OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Leonard G. Muse

Leonard Gaston Muse (January 1, 1897 – November 11, 1994) was a Virginia lawyer and state senator who represented Roanoke between 1936 and 1946. An independent Democrat who often criticized the Byrd Organization, Muse became involved in the Massive Resistance to racial integration vowed by U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd after the U.S. Supreme Court decisions in Brown v. Board of Education as a member of the state board of education.

## Early and family life

Born to Benjamin Franklin Muse and his wife Bertie Minnix Muse in Roanoke, Muse had a sister, Alma (1894-1991). He was educated in the city's public schools, and also graduated from Roanoke College. He then attended the University of Virginia School of Law.
Muse served in World War I, and practiced law and lived with his parents as the Great Depression started. He married Martha Page Stone (1904-1980) in 1931.

## Political career

An independent Democrat (what the Byrd Organization called an "Anti", meaning Anti-Byrd Organization), Muse initially served on the Roanoke School Board from 1933 until 1936.
In 1935, Muse ran for the state senate seat in 21st District, then representing Roanoke City and Roanoke County and represented by Abram P. Staples since 1928 and who had been appointed Attorney General of Virginia after the 1934 session had ended. In that 1935 election, District 21 was combined with what had been District 22, which had previously included other parts of Roanoke County as well as Radford as well as Franklin and Montgomery Counties and had Byrd Democrat Harvey B. Apperson of Salem, Virginia (seat of Roanoke County) as its senator. Now, District 21 had two senators and Muse served alongside Apperson. In 1943, legislative redistricting after the 1940 census included creation of a District 36, consisting only of the City of Roanoke (with the Roanoke County and Radford and the other counties remaining in District 21). Muse was elected from that single-member district 36.
In 1945, Muse ran in the Democratic primary for lieutenant governor of Virginia, and came in a distant third to both Byrd Democrats (Senator Harry F. Byrd not having announced his choice): Lewis Collins(who won both the primary and general election, and Charles R. Fenwick(who conceded to Collins after he challenged unusual results in court).
In 1947, Muse lost in the Democratic primary to retain his District 36 seat to fellow lawyer Earl A. Fitzpatrick, a Byrd Democrat, who was elected his successor in the general election that November. Apperson was elected Attorney General of Virginia in that election. Muse nonetheless strongly supported Byrd Democrat John S. Battlefor governor in 1949.
Muse also served on the Virginia Board of Education from 1941 until 1963; he had become its president by the time he retired.
In 1966, Muse was elected chairman of the board of visitors of Radford University.

## Death and legacy

Muse died in Roanoke in 1994. Radford University named a co-ed dormitory completed in 1970 for Muse.
# Nadrin

Nadrin (French pronunciation:; Walloon: Nådrin) is a village of Wallonia and a district of the municipality of Houffalize, located in the province of Luxembourg, Belgium.
The village is situated in the valley of the river Ourthe. It contains several archaeological sites; both the site of a Celtic fortress and the remains of Roman villas.
# Malcolm W. Perkins

Malcolm White Perkins (August 18, 1888 – March 19, 1965) was an American lawyer and politician who served for many years as circuit court clerk of Fluvanna County as well as one term in the Virginia House of Delegates.
# Charles D. Price

Charles Daniel Price (died April 22, 1974) was an American politician from Virginia. He served as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates from 1949 to 1965.

## Early life

Charles Daniel Price graduated from the University of Virginia. His brother was Roanoke commonwealth's attorney Samuel R. Price.

## Career

Price was a member of the Page County School Board for 16 years. He was a livestock farmer in Page County, Virginia. He was president of the Virginia State Canners Association. He owned the Alma Cannery and was known for growing tomatoes in Page County.
Price was a Democrat. He served in the Virginia House of Delegates, representing Page and Warren counties, from 1949 to 1965. In 1965, he did not seek re-election. He served on the Page County Democratic committee. He was elected as a delegate to the 7th district convention.
Price was president of Farmers and Merchants National Bank in Stanley and the Shen Valley Meat Packers Cooperative in Timberville. He was Page County's representative in the State Board of Community Colleges original steering committee. From 1954 to 1966, he was a member of the board of visitors of the Virginia School for the Deaf and the Blind.

