OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Holland Cooper Handicap Chase

The Holland Cooper Handicap Chase is a Premier Handicap National Hunt race in Great Britain. It is a handicap steeplechase and is run at Cheltenham Racecourse in November, over a distance of about 3 miles and 3½ furlongs (3 miles 3 furlongs and 71 yards, or 5,496 metres).

## History

From 1987 to 1998 the race was known as the Flowers Original Handicap Chase. The 1999 running was known as the Hoegaarden Handicap Chase. From 2000 to 2002 it was sponsored by Intervet and known as the Intervet Trophy. The 2003 race was run under the name of the Open Trophy. The race was sponsored by Servo from 2004 to 2009, Morson Group in 2010 and Rewards4Racing in 2011. In 2012 it was renamed the Henrietta Knight Handicap Chase in honour of Henrietta Knight, a recently retired trainer whose training successes included winning three Cheltenham Gold Cups with Best Mate. From 2013 to 2015 the race was sponsored by the Murphy Group.

## Records since 1987

Most successful horse:
* Stormez – (2002, 2004)
Leading jockey (4 wins):
* Tony McCoy – Evangelica (1996), Hanakham (1999), Innox (2005), Galaxy Rock (2011)
Leading trainer (4 wins):
* Martin Pipe – Evangelica (1996), Hanakham (1999), Stormez (2002, 2004)
* Widest winning margin – Joe Lively (2008) – 14 lengths
* Narrowest winning margin – Hati Roy (2001), My Will (2006), Galant Nuit (2009) – ½ length
* Most runners – 16, in 2005
* Fewest runners – 4, in 1992 and 1996
# Gordon C. Ferguson

Gordon C. Ferguson (December 3, 1895 – February 16, 1953) was an American insurance agent and politician from New York.

## Life

Ferguson was born on December 3, 1895, in Utica, New York, the son of Roscoe C. Ferguson and Bessie E. Cook.
After attending public school, Ferguson worked with his father in the restaurant business. In September 1917, during World War I, he joined the Army in Camp Dix, New Jersey, and was attached to Company D. of the 310th Infantry, 78th Division. He served 13 months overseas, participating in three major engagements and being wounded at St. Mihiel. After he was discharged in June 1919, he resumed working with his father.
In 1924, Ferguson was elected to the New York State Assembly as a Republican, representing the Oneida County 1st District. He served in the Assembly in 1925, 1926, and 1928.
Ferguson later became district manager of the Equitable Life Insurance Co., a position he held for 20 years. He then spent 12 years working as general agent for the Security Mutual Life Insurance Co. of Binghamton.
Ferguson was an active member of the American Legion, and was an organizer and commander of his local chapter. He was a member of the Elks, the Freemasons, and the Veterans of Foreign Wars. He was a member of the Tabernacle Baptist Church. In 1920, he married Florence L. Dempster. They had one daughter, Mrs. Howard Van Slyke.
Ferguson died at home on February 16, 1953. He was buried in Crown Hill Memorial Gardens.
# David L. Smith (politician)

David L. Smith (February 4, 1827 – 1902) was an American politician from Pennsylvania. He served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing Allegheny County in 1855 and 1868.

## Early life

David L. Smith was born on February 4, 1827 (or 1826), in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, to Eleanora (née Shrom) and Daniel Smith. His father served in the War of 1812 and was a blacksmith and farmer. Smith grew up in Cumberland and Allegheny counties.

## Career

Smith worked as a farmer. He was a Know Nothing and served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing Allegheny County in 1855. He was appointed chief clerk of the commissioner's office in Allegheny County and resigned the role in 1861.
In 1861, Smith enlisted with Company A of the 2nd Virginia Infantry Regiment and was elected first lieutenant. In February 1862, he was appointed assistant commissary of volunteers and was promoted to chief commissary of the XII Corps on September 7, 1862. He served in that role until March 16, 1863. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel and aide-de-camp. He worked on the staff of General George Meade under the V Corps until the end of the war. He was honorably discharged on March 16, 1866.
After the war, Smith moved back to Allegheny County. He was elected as a Republican to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing Allegheny County in 1868. In 1870, he was elected alderman of Allegheny. He served in that role until 1871. Smith served in the city council of Allegheny and was a member of the school board of Allegheny for 12 years. He moved to a farm in Pomeroy of Sadsbury Township, Chester County.

