OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Aleksandr Leipunskii

Aleksandr Ilyich Leipunskii (Russian: Алекса́ндр Ильи́ч Лейпу́нский; Ukrainian: Олександр Ілліч Лейпунський; 7 December 1903 – 14 August 1972) was a Soviet physicist.
He was born in the small village of Drahle, Grodno Governorate, Russian Poland. In 1921, he entered the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute, graduating in 1926. He then joined the Leningrad Physico-Technical Institute, where he studied atomic interactions with electrons and molecules.
In 1930, he began research into nuclear physics. He helped organize the Ukrainian Physics and Technology Institute in Kharkiv and became its director. In 1934, he was sent to England for a year as a visiting researcher at the Rutherford Laboratory. In September 1937 Leipunskii was arrested as a German spy in connection with the UPTI Affair, but later released.
After being evacuated to Ufa, in 1941 he also became a head of the Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR and held that post until 1949.
Following the war, he played a significant role in the development of nuclear power in the Soviet Union. In particular, he pioneered the development of Soviet fast breeder reactor technology. In 1963, he was awarded the Hero of Socialist Labor. The A. I. Leipunsky Institute of Physics and Power Engineering in Obninsk is named after him.
# Kalk, Poland

Kalk is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Stara Kiszewa, within Kościerzyna County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) west of Stara Kiszewa, 18 km (11 mi) south-east of Kościerzyna, and 54 km (34 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Kalmuzy

Kalmuzy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gardeja, within Kwidzyn County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) south-west of Gardeja, 16 km (10 mi) south of Kwidzyn, and 88 km (55 mi) south of the regional capital Gdańsk.
# Kamienna, Pomeranian Voivodeship

Kamienna is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Prabuty, within Kwidzyn County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north of Prabuty, 20 km (12 mi) north-east of Kwidzyn, and 71 km (44 mi) south-east of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Kamionka Gowidlińska

Kamionka Gowidlińska is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sierakowice, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) south-west of Sierakowice, 32 km (20 mi) west of Kartuzy, and 60 km (37 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Kanin, Pomeranian Voivodeship

Kanin is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowa Wieś Lęborska, within Lębork County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) west of Nowa Wieś Lęborska, 6 km (4 mi) west of Lębork, and 67 km (42 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Karolewo, Chojnice County

Karolewo is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Czersk, within Chojnice County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Kamionka, Gmina Chojnice

Kamionka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chojnice, within Chojnice County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Chojnice and 91 km (57 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Ramjee Chandran

Ramjee Chandran is a journalist and author. Chandran has been the Editor of Explocity a fortnightly magazine since 1998. According to The Daily Telegraph, Explocity is partly owned by Rupert Murdoch. He is also the host of the podcasts, The Literary City With Ramjee Chandran and the History of Bangalore.

## Career

Ramjee Chandran launched several magazines devoted to the city of Bangalore, India, notably The Bangalore Monthly and Bangalore Weekly. Also Chandran wrote several columns for various newspapers and magazines. Prior to the inception of Explocity, Chandran first began a Bangalore-based magazine, "Bangalore This Fortnight", in 1989. This was followed by the launch of the Bangalore Monthly and the Bangaloremag.com. The internet had just begun its journey in the late 1990s in India, when Chandran created Explocity.com in 1999. Some of the initial funding was from Rupert Murdoch's News Corp. Explocity has content includes events, restaurants, hotel listings, shopping, nightlife and sightseeing in cities like New York City, Dubai, and Indian cities.
Chandran is also a jazz guitarist and has performed with other acclaimed musicians on stage.
Ramjee Chandran was featured in the New York podcast, Destination On The Left, as a media expert.
Chandran was invited by Bangalore International Centre to moderate a panel comprising leading animal activists and representatives from the Bangalore city corporation.
Ramjee Chandran started The Literary City with Ramjee Chandran, under Explocity Podcasts in 2022.
For the 2022 Bangalore Literature Festival, Ramjee Chandran was invited to conduct sessions with Mallika Sarabhai and journalist, Barkha Dutt.

