OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Yuri II of Vladimir

Yuri II (Russian: Ю́рий–II, also transcribed as Iuri), also known as George II of Vladimir or as Georgy II Vsevolodovich (26 November 1188 – 4 March 1238), was the fourth Grand Prince of Vladimir (1212–1216, 1218–1238) who presided over the Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal at the time of the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'.
He was the seventh child and the third and best-loved son of Vsevolod III (Vsevolod the Big Nest) and of Maria Shvarnovna.
He first distinguished himself in the battles against Ryazan in 1208. His father wanted Yuri to inherit Rostov and his elder brother Konstantin to succeed him in Vladimir. The latter, however, declared that he would rule both towns or nothing at all. Thereupon Vsevolod disinherited Konstantin and passed the throne to Yuri, who received the largest portion of his possessions.
Before his death, grand prince Vsevolod divided his territories between his sons; as soon as he died in 1212, the Vladimir-Suzdal war of succession (1212–1216) broke out between them. Konstantin allied himself with Mstislav the Bold and defeated Yuri and his other brothers on the Lipitsa River. Having gained Vladimir, Konstantin sent Yuri to rule Rostov and Yaroslavl. Two years later Konstantin died, and Yuri was allowed to return to Vladimir.
During his reign in Vladimir, Yuri waged several wars against Volga Bulgaria and founded the fortress of Nizhny Novgorod on the Volga River to secure the area from Bulgarian attacks. He installed his younger brother Yaroslav in Novgorod. When the Mongols first approached Russia in 1223, he sent a small unit against them, but it arrived too late to take part in the disastrous Battle of the Kalka River in May 1223.
When the Mongols returned in 1237, Yuri treated their envoys with disdain. Likewise, he did not help Ryazan when Batu Khan laid siege to that city in December 1237. His own capital, however, was the next in line. Yuri's sons were soundly defeated near Kolomna, and Yuri himself could barely escape to Yaroslavl. His wife Agatha (Mikhail of Kiev's sister) and all his family died in Vladimir when the Assumption Cathedral where they had sought refuge from the fire collapsed in February 1238. Russian historians (Vadim Kargalov [ru], Gelian Prokhorov [ru]) believe that this information was deliberately falsified. The purpose was to hide the fact that some members of the princely family were captured. The most likely was the capture of Agatha, her daughter Princess Theodora, or the young Princess Marina, the wife of Yuri's son Vsevolod Yur'evich [ru]. (Princess Marina was not canonized in the Cathedral of the Vladimir Saints together with the rest of the Vladimir Martyrs [ru] who died in the Assumption Cathedral).
Yuri himself was killed on 4 March 1238, in the Battle of the Sit River, when vast Mongol hordes defeated the army of Vladimir-Suzdal. The relics of the prince are in the Dormition Cathedral, Vladimir.
# Richard P. Ernst

Richard Pretlow Ernst (February 28, 1858 – April 13, 1934) was a U.S. Senator from Kentucky who served from 1921 to 1927. He was a Republican.

## Biography

Born in 1858, Ernst graduated from Centre College in 1878 and earned his law degree from the Cincinnati Law School in 1880. That year, he was admitted to the bar and began practicing law in Cincinnati, Ohio, and Covington, Kentucky. He served on the Covington city council from 1888 to 1892 and ran (unsuccessfully) for election to Congress in 1896.
After his election to the Senate in 1920, Ernst served on the Committee on the Revision of the Laws, the Committee on Patents, and the Committee on Privileges and Elections. He was defeated in his bid for re-election in 1926 by future Vice President Alben W. Barkley and returned to practicing law in Cincinnati.
He died in 1934 while in Baltimore, Maryland.
YMCA Camp Ernst, a YMCA summer camp in Burlington, Kentucky, is named after Senator Ernst, who provided the camp with its first 100 acres (0.4 km$^2$) of land.
# The Mafia Kills Only in Summer (film)

The Mafia Kills Only in Summer (Italian: La mafia uccide solo d'estate) is a 2013 Italian comedy-drama film. It marked the directorial debut of the TV satirist Pif. The Italian Senate President and former anti-mafia magistrate Pietro Grasso referred to this film as the best film work on Sicilian Mafia ever made.
The film premiered at the 2013 Torino Film Festival and released to theatres in Italy on 28 November 2013. It was awarded best comedy film at the 27th European Film Awards.

