OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Djamaat

A djamaat is a politically organized community in Dagestan, Russia, usually a village or a group of villages with a historical connection.

## Overview

The djamaat is a centuries-old political unit, traditionally consisting of up to ten tribal or ancestral structures known as tuhums, which are broadly extended families. The government of a djamaat traditionally consisted of the elders from each of the tuhums. The djamaats were, in turn, governed by the adat (common law, prescriptions). The role of the djamaats in Dagestani history has been compared with that of the poleis in Ancient Greece. Although members of the djamaat often spoke the same language, ethnicity was not the primary connecting factor.
The role of the djamaats faded after the new 1994 constitution of Dagestan, which provided other sources of authority in the republic, but the djamaats re-emerged when the national movement weakened. The Dagestani political life began to be dominated by "ethnoparties", whose key positions were often filled by djamaat members. The Dagestani djamaat, with its transcending kinship and ethnic structures, has been seen as a stabilizing factor in the political life of this ethnically and culturally diverse region.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Ware, p.47-51

## Sources

* Ware, Robert Bruce; Kisriev, Enver (2010). Dagestan: Russian Hegemony and Islamic Resistance in the North Caucasus. M.E.Sharpe. ISBN 978-0-7656-2028-6.
# Marshall Gelfand

Marshall Gelfand (December 14, 1927 - April 1, 2021) was an American music entrepreneur and founder of an entertainment business management and accounting firm initially called Gelfand, MacNow, Rennert and Feldman. Later, the accounting firm reduced its name to Gelfand, Rennert & Feldman, which had offices in New York, Los Angeles, Nashville and London, England. He was the managing partner with his partner Martin Feldman who died in April 2020, both were the primary accountants and business managers to many iconic musicians notablyBob Dylan and Neil Diamond along with many others. Feldman was one of the first individual accountants to accompany world tours of international artists starting in the early 1970's, a field that became referred to as a tour accountant. Gelfand solely was paid tribute by the 64th Annual Grammy Awards for his contributions.
# Mums for Lungs

Mums for Lungs is a nonprofit, grassroots environmental campaign group, based in the United Kingdom, which raises awareness of the health effects of air pollution, particularly on children.

## History

Mums for Lungs was formed in London in 2017 by a small group of parents, including human rights lawyer Jemima Hartshorn. They were inspired to take action partly by their personal experience of living in a traffic-polluted city and partly by the campaigning efforts of Rosamund Kissi-Debrah, a teacher-turned-activist whose daughter's death was attributed to the effects of breathing polluted air. The group quickly expanded from a few like-minded friends, first to multiple campaigns around London and then to a Manchester based group.
In 2021, Mums for Lungs won the Sheila McKechnie Foundation Best Community Campaign Award for its work.

## Campaigns

Mums for Lungs campaigns on a range of air pollution issues, including clean air guidelines and targets, the expansion of London's Ultra Low Emission Zone;, clean air zones, pollution from wood burning stoves and diesel engines; the role of pollution in childhood asthma, car-free streets, and cleaner travel to and from schools. Since 2018, one of its major ongoing campaigns has been supporting an initiative called School Streets, which temporarily close roads to motor traffic at school picking-up and dropping-off times to reduce the impact of pollution and improve safety. There are now an estimated 500+ such schemes in London and 200 more outside the capital.
# Chmieleńskie Chrósty

Chmieleńskie Chrósty is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Chmielno, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) south-west of Chmielno, 9 km (6 mi) west of Kartuzy, and 37 km (23 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# HMS Malabar (1866)

HMS Malabar was a Euphrates-class troopship launched in 1866, and the fifth ship of the Royal Navy to employ the name. She was designed to carry troops between the United Kingdom and British India, and was employed in that role for most of her life. She became the base ship (or depot ship) at the Royal Naval Dockyard, Bermuda in 1897. She was renamed Terror in 1901 and sold in 1918. Her name was later used as the stone frigate to which shore personnel in Bermuda were enrolled, and later for Her Majesty's Naval Base Bermuda, after the 1950s, when the dockyard was reduced to a base.

