OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# PVRTC

PVRTC (PowerVR Texture Compression) and PVRTC2 are a family of lossy, fixed-rate texture compression formats used in PowerVR's MBX (PVRTC only), SGX and Rogue technologies. The PVRTC algorithm is documented in Simon Fenney's paper "Texture Compression using Low-Frequency Signal Modulation" that was presented at Graphics Hardware 2003.
These differ from block-based texture formats such as S3TC and Ericsson Texture Compression (ETC) in that the compressed image is represented by two lower resolution images which are bilinearly upscaled and then blended according to low precision, per-pixel weights. They also differ in that they support ARGB data in both 4-bpp and 2-bpp modes.
PVRTC is the compressed texture format used in the Nokia N9 and all generations of the iPhone, iPod Touch, and iPad. It is also supported in certain Android devices, that use PowerVR GPUs.

## Data structure

In both PVRTC and PVRTC2, texture data is stored in blocks (but note that the decoding of any 2x2 set of texels requires access to 4 of these blocks.) A data block always occupies 64 bits (8 bytes) of storage/memory space and thus, in 4-bit mode (4bpp), there will be one block for each 4×4 pixels. In 2-bit mode (2-bpp), there will be one block for every 8×4 pixels.
For example, a 1024×1024 4-bpp PVRTC texture would have 65,536 blocks and take 524,288 bytes of storage/memory space. In some hardware implementations, the blocks are arranged in a variant of Morton order.
With PVRTC there are six different variables stored in each block: Modulation data (32 bits), punch-through alpha flag (1 bit), color A (15 bits), color A opaque flag (1 bit), color B (14 bits) and color B opaque flag (1 bit).
With PVRTC2 there are six different variables stored to one block: Modulation data (32 bits), modulation flag (1 bit), color B (14 bits), hard transition flag (1 bit), color A (15 bits) and opacity flag (1 bit).
Although in PVRTC the opacity flags can be set independently for the A & B colours, in PVRTC2, Color A and Color B must both be in same format (i.e. either both RGB or both RGBA).
# Thomas Sloo Jr.

Thomas Sloo Jr. (April 5, 1790 – January 17, 1879) was an American politician and merchant from Kentucky. Orphaned, Sloo moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, to support his siblings and made a fortune operating a store. However, he lost it all in the Panic of 1819 and settled in Illinois. He quickly regained prosperity after organizing McLeansboro, Illinois and was soon elected to the Illinois Senate. Sloo was an unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Illinois in 1826. Crestfallen, Sloo moved to New Orleans, Louisiana to trade commissions. After a brief stay in Havana, Cuba, where he founded a gas company, Sloo returned to New Orleans and served as city treasurer and president of the Sun Mutual Insurance Company.

## Biography

Sloo was born on April 5, 1790, in Washington, Kentucky. He attended public schools, but was orphaned before he could complete his studies. To support his siblings, Sloo moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, to work in merchandising. He was initially very successful, but lost all of his fortune in the Panic of 1819 and he was forced to close his store. Penniless, he removed to Shawneetown, Illinois.
Sloo remained in Shawneetown only briefly before moving farther west to western White County, Illinois. When Hamilton County was organized on February 15, 1821, Sloo was appointed a surveyor. He platted McLeansboro, the new county seat, and established a store there. He quickly became one of the most prosperous and well-known men in the area. Sloo was elected to the Illinois Senate in 1822, where he advocated for slavery in Illinois. Sloo was named one of the first five canal commissioners tasked with overseeing the Illinois and Michigan Canal project. He received four votes for U.S. Senator in the 1824 joint legislative ballot.
In 1826, Sloo unsuccessfully ran for Governor of Illinois as a Jacksonian against Ninian Edwards, receiving 5,834 votes compared to Edwards' 6,280. Sloo was disappointed by the defeat and decided to leave the state, selling his property and moving to New Orleans, Louisiana. For the next twenty years, Sloo worked in the commission business. He moved to Havana, Cuba in 1848 and built a gas station to provide street lights for the city. After a few years, he returned to New Orleans, where he remained for the rest of his life. He was named the first president of the Sun Mutual Insurance Company and served as city treasurer. He was also a member of the city board of education from its founding until 1860.
Sloo married Harriet Irwin on July 14, 1814. However, she died only a year after the marriage and their only child died soon afterward. He married Rebecca Smith Findlay on August 25, 1819. None of their children survived to adulthood. On May 24, 1849, he married Maria Francis Campbell, the daughter of Congressman Robert B. Campbell. They had six children, three surviving to adulthood: Maria Frances, Laura Campbell, and Thomas III. Sloo died on January 17, 1879.
# Otto Peltzer (politician)

Otto Peltzer (November 29, 1836 – January 17, 1919) was a German American politician, author, and playwright. Born in Prussia, Peltzer immigrated with his family when he was a child and came alone to Chicago, Illinois in 1850. There, he rose through the ranks of the department of public works, eventually becoming deputy recorder of Chicago. He served one term in the Illinois House of Representatives. In his free time, Peltzer translated and wrote works of stage.

