OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sulsted Church

Sulsted Church, located in Sulsted, a small Danish town in northern Jutland, just north of Aalborg, was constructed c. 1150–1200 and features a large number of frescos or kalkmalerier, all created in 1548 by Hans Maler from Randers.

## Frescos

Unlike other frescos in Danish churches, Sulsted's murals were not concealed with limewash after the Reformation and have survived to this day.
The frescos, which decorate the ceiling of the nave, depict the life of Jesus starting with his birth in the first section at the west end of the nave, continue with the beginning of his passion in the second or central section and end with his death on the cross in the third most easterly section. Those in the choir are of other New Testament images related to the creed and to the Virgin Mary.
# Hugh Quincy Alexander

Hugh Quincy Alexander (August 7, 1911 – September 17, 1989) was a Democratic U.S. Representative from North Carolina between 1953 and 1963.
Born on a farm near Glendon, North Carolina in Moore County in 1911, Alexander attended local public schools and then Duke University, graduating in 1932. He then studied law at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and was admitted to the bar in 1937. Practicing law in Kannapolis, North Carolina for several years, Alexander then served in the United States Navy during World War II from 1942 to 1946, including thirty-four months of duty overseas.
In 1947 and 1949, Alexander served in the North Carolina House of Representatives. He was a solicitor for the Cabarrus County Recorders Court from 1950 to 1952 and a state commander for the American Legion in 1951.
In 1952, Alexander was elected to the 83rd U.S. Congress, succeeding former Ways and Means chairman Robert Doughton. He was reelected four times, but never was able to establish a secure foothold in his district due to a somewhat liberal voting record and growing Republican influence in the district.
He was a signatory to the 1956 Southern Manifesto that opposed the desegregation of public schools ordered by the Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education.
North Carolina lost a congressional district after the 1960 census, and the state legislature saw a chance to get rid of Charlotte-area congressman Charles R. Jonas, then the only Republican in the North Carolina delegation. In the process, however, they added several Republican-leaning areas to Alexander's district. The plan backfired disastrously in the 1962 elections, in which Jonas won easily in his new district and Alexander lost by less than a percentage point to Republican furniture executive Jim Broyhill. As of 2020; no Democrat has represented North Carolina's 9th district since Alexander's defeat.
After leaving Congress, he was chief counsel to the Senate Rules and Administration Committee from 1963 to 1976. Alexander died in Kannapolis in 1989.
# Don Ballard

William Donaldson Ballard (March 15, 1927 – July 2, 2019) was an American politician in the state of Georgia.
During World War II, Ballard served in the United States Navy as a demolition expert aboard the LST-1076.
Ballard attended the University of Georgia and was an attorney. In 2012, Ballard marked 60 years of active law practice.
Ballard died July 2, 2019.
# Whatcom Peak

Whatcom Peak (7,574 feet (2,309 m)) is in North Cascades National Park in the U.S. state of Washington. Whatcom Peak is .50 mi (0.80 km) north of Challenger Glacier and the Whatcom Glacier descends from the northeast slopes of the peak. An unnamed hanging glacier descends along the northwest flank of the peak. This mountain is set between Mount Challenger and Easy Peak.

## Climate

Whatcom Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originating in the Pacific Ocean travel northeast toward the Cascade Mountains. As fronts approach the North Cascades, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the Cascades. As a result, the west side of the North Cascades experiences high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger. Due to its temperate climate and proximity to the Pacific Ocean, areas west of the Cascade Crest very rarely experience temperatures below 0 °F (−18 °C) or above 80 °F (27 °C). During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer.

## Geology

The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks, spires, ridges, and deep glacial valleys. Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to the various climate differences.
The history of the formation of the Cascade Mountains dates back millions of years ago to the late Eocene Epoch. With the North American Plate overriding the Pacific Plate, episodes of volcanic igneous activity persisted. In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago.
During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving deposits of rock debris. The U-shaped cross section of the river valleys is a result of recent glaciation. Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.