## Personal life

Price married Mary Evelyn Grove. His stepdaughter was Doris Elaine. His wife died in 1959. He married Lennis (née Shoemaker) Thrower, daughter of Simeon Shoemaker, on April 30, 1965. She died in August 1965. He lived in Alma.
Price had a heart attack died the following day, April 22, 1974, aged 78 or 79, at University of Virginia Hospital in Charlottesville. He was buried in Alma Lutheran Church Cemetery.

## Legacy

In 1969, the Virginia School for the Blind and Deaf named a boys' dormitory in his honor.
# William Roy Smith (politician)

William Roy Smith (July 8, 1920 – September 17, 1993) was an American politician from Virginia. He served as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates from 1951 to 1973.

## Early life

William Roy Smith was born on July 8, 1920, in Petersburg, Virginia. His father was a pharmacist. He graduated from the Medical College of Virginia's School of Pharmacy with a Bachelor of Science in 1941.

## Career

In 1947, Smith's father helped him start his own pharmaceutical firm, Physicians Products Company Inc. In 1963, he sold the firm to International Latex Corporation and it was merged with a Pennsylvania-based subsidiary. He served as chief executive officer of the firm until the late 1960s. He was president of the Virginia Pharmaceutical Association and was a member of the American Pharmaceutical Association. In the late 1960s, Smith briefly owned the Triangle Dodge auto dealership and was executive secretary of the Virginia Pharmaceutical Association. In 1969, he joined A. H. Robins Company as a new products planning director. In 1973, he became vice president. He served as senior vice president and became general manager of the pharmaceutical division in 1976 and later retired in January 1982.
Smith was a Democrat. He served as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates, representing Petersburg, Prince George and Dinwiddie counties, from 1952 to 1973. He served as chairman of the appropriations committee. He was a co-sponsor of legislation leading to the construction of the Richmond–Petersburg Turnpike. After serving as a delegate, he was a member of the Coalition, a group of independent and Democratic conservative politicians. The Coalition supported Mills Godwin, John N. Dalton and Chuck Robb for Virginia governor. In 1982, Smith and Godwin were co-chairmen of a steering committee for Paul S. Trible Jr.'s senate bid.
Smith was appointed to the board of visitors of the Virginia Commonwealth University in 1981. He served as vice rector for three years and served as rector of the board of visitors from 1984 to 1986. He was president of the Medical College of Virginia Alumni Association and the Petersburg Lions Club. He was a founder of what was later named the Southside Virginia Emergency Crew. He was a member of the Southside Virginia Emergency Crew Advisory Board and Petersburg Advisory Board of First & Merchants Bank.

## Personal life

Smith married Virginia Lee Brown. They had two sons and a daughter, Robert Worthington Nunnally, Robert Blackwell II and Virginia Lee. He was a member and vestryman of St. Paul's Episcopal Church in Petersburg.
Smith died of cancer on September 17, 1993, at his home in Petersburg. He was buried in Blandford Cemetery in Petersburg.

## Awards

In 1949, Smith received the Distinguished Service Award by the Petersburg Jaycees. In 1965, Smith was named Pharmacist of the Year by the Virginia Pharmaceutical Association.
# Louis C. Rudolph

Louis C. Rudolph was the 20th president of Santa Clara University, succeeding James J. Lyons.
# Bomal

Bomal (French pronunciation:; Walloon: Boumål-so-Oûte) is a village of Wallonia and a district of the municipality of Durbuy, located in the province of Luxembourg, Belgium.
It is located at the confluence of the rivers Ourthe and Aisne.
It was previously a municipality until the fusion of municipalities in 1977.
Bomal has a railway station which is on the line running between Liège and Marloie via Marche-en-Famenne. Along the line to the south-west is the station of Melreux-Hotton and to the north is the station of Sy.
50°22′41″N 5°31′25″E﻿ / ﻿50.378°N 5.5236°E﻿ / 50.378; 5.5236
* This Belgian Luxembourg location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# John Healy (entrepreneur)

