OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# DNA Oyj

DNA Plc (natively DNA Oyj) is a Finnish telecommunications company. It was founded in 2000, and refounded in 2007 after a merger.
DNA offers cellular phone services, FTTx, ADSL, terrestrial television (DVB-T/DVB-T2), cable television (DVB-C) and regular (landline) telephone service.

## History

DNA traces its beginnings to the "Suomen 3P" mobile phone operations division of the Finnet (fi) group of telephone cooperatives (of which the latter was originally founded in 1921 as a grouping of the over 400 privately owned telephone cooperatives which then existed in Finland in competition with the Finnish PTT agency (fi)) after there was a split-up in the association. The Helsinki Telephone Association (now Elisa Oyj) left Finnet and they needed to find a new owner, which they did in 2001.
In 2007, there began to be new difficulties between the remaining Finnet companies. The largest members merged themselves with DNA and left the association.
In 2012, DNA challenged a long-time dominated Digita Oy in the Finnish terrestrial television network markets, and construction of its own competing digital-terrestrial television network with DVB-T2 technology.
In 2013, DNA acquired the monopoly (in the Finnish market) pay-per-view television provider PlusTV, from the Swedish state owned radio and television network operator Teracom AB. PlusTV offers pay-per-view television services on Digita's and DNA's own digital terrestrial television networks, with DVB-T/MPEG-2 and DVB-T2/MPEG-4 technologies.
In 2014, DNA and Sonera (now Telia Finland) established a joint venture company called Suomen Yhteisverkko Oy, of which its purpose is to build and deploy a shared 4G LTE mobile network in remote Northern and Eastern Finland using the 800 MHz (LTE Band 20) "digital dividend" band. DNA owns 49% of this joint venture.
In 2016, the lower-cost MVNO Moi Mobiili started operations using the DNA/Yhteisverkko mobile network. DNA acquired Moi Mobiili in January 2019.
97.87 percent of DNA is owned by the Norwegian telecommunications company Telenor, which acquired DNA in April 2019.
# NGC 5850

NGC 5850 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo. Its speed relative to the cosmic microwave background is 2,735 ± 13 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 40.3 ± 2.8 Mpc (~131 million ly). NGC 5850 was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 24 February 1786.

## Characteristics

The luminosity class of NGC 5850 is II and it has a broad HI1 line. It is also classified a LINER galaxy; a galaxy whose nucleus presents an emission spectrum characterized by broad lines of weakly ionized atoms.
To date, seven non-redshift measurements yield a distance of 18.7 ± 1.75 Mpc (~61 million ly), which is far outside the Hubble distance values. Note that it is with the average value of independent measurements, when they exist, that the NASA/IPAC database calculates the diameter of a galaxy and that consequently the diameter of NGC 5850 could be approximately 58.7 kpc (~191,000 ly) if we used the Hubble distance to calculate it.

## Morphology

NGC 5850 was used by Gérard de Vaucouleurs as a galaxy of morphological type SB(r)b in his galaxy atlas. It is classified as a prototype double-barred system early-type spiral galaxy by other studies as well.
In 2002, Eskridge, Frogel and Pogge published a paper, describing the morphology of 205 closely spaced spiral galaxies. The observations were carried out in the H band of infrared and in the B band (blue). According to Eskridge and his colleagues, NGC 5850 is a spiral galaxy of type SB(r)ab in the B band and type SB(r)0/a in the H band. The isophotes of the outer bulb are almost circular. The nucleus appears elliptical. The bulb is crossed by a very long bar with ansae at its end. The bar is inclined at 60 degrees to the interior bulb. A complete inner ring is formed at the end of the bar and beyond there is a faint spiral structure. The spiral arms appear to form an incomplete outern pseudo-ring. One of these spiral arms of NGC 5850 appears broken, likely caused by an interaction with a north-west object.

## Possible galaxy pair?

NGC 5850 is close to its neighbor, NGC 5846. However, the distance between them is exactly 40 million light-years. Although they not a physical pair, it is possible that the two galaxies might have experienced a high-speed encounter around 200 million years ago.

## Supernova

One supernova has been observed in NGC 5850: SN 1987B (type II, mag. 15) was discovered by Robert Evans on 24 February 1987, shining 71" west and 145" south of the nucleus of the galaxy. Spectral analysis indicated that it was a non-conventional type II supernova.
# Whitebrook

Whitebrook (Welsh: Abergwenffrwd) is a small village in Monmouthshire, south-east Wales, United Kingdom. It is located four miles south east of Monmouth in the Wye Valley.

