OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Franz de Paula Adam von Waldstein

Franz de Paula Adam Norbert Wenzel Ludwig Valentin von Waldstein (14 February 1759 – 24 May 1823) was an Austrian soldier, explorer and naturalist.

## Biography

A member of an old noble House of Waldstein, he was born in Vienna, the third son of Count Emanuel Philibert von Waldstein-Wartenberg (1731–1775) and his wife, Princess Maria Anna Theresia von Liechtenstein (1738-1814). His younger brother Count Ferdinand Ernst Gabriel von Waldstein (1762–1823) became known as patron of Ludwig van Beethoven.
Waldstein married Karolina Ferdinandi (1777–1844). As a soldier he took part in Habsburg campaigns against the Ottoman Empire and Russia.
From 1789, he studied the botany of Hungary with Pál Kitaibel. His herbarium is archived in Prague. Together with Kitaibel he wrote Descriptiones et icones plantarum rariorum Hungariae ("descriptions and pictures of the rare plants of Hungary"; M. A. Schmidt, Vienna, three volumes, 1802–1812).
In 1814, Waldstein was appointed member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. He died at his manor in Litvínov (German: Oberleutensdorf), Bohemia. The genus Waldsteinia (Rosaceae) was named after him by Carl Ludwig von Willdenow, as well as a Campanula (bellflower) species (Campanula waldsteiniana) by Josef August Schultes.
# Molar Tooth (Washington)

Molar Tooth is a 7,547-foot-elevation (2,300-meter) granite summit located on the shared border of Okanogan County and Skagit County, in Washington state. The mountain is part of the Okanagan Range which is a subrange of the Cascade Range. Set in the Okanogan–Wenatchee National Forest, Molar Tooth is situated south of Cutthroat Pass, and 0.57 miles (0.92 km) north of Cutthroat Peak, which is also the nearest higher peak. The easiest climbing route is class 4 scrambling, but solid rock provides class 5 technical routes as well. Precipitation runoff from the east side of Molar Tooth drains into tributaries of the Methow River, whereas runoff from the west side drains into tributaries of the Skagit River.

## Climate

Molar Tooth is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Weather fronts originating in the Pacific Ocean move northeast toward the Cascade Mountains. As fronts approach the North Cascades, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range (orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the Cascades. As a result, the west side of the North Cascades experiences high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger. During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer.

## Geology

The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks, ridges, and deep glacial valleys. Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to the various climate differences. These climate differences lead to vegetation variety defining the ecoregions in this area.
The history of the formation of the Cascade Mountains dates back millions of years ago to the late Eocene Epoch. With the North American Plate overriding the Pacific Plate, episodes of volcanic igneous activity persisted. In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago. Molar Tooth is part of the Golden Horn Batholith.
During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving deposits of rock debris. The U-shaped cross section of the river valleys is a result of recent glaciation. Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.

## Gallery

* The Needles (left) and Molar Tooth (shaded) from the southwest
* Cutthroat Peak (left) and Molar Tooth seen from Cutthroat Pass
* Molar Tooth (left), Cutthroat Peak (center) and Whistler Mountain (right) viewed from Maple Pass trail
# Pirkl

Pirkl is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Greg Pirkl (born 1970), American baseball player
* Simon Pirkl (born 1997), Austrian footballer
# Leopold zu Salm-Salm

Nikolaus Leopold Joseph Maria Fürst zu Salm-Salm (18 July 1838 – 16 February 1908) was a German nobleman with an interest in natural history. He was the sixth prince of Salm-Salm from 1886 to 1908 and as Lord of Anholt he was a hereditary member of the Prussian House of Lords from 1888 to 1908. He built a park at his castle in Anholt, with a miniature Lake Lucerne. He controlled coal mining rights in the region.

