# Regional Municipality of Halton

The Regional Municipality of Halton, or Halton Region, is a regional municipality in Ontario, Canada, located in the Golden Horseshoe of Southern Ontario. It comprises the city of Burlington and the towns of Oakville, Milton, and Halton Hills. Policing in the Region is provided by the Halton Regional Police Service. The regional council's headquarters are located in Oakville. Burlington, Oakville, and Milton are largely urban and suburban, while Halton Hills is more rural.
Halton is part of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), although it is the only regional municipality in the GTA that is not situated directly adjacent to Toronto’s city proper. However, the region is split between the census metropolitan areas (CMAs) of Toronto and Hamilton. Burlington is part of the Hamilton CMA, while the rest of the region is part of the Toronto CMA.
Halton experienced a growth rate of 17.1% between 2001 and 2006, and 14.2% between 2006 and 2011, giving it one of the highest growth rates in the country. Despite the unprecedented growth in residential development, agriculture and protected lands along the Niagara Escarpment are still the predominant land uses in the region. Halton has been ranked by Maclean's national crime ranking report as being the "safest place to live" in the GTA and one of the top five in Canada.

## History

The Regional Municipality of Halton was established on 1 January 1974 as the successor to the former Halton County by the Regional Municipality of Halton Act, 1973. From 1 January 2003, it has been governed by the Municipal Act.
Until the 2000 municipal elections, the chairperson of the regional council had been appointed by the Ontario government. From that date, it has been an elective position. Joyce Savoline was the last appointed chairperson, and was elected and reelected until her retirement from the position in 2006. The current regional chairperson is Gary Carr.

## Regional council

The council consists of the elected chairperson, the mayors of the local municipalities, and regional councillors elected by wards from the local municipalities (who also sit on their respective municipal councils).
The current membership of the council is as follows:
| Municipality | Chairperson | Mayor | Regional councillors |
| City of Burlington | Gary Carr | Marianne Meed Ward | Kelvin Galbraith Lisa Kearns Rory Nisan Shawna Stolte Paul Sharman Angelo Bentivegna |
| Town of Oakville | Gary Carr | Rob Burton | Sean O'Meara Cathy Duddeck Dave Gittings Allan Elgar Jeff Knoll Tom Adams Pavan Parmar |
| Town of Milton | Gary Carr | Gordon Krantz | Colin Best Rick Malboeuf Mike Cluett Zeeshan Hamid |
| Town of Halton Hills | Gary Carr | Ann Lawlor | Jane Fogal Clark Somerville |

## Regional services

Halton Region provides the following services to its communities:
* Economic development
* Emergency planning
* Regional planning and growth management
* Recycling and waste
* Regional roads
* Sewage (wastewater) collection systems and treatment plants
* Water purification plants and distribution systems
* Housing supports and services
* Children and parenting
* Employment and financial assistance
* Ontario Works (social services)
* Services for seniors
* Paramedic services
* Public health
* Immunizations and preventable diseases
* Food safety
* Halton Regional Police Service
In 2018, the Region had 27 emergency vehicles and 254 paramedics; the latter answered 53,094 paramedic calls. The Police service had 721 police officers; its 911 call centre received 121,971 reports of emergency.

## Geography

While the urban areas of Burlington, Oakville and Milton are experiencing rapid growth, there is still a significant proportion of the Region that is still rural, most of which is protected as part of the provincial Greenbelt or as part of the Niagara Escarpment Plan.
Halton is somewhat unusual, in that it has three distinct climate zones within its relatively small area, which are as follows:
* Zone 5a - Halton Hills lying to the north of the Niagara Escarpment, together with the Town of Milton within the Grand River watershed
* Zone 5b - the remainder of Halton Hills, Milton north of Derry Road, and that part of Burlington lying north of the Niagara Escarpment
* Zone 6a - the southern remainder of the Region

