OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pothole (geology)

A geological pothole is a natural depression in the rock filled with cooled magma, creating a fault. In horizontal section, potholes are roughly circular to elliptical and vary in diameter from 20 m to more than 1 km. In vertical section, their shape is generally dish-like and may be quite asymmetric.

## Formation

Potholes are frequently encountered during mining operations in the Bushveld Igneous Complex in South Africa. The massive intrusion of molten magma, predating the nearby Vredefort impact by at least 30 million years, led to partial to complete melting of the cumulus floor already in place. Flow and turbulence, high temperatures, and chemical reactions sculpted and potholed the surface of the floor in a process similar to the erosion caused by running water that results in a riverbed pothole. With the end of the outpouring, when emplacement ceased, cooling of the magma started, leaving the potholes filled, and creating a fault surface at the interface of the pothole and the filling magma. The final phase was when crystallisation of chromitite was followed by that of pyroxene and plagioclase, while the contents of the potholes, also consisting of UG2 or Merensky Reef, but having followed a different cooling profile, showed little or no crystallisation of chromitite.

## Mining

In the Bushveld Igneous Complex, two orebodies, the Upper Group 2 (UG2) and the Merensky Reef, host about 70% of the world's platinum group metals (PGM), and pose major extraction problems for the mining industry in their faults, dykes, joints, domes, iron-rich ultramafic pegmatoids, rolls and dunite pipes. The greatest mining problems, though, are presented by potholes.
The problems posed by potholes to mining operations are rooted in the fracturing and fragmentation of the material in potholes and their surroundings. These lead to ground instabilities, especially in the hanging wall, and serious safety hazards. Mining is generally abandoned when more than about 40% of the raise line is potholed. A crew for developing new raise lines is usually on standby for such cases, incurring considerable development and labour costs.
# Sarò libera

Sarò libera is the second studio album by Italian singer Emma Marrone, released on September 20, 2011 by Universal. The album is preceded by the eponymous single "Sarò libera", released September 2, 2011 and subsequently certified Gold disc. The album reached the highest position as the #43 Switzerland in the Swiss Music Charts, remaining there for eight weeks, and came straight to Number 1 in Italy, with the two versions.
After Marrones participation in the Sanremo Music Festival 2012, on February 15, 2012 a new edition of the album was published, called Sanremo Edition, with a dual version of "Non è l'inferno", a song that won the festival, and a cover of "Nel blu dipinto di blu".
The single "Non è l'inferno", certified disc multiplatinum, debuted straight to 1st place in Italy while Switzerland reaches the 19th position. The fourth single, "Cercavo amore", was certified Platinum disc.
The fifth single from the album was "Maledetto quel giorno", the soundtrack of the campaign Hyundai i20 Sound Edition. On November 11, the website of Il Corriere della Sera released a preview of the music video of the song, not as a single statement, "Non sono solo te", included in Sarò libera, of which Emma is both producer and Screenwriter.
The album Sarò libera was certified double platinum by the Federation of the Italian Music Industry.

## Promotion
### Sarò libera Tour

From July 10, 2012 Emma Marrone was on tour with the Sarò libera Tour. A single date abroad was in London on 8 in October 2012, at Koko Club. Sarò libera Tour sold more than 160,000 tickets (excluding stages with free admission) and sold out in almost every concert.

## Charts

Chart performance for Sarò libera :
| Chart (2011) | Peak position |
| Italian Albums (FIMI) | 1 |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 43 |

### Year-end charts

Year-end chart performance for Sarò libera :
| Chart (2011) | Position |
| Italian Albums (FIMI) | 27 |
| Chart (2012) | Position |
| Italian Albums (FIMI) | 8 |

## Certifications

Certifications for Sarò libera :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Italy (FIMI) | 3× Platinum | 180,000$^*$ |
| $^*$ Sales figures based on certification alone. |||
# Palamedu

Palamedu is a panchayat town in Madurai district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

## Geography

Palamedu is located in Madurai near Alanganallur with the coordinates of (10°06′15″N 78°06′47″E﻿ / ﻿10.1043°N 78.1130°E﻿ / 10.1043; 78.1130). It has an average elevation of 244.51 m. (802.24 ft.).

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Palamedu had a population of 8187. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Palamedu has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 69%, and female literacy is 54%. In Palamedu, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.