## History and amenities

Between the 17th and 19th centuries, the Whitebrook valley - like the Angiddy valley at Tintern a few miles to the south - was a centre of intensive water-powered industry. A branch of Tintern wireworks was established here in about 1606, and wire working continued to be the main industry of the valley until about 1720. By about 1760, paper mills had taken over, and much of the housing in the valley was built for millworkers around that time. Some of the paper was made from imported esparto grass, brought in via the quay at nearby Llandogo.
Although the industry had ceased by 1880, the valley retains the remains of several old mills, warehouses, dams and leats. These include the remains of a quay and warehouses beside the Wye; remains of a mill and dam belonging to the Glynn Paper Mill which operated between about 1800 and 1850; more extensive sandstone-built remains upstream of Bridget's Mills; the remains of two 17th century wireworks mills; the remains of the large Clearwater Paper Mills built about 1760, with its accompanying water systems; and several more mills. Fernside Mill, to the west, is the only mill in the valley to remain largely intact; it comprises a four-storey seven-bay stone-built paper mill building, together with a two-storey manager's house and a stable. Many of the valley's mill buildings have now been transformed into desirable residential properties. The village is designated as a Conservation Area.
The Holy Trinity Church was built as a result of public subscription in 1835, to cater for the industrial community. It has an intricately carved screen, made by Rev. Joshua Stansfield in 1892.
Whitebrook today is known for its fine dining restaurant, The Crown at Whitebrook, with owner and chef Chris Harrod. The River Wye AONB surrounds the village, with Lower Hael Wood to the north. Across the river are the hills of west Gloucestershire and the Forest of Dean through which Offa's Dyke Path passes.

## Notable residents

Novelist Julia Gregson lives in the village, which was also the home for some years of Gwydion Thomas, son of poet R. S. Thomas. The poet Paul Groves (born 1947) spent his childhood a mile to the south at The Narth.

## Railways

The Wye Valley Railway went through the village between Monmouth Troy railway station and Chepstow railway station from 1876. Served by Whitebrook Halt railway station which was a request stop on the former Wye Valley Railway. It was built in 1927 to serve the village of Whitebrook and opened in February that year. It was closed in 1959 when passenger services were withdrawn from the Wye Valley Railway. The station came too late to make full use out of the village's industry. Whitebrook had once been home to three paper mills. However, paper making ceased in Whitebrook in the early 1880s, only four years after the line opened in 1876. The halt was not built until long after the closure of the paper mills.
# Charles A. Hill

Charles Augustus Hill (August 23, 1833 – May 29, 1902) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois.
Born in Truxton, New York, Hill attended the common schools and a select school at Griffins Mills. He taught school in Hamburg, New York, and Will County, Illinois. He attended Bell's Commercial College, Chicago, in 1856. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar in Indianapolis, Indiana. He returned to Will County, Illinois, in 1860 and practiced law.
On November 5, 1860, Charles was married to Lydia Melissa Wood, who was born March 11, 1839, in Crete, Illinois. They raised 7 children.
During the Civil War, he enlisted in Company F, Eighth Regiment, Illinois Volunteer Cavalry, in August 1862. He was appointed first lieutenant in the First Regiment, United States Colored Troops. In 1865, he was commissioned captain of Company C of that regiment. He returned to Will County, Illinois, in 1865 and resumed the practice of law in Joliet. Hill was elected prosecuting attorney in 1868 for the counties of Will and Grundy and served four years.
Hill was elected as a Republican to the Fifty-first Congress (March 4, 1889 – March 3, 1891). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1890 to the Fifty-second Congress. He resumed the practice of law in Joliet, Illinois. He served as assistant attorney general of Illinois 1897–1900. He died in Joliet, Illinois, May 29, 1902. He was interred in Oakwood Cemetery.
# Football at the 1997 Summer Universiade

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men's | Italy (ITA) | South Korea (KOR) | United States (USA) |
* This article about an Italian association football competition is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Clarence E. Kilburn

