# Gatineau (federal electoral district)

Gatineau (French pronunciation:) is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, represented in the House of Commons of Canada from since 1949. Between 1987 and 1996, it was known as "Gatineau—La Lièvre".
It consists of part of the former city of Gatineau, Quebec as defined by its pre-2002 boundaries.
The adjacent ridings are Hull—Aylmer, Pontiac, Ottawa—Orléans, and Ottawa—Vanier.

## Demographics

According to the 2021 Canadian census
Ethnic groups: 81.8% White, 6.8% Black, 4.4% Indigenous, 3.4% Arab, 1.6% Latin American
Languages: 80.1% French, 6.7% English, 2.5% Arabic, 1.6% Spanish
Religions: 67.6% Christian (55.6% Catholic, 12.0% Other), 3.3% Muslim, 28.3% None
Median income: $45,600 (2020)
Average income: $51,550 (2020)

## History

The district was created in 1947 from parts of Hull and Wright ridings. In 1987, it was renamed to Chapleau, and then to Gatineau—La Lièvre in 1988. It was renamed back to "Gatineau" in 1996.
Gatineau lost territory to Pontiac during the 2012 electoral redistribution.

### Members of Parliament

This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:
| Parliament | Years | Member | Party |
| Gatineau Riding created from Hull and Wright |||||
| 20th | 1945–1949 | Léon Raymond | Liberal |
| 21st | 1949–1953 | Joseph-Célestin Nadon | Liberal |
| 22nd | 1953–1957 | Rodolphe Leduc | Liberal |
| 23rd | 1957–1958 | Rodolphe Leduc | Liberal |
| 24th | 1958–1962 | Rodolphe Leduc | Liberal |
| 25th | 1962–1963 | Rodolphe Leduc | Liberal |
| 26th | 1963–1965 | Rodolphe Leduc | Liberal |
| 27th | 1965–1968 | Gaston Isabelle | Liberal |
| 28th | 1968–1972 | Gaston Clermont | Liberal |
| 29th | 1972–1974 | Gaston Clermont | Liberal |
| 30th | 1974–1979 | Gaston Clermont | Liberal |
| 31st | 1979–1980 | René Cousineau | Liberal |
| 32nd | 1980–1984 | René Cousineau | Liberal |
| 33rd | 1984–1988 | Claudy Mailly | Progressive Conservative |
| Gatineau—La Lièvre |||||
| 34th | 1988–1993 | Mark Assad | Liberal |
| 35th | 1993–1997 | Mark Assad | Liberal |
| Gatineau |||||
| 36th | 1997–2000 | Mark Assad | Liberal |
| 37th | 2000–2004 | Mark Assad | Liberal |
| 38th | 2004–2006 | Françoise Boivin | Liberal |
| 39th | 2006–2008 | Richard Nadeau | Bloc Québécois |
| 40th | 2008–2011 | Richard Nadeau | Bloc Québécois |
| 41st | 2011–2015 | Françoise Boivin | New Democratic |
| 42nd | 2015–2019 | Steve MacKinnon | Liberal |
| 43rd | 2019–2021 | Steve MacKinnon | Liberal |
| 44th | 2021–present | Steve MacKinnon | Liberal |
Assad represented Gatineau—La Lièvre from 1988 to 1997 which was known as Chapleau from 1987 to 1988. This district had similar borders to Gatineau.

## Politics

Like most ridings in the Outaouais, Gatineau had long been safe for the Liberals, save for a lone Progressive Conservative victory in their 1984 nationwide landslide. Even as the rest of Quebec turned its back on the Liberals, a large number of civil servants who worked in Ottawa kept it in Liberal hands.
However, in the 2006 election the Bloc Québécois won the seat. The Bloc managed to hold the seat with just over 29% of the vote in 2008, by far the lowest percentage for a winning candidate nationwide, due to a near-three-way split between themselves, the New Democratic Party and the Liberals. The riding was swept up in the massive NDP wave that swept through the province in the 2011 election.
In the 2015 election, Liberal candidate Steve MacKinnon, running a second time, defeated NDP incumbent Françoise Boivin in an upset with an almost 40-point swing.

