OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Göta Armoured Life Guards' Company in Gotland

Göta Armoured Life Guards' Company in Gotland (Swedish: Göta pansarlivgardes kompani på Gotland or P 1 Gotland), designated P 1 G, was a Swedish Army armoured unit that was active in various forms 1944–1963. The unit was based in Visby Garrison in Visby, Gotland. It was part of Göta Armour Guards Regiment until 1963.

## History

The unit was raised in 1944 as a detachment on Gotland of the Göta Armour Guards Regiment (P 1). The detachment mainly consisted of a heavy tank company, which had been added from the 10th Armored Brigade. Initially, the company was armed with 18 Stridsvagn m/42, which were replaced in September by 20 Stridsvagn m/41. On 30 March 1963, the detachment was disbanded. On 1 April 1963, the unit was amalgamated with the Gotland Infantry Regiment (I 18) and formed Gotland Regiment (P 18).

## Barracks and training areas
### Barracks

On 1 October 1944, the company was placed to Gotland. The detachment was placed in barracks at Gotland Infantry Regiment (I 18). From 1946, the detachment moved into a newly built barracks, Barracks IV (known from the 1960s as barracks Havde), at Gotland Infantry Regiment.

### Training areas

The detachment on Gotland conducted its training at Hällarna in Visby and at the Tofta proving ground.

## Heraldry and traditions
### Colours, standards and guidons

The unit received its colour on 6 June 1947. It was presented by the military commander of the VII Military Area, major general Samuel Åkerhielm at a ceremony at Oscarsstanen, at which both I 18, A 7, P 1 G and Lv 3 G participated. P 1 G's colour was taken down on 31 March 1963, the last day P 1 G existed as an independent unit. The colour was then put away for 25 years. Colonel Stig Barke, the commanding officer of P 18 from 1983 to 1988, thought that P 18 would manage the memory of P 1 G with the colour as the basis. When P 18 on 30 March 1988 celebrated its 25 years as an armoured regiment, the colour was shown once again. It was handed over to major Anders Österberg, commander of the tank company, by the last commanding officer of P 1 G, the retired lieutenant colonel Bo Forsman. The colour then came to be carried in parallel with the regiment's own colour until the spring of 2000, when it was taken down for the last time, because the tank training at P 18 then ceased.

## Commanding officers

List of commanding officers of the detachment from 1944 to 1963.
* 1944-04-01 – 1945-09-30: CPT Rolf von Krusenstierna
* 1945-10-01 – 1949-05-20: CPT Bengt Ewertz
* 1949-05-21 – 1953-08-31: CPT Sten Sundblad
* 1953-09-01 – 1955-09-30: CPT Gustaf Follin
* 1955-10-01 – 1959-03-31: CPT Gunnar Lagerström
* 1959-04-01 – 1963-03-31: CPT Bo Forsman

## Names, designations and locations

| Name | Translation | From | | To |
| Göta pansarlivgardes kompani på Gotland | Göta Armoured Life Guards' Company in Gotland | 1944-10-01 | – | 1963-03-31 |
| Designation | | From | | To |
| P 1 G | | 1944-10-01 | – | 1963-03-31 |
| Location | | From | | To |
| Visby Garrison | | 1944-10-01 | – | 1963-03-31 |
# Monte Ermada

Monte Ermada, also known as Hermada (Slovene: Grmada) is a hill on the Karst Plateau, near the border between the Italian provinces of Trieste and Gorizia. Most of it is located in the municipality of Duino-Aurisina, with its eastern appendages in Slovenian territory. It consists of a massif with several peaks: besides the main peak, which stands 323 meters above sea level, there are Jastreb (289 m), Goljak (278 m), Grižnik (225 m), Vrh Griže (280 m), Cocco/Na Kokem (280 m), Frščak (235 m), Ter (281 m), Gabrnjak (297 m), Dosso Petrinia/Veliki Škrnjak (201 m), Dosso Petrinia inferior/Mali Škrnjak (167 m), Lisičji Vrh (294 m) and the isolated Castelliere di Ceroglie/Ostri Vrh (215 m). Small valleys, carsic swamps and sinkholes are located between the peaks. The small village of Cerovlje, a hamlet of Duino-Aurisina, is located at the foot of the Ermada.
Archaeological finds have shown that pre-historic settlements existed on the top of the Ermada. During the First World War, the Ermada was one of the main Austro-Hungarian bulwarks for the defense of Trieste from September 1916 onwards; heavily fortified with multiple orders of trenches, tunnels, barbed wire and machine gun posts, it was repeatedly assaulted by the Italian Army during the later battles of the Isonzo, but never taken. Streets named after the Ermada, in commemoration of the battles of the First World War, exist in many Italian cities. Today the Ermada is an open-air museum.
# Röjdykare

The Swedish Navy EOD (Swedish: Röjdykarna) are the clearance divers of the Swedish Navy. They are tasked with conducting with underwater Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) as well as EOD operations on land. The training is very physically and mentally challenging which is why meticulous tests are done before selection.

