OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# D. Bernard Amos

Dennis Bernard Amos (April 16, 1923 – May 15, 2003) was a British-born American immunologist. National Academies Press called him "one of the most distinguished scientists of the genetics of individuality of the twentieth century". In 1969, Amos and Dr. David Hume founded the first regional organ sharing program in the United States. Amos made significant contributions in immunogenetics, tumor immunity, and transplantation immunology.

## Awards and distinctions

Amos was president of the American Association of Immunologists, president and founder of the International Transplantation Society, and the co-founder and editor-in-chief of the journal Human Immunology. Amos was elected to the National Academies of Science. He received the 3M Award from FASEB, the Rose Payne Award for Distinguished Science by the American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics, and the National Institutes of Health Research Career Award. He was awarded the Golding Bird Prize in Bacteriology as well as the Leonard Luubock Gold Medal. Amos was professor of immunology and experimental surgery at Duke University from 1962 to 1993.

## Life and career

Amos was born April 16, 1923, in Bromley, Kent, England. He earned his B.S. and M.B from Chelsea Polytechnic and his M.D. from Guy's Hospital Medical School in 1963. He died in Durham, North Carolina on May 15, 2003.
# Shandong Volleyball (men's volleyball)

Shandong Volleyball is a men's volleyball team from Laiwu founded in 1956.
As of 2023, their ranking was 438th in the "Top Men's Volleyball Teams" and 4th in the Chinese Volleyball League.
# Mary MacKillop Bridge

The Mary MacKillop Bridge is a bascule bridge in Adelaide, Australia that carries the Dry Creek-Port Adelaide railway line over the Port River.
In July 2005, Abigroup was awarded a contract to build a railway bridge and the adjoining Tom 'Diver' Derrick Bridge to carry the Port River Expressway over the Port River. The bridge was built as part of a project to divert the Dry Creek-Port Adelaide line away from the Rosewater loop and bypass the suburban network.
It was opened on 1 August 2008 by Premier Mike Rann.
# James Houston Thomas

James Houston Thomas (September 22, 1808 – August 4, 1876) was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives for Tennessee's 6th congressional district.

## Biography

Thomas was born in Iredell County, North Carolina on September 22, 1808. He attended the rural schools and graduated from Jackson College, Columbia, Tennessee in 1830. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1831, and commenced practice in Columbia, Tennessee. He owned slaves. He married Margaret Meeds Stevens.

## Career

From 1836 to 1842, Thomas served as Attorney General of Tennessee.
Thomas was elected as a Democrat to the Thirtieth and Thirty-first Congresses. Though he was not a successful candidate for re-election in 1850 to the Thirty-second Congress, he was later elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress. He served from March 4, 1847 to March 3, 1851 and from March 4, 1859 to March 3, 1861. He resumed the practice of law in Columbia, Tennessee. He was a Delegate from Tennessee to the Confederate Provisional Congress from 1861 to 1862.

## Death

Thomas died in Fayetteville, Tennessee in Lincoln County on August 4, 1876 (age 67 years, 317 days). He is interred at St. John's Cemetery in Ashwood in Maury County, Tennessee.
# El Pasig

El Pasig was a Filipino biweekly newspaper, published in Manila from July 1862, and closed after a few months of operation in January 1863. It published educational content and is historically significant as the first publication to feature texts in native Philippine languages. Its closure influenced colonial authorities' policies toward the press in Filipino languages.

## History

El Pasig was published in Manila and directed by Acisclo Sierra. Its first issue appeared on 13 July 1862, though some sources erroneously cite 1864 as the year it began circulation. The last, twelfth issue was released only a few months later, in January 1863. The subscription cost was one and a half reales in Manila and two reales outside the capital.
Scholars note that understanding the full history of this publication is difficult due to the limited number of available sources. Possible reasons for its downfall include the high subscription price, a small potential readership, and content that failed to generate sufficient interest among readers.

## Content

The newspaper was intended to be educational, promoting science and knowledge. It dedicated considerable space to agricultural topics, while also publishing poetry and reports on local events. Additionally, it aimed to inform readers about developments in the metropolis and other countries.