## Politics

Palamedu comes under Sholavandan Assembly constituency. sholavandan assembly constituency is a part of Theni Lok Sabha constituency

## Economy

Palamedu has a moderate monsoon climate condition. People in this area are mainly cultivating 'Guava', 'Ground nut', 'Sugar Cane', 'Paddy (Rice)', etc. More people are engaged in producing dairy products. Milk is supplied to all over the southern parts of Tamil Nadu.
# Nagybarca

Nagybarca is a village in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, Hungary.
# Diana: Her True Story (film)

Diana: Her True Story is a 1993 biographical drama television film based on the life of Diana, Princess of Wales. It is based on the book of the same name by Andrew Morton, who also served as screenwriter and producer of the adaptation.

## Cast
### Starring

* Serena Scott Thomas as Princess Diana
* David Threlfall as Prince Charles

### Also starring

* Elizabeth Garvie as Camilla Parker Bowles
* Donald Douglas as Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
* Jemma Redgrave as Carolyn Bartholomew
* Jeremy Child as Alfred Drake-Kinney
* William Franklyn as Lord Mountbatten
* Jean Anderson as Lady Fermoy
* Anne Stallybrass as Queen Elizabeth II

### Co-starring

* Belle Connor as Diana Spencer (age 6)
* Tracy Hardwick as Sarah Ferguson
* Aletta Lawson as Princess Anne
* Cornelia Hayes O'Herlihy as Jane Spencer
* Helen Masters as Sarah Spencer
* Gabrielle Blunt as The Queen Mother
* Christopher Bowen as James Gilbey
* Robert Reynolds as Sergeant Mannakee
* Rowland Davies as Earl Spencer
* Adam Blackwood as Christopher
* Alan Shearman as Reporter 1
* David Ryall as Reporter 2

### Featuring

* Jeffrey Harmer as Prince Andrew
* Robin Hart
* Anthony Calf
* Georgia Reece
* Harvey Ashby
* Nicholas Bastian
* Barclay Wright
* John Vine
* Tessa Shaw as Countess Spencer

## Competition

The American ABC network was quicker off the mark, and soon after Morton's book Diana: Her True Story was published in May 1992, the television movie Charles and Diana: Unhappily Ever After went into production, and aired for the first time in December 1992.
# José M. Manalo

Dr. José M. Manalo was a Filipino author of English language books.

## Education

He earned his Bachelor of Arts (AB) degree in 1950 and his Master of Arts (MA) degree in 1961 from the Ateneo de Manila University.

## Career

He served as president of the Rotary Club of the Philippines and communications consultant to a number of business firms, set up the first speech laboratory of Philippine Airlines (PAL), and gave the first formal speech training of its flight stewards and stewardesses in the 1950s.
As an educator, he acted as dean of the Institute of Arts and Sciences at the Philippine College of Commerce [now Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP)]; dean of the college of liberal arts at Mount Carmel College of Baler (MCC Baler); head of the English and speech departments of the University of Manila (UM); speech and drama director of Saint Paul's College of Quezon City (SPCQC) (now Saint Paul University of Quezon City), Saint Joseph's College of Quezon City (SJCQC), and the UM; speech consultant and speech instructor of PAL, Philippine Air Force (PAF), and San Miguel Corporation (SMC); and professor of English grammar, composition, literature, speech, dramatics, radio-television broadcasting, and the humanities at the University of the East (UE), UM, Far Eastern University (FEU), Centro Escolar University (CEU), National Teachers College (NTC), La Concordia College, Stella Maris College of Quezon City, SJCQC, SPCQC, MCC Baler, Immaculate Heart of Mary College in Quezon City, and Ateneo de Manila University.
# April Fairfield

April Fairfield is an American politician from the state of North Dakota. She is a member of the Democratic Party.
Fairfield served in the North Dakota House of Representatives from 1996 to 2002, and the North Dakota State Senate from 2002 to 2006. She currently works as the executive director of the Head Injury Association of North Dakota, a nonprofit group.
Fairfield ran for Secretary of State of North Dakota in the 2014 election.
Fairfield and her husband, Steve DeLap, have a daughter, Kennedy, who was born in March 2001.
# Saint-Claude, Quebec

Saint-Claude (French pronunciation: ) is a municipality in Quebec.

## Demographics
### Language

Mother tongue (2011)
| Language | Population | Pct (%) |
| French only | 1,070 | 96.8% |
| English only | 30 | 2.7% |
| English and French | 5 | 0.5% |
| Non-official languages | 0 | 0.0% |
# Arkedo Studio

Arkedo Studio was a French independent video game developer, founded in 2006 by Camille Guermonprez and Aurélien Régard. The company released their first game, Nervous Brickdown for the Nintendo DS, in 2007. They followed that game with 2009's Big Bang Mini—also for DS, and then later OMG: Our Manic Game for Windows Phone 7. The company's founding goal was to be "as small as possible", while still creating "'real' games - in boxes, with a manual". The company's owners have sought to retain the rights to their intellectual properties; as of January 2010, they continue to hold them all. On February 23, 2013, it was announced that the studio was shutting down.