## Biography

Otto Peltzer was born on November 29, 1836, in Stolberg, Prussia. In 1849, his family immigrated to the United States and established a farm in Wisconsin. When Peltzer was thirteen, he moved to Chicago, Illinois and took a position in the Chicago recorder's office. In 1857, he decided to pursue a career in law, but abandoned the efforts three years later. Peltzer then became chief draughtsman of the board of public works, where he supervised the dock surveys of the Chicago River and compiled the city atlases. In 1869, he was elected collector of taxes of northern Chicago.
In 1871, the Great Chicago Fire destroyed all records of the city and county, so Peltzer quickly published the Atlas of Chicago, organized from his personal collection. In 1872, he was elected to the Illinois House of Representatives as a Liberal Republican, where he served one two-year term. He introduced bills for compulsory education, for a state board of health, and for licensing for surveyors, physicians, and pharmacists. He returned to the board of public works after his term, then was named deputy recorder in December 1876. In April 1878, he resigned and opened a title and abstract office as Otto Peltzer & Co.
In his free time, Peltzer enjoyed writing, particularly for stage works. In 1868, he translated the "Masons' Lord's Prayer" into English, which became a popular recital at Freemasonry meetings. He translated Karl Gutzkow's Uriel Acosta, a tragedy about the life of Uriel da Costa, which played for several weeks at Crosby's Opera House. Florenz Ziegfeld, Sr., who ran the Chicago Musical College, produced one of his dramatic ballads. One of his dramas of domestic life was performed at McVicker's Theater. In 1887, he founded The Moralist and the Theatre periodical.
Peltzer married Annie Langden in 1861. They had four children, one son and three daughters: Oscar E., Lottie, Laura, and Louise. He died on January 17, 1919, in Oak Park, Illinois.
# Nicolas Georgiou

Nicolas Georgiou (born 24 February 1976 in Cyprus) is a Cypriot former defender.

## Career

Georgiou started his career at AEK Larnaca, before signing for AC Omonia in 1998. His last season at the club was in 2008, when he announced his retirement from the game at the age of 32.
# Faggala

Faggala (Arabic: الفجّالة) is a district of Cairo, Egypt near Ramesis Square. It is one of the oldest districts in the city. It has long been an important center for book publishing, perhaps the largest in the country. It was also known for its major bookstores but from the 1960s on these were sold to new tenants who opened the ceramics businesses found there today. During the early 20th century it became a center for the film industry and the famous Studio Nasibian was located there.
It is also an important religious center for the Coptic Orthodox Church of Egypt.
# Cioara (Mureș)

The Cioara (Hungarian: Csóra-patak) is a left tributary of the river Mureș in Romania. It discharges into the Mureș near Tărtăria. Its length is 17 km (11 mi) and its basin size is 48 km$^2$ (19 sq mi).
# Suʻa County

Suʻa County (itu malo Suʻa) is a county in the Eastern District in American Samoa. Su'a County contains the villages of Afono, Fagaitua, Falefa (including the settlements of Alega, Amaua, Auto, Avai'o and a portion of the settlement of Pagai), Lauli'i, Masefau, Masausi and Sailele. The county had a population of 3,323 as of the 2010 U.S. Census. According to the Constitution of American Samoa, Sua County is represented by two senatorial seats in the American Samoa Senate.
Fagaʻitua is the principal place of Suʻa County.

## Demographics

Su'a County was first recorded beginning with the 1912 special census. Regular decennial censuses were taken beginning in 1920.