## Plot

The story takes place in Palermo and it follows the story of the young Arturo Giammarresi, who wishes to become a journalist and has loved Flora since he was ten years old. His awkward attempts to conquer her heart run parallel to his (and his city's) slow realisation of the existence of Cosa Nostra. In the end, the movie is mostly a homage paid to the policemen and the magistrates who fought and gave their lives between the late 1970s and 1992, heroes of legality that were martyred in the attempt to dismantle the Sicilian Mafia.

## Cast

* Pif as Arturo (adult)
* Cristiana Capotondi as Flora (adult)
* Claudio Gioè as Francesco
* Ninni Bruschetta as Fra Giacinto
* Alex Bisconti as Arturo (child)
* Ginevra Antona as Flora (child)
* Maurizio Marchetti as Jean Pierre
* Barbara Tabita as Arturo's mother
# Meristodonoides

Meristodonoides is an extinct genus of hybodont known from the mid-late Cretaceous, with potential records dating back to the Jurassic. It is one of a number of hybodont genera composed of species formerly assigned to Hybodus.
The genus is primarily known from remains from the Cretaceous of North America and Europe, spanning from the Aptian/Albian to Maastrichtian, making it one of the last surviving hybodont genera, though records of the genus likely extend as far back as the Late Jurassic, based on an undescribed skeleton from the Tithonian of England, and fragmentary teeth from the Kimmeridgian of Poland, England and Switzerland. Other remains of the genus are known from the Coniacian of England, the Aptian-Albian of France, the Campanian of British Columbia, Canada and the Campanian of European Russia.

## Taxonomy

The type species is M. rajkovichi, which was originally a species in the genus Hybodus. The species, along with other Hybodus species such as H. butleri and H. montanensis, was reassigned to Meristodonoides by Charlie J. Underwood and Stephen L. Cumbaa in 2010.

### Species

* M. butleri (Thurmond, 1971) - Aptian/Albian of Texas
* M. montanensis (Case, 1978) - Campanian of Montana and Wyoming, with similar remains from the Santonian of New Mexico
* M. novojerseyensis (Case & Cappetta, 2004) - Campanian of North Carolina, Maastrichtian of New Jersey
* M. rajkovichi (Case, 2001) (type species) - Cenomanian of Minnesota
* M. multiplicatus Cicimurri et al., 2014 - Santonian-Campanian of Mississippi

## Ecology

The morphology of the teeth suggests an adaptation to tearing prey, with a specialization for restraining fast-swimming prey such as small fish and squid. Fossils from the Western Interior Seaway suggest that it preferred nearshore marine environments, being absent from deeper-water areas, with it likely also being able to tolerate brackish and freshwater conditions. In the Gulf Coastal Plain, Meristodonoides teeth are largely found in estuarine deposits. The restriction of Meristodonoides to nearshore habitats, combined with its late occurrence, fits the overall decline in niches occupied by hybodonts throughout the Cretaceous, likely due to them being outcompeted by lamniform sharks in open marine habitats. However, some Meristonoides teeth have also been recovered from deep-water deposits representing open marine environments, such as the Northumberland Formation in Canada.
# Estadio Monumental José Fierro

The Estadio José Fierro (nicknamed Monumental) is a football stadium in the city of San Miguel de Tucumán in Tucumán Province, Argentina. It is the home ground for Club Atlético Tucumán. The stadium's capacity is now 35,200 due to extensive remodeling of the stadium.
The stadium also hosted games of the Argentina national rugby union team. Besides, the Tucumán Rugby Union representative has also played at Atlético Tucumán facing national sides touring on Argentina.