## Games developed

| Game title | Year released | Platform(s) | Notes |
| Nervous Brickdown | 2007 | Nintendo DS | The developer's first project. Published by Eidos in North America and Europe. Success published the Japanese version. |
| Big Bang Mini | 2009 | Nintendo DS | Published by SouthPeak Games. |
| Arkedo Series - 01 JUMP! | 2009 | Xbox Live Indie Games, PlayStation Network | The first game in the Arkedo series. |
| Arkedo Series - 02 SWAP! | 2009 | Xbox Live Indie Games, PlayStation Network | The second game in the Arkedo series. |
| Arkedo Series - 03 PIXEL! | 2009 | Xbox Live Indie Games, PlayStation Network | The third and final game in the Arkedo series. |
| OMG: Our Manic Game | 2010 | Windows Phone | |
| Hell Yeah! Wrath of the Dead Rabbit | 2012 | Steam, Xbox Live Arcade, PlayStation Network | Published by Sega. |
| Poöf vs. the Cursed Kitty | 2013 | Steam, Windows | Published by Neko Entertainment. |
# San Nicolás de Bari Airport

San Nicolás de Bari Airport (IATA: QSN, ICAO: MUNB) is an airport serving San Nicolás de Bari, a municipality of the Mayabeque Province in Cuba.

## Facilities

The airport resides at an elevation of 15 m (49 ft) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 06/24 with an asphalt surface measuring 1,023 m × 24 m (3,356 ft × 79 ft).
# The Light That Blinds

"The Light That Blinds" is the first track from heavy metal band Shadows Fall's fourth studio album The War Within.
This song is featured in the video game Guitar Hero II.

## Song meaning

Brian Fair has stated that, "This song is about how people, TV, and other influences can convince you to be something you are not, and you stay that way because you think it makes you better or more popular, but inside you do not really feel that way and it disguises your true identity."

## Personnel

* Brian Fair – vocals
* Jonathan Donais – lead guitar
* Matt Bachand – rhythm guitar
* Paul Romanko – bass
* Jason Bittner – drums
# Beaufort, Malaysia

Beaufort (/ˈboʊfərt/ BOH-fərt) is the capital of the Beaufort District in the Interior Division of Sabah, Malaysia. It was named after former British Governor Leicester Paul Beaufort. Its population was estimated to be around 12,742 in 2010. It is about 90 kilometres south of Kota Kinabalu and about 167 kilometres north of Long Pasia (one of the famous tourist attractions in Interior Division). It has shophouses built high above the roads to avoid the periodic floods of the Padas River. The population of Beaufort is composed mainly of Bisaya, Brunei Malays, Kadazan-Dusuns, Lun Bawang/Lun Dayeh, Muruts and Chinese (mainly Hakkas). Bisaya are the majority ethnic, and the population is scattered around the town. Like other towns in Sabah such as Kota Kinabalu city (including Penampang), Tuaran, Papar, Tawau, Kudat and Tenom, Beaufort was one of the major initial Hakka population centres in Sabah and still has a large Hakka minority.

## History

Originally set up to help economic development of the interior of Sabah, Beaufort's early prosperity was closely linked to rubber cultivation. During World War II, it was the site of a battle between Japanese and Australian forces in late June 1945.

## Economy

Its current prosperity depends on the booming palm oil industry, rubber, pineapple, mangoes, durian and livestock.

## Transportation

Beaufort railway station is a stop on the Sabah State Railway (Jabatan Keretapi Negeri Sabah) line from Tanjung Aru to Tenom. Beaufort is usually visited by tourists for white-water rafting through the nearby Padas Gorge on the Padas River, which is rated as a Grade 2 to 4 river.

## Healthcare

Medical services are provided by the 140 bed government hospital which has primary care and basic secondary care services. There are three private practitioners within the town area.

## Shopping

The open-air market, locally known as tamu, is held weekly from Friday evening until Saturday afternoon. Local produce such as fresh fruits, vegetables, fresh meat and live poultry are sold.
There is a recently developed shopping area which includes superstore branches.

## Cuisine

Beaufort is also known in Sabah for its local cuisine called ambuyat. Sweet Sambal bambangan is also a popular option, as well as other local dishes such as tapai manis, jelurut, bingka, rojak, soto, nasi ayam special, cendol pulut, satay, mamak foodstuffs and a Chinese noodle dish called Beaufort Mee, served either dry or with soup. It is also famous for its Beaufort oranges, which are featured as three large sculptures in the centre of the town.