## Significance

Despite its short existence, El Pasig holds an important place in Philippine history. It was primarily a Spanish-language publication, but it was the first newspaper in the archipelago to feature content in languages other than Spanish. Most notably, it included articles written in Tagalog. Occasionally, there were also texts in other Philippine languages such as Ilocano, Bikol, and Pangasinan, with some sources also mentioning Cebuano. These texts were often contributions from the readers themselves, who sent in their translations of articles previously published in El Pasig in Spanish.
Its significance, however, extends beyond just linguistic matters. Paradoxically, it was the failure of El Pasig and the lack of significant interest in it that lulled the colonial authorities and Spanish censors into a false sense of security. They began to view attempts at creating a native Filipino press more favorably, assuming that it did not pose a threat to Spanish rule. Nearly 20 years after the closure of El Pasig, the bilingual Diariong Tagalog emerged, considered the first Tagalog newspaper. The permission for its publication was granted after discussions that referenced the brief existence of El Pasig. In 1889, the first issue of the bilingual El Ilocano was published, which, like Diariong Tagalog, was printed in both Spanish and Ilocano. This newspaper was also the first to be financed, edited, and published by a Filipino, without the involvement of individuals from the metropolis.
# Chauncey L. Knapp

Chauncey Langdon Knapp (February 26, 1809 – May 31, 1898) was an American newspaperman and politician who served two terms as a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts from 1855 to 1859.

## Biography

Chauncey Langdon Knapp was born in Berlin, Vermont, February 26, 1809. He was trained as a printer, and became a newspaperman in Montpelier. For a number of years, he was co-proprietor and editor of the State Journal, Vermont's main Anti-Masonic Party newspaper. Interested in politics, he served as Secretary of State of Vermont from 1836 to 1843.

### Career

In 1843, he visited Lowell, Massachusetts, and met poet John Greenleaf Whittier, at the time editor of Lowell's Middlesex Standard (the voice of the Anti-slavery Movement and the Liberty Party). Whittier invited Knapp to stay in Lowell, take over as editor, and continue the fight against slavery and for social reform in Lowell. Knapp accepted and he eventually moved from editor of the Middlesex Standard to editor of the Lowell Citizen and News. He ran unsuccessfully for Congress as a Liberty Party candidate in 1846 and as a member of the Free Soil Party in 1848. Knapp was appointed Clerk of the Massachusetts State Senate in 1851.

### Congress

In 1854, Knapp ran as an anti-slavery candidate and was elected to the United States House of Representatives. He was identified with the American Party (the only major party with an anti-slavery plank) while serving in the Thirty-fourth Congress.
When the Republican Party was formed with an anti-slavery plank, Knapp joined it. He was again overwhelmingly elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1857 – March 3, 1859).
During the heated slavery debates in Congress, Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts was severely beaten by Congressman Preston Brooks of South Carolina on May 22, 1856. In response, Congressmen Knapp delivered his first address on the floor of the House, a speech in which he said his constituents viewed the attack as an "audacious blow hurled at the great right of free opinion. . .the primal element and safeguard of constitutional liberty."

## Later career

In 1859, Knapp left Congress and became editor of the Lowell Daily Citizen from 1859-1882.

## Death and burial

He died in Lowell on May 31, 1898, and is buried in the Lowell Cemetery.
Knapp Avenue leading from Rogers Street into the Lowell Cemetery is named for him.
# Robert P. Kennedy

Robert Patterson Kennedy (January 23, 1840 – May 6, 1918) was a U.S. representative from Ohio from 1886 to 1891. He was also an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

## Biography

Born in Bellefontaine, Ohio, Kennedy attended the public schools and Geneva College in Northwood, Ohio. He was studying at Yale University when the American Civil War broke out.

## Military career

He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the 23rd Ohio Infantry on June 11, 1861. He served as a captain and assistant adjutant general dating from October 7, 1862, and was promoted to major and assistant adjutant general on November 16, 1864. He resigned April 8, 1865. Kennedy was commissioned as colonel of the 196th Ohio Infantry, on April 14, 1865. He was brevetted as lieutenant colonel of volunteers and brigadier general of volunteers, both dating from March 13, 1865.

## Political career

Upon the end of the war and his resignation from the volunteer army, Kennedy returned to Bellefontaine. He studied law with judge William H. West. He was admitted to the bar in 1866 and commenced practice in Bellefontaine. He was appointed by President Rutherford B. Hayes as collector of internal revenue for the fourth district of Ohio, serving from 1878 to 1883. He was the lieutenant governor of Ohio from 1885 to 1887.

