OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jean Casimir-Perier

Jean Paul Pierre Casimir-Perier (French:; 8 November 1847 – 11 March 1907) was a French politician who served as President of France from June 1894 to January 1895.

## Biography

Jean Casimir-Perier was born in Paris on 8 November 1847, the son of Auguste Casimir-Perier, the grandson of Casimir Pierre Perier, premier of Louis Philippe, and the great grandson of Claude Périer, one of the founders of the Bank of France. He entered public life as secretary to his father, who was Minister of the Interior under the presidency of Thiers.
In 1874 he was elected General Councillor of the Aube département, and was sent by the same département to the Chamber of Deputies in the general elections of 1876, and he was always re-elected until his presidency. In spite of the traditions of his family, Casimir-Perier joined the group of Republicans on the Left, and was one of the 363 on the Seize-Mai (1877). He refused to vote the "expulsion of the Princes" in 1883, and resigned as Deputy upon the enactment of the law (26 June 1886) because of his personal connections with the family of Orléans.
On 17 August 1883 he became Under-Secretary of State for War, a post he retained until 7 January 1885. From 1890 to 1892 he was Vice President of the Chamber, then in 1893 President. On 3 December he became President of the council, holding the department of Foreign Affairs, resigned in May 1894, and was re-elected President of the Chamber.
On 24 June 1894, after the assassination of President Carnot, he was elected President of the Republic by 451 votes against 195 for Henri Brisson and 97 for Charles Dupuy. His presidency lasted only six months. The resignation of the Dupuy ministry on 14 January 1895 was followed the next day by that of the President. Casimir-Perier explained his action by the fact that he found himself ignored by the ministers, who did not consult him before taking decisions, and did not keep him informed upon political events, especially in foreign affairs.
From that time he completely abandoned politics, and devoted himself to business – especially mining. At the trial of Alfred Dreyfus at Rennes, Casimir-Perier's evidence, as opposed to that of General Mercier, was of great value to the cause of Dreyfus.
Casimir-Perier died on 11 March 1907 in Paris of angina pectoris.
As of 2024, of all Presidents of France through its history, Casimir-Perier had the shortest presidency.

## Casimir-Perier's Ministry, 3 December 1893 – 30 May 1894

* Jean Casimir-Perier – President of the Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs
* Auguste Mercier – Minister of War
* David Raynal – Minister of the Interior
* Auguste Burdeau – Minister of Finance
* Antonin Dubost – Minister of Justice
* Jean Marty – Minister of Commerce, Industry, and Colonies
* Auguste Alfred Lefèvre – Minister of Marine
* Eugène Spuller – Minister of Public Instruction, Fine Arts, and Worship
* Albert Viger – Minister of Agriculture
* Charles Jonnart – Minister of Public Works
Changes
* 20 March 1894 – Jean Marty becomes Minister of Posts and Telegraphs as well as Minister of Commerce and Industry. Ernest Boulanger succeeds Marty as Minister of Colonies.
# István Nagy (footballer, born 1986)

István Nagy (born 16 May 1986) is a Hungarian football player who plays for Bölcskei SE.
# Bert Steines

Bert Steines (30 December 1929 – 21 September 1998) was a German hurdler. He competed in the men's 110 metres hurdles at the 1956 Summer Olympics.
# Winterspelt (film)

Winterspelt is a 1978 West German war film directed by Eberhard Fechner [de] and starring Ulrich von Dobschütz [de], Hans Christian Blech, George Sewell, Garrick Hagon, David Healy, George Roubicek, Frederick Jaeger, Katharina Thalbach and Henning Schlüter [de]. It is set during the Second World War. It was also released as Winterspelt 1944.

## Plot

The film is set in September 1944, when a German Wehrmacht officer tries to surrender his unit, stationed in the German village of Winterspelt, to nearby American forces.
# Alexander Tchigir

Alexander Tchigir (Aleksandr Chigir; born 6 November 1968 in Moscow) is a Russian and later German water polo player who competed in the 1992 Summer Olympics, in the 2004 Summer Olympics, and in the 2008 Summer Olympics.
# Malgosia Fitzmaurice

Malgosia A. Fitzmaurice (born 20 July 1955 as Małgorzata Lachs) is a Polish lawyer who is professor of public international law at Queen Mary University of London. She is an international lawyer with a specialist interest in marine environmental matters, the law of treaties, and indigenous peoples.

## Early life and education

Malgosia Fitzmaurice was born at Łódź, Poland on 20 July 1955 to Manfred Lachs. She studied Law at the University of Warsaw, graduating in 1977. I.n 1980 she obtained her Ph.D at the same university, and became a member of the Polish Bar.

