OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nassella pulchra

Nassella pulchra, basionym Stipa pulchra, is a species of grass known by the common names purple needlegrass and purple tussockgrass. It is native to the U.S. state of California, where it occurs throughout the coastal hills, valleys, and mountain ranges, as well as the Sacramento Valley and parts of the Sierra Nevada foothills, and Baja California.
It grows in many types of local habitat, including grassland, chaparral, and oak woodland. It grows well on clay and serpentine soils.

## Description

Nassella pulchra is a perennial bunch grass producing tufts of erect, unbranched stems up to 1 metre (3.3 ft) tall. The extensive root system can reach 20 feet (6.1 m) deep into the soil, making the grass more tolerant of drought.
The open, nodding inflorescence is up to 60 centimeters long and has many branches bearing Spikelets.
The plant produces copious seed, up to 227 pounds per acre in dense stands. The pointed fruit is purple-tinged when young and has an awn up to 10 centimeters long which is twisted and bent twice. The shape of the seed helps it self-bury.

## Uses

This grass is the preferred material used by the California Indian basket weavers for teaching the art of basket weaving.

## State grass

Purple needlegrass became the California state grass in 2004. It is considered a symbol of the state because it is viewed by some as one of the most widespread native California grasses, it supported Native American groups as well as Mexican ranchers, and it helps suppress invasive plant species and support native oaks.

## Ecology

In addition to supporting native oaks, it supports common branded skipper and Uncas skipper caterpillars.
# William F. Allen (New York politician)

William Fitch Allen (July 28, 1808 – June 3, 1878) was an American lawyer and politician.

## Life

He was born on July 28, 1808, in Windham County, Connecticut, the eldest son of Abner Harvey Allen and Cynthia Palmer, a sister of the mother of Sanford E. Church. He graduated from Union College in 1826. Then he studied law in the office of John C. Wright at Esperance, New York, and in the office of C. M. and E. S. Lee at Rochester, New York. He was admitted to the bar in 1829, and commenced practice in partnership with George Fisher at Oswego until 1833. In 1834, he formed a partnership with Abraham P. Grant which continued until his election to the New York Supreme Court. He was Supervisor of the Town of Oswego in 1836 and 1837.
Allen was a Democratic member of the New York State Assembly in 1843 and 1844. From 1845 to 1847, he was United States Attorney for the Northern District of New York. He was a justice of the New York Supreme Court from 1847 to 1863, and sat ex officio on the Court of Appeals in 1854 and 1862. In 1863, he removed to New York City and resumed the practice of law there.
He was New York State Comptroller from 1868 to 1870, elected at the New York state election, 1867; and re-elected at the New York state election, 1869. He resigned this office in June 1870.
At the New York special judicial election, 1870, he was elected to the New York Court of Appeals, and in July 1870 became one of the first judges of the new court upon its re-organization after the amendment of the State Constitution in 1869. He remained on the bench until his death on June 3, 1878, in Oswego, New York.

## Sources

* ↑ History of Oswego County, New York by Crisfield Johnson (L. H. Everts & Co., Philadelphia PA, 1877; pg. 202)
* ↑ Google Books The New York Civil List compiled by Franklin Benjamin Hough (pages 255, 351; Weed, Parsons and Co., 1858)
* ↑ OBITUARY; JUDGE WILLIAM F. ALLEN in the New York Times on June 4, 1878
# Hong Seong-ik

Hong Seong-ik (born 1 September 1940) is a former South Korean cyclist. He competed in the team time trial at the 1964 Summer Olympics.
# Jaron Crane

Ronald "Jaron" Crane is an American politician serving as a member of the Idaho House of Representatives for the 12B district. He assumed office on December 1, 2022.

## Early life and education

Crane was born and raised in Nampa, Idaho, the youngest of six children born to Ron Crane. His older brother, Brent Crane, is also a member of the Idaho House of Representatives. Jaron attended Hobe Sound Bible College before earning an associate degree in business management from Ohio Christian University. He later earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science from Boise State University.

