OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# James A. D. Richards

James Alexander Dudley Richards (March 22, 1845 – December 4, 1911) was an American lawyer and politician who served as a U.S. Representative from Ohio for one term from 1893 to 1895.

## Early life and career

Richards was born in Boston, Massachusetts, and spent his early life there and in New York City, where he received a common-school education. He moved to New Philadelphia, Ohio, in 1861. He studied law. He was admitted to the bar in 1867 and commenced practice in New Philadelphia.

## Congress

Richards was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-third Congress (March 4, 1893 – March 3, 1895). He served as chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Fifty-third Congress). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1894 to the Fifty-fourth Congress.

## Later career

He resumed the practice of law in Washington, D.C., and subsequently returned to New Philadelphia, Ohio, and continued the practice of his profession.

## Death

He died in New Philadelphia, on December 4, 1911. He was interred in the East Fair Street Cemetery.

## Sources

* United States Congress. "James A. D. Richards (id: R000213)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
U.S. House of Representatives :
| Preceded byAlbert J. Pearson | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Ohio's 17th congressional district 1893-1895 | Succeeded byAddison S. McClure |
This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
# Thomas Rivers

Thomas Rivers (September 18, 1819 – March 18, 1863) was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives for the 10th congressional district of Tennessee.

## Biography

Rivers was born in Franklin County, Tennessee, on September 18, 1819. He received an academic education and attended La Grange College in Alabama. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1839.

## Career

Rivers began his practice of law in Somerville, Tennessee. He also served for many years in the state militia ranking as a brigadier general.
Elected as the candidate of the American Party to the Thirty-fourth Congress, but not a candidate for renomination in 1856, Rivers served from March 4, 1855, to March 3, 1857.
Resuming his profession, Rivers continued the practice of law until his death on his plantation near Somerville, Tennessee.

## Death

Rivers died on March 18, 1863. He is interred in Somerville Cemetery, Somerville, Tennessee.
# William M. Adams

William "Bill" M. Adams (born 1955) is a British geographer. He is the Claudio Segré professor of conservation and development at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva. He was previously professor of Conservation and Development in the Department of Geography at the University of Cambridge.

## Personal life

Adams studied geography and graduated with a B.A. from the University of Cambridge, followed by an M.Sc. in conservation, from the University College London. He obtained a Ph.D. at the University of Cambridge. He has been awarded an Honorary Doctorate from the University of Stockholm, and the Royal Geographical Society's Busk Medal in 2004.

## Work

Bill Adams is a member of the Political Ecology group. He explores the ideas behind conservation initiatives and resource management, and the implications of these ideas in practice.
His research fields are:
* Conservation of landscapes that have been heavily modified by human influences (Sahel, urban environment)
* the political ecology of nature conservation at the landscape level
* the institutional large-scale ecological restoration of ecosystems
* Ecosystem services and protection concepts

## Publications
### Books

* Adams (2003): Beyond Extinction: The Story of Conservation. Kogan Page.
* Adams (2003): Future Nature: a vision for conservation. Revised edition, Earthscan.
* Adams and Mulligan (2003): Decolonizing Nature: strategies for conservation a postcolonial era. Earthscan / James & James.
* Adams (2008): Conservation. Routledge.
* Adams (2009): Green Development: environment and sustainability in a developing world. 3rd edition, Routledge.
* Leader-Williams, Adams and Smith (2010): Trade-offs in Conservation. Wiley-Blackwell.
# Aumale metro station

Aumale (French pronunciation:) is a Brussels Metro station on the western branch of line 5. It is located in the municipality of Anderlecht, in the western part of Brussels, Belgium. The station received its name from the aboveground street Rue d'Aumale/Aumalestraat.
The metro station opened on 6 October 1982 as part of the Beekkant–Saint-Guidon/Sint-Guido extension of former line 1B. Then, following the reorganisation of the Brussels Metro on 4 April 2009, it is served by the extended east–west line 5.
# James Rogers (congressman)

