OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pakowki Lake

Pakowki Lake is an endorheic lake in Alberta, Canada located south of Etzikom, Alberta and not far north is the former town site of Pakowki which may have received its name from the lake.
It is located in the prairies of Southern Alberta, at an elevation of 860 metres (2,820 ft), in the County of Forty Mile No. 8. It is fed by a number of coulees and creeks, such as Etzikom Coulee, Irrigation Creek, Erickson Coulee, Ketchum Creek, Canal Creek, Bond Coulee and Bryant Coulee, and has no outflow. Reaching a maximum extent of 123 km$^2$ (47 sq mi), it is one of the largest lakes in the province.
The name means "bad water" in Blackfoot language, named so for the bad smell caused by the lack of an outflow. While it is the largest water body in southern Alberta, its waters are intermittent, and it can be classified as a slough. In times of flooding, the lake overflows through a channel into the Milk River, which flows 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) south of the lake.

## Conservation

The Pakowki Lake Provincial Bird Sanctuary is established on and around the lake, which provides congregations of waterfowl and waders, as a staging area for migration along the western flyway. The lake is designated an important bird area and listed by Bird Studies Canada and Bird Life International as globally significant but none of the lake has federal or provincial protected status.
Species of birds observed at the lake include double-crested cormorant, black-crowned night-heron, marsh wren, cinnamon teal and American bittern.
Mammals such as pronghorns, badgers, coyotes, striped skunks and porcupines are commonly found on the shores as well.
The lake lies in a sand dune-wetland environment of the grassland biome. Flora on the lake shores consists of threatened western spiderwort (Tradescantia occidentalis), vulnerable smooth goosefoot (Chenopodium subglabrum), Great Basin Downingia and skeletonweed (Eriogonum deflexum).
The lake contains no fish species.

## Avian botulism

In high water years, the lake kills hundreds of thousands of birds due to avian botulism. Government studies conclude that nothing can be done to prevent the botulism.
# Henry G. Hager

Henry G. Hager III (April 28, 1934 – June 27, 2024) was an American politician from Pennsylvania who served as a Republican member of the Pennsylvania State Senate for the 23rd district from 1973 to 1984 including as President pro tempore from 1981 to 1984.

## Early life and education

Hager was born in Williamsport, Pennsylvania on April 28, 1934, to Dr. Henry G. and Eleanor Watt Hager. He received a B.A. degree in 1956 from Wesleyan University and graduated from the University of Pennsylvania Law School in 1959.

## Career

Hager served as the Lycoming County District Attorney from 1964 to 1968.
He joined the Pennsylvania State Senate for the 23rd district in November 1972 and was reelected in 1976 and 1980. He advanced in the Republican caucus to minority leader and served as President pro tempore from 1981 to 1984. He left the senate in 1984 and became president of the Insurance Federation of Pennsylvania.

## Death

Hager died in Fort Myers, Florida on June 27, 2024, at the age of 90.

## Legacy

The Hager Lifelong Education Center at Pennsylvania College of Technology was named in his honor.
# Bert Katzenmeyer

Albert C. Katzenmeyer (July 11, 1918 – October 2, 1970) was an American coach and administrator who was the men's golf coach at the University of Michigan from 1947 to 1968 and the Wichita State University athletic director from 1968 to 1970. He was one of 31 fatalities in the Wichita State University football team plane crash.

## Golfing

Katzenmeyer was born in Ellwood City, Pennsylvania on July 11, 1918 to John and Elizabeth (Swartz) Katzenmeyer. He played golf at Ann Arbor High School and Alma College and captained his college team to an Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association championship. After graduating, he spent three years in the United States Air Force and was the assistant golf coach at Ohio State University in 1946. In 1947, Katzenmeyer became the head golf coach at the University of Michigan. He coached the Wolverines to Big Ten Conference championships in 1947, 1949, and 1952. One of his golfers, Dave Barclay, won the 1947 NCAA golf championship. Katzenmeyer was also the coach of Michigan's junior varsity men's basketball team (1947–48) and an administrative assistant to athletic director Fielding H. Yost (1962–68).

