OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Julius Francis, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg

Julius Francis (16 September 1641 – 30 September 1689) was duke of Saxe-Lauenburg between 1666 and 1689. He was a son of Duke Julius Henry and his third wife Anna Magdalena of Lobkowicz (1606–1668), daughter of Baron William the Younger Popel of Lobkowicz. He was officially known as Julius Franz von Sachsen, Engern und Westfalen.

## Life

His father Julius Henry had acquired sprawling estates around and a castle in Ploschkowitz (Ploskovice) and Schlackenwerth (Ostrov), Kingdom of Bohemia. Julius Francis had inherited more estates from his Bohemian mother, which is why the dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg had been adopted into the Bohemian nobility, however, not as imperially immediate aristocrats, as in their homeland.
Having no sons Julius Francis provided for the legal grounds of female succession in Saxe-Lauenburg. With his death, the Lauenburg line of the House of Ascania was extinct in the male line. So Julius Francis' two daughters Anna Maria Franziska and Sibylle fought for the succession of the former, the elder sister. Also, Julius Francis' cousin, Eleonore Charlotte of Saxe-Lauenburg-Franzhagen, claimed the succession.
Their weakness was abused by George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, who invaded Saxe-Lauenburg with his troops, thus inhibiting the ascension of the legal heiress.
Also other monarchies claimed the succession, resulting in a conflict involving further the neighboring duchies of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and of Danish Holstein, as well as the five Ascanian-ruled Principalities of Anhalt, the Electorate of Saxony, which had succeeded the Dukes of Saxe-Wittenberg in 1422, Sweden and Brandenburg.
Militarily engaged were Celle and Danish Holstein, which agreed on 9 October 1693 (Hamburger Vergleich), that Celle - anyway de facto holding most of Saxe-Lauenburg - would retain the duchy in personal union. In 1728 Charles VI finally legitimized the de facto takeover. Anna Maria Franziska and Sibylle, never waiving their claim, were dispossessed in Saxe-Lauenburg and the former exiled in Ploschkowitz.

## Marriage and issue

On 9 April 1668 Julius Francis married in Sulzbach Hedwig of the Palatinate (1650 – 1681), daughter of Christian Augustus, Count Palatine of Sulzbach. They had three daughters:
* Maria Anna Theresia (1670–1671)
* Anna Maria Franziska (Neuhaus upon Elbe, 13 June 1672 – 15 October 1741, Reichstadt);
       married firstly on 29 October 1690 in Raudnitz upon Elbe to Philip William August, Count Palatine of Neuburg (1668–1693), son of Philip William, Elector Palatine;
       married secondly on 2 July 1697 in Düsseldorf to Gian Gastone de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1671–1737)
* Franziska Sibylle Augusta (Ratzeburg, 21 January 1675 – 10 July 1733, Ettlingen), married 27 March 1690 in Raudnitz Louis William, Margrave of Baden-Baden.
# Rod Wilt

Rod Wilt (born June 11, 1964) is a former Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.

## Biography

Wilt is a 1982 graduate of Greenville High School. He graduated from Thiel College in 1986, where he was an NCAA Division III Wrestling All-American and an Academic All-American. He was inducted into the Thiel College Athletic Hall of Fame in October 1996. Wilt worked as director of real estate acquisitions for the Hudson Real Estate Group in Hermitage, Pennsylvania and as product manager in sales and marketing for Winner International Corporation in Sharon, Pennsylvania. He has also worked as assistant vice president at First National Bank of Pennsylvania and as vice president of the Mortgage Service Corporation of Hermitage, Pennsylvania.
Wilt was first elected to represent the 17th legislative district in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1996. With his victory, Rod became the third generation of State Representatives in the Wilt Family: his grandfather Ray Wilt represented the 29th legislative district in Allegheny County from 1951 to 1969 and his father Roy Wilt represented the 8th legislative district in Mercer County from 1968 to 1980 and the 50th senatorial district in the Pennsylvania Senate from 1981 to 1990.
Wilt withdrew his name from the ballot in June 2006, a month after winning the 2006 Republican primary election. Wilt explained that he had filed his nomination petitions with "mixed emotions" and "was never fully comfortable with [his] decision" to seek re-election. The Republican party picked Mercer County Commissioner Michele Brooks to take his place on the November ballot.
In June, 2015, Wilt succeeded the late former state Senator William Stewart as state director of the Keystone Energy Forum. The forum seeks to educate opinion leaders, elected officials and the public on the benefits of increasing U.S. domestic energy production; its goal is to insulate the U.S. from the vagaries and pitfalls of the world energy markets by make the country energy self-sufficient through sound national and state energy policies.
# Jean-Louis de Cartier de Marchienne

Baron Jean-Louis de Cartier de Marchienne (born 1962) is a Belgian businessman and farmer. He is a member of the board and managing director of Carta Mundi, the world leader in the production of playing cards.