James Rogers (October 24, 1795 – December 21, 1873) was a United States representative from South Carolina. He was born in what is now Goshen Hill Township, Union County, South Carolina. He completed preparatory studies and graduated from South Carolina College at Columbia, South Carolina, in 1813. Later, he studied law and was admitted to the bar and began practice in Yorkville (now York), South Carolina.
Rogers held various local offices before he was elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1835 – March 3, 1837). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1836 to the Twenty-fifth Congress. Years later, he was elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1839 – March 3, 1843). He died in South Carolina, on December 21, 1873, and was buried in what was formerly called the Irish Graveyard at Kings Creek A.R.P. Church near Newberry, South Carolina.
# Robert S. Rose

Robert Selden Rose (February 24, 1774 – November 24, 1835) was a U.S. Representative (1823–1827) from New York.

## Early life and education

Born in Amherst County in the Virginia Colony, Rose attended the common schools.

## Marriage and family

Rose married Jane Lawson in Virginia, and they had seven children, including a son, Robert Lawson Rose (1804–1877), who also served as US Congressman from New York (1847–1851).

## Slave Owner

The 1810 Census shows 37 enslaved people in his household, who worked on his plantation and served in his house. The 1820 Census shows 9 enslaved people. Slavery ended in New York state in 1827, and the 1830 Census shows 3 free people of color in his household and no slaves.

## Career

In an unusual migration path, Rose moved north to Seneca County, New York in 1803. It was a time when millions of acres of public land were sold at inexpensive prices. He purchased land from Dr. Alexander Coventry and settled at Fayette, New York, near Geneva, New York, where he named his plantation Rose Hill.
He was first elected as a member of the state assembly in 1811. He was elected again in 1820 and 1821. That year he also served as a member of the state constitutional convention at Albany, New York.
In 1822 Rose was elected to the Eighteenth Congress as an Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican. He was reelected as an Adams candidate to the Nineteenth Congress, serving in total from March 4, 1823 – March 3, 1827.
The following year, Rose was elected as an anti-Masonic candidate to the Twenty-first Congress (March 4, 1829 – March 3, 1831). He was later affiliated with the Whig Party. After serving in Congress, he resumed agricultural pursuits.
Rose died in Waterloo, New York, while attending a session of the circuit court, on November 24, 1835. He was interred in the Old Pulteney Street Cemetery. Later his remains were reinterred in Glenwood Cemetery, Geneva, New York.
State Senator Robert C. Nicholas (1801–1854) was his son-in-law.
# John E. Russell

John Edwards Russell (January 20, 1834 – October 28, 1903) was a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts.
Born in Greenfield, Massachusetts, Russell was instructed by private tutors. He returned to Massachusetts and became interested in mail transportation west of the Mississippi River and in steamship lines on the Pacific coast. He engaged in agricultural pursuits.
Russell was elected secretary of the Massachusetts State Board of Agriculture in 1880. He was reelected five times.
Russell was elected as a Democrat to the Fiftieth (March 4, 1887 – March 3, 1889). He served as delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1892. He was an unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Massachusetts in 1893 and 1894. He served as member of the Deep Waterways Commission. He died in Leicester, Massachusetts, October 28, 1903. He was interred in Pine Grove Cemetery.
# John G. Schumaker

John Godfrey Schumaker (June 27, 1826 – November 23, 1905) was an American lawyer and politician who served one term as a United States representative from New York from 1869 to 1871.

## Biography

Born in Claverack, Columbia County, Schumaker completed preparatory studies in the Lenox Academy in Massachusetts. He studied law, was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in 1847. In 1853, he moved to Brooklyn and continued the practice of law. He was district attorney for Kings County (Brooklyn) from 1856 to 1859, and was corporation counsel for the city of Brooklyn from 1862 to 1864.
He was a member of the State constitutional conventions in 1862, 1867, and 1894, and was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1864.

### Congress

Schumaker was elected as a Democrat to the Forty-first Congress, holding office from March 4, 1869, to March 3, 1871; he was not a candidate for renomination in 1870, but was elected to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses, again holding office from March 4, 1873, to March 3, 1877. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1876 to the Forty-fifth Congress.