## History

The stadium was designed by Spanish architect José Graña. It was completed in 1922 and had a capacity for 5,000 spectators. It was inaugurated on May 21 of the same year and was originally baptized as "Grand Stadium" due to its monumental characteristics that made it the largest in dimensions in all of northern Argentina. For the occasion, the entire Racing Club de Avellaneda was invited.
As time passed, it was given the name "José Fierro" Monumental Stadium, in honor of the former president of the institution, José Fierro.
It was the first roofed stadium in Tucumán, and the first to have a high grandstand. Due to its size, it is chosen for the big events that take place in the province. The dimensions are 105 x 70.20 m and both the stands and the ceiling are made of concrete, the rest of the installations are made of cement (as are some seats, the rest are made of cement). Its old capacity was 29,200 spectators.
In July 2009, 2,700 seats were added to the stadium. The construction of VIP boxes was also carried out. In 2016 more VIP boxes were built under the new grandstand.
After an announcement made by the president of Atlético Tucumán Mario Leito, in February 2019 the local construction company"Tensolite S.A." carried out a refurbishing that included 2,700 new seats and VIP boxes. New toilettes and access were also added. As a result of the various works that increased the total capacity of the stadium, it currently stands at 35,200 people.
Atlético Tucumán drew an average home attendance of 28,714 in the 2024 Argentine Primera División.

## Rugby

The ground has been also used by the Argentina national rugby union team. A 24–16 defeat by Scotland in June 2010 was the first time Argentina had lost at the ground, after seven previous wins. In 2014, it hosted one of two Admiral Brown Cup matches when Argentina faced Ireland.
Los Pumas also played France at Estadio José Fierro in 2012 and 2016.
On the other hand, the Tucumán Rugby Union team has also played at the stadium v national sides touring on Argentina. Some of the URT rivals at Estadio José Fierro were France (1988, 1992, and 1996.), England (1990) New Zealand (1991) South Africa (1993, 2000), and Australia (1997, and 2002).
# Juan José Longhini

Juan José Longhini (born 5 August 1984 in Olavarría, Argentina) is an Argentine former footballer who played as a striker.

## Teams

* Ferro Carril Sud de Tandil [es] 2005–2006
* Grupo Universitario 2006
* Gimnasia y Esgrima de Tandil 2007
* Ferroviario de Coronel Dorrego 2007
* Ferro Carril Sud de Olavarría 2008–2009
* Deportes La Serena 2009
* Unión Tarija 2010–2011
* Pedernales 2012
* Argentino de Pehuajó 2012
* Ferro Carril Sud de Olavarría 2013–2014
* Huracán de Goya [es] 2014
* Atlético Tapalqué [es] 2016
* Estudiantes de Olavarría 2016
* Ferro Carril Sud de Olavarría 2016–2017
* El Fortín 2018
* Racing de Olavarría 2019–2020
* Embajadores de Olavarría 2021
* Gimnasia y Esgrima de Tandil 2022
* Estudiantes de Olavarría 2023
* Boca Juniors de Azul 2024
# Jaqi Jiwata

Jaqi Jiwata (Aymara jaqi man, jiwata dead, "dead man", also spelled Jakke Jihuata) is a mountain in the Bolivian Andes which reaches a height of approximately 4,620 m (15,160 ft). It is located in the La Paz Department, Inquisivi Province, Colquiri Municipality. Jaqi Jiwata lies between Iru Pata in the southwest and Qala Piwrani in the northeast.
# Catherine Small Long

Mary Catherine Small Long (born Mary Catherine Small; February 7, 1924 – November 23, 2019) was an American politician who served as the U.S. representative for Louisiana's 8th congressional district, which she filled from 1985 to 1987, the remainder of the term left by the death of her husband, Gillis William Long. Until it was disbanded in 1993, the 8th district was based in Central Louisiana about Alexandria. She was the first female military veteran elected to Congress, having served as a WAVE in the United States Navy.

## Early life and education

Mary Catherine Small was born in Dayton, Ohio, and attended school in Camp Hill, Pennsylvania. She served as a hospital corpsman in the United States Navy during World War II. Long earned a B.A. degree from Louisiana State University in 1948.