## Career

In 2000, Fitzmaurice was appointed to the Professorship of International Law at Queen Mary University of London. She became The Nippon Foundation Professor of Marine Environmental Law at the International Maritime Law Institute in October 2012. She was elected to Associate membership of the Institut de Droit International in 2019. In 2021, Fitzmaurice was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Neuchâtel.

## Writing

* International Environmental Protection of the Baltic Sea (Martinus Nijhoff)
* International Protection of the Environment (RCADI 2002)
* Watercourse Cooperation in Northern Europe - A Model for the Future (with O.Elias) (TMC Asser Press 2004)
* Contemporary Issues in International Environmental Law (Edward Elgar 2009)
* Contemporary Issues in the Law of Treaties (with O. Elias) (Eleven Publishing 2005)
* The International Protection of the Environment (RCADI 2002)
* Whaling and International Law (Cambridge University Press 2015)
* Whaling in Antarctic: Significance and Implications of the ICJ Judgment (with Dai Tamada as co-editor) (Brill/Nijhoff 2016)
* Treaties in Motion: The Evolution of Treaties from Formation to Termination (with Panos Merkouris), published by Cambridge University Press in 2020.
# Ben Davidson (rugby league)

Benjamin Alfred Davidson (1902–1961) was a New Zealand rugby league footballer who represented New Zealand.
His brother Bill also represented New Zealand and another brother, George, played for Auckland and competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics as a sprinter.

## Playing career

Alongside his brothers, Davidson played for the City Rovers in the Auckland Rugby League competition. He played for Auckland City in 1923 against the touring Great Britain Lions.
He was selected for the New Zealand national rugby league team on their 1926-27 tour of Great Britain.
Along with Lou Brown and Len Mason, Davidson was signed by Wigan after the tour. Davidson played there for three seasons, scoring 31 tries in 69 games.
He then returned to Auckland. Davidson again made the Auckland side and in 1932 played for New Zealand against the Great Britain Lions. He finished his test career having played in four matches.

### Coaching career

In 1931 Ben Davidson coached the Northland representative side for 2 weeks to help them prepare for their Northern Union Challenge Cup match with South Auckland. Northland won the game 16-8. Three years later in 1934 he coached the City Rovers club for the season in the Auckland Rugby League competition.
# Sweet Lips

Sweet Lips or Sweetlips may refer to:
* Sweet Lips, Tennessee, an unincorporated community in Chester County
* "Sweet Lips", a song by Monaco (band)
* Sweet Lips, George Washington's dog, see United States presidential pets
* Sweetlips (fish), a common name for the fishes in the subfamily Plectorhynchinae
* Sweet Lips, an experimental pop duo from Toronto, Canada
# In It to Win It (Saliva album)

In It to Win It is the eighth studio album by American rock band Saliva. It is the first album to feature singer Bobby Amaru, after Josey Scott left the band in 2012 and is their last to feature bassist Dave Novotny. The album was temporarily released via Rum Bum Records on September 3, 2013. The album is no longer available for purchase as the band re-released the album in 2014 as Rise Up. The re-release features all of the original album's songs except for "Animal", "Flesh", and "I.D.N.A.E". It is also their only studio album on Rum Bum Records.

## Track listing

Notes
* "I.D.N.A.E." is an acronym for "I Don't Need Another Enemy".

## Personnel

* Bobby Amaru – lead vocals
* Wayne Swinny – guitars, backing vocals
* Dave Novotny – bass, backing vocals
* Paul Crosby – drums
# Polyeuctus of Sphettus

Polyeuctus (Greek: Πολύευκτος, romanized: Polýeuktos; c. 400 – after 324 BC) was an Athenian orator and a political ally of his contemporary Demosthenes. He belonged to the deme of Sphettus.

## Life

Polyeuctus was born in Athens, in the deme of Sphettus. He collaborated with Demosthenes in opposing the pro-Macedonian party and in convincing the people to make war on Philip II's Macedon. In 343–342 BC he accompanied Demosthenes on his embassy to the cities of the Peloponnese. In 324 BC he was impeached together with Demosthenes over the Harpalus affair. In 321 BC he was ambassador to Arcadia.
Plutarch, reporting a statement by Aristo of Chios, writes that Polyeuctus once declared that Demosthenes was the greatest (μέγιστον) orator, but that it was Phocion who was the most influential (δυνατώτατον), since he conveyed the most meaning in the fewest words.
Polyeuctus was very corpulent, for which he was mocked by Phocion. The playwright Anaxandrides attacked his love of luxury. The orations of Polyeuctus are mentioned by Aristotle and Diogenes Laertius; and a fragment of an oration against Demades has been handed down by Apsines.
# Nenggiri

Nenggiri is a state constituency in Kelantan, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Kelantan State Legislative Assembly.
The state constituency was first contested in 2004 and is mandated to return a single Assemblyman to the Kelantan State Legislative Assembly under the first-past-the-post voting system.

