OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# James B. McKean

James Bedell McKean (August 5, 1821 Hoosick, Rensselaer County, New York – January 5, 1879 Salt Lake City, Utah) was an American politician from New York and Utah.

## Early life

He was one of the professors in Jonesville Academy for some time. He was the Superintendent of the Common Schools of Halfmoon, New York in 1842.
McKean was elected colonel of the One Hundred and Forty-fourth Regiment, New York State Militia, in 1844. Then he studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1849, and commenced practice in Ballston Spa, New York. He moved to Saratoga Springs, New York in 1851. He was First Judge of the Saratoga County Court from 1855 to 1858.
McKean was elected as a Republican to the 36th and 37th United States Congresses, and served from March 4, 1859, to March 3, 1863. He was Chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Department of State.
During the American Civil War, he organized the 77th New York Volunteer Infantry, in 1861 and served as colonel of the regiment until July 27, 1863, when he resigned his commission due to poor health.
He was appointed treaty commissioner to Honduras in 1865. In 1867, he ran for Secretary of State of New York on the Republican ticket, but was defeated by Democrat Homer Augustus Nelson.
He was appointed Chief Justice of the Superior Court of the Utah Territory by President Ulysses S. Grant in 1870 and served until 1875. In Utah history, McKean is famous for intensifying the federal government's efforts to abolish polygamy, which some members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints practiced as a religious doctrine until 1890. Evidence suggests McKean believed it was his moral and religious duty to wage legal war against the practice and that questionable tactics were justified if they helped him achieve his goal. Shortly after his appointment, McKean wrote to a friend, "[T]he mission which God has called me to perform in Utah, is as much above the duties of other courts and judges as the heavens are above the earth, and whenever or wherever I may find the Local or Federal laws obstructing or interfering therewith, by God's blessings I shall trample them under my feet."
During McKean's tenure in Utah, Mormon leader Brigham Young was indicted for "lascivious cohabitation," the federal government's strongest case against polygamy at that time. To ensure Young's and other Mormons' convictions, McKean essentially banned members of the LDS Church from serving on juries, a decision which the Supreme Court of the United States later ruled against. Consequently, all charges against Young at that time were quashed.
McKean was interred in Mount Olivet Cemetery in Salt Lake City.
Samuel McKean was his uncle.
# Wolfgang Fritsch

Wolfgang Fritsch (born 4 August 1949) is a German lightweight rower. He won a gold medal at the 1975 World Rowing Championships in Nottingham with the lightweight men's eight.
# Jacques Genin

Jacques Génin is a French chef, cookery book writer, and well-known chocolate and caramel maker in Paris.
He supplies chocolates, caramels and petits fours to more than 200 top French hotels and restaurants, including the Hôtel de Crillon, the Plaza Athénée and Le Meurice. His chocolate factory has been described by the New York Times as "a holy site for connoisseurs," and in 2008, he opened a shop selling to the public in the Marais neighbourhood of Paris.
Genin is not a qualified maître chocolatier under the French system, but is self-taught, and has described himself as a rebel. He began his career in food in a slaughterhouse, opened his first restaurant when he was 28, and at age 33 worked as head pâtissier at the global chocolate company La Maison du Chocolat. In 2010, he was named one of the top French chocolatiers by the Club des Croqueurs de Chocolat.
His daughter, Jade, formerly a lawyer, has also opened a chocolate store in Paris.
# ADH1B

Alcohol dehydrogenase 1B is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADH1B gene.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the alcohol dehydrogenase family. Members of this enzyme family metabolize a wide variety of substrates, including ethanol (beverage alcohol), retinol, other aliphatic alcohols, hydroxysteroids, and lipid peroxidation products. The encoded protein, known as ADH1B or beta-ADH, can form homodimers and heterodimers with ADH1A and ADH1C subunits, exhibits high activity for ethanol oxidation and plays a major role in ethanol catabolism (oxidizing ethanol into acetaldehyde). The acetaldehyde is further metabolized to acetate by aldehyde dehydrogenase genes. Three genes encoding the closely related alpha, beta and gamma subunits are tandemly organized in a genomic segment as a gene cluster.
The human gene is located on chromosome 4 in 4q22.
Previously ADH1B was called ADH2. There are more genes in the family of alcohol dehydrogenase. These genes are now referred to as ADH1A, ADH1C, and ADH4, ADH5, ADH6 and ADH7.