## Early life

He is the son of Baron Louis de Cartier de Marchienne (1921–2013) and the former Viviane Emsens. His father was adopted by their distant relative, Ambassador Emile de Cartier de Marchienne in 1946, changing their surname from de Cartier into de Cartier de Marchienne. In 1968, his father was made a hereditary baron.
His paternal grandparents were Josa (née Versteylen) de Cartier and Col. Raoul de Cartier. His uncle, Raoul de Cartier, a member of the Belgian Resistance during World War II, was captured by the Germans and executed in 1944. Another uncle, Baron Paul-Ernest de Cartier, joined the Belgian army after the Liberation. During the War, his father was sent to the concentration camp Sachsenhausen, but escaped and joined the Red Army, returning to Belgium after the war. His father was managing director of the Eternit in the 1960s. Through his mother, he is a descendant of Belgian industrialist Alphonse Emsens, who founded Etex in 1905.

## Career

Between 1984 and 1991, he was involved in the establishment of several agricultural companies in Belgium with branches in Hungary and the Netherlands. In 1992, he became a member of the board of directors of publishing house Brepols in Turnhout, where his father was also a board member. In 1995, he became chairman of the board of directors of Brepols and its subsidiaries. In 1998, he became Managing Director and chairman of Cartamundi, a card game producer also based in Turnhout and of which the de Cartier family is a shareholder. He is chairman of the Belgian publishing house Brepols and joined the board of Dutch industrial minerals company, Sibelco, in 2020.
# Joseph Azzopardi

Joseph Azzopardi (born 8 April 1955 in Senglea) is Commissioner for Standards in Public Life in Malta. He was also Chief Justice of Malta from 2018 till 2020.

## Biography

Graduating as Notary Public from the University of Malta in 1978 and as Doctor of Laws in 1979, Azzopardi was the first president of the Federation of Maltese Youth Organizations in 1980.
Since 1980 Azzopardi practiced as a private lawyer for 23 years, specialising mainly in Civil Law and Matrimonial Law, and consulting for among others Lohombus Corporation and the Malta Public Transport Authority. He was appointed director of the then Mid Med Bank from 1981 to 1987, and was a member of the Housing Authority Board from 1997 to 2003. He also served as a Commissioner of Justice from 1997 to 2003 and was Chairman of various disciplinary Boards including those at Maltacom and the Malta Freeport Corporation. Azzopardi served as a member of the Committee of the Chamber of Advocates from 1996 to 2000 and was then elected its President until 2003. As such, he was ex officio member of the Commission for the Administration of Justice of Malta.
On 23 May 2003, Azzopardi was appointed by Prime Minister Eddie Fenech Adami (PN) as Judge of the Superior Courts. He presided the Family Section of the Civil Courts. In April 2018, at 63, Azzopardi was appointed by Prime Minister Joseph Muscat (PL) as Chief Justice of Malta. He was considered an uncontroversial choice. He retired at 65 on 8 April 2020.
Azzopardi has also served as examiner in Civil Law in the Faculty of Laws of the University of Malta. He also once unsuccessfully contested a single general election as a Labour candidate.
In October 2019, he used the occasion of the annual speech to lash out against journalists for asking compromising questions, saying that "it is easy to attack members of the judiciary because you know they can’t answer you".
On 8 March 2023 Azzopardi was appointed Commissioner for Standards in Public Life, succeeding Dr George Marius Hyzler in this role.
He is married and has a daughter.
# Joseph Lashinger

Joseph A. Lashinger, Jr. (born August 7, 1953) is a former Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.
# Christopher Wogan

Christopher R. Wogan (born February 15, 1950) is a former Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.

