OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of top 25 singles for 2018 in Australia

The following lists the top 25 singles of 2018 in Australia from the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) end-of-year singles chart.
"Youngblood" was the top selling single of 2018 in Australia, spending eight consecutive weeks at No. 1 through the year and becoming the first local song to top the End of Year Singles chart since Anthony Callea's "The Prayer" in 2005.
| # | Title | Artist | Highest pos. reached |
| 1 | "Youngblood" | 5 Seconds of Summer | 1 |
| 2 | "God's Plan" | Drake | 1 |
| 3 | "Perfect" | Ed Sheeran | 1 |
| 4 | "Be Alright" | Dean Lewis | 1 |
| 5 | "Meant to Be" | Bebe Rexha featuring Florida Georgia Line | 2 |
| 6 | "I Fall Apart" | Post Malone | 2 |
| 7 | "Psycho" | Post Malone featuring Ty Dolla $ign | 1 |
| 8 | "Girls Like You" | Maroon 5 featuring Cardi B | 2 |
| 9 | "Shotgun" | George Ezra | 1 |
| 10 | "Eastside" | Benny Blanco, Halsey and Khalid | 2 |
| 11 | "Better Now" | Post Malone | 2 |
| 12 | "Rockstar" | Post Malone featuring 21 Savage | 1 |
| 13 | "Love Lies" | Khalid and Normani | 3 |
| 14 | "These Days" | Rudimental featuring Jess Glynne, Macklemore and Dan Caplen | 2 |
| 15 | "The Middle" | Zedd, Maren Morris and Grey | 7 |
| 16 | "In My Feelings" | Drake | 1 |
| 17 | "All the Stars" | Kendrick Lamar and SZA | 2 |
| 18 | "IDGAF" | Dua Lipa | 3 |
| 19 | "River" | Eminem featuring Ed Sheeran | 2 |
| 20 | "One Kiss" | Calvin Harris and Dua Lipa | 3 |
| 21 | "Sad!" | XXXTentacion | 4 |
| 22 | "Nice for What" | Drake | 1 |
| 23 | "Havana" | Camila Cabello featuring Young Thug | 1 |
| 24 | "This Is Me" | Keala Settle | 10 |
| 25 | "Shape of You" | Ed Sheeran | 1 |
# Bobby Hogue (politician)

Bobby L. Hogue (March 26, 1939 – January 2, 2023) was an American politician. He was a member of the Arkansas House of Representatives, serving from 1979 to 1998. Hogue was a member of the Democratic Party.
Hogue died on January 2, 2023, at the age of 83.
# Fritz Grösche

Fritz Grösche (3 October 1941 – 24 October 2010) was a German professional football player and coach.

## Career

Grösche played club football for Mindener SV, Westfalia Herne and SV Sodingen.
After retiring as a player, Grösche coached a number of German teams, including FC Gütersloh, TuS Schloß Neuhaus, SC Verl, Arminia Bielefeld and SC Wiedenbrück II.

## Death

Grösche died on 24 October 2010, from cancer, at the age of 69.
# Désiré Beaurain

Désiré Beaurain (2 September 1881 – 24 October 1963) was a Belgian fencer. He won a bronze medal at the 1908 Summer Olympics and a silver medal at the 1924 Summer Olympics.
# The Needles (Washington)

The Needles is an 8,160-foot (2,487-metre) granite mountain located in Okanogan County in Washington state. It is part of the Okanogan Range which is a sub-range of the North Cascades Range. The Needles is situated on land administered by the Okanogan–Wenatchee National Forest. Precipitation runoff from the peak drains into tributaries of the Methow River. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 3,660 feet (1,120 meters) above Pine Creek in approximately 1.25 mile (2 km). The nearest higher neighbor is Tower Mountain, 2.26 miles (3.64 km) to the southwest.

## Climate

The Needles is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Weather fronts originating in the north Pacific Ocean travel east toward the Cascade Mountains. As fronts approach the North Cascades, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range (orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the Cascades. As a result, the west side of the North Cascades experiences high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger. During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer.

## Geology

The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks, ridges, and deep glacial valleys. Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to the various climate differences.
The history of the formation of the Cascade Mountains dates back millions of years ago to the late Eocene Epoch. With the North American Plate overriding the Pacific Plate, episodes of volcanic igneous activity persisted. In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago. The Needles is carved mostly from granite of the Golden Horn batholith.
During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving deposits of rock debris. The U-shaped cross section of the river valleys is a result of recent glaciation. Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.