## History

In 1953, then lieutenants Rolf Hamilton and Gösta Fahlman underwent a special course of light diving for commando at the United States Navy Underwater Demolition Team (UDT), the precursor to the United States Navy SEALs, in San Diego, USA. After completing the education in the United States, captain Rolf Hamilton became head of the first explosive ordnance disposal course Gullmars Base in Skredsvik, Uddevalla Municipality in 1954. From 1956 and a number of years ahead, combat divers were also trained in Skredsvik. Later the training was concentrated to include only clearance divers.

## Selection

The selection can be divided into two steps:
1. Selection test at the Recruitment Authority. The test includes, among other things, theoretical tests aimed at measuring general talent/intelligence, medical examinations such as vision and hearing examinations, physical exams with the purpose of examining the oxygen uptake ability (fitness), strength tests and psychological interviews.
Those who meet the basic requirements for röjdykare can apply for the second step of selection.
2. Complementary tests (KP). Those who fulfill the basic requirements of the selection test are called for a complementary testing. The tests are conducted during four days in Karlskrona. During the KP, physical tests such as running tests are carried out, including three km, strength tests in the form of chins, dips, situps, deadlifts, pushups, back extensions and various water exercises (underwater physical training) such as diving, somersaults, underwater swimming, treading water etc. These water exercises are performed at a high intensity over a long period of time. Thorough medical examinations are also conducted to make sure that the prospective divers can cope with the service as a diver. In addition to this, there are interviews with officers from the röjdykar-division.
KP Röjdyk is very physically challenging and places high demands on both physical performance and motivation. Only 20% of those who come to the KP remain on day 4. The main reasons why a certain proportion of the test takers fail the tests are lack of motivation and poor preparation.

## Activities

Personnel from the unit continuously participate in domestic EOD operations as well as providing support to Swedish and allied forces during operations abroad. Personnel from the Navy EOD Division have participated in Operation Atalanta, integrating with the Swedish Marine Boarding team. They have also done several deployments in Afghanistan as well as in Mali, embedding with line units to provide counter-IED support.
# Landsverk L-10

Landsverk L-10 (Swedish Army designation: stridsvagn m/31, abbr. strv m/31, "tank model-1931") was a Swedish late interwar era medium tank constructed by AB Landsverk for the Swedish Army between 1930 and 1933.
The tank had an advanced design for its time, being the first tank produced to feature an all-welded construction and using periscopes for visibility rather than view slits. It was armed with a turret mounted Bofors 37 mm anti-tank gun L/45 (37 mm kanon fm/32) and two Browning M1917 machine guns (6.5 mm kulspruta m/14-29), one coaxial mounted in the turret and one flexible mounted in the hull, and was equipped with 8–24 mm (0.31 in – 0.94 in) of armour.

## History

Development of the L-10 started in 1930 as part of a competition set up by the Royal Swedish Army Materiel Administration (KAF) for the next generation of Swedish tanks. Landsverk competed against designs from AB Bofors (Krupp) and Morgårdshammar AB, evaluation being conducted in the fall the same year. Landsverks designs came out on top and Landsverk was selected as contractor in January 1931. After further in-depth evaluation of Landsverks designs, KAF ordered three L-10 test vehicles from Landsverk in October 1931, along one Landsverk L-30 trial vehicle (essentially an L-10 with deployable wheels).
The three L-10 vehicles were built in 1933 and delivered to the Swedish Army in 1935. Armour was delivered by Bofors. Despite being highly advanced for their time, they often broke down when not handled properly, and lessons learned from their trials were incorporated into the much improved Landsverk L-60 (strv m/38). When World War II broke out, they were dug in as static bunkers due to a lack of spare parts, as many key parts were produced abroad.
* Unfinished L-10 at Landsverk Landskrona, 1933–1935.
* Unfinished L-10 at Landsverk Landskrona, 1933–1935.
* The three Landsverk L-10 (strv m/31) delivered to the Swedish Army.
* Stridsvagn m/31 during winter trials, late 1930s.

