# Nasugbu

Nasugbu, officially the Municipality of Nasugbu (Tagalog: Bayan ng Nasugbu), is a municipality in the province of Batangas, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 136,524 people.
Several bus services provide transportation to and from Nasugbu. Jeepneys from Tagaytay also enter and leave the town at a scheduled time. Within the town, tricycles are the main mode of transport.

## Geography

According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the municipality has a land area of 278.51 square kilometers (107.53 sq mi)  constituting 8.93% of the 3,119.75-square-kilometer (1,204.54 sq mi) total area of Batangas. It is 77 kilometres (48 mi) from Batangas City, 95 kilometres (59 mi) from Manila, and 85 kilometres (53 mi) from Imus.

### Topography

Nasugbu is bounded on the north by the municipalities of Maragondon, Magallanes and Alfonso in the province of Cavite; on the east by the Batangas municipalities of Laurel, Calaca, and Balayan; on the south by the Batangas municipalities of Lian and Tuy; and on the west by the South China Sea.
Entering the town proper via the national highway, one passes fields of sugar cane, corn, and rice fields; hills and mountains. The terrain slopes downwards to the South China Sea. Because of its rolling terrain and coastline location, agriculture (sugarcane, rice, corn, vegetables, coconut, fruits), and aquaculture are Nasugbu's main industries.

### Barangays

Nasugbu is politically subdivided into 42 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.
Currently, there are 3 barangays which are classified as urban (highlighted in bold).
| PSGC | Barangay | Population | Population | Population | ±% p.a. | ±% p.a. |
| | | 2020 | 2020 | 2010 | | |
| 041019001 | Aga | 4.8% | 6,577 | 5,889 | ▴ | 1.11% |
| 041019002 | Balaytigui | 3.2% | 4,426 | 4,059 | ▴ | 0.87% |
| 041019003 | Banilad | 3.7% | 5,072 | 4,585 | ▴ | 1.01% |
| 041019004 | Barangay 10 (Poblacion) | 0.8% | 1,074 | 981 | ▴ | 0.91% |
| 041019005 | Barangay 11 (Poblacion) | 2.1% | 2,846 | 2,844 | ▴ | 0.01% |
| 041019006 | Barangay 12 (Poblacion) | 1.8% | 2,398 | 2,299 | ▴ | 0.42% |
| 041019007 | Barangay 2 (Poblacion) | 1.3% | 1,750 | 1,485 | ▴ | 1.66% |
