OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Princess Elisabeth of Saxe-Altenburg (1826–1896)

Princess Elisabeth Pauline Alexandrine of Saxe-Altenburg (26 March 1826 – 2 February 1896) was a daughter of Joseph, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg and his wife Duchess Amelia of Württemberg. By marriage, she became Grand Duchess of Oldenburg.

## Family and early life

Elisabeth was born on 26 March 1826 in Hildburghausen. She was the fourth daughter born to Joseph, the then Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Hildburghausen and his wife Duchess Amelia of Württemberg. Her official title was Princess Elisabeth of Saxe-Hildburghausen until later that year, when her family moved to Altenburg as a result of a transfer of territories among the various branches of the Ernestine Wettins. Elisabeth then took the title Princess Elisabeth of Saxe-Altenburg. In 1834, her father succeeded as Duke of Saxe-Altenburg, but was forced to abdicate in the civil revolution of 1848 due to the conservative, anti-reform nature of his government.
Elisabeth and her siblings were educated by Carl Ludwig Nietzsche, a Lutheran pastor and the father of the famous philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. Her sisters included Queen Marie of Hanover (wife of George V of Hanover) and Grand Duchess Alexandra Iosifovna of Russia (wife of Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia). Through Alexandra, Elisabeth was an aunt of Queen Olga of Greece.

## Marriage

On 10 February 1852, Elisabeth married her second cousin Peter, Hereditary Grand Duke of Oldenburg. He would succeed his father the following year as Grand Duke, making Elisabeth Grand Duchess of Oldenburg. She used funds given to her by her father on the occasion of her marriage to set up the Elisabeth Foundation, which still exists today. This fund established the Elisabeth Children’s Hospital, which she oversaw, and throughout her life she was a patron of numerous charities and organizations focused on the well-being of children, sometimes supplemented by her foundation.
They had two children:
| Name | Birth | Death | Notes |
| Frederick Augustus II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg | 16 November 1852 | 24 February 1931 | married firstly Princess Elisabeth Anna of Prussia and secondly Duchess Elisabeth Alexandrine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. |
| Duke Georg Ludwig of Oldenburg | 27 June 1855 | 30 November 1939 | |
Elisabeth died on 2 February 1896. Her husband died four years later.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Princess Elisabeth of Saxe-Altenburg (1826–1896) :
# Thomas Grant Cretney

Thomas Grant Cretney (August 20, 1870 – April 16, 1938) was an American politician and businessman.
Born in the town of Ridgeway, Iowa County, Wisconsin, Cretney was a building contractor and President of the State Bank of Arena. Cretney was also in the real estate business and had invented and patented a system of traffic signs. Cretney served as president of the village of Ridgeway. In 1915, Cretney served in the Wisconsin State Assembly as a Republican. He then moved to Madison, Wisconsin and served as sergeant at arms in the Wisconsin Assembly. Cretney died in Madison, Wisconsin after a long illness, leaving an estate valued at $13,500.
# Disilane

Disilane is a chemical compound with general chemical formula Si$_2$R$_6$ that was first identified in 1902 by Henri Moissan and Samuel Smiles (1877–1953) where R = H. Moissan and Smiles reported disilane as being among the products formed by the action of dilute acids on metal silicides. Although these reactions had been previously investigated by Friedrich Woehler and Heinrich Buff between 1857 and 1858, Moissan and Smiles were the first to explicitly identify disilane. They referred to disilane as silicoethane. Higher members of the homologous series Si$_n$H$_{2n+2}$ formed in these reactions were subsequently identified by Carl Somiesky (sometimes spelled "Karl Somieski") and Alfred Stock.
At standard temperature and pressure, disilane is a colourless, acrid gas. Disilane and ethane have similar structures, although disilane is much more reactive. Other compounds of the general formula Si$_2$X$_6$ (X = hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, aryl, and mixtures of these groups) are called disilanes. Disilane is a group 14 hydride.

