# List of consonants

This is a list of all the consonants which have a dedicated letter in the International Phonetic Alphabet, plus some of the consonants which require diacritics, ordered by place and manner of articulation.
IPA: Pulmonic consonants :
| Place → | Labial | Labial | Labial | Labial | Labial | Coronal | Coronal | Coronal | Coronal | Coronal | Coronal | Coronal | Coronal | Coronal | Coronal | Dorsal | Dorsal | Dorsal | Dorsal | Dorsal | Laryngeal | Laryngeal | Laryngeal | Laryngeal |
| Manner ↓ | Bi­labial | Bi­labial | Labio­dental | Labio­dental | Linguo­labial | Linguo­labial | Dental | Dental | Alveolar | Alveolar | Post­alveolar | Post­alveolar | Retro­flex | Retro­flex | Palatal | Palatal | Velar | Velar | Uvular | Uvular | Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal | Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal | Glottal | Glottal |
| Nasal | m̥ | m | ɱ̊ | ɱ | | n̼ | | | n̥ | n | | | ɳ̊ | ɳ | ɲ̊ | ɲ | ŋ̊ | ŋ | ɴ̥ | ɴ | | | | |
| Plosive | p | b | p̪ | b̪ | t̼ | d̼ | | | t | d | | | ʈ | ɖ | c | ɟ | k | ɡ | q | ɢ | ʡ | | ʔ | |
| Sibilant affricate | | | | | | | | | ts | dz | t̠ʃ | d̠ʒ | tʂ | dʐ | tɕ | dʑ | | | | | | | | |
| Non-sibilant affricate | pɸ | bβ | p̪f | b̪v | | | t̪θ | d̪ð | tɹ̝̊ | dɹ̝ | t̠ɹ̠̊˔ | d̠ɹ̠˔ | | | cç | ɟʝ | kx | ɡɣ | qχ | ɢʁ | ʡʜ | ʡʢ | ʔh | |
| Sibilant fricative | | | | | | | | | s | z | ʃ | ʒ | ʂ | ʐ | ɕ | ʑ | | | | | | | | |
| Non-sibilant fricative | ɸ | β | f | v | θ̼ | ð̼ | θ | ð | θ̠ | ð̠ | ɹ̠̊˔ | ɹ̠˔ | ɻ̊˔ | ɻ˔ | ç | ʝ | x | ɣ | χ | ʁ | ħ | ʕ | h | ɦ |
| Approximant | | | | ʋ | | | | | | ɹ | | | | ɻ | | j | | ɰ | | | | | | ʔ̞ |
| Tap/flap | | ⱱ̟ | | ⱱ | | ɾ̼ | | | ɾ̥ | ɾ | | | ɽ̊ | ɽ | | | | | | ɢ̆ | | ʡ̆ | | |
| Trill | ʙ̥ | ʙ | | | | | | | r̥ | r | | | ɽ̊r̥ | ɽr | | | | | ʀ̥ | ʀ | ʜ | ʢ | | |
| Lateral affricate | | | | | | | | | tɬ | dɮ | | | tꞎ | d𝼅 | c𝼆 | ɟʎ̝ | k𝼄 | ɡʟ̝ | | | | | | |
| Lateral fricative | | | | | | | | | ɬ | ɮ | | | ꞎ | 𝼅 | 𝼆 | ʎ̝ | 𝼄 | ʟ̝ | | | | | | |
| Lateral approximant | | | | | | | | | | l | | | | ɭ | | ʎ | | ʟ | | ʟ̠ | | | | |
| Lateral tap/flap | | | | | | | | | ɺ̥ | ɺ | | | 𝼈̥ | 𝼈 | | ʎ̆ | | ʟ̆ | | | | | | |
IPA help
 audio
full chart
template
Symbols to the right in a cell are voiced, to the left are voiceless. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible. :
IPA: Non-pulmonic consonants :
| | | BL | LD | D | A | PA | RF | P | V | U | EG |
| Ejective | Stop | pʼ | | | tʼ | | ʈʼ | cʼ | kʼ | qʼ | ʡʼ |
| Ejective | Affricate | | p̪fʼ | t̪θʼ | tsʼ | t̠ʃʼ | tʂʼ | tɕʼ | kxʼ | qχʼ | |
| Ejective | Fricative | ɸʼ | fʼ | θʼ | sʼ | ʃʼ | ʂʼ | ɕʼ | xʼ | χʼ | |
| Ejective | Lateral affricate | | | | tɬʼ | | | c𝼆ʼ | k𝼄ʼ | q𝼄ʼ | |
| Ejective | Lateral fricative | | | | ɬʼ | | | | | | |
| Click (top: velar; bottom: uvular) | Tenuis | kʘ qʘ | | kǀ qǀ | kǃ qǃ | | k𝼊 q𝼊 | kǂ qǂ | | | |
| Click (top: velar; bottom: uvular) | Voiced | ɡʘ ɢʘ | | ɡǀ ɢǀ | ɡǃ ɢǃ | | ɡ𝼊 ɢ𝼊 | ɡǂ ɢǂ | | | |
| Click (top: velar; bottom: uvular) | Nasal | ŋʘ ɴʘ | | ŋǀ ɴǀ | ŋǃ ɴǃ | | ŋ𝼊 ɴ𝼊 | ŋǂ ɴǂ | ʞ | | |
| Click (top: velar; bottom: uvular) | Tenuis lateral | | | | kǁ qǁ | | | | | | |
| Click (top: velar; bottom: uvular) | Voiced lateral | | | | ɡǁ ɢǁ | | | | | | |
| Click (top: velar; bottom: uvular) | Nasal lateral | | | | ŋǁ ɴǁ | | | | | | |
| Implosive | Voiced | ɓ | | | ɗ | | ᶑ | ʄ | ɠ | ʛ | |
| Implosive | Voiceless | ɓ̥ | | | ɗ̥ | | ᶑ̊ | ʄ̊ | ɠ̊ | ʛ̥ | |
IPA help
 audio
full chart
template :