### Congress

Kennedy was elected from Ohio's 8th District as a Republican to the Fiftieth and Fifty-first Congresses (March 4, 1887 – March 4, 1891). He was not a candidate for renomination in 1890.

### Later career

He was appointed by President William McKinley in 1899 as a member of the Insular Commission, which was directed to investigate and report upon conditions existing in Cuba and Puerto Rico and served as its president.

## Death

Robert P. Kennedy died in Columbus, Ohio in 1918 at the age of 78.

## Private life and family

Kennedy was a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, a Scottish Rite Freemason, and member of the Presbyterian Church. He was married on December 29, 1862 at Bellefontaine to Maria Lewis Gardner of that city. She died in 1893, leaving four children. He married at Wabash, Indiana to Emma (Cowgill) Mendenhall of that city on September 4, 1894. She survived him.
Despite his name and profession, he was not related to the Kennedy political family.
Kennedy was the author of The Historical Review of Logan County, Ohio, published in 1903 by The S. J. Clarke Publishing Co., Chicago.
# Beaucoups of Blues (song)

"Beaucoups of Blues" is the title song from Ringo Starr's 1970 country album of the same name. It was released as Starr's first solo single on 5 October 1970 on Apple in several countries, but not the UK, and entered the charts in both the US and Germany where it reached number 87 and number 43 respectively. The song was written by Nashville singer-songwriter Buzz Rabin, and appeared on his 1974 solo album Cross Country Cowboy.
Starr recorded "Beaucoups of Blues" in Nashville during an overnight session on 25–26 June 1970. He selected it from material compiled by Pete Drake, his producer, who had amassed a collection of potential songs from Nashville songwriters for Starr's country album.
The B-Side "Coochy Coochy" was written by Starr.
Cash Box described the song as a "fine country single," further stating that it is "gentle and easy going and Ringo sounds right at home." Record World said that "Ringo Starr's C&W warblings will not go unnoticed in either the country or pop fields."
The song was later included on Starr's greatest hits albums Blast from Your Past and Photograph: The Very Best of Ringo Starr. In 2015, it was included on the album Dylan, Cash, and the Nashville Cats: A New Music City, released to accompany the similarly titled exhibition at the Country Music Hall of Fame.
# Wynand Malan

Wynand Malan (born 25 May 1943) is a South African liberal Afrikaner politician and lawyer.

## Life and career

A lawyer, Malan entered politics in the 1977 South African election when he was elected to the South Africa's all white parliament as the National Party MP for Randburg.
A member of the NP's reform wing, he was critical of P.W. Botha for being too timid in his constitutional reforms in the 1980s and was also critical of the state of emergency implemented by Botha. In the 1987 general election, he left the NP and ran as one of three independent candidates along with former ambassador to London Dennis Worrall and businesswoman Susan Lategan. He was the only one of the trio elected, probably because he was the only incumbent. He subsequently quarreled with Worrall and so the two formed two separate political parties after the election. In early 1989 these two new parties joined up with the veteran Progressive Federal Party to form the Democratic Party, which won a record number of seats for a liberal party in the September 1989 whites-only election. He subsequently became one of three co-leaders of the new party and retained his parliamentary seat in the 1989 general election by defeating former Ambassador to Canada Glenn Babb who was running for the NP. Malan remained in the DP's leadership until 1993.
From 1995 to 1998, Malan was a Commissioner of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, which was chaired by Archbishop Desmond Tutu.
Malan later joined the African National Congress in 2001 and served as an advisor to former president Thabo Mbeki.
# Alfred E. Reames

Alfred Evan Reames (February 5, 1870 – March 4, 1943) was an American attorney and politician from the state of Oregon. A native Oregonian, he served as a United States Senator for nine months in 1938. A Democrat, he practiced law in Portland, Eugene, and Jacksonville.

## Early life

Alfred Reames was born in Jacksonville, Oregon, as the son of Thomas G. Reames and Lucinda Williams on February 5, 1870. He received his primary education in the public schools of Jacksonville. For college Reames first attended University of the Pacific in California and then returned to Oregon to attend the University of Oregon in Eugene. In 1891, he married Edith L. Tongue of Hillsboro, Oregon, the daughter of former representative Thomas H. Tongue. Then in 1893 Alfred Reames earned his law degree from Washington and Lee University in Virginia. That same year he returned to Oregon and began law practice in Eugene after passing the bar.