## Wichita State University

On May 8, 1968, Katzenmeyer was named athletic director at Wichita State University. He took over a program that had recently been placed on probation by the National Collegiate Athletic Association for recruiting violations by coach football Boyd Converse and athletic director Noah G. Allen. During the 1968 Wichita State Shockers football team, feuded with head coach Eddie Kriwiel. The Shockers went winless that year and Kriwiel resigned at the end of the season. Katzenmeyer replaced him with Virginia assistant Ben Wilson. On July 28, 1969, the school had its television and bowl game ban lifted by the NCAA "due largely to [Katzenmeyer's] efficient and practical reorganization of university policies and procedures. In 1970, the school dropped its baseball and gymnastic programs due to budgetary issues.
On October 2, 1970, a plane transporting the Wichita State football team to a game at Utah State lost power, crashed, and burned in the Rocky Mountains near Silver Plume, Colorado. Katzenmeyer and his wife were among the 31 persons killed in the crash.
# Wildcatter (ride)

Wildcatter (Formerly known as G-Force and Texas Cliffhanger) was a 128-foot-tall Intamin First-Generation Freefall ride that operated at Six Flags Over Texas in Arlington, Texas. It was located in the Boomtown section of the park. It closed in September 2007, and was imploded in October 2007.

## History

The ride first opened in 1982 as the Texas Cliffhanger, it was the original and first of its kind of the Intamin Freefall towers installed in the world, costed Six Flags Over Texas 2.1 million dollars, the other one being at Six Flags Magic Mountain during the same time. During the span of the next two-decades multiple other Freefall towers were installed at multiple parks around the world.
In 1996, it was renamed to G-Force, originally painted with brown on the full tower structure, and yellow on the gondola track; a new paint-job included black to the full tower structure, and red to the gondola track. In addition, a new four-sided metal plate was installed on the top of the tower, rethemed as the “Air Force Base and Astronaut training center” as part of the addition of the nearby The Right Stuff Adventure Theater. The four-sided metal plate would later use the Six Flags Over Texas logo as the parks signage.
In 2000, it was renamed to Wildcatter "Tejas Oil Drilling", rethemed to give more of an industrial theme of an oil derrick.

## Ride Description

Riders sat in small gondolas which were lifted by an elevator shaft 7-stories up into the tower’s structure. The small gondola would slowly move forward, outside of the lift mechanism, onto an outside track, riders would wait 5-10 seconds, until the units were released by chains for a full drop down the l-shaped track. Near the bottom, the guide rails gradually curved, changing directions about roughly 90 degrees, so that it was parallel to the ground. The gondola would then run down the parallel guide rails with the riders on their backs until it returned to the entrance.

## Closure & Demolition

Due to the dwindling popularity of the ride, and rise of popularity of the Superman: Tower Of Power, the ride closed in September 2007. On October 2, 2007, Wildcatter was demolished with explosives to make room for the upcoming Tony Hawk's Big Spin rollercoaster (Now known as Pandemonium) for the 2008 season. The tower's supporting legs were cut down, and about 6 lbs of shaped-charge explosives were added to it.

## See Also

Freefall (ride)
# Alladi Kuppu Swamy

Justice Alladi Kuppuswami B.A., B.L. (1920-2012) was Chief Justice of Andhra Pradesh High Court.
He is son of Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer and born on 23 March 1920. He was educated at Loyola College and Law College, Madras. He did B.A. (Hons.) Mathematics Degree in First Class in 1939 and studied Law in 1939–41. He worked as apprentice under late Sri V. Govindarajachari and enrolled as an Advocate in 1942. He was a member of the Andhra Pradesh Bar Council – 1961–67.
He died of cardiac arrest in Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh on 12 March 2012.
# Ayaka Yamashita (voice actress)

Ayaka Yamashita (山下 亜矢香, Yamashita Ayaka, born January 31) is a Japanese voice actress who is affiliated with Arts Vision. She was formerly a member of Aoni Production and Production Baobab.

## Personal life

Her hobbies involve dancing, playing the guitar, drawing still-life pictures and loves writing poems. She has an ability that she is very skilled with, and that is learning the Mandarin Chinese language.

## Voice roles
### Anime television series

* Beyblade: V-Force – Boy B (Episode 3); Classmate I (Episode 2); Jim; Pupil B (Episode 5); Youth 1 (Episode 1)
* The Beast Player Erin – Panshe
* Love Get Chu – Bully A
* Naruto – Matsuri, Leaf Ninja Student (Episode 56)
* Queen's Blade – Woman Wrestler
* Sergeant Frog – Aunt
* Ultimate Muscle – Kaori (Episodes 13–14)

### Anime films

* Yatterman – Hitomi Takada

### Games

* Bouken Jidai Katsugeki Goemon – Goemon

## Dubbing Roles
### Television Animation

* Franny's Feet – Johnny
* My Gym Partner's a Monkey – Adam Lyon
* Star Wars: The Clone Wars – Chalice

### Live Action Television

* Without a Trace – Additional Japanese dubbing voice
hentai

### Live Action Films

* Bring It On – Justin Shipman (Cody McMains)
* College Road Trip – Nancy Carter (Brenda Song)
* Lakeview Terrace – Marcus Turner (Jaishon Fisher)
* The Santa Clause 3: The Escape Clause – Additional Japanese dubbing voice
# Ivor Philips