## Biography

Leopold zu Salm-Salm was the eldest son of Alfred Konstantin zu Salm-Salm and Auguste Adelheid Emanuele Constanze von Croÿ (1815–1886) daughter of Ferdinand Victor Philippe von Croÿ (1791–1865). He was privately educated and had an interest in natural history. He began to observe birds in the region and also made a collection of specimens. He also took an interest in crustaceans. He also took an interest in horses and was involved in their breeding. In 1893, he married Eleonore Leopoldine Aloysia von Croÿ (13 May 1855 – 27 May 1903), daughter of Alexis Wilhelm Zephyrinus Victor von Croÿ (1825–1898) and Franziska Maria Johanna Carolina Aloysia (1833–1908). The spent their honeymoon in Switzerland and on returning he began to construct a Swiss style chalet in his castle and the grounds included a miniature Lake Lucerne.
Owning the rights to all mineral resources in the Principality of Salm, he began to mine coal. The Trier mining company continued after his death and several of the shafts were named after Leopold.
He died childless and was succeeded by his younger brother. Leopold zu Salm-Salm's large collection of crustaceans and bird specimens went to the Westphalian Provincial Museum for Natural History in Münster.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Leopold zu Salm-Salm :
# Bréguet 5

The Bréguet Bre.V B.2 bomber and Bréguet Bre.V Ca.2 escort fighter were French biplanes of World War I which were developments of the Bréguet Bre.IV bomber. The Bre.VI and Bre.XII were, in turn, developments of the Bre.V

## Design and development

This aircraft was a refinement of the escort fighter that Breguet Aviation had designed and was manufactured by Michelin as the Breguet-Michelin BUC. Initially intended to carry the same 37 mm (1.5 in) Hotchkiss cannon that armed the BUC, the Bre.5 was revised at the request of the French Army to carry a 7.7 mm (0.30 in) Lewis Gun fired rearward from atop the biplane's upper wing.

## Operational history

A small number of cannon-armed machines were produced from April 1916 onwards and allotted to bomber units. The British Royal Naval Air Service operated 35 of which ten came from Bréguet, and 25 were built in the United Kingdom by Grahame-White as the G.W.19.
The Bre.6 was similar, but powered by a buried 240 hp (180 kW) Canton-Unné A9 radial engine, and was developed in case production of the Bre.5's Renault engine was unable to keep up with demand. It was also produced both as an escort fighter and as a bomber.
As the Bre.5 reached obsolescence, a number were rebuilt as Bre.12 night fighters and night bombers. The fighter carried a 37 mm (1.5 in) cannon and a searchlight, and had a double nosewheel distinguishing it from previous versions.

## Variants
### Bre.5

    Renault-powered version.

   ### Bre 5 B.2

       Bomber version.

   ### Bre.5 Ca.2

       Cannon-armed escort fighter version.

   ### Grahame White G.W.19

       British-built version for RNAS with Rolls-Royce Falcon engine.

### Bre.6

    Canton-Unné-powered version.

   ### Bre.6 B.2

       Bomber version.

   ### Bre.6Ca.2

       Cannon-armed escort fighter.

### Bre.12

    Bre.5s remanufactured for night fighting

   ### Bre.12 B.2

       Night bomber.

   ### Bre.12 Ca.2

       Cannon-armed night fighter.

## Operators
### France

* French Army

### Romania

* Romanian Air Corps

### United Kingdom

* Royal Naval Air Service

## Specifications (Bre.5 Ca.2)

General characteristics
* Crew: two, pilot and gunner
* Length: 9.90 m (32 ft 10 in)
* Wingspan: 17.50 m (57 ft 8 in)
* Height: 3.90 m (12 ft 9 in)
* Wing area: 57.7 m$^2$ (621 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 1,347 kg (2,970 lb)
* Gross weight: 1,886 kg (4,158 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Renault 12Fb , 164 kW (220 hp)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 136 km/h (83 mph, 72 kn)
* Range: 700 km (435 mi, 378 nmi)
* Endurance: 6 hours 15 minutes
* Service ceiling: 4,300 m (14,110 ft)
* Rate of climb: 1.2 m/s (236 ft/min)
Armament
* 1 × trainable 37 mm (1.46 in) Hotchkiss cannon in front cockpit
# Darin Toohey

Darin W. Toohey is an American atmospheric scientist. He is a professor of atmospheric and oceanic sciences and of environmental studies at the University of Colorado Boulder since 1999. Toohey's research addresses the role of trace gases and aerosols on Earth's climate, atmospheric oxidation, and air quality. He was a Jefferson Science Fellow at the United States Department of State, 2011-2012.