### Climate

Climate data for Burlington TS Climate ID: 6151064; coordinates 43°20′N 79°50′W﻿ / ﻿43.333°N 79.833°W﻿ / 43.333; -79.833﻿ (Burlington TS), elevation: 99.1 m (325 ft); 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1866–present :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 18.4 (65.1) | 17.9 (64.2) | 27.2 (81.0) | 32.0 (89.6) | 36.1 (97.0) | 38.9 (102.0) | 41.1 (106.0) | 38.3 (100.9) | 37.8 (100.0) | 31.1 (88.0) | 26.7 (80.1) | 22.0 (71.6) | 41.1 (106.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −0.6 (30.9) | 0.8 (33.4) | 5.2 (41.4) | 12.4 (54.3) | 19.4 (66.9) | 25.0 (77.0) | 28.0 (82.4) | 26.7 (80.1) | 21.8 (71.2) | 15.1 (59.2) | 8.0 (46.4) | 2.4 (36.3) | 13.7 (56.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −4.4 (24.1) | −3.2 (26.2) | 1.0 (33.8) | 7.5 (45.5) | 13.9 (57.0) | 19.4 (66.9) | 22.5 (72.5) | 21.4 (70.5) | 16.9 (62.4) | 10.4 (50.7) | 4.4 (39.9) | −1 (30) | 9.1 (48.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −8.1 (17.4) | −7.1 (19.2) | −3.3 (26.1) | 2.6 (36.7) | 8.3 (46.9) | 13.8 (56.8) | 16.9 (62.4) | 16.1 (61.0) | 11.9 (53.4) | 5.7 (42.3) | 0.7 (33.3) | −4.3 (24.3) | 4.4 (39.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −30.6 (−23.1) | −29.4 (−20.9) | −27.2 (−17.0) | −14.4 (6.1) | −7.2 (19.0) | 0.0 (32.0) | 1.1 (34.0) | 1.7 (35.1) | −3.9 (25.0) | −11.1 (12.0) | −22.8 (−9.0) | −27.8 (−18.0) | −30.6 (−23.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 66.0 (2.60) | 54.5 (2.15) | 61.6 (2.43) | 70.6 (2.78) | 81.0 (3.19) | 69.1 (2.72) | 75.3 (2.96) | 82.0 (3.23) | 83.1 (3.27) | 71.9 (2.83) | 84.9 (3.34) | 63.0 (2.48) | 863.1 (33.98) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 31.8 (1.25) | 33.0 (1.30) | 44.7 (1.76) | 68.2 (2.69) | 81.0 (3.19) | 69.1 (2.72) | 75.3 (2.96) | 82.0 (3.23) | 83.1 (3.27) | 71.9 (2.83) | 79.7 (3.14) | 43.5 (1.71) | 763.3 (30.05) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 34.2 (13.5) | 21.5 (8.5) | 16.9 (6.7) | 2.4 (0.9) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 5.3 (2.1) | 19.5 (7.7) | 99.9 (39.3) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 12.4 | 9.6 | 11.0 | 12.5 | 11.8 | 10.9 | 10.1 | 10.2 | 10.9 | 10.7 | 13.9 | 11.9 | 135.8 |
| Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 4.9 | 4.5 | 8.0 | 11.7 | 11.8 | 10.9 | 10.1 | 10.2 | 10.9 | 10.7 | 12.7 | 7.7 | 113.9 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) | 8.1 | 6.0 | 3.6 | 0.84 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 5.4 | 25.5 |
| Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada ||||||||||||||
Climate data for Georgetown WWTP (Halton Hills) Climate ID: 6152695; coordinates 43°28′34″N 79°52′45″W﻿ / ﻿43.47611°N 79.87917°W﻿ / 43.47611; -79.87917﻿ (Georgetown WWTP); elevation: 221 m (725 ft); 1981–2010 normals :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.0 (62.6) | 15.5 (59.9) | 25.0 (77.0) | 31.5 (88.7) | 34.5 (94.1) | 36.0 (96.8) | 37.0 (98.6) | 36.5 (97.7) | 35.5 (95.9) | 29.5 (85.1) | 22.0 (71.6) | 20.5 (68.9) | 37.0 (98.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −1.7 (28.9) | −0.2 (31.6) | 4.6 (40.3) | 12.1 (53.8) | 19.1 (66.4) | 24.4 (75.9) | 26.9 (80.4) | 25.8 (78.4) | 21.4 (70.5) | 14.3 (57.7) | 7.3 (45.1) | 1.1 (34.0) | 12.9 (55.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −6.3 (20.7) | −5.2 (22.6) | −0.9 (30.4) | 6.0 (42.8) | 12.3 (54.1) | 17.4 (63.3) | 20.0 (68.0) | 19.0 (66.2) | 14.8 (58.6) | 8.4 (47.1) | 2.8 (37.0) | −2.9 (26.8) | 7.1 (44.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −10.9 (12.4) | −10.2 (13.6) | −6.4 (20.5) | −0.2 (31.6) | 5.3 (41.5) | 10.4 (50.7) | 13.0 (55.4) | 12.1 (53.8) | 8.1 (46.6) | 2.4 (36.3) | −1.7 (28.9) | −6.9 (19.6) | 1.3 (34.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −33.0 (−27.4) | −31.5 (−24.7) | −28.0 (−18.4) | −13.0 (8.6) | −5.0 (23.0) | −0.5 (31.1) | 3.0 (37.4) | 0.0 (32.0) | −4.0 (24.8) | −8.5 (16.7) | −15.5 (4.1) | −29.5 (−21.1) | −33.0 (−27.