| 041019008 | Barangay 3 (Poblacion) | 0.9% | 1,283 | 1,160 | ▴ | 1.01% |
| 041019009 | Barangay 4 (Poblacion) | 1.1% | 1,554 | 1,412 | ▴ | 0.96% |
| 041019010 | Barangay 5 (Poblacion) | 1.5% | 2,028 | 2,016 | ▴ | 0.06% |
| 041019011 | Barangay 6 (Poblacion) | 1.8% | 2,450 | 2,368 | ▴ | 0.34% |
| 041019012 | Barangay 7 (Poblacion) | 1.1% | 1,463 | 1,446 | ▴ | 0.12% |
| 041019013 | Barangay 8 (Poblacion) | 1.0% | 1,302 | 1,188 | ▴ | 0.92% |
| 041019014 | Barangay 9 (Poblacion) | 0.7% | 902 | 891 | ▴ | 0.12% |
| 041019015 | Bilaran | 5.0% | 6,831 | 5,022 | ▴ | 3.12% |
| 041019016 | Bucana | 3.1% | 4,253 | 3,841 | ▴ | 1.02% |
| 041019017 | Bulihan | 2.1% | 2,845 | 2,534 | ▴ | 1.16% |
| 041019018 | Bunducan | 1.6% | 2,144 | 1,778 | ▴ | 1.89% |
| 041019019 | Butucan | 1.5% | 2,112 | 2,108 | ▴ | 0.02% |
| 041019020 | Calayo | 1.9% | 2,574 | 2,340 | ▴ | 0.96% |
| 041019021 | Catandaan | 1.5% | 2,018 | 1,845 | ▴ | 0.90% |
| 041019022 | Kaylaway | 5.3% | 7,270 | 6,377 | ▴ | 1.32% |
| 041019023 | Kayrilaw | 1.2% | 1,630 | 1,546 | ▴ | 0.53% |
| 041019024 | Cogunan | 3.4% | 4,608 | 3,933 | ▴ | 1.60% |
| 041019026 | Dayap | 1.4% | 1,945 | 1,644 | ▴ | 1.70% |
| 041019027 | Latag | 2.0% | 2,727 | 2,515 | ▴ | 0.81% |
| 041019028 | Looc | 3.1% | 4,204 | 3,970 | ▴ | 0.57% |
| 041019029 | Lumbangan | 5.0% | 6,823 | 6,579 | ▴ | 0.36% |
| 041019032 | Malapad na Bato | 1.0% | 1,330 | 1,210 | ▴ | 0.95% |
| 041019033 | Mataas na Pulo | 1.3% | 1,736 | 1,726 | ▴ | 0.06% |
| 041019035 | Maugat | 0.9% | 1,242 | 1,117 | ▴ | 1.07% |
| 041019036 | Munting Indan | 2.3% | 3,141 | 2,992 | ▴ | 0.49% |
| 041019037 | Natipuan | 1.8% | 2,474 | 2,063 | ▴ | 1.83% |
| 041019039 | Pantalan | 2.8% | 3,831 | 3,686 | ▴ | 0.39% |
| 041019041 | Papaya | 1.9% | 2,628 | 2,519 | ▴ | 0.42% |
| 041019042 | Putat | 2.2% | 3,060 | 2,751 | ▴ | 1.07% |
| 041019044 | Reparo | 1.6% | 2,119 | 1,987 | ▴ | 0.65% |
| 041019045 | Talangan | 2.1% | 2,897 | 2,673 | ▴ | 0.81% |
| 041019046 | Tumalim | 2.9% | 4,003 | 3,937 | ▴ | 0.17% |
| 041019047 | Utod | 1.0% | 1,410 | 1,175 | ▴ | 1.84% |
| 041019048 | Wawa | 11.2% | 15,328 | 14,352 | ▴ | 0.66% |
| 041019049 | Barangay 1 (Poblacion) | 1.3% | 1,805 | 1,640 | ▴ | 0.96% |
| | Total | Total | 136,524 | 122,483 | ▴ | 1.09% |