## Landsverk L-30 (strv fm/31)

The L-10 had a variant, known as the L-30, which featured deployable wheel propulsion in addition to its tracks, the idea being that wheeled and tracked propulsion could be quickly interchanged (in less than a minute, even while on the move) depending on the travel surface (road/terrain). A mild steel prototype with a wooden mockup turret was ordered in 1931 (designated stridsvagn fm/31: fm = försöksmodell, "trial model") along the three L-10 (strv m/31) and delivered to the Swedish Army for trials in 1935.

## Surviving vehicles

One L-10 (strv m/31) has been preserved. The vehicles was exhibited at the Swedish Armour Museum in Axvall between 1969 and 2007, then on being moved to the collection of the new Swedish Tank Museum Arsenalen, were it have remained.
* The surviving L-10 (strv m/31) displayed at the Swedish Armour Museum in Axvall, 2003.
* The surviving L-10 (strv m/31) in Swedish Tank Museum Arsenalens storage unit.

## Period Landsverk armoured vehicles

Example list (incomplete)
# Stridsvagn m/41

Stridsvagn m/41 (Strv m/41) was a Swedish medium tank. A license-built version of the Czechoslovak TNH medium tank, it served into the 1950s.

## History

Since 1937, the Swedish army had been interested in the Czechoslovakian TNH tank. In March 1940, some 90 tanks were ordered from ČKD. They were never delivered as Germany, which had occupied Czechoslovakia in 1938, took them for its coming campaign in the East. After negotiations with the German authorities, Scania-Vabis were allowed to build for Swedish army their own tanks under license, as compensation for the seized TNH tanks.

## Production history

In June 1941, 116 Stridsvagn m/41 SI were ordered. These were delivered from December 1942 - August 1943. The Stridsvagn m/41 was of rivetted construction which made manufacture easier. As with the preceding Strv m/38-Strv m/40, it was armed with a 37 mm Bofors m/38 gun, and the first batch had the same engine as the Strv m/40L, the Scania-Vabis type 1664.
In June 1942, a further 122 Stridsvagn m/41 were ordered under the designation Strv m/41 SII. These had thicker frontal armor and Scania's new type L 603 engine. The first SII vehicles were delivered in October 1943. The last 16 of the 122 ordered were rebuilt as assault guns (Sav m/43) and production of SII ceased in March 1944 after 106 vehicles had been delivered.

## Service

The SI tanks were assigned to P3 regiment in Strängnäs, where they equipped the 10th Armored Brigade's light tank companies. The SII tanks were mainly located to the 9th Armored Brigade at P4 regiment in Skövde, while others belonged to the reserve of the P2 and P3 regiments. They were painted in a three-color camouflage.
Stridsvagn m/41 were used until the late 1950s, when they were rebuilt to APCs under the designation Pbv 301. The turrets of these tanks were used on fortifications.
All of the original m/41 were converted to armoured personnel carriers. A Sav m/43 rebuilt as a m/41 is displayed by the "Sveriges Försvarsfordonsmuseum Arsenalen" in Strängnäs.

### Variants

A tank gun designated the 57 mm Pvkan m/43 was mounted in a large square open-topped turret on the chassis of the Strv m/41 and given the designation Pansarvärnskanonvagn III (Armor defense cannon car), or Pvkv III for short. The Pvkv III was a tank destroyer and the related Pansarvärnskanonvagn II, or Pvkv II for short used the same turret and chassis but was armed with a lvkan m/37 A 75 mm gun.
# Open Sesame (TV series)

Open Sesame is a children's television series composed solely of the skits and segments of the American television series Sesame Street. While some countries air the American program in whole, and some create their own versions of the show, many more air this title of loosely associated skits, as Open Sesame. The name is a pun based on the magic words "Open sesame" which are used in the legend of Ali Baba.
The first Open Sesame packages debuted in 1975 and 1976, in Spain, Sweden, France, and Montreal, Canada. By 1979, Portugal and Italy had followed suit. Some of these countries, based on the success of the dubbed series, later expanded into co-productions, with varying levels of success.

## Australia

The Australian version of Open Sesame is a half-hour compilation series of Sesame Street sketches, seen on Nick Jr. in Australia. The series follows the same format as other Open Sesame packages, only retaining the original soundtrack.
On March 1, 2004, separate from the package, the Australian Muppet Ollie (who is the cousin of Elmo) appears in Play Along with Ollie interstitials scattered throughout the programming schedule.