## Gallery

* The Needles from Wallaby Peak
* The Needles seen from Slate Peak
* The Needles from the PCT
# Franz Horn

Franz Horn (26 August 1904 – 22 September 1963) was a German international footballer. He was part of Germany's team at the 1928 Summer Olympics, but he did not play in any matches.
# James Martin Smith

James Martin Smith (December 12, 1892 – May 24, 1970) was an American civic, business, and religious leader in Arizona. The youngest Child of American frontiersman and Mormon Pioneer, Lot Smith, Smith was born in Tuba City, Arizona Territory, but spent most of his life in Central, Arizona. His mother name was Diantha Elizabeth Mortensen Smith, she was Lot Smith's 8th wife. James moved to Central after his father's death in a grazing conflict with Navajo Indians. He served in various county, state, and religious leadership positions, including Chairman of the Arizona State Highway Commission, Senator in the Arizona State Legislature, LDS Bishop of the Central Ward, and President of the St. Joseph Stake. He ran two unsuccessful Arizona gubernatorial campaigns in 1948 and 1950. He was a publisher of the Arizona Journal, a short lived statewide newspaper. He married Winnie Elizabeth Bigler in 1913 and was the father of nine children, eight sons and one daughter.
# Hargeville

Hargeville (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.
# Turning a blind eye

Turning a blind eye is an idiom describing the ignoring of undesirable information. The Oxford English Dictionary records usage of the phrase in 1698.
The phrase to turn a blind eye is often associated with Vice Admiral Horatio Nelson at the Battle of Copenhagen in 1801. An orchestrated version of what actually happened gives the story that during the battle, Admiral Sir Hyde Parker, in overall command of the British forces, sent a signal to Nelson's forces ordering them to discontinue the action. Naval orders were transmitted via a system of signal flags at that time. When this order was brought to Nelson's attention, he lifted his telescope up to his blind eye, saying, "I have a right to be blind sometimes. I really do not see the signal," and most of his forces continued to press home the attack. The frigates supporting the line of battle ships did break off, in one case suffering severe losses in the retreat.
There is a misconception that the order was to be obeyed at Nelson's discretion, but this is contradicted by the fact that it was a general order to all the attacking ships (some of whom did break off), and that later that day Nelson openly stated that he had "fought contrary to orders". Sir Hyde Parker was recalled in disgrace and Nelson was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the fleet following the battle.
# Gregory R. Becker

Gregory R. Becker (born April 5, 1954) is an American politician who served in the New York State Assembly from the 21st district from 1983 to 1998.

## Biography

Becker was born on April 5, 1954, in Lynbrook, New York. He attended Nassau County Community College and received his B.S. degree from Long Island University.
In 1998 and 2000, Becker unsuccessfully ran for Congress in New York's 4th congressional district against Democrat Carolyn McCarthy.
# Reversible Hill equation

The classic Monod–Wyman–Changeux model (MWC) for cooperativity is generally published in an irreversible form. That is, there are no product terms in the rate equation which can be problematic for those wishing to build metabolic models since there are no product inhibition terms. However, a series of publications by Popova and Sel'kov derived the MWC rate equation for the reversible, multi-substrate, multi-product reaction.
The same problem applies to the classic Hill equation which is almost always shown in an irreversible form. Hofmeyr and Cornish-Bowden first published the reversible form of the Hill equation. The equation has since been discussed elsewhere and the model has also been used in a number of kinetic models such as a model of Phosphofructokinase and Glycolytic Oscillations in the Pancreatic β-cells or a model of a glucose-xylose co-utilizing S. cerevisiae strain. The model has also been discussed in modern enzyme kinetics textbooks.