## Synthesis

Disilane is usually prepared by the hydrolysis of magnesium silicide. This reaction produces silane, disilane, and even trisilane. The method has been abandoned for the production of silane, but it remains viable for generating disilane. The presence of traces of disilane is responsible for the spontaneous flammability of silane produced by hydrolysis by this method (analogously diphosphine is often the spontaneously pyrophoric contaminant in samples of phosphine).
It also arises by thermal decomposition disilane via both photochemical and thermal decomposition of silane.
The reduction of Si$_2$Cl$_6$ with lithium aluminium hydride affords disilane in modest yield.

## Applications and reactions

Disilane and silane thermally decompose around 640 °C, depositing amorphous silicon. This chemical vapor deposition process is relevant to the manufacture of photovoltaic devices. Specifically it is utilized in the production of silicon wafers.
More generally, diorganosilanes are produced by reductive coupling of silyl chlorides, e.g.
    2 (CH$_3$)$_3$SiCl + 2 Na → (CH$_3$)$_3$Si−Si(CH$_3$)$_3$ + 2 NaCl
Disilane gas can be used to control pressure of Si vapors during process of graphene growth by thermal decomposition of SiC. Pressure of Si vapors influences quality of produced graphene.
# Wedge Pass

Wedge Pass, also known as Billygoat Pass, 1,430 m (4,690 ft), is a mountain pass in the northern Garibaldi Ranges, the southwesternmost subdivisions of the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains in British Columbia, Canada. Located immediately on the southern flank of Wedge Mountain and to the immediate north of the Spearhead Range, site of the Blackcomb half of the Whistler Blackcomb Ski Area, it connects the head of Wedge Creek (W), a tributary of the Green River with those of Billgoat Creek (E), a tributary of the Lillooet River (as is the Green River). The pass is within Garibaldi Provincial Park and has no road access.
# Bainbridge (CDP), Ohio

Bainbridge is a census-designated place (CDP) in Bainbridge Township, Geauga County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2020 census, the CDP had a population of 9,242.

## History

A variant name of Bainbridge was "Bissells". A post office called "Bissels" was established in 1826, and remained in operation until 1906. Bainbridge derives its name from the naval hero of the War of 1812, Commodore William Bainbridge.

## Geography

Bainbridge is located in southwestern Geauga County at the center of Bainbridge Township. U.S. Route 422, a four-lane expressway, passes through the center of the CDP, leading east 31 miles (50 km) to Warren and west 25 miles (40 km) to downtown Cleveland. Access to US 422 is from Ohio State Route 306 in the center of Bainbridge; 306 leads north 9 miles (14 km) to Chesterland and south 5 miles (8 km) to Aurora.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the Bainbridge CDP has a total area of 3.5 square miles (9.0 km$^2$), of which 3.4 square miles (8.8 km$^2$) is land and 0.077 square miles (0.2 km$^2$), or 2.09%, is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 3,417 people, 1,261 households, and 978 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,013.5 inhabitants per square mile (391.3/km$^2$). There were 1,301 housing units at an average density of 385.9 per square mile (149.0/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.25% White, 0.73% African American, 0.09% Native American, 0.70% Asian, 0.32% from other races, and 0.91% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.61% of the population.
There were 1,261 households, out of which 38.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.6% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.4% were non-families. 20.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.12.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 28.1% under the age of 18, 4.3% from 18 to 24, 24.5% from 25 to 44, 30.1% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.6 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $87,888, and the median income for a family was $96,803. Males had a median income of $67,188 versus $38,469 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $38,229. About 1.7% of families and 2.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 9.6% of those age 65 or over.

## Education

The Kenston School District is the primary education for Bainbridge residents. Schools include:
* Timmons Elementary School (Grades Kindergarten-4)
* Kenston Middle School (Grades 5-7)
* Kenston High School (Grades 8-12)
Bainbridge has a branch of the Geauga County Public Library.