## Greece

The Greek version of Open Sesame entitled aired on ERT2 1985-1987; ERT1 1993-2000; Star Channel 2002-2004

## Philippines

The Filipino version of Open Sesame entitled "(Tagalized)" aired on ABS-CBN 1990-1991; GMA Network 2000-2001 (Weekends only)

## Earliest known use

The earliest seasons of Sesamstrasse, while not officially part of the format, used a variation, but incorporated a greater amount of local film and cartoon inserts.

## Sesamo Apriti

Sesamo Apriti (Open Sesame) is the Italian version of Sesame Street, first broadcast in 1971. Approximately 50 episodes of the American show were cut to a half hour, and translated into Italian. A Sesamo Apriti board game and record album were released in 1978.
"Performers" The voices on the series were dubbed into Italian.
Ernesto (Ernie): Dario Mazzoli
Berto (Bert): Loris Gizzi
Bob: Pierluigi Zollo
Maria: Pina Cei
Luis: Guido Celano
Linda: Emy Eco
Susan: Rita Baldini
Kermit: Leonardo Severini, Willy Moser
Pasticcino (Cookie Monster): Franco Latini
Ghiottoncello (?): Edoardo Nevola
Rocco Scirocco (Grover): Fernando Cerulli
Mamma (?): Magda Mercatali
Bingo Rock (?): Edoardo Nevola
# Suzanne Bergansky

Suzanne Bergansky is a former member of the Ohio House of Representatives.
# Chester Gillespie

Chester K. Gillespie (1897–1985) was a lawyer and politician who worked for civil rights in Cleveland, Ohio.

## Biography

Gillespie was born in Home City, Ohio to Warren and Lulu Trail Gillespie. He graduated from Ohio State University and then from Baldwin-Wallace College Law School in 1920. He served three terms in the Ohio General Assembly in 1933–34, 1939–40, and 1943–44. He was a Republican.
He served in the U.S. Army during World War II. He and fellow attorney Clayborne George were denied office space in buildings in downtown Cleveland because they were African American.
Gillespie served as president of the Cleveland Branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1936 and 1937.
# Ted Gray (politician)

Theodore Milton Gray (September 3, 1927 – March 6, 2024) was an American Republican politician who served in the Ohio Senate. Gray initially ran for the Senate in 1950, and won. He was sworn in on January 3, 1951 to his first term. He won reelection in 1954, 1958. After winning a fourth consecutive term in 1962, Gray was elected majority leader of the Senate. After winning a fifth term in 1966, Gray rose to the title of President pro tempore, the second highest post in the Senate.

## Life and career

Theodore Milton Gray was born in Springfield, Ohio, on September 3, 1927.
By 1970, Gray's district had been redrawn to not include his home of Piqua, Ohio. As a result, he moved to Upper Arlington, Ohio, so he could stay in the Senate. He went on to win a sixth consecutive term. He again won reelection in 1974, 1978, and 1982. He ran unopposed in 1986 for election to a tenth consecutive term in the Senate.
In 1990, Gray was elected to what would be his last term, marking his fifth decade as a legislator. In his last term, Gray was appointed to serve as Senate Finance Chairman, one of the most powerful posts in the Senate. By 1992, speculations began to arise on whether Gray would serve the remainder of his term. Two years later on February 24, 1994, Gray resigned from his post. In all, he had spent over 43 years in the legislature, longer than any other person in Ohio history.
Following his retirement, Gray remained in Upper Arlington, Ohio, where he died on March 6, 2024, at the age of 96.
# James B. Hagan

James B. Hagan, Sr. (1923–1988) was a member of the Ohio House of Representatives. He had also served as a trustee in Liberty Township, where he resided.
He died of heart disease in 1988 in a hotel in Columbus, where he had been staying to attend a granddaughter's high school graduation.
His brother Robert Hagan and nephews Robert F. Hagan and Timothy Hagan also served in various political offices in Ohio.
# Gogrial State

Gogrial State was a state in South Sudan that existed between 2 October 2015 and 22 February 2020. It was located in the Bahr el Ghazal region and it bordered Twic to the north, Aweil East to the northwest, Aweil to the west, Wau to the southwest, Tonj to the southeast, and Northern Liech to the northeast.
Gogrial Akuol comprises five Sections: Awan Mou Ring, Awan Chan Nyal, Kuac Ayok Gong, Aguok Mou Aken, and Apuk Giir Thiik/Jok Tong. Twic Mayardit was formerly a section in Gogrial up until the late 80’s, but is still referenced as a state today.