Clarence Evans Kilburn (April 13, 1893 – May 20, 1975) was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from New York.
Kilburn was born in Malone, New York. He graduated from Cornell University in 1916. He enlisted for World War I, completed officer training at Madison Barracks, New York, and received his commission as a second lieutenant of Infantry. Kilburn served in France with the 26th Infantry Regiment, 1st Infantry Division, and later returned to the United States as an instructor in the use of trench mortars. He was discharged at Camp Gordon, Georgia as a captain in 1919.
After the war Kilburn worked for a Malone ice cream and candy wholesaler before beginning a career in banking. In 1930 he was appointed president of the People's Trust Co. of Malone. He was also a member of the board of directors of the Marine Midland Trust Company of Northern New York.
He was elected to Congress in 1940 to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Wallace E. Pierce and served from February 13, 1940, until January 3, 1965.
During his years in Congress, Kilburn was one of the more conservative members of the New York Republican delegation, but was liberal on the issue of foreign aid, like most members of the New York delegation. Kilburn voted against the Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and Civil Rights Act of 1964 (and was the sole member of the New York Congressional delegation to vote against the latter bill), while he did not vote on the Civil Rights Act of 1960 or the 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
He died in Malone, New York, and was buried at Morningside Cemetery.
His father was New York State Senator Frederick D. Kilburn.

## Sources

* ↑ "HR 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957". GovTrack.us.
* ↑ "H.R. 7152. PASSAGE".
* ↑ "HR 8601. PASSAGE".
* ↑ "S.J. RES. 29. CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT TO BAN THE USE OF POLL TAX AS A REQUIREMENT FOR VOTING IN FEDERAL ELECTIONS". GovTrack.us.
* ↑ "Index to Politicians: Kilburn to Kilgo". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2021-01-04.
* United States Congress. "Clarence E. Kilburn (id: K000170)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
# Artturi Koskinen

Eino Artturi Koskinen (9 June 1904, in Karstula – 19 May 1981) was a Finnish smallholder and politician. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1948 to 1958 and again from 1962 to 1970, representing the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP).
# Andrew Tretton

Andrew Tretton (born 9 October 1976) is an English former footballer who played as a defender in the Football League for Shrewsbury Town. He retired in 2007 due to a persistent knee injury. He is now the Commercial Director at Shrewsbury Town.

## Career

Tretton began his career at hometown club Derby County. While with Derby, he was loaned to Southern League Premier Division club Gresley Rovers for one month in September 1997, where he made three appearances.
On 4 July 2002, Tretton signed for Football Conference club Hereford United, on a two-year contract. After three seasons with Hereford, he signed a two-year contract with fellow Conference National club Accrington Stanley in June 2005. He made only seven appearances for the Lancashire club during an injury-ravaged two-year stay, which included a lengthy spell on the sidelines due to a persistent knee injury that ultimately required surgery.
Tretton retired from professional football in April 2007 as a result of his injury problems, receiving an insurance payout from Accrington that meant he was unable to play professionally again. He did briefly feature for part-time AFC Telford United during pre-season in 2007 as he was still able to play semi-professionally, but a move never materialised.

## Career statistics

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Shrewsbury Town | 1997–98 | Third Division | 14 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 1 |
| Shrewsbury Town | 1998–99 | Third Division | 24 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 26 | 0 |
| Shrewsbury Town | 1999–2000 | Third Division | 33 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 37 | 3 |
| Shrewsbury Town | 2000–01 | Third Division | 22 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23 | 2 |
| Shrewsbury Town | 2001–02 | Third Division | 19 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 |
| Shrewsbury Town | Total | Total | 112 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 120 | 6 |
| Hereford United | 2002–03 | Football Conference | 36 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 | 38 | 0 |
| Hereford United | 2003–04 | Football Conference | 22 | 2 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 2 | 0 | 24 | 2 |
| Hereford United | 2004–05 | Conference National | 27 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 3 | 0 | 30 | 1 |
| Hereford United | Total | Total | 85 | 3 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 6 | 0 | 92 | 3 |
| Accrington Stanley | 2005–06 | Conference National | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| Accrington Stanley | 2006–07 | League Two | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Accrington Stanley | Total | Total | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 204 | 9 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 219 | 9 |
* 1 2 3 Appearance in Football League Trophy
* ↑ Appearances in Football Conference play-offs
* ↑ One appearance in Football League Trophy; two appearances in Conference National play-offs
# Thamnasteria

Thamnasteria is a genus of extinct stony corals.