Ivor Lloyd Phillips, MC (1904–1997) was Archdeacon of Newport from 1964 to 1973.
Phillips was educated at Aberystwyth University and St Michael's College, Llandaff. He was ordained deacon in 1931 and priest in 1932. After curacies in Machen and Maindee he was a Military Chaplain from 1939 to 1946. He served with the Pembrokeshire Yeomanry in Italy and was awarded the Military Cross. When peace returned he was Vicar of St Paul, Newport from 1946 to 1965; and Rector of Tredunnock from 1965 to 1973.
# Common drain

In electronics, a common-drain amplifier, also known as a source follower, is one of three basic single-stage field-effect transistor (FET) amplifier topologies, typically used as a voltage buffer. In this circuit (NMOS) the gate terminal of the transistor serves as the signal input, the source is the output, and the drain is common to both (input and output), hence its name. Because of its low dependence on the load resistor on the voltage gain, it can be used to drive low resistance loads, such as a speaker. The analogous bipolar junction transistor circuit is the common-collector amplifier. This circuit is also commonly called a "stabilizer".
In addition, this circuit is used to transform impedances. For example, the Thévenin resistance of a combination of a voltage follower driven by a voltage source with high Thévenin resistance is reduced to only the output resistance of the voltage follower (a small resistance). That resistance reduction makes the combination a more ideal voltage source. Conversely, a voltage follower inserted between a driving stage and a high load (i.e. a low resistance) presents an infinite resistance (low load) to the driving stage—an advantage in coupling a voltage signal to a large load.

## Characteristics

At low frequencies, the source follower pictured at right has the following small-signal characteristics.
| | Definition | Expression | Approximate expression | Conditions |
| Current gain | $A_{\text{i}}={\frac {i_{\text{out}}}{i_{\text{in}}}}$ | $\infty$ | $\infty$ | |
| Voltage gain | $A_{\text{v}}={\frac {v_{\text{out}}}{v_{\text{in}}}}$ | ${\frac {g_{m}R_{\text{S}}}{g_{m}R_{\text{S}}+1}}$ | $\approx 1$ | $g_{m}R_{\text{S}}\gg 1$ |
| Input impedance | $r_{\text{in}}={\frac {v_{\text{in}}}{i_{\text{in}}}}$ | $\infty$ | $\infty$ | |
| Output impedance | $r_{\text{out}}={\frac {v_{\text{out}}}{i_{\text{out}}}}$ | $R_{\text{S}}\parallel {\frac {1}{g_{m}}}={\frac {R_{\text{S}}}{g_{m}R_{\text{S}}+1}}$ | $\approx {\frac {1}{g_{m}}}$ | $g_{m}R_{S}\gg 1$ |
The variable g$_m$ that is not listed in the schematic is the transconductance of the device (usually given in units of siemens).
# Face Off (Pastor Troy album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Face Off is the fourth studio album by American rapper and producer Pastor Troy. It was released on May 22, 2001 through Madd Society/Universal Records. Production was handled by Carl Mo, Big Toombs, Benny "DaDa" Tillman, Carlos "Los Vagez" Thornton, Gene Griffin, Paul Wright, and Pastor Troy himself. It features guest appearances from Co-Ed, Nature Boy and Lil Pete. The album peaked at number 83 on the Billboard 200 in the United States.

## Track listing
### Notes

* Tracks 10–12 were previously released on Pastor Troy's 1999 album We Ready (I Declare War).
* Tracks 3–5, 8, 13–14 were previously released on Pastor Troy's 2000 album I Am D.S.G.B..

## Personnel

* Micah Troy – main artist, producer (tracks: 2, 4, 5, 8–10, 12–14), executive producer
* Yizar "Nature Boy" Rainwater – featured artist (track 4)
* Co-Ed – featured artists (track 7)
* Lil Pete – featured artist (track 9)
* Tony Love – guitar (tracks: 2, 8)
* Dale "Rambro" Ramsey – ProTools, recording (track 1), mixing (tracks: 2, 6, 7)
* Carl Mahone Jr. – producer (tracks: 3, 6, 9)
* Benny "DaDa" Tillman – producer (track 7)
* Carlos "Los Vagez" Thornton – producer (track 7)
* Big Toombs – producer (tracks: 11, 12)
* Gene Griffin – producer (track 11)
* Paul Wright – producer (track 11)
* Ismel "Nino" Ramos – recording (tracks: 2, 3, 6, 7)
* Khali Fani – recording (tracks: 4, 5, 8, 9, 13, 14)
* Mike Wilson – recording (tracks: 3, 6, 7), mixing (tracks: 3–5, 8–10, 12–14)
* Sol Messiah – recording (tracks: 4, 5, 8, 9, 13, 14)
* Chris Athens – mastering
* Sandy Brummels – art direction
* Robert Sims – design
* Jonathan Mannion – photography
* Eloise Bryan – A&R
* Marcus Smith – A&R
* Jeya Larkins – A&R
* Elaine Lee – A&R
* Chris Lighty – management