## Design

Malabar was one of five iron-hulled vessels of the Euphrates class. All five were built to a design of 360 ft overall length by about 49 ft breadth, although Malabar was very slightly smaller than the rest of the class. They had a single screw, a speed of 14 knots, one funnel, a barque-rig sail plan, three 4-pounder guns, and a white painted hull. Her bow was a "ram bow" which projected forward below the waterline.

## Identification

The Euphrates-class troopships could each be identified by a different coloured hull band. The Malabar's hull band was black. The blue hull band of her sister Euphrates became the standard for all HM Troopships.

## Career

She was built to transport troops between the United Kingdom and the Indian sub-continent, and was operated by the Royal Navy. She carried up to 1,200 troops and family on a passage of approximately 70 days.
In common with her sisters, she was re-engined, her single-expansion steam engine being replaced with a Napier 2-cylinder compound-expansion engine in 1873.
On 2 November 1878, she suffered an engine breakdown in the English Channel 17 nautical miles (31 km) east south east of Prawle Point, Devon whilst on a voyage from Portsmouth, Hampshire to India. She was taken in tow by the steamship Benjamin Whitworth, which with the assistance of two Admiralty tugs took her in to Plymouth, Devon. In 1878 or early 1879 she grounded in Whitsand Bay near Plymouth. Her commanding officer, Captain Percy Luxmoore, was dismissed from the ship and replaced by Captain John Grant.
Between August 1887 and early 1890 she was commanded by Captain Arthur Dalrymple Fanshawe.

## Fate

She became the depot ship at Bermuda in 1897 and was renamed HMS Terror on 1 May 1905; the name Malabar was later used by the Royal Naval dockyard at Bermuda. Terror was sold in January 1918.
# Wrasse Records

Wrasse Records is a British record label based in Ashtead, Surrey. It was started in 1998 by Ian and Jo Ashbridge. Both had been involved in the music industry prior to them starting up their own company. Its offices are based in the UK, but it distributes its CDs all around the world. In 2005, it licensed most of Universal Music's world music releases for distribution in the United States and the UK.
Wrasse Records specializes in world music, with artists such as Fela Kuti, Rachid Taha, Ismael Lo, Souad Massi, Angélique Kidjo, K'naan and Pink Martini.
Wrasse recording artist Seu Jorge appeared in the film The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou (released November 2004), performing songs onscreen and on the official soundtrack album (released by a different label). This drew attention to Jorge and sparked sales of his coincident (September 2004) album Cru, helping to draw attention to the Wrasse label.
Humphead Records is an associated label specializing in country music.

## Artists
### Lineup as of 2008

* Boubacar Traoré
* Caetano Veloso
* King Sunny Adé
* Tony Allen
* Amparanoia
* Horace Andy
* Issa Bagayogo
* The Bathers
* Jorge Benjor
* Chris Berry
* Maria Bethânia
* Gregg Kofi Brown
* Chico Buarque
* Yuri Buenaventura
* Café De Los Maestros
* Café Tacuba
* Manecas Costa
* Gal Costa
* Daara J
* Vinicius De Moraes
* Wasis Diop
* Arielle Dombasle
* Lucky Dube
* Enzo Avitabile & Bottari
* Faudel
* Tiziano Ferro
* China Forbes
* Donavon Frankenreiter
* Freshlyground
* Gilberto Gil
* Idir
* Jace Everett
* Morten Harket
* Julien Jacob
* Shooter Jennings
* Tom Jobim
* Kevin Johansen
* Juanes
* K'naan
* Kando Bongo Man
* Lokua Kanza
* Salif Keita
* Khaled
* Angélique Kidjo
* Fela Anikulapo Kuti
* Femi Kuti
* Ladysmith Black Mambazo
* Nara Leao
* Linton Kwesi Johnson
* Ismael Lo
* Lo' Jo
* Baaba Maal
* Vusi Mahlasela
* Mahotella Queens
* Miriam Makeba
* Souad Massi
* Sérgio Mendes
* Pablo Milanés
* Rhett Miller
* Morley
* Mungal
* Nude Girls
* Orange Blossom
* Geoffrey Oryema
* Vanessa Paradis
* Pascal of Bollywood
* Perfume
* Pink Martini
* Randy Crawford & Joe Sample
* Elis Regina
* Sa Dingding
* Ivete Sangalo
* Seu Jorge
* Idrissa Soumaoro
* Kristi Stassinopoulou
* Rachid Taha
* Tiken Jah Fakoly
* Tinariwen
* Yerba Buena
* Zucchero
# Christian Parenti