## Career

Toohey received a B.S. in chemistry and a B.A. in physics at California State University, Fullerton in 1982 and a Ph.D. in applied physics at Harvard University in 1988. He was a postdoctoral fellow in applied physics under Professor James G. Anderson at Harvard, 1988-1991. In 1991 he joined the Department of Earth System Science at the University of California Irvine, which he helped establish and served as assistant and associate professor from 1991 until 1998. The following year he joined the University of Colorado Boulder as an associate professor, achieving full professor in 2004. At Colorado, Toohey has been a director of the Baker Residential Academic Program, interim director of the Sustainability and Social Innovation Residential Academic Program, and director of the Global Studies Residential Academic Program.

### Research

His research addresses the chemistry and dynamics of Earth's atmosphere, with particular emphasis on observations of trace gases and aerosols and their impact on stratospheric ozone, the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere, and radiation balance. His group studies stratospheric ozone depletion over the Arctic, the impact of rockets on stratospheric chemistry, long-range transport of pollutants, and the role of aerosols in modification of cloud properties. He has participated in over forty field campaigns, most involving research aircraft and scientific balloons. They have conducted work in Antarctica, Spitsbergen, New Zealand, Sweden, Nepal, the Virgin Islands, Alaska, Hawaii, and throughout the continental United States. He develops instruments for fast-response in situ measurements from the ground, balloons, and aircraft. His work helped demonstrate the link between chlorine-containing and bromine-containing compounds on the destruction of ozone over the Arctic and Antarctic.
# Alexander von Frantzius

Alexander von Frantzius (10 June 1821, in Danzig – 18 July 1877) was a German physician and naturalist.
He studied medicine at the universities of Heidelberg, Erlangen, Halle and Berlin, where in 1846, he obtained his doctorate. In 1853, with fellow naturalist, Karl Hoffmann, he journeyed to Costa Rica, where he would spend the next 15 years conducting geographical, climatological, ethnographical and zoological research. Many of the zoological specimens he collected were sent to Jean Cabanis at the Berlin Museum.
After arriving in Costa Rica, he settled in Alajuela (1854), later setting up a successful pharmacy in San José, an institution that eventually became known as the Botica Francesa. Here he employed José Castulo Zeledón as an assistant. He returned to Germany in 1868, settling in Heidelberg, from where he served as secretary of the Gesellschaft für Anthropologie (German Anthropological Society). In July 1877, he died in Freiburg from lung disease.
He is commemorated in the names of a number of animals, including the prong-billed barbet Semnornis frantzii, the fiery-billed aracari Pteroglossus frantzii, the mountain elaenia Elaenia frantzii and the ruddy-capped nightingale-thrush Catharus frantzii. The botanical genus Frantzia (Cucurbitaceae) was named in his honor by Henri Pittier.
# Yasuaki

Yasuaki is a masculine Japanese given name.

## Written forms

Yasuaki can be written using many different combinations of kanji characters. Here are some examples:
* 康明, "healthy, bright"
* 康朗, "healthy, clear"
* 康昭, "healthy, clear"
* 康秋, "healthy, autumn"
* 康晶, "healthy, sparkle"
* 靖明, "peaceful, bright"
* 靖朗, "peaceful, clear"
* 靖昭, "peaceful, clear
* 靖秋, "peaceful, autumn"
* 靖晶, "peaceful, sparkle"
* 安明, "tranquil, bright"
* 安昭, "tranquil, clear"
* 安秋, "tranquil, autumn"
* 保明, "preserve, bright"
* 保昭, "preserve, clear"
* 保秋, "preserve, autumn"
* 泰明, "peaceful, bright"
* 泰昭, "peaceful, clear"
* 泰晃, "peaceful, clear"
* 易明, "divination, bright"
* 易晶, "divination, history"
* 恭明, "respectful, bright"
The name can also be written in hiragana やすあき or katakana ヤスアキ.