## Charts

| Chart (2001) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 83 |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard) | 13 |
# Brumby 610 Evolution

The Brumby Aircraft Brumby 610 Evolution is an Australian single-engined, two-seat, training or touring, cabin monoplane of all-metal construction. The aircraft is built by Brumby Aircraft Australia as a production or kit aircraft at Cowra Airport near Cowra, New South Wales, Australia. The base cost of the aircraft is A$110,000.

## Design and development

Announced in 2010, the Brumby 610 is essentially a high-wing development of the Brumby 600, featuring a slightly larger fuel capacity and heavy-duty undercarriage components. Designed primarily as a trainer to focus on landing phases, the Brumby 610 also displays benign stall characteristics, with a lower landing speed than the Brumby 600, and a stall speed of 38 knots (70 km/h). It has fixed tricycle landing gear and seating for two in side-by-side configuration, with doors on each side of the cabin. The Brumby 610 is available with two powerplants; the 100 to 116 hp (75 to 87 kW) Lycoming IO-233 or 100 hp (75 kW) Rotax 912 series engine, driving a two or three bladed propeller. Unlike the Brumby 600, the Brumby 610 is not offered with the Jabiru 3300 engine option. The prototype was first flown under RA-Aus registration in March 2011, and by 2014 eight had been delivered, either as kits or complete aircraft. A factory built Brumby 610 was the first aircraft in Australia to be fitted with the Lycoming O-233 engine.

## Specifications

Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Capacity: 2 (including pilot)
* Length: 6.10 m (20 ft 0 in)
* Wingspan: 8.53 m (28 ft 0 in)
* Wing area: 10.9 m$^2$ (117 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 350 kg (771 lb)
* Gross weight: 600 kg (1,322 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × various piston engines, see text.
* Maximum speed: 259 km/h (161 mph, 140 kn)
* Cruise speed: 204 km/h (127 mph, 110 kn)
* Stall speed: 71 km/h (44 mph, 38 kn)
* Endurance: 6 hours
* Rate of climb: 5.1 m/s (1,000 ft/min) (at sea level)
# Brumby 600

The Brumby Aircraft Brumby 600, also known as the Brumby LSA 600 is an Australian single-engined, two-seat, training or touring cabin monoplane. The aircraft is built by Brumby Aircraft Australia as a production or kit aircraft at Cowra Airport near Cowra, New South Wales, Australia. Designed to meet regulations governing light sport aircraft (LSA), it was developed from the Goair Trainer.

## Design and development

The Brumby was developed from the GoAir GT-1 Trainer, which was built at Bankstown Airport in Sydney during the late 1990s.
The Brumby 600 is a low-wing monoplane of all-metal construction. It has a fixed tricycle landing gear and an enclosed cockpit for two in side-by-side configuration with a forward-sliding canopy for access; sideways-opening gull-wing doors are available as an optional kit. It can be powered by a 100 to 116 hp (75 to 87 kW) Lycoming IO-233, 100 hp (75 kW) Rotax 912ULS or 120 hp (89 kW) Jabiru 3300 engine, driving a wooden two-blade propeller.
A high-wing version has been developed as the Brumby 610 Evolution.

## Specifications

Data from Brumby Aircraft Australia, Jane's All The World's Aircraft
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Capacity: 2 (including pilot)
* Length: 6.25 m (20 ft 6 in)
* Wingspan: 8.53 m (28 ft 0 in)
* Height: 2.13 m (7 ft 0 in)
* Wing area: 9.75 m$^2$ (105 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 350 kg (771 lb)
* Gross weight: 600 kg (1,322 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × various piston engines, see text.
* Maximum speed: 259 km/h (161 mph, 140 kn)
* Cruise speed: 204 km/h (127 mph, 110 kn)
* Stall speed: 75 km/h (46 mph, 40 kn)
* Endurance: 5 hours
* Rate of climb: 5.1 m/s (1,000 ft/min)
# Euchrepomis

