OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Argenta, Emilia–Romagna

Argenta (Argentano: Arzènta) is a town and county in the province of Ferrara, Emilia-Romagna. It is located about 30 kilometres (19 miles) southeast of Ferrara, and midway between Ferrara and Ravenna.

## Geography

Argenta is situated in a flat agricultural region near the Valli di Comacchio lagoon wetlands. Much of the latter is today a wildlife sanctuary and Argenta is home to the Marsh Museum which offers many facilities for ornithology.

## History

The town was founded by the Romans. In 1295 it was the seat of a convention of the main Ghibelline leaders of Romagna to decide the course of the war against the Papal forces.
In 1923 a Fascist squad murdered a Catholic priest, don Giovanni Minzoni, an anti-fascist and the voice of the poor farmers in Romagna, as well as a friend of several socialist politicians like Natale Galba.
During World War II the area was part of the German Gothic Line. In April 1945, in the Allied advance of Operation Roast, it was the location of the Battle of the Argenta Gap.

## Monumenti e luoghi d'interesse
### Aree naturali

* Valley of Campotto
* Valley of Comacchio
* Dock of Porto - Dock of Bando
* Valley of Argenta (Nature Network 2000)

## Società
### Ethnicities and foreign minorities

As of December 31, 2023, the foreign population is 2,609, or 12.36% of the population.

## Twin towns

Argenta is twinned with:
* Castelnau-le-Lez, France, since 2003

## Main sights

* Pieve di San Giorgio, a Palaeo-Christian church on the Reno River.
* Museum of the Valleys of Argenta
* Museo della Bonifica ("Museum of Land Reclamation")
* Duomo di San Nicolò
* San Domenico

## Transportation

Argenta is located on the SS16 Adriatica state highway, which connects it to Ferrara and Ravenna. It has a rail-station on the Ferrara-Rimini railroad.
# Stephanie Chasteen

Stephanie Viola Chasteen (March 25, 1972 – November 3, 2024) was an American physics education researcher and science communicator, known on social media as "sciencegeekgirl".

## Life and work

Chasteen was born on March 25, 1972, in Appleton, Wisconsin. She was educated at Oyster River High School in Durham, New Hampshire, and majored in social psychology at Bard College, graduating in 1995. After serving in the Peace Corps in Guinea, West Africa, she received a Ph.D. from the University of California, Santa Cruz, in 2005, specializing in condensed-matter physics. During her graduate studies, with the support of a fellowship from the American Association for the Advancement of Science, she also interned as a science news reporter at NPR.
After postdoctoral work at the Exploratorium in San Francisco, from 2005 to 2007, she worked for the University of Colorado Boulder Science Education Initiative for over ten years, beginning in 2007. She also worked as a lecturer in physics beginning in 2012. Following this, she became an independent consultant in physics education, remaining active in external evaluation of physics programs.
Chasteen died on November 3, 2024, after a year-long struggle with glioblastoma, a form of brain cancer. She was 52.

## Recognition

Chasteen was the 2024 recipient of the Lillian McDermott Medal of the American Association of Physics Teachers, and was named a Fellow of the American Association of Physics Teachers in 2024.
Chasteen was posthumously named a Fellow of the American Physical Society (APS) in 2024, after a nomination from the APS Topical Group on Physics Education Research, "for significant contributions to physics education research, including groundbreaking work on departmental change, teaching upper-division courses, evaluating and supporting numerous research projects and dissemination programs, and outstanding service to the APS Topical Group on Physics Education Research".
# Wigan St Patricks