## Awards and honors

* Chanakya Award for Innovative Leadership
* Best entrepreneurs from Karnataka, India
# Karpno, Bytów County

Karpno is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lipnica, within Bytów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. The location of Kraklewo/Klaklewo is part of the village. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south-east of Lipnica, 21 km (13 mi) south of Bytów, and 91 km (57 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
It includes an uninhabited region referred to as Kraklewo.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Index of Guinea-related articles

Articles (arranged alphabetically) related to Guinea include:
* Top
* 0–9
* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z

## 0-9

* 1958 independence

## A

* AfricaPhonebook/Annulaires Afrique
* Aluminum
* Aluminium in Africa
* Aluminium in Guinea
** Alcan
** Alcan in Africa
** Alcoa
** Alumina
** Alumina Company of Guinea, operating a mine at Fria
** Boké Alumina Corporation,
** Centre de Promotion et de Developpement Miniers,
** Comalco
** Compagnie des Bauxites de Guinee SA,
** Euronimba,
** Global Alumina
** Global Alumina Products Corporation smelter project in Conakry
** Guinea Aluminum Products Corporation Ltd,
** Halco Mining,
** La Societé Aurifère de Guinée,
** Ministère des Mines, de la Geology et de l'Environment,
** Ministry of Mines and Geology,
** Office des Bauxites de Kindia,
** Pechiney
** Reynolds Metals
** Rio Tinto Mining
** Rusal - Russian aluminum
** Secretariat of State for Mines and Energy (hydrocarbons division),
** Societe Ashanti de Guinee,
** Société Aurifére de Guinée SA,
** Societé des Bauxites de Kindia,
** Societé Mifergui-Nimba,
** Societe Miniere de Dinguiraye
** Societe Semafo gold

## B

* Bauxite

## C

* Sekou Benna Camara
* Chocolate
* Cocoa
* Comalco
* Communications in Guinea
* Compagnie des Bauxites de Guinée CBG, at Boké; Guinea's largest aluminum company
* Conakry the capital
* Côte d'Ivoire
* Culture of Guinea

## D

* Demographics of Guinea
* Districts of Guinea

## E

* Economy of Guinea
* Education in Guinea

## F

* Foreign relations of Guinea

## G

* Geography of Guinea
* Guinea
* Guinea Alumina Corporation
* Guinea-Bissau
* Guinea (disambiguation)
* Guinean Entertainment Agency
* Guinee Equatoriale/Equatorial Guinea

## H

* Halco Mining - aluminium

## I

* IRIN - UN news agency
* Islam in Guinea
* Ivory
* Ivory Coast
* Iron ore
** Societé Mifergui-Nimba

## L

* Lansana Conté president
* LGBT rights in Guinea (Gay rights)
* List of cities in Guinea
* List of Guineans
* List of Guinean companies
* List of mammals of Guinea
* List of birds of Guinea
* List of national parks of Guinea

## M

* Microfinance
* Microfinance Gateway - microfinance online
* Microfinance in Guinea
* Military of Guinea
* Mining
* Music of Guinea

## N

* N'Zoo

## O

* Ordre des Avocats de Guinée

## P

* Palm oil
* Palm kernel oil
* Palmitic acid
* Pechiney
* Politics of Guinea
* Pride Finance - microfinance company

## R

* Radio France Internationale (RFI)
* Radio Liberty FM
* Radio Soleil
* Radio Nostalgie
* Regions of Guinea
* Reynolds Metals
* Rio Tinto Mining
* Rural Credit of Guinea/Crédit Rural de Guinée CRG - microfinance
* Rusal - Russian aluminum

## S

* Sankiniana
* Sierra Leone
* Smelting
* Société des bauxites de Kindia operated by Rusal
* Societe Semafo

## T

* Tintioule
* Transportation in Guinea

## W

* West Africa
* Wildlife of Guinea

## Y

* Yété Mali "help yourself" - microfinance company
# The Flintstones: Big Trouble In Bedrock

The Flintstones: Big Trouble in Bedrock is a 2001 platform video game for the Game Boy Advance developed by H2O Entertainment. As Fred Flintstone, players complete twelve platforming levels in search of Barney Rubble, who has been kidnapped by Dr. Sinister. Publisher Conspiracy Entertainment announced Big Trouble in Bedrock in 2000 ahead of the release of the Game Boy Advance, with the game being the first licensed appearance of The Flintstones on the handheld. Upon release, the game received negative reviews, with critics focusing on the game's limited features and poor graphics.

