OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sakugawa Kanga

Kanga Sakugawa (佐久川 寛賀, Sakugawa Kanga, 1786 - 1867), also Sakugawa Satunushi and Tode Sakugawa, was a Ryūkyūan martial arts master and major contributor to the development of Te, the precursor to modern Karate.

## Karate-do

Kanga "Tode" Sakugawa trained under his father Kangi Sakugawa. Kangi Sakugawa began his training as a student of a Ryūkyūan monk, Peichin Takahara. After six years of training, Takahara suggested that Kangi Sakugawa train under Kusanku, a Chinese master in Ch'uan Fa. Kangi Sakugawa spent six years training with Kusanku, and began to teach his son Kanga. Kanga became such an expert that people gave him the nickname Tōde ("Chinese Hand"). Kanga Sakugawa then spread what he learned to Ryūkyū in the 1810s. Kanga Sakugawa's most famous student, Matsumura Sōkon, went on to develop the Shuri-te which later develop into a number of karate styles including Shotokan, Shito-ryu, and Shōrin-ryū.

## Meeting with Kusanku

Oral tradition describes Sakugawa as a mischievous youth, some stories say that he was walking near a river one day when he saw an older Chinese gentleman gazing upon the water. As a prank, he went to push the man into the river and instead was grabbed by that man in an iron grip. The man turned out to be the Chinese martial artist Kusanku. Kusanku chastised the youth but then a student of Kusanku introduced him to Tode Sakugawa, then Kusanku offered to instruct him further in Chinese martial arts. Sakugawa consulted with his instructor at the time, Takahara, who encouraged him to learn from the Chinese master.

## Influences on modern Karate

Kanga Sakugawa's most famous student, Matsumura Sōkon, went on to develop Shuri-te which later develop into a number of karate styles including Shotokan, Shito-ryu, and Shōrin-ryū.
Kanga Sakugawa might have also taught another Bujin by the name Tachimura, he like Matsumura worked for the king. Bushi Tachimura went on to teach Kishimoto Soko who taught Higa Seitoku who founded the Bugeikan in Okinawa. Bushi Tachimura passed on his version of Naihanchi, Passai and Kusanku to Kishimoto. Bushi Tachimura's shuri te remains preserved at the Bugeikan and contains many techniques that are not found in modern systems. Bushi Tachimura's most famous story was of his "island incident". While he was on a mission to inspect a village's worth, he was attacked by 20 of the village males. Eye witnesses recalled Tachimura fighting them off and that occasionally his leg would sweep up and scuff his attackers head, the attacker would run away clutching his head in an attempt to cover up a flap of hair and scalp. This story has been passed down orally via Higa Seitoku and featured in Mark Bishops book "Okinawan Karate: Teachers, Styles and Secret Techniques"
# David F. Wilber

David Forrest Wilber (December 7, 1859 –August 14, 1928) was a United States Representative and consul from New York.

## Biography

Wilber was born in Milford, New York, the son of David Wilber, who also served in Congress. He attended public schools before graduating from Cazenovia Seminary in 1879. He then engaged in the hops business at Milford in 1879 and at Oneonta, New York, in 1880, and was also involved in real estate, agriculture, and stockbreeding. He twice represented Oneonta on the Otsego County Board of Supervisors and was vice president and director of the Wilber National Bank of Oneonta from 1883 to 1896. He also served as member of the board of trustees of his alma mater, the Cazenovia Seminary.
He married Deforest, a native of Schoharie County, New York, and they had one daughter.
Wilber was elected as a Republican to the Fifty-fourth and Fifty-fifth Congresses (March 4, 1895 - March 3, 1899). He was not a candidate for renomination in 1898. After his two terms in Congress, he began a career as a consul. He served as United States consul to Barbados from 1903 to 1905 and then as consul general to Singapore (1905–1907), Halifax (1907–1909), Kobe (1909–1910), Vancouver (1910–1913), Zürich (1913–1915), Genoa (1915–1921), and finally Auckland and Wellington (1922–1923).
Wilber retired in June 1923 and returned to Oneonta to care for his business interests. He was a member of the New York Republican State Committee from 1924 to 1927. He died at his summer camp in Upper Dam, Maine, and was buried at Glenwood Cemetery in Oneonta.
Wilber was a presidential elector in the 1924 presidential election.
# Apolinar de Jesús Soto Quesada