Christian Parenti is an American investigative journalist, academic, and author.

## Early life and education

Parenti is the son of Michael Parenti and Susan Parenti. He attended Buxton School in Williamstown, Massachusetts, The New School for Social Research, and the London School of Economics, where he earned a PhD in Sociology and Geography.

## Career

His books include Lockdown America: Police and Prisons in the Age of Crisis (2000), a survey of the rise of the prison-industrial complex from the Nixon through the Reagan Era and into the present, and The Soft Cage: Surveillance in America From Slavery to the War on Terror (2003), a study of surveillance and control in modern society. The Freedom: Shadows and Hallucinations in Occupied Iraq (2004), is an account of the US occupation of Iraq. In Tropic of Chaos: Climate Change and the New Geography of Violence (2011), Parenti argues that climate change is the cause of social and political unrest. Parenti has reported from Afghanistan, Iraq, Venezuela, Bolivia, the Ivory Coast and China, among other locations.
Parenti's reporting in Afghanistan was the subject of an award-winning HBO documentary, Fixer: The Taking of Ajmal Naqshbandi. Directed and edited by Ian Olds, the film follows the working relationship between Parenti and his Afghan colleague Ajmal Naqshbandi, and after Naqshbandi's capture and murder by the Taliban, Parenti's investigation of that crime.

### Academics

Parenti taught at the New College of California from 1997 to 2002 and at St. Mary's College in Moraga, California from 1998 to 2000. He was then a Soros Senior Justice Fellow from 2001 to 2003 and a visiting fellow at CUNY's Center for Place, Culture and Politics from 2002 to 2010. Parenti subsequently taught sustainable development at the SIT Graduate Institute from 2012 to 2014. Since 2017, he has been teaching at John Jay College, where he is Professor of Economics.

## Personal life

He divides his time between Brattleboro, Vermont, and New York City.

## Books

* Lockdown America: Police and Prisons in the Age of Crisis (1999) ISBN 1-85984-303-4
* The Soft Cage: Surveillance in America From Slavery to the War on Terror (2003) ISBN 0-465-05485-4
* The Freedom: Shadows and Hallucinations in Occupied Iraq (2004) ISBN 1-56584-948-5
* Tropic of Chaos: Climate Change and the New Geography of Violence (2011) ISBN 9781568587295
* Radical Hamilton: Economic Lessons from a Misunderstood Founder (2020) ISBN 978-1786633927
# Public holidays in Ghana

There are approximately thirteen nationally recognized public holidays in Ghana, a sub-Saharan country in Africa. The primary National holiday is Independence Day, which is on 6 March. It is a National Day and is set to honor the memory of Ghana's independence from the United Kingdom in 1957.
This is a list of public holidays in Ghana.