## Ordered by place of articulation
### Labial consonants

(articulated by using the lips)

#### Bilabial consonants

* bilabial clicks [ʘ] etc.
* bilabial nasal [m] (man)
* bilabial ejective [pʼ]
* voiced bilabial implosive [ɓ]
* voiceless bilabial plosive [p] (spin)
* voiced bilabial plosive [b] (bed)
* voiceless bilabial affricate [pɸ]
* voiced bilabial affricate [bβ]
* voiceless bilabial fricative [ɸ]
* voiced bilabial fricative [β]
* bilabial approximant [β̞]
* bilabial trill [ʙ]
* bilabial percussive [ʬ]

#### Labiodental consonants

* labiodental approximant [ʋ]
* labiodental nasal [ɱ] (symphony)
* voiced labiodental fricative [v] (van)
* Voiced labiodental plosive
* Voiced labiodental affricate
* voiceless labiodental fricative [f] (fan)
* voiceless rounded velarized labiodental fricative [ɧ]
* Voiceless labiodental plosive
* Voiceless labiodental affricate

### Bidental consonants

* voiceless bidental fricative [h̪͆]

### Coronal consonants

(articulated by using the tip of the tongue)

#### Dental consonants

* dental clicks [ǀ] etc.
* dental lateral clicks [ǁ̪] etc.
* dental ejective [t̪ʼ]
* dental nasal [n̪]
* voiced dental fricative [ð] (this)
* voiced dental implosive [ɗ̪]
* voiced dental plosive [d̪]
* voiceless bidental fricative
* voiceless dental fricative [θ] (thing)
* voiceless dental plosive [t̪]
* bidental percussive [ʭ]

