OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Saclas

Saclas (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France.
Inhabitants of Saclas are known as Saclasiens.

## Geography

The Juine flows northeastward through the middle of the commune and crosses the village.
# Spokane Symphony

The Spokane Symphony is a 70-piece professional orchestra based in Spokane, Washington that performs more than 65 concerts per year for more than 150,000 listeners. It was originally incorporated in 1945 as the Spokane Philharmonic before being renamed the Spokane Symphony in 1962.
The first concert was held on December 18, 1945 at the Masonic Temple at 8:30 pm, and was conducted by Harold Paul Whelan.
The regular season includes a ten-concert Masterworks series (Saturday evenings and Sunday afternoons), six Pops performances (including two Holiday Pops performances in December) and a fully staged Nutcracker Ballet each holiday season, in addition to the new Movies & Music series which showcases the Symphony playing the score live with selected popular movies.
The vast majority of its concerts are performed in the newly renovated Martin Woldson Theater at The Fox. A Chamber Soiree Series began in 2000 and moved to the Theater stage for the 2019-2020 season.
The Spokane Symphony outreach efforts provide musical experiences for more than 30,000 students and include affordable pricing for families and active duty military. Many concerts are also broadcast on 91.1 KPBX-FM. The Spokane Symphony offers Labor Day Weekend concerts at Pavilion Park in Liberty Lake (Saturday) and Comstock Park on Spokane’s South Hill (Monday), with a program of classics, patriotic tunes and favorites from the worlds of pop, Hollywood and Broadway.
The Symphony's current conductors are James Lowe (music director), Morihiko Nakahara (resident conductor), and Jorge Luis Uzcátegui (assistant conductor).

## Music Directors

The musical directors of the Spokane Symphony have been:
* Harold Paul Whelan (1945-1961)
* Donald Thulean (1962-1984)
* Gunther Schuller (1984-1985)
* Bruce Ferden (1985-1991)
* Vakhtang Jordania (1991-1993)
* Fabio Mechetti (1993-2004, Conductor Laureate)
* Eckart Preu (2004–2019)
* James Lowe (2019–present)
# Aaron J. Messing

Aaron J. Messing (June 18, 1840 – September 23, 1916) was a German-American rabbi who ministered primarily in San Francisco and Chicago.

## Life

Messing was born on June 18, 1840, in Gniewkowo, Prussia. His father Joseph Messing was a Talmudist, exegete, and rabbi who wrote a number of Jewish books. His brothers Mayer and Henry were also rabbis.
Messing was educated in Breslau and Graetz. He received a Ph.D. from the University of Rostock in Mecklenburg. He was ordained a rabbi by Rabbi E. Gutmacher, Rabbi M. Feilchenfeld, Rabbi N. Caro. He then served as rabbi in Militsch, Silesia as well as in Mecklenburg-Schwerin. He later immigrated to America, and in 1866 he was named rabbi of Beth Israel Bikur Cholim in New York City, New York. In 1868, he became rabbi of the B'nai Shalom Congregation in Chicago, Illinois. In 1870, he became rabbi of Congregation Sherith Israel in San Francisco, California. Over the course of the next two decades, he founded at least twelve congregations and twenty three Sunday schools in Nevada, Oregon, and California. He also wrote several popular Sunday school textbooks, namely "A Hebrew Primer" and "The Jewish Catechism." In 1890, he went back to Chicago and again served as rabbi of B'nai Shalom. He served as rabbi there until his death.
In 1870, Messing married Fannie Livingston. Their children were Mrs. Minna Levy of San Francisco, Mrs. H. H. Mitchell of Chicago, Mrs. David Livingstone of Kankakee, Illinois, Mrs. Hebert Ullman of New York, Mrs. Theodore Loberman of Montgomery, Alabama, Herman J. Messing of New York, Sigmund Messing of Los Angeles, and Rabbi Abraham J. Messing. Abraham was also a rabbi who ministered in Alabama and Illinois.
Messing died at his daughter's home on September 23, 1916. He was buried in the Jewish Graceland Cemetery.
# Conrad Haas