## Career

While attending Boise State University, Crane joined the Idaho Army National Guard. He is the vice president of Crane Alarm Service and co-founder of American Fire Protection. Crane was elected to the Idaho House of Representatives in November 2022. He is a member of the House Business Committee.
# Jeong Bu-jin

Jeong Bu-jin (born 16 May 1963) is a South Korean field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# Electron-stimulated luminescence

Electron-stimulated luminescence (ESL) is production of light by cathodoluminescence, i.e. by a beam of electrons made to hit a fluorescent phosphor surface. This is also the method used to produce light in a cathode ray tube (CRT). Experimental light bulbs that were made using this technology do not include magnetic or electrostatic means to deflect the electron beam.
A cathodoluminescent light has a transparent glass envelope coated on the inside with a light-emitting phosphor layer. Electrons emitted from a cathode strike the phosphor; the current returns through a transparent conductive coating on the envelope. The phosphor layer emits light through the transparent face of the envelope. The system has a power supply providing at least 5kVDC to the light emitting device, and the electrons transiting from cathode to anode are essentially unfocused. Additional circuits allow TRIAC-type dimmers to control the light level. Sample produced with lights produced so far have a color rendering index of 90. The energy consumption can be 70% less than that of a standard incandescent light bulb. Claimed lifetime can be as long as 10,000 hours which is more than ten times that of a standard incandescent light bulb.
Unlike fluorescent lamps, which produce light through the electrical excitation of mercury vapor, ESL lamps do not use mercury. The first commercially available ESL product was a reflector bulb.
Drawbacks include high weight, a slightly larger-than-normal base and – as with all cathode ray tubes – when switched on, a slight delay before illumination begins and a static charge which attracts dust to the bulb face. As of 2016 the cost is higher and claimed efficiency is less than half that of commercially available LED bulbs, although it is considerably better than that of traditional incandescent lamps.

## History

In 1958, Ferranti introduced a line of flood beam CRT-type stroboscope lamps.
Following delays, one company, called Vu1 Corporation, released ESL lamp samples in 2011. The company has not continued in operation.
# John Cruger Jr.

John Cruger Jr. (July 18, 1710 – December 27, 1791) was the speaker of the Province of New York assembly and the 41st Mayor of New York City.
He was born July 18, 1710, the son of John Cruger and Maria Cuyler. He was a New York City merchant. He served as the 41st Mayor of New York City from 1757 to 1766. He was also a member of New York's delegation to the Stamp Act Congress and a member of the Committee of Correspondence.
He was the speaker of the Province of New York assembly from 1769 to 1775. In the New York assembly, he voted against approval of the proceedings of the First Continental Congress. He was named as one of the "suspected" persons on the New York Provincial Congress in 1776.
Before the British occupation of New York City, he retired to Kinderhook. He returned to New York City in 1783 and died December 27, 1791.
# Shushrusha Citizens' Co-operative Hospital

Shushrusha Citizens' Co-operative Hospital is located in Shivaji Park, Mumbai. It was founded in 1966 by Dr. V.S. Ranadive as a hospital co-operative initiative.

## Community services

The hospital provides no-cost services for prevention and treatment for physical and mental ailments. Services include:
* Operation theaters
* Cardiac care
* In-home medical and nursing
* Emergency medical services
* Joint replacement
* Stroke clinic
* Cardiac ambulance
* Blood bank
* Pathology
* Ophthalmic
* Imaging
* Intensive care
* High dependency
* Pediatric
* Dialysis
* Outpatient
* Audiometry
Projects include:
* Smile Train: Cleft lip, cleft palate and related deformities are treated at no charge to patients.
* Shushrusha is a member of the Federation of Bombay Blood Banks.
* Sakhi, sisterhood of strength, the clinic for Women.
* Swachh Bharat Abhiyan with the senior citizens group, the Center for the Study of Social change.
* Swaasthya, a monthly health magazine, an ongoing publication started at the main campus in Dadar: Editor, Dr. Rekha Bhatkhande, the medical director at Vikhroli and serves both campuses and the community.
* 'DILASA Centre, started by the hospital during 2010 for senior citizens, had various projects completed.
# Don Walko

