# Laterculus Veronensis

The Laterculus Veronensis or Verona List is a list of Roman provinces and barbarian peoples from the time of the emperors Diocletian and Constantine I, most likely from AD 314.
The list is transmitted only in a 7th-century manuscript preserved in the Chapter Library of Verona. The most recent critical edition is that of Timothy Barnes (1982). Earlier editions include those by Theodor Mommsen (1862), Otto Seeck in his edition of the Notitia dignitatum (1876), and Alexander Riese in his Geographi Latini minores (1878).

## Description

The document comprises a list of the names of all the provinces of the empire (c. 100 in total), organised according to the twelve newly created regional groupings called dioceses. Although the dioceses are presented in a single list, they are not ordered in a single geographical sequence but rather in two separate eastern and western groups, the eastern group (Oriens, Pontica, Asiana, Thraciae, Moesiae, Pannoniae) preceding the western (Britanniae, Galliae, Viennensis, Italiae, Hispaniae, Africa). The split is apparent from the discontinuity midway in the list between the dioceses of Pannoniae and Britanniae. The eastern half of the list circles the Mediterranean neatly anticlockwise from south to north or, in continental terms, from Africa, through Asia, to Europe. The arrangement of the western half is less tidy, though it is approximately anticlockwise from north to south, or from Europe to Africa.
The barbarian peoples listed may in some instance have lived outside of the provincial structure of the empire, but they are all clearly regarded as living within the empire. Even in the cases of those barbarians clearly living within provinces, however, the Laterculus suggests that a meaningful distinction was drawn between "civilized" and "uncivilized" areas.

## Date

Theodor Mommsen had dated the provincial situation in the list to 297, but later research changed the estimate to 314–324 for the Eastern Half and 303–314 for the Western Half of the Roman empire. The most recent work by Timothy Barnes and Constantin Zuckerman concludes that the entire document belongs to a single moment, c. 314, the eastern and western parts corresponding to the respective spheres of responsibility of the emperors Licinius and Constantine during the period between Licinius' defeat of Maximinus Daza in 313 and his own defeat in his first civil war with Constantine in 316–317.