Conrad Haas (1509–1576) was an Austrian or Transylvanian Saxon military engineer. He was a pioneer of rocket propulsion. His designs include a three-stage rocket and a manned rocket.
Haas was possibly born in Dornbach (now part of Hernals, Vienna). He held the post of the Zeugwart (arsenal master) of the Imperial Habsburg army under Ferdinand I. In 1551, Stephen Báthory, the grand prince of Transylvania invited Haas to Nagyszeben (German: Hermannstadt), Eastern Hungarian Kingdom (now Sibiu, Romania), where he acted as weapons engineer and also he started to teach at Klausenburg (now Cluj-Napoca).
He wrote a German-language treatise on rocket technology, involving the combination of fireworks and weapons technologies. This manuscript was discovered in 1961, in the Sibiu public records (Sibiu public records Varia II 374). His work also dealt with the theory of motion of multi-stage rockets, different fuel mixtures using liquid fuel, and introduced delta-shape fins and bell-shaped nozzles.
In the last paragraph of his chapter on the military use of rockets, he wrote (translated):
   "But my advice is for more peace and no war, leaving the rifles calmly in storage, so the bullet is not fired, the gunpowder is not burned or wet, so the prince keeps his money, the arsenal master his life; that is the advice Conrad Haas gives."
Johann Schmidlap, a German fireworks maker, is believed to have experimented with staging in 1590, using a design he called "step rockets." Before the discovery of Haas' manuscript, the first description of the three-stage rocket was credited to the artillery specialist Casimir Siemienowicz, from the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, in his 1650 work, Artis Magnae Artilleriae Pars Prima ("Great Art of Artillery, Part One").
# Kalyani Ghosh

Kalyani Ghosh (born 1946) is a Bangladeshi singer. She was an artist of Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra during the Bangladesh Liberation War. She was awarded the Ekushey Padak by the Government of Bangladesh in 2024 for her special contribution to music.

## Life

Kalyani was born in 1946 into a musical family in the present-day Raozan Upazila of Chittagong. Her father's name was Manomohan Chowdhury and her mother's name was Lilabati Chowdhury.Of the couple's eight children, six of them, including her, were artists of Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra: Uma Khan, Probal Chowdhury, Swapon Chowdhury, Devi Chowdhury, and Purnima Das. Kalyani started learning music from her mother at the age of five. She was a student of the first batch of the Bengali department of Chittagong University.
In 1971, during the Bangladesh Liberation War, she was teaching at the prestigious St. Placid's School in Chittagong. After the independence of Bangladesh, she was listed as a regular artist on Bangladesh Television and Bangladesh Betar. She later retired in 2005 as the Deputy Director of Bangla Academy.

### Song & award

She was awarded the Ekushey Padak by the Government of Bangladesh in 2024. Recipient of the 'Bangladesh Shilpakala Academy Award' and the 'Shahid Smriti Sangskritik Parishad Award'. She has performed in many countries around the world, including India, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Kalyani has released several albums, including 'Swadhinotar Gaan' and 'Amar Sonar Bangla'.
# Richard Bird (actor)

Richard Bird (4 April 1895 – December 1979) was an English actor and director of stage and screen. Born George, Bird took the stage name Richard Bird after being nicknamed "Dickie" by his theatre colleagues.
After working in a newspaper office for a year he made his stage debut as a member of the Liverpool Repertory Company in 1917. He went on to appear on both the London and American stage, making his film debut in some silent shorts during 1919.
He appeared in films throughout the 1930s and 1940s, playing the lead roles in quota quickies The Warren Case and What Happened Then? (both 1934). His film roles of the 1930s tended towards melodrama, such as the jealous Ernest in Maurice Elvey's The Water Gipsies (1932), and the murderous Eric opposite Matheson Lang in The Great Defender (1934). Middle-age saw his characters become more affable and his later films showcase his ability at light comedy, such as the sleepy Inspector Sneed in The Door with Seven Locks (1940); the dual role of bumbling Arthur and the Ghost in Don't Take It to Heart (1944); and the dog-obsessed Jennings in Forbidden (1949). He was a surprise romantic lead in I'll Walk Beside You (1943), and had probably his most high profile role in the ensemble cast of Ealing's supernatural drama The Halfway House (1944). He continued acting into the 1950s and 1960s, mainly in television series such as Ivanhoe, Probation Officer and Public Eye, as well as small roles in a couple of Anglo-Amalgamated's Edgar Wallace Mysteries films.
He directed the 1938 film version of Edgar Wallace's The Terror, as well as the 1943 stage adaptation of Graham Greene's Brighton Rock at the Garrick Theatre, London. Two of the cast members in the production, Richard Attenborough and Hermione Baddeley, reprised their roles in the Boulting brothers' acclaimed film version of 1947.
In 1931 Bird married stage actress Joyce Barbour in London. He died in Northwood, Middlesex in 1979 aged 84.