### Later career and death

After leaving Congress, he resumed the practice of law. He died in Brooklyn in 1905; interment was in Green-Wood Cemetery.
# Inquisition: The Persecution and Prosecution of the Reverend Sun Myung Moon

Inquisition: The Persecution and Prosecution of the Reverend Sun Myung Moon is a 1991 book by Carlton Sherwood about the early 1980s investigation and trial of Sun Myung Moon, the leader of the Unification Church, for alleged violations of United States tax law (see United States v. Sun Myung Moon). The book, subtitled The Persecution and Prosecution of the Reverend Sun Myung Moon, alleges that there were elements of racism and religious persecution in the prosecution of the Moon case. The book was published by Regnery Publishing, an American publisher which specializes in conservative books.

## Contents

Inquisition relates the story of Moon's life from his childhood in Korea but mainly focuses on the opposition he encountered in the United States after moving there in the 1970s and being active in religious, social, and political activism. Sherwood mentions opposition by the news media, major Christian denominations, and members of the government including Representative Donald Fraser and Senator Bob Dole. Sherwood characterizes this opposition as unfair, dishonest, and mean-spirited. He concludes that the federal prosecution of Moon on tax charges was unjust, citing the court's refusal to allow Moon's fellow defendant Takeru Kamiyama to provide his own translator, its refusal to allow the two men a bench trial rather than a jury trial, possible tainting of the jury, and the allegedly unusual length of Moon's sentence (18 months) for a U.S. federal tax conviction. He also mentions that Moon could have avoided the trial if he had remained outside of the United States.
Sherwood sums up his views by writing:
   The Unification Church, its leaders and followers were and continue to be the victims of the worst kind of religious prejudice and racial bigotry this country has witnessed in over a century. Moreover, virtually every institution we as Americans hold sacred the Congress, the courts, law enforcement agencies, the press, even the U.S. Constitution itself was prostituted in a malicious, oftentimes brutal manner, as part of a determined effort to wipe out this small but expanding religious movement.

## Criticism of objectivity

In the documentary The Resurrection of Reverend Moon (January 21, 1992), the PBS television series Frontline produced a copy of a letter to Moon, from Unification Church of the United States leader James Gavin. He told Moon that he had reviewed the overall tone and factual contents of the book before publication and suggested revisions. He added: "Mr. Sherwood has assured me that all this will be done when the manuscript is sent to the publisher...When all of our suggestions have been incorporated, the book will be complete and in my opinion will make a significant impact...In addition to silencing our critics now, the book should be invaluable in persuading others of our legitimacy for many years to come."
# Low (Cracker song)

"Low" is a song by American rock band Cracker. It appears on their 1993 album, Kerosene Hat. "Low", a sleeper hit, reached number 64 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart in May 1994. The song's biggest success was on the rock charts, reaching number three on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart in November 1993 and number five on the Billboard Album Rock Tracks chart in March 1994. The music video, directed by Carlos Grasso, portrays lead singer David Lowery losing a boxing match with actress and comedian Sandra Bernhard.
In 2013, Lowery posted an essay on his Trichordist site focused on "Low" in the era of streaming music. The headline was "My Song Got Played on Pandora 1 Million Times and All I Got Was $16.89, Less Than What I Make From a Single T-Shirt Sale!" The post went viral and continues to be a reference point in the debate over the economics of streaming music.

## Background

David Lowery has said that the band's label made him write a letter to radio stations denying that the song was about drugs, claiming that the repeated phrase "being stoned" was really "being stone." Lowery paraphrased a label executive as telling him, "I don't believe you and neither will anyone else, but there needs to be deniability and this is what we're gonna say."