## Gallery

* Whatcom Peak seen from Brush Creek Trail
# Boys Choir of the Vienna Woods

The Boys Choir of the Vienna Woods (German: Sängerknaben vom Wienerwald) was a children's choir in Maria Enzersdorf, south of Vienna, in the state of Lower Austria. The choir resided at the Missionshaus St. Gabriel [de].

## History

The Boys Choir of the Vienna Woods was founded by Stanislaus Marusczyk, a missionary from the Society of the Divine Word, in Maria Enzersdorf in 1921. Initially, the choir mainly focused on music in the worship services and celebrations at the Missionshaus St. Gabriel, where the school was based. The choir soon began concert tours through Austria, and later to neighboring countries.
The choir dissolved in 2014.
# Meker–Fisher burner

A Méker burner (sometimes named Méker-Fisher burner for its distributor in USA) is an ambient air laboratory burner that produces multiple open gas flames, used for heating, sterilization and combustion. It is used when laboratory work requires a hotter flame than one attainable using a Bunsen burner, or when a flame of larger diameter is desired, such as when working with inoculation loop needing sterilization or in some glassblowing operations. The burner was introduced by French chemist Georges Méker in an article published in 1905.
The Méker burner heating power can be around 3.6 kW using liquefied petroleum gas. Flame temperatures of up to 1,100–1,200 °C (2,000–2,200 °F) are achievable. Compared with a Bunsen burner, the lower part of its tube has more openings with larger total cross-section, admitting more air and facilitating better mixing of air and gaseous fuel. The tube is wider and its top is covered with a plate mesh, which separates the flame into an array of smaller flames with a common external envelope, ensures uniform heating, also preventing flashback to the bottom of the tube which is a risk at high air-to-fuel ratios and limits the maximal rate of air intake in a Bunsen burner. The flame burns almost without noise, unlike the Bunsen or Teclu burners.
# Ariyallur

Ariyallur is a census town in Malappuram district in the state of Kerala, India. It is situated in Vallikkunnu Gramapanchayath and newly formed Vallikkunnu Legislative Assembly constituency.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Ariyallur had a population of 18987 with 9164 males and 9823 females. Hindus form the majority.

## Transportation

The nearest airport is at Karipur Airport. The nearest major railway station is at Vallikkunnu.

## Places of interest

Vallikkunnu Railway Station is situated in Ariyallur. M V Higher Secondary School, G U P School, are important schools. Ariyallur is also famous for Agricultural Nurseries. It has a coast of about 4 Kilometers. Muthiyam Turtle Sanctuary is on this coast.
# Tom Crosby Jr.

Tom Crosby Jr. (December 4, 1928 – March 24, 2011) was an American politician. He was a member of the Georgia House of Representatives from 1977 to 1989. He was a member of the Democratic party.
# Chorus Viennensis

Chorus Viennensis is a male choir associated with the Vienna Boys Choir. It was founded in 1952. The choir has won the Grand Prix du Disque, the Mozart Interpretation Prize and the Schubert Interpretation prize.
# Troglonectes translucens

Troglonectes translucens is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nemacheilidae, the stone loaches. It inhabits the Xia'ao Cave in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Described in 2006, it is considered harmless to humans. Unsexed males have a maximum length of 4.6 centimetres (1.8 in). It has 11 dorsal soft rays, 9 anal soft rays and 36 vertebrae.
# Dimitrije (veliki čelnik)