## Career

Long served in the U.S. Navy as a pharmacist's mate. Long became a staff assistant for Oregon senator Wayne Morse and Ohio Representative James G. Polk.
In January 1985, Long's husband died and left a vacancy in Louisiana 8th congressional district. In 1985, when Long announced her candidacy, some of the wives of other U.S. representatives came into the district to campaign on her behalf. Long won the special election, defeating candidates including Republican Clyde C. Holloway, a nurseryman from Forest Hill in southern Rapides Parish, and then State Representative Jock Scott of Alexandria, a Democrat who later switched parties. In 1986, Long declined to seek a full term as congresswoman.
In his autobiographical Peapatch Politics: The Earl Long Era in Louisiana Politics, former lieutenant governor and education superintendent William J. "Bill" Dodd, an astute observer of Louisiana politics for a half century, describes Cathy Long, who compiled a liberal voting record in Congress, as the "perfect political wife."

## Personal life

She married Gillis William Long in 1947. Long had two children, George Harrison Long (born October 13, 1954) and Janis Catherine Long (born March 25, 1957).

### Death

Long died from complications of dementia at an assisted-living facility in Chevy Chase, Maryland on November 23, 2019, at age 95. Five years after her death and on her 100th birthday, Long's ashes in a ceremony were interred with her husband at Alexandria National Cemetery.
# Dr. K. N. Modi University

Dr. K. N. Modi University is private university enacted by The Dr. K.N. Modi University (Tonk) Act, 2010 (Rajasthan Act No. 8 of 2010) by Rajasthan Legislative Assembly located in Newai, Tonk, Rajasthan, India. The university has a 42-acre (17 ha) campus. The periphery around the campus has a green buffer of heavy plantation, which filters out dust and noise from the vicinity and helps in maintaining pleasant surroundings. Rainwater harvesting system has been adopted. Waste water is recycled for horticultural needs. Solar energy panels supplement power generation; provide hot water in winters and street light at night. An in-house sub-station is operational.
# Mary Malahlela

Mary Malahlela-Xakana (2 May 1916 – 8 May 1981) was the first Black woman to register as a medical doctor in South Africa (in 1947). She was also a founding member of the Young Women’s Christian Association.

## Early life and education

Mary Susan Makobatjatji Malahlela was born in Pietersburg. Her father was Thadius Chweu Malahlela, a Christian convert. Her father had been driven from his home for refusing to put his twin children to death, since twins were considered a curse. As a girl she was a student at the Methodist Primary School in Juliwe, near Johannesburg. She attended the University of Fort Hare as an undergraduate, and in 1941 received support from the Native Trust Fund to study medicine at the University of Witwatersrand. When she graduated in 1947, she was the first Black woman to graduate from Wits. In 2015 the University of Witwatersrand erected a plaque on its grounds as a memorial to Dr Malahlela and as a way to redress the historical diminution of native black alumni.

## Career

In 1947, Malahlela graduated from medical school and registered as a medical doctor, the first black woman in South Africa to do so. She opened a private medical practice in Kliptown, and a second in Mofolo South. After the Group Areas Act, she worked at the clinic in Dobsonville.
Malahlele was a founding member of the YWCA in South Africa, and active in the peace and anti-apartheid movements. She was a member of the Women's Peace Movement, a member of the Fort Hare University Council, and a chairwoman of the Roodepoort School Board.

## Personal life

Mary Malahlela married and had two daughters. She died in 1981, aged 65, after a heart attack, while volunteering with Nthato Motlana at the rural Witkoppen Clinic in Sandton, Johannesburg.
A primary school in Dobsonville is named after Malahlela-Xakana. In 2015, Malahlela-Xakana was posthumously awarded the Order of the Baobab for her pioneering medical career.
# Warrior of Mogente

Warrior of Mogente (Spanish: El Guerrero de Mogente) is a figure that represents a warrior sitting on a horse. The figure is made out of cast bronze. Warrior of Mogente is from the 5th century or 4th century BCE. The figure was found in 1931, close to Moixent, Spain. Warrior of Mogente is located at Prehistory Museum of Valencia.
# Afrigen