Wigan St. Patricks is an amateur rugby league football club based in the Scholes area of Wigan, Greater Manchester. The first team plays in the National Conference League Division One .
In 1986, the club was one of ten founder members of the BARLA National Amateur League (now known as the National Conference League).
The club is renowned for producing talented young players. More than 50 former St Pats players have gone on to play for the town's professional team, Wigan Warriors, and many have gone on to play Test rugby league, the highest level, for Great Britain and England RL including Joe Egan, Andy Gregory, John Fieldhouse, Joe Lydon, Andy Platt, Mike Gregory, Shaun Edwards, Martin Dermott, Shaun Wane, Ian Lucas, Phil Clarke, Chris Joynt, Mick Cassidy, Kris Radlinski, Sean O'Loughlin, Sam Tomkins, Liam Farrell, Josh Charnley, Tom Davies. and also Papua New Guinea international Lachlan Lam.
In 2014, St Pats reached the third round of the Challenge Cup, and were drawn against Leigh Centurions. Although St Pats were drawn at home, the club played the fixture at Leigh Sports Village, as their own ground did not meet the RFL's minimum requirements to host the fixture. St Pats were defeated 6–74.
In January 2015, the club announced that they would not be taking part in the 2015 Challenge Cup, as "it was not in the players or clubs interest to enter the competition this year". Although cup matches against professional opposition usually generate a significant financial windfall for amateur teams, St Pats revealed they had made just £63 from their Challenge Cup game against Leigh in the previous year due to the costs of hosting the game at another venue.
In 2017, St Pats' first round Challenge Cup tie against Leigh Miners Rangers was broadcast online on the BBC Sport website, and was the first time the opening round of the Challenge Cup had been shown live.

## Honours

* National Conference League Premier Division
** Winners (1): 1991–92
* National Conference League Challenge Cup
** Winners (1): 1991–92
* BARLA National Cup
** Winners (1): 1987–88
* BARLA Lancashire Cup
** Winners (1): 1983–84
# Chung Kook-chin

Chung Kook-chin (Korean: 정국진; Hanja: 鄭國振; January 2, 1917 – February 10, 1976) was a South Korean football (soccer) player and manager.
He is a descendant of the Korean athletic legends The Three Boar Brothers. He was a member of the South Korea national football team that participated in the 1948 London Olympics and the 1954 Switzerland World Cup. He was famous in his time for wearing eyeglasses during matches. He played forward and, being able to kick with both feet, was usually positioned on the left wing.
He managed South Korea twice as head coach. The first managing period was in 1959 during 1960 Olympics football qualification, and his second tenure included the 1964 Olympics football tournament.
He became Vice President of the Korea Football Association shortly before his death.
# Bobby Hill (cricketer)

Robert Gribben Hill (15 July 1938 — 19 November 2017) was a Scottish first-class cricketer and administrator.
Hill was born in at Kilmarnock in July 1938 and was educated there at Kilmarnock Academy. A club cricketer for Kilmarnock Cricket Club, he made his debut for Scotland in first-class cricket against Warwickshire at Edinburgh in 1963, with Hill making two further appearances in that year against the touring Pakistan Eaglets and Ireland. He made three further appearances in first-class cricket for Scotland, against Warwickshire on Scotland's 1964 and 1965 tours of England, and finally against Surrey at The Oval on Scotland's 1969 tour of England. Playing as a batsman in the Scottish side, Hill scored 105 runs in his six first-class matches at an average of 11.66; he made one half century, a score of 50 against Warwickshire in 1964.
After finishing his playing career, Hill served as the manager of the Scottish cricket team in the late 1990s, managing the team at the 1997 ICC Trophy and the 1999 Cricket World Cup. Hill was also Chairman of Selectors for the Scottish national team, and served on the first board of Cricket Scotland, which had replaced the Scottish Cricket Union in April 2001. Outside of cricket, he was a research chemist. Hill died at Kilmarnock in November 2017.
# Albert Emon

Albert Emon (born 24 June 1953) is a French football manager and former player. He was most recently in charge of the Ligue 1 club AC Ajaccio.

## Club career

As a player, Emon won the Ligue 1 with Olympique de Marseille in 1972 and the Coupe de France in 1980 with AS Monaco. Emon also played for Stade de Reims and Olympique Lyonnais.

## International career

Emon won eight caps and scored one goal for the France national team.

## Coaching career

Emon coached Olympique Marseille in 2007 before being replaced by Eric Gerets. On 7 June 2009, he signed a three-year contract with AS Cannes.
# Homidia similis

Homidia similis is a species of slender springtail in the family Entomobryidae.
# Archaeogeryon

Archaeogeryon is an extinct genus of crab from the Miocene.
# Charles E. Morris

Charles E. Morris was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

## Biography

Morris was born in Utica, New York in 1814. In 1839, he settled in what would become Sheboygan, Wisconsin, where he was an attorney. Later, Morris briefly worked as a merchant in Quincy, Illinois before returning to Sheboygan. He died there on August 8, 1902. He was elected county judge of what would be Sheboygan County, Wisconsin in 1843. He would serve three terms in the position. Morris was a member of the Assembly during the 1848 session. He was a Democrat.
# Joe White (South Carolina politician)

Joe White (born 1945) is an American businessman and politician who is serving as a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from the 40th district.