## Personal life

Smith married Elizabeth Gordon, daughter of Robert Gordon, of Pittsburgh on September 7, 1852. They had one son and two daughters, Frank C., Eleanora and Mary E. His wife died in 1877. He married Helen M. (née Wallace) Armstrong, daughter of Arthur Wallace of Highland Township and widow of Charles C. Armstrong, on March 7, 1880.
Smith died in 1902 in Chester County. He was buried in Upper Octorara Church Cemetery in Parkesburg.
# Acat (deity)

Acat was a deity in Maya mythology associated with the process of tattooing. The Maya placed great importance on the tattooing process, believing that tattoos in the image of a god would imbue a person with some of that god's power. Because of the importance and difficulty of this art form it was only natural that there was a god responsible for it. Acat was said to bless the ink, needles, and work spaces, and steady the hands of the artists for better results.
Acat was first mentioned by J. Eric S. Thompson, in his book "Tattooing and Scarification among the Maya." (Carnegie Institution of Washington Division of Historical Research, June 18th, 1946.) Thompson also added that Acat is a Nahuatl day name meaning "reed", while the pronunciation "Ah Cat" would be "He of the Storage Jar." Most likely because hollow reeds were thought to be used in the tattooing process.
In addition, Thompson writes (in relation to the designation of the deity's name) "Acat is translated as 'inkstand' in the Pio Perez dictionary; as a doctor's instrument case or a scribe's pen case in the Motul dictionary.” Loosely, Acat as a deity is also associated with the development of the fetus in the womb.
# List of automobile manufacturers of Canada

This is a list of notable automobile manufacturers with articles on Wikipedia by country. It is a subset of the list of automobile manufacturers for manufacturers based in Canada. It includes companies that are in business as well as defunct manufacturers.

## Manufacturers

* Campagna (1988)
* Canadian Electric Vehicles (1996)
* Conquest (2008)
* Edison Motors (2021)
* Fiat Chrysler Canada (1925)
* Ford Canada (1904)
* General Motors Canada (1918)
** CAMI (1986)
* GreenPower (2007)
* Girardin Minibus (1935)
* Honda Canada (1969)
* HTT Automobile (2007)
* Lion Bus (2011)
* Magnum Cars (1968)
* New Flyer (1930)
* Nova Bus (1993)
* Prevost (1924)
* Roshel (2016)
* TAV (-)
* Timmis (1968)
* Toyota Canada (1964)
* Vicinity Motor Corp. (2008)
* ZENN Motor Company (2006–2010) | (Originally founded as Feel Good Cars in 2001)
# Scleronomous

A mechanical system is scleronomous if the equations of constraints do not contain the time as an explicit variable and the equation of constraints can be described by generalized coordinates. Such constraints are called scleronomic constraints. The opposite of scleronomous is rheonomous.

## Application

In 3-D space, a particle with mass $m\,\!$, velocity $\mathbf {v}$ has kinetic energy $T$ $T={\frac {1}{2}}mv^{2}.$
Velocity is the derivative of position $r$ with respect to time $t\,\!$. Use chain rule for several variables: $\mathbf {v} ={\frac {d\mathbf {r} }{dt}}=\sum _{i}\ {\frac {\partial \mathbf {r} }{\partial q_{i}}}{\dot {q}}_{i}+{\frac {\partial \mathbf {r} }{\partial t}}.$ where $q_{i}$ are generalized coordinates.
Therefore, $T={\frac {1}{2}}m\left(\sum _{i}\ {\frac {\partial \mathbf {r} }{\partial q_{i}}}{\dot {q}}_{i}+{\frac {\partial \mathbf {r} }{\partial t}}\right)^{2}.$
Rearranging the terms carefully,
${\begin{aligned}T&=T_{0}+T_{1}+T_{2}:\\[1ex]T_{0}&={\frac {1}{2}}m\left({\frac {\partial \mathbf {r} }{\partial t}}\right)^{2},\\T_{1}&=\sum _{i}\ m{\frac {\partial \mathbf {r} }{\partial t}}\cdot {\frac {\partial \mathbf {r} }{\partial q_{i}}}{\dot {q}}_{i}\,\!,\\T_{2}&=\sum _{i,j}\ {\frac {1}{2}}m{\frac {\partial \mathbf {r} }{\partial q_{i}}}\cdot {\frac {\partial \mathbf {r} }{\partial q_{j}}}{\dot {q}}_{i}{\dot {q}}_{j},\end{aligned}}$
where $T_{0}\,\!$, $T_{1}\,\!$, $T_{2}$ are respectively homogeneous functions of degree 0, 1, and 2 in generalized velocities. If this system is scleronomous, then the position does not depend explicitly with time:
${\frac {\partial \mathbf {r} }{\partial t}}=0.$ Therefore, only term $T_{2}$ does not vanish: $T=T_{2}.$ Kinetic energy is a homogeneous function of degree 2 in generalized velocities.