## Derivation

Consider the simpler case where there are two binding sites. See the scheme shown below. Each site is assumed to bind either molecule of substrate S or product P. The catalytic reaction is shown by the two reactions at the base of the scheme triangle, that is S to P and P to S. The model assumes the binding steps are always at equilibrium. The reaction rate is given by:
$v=k_{1}\left(ES+2ES_{2}+ESP\right)-k_{2}\left(EP+2EP_{2}+ESP\right)$
Invoking the rapid-equilibrium assumption we can write the various complexes in terms of equilibrium constants to give:
$v={\frac {V_{f}\sigma (1-\rho )(\sigma +\pi )}{1+(\sigma +\pi )^{2}}}$
where $\rho =\Gamma /K_{eq}$. The $\sigma$ and $\pi$ terms are the ratio of substrate and product to their respective half-saturation constants, namely $\sigma =S/S_{0.5}$ and $\pi =P/P_{0.5}$ and
Using the author's own notation, if an enzyme has $h$ sites that can bind ligand, the form, in the general case, can be shown to be:
$v={\frac {V_{f}\sigma (1-\rho )(\sigma +\pi )^{h-1}}{1+(\sigma +\pi )^{h}}}$
The non-cooperative reversible Michaelis-Menten equation can be seen to emerge when we set the Hill coefficient to one.
If the enzyme is irreversible the equation turns into the simple Michaelis-Menten equation that is irreversible. When setting the equilibrium constant to infinity, the equation can be seen to revert to the simpler case where the product inhibits the reverse step.
A comparison has been made between the MWC and reversible Hill equation.
A modification of the reversible Hill equation was published by Westermark et al where modifiers affected the catalytic properties instead. This variant was shown to provide a much better fit for describing the kinetics of muscle phosphofructokinase.
# W. L. Cook

W. L. "Tay" Cook (1894 – March 20, 1985) was an Arizona politician who served in the Arizona House of Representatives, and was Speaker of that body from 1957 to 1962.
Born in Arizona, Cook was a cattle buyer and rancher. In 1948, he was elected as a Democrat to represent Willcox, Cochise County, in the legislature. He remained in that body until 1962, when he made an unsuccessful bid for a seat in the state senate, thereafter serving several additional terms in the state house beginning in 1964. He was interred at Willcox Cemetery.
Cook died of a heart attack at his home in Willcox at the age of 90, and was interred in that city's Sunset Cemetery.
# Jouswier

Jouswier is a small village in Noardeast-Fryslân in the province of Friesland, the Netherlands. It had a population of around 44 in January 2017. Before 2019, the village was part of the Dongeradeel municipality.
It is located on a terp (artificial living mound) to the northeast of Dokkum and to the southeast of Metslawier.

## History

The village was first mentioned in 1495 as Juusweer, and means "terp of Jouw(we) (person)". The Dutch Reformed church was built in 1557 and the tower dates from 1752. It was restored in 1987. A large part of the terp has been excavated. In 1840, Jouswier was home to 59 people.

## Gallery

* View on Jouswier
* View on Jouswier
* Farm in Jouswier
# Joe L. Hayes

Joseph Lynn "Joe" Hayes (February 18, 1930 – February 16, 2018) was an American civil engineer, lobbyist, politician and surveyor.
Joe Hayes was born in Bakersfield, Missouri to Norman "Darby" and Dicy Hayes. His uncle, Herman Cotter, worked throughout the Territory of Alaska during World War II and convinced the Hayes family to accompany him and his family in their move to Alaska. Making the trip in June 1946, they were among the first civilians to travel the Alaska Highway. The Hayes family settled in Anchorage, where he graduated from Anchorage High School the following year.
Hayes received his bachelor's degree in civil engineering from the University of Washington in 1951, and his master's degree from the University of Alaska in 1966. Hayes was a surveyor and civil engineer. He was a partner in the engineering firm Tryck, Nyman and Hayes in Anchorage, which has been one of Alaska's leading engineering firms since the late 20th century. Hayes served as chair of the Anchorage Platting Commission from 1959 to 1964. From 1977 to 1984, Hayes served in the Alaska House of Representatives as a Republican representing west Anchorage. In 1981 and 1983, Hayes served as speaker of the house, gaining the office as a result of a leadership coup in which dissident Democrats formed a coalition with members of all three parties (which included two Libertarians), deposing the Democratic House leadership and incumbent speaker Jim Duncan.
Hayes ran unsuccessfully for Mayor of Anchorage in 1981. He ran for governor in the 1986 primary election. He spent nearly a million dollars of his own money but fared little well in the crowded field, gaining 5.3 percent of the vote among fourteen candidates in the blanket primary and coming in a distant fourth among Republicans, behind Arliss Sturgulewski, Wally Hickel and Dick Randolph.
After leaving elected office, Hayes became a lobbyist. At the turn of the 21st century, he was Alaska's top legislative lobbyist, earning nearly ten percent of the total revenue spent on lobbying in Alaska by himself. After retiring, he bought an estate in Missouri and returned there to live. He reunited with his cousin in June 2016 in Anchorage to recall his trip up the Alaska Highway; the two were the only surviving members of that party at the time.
A Lutheran, Hayes married Patricia and they had three daughters. Hayes died at age 87 on February 16, 2018 in Anchorage.
# George H. Stanger

