OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Edwin F. Ladd

Edwin Fremont Ladd (December 13, 1859 – June 22, 1925) was an American chemist, academic administrator, and politician. While serving in the United States Senate, he was chairman of the Committee on Public Roads and Surveys during the 68th Congress.

## Biography

He was born in Starks, Maine on December 13, 1859. He attended the public schools and Somerset Academy (Athens, Maine) and graduated from the University of Maine at Orono in 1884. He was a chemist of the New York State Experiment Station in Geneva, New York from 1884 to 1890 and dean of the school of chemistry and pharmacy and professor of chemistry at the North Dakota Agricultural College, Fargo, North Dakota. He was chief chemist of the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station from 1890 to 1916 and editor of the North Dakota Farmer at Lisbon from 1899 to 1904. He was administrator of the State's pure-food laws, for which he actively crusaded from 1902 to 1921; he was also president of the North Dakota Agricultural College from 1916 to 1921.
Ladd was elected as a Republican to the U.S. Senate in 1920 and served from March 4, 1921. He died at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland on June 22, 1925. Interment was in Glenwood Cemetery, Washington, D.C.
# Eastern Mari people

The Eastern Mari are a subgroup of the Mari people, a Volga Finnic ethnic group of Russia. Eastern Mari comprise those Mari living outside of the Mari El Republic, east of the Vyatka River in the Kama and Ural regions. They are concentrated in Bashkortostan, particularly in the Mishkinsky District, Birsky District, and in Neftekamsk. Eastern Mari populations are also found in southern Sverdlovsk Oblast and in Perm Krai. They make up between a quarter and a third of the general Mari population. According to academic Seppo Lallukka, Eastern Mari is more of a scholarly category than an ethnically unified subgroup.
The Eastern Mari language variety includes loanwords and influence from Russian, Tatar, and Bashkir.

## Culture

About two thirds of Eastern Mari live in rural areas, and they are traditionally farmers. Folk religion is an important part of daily life for the Mari of the Ural region, and they preserve many rituals that have been lost among other Mari groups. Similarly to Meadow Mari, Ural Mari have a pronounced emphasis on traditional familial principles compared to neighboring ethnic groups.
Mari in Bashkortostan mainly practice a syncretic combination of Russian Orthodoxy and traditional Mari religion, although Finnish Lutheran missionary efforts have established several Lutheran Mari communities in the republic which incorporate aspects of traditional Mari culture.
# William E. Cox

William Elijah Cox (September 6, 1861 – March 11, 1942) was an American lawyer and politician who served six terms as a U.S. Representative from Indiana from 1907 to 1919.

## Early life and career

Born on a farm near Birdseye, Indiana, Cox attended the common and high schools of Huntingburg and Jasper, Indiana. He graduated from Lebanon University, Tennessee, in 1888. He then went to the law department of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor from which he graduated in 1889.
He was admitted to the bar July 10, 1889, and commenced practice at Rockport, Indiana, moving to Jasper, Indiana, later in the same year. He served as prosecuting attorney for the eleventh judicial district of Indiana 1892-1898.

## Congress

Cox was elected as a Democrat to the Sixtieth and to the five succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1907 – March 3, 1919). He served as chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Department of the Treasury (Sixty-second Congress). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1918 to the Sixty-sixth Congress.

## Later career and death

He resumed the practice of law and also was engaged with a desk-manufacturing company, serving as president at the time of his death.
He died in Jasper, Indiana, March 11, 1942. He was interred in Fairmount Cemetery, Huntingburg, Indiana.
# Hathui, Abbess of Gernrode

Hathui (also Hadwig and Hedwig) (born c. 939; died 4 July 1014) was a member of the Saxon House of Billung, who was the first abbess of Gernrode (r.959-1014).

## Family

Hathui was the daughter of Wichmann the Elder, of the House of Billung, and an unknown woman. Because Thietmar of Merseburg called Hauthi the niece (neptis) of Queen Matilda, Hathui's mother has sometimes been identified as one of Matilda's sisters, Bia or Frederuna. Hathui had at least two brothers: Wichmann the Younger and Eckbert. Bruno, Bishop of Verden may also have been Hathui's brother. Hathui was a cousin of Emperor Otto I.

## Marriage

In 952, when she was about thirteen years old, Hathui married Siegfried, son of Margrave Gero of the Saxon Eastern March, who stood high in Otto I's favour. Siegfried died only a few years later, on 24 June 959. The couple had no surviving children.