## Gameplay

Big Trouble in Bedrock is a platformer that takes place across twelve stages set across four areas: Bedrock, the Wild West, a Haunted House, and Dr. Sinister's Island. Players control Fred Flintstone and scale platforms and avoid spike pits, boulders and enemies. The player can use items collected throughout the level as weapons for a limited time, including bowling balls, clubs, and bones to ward off enemies. Power-ups are granted by the Great Gazoo, who is located several times in a level, that allow the player to use several abilities: a double jump, dash, invulnerability, judo chop, and full health restore. Collectable clams are dispersed throughout levels, with every 50 collected granting a Cactus Coolah that provide a temporary speed boost or a Bronto Rib that restore a hit point. The game has three difficulty modes and no save features.

## Plot

Fred Flintstone clocks off his shift at the quarry, and discovers that his friend Barney Rubble is missing and has been kidnapped by Dr. Sinister, who has overrun Bedrock with animated lawn mowers and barbecue grills. Playing as Fred, the player must navigate Bedrock and a series of areas in the Wild West, a Haunted House, and Dr. Sinister's Island to find his hideout and rescue his friend.

## Reception

Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| AllGame | 2.5/5 |
| IGN | 4/10 |
| Jeuxvideo.com | 7/20 |
| Nintendo Official Magazine | 64% |
Big Trouble in Bedrock received negative reviews upon release. Jason White of Allgame critiqued the game's "fairly straightforward" gameplay for its "confusing" level design, "frustrating" platforming and the lack of variation and additional features to the game, describing the game as having "no real extras". IGN considered the game to control "pretty well", but considered the platforming to be "no fun" due to the number of "cheap hits and blind jumps" and "floating platforms", as well as critiquing the game's "identity crisis" in featuring levels with elements that "don't seem to fit with the show". Nintendo Official Magazine described the game as a "painful excuse for a platformer with a severe lack of originality in the gameplay department". Dismissing the game as "absolutely lamentable", JeuxVideo highlighted the game's "rotten" quality due to its "insulting graphics", "bland and flavorless gameplay" , "questionable handling", and imprecise collision and platforming.
# Pambos Avraamidis

Pambos Avraamidis (Greek: Πάμπος Αβρααμίδης; 6 March 1915 – 22 May 2005) was a Cypriot football manager and footballer who last managed Orfeas Nicosia.

## Career

Avraamidis has been regarded as one of the most important figures in Cypriot football during the 20th century.
# Ramona Theater

The Ramona Theater, at 113 Broadway in Buhl, Idaho, was built in 1928. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.
It was designed by architect Burton Morse. Built during a decade of a numerous constructions of movie theatres with varying architectural themes, this featured a mix of "Spanish Mission and Islamic elements, suggesting something from the movie sets of the day—perhaps those in Douglas Fairbanks' Thief of Bagdad, produced in 1924. Its pink stucco mass is accented with a four story corner tower 41 feet tall, topped by a mosque-like dome." Parts of a predecessor building on the site, the Wade Building, were incorporated into the construction.
# Ed Ford (politician)

Edward Sinclair Ford Jr. (January 1, 1930 – July 2, 2010) was an American politician from Kentucky who was a member of the Kentucky Senate from 1978 to 1995. Ford was first elected in 1977 after incumbent senator Thomas Ward resigned to join the administration of governor Julian Carroll. He did not seek reelection in 1994.
He died in July 2010 at age 80.
# Gillian Wilson

Gillian Wilson is a British-American astronomer and cosmologist.
Wilson joined University of California, Merced in October 2022 as Vice Chancellor for Research, Innovation and Economic Development and is also a Professor in the UC Merced Physics Department. She was formerly Professor of Physics and Astronomy at the University of California, Riverside, where she was also Senior Associate Vice Chancellor for Research & Economic Development.

## Biography

Wilson graduated with a BSc in Physics from Glasgow University in 1991. She completed her Ph.D. in 1995 at Durham University under the supervision of Carlos Frenk. Her research interests include infrared astronomy to study the evolution of galaxies, galaxy clusters and protoclusters, massive ancient galaxies, and the dynamics of star formation as galaxies age.