## History

On 2 October 2015, President Salva Kiir issued a decree establishing 28 states in place of the 10 constitutionally established states. The decree established the new states largely along ethnic lines. A number of opposition parties and civil society groups challenged the constitutionality of the decree. Kiir later resolved to take it to parliament for approval as a constitutional amendment. In November the South Sudanese parliament empowered President Kiir to create new states. Gogrial State was created from part of the former Warrap State.
Abraham Gum Makuach was appointed Governor on 24 December 2015. Akec Tong Aleu, the previous governor, became governor of Tonj state after the division into 28 states, paving the way for the appointment of Makuach.
In February 2016, there were nine cabinet positions, including Governor and Deputy Governor. The state is required to have 21 legislators appointed to the state assembly.
Gogrial State is the home state of President Salva Kiir.

## Administrative divisions

After the split up, Gogrial State broke down even further for a total of 13 counties by Governor Makuach, which were created in February 2016: Two new additional counties were created later on to bring the total of 15. The 15 counties are part of the 180 counties in South Sudan. The 15 counties are consisted of the following:
* Former Gogrial East County:
** Apuk East; headquarters: Lietnhom
** Apuk North; headquarters: Nyang-Jur
** Apuk South; headquarters: Pindit
** Apuk West; headquarters: Ajogo
* Former Gogrial West County:
** Aguok Centre; headquarters: Alek
** Aguok North; headquarters: Mayom-Kadaduet
** Aguok South; headquarters: Gogrial Town
** Aguok West; headquarters: Keet
** Awan Chan; headquarters: Akon
** Awan Pajook; headquarters: Mayen Pajok
** Awan Riau; headquarters: Pan-liet
** Kuac East; headquarters: Ajiep
** Kuac North; headquarters: Malual-Monyjoc or Karic
** Kuac South; headquarters: Yienh-Liet or Ajep
** Kuac West; headquarters: Mayom-Ariech
Nine of the counties are in Gogrial West and four are in Gogrial East. Makuach's plan received criticism as the Council of States recommended no more than eight counties per state.
# Rodney Hughes

Rodney H. Hughes (August 2, 1925 – November 19, 2005) was a former member of the Ohio House of Representatives, serving the 78th District from 1967 to 1990. Born in Harrod, Ohio Hughes served as mayor of Bellefontaine from 1962 to 1967 prior to his election to the House of Representatives. Hughes was a Combat Staff Sergeant in the 358th Division of the 90th Infantry and received a Purple Heart and Bronze Star. He lived in Huntsville at the time of his death.
# Larry Hughes (politician)

Lawrence Edward Hughes Sr. (September 18, 1931 – September 1, 2000) was a member of the Ohio House of Representatives. He died in 2000. He is the father of state Senator Jim Hughes.
# Ralph L. Humphrey

Ralph L. Humphrey (March 17, 1908 – April 11, 1961) was a member of the Ohio House of Representatives, serving Ashtabula County from 1949 to 1952, and again in 1961. He also served in the Ohio Senate from 1953 to 1960. He died on April 11, 1961, while in office.
# Paweł Krutul

Paweł Krutul (born February 21, 1974, in Białystok) is a Polish politician, manager and entrepreneur, member of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland of the 9th term.

## Biography

He is a graduate of management and marketing, he obtained his master's degree from the Academy of Finance and Management in Białystok in 2002. He also completed postgraduate studies at the Higher School of Public Administration. Stanisław Staszic in the same city. He was the director of the parliamentary office. For 13 years he worked as a manager at Central European Distribution Corporation. He was a member of the programming board of TVP3 Białystok. He also started his own business.
He was an activist of Nowoczesna (he served, among others, as vice-chairman of the party in the Podlaskie Voivodeship). In 2017, he joined the Civic Platform[5]. In 2019, he joined the Spring party, becoming the chairman of its Podlaskie structures.
In the 2019 parliamentary elections, he ran from the first place on the Democratic Left Alliance list in the Białystok parliamentary constituency (as part of an agreement between left-wing parties). He was elected as a member of the Sejm of the 9th term, receiving 13,455 votes. In the Sejm, he became a member of the National Defense Committee and the Committee on Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, as well as vice-chairman of the permanent Subcommittee for foreign cooperation and NATO. In June 2021, after the dissolution of Spring party, he became an MP of the New Left.