#### Alveolar consonants

* alveolar lateral clicks [ǁ] etc.
* alveolar approximant [ɹ] (red)
* alveolar ejective [tʼ]
* alveolar ejective fricative [sʼ]
* alveolar flap [ɾ]
* alveolar lateral approximant [l] (lead)
* alveolar lateral flap [ɺ]
* alveolar nasal [n] (none)
* alveolar trill [r]
* velarized alveolar lateral approximant [ɫ]
* voiced alveolar fricative [z] (zoo)
* voiced alveolar implosive [ɗ]
* voiced alveolar lateral fricative [ɮ]
* voiced alveolar plosive [d] (done)
* voiced alveolar affricate [d͡z]
* voiceless alveolar grooved fricative [s] (son)
* voiceless alveolar retroflex fricative [s̠]
* voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative [θ̠]
* voiceless alveolar lateral fricative [ɬ]
* voiceless alveolar plosive [t] (ton)
* voiceless alveolar affricate [t͡s]
* voiceless alveolar lateral affricate [t͡ɬ]
* ejective alveolar lateral affricate [t͡ɬʼ]
* voiced alveolar lateral affricate [d͡ɮ]

#### Postalveolar consonants

* (post)alveolar click [ǃ] etc.
* voiced palato-alveolar affricate [dʒ] (jug)
* voiced palato-alveolar fricative [ʒ] (vision)
* voiceless palato-alveolar affricate [tʃ] (chip)
* voiceless palato-alveolar fricative [ʃ] (ship)

##### Palatalized postalveolar consonants

* voiced palatalized postalveolar fricative [ʑ]
* voiceless palatalized postalveolar fricative [ɕ]
* voiced palatalized postalveolar affricate [d͡ʑ]
* voiceless palatalized postalveolar affricate [t͡ɕ]

##### Retroflex consonants

* retroflex clicks [𝼊 ] etc. (commonly written ⟨[‼]⟩)
* retroflex approximant [ɻ ]
* retroflex flap [ɽ]
* retroflex lateral flap [𝼈 ]
* retroflex lateral approximant [ɭ ]
* voiceless retroflex lateral fricative [ꞎ ]
* retroflex nasal [ɳ ]
* voiced retroflex fricative [ʐ ]
* voiced retroflex plosive [ɖ ]
* voiced retroflex affricate [d͜ʐ ]
* voiceless retroflex fricative [ʂ]
* voiceless retroflex plosive [ʈ]
* voiceless retroflex affricate [t͜ʂ],

### Dorsal consonants

(articulated with the middle of the tongue)

#### Palatal consonants

* palatal clicks [ǂ] etc.
* palatal approximant [j] (yes)
* palatal ejective [cʼ]
* palatal lateral approximant [ʎ]
* voiceless palatal lateral fricative [𝼆]
* palatal nasal [ɲ]
* voiced palatal fricative [ʝ]
* voiced palatal implosive [ʄ]
* voiced palatal plosive [ɟ]
* voiceless palatal fricative [ç] (human, but not hum)
* voiceless palatal plosive [c]
* voiceless palatal lateral affricate [c͡𝼆]
* ejective palatal lateral affricate [c͡𝼆ʼ]

##### Labialized palatal consonants

* labialized palatal approximant [ɥ] [jʷ]

#### Velar consonants

* velar approximant [ɰ]
* velar ejective [kʼ]
* velar lateral approximant [ʟ]
* voiceless velar lateral fricative [𝼄]
* voiced velar fricative [ɣ]
* voiced velar implosive [ɠ ]
* voiced velar plosive [ɡ] (get)
* voiceless velar fricative [x]
* voiceless velar plosive [k] (kick, cat)
* ejective velar lateral affricate [k͡𝼄ʼ]

##### Labialized velar consonants

* voiced labialized velar approximant [w] (witch)
* voiceless labialized velar approximant [ʍ] (which, in some dialects)