## Filmography

* Tilly of Bloomsbury (1931)
* Number, Please (1931)
* The Professional Guest (1931)
* Impromptu (1932)
* A Letter of Warning (1932)
* White Face (1932)
* The Water Gipsies (1932)
* Nine till Six (1932)
* The Right to Live (1933)
* The Warren Case (1934)
* The Great Defender (1934)
* What Happened Then? (1934)
* The Crouching Beast (1935)
* Invitation to the Waltz (1935)
* Mimi (1935)
* Royal Cavalcade (1935)
* Night Mail (1935)
* Sensation (1936)
* Bulldog Drummond at Bay (1937)
* The Door with Seven Locks (1940)
* I'll Walk Beside You (1943)
* Don't Take It to Heart (1944)
* The Halfway House (1944)
* Forbidden (1949)
* Edgar Wallace Mysteries - Death Trap (1962)
* Edgar Wallace Mysteries - Return to Sender

## Selected stage credits

* The Combined Maze by Frank Vosper (1927)
* The Composite Man by Ronald Jeans (1936)
* Love in a Mist by Kenneth Horne (1941)
* Lady from Edinburgh by Aimée Stuart (1945)
* My Friend Lester by Alec Coppel (1947)
* The French Mistress by Sonnie Hale (1955)
# Mount Lago

Mount Lago is a prominent 8,745-foot (2,665-metre) mountain summit located in the Okanogan Range of the North Cascades, in Okanogan County of Washington state. The mountain is situated on the eastern side of the Cascade crest, in the Pasayten Wilderness, on land managed by the Okanogan–Wenatchee National Forest. The nearest higher peak is Jack Mountain, 19.5 miles (31.4 km) to the west-southwest. Mount Lago is the highest summit of the Okanogan Range, and follows only Jack Mountain {9,075 ft} as the highest peak in the Pasayten Wilderness. Lago is the fourth-most prominent mountain in the Pasayten Wilderness. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into tributaries of the Pasayten River and Methow River. The mountain was named for Lage Wernstedt (1878–1959), a Forest Service surveyor who made numerous first ascents of the mountains he was mapping in the North Cascades. Lago, is a play on the way Americans pronounced his name. Lage, pronounced Loggy, had a son named Lago.

## Geology

The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks, granite spires, ridges, and deep glacial valleys. Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to various climate differences.
The history of the formation of the Cascade Mountains dates back millions of years ago to the late Eocene Epoch. With the North American Plate overriding the Pacific Plate, episodes of volcanic igneous activity persisted. In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago.
During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving deposits of rock debris. The U-shaped cross section of the river valleys is a result of recent glaciation. Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.

## Climate

Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel northeast toward the Cascade Mountains. As fronts approach the North Cascades, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range, causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the Cascades (Orographic lift). As a result, the west side of the North Cascades experiences higher precipitation than the east side, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer.
# NGC 6388

NGC 6388 is a globular cluster of stars located in the southern constellation of Scorpius. The cluster was discovered by Scottish astronomer James Dunlop on May 13, 1826 using a 20 cm (9 in) reflector telescope. It was later determined to be a globular cluster by English astronomer John Herschel, who was able to resolve it into individual stars. NGC 6388 is located at a distance of approximately 35,600 light-years (10.90 kpc) from the Sun. Due to its apparent visual magnitude of +6.8, binoculars or a small telescope are required to view it.
This cluster has an age of 11.5±1.5 Gyr and a core radius of 7.2″. The central velocity dispersion is 18.9 km/s, and the central density is 2.19×10$^5$ L$_☉$·pc$^{−3}$. With an estimated mass of 2.17×10$^6$ M$_☉$, it is one of the most massive globular clusters in the Milky Way. Multiple stellar populations have been detected. In the past it has been proposed that this cluster was accreted into the Milky Way galaxy. However, the abundance of stellar elements from a large sample of cluster members strongly indicate it was formed within the galaxy.
The Hertzsprung–Russell diagram for NGC 6388 shows that the main-sequence turnoff for this cluster is similar to that of the cluster 47 Tucanae. This suggests that the bulk of the stellar components have a similar age and chemical abundances between the two clusters. However, the RR Lyrae variables and hotter members of the horizontal branch in NGC 6388 appear overluminous. It has been suggested that this extended horizontal branch may be the result of a central intermediate mass black hole (IMBH). X-ray observations of the cluster rule out an accreting IMBH, but not a quiescent black hole. The stellar density and radial profiles of velocity dispersion rule out an IMBH with a mass greater than about 2,000 M$_☉$.
The cluster contains a population of blue straggler stars (BSS), which are the result of stellar mergers. The radial distribution of this population is high near the core, decreasing at intermediate distance before increasing again at larger radii. This bimodal distribution is similar to that in other globulars. However, the scale of the population at intermediate distances suggests that dynamic friction in NGC 6388 is less efficient at segregating BSS toward the core.
Examination of NGC 6388 by the Chandra observatory show 61 X-ray sources within a half-mass radius of the core (0.67′), with all having luminosities above 5×10$^{30}$ erg. Five of these appear to be X-ray binaries.
# Yukiko

