OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Herbert Ashcombe Walker

Sir Herbert Ashcombe Walker KCB (16 May 1868 – 29 September 1949) was a British railway manager.

## Early life

Walker was born in Paddington, London, on 16 May 1868, the son of a doctor. He was educated at the North London Collegiate School and studied medicine for one year at St Francis Xavier College, Bruges. He then passed the Apothecaries' Hall exam.

## Career

When family finances meant that plans for a medical career had to be abandoned, Walker, aged 17, joined the London and North Western Railway (LNWR) as a clerk at Euston in April 1885. In January 1889 he became outdoor assistant to the Superintendent of the Line. In 1893 he was made Assistant District Superintendent, North Wales Division and 10 months later was moved to the same job in the Southern Division (covering London to Stafford); in 1902 he became District Superintendent Euston, when he visited the US to study American practice. In October 1909, he became Assistant to the Superintendent of the Line and in July 1910 Outdoor Goods Manager for the southern half of the LNWR. In 1911 he became Assistant to the General Manager, Sir Frank Ree.
From 1 January 1912, he became General Manager of the London and South Western Railway, where he instigated the programme of third-rail electrification. He received a knighthood in March 1915. By January 1917, he was acting chairman of the Railway Executive Committee, for which he was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB).
After a frustrating year of indecision on the part of the Southern Railway's Board, he was appointed General Manager there in 1923, where he encouraged the electrification programme and was a major influence on locomotive development on the Southern Railway. On his retirement in 1937, he served as a Director of the Southern Railway until the end of its existence in 1947.
In addition to his two knighthoods, Walker was a lieutenant of the City of London, Knight of Grace of the Order of Saint John and a Grand Officer of the French Legion of Honour. He served in the Engineer and Logistic Staff Corps, retiring as a Colonel.

## Personal life

In 1894 Walker married Ethel Louisa Griffith. After her death in 1909, he married Lorina Elizabeth Shield in 1910. There were no children from either marriage. Walker died on 29 September 1949 at his home in Hampstead, North London.

## Character

Walker was physically well made, having stamina and a commanding presence. He looked what he was, a man who knew his job and meant to do it and had a remarkable memory. There is a memorial to him, including a stone cameo portrait, set in the stonework at Waterloo station, commemorating his involvement in the rebuilding of the station, completed in 1922 and the electrification of the Southern Railway. He was a strong advocate of the Channel Tunnel.
# Nandi Award for Best Actress

The Nandi Award for Best Actress was commissioned in 1977. The winner is awarded a "Silver Nandi" and a cash award of ₹30,000.

## Superlatives

The Actresses with most wins are listed in total order
| Wins | Actress |
| 4 | Vijayashanti, Jayasudha |
| 2 | Laya, Aamani, Lakshmi |

## List of winners of Nandi Awards for Best Actress

| Year | Actress | Role | Film |
| 2016 | Ritu Varma | Chitra | Pelli Choopulu |
| 2015 | Anushka Shetty | Soundarya 'Sweety' | Size Zero |
| 2014 | Anjali | Geetanjali/Ushanjali | Geethanjali |
| 2013 | Anjali Patil | Durga | Naa Bangaaru Talli |
| 2012 | Samantha | Nithya Yalavarthi | Yeto Vellipoyindhi Manasu |
| 2011 | Nayanthara | Goddess Sita | Sri Rama Rajyam |
| 2010 | Nithya Menen | Nithya | Ala Modalaindi |
| 2009 | Theertha | Malli | Sontha Ooru |
| 2008 | Swathi Reddy | Lavanya | Ashta Chamma |
| 2007 | Charmy Kaur | Mantra | Mantra |
| 2006 | Nandita Das | Kamli | Kamli |
| 2005 | Trisha | Siri | Nuvvostanante Nenoddantana |
| 2004 | Kamalinee Mukherjee | Roopa | Anand |
| 2003 | Bhumika Chawla | Meghana | Missamma |
| 2002 | Kalyani | Swathi | Avunu Valliddaru Ista Paddaru |
| 2001 | Laya | Meena | Preminchu |
| 2000 | Laya | Usha | Manoharam |
| 1999 | Maheswari | Sasirekha | Nee Kosam |
| 1998 | Roja | Bhanumati | Swarnakka |
| 1997 | Vijayashanti | Ramulamma | Osey Ramulamma |
| 1996 | Soundarya | Radha | Pavithra Bandham |
| 1995 | Aamani | Ganga | Subha Sankalpam |
| 1994 | Ooha | Bhavani | Aame |
| 1993 | Aamani | Jhansi / Goddess Lakshmi | Mr. Pellam |
| 1992 | Meena | Rajeshwari | Rajeswari Kalyanam |
| 1991 | Sridevi | Satya | Kshana Kshanam |
| 1990 | Vijayashanti | Vyjayanthi | Karthavyam |
| 1989 | Vijayashanti | Bharathi | Bharatha Naari |
| 1988 | Bhanupriya | Meenakshi | Swarna Kamalam |
| 1987 | Sumalatha | Sita | Sruthilayalu |
| 1986 | Lakshmi | Shanthi | Sravana Meghalu |
| 1985 | Vijayashanti | Jhansi | Pratighatana |
| 1984 | Suhasini | Swathi | Swathi |
| 1983 | Jayasudha | Lakshmi | Dharmaatmudu |
| 1982 | Jaya Prada | Padma | Meghasandesam |
| 1981 | Jayasudha | Jayanthi | Premabhishekam |
| 1980 | Sakuntala | | Kukka |
| 1979 | Jayasudha | Suhasini | Idi Katha Kaadu |
| 1978 | Roopa | Kalyani | Naalaaga Endaro |
| 1977 | Lakshmi | Sharada | Pantulamma |
# Polish Hound