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 67.8 (2.67) | 60.0 (2.36) | 57.2 (2.25) | 76.5 (3.01) | 79.3 (3.12) | 74.8 (2.94) | 73.5 (2.89) | 79.3 (3.12) | 86.2 (3.39) | 68.3 (2.69) | 88.5 (3.48) | 65.9 (2.59) | 877.4 (34.54) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 29.7 (1.17) | 28.4 (1.12) | 35.2 (1.39) | 71.3 (2.81) | 79.0 (3.11) | 74.8 (2.94) | 73.5 (2.89) | 79.3 (3.12) | 86.2 (3.39) | 67.8 (2.67) | 79.9 (3.15) | 36.4 (1.43) | 741.5 (29.19) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 38.1 (15.0) | 31.7 (12.5) | 22.1 (8.7) | 5.2 (2.0) | 0.3 (0.1) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.5 (0.2) | 8.6 (3.4) | 29.5 (11.6) | 135.9 (53.5) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 12.6 | 9.4 | 10.6 | 12.4 | 11.9 | 11.2 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 11.7 | 12.3 | 13.3 | 12.3 | 138.9 |
| Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 4.1 | 4.1 | 6.4 | 11.6 | 11.8 | 11.2 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 11.7 | 12.2 | 11.4 | 6.5 | 112.1 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) | 9.4 | 6.2 | 4.8 | 1.4 | 0.04 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.27 | 2.5 | 6.9 | 31.5 |
| Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada ||||||||||||||
Climate data for Oakville Southeast WPCP Climate ID: 615N745; coordinates 43°29′N 79°38′W﻿ / ﻿43.483°N 79.633°W﻿ / 43.483; -79.633﻿ (Oakville Southeast WPCP); elevation: 86.9 m (285 ft); 1981–2010 normals :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 13.9 (57.0) | 15.6 (60.1) | 27.5 (81.5) | 32.0 (89.6) | 33.0 (91.4) | 38.0 (100.4) | 37.0 (98.6) | 37.5 (99.5) | 35.0 (95.0) | 28.9 (84.0) | 23.3 (73.9) | 22.0 (71.6) | 38.0 (100.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −0.4 (31.3) | 0.6 (33.1) | 4.7 (40.5) | 11.3 (52.3) | 17.9 (64.2) | 23.2 (73.8) | 26.3 (79.3) | 25.2 (77.4) | 20.9 (69.6) | 14.3 (57.7) | 8.3 (46.9) | 2.8 (37.0) | 12.9 (55.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −4.7 (23.5) | −3.9 (25.0) | 0.1 (32.2) | 6.4 (43.5) | 12.3 (54.1) | 17.7 (63.9) | 20.9 (69.6) | 20.1 (68.2) | 15.6 (60.1) | 9.3 (48.7) | 4.0 (39.2) | −1.3 (29.7) | 8.1 (46.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −8.9 (16.0) | −8.3 (17.1) | −4.5 (23.9) | 1.5 (34.7) | 6.8 (44.2) | 12.1 (53.8) | 15.4 (59.7) | 15.0 (59.0) | 10.2 (50.4) | 4.3 (39.7) | −0.2 (31.6) | −5.5 (22.1) | 3.2 (37.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −30.0 (−22.0) | −25.0 (−13.0) | −22.0 (−7.6) | −14.4 (6.1) | −3.3 (26.1) | 1.1 (34.0) | 7.0 (44.6) | 3.0 (37.4) | −1.7 (28.9) | −7.0 (19.4) | −14.0 (6.8) | −27.0 (−16.6) | −30.0 (−22.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 59.8 (2.35) | 46.7 (1.84) | 54.4 (2.14) | 65.2 (2.57) | 73.9 (2.91) | 71.0 (2.80) | 75.8 (2.98) | 78.3 (3.08) | 73.5 (2.89) | 70.0 (2.76) | 79.3 (3.12) | 58.8 (2.31) | 806.7 (31.76) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 31.5 (1.24) | 30.7 (1.21) | 37.2 (1.46) | 63.1 (2.48) | 73.9 (2.91) | 71.0 (2.80) | 75.8 (2.98) | 78.3 (3.08) | 73.5 (2.89) | 70.0 (2.76) | 76.8 (3.02) | 43.9 (1.73) | 725.6 (28.57) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 28.3 (11.1) | 16.1 (6.3) | 17.2 (6.8) | 2.1 (0.8) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 2.5 (1.0) | 14.9 (5.9) | 81.0 (31.9) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 9.6 | 7.2 | 9.0 | 11.1 | 10.4 | 10.3 | 8.8 | 9.8 | 10.2 | 10.4 | 11.1 | 9.7 | 117.6 |
| Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 4.4 | 3.8 | 6.4 | 10.6 | 10.4 | 10.3 | 8.8 | 9.8 | 10.2 | 10.4 | 10.6 | 6.8 | 102.4 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) | 5.6 | 3.7 | 3.2 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 3.4 | 17.6 |
| Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