## Example: pendulum

As shown at right, a simple pendulum is a system composed of a weight and a string. The string is attached at the top end to a pivot and at the bottom end to a weight. Being inextensible, the string’s length is a constant. Therefore, this system is scleronomous; it obeys scleronomic constraint ${\sqrt {x^{2}+y^{2}}}-L=0,$ where $(x,y)$ is the position of the weight and $L$ is length of the string.
Take a more complicated example. Refer to the next figure at right, Assume the top end of the string is attached to a pivot point undergoing a simple harmonic motion $x_{t}=x_{0}\cos \omega t,$
where $x_{0}$ is amplitude, $\omega$ is angular frequency, and $t$ is time.
Although the top end of the string is not fixed, the length of this inextensible string is still a constant. The distance between the top end and the weight must stay the same. Therefore, this system is rheonomous as it obeys constraint explicitly dependent on time ${\sqrt {(x-x_{0}\cos \omega t)^{2}+y^{2}}}-L=0.$
# Citibank (Hong Kong)

Citibank (Hong Kong) Limited (Chinese: 花旗銀行; Cantonese Yale: Fākèih Ngàhnhòhng; formerly 萬國寶通銀行; Maahngwok Bóutūng Ngàhnhòhng) is the division of Citigroup that operates in Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and New Territories. It has 15 branches for operating retail banking. Citibank (Hong Kong)'s address of the principal place of business is Citi Tower, One Bay East, No. 83 Hoi Bun Road, Kwun Tong, Kowloon. However, Citibank, N.A. Hong Kong branch office is located on the 50th floor of Champion Tower, 3 Garden Road, Central, Hong Kong which doesn't operate retail banking.

## History

Citibank began operations in Hong Kong in 1902, the first US bank in the city and the first foreign bank in China.

### Leadership history

* Regional Chief Executive: Peter Babej (since October 2019)
* Country Chief Executive: Aveline San (since August 2022)

#### Former Regional Chief Executives

The region-wide Chief Executive role was founded in 2008 and is based in Hong Kong.
* Ajay Banga (2008–2009)
* Shirish Apte and Stephen Bird (2009–2012)
* Stephen Bird (2012–2015)
* Francisco Aristeguieta (2015–2019)

#### Former Hong Kong and Macau Chief Executive Officers

List since the formation of the Hong Kong division in 1998.
* Chan Tze-ching (1999–2003)
* Catherine Weir (2003–2004)
* Chan Tze-ching (2005–2007); second term
* Sim S Lim (2007–2008)
* Shengman Zhang (2008–2013)
* Weber Lo (2013–2018)
* Angel Ng (2018–2022)
# George F. Rogers

George Frederick Rogers (March 19, 1887 – November 20, 1948) was an American businessman and politician from New York, serving one term in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1945 to 1947.

## Life

Rogers was born on March 19, 1887, in Harwood, Ontario. He immigrated to the United States in 1899. He was educated in Canada and in Rochester, New York. Rogers became a merchant in Rochester. He served for three years as president of the Monroe County Retail Food Merchants' Association

### Political career

He was a member of the Board of Supervisors of Monroe County from 1934 to 1935. He was a member of the New York State Senate (46th D.) in 1937 and 1938.

#### Congress

He was elected as a Democrat to the 79th United States Congress, holding office from January 3, 1945, to January 3, 1947. He unsuccessfully ran for re-election in 1946 against Kenneth B. Keating and was defeated again by Keating in 1948.

### Death and burial

Rogers died on November 20, 1948, in Cobourg, Ontario. He was buried at Riverside Cemetery in Rochester.

## Sources

* United States Congress. "George F. Rogers (id: R000394)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
# Fateh (name)

Fateh (Arabic: فَتْح) is an Arabic name and surname that means "open, begin, start, commence". Its other version is Fatah.
In Turkish, Fatih is an originally Arabic name for boys that means “conqueror”, “initiator”, “originator”. It is the title of Sultan Mehmed II, the Ottoman ruler who conquered Constantinople and ended the Eastern Roman Empire.
Notable people with the name include:

## Given name

* Fateh Daud, Ismaili Shi'a ruler of Multan
* Fateh Naseeb Khan (1890–1933), Commander-in-chief of Alwar State Forces
* Ustad Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan (1948-1997), Pakistani musician, often regarded as one of the greatest voices recorded
* Fateh Kamel (born 1961), Algerian-Canadian, terrorism supporter for plotting attacks against French targets
* Fateh Shah, king of Garhwal, a small kingdom in North India, from 1684 to 1716
* Fateh Singh (1699-1704/05, 4th & youngest son of Guru Gobind Singh, Sikh martyr
* Rahat Fateh Ali Khan (born 1974), Pakistani singer
* Fateh Doe (born 1989), Indo-Canadian rapper, singer and songwriter
* Fateh Khan Barakzai (1777-1818), 19th century Afghan Vizier and Barakzai tribal leader

## Surname

* Abul Fateh, Bangladeshi diplomat
# Antonakis Andreou

Antonakis Andreou (Greek: Αντωνάκης Ανδρεου) often called Antonis Andreou, is a Cypriot sport shooter. He has represented Cyprus in the 1996 Summer Olympics ranking 9th and the 2000 Summer Olympics ranking 8th. He represented Cyprus at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, finishing in 22nd.
He won a gold medal for Cyprus at the 1994 Commonwealth Games in Skeet pairs.
He was the flag bearer for Cyprus at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.
In 2011 he equaled the world record and claimed the gold medal at the ISSF Shotgun World Cup in Beijing, China.

## Records

World records held in Skeet from 2005 to 2012 :
| Men | Qualification | 125 | Vincent Hancock (USA) Tore Brovold (NOR) Mykola Milchev (UKR) Jan Sychra (CZE) Tore Brovold (NOR) Jan Sychra (CZE) Antonakis Andreou (CYP) Juan José Aramburu (ESP) Nasser Al-Attiyah (QAT) Anthony Terras (FRA) Efthimios Mitas (GRE) | 14 June 2007 13 July 2008 9 May 2009 20 May 2009 25 July 2009 7 March 2011 22 April 2011 13 September 2011 17 January 2012 26 March 2012 26 March 2012 | Lonato (ITA) Nicosia (CYP) Cairo (EGY) Munich (GER) Osijek (CRO) Concepción (CHI) Beijing (CHN) Belgrade (SER) Doha (QAT) Tucson (USA) Tucson (USA) |
# Joseph G. West

Joseph G. West (May 1834 – February 10, 1917) was an American politician from Pennsylvania. He served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing Chester County from 1891 to 1894.

## Early life

Joseph G. West was born on May 2 or 22, 1834, in East Pikeland Township, Pennsylvania, to David West. He grew up on his father's farm. At 17, he attended Strodie's Seminary near Lenape for one year. He then attended Oakdale Seminary Pughtown for two years.
After his studies, West taught at a public school in Jonestown, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania. He then studied medicine with Dr. Morris Tussell of Chester Springs. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1860.

## Career

In September 1860, he started practicing medicine in Kemblesville. In 1887, he left his medical practice and drug business to his son F. B. West. He was postmaster of Kemblesville from 1862 to 1872 and from 1875 to 1885.
West was a Republican. He served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing Chester County from 1891 to 1894. He was school director of his township for fifteen years.

## Personal life

In 1887, he moved to his farm in Kemblesville.
West died on February 10, 1917, at his home in Kemblesville. He was interred in Union Hill Cemetery in Kennett Square.
# Alain Chrétien

Alain Chrétien (French pronunciation:; born 17 March 1975) is a French politician. He is most well known for being the mayor of Vesoul.

## Early life and education

Alain Chrétien was born in Vesoul, Haute-Saône, but he grew up in Jussey, a town located 35 kilometers northwest of Vesoul. He attended public schools in this area where he earned his Baccalauréat in Economics and Social sciences (Bac B). In 1995, Chrétien entered the University of Franche-Comté where he obtained a master's degree in Economic and Social Administration with honors. In 1996, he graduated from a specialized management program at Sciences Po Lyon.
Chrétien served in the French Army as part of the 152nd Infantry Regiment.

## Political career

He began his political career as a parliamentary assistant to Alain Joyandet. His first elected position was as a municipal councillor of Vesoul. He was later elected general councillor of the Canton of Vesoul-1, a position he held until 2012.
He has been the mayor of Vesoul since 17 March 2012.

### Positions held

* 1998 - 1999: Project manager of the land use plan for Vesoul neighborhoods.
* 15 June 2004 - 15 May 2013: President of Pays de Vesoul and the Saône Valley.
* 22 September 2002 - 1 July 2012: General Councillor of the Canton of Vesoul-1.
* 2008 - 2012: Deputy mayor of Vesoul.
* Since 2001: Member of the council of Vesoul.
* Since 14 June 2004: President of the Communauté d'agglomération de Vesoul.
* Since 17 March 2012: Mayor of Vesoul.
* 17 June 2012 - 2017: National Assembly member for Haute-Saône's 1st constituency.