Dimitrije (Serbian Cyrillic: Димитрије; d. 6 March 1349) was a Serbian magnate who served emperor Stefan Dušan (r. 1331–55) as veliki čelnik ("great čelnik"). As a royal čelnik, the title-holder had a very high position at the Serbian court, often compared to comes palatinus. The veliki čelnik supervised over several čelniks, the čelnik being a commander of military fortifications (and presumably its troops) or a senior (starešina) of a larger number of villages. Dimitrije entered the service of Stefan Dušan before 1349, when he was mentioned with the title of veliki čelnik. Earlier, magnate Jovan Oliver had the title (fl. 1340). Dimitrije died on 6 March 1349 and was buried at the Monastery of St. Nicholas at Banja. According to the grave inscription, Dimitrije had held Gacko with Rudine, Drina and Dabar. G. Tomović theorized that this Dimitrije was the same person as the earlier mentioned nobleman Hrvatin (magnate Vojin's brother) who served King Stefan Dečanski (r. 1322–31) and held Rudine (1330). In 1350, Đurica and Andronik are mentioned as čelniks. After Jovan Oliver and Dimitrije, it seems that the title of veliki čelnik was not given at the Serbian Imperial court. The territories held by Dimitrije were eventually consolidated by Vojin's son Vojislav (fl. 1350–d. 1363). It was earlier believed that Dimitrije died in 1359.
# Patek Water

"Patek Water" is a song by American rappers Future and Young Thug featuring fellow American rapper Offset from the former two's collaborative mixtape Super Slimey (2017).

## Background

Kevin Goddard of HotNewHipHop describes that the collaboration marks the end of Future and Young Thug's feud. The song's title mentions Patek Phillipe, a Swiss luxury watch manufacturer. "Water" is a reference to the word "ice", a slang for diamonds.

## Charts

| Chart (2017) | Peak position |
| Canada (Canadian Hot 100) | 39 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 50 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 17 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Platinum | 80,000$^‡$ |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Santa Maria in Castello, Tarquinia

Santa Maria in Castello is a Romanesque-style, Roman Catholic church located on Via di Porta Castello #35 in Tarquinia, province of Viterbo, region of Lazio, Italy.
This church was built in 1121- 1208 atop the earlier Chapel of Santa Maria ad rupes. It served as Cathedral until 1435, when the role was assigned to the Tarquinia Cathedral. The church fell into disrepair, and underwent restorations.
It has a cosmatesque decoration and a polygonal baptismal font. The presbytery has a ciborium. The façade has three portals and a Lombard-style oculus. The church naves ended in three apses.
# Kiliaen Townsend

Kiliaen Van Rensselaer Townsend (October 6, 1918 – March 23, 2008) was an American politician who represented Fulton County in the Georgia House of Representatives. Townsend is notable for being one of the first Republicans elected to the state house since Reconstruction. He was the longest serving Republican legislator when he retired in 1992.

## Early life

A direct descendant of Kiliaen Van Rensselaer, Townsend was born on October 6, 1918, in Garden City, New York. He attended the Browning School in New York City and later the Pawling School. After graduating, he attended Williams College and the University of Virginia Law School. During World War II, he enlisted in the Counter Intelligence Corps. After the war, he moved to Georgia.

## Career

After moving to Georgia in 1946, he practiced law. Townsend helped reorganize the state Republican Party. In 1948, he helped garner support for Thomas E. Dewey. In 1952, he served as an alternate delegate the 1952 Republican National Convention, and was instrumental in the nomination of Dwight D. Eisenhower.
In 1965, he was elected to the Georgia House of Representatives representing Fulton County, the first since Reconstruction.
During his tenure, he was one of the five white representatives who voted to seat Julian Bond in the state legislature in 1966. The state legislature had removed Bond due to his anti-war positions.
Townsend had also introduced legislation to establish a state lottery, and more controversially, legislation to consolidate Georgia's 159 counties.
Townsend died on March 23, 2008, aged 89 in Atlanta.

## Political views

Townsend developed a reputation as a moderate Republican. During his years serving in the Georgia House, he supported abortion rights and legal prostitution.