As a census division in the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Regional Municipality of Halton had a population of 596,637 living in 208,601 of its 214,322 total private dwellings, a change of 8.8% from its 2016 population of 548,435. With a land area of 965.71 km$^2$ (372.86 sq mi), it had a population density of 617.8/km$^2$ (1,600.2/sq mi) in 2021. The unemployment rate was 5.3% during the year. The average household income was very high, at $121,000.
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1976 | 228,497 | — |
| 1981 | 253,883 | +11.1% |
| 1986 | 271,389 | +6.9% |
| 1991 | 313,136 | +15.4% |
| 1996 | 339,875 | +8.5% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 2001 | 375,229 | +10.4% |
| 2006 | 439,256 | +17.1% |
| 2011 | 501,669 | +14.2% |
| 2016 | 548,435 | +9.3% |
| 2021 | 596,637 | +8.8% |
Population counts are not adjusted for boundary changes. Source: Statistics Canada :
Panethnic groups in the Regional Municipality of Halton (2001−2021) :
| Panethnic group | 2021 | 2021 | 2016 | 2016 | 2011 | 2011 | 2006 | 2006 | 2001 | 2001 |
| Panethnic group | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % |
| European | 374,375 | 63.48% | 396,525 | 73.3% | 401,580 | 81.06% | 375,400 | 86.22% | 338,060 | 90.78% |
| South Asian | 81,245 | 13.78% | 50,075 | 9.26% | 31,860 | 6.43% | 18,570 | 4.27% | 10,115 | 2.72% |
| East Asian | 39,330 | 6.67% | 26,545 | 4.91% | 16,295 | 3.29% | 12,400 | 2.85% | 7,430 | 2% |
| Middle Eastern | 27,785 | 4.71% | 16,695 | 3.09% | 8,390 | 1.69% | 5,010 | 1.15% | 2,640 | 0.71% |
| Black | 20,430 | 3.46% | 15,230 | 2.82% | 10,970 | 2.21% | 8,100 | 1.86% | 5,660 | 1.52% |
| Southeast Asian | 17,295 | 2.93% | 14,040 | 2.6% | 10,855 | 2.19% | 6,300 | 1.45% | 3,145 | 0.84% |
| Latin American | 11,495 | 1.95% | 8,945 | 1.65% | 6,315 | 1.27% | 3,760 | 0.86% | 1,550 | 0.42% |
| Indigenous | 5,890 | 1% | 5,455 | 1.01% | 4,010 | 0.81% | 2,640 | 0.61% | 1,800 | 0.48% |
| Other | 11,940 | 2.02% | 7,470 | 1.38% | 5,175 | 1.04% | 3,210 | 0.74% | 2,010 | 0.54% |
| Total responses | 589,770 | 98.85% | 540,975 | 98.64% | 495,440 | 98.76% | 435,400 | 99.12% | 372,410 | 99.25% |
| Total population | 596,637 | 100% | 548,435 | 100% | 501,674 | 100% | 439,256 | 100% | 375,229 | 100% |
| Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses |||||||||||

