OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Causal plane

Causal plane is a term used in Neo-Theosophy, some contemporary Vedanta, the New Age, (especially some channelled communications), and sometimes Occultism, to describe a high spiritual plane of existence. However, there is great variation between the different definitions.

## Neo-theosophy

The Neo-theosophy of Annie Besant and C. W. Leadbeater replaced Blavatsky's "Higher Manas" principle with the "Higher Mental", "Abstract Mind" (as opposed to Lower Mental or "Concrete Mind"), or Causal Body. The equivalent cosmic plane is the Causal Plane. A detailed description of the Causal Plane, along with the Causal Body, is provided by A. E. Powell, who has compiled information in the works of Besant and Leadbeater in a series of books on each of the subtle bodies.
The Neo-theosophical concept of Causal Plane proved very influential both in India (via the Adyar branch of Theosophy) and in the New Age, via Alice Bailey.

## Satguru Sivaya Subramuniyaswami

Satguru Sivaya Subramuniyaswami incorporates Theosophical ideas into the traditional Hindu Vedic cosmology, when he describes three worlds of existence (triloka) as Bhuloka or physical plane, Antarloka or the subtle or astral plane, and Sivaloka ("World of Siva") or the causal plane or Karanaloka, the world of the Gods and highly developed souls. About this latter he says
   The causal plane is the world of light and blessedness, the highest of heavenly regions, extolled in the scriptures of all faiths. It is the foundation of existence, the source of visions, the point of conception, the apex of creation. The causal plane is the abode of Lord Siva and His entourage of Mahadevas and other highly evolved souls who exist in their own self-effulgent form—radiant bodies of centillions of quantum light particles.
He further says that this region, present as the clear white light that illumines the mind, can be accessed through the three higher chakras, the vishuddha, ajna and sahasrara

## Astral travel

Although Neo-theosophy presents the sequence Physical-Astral-Mental-Causal, in the jargon of some astral travelling teachings, the causal plane is the one just above the astral plane. According to the Astral Voyage website (see glossary) this is the region where memories and karmic patterns are stored, and where a practitioner can access information regarding the past and future.

## Michael cosmology

The complex metaphysics of the Channelled entity Michael includes a description of the universe in terms of seven planes. These are the Physical plane, the Astral plane, the Causal plane, the Akashic plane, the Mental plane, the Messianic plane, and the Buddhaic plane. Here the Causal plane is the third plane of creation, and its medium is concrete intellectual energy. In The Michael Teachings, this is Michael's plane of existence.
# William Beatty (Pennsylvania politician)

William Beatty (1787 – April 12, 1851) was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.
William Beatty was born in Stewartstown, County Tyrone in the Kingdom of Ireland in 1787. He immigrated to the United States in 1807 and settled in Butler, Pennsylvania. He was a sergeant in Captain Thompson's company in the War of 1812. He served as sheriff of Butler County, Pennsylvania, from 1823 to 1826.
Beatty was elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-fifth and Twenty-sixth Congresses. He was a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1840 to 1842. He appointed deputy sheriff of Butler County and died in Butler in 1851. Interment in the Old Butler Cemetery.
# Hemashree

Hemashree Hosahalli Nagaraju (1982 – 9 October 2012) was an Indian actress who worked in Kannada television soap operas. A struggling actress, she had also appeared in a handful of Kannada films in supporting roles. At the 2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly elections, she contested with a Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) ticket for her home town Chikkanayakana Halli in the Tumkur region of Karnataka. She died of mysterious circumstances in October 2012, and her husband Surendra Babu was alleged to have murdered her.

## Career

Hemashree made her debut as an actress in 2001, as a 19-year-old, in a Kannada television soap opera. She trained at the Adarsha Film and T. V. Institute, Bangalore. In the following years, she worked in soaps such as Danda Pindagalu, Saahasa Lakshmiyaru and others made by S. Narayan. She appeared in minor roles in films, Varsha and Sirivantha (2006).

## Personal life

Hemashree was married to R. Surendra Babu, an advocate and a realtor, on 22 June 2011. She was coerced to marry him by her mother, who ha received a dowry of ₹50 lakh from Babu, who was 48 at the time. The followed day, she registered a complaint with the Bangalore City Police over the matter and sought police protection fearing that Babu could harm her. It was also revealed that her "allegedly greedy family" forced her into politics. The couple lived in the Banashankari neighbourhood of Bangalore.