## Demographics

Ethnic breakdown of Nenggiri's electorate as of 2023

## History
### Polling Districts

According to the Gazette issued on 30 March 2018, the Nenggiri constituency has a total of 20 polling districts.
| State Constituency | Polling Districts | Code | Location |
| Nenggiri (N43) | Tohoi | 032/43/01 | SK Tohoi |
| Nenggiri (N43) | Pos Simpor | 032/43/02 | Dewan Orang Ramai Pos Simpor |
| Nenggiri (N43) | Sungai Puian | 032/43/03 | Pusat Pendidikan Komuniti Pos Gob |
| Nenggiri (N43) | Sungai Jenera | 032/43/04 | SK Sri Permai (JHEOA) |
| Nenggiri (N43) | Sungai Wias | 032/43/05 | SK Pulat |
| Nenggiri (N43) | Jerek | 032/43/06 | SK Jerek |
| Nenggiri (N43) | Bertam Baru | 032/43/07 | SK Bertam |
| Nenggiri (N43) | Pasir Tumboh | 032/43/08 | SK Pasir Tumboh |
| Nenggiri (N43) | Ladang SEDC | 032/43/09 | SK Sungai Terah |
| Nenggiri (N43) | Jeram Tekoh | 032/43/10 | SK Jeram Tekoh |
| Nenggiri (N43) | Sungai Asap | 032/43/11 | SMK Sungai Asap |
| Nenggiri (N43) | Renok | 032/43/12 | SK Renok Baru |
| Nenggiri (N43) | Kuala Sungai | 032/43/13 | SK Kuala Sungai |
| Nenggiri (N43) | Bertam Lama | 032/43/14 | TABIKA Sri Bakawali |
| Nenggiri (N43) | Star | 032/43/15 | SK Star |
| Nenggiri (N43) | Perasu | 032/43/16 | SK Perasu |
| Nenggiri (N43) | Serian | 032/43/17 | Balai Raya Kampung Batu 12 Serian |
| Nenggiri (N43) | Meranto | 032/43/18 | SK Meranto |
| Nenggiri (N43) | KESEDAR Limau Kasturi | 032/43/19 | SK Limau Kasturi (2) |
| Nenggiri (N43) | Limau Kasturi | 032/43/20 | SK Limau Kasturi (1) |

### Representation History

Members of the Legislative Assembly for Nenggiri :
| Assembly | Years | Member | Party |
| Constituency split from Dabong ||||
| 11th | 2004–2008 | Mat Yusoff Abdul Ghani | BN (UMNO) |
| 12th | 2008–2013 | Mat Yusoff Abdul Ghani | BN (UMNO) |
| 13th | 2013–2018 | Mat Yusoff Abdul Ghani | BN (UMNO) |
| 13th | 2018 | Vacant | Vacant |
| 14th | 2018–2023 | Ab Aziz Yusoff | BN (UMNO) |
| 15th | 2023–2024 | Mohd Azizi Abu Naim | PN (BERSATU) |
| 15th | 2024 | Mohd Azizi Abu Naim | Independent |
| 15th | 2024–present | Mohd Azmawi Fikri Abdul Ghani | BN (UMNO) |
# Bruno Guse

Bruno Guse (born 13 July 1939) is a German former boxer. He competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics and the 1964 Summer Olympics. At the 1960 Summer Olympics, he lost to Yuri Radonyak of the Soviet Union, and at the 1964 Summer Olympics, he lost to Ričardas Tamulis, also of the Soviet Union.
# Gözeler, Ovacık

Gözeler (Kurdish: Munzur Bawa) is a village in the Ovacık District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Beytan tribe and had a population of 89 in 2021.
The hamlets of Çayır, Yeniköy and Yılanlı are attached to the village.
# Alfred Baum (athlete)

Alfred Baum (born 10 February 1952 in Wickede) is a West German retired slalom canoeist who competed from the late 1960s to the mid-1970s. He won a bronze medal in the K-1 team event at the 1971 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships in Meran. Baum also finished fifth in the K-1 event at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.
# Charles-Axel Guillaumot

Charles-Axel Guillaumot (French pronunciation:; Stockholm, February 1730 - Paris, 1807) was a French architect.