## Abbess of Gernrode and Vreden

After Siegfried's death, Hathui became a nun and, at the request of her father-in-law, Gero, she became abbess of Gero's new foundation of Gernrode. Gero's second son, Gero, also died in 959, leaving him without heirs, so he donated the bulk of his property to Gernrode. Hathui was consecrated in 962 by Bishop Bernard of Halberstadt. She remained abbess of Gernrode until her death 55 years later. Hathui was also abbess of Vreden, where she shared the office of advocate with her nephew, Wichmann III, son of Eckbert.

## Legend

Hathui is said to have cared for and healed the sick at the ‘Sacred Pool’ (Heiliger Teich) south of Gernrode. After her death in 1014 the water of the pool is said to have turned first blood-red, then bright green, before returning to its normal colour.
# Louis Bonnet

Louis Eugène Bonnet (6 October 1815 – 26 November 1892) was a French doctor and politician who was Senator of Ain from 1876 to 1885.

## Life

Louis Eugène Bonnet was born in Jujurieux, Ain, on 6 October 1815. He obtained a doctorate in medicine at Paris, then for some time worked as an internal surgeon in the hospitals of Lyon. He then returned to Ain to practice medicine. He became a general councilor for the canton of Poncin, Ain.

## Senator

On 30 January 1876, Bonnet was elected senator of Ain. He joined the moderate left. In June 1877, he voted against the dissolution of the Chamber of Deputies. He fought the government of May 16th with the Republican minority. In 1879, he supported the ministry of Jules Armand Dufaure. On 9 March 1890, he voted for article 7 of Jules Ferry's project for free higher education. On 9, July he voted for amnesty for the members of the Paris Commune. In February 1883, he voted for the bill on expulsion of the princes. In 1884, he voted for reestablishment of divorce.

## Last years

Bonnet did not run for reelection on 25 January 1885. After retiring from public life he returned to his birthplace. He died in Jujurieux, Ain, on 26 November 1892, at the age of 77.

## Publications

* Dr. Louis Eugène Bonnet (1881), Introduction à l'étude les tumeurs, Paris: G. Masson
# Antonio Cabral

Antonio F. D. "Tony" Cabral is the current member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives for the 13th Bristol district. He is of Portuguese descent.

## Early life

In 1969, when Cabral was 14 years old, he and his family emigrated from Pico Island in the Azores to Bristol, Rhode Island. When he first came to the United States, no one in his family spoke English.
He attended school during the day, and worked at night to help support his family. Cabral graduated from Bristol Community College and Southeastern Massachusetts University (now UMass Dartmouth) and began a career as a public school teacher. Cabral taught languages and social studies in Taunton, Massachusetts, Plymouth, Massachusetts, and Carver, Massachusetts before entering politics.

## Massachusetts House of Representatives

Cabral was elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1990. He is the current chairman of the House Committee on Bonding, Capital Expenditures, and State Assets and also serves on the Special Joint Committee on Redistricting.
As a State Representative, Cabral worked to extend historic tax credits, pass anti-bullying legislation, secure education funds for New Bedford, and strengthen registration requirements for sex offenders.
He is also a supporter of New Bedford's fishermen and the South Coast Rail.
He has also supported a proposal that would allow for hearings to be held in cases involving certain types of gun crime.

## 2011 mayoral campaign

On June 6, 2011, Cabral announced that he was running for Mayor of New Bedford. He ran against City Councilor Linda M. Morad and Assistant United States Attorney Jon Mitchell. Incumbent Mayor Scott W. Lang did not run for re-election.
On November 8, 2011, Cabral was defeated in the mayoral race by Mitchell 52%-48%, taking a total of 9,039 votes to Jon Mitchell's 9,878 votes.

## Honours

Cabral has received the Collar of the Order of Timor-Leste in 2017.
# Hiralal Mukherjee

Hiralal Mukherjee (14 October 1886 – 14 December 1962) was an Indian professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He was a member of the "Immortal XI", of Mohun Bagan, that won the IFA Shield in 1911.

## Early life

On 14 October 1886, Mukherjee was born to a middle-class family in the erstwhile Bengal Presidency of British India. He grew up and had his early education in the Bagbazar locality of Calcutta (now Kolkata). At a young age, he lost his father and following which he moved to Howrah with his elder sister. Passing the entrance exam at the Howarh Zilla School in 1904, he got himself enrolled at the Bengal Engineering College (now Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology) in Shibpur. This was when he quit his studies and took to football as a profession. He was encouraged to take up goalkeeping by Sailen Basu, an official at Mohun Bagan, the club which Mukherjee first played for.