John J. Healy (c. 1840–1908) was an Irish-American entrepreneur in the late 19th century, who also operated in Canada at various times. His pioneering business activities ranged from Montana to Alberta/BC, Canada and to Alaska/Yukon.
Originating from a base of operations in Montana, he and Alfred B. Hamilton established a whiskey trading post near present-day Lethbridge, Alberta in 1869. The post was originally named after Hamilton, but a second, larger post nearby was given the name of Fort Whoop-Up.
Healy sold the fort to Dave Akers in 1876.
He then took up work as the sheriff of Chouteau County in Montana, a newspaper editor and a businessman in Fort Benton, Montana.
Healy moved to the North, operating a trading post at Dyea, Alaska. He later moved to Yukon Territory to operate a transportation company during the Klondike Gold Rush.
Healy died in 1908 as a rich and famous man.
He was buried in Seattle, Washington.

## Legacy

Healy, Alaska and Healy Pass in the Alberta Rockies are named after him.
# Acrobasis mirabiella

Acrobasis mirabiella is a species of snout moth in the genus Acrobasis. It was described by Sergiusz Graf von Toll in 1948. It is found in Iran.
# Robert Anthony Brucato

Robert Anthony Brucato (August 14, 1931 – November 7, 2018) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of New York from 1997 to 2006.

## Biography
### Early life

Robert Brucato was born in the Bronx in New York City on August 14, 1931 to Anthony and Yolanda (nee Vento) Brucato. He attended P.S. 97, a public primary school, and Cardinal Hayes High School, both in the Bronx.
Deciding to become a priest, Brucato entered Cathedral College in Queens, New York City. He completed his preparation for the priesthood at St. Joseph’s Seminary in Yonkers, New York.

### Priesthood

Brucato was ordained a priest on June 1, 1957, for the Archdiocese of New York by Cardinal Francis Spellman. During his years with the archdiocese, Brucato served as parochial vicar at the following New York parishes:
* St. Gabriel in the Bronx
* St. Ann in Ossining
* St. Anthony in West Harrison
* St. Charles Borromeo in Dover Plains
In 1960, Spellman made an appeal for priests to become military chaplains for short terms. That same year, Brucato enlisted in the United States Air Force Chaplain Corps. During this period, he obtain a Master of Education degree in psychology and counseling from Our Lady of the Lake College in San Antonio, Texas. He was posted to 22 installations around the world during his time as chaplain. In 1975, in 1975, Brucato sponsored a Vietnamese refugee family to live in his home on Grandview Air Force Base in Kansas City, Missouri.
Brucato also served as director of chaplain services for the Air Forces in Europe and cadet chaplain of the U.S. Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs, Colorado.
In 1982, Brucato retired as a colonel from the Chaplain Corps and returned to New York City. Over the next 14 years, Brucato served as pastor of the following parishes in New York City:
* Holy Rosary in Staten Island (1984 to 1987)
* St. Benedict Parish in the Bronx (1987 to 1994)
Brucato left St. Benedict in 1994 when Cardinal John O’Connor named him as chancellor of the archdiocese.

### Auxiliary Bishop of New York

Brucato was appointed titular bishop of 'Temuniana' and auxiliary bishop of New York on June 30, 1997 by Pope John Paul II. He was consecrated bishop on August 25, 1997, at St. Patrick's Cathedral in Manhattan by O’Connor. Brucato chose as his episcopal motto "My heart is ready, O Lord".
After his consecration, O'Connor named Brucato as vicar for pastoral guidance. In 1999, he assumed the role of vicar general. In 2001, Brucato also became pastor of St. John the Evangelist Parish in Manhattan.
In 2003, Brucato traveled to Goree, an island in Senegal that was a center of the trans-Atlantic slave trade. He was part of a US delegation participating in a service of reconciliation and forgiveness.

### Death and legacy

On October 31, 2006, Brucato retired as auxiliary bishop of New York at age 75. He later moved into the St. John Vianney Priests Residence in the Bronx. Brucato died on November 7, 2018, in Yonkers, New York.
# Nordic combined at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Qualification

The following is about the qualification rules and the quota allocation for the Nordic combined events at the 2022 Winter Olympics.