## Notable person

* Louis Rothkopf, businessman, Prohibition bootlegger
# Graham A. Barden

Graham Arthur Barden (September 25, 1896 – January 29, 1967) was a US representative from North Carolina between 1935 and 1961 for the Democratic Party.
Born in Sampson County, North Carolina in 1896, he moved to Burgaw, North Carolina at the age of 12, where he attended public schools. During World War I, Barden was a seaman in the United States Navy.
After leaving the navy in 1919, Barden attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1920. After briefly practicing law and teaching high school that same year, he became a judge in the Craven County courts, a post he held until 1924.
In 1932, Barden was elected to the North Carolina House of Representatives; two years later, he won the first of thirteen consecutive terms in the United States House. During the 78th and 79th Congresses, he chaired the House Education Committee; after that committee merged to become the Education and Labor Committee, he again became chairman in the 81st, 82nd, 84th, 85th, and 86th sessions.
He was a signatory to the 1956 Southern Manifesto that opposed the desegregation of public schools ordered by the Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education.
He chose not to stand for re-election in 1960 and died in New Bern, North Carolina in 1967.
In 1979, Campbell University Press published a biography by Elmer L. Puryear.
Graham A. Barden Elementary School, in Havelock, North Carolina is named after him.
# Megan Egbert

Megan Egbert is an American politician and former librarian serving as a Democratic member of the Idaho House of Representatives from the 17B District since June 2024.

## Political career

Egbert was appointed to the House in May 2024 by Governor Brad Little following the death of Representative Sue Chew, and sworn into office in June 2024.

### Committee assignments

* Commerce & Human Resources
* Environment, Energy & Technology
* Health & Welfare
# Josiah Belden

Josiah Belden (May 4, 1815 – April 23, 1892), known in Spanish as Josías Belden, was a Californian politician and trader. He was born in Connecticut, eventually emigrating to Alta California (then part of Mexico). In California, he became a Mexican citizen, a prominent trader, and a rancho grantee.

## Life

Born in the Upper Houses in Connecticut, Belden was orphaned by the time he was 14. He later moved to St. Louis, Missouri and became a successful businessman. In 1841 he joined the Bartleson-Bidwell Party, the first organized emigrant party to use the California Trail to reach the Mexican province of Alta California. The party was detained at Mission San Jose by General Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo for illegally entering Mexico without valid passports; Vallejo violated his orders to force all American immigrants to leave California, allowing the group to remain after becoming Mexican citizens.
He came in 1842 to Monterey, where Thomas O. Larkin put him in a mercantile store at Santa Cruz and made him his agent. Belden was living in Branciforte (now Santa Cruz), when the USS United States, under the command of Commodore Thomas ap Catesby Jones, captured the nearby Presidio of Monterey on October 20, 1842. Jones appointed Belden alcalde, a political position that combines the functions of a mayor, a judge, and a sheriff. On October 21, Jones discovered that the U.S. and Mexico were not at war, and returned the Presidio back to the Mexican forces; Belden's short term as alcalde also ended.
Belden received the Rancho Barranca Colorado Mexican land grant near Red Bluff in current Tehama County in 1844. In 1846, Belden gave William B. Ide 50 percent ownership of the grant, in exchange for Ide operating the ranch. Belden sold the Ide family the entire rancho in 1849.
In 1848, Belden opened a store in San Jose. After San Jose became the first incorporated city in California, Belden was elected its first mayor on April 8, 1850. He served a single one-year term and was elected to serve as a member of the city's Common Council for a one-year term in 1851. His 11-acre mansion later became the Vendome Hotel.
Belden's letters and journal were published in 1962 as Josiah Belden, 1841 California Pioneer : His Memoir and Early Letters. His grandson, Charles Josiah Belden, was a well-known western photographer. His daughter, Mary, married Capt. Luis F. Emilio, 54th Ma. Infantry.
# István Vámos

István Vámos (born 18 July 1958) is a retired Hungarian gymnast. He competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in all artistic gymnastics events and won a bronze medal with the Hungarian team. Individually his best achievement was 12th place in the vault.
# S-Methylcysteine

S-Methylcysteine is the amino acid with the nominal formula CH$_3$SCH$_2$CH(NH$_2$)CO$_2$H. It is the S-methylated derivative of cysteine. This amino acid occurs widely in plants, including many edible vegetables.