George H. Stanger (September 25, 1902 – March 2, 1958) was an American Republican Party politician who served in the New Jersey Senate from 1938 to 1946.
A resident of Vineland, New Jersey, Stanger was born in Glassboro, New Jersey. He attended Bridgeton High School and graduated from Lafayette College.
# Ronald H. Tills

Ronald H. Tills (May 1, 1935 – February 4, 2018) was an American politician who served in the New York State Assembly from the 147th district from 1969 to 1978.
In August 2009, he was sentenced to 18 months in prison for transporting prostitutes across state lines. He died on February 4, 2018, in West Falls, New York at age 82.
# IHeartRadio Music Award for Male Artist of the Year

The iHeartRadio Music Award for Male Artist of the Year is one of the former awards handed out at the yearly iHeartRadio Music Awards. It was first awarded in 2016 and presented to Justin Bieber. In 2023, it was discontinued and replaced by the all-gender category Artist of the Year. Bieber is the most awarded artist in this category, with a total of two wins. Ed Sheeran and the Weeknd are the most nominated artists in this category, with a total of five nominations each.

## Winners and nominees

| Year | Winner(s) | Nominees | Ref. |
| 2016 | Justin Bieber | Luke Bryan Ed Sheeran Sam Smith The Weeknd | |
| 2017 | Justin Bieber | Luke Bryan Drake Shawn Mendes The Weeknd | |
| 2018 | Ed Sheeran | Bruno Mars Shawn Mendes Charlie Puth The Weeknd | |
| 2019 | Drake | Ed Sheeran Kendrick Lamar Post Malone Shawn Mendes | |
| 2020 | Post Malone | Ed Sheeran Khalid Luke Combs Shawn Mendes | [5] [6] |
| 2021 | The Weeknd | Harry Styles Justin Bieber Post Malone Roddy Ricch | |
| 2022 | Lil Nas X | Justin Bieber Drake Ed Sheeran The Weeknd | |

## Statistics
### Artists with multiple wins
#### 2 wins

* Justin Bieber

### Artists with multiple nominations
#### 5 nominations

* Ed Sheeran
* The Weeknd

#### 4 nominations

* Justin Bieber
* Shawn Mendes

#### 3 nominations

* Drake
* Post Malone

#### 2 nominations

* Luke Bryan
# Gloanna W. MacCarthy

Gloanna Wallace MacCarthy (September 16, 1879 - January 1968) was an American Republican Party politician who served three terms in the New Jersey General Assembly.
She was born in Hyde Park, New York and graduated from Westfield High School in Westfield, New Jersey. She attended the Conservatory of Music in New York City and New Jersey State Teachers College. She was elected to the New Jersey General Assembly in 1941, and was re-elected in 1942 and 1943. She served as Chair of the Assembly Institutions and Agencies Committee. She lived in Maplewood, New Jersey with her husband, Charles Douglas MacCarthy, and their son, Alan Wallace MacCarthy.
# Henry Green (courtier)

Sir Henry Green, JP (c. 1347 – 1399) was a courtier and councillor to king Richard II of England.

## Ancestry

Born in Northamptonshire, he was the son of Sir Henry Green, a lawyer and Chief Justice of the King's Bench, by his second marriage to Katherine Drayton, daughter of Sir John Drayton of Drayton.

## Career

Green inherited Drayton House in Northamptonshire at his father's death in 1370. He became a JP in 1380 and MP for Huntingdonshire in 1390, for Northamptonshire in 1394 and 1397 and finally in the autumn of 1397 he became MP for Wiltshire. He also served in France with John of Gaunt.
He became a close confidant of King Richard II. Along with Sir John Bussy and Sir William Bagot he was appointed one of the eccentric Richard's 'continual councillors' who gained an unsavoury reputation. At one point they advised the king to confiscate the lands of the exiled Henry Bolingbroke, Duke of Hereford.
When Bolingbroke returned from exile in 1399 to reclaim his inheritance, the three councillors decided flight was the best option. Bussy and Green sought sanctuary in Bristol Castle but were delivered up to Bolingbroke on 28 July 1399, who had them beheaded the following day. Bagot was spared and eventually pardoned.
All three continual councillors (referred to as "caterpillars") feature in Shakespeare's historical play King Richard II, generally listed as "Bushy, Baghot and Green". Green also appears in the anonymous Elizabethan play Thomas of Woodstock.