## National holidays

| Date | English name | Description |
| 1 January | New Year's Day | |
| 7 January | Constitution Day | Constitution of 1992 and Fourth Republic 1993. |
| 6 March | Independence Day | Dominion of Ghana established within the Commonwealth of Nations in 1957. |
| Friday before Easter | Good Friday | Crucifixion of Jesus |
| Monday after Easter | Easter Monday | |
| 1 May | May Day | Worker's Day |
| 1 Shawwal | Eid al-Fitr | Festival of Breaking the Fast |
| 10 Dhu al-Hijjah | Eid al-Adha | Feast of the Sacrifice |
| 4 August | Founders' Day | Honors The Big Six who worked for Ghana's independence. |
| 21 September | Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Day | Birthday of Nkrumah, first prime minister (1957-1960) and first president (1960-1966) of Ghana |
| First Friday in December | Farmers' Day | Recognizes farmers and fishermen. |
| 25 December | Christmas Day | Birth of Jesus |
| 26 December | Boxing Day | |
# The Socialist

The Socialist may refer to:
* The Socialist, the newspaper of the Socialist Party (England and Wales), from 1997
* The Socialist (Irish newspaper), from the 1990s
* The Socialist (Australian magazine), until 2021
* The Socialist (Australian newspaper), 1906–1923
* The Socialist (SLP newspaper), in Great Britain, 1901 – c. 1923
* The Socialist, published by Hermon F. Titus 1900–1910
* The Socialist, published by the Workers' Socialist Party 1929–1938
* The Socialist, published by the Revolutionary Socialists (Egypt) since 1995
# Belgium national football team results (2010–2019)

In the 2010s, the Belgium national football team missed out on both the 2010 World Cup and Euro 2012, but improved greatly in the next years. They secured qualification for the 2014 World Cup with an impressive unbeaten record, and achieved sixth place at the finals: their second-best result ever (after reaching fourth in 1986) at the time. The improved results led to Belgium reaching the top position on the FIFA World Rankings for the first time, in November 2015. They had a setback losing to Wales in the quarter-finals at Euro 2016, but improved there play under a new coach, reaching their best result ever at the 2018 FIFA World Cup, ending third.
The overall balance over the course of the decade was positive, with 74 wins versus 16 losses and 21 draws.

## Results

Legend for encounters :
| W.C. | FIFA World Cup |
| EURO | UEFA European Football Championship |
| N.L. | UEFA Nations League |
| Q | Qualification rounds |
| GS | Group stage |
| 1/8 | Round of 16 (eighth-finals) |
| QF | Quarter-final |
| SF | Semi-final |
| 3rd | Third place |
111 official matches played (as of 19 November 2019):
# Warawarani (Bolivia)

Warawarani (Aymara warawara star, -ni a suffix to indicate ownership, "the one with a star", also spelled Wara Warani) is an about 5,542-metre-high (18,182 ft) mountain at a small lake of the same name in the Cordillera Real in the Andes of Bolivia. It is located in the La Paz Department, Los Andes Province, Batallas Municipality, Chachacomani Canton. It is situated north and northwest of Phaq'u Kiwuta and Wila Lluxi and northeast of Qala T'uxu.

## Warawarani lake

Warawarani Lake lies southwest of the Warawarani mountain.
# Frank C. Millspaugh

Frank Crenshaw Millspaugh (January 14, 1872 – July 8, 1947) was a United States Representative from Missouri.
Born in Shawneetown, Illinois, Millspaugh attended public schools. He entered the grain commission business in New Orleans, Louisiana, in 1891. He moved to Chicago in 1892, to St. Louis, Missouri, in 1894 and to Canton, Missouri, in 1896 and continued the grain shipping business. He engaged in banking 1900-1921. He served as delegate to the Republican State convention in 1912. He served as mayor of Canton from 1915 to 1919.
Millspaugh was elected as a Republican to the Sixty-seventh Congress; he was an unsuccessful candidate in 1922 for reelection to the Sixty-eighth Congress and resigned, having served March 4, 1921 until December 5, 1922. He was the State commissioner of finance in 1923 and 1924.
He moved to Jefferson City, Missouri, in 1925 and engaged in the real estate business until 1929, when he entered the brokerage business. Millspaugh was elected county judge of Jasper County, Missouri, in 1942 and was reelected in 1944 and 1946; he served until his death in Joplin, Missouri, July 8, 1947 at the age of 75 and was interred in Forest Grove Cemetery, Canton, Missouri.
# Marked Men (1940 film)

Marked Men is a 1940 American film directed by Sam Newfield (using the pseudonym "Sherman Scott") for Producers Releasing Corporation.
The film is also known as Desert Escape in the USA (TV title).