## Recognition

She was named a Fellow of the American Physical Society (APS) in 2021, after a nomination from the APS Division of Astrophysics, "for pioneering techniques and significant contributions to clusters of galaxies, massive galaxies and cosmology, as well as for sustained leadership in research administration, broadening participation and outreach". In 2023 the American Astronomical Society (AAS) named Wilson as a Fellow of the AAS, "for pioneering innovative techniques and significant contributions to interpreting the fundamental physics of galaxy clusters, massive galaxies, and cosmology; and for exceptional leadership in research administration, broadening participation, and outreach".
# Oreshnik, Bulgaria

Oreshnik (Bulgarian: Орешник, Greek: Καραϊς Karais or Καρυές Karyes) is a village in the municipality of Topolovgrad, in Haskovo Province, in southern Bulgaria.
# Exterminator

Exterminator may refer to:

## Pest control

* Pest exterminator, a practitioner in control of harmful species

## Competition

* Exterminator (horse) (1915–1945), racehorse, the winner of the 1918 Kentucky Derby
* X-Terminator, a competitor in Robot Wars

## Fiction

* Exterminator!, a 1973 short story collection by William S. Burroughs
* The Exterminator (1960 book), short story collection by William S. Burroughs, see William S. Burroughs bibliography
* Billy the Exterminator, a reality series previously known as The Exterminators
* The Exterminators (Doctor Who audio), a Doctor Who audio drama
* The Exterminator set in the Doctor Who – Battles in Time card game

### Comics

* The Exterminators (comics), a Vertigo comic book series
* Exterminators (comics), a group consisting of Spider-Man enemies
* Exterminator (comics), a Marvel Comics supervillain better known as Death-Stalker

### Film

* The Exterminator, a 1980 American vigilante action film starring Robert Ginty
* Exterminator 2 (1984 film), a sequel to the 1980 film
* ExTerminators, a 2009 movie starring Amber Heard, Heather Graham, and Jennifer Coolidge
* The Exterminators, a 1965 spy film

## People

* French buccaneer Daniel Montbars (born 1645), better known as Montbars the Exterminator

## Other uses

* Exterminator (roller coaster), an indoor roller coaster at Kennywood
* XTRMNTR, an album by Primal Scream released in 2000
# Limerick Museum and Archives

Limerick Museum and Archives (LM&A) was a partnership between two separate and distinct institutions, the Limerick City Museum and the Limerick Archives, which existed from 2013 and 2017. Both are funded by Limerick City and County Council.
The two institutions worked in collaboration with other public and private institutions on a number of projects, exhibitions and publications relating to the history of Limerick city and county.
In May 2017, with the move of Limerick Museum to the old Franciscan Friary in Henry Street, the partnership was ended and the two institutions reverted to working separately.

## Exhibitions

* 2013 St. Joseph's Hospital Exhibition
* 2014 Retrospective, Limerick City and Limerick County Council
* 2014 Haselbeck Collection
* 2014 From Limerick with Love with Limerick Leader, Shannon Airport, Limerick School of Art and Design
* 2014 Limerick Lace with interactive elements from University of Limerick
* 2015 Stand Up and Fight
# Welsh Language Commissioner

The Welsh Language Commissioner (Welsh: Comisiynydd y Gymraeg) is a Welsh Government officer, overseeing an independent advisory body of the same name. The position was created following the passing of the Welsh Language (Wales) Measure 2011, effective on 1 April 2012, replacing the Welsh Language Board, with the aim of promoting and facilitating the use of the Welsh language. This entails raising awareness of the official status of the Welsh language in Wales and by imposing standards on organisations. This, in turn, will lead to the establishment of rights for Welsh speakers.
According to the Commissioner's website, there are two principles that underpin the work of the Commissioner, namely:
* Welsh should not be treated less favourably than the English language in Wales
* People should be able to live their lives in Wales through the medium of Welsh if they so wish.
The Commissioner's work is politically independent, and the position of a commissioner lasts seven years.

## The Commissioner's role

The Commissioner may do anything they consider appropriate to:
* Promote the use of Welsh
* Facilitate the use of Welsh
* Work towards ensuring that Welsh is treated no less favourably than English.
This includes promoting opportunities to use Welsh and encourage best practice in the use of Welsh by people dealing with other persons, or providing services to other persons. Areas of their work also include legal issues, preparing and publishing reports, research, educational activities and written recommendations to Ministers of the Government of Wales. The Commissioner can also give advice to people.