## Personal life

He married his wife, Mary Campbell Everett on May 9, 1945. Together, they had one son. His wife predeceased him on January 1, 1977.
# Maria of Hanau-Münzenberg

Maria of Hanau-Münzenberg (20 January 1562 – 15 February 1605 in Frankfurt) was the youngest daughter of Count Philip III (1526-1561) and Countess Palatine Helena of Simmern (1532-1579). She was born after her father's death and remained unmarried.
As with many female members of aristocratic families of the period who did not belong to important royal houses, the research into her life has many gaps. A very incomplete picture of her life is known; only a few unusual facts, such as that she remained unmarried. This was unintended; her mother's relatives tried to arrange a marriage into the House of Wittelsbach for her in 1573.

## Life

In the fierce dispute between the regents of her nephew Count Philip Louis II and his brother Albert, which was mainly about whether their wards should be raised in the Calvinist of Lutheran faith, she supported the Lutheran side, which was represented by Count Philip IV of Hanau-Lichtenberg, and later by his son Philip V. The Lutheran side eventually lost.
She lived on her own in Hanau and this, along with her allegedly too expensive court, drew criticism from her opponents, led by Count Palatine John Casimir of Simmern, who was the regent of the Electorate of the Palatinate. Another criticism was that among her personnel were a midwife and the sister-in-law of an executioner. She was supported by the Lutheran Count Palatine Richard of Simmern-Sponheim, who tried to stem Calvinist offensive, together with the Counts of Hanau-Lichtenberg. As this conflict was not only about religion, but also about which member of the House of Hanau would act as regent for whom, Count Palatine John Casimir intervened immediately when Count Philip V of Hanau-Lichtenberg offered Maria accommodation in his castle in Babenhausen.
Maria died on 15 February 1605 in Frankfurt. The fact that she died in Frankfurt is a further indication that she led quite an independent life for a lady of her era. She was buried in the Church of St. Mary in Hanau.

## Ancestors

Ancestors of Maria of Hanau-Münzenberg :
# Tomaru

The Tōmaru (唐丸) is a Japanese breed of long-crowing chicken. The crow may be sustained for some 25 seconds. It is one of four Japanese long-crowing breeds, the others being the Koeyoshi, the Kurokashiwa and the Tōtenkō.$^{:344}$$^{:332}$

## History

The Tōmaru is thought to have originated in China at the time of the Tang dynasty; the kanji character 唐, 'tou', represents that dynasty.
The Tomaru was registered as a Japanese natural monument of Niigata Prefecture in 1939.$^{:101}$

## Characteristics

The Tōmaru has only one colour, black with a greenish sheen.$^{:344}$ The body is broad and compact with a full breast. The tail is held low, but higher than horizontally; although the sickle feathers may be long enough to touch the ground, this is not usually considered a long-tailed breed. The feet and shanks are dark slate-grey. The comb is single. The ears and face are red, sometimes with dark markings; in hens the face may be entirely black.$^{:344}$
# Selwyn Goldsmith

Selwyn Goldsmith (11 December 1932 – 3 April 2011) was an architect, town planner, writer and disabilities advocate who was instrumental in the development of the universal approach to design. He wrote numerous books which became standard texts for designers and architects.

## Biography

Goldsmith was born in Newark, Nottinghamshire on 11 December 1932. He was educated at Abbotsholme school, Staffordshire, and read architecture at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, completing his qualification at the Bartlett School, University College London, in 1956. He contracted polio in that same year and was paralysed down the right hand side of his body for the rest of his life.

## Research
### Dropped kerb

While working in Norwich in 1967, he interviewed wheelchair users, research that led to the concept of the idea of the dropped kerb. 15 of these being installed in the city. After this development Goldsmith realised the impact this can have on all users, such as mothers with pushchairs. This led to his interest in Universal principles of design.