### Climate

Climate data for Nasugbu, Batangas :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29 (84) | 30 (86) | 31 (88) | 33 (91) | 32 (90) | 30 (86) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 30 (86) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 20 (68) | 20 (68) | 21 (70) | 22 (72) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 23 (73) | 22 (72) | 21 (70) | 22 (72) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 11 (0.4) | 13 (0.5) | 14 (0.6) | 32 (1.3) | 101 (4.0) | 142 (5.6) | 208 (8.2) | 187 (7.4) | 175 (6.9) | 131 (5.2) | 68 (2.7) | 39 (1.5) | 1,121 (44.3) |
| Average rainy days | 5.2 | 5.0 | 7.4 | 11.5 | 19.8 | 23.5 | 27.0 | 25.9 | 25.2 | 23.2 | 15.5 | 8.3 | 197.5 |
| Source: Meteoblue ||||||||||||||
The climate of Nasugbu falls under the first type of classification, Type I, characterized by two pronounced seasons: Dry season from November to April and wet season for the rest of the year. The annual average temperature in the municipality is 27.3 °C (81.1 °F). January is the coolest month having an average temperature of 25.8 °C (78.4 °F), while April is the warmest month registering an average temperature of 29 °C (84 °F).

## Demographics

In the 2020 census, Nasugbu had a population of 136,524. The population density was 490 inhabitants per square kilometer (1,300/sq mi).
Most of the people in Nasugbu are Tagalogs. In recent years, there's been a noticeable increase of Visayans in Barangay Wawa and other barangays. The main language spoken is Tagalog, and a significant number now speaks Cebuano and Hiligaynon. Due to the historic relevance of the town, a small number of families speak Spanish. Many among the educated class speak English.
A great majority of Nasugbugueños are Catholics. Although there is a legislated separation of church and state in the Philippines, the town fiesta on December 3 is a holiday. Nasugbu is also one of the most important centres of the Roman Catholic Church in the Archdiocese of Lipa. Though officially called Vicariate I, it is sometimes called the Vicariate of San Francisco Xavier in honour of the town's patron saint. Some barangays have their own respective patron saints and celebrate a feast day other than that of Saint Francis Xavier's.
With the growing number of Catholic faithfuls in the town, it has been proposed that Saint Francis Xavier Parish would be divided into two. The proposed new parish is to be called the Parish of San Antonio de Padua and would have its parochial church at barangay Kaylaway. As of today, San Antonio de Padua functions as parish with its own council and ministries.
The minority belong to other minor religions like the indigenous Iglesia ni Cristo; The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons); Evangelical Christianity; and the UCCP.

## Economy

Poverty incidence of Nasugbu
* 5
* 10
* 15
* 20
* 2006 8.70
* 2009 17.33
* 2012 15.32
* 2015 12.74
* 2018 13.21
* 2021 7.11
* Source: Philippine Statistics Authority
In Presidential Decree 1520, president Ferdinand Marcos declared some areas of the municipality as a potential tourism area. Since then, Nasugbu has had a tourism industry focused primarily on its beaches. Its proximity to Manila makes it a popular choice.
Some economic highlights are the development of Nasugbu's agro-industrial industry (feed mills, meat processing, and poultry-growing) by building more farm-to-market roads. Hiking in the mountains and virgin forests around Nasugbu is popular. One particular spot, Karakawa, is a series of multi-tiered naturally formed rock pools hewn out of the mountain. The smallest pool is about the size of a Jacuzzi, while the biggest measures about 25 square meters (270 sq ft). The pools are more than 6 meters (20 ft) deep, and one can catch fish in the pools.

### Agriculture

At the moment, because of its rolling terrain and coastline location, agriculture (sugarcane, rice, corn, vegetables, coconut, fruits), and aquaculture are Nasugbu's main industries. It was home to the Central Azucarera Don Pedro, one of the country's largest sugar producers. Roxas Holdings Incorporated on March 29, 2024 permanently closed its wholly owned subsidiary, the 97-year-old Central Azucarera Don Pedro in Nasugbu where Manny Pangilinan is vice-chairman. Founded in 1927, CADPI's "serious business losses" resulted in the termination of all its employees. In 2023, it shut down its milling operations and sold its sugarcane mill in Nasugbu, Batangas to Universal Robina Corporation, which operates a sugar mill in nearby Balayan, Batangas.
Being home to one of the largest sugar milling companies of the country, the production of sweets is a significant portion of the local economy. Nasugbu is the only town in Luzon which hosts a bibingkahan (rice cake area) in its public market. There are at least 10 kinds of rice cakes that are found only in Nasugbu, in addition to the varieties that could be found elsewhere in the country. Many Nasugbugueños, even those who do not do much cooking, take pride in making a variety of sweets such as sweetened yam, sweetened coconut, and similar products.

### Tourism

Nasugbu has built a reputation as a resort town known for its beaches.
On August 3, 2007, by Executive Order 647, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo declared Nasugbu, known for its white sand beach resorts, a special tourism zone, mandating the formation of a private sector-led "Nasugbu eminent persons group" to oversee development. The Nasugbu Special Tourism Zone will cover areas included in the Nasugbu Tourism Development Plan prepared by the municipal government and validated by the Philippine Tourism Authority (PTA). SM Investments Corp. (SMIC) built a 59 km$^2$ (23 sq mi) resort, the Hamilo Coast, at the NSTZ. Also included in the tourism zone are Punta Fuego and Mounts Palay-Palay–Mataas-na-Gulod Protected Landscape where Mount Pico de Loro is located.