## Variants

A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in ADH1B is rs1229984, that changes arginine to histidine at residue 47 of the mature protein; standard nomenclature now includes the initiating methionine, so the position is officially 48. The 'typical' variant of this has been referred to as ADH2(1) or ADH2*1 while the 'atypical' has been referred to as, e.g., ADH2(2), ADH2*2, ADH1B*48His. This SNP is associated with the risk for alcohol dependence, alcohol use disorders and alcohol consumption, with the atypical genotype having reduced risk of alcoholism. The atypical genotype produces a more active enzyme and is associated with rice domestication.
Another SNP is rs2066702 [Arg370Cys]. originally called position 369. This SNP is at high frequencies in populations from Africa, and also reduces risk for alcohol dependence.

## Role in pathology

A marked decrease of ADH1B mRNA was detected in corneal fibroblasts taken from persons suffering from keratoconus.
A 2019 research showed strong evidence that an individual’s self-reported alcohol consumption and their genotype at rs1229984, a missense variant in ADH1B, are associated with their partner’s self-reported alcohol use, finding evidence of spousal genotypic concordance for rs1229984, suggesting that spousal concordance for alcohol consumption existed prior to cohabitation.
# Rignai

Rignai is a traditional wrap-around dress worn by Tripuri womenfolk, predominantly in the state of Tripura. It is worn by wrapping it around the waist. It is worn with Risa which is a piece of cloth wrapped around the bust. It is worn by every Tripuri women in homes, workplaces, and particularly occasions.

## Types & variations

The most significant rignai is called the "Chamathwi bar" and comprises white cloth bordered by maroon or other colors. The "Chamathwi bar" is worn during important occasions like wedding ceremonies and festivals like Goria Puja and Hangrai.
* Rignai
* Rignai
# Aashiq Hoon Baharon Ka

Aashiq Hoon Baharon Ka (transl. I am a lover of Spring) is a 1977 Indian Hindi-language romance film drama, directed by J. Om Prakash.

## Plot

Ashok, the protagonist, successfully completes his academic journey by earning a Master of Science (M.Sc.) degree. His mother aspires for him to continue his education in Switzerland. Despite Ashok's initial reluctance due to financial concerns, his mother persuades him to pursue this opportunity. In Switzerland, Ashok resides in accommodations arranged by a friend of his principal, who owns a hotel. This hotel owner is also the stepfather of Vikram, a troubled young man who develops a hostile attitude towards Ashok.
While en route to a car race, Ashok encounters Veera, an arrogant young woman attempting to steal his vehicle. Despite this altercation, Ashok successfully wins the race and sends the prize money to his mother. Subsequently, Veera's father proposes a business collaboration with Ashok in the field of atomic science, as Ashok needs uranium for his research. However, Vikram, who wishes to marry Veera and inherit her wealth, schemes against Ashok. With the assistance of Ashok's own research assistant, Vikram frames Ashok for the theft of uranium.
As a result of the accusations, Veera's father has Ashok imprisoned, with Veera initially trusting her father's judgment. However, Ashok manages to prove his innocence by obtaining a confession from Vikram, revealing the true perpetrator. Veera apologizes to Ashok for her previous actions, and her father consents to their relationship on the condition that Ashok remains in Switzerland permanently. Ashok declines this condition, and Veera supports his decision.
Subsequently, Vikram kidnaps Veera and demands a ransom from her father. In desperation, Veera's father turns to Ashok for assistance. Ashok confronts Vikram, successfully rescues Veera, and the two are finally united.

## Cast

* Rajesh Khanna as Ashok Sharma
* Zeenat Aman as Veera Rai
* Danny Denzongpa as Vikram (Jamunada's son)
* Preeti Ganguli as Mary John
* Julie as Olga
* Pinchoo Kapoor as Mr. John
* Sulochana Latkar as Ashok's mother
* Nadira as Heera (Jamunda's wife)
* Om Prakash as Mr. Jamunadas
* Rehman as Mr. Chandidas Rai
* Asrani as Murlidhar

## Soundtrack

| # | Title | Singer(s) |
| 1 | "Tera Dil Kya Kehta Hai" | Kishore Kumar |
| 2 | "Aashiq Hoon Baharon Ka" | Kishore Kumar |
| 3 | "I Am In Love" | Kishore Kumar, Lata Mangeshkar, Annette Pinto |
| 4 | "Mere Gore Galon Ka" | Lata Mangeshkar |
| 5 | "Mashriq Se Jo Aaye" | Kishore Kumar |
# Guinsiliban

Guinsiliban, officially the Municipality of Guinsiliban, is a municipality in the province of Camiguin, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 6,685 people, making it the least populated town in the province.