## Personal life and career

Born in Rockwood, Tennessee, White served in the U.S. Air Force during the Vietnam War. While in the USAF, on February 23, 1968, Joe married his childhood sweetheart, Linda Friel. After an honorable discharge, he returned to college, completing his B.S. degree at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville. Upon graduation, he worked for Sears. Following five years with Sears, White became a sales representative for the pharmaceutical company, Beecham Laboratories. After five years with Beecham, Joe, and his wife, started their own small business, which they grew to a 6 location, 65 employee business over the next 35 years. White retired from that enterprise in 2017. Joe and Linda have two children, Christopher Neil White, and Robin White Soster, as well as six grandchildren.

## Political career

White defeated incumbent Rick Martin in the 2022 Republican primary, and the second place finisher in the 2022 Republican primary runoff, receiving 53% of the total vote. He was unopposed in the general election and was sworn in on December 6, 2022.
White serves on the House Medical, Military, Public and Municipal Affairs Committee.
In 2023, White was one of 21 Republican co-sponsors of the South Carolina Prenatal Equal Protection Act of 2023, which would make women who had abortions eligible for the death penalty.
# Glória do Goitá

Glória do Goitá is a city in Pernambuco, Brazil. It is located in Zona da mata Pernambucana at 75 km of the state capital Recife.

## Geography

* State - Pernambuco
* Region - Zona da mata Pernambucana
* Boundaries - Feira Nova, Paudalho and Lagoa do Itaenga (N); Vitória de Santo Antão (S); Chã de Alegria (E); Passira (W)
* Area - 231.19 km$^2$
* Elevation - 158 m
* Hydrography - Capibaribe River
* Vegetation - Caducifólia forest
* Climate - Hot, tropical, and humid
* Annual average temperature - 24.4 c
* Distance to Recife - 75 km

## Economy

The main economic activities in Glória do Goitá are based in industry, commerce and agribusiness, especially plantations of sugarcane, coconuts, manioc, and the raising of cattle, goats, sheep and poultry.

### Economic indicators

| Population | GDP x(1000 R$). | GDP pc (R$) | PE |
| 28.289 | 78.692 | 2.872 | 0.13% |
Economy by sector (2006)
| Primary sector | Secondary sector | Service sector |
| 14.05% | 9.34% | 76.61% |

### Health indicators

| HDI (2000) | Hospitals (2007) | Hospitals beds (2007) | Children's mortality every 1000 (2005) |
| 0.636 | 1 | 21 | 17.4 |
# Mohawk M-1-C

The Mohawk M1C (variously named Pinto, Redskin or Spurwing) was a 1920s American two or three-seat low-wing monoplane designed and built by Mohawk Aero Corporation of Minneapolis, Minnesota. One M1C was evaluated by the United States Army Air Corps in 1930 as the YPT-7 Pinto for use as a primary trainer.

## Design and development

The M1C was a three-seat low-wing cantilever monoplane which was available with an open cockpit (as the Pinto) and enclosed cockpit (as the Redskin). The first variant was the M1C-K powered by a 100 hp (75 kW) Kinner K-5 or a 100 hp (75 kW) Wright engine. One aircraft was modified for evaluation by the United States Army Air Corps as the YPT-7 Pinto.
A two-seat variant the M1C-W was also produced with a 110 hp (82 kW) Warner Scarab engine. The first one was the aircraft evaluated by the Army and re-engined. In 1930 the company went bankrupt and was taken over by the R R Rand Jr.

## Variants
### M1C-K

    Kinner K-5 powered variant, five built.

### M1C-W

    Warner Scarab powered variant, one modified from M1C-K and two more built.

### YPT-7

    United States Army Air Corps designation for one M1C-K for evaluation in 1930 the Kinner K-5 engine given the military designation YR-370-1.