##### Labial–velar consonants

* voiceless labial–velar plosive [kp]
* voiced labial–velar plosive [ɡb]
* labial-velar nasal [ŋm]

#### Uvular consonants

* uvular ejective [qʼ]
* uvular nasal [ɴ]
* uvular trill [ʀ]
* voiced uvular fricative [ʁ]
* voiced uvular implosive [ʛ]
* voiced uvular plosive [ɢ]
* voiceless uvular fricative [χ]
* voiceless uvular plosive [q]

### Laryngeal consonants

(articulated with the throat)

#### Pharyngeal consonants

* pharyngeal plosive [ʡ]
* voiced pharyngeal fricative [ʕ]
* voiceless pharyngeal fricative [ħ]
* voiced pharyngeal trill [ʢ]
* voiceless pharyngeal trill [ʜ]

#### Glottal consonants

* voiceless glottal affricate [ʔh] (hat)
* murmured glottal affricate [ʔɦ]
* murmured glottal fricative or transition & approximant [ɦ] (ahead)
* voiceless glottal fricative or transition & approximant [h] (high)
* glottal plosive [ʔ]
* voiced glottal approximant [ʔ̰]
* voiceless nasal glottal approximant [h̃]

## Ordered by manner of articulation
### Nasal (stop) consonants

* bilabial nasal [m]
* voiceless bilabial nasal [m̥]
* labiodental nasal [ɱ]
* dental nasal [n̪]
* alveolar nasal [n]
* voiceless alveolar nasal [n̥]
* retroflex nasal [ɳ ]
* voiceless retroflex nasal [ɳ̊ ]
* palatal nasal [ ɲ]
* voiceless palatal nasal [ ɲ̥]
* velar nasal [ŋ]
* voiceless velar nasal [ŋ̊]
* uvular nasal [ɴ]

### Fricative consonants
#### Sibilant fricatives

* voiceless alveolar sibilant [s]
* voiced alveolar sibilant [z]
* voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant [ ʃ ]
* voiced palato-alveolar sibilant [ʒ]
* voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant (palatalized postalveolar) [ɕ]
* voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant [ʑ]
* voiceless retroflex sibilant [ʂ]
* voiced retroflex sibilant [ʐ ]

#### Central non-sibilant fricatives

* voiceless bilabial fricative [ɸ]
* voiced bilabial fricative [β]
* voiceless labiodental fricative [f]
* voiced labiodental fricative [v]
* voiceless bidental fricative [h̪͆]
* voiceless dental fricative [θ]
* voiced dental fricative [ð]
* voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative [θ̠]
* voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative [ɹ̝]
* voiceless palatal fricative [ç]
* voiced palatal fricative [ ʝ]
* voiceless velar fricative [x]
* voiced velar fricative [ɣ]
* voiceless uvular fricative [χ]
* voiceless pharyngeal fricative [ħ]
* voiceless epiglottal fricative [ʜ]
* voiceless palatal-velar fricative (not possible) [ɧ]

#### Lateral fricatives

* voiceless alveolar lateral fricative [ɬ]
* voiced alveolar lateral fricative [ɮ]
* voiceless retroflex lateral fricative [ꞎ ]
* voiceless palatal lateral fricative [𝼆])
* voiceless velar lateral fricative [𝼄])
* voiced velar lateral fricative [ʟ̝]

#### both fricatives and approximants

* voiced uvular fricative [ʁ]
* voiced pharyngeal fricative [ʕ]
* voiced epiglottal fricative [ʢ]

#### Pseudo-fricatives

* voiceless glottal fricative [h]
* voiced glottal fricative (murmured) [ɦ]

### Affricate consonants
#### Sibilant affricates

* voiceless postalveolar affricate [tʃ]
* voiced postalveolar affricate [dʒ]
* voiceless alveolar affricate [ts]
* voiced alveolar affricate [dz]
* voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate [ʨ]
* voiced alveolo-palatal affricate [dʑ]
* voiceless retroflex affricate [tʂ]
* voiced retroflex affricate [dʐ]
* Fricated alveolar clicks [ǃᶴ] (also voiced, nasalized, etc.)