## Family

He married Maud (or Matilda) Mauduit, daughter and heiress of Thomas Mauduit, by whom he had several children, including;
* Ralph, his heir
* Eleanor, m. Sir John Fitzwilliam (d. 5 July 1417).
# Please, Mr. Sun

"Please, Mr. Sun" is a song written by Ray Getzov and Sid Frank and performed by Johnnie Ray featuring The Four Lads and the Jimmy Carroll Orchestra. It reached number 6 on the U.S. pop chart in 1952. It was featured on his 1955 album I Cry for You.
The single ranked number 30 on Billboard's Year-End top 30 singles of 1952.

## Other charting versions

* Perry Como released a version of the song as a single in 1952 which reached number 12 on the U.S. pop chart.
* Tommy Edwards released a version of the song as a single in 1952 which reached number 18 on the U.S. R&B chart and number 22 on the U.S. pop chart.
* Edwards released a new version of the song as a single in 1959 which reached number 11 on the U.S. pop chart.
* The Vogues released a version of the song as a single in 1966 which reached number 48 on the U.S. pop chart.

## Other versions

* Les Baxter with His Chorus and Orchestra released a version of the song as the B-side to their 1952 single "Blue Tango".
* Frankie Carle released a version of the song on his 1952 album, Top Pops.
* Lynn Hope and His Orchestra released a version of the song as the B-side to their 1952 single "Hope, Skip, and Jump".
* Bill Kenny released a version of the song as the B-side to his 1952 single "If I Forget You".
* The Innocents released a version of the song as the B-side to their 1960 single "Gee Whiz".
* Johnny Crawford released a version of the song on his 1962 album, The Captivating Johnny Crawford.
* Paul Petersen released a version of the song as the B-side to his 1962 single "Lollipops and Roses".
* Keely Smith released a version of the song on her 1962 album, Because You're Mine.
* Joe Bataan released a version of the song on his 1972 album, Sweet Soul.
* Doris Day released a version of the song on her 1995 compilation album, The Uncollected Doris Day with the Page Cavanaugh Trio, Vol. 2: Wonderful!
* Bing Crosby released a version of the song on his posthumous 1998 album, Lonely Street. This was taken from a 1952 radio broadcast.
# Cazères station

Cazères is a railway station in Cazères, Occitanie, France. The station is on the Toulouse–Bayonne railway. The station is served by TER (local) services operated by the SNCF. The fastest journey time by train from Cazères to Toulouse-Matabiau station is 39 minutes.

## Train services

The following services currently call at Cazères:
* local service (TER Occitanie) Toulouse–Saint-Gaudens–Tarbes–Pau
# Douglassia enae

Douglassia enae is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Drilliidae.

## Description

The shell grows to a length of 17 mm, its diameter 6.9 mm.
(Original description) The elongate-conic shell is wax-yellow with a broad pale-brown band at the periphery. The protoconch contains 2.5 smooth whorls 2.5, forming a pointed apex. The beginning of the postnuclear whorls has the axial riblets characteristic of the later postnuclear whorls, but here they are a little more slender and a little more closely approximated. The postnuclear whorls are marked by strong axial ribs that almost form cusps at the anterior termination of the posterior sinal region. They extend only very feebly across the sinal area, which occupies the posterior two-fifths of the whorls. On the body whorl these ribs are decidedly enfeebled on the base and evanesce at the junction with the columella. Of the axial ribs, 10 occur upon the first six whorls, 12 upon the seventh and the last whorl. These ribs are about one third as wide as the spaces that separate them, the latter being broad and concave. In addition to the axial ribs the whorls are marked by rather strong incremental lines that have a decidedly sigmoid curve, being retractively slanting at the posterior sinal region and protractively anterior to this. The spiral sculpture consists of numerous, closely spaced, microscopic obsolete spiral lines. The base of the shell is moderately well rounded. The columella is short and stubby, and is marked by 12 rather strong sinuous spiral threads and finer spiral lines corresponding to those on the spire and base. The aperture is moderately large and rather broad, decidedly channeled posteriorly and anteriorly with a feeble stromboid notch. The outer lip is protracted between the posterior angle and the stromboid notch into a clawlike element, while the inner lip is reflected over the columella as a heavy callus, which extends over the parietal wall and projects into the aperture at the posterior sinus as a decided knob. There is a heavy varix about one sixth of a turn behind the edge of the outer lip.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the demersal zone of the Caribbean Sea off Puerto Rico at depths between 73 m and 146 m; off Barbados and Guadeloupe; off Brazil.