## Species

The following species of Thamnasteria have been described:
* T. abukumaensis
* T. andranomarivensis
* T. aspera
* T. bevoayensis
* T. bonanomii
* T. communis
* T. concinna
* T. concinnaformis
* T. coquandi
* T. cotteaui
* T. defrancei
* T. dendroidea
* T. dumonti
* T. felixi
* T. globosa
* T. gracilis
* T. heterogenea
* T. hoffmeisteri
* T. huzimotoi
* T. imlayi
* T. iranensis
* T. jaccardi
* T. japonica
* T. jezoensis
* T. kobyi
* T. latistellata
* T. leptopetala
* T. lobata
* T. loryi
* T. lyelli
* T. maeandra
* T. mammosa
* T. matsushitai
* T. mettensis
* T. microconos
* T. miyakoensis
* T. moreana
* T. naumanni
* T. nicoleti
* T. ogawaensis
* T. patina
* T. pseudopaliformis
* T. racemosa
* T. rhaetica
* T. rumignyensis
* T. scita
* T. seriata
* T. settsassi
* T. sinuata
* T. sinuosa
* T. smithi
* T. tenuissima
* T. terquemi
* T. tokushimaensis
* T. tonantzinae
* T. torinosuensis
* T. yuraensis

## Fossil records

This genus is known in the fossil record from the Triassic to the Eocene (from about 247.2 to 33.9 million years ago). Fossils of species within this genus have been found in Europe, United States, Canada, China, Japan, Pakistan, Colombia (Coquina Group, La Guajira), India, Thailand, Indonesia, Jordan, Lebanon, Egypt, Madagascar, Russia, Ukraine, Mexico and Peru. M. LeSauvage, the author of the genus was a physician in Caen. He wrote numerous papers on medical subjects but his other interest was in palaeontology and especially the fossils of Calcaires de Caen the type locality of the genus Thamnasteria.
# VCAM-1

Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 also known as vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) or cluster of differentiation 106 (CD106) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VCAM1 gene. VCAM-1 functions as a cell adhesion molecule.

## Structure

VCAM-1 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, the superfamily of proteins including antibodies and T-cell receptors. The VCAM-1 gene contains six or seven immunoglobulin domains, and is expressed on both large and small blood vessels only after the endothelial cells are stimulated by cytokines. It is alternatively spliced into two known RNA transcripts that encode different isoforms in humans. The gene product is a cell surface sialoglycoprotein, a type I membrane protein that is a member of the Ig superfamily.

## Function

The VCAM-1 protein mediates the adhesion of lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils to vascular endothelium. It also functions in leukocyte-endothelial cell signal transduction, and it may play a role in the development of atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Upregulation of VCAM-1 in endothelial cells by cytokines occurs as a result of increased gene transcription (e.g., in response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 (IL-1)) and through stabilization of messenger RNA (mRNA) (e.g., Interleukin-4 (IL-4)). The promoter region of the VCAM1 gene contains functional tandem NF-κB (nuclear factor-kappa B) sites. The sustained expression of VCAM-1 lasts over 24 hours.
Primarily, the VCAM-1 protein is an endothelial ligand for VLA-4 (Very Late Antigen-4 or integrin α4β1) of the β1 subfamily of integrins. VCAM-1 expression has also been observed in other cell types (e.g., smooth muscle cells). It has also been shown to interact with EZR and Moesin.
VCAM-1 is also upregulated if vWF (Von Willebrand Factor) is given in knock-out (KO) ADMATS13 mice but not on mice without KO.
CD106 also exists on the surface of some subpopulations of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC).

## Pharmacology

Certain melanoma cells can use VCAM-1 to adhere to the endothelium, VCAM-1 may participate in monocyte recruitment to atherosclerotic sites, and it is highly overexpressed in the inflamed brain. As a result, VCAM-1 is a potential drug target.
# James Knox (Illinois politician)