## Natural occurrence

S-Methylcysteine is not genetically coded, but it arises by post-translational methylation of cysteine. One pathway involves methyl transfer from alkylated DNA by zinc-cysteinate-containing repair enzymes.
S-Methylcysteine sulfoxide is an oxidized derivative of S-methylcysteine that is found in onions.

## Other chemical properties

Beyond its biological context, S-methylcysteine has been examined as a chelating agent.
# Ouanne (river)

The Ouanne (French pronunciation:) is an 84 km (52 mi) long river in central France, a right tributary of the Loing.
Its source is near the small town of Ouanne, about 20 km (12 mi) southwest of Auxerre. It flows generally northwest, and joins the Loing in Conflans-sur-Loing, near Amilly.
It crosses the following departments and towns:
* Yonne: Ouanne, Leugny, Moulins-sur-Ouanne, Toucy, Dracy, Villiers-Saint-Benoît, Grandchamp, Saint-Denis-sur-Ouanne, Malicorne, Saint-Martin-sur-Ouanne, Charny, Chêne-Arnoult
* Loiret: Douchy, Triguères, Château-Renard, Gy-les-Nonains, Saint-Germain-des-Prés, Conflans-sur-Loing
# Athletics at the 1995 Summer Universiade – Women's javelin throw

The women's javelin throw event at the 1995 Summer Universiade was held on 3 August at the Hakatanomori Athletic Stadium in Fukuoka, Japan.

## Results

| Rank | Athlete | Nationality | #1 | #2 | #3 | #4 | #5 | #6 | Result |
| | Felicia Țilea | Romania | x | x | 56.72 | 52.82 | 60.82 | 62.16 | 62.16 |
| | Claudia Isăilă | Romania | 58.70 | x | x | 58.30 | 58.68 | 61.74 | 61.74 |
| | Lee Young-sun | South Korea | 48.78 | 55.88 | 59.40 | 58.30 | 53.84 | 61.62 | 61.62 |
| 4 | Liu Cui | China | 56.64 | 59.70 | 59.80 | 56.30 | 55.56 | 58.70 | 59.80 |
| 5 | Mikaela Ingberg | Finland | 57.62 | x | 56.92 | 59.32 | 58.18 | x | 59.32 |
| 6 | Li Lei | China | 55.16 | x | 55.98 | 52.46 | 58.48 | 58.66 | 58.66 |
| 7 | Martine Bègue | France | x | x | 55.06 | 58.24 | x | x | 58.24 |
| 8 | Takako Miyake | Japan | 52.18 | 55.86 | 53.64 | 52.58 | x | 53.58 | 55.86 |
| 9 | Jenny McCormick | United States | 49.88 | 53.24 | 50.16 | | | | 53.24 |
| 10 | Heather Berlin | United States | 49.06 | 49.00 | 52.54 | | | | 52.54 |
| 11 | Lisa Casimir | Dominica | 45.84 | 45.72 | 46.70 | | | | 46.70 |
| 12 | Billor Dulkadir | Turkey | x | 44.54 | x | | | | 44.54 |
| 13 | Johanna Nuembo | Namibia | x | 39.86 | 41.18 | | | | 41.18 |
| | Yuko Kojima | Japan | x | x | x | | | | NM |
| | Rita Ramanauskaitė | Lithuania | | | | | | | DNS |
# Thomas S. Nolan