## Commissioners

* Meri Huws (2012–2019)
* Aled Roberts (2019–2022)
* Efa Gruffudd Jones (2023–present)

### Deputy commissioner

* Gwenith Price
# Xanthoparmelia auricampa

Xanthoparmelia auricampa is a little-known species of terricolous (ground-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is endemic to Western Australia.

## Taxonomy

Xanthoparmelia auricampa was described by John Elix, who distinguished it from closely related species due to its unique chemical profile and specific morphological characteristics. The type specimen (holotype) was collected by Elix on 24 April 2004, and is housed at the Western Australian Herbarium (PERTH). The collection site is located in Western Australia, 2.5 km east of Bullabulling and 27.5 km west of Coolgardie, at an elevation of 440 metres. The specimen was found growing on soil in a Eucalyptus woodland habitat with Acacia and other shrubs, characterised by laterite outcrops. The species epithet auricampa is derived from Latin, combining aurum (gold) and campus (field), alluding its discovery in the goldfield regions of Western Australia.

## Description

Xanthoparmelia auricampa forms small foliose to somewhat fruticose rosettes, loosely adnate to the substrate, and typically 2–3 cm wide. The lobes of the lichen are more or less linear, 0.8–1.5 mm wide, and show dichotomous to trichotomous branching. The upper surface is yellow-green, becoming rugulose and brown at the tips as it matures. Unlike many lichens, it lacks isidia and soredia but features small, somewhat cylindrical lobules that are terminal on the lobes. The lower surface of the lichen is pale to dark brown, canaliculate (channeled), and smooth with moderately dense, simple or occasionally branched, black rhizines.
Chemically, the lichen cortex does not react to potassium hydroxide solution (K−), while the medulla is K+ (yellow then red). It contains usnic acid and a combination of lichen products including norstictic, hypostictic, and hyposalazinic acids.

### Similar species

Xanthoparmelia auricampa is most similar to X. terrestris, sharing comparable morphology and norstictic acid content in the medulla. However, X. auricampa is distinguished by its smaller rosettes (2–3 cm vs 5–10 cm), narrower lobes (0.8–1.5 mm vs 1–3 mm), and distinct medullary chemistry. While X. terrestris contains salazinic acid (major), norstictic acid, consalzinic acid, and protocetraric acid, X. auricampa uniquely features norstictic acid as its major compound, along with minor amounts of hypostictic, hyposalazinic, and connorstictic acids. X. auricampa's distinctive traits include its small foliose thallus, yellow-green convex upper surface, di- to trichotomously branched lobes, brown canaliculate lower surface, and presence of subterete lobules without isidia.

## Habitat and distribution

Xanthoparmelia auricampa is known exclusively from its type locality in Western Australia.
# Beer boot

A beer boot (German: Bierstiefel) is a boot-shaped beer glass. Beer boots exist in sizes ranging from 0.5 litres (17 US fl oz) up to 5 litres (1+3⁄8 US gal), but 2 litres (1⁄2 US gal) is a more typical size. Beer boots are commonly consumed communally and are popular with younger people as part of drinking games.

## Production

Because of their shape, beer boots are often made from blown or pressed glass.

## Origin

Shoe- or boot-shaped drinking containers have a long tradition; archaeologists have found examples at Urnfield culture sites in Unterhautzenthal near Korneuburg in Lower Austria or at the Glauberg in Hesse, Germany. In Asia Minor, shoe-shaped drinking vessels have been found dating to the early 2nd millennium BCE; others, dating to the early 1st millennium BCE have been found in Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Urartu sites near Lake Van. Similar glasses are attested into the middle ages. The modern beer boot takes its form from the Hessian boot, which saw military use into the 19th century. Drinking from shoes was a common hazing ritual in the military, and which spread further through German student fraternities.

## Use

Due to the size and volume, a beer boot is usually consumed communally. When drinking, if the toe of the boot is facing away from the drinker, a portion of the beer is held at low pressure in the toe. When the air reaches the toe, the beer can rush out into the face of the drinker.
The use of beer boots featured prominently in the 2006 film Beerfest.