# National Union of Teachers

The National Union of Teachers (NUT; /ˈnʌt/) was a trade union for school teachers in England, Wales, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. It was a member of the Trades Union Congress. In March 2017, NUT members endorsed a proposed merger with the Association of Teachers and Lecturers to form a new union known as the National Education Union, which came into existence on 1 September 2017. The union recruited only qualified teachers and those training to be qualified teachers into membership and on dissolution had almost 400,000 members, making it the largest teachers' union in the United Kingdom.

## Campaigns

The NUT campaigned on educational issues and working conditions for its members. Among the NUT's policies in 2017 were:
* Fair pay for teachers
* Work-life balance for teachers
* Against academies
* Abolition of National Curriculum Tests (SATs)
* One union for all teachers
The NUT offered legal protection to its members. The NUT established two financial services companies for teachers, Teachers Assurance in 1877 and the Teachers Building Society in 1966.

## History

The NUT was established at a meeting at King's College London on 25 June 1870 as the National Union of Elementary Teachers (NUET) to represent all school teachers in England and Wales combining a number of local teacher associations which had formed across the country following the Elementary Education Act 1870 (33 & 34 Vict. c. 75). After toying with the idea of changing the name to the National Union of English Teachers, the name National Union of Teachers (NUT) was finally adopted at Annual Conference in April 1889.
In 1919, in response to an NUT referendum approving the principle of equal pay, a ginger group, the National Association of Men Teachers (NAMT), was formed within the NUT to further the interests of male teachers. The NAMT changed its name in 1920 to the National Association of Schoolmasters (NAS) and seceded finally from the NUT in 1922. The secession came about indirectly following a decision at the NAS Conference that year to prohibit NAS members from continuing to also be members of the NUT after the 31 December 1922. The NAS is now amalgamated into the NASUWT, the second-largest teaching union in the UK.
The NUT first established its offices at 7 Adam Street, Adelphi, London WC on the appointment of the first full-time Secretary in 1873. In 1889 it moved its headquarters to Bolton House, 67/71 Russell Square, London WC. In 1915, it moved its headquarters to Hamilton House, Mabledon Place, London WC1H 9BD, where it has remained ever since, except during the Second World War, when the NUT rented Toddington Manor, Gloucestershire in order to avoid air raids.

## Leadership
### General Secretaries

The General Secretary was the leader of the NUT. From 1989, the General Secretary was elected by the union's membership, with each term lasting five years.
* William Lawson, 1870–1873
* Thomas Heller, 1873–1891
* James Yoxall, 1892–1924
* Frank Goldstone, 1924–1931
* Frederick Mander, 1931–1947
* Ronald Gould, 1947–1970
* Edward Britton, 1970–1975
* Fred Jarvis, 1975–1989
* Doug McAvoy, 1989–2004
* Steve Sinnott, 2004–2008 (died in office)
* Christine Blower, 2008–2016 (acting until May 2009)
* Kevin Courtney, 2016–2017

### Deputy General Secretaries

    1960s: Ernest Naisbitt
    1970: Fred Jarvis
    1974: Doug McAvoy
    c.1989: Mary Hufford
    1994: Steve Sinnott
    2005: Christine Blower
    2010: Kevin Courtney
    2016: Post vacant