## Notable people with the name

* Yasuaki Aida (会田 安明, 1747–1817), Japanese mathematician
* Yasuaki Kato (加藤 泰明, born 1976), Japanese footballer
* Yasuaki Kato (加藤 泰秋, 1846–1926), Japanese daimyō
* Yasuaki Kurata (倉田 保昭, born 1946), Japanese actor
* Yasuaki Mitsumori (三森 泰明, born 1946), Japanese volleyball player
* Yasuaki Murayama (村山 慈明, born 1984), Japanese shogi player
* Yasuaki Okamoto (岡本 賢明, born 1988), Japanese footballer
* Yasuaki Oshima (大島 康明, born 1981), Japanese footballer
* Yasuaki Shimizu (清水 靖晃, born 1954), Japanese composer and saxophonist
* Yasuaki Tsukada (塚田 泰明, born 1964), Japanese shogi player
* Yasuaki Yamasaki (山崎 康晃, born 1992), Japanese professional baseball player
# Charles Johnstone

Charles Johnstone (c. 1719–1800) was an Irish novelist. Prevented by deafness from practising at the Irish Bar, he went to India, where he was proprietor of a newspaper. He wrote one successful book, Chrysal, or the Adventures of a Guinea, a somewhat sombre satire.

## Life

Born at Carrigogunnell, County Limerick about 1719, he was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, but is not known to have taken a degree. He was called to the bar, but extreme deafness prevented his practice except as a chamber lawyer, where he did not succeed. He began to write as a living.
In May 1782, Johnstone sailed for India, with a dangerous shipwreck on the voyage. He found employment in writing for the Bengal newspaper press, under the signature of "Oneiropolos". He became in time joint proprietor of a journal, and prospered. He died at Calcutta about 1800.

## Works

Johnstone's major work, entitled Chrysal, or the Adventures of a Guinea, and frequently reprinted, appeared in 4 vols., London, 1760–65. The first and second volumes had been written during a visit to George Edgcumbe, 3rd Baron Edgcumbe in Devon. The book, a succès de scandale, claimed to reveal political secrets, and to expose the profligacy of well-known public characters.
Johnstone was also the author of:
* The Reverie, or a Flight to the Paradise of Fools, 2 vols. London, 1762.
* The History of Arsaces, Prince of Betlis, 2 vols. 1774.
* The Pilgrim, or a Picture of Life, 2 vols. 1775.
* History of John Juniper, Esq., alias Juniper Jack, 3 vols. 1781.
# O'Shúilleabháin clan

The O'Shúilleabháin clan were a bandit group who attempted to set up a sovereign state in Ireland in the early 15th century, led by Seán O'Shúilleabháin.
The most notable of the campaigns by the O'Shúilleabháin clan was the establishment of a settlement called Bellewstown on the Hill of Crockafotha in County Meath. From here they oppressed the local people who eventually rose up under the command of Darren Bellew, and overthrew the O'Shúilleabháin clan.
* This article about an organisation in Ireland is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
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# Matt Tennant

Matthew H. Tennant (born March 19, 1987) is an American former professional football player who was a center in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Boston College Eagles and was considered one of the best centers available for the 2010 NFL draft. He was drafted by the New Orleans Saints in the fifth round and played with the Saints for two years.

## Early life

Tennant attended Moeller High School in Cincinnati, Ohio, where he was a three-year starter on the offensive line and senior team captain. He gained Associated Press All-State second-team honors and was named a 2004 All-American by SuperPrep.
Considered a three-star recruit by Rivals.com, Tennant was listed as the No. 55 offensive guard prospect in the nation in 2005. He chose Boston College over offers from Indiana, Kentucky, Penn State, and Purdue.

## College career

After redshirting his initial year at Boston College, Tennant saw action in five games in the 2006 season. In his sophomore season, Tennant succeeded Kevin Sheridan as the Eagles' center. He started all 14 games for the Eagles in 2007 and helped the team to finish with 5,924 yards of total offense, while quarterback Matt Ryan passed for 4,507 yards.
As a junior, Tennant remained BC's starting center and played in all 14 games. The Eagles' line allowed only 21 quarterback sacks with a pair of first-year starting quarterbacks behind them. Tennant's performance earned him an All-ACC honorable mention.
Prior to his senior season, Tennant was voted a team captain. He started all games for the Eagles and anchored an offensive line that ranked 35th in the country in sacks allowed (1.42). He subsequently earned Second-team All-American honors by the Walter Camp Foundation.

## Professional career
### Pre-draft

Projected as a second-round selection by Sports Illustrated, Tennant was ranked as the No. 2 available in the 2010 NFL draft, behind only Maurkice Pouncey.