## Geography
### Barangays

Guinsiliban is politically subdivided into 7 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks while some have sitios.
* Butay
* Cabuan
* Cantaan
* Liong
* Maac
* North Poblacion
* South Poblacion

### Climate

Climate data for Guinsiliban, Camiguin :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 28 (82) | 28 (82) | 29 (84) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 28 (82) | 29 (84) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 23 (73) | 23 (73) | 23 (73) | 23 (73) | 24 (75) | 25 (77) | 25 (77) | 25 (77) | 25 (77) | 25 (77) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 327 (12.9) | 254 (10.0) | 185 (7.3) | 128 (5.0) | 215 (8.5) | 273 (10.7) | 248 (9.8) | 243 (9.6) | 214 (8.4) | 246 (9.7) | 271 (10.7) | 271 (10.7) | 2,875 (113.3) |
| Average rainy days | 24.3 | 21.1 | 22.5 | 20.6 | 28.3 | 28.8 | 29.4 | 29.0 | 28.0 | 28.3 | 26.0 | 24.2 | 310.5 |
| Source: Meteoblue ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

In the 2020 census, the population of Guinsiliban was 6,685 people, with a density of 360 inhabitants per square kilometre or 930 inhabitants per square mile.
# Mario Büttner

Mario Büttner (born 23 November 1967) is a German wrestler. He competed in the men's Greco-Roman 62 kg at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
# Henry Horn

Henry Horn (1786 – January 12, 1862) was a Jacksonian member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.

## Biography

Henry Horn was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He studied law, was admitted to the bar and practiced law in Philadelphia.
Horn was elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-second Congress. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Twenty-third Congress in 1832. He resumed the practice of law in Philadelphia, and served as collector of customs at Philadelphia from May 12, 1845, until August 4, 1846. He died in Flourtown, Pennsylvania, in 1862. He was interred in Woodlands Cemetery in Philadelphia.

## Sources

* United States Congress. "Henry Horn (id: H000787)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
* The Political Graveyard
U.S. House of Representatives :
| Preceded byDaniel H. Miller | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district 1831–1833 | Succeeded byHorace Binney James Harper |
* This article about a member of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Axion (brand)

Axion is an American brand of dishwashing liquid product marketed by Colgate-Palmolive. It is available in Asia and Latin America.

## History

Originally, Colgate's Axion brand was the name of an enzyme pre-soak, to be used before laundering clothes. It was introduced on March 18, 1968.
# Calliope (genus)

Calliope is a genus of passerine birds in the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae.
The species were previously placed in the genus Luscinia. A large molecular phylogenetic study published in 2010 found that Luscinia as defined in 2003 by Edward C. Dickinson was not monophyletic. The genus Calliope, with the type species, Calliope calliope, was reinstated to accommodate a well-defined clade. Although the blackthroat (Calliope obscura) had not been included in the 2010 phylogenetic analysis, a subsequent study found that the firethroat and the blackthroat were sister species and not colour morphs of the same species as some publications had previously suggested.
The genus Calliope was introduced by the English ornithologist John Gould in 1836. Calliope, from classical Greek meaning beautiful-voiced, was one of the muses in Greek mythology and presided over eloquence and heroic poetry.
The genus contains the following five species:
* Himalayan rubythroat (Calliope pectoralis)
* Chinese rubythroat (Calliope tschebaiewi) - formerly considered as a subspecies of the Himalayan rubythroat
* Siberian rubythroat (Calliope calliope)
* Firethroat (Calliope pectardens)
* Blackthroat (Calliope obscura)
# ESCAE-University, Benin

ESCAE - Benin (Ecole Supérieure de Commerce et d’Administration des Entreprises du Benin (ESCAE BENIN University) is a technology university in Benin
ESCAE was established in October 2008 by Mehoba D. Théodore, Doctor in Economics and Management Science
ESCAE was granted accreditation by the Minister of Higher Education and officially inaugurated in October 2012.
ESCAE is recognized by the Directorate of Evaluation and Accreditation of Federal Ministry of Education Nigeria and other West African countries. ESCAE is also recognized by International Association of Universities
6°26′12″N 2°20′23″E﻿ / ﻿6.436802°N 2.339599°E﻿ / 6.436802; 2.339599
# Claude Michaud

Claude Michaud (1936-2015) was a management educator and economist. He was a professor of economics at INSEAD and a director-general of the European Center for Executive Development.