### Presidents

    1870: John James Graves
    1871: J. Langton
    1872: W. Osborn
    1873: T. Smith
    1874: H. J. Moore
    1875: J. H. Devonshire
    1876: G. Seldon
    1877: W. Gardner
    1878: T. N. Day
    1879: J. W. Grove
    1880: G. J. Rankilor
    1881: J. R. Langler
    1882: R. Sykes
    1883: C. J. Dawson
    1884: R. Greenwood
    1885: R. Wild
    1886: A. Trail
    1887: G. Girling
    1888: W. J. Pope
    1889: R. Wild
    1890: H. J. Walker
    1891: G. Collins
    1892: James Yoxall
    1893: Charles Bowden
    1894: Ernest Gray
    1895: T. B. Ellery
    1896: Thomas Macnamara
    1897: C. J. Addiscott
    1898: Richard Waddington
    1899: Thomas Clancy
    1900: Marshall Jackman
    1901: James Blacker
    1902: Allen Croft
    1903: H. Coward
    1904: George Sharples
    1905: Tom John
    1906: T. P. Sykes
    1907: A. R. Pickles
    1908: W. A. Nicholls
    1909: C. W. Hole
    1910: Marshall Jackman
    1911: Isabel Cleghorn
    1912: Walter David Bentliff
    1913: A. W. Dakers
    1914: William Bridgland Steer
    1915: William Bridgland Steer
    1916: Charles Williamson Crook
    1917: Thomas Underdown
    1918: Essie Conway
    1919: W. P. Folland
    1920: J. F. Wood
    1921: G. H. Powell
    1922: William Cove
    1923: E. J. Sainsbury
    1924: M. Conway
    1925: C. T. Wing
    1926: Fred Barraclough
    1927: Frederick Mander
    1928: William Willis Hill
    1929: C. W. Cowen
    1930: Leah Manning
    1931: Angus Roberts
    1932: A. E. Henshall
    1933: H. N. Penlington
    1934: H. Humphrey
    1935: J. W. H. Brown
    1936: D. Edwards
    1937: R. J. Patten
    1938: Elsie Vera Parker
    1939: George Chipperfield
    1940: George Chipperfield
    1941: George Chipperfield
    1942: W. Griffith
    1943: Ronald Gould
    1944: GCT Giles
    1945: Isabel Haswell
    1946: Ralph Morley
    1947: J. W. Lawton
    1948: William J. Rodda
    1949: Gwynne Rees
    1950: Sophie Christie Bertie
    1951: A. Granville Prior
    1952: C. A. Roberts
    1953: O. Barnett
    1954: F. J. Evans
    1955: Herbert J. Nursery
    1956: Edward Britton
    1957: John Archbold
    1958: E. S. Owen
    1959: A. F. Cooke
    1960: S. W. Exworthy
    1961: G. A. Chappell
    1962: John England
    1963: Harry Dawson
    1964: Muriel Stewart
    1965: Edward Homer
    1966: Oliver Whitfield
    1967: D. G. Gilbert
    1968: W. E. Davies
    1969: C. B. Johnson
    1970: C. W. Elliot
    1971: J. T. Jones
    1972: H. Allison
    1973: Max Morris
    1974: J. Caulfield
    1975: E. Clayton
    1976: A. Wilshire
    1977: J. Gray
    1978: D. G. Bonner
    1979: J. Murphy
    1980: P. Kennedy
    1981: J. Chambers
    1982: A. Budd
    1983: D. Winters
    1984: Peter Griffin
    1985: W. Green
    1986: R. Richardson
    1987: D. Morgan
    1988: M. Horne
    1989: June Fisher
    1990: Barbara Lloyd
    1991: Anne Moran
    1992: Pat Hawkes
    1993: Marian Darke
    1994: Steve Sinnott
    1995: J. Bills
    1996: Carole Regan
    1997: Christine Blower
    1998: Maureen Skevington
    1999: Judith Elderkin
    2000: Tony Brockman
    2001: John Illingworth
    2002: Kathryn Stallard
    2003: Lesley Auger
    2004: Mary Compton
    2005: Hilary Bills
    2006: Judy Moorhouse
    2007: Baljeet Ghale
    2008: Bill Greenshields
    2009: Martin Reed
    2010: Gill Goodswen
    2011: Nina Franklin
    2012: Marilyn Harrop
    2013: Beth Davies
    2014: Max Hyde
    2015: Philipa Harvey
    2016: Anne Swift

## Annual Conference

The NUT annual conference took place every spring. The timing always coincided with Easter weekend: starting on Good Friday and ending on Easter Tuesday and took place in various locations. The last NUT Conference was held in Cardiff in 2017. Following the NUT amalgamation with the Association of Teachers and Lecturers on 1 September 2017 there will be a National Education Union - NUT Section held in Brighton in 2018.

## Fred and Anne Jarvis Award

Named after former General Secretary Fred Jarvis and his late wife, the Fred and Anne Jarvis Award was established in 2007 and was presented annually by the NUT to individuals other than NUT members who campaigned tirelessly for all children and young people. For a list of winners of the Fred and Anne Jarvis Award see List of Fred and Anne Jarvis Award winners.