## Life

Born in Stockholm to French parents, he entered the Académie royale d'architecture in 1770. He was made the first Inspecteur Général des Carrières de Paris when it was created by a decree of Louis XVI on 4 April 1777 and held the post until 1791 and then from 1796 until his death (the longest-ever holder of the office). In this role he mapped the mines of Paris to enable better maintenance of public roads and royal buildings (he did not look into ones on private land), to reduce the risk of cave-ins and to re-use them as ossuaries (becoming the Catacombs of Paris). He was also Administrateur de la manufacture des Gobelins. He was buried in the cimetière Sainte-Marguerite, whose remains were later transferred into the ossuaries he had helped create.

## Main projects

* 1754-1756: 3 barracks for the Swiss Guards:
** Rueil-Malmaison, what is now Guynemer, part of the Musée des Gardes suisses.
** the former caserne Charras in Courbevoie, inscribed as a 'Monument historique' in 1929, demolished in 1962, façade rebuilt in the park of the château de Bécon
** Saint-Denis, destroyed in 1962
* Caserne de Joigny, in what is now quartier Dubois-Thainville
* Abbot's Palace in Vezelay (destroyed in 1792)
# Watchet Harbour Lighthouse

The Watchet Harbour Lighthouse is a marine navigational aid marking the entrance to a Marina within the town of Watchet, in Somerset, England.

## History

In the 1850s the West Somerset Mineral Railway was nearing completion. Parts of the harbour had fallen into disrepair, and boats were beached and loaded direct from carts brought onto the foreshore. It was recognised that improvements were needed for the sake of the prosperity of the town and the export of iron ore from ironstone mines in the Brendon Hills to Newport and thence to Ebbw Vale for smelting.
The Watchet Harbour Act 1857 (20 & 21 Vict. c. cxli) placed the harbour under the control of commissioners; they built a new east pier and rebuilt the west pier; the work was finished in 1862, and 500 ton vessels could enter the harbour. The west pier on which the lighthouse stands was constructed in 1860, at the same time as the current east pier, by Hennets of Bridgwater, and rebuilt in 1905.
Tenders for the new lighthouse at the end of the harbour wall were placed in 1860. Three bids were received. The design by Isambard Kingdom Brunel was rejected in favour of one by James Abernethy. This was built by Hennet, Spinks and Else of Bridgwater for £75. The cast iron structure was topped with an oil lamp.
In September 2012, Princess Anne unveiled a plaque to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the lighthouse.

## Structure and operation

The cast iron lighthouse is approximately 22 feet (6.7 m) in height and has a red hexagonal tower with white lantern, and green lens.
The lighthouse is a harbour navigation mark and does not emit a flashing light associated with traditional lighthouses. Instead it displays a fixed green luminaire marking the starboard (right hand side) approach to the marina.
# Bruno Splieth

Bruno Splieth (20 January 1917 – 20 July 1990) was a German sailor who competed in the 1960 Summer Olympics and in the 1964 Summer Olympics.
# Alfred Kraus

Alfred Kraus (16 January 1924 – 17 March 2005) was a German footballer. He played club football with Eintracht Frankfurt.
Alfred Kraus, nicknamed Bubi, debuted in 1941, aged 17 in a cup tie at GfL Darmstadt and right away scored 4 goals. From 1941 until 1944 he was Eintracht's top goal scorer with 20 goals or more. In the same year a newspaper report about his goalscoring touch against Hanau 93 almost caused him trouble. This report had been put in his health registration and his name underlined in red which meant that a person was supposed to be drafted to the World War II front line. During a second physical examination the sergeant left Kraus alone and hid the underlined newspaper report in his chest pocket. In 2003 Kraus stated that he still owns this newspaper report. In 1942 Eintracht caretaker Willi Balles managed to move Kraus from his assignment in a march battalion to another one as court clerk in Frankfurt where he could continue playing football. In April 1943 Eintracht played a cup match against TSG Bensheim and Kraus scored 11 goals in a 14-0 victory. After World War II continued to play for Eintracht Frankfurt, only interrupted by a two season stint at Langenselbold. He worked as an accountant and ended his active football career in 1952. For many year Bubi Kraus, fellow Eintracht footballer Adolf Bechtold and track and field athlete Heinz Ulzheimer kept a tradition of playing tennis once a week at Eintracht club house in Riederwald. Bubi Kraus was honorary member at Eintracht Frankfurt.