### Universal design

Goldsmith worked with Gordon Ricketts, the secretary of the Royal Institute of British Architects. Together they developed the idea behind Designing for the Disabled which was a new concept within the UK. This resulted in the book Designing for the Disabled (1963), which is an architectural planning manual on access for disabled people to facilities and buildings. He later revised this book after retirement. In his later life he further developed the idea of Universal Design in a book of the same title. This work considered that having "different" or "extreme" needs is not unusual, but in fact "normal". That urban design, architecture and digital content should be design for all as a standard and not be considering a certain group as special.
   The architect who takes the bottom-up route to universal design works on the premise that the building users he or she is serving, including those with disabilities, are all people who can be treated as normal people. The architect does not start with the presumption that people with disabilities are abnormal, are peculiar and different, and that, in order to make buildings accessible to them, they should be packaged together and then, with a set of special-for-the-disabled accessibility standards, have their requirements presented in topdown mode as add-ons to unspecified normal provision.

### Ps and queues

Goldsmith worked with his wife, Becky Goldsmith, on the issue of inequality in toilet facilities in major buildings from 1989. Their research highlighted the issue of the poor level of toilets for women over that of men. This led to numerous articles and reports for the UK Department of the Environment. He called a subsequent article on the subject "Ps and Queues".

### The Selwyn Goldsmith Award

Since 2011 The Civic Trust has been awarding buildings and interior designs which allow all to use with dignity and equality.
# Fagundes Varela, Rio Grande do Sul

Fagundes Varela is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It lies at an elevation of 610 m, covers an area of 132.32 km², and has a population of 2,741 (2020 estimate).
# Lhabab Duchen

Lha Bab Düchen (Tib. ལྷ་བབས་དུས་ཆེན་, Wyl. lha babs (divine descent) dus chen (great time)) is one of the four major Buddhist festivals commemorating four events in the life of Gautama Buddha. Lha Bab Düchen occurs on the 22nd day of the 9th Tibetan lunar month and celebrates Buddha's return to the human realm after teaching his mother for three months in the God's realm. It is widely celebrated in Buddhist Asian countries including Tibet, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand and Laos, where the celebration corresponds to local calendars.
Lha Bab Duchen is an annual Buddhist festival celebrated to observe the Buddha's return from the God's realm, known as Indra's realm of the Heaven of the Thirty-Three. Also called Trāyastriṃśa heaven, he went there to repay his mother Mayadevi's kindnesses by preaching to her and to the gods. Mayadevi attained arhatship.
According to events in the Buddha's life, the Buddha had ascended the Gods realm at the age of 45 in order to give teachings to his mother, who had been reborn in Indra's God realm. His ascent was accomplished by the lowering of the mountain summits to lift him to the teaching place. The Kangyur describes his seat "as a gleaming white stone surrounded by a beautiful grove of trees".
He taught continuously for three months to repay her kindnesses, while also benefiting the gods in that realm. The Buddha was then exhorted by his disciple and representative Maudgalyayana to return to the human realm, and after a long debate under a full moon the Buddha agreed to return.
He returned to the human realm a week later, after descending a celestial ladder surrounded by rainbows and celestial devotees. The special triple ladder was manifested by the gods Indra and Brahma, and the Buddha landed at Sankassa, India, which is counted among the Eight Great Places in the Buddha's life. Other sources credit Viswakarma, the Hindu-Buddhist god of machines, with the ladder. According to the Mahamaya Sutra, awaiting his arrival in Sankassa were King Prasenajit and the Buddha's sangha.
The Buddha's descent on the celestial ladder is considered one of The Eight Great Events in the Life of Buddha.
On Lha Bab Duchen, the effects of positive or negative actions are multiplied ten million times. It is part of Tibetan Buddhist tradition to engage in virtuous activities and prayer on this day.
# Turi Turini (Cochabamba)

Turi Turini (Aymara turi tower, the reduplication indicates that there is a group of something, -ni a suffix to indicate ownership, "the one with a group of towers", also spelled Tori Torini) is a mountain in the Bolivian Andes which reaches a height of approximately 4,640 m (15,220 ft). It is located in the Cochabamba Department, Ayopaya Province, Morochata Municipality, southwest of the village of Chorito.