## Track listings

UK CD single
* "Low" – 4:36
* "I Ride My Bike" – 6:32
* "Sunday Train" – 3:42
* "Whole Lotta Trouble" – 2:26
US CD single
* "Low" – 4:35
* "Sunday Train" – 3:42
* "Whole Lotta Trouble" – 2:26
* "I See The Light" – 5:13
* "Steve's Hornpipe" – 2:13

## Charts

| Chart (1993–1994) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 63 |
| Scotland (OCC) | 58 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 40 |
| US Billboard Album Rock Tracks | 5 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 64 |
| US Billboard Modern Rock Tracks | 3 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label(s) | Ref. |
| United States | August 1993 | — | Virgin | |
| United Kingdom | May 16, 1994 | 7-inch vinyl10-inch vinylCDcassette | Virgin | |

## Cover versions

In 2017, Lydia Lunch and Cypress Grove covered the song on their album Under the Covers.

## In popular culture

The song was featured in the film The Perks of Being a Wallflower and its accompanying soundtrack. In addition, it was used in The Wolverine and episodes of Hindsight and Rectify. The B-side track "Whole Lotta Trouble" was featured on the soundtrack of the 1995 film Empire Records.
# St Georgen im Attergau

Sankt Georgen im Attergau (Central Bavarian: Sont Tiareng im Attogau) is a municipality in the district of Vöcklabruck in the Austrian state of Upper Austria.
# State Theater (Clovis, New Mexico)

The State Theater is an art deco-style theater in Clovis, New Mexico, which opened in 1936. It is still in use, although today it presents live musical acts rather than movies. It is one of three historic movie theaters in Clovis. The centerpiece of the marquee is a tall, vertical, cylindrical glass brick column.
In 2007 the theater, at 504 Main Street, was added to both the State and National Register of Historic Places listings in New Mexico (SR#1899, NRHP # 355920). It is one of two historic movie theaters in Clovis that are on the NRHP, the other being the Lyceum Theater at 409 Main Street. The nomination of the theater as part of the Clovis Railroad and Commercial Historic District includes the description of the State Theater by historian David Kammer as “the most richly detailed example of a modernistic style theater façade in New Mexico.”
# 399 BC

Year 399 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Augurinus, Longus, Priscus, Cicurinus, Rufus and Philo (or, less frequently, year 355 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 399 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Greece

* February 15 – The Greek philosopher Socrates is sentenced to death by Athenian authorities, condemned for impiety and the corruption of youth. He refuses to flee into exile and dies by drinking hemlock.
* Sparta forces Elis to surrender in the spring.
* The Spartan admiral, Lysander, tries to effect a political revolution in Sparta by suggesting that the king should not automatically be given the leadership of the army. He also suggests that the position of king should be elective. However, he is unsuccessful in achieving these reforms, and earns the disfavour of King Agesilaus II of Sparta.
* King Archelaus I of Macedon is killed during a hunt, by one of the royal pages, his lover Craterus.

#### Egypt

* King Amyrtaeus of Egypt is defeated in battle by his successor, Nepherites I of Mendes, and executed at Memphis. King Nepherites I, or Nefaarud I, founds the Twenty-ninth dynasty of Egypt. He makes Mendes his capital.

## Deaths

* King Amyrtaeus of Egypt
* King Archelaus I of Macedon
* Socrates, Greek philosopher (b. c. 470 BC)
# Ángel Melogno

Miguel Ángel Melogno (22 March 1905 – 27 March 1945) was a Uruguayan footballer who played 5 matches for Uruguay national team. He was part of the team which won the first ever World Cup in 1930. He has also won the gold medal with national team in 1928 Olympics, but he did not play in any matches. He played club football for Bella Vista Montevideo.
# Markus Gickler

Markus Gickler (born 5 June 1966) is a former German male canoeist who won medals at senior level the Wildwater Canoeing World Championships.
# Marten von Barnekow

Marten von Barnekow (18 March 1900 in Bromberg – 29 January 1967 in Rehau) was a German equestrian and Olympic champion. He won a gold medal in show jumping with the German team at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin.
# Martin Knosp

Martin Knosp (born 7 October 1959 in Renchen) is a German former wrestler who competed in the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# Martin Neuner

Martin Neuner (14 December 1900 – 2 August 1944) was a German ski jumper who competed in the 1928 Winter Olympics.
# Martin Reißmann

Martin Reißmann (21 September 1900 – 8 April 1971) was a German international footballer.
# Martin Schlitt

Martin Schlitt (born 6 September 1966 in Limburg an der Lahn) is a German wheelchair curler.
He participated in the 2018 Winter Paralympics where German wheelchair curling team finished on eighth place.