## Partial filmography

Movies :
| Year | Title |
| 2002 | Appu |
| 2002 | Marma |
| 2005 | Varsha |
| 2006 | Sirivantha |
| 2008 | Ugragami |
| 2009 | Cinema Alla Real Story |
| 2010 | Veera Parampare |
TV shows :
| Year | Title |
| Un­known | Danda Pindagalu |
| 2002 | Daridra Lakshmiyaru |
| Un­known | Mahamayi |
| Un­known | Tulasi |
| 2004 | Uttarayana |
| Un­known | Vatara |
# Allium hickmanii

Allium hickmanii is a rare species of wild onion known by the common name Hickman's onion. It is endemic to California, where it is known from Monterey, and San Luis Obispo Counties.

## Description

Allium hickmanii grows from a pale brown or gray bulb about a centimeter long and produces a stem up to 17 centimeters tall. There are generally two long, cylindrical leaves which are longer than the stem. The inflorescence holds up to about 15 white or pinkish flowers each less than a centimeter long.
# Gary Blodgett

Gary B. Blodgett (October 17, 1937 – May 19, 2021) was an American politician in the state of Iowa.
Blodgett was born in Pleasantville, Iowa, and attended the University of Iowa. He was elected in 1992 to represent Cerro Gordo county in the Iowa House of Representatives, where he served as Deputy Majority Leader from 1993 to 2001 (19th district).
He represented Iowa's 19th district, serving as Chairman of the Ways & Means Committee and on the Rules, Transportation and Human Resources Committees.
Blodgett served in the U.S. Public Health Service from 1962 to 1965, and practiced orthodontistry in Mason City, Iowa, from 1967 to 1992. He was a former President of the Iowa Society of Orthodontists, in office from 1970 to 1972. While practicing orthodontics, Dr. Blodgett chaired membership drives and fundraising campaigns for the YMCA, the United Way, the March of Dimes and numerous other charities in Cerro Gordo county.
Beginning in 1976, when he raised money for then-President Gerald Ford's campaign, Blodgett had been a leading Iowa Republican fundraiser. In his first race as a candidate, he outspent his Democratic opponent by a nearly 30-to-one margin. In 1956, Blodgett married Sandra 'Sandy' J. Hodgson and had three children with her. One of his sons is conservative political writer Todd Blodgett, who served on the White House staff during the Reagan-Bush years and later worked for the FBI. In 2001, President George W. Bush appointed Blodgett to the position of Administrative Law Judge with the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. In this position, Judge Blodgett adjudicated legal cases involving Medicare and Medicaid, hospital corporations, HMOs, and pharmaceutical providers until 2008 in Washington, D.C. Blodgett was an advisor to every Republican President from Gerald R. Ford to George W. Bush. In Oct., 2007, he was named the 'Distinguished Alumnus of the Year' by the University of Iowa.
He died of Alzheimer's disease on May 19, 2021, in Mason City, Iowa, at age 83.
# Thomas Patterson (Pennsylvania politician)

Thomas Patterson (October 1, 1764 – November 16, 1841) was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.
Thomas Patterson (half brother of John Patterson) was born in Little Britain Township, Pennsylvania. He moved with his parents to Pattersons Mills, Pennsylvania, in 1778. He engaged in agricultural pursuits and operated a flour mill. He served as a major general of militia in the War of 1812.
Patterson was elected as a Republican to the Fifteenth Congress and the two succeeding Congresses and reelected as a Jackson Republican to the Eighteenth Congress. He did not seek renomination in 1824. He resumed former business pursuits and died in Cross Creek Township, Pennsylvania, in 1841. Interment in West Middletown Cemetery in West Middletown, Pennsylvania.

## Sources

* United States Congress. "Thomas Patterson (id: P000128)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
* The Political Graveyard
U.S. House of Representatives :
| Preceded byAaron Lyle | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district 1817–1823 | Succeeded byJohn Brown |
| Preceded byPatrick Farrelly | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania's 15th congressional district 1823–1825 | Succeeded byJoseph Lawrence |
* This article about a member of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Yakov Rostovtsev

Iakov Ivanovich Rostovtsev (9 January 1804 [O.S. 28 December 1803] – 18 February [O.S. 6 February] 1860) was a leading figure in the formulation of statutes which effectively emancipated the Russian serfs.