The Polish Hound, commonly known as Ogar Polski, is a breed of hunting dog indigenous to Poland. The Polish Hound has a keen sense of smell. This heightened sense combined with the endurance needed to hunt in harsh environments led to its use in hunting, while its stature made it popular with Polish nobility.

## History

The first description of the Polish (Ogar) Hound is found in the book The beginnings of the natural history and farming of the national domestic and wild animals by Krzysztof Kluk (1779). According to historians, the Polish Hounds developed through crossbreeding of Bloodhounds (the St Hubert Hound), imported to Poland in the Middle Ages, with local hounds. Jan Szytier (1819) wrote about the "Polish Hound" and the "Polish Scent Hound" in his "Hunting Guide" (Poradnik Myśliwych). World War II resulted in the decline of the Polish Hounds' population. The attempts to revive the breed led to the emergence of two types: light-boned (bred by Colonel Józef Pawłusiewicz) and heavier-boned (bred by Colonel Piotr Kartawik). The latter one was recognized by the FCI as the "Ogar Polski" in 1966.

## Description

Polish Hounds reach 55–65 cm (22-23.5 inches) in height. Males weigh around 25 to 32 kg. (55-70.5 lb) while females weigh 20 to 26 kg (44-57.5 lb).

## Characteristics and Temperament

The Polish Hound has an average life span of 13 to 14 years. A medium-sized breed, Ogar Polski is often described as strong and sleek, with a powerful bone structure. The coloration of these animals is often a combination of a brown underside and black on top running from the neck to the tail. The breed has thick double coat, which ensures water resistance on outer and underlying skin layers. The Polish Hound's voice is often described as resonant and pure which makes it an ideal hunting dog. The Polish Hound matures slowly. Intelligent and easily trained, Polish Hounds are known to be calm, affectionate animals and great pets. Friendly with other breeds and very loyal, these dogs are also very protective of their land. It is unclear as to whether this breed makes a good guard dog. Many argue that its territorial nature makes it defensive against intruders, while other state that its passive nature renders it harmless to new people. Resilient to environment due to their origin of use, the Polish Hound acclimates quickly to new settings.
# Jamie Fielden

James Fielden (born 9 May 1978 in Halifax, West Yorkshire) is an English professional rugby league footballer for Keighley Cougars in National League One.
James Fielden's position of choice is as a prop.
He played for London Broncos and Huddersfield Giants in the Super League and also for Doncaster Dragons and Rochdale Hornets.
He is the older brother of Wigan Warriors and Great Britain international Stuart Fielden.
# Nazr

In Islam, the Urdu word nazr (Arabic: نذر) or Arabic word "Hasad" is a vow or commitment to carry out an act. The failure to fulfill the commitment results in the need to take a compensating action, often of a charitable nature, such as feeding the poor. Nazr can also take the form of tribute to a superior or the payment of a fee when taking office. The concept is ancient and recurs throughout the history of the Islamic world. For instance in 1632, Mirza Zulqarnain, a Christian official in the Mughul Empire, paid nazr of five elephants to the Mughal Court.
# Geometric lathe

A geometric lathe was used for making ornamental patterns on the plates used in printing bank notes and postage stamps. It is sometimes called a guilloché lathe.