## Villages

* Āfono
* Fagaitua
* Falefa (including Ālega, Amaua, Auto, Avai'o and a portion of Pagai)
* Lauli'i
* Masefau
* Masausi
* Sa'ilele

## Points of interest

* Ālega Beach
* Faga'itua Bay
* Lions Head (Faalogologotala Rock)
* National Park of American Samoa
* Pyramid Rock (Fatuto'aga Rock)
* Rainmaker Mountain
* Sa'ilele Beach
* Tisa's Barefoot Bar
* Two Dollar Beach
# Arthur Michael Braun

Arthur Michael Braun (July 18, 1910 – January 7, 1989) was an American politician and businessman.
Braun was born in Belgrade, Minnesota and went to schools in Badger, Minnesota. He lived in Greenbush, Minnesota with his wife and family and owned a garage in Greenbush. Braun was involved with the Greenbush Fire Department and served as mayor of Greenbush, Minnesota. Braun served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1973 to 1978 and was a Democrat. He died at the Abbott Northwestern Hospital in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
# Laticilla

Laticilla is a genus of small passerine birds in the family Pellorneidae. Members of the genus are found in Pakistan, Nepal, India and Bangladesh.
A molecular phylogenetic study of the Cisticolidae published in 2013 found that the rufous-vented grass babbler did not lie within the clade containing the other prinias but instead belonged to the Pellorneidae. To create monophyletic genera, the rufous-vented prinia and the closely related swamp grass babbler were placed in the reintroduced genus Laticilla in the Pellorneidae. The genus Laticilla had been erected by the English zoologist Edward Blyth in 1845 with the rufous-vented prinia as the type species. The genus replaced Eurycercus that Blyth had introduced in 1844 only to subsequently discover that the name was preoccupied. The name Laticilla comes from the Latin latus for "wide" or "broad" and cilla for "tail".

## Species

The genus contains the following species:
| Image | Common Name | Scientific name | Distribution |
| | Rufous-vented grass babbler | Laticilla burnesii | Pakistan, northwestern India and Nepal. |
| | Swamp grass babbler | Laticilla cinerascens | state of Assam, India, and in nearby parts of northern Bangladesh |
# Wixams railway station

Wixams railway station is a railway station in construction on the Midland Main Line serving the Wixams new town development in Bedfordshire, England. The station will be situated between Bedford and Flitwick.
The station was due to be completed in 2015, but Network Rail withdrew their promise of funding. In 2017, Gallagher Estates applied for funding from the government for the station.
In July 2017, it was reported the site would be located further north as part of the East West Rail project.
In January 2019, East West Railway Company revealed 5 options for a potential Bedford-Cambridge route, with 3 of the options proposing a new station at Bedford South close to Wixams. However in January 2020, the preferred route was announced which does not include a Bedford South station.
In January 2022 Bedford Borough Council announced that it has chosen a preferred design for the new station with completion of the station slated for 2024.
By August 2024, preparation work for the site had started, with works officially starting in December. The station is intended to have up to 350 parking spaces with two platforms, and is set to open late 2026.
The station is close to the planned Universal theme park. The station is expected to be significantly expanded in size, to four platforms, if the park is built as planned.
| Preceding station | National Rail | National Rail | National Rail | Following station |
| | Proposed future services | Proposed future services | Proposed future services | |
| Flitwick | | ThameslinkMidland Main Line | | Bedford |
# Montecincla

Montecincla is a genus of passerine birds in the family Leiothrichidae. All four species in this genus are endemic to “sky islands” in the Western Ghats mountain range of southwestern India, generally above 1,200m elevation.

## Species

The genus contains the following species:
* Nilgiri laughingthrush, Montecincla cachinnans
* Palani laughingthrush, Montecincla fairbanki
* Banasura laughingthrush, Montecincla jerdoni
* Ashambu laughingthrush, Montecincla meridionalis
The four species are found on the tops of mountain ranges separated by deep valleys and are thought to have speciated during global warming. The two pairs separated by the Palghat Gap are estimated to have diverged more than 5 million years ago.
M. cachinnans
M. jerdoni
M. fairbanki
M. meridionalis :
Relationships between the species :
# Yagodinska Cave

Yagodinska Cave (Bulgarian: Ягодинска пещера) is a cave in the Rhodope Mountains, southern Bulgaria. It is included in the 100 Tourist Sites of Bulgaria and is named after the homonymous village nearby. With a total length of 10,500 m, Yagodinska is the fourth longest cave in the country after Kolkina Dupka, Duhlata and Orlova Chuka and the longest in the Rhodopes. Yagodinska Cave is home to 11 species of bats.

## Location

Yagodinska Cave is on the right bank of the river Buynovska, a tributary to the Vacha, on the slopes of the Buynovo Gorge — one the longest gorges in Bulgaria. It is in Smolyan Province, 20 km south of the town of Devin and 3 km south-west of the village of Yagodina. The cave is accessible from the Devin–Dospat road and has a parking lot. The cave entrance is at an altitude of 930 m.

