OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Luprisca

Luprisca incuba is an extinct species of ostracod crustacean. It was described as a new species in 2014, following discovery and analysis of fossilized specimens in mudstone rocks from New York, United States. A team of researchers from the universities of Yale and Kansas, Oxford and the Japan Agency of Marine Science and Technology made the discovery.

## Etymology

The genus and species name were named after Lucina, the goddess of childbirth in Roman mythology, and incuba, implying the mother was incubating her eggs.

## Description

With 1.2 to 2.5 millimetres (0.047 to 0.098 in) long carapace, it is suggested that the animal was intact with a shell along with the delicate parts of limbs and embryos within the shell. The fossil was preserved in pyrite and was examined using X-Ray and CT Scan techniques.

## Habitat and behavior

This species was discovered in the mudstone rocks from New York State, from a rock layer called the Lorraine Group. The discovery was said to be the earliest evidence for parental care in the fossils of ostracod. Although some reported this discovery as "oldest parenting of fossil record", however some Cambrian fossil records with brood care, like Waptia are known.
“The mother kept the eggs and the hatchlings in brooding pouches within her body until the young ones were big enough to go out on their own,” David Siveter, professor of geology at the University of Leicester in the UK who led the study, told The Telegraph India. A research paper by Siveter and his colleagues describing the ostracod fossils was published in the journal Current Biology.
# Walter Rutkowski

Walter A. Rutkowski (March 28, 1917 – August 8, 1975) was a member of the Ohio House of Representatives.
# Albert Sealy

Albert H. Sealy, Jr. (October 23, 1917 – August 3, 2008) was a member of the Ohio House of Representatives. Sealy graduated from Ohio State University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. He practiced law and was an adjutant professor of public policy at Ohio State University.
# Walter L. White

Walter Lemuel White (July 6, 1919 – November 10, 2007) was a former member of the Ohio Senate. He served from 1973 until 1979. His district was the 12th, which encompassed much of West-Central Ohio. Prior to his service in the Senate, White served three terms in the Ohio House, representing the 6th District, which at the time was composed of Allen County.
# Boeing Y1B-20

The Boeing Y1B-20 (Boeing 316) was designed as an improvement on the Boeing XB-15. It was slightly larger than its predecessor, and was intended to use much more powerful engines. It was presented to the Army in early 1938, and two orders were placed soon after. The order was reversed before construction began.
Despite their cancellation, the XB-15 and Y1B-20 laid the groundwork for the Boeing B-29 Superfortress.

## Specifications (as designed)

General characteristics
* Crew: 10
* Length: 109 ft 2 in (33.3 m)
* Wingspan: 157 ft 0 in (47.8 m)
* Height: 23 ft 4 in (7.1 m)
* Empty weight: 87,500 lb (39,700 kg)
* Gross weight: 91,500 lb (41,500 kg)
* Max takeoff weight: 105,100 lb (47,700 kg)
* Powerplant: 4 × Wright GR-2600-A73 geared radials, 1,350 hp (1,000 kW) each
Performance
* Maximum speed: 258 mph (415 km/h, 224 kn)
* Cruise speed: 242 mph (389 km/h, 210 kn)
* Range: 4,000 mi (6,400 km, 3,500 nmi)
* Power/mass: 0.059 hp/lb (97 W/kg)
Armament
* Guns:
** 3× .30 in (7.62 mm) machine guns
** 4× .50 in (12.7 mm) machine guns
* Bombs: 17,600 lb (6,620 kg)
# Robert Wilhelm (politician)

Robert L. Wilhelm (1925–1991) was a Republican politician who served in the Ohio General Assembly. A former employee of both Kroger and the United Telephone Company, Wilhelm initially ran to represent Van Wert County in the Ohio House of Representatives in 1964, and won a seat. When the Voting Rights Act of 1965 initiated legislative districts in 1966, Wilhelm won reelected to represent the newly drawn Second District. He ran unopposed for a third term in 1968, and won a fourth term in 1970.
In 1972, redistricting put Wilhelm in the same district as Representative Fred Hadley. With neither of them wanting to move or retire, they went on to face each other in the primary election for the Republican nomination. In the end, Hadley defeated Wilhelm, successfully ending his time in the legislature.
Following his defeat, Wilhelm served in the private sector, and publicly as a member of the Ohio state lottery commission. He died in 1991.
# Paul P. Yoder

Paul Price Yoder (June 25, 1897 – September 1, 1965) was an American politician who served as the 46th lieutenant governor of Ohio from 1937 to 1939. He died of cancer in a North Carolina veterans' hospital in 1965.
# Boeing Model 853-21 Quiet Bird

The Boeing Model 853-21 Quiet Bird was a US Army reconnaissance plane study developed by Boeing in the early 1960s from their Model 831. It was an early example of stealth technology, especially electromagnetic low-observability.