Don Walko (born February 24, 1953) was a Democratic member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for the 20th District. Walko was elected in 1994 and was in office until 2010. He resigned on January 3 after being elected a judge for the 5th District of the Allegheny County Court Common Pleas.
# Jeffrey Coy

Jeffrey W. Coy (October 6, 1951 – June 4, 2018) was an American politician who was a member of the Pennsylvania Gaming Control Board and a former Democratic member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.
A 1969 graduate of Shippensburg Area Senior High School, Coy earned a degree from Shippensburg University in 1973, and served as a director for the Shippensburg-based Orrstown Bank.
Coy was first elected to represent the 89th legislative district in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1982. He served as Democratic (Majority) Caucus Chairman from 1993 through 1994 as the majority party. In 1995, he was elected to serve as Democratic (Minority) Caucus Secretary. He was re-elected 11 times in a heavily Republican district.
Coy announced his intention not to seek re-election in early 2004. In August, Coy was nominated by the House Democratic leader Bill DeWeese to become a member of the Pennsylvania Gaming Control Board, a controversial nomination because of a provision of the Pennsylvania Constitution prohibiting legislators from serving on such boards "during the time for which he was elected". Senate Republicans interpreted the phrase to mean the entire two-year legislative term, which would expire on November 30, 2004, and suggested that the Democrats appoint a placeholder until the end of the legislative term. Coy's resignation from his seat would satisfy the constitution. Coy resigned his legislative seat effective September 2, 2004 and was appointed to the Pennsylvania Gaming Control Board effective the next day.
Coy died on June 4, 2018, aged 66.
# Ralph Kaiser

Ralph E. Kaiser (born August 27, 1950) is a former Democratic member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.

## Biography

Kaiser earned a degree from Robert Morris College in 1973. He worked at the U.S. Steel Duquesne Works for eleven years before its closure in 1984. He worked two jobs for the next four years before successfully challenging incumbent Republican Raymond T. Book in a district that had been controlled by Republicans since its creation.
In 1989, he earned a certificate in Effective Resource Management from Penn State University.
In 1988, he challenged incumbent Republican Raymond T. Book, who had represented the 41st legislative district for three terms. Kaiser obtained a $4,400 loan against his car, printed 30,000 pieces of literature, and began knocking on doors throughout the district, missing only 4 days between July 3 and the general election. He won the election by 168 votes.
His legislative career was marked by his "political independence" and his ability to secure millions of dollars in state grants for his district. He voted against then-Gov. Robert Casey's 1991-92 budget, which included a $3 billion tax increase in and increased state spending by 12 percent, a move that angered the Democratic leadership. In 1993, he was lauded by Common Cause as one of thirteen Democratic "Untouchables" for his efforts to reform the business of the House.
One of Kaiser's most notable legislative accomplishments was a bill to reform the state's humane officers. At one hearing, Kaiser held his own badge, handcuffs, and Pennsylvania Humane Society ticket book above his head to dramatize the lax requirements within the system and the need to keep unqualified officers like himself off farms and out of people's doghouses. He explained that in order to become a humane officer himself, he had "filed two forms with the Department of State, spent 10 minutes and $100," and only needed to be sworn in by a judge in order to become a humane officer, endowed with the authority to wear a uniform, carry a gun, and write tickets costing pet owners as much as $600 in fines, all without any training, supervision, or real knowledge of animals. he said that "I never even owned a dog," he said. "And the closest I've ever come was to pet one owned by someone else."
He retired prior to the 2002 elections when his Allegheny County district was moved to Lancaster County as retribution by the House Democratic caucus and Bill DeWeese for his vote against the 1991-1992 budget and his overall fiscally conservative voting pattern. He took a position as director of government affairs for the Pittsburgh-based public television station WQED.
# José Manuel García Guevara

Jose Manuel García Guevara (born February 11, 1988) is a Mexican national formerly on the FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list.