## History

It was developed early in the nineteenth century when efforts were introduced to combat forgery, and is an adaptation of an ornamental turning lathe.
The lathe was able to generate intersecting and interlacing patterns of fine lines in various shapes, which were almost impossible to forge by hand-engraving. They were used by many national mints.
# 1962 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship final

"none" is preferred when the title is already sufficiently detailed; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
The 1962 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was the 75th All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the 1962 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, an inter-county hurling tournament for the top teams in Ireland. The match was held at Croke Park, Dublin, on 2 September 1962, between Tipperary and Wexford. The Leinster champions lost to their Munster opponents on a score line of 3-10 to 2-11.
This was the first All-Ireland final to be broadcast live by Teilifís Éireann.

## Match details

| Tipperary | Wexford |
# Sukkasem na Chiengmai

Sukkasem na Chiengmai, Prince Uttarakan Koson (Thai: ศุขเกษม ณ เชียงใหม่ เจ้าอุตรการโกศล; 1880 – 20 March 1913), was a member of the royal family of Chiang Mai, and the first child of Kaeo Nawarat and Chamariwong.

## Biography

Sukkasem was the first child of Kaeo Nawarat and Chamariwong of Chiang Mai. He had two full siblings, Princess Buathip na Chiengmai and Wongtawan na Chiengmai, Prince Ratchabut. He attended St. Patrick's School in Moulmein, British Burma.
Biographer Prani Siridhara na Badalung (ปราณี ศิริธร ณ พัทลุง) wrote in his book that Sukkasem loved Ma Mya (Mamia), a young Mon lady of Burmese citizen in Moulmein, but this love was unrequited. Apart from the biography book, no further proof of this affair was found so far.
However, Chao Duangduan na Chiang Mai [th], a respected Thai journalist and a member of Chiang Mai royal family, once shared an account related to this story, which she had heard from Prince Kaew Nawarat:
   (In Thai): "ได้ข่าวจากเชียงตุงว่า…ไปเฮียนหนังสือมันก็บ่เฮียน ไปเมาสาวเหีย ถ้ามีลูกมีเต้าจะเยี๊ยะจะได เพราะว่าเขาต้องมาสืบความเป็นเจ้าหลวงต่อนะ มันบ่เฮียนหนังสือ เอามันกลับมาเหีย ก็เลยเอากลับมา มาก็มากันสองคน คนหนึ่งปลอมเป็นผู้ชายมาคือมะเมี๊ยะ มาแล้วก็บอกว่ามันอยู่กันบ่ได้เลย ก็เลยบอกว่าให้เอาอีมะเมี๊ยะไปส่งเหีย"
   (Translation): "I heard news from Kengtung that... [he] wasn't studying at all, just infatuated with a girl. If he has children, how will he manage? Because he has to succeed as the ruler. Since he wasn't studying, we decided to bring him back. So, we brought him back, and two of them came. One disguised as a man was Ma Mya. When they arrived, it was said they couldn't stay together, so it was decided to send Ma Mya away."
There have been suggestions that Prince Sukkasem and Ma Mya had to part ways because Ma Mya was under British jurisdiction, raising concerns of potential international political issues. However, scholars have researched this claim and concluded that it lacks foundation. As evidence, the marriage between Prince Inthanon of Chiang Mai and Princess Sukantha of Kengtung did not cause any political issues.
Sukkasem married Princess Buachum of Chiengmai in 1905, but they had no children. He became an alcoholic and lacked responsibility. As a result, he was appointed only as "Chao Uttarakan Kosit", a position without the right to ascend the throne, as it did not carry the status of the "Five-Tiered Umbrella Prince". Sukkasem died from chronic nerve disease on March 20, 1913, at the age of 33 (according to the modern calendar, this corresponds to 1914). His funeral took place on August 31 of the same year.
# Afiesl

Afiesl was a municipality in the district of Rohrbach in the Austrian state of Upper Austria. On January 1, 2019 Afiesl municipality was merged with Sankt Stefan am Walde to form Sankt Stefan-Afiesl municipality.
# Peppermint Twist