## Sister cities

As designated by Sister Cities International, Beaufort is a sister city of:
* Beaufort, North Carolina, 2013
# Fontana di Santa Maria in Poggio

42°25′10″N 12°06′30″E﻿ / ﻿42.41933°N 12.10820°E﻿ / 42.41933; 12.10820
The Fontana di Santa Maria in Poggio, also called the Fontana della Crocetta or Fontana di Santa Rosa, is a medieval fountain located Piazza della Crocetta, in front of the parish church of Santa Maria in Poggio, in the historic center of Viterbo, region of Lazio, Italy.
A fountain was erected at this site by the early 13th-century, since legend recalls that a fountain was present during the lifetime of St Rose of Viterbo. The church in this piazza was Rose's parish church, and where she remained buried from 1252 to 1258, when she was translocated to the Monastery of Santa Rosa. The small sculpture at the pinnacle of the central spire depicts that putative event where a small girl seeking to fill a pitcher of water, broke the ceramic pitcher, and received a stern reprimand. It is said that Rose comforted the child and miraculously stitched together the broken pitcher. Also in the central spire are heads of a man and a woman and two lions, the latter symbols of Viterbo found in other fountains in town, serving as spigots that pour water into the circular basin.
# Stefania Serafin

Stefania Serafin (born December 30, 1973) is a professor at the Department of Architecture, Design and Media technology at Aalborg University in Copenhagen.

## Education

Stefania Serafin completed her master's degree in acoustics, computer science and signal processing applied to music, from IRCAM (Paris) in 1997. Following, she received her PhD in computer-based music theory and acoustics from Stanford University in 2004.

## Career

In 2018, Stefania Serafin was employed as professor at the Department of Architecture, Design and Media technology at Aalborg University in Copenhagen. Before becoming a professor Serafin worked as an associate professor and lecturer, also at Aalborg University. As a researcher, her focus lies on sound models and sound design for interactive media and multimodal interfaces.
Serafin holds the position as president of the organization, Sound and Music Computing Network, which is a portal for the sound and music computing community. Also, she is the project leader of ‘The Nordic Sound and Music Computing Network (NordicSMC)’, which is a university hub for sound and music computing led by the fields internationally leading researchers from the Nordic countries.

## Selected publications

· F. Avanzini, S. Serafin and D. Rocchesso, "Interactive Simulation of rigid body interaction with friction-induced sound generation," in IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 1073–1081, Sept. 2005.
· Y. Visell, F. Fontana, B.L. Giordano, R. Nordahl, S. Serafin, R. Bresin, Sound design and perception in walking interactions, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, Volume 67, Issue 11, 2009, Pages 947–959.
· R. Nordahl, S. Serafin and L. Turchet, "Sound synthesis and evaluation of interactive footsteps for virtual reality applications," 2010 IEEE Virtual Reality Conference (VR), Waltham, MA, 2010, pp. 147–153.
· L. Turchet, R. Nordahl, S. Serafin, A. Berrezag, S. Dimitrov and V. Hayward, "Audio-haptic physically-based simulation of walking on different grounds," 2010 IEEE International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing, Saint Malo, 2010, pp. 269–273.
# HNLMS O 24

O 24, laid down K XXIV was an O 21-class submarine of the Royal Netherlands Navy that saw service during World War II. The most famous occupant of O-24 was Piet de Jong, who was the commanding officer from 1944 until 1946 and who later became Minister of Defence in 1963 and served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 1967 until 1971.

## Ship history

The submarine was laid down on 12 November 1937 as K XXIV at the Rotterdamsche Droogdok Maatschappij (RDM) shipyard in Rotterdam. During construction she was renamed O 24, and was finally launched on 18 March 1940. Following the German invasion of 10 May 1940, O 24 was hastily commissioned, still incomplete, and sailed for England on 13 May, to be finally completed at the Thornycroft shipyard at Southampton.
From September 1940 she was attached to the 9th Submarine Flotilla at Dundee for patrols in the North Sea and off the Norwegian coast. In March 1941 she joined the 8th Submarine Flotilla at Gibraltar for operations in the Bay of Biscay and Atlantic Ocean, and convoy patrol duties. She also operated off the east coast of Italy, sinking several ships.
In July 1942 O 24 was transferred to the British Eastern Fleet based at Colombo in Ceylon for operations in the Indian Ocean. Her patrols took her into the Strait of Malacca, off Sumatra, and around the Andaman Islands, attacking Japanese shipping and also landing small groups of British special forces on various islands. In mid-1944 she was refitted at the Philadelphia Navy Yard, then sailed for Fremantle, Australia, for further operations in the East Indies. After the Japanese surrender she was based at Batavia, before finally returning to the Netherlands in April 1946.
O 24 was reduced to the status of training ship in 1947, and was decommissioned in June 1955 to serve as a floating battery until 1958, then as an instruction vessel until 1962 when she was struck, and sold for scrapping the following year.