## Background

On February 19, 2008, while living with four roommates in a trailer park in Lake Charles, Louisiana, Guevara allegedly broke into the trailer of his neighbor, 26-year-old Wanda Barton, and raped and stabbed her to death in the presence of her 4-year-old stepson. He then bought a one-way bus ticket to Dallas, Texas, where he disappeared. Authorities believe he returned to Mexico, possibly to his hometown of Rioverde, San Luis Potosí.
Guevara is between 5'6" to 5'8", with brown eyes and dark hair. He weighs between 160 and 180 pounds. He has a tattoo of the letter "J" on his shoulder, and goes by the nickname Pelón, which translates to "bald head," but is also a slang word for penis.
Guevara was indicted by a grand jury in April 2008 on charges of second-degree murder, aggravated rape, and aggravated burglary. He is also charged with unlawful flight to avoid prosecution. There was a $100,000 reward offered by the FBI for his capture.
On July 30, 2014, the FBI and officials with the Calcasieu Parish Sheriff's Office announced that they had captured Guevara. He was extradited from Mexico and booked into the Calcasieu Parish jail.
On January 28, 2015 Guevara was convicted of aggravated burglary, aggravated rape and second degree murder.
# Gerald McMonagle

Gerald F. McMonagle (born May 19, 1936) is a former Democratic member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.
# Clausicella floridensis

Clausicella floridensis is a species of bristle fly in the family Tachinidae.

## Distribution

Canada, United States.
# Clifford Gray (politician)

Clifford Gray Jr. (born May 31, 1940) is a former Democratic member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. Gray was a member of the 31st Ward Democratic Executive Committee. A Democrat, he was elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for the 1977 term. After serving a total of three consecutive terms, he ran unsuccessful campaigns for reelection for the 1983 and 1985 terms of the Pennsylvania House. During his first term, he served as the subcommittee chair for the Pennsylvania House's State Government Committee; during his second term, he served as the subcommittee chair of the Urban Affairs Committee.
Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Gray attended Hackett Elementary School, Penn Treaty Junior High School, Edison High School, and Frankford High School.
# Joseph A. Sullivan

Joseph A. Sullivan (August 9, 1911 – March 15, 2002) was a former Democratic member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.
# Bluebird Gap Farm

Bluebird Gap Farm is a public city park and petting zoo located in Hampton, Virginia, at 60 Pine Chapel Road. It is designed to resemble a working farm, and features farm animals and fowl of all types, and wild animals native to Virginia.
It is also home to the city's volunteer master gardeners' demonstration garden.

## History

Opening in 1966 under the name Old MacDonald's Farm, it is one of the city's oldest parks. It was then home to 105 donated and "loaned" domestic animals. Originally located on the site of the nearby Hampton Coliseum, the Farm moved to its current location on Pine Chapel Road in 1969, and sought to show animals in a farm setting to children from a city environment.

## Events

Each year in late October the park hosts a Fall Festival, a two-day fall themed event with vendors, games, food, and a pumpkin patch. Starting in 2010, the Bluebird Gap Farm sponsors a 4-H Club for youths 5–18 years old.
# Yoda Fountain

Yoda Fountain is a fountain with a bronze statue of the Star Wars character Yoda, installed at the Lucasfilm offices in the Letterman Digital Arts Center in San Francisco, California, United States.
# Robert Butera

Robert J. Butera (born January 21, 1935) is a former Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.
# Ulba

The Ulba (Kazakh: ءۇلبى, Үлбі, Ülbı; Russian: Ульба) is a river of Kazakhstan. It joins the Irtysh at Oskemen.
# Robert Borski

Robert Anthony Borski Jr. (born October 20, 1948) is an American politician. He was a Democratic Party state representative and later a Congressman from the U.S. state of Pennsylvania from 1983 until 2003, representing the state's 3rd congressional district.

## Biography

Borski was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and he graduated from the University of Baltimore in 1971. He was a member of the Pennsylvania state house of representatives from 1977 to 1982.