## Election results
### 1997–present

vte2021 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
| | Liberal | Steven MacKinnon | 26,267 | 50.0 | -2.1 | $55,420.93 |
| | Bloc Québécois | Geneviève Nadeau | 12,278 | 23.4 | +2.0 | $13,121.18 |
| | Conservative | Joel Bernard | 5,752 | 11.0 | +0.7 | $3,144.49 |
| | New Democratic | Fernanda Rengel | 4,508 | 8.6 | -2.4 | $51.11 |
| | People's | Mathieu Saint-Jean | 2,264 | 4.3 | +3.3 | $4,401.73 |
| | Green | Rachid Jemmah | 783 | 1.5 | -2.6 | $0.00 |
| | Free | Luc Lavoie | 411 | 0.8 | N/A | $564.48 |
| | Rhinoceros | Sébastien Grenier | 178 | 0.3 | N/A | $0.00 |
| | Marxist–Leninist | Pierre Soublière | 56 | 0.1 | ±0.0 | $0.00 |
| Total valid votes/expense limit | Total valid votes/expense limit | Total valid votes/expense limit | 52,497 | 98.5 | – | $113,382.26 |
| Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | 818 | 1.5 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 53,315 | 63.8 |
| Registered voters | Registered voters | Registered voters | 83,618 |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Swing | Swing | -2.0 |
| Source: Elections Canada |||||||
2021 federal election redistributed results :
| Party | Vote | % |
| Liberal | 27,380 | 50.05 |
| Bloc Québécois | 12,810 | 23.42 |
| Conservative | 6,076 | 11.11 |
| New Democratic | 4,715 | 8.62 |
| People's | 2,218 | 4.05 |
| Green | 855 | 1.56 |
| Others | 646 | 1.18 |
vte2019 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
| | Liberal | Steven MacKinnon | 29,084 | 52.1 | -1.66 | $67,009.65 |
| | Bloc Québécois | Geneviève Nadeau | 11,926 | 21.4 | +11.96 | none listed |
| | New Democratic | Eric Chaurette | 6,128 | 11.0 | -15.56 | $24,553.38 |
| | Conservative | Sylvie Goneau | 5,745 | 10.3 | +2.11 | $16,427.02 |
| | Green | Guy Dostaler | 2,264 | 4.1 | +2.47 | $0.00 |
| | People's | Mario-Roberto Lam | 560 | 1.0 | | $1,439.79 |
| | Marxist–Leninist | Pierre Soublière | 76 | 0.1 | -0.06 | $0.00 |
| Total valid votes/expense limit | Total valid votes/expense limit | Total valid votes/expense limit | 55,783 | 100.0 |
| Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | 787 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 56,570 | 67.0 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 84,463 |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Swing | Swing | -6.81 |
| Source: Elections Canada |||||||
2015 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
| | Liberal | Steven MacKinnon | 31,076 | 53.76 | +39.96 | $97,491.72 |
| | New Democratic | Françoise Boivin | 15,352 | 26.56 | -35.57 | $52,920.78 |
| | Bloc Québécois | Philippe Boily | 5,455 | 9.44 | -5.49 | $37,224.72 |
| | Conservative | Luc Angers | 4,733 | 8.19 | +0.18 | $15,531.17 |
| | Green | Guy Dostaler | 942 | 1.63 | +0.49 | $639.67 |
| | Independent | Guy J. Bellavance | 148 | 0.26 | – | $1,637.23 |
| | Marxist–Leninist | Pierre Soublière | 94 | 0.16 | – | – |
| Total valid votes/Expense limit | Total valid votes/Expense limit | Total valid votes/Expense limit | 57,800 | 100.0 | | $221,893.30 |
| Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | 522 | – | – |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 58,322 | – | – |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 84,377 |
| Source: Elections Canada |||||||
2011 federal election redistributed results :
| Party | Vote | % |
| New Democratic | 31,894 | 62.13 |
| Bloc Québécois | 7,663 | 14.93 |
| Liberal | 7,082 | 13.80 |
| Conservative | 4,111 | 8.01 |
| Green | 587 | 1.14 |
2011 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
| | New Democratic | Françoise Boivin | 35,262 | 61.83 | +35.71 |