#### Non-sibilant affricates

* Voiceless bilabial affricate [pɸ]
* Voiceless bilabial-labiodental affricate [pf]
* Voiceless labiodental affricate [p̪f]
* Voiced labiodental affricate [b̪v]
* Voiceless dental affricate [t̪θ]
* Voiced dental affricate [d̪ð]
* Voiceless retroflex nonsibilant affricate [tɻ̝̊ ]
* Voiced retroflex nonsibilant affricate [dɻ̝ ]
* voiceless palatal affricate [cç]
* voiced palatal affricate [ɟʝ]
* Voiceless velar affricate [kx]
* Voiced velar affricate [ɡɣ]
* Voiceless uvular affricate [qχ]
* Voiced uvular affricate [ɢʁ]
* Voiceless epiglottal affricate [ʡʜ]

#### Lateral affricates

* voiceless alveolar lateral affricate [tɬ]
* voiced alveolar lateral affricate [dɮ]
* Voiceless palatal lateral affricate [c𝼆]
* Voiceless retroflex lateral affricate [tꞎ]
* Voiceless velar lateral affricate [k𝼄]
* Voiced velar lateral affricate [ɡʟ̝]

### Approximant consonants

* bilabial approximant [β̞]
* labiodental approximant [ʋ]
* dental approximant [ð̞]
* alveolar approximant [ɹ]
* alveolar lateral approximant [l ]
* velarized alveolar lateral approximant [ɫ]
* retroflex approximant [ɻ ]
* retroflex lateral approximant [ɭ]
* palatal approximant [j]
* palatal lateral approximant [ʎ]
* nasal palatal approximant [ȷ̃]
* labialized palatal approximant [ɥ] [jʷ]
* velar approximant [ɰ]
* velar lateral approximant [ʟ]
* labialized velar approximant (voiced) [w]
* voiceless labialized velar approximant [ʍ]
* nasal labialized velar approximant [w̃]
* uvular approximant [ʁ̞]
* pharyngeal approximant [ʕ̞]
* epiglottal approximant [ʢ̞]
* voiced glottal approximant (murmured) [ɦ̞]
* voiceless glottal approximant [h̞]
* voiceless nasal glottal approximant [h̃]

### Flap (tap) consonants

* bilabial flap [ⱱ̟]
* labiodental flap [ⱱ]
* alveolar flap [ɾ]
* alveolar lateral flap [ɺ]
* retroflex flap [ɽ]
* retroflex lateral flap [𝼈 ]
* palatal lateral flap [ʎ̯]
* uvular flap [ɢ̆]
* velar lateral flap [ʟ̆]
* epiglottal flap [ʡ̯]

### Trill consonants

* bilabial trill [ʙ]
* alveolar trill [r]
* alveolar fricative trill [r̝]
* retroflex trill
* uvular trill [ʀ]
* epiglottal trill

### Lateral consonants
#### Approximants

* Alveolar lateral approximant [l]
* Velarized alveolar lateral approximant [ɫ]
* Retroflex lateral approximant [ɭ ]
* Palatal lateral approximant [ʎ]
* Velar lateral approximant [ʟ]

#### Fricatives

* Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative [ɬ]
* Voiced alveolar lateral fricative [ɮ]
* Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative [ꞎ ]
* Voiceless palatal lateral fricative [𝼆]
* Voiced velar lateral fricative [ʟ̝]
* Voiceless velar lateral fricative [𝼄]

#### Affricates

* Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate [tɬ]
* Voiced alveolar lateral affricate [dɮ]
* Voiceless palatal lateral affricate [c𝼆]
* Ejective palatal lateral affricate [c𝼆ʼ]
* Voiceless retroflex lateral affricate [tꞎ ]
* Ejective retroflex lateral affricate [tꞎʼ]
* Voiced velar lateral affricate [ɡʟ̝]
* Voiceless velar lateral affricate [k𝼄]
* Ejective velar lateral affricate [k𝼄ʼ]