Apolinar de Jesús Soto Quesada (July 23, 1827 – July 13, 1911) was a Costa Rican politician and soldier. He was born on 23 July 1827 in Alajuela, Costa Rica, to Bernardo Soto Herrera and Josefa Quesada González. He married Joaquina Alfaro Muñoz on 23 April 1849 in Alajuela, with whom he had ten children: Bernardo Soto Alfaro, President of the Republic from 1885 to 1890, and José María Soto Alfaro, presidential candidate in 1919.
He had three more children from a relationship with Mercedes Fernández Bonilla, daughter of Juan Mora Fernández's cousin: María Josefina Fernández Bonilla, Clemente Fernández Bonilla, and María Adelaida Fernández Bonilla.
He followed a career in the army and rose to the rank of General in the Costa Rican army. A supporter of President Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez, he was a member of the Consejo de Estado (Council of State) from 1880 to 1882. Subsequently, during the terms of his son Bernardo Soto Alfaro, on whom he exercised enormous influence, he held positions of great importance. He was Second Designate to the Presidency from 1885 to 1886, First Designate to the Presidency from 1886 to 1890, and Secretary of War and Navy from 1886 to 1887 and from 1888 to 1889.
In his native city he was called Tepezcuintle. He died in Alajuela, Costa Rica, on 13 June 1911.
# Randolph Strickland

Randolph Strickland (February 4, 1823 – May 5, 1880) was a politician from the U.S. state of Michigan.
Strickland was born in Dansville, New York and attended the common schools. He moved to Michigan in 1844 and taught school in Ingham County. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1849 and commenced practice in DeWitt, Michigan. He moved to St. John's and continued the practice of law. He was elected prosecuting attorney for Clinton County in 1852, 1854, 1856, 1858, and 1862.
Strickland served as a member of the Michigan Senate from the 22nd district in 1861 and 1862 and provost marshal of the sixth congressional district from 1863 to 1865. He was a delegate to the Republican National Conventions in 1856 and 1868.
In 1868, Strickland was elected as a Republican from Michigan's 6th congressional district to the 41st Congress, serving from March 4, 1869 to March 3, 1871. He was an unsuccessful candidate for re-nomination in 1870.
Strickland was the father of Martha Strickland Clark, who graduated from the law school of the University of Michigan in 1883 and was the first woman to argue a case before the Michigan Supreme Court.
Randolph Strickland resumed the practice of law and died at the age of 57 in Battle Creek, Michigan. He is interred in DeWitt Cemetery of DeWitt.
# William W. Crapo

William Wallace Crapo (May 16, 1830 – February 28, 1926) was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts. He was elected to fill the vacancy caused by the death of James Buffinton. He served slightly more than three terms in congress from November 2, 1875 to March 3, 1883
Born in Dartmouth, Massachusetts, died in New Bedford, Massachusetts. Crapo is interred in the Rural Cemetery. He was a prominent attorney in New Bedford. Among his clients was Hetty Green.
William Wallace Crapo was a brother of the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity in his undergraduate years at Yale University. He graduated in 1852 and was a member of Skull and Bones.$^{:3}$ On April 15, 1851, Crapo visited Brown University, on which date he is credited with initiating 17 members of the provisional chapter there, re-activating the ten-years-dormant Brunonian Chapter.
In 1903, Crapo (pronounced cray-poe) was a founding member and first president of the Old Dartmouth Historical Society, governing body of the New Bedford Whaling Museum.