### Congress

In 1982, he took on GOP Representative Charles F. Dougherty in the 3rd Congressional District, which had been renumbered from the 4th after the 1980 Census. 1982 was a rough year for Republicans due to a recession and Borski would be a beneficiary of the public discontent. He also was helped by some friendly redistricting that shifted some heavily Democratic wards to the 3rd. Borski scored a narrow victory of less than 3,000 votes—in the process, ousting the last Republican to represent a significant portion of Philadelphia in the House. The Borski-Dougherty battles would be fought out in this district three more times in 1992, 1998, and 2000 with Borski victorious each time.
In his 20 years in Congress, Borski rose to become the second-ranking Democrat on the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee. He was generally classed as a liberal Democrat, but opposed abortion in most cases.
On October 10, 2002, Robert Borski was among the 81 House Democrats who voted in favor of authorizing the invasion of Iraq. In 2003, the post office where Borski's father once carried mail was renamed in his honor.

### Redistricting

In 2002, the Republican-controlled State Legislature threw Borski a curve. Pennsylvania was due to lose two districts as a result of the 2000 United States Census, and the legislature dismantled his northeast Philadelphia district. Borski's home was drawn into the Montgomery County-based 13th District of two-term Democrat Joe Hoeffel. They expected that either Borski or Hoeffel would be bloodied from the resulting primary election. However, Borski decided not to run, instead retiring from Congress and allowing Hoeffel to avoid a costly primary campaign.

### Later career

After retiring, Borski formed his own lobbying firm, Borski Associates. Governor Ed Rendell hired Borski in 2003 to help lobby for the state of Pennsylvania in Congress.
In 2010, Politics Magazine named him one of the most influential Democrats in Pennsylvania.
# Albert Fernand-Renault

Albert Fernand-Renault (1887 – 1939) was a French painter. His work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1928 Summer Olympics.
# Betty Villegas

Betty Villegas is an American politician serving as a Democratic member of the Arizona House of Representatives for the 20th district since July 2023. She was a member of the Pima County Board of Supervisors in 2020.

## Life

Villegas is from Tucson, Arizona. In 2016, she retired from the Pima County, Arizona government as a housing program manager of the community development and neighborhood conservation. In 2020, she joined the Pima County Board of Supervisors after the death of Richard Elias.
A Democrat, she was appointed to the Arizona House of Representatives to succeed Andrés Cano in July 2023.
# Mount Odin (Graham Land)

Mount Odin (66°26′S 64°03′W﻿ / ﻿66.433°S 64.050°W﻿ / -66.433; -64.050) is a saddle-top mountain on the Foyn Coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It consists of two ice-covered peaks and stands 1,465 m (4,806 ft) tall. It is situated close to Frigga Peak to the southwest, on the divide between Anderson Glacier and Sleipnir Glacier. In 1947, the peak was photographed from the air by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE) and charted from the ground by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS). It was named by FIDS personnel after the Norse god Odin, the mythological husband of Frigga.
# White Punks on Dope

"White Punks on Dope", abbreviated as "WPOD", is a 1975 song by San Francisco-based rock group the Tubes from their debut album, produced by Al Kooper. The song was written by the band's dual lead guitarists, Bill Spooner and Roger Steen with Michael Evans. It has been called an "absurd anthem of wretched excess", ridiculing the rich and famous offspring of Hollywood elite. The song became the group's rock anthem and spectacular closing number to their elaborate stage shows. The band developed a cult-like fan base that has followed them for decades.
Known for frequent costume changes, the group's lead singer Fee Waybill plays the character of Quay Lewd (a take-off on Quaalude), a drugged-out British rock star wearing two-foot-tall platform shoes, a feather boa and a long blonde wig. In his early career as a choreographer for the band, Kenny Ortega would add elements to try to make every show more spectacular. There were explosions, smoke, chainsaws and a daredevil aerial artist. Among the barely-dressed dancers and characters were Jane Dornacker and Pearl E. Gates. Up-and-coming local actor-comedian Robin Williams auditioned for the show.
Whilst it was considered too racy to receive much airplay in the United States, two years later the single reached No. 28 on the British charts.

## Cover versions

* Mötley Crüe covered "White Punks on Dope" on their album New Tattoo, and performs it live in concert on their Lewd, Crüed, & Tattooed DVD.
* Nina Hagen Band interpreted the song in a German-language version, translated to "TV-Glotzer" (with re-written lyrics about being an East German who lives vicariously by staring at West German television all day) on their self-titled debut album in 1978.