## Plot

Bill Carver (Warren Hull) is a man wrongfully imprisoned after being framed by gangster Joe Mallon (Paul Bryar). In prison he is involuntarily involved in a jailbreak, also arranged by Mallon, who is serving in the same facility.
The attempted break fails, and Mallon and his gang are soon caught by the police and put back behind bars—except for Bill, who escapes to the Arizona desert and picks up a stray dog he names Wolf. In the small town of Tempe, he meets Linda (Isabel Jewell), who offers him work with her father, Dr James Prentiss Harkness (John Dilson). Bill stays with the doctor, but then there is another jailbreak at the prison, this time a successful one.
The escapees hold up a bank and make it look as though Bill was involved in the robbery. He has to clear his name of being part of the bank raid, and the only way he can do this is by catching the real perpetrators, Mallon and his men. He leaves his haven at the doctor's house and starts tracking the gang through the desert. Soon he finds Mallon and the others, who are lost and need Bill's help to find the border and cross into Mexico. He agrees to help them, seeing his chance of clearing his name, but the journey becomes a living hell for them all. Because of the lack of water and the dangers in the desert at night, only Bill, his dog and Mallon
remain when they come close to the border, as during the trek he has brutally killed his henchmen for arguing with him when trying to quench their thirst from the dwindling supplies they are carrying. At this point Bill forces the weak and starving gangster to sign a written confession, proving his innocence.
As Mallon finishes signing the document, Dr. Harkness and his daughter arrive to rescue them. The gangster tries to kill Bill, but he is rescued by his dog. A free man, he returns to live in peace with the doctor and Linda, whom he marries.

## Cast

* Warren Hull as Bill Carver
* Isabel Jewell as Linda Harkness
* John Dilson as Dr James Prentiss Harkness
* Paul Bryar as Joe Mallon
* Charles Williams as Charlie Sloane
* Lyle Clement as Marshal Dan Tait
* Budd Buster as Mr Marvin - Druggist
* Al St. John as Gimpy - a Thug
* Eddie Fetherston as Marty - a Thug
* Ted Erwin as Mike - a Thug
* Art Miles as Blimp - a Thug
* Grey Shadow as Wolf - the Dog
# Meyer Alterman

Meyer Alterman (March 28, 1891 – December 30, 1967) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.

## Life

He was born on March 28, 1891, in New York City. He attended Public School No. 39 and DeWitt Clinton High School. He was admitted to the bar in 1914, and practiced law in New York City. During World War I he served in the U.S. Army.
Alterman was a Democratic member of the New York State Assembly (New York Co., 17th D.) in 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936 and 1937; and was Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means in 1935. In November 1937, he ran for re-election, but was defeated by American Laborite Oscar Garcia Rivera.
He died on December 30, 1967, in Mount Sinai Hospital in Manhattan, of a heart attack; and was buried at the Mount Hebron Cemetery in Flushing, Queens.

## Sources

* ↑ "ALTERMAN, MEYER" at Social Security Info
* ↑ New York Red Book (1925; pg. 85f)
* ↑ Meyer Alterman, Lawyer, An Assemblyman 15 Years in the New York Times on January 1, 1968 (subscription required)
New York State Assembly :
| Preceded byAugust Claessens | New York State Assembly New York County, 17th District 1923–1937 | Succeeded byOscar Garcia Rivera |
| Preceded byFred L. Porter | New York State Assembly Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means 1935 | Succeeded byAbbot Low Moffat |
# List of American death metal bands