## Career

After obtaining a PhD in economics at the University of Bordeaux, Claude Michaud joined (in 1961) the Banque Sudameris, then a subsidiary of the Banca Commerciale Italiana. He moved a year later to the Caisse Nationale des Marchés d'État, an agency of the French Ministry of Finance. In 1967 he joined the Centre de Recherche de l'Urbanisme, a research center set up by the French Ministries of Education and Construction in the 1960s, becoming its Research Director in 1975. In 1970 he joined the economics faculty of INSEAD as an associate professor, becoming a full professor five years later. Also in 1975 he accepted the post of Deputy Director of CEDEP, becoming Director General in 1991 and served in that capacity until his retirement in 2003. He came out of retirement to serve a second term as Director General in 2005 and retired definitively in 2007. He was also Scientific Adviser to the Fondation Europe et Société (1985–94) and Member of the Science Council of the Tissot Economic Foundation (1988–95).

## Work

His research initially focused on urban development. He then turned to issues of regulation, privatization, and competitiveness. With the increasing integration of Europe's national economies in the EEC and later the EU he began looking at the implications of the single European market. His work in the 1990s looked more at the drivers of firm competitiveness and resulted in the publications with Chicago decision-scientist Robin Hogarth and sociologist Jean-Claude Thoenig.

## Honors

Claude Michaud was appointed a Chevalier de l'Ordre Nationale du Mérite in 2010

## Selected publications

* Making Strategy and Organization Compatible, Claude Michaud and Jean-Claude Thoenig, Palgrave Macmillan 2003
* Stratégie et sociologie de l'entreprise, Claude Michaud and Jean-Claude Thoenig, Village Mondial 2001
# Linapacan

Linapacan, officially the Municipality of Linapacan (Tagalog: Bayan ng Linapacan), is a municipality in the province of Palawan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 16,424 people.

## History

When the Spaniards came in the 16th century, they made a fortress called Caseledan Port and Eli Port to be able to protect against Moro raiders.
In 1954, the 10 islands of Barangonan, Cabunlawan, Calibangbangan, Decabaitot, Maroyogroyog, Nangalao, New Calaylayan, Pical, San Miguel, and San Nicolas were separated from Coron to form the town of Linapacan. The municipality of Culion is between Linapacan and Coron.
In October 2013, the website Daily News Dig proclaimed the waters of Linapacan Island so clear that the website put it on the top of their list of 35 waters to swim in around the world before one dies.

## Geography
### Barangays

Linapacan is politically subdivided into 10 island barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.
* Barangonan (Iloc)
* Cabunlawan
* Calibangbangan
* Decabaitot
* Maroyogroyog
* Nangalao
* New Culaylayan
* Pical
* San Miguel (Poblacion)
* San Nicolas

### Climate

Climate data for Linapacan, Palawan :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 28 (82) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 31 (88) | 30 (86) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 28 (82) | 29 (84) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22 (72) | 22 (72) | 22 (72) | 23 (73) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 23 (73) | 23 (73) | 23 (74) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 45 (1.8) | 34 (1.3) | 62 (2.4) | 64 (2.5) | 127 (5.0) | 159 (6.3) | 172 (6.8) | 147 (5.8) | 167 (6.6) | 182 (7.2) | 172 (6.8) | 88 (3.5) | 1,419 (56) |
| Average rainy days | 12.1 | 9.4 | 13.0 | 14.3 | 22.7 | 26.9 | 28.0 | 26.4 | 27.0 | 27.0 | 22.7 | 17.8 | 247.3 |
| Source: Meteoblue ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1960 | 2,555 | — |
| 1970 | 3,107 | +1.97% |
| 1975 | 3,671 | +3.40% |
| 1980 | 4,428 | +3.82% |
| 1990 | 5,835 | +2.80% |
| 1995 | 7,269 | +4.20% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 2000 | 9,198 | +5.18% |
| 2007 | 11,688 | +3.36% |
| 2010 | 14,180 | +7.29% |
| 2015 | 15,668 | +1.92% |
| 2020 | 16,424 | +0.93% |
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority :
In the 2020 census, the population of Linapacan was 16,424 people, with a density of 84 inhabitants per square kilometre or 220 inhabitants per square mile.