## Teams

| Season | Skip | Third | Second | Lead | Alternate | Coach | Events |
| 2011–12 | Jens Jäger | Caren Totzauer | Martin Schlitt | Uwe Raschke | Heike Melchior | Bernd Weisser | WWhCQ 2011 (4th) |
| 2012–13 | Jens Jäger | Caren Totzauer | Martin Schlitt | Uwe Raschke | Christiane Steger | Bernd Weisser | WWhCQ 2012 (6th) |
| 2014–15 | Jens Jäger | Christiane Putzich | Martin Schlitt | Heike Melchior | Robert Hering | Bernd Weisser | WWhCQ 2014 WWhCC 2015 (7th) |
| 2015–16 | Jens Jäger | Christiane Putzich | Martin Schlitt | Heike Melchior | Harry Pavel | Bernd Weisser | WWhCC 2016 (8th) |
| 2016–17 | Christiane Putzich | Harry Pavel | Martin Schlitt | Heike Melchior | Christoph Gemmer | Bernd Weisser | WWhCC 2017 (9th) |
| 2017–18 | Christiane Putzich | Harry Pavel | Martin Schlitt | Heike Melchior | Wolf Meissner | Katja Schweizer | WPG 2018 (8th) |
# Jonathan Scoville

Jonathan Scoville (July 14, 1830 – March 4, 1891) was an American businessman who served two terms as a U.S. Representative from New York from 1880 to 1883, and as mayor of Buffalo from 1884 to 1885.

## Biography

Born in Salisbury, Connecticut, Scoville attended various educational institutions in Massachusetts, including the scientific department of Harvard University.
He engaged in business in Canaan, Connecticut, in 1854 as an iron manufacturer and mine owner. He moved to Buffalo, New York, in 1860 and established a car-wheel foundry, and the next year established another in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

### Political career
#### Congress

Scoville was elected as a Democrat to the Forty-sixth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Ray V. Pierce. He was reelected to the Forty-seventh Congress and served from November 12, 1880, to March 3, 1883. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1882.

### Mayor of Buffalo

He served as mayor of Buffalo in 1884 and 1885.

### Death

He died in New York City, March 4, 1891. He was interred in Salisbury Cemetery, Salisbury, Connecticut.
# Albert Henry Vestal

Albert Henry Vestal (January 18, 1875 – April 1, 1932) was an American lawyer and politician who served eight terms as a Republican United States Representative from Indiana from 1917 to 1932.

## Biography

Born on a farm near Frankton, in Madison County, Indiana, on January 18, 1875, he attended common schools, worked in steel mills and factories and attended the Indiana State Normal School, now Indiana State University, at Terre Haute. He taught school for several years and then graduated from the law department of the Valparaiso University in 1896. Admitted to the bar in 1896, Vestal commenced practicing law in Anderson, Indiana.

### Early career

He was elected prosecuting attorney of the fiftieth judicial circuit and served from 1900 to 1906. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the Republican nomination for Congress in 1908 and an unsuccessful candidate for election in 1914 to the Sixty-fourth Congress.

### Congress

He was finally elected as a Republican to the Sixty-fifth Congress and to seven succeeding Congresses, serving from March 4, 1917, until his death. He was chairman of the committee on Coinage, Weights, and Measures (Sixty-sixth through Sixty-eighth Congresses), Committee on Patents (Sixty-ninth through Seventy-first Congresses); majority whip (Sixty-eighth through Seventy-first Congresses).

### Death

Vestal died in Washington, D.C., on April 1, 1932, and was interred in East Maplewood Cemetery in Anderson.