## Career

Mukherjee began his club career with Mohun Bagan in 1906. As a goalkeeper, he was known for his ability to storm into the tackles of the opposition strikers.
He was part of the team that won the IFA Shield in 1911, when they beat East Yorkshire Regiment 2–1 in the final. The winning team was titled "Immortal XI" following the victory. This is viewed as a turning point in Indian football, as a team of Indian natives on bare foot had beaten a well coached British team. Mukherjee's best moment at the tournament came when he saved three penalties against Rangers Football Club in the second game of the tournament, a match that Bagan won 2–1.
# Culverhouse

Culverhouse is an English topographic surname, which originally meaning a person who tended or lived near a dovecote, derived from the Old English culfrehus ("dovecote"). Dovecotes were common on English estates in the medieval period. The name may refer to:
* Gay Culverhouse (1947–2020), American academic administrator
* Hugh Culverhouse (1919–1994), American lawyer and NFL team owner
* Ian Culverhouse (born 1964), English footballer
* Mike Culverhouse (born 1951), British police officer
* Peter Culverhouse (1972–2003), British cancer patient
# James S. T. Stranahan

James Samuel Thomas Stranahan (April 25, 1808 – September 3, 1898) was a United States Representative from New York, and a municipal official of the City of Brooklyn.

## Early years

Born in Peterboro, Madison County, New York, to Samuel Stranahan and Lynda Josselyn, he attended the common schools and Cazenovia Seminary. He founded the town of Florence in Oneida County in 1832 and engaged in the lumber business. He was postmaster of Florence and was a member of the New York State Assembly in 1838. He moved to Newark, New Jersey, in 1840 and engaged in building railroads.

## Politics

In 1844, Stranahan moved to Brooklyn, and was elected alderman of that city in 1848. He was elected as an Opposition Party candidate to the Thirty-fourth Congress and held office from March 4, 1855, to March 3, 1857. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1856 to the Thirty-fifth Congress and was appointed as a member of the metropolitan police commission on January 1, 1857. He was a presidential elector on the Republican tickets in 1860 and 1888, and was the president of the Brooklyn Park Commission from 1860 to 1882, where he was instrumental in securing funding and political support for Brooklyn's Prospect Park. For his work in this regard, he became known as the "Baron Haussman of Brooklyn," a not-always-complimentary reference to the man who famously altered Paris's urban fabric. Stranahan was a trustee of the New York and Brooklyn Bridge Company, serving as its President in 1885 and presided at its dedication on May 24, 1883. In the 1890s, Stranahan promoted the consolidation of City of Brooklyn into a Greater New York and was an active member in the Commission that framed the first charter for the City of Greater New York.

## Death

Stranahan died at his summer home in Saratoga Springs in 1898; interment was in Green-Wood Cemetery, Brooklyn.
# Quadricycle

The Quadricycle was an early form of automobile. Earliest models were propelled by a small steam engine, then designers switched to early internal combustion engines as they became available. The word is derived from the fact that it had four wheels and used technology derived from the bicycles of the era.
* 1884 De Dion Bouton "La Marquise" Quadricycle (Steam runabout)
* 1884 De Dion Bouton Victoria Quadricycle
* 1889 Daimler Quadricycle
* 1901 Peugeot Type 2, a direct descendant of the Daimler Quadricycle, and the first automobile of the Peugeot company
* Peugeot Type 3 Quadricycle
* Le Rudge Quadricycle Tandem
* 1896 Ford Quadricycle, Henry Ford's first automobile design
* 1899 Orient Quadricycle (aka Orient Autogo)
* 1900 De Dion Bouton Quadricycle
* 1901 Truffault Quadricycle
Additional motorized four-wheelers:
* Duryea Motor Wagon
* Benz Velo
Quadricycle, quadracycle, quadcycle, quadrocycle and quad all refer to vehicles with four wheels. More specifically these terms may refer to:
* All-terrain vehicle, also known as quad or quad bike
* Motorized quadcycle, a motorcycle with four wheels
* Automobile, the first experimental steam automobiles were termed steam quadricycles
* Low-speed vehicle, referred to in some countries as a quadricycle
* Quadricycle, European classifications for light four-wheeled motorized vehicles: light quadricycles, category L6e, and (heavy) quadricycles, category L7e
    In 21st century France, a quadricycle is a 4-wheel car that cannot go faster than 45 km/h (28 mph), weighs less than 425 kg (937 lb), and has a maximum power of 4 kW (5.4 hp). (Comparable to the low-speed vehicle class in the United States.)
* Quadracycle, a four-wheeled style of cycle
* Velomobile, an enclosed human-powered vehicle
# John Audino