## Exploration and description

The exploration of the cave commenced in 1963 by the Speleological Club of Chepelare, led by Dimitar Raychev. Initially 8,500 m was explored, and 2,000 m more galleries were discovered during the second mapping of the cave in 1982-1986. The age of the cave is estimated at 275,000 years.
Yagodinska Cave is 10,500 m long and has three levels, of which a 1,100 m path in the lowest level was electrified in 1971–1982 and opened for tourists. The entrance and the exit for that level are artificial tunnels with lengths of 150 and 80 m respectively. The altitudes of the entrance and the exit are 930 m and 937 m respectively. The temperature in the show cave is constant all year round at 6ºС; the humidity is 85%–91%.
Yagodinska contains a very large number of cave formations, or speleothems, including stalactites, stalagmites, stalagnates, flowstone, draperies and cave pearls.
The natural entrance leads to the uppermost level, where an ancient dwelling dated to the 4th millennium BC was discovered. Excavations have shown that the dwelling was an important centre for producing ceramics. The clay was extracted from the interior of the cave and from the bed of the Boynovska River, and the pottery was baked in clay furnaces. The inhabitants abandoned the site as a result of a collapse caused by an earthquake.

## Fauna

Yagodinska Cave is an important site for bats due to the large length of its galleries. It is home to 11 species of bats. Of these, six species are of conservation importance in Europe: the greater and the lesser horseshoe bats, the greater and lesser mouse-eared bats, Bechstein's bat and Geoffroy's bat.
List of the recorded species:
* Greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum)
* Lesser horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus hipposideros)
* Bechstein's bat (Myotis bechsteinii)
* Geoffroy's bat (Myotis emarginatus)
* Greater mouse-eared bat (Myotis myotis)
* Lesser mouse-eared bat (Myotis blythii)
* Whiskered bat (Myotis mystacinus)
* Daubenton's bat (Myotis daubentonii)
* Serotine bat (Eptesicus serotinus)
* Brown long-eared bat (Plecotus auritus)
* Grey long-eared bat (Plecotus austriacus)
# Boscia albitrunca

Boscia albitrunca, commonly known as the shepherd tree or shepherd's tree (Afrikaans: Witgat, Sotho: Mohlôpi, Tswana: Motlôpi, Venda: Muvhombwe, Xhosa: Umgqomogqomo, Zulu: Umvithi), is a protected species of South African tree in the caper family. It is known for having the deepest known root structure of any plant at: -68 metres (223 ft).
The species epithet "albitrunca" refers to the white trunk it oftentimes develops. Traditionally, the shepherd tree was used by Dutch settlers, boers, to create a variant of coffee from the roots of the tree. It is an evergreen tree native to southern and tropical Africa, living in the hot, dry, and often seasonally brackish low-lying areas, sometimes on abundant lime or occasionally on rocky terrain. It is a common tree of the Kalahari, bushveld and lowveld. It is one of the most important animal forage trees in the Kalahari.

## Description

This tree grows up to 10 m (33 ft) tall but is usually much smaller. It has a prominent, sturdy white trunk frequently with strips of rough, dark-coloured bark. The crown is often browsed by antelope and any grazers capable of reaching the foliage, resulting in a conspicuous flattened underside, or browse-line. The leaves are narrow, oblanceolate, and stiff, with veins obscure except for the distinct midrib. The flowers are small, greenish-yellow, lacking petals, starburst-shaped, and clustered. The fruits, on a jointed stalk, are about 10 mm (0.4 in) in diameter and are brittle-skinned with a whitish flesh and large endocarp. A specimen found in the central Kalahari in 1974 had roots extending to 68 m (223 ft) deep, making it the plant with the deepest known roots thus far found.

## Relationships

Boscia belongs to the caper family, Capparaceae. Boscia albitrunca is closely related to Boscia foetida subsp. rehmanniana, the bushveld shepherd's tree, which has much smaller leaves and velvet-textured skin on its fruits. The genus was named for Louis Bosc (1759–1828), a French professor of agriculture who lived through the French Revolution.

## Gallery

* Specimen with a clear browse line, Limpopo
* Specimen with its canopy infested with red-berry mistletoe, Limpopo
* Flowering during late winter, Limpopo
* Green fruit during spring, Kalahari
* Ripe fruit consumed by a cape starling, early summer, Kgalagadi
# Khulna Government Polytechnic Institute

Khulna Polytechnic Institute (abbreviated as KPI) is a government-owned polytechnic located in Khulna, Bangladesh. It is one of the biggest and oldest polytechnics in the country.

## History

Work began on a technical training center in Khulna during Pakistan's First Five-Year Plan (1955–60). By 1963, construction of institute buildings, workshops, student hostels, and staff housing was well underway.