## Specifications (M1C-K)

Data from Specifications of American Commercial Airplanes
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Capacity: 1 passenger
* Length: 24 ft 2 in (7.37 m)
* Wingspan: 34 ft 11 in (10.64 m)
* Height: 7 ft 7 in (2.31 m)
* Wing area: 145 sq ft (13.5 m$^2$)
* Empty weight: 1,125 lb (510 kg)
* Gross weight: 1,800 lb (816 kg)
* Powerplant: 1 × Kinner K-5 , 90 hp (67 kW)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 115 mph (185 km/h, 100 kn)
* Cruise speed: 95 mph (153 km/h, 83 kn)
* Range: 550 mi (890 km, 480 nmi)
* Service ceiling: 18,000 ft (5,500 m)
* Rate of climb: 1,100 ft/min (5.6 m/s)
# Nicolás Fernández (footballer, born 2003)

Pablo Nicolás Fernández Sosa (born 6 February 2003) is a Uruguayan professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Progreso.

## Club career

Fernández is a youth academy graduate of Rentistas. He made his professional debut for the club on 1 March 2021 in a 5–0 league defeat against Plaza Colonia.

## International career

Fernández is a former Uruguay youth international. In October 2021, he was called up to the Uruguay under-20 team for friendlies against Costa Rica and Honduras.
On 1 September 2024, Fernández made his debut for Uruguay A' national team in a 1–1 draw against Guatemala.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 19 June 2022
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Rentistas | 2020 | Uruguayan Primera División | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Rentistas | 2021 | Uruguayan Primera División | 1 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Rentistas | 2022 | Uruguayan Primera División | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 14 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 17 | 0 |
* ↑ Appearance in Copa Libertadores.
# Orchesella semitaeniata

Orchesella semitaeniata is a species of slender springtail in the family Entomobryidae.
# Han Hong-ki

Han Hong-ki (Korean: 한홍기; 1924 – 1996) was a South Korean football player and manager. He was the South Korea national team manager and manager of POSCO FC.

## Honours
### Managerial

South Korea
* Asian Games: 1970
# Taschereau, Quebec

Taschereau (French pronunciation:) is a municipality in northwestern Quebec, Canada in the Abitibi-Ouest Regional County Municipality. It covers 246.97 km$^2$ and had a population of 898 as of the Canada 2021 Census.
The municipality was incorporated on December 27, 2001, when the Village Municipality of Taschereau and the Municipality of Taschereau were amalgamated. It is named after Louis-Alexandre Taschereau.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1931 | 468 | — |
| 1941 | 1,059 | +126.3% |
| 1951 | 890 | −16.0% |
| 1956 | 737 | −17.2% |
| 1961 | 646 | −12.3% |
| 1966 | 732 | +13.3% |
| 1971 | 551 | −24.7% |
| 1976 | 507 | −8.0% |
| 1981 | 541 | +6.7% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1986 | 511 | −5.5% |
| 1991 | 476 | −6.8% |
| 1996 | 460 | −3.4% |
| 2001 | 514 | +11.7% |
| 2006 | 996 | +93.8% |
| 2011 | 981 | −1.5% |
| 2016 | 963 | −1.8% |
| 2021 | 898 | −6.7% |
Between 2001 and 2006, The village of Taschereau was merged with the municipality of Taschereau Source: Statistics Canada :
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents (2021): 425 (total dwellings: 460)
Mother tongue (2021):
* English as first language: 0.6%
* French as first language: 98.9%
* English and French as first language: 0%
* Other as first language: 0.6%

## Government

Municipal council (as of 2023):
* Mayor: Michael Otis
* Councillors: Mathieu Cloutier, Zacharie Cloutier-Julien, Henri Lampron, Julien Chalifoux, Patrick Landry, Sylvain Cameron
List of former mayors (since formation of current municipality):
* Jean-Marie Poulin (2001–2009)
* Lucien Côté (2009–2013, 2017–2021)
* Manon Luneau (2013–2017)
* Michaël Otis (2021–present)
# Avcılı, Elâzığ

Avcılı is a village in the Elazığ District of Elazığ Province in Turkey. Its population is 124 (2021).
# Clark C. Abt

Clark C. Abt (born 31 July 1929) is a German-born American researcher. He became an American citizen in 1945, at age 16, and is known for first formalizing the concept and usages of serious games.