| | Bloc Québécois | Richard Nadeau | 8,619 | 15.11 | -14.04 |
| | Liberal | Steve MacKinnon | 7,975 | 13.98 | -11.34 |
| | Conservative | Jennifer Gearey | 4,532 | 7.95 | -8.86 |
| | Green | Jonathan Meijer | 639 | 1.12 | -1.45 |
| Total valid votes/Expense limit | Total valid votes/Expense limit | Total valid votes/Expense limit | 57,027 | 100.00 |
| Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | 365 | 0.64 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 57,392 | 64.10 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 89,537 |
2008 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
| | Bloc Québécois | Richard Nadeau | 15,189 | 29.15 | -10.11 | $78,498 |
| | New Democratic | Françoise Boivin | 13,612 | 26.12 | +16.11 | $87,035 |
| | Liberal | Michel Simard | 13,193 | 25.32 | -5.92 | $40,288 |
| | Conservative | Denis Tassé | 8,762 | 16.81 | +0.07 | $52,464 |
| | Green | David Inglis | 1,342 | 2.57 | -0.12 | |
| Total valid votes/Expense limit | Total valid votes/Expense limit | Total valid votes/Expense limit | 52,098 | 100.00 | $88,989 |
| | Bloc Québécois hold | Bloc Québécois hold | Swing | Swing | -13.11 |
2006 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
| | Bloc Québécois | Richard Nadeau | 21,093 | 39.25 | -1.02 | $72,093 |
| | Liberal | Françoise Boivin | 16,826 | 31.31 | -10.78 | $70,768 |
| | Conservative | Patrick Robert | 9,014 | 16.77 | +9.19 | $62,953 |
| | New Democratic | Anne Levesque | 5,354 | 9.96 | +4.24 | $5,811 |
| | Green | Gail Walker | 1,456 | 2.71 | -0.36 | $5 |
| Total valid votes/Expense limit | Total valid votes/Expense limit | Total valid votes/Expense limit | 53,743 | 100.00 | $82,260 |
| | Bloc Québécois gain | Bloc Québécois gain | Swing | Swing | |
2004 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
| | Liberal | Françoise Boivin | 19,198 | 42.09 | -9.37 | $46,494 |
| | Bloc Québécois | Richard Nadeau | 18,368 | 40.27 | 14.87 | $20,574 |
| | Conservative | Gérald Nicolas | 3,461 | 7.59 | -9.65 | |
| | New Democratic | Dominique Vaillancourt | 2,610 | 5.72 | +2.24 | |
| | Green | Brian Gibb | 1,402 | 3.07 | | $144 |
| | Marijuana | Stéphane Salko | 453 | 0.99 | – | |
| | Marxist–Leninist | Gabriel Girard-Bernier | 125 | 0.27 | 0.00 | |
| Total valid votes/Expense limit | Total valid votes/Expense limit | Total valid votes/Expense limit | 45,617 | 100.00 | $80,437 |
Note: Conservative vote is compared to the total of the Canadian Alliance vote and Progressive Conservative vote in the 2000 election.
2000 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Mark Assad | 26,054 | 51.45 | +5.04 |
| | Bloc Québécois | Richard Nadeau | 12,857 | 25.39 | +4.49 |
| | Alliance | Stéphany Crowley | 5,084 | 10.04 | |
| | Progressive Conservative | Michael F. Vasseur | 3,645 | 7.20 | -21.77 |
| | New Democratic | Carl Hétu | 1,765 | 3.49 | +1.68 |
| | Natural Law | Jean-Claude Pommet | 472 | 0.93 | +0.11 |
| | Independent | Ronald Bélanger | 392 | 0.77 | |
| | Independent | Samantha Demers | 228 | 0.45 | |
| | Marxist–Leninist | Françoise Roy | 139 | 0.27 | 0.00 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 50,636 | 100.00 |
1997 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal | Mark Assad | 25,298 | 46.42 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Richard Côté | 15,786 | 28.97 |
| | Bloc Québécois | Christian Picard | 11,391 | 20.90 |
| | New Democratic | Michelle Bonner | 982 | 1.80 |
| | Natural Law | Jean-Claude Pommet | 448 | 0.82 |
| | Christian Heritage | Claude Grant | 445 | 0.82 |
| | Marxist–Leninist | Françoise Roy | 150 | 0.28 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 54,500 | 100.00 |