#### Flaps

* Alveolar lateral flap [ɺ]
* Retroflex lateral flap [𝼈 ]
* Palatal lateral flap [ʎ̯]

#### Ejective

* Alveolar lateral ejective fricative [ɬʼ]

#### Clicks

* Dental lateral clicks [ǁ̪] etc.
* Alveolar lateral clicks [ǁ] etc.

### Ejective consonants
#### Plosives

* bilabial ejective [pʼ]
* dental ejective [t̪ʼ]
* alveolar ejective [tʼ]
* retroflex ejective [ʈʼ]
* palatal ejective [cʼ]
* velar ejective [kʼ]
* uvular ejective [qʼ]

#### Affricates

* alveolar ejective affricate [t͜sʼ]
* palato-alveolar ejective affricate [t͜ʃʼ]
* retroflex ejective affricate [t͜ʂʼ]
* alveolo-palatal ejective affricate [t͜ɕʼ]
* dental ejective affricate [t͜θʼ]
* palatal lateral ejective affricate [c͜𝼆ʼ]
* velar ejective affricate [k͜xʼ]
* uvular ejective affricate [q͜χʼ]
* alveolar lateral ejective affricate [t͜ɬʼ]
* velar lateral ejective affricate [k͜𝼄ʼ]

#### Fricatives

* bilabial ejective fricative [ɸʼ]
* labiodental ejective fricative [fʼ]
* dental ejective fricative [θʼ]
* alveolar ejective fricative [sʼ]
* palato-alveolar ejective fricative [ ʃʼ]
* alveolo-palatal ejective fricative [ɕʼ]
* retroflex ejective fricative [ʂʼ]
* palatal ejective fricative [çʼ]
* velar ejective fricative [xʼ]
* uvular ejective fricative [χʼ]
* pharyngeal ejective fricative [ħʼ]
* alveolar lateral ejective fricative [ɬʼ]
* velar lateral ejective fricative [𝼄ʼ]

### Implosive consonants

* voiced bilabial implosive [ɓ]
* voiceless bilabial implosive [ƥ]
* voiced dental implosive [ɗ̪ ]
* voiced alveolar implosive [ɗ ]
* voiceless alveolar implosive [ƭ]
* voiced retroflex implosive [ᶑ ]
* voiced palatal implosive [ ʄ ]
* voiceless palatal implosive [ƈ ]
* voiced velar implosive [ɠ ]
* voiceless velar implosive [ƙ]
* voiced uvular implosive [ʛ ]
* voiceless uvular implosive [ʠ ]

### Labialized consonants
#### Plosives

* voiceless labialized velar plosive [kʷ]
* voiced labialized velar plosive [ɡʷ]
* Voiceless labialized labial-velar plosive [k͜pʷ]
* voiceless labialized uvular plosive [qʷ]
* voiced labialized uvular plosive [ɢʷ]

#### Fricatives

* voiceless labialized velar fricative [xʷ] [ʍ]
* voiced labialized velar fricative [ɣʷ]
* voiceless labialized uvular fricative [χʷ]
* voiced labialized uvular fricative [ʁʷ]

#### Approximants

* labialized palatal approximant [ɥ] [jʷ]
* (voiced) labialized velar approximant [w] [ɰʷ]
* voiceless labialized velar approximant [ʍ] [w̥]
* nasal labialized velar approximant [w̃]

### Palatalized consonants

* voiced palatalized postalveolar fricative [ʑ]
* voiceless palatalized postalveolar fricative [ɕ]
* voiced palatalized postalveolar affricate [d̠͜ʑ]
* voiceless palatalized postalveolar affricate [t̠͜ɕ]
* voiceless palatalized velar plosive [kʲ]