## Biography

Abt left Germany for the United States in 1937. In 1947, he applied as an aeronautics student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he graduated in 1951. He then served four months in the merchant navy as a seaman, then spent a year at Johns Hopkins University as an English teacher, eventually obtaining a master's degree in the Writing, Discourse and Drama Department for his thesis, titled A Year of Poems. In 1965, he earned a PhD from MIT in political science. He founded Abt Associates immediately afterwards.
He married Wendy Peter on November 3, 1971, fathering a son and daughter. His son is Thomas Abt, a senior research fellow focusing on evidence-informed crime research at the Harvard Kennedy School.

## Works

Abt is known for his book Serious Games (1970), where he formally established a basis for the concept of serious game.
In this work and subsequent ones, he described sports games, role playing games and (then marginal) computer games as mediums for educative, political or marketing ideas. This interest probably stemmed from Abt's involvement with the development of TEMPER, an early computer wargame designed for a Cold War context.
# Tom Penny (rugby union)

Tom Penny (born 13 October 1994) is an English rugby union player who plays for Newcastle Falcons in the Premiership Rugby.
Penny started playing rugby aged four at Alnwick, a club he represented up to the age of 16 along with his school rugby at RGS Newcastle. He joined the Falcons' junior academy at the age of 11, also playing for England Under-18s at international level.
He made his first team debut for Newcastle in the 2013–14 Anglo-Welsh Cup. He scored his first two tries in his debut in the European Rugby Challenge Cup against Romanian side Bucuresti Wolves back in October 2014. He made his Premiership Rugby debut from off the bench against Saracens back in December 2014.
A broken arm and then a serious knee ligament injury restricted Penny to just a single senior appearance during the 2016–17 season.
On 27 December 2019, Penny signed for Harlequins for the remainder of the 2019–20 season. He made his debut for Harlequins on the starting XV against Clermont Auvergne in the 2019–20 European Rugby Champions Cup.
On 25 August 2020, Penny resigns with his hometown club Newcastle Falcons on a two-year deal from the 2020–21 season.
# N1 road (Central African Republic)

The N1 road also designated as RN1, is a road in Central African Republic that spans a total distance of 498 kilometers. Originating in the capital city of Bangui, the road extends northwest, ultimately terminating at the international border with Chad, near the town of Békoro. As a key component of the country's road network, the N1 facilitates connectivity between the capital and the northeastern regions, playing a role in the nation's economic and social development.

## Route

The N1 route commences in the heart of Bangui, the capital city of the Central African Republic, near the Ubangi River, which forms the border with the Democratic Republic of Congo. Notably, there is no bridge at this location. Initially, the N1 is a single-lane asphalt road within Bangui, but as it exits the city, it diverges into two routes, with the N2 branching off towards the eastern part of the country.
Beyond Bangui, the N1 traverses the flat savannah landscape, reaching the town of Bossembélé after approximately 140 kilometers. At this point, the N3 route splits off towards the west. The road remains paved between Bangui and Bossembélé but transitions to an unpaved surface north of Bossembélé.
The terrain along this stretch is characterized by flat to gently sloping land, punctuated by shallow riverbeds with larger trees and sparse shrub and low forestation elsewhere. The dirt road is narrow and poorly developed, leading to the town of Bossangoa after around 150 kilometers. Here, a bridge crosses the Ouham River, and the road remains unpaved.
North of Bossangoa, the N1 curves slightly northwest, continuing as a dirt road for nearly 200 kilometers until reaching the border with Chad. The rolling savannah landscape persists, becoming increasingly arid towards the north. The border crossing is informal, and on the Chadian side, the road extends as a dirt road towards N'Djamena.

## History

The N1 route is intended to be the primary thoroughfare connecting Bangui, the capital of the Central African Republic, to N'Djamena, the capital of Chad. However, the majority of the road is unpaved and often challenging to navigate, with only the initial 150 kilometers from Bangui to Bossembélé being asphalted. The paved section was first introduced in the late 1970s with assistance from the World Bank, following a tender process in 1978. The primary objective of this project was to enhance the country's import and export capabilities via the port of Douala in Cameroon, in conjunction with the N3 route.
Prior to the paving of the N1, a mere 20% of the country's exports were transported through Douala. At the time, it was anticipated that this figure could increase to 50% by 1995. Nevertheless, due to conflicts and financial constraints, the full asphalting of the N1-N3 connection to Cameroon was not completed until 2020, significantly delaying the realization of these economic goals.