## Legal career

After practicing in Eugene until 1894 he moved to Portland, Oregon, to continue practicing law. In 1895 his wife Edith died, and he returned to Jacksonville where he practiced law until 1902. From 1900 to 1908 he served as the district attorney for Josephine Jackson, Klamath, and Lake counties in southwestern Oregon. In 1911 he resumed private law practice in Medford, Oregon. There Reames became a part owner of the Deep Gravel Mining Company and president of Three Pines Timber Company. Then on February 1, 1938 Oregon Governor Charles H. Martin appointed Alfred Reames to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy created when Senator Frederick Steiwer resigned from Congress. The Democrat served until November 8, 1938, when Alexander G. Barry was elected. Reames did not run in the fall election.

## Later life

In 1923 Reames remarried and had one son with Lillian L. Lanning who was from Albany, Oregon. After Congress he returned to private practice. He was an incorporator of the Jacksonville Electric Company, responsible for the construction of the Jacksonville substation. On March 4, 1943, Alfred Evan Reames died in Medford and was buried at Siskiyou Memorial Park.
# Derrick Curtis

Derrick G. Curtis (born 1968/69) is an American politician who has served as the alderman of Chicago's 18th ward since 2015. He became the Democratic committeeman of the ward in 2011 after Lona Lane stepped down from that position. Curtis had previously been the ward's Streets and Sanitation superintendent, with more than 25 years of experience as a precinct captain. He ran against Lane in the 2015 aldermanic race and defeated her in a runoff. He was sworn into office on May 18, 2015.
He won reelection in 2019, defeating Chuks Onyezia in the first round. During her term in office, Curtis was considered to be a City council ally of Mayor Lori Lightfoot. He had originally endorsed her for reelection in the 2023 Chicago mayoral election, but withdrew his endorsement after she did not reach out to Curtis after an incident in which Curtis accidentally shot himself while cleaning a gun. Around three months after that incident, Curtis's adult daughter was accidentally shot during a firearm training session he was leading.
# Arrondissement of La Rochelle

The Arrondissement of La Rochelle (French: arrondissement de La Rochelle) is an arrondissement of France, located in the Charente-Maritime department, region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. It has 58 communes. Its population is 227,693 (2021), and its area is 852.8 km$^2$ (329.3 sq mi).

## Composition

The communes of the arrondissement of La Rochelle, and their INSEE codes, are:
* Andilly (17008)
* Angliers (17009)
* Angoulins (17010)
* Ars-en-Ré (17019)
* Aytré (17028)
* Benon (17041)
* Le Bois-Plage-en-Ré (17051)
* Bourgneuf (17059)
* Charron (17091)
* Châtelaillon-Plage (17340)
* Clavette (17109)
* La Couarde-sur-Mer (17121)
* Courçon (17127)
* Cramchaban (17132)
* Croix-Chapeau (17136)
* Dompierre-sur-Mer (17142)
* Esnandes (17153)
* Ferrières (17158)
* La Flotte (17161)
* La Grève-sur-Mignon (17182)
* Le Gué-d'Alleré (17186)
* L'Houmeau (17190)
* La Jarne (17193)
* La Jarrie (17194)
* Lagord (17200)
* La Laigne (17201)
* Loix (17207)
* Longèves (17208)
* Marans (17218)
* Marsilly (17222)
* Montroy (17245)
* Nieul-sur-Mer (17264)
* Nuaillé-d'Aunis (17267)
* Périgny (17274)
* Les Portes-en-Ré (17286)
* Puilboreau (17291)
* Rivedoux-Plage (17297)
* La Rochelle (17300)
* La Ronde (17303)
* Saint-Christophe (17315)
* Saint-Clément-des-Baleines (17318)
* Saint-Cyr-du-Doret (17322)
* Sainte-Marie-de-Ré (17360)
* Sainte-Soulle (17407)
* Saint-Jean-de-Liversay (17349)
* Saint-Martin-de-Ré (17369)
* Saint-Médard-d'Aunis (17373)
* Saint-Ouen-d'Aunis (17376)
* Saint-Rogatien (17391)
* Saint-Sauveur-d'Aunis (17396)
* Saint-Vivien (17290)
* Saint-Xandre (17414)
* Salles-sur-Mer (17420)
* Taugon (17439)
* Thairé (17443)
* Vérines (17466)
* Villedoux (17472)
* Yves (17340)