Thomas S. Nolan (October 11, 1856 – December 24, 1944) was an American lawyer and politician.
Born in Janesville, Wisconsin, Nolan was educated at Ridgetown, Ontario Academy. Nolan practiced law in Janesville, Wisconsin and was a Republican. He served as president of the Janesville Police and Fire Commission. In 1919, Nolan served in the Wisconsin State Assembly. Nolan died in Janesville, Wisconsin.
# Abel Nazario

Abel Nazario Quiñones (born 24 June 1970) is former senator at large of the 26th Senate of Puerto Rico and was mayor of Yauco, Puerto Rico. He was first elected in 2000 representing the New Progressive Party (PNP). He was reelected in 2004 , 2008 and 2012. Nazario was also the vice president of the PNP and also for the local Republican Party. He was arrested on 12 September 2018 by the FBI for illegal appropriation of federal funds.

## Political career

Graduated with a Bachelor's degree in political science and a Master's degree in criminal justice from the Interamerican University of Puerto Rico. Prior to serving as mayor, Nazario served as staff director of the Senate of Puerto Rico Committee on Tourism, chaired by then-senator Enrique Rodríguez Negrón. As such, he was instrumental in the passage of most of the bills in then executive director of the Puerto Rico Tourism Company Luis Fortuño's legislative agenda, including a new Casino Law. Fortuño later on became Governor of Puerto Rico in 2008 in what was the biggest margin of any election in Puerto Rico. On his actual working days, Abel Nazario is known for being one of the many mayors to reduce his salary from $3,000 (2012 amount) to $1,500 (actual salary). He also had other sources of income, including professor of the University of North East (UNE), etc.
He succeeded as senator-at-large in the 2016 General Election. As of 2017, he is the president of the Senate of Puerto Ricos Committee on Education and University Reform|Education and University Reform.

## Arrest and conviction

On 12 September 2018, Senator Nazario was arrested at 6 a.m. by FBI agents as part of an ongoing investigation into misuse of public funds and corruption. After his release from custody while awaiting trial the Senator organized fundraising activities for his legal defense. On March 21, 2020, he was found guilty on 28 of the 31 charges against him. In 2021 he was sentenced to a 18 months in prison and ordered to pay his victims, municipal employees, compensation.
# Q'illu Q'asa (Cochabamba)

Q'illu Q'asa (Quechua q'illu yellow, q'asa mountain pass, "yellow mountain pass", also spelled Khellu Khasa) is a mountain in the Bolivian Andes which reaches a height of approximately 4,200 m (13,800 ft). It is located in the Cochabamba Department, Arani Province, Vacas Municipality. It lies southwest of Qucha Quchayuq Urqu.
# John Reed (early Californian)

John Thomas Reed (born 1805, Dublin, Ireland; died 1843, California) was an early California European settler who was the grantee of Rancho Corte Madera del Presidio in what is now Marin County, California.

## Life

Reed went to Acapulco, Mexico in 1820 to apply for a land grant. In 1826, he arrived in Yerba Buena (later named San Francisco). While awaiting his land grant, he established a San Francisco Bay ferry service using a sailboat.
In 1834, the governor of Alta California José Figueroa granted Rancho Corte Madera del Presidio to Reed. The grant encompassed what is now southern Corte Madera, the Tiburon Peninsula, and Strawberry Point. A large central portion of the Tiburon peninsula is presently known as Ring Mountain, most of which is in public ownership and is habitat for a diverse set of native biota.
Reed constructed the first sawmill in Marin County in 1834. The mill cut wood for the San Francisco Presidio. He also raised cattle and horses and had a brickyard and stone quarry. Reed also did brisk businesses in hunting, skins, tallow, and other products until his death in 1843.

