His son Frederick de St Croix Brecken served in the provincial assembly and the Canadian House of Commons.
Several of his sisters married members of the Legislative Council:
* Jane Rebecca married Thomas Heath Haviland
* Anna Matilda married Donald McDonald
* Barbara Leila Alice married James Ellis Peake
Brecken's grandfather, also named John, also served in the colony's assembly.
# Alexander de Voogt

Alexander Johan de Voogt or simply Alex de Voogt (Baarn, 3 May 1970) is a Dutch researcher and Professor at Drew University, who worked as a curator of African Ethnology at the American Museum of Natural History and best known for his work on the history and distribution of traditional mancala games. He is also editor of Board Game Studies, the main scientific journal on the history of board games.
De Voogt began studying mancala in the 1990s, while he was in Zanzibar studying Swahili. At the time, he began analyzing the rules and strategies of the Bao mancala game (one of the most complex mancala games) by interviewing acknowledged Zanzibari "Bao masters". In 1995 he published his PhD thesis Limits of the Mind: Towards a Characterization of Bao Mastership where he analyzed the intellectual abilities required to master the Bao game.
The work on Bao set the basis for all subsequent research activities by De Voogt. Among the many mancala games De Voogt has been collecting information on and studying there are Katro (Madagascar), Owela (Namibia), Warri (Barbados), Hawalis (Oman), Ohvalhu (Maldives), Mangaley (Syria) and Olinda Keliya (Sri Lanka).

## Selected writings

* Limits of the mind: Towards a characterisation of the bao mastership, 1995
* New approaches to board games research: asian origins and future perspectives, 1995
* Mancala Board Games, British Museum Press, Londra 1997
* Seeded players: East African game of Bao, Natural History, New York, 1998.
* Distribution of mancala board games: A methodological Inquiry, «Board Games Studies» 2, 1999, pp. 104–114.
* (with H. H. L. M. Donkers and J. W. H. M Uiterwijk) Human versus machine problem-solving: Winning openings in Dakon, in «Board Games Studies», 3, pp. 79–88, 2000
* (with H. H. L. M. Donkers and J. W. H. M. Uiterwijk) Mancala games: Topics in mathematics and artificial intelligence, in Proceedings of the Colloquium Board Games in Academia IV, Fribourg: Edition Universitaire 2001, pp. 133–146.
* (with F. Gobet and J. Retschitzki) Moves in Mind: The Psychology of Board Games. Psychology Press, Hove 2004.
* "A question of excellence, a century of African masters". Africa World Press, Trenton NJ 2005.
* "Mancala games and their suitability for players with visual impairments", Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness 104(11):725–731.
* (with W. Crist and A.-E. Dunn-Vaturi) "Ancient Egyptian at Play: Board Games Across Borders", Bloomsbury Academic Press, London, 2016.
# Sambadrome

Sambadrome (Portuguese: Sambódromo) is the name given to an exhibition place for the Samba schools parades during Carnaval in Brazil. A sambadrome generally consists of tiered spectator viewing areas surrounding a long alley for the schools to parade down.

## Sambadromes in Brazilian state capitals

| Sambadrome | City |
| Sambadrome Marquês de Sapucaí | Rio de Janeiro |
| Anhembi Sambadrome | São Paulo |
| Convention Center of Manaus | Manaus |
| Porto Seco's Cultural Complex | Porto Alegre |
| People's Sambão | Vitória |
| Passarela Nego Quirido | Florianópolis |
| Sambadrome School of Popular Arts | Macapá |
| David Miguel Village of Amazon Culture | Belém |

### Other cities

| Sambadrome | City |
| Municipal Sambadrome of Bauru | Bauru |
| Address of Samba | Cabo Frio |
| Escola Multiuso Hildenburgo Moreira | Laguna |
| Sambadrome of Paulinia | Paulínia |
| Sambadrome of Santos | Santos |
| Sambadrome of Bebedouro | Bebedouro |
* This article related to the culture of Brazil is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Rudi Hornig

Rudi Hornig (10 August 1938 – May 2014) was a German boxer. He competed in the men's light heavyweight event at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
# Perley A. Pitcher

Perley A. Pitcher (January 27, 1877 in Pamelia, Jefferson County, New York – February 20, 1939 in Albany, New York) was an American lawyer and politician from New York. He was Temporary President of the New York State Senate in 1939.

## Life

He was the son of John P. Pitcher and Mary Olive Delia (Root) Pitcher. He studied law in Watertown. He married Louella Northup Cox (1876–1947).
He was a member of the New York State Senate (37th D.) from 1925 until his death in 1939, sitting in the 148th, 149th, 150th, 151st, 152nd, 153rd, 154th, 155th, 156th, 157th, 158th, 159th, 160th, 161st and 162nd New York State Legislatures. He was the Republican Floor Leader at the New York State Constitutional Convention of 1938 and was elected Temporary President of the State Senate at the beginning of the session, in 1939.
Less than two months into the legislative session, he died in his hotel room in Albany, New York. He was buried at the North Watertown Cemetery in Watertown.

## Sources

* Obituary in New York Times on February 21, 1939 (subscription required)
* The Pitcher Book:A Genealogical History of the Descendants of Andrew Pitcher and Margaret Russell Who Settled in Milton, Massachusetts, 1634-2007 by William Richard Phipps (pages 301f; Heritage Books, 2007, ISBN 0-7884-4482-4, ISBN 978-0-7884-4482-1 ) (stating wrong birthplace and dying place)
New York State Senate :
| Preceded byWillard S. Augsbury | New York State Senate 37th District 1925–1939 | Succeeded byIsaac B. Mitchell |
| Political offices |||
| Preceded byGeorge R. Fearon | Minority Leader in the New York State Senate 1937–1938 | Succeeded byJohn J. Dunnigan |
| Preceded byJohn J. Dunnigan | Temporary President of the New York State Senate 1939 | Succeeded byJoe R. Hanley |