Yukiko is a feminine Japanese given name.

## Written forms

Yukiko can be written using different combinations of kanji characters. Here are some examples:
* 雪子, "snow, child"
* 幸子, "happiness, child"
* 由紀子, "reason, chronicle, child"
* 由起子, "reason, to rise, child"
* 有紀子, "possession, chronicle, child"
* 有希子, "possession, hope, child"
* 夕紀子, "evening, chronicle, child"
The name can also be written in hiragana ゆきこ or katakana ユキコ.

## Notable people with the name

* Yukiko Akaba (赤羽 有紀子, born 1979), Japanese long-distance runner
* Yukiko Fujisawa (藤澤 亮子, born 1995), Japanese figure skater
* Yukiko Haneda (羽根田 征子, born 1966), Japanese singer
* Yukiko Inui (乾 友紀子, born 1990), Japanese synchronized swimmer
* Yukiko Ishizaka (石坂 有紀子, born 1968), Japanese beach volleyball player
* Yukiko Iwai (voice actress) (岩居 由希子, born 1972), Japanese voice actress
* Yukiko Iwai (Onyanko Club) (岩井 由紀子, born 1968), Japanese singer, actress and former member of the all-female J-pop group Onyanko Club
* Yukiko Kada (嘉田 由紀子, born 1950), the governor of Shiga Prefecture, Japan
* Yukiko Kai (花郁 悠紀子, 1954–1980), Japanese manga artist
* Yukiko Kashihara (柏原 由紀子, born 1971), retired Japanese competitive figure skater
* Yukiko Kashiwagi (柏木 由紀子, born 1947), Japanese actress
* Yukiko Kawasaki (川崎 由紀子, born 1977), Japanese figure skater
* Yukiko Kawashima (川島 有紀子, born 1996), Japanese ice hockey player
* Yukiko Kobayashi (小林 夕岐子, born 1946), Japanese actress
* Yukiko Maki (1902–1989), Japanese educator
* Yukiko Miyake (三宅 雪子, 1965–2020), Japanese politician
* Yukiko Motoya (本谷 有希子, born 1979), Japanese writer, playwright and theatre director
* Yukiko Okada (岡田 有希子, 1967–1986), former Japanese pop singer
* Yukiko Okamoto (actress) (岡元 夕紀子, born 1979), Japanese singer
* Yukiko Okamoto (athlete) (岡本 幸子, born 1979), Japanese female distance runner
* Yukiko Osada (長田 友喜子, born 1981), retired Japanese swimmer who specialized in the butterfly stroke
* Yukiko Otaka (大高 幸子, born 1940), Japanese swimmer
* Yukiko Sakamoto (坂本 由紀子, born 1949), Japanese politician and member of the Liberal Democratic Party
* Yukiko Sumiyoshi (住吉 文子, born 1982), Japanese manga author
* Yukiko Takayama (高山 由紀子, died 2023), Japanese screenwriter and director
* Yukiko Tamaki (玉木 有紀子, born 1980), Japanese voice actress
* Yukiko Todoroki (轟 夕起子, 1917–1967), former Japanese actress
* Yukiko Ueno (上野 由岐子, born 1982), Japanese softball pitcher
* Yukiko Yamashita (山下 幸子, born 1972), American developmental biologist

## Fictional characters

* Yukiko Amagi (天城 雪子), character from Persona 4
* Yukiko Hirohara (広原 雪子), character in the 11 Eyes manga and anime series
* Yukiko Kitano (北野 雪子), character from the novel, manga and film Battle Royale
* Yukiko Kudō (工藤 有希子), character in the Detective Conan manga and anime series
* Yukiko Steavens (ユキコ・スティーブンス), character in the Gun Sword anime series
* Yukiko Kanzaki (神崎 有希子), character from the Assassination Classroom manga and anime series
* Yukiko Satō (佐藤 雪子), character from The Station Master, a novel by Jirō Asada, which was made into a movie: Poppoya, Railroad Man
# Petty House (San Antonio)

Petty House is a historic Victorian house located at 10 10th Street, San Antonio, Texas along the San Antonio River Walk.