## Biography

Born in St Petersburg, Russia, Rostovtsev became a career soldier, and was a young officer at the time of the 1825 Decembrist revolt. When he was invited to join the plot, he instead reported it to Tsar Nicholas I, though without revealing the names of the officers involved.
Rostovtsev went on to hold posts in military education, and was involved in the administration of the cadet corps, reaching the rank of Full General.
In 1857, when the Tsar made public his plans under the Nazimov Rescript to reform the institution of serfdom, Rostovtsev was appointed to the Editing Commission charged with developing those plans, after a conservative leaning secret commission found Emancipation to be impossible. His subsequent report was well received, and brought him the chairmanship of the Commission whose task was to draft the necessary statutes.
The resulting statutes were issued on 19 February 1861, a year after Rostovtsev's death. On that occasion Rostovtsev's widow and children were made Counts of the Russian Empire.
# James Milnor

James Milnor (June 20, 1773 Philadelphia – April 8, 1845 Manhattan, New York) was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania for two years (1811–1813), a lawyer for 16 years (1794 to 1810), and an Episcopal priest for 29+1⁄2 years (from mid-1814 to 1845).

## Education & career

Milnor attended public grammar school in Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia, but initially did not graduate. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1794 and commenced practice in Norristown, Pennsylvania. He moved to Philadelphia in 1797 and continued the practice of his profession. He was a member of the Philadelphia Common Council in 1800, a member of the Select Council from 1805 to 1810 and served as president in 1808 and 1809. On July 29, 1819, the University of Pennsylvania conferred on Milnor the degree of Doctor of Divinity. Milnor had begun studying divinity with Bishop William White while in Washington, D.C.
In October 1810, Milnor, a Federalist, was elected to represent the First Congressional District of Pennsylvania, in the Twelfth Congress. After his time in Congress, he studied theology and was ordained as a minister of the Protestant Episcopal Church. In 1814 he was appointed assistant minister of St. Peter's Church in Philadelphia and in 1816, he was elected rector of St. George's Chapel in New York City, a capacity he served in until his death in New York City in 1845. Among his parishioners was Mary Simpson, an African-American grocer who lived on John Street. Milnor was interred in Greenwood Cemetery, Brooklyn, New York.

## Affiliations

In 1798, Milnor had been an officer of Pennsylvania Society, which at the time, was waging a movement to abolish slavery.
In 1829. he began his tenure as President of the New York Institution for the Deaf.

## Family

James Milnor was married, on 28 February 1799, to Eleanor Pawling, daughter of Henry Pawling and Rebecca Bull. James Milnor was the brother of William Milnor, also a former member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.
# Benjamin Pringle

Benjamin Pringle (November 9, 1807 – June 7, 1887) was a United States representative from New York. Born in Richfield Springs, Otsego County, he completed preparatory studies, studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1830 and practiced for a number of years. He was president of a bank in Batavia, Genesee County and was judge of the Genesee County Court from 1841 to 1846.
Pringle was elected as a Whig to the Thirty-third Congress and reelected as an Opposition Party candidate to the Thirty-fourth Congress, holding office from March 4, 1853, to March 3, 1857. During the Thirty-fourth Congress, he was chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1856 to the Thirty-fifth Congress and was a member of the New York State Assembly (Genesee Co.) in 1862. Pringle was appointed by President Abraham Lincoln in 1863 judge of the court of arbitration in Cape Town (in what is now South Africa) under the treaty with Great Britain of April 7, 1862 for the suppression of the African slave trade. He was appointed a member of the board of trustees of the State Institution for the Blind in 1873, and in 1887 died in Hastings, Dakota County, Minnesota. Interment was in the Old Cemetery, Batavia.
# Ingwer Hansen

Ingwer L. Hansen (August 8, 1912 – February 7, 2000) was an American politician who sat in the Iowa House of Representatives from the 3rd district from 1973 to 1983. He began working for the United States Postal Service in 1930, was in the United States Army during World War II from 1944 to 1946, returned to USPS after military service, and retired in 1972.
# Neal Hines

Neal Edward Hines (August 30, 1950 – July 7, 2019) was an American politician who served in the Iowa House of Representatives from the 41st district from 1975 to 1979. He also served in the South Dakota House of Representatives from 1989 to 1990.
He died on July 7, 2019, in Ames, Iowa at age 68.
# 961 in Norway

Events in the year 961 in Norway.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Haakon I Haraldsson

## Events

* Battle of Fitjar

## Deaths

* This year in Norway article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Samuel A. Smith