## Biography

Wogan is a 1968 graduate of Cardinal Dougherty High School. He earned a degree in political science from La Salle University (then La Salle College) in 1972 and a law degree from the Temple University Beasley School of Law in 1975. He has served as a member of the U.S. Army Reserve and worked as staff counsel for SEPTA in the 1970s.
He was first elected to represent the 176th legislative district in 1980, a position he held until 2001, when he was elected judge of the Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas. As a Republican, he was endorsed by both parties and the AFL-CIO Philadelphia Council and AFSCME District Council 33.
# Mike Waugh

Michael L. Waugh (December 17, 1955 – October 8, 2014) was an American politician who served a Republican member of the Pennsylvania State Senate for the 28th District from 1998 until 2014. Prior to this, Waugh was a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1993 through 1998.
Waugh resigned from the State Senate on January 13, 2014, following a cancer diagnosis. He accepted an appointment by Governor Corbett as executive director of the Pennsylvania Farm Show Complex & Expo Center, but died due to the disease on October 8, 2014.
# George T. Kenney

George T. Kenney Jr. (born October 29, 1957) is a former Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. He represented the 170th District from 1985 to 2008.

## Formative years

Born in the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on October 29, 1957, Kenney graduated from LaSalle High School and then earned a Bachelor of Science degree from LaSalle College in 1982. He was subsequently employed in pharmaceutical sales with McNeil Pharmaceutical.

## Family

Kenney and his wife Elizabeth live in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and have 5 children.

## Political career

Treasurer and leader of the 58th Ward Republican Executive Committee, Kenney was elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1984, and then reelected to eleven additional consecutive terms. Appointed to the Pennsylvania Commission on Crime and Delinquency (1997-2002), he did not stand for reelection to the House in 2008, but was elected that year as an alternate delegate to the 2008 Republican National Convention.
He was succeeded in the House by Democrat Brendan F. Boyle.

## Later professional life

Kenney has served as the assistant vice president for government affairs, Health Sciences at Temple University.
# Thomas W. Blackwell

Thomas W. Blackwell IV (August 29, 1958 – August 22, 2017) was a Democratic member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing the 190th District from 2005 to 2008. He lived in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and was a father of three, one daughter and two sons. Blackwell was commissioner, of the Philadelphia Regional Port Authority; worked for the International Longshoremen's Association as a longshoreman, business agent and eventual president of Local 1332. He lost the 2008 primary election and was succeeded by fellow Democrat Vanessa Brown. He was the son of Lucien E. Blackwell and Gloria L. Blackwell. He was also the step-son of Jannie Blackwell. He died on August 22, 2017, at age 58.
# Odhikar

Odhikar (Bengali: অধিকার) is a Bangladesh-based human rights organization, that was founded in October 1994. It is a member of the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH). It has been publishing an annual activity report since 2003. Odhikar's work has been cited by Human Rights Watch in their 2011 World Report on Bangladesh. The goal for establishing Odhikar was to develop human rights alertness and observing violations in Bangladesh.

## Important works
### Publication of border death count

Odhikar published annual list of deaths along the Bangladesh–India border, raising anger from the pro-India government.

## 2013 Shapla Square protests

On 10 June 2013, Odhikar published a fact finding report on the 2013 Operation at Motijheel Shapla Chattar claiming 61 deaths, but refused to provide any names of the victims report, citing security concerns for the families of the victims. Later on 19 August, 2024, they published the name of the deceased on their verified Facebook page.

## 2018 revocation of observer status

On November 11, 2018, the pro-government newspaper Janakantha published an article written by Bibhash Baroi, which Odhikar called slanderous. International Federation for Human Rights condemned the article saying:
   The Observatory condemns in the strongest terms the politically-motivated attacks and accusations against Odhikar, which manifestly aim at discrediting its reputation and hindering its peaceful and legitimate human rights activities.
In November 2018, the Election Commission in Bangladesh annulled Odhikar to be an observer on elections.

## 2022 deregistration

In 2014, Odhikar applied to renew its registration as a non-governmental organisation. After delaying processing the application for years, on 5 June 2022 the NGO Affairs Bureau of the Bangladeshi government officially denied the application, stating that Odhikar's publications had "seriously tarnished the image of [Bangladesh] to the world".

## 2023 arrest of leadership

In September 2023, Odhikar's secretary, Adilur Rahman Khan, and director, ASM Nasiruddin Elan, were arrested and sentenced to two years in prison, as well as a fine, by the Cyber Tribunal of Dhaka. Human Rights Watch has called the charges "retaliation" for Odhikar's documentation of human rights violations in Bangladesh. The arrest was done in relation to reporting higher number of fatalities in a 2013 police operation of 61, higher than government figure of 13.
# Donald F. Steiner

Donald Frederick Steiner (July 15, 1930 – November 11, 2014) was an American biochemist and a professor at the University of Chicago.