## Design and development

Development of the Model 853-21 began in 1962 at Boeing Wichita, only a 1/2 scale prototype was produced which never flew, but tests showed that it had a very low radar cross-section (stealth aircraft).

## Specifications

Data from Boeing
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Length: 33 ft 0 in (10.06 m)
* Wingspan: 33 ft 7.8 in (10.26 m)
* Height: 7.7 ft (2.3 m)
* Wing area: 179.5 sq ft (16.67 m$^2$)
* Airfoil: 65A415
* Empty weight: 6,000 lb (2,721 kg)
* Gross weight: 8,150 lb (3,696 kg)
* Powerplant: 1 × General Electric CF700 , 4,200 lbf (19 kN) thrust
Performance
* Stall speed: 80 kn (92 mph, 150 km/h)
* Range: 1,160 nmi (1,330 mi, 2,150 km)
* Service ceiling: 47,000 ft (14,000 m)
* Rate of climb: 3,050 ft/min (15.5 m/s)
* Wing loading: 45.4 lb/sq ft (221 kg/m$^2$)
* Thrust/weight: 0.52
# Boeing XP-8

The Boeing XP-8 (Boeing Model 66) was a prototype American biplane fighter of the 1920s, notable for its unusual design incorporating the engine radiator into the lower wing.

## Design and development

Boeing developed the prototype in 1926 as a private venture, with the goal of winning the Army Air Corps competition announced in 1925. Designated by Boeing as its Model 66, the airframe was basically a PW-9 with an experimental 600 hp Packard 2A-1500 engine. In order to streamline around the engine, the radiator was moved back so that the opening coincided with the front edge of the lower wing, resulting in an unusually narrow profile around the engine.

## Testing

Army testing of the aircraft began in January 1928, and it handled well, but performance was lacking, achieving only a maximum speed of 173.2 mph. Even so, the prototype continued in Air Corps service until June 1929, after which it was scrapped. The airframe design lived on in the Navy's Boeing F2B.

## Operators
### United States

* United States Army Air Corps

## Specifications (XP-8)

Data from Fighters of the United States Air Force
General characteristics
* Crew: One
* Length: 23 ft 5 in (7.14 m)
* Wingspan: 30 ft 1 in (9.17 m)
* Height: 9 ft 0 in (2.74 m)
* Wing area: 260 sq ft (24.15 m$^2$)
* Empty weight: 2,390 lb (1,084 kg)
* Max takeoff weight: 3,421 lb (1,552 kg)
* Powerplant: 1 × Packard 2A-1500 liquid-cooled piston engine, 600 hp (448 kW)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 153 kn (176 mph, 283 km/h) at 6,000 ft (1,830 m)
* Cruise speed: 129 kn (148 mph, 238 km/h)
* Range: 283 nmi (325 mi, 523 km)
* Service ceiling: 20,950 ft (6,386 m)
* Rate of climb: 1,750 ft/min (8.89 m/s)
Armament
* Guns: one 0.3 in and one 0.5 in machine guns
# Jeton de vermeil

The Jeton de vermeil is an award recognising scholarly achievement in numismatics. It is awarded by the Société française de numismatique annually to a foreign (non-French) numismatic scholar, and every three years to the outgoing president of the society. It was formerly known as the Médaille de vermeil. It is a widely recognised award for numismatics.
The medal was created in 1932-36 by Lucien Bazor, engraver at the Paris Mint, thanks to a bequest to the Society from Pierre Babut (who was President of the Society, 1907-1908 and 1912–1913).