## Personal life

Crapo was the son of Governor of Michigan Henry H. Crapo (1804–1869), who also served as the mayor of Flint, Michigan and in the Michigan State Senate. His mother, Mary Ann (Slocum) Crapo (1805–1875), was a descendant of William Hutchinson (Rhode Island judge) and his wife Anne Hutchinson, daughter of Francis Marbury. His second cousin, three times removed is Mike Crapo, who served as a United States representative from Idaho 1993-1999 and has served as a United States senator from Idaho since 1999. His nephew was William C. Durant, co-founder of General Motors.
Crapo married Sarah Ann Davis Tappan (October 6, 1831 in Newburyport, MA-December 13, 1893 in New Bedford, MA) on January 20, 1857 in New Bedford. They had four children:
* Henry Howland Crapo II (January 5, 1862 in New Bedford, MA-November 26, 1951 in Leesburg, FL)
* George Tappan Crapo (March 16, 1864 in New Bedford, MA-September 12, 1865 in New Bedford, MA)
* Stanford Tappan Crapo (June 13, 1865 in New Bedford, MA-January 26, 1939 in Tryon, NC); married Emma Caroline Morley (January 6, 1872 in Fort Scott, KS-November 27, 1937 in Detroit, MI) on October 10, 1894 in Painesville, OH
** William Wallace Crapo II (1895–1991)
** Catherine Tappan Crapo (1897–1977); married Capt. John Morgan Bullard, US Army (1890–1965)
*** Dr. John Crapo Bullard (1921–2002); married Katherine G. Kilburn (1922–2005)
**** John Kilburn Bullard (1947-; served as Mayor of New Bedford, Massachusetts from 1986 to 1992
*** Sarah Bullard (1924–1942)
** Mary Morley Crapo (1912–2003); married 1st Donald Frizell Hyde (1909–1966); married 2nd David Eccles, 1st Viscount Eccles
*** Anne Howland Hyde (1941–1941)
* Anna Almy Crapo (November 20, 1866 in New Bedford, MA-April 27, 1867 in New Bedford, MA)
# John L

"John L" is a song by English rock band Black Midi, released in 2021 as the lead single from their second studio album, Cavalcade. The song describes the story of a powerful leader, the titular John L, who is eventually betrayed and killed by his followers. It was released on March 23, with the B-side Despair and a music video directed by Nina McNeely. A 12-inch release for the single was made available for pre-order on the same day and released on April 9. The song is one of few on Cavalcade to have writing credits for guitarist Matt Kwasniewski-Kelvin, written before his departure from the band but recorded after.

## Composition and recording

"John L" is an avant-garde progressive rock song described by Guitar World as "[featuring] dissonant piano chimes, weaving hypnotic vocals, a cacophony of string sounds, and an edge-of-the-seat dynamic range, spanning from complete silence to raucous, high-energy midsections." Mixdown Magazine similarly described the song as "featuring explosive drumming and anxious staccato strings." Violinist Jerskin Fendrix was brought on for the song, whose contributions Joyzine compared to Mahavishnu Orchestra.
Unlike the rest of the songs on Cavalcade, which were recorded with John "Spud" Murphy in Dublin, "John L" was recorded with Marta Salogni in London. Salogni would later go on to produce the band's third album, Hellfire. The song features the sound of a helicopter unintentionally captured by studio microphones as it flew overhead. The helicopter pilot is humorously credited among the rest of the band.

## Critical reception

"John L" was awarded Best New Track by Pitchfork. In the website's review for the song, Sam Sodomsky wrote "the triumph of 'John L' is not that these well-trained musicians continue to confound expectations: It's that they have become so adept at their brand of dissonant, skronking, avant-prog that it actually sounds sort of anthemic." In a review for Joyzine, Andrew Wood described the song as 'as good as anything they’ve so far released' but was disappointed by the vocals, saying "there’s no attempt at singing here, just a story recited, but in a strange American style [accent.]" Jeff Terich of Treblezine felt "it has an exhilarating feeling that all control is bound to be lost, which might well be the band’s greatest talent—reining in chaos just enough to feel like the chaos might ultimately win, but never quite gets there."

## Personnel

* Geordie Greep – vocals, Reverend Descent, Fret King Elise, acoustic piano, Minimoog Voyager
* Cameron Picton – Rickenbacker 4003
* Morgan Simpson – Ludwig Pro Beat Vistalite Kit
* Kaidi Akinnibi – tenor saxophone, soprano saxophone
* Jerskin Fendrix - violin
* Helicopter pilot - helicopter
# Khreshchatyk (Kyiv Metro)