"Peppermint Twist" is a song written by Joey Dee and Henry Glover, recorded and released by Joey Dee and the Starliters in 1961. Capitalizing on the Twist dance craze and the nightclub in which Dee performed ("The Peppermint Lounge"), the song hit No.1 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 in early 1962. The original recording of the song was considered too long for release on a 45 rpm single, so it was split into two parts. It was this first part, "Peppermint Twist (Part 1)", with a length of 2:03, which became the No.1 hit; the mostly instrumental second half of the recording is rarely heard today.
"Peppermint Twist" replaced Chubby Checker's "The Twist", the song that sparked the Twist fad, at the No. 1 position.
"Peppermint Twist" should not be confused with "The Peppermint Twist", which is a different song written by Danny Lamego, whose group Danny Peppermint and the Jumping Jacks had a #54 Billboard hit with it in December 1961. Danny Peppermint performed at that time at The Peppermint Lounge in Manhattan, after which both songs are named, as did Joey Dee And The Starliters who went on to have the bigger hit.

## Background

The lead singer in the Starliters' version is David Brigati, whose brother, Eddie Brigati, was a singer for the 1960s pop group the (Young) Rascals. The other personnel on the record included Carlton Lattimore on organ, Billy Butler on guitar, Jerome Richardson on sax, and Don Martin on drums.

## Chart performance

Chart performance for "Peppermint Twist" :
| Chart (1962) | Peak position |
| UK Singles (The Official Charts Company) | 33 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 1 |
| US Billboard Hot R&B Sides | 8 |

## The Sweet version

The song was covered by English glam rock band the Sweet and was included on their album Sweet Fanny Adams in 1974. In Australia, the single reached No. 4 on the weekly chart and No. 26 on the 1975 year end chart.
# Frisking

Frisking (also called a patdown or pat down) is a search of a person's outer clothing wherein a person runs their hands along the outer garments of another to detect any concealed weapons or objects.

## U.S. law

In the United States, a law enforcement officer may briefly detain a person upon reasonable suspicion of involvement in a crime but short of probable cause to arrest; such a detention is known as a Terry stop. When a search for weapons is also authorized, the procedure is known as a stop and frisk. To justify the stop, a law enforcement officer must be able to point to "specific and articulable facts" that would indicate to a reasonable person that a crime has been, is being, or is about to be committed.
If the officer reasonably suspects that the suspect is in possession of a weapon that is of danger to the officer or others, the officer may conduct a frisking of the suspect's outer garments to search for weapons. The search must be limited to what is necessary to discover weapons; however, pursuant to the "plain feel" doctrine, police may seize contraband discovered in the course of a frisk, but only if the contraband's identity is immediately apparent.

### New York City program

The New York City Police Department has come under scrutiny for its use of the Terry stop. Supporters say that it reduces crime, but civil rights advocates say it is racial profiling. John A. Eterno, a former city police captain describes: "My take is that this has become more like a 'throw a wide net and see what you can find' kind of thing. I don't see it as targeted enforcement, especially when you see numbers that we are talking about." Looking at "eight odd blocks of Brownsville, Brooklyn, a study found that between January 2006 and March 2010, the police made nearly 52,000 stops." In a later review of that article about NYC's "Stop, Question, and Frisk" program, as well as the larger issue of Black people's welcome in the city, a columnist wrote "there were a record 580,000 stop-and-frisks in the city in 2009. Most of those stopped (55 percent) were Black (a large portion were also Hispanic), most were young and almost all were male. For reference, according to the Census Bureau, there were about only 300,000 Black men between the ages of 13 and 34 living in the city that year. Six percent of the stops resulted in arrests."
# The Night That Panicked America

The Night That Panicked America is an American made-for-television drama film that was originally broadcast on the ABC network on October 31, 1975. The telefilm dramatizes events surrounding Orson Welles' famous — and infamous – War of the Worlds radio broadcast (based on the 1898 novel of the same name by English author H. G. Wells) of October 30, 1938, which had led some Americans to believe that an invasion by Martians was occurring in the area near Grover's Mill in West Windsor, New Jersey.
The Welles broadcast and the reaction to it had been earlier dramatized on television as The Night America Trembled, a live presentation that aired September 9, 1957, on Studio One.

## Plot

The Night That Panicked America tells the story of the 1938 broadcast from the point of view of Welles and his associates as they create the broadcast live, as well as from the points of view of a number of different fictional American families, in a variety of locations and from a variety of social classes, who listened to the broadcast and believed the imaginary Martian invasion was actually occurring, with some people even about to commit suicide.