## Sources

* Matheja, Ulrich (2011). Unsere Eintracht - Eintracht Frankfurt - Die Chronik. Die Werkstatt. ISBN 978-3-89533-750-5.
# Hanza, Rabor

Hanza (Persian: هنزا) is a city in, and the capital of, Hanza District of Rabor County, Kerman province, Iran. It also serves as the administrative center for Hanza Rural District.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, Hanza's population was 2,388 in 506 households, when it was a village in Hanza Rural District of the former Rabor District of Baft County. The following census in 2011 counted 1,309 people in 415 households, by which time the district had been separated from the county in the establishment of Rabor County. The rural district was transferred to the new Hanza District. The 2016 census measured the population as 1,452 people in 460 households, when the village been elevated to the status of a city.
# Alfred Friendly

Alfred Friendly (December 30, 1911 – November 7, 1983) was an American journalist, editor and writer for The Washington Post. He began his career as a reporter with the Post in 1939 and became Managing Editor in 1955. In 1967 he covered the Mideast War for the Post in a series of articles for which he won the Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting in 1968.

## Early life and education

Alfred Friendly was born on December 30, 1911, in Salt Lake City to Edward Rosenbaum and Harriet Friendly. In 1933, he graduated from Amherst College.

## Career

In 1933, Friendly came to Washington, DC, to look for work. A former professor who worked in the Commerce Department hired him, but his appointment to a high position at such a young age earned him criticism in the press and he resigned. For the next year he traveled the country in the middle of the Depression, eventually returning to become a reporter at The Washington Daily News, writing a column for government employees. Less than two years later he was hired to write the same kind of column for the Post, where he was soon assigned to cover war mobilization efforts and anti-war strikes.
When World War II broke out he entered the Army Air Force, rising to the rank of major before leaving in 1945. While in the military he was involved in cryptography and intelligence operations, finally becoming the second in command at Bletchley Park, and the highest ranking American officer there. After the war he remained in Europe as press aide to W. Averell Harriman, supervisor of the Marshall Plan.
A year later he returned to Washington and to the Post, where he became assistant managing editor in 1952 and managing editor in 1955. In 1966 he became an associate editor and a foreign correspondent based out of London. Hearing rumors of war in 1967 he headed to the Middle East where he was present throughout the 1967 War and wrote his series of award-winning articles. He retired from the Post in 1971, though he continued writing occasional editorials and book reviews.

## Personal life

Friendly married Jean; they had five children.
In 1983, at age 71, Friendly, who had developed both lung and throat cancer, committed suicide by shooting himself.

## Awards

* 1958: Honorary Doctorate, Amherst College
* 1968: Pulitzer Prize

## Legacy

After his death, the Alfred Friendly Foundation was established. It administers the Alfred Friendly Press Partners to bring foreign journalists to the United States for internships at prominent news organizations. The Archives and Special Collections at Amherst College holds a collection of his papers.

## Works

During his retirement, Friendly wrote several books:
* Crime and Publicity (1967)
* Beaufort of the Admiralty (1977)
* The Dreadful Day: The Battle of Manzikert, 1071 (1982)
Articles:
* "McCarthyism Revisited"
# Mike Burgess (intelligence chief)

Michael Paul Burgess AM is an Australian intelligence official, and the current Director-General of Security in charge of the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation (ASIO). Prior to his appointment to this role on 16 September 2019, Burgess was director-general of the Australian Signals Directorate (ASD).

## Early life

Burgess was born in England, and immigrated to Adelaide, South Australia in 1973 at the age of seven. He was the first member of his family to study in higher education, receiving a degree in electrical engineering from the South Australian Institute of Technology in 1988.

## Intelligence career

Burgess joined ASD (then called the Defence Signals Directorate) in 1995, and worked there for 18 years, most notably as Deputy Director for Cyber and Information Security, before leaving to work in the private sector. Working in the private sector, Burgess served as the Chief Information Security Officer at Telstra, before finding work as a cyber-security consultant and advisor. He also served on the Federal Government’s Naval Shipbuilding Advisory Board. In December 2017, he returned to ASD as Director-General. In August 2019, prime minister Scott Morrison and Minister for Home Affairs Peter Dutton announced Burgess had been appointed to replace the retiring Duncan Lewis as the head of ASIO.
In February 2022, Burgess announced that ASIO had foiled a plot by foreign interference that involved an attempt by a foreign government to install political candidates in the lead-up to the coming national election in Australia.
In February 2024, Burgess stated that an unnamed Australian politician has sold out Australia. The politician has been passing some information to foreign countries.

## Honours

In the 2024 King's Birthday Honours, he was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia for "For significant service to public administration, particularly national security and intelligence".
# Church of Reconciliation

Church of Reconciliation can refer to :