## Qualification

A total of 55 quota spots are available to athletes to compete at the games. A maximum of 5 athletes can be entered by a National Olympic Committee. Competitors are eligible to compete if they have scored a World or Grand Prix point in their career, or at least one Continental cup event during the qualification period of July 2020 to 16 January 2022. The top 50 on the Olympic quota allocation list respecting the maximum of 5 per country will qualify to compete, including the host. The host will be allowed to enter one competitor in each competition including the relay provided the athletes are on the allocation list. Following the top 50, if there is not ten nations with enough athletes to form a relay team, then nations with 3 qualified athletes will be granted an additional quota. If at that point, the maximum has not been achieved the highest ranking athletes from unrepresented nations will be chosen.

## Quota allocation

Allocation as of 17 January 2022.

### Summary

| Nations | Athletes | Team |
| Austria | 5 | X |
| China | 1 | X |
| Czech Republic | 4 | X |
| Estonia | 1 | |
| Finland | 5 | X |
| France | 5 | X |
| Germany | 5 | X |
| Italy | 4 | X |
| Japan | 5 | X |
| Kazakhstan | 1 | |
| Latvia | 1 | |
| Norway | 5 | X |
| Poland | 2 | |
| ROC | 3 | |
| Slovenia | 1 | |
| South Korea | 1 | |
| Switzerland | 1 0 | |
| Ukraine | 1 | |
| United States | 5 | X |
| Total: 19 NOCs | 55 | 10 |
* ↑ Despite not meeting qualifying criteria China was included in the men's team event using three athletes who had not qualified for the Olympics

### Next eligible NOC

Ona quotas was rejected and made available for reallocation. Bold indicates the acceptance of a quota.
* Men's
* France  Italy  ROC  Czech Republic  Estonia
# Military Machines International

Military Machines International was a military magazine published monthly in the United Kingdom by the Business of Model Activity Press Ltd and then by Key Publishing Ltd. It existed between 2001 and 2014.

## History and profile

Military Machines International was first published in May 2001 (cover dated June 2001). In the same month another magazine Classic Military Vehicle also appeared. This was just after the long-running quarterly Wheels & Tracks ceased publication, thereby leaving a gap in the market. Since the first issue the editor of Military Machines International was Ian Young.
It featured articles and photographs on military vehicles, armoured and soft-skin, both past and present, from all around the world.
In March 2011, the Business of Model Activity Press Limited was acquired by Key Publishing Ltd, who publish the magazine under their name from the May 2011 issue onward. The final issue of Military Machines International came in November 2014, thereafter the magazine merged with Classic Military Vehicle.
# Tokihiko

Tokihiko is a masculine Japanese given name.

## Written forms

Tokihiko can be written using different combinations of kanji characters. Some examples:
* 時彦, "hour, elegant boy"
* 時比古, "hour, young man (archaic)"
* 刻彦, "engrave, elegant boy"
* 晨彦, "morning, elegant boy"
* 期彦, "period, elegant boy"
* 登喜彦, "climb up, rejoice, elegant boy"
* 登紀彦, "climb up, chronicle, elegant boy"
The name can also be written in hiragana ときひこ or katakana トキヒコ.

## Notable people with the name

* Tokihiko Higuchi (樋口 時彦, born 1941), Japanese volleyball player
* Tokihiko Matsuura (松浦 聡彦, born 1968), Japanese manga artist
* Tokihiko Okada (岡田 時彦, 1903–1934), Japanese silent film actor
# Courtney Peak (Washington)

Courtney Peak is an 8,394-foot (2,558-metre) mountain summit located in the Methow Mountains which are a sub-range of the North Cascades in Washington state. Situated on Sawtooth Ridge, Courtney Peak is part of the Lake Chelan-Sawtooth Wilderness, a protected area within the Okanogan–Wenatchee National Forest. Courtney Peak ranks 80th on Washington's highest 100 peaks, and 81st on the "Bulger List". The nearest higher peak is Star Peak, 0.83 miles (1.34 km) to the southeast. Precipitation runoff on the west side of the mountain drains into nearby Lake Chelan via Fish Creek, whereas the north side of the mountain drains into Oval Creek, and the east side drains into Buttermilk Creek, both of which are tributaries of the Twisp River. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1985 to remember James (Ray) Courtney (1920-1982), a commercial packer and lifelong resident of Stehekin. The immediate vicinity of this peak was a favorite destination for his guided outings. Ray Courtney died in an accident while leading such a pack trip with 29 hikers when the horse he was riding lost its footing and fell down a gully.