## Birth and education

Donald F. Steiner was born in 1930 in Lima, Ohio. He completed his B.S. in Chemistry and Zoology from the University of Cincinnati in 1952. He completed his M.S. in biochemistry and his M.D. from the University of Chicago in 1956. He then completed his medical and research training – with an internship at King County Hospital and residency/post-doctoral research at the University of Washington – before returning to the University of Chicago as a faculty member in 1960.

## Career

Steiner was promoted to full professor in 1968, and became chair of the department of biochemistry in 1973. From 1985 to 2006, Steiner was a senior investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
In 1972, Steiner was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. The following year, he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences.
He died in Chicago on November 11, 2014.

## Research

Donald F. Steiner is known for his work in diabetes research, protein processing, and hormone biology. In 1967, he published his discovery of proinsulin, precursor to the active hormone insulin. He and his colleagues discovered some of the enzymes that convert proinsulin into insulin, and also devised methods for measuring insulin and its precursors in human serum.

## Awards

* In 1970 he received the Ernst Oppenheimer Award for the Endocrine Society
* In 1971 he received the Canada Gairdner International Award
* In 1976 he received the Banting Medal for Scientific Achievement from the American Diabetes Association
* In 1984/5, he was awarded the Wolf Prize in Medicine for "his discoveries concerning the bio-synthesis and processing of insulin which have had profound implications for basic biology and clinical medicine".
* In 1993, he received an honorary doctorate from the faculty of medicine at Uppsala University, Sweden
* In 2004, he was elected to the American Philosophical Society
* In 2014, he received the University of Chicago Alumni Medal
# Rostov–Novocherkassk Operation

The Rostov-Novocherkassk Operation (January 6–10, 1920) was an offensive operation on the Don River of the Southern and the South-Eastern Frontof the Red Army against the White Guard troops during the Russian Civil War.

## The operation

In December 1919, the Red Army had conducted the successful Donbas operation (1919) in which the Donets River had been crossed and the Donbas conquered. On the night of January 6 to 7, 1920, Red troops captured Taganrog on the Sea of Azov, effectively splitting the White Army into two.
On January 7, troops of the 9th Red Army also captured Novocherkassk, the capital of the Don Cossacks.
This forced Konstantin Mamontov's 4th Don Cavalry Corps, in defiance of Denikin's order, to retreat behind the Don. On the night of January 8-9, troops of the 8th and 1st Cavalry armies began street fighting in Rostov-on-Don, and on January 10 completely captured it.
The Rostov–Novocherkassk Operation was followed by the North Caucasus and Odessa operations.
On January 16, the Supreme War Council of the Entente decided to lift the economic blockade against the RSFSR.
# AVA Productions

AVA Productions is an Indian film production company based in Chennai. The company was established in 2007 by A. V. Anoop, who is presently the Managing Director of the AVA Group. The company predominantly produces Malayalam films.

## Films

| Year | Title | Notes |
| 2007 | Pranayakalam | Feature Film |
| 2007 | Before The Brush Dropped | Kerala State Film Award for Best Documentary |
| 2008 | De Ingottu Nokkiye | Feature Film |
| 2008 | Appuvin Nayagan | 56th National Film Awards for the Best Film on Family Values |
| 2009 | Paleri Manikyam: Oru Pathirakolapathakathinte Katha | Kerala State Film Award for Best Film |
| 2010 | Yugapurushan | Screened at 15th International Film Festival of Kerala |
| 2010 | Kadaksham | Feature Film |
| 2011 | Christian Brothers | Feature Film |
| 2011 | Chaaya | Screened at the 42nd IFFI Goa |
| 2012 | Aarohanam | Special Jury Award during Vijay TV Annual Film Award |
| 2013 | Aaru Sundarimaarude Katha | Feature Film |
| 2013 | Agnaye | NACT Short Film Award 2012–2014 for Best Documentary. |
| 2014 | Mr. Fraud | Feature Film |
| 2014 | Enna Satham Intha Neram | Feature Film |
| 2014 | Nerungi Vaa Muthamidathe | Feature Film |
| 2016 | School Bus | Feature Film |
| 2016 | Guppy | Feature Film |
| 2016 | Oru Muthassi Gadha | Feature Film, Screened at the Prague International Film Festival 2016 |
| 2017 | Ezra | Feature Film |
| 2017 | Godha | Feature Film |
| 2017 | Where The Trees Sing | Documentary |
| 2017 | Vishwaguru | Feature Film, Karmarakthna Puraskar from South Indian Movie Awards |
| 2019 | Ishq (2019 film) | Feature Film |
| 2019 | Ambili | Feature Film |
| 2019 | Olu | Feature Film, National film Award for best Cinematography |
| 2019 | Vishrutham | Short Film |
| 2019 | Appuvinte Sathyanweshanam | Feature Film, Kerala State Film Award for Best Child Artist |
| 2020 | Anveshanam | Feature Film |
| 2020 | Randaam Naal | Feature Film |
| 2022 | Political Correctness | Short Film |
| 2022 | Pada | Feature Film |
| 2022 | Yaanam | Documentary, Portrays India's dream project Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan). It is the 1st science documentary in Sanskrit language in the history of world cinema. |
| 2022 | The Green Man | Documentary |
| 2023 | Achan Oru Vaazha Vachu | Feature Film |
| 2024 | Sookshmadarshini | Feature Film |
# Delhi–Barmer Link Express