## Recipients of the Médaille de vermeil

* 1934 - G.F. Hill
* 1935 - V. Tourneur
* 1936 - E.T. Newell
* 1939 - H. Mattingly

## Recipients of the Jeton de vermeil

* 1969 - K. Castelin
* 1971 - R.A.G. Carson
* 1972 - P. Balog
* 1973 - H.A. Cahn
* 1974 - P. Bruun
* 1976 - R. Kiersnowski
* 1977 - L. Villaronga
* 1978 - M.R. Alfoeldi
* 1979 - M.D. Metcalf
* 1980 - T. Hackens
* 1981 - G. Belloni
* 1982 - S. Suchodolski
* 1983 - S. Scheers
* 1984 - M. Crawford
* 1985 - R. Weiller
* 1986 -
* 1987 - G. Gorini, E.A. Arslan
* 1988 - M. Archibald
* 1989 - A. Kunisz
* 1990 -
* 1991 - M. Blackburn
* 1992 - G. Demski
* 1993 - H.U. Geiger
* 1994 - A. Johnston
* 1995 - N. Mayhew
* 1996 - A. Geiser
* 1997 - A. Pol
* 1998 - P.P. Ripollès
* 1999 - L. Travaini
* 2000 - S. Gjongecaj
* 2001 - W. Hahn
* 2002 - Y. Touratsoglou
* 2003 - M. Crusafont i Sabater
* 2004 - A. Burnett
* 2005 - U. Klein
* 2006 - F. de Callataÿ
* 2007 - A. Saccoci
* 2008 - W. Metcalf
* 2009 - Benedikt Zäch (Winterthur coin cabinet)
* 2010 - M. Alram
* 2011 - E. Oberländer
* 2012 - R. Bland
* 2013 - A. Rovelli
* 2014 - C. Arnold-Biucchi
* 2015 - P. Ilisch
* 2016 - J. van Heesch
* 2017 - J. Chr. Moesgaard
* 2018 - K. Butcher
* 2019 - Helen Wang (British Museum)
* 2020 - M. Michele Asolati
* 2021 - B. Woytek (Österreichisches Archäologisches Institut)
* 2022 - Christof Boehringer
* 2023 - Abdelhamid Fenina
* 2024 - Suzanne Frey-Kupper
# Jingmen–Jingzhou high-speed railway

The Jingmen–Jingzhou high-speed railway is a high-speed railway line in Hubei, China. The railway is 77.6 kilometres (48.2 mi) long and have a design speed of 350 kilometres per hour (220 mph). The railway opened on 8 December 2024.

## Route

The railway runs from north to south, approximately parallel to the existing freight-only Jingmen–Shashi railway. The northern terminus is Jingmen West, the southern terminus is Jingzhou, and there is one intermediate station, Shayang West.

### Stations

| Station Name | Chinese |
| Jingmen West | 荆门西 |
| Shayang West | 沙洋西 |
| Jingzhou | 荆州 |
# Rugby shorts

Rugby shorts are a type of shorts that are worn while playing rugby. They are designed to take the strains of the game and have traditionally been made from cotton, in 1971 Polyester shorts were worn by international rugby teams such as Wales.

## Features

Shorts should be comfortable, as tight shorts increase the chances of sustaining a serious injury. The longer and baggier shorts are, the easier it will be for opponents to pull an opponent back. The colour and style of shorts are determined by the players club.

## Purpose

Rugby shorts must be able to withstand punishment and should be thick enough to provide some protection while playing. Most have pockets and many have a drawstring to prevent them coming down when tackled. While the most popular material has been cotton, modern shorts can also be made from higher grade polyester with reinforced seams. The use of these shorts is increasing as they are lighter, more durable, more comfortable, and better retain their color compared to traditional cotton shorts.

### Variations

Tag rugby shorts are generally lighter due to the non-contact nature of the sport and have tags attached with velcro patches.

## IRB Regulations

Law 4 of the International Rugby Board (IRB) Laws of the Game of Rugby Union 2010 relates to the clothing that a player may wear while playing rugby union. In particular:
* Law 4.4 (c) states that:
"A player must not wear any items containing buckles, clips, rings, hinges, zippers, screws, bolts or rigid material or projection."
* Law 4.4 (f) states that:
"A player must not wear shorts with padding sewn into them".

## Underwear

The use of hard plastic padding of any kind, including abdominal guards (box), is forbidden in most leagues. However, unpadded jock straps can be used to provide support and prevent groin injuries. In the United States, the high-padding of American football has influenced some junior leagues to allow, or in some cases require, abdominal guards and jock straps.

## Manufacturers

Canterbury of New Zealand is the most popular producer of rugby kit. Kooga is a very popular supplier, particularly to rugby league teams. Paladin Sports is also a very popular manufacturer for both Union & League, as is Triple Play from Australia.
# Ladislav Skula

Ladislav "Ladja" Skula (born June 30, 1937) is a Czech mathematician. His work spans across topology, algebraic number theory, and the theory of ordered sets. He has published over 80 papers and notable results on the Fermat quotient.
He obtained his Dr.Sc. degree from Charles University in Prague with a thesis on "obor Algebra a teorie čísel" (On Algebra and Number Theory). In 1991, he was appointed professor at the Masaryk University in Brno, where he is now emeritus professor.