Afrigen Biologics and Vaccines is a South African pharmaceutical company. Afrigen developed a COVID vaccine and is working on mRNA vaccines for tuberculosis and HIV. It is based in the City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality.
# 1948 Detroit Lions season

The 1948 Detroit Lions season was the team's 19th overall season in the league. The team failed to improve on their previous season's output of 3–9, winning only two games. They failed to qualify for the playoffs for the 13th consecutive season. In this season they used scarlet and black uniforms instead of the traditional Honolulu blue and silver. They returned to Honolulu blue and silver the following season.

## Schedule

| Game | Date | Opponent | Result | Record | Venue | Attendance | Recap | Sources |
| 1 | September 22 | at Los Angeles Rams | L 7–44 | 0–1 | L.A. Memorial Coliseum | 17,271 | Recap | |
| — | Bye | Bye | Bye | Bye | Bye | Bye | Bye | Bye |
| 2 | October 3 | at Green Bay Packers | L 21–33 | 0–2 | City Stadium | 24,206 | Recap | |
| 3 | October 9 | Boston Yanks | L 14–17 | 0–3 | Briggs Stadium | 18,747 | Recap | |
| 4 | October 17 | at Chicago Bears | L 0–28 | 0–4 | Wrigley Field | 35,425 | Recap | |
| 5 | October 24 | Los Angeles Rams | L 27–34 | 0–5 | Briggs Stadium | 17,444 | Recap | |
| 6 | October 31 | Green Bay Packers | W 24–20 | 1–5 | Briggs Stadium | 16,174 | Recap | |
| 7 | November 7 | at Chicago Cardinals | L 20–56 | 1–6 | Comiskey Park | 24,051 | Recap | |
| 8 | November 14 | at Washington Redskins | L 21–46 | 1–7 | Griffith Stadium | 32,528 | Recap | |
| 9 | November 21 | Pittsburgh Steelers | W 17–14 | 2–7 | Briggs Stadium | 16,189 | Recap | |
| 10 | November 25 | Chicago Cardinals | L 14–28 | 2–8 | Briggs Stadium | 22,957 | Recap | |
| 11 | December 5 | Chicago Bears | L 14–42 | 2–9 | Briggs Stadium | 27,485 | Recap | |
| 12 | December 12 | at Philadelphia Eagles | L 21–45 | 2–10 | Shibe Park | 15,322 | Recap | |
| Note: Intra-conference opponents are in bold text. Thanksgiving: November 25. |||||||||

## Standings

NFL Western Division :
| viewtalkedit | W | L | T | PCT | DIV | PF | PA | STK |
| Chicago Cardinals | 11 | 1 | 0 | .917 | 7–1 | 395 | 226 | W10 |
| Chicago Bears | 10 | 2 | 0 | .833 | 7–1 | 375 | 151 | L1 |
| Los Angeles Rams | 6 | 5 | 1 | .545 | 3–5 | 327 | 269 | W3 |
| Green Bay Packers | 3 | 9 | 0 | .250 | 2–6 | 154 | 290 | L7 |
| Detroit Lions | 2 | 10 | 0 | .167 | 1–7 | 200 | 407 | L3 |
    Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.
NFL Eastern Division :
| viewtalkedit | W | L | T | PCT | DIV | PF | PA | STK |
| Philadelphia Eagles | 9 | 2 | 1 | .818 | 7–1 | 376 | 156 | W1 |
| Washington Redskins | 7 | 5 | 0 | .583 | 5–3 | 291 | 287 | W1 |
| New York Giants | 4 | 8 | 0 | .333 | 3–5 | 297 | 388 | L2 |
| Pittsburgh Steelers | 4 | 8 | 0 | .333 | 3–5 | 200 | 243 | L1 |
| Boston Yanks | 3 | 9 | 0 | .250 | 2–6 | 174 | 372 | W1 |
    Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.
# Samuel M. Shortridge

Samuel Morgan Shortridge (August 3, 1861 – January 15, 1952) was a Republican Senator from California.