Samuel A. Smith (1795 – May 15, 1861) was an American politician from Pennsylvania who served as a Jacksonian member of the U.S. House of Representatives for Pennsylvania's 8th congressional district from 1829 to 1833.
Samuel A. Smith was born in Harrow, Pennsylvania. He was commissioned justice of the peace for the Rockhill-Milford district before he was twenty-one years of age. He served as register of wills for Bucks County, Pennsylvania, from 1824 to 1829. He was the brigade inspector of militia for the Bucks and Montgomery County district. He resigned this position in 1832, and was elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-first Congress to fill in part the vacancies caused by the resignations of George Wolf and Samuel D. Ingham. He was reelected to the Twenty-second Congress.
He was a member of the Pennsylvania State Senate for the 4th district from 1841 to 1842. He was appointed associate judge of the courts of Bucks County by Governor Porter in 1844 and served until 1849. He engaged in mercantile pursuits in Doylestown, Pennsylvania, and later in Point Pleasant, Pennsylvania. He died in Point Pleasant in 1861. Interment in the Doylestown Presbyterian Church Cemetery in Doylestown, Pennsylvania.
# Clark R. Rasmussen

Clark Ray Rasmussen (July 11, 1934 – October 9, 2024) was an American politician who represented Polk County in the Iowa House of Representatives from 1965 to 1967 as a member of the Democratic Party.

## Early life

Rasmussen was born in Kimballton, Iowa, on July 11, 1934. He had four sisters, one of whom was his fraternal twin. He graduated from Elk Horn High School in 1952 and enrolled at Grand View University. He served in the 1st Cavalry Division in Japan from 1954 to 1956. He resumed his studies at Grand View upon returning and then attended Drake University, from which he graduated with a Bachelor of Science in 1958.

## Career

Rasmussen worked as a claims supervisor for the Travelers Insurance Company after graduating from Drake. In 1964, he was elected to represent Polk County in the Iowa House of Representatives, where he served one term. He was one of 11 people who represented Polk County during the 61st General Assembly under the short-lived redistricting act enabled by the Democratic legislature that allowed for the state's most populous counties to elect multiple representatives. He then served as chairman of the Iowa Democratic Party until 1971, when he became an aide to senator Harold Hughes. In 1974, he ran for governor of Iowa, but lost in the Democratic primaries, winning 16% of the vote.
After his defeat, he opened Rasmussen and Sons Bicycle Shop in West Des Moines. He served as secretary of the Iowa Senate in 1975. He later served as clerk of the Polk County district court for 11 years before being elected to the Polk County Board of Supervisors in 1986, where he served one term.

## Personal life and death

Rasmussen married Joanne Disterhoft in 1956 and had five children. He died in Des Moines, Iowa, on October 9, 2024, at the age of 90.
Rasmussen was a member of Delta Sigma Pi.
# Carl Reed

Carl Webster Reed (May 6, 1873 – December 15, 1959) was an American lawyer and politician.
Carl Reed was born to Henry Thomas Reed and his wife Laura Webster Reed on May 6, 1873, in Cresco, Iowa. After graduating from Cresco High School in 1892, Carl Reed attended the University of Wisconsin and completed his legal studies at the University of Minnesota Law School in 1896. Carl Reed worked in his father's law office from 1892 to 1904, excepting 1895, eventually becoming partner. After T. H. Reed was appointed to a district judgeship, the Reeds' legal practice became a solo endeavor for Carl. In December 1910, Carl Reed entered a legal partnership with Charles Pergler.
Like his father, Carl Reed was a member of the Republican Party. Reed served as Cresco city attorney from 1896 to 1902, as a member of the Cresco city council between 1911 and 1914, and was the Howard County attorney from 1915 to 1919. Reed was subsequently elected to two full terms on the Iowa Senate, representing District 42 from January 13, 1919 to January 9, 1927. Carl Reed was appointed a judge of Iowa's thirteenth judicial district in 1926. In 1938, he began practicing law with one of his sons, Henry F. Reed. In 1940, Carl Reed won the first of two terms on the State Commerce Commission, and moved to Des Moines. He stepped down in 1948, and declined to run for another term in 1956.
Carl Reed married Alice Mathilda Swenson on July 14, 1909. The couple raised three children: June Carlisle Reed, Henry Frederick Reed, and Richard Carl Reed. Carl W. Reed died in Des Moines on December 15, 1959.
# John Westbrook (Pennsylvania politician)

John Westbrook (January 9, 1789 – October 8, 1852) was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.
John Westbrook was born in Sussex County, New Jersey. He moved with his parents to Pike County, Pennsylvania, in 1792 and settled near Dingmans Ferry, Pennsylvania. He attended private schools and was engaged in lumbering and agricultural pursuits. He served as a colonel in the State militia in 1812 and as sheriff of Pike County in 1817. He was a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1833.
Westbrook was elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-seventh Congress. He declined to be a candidate for reelection in 1842 to the Twenty-eighth Congress. He resumed agricultural pursuits and died near Dingmans Ferry in 1852. Interment in Laurel Hill Cemetery in Milford, Pennsylvania.