### Gatineau—La Lièvre (1988-1993)

1993 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
| Liberal | Mark Assad | 39,274 |
| Bloc Québécois | Jules Fournier | 25,006 |
| Progressive Conservative | Jérôme P. Falardeau | 4,464 |
| New Democratic | Elizabeth Holden | 1,096 |
| Natural Law | Danièle Bélair | 736 |
| Marxist–Leninist | Nicole Leblanc | 200 |
1988 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
| Liberal | Mark Assad | 23,507 |
| Progressive Conservative | Claudy Mailly | 21,385 |
| New Democratic | Marius Tremblay | 8,394 |
| Rhinoceros | Daniel Le Lièvre Villeneuve | 660 |
| No affiliation | Nicole Leblanc | 364 |

### 1949–1988

1984 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Progressive Conservative | Claudy Mailly | 25,873 | 50.91 | +43.96 |
| | Liberal | René Cousineau | 17,496 | 34.43 | -44.17 |
| | New Democratic | Sylvie Rossignol | 6,543 | 12.87 | +2.25 |
| | Parti nationaliste | Jean Scuvée | 766 | 1.51 | |
| | Commonwealth of Canada | Jean-Guy Méthot | 142 | 0.28 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 50,820 | 100.00 |
1980 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | René Cousineau | 35,437 | 78.60 | +6.71 |
| | New Democratic | Renée Pierre Brisson | 4,792 | 10.63 | +3.72 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Jean-Pierre Plouffe | 3,134 | 6.95 | +0.29 |
| | Social Credit | Marcelle Cormier | 975 | 2.16 | -10.87 |
| | Rhinoceros | François R. Penzes | 640 | 1.42 | |
| | Marxist–Leninist | Christine Dandenault | 108 | 0.24 | +0.01 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 45,086 | 100.00 |
vte1979 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal | René Cousineau | 34,234 | 71.89 |
| | Social Credit | Gérard Croteau | 6,206 | 13.03 |
| | New Democratic | André Beaudry | 3,292 | 6.91 |
| | Progressive Conservative | René Bergeron | 3,174 | 6.66 |
| | Union populaire | André Côté | 608 | 1.28 |
| | Marxist–Leninist | Christine Dandenault | 108 | 0.23 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 47,622 | 100.00 |
| Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | 340 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 47,962 | 74.80 |
| Electors on the lists | Electors on the lists | Electors on the lists | 64,124 | |
| Source: Report of the Chief Electoral Officer, Thirty-first General Election, 1979. |||||||
1974 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Gaston Clermont | 19,513 | 60.15 | +9.81 |
| | Social Credit | Marcel Clément | 7,205 | 22.21 | -7.78 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Robert Moreau | 3,944 | 12.16 | -1.03 |
| | New Democratic | Lise Ménard | 1,781 | 5.49 | -0.99 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 32,443 | 100.00 |
1972 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Gaston Clermont | 15,894 | 50.34 | -3.19 |
| | Social Credit | Jean-Paul Descoeurs | 9,469 | 29.99 | +16.15 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Guy Lafortune | 4,163 | 13.19 | -15.10 |
| | New Democratic | Mychèle St-Louis | 2,047 | 6.48 | +2.14 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 31,573 | 100.00 |
Note: Social Credit vote is compared to Ralliement créditiste vote in the 1968 election.
1968 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Gaston Clermont | 14,348 | 53.53 | +0.12 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Lévis Larocque | 7,581 | 28.28 | +8.08 |
| | Ralliement créditiste | Antoine Bédard | 3,711 | 13.85 | -3.25 |
| | New Democratic | Emile Mongeon | 1,163 | 4.34 | -1.96 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 26,803 | 100.00 |