## Cast

* Vic Morrow as Hank Muldoon
* Cliff DeYoung as Stefan Grubowski
* Michael Constantine as Jess Wingate
* Walter McGinn as Paul Stewart
* Eileen Brennan as Ann Muldoon
* Meredith Baxter as Linda Davis
* Will Geer as Reverend Davis
* Tom Bosley as Norman Smith
* Paul Shenar as Orson Welles
* John Ritter as Walter Wingate
* Granville Van Dusen as Carl Phillips
* Burton Gilliam as Tex
* Joshua Bryant as Howard Koch

## Reception

The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction praised the film's recreation of events in the radio studio, but was unimpressed by its depiction of the resulting panic, calling it "a routine disaster movie with hackneyed characters reacting in predictable ways." Through the 1980s, some local stations in various areas of the United States made an annual tradition of rebroadcasting Night on October 30 (the anniversary of the original radio broadcast) or on October 31 (Halloween).
The movie received three Emmy Award nominations, winning for Outstanding Achievement in Film Sound Editing – For a Single Episode of a Regular or Limited Series in 1976.

## Home media

The film was released on DVD by CBS Home Entertainment on October 28, 2014.
# Garden East

Garden East (Urdu: گارڈن ایسٹ) is a neighbourhood in Karachi East district of Karachi, Pakistan. It is administered as part of Jamshed Town, which was disbanded in 2011 but later restored in early 2022.
This area surrounds the Karachi Zoological Gardens, hence it is popularly known as Gardens.
The area has a large presence of Ismaili Muslims due to their Jama'at Khana (prayer hall) being located there.
The area was predominantly residential but over the last few years, smaller commercial areas have grown to cater to the needs of the residents.
Many restaurants can be found in Big Bite area of the neighbourhood.
Cincinnatus Town was developed as a neighbourhood for Christians in the 1930s. It was later absorbed into a larger settlement and named Garden East.
# James Birnie

James Birnie (1799–1864) was an employee of the North West Company (NWC) and the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC), serving primarily within the Pacific Northwest. With the Oregon Question resolved in 1846, he became the first settler of Cathlamet.

## Early life

Birnie was born in Aberdeen, Scotland in 1799, emigrating to Lower Canada at the age of sixteen. At Montreal he joined the North West Company, and was appointed to serve as a junior clerk.

## Pacific Northwest

During his time with the NWC, Birnie was largely stationed at Fort George, the entrepôt and administrative center of the Columbia District on the shoreline of the Columbia River. After the NWC was forcibly amalgamated into the Hudson's Bay Company in 1821, Birnie considered leaving the Pacific Coast. George Simpson convinced him to remain in the employ of the HBC as a clerk, finding his knowledge of the hazardous Columbia Bar of great value to the company. Throughout the 1820s and 1830s, Bernie was a part of several HBC efforts that reorganized the supply infrastructure of the Columbia Department. Notably he oversaw the opening of Fort Colvile, an important station along the developing York Factory Express.
At various points he later managed at various times the Spokane House, the Dalles Post, Fort Okanogan and the relocation effort of Fort Simpson. He returned to Fort George from Fort Simpson in 1836. The following year he was stationed at Fort Umpqua, although in 1838 he was back at Fort George. For the remainder of his service with the HBC, he remained there, acting as a pilot through the Columbia River entrance for incoming vessels. In May 1840, Birnie piloted the Lausanne over the hazardous Columbia Bar. The vessel had incoming Methodists under Jason Lee, recruited to expand the Methodist Missionary efforts among indigenous cultures in the region. Joseph H. Frost was among them and later recorded that Birnie greeted the families with fresh milk and additional refreshments.
Birnie was present at Fort George when United States Navy Lieutenant Charles Wilkes and members of the United States Exploring Expedition arrived. The group had previously sailed from the Kingdom of Hawaii and entered the Puget Sound for surveying of the shorelines. Wilkes proceeded to take a party overland with Cowlitz guides to follow the course of the Cowlitz River until its junction with the Columbia. Wilkes and his party were met by Birnie outside Fort George, despite it being past midnight. The fur trader fed the men and gave each a blanket to sleep with while in his dwelling.

## Later life

In 1846 he and his family relocated and became the first settlers of Cathlamet, where he remained with his family until his death in 1864.

## Citations

* 1 2 3 4 Watson 2010, pp. 201–202.
* ↑ Lee & Frost 1844, p. 223.
* 1 2 Wilkes 1859, pp. 319–320.