## Campus and hostels

Since 2008, the hostel of Khulna Polytechnic Institute has been closed.

## Academics

About 4000 students are pursuing diploma studies in engineering in this institution. At present, KPI has 9 teaching departments. Every year the intake of diploma students is around 800. A total of about one hundred teachers are teaching in these departments and institutes. Khulna Polytechnic Institute has the following departments:
* Civil engineering (100+100)
* Electrical engineering (100+100)
* Electronics engineering (50+50)
* Mechanical engineering (100+100)
* Power engineering (50+50)
* Biophysical environment engineering (50+50)
* Computer science and engineering (CSE) (50+50)
* Instrumentation & Process Control Engineering (I.P.C.E)(50+50)
* Instrumentation & Process Control Engineering (50+50)
* Refrigeration & Air-conditioning Engineering (50+50)
The Bangladesh Technical Education Board oversees the curriculum.
# Thessaloniki Transport Authority

The Thessaloniki Transport Authority (Greek: Οργανισμός Συγκοινωνιακού Έργου Θεσσαλονίκης, 'Thessaloniki Transport Project Organisation', abbreviated as ΟΣΕΘ), is an anonymous company which plans, coordinates, and oversees the urban transportation network of Thessaloniki, the second largest city in Greece. It is abbreviated as TheTA in English, a wordplay on the letter Theta which the first letter the word "Thessaloniki" in Greek. Its creation was necessitated in anticipation of the completion of the Thessaloniki Metro in 2023, which will see the city's bus network redeveloped, and the TheTA will take over the role of the Thessaloniki Urban Transport Organization once the metro is opened.

## Fare zones

TheTA controls the price of tickets for both buses and the metro system. It has divided the Thessaloniki region into three zones: Urban, Suburban, and Intercity. The Thessaloniki Metro falls entirely within the Urban fare zone. Buses X1 and X2 to Thessaloniki Airport have a standard ticket price of €2 regardless of zone, as does cultural bus route 50.
# Eikei Suzuki

Eikei Suzuki (鈴木 英敬, Suzuki Eikei, born 15 August 1974) is a Japanese politician and the former governor of Mie Prefecture located in Kansai region of Japan. Since 2021 he is a Member of the House of Representatives, representing Mie's 4th district.
# Messaoud Dris

Messaoud Redouane Dris (Arabic: مسعود رضوان دريس; born 13 September 2001) is an Algerian judoka. He was ranked fourteenth in the lightweight division in May 2024.

## Career

Dris started his career with CS Ouled El-Bahia in Oran, Algeria. In January 2023, he joined Paris Saint-Germain.
Dris became the African Champion in 2022 and won a gold medal at the 2022 Mediterranean Games. He took part in World Judo Championships on 2022 and 2023.
He was disqualified from the 2024 Paris Olympics judo competition after failing the weigh-in on the day before he was scheduled to face Israeli judoka Tohar Butbul. The International Judo Federation (IJF) said in July 2024 that after the Olympic Games concluded it would investigate the reason that he failed to meet his weight, and that "further action will be taken if needed."
# James A. Connolly

James Austin Connolly (March 8, 1843 – December 15, 1914) was an American lawyer, Civil War veteran, and politician who served two terms as a U.S. Representative from Illinois from 1895 to 1899.

## Biography

James A. Connolly was born in Newark, New Jersey on March 8, 1843, into a family of Irish descent. He moved to Chesterville, Ohio with his parents in 1850.
He attended the common schools and Selby Academy, Chesterville. He served as assistant clerk of the State Senate in 1858 and 1859. He studied law. He was admitted to the bar in 1859 and practiced in Mount Gilead, Ohio. He moved to Charleston, Illinois, in 1861, where he was admitted to the bar.

### Civil War

After the outbreak of the American Civil War, Connolly enlisted in the Union Army as a private in the One Hundred and Twenty-third Regiment, Illinois Volunteer Infantry, in 1862 and was afterwards captain, major, and brevet lieutenant colonel.

### Political career

Connolly served as member of the State House of Representatives from 1872 to 1876, after which he was appointed the United States attorney for the southern district of Illinois, serving from 1876–1885 and again from 1889–1893.
He ran unsuccessfully for election in 1886 to the Fiftieth Congress. He was again nominated in 1888 but declined to run.

### Tenure in Congress

Connolly was elected as a Republican to the Fifty-fourth and Fifty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1895 – March 3, 1899).

### Later career and death

He was not a candidate for renomination in 1898. He resumed the practice of law in Springfield, Illinois, where he died on December 15, 1914. He was interred in Oak Ridge Cemetery.