The 14661 / 14662 Shalimar Malani Express is an Express train belonging to Northern Railway zone that runs between Jammu Tawi and Barmer in India. It is currently being operated with 14661/14662 train numbers on a daily basis.

## Service

The 14661/Shalimar Malani Express has an average speed of 51 km/h and covers 1467 km in 28 hrs 55 mins. The 14662/Shalimar Malani Express has an average speed of 50 km/h and covers 1467 km in 29 hrs 05 mins.

## Route and halts

The important halts of the train are:
* Jammu Tawi
* Pathankot Cantonment
* Jalandhar Cantonment
* Ludhiana Junction
* Sirhind
* Ambala Cantonment
* Saharanpur
* Muzaffarnagar
* Meerut City Junction
* Ghaziabad Junction
* Old Delhi Junction
* Delhi Sarai Rohilla
* Delhi Cantonment
* Gurgaon
* Rewari Junction
* Alwar Junction
* Dausa
* Gandhinagar Jaipur
* Jaipur Junction
* Phulera Junction
* Merta Road Junction
* Jodhpur Junction
* Luni Junction
* Samdari Junction
* Balotra
* Barmer

## Coach composition

The train has standard ICF rakes with max speed of 110 kmph. The train consists of 18 coaches:
* 1 First AC and Second AC
* 1 AC II Tier
* 1 AC III Tier
* 8 Sleeper coaches
* 5 General
* 2 Seating cum Luggage Rake

## Traction

Both trains are hauled by an Bhagat Ki Kothi Loco Shed-based WAP-7 electric locomotive from Jammu Tawi to Jodhpur. From Jodhpur it is hauled by a Bhagat Ki Kothi Loco Shed-based WDP-4/WDP-4D diesel locomotive uptill Barmer and vice versa.

## Rake sharing

The train shares its rake with;
* 14646/14645 Shalimar Express
* 14659/14660 Malani Express
# German Quiles

Germán Quiles (born May 9, 1939) is a former Democratic member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.

## Life

Germán Quiles was elected Representative from Philadelphia County; born in Añasco, Puerto Rico, May 9, 1939; attended, Luis Munoz Rivera School; credit manager; constable (1966); elected, delegate, Pennsylvania Constitutional Convention (1967-1968); elected as a Democrat to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for the 1969 term; not a candidate for reelection to the House for the 1971 term; employed, Pennsylvania Court of Common Pleas, Philadelphia County; co-owner, Aruba Auto Tag Service and Aruba Check Cashing, Inc.
# Francis Worley

Francis Worley (December 23, 1913 – May 8, 2003) was a Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.
# Donald Dorr

Donald W. Dorr (born 1939) is a former Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.
# Harold Stahl

Harold John Stahl, Jr. (born November 16, 1944) is a former Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.
# Santa Claus (sculpture)

Santa Claus, popularly known as the Buttplug Gnome, is a 2001 statue by artist Paul McCarthy in the Eendrachtsplein square of Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Originally made for the International Sculpture Collection with the intended location being outside the De Doelen concert hall, it has been located in various places – including the courtyard of the Boijmans Museum – but moved due to protests from local businesses. Officially the work represents Santa Claus holding a Christmas tree in his hands but the artist has implied that it could also represent a buttplug, and that "...For me, the sculpture is also about the consumer community - as a commentary on material consumption in the Western world." A red version was unveiled in May 2018 in Oslo, Norway. The unveiling was done by a man pulling off the cover, suspended by an overhead crane with hooks through his skin.