## Early years

Shortridge was born in Mount Pleasant, Iowa and moved to California as a child with his family, who settled in San Jose in 1875. He practiced law in San Francisco, California for most of his life.

## Career

Shortridge acted as Abe Ruef's attorney during the San Francisco graft trials.
Shortridge was a presidential elector in 1888, 1900, and 1908. He lost the 1914 U.S. Senate Republican primary to veteran congressman Joseph R. Knowland, who was defeated in the general election by James D. Phelan. Shortridge was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1920, riding Warren G. Harding's post World War I "Return to Normalcy" campaign. Defeating Phelan and strong candidates from the Prohibition Party and Socialist Party of America, Shortridge won the general election with 49% of the vote. He was reelected in 1926 with 63% of the vote over Democrat John B. Elliott. He served two full terms before being defeated in a primary in 1932.
Shortridge became a prominent voice for racist anti-Japanese forces in California, declaring that a child of Japanese immigrants would regard "himself or herself as a native of Japan. His heart, his affections go out to the native land of the parent.". Shortridge's claims in 1924 were remarkably similar to some of the justifications made for Japanese internment during World War II. Even some senators who wanted to favor northern and western European immigrants found Shortridge's anti-Japanese position unnecessary.
Shortridge served as a special attorney for the Justice Department in Washington, D.C. from 1939 to 1943.

## Family

His sister, Clara S. Foltz, became the first female lawyer in California in 1878, and the first female deputy district attorney in the U.S. in 1910. She helped him campaign for the Senate.
His brother Charles M. Shortridge (1858–1918) was the owner of the San Jose newspaper The Daily Mercury and purchased The San Francisco Call in 1895.
He was a member of the Bohemian Club. (Varied Types by Edward F. O'Day)

## Death

He died in Atherton, California.
# Chihlee University of Technology

Chihlee University of Technology (CLUT; Chinese: 致理科技大學; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tì-lí Kho-ki Tāi-ha̍k), is a private university in Banqiao District, New Taipei City, Taiwan. Chihlee serves over 10,000 full-time students. The word zhìlǐ describes a personal quality that may be rendered dedication. CLUT is accredited by ACCBE and affiliated with Customs Administration, Ministry of Finance, Importers and Exporters Association of Taipei (IEAT), Customs Broker Association of Kaohsiung, SAP University Alliances and Institute for Innovative Global Education (IIGE).

## History

The school was founded in 1965 in Banqiao as Chihlee College of Business, a trade school offering associate's degrees in fields related to commerce. The CLCB comprised four departments: International Trade, Business Administration, Accounting and Statistics, and Banking and Insurance. A Department of Secretarial Science was added three years later. The school was also known in English as the Chihlee Institute of Commerce.
In 2000 the school was upgraded by Taiwan's Ministry of Education to a full baccalaureate degree-granting institution named Chihlee University of Technology (( factually inaccurate / was still an "Institute" in 2008 / verify dates )). The curriculum and range of majors expanded and the school was renamed Chihlee Institute of Technology. In 2015 the school was officially upgraded by Taiwan's Ministry of Education to a university.

## Faculties

* College of Business Management
* College of Innovation and Design
* College of International Business and Foreign Language

## Transportation

The campus lies within walking distance of Xinpu Station of the Taipei Metro.
# Baumgartenberg

Baumgartenberg is a municipality in the district Perg in the Austrian state of Upper Austria.

## Geography

Baumgartenberg lies at round 237 meters. The extension is 4.5 kilometers from north to south, from west to east 6.8 kilometers. The total area is 15.7 kilometers ². 23.6% of the area is forested, 63.7% of the area is used for agriculture.
Quarters include Amesbach, Au, Baumgartenberg, Deiming, Hehenberger, High, Kolbinger, Kühofen, Fiefs, Mettensdorf, Muhlberg, Obergassolding, Pitzing, Schneckenreit, Steindl and Untergassolding.