Khreshchatyk (Ukrainian: Хрещатик, pronunciation) is a station on the Sviatoshynsko-Brovarska Line of the Kyiv Metro. The station is named for the Khreshchatyk street, the most central street in Kyiv. The station was opened in 1960 along with the first stage of the Metro. It The station is pylon trivault (architects Yu.Tyahno and I.Maslenkov) that features ceramic Ukrainian ornaments framed by metallic grills on the central hall sides of the pylons. White marble is used elsewhere, particularly for the walls and the main pylon frames. The ceiling is covered in white plaster and lighting comes from hidden lamps in the niches of the central vault and a central row of lamps.
In 1976, the station became the first transfer point in the system to the newly opened Obolonsko–Teremkivska Line's (then named Kurenivsko-Chervonoarmiyska Line) Maidan Nezalezhnosti (then called Ploshcha Kalinina but soon renamed to Ploshcha Zhovtnevoi Revolyutsii). The stations are connected side to side with staircases and an escalator. The original corridor, however, proved to be too short and unable to cope with rising passenger traffics and in 1986 a second, longer corridor connected the opposite sides of the stations allowing traffic to be diverted. In the future, the longer corridor is planned to be fitted with travelator, speeding up the passenger flow in the longer corridor.
The station has two vestibules, the first one is built into a restaurant building (now occupied by a shop) on Khreshchatyk Street. The second one was opened in 1963 (replacing a large coat of arms of the Ukrainian SSR) and is located on the corner of Instituska and Horodetska streets.
Behind the station is a set of reversal sidings that continue as a single track service branch into the Obolonsko–Teremkivska Line and the Syretsko-Pecherska Line. This is the main artery that is used for interline transit between depots and lines. As well as for nighttime stands.
* Entrance on the Khreshchatyk street
* Entrance on the corner of Instituska and Horodetska streets
# Palats Sportu (Kyiv Metro)

Palats Sportu (Ukrainian: Палац Спорту pronunciation, lit. 'Palace of Sports') is a station on the Syretsko-Pecherska Line of the Kyiv Metro. Opened on 31 December 1989 as part of the first stage of the line, it formed third and (so far) last transfer point of the system.
The station is named after Kyiv's central Sports Palace, and as a result, its architectural layout (work of architects A.Krushinsky and N.Aleshkin) follows carefully on the theme. Unlike other pylon-trivault stations, Palats Sportu features a non-circular shape of the central hall's ceiling. Made of white plastic panels, this contrasts with the darker color gamma of the rest of the station, and also blends carefully with the lighting elements that are suspended from the apex, just like in a large sport complex.
As mentioned earlier, the remaining of the station is made of darker tones, that include dark brown metal planes for the pylon sides facing the halls and green marble for the internal pylon walls. The platform halls' color gamma is opposite to the central one, which consists of dark plastic planes that cover the ceiling, with one line of fluorescent lighting element running the length of the hall. Also unlike the central hall, the white marbled walls, instead of being horizontal, are curved, and continue the vault all the way to the track level. The floor is covered with neutral brown marble.
Other unique features of the station include the sound isolation of one hall to another, making it impossible to hear an incoming train even from the central hall, this was done specifically as the station formed Kyiv's third transfer point with Ploscha Lva Tolstoho of the Obolonsko–Teremkivska Line, in an attempt not to disorientate the passengers.
The station's vestibule is located on the Sportyvna square, next to the complex itself. During mass celebrations and major sporting events (e.g. the 2005 edition of the Eurovision Song Contest and an international ice hockey tournament in 2017, which took place inside the palace), the station's exits and entrances to the surface are closed, and it functions solely as a transfer point to avoid large crowds.
* Central hall
* Platform hall
* Transfer hall
* Station name in Ukrainian
# Dorohozhychi (Kyiv Metro)

Dorohozhychi (Ukrainian: Дорогожичі, pronunciation) is a Kyiv Metro station on the Syretsko-Pecherska Line. Opened on 30 March 2000, the station represents the second extension of the Syretsky radius to the northwest. It is located nearby the territory of Babyn Yar.
The station, designed by architects V. Gnevyshev, N.Aloshkin and T.Tselikovska presents itself as a deep-level pylon trivault. In the design, the shape of the vaults is made dominant, by continuing their curvature all the way to the floor level. This makes the overall appearance of the station lacking pylons, but instead there are even, geometric openings which offer passageways to the adjacent platform vaults. The portals of the openings are punctuated with indents that run along their edges. The station contains a rich combination of decorative materials. Green marble is used for the sides of the passageways, and the lower part of the pylons. White marble is used for the station walls and indents along the portal edges. The ceilings are made from aluminium planes that run perpendicular to the platform length. Lighting comes from a single (platform halls) or double (central) rows of continuous fluorescent elements that are neatly covered by plastic. Floor is riveted with red granite on the platforms and grey granite in the centre of the central hall. In the back end of the station, is a decorative image of a church in a Ukrainian Baroque style. Dorohozhychi is one of the last stations to be built in what is known as the rich post-Soviet decoration. This was done deliberately to mark the transition of the Kyiv Metro into the 21st century, as the large use of marble, wooden benches and the large empty space were all considered to be archaic for contemporary station design. All subsequent stations turned to more aesthetic high-tech themes.
The station has one underground vestibule which is located in the middle of the Syrets district on the intersection of the Ilyenko and Teliha streets. During daytime, two glazed domes, provide daylight inside. There are additional escalators between the vestibule and the street level. During the construction of the extension from Lukianivska a provision for another station, Vulytsia Hertsena was left for further completion.
# Crotalus lepidus maculosus