## Text

The text on the left is the original Latin, divided into lines beginning with capital letters. The original text uses the interpunct (·) to separate entries and is mostly unicase. The text on the right is an English translation.
Latin original
    Incipit eiusdem nomina prouinciarum omnium.
    Diocensis Orientis habet prouincias numero XVIII
       Libia superior
       Libia inferior
       Thebais
       Aegyptus iouia
       Aegyptus herculea
       Arabia
       item Arabia
       Augusta libanensis
       Palestina
       Fenicen
       Syria ecohele
       Augusta eupatenses
       Cilicia
       Isauria
       Tupus
       Mesopotamia
       Osroaena
    Diocensis Pontica habet prouincias numero VII
       Bitinia
       Cappadocia
       Galatia
       Pamplagonia, nunc in duas diuisa
       Diospontus
       Pontus polemiacus
       Armenia minor, nunc et maior addita
    Diocensis Asiana habet prouincias numero VIIII
       Phanfilia
       Frigia prima
       Frigia secunda
       Assa
       Lidia
       Caria
       Insuluae
       Fisidae
       Ellespontus
    Diocensis Tracoae habet prouincias numero VI
       Europa
       Rodope
       Tracia
       Emossanus
       Scitia
       Misia inferior
    Diocensis Misiarum habet prouincias numero XI
       Dacias
       Misia superior margensis
       Dardania
       Macedonia
       Tessalia
       Priantina
       Priualentina
       Epiros noua
       Epiros uetus
       Creta
    Diocensis Pannoniarum habet prouincias numero VII
       Pannonia inferior
       Fauensis
       Dalmatia
       Ualeria
       Pannonia superior
       Noricus pariensis
       Noricus mediterranea
    Diocensis Brittaniarum habet prouincias numero VI
       Primam
       Secundam
       Maxime caesariensis
       Aelauiae caesariensis
    Diocensis Galliarum habet prouincias numero VIII
       Betica prima
       Betica secunda
       Germania prima
       Germania secunda
       Sequania
       Lubdunensis prima
       Lubdunensis secunda
       Alpes graiae et poeninae
    Diocensis Biennensis habet prouincias numero VII
       Biennensis
       Narbonensis prima
       Narbonensis secunda
       Nouem populi
       Aquitanica prima
       Aquitanica secunda
       Alpes maritimas
    Diocensis Italiciana habet prouincias numero XVI
       Beteiam histriam
       Flaminiam picenum
       Tusciam umbrenam
       Apuliam calabriam
       Licaoniam
       Corsicam
       Alpes cotias
       Retica
    Diocensis Hispaniarum habet prouincias numero VI
       Beticam
       Lusitaniam
       Kartaginiensis
       Gallecia
       Tharraconensis
       Mauritania tingitania
    Diocensis Africae habet prouincias numero VII
       Proconsularis
       Bizacina
       Zeugitana
       Numidia cirtensis
       Numidia miliciana
       Mauritania caesariensis
       Mauritania tabia insidiana
    Felix saeculum.
    Gentes barbarae, quae pullulauerunt sub imperatoribus
       Scoti
       Picti
       Calidoni
       Rugi
       Heruli
       Saxones
       Camari
       Crinsiani
       Amsiuari
       Angri angriuari
       Fleui
       Bructeri
       Cati
       Burgunziones
       Alamanni
       Sueui
       Franci
       Gallouari
       Iotungi
       Armilausini
       Marcomanni
       Quadi
       Taifruli
       Hermundubi
       Uandali
       Sarmatae
       Sciri
       Carpi
       Scitae
       Gothi
       Indii
       Armeni
       Horro [ ]
       Palmoerni
       Mosoritae
       Marmeritae
       Theui
       Isaur [ ]
       Friges
       Persae
    Item gentes, quae in Mauretaniae sunt
       Mauri gensani
       Mauri mazazeses
       Mauri baueres
       Mauri bacautes
       Celtitibari
       Turini
       Ausitani
       Calpitani
       Cantabri
       Enantes
    Nomina ciuitatum, trans Renum fluuium quae sunt
       Usiphorum [Usipiorum]
       Tuuanium [Tubantum]
       Nictrensium
       Nouarii
       Casuariorum [Chasuariorum]
    Istae omnes ciuitates trans Renum in formulam Belgicae primae redactae. Trans castellum Montiacesenam LXXX leugas trans Renum Romani possederunt. Istae ciuitates sub Gallieno imperatore a barbaris occupatae sunt. Leuga una habet mille quingentos passus. Explicit.
English translation
    Here begins the names of all the provinces.
    The diocese of the East has 18 provinces [only 17 listed]:
       Libya Superior
       Libya Inferior
       Thebais
       Aegyptus Iovia
       Aegyptus Herculea
       Arabia Nova
       Arabia
       Augusta Libanensis
       Syria Palaestina
       Phoenice
       Syria Coele
       Augusta Euphratensis
       Cilicia
       Isauria
       Cyprus
       Mesopotamia
       Osroene
    The diocese of Pontus has 7 provinces:
       Bithynia
       Cappadocia
       Galatia
       Paphlagonia, now [after 384] divided in two
       Diospontus
       Pontus Polemoniacus
       Armenia Minor, now [after 381] greatly expanded
    The diocese of Asia has 9 provinces:
       Lycia et Pamphylia
       Phrygia Prima
       Phrygia Secunda
       Asia
       Lydia
       Caria
       the Islands
       Pisidia
       Hellespontus
    The diocese of Thrace has 6 provinces:
       Europa
       Rhodope
       Thracia
       Haemimontus
       Scythia
       Moesia Inferior
    The diocese of the Moesias has 11 provinces:
       Dacia and Dacia Ripensis
       Moesia Superior
       Dardania
       Macedonia
       Thessalia
       Achaea
       Praevalitana
       Epirus Nova
       Epirus Vetus
       Creta
    The diocese of the Pannonias has 7 provinces:
       Pannonia Inferior
       Savensis
       Dalmatia
       Valeria
       Pannonia Superior
       Noricum Ripense
       Noricum Mediterraneum
    The diocese of the Britains has 6 provinces [only 4 listed]:
       Britannia Prima
       Britannia Secunda
       Maxima Caesariensis
       Flavia Caesariensis
    The diocese of the Gauls has 8 provinces:
       Belgica Prima
       Belgica Secunda
       Germania Prima
       Germania Secunda
       Sequania
       Lugdunensis Prima
       Lugdunensis Secunda
       Alpes Graiae et Poeninae
    The diocese of Viennensis has 7 provinces:
       Viennensis
       Narbonensis Prima
       Narbonensis Secunda
       Novem Populi
       Aquitanica Prima
       Aquitanica Secunda
       Alpes Maritimae
    The Italian diocese has 16 provinces [only 8 listed]:
       Venetia et Histria
       Flaminia et Picenum
       Tuscia et Umbria
       Apulia et Calabria
       Lucania et Bruttii
       Corsica
       Alpes Cottiae
       Raetia
    The diocese of the Spains has 6 provinces:
       Baetica
       Lusitania
       Carthaginiensis
       Gallaecia
       Tarraconensis
       Mauretania Tingitana
    The diocese of Africa has 7 provinces:
       Africa Proconsularis
       Valeria Byzacena
       Tripolitana
       Numidia Cirtensis
       Numidia Militiana
       Mauretania Caesariensis
       Mauretania Sitifensis
    A happy age.
    Barbarian peoples who grew under the dominion of the emperors:
       Scoti
       Picti
       Caledonii
       Rugii
       Heruli
       Saxones
       Chamavi
       ?Frisiavi
       Amsivarii
       Angrivarii
       Bructeri
       Chatti
       Burgundiones
       Alamanni
       Suebi
       Franci
       Chattuarii
       Iuthungi
       Armilausini
       Marcomanni
       Quadi
       Taifali
       Hermunduri
       Vandali
       Sarmatae
       Sciri
       Carpi
       Scythae
       Gothi
       ?Venedi
       Armenii
       Osrhoeni
       Palmyreni
       Marmeridae
       ?Nabataeans
       Isauri
       Phryges
       Persae
    The peoples that are in Mauretania:
       Quinquegentiani
       Mazices
       Barbares
       Bacuates
       Celtiberi
       ?Astures/?Turdetani
       Ausetani
       Carpetani
       Cantabri
       Edetani
    The names of cities that are across the river Rhine:
       [city] of the Usipetes
       [city] of the Tubantes
       [city] of the ?Tencteri
       [city] of the ?Novantae
       [city] of the Chasuarii
    All these cities across the Rhine were received into the rule of Belgica Prima. Across from the fortress of Mogontiacum, the Romans possessed 80 leagues beyond the Rhine. Under the Emperor Gallienus, these cities were occupied by barbarians. One league has one thousand five hundred paces [i.e., 1.5 Roman miles]. Explicit.