## Political positions

In 2019, Chrétien publicly declared his support for incumbent President Emmanuel Macron.
# Sierning

Sierning is a municipality in the district of Steyr-Land in the Austrian state of Upper Austria.

## Geography

Sierning is located between the city of Steyr and the health resort Bad Hall on the Steyr river.
# George A. Goodling

George Atlee Goodling (September 26, 1896 – October 17, 1982) was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.

## Biography

George Atlee Goodling was born in Loganville, Pennsylvania. During the First World War he served as a seaman, second class in the United States Navy from March 1918 to December 1918. He received a B.S. from the Pennsylvania State University in 1921.
After graduation he was the operator of a fruit farm near Loganville, the director of a bank, motor club, and insurance company. Goodling served on the local school board. He served in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1943 to 1957.
He was elected to Congress as a Republican in 1960, defeating incumbent Democratic Congressman James M. Quigley and served two terms. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1964 but was elected in 1966 for the first of four more terms ending in 1975 when he was succeeded by his son William F. Goodling.
# International Medical Group (Uganda)

International Medical Group (IMG) is a conglomerate of health-related businesses, headquartered in Kampala, Uganda.

## History

IMG was founded by Ian Clarke, a physician and businessman born and educated in Northern Ireland but residing in Uganda since 1988. The first company in the group, International Hospital Kampala was established in 1996.

## Subsidiaries

The member companies of IMG include:
* International Hospital Kampala (IHK)
* International Health Sciences University (IHSU)
* IAA Healthcare – medical insurance
* International Medical Foundation (IMF) – the group's charitable foundation
* International Medical Centres (IMC) – network of private clinics
* International Diagnostic Centre (IDC) – a referral centre

## Ownership

The majority of the stock of IMG is owned by Ian Clarke, the founder of the group. Other minority shareholders include a group based in Mauritius and another minority shareholder group based in the Netherlands.
# Neofitos Aresti

Neofitos Aresti (born 7 March 1958) is a Cypriot judoka. He competed in the men's lightweight event at the 1980 Summer Olympics.
# Cloud Eight Films

Cloud Eight Films (originally known as Cloud Eight) is a British production company founded on 19 December 2008 by Christian Colson, based in London, England. It is known for film such as 127 Hours, Selma and Steve Jobs and currently owns a sister production company named Selma Films.

## History

The company was founded on 19 December 2008 in London, England by Christian Colson, who originally was managing director at Celador. It was founded as Colson Films, but renamed on 28 March 2009 to Cloud Nine Films, alongside setting up a first-look deal with Pathé within the same month and then to Cloud Eight Films on 19 November. In February 2011, however, producer Ivana MacKinnon left the company to produce Cheerleaders 3D, to be directed by Tom Harper. In May, author Monica Ali was reported to have sold the film rights of Untold Story to the company.
On 7 October 2013 English filmmaker Danny Boyle was announced to be making a film based on documentary Smash and Grab: The Story of the Pink Panthers with Cloud Eight Films to produce. On 11 October, FX ordered a 10-part miniseries titled Telemark, through Boyle's Decibel Films and Cloud Eight Films. In October 2014, FX granted both Colson and Boyle a first look deal, in which films would still be produced through Decibel Films and Cloud Eight Films, following their collaboration on Telemark. In July 2015, Cloud Eight's Steve Jobs was announced as the Centerpiece for the New York Film Festival at the Film Society of Lincoln Center.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Director | Distributor |
| 2010 | 127 Hours | Danny Boyle | Fox Searchlight Pictures Pathé Warner Bros. |
| 2013 | Trance | Danny Boyle | Fox Searchlight Pictures |
| 2014 | Selma | Ava DuVernay | Paramount Pictures |
| 2015 | Steve Jobs | Danny Boyle | Universal Studios |
| 2017 | T2 Trainspotting | Danny Boyle | TriStar Pictures |
| 2017 | Battle of the Sexes | Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris | Fox Searchlight Pictures |
# Nasa Q'ara (Wawanaki)

Nasa Q'ara (Aymara nasa nose, q'ara bare, bald, also spelled Nazacara) is a 5,064-metre-high (16,614 ft) mountain in the Cordillera Real in the Andes of Bolivia. It is situated in the La Paz Department, Los Andes Province, Pucarani Municipality, southwest of the lake Allqa Quta. Nasa Q'ara lies southwest of the main peak of the Kunturiri massif and Wawanaki and southeast of Ch'iyar K'ark'a.