OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Adamsdown (electoral ward)

Adamsdown is an electoral ward in the south of Cardiff, capital city of Wales. It covers the community of Adamsdown. It was originally one of the ten wards created in 1890 for elections to Cardiff County Borough Council. Since 1996 it has been a ward to the current Cardiff Council unitary authority.

## Description

The Adamsdown ward is divided from the city centre by the (previously Taff Vale) railway line and Queen Street station. Its longest south eastern border is defined by the mainline railway and its northern border by Newport Road (the A461). To the north are the Plasnewydd and Penylan wards, to the south is Butetown and to the southeast is Splott. The ward encompasses Cardiff Prison and the Cardiff Royal Infirmary.
According to the 2011 UK Census, the population of the ward was 10,371, with 8,548 of voting age. by the time of the 2021 UK Census, the population has grown to 11,609.

## City and County of Cardiff Council

The Adamsdown ward elected two councillors to Cardiff Council since 1995. It has been represented by the Labour Party and the Liberal Democrats.
Representation 1995 – date :
| Election | Labour | Lib Dem |
| 2022 | 2 | - |
| 2017 | 1 | 1 |
| 2012 | 1 | 1 |
| 2008 | - | 2 |
| 2004 | - | 2 |
| 1999 | - | 2 |
| 1995 | 2 | - |

## Cardiff County Borough Council

In July 1890, following the creation of Cardiff County Borough Council, Adamsdown was one of the ten new electoral wards created in the county borough. The ward stretched south as far as the coast, bordered to the west by the Bute West Dock and the South ward. Each of the three councillors took turns to stand for re-election, on a three-yearly cycle.
In the November 1890 election Edward Thomas successfully defended his seat, for the Liberal Party, with 70% of the vote. He was then dragged by enthusiastic supporters, in a carriage to the nearby Reform Club.
# Defense Business Board

The Defense Business Board in the United states was established in 2001 as a complement to broader transformation efforts in the Department of Defense to move from an overly burdensome bureaucracy to a more streamlined, effective organization. The board consists of approximately twenty private sector executives with experience in business management. The purpose of the board is to provide independent advice, which reflects an outside private sector perspective, on best business practices for application to the department. The board’s objective is to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of organizational support to the nation's warfighters.
The board operates under the provisions of the Federal Advisory Committee Act of 1972, as amended, and follows a secretary of defense approved charter available at the DoD Defense Business Board website.
The board members, to include the board’s chairperson, are appointed annually by the United States secretary of defense and do not receive any payments for their services. The chairs of the Defense Policy Board and the Defense Science Board serve as non-voting ex officio members of the board. The director of the Office of Management and Budget and the comptroller general of the General Accounting Office serve as non-voting observers of the board.
In October 2014, Deputy Secretary Robert O. Work instructed the board to hire consultants from McKinsey & Company to identify wasteful spending. McKinsey discovered DoD was spending $134 billion, 23% of its total budget, on back-office work, and that the back-office bureaucracy staff of over one million people was nearly as great as the number of active duty troops. On January 22, 2015, the board then voted to adopt a McKinsey plan to cut $125 billion in waste over five years.
After Secretary Chuck Hagel was replaced by Ash Carter the next month, however, Deputy Secretary Work expressed he was concerned that the gain from any savings achieved would then be removed from the defense budget by Congress. Under Secretary Frank Kendall III argued that he could not achieve any efficiencies and, instead, that he needed to hire 1,000 more staff. Secretary Carter then replaced the board chairman, classified the McKinsey results as secret, and removed the report from public websites.
In 2016 the DBB provided the model for the Defense Innovation Advisory Board which was established by Defense Secretary Carter during the 2016 during RSA cyber security conference in San Francisco.
In December 2020, the outgoing Trump administration replaced the majority of the board with new appointees, including Trump allies Corey Lewandowski and David Bossie, as well as future Congressman Cory Mills.
In February 2021, President Joe Biden ordered Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin to suspend all members of the Pentagon's advisory boards, including the DBB, and request all Trump appointees step down, permanently.
# José Javier Arqués

José Javier Arqués Ferrer (born 16 May 1960) is a retired Spanish athlete who competed in sprinting events. He represented his country at three consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1984, as well as one outdoor and one indoor World Championships. In addition, he won six back-to-back 100 metres national titles from 1984 to 1989.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Spain ||||||
| 1979 | European Junior Championships | Bydgoszcz, Poland | 14th (sf) | 100 m | 10.98 |
| 1979 | Mediterranean Games | Split, Yugoslavia | 5th (h) | 100 m | 10.74 |
| 1979 | Mediterranean Games | Split, Yugoslavia | 5th | 4×100 m relay | 41.33 |
| 1982 | European Indoor Championships | Milan, Italy | 6th | 60 m | 6.71 |
| 1984 | European Indoor Championships | Gothenburg, Sweden | 5th | 60 m | 6.72 |
| 1984 | Olympic Games | Los Angeles, United States | 18th (qf) | 100 m | 10.52 |
| 1985 | European Indoor Championships | Piraeus, Greece | 10th (h) | 60 m | 6.73$^1$ |
| 1986 | European Indoor Championships | Madrid, Spain | 6th | 60 m | 6.70 |
| 1986 | European Championships | Stuttgart, West Germany | 16th (sf) | 100 m | 10.54 |
| 1986 | Ibero-American Championships | Havana, Cuba | 3rd | 4×100 m relay | 40.15 |
| 1987 | European Indoor Championships | Liévin, France | 8th (sf) | 60 m | 6.64 |
| 1987 | World Indoor Championships | Indianapolis, United States | 17th (h) | 60 m | 6.75 |
| 1987 | World Championships | Rome, Italy | 21st (qf) | 100 m | 10.46 |
| 1987 | World Championships | Rome, Italy | 12th (sf) | 4×100 m relay | 39.74 |
| 1988 | European Indoor Championships | Budapest, Hungary | 11th (sf) | 60 m | 6.70 |
| 1988 | Ibero-American Championships | Mexico City, Mexico | 4th | 100 m | 10.27 |
| 1988 | Ibero-American Championships | Mexico City, Mexico | 2nd | 4×100 m relay | 39.36 |
| 1988 | Olympic Games | Seoul, South Korea | 28th (qf) | 100 m | 10.43 |
| 1988 | Olympic Games | Seoul, South Korea | – | 4×100 m relay | DNF |
| 1989 | European Indoor Championships | The Hague, Netherlands | 12th (sf) | 60 m | 6.73 |
| 1989 | World Cup | Barcelona, Spain | 7th | 100 m | 10.48 |
| 1989 | World Cup | Barcelona, Spain | 9th | 4×100 m relay | 39.69 |
| 1990 | European Indoor Championships | Glasgow, United Kingdom | 5th (sf) | 60 m | 6.66 |
| 1990 | European Championships | Split, Yugoslavia | 6th | 4×100 m relay | 39.10 |
| 1992 | Ibero-American Championships | Seville, Spain | 2nd | 4×100 m relay | 39.44 |
| 1992 | Olympic Games | Barcelona, Spain | 11th (sf) | 4×100 m relay | 39.62 |
$^1$Did not finish in the semifinals

## Personal bests

Outdoor
* 100 metres – 10.21 (+1.8 m/s, Madrid 1986)
* 200 metres – 21.01 (-0.9 m/s, Manresa 1985)
Indoor
* 60 metres – 6.60 (Madrid 1986)
# Peter Dollond

Peter Dollond (2 February 1731 – 2 July 1820) was an English inventor of optical instruments. He was the son of optician John Dollond. He is known for his successful optics business, and for the invention of the apochromat.

## Biography

Dollond was born in Kensington. Working together with his father and subsequently with his younger brother and nephew (George Dollond) he successfully designed and manufactured a number of optical instruments. He is particularly credited with the invention of the triple achromatic lens - i.e., apochromatic lens - in 1763, still in wide use today, though known as the Cooke triplet after a much later 1893 patent.
Peter Dollond worked at first silk weaving with his father, but his father's passion for optics inspired him so much that in 1750 Peter quit the silk business and opened an optical instruments shop in Kennington, London. After two years, his father gave up silk, too, and joined him.
Dollond telescopes, for sidereal or terrestrial use, were amongst the most popular in both Great Britain and abroad for a period of over one and half centuries. Admiral Lord Nelson himself owned one. Another had sailed with Captain Cook in 1769 to observe the Transit of Venus. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1772.
The Peter Dollond compound chest microscope is based on improvements to the Cuff-style microscope introduced by British scientific instrument designers Edward Nairne and Thomas Blunt around 1780. Another design was for the Peter Dollond compound monocular Eriometer around 1790 used to accurately measure the thickness and size of wool fibres.
After successfully defending a legal challenge to the patent he held for the achromatic lens the business prospered and he successfully sued his rivals for patent infringement. Dollond's reputation, especially with his father being a Fellow of the Royal Society as a result of his development and patenting of the achromat, provided the company with the de facto right of refusal on the best optical flint glass. This privilege permitted Dollond to maintain an edge in quality over competitor's telescopes and optical instruments for many years.
Notable customers also included:
* Leopold Mozart
* Frederick the Great
* Thomas Jefferson
* James Lind
Dollond & Co merged with Aitchison & Co in 1927 to form Dollond & Aitchison, the well-known British high street chain of opticians.
Peter Dollond's wife was Ann Phillips and they had two daughters, Louise and Anne.
# Richard Burdge

Richard J. Burdge (December 28, 1833 –8 May 1916) was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly and the Wisconsin State Senate.

## Background

Burdge was born on December 28, 1833, in Axbridge, England. Later, he resided in Beloit, Wisconsin.

## Political career

Burdge was a member of the Assembly during the 1879 and 1880 sessions. Later, he was a member of the Senate during the 1891 and 1893 sessions, representing the 17th District. Other positions Burdge held include member of the School Board and Mayor of Beloit. He was a Republican.
# Günter Krivec

Günter Krivec (born 28 July 1942) is a German athlete. He competed in the men's triple jump at the 1964 Summer Olympics.
# James Paull (West Virginia politician)

James Paull Jr. (May 3, 1901 – March 8, 1983) was a lawyer and Democratic politician who served as for twelve years in the West Virginia Senate representing Brooke County, the final two (1943 to 1945) as president of that body.

## Early and family life

He was born in Wellsburg, West Virginia on May 3, 1901, one of two children of James Paull and Mariana Jacob Paull of Wellsburg. His father was an important and successful business man, and his grandfather, Judge James Paull (1818–1875), had been a respected lawyer and politician in the Ohio River valley who served as a West Virginia Supreme Court justice.
Paull graduated from Washington & Jefferson College, then Yale Law School. On September 5, 1934, he married Helen Catherine Prugh of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and they had four children: James III, Laura, Helen and Robert.

## Career

After admission to the West Virginia bar, Paull practiced law in nearby Wheeling, West Virginia. In 1932, during the Great Depression, he won election to the West Virginia Senate, and was re-elected to that part-time position several times, representing the 1st state senatorial district until the end of World War II. During his final two years, fellow state senators elected him as their president.
In 1951, Paull joined Eagle Manufacturing Company, which his father had founded in Wellsburg in 1894, and became its president. He was a prominent and well-respected member of the community, active in civic organizations including the Freemasons, Lions and Beta Theta Pi, and held leadership positions in West Virginia business and political organizations.

## Death and legacy

James Paull died in 1983, survived by his four children, and eight grandchildren. He was buried at the family grave site in Wellsburg.
# Château de Reichenstein, Riquewihr

Château de Reichenstein (Reichenstein Castle) is a ruined castle in the commune of Riquewihr, in the department of Haut-Rhin, Alsace, France. It has been a listed historical monument since 1990.
The ruin lies in the valley of the Sambach (a local brook). The ruin is near to Château de Bilstein, another castle ruin.

## History

The castle was built for the knights of Reichenstein somewhere before 1255 (when it was first mentioned). The knights of Reichenstein were a family of robber barons (Chevaliers Voleurs in French, it is argued that they were also known as Rheinstein in Germany). This castle was ruined in 1265 by the militia's of Strasbourg and Colmar on the orders of Rudolf of Habsburg, as a reprisal, supposedly because the Reichensteins interfered with the local trade. The castle was never rebuilt.
Because of their activities a similar fate befell some of their other properties, after the creation of the Hanseatic League.

## Alternate name

Because the tower is the most prominent part of the ruin, which is near Riquewihr, the castle is sometimes called "La Tour de Riquewihr" and marked on maps as such.

## Similar castles

* The castle is not to be confused with the eponymous castle in Kientzheim.
* Reichenstein Castle in Arlesheim, Switzerland.
* Reichenstein Castle in Trechtingshausen, Germany, also raised on the orders of Rudolf of Habsburg.
* Reichenstein Castle in Neckargemünd, Germany.
The family known as the Reich von Reichenstein also held Château de Landskron in France and Inzlingen Castle (also known as Schloss Reichenstein) in Germany.
# Ben Wharton

Ben Wharton is an English semi-professional footballer. He plays as striker.

## Early career and Football League appearance

He started out at Stockport County's youth academy and came through the ranks. After he was released at the age of 16 by Stockport he signed a YTS for Rochdale. He came off the bench against Accrington Stanley, in the 90th minute, to make his debut. Wharton didn't play another minute for the club that season and was released at the end of the 2007-08 season. He joined West Didsbury and Chorlton AFC for 2024/25.

## Non-league football career
### Mossley

He then made two appearances for Mossley, both as substitute.

### Northwich Victoria

He was signed by Northwich Victoria in October 2008.

### Buxton

A move to Buxton followed in November 2008.

### Atherton Collieries

Between September 2008 and February 2009, Ben represented Atherton Collieries, scoring 3 goals in 16 appearances.

### Radcliffe Borough

He joined Radcliffe Borough in March 2009, but left in 2013.

### Warrington Town

His next club was Warrington Town. His time at the club included being part of the FA Cup victory against Exeter City in November 2014. He left the club in January 2016.

### Ashton United

In January 2016 he moved to Ashton United.

### Colne

His next move was to Colne

### Bamber Bridge

His next move was to Bamber Bridge

### Brighouse Town

His next move was to Brighouse Town. He left the club in January 2017.

### Droylsden

His next move in July 2017 took him to Droylsden.

### Curzon Ashton

In August 2017 he moved to Curzon Ashton.

### Radcliffe

He returned to his former club in 2018, remaining for two seasons. In his two spells with the club he made 263 appearances scoring 87 goals.

### Runcorn Linnets

Wharton joined Runcorn Linnets in January 2020

### Stalybridge Celtic

In December 2020 he signed for Stalybridge Celtic but never appeared for the club.

### Widnes

In July 2021 he signed for Widnes.

### Bury AFC

In September he moved to Bury AFC. He was awarded the North West Counties Football League First Division player of the month award for October. On 27 March 2022, Wharton scored the second goal for Bury AFC in a 4–0 victory over St Helens Town that saw Bury AFC crowned champions of the NWCFL Division 1 North.
During the 22/23 season Wharton scored 10 goals in 47 appearances for Bury AFC.

### Avro

In September 2023 he signed for Avro FC

## Style of play

A lower league write up in 'When Saturday Comes' likened Wharton's appearance and playing style to Iain Dowie.

## Honours

Bury AFC
* NWCFL Division One North: 2021–22
# Parabathynellidae

Parabathynellidae is a family of crustaceans belonging to the order Bathynellacea. These creatures are characterized by their slender bodies, reduced eyes, and elongated antennae. They are typically less than 1 mm in length, making them difficult to observe without the aid of a microscope. Parabathynellidae are found in freshwater habitats around the world, including streams, springs, caves, and aquifers.
Studies have shown that Parabathynellidae play an important role in freshwater ecosystems as they are key decomposers, consuming leaf litter and other organic matter that falls into the water. This consumption of organic matter contributes to the cycling of nutrients in the ecosystem, making Parabathynellidae an important link in the food chain.

## Genera

Genera:
* Acanthobathynella Coineau, 1967
* Afrobathynella Schminke, 1976
* Allobathynella Morimoto & Miura, 1957
* Arisubathynella Park & Eun, 2012
* Arkaroolabathynella Abrams & King, 2013
* Atopobathynella Schminke, 1973
* Batubathynella Schminke, 1973
* Billibathynella Cho, 2005
* Brasilibathynella Jakobi, 1958
* Brevisomabathynella Cho, Park & Ranga Reddy, 2006
* Califobathynella Cho, 1997
* Californibathynella Camacho & Serban, 1998
* Chilibathynella Noodt, 1963
* Cteniobathynella Schminke, 1973
* Ctenophallonella Coineau & Serban, 1978
* Eobathynella Birstein & Ljovuschkin, 1964
* Guadalopebathynella Camacho & Serban, 1998
* Habrobathynella Schminke, 1973
* Hangangbathynella Park & Cho, 2013
* Haplophallonella Serban & Coineau, 1975
* Heterodontobathynella Schminke, 1973
* Hexabathynella Schminke, 1972
* Hexaiberobathynella Camacho & Serban, 1998
* Iberobathynella Schminke, 1973
* Ipojucabathynella Schminke, 2011
* Issykkulibathynella Serban, 1994
* Kampucheabathynella Cho, Kry & Chhenh, 2015
* Kimberleybathynella Cho, Park & Humphreys, 2005
* Lamtobathynella Serban & Coineau, 1987
* Leptobathynella Noodt, 1965
* Lockyerenella Little & Camacho, 2017
* Megabathynella Camacho & Abrams, 2024
* Mekongbathynella Nam & Cho, 2014
* Montanabathynella Camacho, Newell & Stanford, 2009
* Nilobathynella Dumont, 1984
* Nipponbathynella Schminke, 1973
* Noodtibathynella Schminke, 1973
* Notobathynella Schminke, 1973
* Nunubathynella Schminke, 1976
* Octobathynella Camacho & Hancock, 2010
* Odontobathynella Delamare Deboutteville & Serban, 1979
* Onychobathynella Camacho & Hancock, 2012
* Parabathynella Chappuis, 1926
* Paraeobathynella Camacho, 2005
* Paraiberobathynella Camacho & Serban, 1998
* Parvulobathynella Schminke, 1973
* Psalidobathynella Schminke, 1979
* Racovitzaibathynella Serban & Coineau, 1994
* Sabahbathynella Schminke, 1988
* Siambathynella Camacho, Brancelj & Watyroiram, 2011
* Sinobathynella Camacho, Trontelj & Zagmajster, 2006
* Sketinella Camacho, 2005
* Texanobathynella Delamare Deboutteville, Coineau & Serban, 1975
* Thermobathynella Capart, 1951
# Francis M. Rotch

Francis Morgan Rotch (February 20, 1822 in New Bedford, Bristol County, Massachusetts – November 28, 1863 in Morris, Otsego County, New York) was an American politician from New York.

## Life

He was the son of Francis Rotch (1788–1874) and Ann Wain (Morgan) Rotch (1800–1884). In 1831, the family removed to Morris. He graduated from Harvard College in 1841. From 1843 to 1846, he traveled around Europe. Afterwards, he engaged in agricultural pursuits. He was a member of the New York State Senate (20th D.) in 1860 and 1861.
On February 12, 1862, he was appointed by Gov. Edwin D. Morgan as one of his aides-de-camp with the rank of colonel. On May 6, 1862, Rotch married Catherine W. Gilbert, and their only child was Francis Rotch (1863–1918). While on official business with the New York regiments of the Army of the Potomac, he contracted a fever in the swamps near Yorktown, Virginia. After lingering on for a few months, he died suddenly at his home and was buried at the Hillington Cemetery in Morris.
His great-granduncle Francis Rotch owned the vessel Dartmouth one of three from which the tea was thrown overboard during the Boston Tea Party in 1773.

## Sources

* The New York Civil List compiled by Franklin Benjamin Hough, Stephen C. Hutchins and Edgar Albert Werner (1867; pg. 442)
* Biographical Sketches of the State Officers and Members of the Legislature of the State of New York by William D. Murphy (1861; pg. 111ff)
* The Rotches by John Morgan Bullard
* Death of Col. Francis M. Rotch in NYT on December 5, 1863
# José María Alfaro Zamora

José María Alfaro Zamora (March 20, 1799 – June 12, 1856) was the Costa Rican Head of State between the periods of 1842 and 1844 as well as 1846 and 1847 and President of Costa Rica between May 1 and May 8, 1847.

## Early life and family

Alfaro was born in Alajuela, Costa Rica, then part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, on March 20, 1799, to his parents Juan Antonio Alfaro y Arias and María Damiana Zamora y Flores. On May 19, 1825, he married María Josefa Sandoval y Jiménez. With her he fathered José Joaquín Alfaro Sandoval, a daughter who died early in her childhood, and Calixto Alfaro Sandoval.
Alfaro was a farmer and a businessman. He owned lands devoted to coffee plantation and a sawmill in Itiquís near Alajuela. He also participated in a lumber company in Jinotepe, Nicaragua.

## Public activities

He served as supply deputy for Alajuela (1825-1827), second mayor of Alajuela (1828), deputy for Alajuela (1829-1831), deputy for Heredia (1834-1836), political leader of the western department (1841) and magistrate of the Judicial Chamber (1841-1842).
On September 27, 1842, in a junta convocated by then Head of State Antonio Pinto Soares, José María Alfaro Zamora was designated Provisional Head of State. During his administration he built the road that connects San José to Puntarenas, founded Universidad de Santo Tomás, emitted the 1844 Constitution, and founded the newspaper "Mentor Costarricense". He lost the 1844 elections to Francisco María Oreamuno Bonilla. On November 29, 1844, he gave Oreamuno his office which was meant to last until 1848.
On June 7, 1846, after a coup d'état Alfaro was again declared Provisional Head of State. During this administration Puntarenas was declared a free port, the 1847 Constitution was emitted and a failed diplomatic mission with Nicaragua was launched in a second attempt to sign a border agreement with this country (a previous attempt by Braulio Carrillo in 1838 had also failed). Although he lost the 1847 elections to José María Castro Madriz he won the office of Vice President for the next term.
In order to comply with the new Constitution, from May 1 to May 8, 1847, he used the title President of the State. On May 8, 1847, he was succeeded by Castro. In May 1847, he became Vice President of the State, but he had to quit months after. Accused of corruption, he was confined to Térraba and later moved to Panama.

## Aftermath and death

He later returned to Costa Rica but refused to participate in politics. He died in Alajuela on June 11, 1856, due to cholera.