## Selected publications

* Agoh, Takashi; Dilcher, Karl; Skula, Ladislav (1997). "Fermat quotients for composite moduli". Journal of Number Theory. 66: 29–50. doi:10.1006/jnth.1997.2162.
* Agoh, Takashi; Dilcher, Karl; Skula, Ladislav (1998). "Wilson quotients for composite moduli". Mathematics of Computation. 67 (222). AMS: 843–861. Bibcode:1998MaCom..67..843A. doi:10.1090/S0025-5718-98-00951-X.
* Kureš, Miroslav; Skula, Ladislav (2011). "Reduction of matrices over orders of imaginary quadratic field". Linear Algebra and Its Applications. 435 (6). AMS: 1903–1919. doi:10.1016/j.laa.2011.03.037.
* Agoh, Takashi; Skula, Ladislav (1996). "Kummer type congruences and Stickelberger subideals" (PDF). Acta Arithmetica. 75 (3). Institute of Mathematics Polish Academy of Sciences: 235–250. doi:10.4064/aa-75-3-235-250. Retrieved November 7, 2014.
* Skula, Ladislav (1996). "On a special ideal contained in the Stickelberger ideal". Journal of Number Theory. 8: 173–195. doi:10.1006/jnth.1996.0073.
* Skula, Ladislav (1998). "Involutions for matrices and generalized inverses". Linear Algebra and Its Applications. 271 (1–3): 283–308. doi:10.1016/S0024-3795(97)00280-2.
# Jo Ann Davidson

Jo Ann Davidson (September 28, 1927 – October 25, 2024) was an American politician of the Republican Party. A member of the Ohio House of Representatives from 1981 to 2000, she was Speaker of the Ohio House of Representatives from 1995–2000. She also served as the national committeewoman for Republican Party for Ohio.
Davidson was appointed to the Ohio Casino Control Commission by Governor John R. Kasich on February 23, 2011. Her term of office ended on February 21, 2018.
Davidson was first elected to the Ohio House of Representatives in 1981. Her legislative district consisted of a portion of Franklin County, Ohio. In 1995, she became the first woman elected as Speaker. She was succeeded by Larry L. Flowers in 2001 and became interim director of the Ohio Department of Job and Family Services that year.
In 2016, the Capitol Theatre in the Vern Riffe State Office Tower in Columbus, Ohio was renamed in her honor.
Davidson died on October 25, 2024, at the age of 97.
# Michael Del Bane

Michael Del Bane (February 24, 1918 – November 8, 1984) was a Democratic member of the Ohio House of Representatives and chairman of the Public Utilities Commission. Del Bane was awarded the Phillips Medal of Public Service in 1980. He died of cancer at the age of 66.
# James Flannery (Ohio politician)

James J. Flannery (October 31, 1938 – March 4, 2005) was a member of the Ohio House of Representatives.
# Fred Hadley

Fred B. Hadley (July 2, 1911 – August 2, 1988) was a member of the Ohio House of Representatives, serving from 1967 to 1978. A longtime legislator, Hadley was often involved in legislation regarding education, technology advancement, and labor issues. His district consisted of the direct Northwestern Corner of Ohio.
# William J. Healy

William James "Bill" Healy (March 4, 1939 – October 21, 2001) was a member of the Ohio House of Representatives from 1975–2000. His district consisted of a portion of Canton, Ohio. He was succeeded by fellow Democrat Mary Cirelli.
# Joseph Hiestand

Joseph Franklin Hiestand (November 26, 1906 – October 5, 2004) was an American politician who served as a member of the Ohio House of Representatives.
# Anice Johnson

Anice Wismer Johnson (February 22, 1919 – January 22, 1992) is a former member of the Ohio Senate. She represented the 18th District, which encompassed much of Northeastern Ohio. She served from 1973 to 1975. Prior to this, she was a member of the Ohio House of Representatives.
# Ralph B. Kohnen

Ralph B. Kohnen, Jr. (October 22, 1935 – January 31, 2008) was a former member of the Ohio House of Representatives.
# Keith Lawrence (politician)

Francis Keith Lawrence (April 4, 1891 – November 22, 1978) was a Democratic politician from Cleveland, Ohio, United States who served in the Ohio House of Representatives, and in the Ohio State Senate, including two years as President of the Senate.

## Biography

Keith Lawrence was born in Cleveland, the son of James Lawrence and Jennie Gardner Porter Lawrence. His father was previously Ohio Attorney General, and his grandfather, William Lawrence had served in Congress. His twin sister, Margaret R. Lawrence was assistant prosecuting attorney of Cuyahoga County, Ohio. Keith Lawrence attended public schools in Cleveland, and graduated AB from Hobart College in 1913. He received a LL.B. from Western Reserve University Franklin Thomas Backus School of Law in 1916.
During World War I, Lawrence served as an ensign in the United States Naval Reserve Force. He practiced as a member of Schafer & Lawrence, downtown Cleveland. He was elected as a Cuyahoga County Representative in 1930 to the Ohio House of Representatives for the 89th General Assembly, 1931–1932. Re-elected in 1932, he served as speaker pro-tem in the 90th General Assembly. In 1934 and 1936 he was elected to the Ohio State Senate for the 91st and 92nd General Assemblies, serving as president in the 92nd, 1937–1938. He also served in the state convention of 1933 which ratified the repeal of the Eighteenth Amendment to the Federal Constitution.
Keith Lawrence married Elizabeth Graham Scott of Cleveland September 25, 1920, and they had two daughters. He was a member of the Calvary Presbyterian Church, American Legion, Veterans of Foreign Wars, B.P.O.E., and Ohio State Bar Association.
He died November 22, 1978, at Mayfield Heights, Ohio.
# Larry Manahan

William Lawrence "Larry" Manahan (September 27, 1928 – March 30, 2002) was a former member of the Ohio House of Representatives, serving from 1977 to 1992. He represented the 79th District, which encompassed the North-Westernmost area of Ohio. A fiscal and social conservative, he often voted against subsidies and tax increases. However, he was in favor of green energy solutions decades before they were popular. In 1992, Manahan opted to not run for reelection.
# Frank Mills (politician)

Frank Mills (March 20, 1904 – November 11, 1969) was a former member of the Ohio House of Representatives. He died while in office in 1969.
# Texas Hold'em Bonus Poker

Texas Hold'em Bonus Poker is a casino table game, owned and licensed by Mikohn Gaming/Progressive Gaming International Corporation. The game is based on traditional multi-player Texas Hold'em poker, but differs in that there is no bet after the river card.

## Rules

* The game is played with a standard 52 card deck.
* Each player makes an ante bet and may make an optional separate bonus bet.
* The player and dealer are both dealt two cards (face down).
* After checking his/her cards, the player may fold and forfeit the ante bet or play by betting double the ante.
* Three community cards are then dealt face up to the board (the flop).
* The player may decide to check or bet the amount of the ante.
* Another card is dealt to the board (the turn).
* The player may decide to check or make a final bet of the amount of the ante.
* One last card is dealt to the board (the river).
* The player and dealer make their best five card poker hand from their own two cards and the five board cards.
* If the dealer's hand beats the player's, the player loses all bets (except the bonus bet, which is explained below).
* If the dealer's hand ties the player's, dealer wins.
* If the player's hand beats the dealer's, the player wins even money on the flop, turn and river bets. The player wins even money on the ante bet only if his hand is a straight or better, otherwise the ante bet pushes.
* The bonus bet is based solely on the player's starting hand, regardless of whether the player beats or loses to the dealer. If the player has a pair, A-K, A-Q, or A-J, the player wins according to the pay table, otherwise the bonus bet is lost.
In Atlantic City, New Jersey, there is a variation on the rules above. The player only wins even money on the ante bet if his best hand is a flush or better. This rule also applies in the Star City Casino, Sydney, Australia, and the Seminole Hard Rock Hotel and Casino in Tampa, FL.

## Strategy

The optimal strategy for the flop bet, assuming optimal play thereafter, is to call all hands except for 2-3 offsuit, 2-4 offsuit, 2-5 offsuit, 2-6 offsuit and 2-7 offsuit. However, said optimal strategy is extremely complicated because of the large number and variety of possible card combinations. No concise optimal strategy, or even a simplified version thereof, has been published.
# Francine Panehal

Francine Mary Panehal (October 10, 1925 – March 1, 2002) was a member of the Ohio House of Representatives. She served as state house majority whip from 1979 until 1981.