John Audino (born June 5, 1953) is an American football coach and former player. He is the head football coach at La Salle Institute in North Greenbush, New York, a position he had held since 2018. Audino served as the head football coach at Kean University from 1990 to 1992 and at Union College in Schenectady, New York from 1992 to 2015. Audino guided the Union Dutchmen to six Eastern College Athletic Conference (ECAC) Northwest Championship titles and four Liberty League titles.
Audino attended the University of Notre Dame and played on the football team as a running back. He received his undergraduate degree in 1975. Audino then pursued a master's degree at the University of Albany. While there, he worked under head coach Bob Ford as the Great Danes' special teams coordinator.
Audino then spent the next 13 years as an assistant coach at four different universities until he landed his first head coaching job at Kean University in Union, New Jersey in 1990. He only stayed for two seasons, compiling an 8–12 record, before accepting the newly-vacant head coaching position at Union.

## Head coaching record
### College football

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Bowl/playoffs |
| Kean Cougars (New Jersey Athletic Conference) (1990–1991) ||||||
| 1990 | Kean | 5–5 | 3–3 | T–4th | |
| 1991 | Kean | 3–7 | 1–5 | 6th | |
| Kean: | Kean: | 8–12 | 4–8 | | |
| Union Dutchmen (NCAA Division III independent) (1992–1994) ||||||
| 1992 | Union | 6–3 | | | |
| 1993 | Union | 9–1 | | | L NCAA Division III First Round |
| 1994 | Union | 8–2 | | | W ECAC Northwest Championship |
| Union Dutchmen (Upstate Collegiate Athletic Association / Liberty League) (1995–2015) ||||||
| 1995 | Union | 9–2 | 3–1 | 1st | L NCAA Division III Second Round |
| 1996 | Union | 9–1 | 4–0 | 1st | W ECAC Northwest Championship |
| 1997 | Union | 7–2 | 3–1 | 2nd | |
| 1998 | Union | 6–3 | 2–2 | 3rd | |
| 1999 | Union | 9–2 | 3–1 | 2nd | W ECAC Northwest Championship |
| 2000 | Union | 9–2 | 3–1 | T–1st | L NCAA Division III First Round |
| 2001 | Union | 9–2 | 3–1 | 2nd | W ECAC Northwest Championship |
| 2002 | Union | 5–5 | 3–1 | 2nd | |
| 2003 | Union | 5–5 | 2–2 | T–3rd | |
| 2004 | Union | 6–3 | 6–1 | 2nd | |
| 2005 | Union | 11–1 | 7–0 | 1st | L NCAA Division III Second Round |
| 2006 | Union | 7–3 | 5–1 | 1st | L NCAA Division III First Round |
| 2007 | Union | 5–5 | 5–2 | T–2nd | L ECAC Upstate Championship |
| 2008 | Union | 5–4 | 4–3 | T–3rd | |
| 2009 | Union | 8–3 | 6–1 | T–1st | W ECAC Northwest Bowl Championship |
| 2010 | Union | 2–7 | 2–4 | 6th | |
| 2011 | Union | 6–4 | 5–1 | T–1st | |
| 2012 | Union | 6–4 | 6–1 | 2nd | |
| 2013 | Union | 3–7 | 3–4 | 5th | |
| 2014 | Union | 2–8 | 2–5 | 7th | |
| 2015 | Union | 0–10 | 0–7 | 8th | |
| Union: | Union: | 152–89 | 77–40 | | |
| Total: | Total: | 160–101 | | | |
| National championship  Conference title  Conference division title or championship game berth ||||||
# Martin A. Morrison

Martin Andrew Morrison (April 15, 1862 – July 9, 1944) was a U.S. Representative from Indiana.
Born in Frankfort, Indiana, Morrison attended a public school. He graduated from Butler College, Irvington, Indiana, in June 1883 and from the law department of the University of Virginia at Charlottesville in 1886. He was admitted to the bar the same year and began his law practice in Frankfort, Indiana. County attorney of Clinton County in 1905 and 1906. He served as member of the board of education 1907–1909.
Morrison was elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-first and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1909 – March 3, 1917).
He served as chairman of the Committee on Patents (Sixty-fourth Congress).
He was not a candidate for renomination in 1916, but instead resumed the practice of law.
He served as President of the United States Civil Service Commission from March 1919 to July 1921 and became a member of the legal staff of the chief counsel of the Federal Trade Commission at Washington, D.C., on December 10, 1925, and served until his retirement on April 30, 1942, maintaining his residence in Washington, D.C.
He died in Abingdon, Virginia on July 9, 1944, while on a vacation.
He was buried in Bunnell Cemetery, Frankfort, Indiana.
# William Blassingame