## Victories

Ships sunk by O 24.
| Date | Ship name | Nationality/Type | Tonnage (GRT) | Coordinates |
| 12 June 1941 | Fianona | Italian tanker | 6600 | 43°08′N 10°30′E﻿ / ﻿43.133°N 10.500°E﻿ / 43.133; 10.500 |
| 12 June 1941 | V 121 Carloforte | Italian auxiliary patrol vessel | 143 | 43°45′N 09°20′E﻿ / ﻿43.750°N 9.333°E﻿ / 43.750; 9.333 |
| 6 August 1941 | Bombardiere | Italian freighter | 613 | 41°47′N 12°06′E﻿ / ﻿41.783°N 12.100°E﻿ / 41.783; 12.100 |
| 7 August 1941 | Margherita Madre | Italian schooner | 296 | 41°23′N 12°28′E﻿ / ﻿41.383°N 12.467°E﻿ / 41.383; 12.467 |
| 6 September 1941 | V 63 Carla | Italian auxiliary patrol vessel | 347 | 43°45′N 09°21′E﻿ / ﻿43.750°N 9.350°E﻿ / 43.750; 9.350 |
| 9 September 1941 | Italo Balbo | Italian freighter | 5114 | 42°47′N 09°57′E﻿ / ﻿42.783°N 9.950°E﻿ / 42.783; 9.950 |
| 21 February 1943 | Bandai Maru | Japanese coaster | 165 | 07°52′N 98°16′E﻿ / ﻿7.867°N 98.267°E﻿ / 7.867; 98.267 |
| 20 August 1943 | Chosa Maru | Japanese auxiliary gunboat | 2538 | 05°09′N 100°10′E﻿ / ﻿5.150°N 100.167°E﻿ / 5.150; 100.167 |
| 14 Apr 1945 | Goenoeng Talang II | Japanese sailing cargo vessel | 40 | 02°20′S 100°49′E﻿ / ﻿2.333°S 100.817°E﻿ / -2.333; 100.817 |
# HMS Bulwark

Seven ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Bulwark, after the reference to the Navy as the 'bulwark' (defence) of the country:
* HMS Bulwark was to have been a 74-gun third rate. She was ordered in 1778 but was cancelled in 1783.
* HMS Bulwark (1807) was a 74-gun third rate launched in 1807. She was previously planned to be called HMS Scipio, but was renamed in 1806 before being launched. She took part in the blockade of Rochefort in 1813 and fought in the War of 1812. She was broken up in 1826.
* HMS Bulwark was to have been an 81-gun screw propelled Bulwark-class second rate. She was laid down in 1859, but work was suspended in 1861, and she was eventually cancelled and broken up in 1873.
* HMS Bulwark was previously the planned 110-gun first rate HMS Howe. She was kept in reserve and was renamed Bulwark in 1885 when she became a training ship. She was renamed HMS Impregnable in 1886, and then HMS Bulwark again in 1919. She was sold for breaking up in 1921.
* HMS Bulwark (1899) was a London-class battleship launched in 1899 and blown up by accident in 1914.
* HMS Bulwark (R08) was a Centaur-class light fleet carrier launched in 1948, and commissioned as a fleet carrier in 1954. She was converted to a commando carrier in 1959, recommissioned in that role in January 1960. She was broken up in 1984.
* HMS Bulwark (L15) is an Albion-class amphibious assault ship launched in 2001 and currently in service.
# Terry Adevoso

Eleuterio "Terry" Lavengco Adevoso, also known by his nom de guerre, "Terry Magtanggol" (February 20, 1922 – March 22, 1975) was a Filipino war hero famous for his role as leader and co-founder of Hunters ROTC guerilla unit during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines.$^{:206}$
He was appointed as Secretary of Labor in 1954, under the term of President Ramon Magsaysay. He ran for the Philippine Senate in 1959, but lost.
As a member of the opposition, Adevoso was arrested upon the declaration of Martial Law in September 1972. He was only released in September 1974 after languishing in jail as a political prisoner for two years.

## Personal life

Terry married Carmen N. Ferrer after the war and had one child, Jesus Terry F. Adevoso (born 1946). He has three grandchildren, only two of whom he actually met; Johanna Patricia Adevoso-Cañal (born 1970) and Jay Paolo Adevoso (born 1971). The third grandchild, Jenna Crystal Adevoso-Galang, was born in 1985.