## Economy

Poverty incidence of Linapacan
* 10
* 20
* 30
* 40
* 50
* 60
* 70
* 2006 63.40
* 2009 18.10
* 2012 39.55
* 2015 37.74
* 2018 21.81
* 2021 15.87
* Source: Philippine Statistics Authority
# × Gasteraloe

× Gasteraloe (× Gastrolea) is a nothogenus of hybrid plants, from crosses between species in the genera Gasteria and Aloe or Aristaloe. Since the plants originated as hybrids, and accordingly are not true species in the sense of formal Plant taxonomy, Gasteraloe is not technically a true genus, but a "nothogenus", whether the plants' gametes are sterile or not.

## Description

× Gasteraloe hybrids are typically stemless or almost stemless. Their succulent leaves, which are usually spotted or marked and have toothed margins, form rosettes.
Gonialoe variegata and Aristaloe aristata are especially commonly used for these hybrids, as they are far more amenable to hybridization with gasterias than most other "aloes".

## List of known hybrids

Among the range of × Gasteraloe hybrids that are known so far are:
* × Gasteraloe bedinghausii (Radl) Guillaumin = Aristaloe aristata × Gasteria disticha
* × Gasteraloe beguinii (hort. ex Radl) Guillaumin = Aristaloe aristata × Gasteria carinata var. verrucosa
** × Gasteraloe beguinii nothovar. beguinii
** × Gasteraloe beguinii nothovar. chludowii (Radl) G.D.Rowley
** × Gasteraloe beguinii nothovar. perfectior (Radl) Guillaumin
* × Gasteraloe derbetzei (hort. ex A.Berger) Guillaumin = Aloe striata × Gasteria acinacifolia
* × Gasteraloe gloriosa (Guillaumin) G.D.Rowley = Aloe purpurea × Gasteria bicolor var. bicolor
* × Gasteraloe lapaixii (Radl) Guillaumin = Aristaloe aristata × Gasteria bicolor var. bicolor
** × Gasteraloe lapaixii nothovar. lapaixii
** × Gasteraloe lapaixii nothovar. latifolia (Radl) Guillaumin
* × Gasteraloe lynchii (Baker) G.D.Rowley = Aloe striata × Gasteria carinata var. verrucosa
* × Gasteraloe mortolensis (A.Berger) Guillaumin = Gonialoe ?variegata × Gasteria acinacifolia
* × Gasteraloe nowotnyi (Radl) G.D.Rowley = Aristaloe aristata × Gasteria sp.
* × Gasteraloe peacockii (Baker) G.D.Rowley = Aloe sp. × Gasteria acinacifolia
* × Gasteraloe pethamensis (Baker) G.D.Rowley = Gonialoe variegata × Gasteria carinata var. verrucosa
* × Gasteraloe pfrimmeri Guillaumin = Gonialoe variegata × Gasteria sp.
* × Gasteraloe prorumpens (A.Berger) G.D.Rowley = Aloe sp. × Gasteria sp.
* × Gasteraloe quehlii (Radl) G.D.Rowley = Aloe sp. × Gasteria bicolor var. bicolor
* × Gasteraloe radlii L.E.Newton = Gonialoe variegata or Aloe serrulata (= Aloe sp.) × Gasteria sp.
* × Gasteraloe rebutii (hort. ex A.Berger) Guillaumin = Gonialoe variegata × Gasteria sp.
* × Gasteraloe sculptilis G.D.Rowley ex L.E.Newton = Gonialoe variegata × Gasteria × cheilophylla
* × Gasteraloe simoniana (Deleuil) Guillaumin = Aloe striata × Gasteria disticha
* × Gasteraloe smaragdina (hort. ex A.Berger) Guillaumin = Gonialoe variegata × Gasteria acinacifolia
In addition to those listed, there are a great many other hybrids, and more are continually being created.
# Lake Mimi

Lake Mimi is a small lake north-northwest of Roscoe in Delaware County, New York. It drains south via Horse Brook which flows into Beaver Kill.