1965 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Gaston Isabelle | 13,088 | 53.41 | +6.77 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Jules Barrière | 4,952 | 20.21 | -3.38 |
| | Ralliement créditiste | Conrad Beaudoin | 4,189 | 17.09 | -8.24 |
| | New Democratic | Beverley Morin | 1,543 | 6.30 | +1.86 |
| | Independent Liberal | Roger Danis | 734 | 3.00 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 24,506 | 100.00 |
Note: Ralliement créditiste vote is compared to Social Credit vote in the 1963 election.
1963 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Rodolphe Leduc | 11,589 | 46.64 | +4.42 |
| | Social Credit | Conrad Beaudoin | 6,295 | 25.34 | +4.82 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Thomas Van Dusen | 5,861 | 23.59 | -9.67 |
| | New Democratic | Roy Laberge | 1,10 | 4.44 | +0.42 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 24,847 | 100.00 |
1962 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Rodolphe Leduc | 10,135 | 42.22 | -10.09 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Thomas Van Dusen | 7,983 | 33.25 | -10.20 |
| | Social Credit | Henri Meunier | 4,925 | 20.52 | +16.28 |
| | New Democratic | Charles J. De Breyne | 963 | 4.01 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 24,006 | 100.00 |
1958 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Rodolphe Leduc | 10,840 | 52.31 | -6.48 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Réjean Patry | 9,004 | 43.45 | +13.31 |
| | Social Credit | Léo Joannisse | 878 | 4.24 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 20,722 | 100.00 |
1957 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Rodolphe Leduc | 10,770 | 58.79 | -2.87 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Adrien Cloutier | 5,522 | 30.14 | +5.60 |
| | Independent Liberal | J. Robert Proulx | 2,028 | 11.07 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 18,320 | 100.00 |
Canadian federal by-election, 22 March 1954 :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Nadon's death, 17 December 1953 |||||||
| | Liberal | Rodolphe Leduc | 6,568 | 61.66 | -4.13 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Ernest-Anastase St-Jean | 2,614 | 24.54 | -5.62 |
| | Independent | Marcel-Bernard Bonnier | 796 | 7.47 | |
| | Co-operative Commonwealth | Roger Boucher | 674 | 6.33 | +2.28 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 10,652 | 100.00 |
1953 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Joseph-Célestin Nadon | 10,759 | 65.79 | +7.21 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Ernest-Anastase St-Jean | 4,932 | 30.16 | +1.02 |
| | Co-operative Commonwealth | Janet H.H. Morgan | 662 | 4.05 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 16,353 | 100.00 |
Canadian federal by-election, 24 October 1949 :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Raymond appointed House of Commons Clerk, 5 August 1949 |||||||
| | Liberal | Joseph-Célestin Nadon | 5,438 | 58.58 | -7.14 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Ernest-Anastase St-Jean | 2,705 | 29.14 | -0.49 |
| | Independent | Marcel-Bernard Bonnier | 1,140 | 12.28 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 9,283 | 100.00 |
1949 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal | Léon-Joseph Raymond | 9,865 | 65.72 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Ernest-Anastase St-Jean | 4,448 | 29.63 |
| | Union des électeurs | Joseph-Eugène Rochon | 697 | 4.64 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 15,010 | 100.00 |