This is a list of United States Death Metal (USDM) bands that were originally formed in the United States. Death metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music. It typically employs heavily distorted guitars, tremolo picking, deep growling vocals, blast beat drumming, minor keys or atonality, and complex song structures with multiple tempo changes.
* 0–9
* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* See also
* References
* External links

## A

* Abscess
* The Absence
* Abysmal Dawn
* Acheron
* Acid Witch
* Aletheian
* Angelcorpse
* Animosity
* Arsis
* Assück
* Atheist
* Autopsy

## B

* Becoming the Archetype
* Between the Buried and Me
* Beyond the Sixth Seal
* Black Crown Initiate
* The Black Dahlia Murder
* Bloodsoaked
* Born of Osiris
* Brain Drill
* Brodequin
* Broken Hope
* Brujeria
* Brutality

## C

* Caninus
* Cannibal Corpse
* Cannabis Corpse
* Capharnaum
* Cattle Decapitation
* Cephalic Carnage
* Circle of Dead Children
* Council of the Fallen
* The County Medical Examiners
* Crimson Thorn
* Cynic

## D

* Dååth
* Daylight Dies
* Death
* Deus Invictus
* Deceased
* Decrepit Birth
* Deeds of Flesh
* Deicide
* Demiricous
* Dethklok
* Devourment
* Diabolic
* Dim Mak
* Disgorge
* Disincarnate
* Diskreet
* Divine Empire
* Divine Heresy
* Dr. Shrinker
* Dying Fetus

## E

* Elysia
* Embalmer
* Embodyment
* Epidemic
* Epoch of Unlight
* Evoken
* Exhumed

## F

* The Faceless
* From a Second Story Window
* The Funeral Pyre
* Funerus

## G

* Ghoul
* Glass Casket
* Goatlord
* Goatwhore
* God Forbid
* Goreaphobia
* Graves of Valor
* Guttural Secrete

## H

* Hatebeak
* Hate Eternal
* Hibernus Mortis

## I

* Immolation
* Impaled
* Impending Doom
* Impetigo
* Incantation
* Into the Moat

## J

* Job for a Cowboy
* Jungle Rot

## K

* Kaos Rising
* Killing Addiction
* Killing Moon
* Knights of the Abyss

## L

* Landmine Marathon

## M

* Macabre
* Malevolent Creation
* Malignancy
* The Mandrake
* Massacre
* Master
* Misery Index
* Molotov Solution
* Monstrosity
* Morbid Angel
* Morgion
* Mortal Decay
* Mortician
* Mutiny Within

## N

* Necare
* Necrophagia
* Nile
* Nocturnus
* Novembers Doom
* Nuclear Death

## O

* Obituary
* Oblivion
* Odious Mortem
* Oppressor
* Opprobrium
* Order from Chaos
* Order of Ennead
* Origin
* Oceano

## P

* Pathology
* Paths of Possession
* Pig Destroyer
* Possessed

## R

* The Red Chord
* The Red Death
* Revocation
* Ripping Corpse

## S

* Sadistic Intent
* Sadus
* Sculptured
* Six Feet Under
* Skinless
* Sons of Azrael
* Soul Embraced
* Stovokor
* Success Will Write Apocalypse Across the Sky
* Suffocation

## T

* Terrorizer
* Thorr's Hammer
* Through the Eyes of the Dead
* Trap Them

## V

* Vile
* Vital Remains
* Voodoo Gods

## W

* Waking the Cadaver
* Winter
* Withered
* Woe of Tyrants
* World Under Blood
* Wretched
* Whitechapel Live at The Grove of Anaheim for the 2011 Summer Slaughter Tour
# Alan Stauffer

Alan Stauffer (born April 21, 1945) is an American politician. He served as a Republican member of the Wyoming House of Representatives.
Stauffer was born in Logan, Utah. He attended Brigham Young University.
Stauffer served in the Wyoming House of Representatives from 1977 to 1990.