## Family

In 1836, John Reed married Hilaria Sánchez (1817–1872) who was the daughter of the commandant of the Presidio and the sister of alcaldes Francisco Sanchez and José de la Cruz Sánchez. The four children of John and Hilaria Reed were: John Joseph (1837–1899) who married Carlotta Saurez; Hilarita (1839–1908) who married Benjamin Lyford (1841–1906); Maria Inez who married Thomas Boileau Deffebach (1822–1884); and Ricardo who died as a child. Hilaria Sanchez married Bernardino Garcia after Reed's death in 1843.
# Anti Saarepuu

Anti Saarepuu (born 26 March 1983 in Võru) is a retired Estonian cross-country skier who has competed since 2003. He competed at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin and at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver. Saarepuu's best finish at the Winter Olympics was eighth in the individual sprint event at Turin in 2006.
Saarepuu's best finish at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was seventh in the individual sprint event at Liberec in 2009.
His best World Cup finish was seventh in a sprint event at Sweden in 2005.
# Dakota Joe

Dakota Joe or Man and a Colt (Spanish: Un hombre y un Colt) is a 1967 Argentine Spaghetti Western film directed by Tulio Demicheli, produced by Alberto Grimaldi, and starring Robert Hundar, Fernando Sancho, Gloria Milland, Mirko Ellis, Luis Gaspar, and José Canalejas.
It was shot in desierto de Tabernas in Almería; in Manzanares el Real, Seseña and Torrejón de Ardoz in the community of Madrid; and Italy. It is set in Texas and México.

## Cast

* Robert Hundar as Dakota Joe
* Fernando Sancho as Pedro
* Mirko Ellis as Don Carlos
* Gloria Milland as Carmencita
* Marta Reves as Beatrice
* Jacinto Martín
* Paco Morán as Gracián
* Félix Dafauce as Doctor García Gómez
* Antonio Mayans
* Luis Gaspar
* Raf Baldasarre
* Vittoria Di Silverio as Marta
* Ana Cervajal
* Emilio S. Espinosa
* Giovanni Petti
* José Canalejas
* Jesús Guzman as Viajero en la diligencia asaltada
* Simón Arriaga
* Josefina Serratosa as Inés
* Ramón Serrano
* Agustín Bescos
# Jesús García Leoz

Jesús García Leoz (Olite, Navarra, 10 January 1904 – 1953) was a Spanish composer, particularly noted for his film scores. He was a favourite pupil of Joaquín Turina and one of the "músicos del '27."

## Works, editions and recordings

* Cinco canciones para canto e piano (1934) (poems by Juan Paredes)
* Tríptico de canciones para canto e piano (1937) (poems by Lorca)
* Seis canciones para canto e piano (1939) (poems by Antonio Machado)
* Dos canciones para canto e piano (1952) (poems by Juan Ramón Jiménez)
* Symphony
* Sonatina for small orchestra (1945)
* Sonata for Violin and Piano
* String Quartet in F♯ minor (Opus 2)
* Quartet for Piano and Strings
* Piano Sonatina
* La duquesa del candil (1948) zarzuela in three acts (libretto by Guillermo and Rafael Fernández-Shaw)

## Selected filmography

* Fortunato (1942)
* A Palace for Sale (1942)
* I Will Consult Mister Brown (1946)
* The Black Siren (1947)
* Four Women (1947)
* Lady in Ermine (1947)
* Lola Leaves for the Ports (1947)
* The Party Goes On (1948)
* Guest of Darkness (1948)
* Ninety Minutes (1949)
* Night Arrival (1949)
* A Man on the Road (1949)
* Tempest (1949)
* Wings of Youth (1949)
* The Maragatan Sphinx (1950)
* Tales of the Alhambra (1950)
* Day by Day (1951)
* Malibran's Song (1951)
* La trinca del aire (1951)
* The Seventh Page (1951)
* Love and Desire (1951)
* Spanish Serenade (1952)
* Come Die My Love (1952)
* The Call of Africa (1952)
* Devil's Roundup (1952)
* Lovers of Toledo (1953)
* Women's Town (1953)
* Return to the Truth (1956)
* The Sun Comes Out Every Day (1958)