## History

The arrondissement of La Rochelle was created in 1800. At the January 2017 reorganisation of the arrondissements of Charente-Maritime, it gained two communes from the arrondissement of Rochefort, and it lost one commune to the arrondissement of Rochefort.
As a result of the reorganisation of the cantons of France which came into effect in 2015, the borders of the cantons are no longer related to the borders of the arrondissements. The cantons of the arrondissement of La Rochelle were, as of January 2015:
* Ars-en-Ré
* Aytré
* Courçon
* La Jarrie
* Marans
* La Rochelle-1
* La Rochelle-2
* La Rochelle-3
* La Rochelle-4
* La Rochelle-5
* La Rochelle-6
* La Rochelle-7
* La Rochelle-8
* La Rochelle-9
* Saint-Martin-de-Ré
# Compound of six tetrahedra

Compound of six tetrahedra :
| Type | Uniform compound |
| Convex hull | Nonuniform truncated octahedron |
| Index | UC$_3$ |
| Polyhedra | 6 tetrahedra |
| Faces | 24 triangles |
| Edges | 36 |
| Vertices | 24 |
| Symmetry group | octahedral (O$_h$) |
| Subgroup restricting to one constituent | 2-fold antiprismatic (D$_{2d}$) |
The compound of six tetrahedra is a uniform polyhedron compound. It's composed of a symmetric arrangement of 6 tetrahedra. It can be constructed by inscribing a stella octangula within each cube in the compound of three cubes, or by stellating each octahedron in the compound of three octahedra.
It is one of only five polyhedral compounds (along with the compound of two great dodecahedra, the compound of five great dodecahedra, the compound of two small stellated dodecahedra, and the compound of five small stellated dodecahedra) which is vertex-transitive and face-transitive but not edge-transitive.
# HTS

HTS may refer to:

## Military

* Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham, a militant group involved in the Syrian civil war
* Helicopter Training School, of the Indian Air Force
* Human Terrain System, a US military program

## Places

* Holy Trinity School (Richmond Hill), Ontario, Canada
* Haibat Shahid railway station (station code HTS), in Pakistan
* Tri-State Airport (IATA airport code HTS), West Virginia, US
* The Heights (disambiguation) (Hts.)

## Science and technology

* High-temperature superconductivity, in physics
* High-throughput satellite, a communications satellite
* High-throughput screening, a drug discovery method
* High-throughput sequencing, in DNA sequencing
* Horizontal tab set, in the C1 control code set

## Other uses

* Hadza language (ISO 639 code hts), spoken in Tanzania
* HackThisSite, a website
* HTS Teologiese Studies, formerly Hervormde Teologiese Studies, a South African theological journal
* Home Team Sports, a former American sports network
# Energetically Autonomous Tactical Robot

The Energetically Autonomous Tactical Robot (EATR) was a project by Robotic Technology Inc. (RTI) and Cyclone Power Technologies Inc. in partnership with the University of Maryland, College Park's Center for Technology and Systems Management and Professor Bilal M. Ayyub. to develop a robotic vehicle that could forage for plant biomass to fuel itself, theoretically operating indefinitely. It was a concept developed between 2003 and 2009 as part of the DARPA military projects for the United States military.
Joe Rogan elicited some conspiracy theories and media rumors after he claimed on his podcast "Joe Rogan Experience" that the robot would (or at least could) ingest human remains to keep powering itself. Cyclone Power Technologies stated that animal or human biomass was not intended to be used in the waste heat combustion engine of the robot, and that sensors would be able to distinguish foraged materials, although the project overview from RTI listed other sources including chicken fat.

## Power plant

The robot was powered by a steam engine built by the Cyclone Power Technologies company called the Cyclone Waste Heat Engine, which produced power through external combustion of biomass (i.e. combustion outside of the engine), an example of a Rankine cycle engine. The engine would power the vehicle's movement as well as used to recharge the batteries that run the sensors, arms and ancillary devices.

### Fuel sources

The EATR was programmed to consume certain types of vegetation as biomass to convert into fuel, and only those types of vegetation. EATR could also use other fuels such as gasoline, kerosene, cooking oil, or solar energy.
The company also included "chicken fat" as one of its proposed fuel sources in the project overview.
The system was quoted as delivering an expected 100 miles (~161 km) of driving on 150 lbs (~68 kg) of vegetation.