Euchrepomis is a genus of insectivorous passerine birds in the antbird family, Thamnophilidae.
In 2012 Gustavo Bravo and colleagues introduced the genus Euchrepomis for four species that were previously placed in the genus Terenura. The name of the genus combines the Ancient Greek words euchrōs for "ruddy" or "bright-coloured" and epōmis for the "point of the shoulder". Male birds in the genus have a characteristic patch of yellow or rufous-orange feathers on their secondary coverts. The type species is the rufous-rumped antwren. The four species are:
* Rufous-rumped antwren (Euchrepomis callinota)
* Chestnut-shouldered antwren (Euchrepomis humeralis)
* Yellow-rumped antwren (Euchrepomis sharpei)
* Ash-winged antwren (Euchrepomis spodioptila)
# Shirley Meacham

Shirley Meacham (April 17, 1927 – December 11, 2010) was an American nurse and politician.
Shirley Terry was born in Helena, Arkansas, to parents Lee and Edith Terry. The family moved to Clarendon, where she graduated high school. She later attended Memphis State University and served in Memphis, Tennessee, with the Volunteer Nursing Corps. Terry married Kirby Meacham Sr. in 1947, and soon moved to Monroe, Arkansas. The Arkansas Digital Archives have photos of her and a campaign card. She was elected to office after the death of her husband, who served in the Arkansas House from 1967 to 1974, succeeding him in office. She served in the Arkansas House for 17 years.
# University of Chitral

University of Chitral is a public sector university located in the Chitral District of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The university was founded in 2017. It is being run by the provincial government.

## Overview and history

The University of Chitral was established in the District Chitral by the government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in 2017. The university was founded in response to a notification issued by the Higher Education, Archives and Libraries Department of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, bearing the reference number SO(UE-II)3-1/2017 and dated March 31, 2017.
Before the inception of the University of Chitral, there were two university campuses operating in the district Chitral which were the sub-campuses of Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal and Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan. Due to a steady increase in student enrollment across these campuses over time, the demand for academic amenities witnessed a substantial surge. The existing academic, research, and residential infrastructure were not enough to cater for the actual requirements of all the students. This circumstance prompted the imperative for the establishment of a full-fledged university in Chitral. The residents of Chitral had long been advocating for the establishment of a fully-fledged university within the region. Responding to this demand, the University of Chitral was founded in 2011.
University of Chitral will act as a "regional educational corridor" for Pakistan, Afghanistan, Central Asia via Wakhan Strip, Gilgit Baltistan and Gilgit-Chitral, Dir, Malakand alternate CPEC Route.

## Departments

The university currently has the following Departments.
* Department of Botany
* Department of Computer Science
* Department of Economics
* Department of Education
* Department of English Language & Literature
* Department of Management Sciences
* Department of Political Science
* Department of Sociology
* Department of Tourism and Hotel Management
* Department of Urdu
* Department of Zoology
# Pittsburgh Saturday Visiter

The Pittsburgh Saturday Visiter [sic] was an abolitionist and women's rights paper printed in Pittsburgh. Founded in 1847, Jane Swisshelm was the editor and Robert M. Riddle printed the paper. It had good circulation numbers and ran until 1854.

## History

Journalist Jane Swisshelm was the founder of the Pittsburgh Saturday Visiter [sic] and she funded the work through money in her own estate and printed the paper with Robert M. Riddle. Swisshelm served as the editor and Riddle printing the paper. At the time, the abolitionist newspaper in Pittsburgh had closed and a new paper was needed. She launched the Saturday Visiter on December 20, 1847. There were crowds actually waiting in the streets for the first issue. Swisshelm spelled "visitor" as "visiter" and believed her spelling was correct.
The Saturday Visiter published women's rights, temperance, and abolitionist editorials. She also endorsed Free Soil arguments against slavery. The paper had a good circulation with around 6,000 subscribers, though more subscribers actually lived outside of Pennsylvania.
Eventually, Swisshelm started looking to sell the Visiter in 1853, and looked for someone with similar political views as herself. After Swisshelm had a child, she realized that she was neglecting the work on the Visiter. The paper itself went bankrupt by 1854, despite its good circulation and was sold to Riddle. Riddle merged the paper with the weekly edition of his Commercial Journal, keeping Swisshelm on as editor.

## Reception

Frederick Douglass said, "There are few papers exerting greater influence than the Saturday Visiter, edited by Mrs. Swisshelm."
# OPG

OPG may refer to:
* Osteoprotegerin
* Office of the Public Guardian (disambiguation)
* Office of HM Paymaster General
* Online Policy Group
* Ontario Power Generation
* Open Government Partnership
* Optical parametric generator
* Orthopantomograph or orthopantogram, a panoramic radiograph