### New Orleans Saints

Tennant was selected by the Saints in the fifth round of the 2010 NFL draft with the 158th overall pick. He signed a four-year contract with the Saints on July 22, 2010. He was cut in 2012.

### New England Patriots

Tennant was claimed off waivers by the New England Patriots on September 1, 2012, but was cut on September 4 when the Patriots needed to make room on the roster for running back Lex Hilliard. Tennant was again signed by New England as an emergency depth option because of the injuries to Guard Logan Mankins and Tackle Nick McDonald.
Tennant was released by the Patriots on October 20, 2012.

### Philadelphia Eagles

Tennant was signed by the Philadelphia Eagles on October 23, 2012, after the Eagles released center Steve Vallos, who replaced injured starting center Jason Kelce. He was released on August 30, 2013.
# David Walsh (basketball)

David H. Walsh (October 5, 1889 – June 2, 1975) was an American basketball referee.
He was born in Hoboken, New Jersey. As an adult, he weighed 165 pounds (75 kg) and was 5 feet 11 inches (1.80 m) tall. He graduated from Hoboken High School in 1907, Montclair Teachers College (now Montclair State University) in 1911, and the Sargent School of Physical Education in 1914.
He began officiating in 1911, starting at high schools and working his way up until he was ranked one of the top six referees in the Eastern seaboard. He also co-authored the first Manual of Basketball Officiating.
He was inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame in 1961 as a referee.
# Lost Signs

Lost Signs (French: Mystère) is a French television miniseries. The plot revolves around alien abductions. In France, the miniseries was first launched on 20 June 2007. The miniseries stars Toinette Laquière, who previously acted in another miniseries which was also written by Malina Detcheva and Franck Ollivier called Zodiac Murders 2.

## Cast

* Toinette Laquière : Laure de Lestrade
** Louna Baudry : Young Laure
* Arnaud Binard : Xavier Mayer
* Yann Sundberg : François de Lestrade
* Babsie Steger : Erika de Lestrade
* Marisa Berenson : Irène de Lestrade
* François Vincentelli : Lorenzo Dallaglio
* Antoine de Prekel : Lucas de Lestrade
* Xavier Lafitte : Christopher Leroux
* Lio : Michèle Costa
* Farida Rahouadj : Lise Alban
* Cécile Pallas : Jeanne Laborde
* Samantha Marciszewer : Julie
* Zoé Duthion : Manon Dallaglio
* Ronald Guttman : Professeur Roger / Gaston Denis
* Fanny Cottençon : Anne de Lestrade
* Jean-Philippe Écoffey : Paul Costa
* Samuel Jouy : Thierry Courcelles
* Bernard Blancan : Simon Castaneda
* Adama Niane : Paolo Bruni
* Karen Alyx : Nurse Sandrine
* Patrick Bauchau : Général de Lestrade
* Max Boublil : Tom
# Crithe

Crithe is a genus of minute sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family Cystiscidae. This genus is sometimes still placed within the Marginellidae.
These tiny gastropods have a shell which is colorless and is transparent when fresh.

## Distribution

This genus is found in the Indo-Pacific.

## Shell description

Shell minute to small, white, hyaline; spire usually immersed, rarely low; lip thickened, smooth, lacking denticulation; external varix absent; siphonal notch absent; posterior notch absent; columella multiplicate, with 6-8 plications plus parietal lirae, plications usually excavated inside aperture due to collabral parietal callus ridge.

## Species

Species within the genus Crithe include:
* Crithe algoensis (Smith, 1901)
* Crithe atomaria Gould, 1860
* Crithe caledonica Boyer, 2003
* Crithe cassidiformis Boyer, 2018
* Crithe cossinea Cossignani, 1997
* Crithe gofasi Boyer, 2003
* Crithe huna (Kay, 1979)
* Crithe marianoi Cossignani, 2001
* Crithe nanaoensis (Habe, 1951)
* Crithe nipponica (Habe, 1951)
* Crithe togatulus Boyer, 2018
# Al-Tweinah

Al-Tweinah (Arabic: التوينة) is a town in central al-Hasakah Governorate, northeastern Syria.
Administratively the town belongs to the Nahiya al-Hasakah of al-Hasakah District. At the 2004 census, it had a population of 5,062.