## Sources

* United States Congress. "John Westbrook (id: W000306)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
* The Political Graveyard
U.S. House of Representatives :
| Preceded byDavid D. Wagener | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania's 7th congressional district 1841–1843 | Succeeded byAbraham R. McIlvaine |
# James S. Simmons (New York politician)

James Samuel Simmons (November 25, 1861 – November 28, 1935) was a U.S. Representative from New York and nephew of fellow congressman Milton George Urner.
Born near Liberty, Maryland, Simmons attended the public schools and the local academy at Liberty. He graduated from Frederick College. He moved to Roanoke, Virginia, in 1880 and engaged in the real estate business. He moved to Niagara Falls, New York, in 1894 and continued in the real estate business. He served as chairman of the Republican city committee in 1907 and 1908.
Simmons was elected as a Republican to the Sixty-first and Sixty-second United States Congresses (March 4, 1909 – March 3, 1913). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1912 to the Sixty-third Congress. He served as the delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1912. He resumed the real estate business in Niagara Falls, New York, and also, in 1927, in St. Petersburg, Florida, where he died on November 28, 1935. He was interred in Riverdale Cemetery in Lewiston, New York.

## Sources

* United States Congress. "James S. Simmons (id: S000418)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
U.S. House of Representatives :
| Preceded byPeter A. Porter | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 34th congressional district 1909–1913 | Succeeded byGeorge W. Fairchild |
vteNew York's delegation(s) to the 61st–62nd United States Congresses (ordered by seniority) :
61st
Senate: ▌C. Depew (R) · ▌E. Root (R)
House:
▌S. Payne (R)
▌W. Sulzer (D)
▌D. Alexander (R)
▌G. Southwick (R)
▌M. Driscoll (R)
▌J. Fitzgerald (D)
▌E. Vreeland (R)
▌W. Draper (R)
▌H. Goldfogle (D)
▌G. Lindsay (D)
▌J. Perkins (R)
▌C. Knapp (R)
▌J. Dwight (R)
▌T. Bradley (R)
▌J. Goulden (D)
▌D. Riordan (D)
▌J. Andrus (R)
▌W. Bennet (R)
▌W. Calder (R)
▌W. Cocks (R)
▌J. Fassett (R)
▌C. Law (R)
▌J. V. Olcott (R)
▌H. Parsons (R)
▌F. Harrison (D)
▌C. Durey (R)
▌G. Fairchild (R)
▌C. Fornes (D)
▌G. Malby (R)
▌W. Willett (D)
▌O. Foelker (R)
▌M. Conry (D)
▌D. Driscoll (R)
▌H. Fish II (R)
▌C. Millington (R)
▌J. Simmons (R)
▌R. Young (R)
▌J. Havens (D)
62nd
Senate: ▌E. Root (R) · ▌J. O'Gorman (D)
House:
▌S. Payne (R)
▌W. Sulzer (D)
▌M. Driscoll (R)
▌J. Fitzgerald (D)
▌E. Vreeland (R)
▌W. Draper (R)
▌H. Goldfogle (D)
▌G. Lindsay (D)
▌J. Dwight (R)
▌T. Bradley (R)
▌D. Riordan (D)
▌J. Andrus (R)
▌W. Calder (R)
▌F. Harrison (D)
▌F. Wilson (D)
▌G. Fairchild (R)
▌C. Fornes (D)
▌G. Malby (R)
▌M. Conry (D)
▌D. Driscoll (D)
▌J. Simmons (R)
▌J. Levy (D)
▌T. Akin (R)
▌S. Ayers (ID)
▌R. Connell (D)
▌H. Danforth (R)
▌H. De Forest (R)
▌H. George Jr. (D)
▌J. Kindred (D)
▌M. Littleton (D)
▌J. Maher (D)
▌L. Mott (R)
▌T. Patten (D)
▌W. Redfield (D)
▌C. Smith (D)
▌C. Talcott (D)
▌E. Underhill (D)
▌E. Merritt (R) :
This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
# Myron Dorn

Myron Dorn (born October 23, 1954, in Beatrice, Nebraska) is a state senator for Nebraska from District 30. He is from Adams in Gage County. He is a Republican.

## Electoral history

Nebraska's 30th Legislative District Election, 2022 :
| Primary election |||||
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Myron Dorn (incumbent) | 9,024 | 100.00 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 9,024 | 100.00 |
| General election |||||
| | Republican | Myron Dorn (incumbent) | 12,603 | 100.00 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 12,603 | 100.00 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |