OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eberstein, Austria

Eberstein (Slovenian: Svinec) is a town in the district of Sankt Veit an der Glan in the Austrian state of Carinthia.

## Geography

The municipality lies in the central Görtschitz valley at the foot of the Saualpe.

## World War II

Peter Pearson tells a story about the region on the BBC Website "WW2 People's War". He says that Signal Platoon of HQ Company 5th Battalion Sherwood Foresters came from Italy into Eberstein, Austria in 1945, and that it was
   Somewhere in the area between St Viet and Neumark we eventually came to a stop in an idyllic picturesque village called Eberstein. It was the sort of place you see on Austrian postcards with a clear sparkling river (complete with trout) and green meadows full of wild flowers, and cows with tinkling bells round their necks. There was a castle here known as Schloss Eberstein.
He goes on to describe the surrender at Eberstein of 30,000 Cossack troops, with 20,000 horses, who had been fighting on the Axis side, many of whom he describes as Ukrainian. They were eventually turned over to the Red Army at Judenburg as part of the Repatriation of Cossacks after WWII.
# John Guise (British Army officer)

John Guise (1682 or 1683 – 12 June 1765) was a British Army officer and art collector.

## Art collector

He was educated at Christ Church, Oxford from 1702 to which he later bequeathed his large collection of over 200 paintings and almost 2,000 drawings by artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael - one such work is Annibale Carracci's Madonna and Child in Glory over the City of Bologna. Since 1968 they have been housed in the Christ Church Picture Gallery. In 1719 he was one of the original backers of the Royal Academy of Music, establishing a London opera company which commissioned numerous works from Handel and others.

## Military career

He obtained a practical knowledge of the profession of arms in the wars of Queen Anne. He served many years in the 1st Regiment of Foot Guards, and was promoted to the lieutenant-colonelcy of that regiment in 1736. On 1 November 1738 King George II rewarded him with the colonelcy of the 6th Regiment of Foot. In 1739 he was promoted to the rank of brigadier-general, and served as one of the senior officers during the unsuccessful Siege of Cartagena during the War of Jenkins' Ear in 1741.
Further promotions took place in 1742 to that of major-general, in 1745 to that of lieutenant-general, and in 1762 to that of general. He held the appointment of governor of Berwick several years, and died in June 1765.
# Connor Bell (athlete)

Connor Bell (born 21 June 2001) is a New Zealand field athlete. He represented his country at the 2022 Commonwealth Games, and is a four-time national champion in the discus throw.
On 25 January 2020, at the Potts Classic, Hawkes Bay Sports Park, in Hastings, Bell threw 63.25 m, a throw that would place him 31st for the year worldwide in 2020. At the same venue, on 23 January 2021, Bell set a new personal best throw of 64.29 m. On 27 March 2021, Bell won the New Zealand national championship with a throw of 61.85. In 2022, Bell repeated his national title win and added a victory in the Oceania Championship discus competition.
Bell competed in the men's discus throw at the 2022 Commonwealth Games. He was the sixth-placed qualifier for the final, where he finished eighth with a best throw of 60.23 metres.
At the Pre-Potts track and field meeting in Hastings on 18 January 2023, Bell broke the New Zealand national discus throw record, with a distance of 66.14 metres, breaking the previous mark of 65.03 metres set by Ian Winchester in 2002.
At the Maurie Plant Meet - Melbourne on 22 February 2023, Bell bettered his own national record with 66.23 metres.
He competed in the discus throw at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris in August 2024.
# Miah Lynch

Miah Lynch (died 28 December 2006) was an Ireland international footballer.

## International career

In February 1934, Lynch made his only appearance for Ireland in a 4–4 draw with Belgium in Dublin.
He was reinstated to play GAA in 1944 having earlier in his teens played with Geraldines GAA Miah won 2 Cork County Senior Hurling Championship medals with St Finbarr's in 1946 and '47
# Chrysops viduatus

Chrysops viduatus is a species of horse fly belonging to the family Tabanidae.
It is a Palearctic species with a limited distribution in Europe

## Description

The middle tibiae of C. viduatus are distinctly yellow-brown. The second abdominal segment is yellow with a well-defined quadrate black spot.

## Biology

Chrysops viduatus occurs in wet meadows, mires, fens and wet woodlands. The larvae feed on organic matter in wet peaty detritus. Adults feed on large mammals including cattle, horses and deer.
# Smiley Mountain

Smiley Mountain is a 11,427-foot (3,483 m) peak in Custer County, Idaho, USA, and one of the higher points in the Pioneer Mountains. It is located in the Salmon-Challis National Forest about 15 miles (24 km) west of Lost River.

## Climate

Climate data for Smiley Mountain 43.7016 N, 113.8096 W, Elevation: 11,001 ft (3,353 m) (1991–2020 normals) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 21.2 (−6.0) | 21.0 (−6.1) | 26.4 (−3.1) | 32.2 (0.1) | 41.4 (5.2) | 51.0 (10.6) | 62.3 (16.8) | 61.7 (16.5) | 52.7 (11.5) | 39.7 (4.3) | 26.2 (−3.2) | 20.1 (−6.6) | 38.0 (3.3) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 13.8 (−10.1) | 12.5 (−10.8) | 16.6 (−8.6) | 21.2 (−6.0) | 29.9 (−1.2) | 38.8 (3.8) | 49.0 (9.4) | 48.4 (9.1) | 39.8 (4.3) | 28.7 (−1.8) | 18.6 (−7.4) | 13.0 (−10.6) | 27.5 (−2.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 6.4 (−14.2) | 4.1 (−15.5) | 6.7 (−14.1) | 10.3 (−12.1) | 18.5 (−7.5) | 26.7 (−2.9) | 35.7 (2.1) | 35.0 (1.7) | 26.9 (−2.8) | 17.8 (−7.9) | 11.0 (−11.7) | 5.9 (−14.5) | 17.1 (−8.3) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 2.87 (73) | 3.09 (78) | 4.22 (107) | 3.35 (85) | 3.85 (98) | 2.61 (66) | 1.17 (30) | 1.04 (26) | 1.81 (46) | 2.65 (67) | 2.74 (70) | 3.57 (91) | 32.97 (837) |
| Source: PRISM Climate Group ||||||||||||||
# Kamieńc

Kamieńc is a former settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Borzytuchom, within Bytów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north-west of Borzytuchom, 19 km (12 mi) north-west of Bytów, and 90 km (56 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
# Alexander Billmeyer

Alexander Billmeyer (January 7, 1841 – May 24, 1924) was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.
Alexander Billmeyer was born in Liberty Township, Pennsylvania. He was engaged in agricultural pursuits and the manufacture of lumber. He worked as director of a national bank in Washingtonville, Pennsylvania.
Billmeyer was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-seventh Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Rufus K. Polk. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1902. He resumed agricultural pursuits in Montour County, Pennsylvania, and died near Washingtonville in 1924. Interment was in Odd Fellows Cemetery in Danville, Pennsylvania.

## Sources

* United States Congress. "Alexander Billmeyer (id: B000465)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
* The Political Graveyard
U.S. House of Representatives :
| Preceded byRufus K. Polk | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania's 17th congressional district 1902–1903 | Succeeded byThaddeus M. Mahon |
* This article about a member of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Michael Collins (Irish author)

Michael Collins (born 4 June 1964) is an Irish novelist and international ultra-distance runner. His novel The Keepers of Truth was shortlisted for the 2000 Booker Prize. He has also won the Irish Novel of the Year Award and the Lucien Barriere Literary Prize at the Deauville American Film Festival. Collins is a graduate of Oxford University.

## Early life and education

Collins was born in Limerick. He earned an athletic scholarship to University of Notre Dame and received his PhD in Creative Writing from the Oxford University.

## Athletics

A former member of the Irish National Team for the 100k distance (62.2 miles), Collins holds the Irish national masters record over the 100k distance. As captain of the Irish National Team in 2010, he won a bronze medal at the World 100k Championships held in Gibraltar. He has also won The 100-mile Himalayan Stage Race and The Mount Everest Challenge Marathon, along with The Last Marathon in Antarctica, and The North Pole Marathon.

## Works

* The Meat Eaters (short stories, also published as The Man who Dreamt of Lobsters), 1992
* The Life and Times of a Teaboy, 1993
* The Feminists Go Swimming, 1994, ISBN 9781897580080
* Emerald Underground, 1998
* The Keepers of Truth, 2000
* The Resurrectionists, 2003
* Lost Souls, 2004
* Death of a Writer (British title: The Secret Life of E. Robert Pendleton), 2006
* Midnight in a Perfect Life (British title), 2010
* The New Existence (British title: The Death of all Things Seen), 2016

## Referenten

* ↑ Moseley, Merritt (2001). "The Booker Prize for 2000". The Sewanee Review. 109 (3): 438–446. JSTOR 27549063.
* ↑ "The Feminists Go Swimming, by Michael Collins (Phoenix, 5.99 in UK)". irishtimes.com. Irish Times. 23 August 1997. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
* ↑ "Literature Ireland |". www.literatureireland.com. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
# Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh offensive

The Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh offensive (Russian: Острогожско-Россошанская операция) was an offensive of the Voronezh Front on the Eastern Front of World War II against the Hungarian 2nd Army and parts of the Italian 8th Army as part of the Voronezh–Kharkov offensive.
The offensive came after Operation Little Saturn, made in support of the Stalingrad encirclement. The offensive was supported from the south by the right flank of the Soviet 6th Army and the 3rd Tank Army of Pavel Rybalko.
# Lawrence Johnson (Wisconsin politician)

Lawrence H. Johnson (April 26, 1908 – May 1, 1994) was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

## Biography

Johnson was born on April 26, 1908, in Nadeau, Michigan. He graduated from high school in Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin. He died on May 1, 1994.

## Career

Johnson was elected to the Assembly in 1960 and was re-elected in 1962 and 1964. Additionally, he was Clerk of Algoma, Wisconsin, and Chairman of the Kewaunee County, Wisconsin Board. He was a Republican.
# An Hyo-ju

An Hyo-ju (Korean: 안효주, born 25 November 1987) is a South Korean field hockey player. She competed for the South Korea women's national field hockey team at the 2016 Summer Olympics.
She won a gold medal as a member of the South Korean team at 2014 Asian Games.
# Ch'uxña Quta (Larecaja)

Ch'uxña Quta (Aymara ch'uxña green, quta lake, "green lake", also spelled Chojña Kkota) is a 4,907-metre-high (16,099 ft) mountain in the Andes of Bolivia. It is situated in the La Paz Department, Larecaja Province, Sorata Municipality. Ch'uxña Quta lies in the northern extensions of the Cordillera Real southeast of the mountains Ch'uch'u and Ch'uch'u Apachita and northwest of Llawi Imaña.
# Gary Hayzlett

Gary Hayzlett (September 4, 1941) is a former member of the Kansas House of Representatives, who represented the 122nd district from 1991 to 2013.

## Major donors

The top 5 donors to Hayzlett's 2008 campaign:
* 1. Kansas Contractors Assoc $1,000
* 2. Walmart $500
* 3. Kan Chamber of Commerce $500
* 4. Heavy Constructors Assoc $500
* 5. Heavy Const Assoc $500
# Richard Fogarty

Richard Fogarty MM (12 December 1891 – 9 September 1980) was a New Zealand rugby union player. He was a member of the All Blacks in 1914, playing in the loose forward and hooker positions.

## Early life

Born in the Central Otago gold-mining settlement of Matakanui, Fogarty was educated at Christian Brothers School in Dunedin, where he played rugby union.

## Senior rugby

Fogarty played for the Union club and represented Otago in 1914. He then played for the Hawera club and represented Taranaki from 1920 to 1922. He then shifted to Auckland where he played for College Rifles RFC. He represented Auckland in 1923 and 1924. He was a New Zealand trialist in 1924 and played in the New Zealand Services team in 1918, 1919 and 1920.

## All Black

Fogarty was selected for the 1921 All Blacks. His two games for New Zealand were against the 1921 Springboks. He played in his usual position as a loose forward in the first test and as a hooker in the final test. The first test was won by New Zealand (13–5) and the second was a scoreless draw (0–0). Fogarty did not score any points for the All Blacks.

## Military service

During World War I, Fogarty served with the New Zealand Rifle Brigade, rising to the rank of sergeant. He was awarded the Military Medal for gallantry in 1918.

## Later life and death

Following the death of Frank Mitchinson in 1978, Fogarty was the oldest living All Black. He died in Dunedin in 1980 and was buried at Andersons Bay Cemetery.
# Carl Martin (politician)

Carl "Robbie" Martin (born April 8, 1991) is an American politician who represents District 65 in the West Virginia House of Delegates as a Republican. He previously served the 45th district from 2018 to 2022. He entered his current office on December 1, 2022.

## Biography

Martin was born in Buckhannon, West Virginia to parents Carl J. Martin and Roberta J. Lynch. He is a Christian.
# Earl Keegan Jr.

Earl Keegan Jr. (December 10, 1921 – February 11, 1977) was an American politician who was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

## Biography

Keegan was born on December 10, 1921, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. After graduating from St. John's Cathedral High School, Keegan attended Marquette University. During World War II, he served in the United States Army. He became a member of the Veterans of Foreign Wars, the American Legion and AMVETS, as well as the Society of the Holy Name. Keegan died February 11, 1977.

## Political career

Keegan was elected to the Assembly in 1972, where he served the 8th district until 1975. Previously, he was Supervisor of Milwaukee County, Wisconsin from 1956 to 1968. He was a Democrat.
# Neil Papworth

Neil Papworth (born 1969) is a British software architect, designer and developer. He is known as the sender of the first ever text message (also known as SMS message) in 1992.

## Personal life

Neil Papworth was born on 28 December 1969 in Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom. Papworth obtained his HND (Higher National Diploma) in Computer Studies from the University of West London. He spent his childhood in Wokingham, Berkshire, and began his professional career at Ferranti International in Bracknell, United Kingdom. Papworth then settled in Toronto, Canada in 2000 and later moved to Montreal in 2002.

## Career

Neil Papworth started his career at Ferranti International in Bracknell on aeronautical and military applications from 1988 to 1991. He designed and programmed a movable vehicle satellite antenna and implemented software for automated helicopter-landing aids.
In 1991, he began working for Sema Group in Reading, Berkshire. He spent a large amount of time from 1993 onwards travelling around the world installing SMS systems. He relocated to Sema Group's Toronto office in January 2000.
He settled in Montreal, Quebec in September 2002. He remained with Sema Group (which became Airwide Solutions) until 2011. Since then, he worked for Tekelec, a telecommunications company, recently bought by Oracle Corporation. He worked at Oracle on 4G related technologies. In 2018, he started working at TriNimbus, a company providing Amazon Web Services consulting to customers, which was subsequently acquired by Onica in 2018, and then Onica was subsequently acquired by Rackspace in 2019.

## Contribution to text messaging

In 1992, Neil Papworth was working as a developer and test engineer at Sema Group Telecoms, in a team developing a Short Message Service Centre (SMSC) for their customer, Vodafone UK in Newbury, Berkshire. As part of this project, he sent the world's first text message, on 3 December 1992, at the age of 22. It was sent from a computer. The message was "Merry Christmas", and was sent to Richard Jarvis, a director at Vodafone, who was enjoying his office Christmas party. Richard Jarvis received the message on an Orbitel 901 handset.
He said in 2017 that he only sends a few texts per day and that they are typically "fairly dull." He does not use the emoji menu. Papworth gained popularity during the 10th and 20th anniversaries of the first text message, as highlighted in the press, and has been featured in several outlets such as a Super Bowl commercial, a documentary movie, a Jeopardy! question, and radio talk shows.
# Vilma Kadlečková

Vilma Kadlečková (born May 27, 1971, Prague) is a Czech science-fiction and fantasy writer.
# David C. Huff

David C. Huff (September 13, 1936–December 12, 2019) was an American politician who served as a Republican member of the Kansas House of Representatives from 1997 to 2006. He represented the 30th District and lived in Lenexa, Kansas.
Huff was elected in 1996 and was re-elected for an additional 5 terms before declining to run for re-election in 2006. He was succeeded by fellow Republican Ron Worley.
# Widow's pension

A widow's pension is a payment from the government of a country to a person whose spouse has died.
Generally, such payments are made to a widow whose late spouse has fulfilled the country's requirements, including contribution, cohabitation, and length of marriage.

## United States

During the Progressive Era, there was a proliferation of laws introducing widows' pensions (generally called "mothers' pensions) at the state level.
At the federal level, the widow's pension was introduced in the Senate in 1930. It was not especially uncommon for young women in Arkansas to marry Confederate pensioners; in 1937 the state passed a law stating that women who married Civil War veterans would not be eligible for a widow's pension. The law was later changed in 1939 to state that widows born after 1870 were not eligible for pensions.
In 1899, Congress approved a payment of $11,750 of widow's pension owed to Harriet Tubman.

## United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, the Widow’s Pension was discontinued in 2001. A widow's pension can be paid to childless widows aged 45 or over, or to those whose husband died before September 4, 2001.
When it was offered, for a woman to qualify, her husband had to have paid 25 flat-rate contributions before April 6, 1975.

## Israel

In Israel in 2007, a court ruled that the female partner of a deceased lesbian was entitled to a widow's pension.

## New Zealand

In New Zealand, a widow's pension was introduced in 1911 to help families with no other way of supporting themselves.

## India

In 1953, the Government of India launched the Widow Assistance Scheme. Under this scheme, a pension of ₹20 per month was provided to widows above 40 years of age.
# Calvin Paige

Calvin DeWitt Paige (May 20, 1848 – April 24, 1930) was a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts.
He was born in Southbridge, Massachusetts. He was president of the Central Cotton Mills Company, the Southbridge Savings Bank and the Edwards Company.

## Political career

He served as a member of the state house of representatives in 1878 and 1879, he was delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1884, and a member of the Governor's council in 1906 and 1907.
He was elected as a Republican to the Sixty-third Congress by special election, after the death of representative William H. Wilder, and reelected to the five succeeding Congresses from 1913 to 1925.
After leaving congress, he withdrew from public life, and engaged in banking in Southbridge.
# David Perry (politician)

David G. Perry (born July 31, 1952, in Oak Hill, West Virginia) is an American politician and a Democratic member of the West Virginia House of Delegates representing District 32 since January 12, 2013. Perry served consecutively from January 2001 until January 2013 in a District 29 seat.

## Education

Perry earned his AS from Beckley Junior College and his BA and MA from Marshall University.

## Elections

* 2012 Redistricted to District 32 alongside Democratic incumbent Representatives Margaret Anne Staggers and John Pino, Perry placed second in the seven-way May 8, 2012 Democratic Primary with 3,653 votes (21.1%), and placed second in the four-way three-position November 6, 2012 General election with 10,128 votes (29.9%), behind Representatives Staggers (D) and ahead of Representative Pino (D) and Mountain Party candidate Tighe Bullock.
* 2000 When House District 29 Representative William Laird IV left the Legislature and left a district seat open, Perry placed in the ten-way 2000 Democratic Primary and was elected in the four-way three-position November 7, 2000 General election alongside incumbent Representatives Tom Louisos (D) and John Pino (D).
* 2002 Perry placed in the five-way 2002 Democratic Primary and was re-elected in the five-way three-position November 5, 2002 General election with incumbents Louisos (D) and Pino (D).
* 2004 Perry placed in the seven-way 2004 Democratic Primary and was re-elected in the six-way three-position November 2, 2004 General election with incumbents Louisos (D) and Pino (D).
* 2006 Perry placed in the seven-way 2006 Democratic Primary where Representative Louisos was displaced by nominee Margaret Anne Staggers; Perry and was re-elected in the four-way three-position November 7, 2006 General election with incumbent Pino (D) and fellow Democratic nominee Margaret Anne Staggers.
* 2008 Perry placed second in the five-way May 13, 2008 Democratic Primary with 5,860 votes (22.4%) where former Representative Louisos displaced Representative Pino; Perry placed second in the six-way four-position November 4, 2008 General election with 9,227 votes (22.9%) behind former Representative Louisos and ahead of incumbent Representative Staggers and Republican nominees Marshall Clay, Daniel Wright, and Steven Smith.
* 2010 Perry placed second in the five-way May 11, 2010 Democratic Primary with 2,619 votes (23.4%), and placed second in the four-way three-position November 2, 2010 General election with 7,169 votes (27.5%) behind incumbent Staggers (D) and ahead of returning Representative Pino and returning 2008 Republican opponent Marshall Clay.
# Oscar J. Schmiege

Oscar John Schmiege (March 29, 1902 – July 29, 1961) was an American politician and jurist.
Born in Appleton, Wisconsin, Schmiege graduated from Appleton High School. In 1925, Schmeige received his bachelor's degree in civil engineering from the University of Wisconsin. He worked for the Wisconsin Highway Commission and a railroad. Schmiege served in the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1927 to 1933 and was a Republican. While in the Wisconsin Assembly, Schmiege received his law degree from the University of Wisconsin Law School in 1928 and was admitted to the Wisconsin bar. Schmiege was district attorney for Outagamie County, Wisconsin and then became a criminal court judge. Schmiege died in Appleton, Wisconsin of a heart attack just after he gave instructions to a jury that was hearing a murder case.
# Peter Bowen

Peter Bowen was an American writer born May 22, 1945, and died April 8, 2020.
He lived in Livingston, Montana and had worked as a cowboy, hunting and fishing guide, folksinger, poet, essayist, and novelist. He was the author of the Yellowstone Kelly historical novels as well as the Gabriel Du Pré mysteries. He also wrote humor and hunting articles under the pseudonym "Coyote Jack" for Forbes FYI magazine.

## Works
### Yellowstone Kelly novels

* Yellowstone Kelly: Gentleman and Scout, 1987
* Kelly Blue, 1991
* Imperial Kelly, 1992
* Kelly and the Three-toed Horse, 2001

### Gabriel Du Pré mysteries

* Coyote Wind, 1994
* Specimen Song, 1995
* Wolf, No Wolf, 1996
* Notches, 1997
* Thunder Horse, 1998
* Long Son, 1999
* The Stick Game, 2000
* Cruzatte and Maria, 2001
* Ash Child, 2002
* Badlands, 2003
* The Tumbler, 2004
* Stewball, 2005
* Nails, 2006
* Bitter Creek, 2015
* Solus, 2018