William Blassingame (born January 13, 1836) was an American politician serving in the Texas legislature and as a delegate to the Texas Constitutional Convention of 1875. He was born to William Blassingame and Mary Earl Prince. He is not to be confused with a William Blassingame in the 1830s who was a sheriff in Alabama and South Carolina. At age 25, he enlisted as a private in the Confederate Army in 1861 and was an assistant surgeon in General Benjamin McCulloch's Missouri campaign. After the war, he moved to Texas from Versailles, Missouri and where he settled in Whitesboro, Texas with his wife, where he started his medical practice and occasionally farmed. In February 1876, he ran for Senate as a Democrat against the Republican Dr. Alexander Marshall, who had previously served a term in the Sixteenth Legislature, and Blassingame won by 1,000 votes more. In 1876, he also started as a member of the Fifteenth Legislature, covering Grayson County and Cooke County. He was also one of five medical doctors part of the Texas Senate when he was elected as a senator to the Sixteenth Texas Legislature in 1879 as a Grange delegate and previously had served as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 1875 as well as being a signer of the resulting constitution. At both the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Legislature, he represented the 11th district both times.
He is buried in the Blassingame family cemetery in Sandusky, Texas near Frisco.
# Norm Wallman

Norman "Norm" Wallman (born February 6, 1938) is a politician from the state of Nebraska in the Midwestern United States. A resident of Cortland, Nebraska, Wallman served two terms in the unicameral Nebraska Legislature, from 2007 to 2015. He was born in Gage County, Nebraska.
# Alfredo Ghierra

Alfredo Juan Ghierra Calcagno (31 August 1891 – 16 November 1973) was a Uruguayan footballer who played for the Uruguay national team.
He was a member of the squads which won the gold medal in the 1924 Olympics, as well as the South American Championship (today's Copa América) three consecutive times: 1923, 1924 and 1926 (they withdrew from the 1925 edition).
Ghierra played club football for Universal and Nacional.
# Albert W. Hawkes

Albert Wahl Hawkes (November 20, 1878 – May 9, 1971) was a United States senator from New Jersey.

## Studies

He was born in Chicago on November 20, 1878. He attended the public schools and graduated from Chicago College of Law in 1900, gaining admission to the bar the same year. He studied chemistry at Lewis Institute (now the Illinois Institute of Technology) for two years and engaged in the chemical business.

## Businessman

During the First World War, Albert Hawkes served as director of the Chemical Alliance in Washington, D.C. (1917–1918). From 1927 to 1942, Hawkes served as president of Congoleum-Nairn, Inc., at Kearny, New Jersey. He assumed chairmanship of the corporation board in 1937. He was president and director of the Chamber of Commerce of the United States in 1941 and 1942, a member of the Newark Labor Board, and a member of the Board to Maintain Industrial Peace in New Jersey 1941-1942. Hawkes was a member of the National War Labor Board, Washington, D.C., in 1942.

## Senator

In 1942, Albert Hawkes was elected in New Jersey as a Republican to the U.S. Senate and served from January 3, 1943, to January 3, 1949. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1948, and resumed former business activities in Montclair, New Jersey, until 1961, when he moved to Pasadena, California.
Hawkes was a trustee of the Freedoms Foundation, where the Hawkes Library (in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania) was named after him. He died on May 9, 1971, in Palm Desert, California. He was interred in Mount Hebron Cemetery, in Montclair, New Jersey.
His daughter in law, Jane White Hawkes, was the second wife of the late Alistair Cooke, the British-American journalist who hosted Masterpiece Theatre.
# Addada

Addada (Telugu: అడ్డదా) is a village in the southern state of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is located in the Pamarru taluk of Krishna district in Andhra Pradesh.
# Bea Pintens

Bea Pintens (born 30 August 1972) is a Belgian former short track speed skater. She competed at the 1992 Winter Olympics and at the 1994 Winter Olympics. In the 1994 Olympics, she was the flagbearer for Belgium.
Bea Pintens is the older sister of fellow Belgian short track speed skater, Sofie Pintens who has also represented Belgium at the 1994 Winter Olympics