## Cultural and historical significance

There are no historical documents recounting Nasugbu's foundation. The earliest written records of the place are of the founding by the Jesuits of the Parish of St. Francis Xavier in 1852.
Nasugbu did not become an important commercial center due to the proximity of Balayan.
The first historical account of this town relates to when a native tribesman, known only as Matienza, led his fellow Nasugbugueños, together with some natives from the nearby Lian, in revolt against a large land grant to the Roxases. This revolt failed. This happened in the latter part of the 19th century.
Nasugbu was not as much irrigated as the fields of nearby towns, making it one of the towns that suffered much when the town of Lipa was besieged on June 18, 1896. Ten days later the effects for the people of Nasugbu were so dire that the Gobernadorcillo authorised taking 1,000 pesos from the treasury of Lipa to provide a rice subsidy for the Nasugbugueños.
When the revolution officially started in Batangas in September 1896, an organised revolt also broke out in the town of Nasugbu, together with the towns of Balayan, Lian, Talisay, and Lemery seven weeks later. The Revolt of Nasugbu was led by Luciano San Miguel and was one of the largest revolts in the province. However, on December 12, 1896, San Miguel unknowingly led his men into a trap, and Nasugbu suffered the greatest number of casualties in the revolution.
In September 1898, the town of Cauit (Kawit) in Cavite declared independence from Spanish rule. This made the life of the Caviteños more tumultuous than before. Due to this, the people of the nearby town of Alfonso invaded the Roxas estate and started to harass the tenants there. Although the municipal officials of Nasugbu responded quickly and complained to their counterparts in Cavite, the citizens were already defying authority.
On March 28, 1903, the adjacent municipality of Lian was merged with Nasugbu. It later separated from Nasugbu effective January 1, 1915 by virtue of Executive Order No. 127 signed by Governor-General Francis Burton Harrison four days prior, restoring its independent municipality status.
During times of war, Batangas was administered by the Governor General and the right of habeas corpus was suspended, resulting in more casualties.

### Archeological significance
#### The Nasugbu Cow

The Dark Age of Nasugbu was compensated by a great archaeological discovery. According to the National Museum of the Philippines, a group of scientists found a wooden cow a year before the Second World War. Knowing that it was of great significance to the history of the country, the cow was immediately handed over the National Museum, but it did not survive the destruction of the war. However, a year after the war, a new archaeological artifact was excavated in the nearby town of Calatagan, which in turn became the most important prehistoric artifact of the country.

#### The San Diego Ship Wreck
## Government
### Local government

In the May 2019 elections, Antonio "Tony" Barcelon won the mayoralty seat. Just like other municipalities, the local government is headed by the mayor, with the vice mayor serving as the deputy and the presiding officer of the eight-seat Nasugbu Municipal Council.

## Education

Nasugbu West Central School is the largest elementary school in the Southern Tagalog region. Other elementary schools in the town proper include Lourderette School, Pedagogia, Saint Paul's, RB Cordero Academy and Creative Dreams School. Most barangays have their own grade schools, and some in recent years also have high schools, as in Bilaran and Kaylaway.
Nasugbu Institute, founded in 1932, is a private high school. Nasugbu also hosts the high school campus of the Batangas State University, known locally as the Apolinario R. Apacible School of Fisheries (or simply "Fisheries"). It was formerly a fishery school with courses including Fish Culture, Fish Capture, and Fish Preservation, but was later attached to the Batangas State University. Presently, aside from Fishery courses, the school also offers other courses like Nutrition and Dietetics, Nursing, Education, and Tourism. Other relatively new high schools are Nasugbu Christian Faith Academy, Adelaido A. Bayot Memorial School, and the RB Cordero Academy. Other schools in Nasugbu include Nasugbu East Central School, Nasugbu West Central School, Nicolites Montessori School, Pantalan Elementary School, and Bilaran Elementary School and many others.
The town is home to the Nasugbu Auditorium, where many cultural activities regularly are held. It is the town's primary theatre and showcases not only plays but also concerts of popular artists and bands.