## History

Mary Drake built the house in 1895 in an area known as Milam Bend. After moving to the area, businessman Van Alvin Petty Sr. (1860–1929) and his wife Mary Cordelia née Dabney (1861–1943) purchased the house in November 1901. The Veterans of Foreign Wars Post 76, the largest and oldest VFW post in Texas, purchased the house in 1947 and has been located there ever since.
The City of San Antonio designated it a historic landmark in 2008, followed by the State of Texas in 2017.
# Joseph Friedrich Freiherr von Racknitz

Joseph Friedrich Freiherr von Racknitz (1744–1818) Residing in Dresden, Holy Roman Empire, he worked as the equivalent of a court marshal, and published an often-cited pamphlet about the chess-playing machine The Turk, Ueber den Schachspieler des Herrn von Kempelen, nebst einer Abbildung und Beschreibung seiner Sprachmachine, which attempted to reveal the secret behind the purported automaton using new illustrations as well as personal observations.
Racknitz also had a sizable insect collection. The collection, which contained over 5000 pieces, is still held at the Sachsen State Museum.
# Karl Ludwig, Prince of Wied-Runkel

Karl Ludwig Friedrich Alexander, Prince of Wied-Runkel (29 September 1763 – 9 March 1824) was a German ruler in the Principality of Wied-Runkel from 1791 until 1806 when it was mediatised to the Duchy of Nassau.

## Life
### Origin and family

Karl Ludwig of Wied-Runkel was born as the son of the later Christian Ludwig, Prince of Wied-Runkel (1732–1791) and his wife Charlotte Sophia Augusta von Sayn-Wittgenstein (1741–1803) and grew up with his brothers Friedrich Ludwig (1770–1824) and Christian Friedrich Ludwig (* 1773, ensign in the Upper Rhine District Regiment of Zweibrücken). Five brothers died in early childhood. On September 4, 1787, he married Princess Caroline of Nassau-Weilburg (1770–1828), daughter of Karl Christian, Prince of Nassau-Weilburg and Princess Carolina of Orange-Nassau.

### Work

After his father's death in 1791, he succeeded him. French Revolution troops gradually occupied the areas of the County of Kriechingen between 1793 and 1797. This brought an end to the prince's rule. With the Peace of Lunéville in 1801, the German areas on the left bank of the Rhine were incorporated into the French Republic.
In 1803, he was compensated for his losses and received Altenwied and Neuerburg, a valuable addition to the Westerwald ancestral lands. In 1806, the right-hand part of the Runkel domain went to the Grand Duchy of Berg, which Napoleon had established as a satellite state of the French Empire.
He resided in the Dierdorf Castle. In 1802 it was still said of his widowed mother, Princess Charlotte, née von Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn (14 July 1741 – 5 June 1803): "lives in Dierdorf with her son". In 1816 he had a mausoleum built in Dierdorf in the neo-Gothic style. During his term of office, ordinances and regulations were issued that were necessary to maintain order and security. In literature he is referred to as a "scientific dilettante".
In 1806 Wied-Runkel was mediatised to the Duchy of Nassau and the Grand Duchy of Berg and Karl Ludwig was demoted to the rank of State Lord, with the titles of Prince of Wied and Lord of Runkel.
He died childless on March 9, 1824. His brother Friedrich Ludwig succeeded him in office. When he died just over a month later on April 28, the Wied-Runkel line died out.

### Title

The larger title, when his father was still ruling count, was Carl Ludwig Friederich Alexander, hereditary count of Wied, Isenburg and Criechingen, lord of Runkel, Saarwellingen, Püttlingen, Rollingen, Helflingen and the upper bailiff of Remilly etc., hereditary marshal of the Duchy of Luxembourg and the County of Chiny, then, when he himself ruled, ruling prince of Wied-Runkel, lord of Runkel and Isenburg etc. or finally Carl Ludwig Friedrich Alexander, Prince of Wied, Count of Isenburg, Lord of Runkel and Neuerburg, Hereditary Marshal of the Duchy of Luxembourg and the County of Chiny, Grand Cross of the Polish White Eagle and the Royal Belgian Order of the Lion and the Order of St. John, Honorary Commander.