## Climate

Lying east of the Cascade crest, the area around Courtney Peak is a bit drier than areas to the west. Summers can bring warm temperatures and occasional thunderstorms. Weather fronts originating in the Pacific Ocean travel northeast toward the Cascade Mountains. As fronts approach the North Cascades, they are forced upward by the peaks (orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the Cascades. As a result, the North Cascades experiences high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. With its impressive height, Courtney Peak can have snow on it in late-spring and early-fall, and can be very cold in the winter.

## Geology

The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks, ridges, and deep glacial valleys. Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to the various climate differences. These climate differences lead to vegetation variety defining the ecoregions in this area.
The history of the formation of the Cascade Mountains dates back millions of years ago to the late Eocene Epoch. With the North American Plate overriding the Pacific Plate, episodes of volcanic igneous activity persisted. In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago.
During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving deposits of rock debris. The U-shaped cross section of the river valleys is a result of recent glaciation. Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.

## Gallery

* Southeast ridge of Courtney
* Star Peak centered with Courtney Peak to right
# Hans Witdoeck

Hans Witdoeck or Jan Witdoeck (Antwerp, baptized 8 December 1615 - probably Antwerp, after 1642) was a Flemish engraver, draughtsman and art dealer. He belonged to the last generation of reproductive engravers who worked for Rubens' workshop from the mid-1630s.

## Life

Hans Witdoeck was a pupil of the engraver Lucas Vorsterman in the years 1630–1631. Vorsterman had joined Rubens' workshop around 1617 or 1618 and had established himself as Rubens' primary engraver since. Hans Witdoeck broke the three-year training contract with Vorsterman after only two years at the instigation of his father. He then trained for two years with the painter Cornelis Schut who introduced him to painting. He subsequently trained with Rubens where he learned the engraving of large plates. After the death of Rubens in 1640, Witdoeck worked mainly as an art dealer.
He married Catherina Gommaerts on 24 June 1642. Since there are no further records on Witdoeck following his marriage, it is presumed that he died shortly afterwards.

## Work

In his early engravings he made for Cornelis Schut, Witdoeck followed a traditional style similar to that of Cornelis Galle and his workshop. This early style was characterized by dry lines using many curves and an emphasis on plasticity. Witdoeck made two engravings after paintings of Cornelis Schut and nine Madonna images, usually of a small size.
His style became more fluid while he worked at Rubens' workshop where he produced his best work. At Rubens' workshop Witdoeck learned to engrave large plates. Witdoeck worked between 1634 and 1638 under the close supervision of Rubens on many engravings, including Abraham and Melchizedek, the Adoration of the Magi, the three-part Raising of the Cross, the Supper at Emmaus, Saint Ildefonso receiving the chasuble, Cicero and Demosthenes. Rubens specified the year 1638 for all these prints likely so that he only needed to apply for one printing privilege for the lot. The following year an Assumption of Mary and the Miracle of St. Just by Witdoeck were published. Witdoeck also produced a few undated prints while at Rubens' workshop.
It is clear from the revision and production process of these prints that Rubens was closely involved in their design and execution. This is documented by the process of the creation of a series of twelve plates after antique marble portrait sculptures (heads, busts, herms) by the four printmakers Hans Witdoeck, Paulus Pontius, Lucas Vorsterman, and Boetius à Bolswert working for Rubens. The production of the prints was closely supervised by Rubens as is demonstrated by five retouched proof impressions. Only six of Rubens' preparatory drawings for the series have survived. Witdoeck showed in his prints after Rubens a great skill in capturing the movement and variety of colour in the original works through his clever use of black, grey and white tones. A typical example is Abraham and Melchizedek.