### Pharyngealized consonants

* voiceless pharyngealized alveolar sibilant [sˤ]
* voiced pharyngealized alveolar sibilant [zˤ]
* voiceless pharyngealized alveolar plosive [tˤ]
* voiced pharyngealized alveolar plosive [dˤ]
* voiceless pharyngealized dental fricative [θˤ]
* voiced pharyngealized dental fricative [ðˤ]
* voiceless pharyngealized alveolar lateral fricative [ɬˤ]
* voiced pharyngealized alveolar lateral fricative [ɮˤ]
* pharyngealized glottal stop [ʔˤ]
* pharyngealized alveolar lateral approximant [lˤ]
* pharyngealized alveolar nasal [nˤ]

### Velarized consonants

* Voiceless velarized alveolar sibilant [sˠ]
* Voiced velarized dental fricative [ðˠ]
* Voiceless velarized alveolar plosive [tˠ]
* Velarized alveolar flap [ɾˠ]
* Voiceless velarized uvular plosive [qˠ]
* Voiceless velarized uvular fricative [χˠ]
* Voiced velarized uvular fricative [ʁˠ]
* Voiceless velarized alveolar lateral fricative [ɬˠ]
* Voiced velarized alveolar lateral fricative [ɮˠ]
* Velarized alveolar lateral approximant [ɫ] [lˠ]

### Glottalized consonants
#### Reinforced airstream

* Voiceless labioglottal plosive[ʔᵖ]
* Voiceless alveologlottal plosive[ʔᵗ]
* Voiceless veloglottal plosive[ʔᵏ]

#### Blocked airstream

* Voiced glottalized alveolar nasal [nˀ]
* Voiced glottalized alveolar plosive [tˀ]
* Voiced glottalized dental fricative [ðˀ]

#### Restricted airstream

* Creaky-voiced bilabial nasal[m̰]

#### Whispery voice

* Breathy-voiced bilabial nasal [mʱ]
* Breathy-voiced bilabial plosive [bʱ]
* Breathy-voiced alveolar plosive [dʱ]
* Breathy-voiced velar plosive [gʱ]

### Click consonants

The less common clicks, such as are found in Taa, are not included.

#### Simple clicks

* bilabial clicks [ʘ]
** either velar:
** voiceless bilabial click [ᵏʘ]
** voiced bilabial click [ᶢʘ]
** bilabial nasal click [ᵑʘ]
** or uvular:
** [𐞥ʘ], [𐞒ʘ], [ᶰʘ]
* dental clicks [ǀ] (= ⟨ʇ⟩)
** either velar:
** voiceless dental click [ᵏǀ]
** voiced dental click [ᶢǀ]
** dental nasal click [ᵑǀ]
** or uvular:
** [𐞥ǀ], [𐞒ǀ], [ᶰǀ]
* (post)alveolar click [ǃ] (= ⟨ʗ⟩)
** either velar:
** voiceless alveolar click [ᵏǃ]
** voiced alveolar click [ᶢǃ]
** alveolar nasal click [ᵑǃ]
** or uvular:
** [𐞥ǃ], [𐞒ǃ], [ᶰǃ]
* alveolar lateral clicks [ǁ] (= ⟨ʖ⟩)
** either velar:
** voiceless alveolar lateral click [ᵏǁ]
** voiced alveolar lateral click [ᶢǁ]
** alveolar lateral nasal click [ᵑǁ]
** or uvular:
** [𐞥ǁ], [𐞒ǁ], [ᶰǁ]
* retroflex clicks [𝼊 ] (= ⟨‼⟩)
** either velar:
** voiceless retroflex click [ᵏ𝼊 ]
** voiced retroflex click [ᶢ𝼊 ]
** retroflex nasal click [ᵑ𝼊 ]
** or uvular:
** [𐞥𝼊 ], [𐞒𝼊 ], [ᶰ𝼊 ]
* palatal clicks [ǂ (= ⟨ 𝼋 ⟩)
** either velar:
** voiceless palatal click [ᵏǂ]
** voiced palatal click [ᶢǂ]
** palatal nasal click [ᵑǂ]
** or uvular:
** [𐞥ǂ], [𐞒ǂ], [ᶰǂ]