Crotalus lepidus maculosus, the Durangan rock rattlesnake, is a Mexican subspecies of the rock rattlesnake, a venomous species of pit viper.

## Description

The Durangan rock rattlesnake can be distinguished from its sister subspecies as it displays an average of 29-31 small oval spots on its sides which the other subspecies lack, with the ground colour between the spots being heavily pigmented. It also has a difference in numbers of specific scales, as well as being smaller than its adjacent subspecies.
# Hiram G. Andrews

Hiram Gilbert Andrews (September 12, 1876 – March 30, 1968) was a Speaker of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.

## Early life

Hiram Gilbert Andrews was born on September 12, 1876, in Troy Grove, Illinois.

## Career

Andrews worked as a reporter for 41 years. He worked for the Philadelphia North American newspaper. He covered the Pennsylvania Capitol Grift Scandal and the 1906 Pennsylvania State Capitol dedication. He was editorial director of Johnstown Democrat from 1928 to 1941.
In 1932, Andrews was elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives as a member of the Independent Citizens Party. By 1934, he was a Democrat. He served as a member of the house from 1933 to 1936, from 1939 to 1940 and from 1945 to 1962. He was chair of the Legislative Committee to Study the Public School System from 1935 to 1936. He was minority leader of the house from 1945 to 1954 and in 1958. From 1955 to 1956 and from 1959 to 1962, he served as house speaker. He served on the General State Authority from 1949 to 1950. He also served on the State Highway and Bridge Authority Commission from 1949 to 1950 and on the Commission on Interstate Cooperation from 1949 to 1956. He retired in November 1962, at the age of 86, following an unsuccessful bid for reelection. At the time, he retired as the oldest member in the House's history. He was an early supporter for Democratic presidential nominee John F. Kennedy. He was a legislative consultant for the Republican caucus for the Pennsylvania House from 1962 to 1963.
After his retirement from politics, he still attended the House sessions in the Capitol and wrote an editorial column for a Johnstown weekly paper.

## Personal life

Andrews was a bachelor. He went by the nickname "Hi".
Andrews died on March 30, 1968, at Lee Hospital in Johnstown. He was interred at Grandview Cemetery in Johnstown.

## Legacy

After his death, the Johnstown Rehabilitation Center in Johnstown was named after him. The college Hiram G. Andrews Center in Johnstown is named after him.
# Nyvky (Kyiv Metro)

Nyvky (Ukrainian: Нивки, pronunciation) is a station on Kyiv Metro's Sviatoshynsko-Brovarska Line. The station was opened on 5 November 1971, and is named after Kyiv's Nyvky neighbourhood. It was designed by Boris Pryimak, I.L. Maslenkov, V.C. Bohdanovskyi, and T.A. Tselikovska.
The station is shallow underground, along with the Beresteiska and the Sviatoshyn stations, which are the first stations of the Kyiv Metro system that are not lain deep underground. The station consists of a central hall with rows of circular columns near the platforms. The columns are covered with glazed blue-coloured tiles. On the tiled walls along the tracks is a strip of plant motifs. The entrance to the station is located on the corner of the Peremohy Prospekt (Victory Avenue) and the Scherbakova Street.
# Arroio do Sal

Arroio do Sal is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It is about 30 km south of Torres and 30 km north of Capão da Canoa, thus in about the northern half of the state's shoreline. It is 175 km from Porto Alegre, with which it is connected via BR 101 and BR 290.
Though the population is only about 10,000, during the summer tourism season the number of people increases to about 90,000. It includes 27 km of the Atlantic coast and has about 60 beaches.