James Knox (July 4, 1807 – October 8, 1876) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois.
Born in Canajoharie, New York, Knox was the son of James and Nancy (Ehle) Knox.
Knox entered the Sophomore class of Hamilton College, Clinton, New York, in 1827, and a year later entered the corresponding class at Yale College, the former institution having been temporarily broken up by dissensions. After graduation from Yale in 1830, he studied law with William. H. Maynard and Joshua A. Spencer, in Utica, New York. He was admitted to the bar in 1833 and after May's death became the partner of Spencer.
He moved to Illinois in 1836 and settled in Knoxville, Illinois, Knox County, Illinois, with one of his brothers, whose ill-health soon threw on him an extensive mercantile business, so that his law-practice was abandoned. In the winter of 1841, he was married to Prudence H. Blish, of Wethersfield, Illinois, whose death in 1846 so depressed him that he undertook a variety of additional employments as a relief. He became the proprietor and occasional editor of the village newspaper, engaged extensively in farming, and established a very thriving business in the manufacture of agricultural implements.
In 1846 he was an unsuccessful candidate for US Congress. He served as delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1847. Knox was elected as a Whig to the Thirty-third Congress in and reelected as an Opposition Party candidate to the Thirty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1853 – March 3, 1857). He served as chairman of the Committee on Roads and Canals (Thirty-fourth Congress).
Owing to failing eyesight, he went to Europe in October 1859, and after a successful operation for cataract returned in January 1861. In September 1865, he again visited Europe for an operation on his eyes, and remained until May, 1869; and in 1872-3 made a third foreign visit. He died in Knoxville, after an illness of two weeks, October 9, 1876, aged 69 years. He had no children. He was interred in City Cemetery.
From his ample estate he gave during his lifetime the sum of $10,000 to Yale, $20,000 to Hamilton College, and upwards of $30,000 to educational institutions in his adopted county, including St. Mary's School. He also left in his last will a further sum of money for the promotion of education. The degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred on him by Hamilton College in 1862.
# Teseney subregion

Teseney subregion is a subregion in the western Gash-Barka region (Zoba Gash-Barka) of Eritrea. Its capital lies at barentu .
# Water polo at the 1999 Summer Universiade

Water polo events were contested at the 1999 Summer Universiade in Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men's | Spain (ESP) | Italy (ITA) | Hungary (HUN) |
# The Fourth Avenue Cafe

"The Fourth Avenue Cafe" is the thirtieth single by L'Arc-en-Ciel. Originally expected on March 21, 1997, but due to drug charges against drummer Sakura it was only finally released on August 30, 2006. The single reached number 5 on the Oricon chart. Back in 1997, it was used as the 4th ending theme to the popular Rurouni Kenshin anime series but was removed after a few episodes (for the same reasons listed above) and replaced with the previous ending song "Heart of Sword" by T.M. Revolution. As a result, the song does not appear on any officially released soundtracks for the series.

## Track listing

| # | Title | Length | Lyrics | Music |
| 1 | "The Fourth Avenue Cafe" | 5:03 | Hyde | Ken |
| 2 | "D'ark-en-Ciel" | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| 2-1 | "Dark Song" | 0:00-1:15 | ‐ | Hyde |
| 2-3 | "D･A･R･K ~Dark in My Life~" | 1:16-2:53 | Hyde | Hyde |
| 2-4 | "Accident" | 2:54-3:01 | ‐ | Hyde |
| 2-4 | "Insanity" | 3:02-4:36 | Tetsu | Hyde |
| 2-5 | "From Hell" (Hidden Track) | 16:13-16:52 | | |

## Chart positions

| Chart (2006) | Peak position |
| Japan Oricon | 5 |
# Dariusz Brytan

Dariusz Brytan (born 16 April 1967) is a Polish former professional footballer who played as a forward.

## Club career

He started his career in Metalowiec Janów Lubelski before playing for Stal Stalowa Wola, Polonia Gdańsk, Motor Lublin, KSZO Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, Ceramika Opoczno, RKS Radomsko, Pogoń Staszów, Janowianka Janów Lubelski.
He started a new career as a football trainer and council member in 2004/05, as a panel member on a committee concerning health, education, culture and sport.

## Private life

He is a father of Sebastian Brytan; a former footballer associated with Janowianka Janów Lubelski, KSZO Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski and Stal Kraśnik.
# Dennis J. Kearney

Dennis J. Kearney (born September 25, 1949, in Chelsea, Massachusetts) is an American attorney and politician who served as a Massachusetts state representative and Sheriff of Suffolk County. He finished sixth in the 1983 Boston mayoral election with 7% of the vote. He is currently the President of the law firm Kearney, Donovan & McGee, P.C.
# Nigerien Democratic Front

The Nigerien Democratic Front (French: Front démocratique nigérien, FDN) was a political party in Niger. It published the party journal L'Unité ('Unity').

## History

The party was founded by Zodi Ikhia and his followers on March 6, 1957, assembling the remainder of the Union of Nigerien Independents and Sympathisers. It became a Nigerien affiliate of the African Convention, an inter-territorial political party led by Léopold Sédar Senghor.
The FDN contested the March 1957 Territorial Assembly elections, but received 0.5% of the vote and failed to win a seat.