#### Glottalized clicks

* velar (uvular clicks not shown):
* glottalized bilabial nasal click [ᵑ̊ʘˀ]
* glottalized dental nasal click [ᵑ̊ǀˀ]
* glottalized alveolar nasal click [ᵑ̊ǃˀ]
* glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click [ᵑ̊ǁˀ]
* glottalized retroflex nasal click [ᵑ̊𝼊ˀ]
* glottalized palatal nasal click [ᵑ̊ǂˀ]

#### Pulmonic-contour clicks

* voiceless bilabial linguo-pulmonic stop [ʘ͡q]
* voiced bilabial linguo-pulmonic stop [ʘ͡ɢ]
* voiceless dental linguo-pulmonic stop [ǀ͡q]
* voiced dental linguo-pulmonic stop [ǀ͡ɢ]
* voiceless alveolar linguo-pulmonic stop [ǃ͡q]
* voiced alveolar linguo-pulmonic stop [ǃ͡ɢ]
* voiceless alveolar lateral linguo-pulmonic stop [ǁ͡q]
* voiced alveolar lateral linguo-pulmonic stop [ǁ͡ɢ]
* voiceless retroflex linguo-pulmonic stop [𝼊͡q]
* voiced retroflex linguo-pulmonic stop [𝼊͡ɢ]
* voiceless palatal linguo-pulmonic stop [ǂ͡q]
* voiced palatal linguo-pulmonic stop [ǂ͡ɢ]
* voiceless bilabial linguo-pulmonic affricate [ʘ͡χ]
* voiced bilabial linguo-pulmonic affricate [ʘ͡ʁ]
* voiceless dental linguo-pulmonic affricate [ǀ͡χ]
* voiced dental linguo-pulmonic affricate [ǀ͡ʁ]
* voiceless alveolar linguo-pulmonic affricate [ǃ͡χ]
* voiced alveolar linguo-pulmonic affricate [ǃ͡ʁ]
* voiceless alveolar lateral linguo-pulmonic affricate [ǁ͡χ]
* voiced alveolar lateral linguo-pulmonic affricate [ǁ͡ʁ]
* voiceless retroflex linguo-pulmonic affricate [𝼊͡χ]
* voiced retroflex linguo-pulmonic affricate [𝼊͡ʁ]
* voiceless palatal linguo-pulmonic affricate [ǂ͡χ]
* voiced palatal linguo-pulmonic affricate [ǂ͡ʁ]

#### Ejective-contour clicks

* bilabial linguo-glottalic stop [ʘ͡qʼ]
* dental linguo-glottalic stop [ǀ͡qʼ]
* alveolar linguo-glottalic stop [ǃ͡qʼ]
* alveolar lateral linguo-glottalic stop [ǁ͡qʼ]
* retroflex linguo-glottalic stop [𝼊͡qʼ]
* palatal linguo-glottalic stop [ǂ͡qʼ]
* bilabial linguo-glottalic affricate [ʘ͡χʼ]
* dental linguo-glottalic affricate [ǀ͡χʼ]
* alveolar linguo-glottalic affricate [ǃ͡χʼ]
* alveolar lateral linguo-glottalic affricate [ǁ͡χʼ]
* retroflex linguo-glottalic affricate [𝼊͡χʼ]
* palatal linguo-glottalic affricate [ǂ͡χʼ]

### Percussive consonants

These are not found in any language, but occur as phonetic detail or through speech defects.
* bilabial percussive [ʬ]
* bidental percussive [ʭ]
* Sublaminal lower-alveolar percussive [¡]