## Economy
### Labour force

Employment activity :
| | 2006 | 2001 | 1996 |
| Participation rate | 71.9% | 72.1% | 76.8% |
| Employment rate | 68.5% | 69.3% | 72.8% |
| Unemployment rate | 4.7% | 4.0% | 5.1% |
Employment by industry :
| | 2006 | 2001 | 1996 |
| Agriculture and resources | 4,180 | 3,935 | 2,870 |
| Construction | 12,060 | 41,540 | 8,085 |
| Manufacturing | 31,635 | 41,540 | 33,235 |
| Wholesale trade | 18,915 | 38,440 | 14,760 |
| Retail trade | 27,245 | 38,440 | 22,175 |
| Financial and real estate | 23,030 | 19,550 | 16,150 |
| Health care and social services | 19,535 | 29,935 | 15,870 |
| Educational services | 17,060 | 29,935 | 13,250 |
| Business services | 53,975 | 45,120 | 31,045 |
| Other services | 39,565 | 32,935 | 31,490 |
| Total | 247,200 | 211,455 | 188,930 |

### Agriculture

Trend per Census of Agriculture :
| Type | 2011 | 2011 | 2011 | 2011 | 2011 | 2011 | 2006 | 2006 | 2006 | 2006 | 2006 | 2006 | 2001 |
| Type | Halton Hills | Milton | Burlington | Oakville | Total | % change | Halton Hills | Milton | Burlington | Oakville | Total | % change | Total |
| Number of farms | 169 | 209 | 70 | 21 | 469 | 15.6% | 206 | 260 | 79 | 21 | 566 | 8.5% | 619 |
| Total area of farms (in hectares) | 15,436 | 11,289 | 3,259 | 2,216 | 32,200 | 10.5% | 16,747 | 12,592 | 4,306 | 2,331 | 35,976 | 10.0% | 39,966 |
| Area of land in crops | 12,507 | 8,288 | 2,106 | 2,057 | 24,958 | 8.6% | 13,353 | 8,741 | 3,084 | 2,133 | 27,311 | 10.4% | 30,469 |
| Gross farm receipts ($ millions) | 39.99 | 57.36 | 23.24 | 3.35 | 123.94 | 6.1% | 57.75 | 40.52 | 30.61 | 3.16 | 132.04 | 6.7% | 141.47 |
| Total cattle and calves | 2,672 | 1,854 | x | x | 4,907 | 52.0% | 3,571 | 2,725 | 3,919 | 0 | 10,215 | 11.8% | 11,581 |
| Total pigs | x | x | x | x | x | N/A | x | x | x | x | 3,508 | 43.9% | 6,254 |
x = suppressed for reasons of confidentiality
Halton's agricultural sector is supported by regional infrastructure such as the Port of Hamilton which is a growing agri-food hub for the import of agricultural inputs and the export of local crops.

### 2018 economic report

The 2018 budget document contains additional specifics and updates as to the Region's finances. In that year, gross revenues were $1.2 billion while operating expenses totaled $821.5 million for a net revenue of $350.2 million, an increase of 1.2% over the previous year. The increase was mostly due to increases in grants and taxes. The Region included over 13,200 companies and employed over 229,000 persons. The credit rating of AAA was confirmed by S&P Global Ratings and Moody's Investors Service.