OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Günther Wolkenaer

Günther Wolkenaer (August 1958 – March 2016) is a West German slalom canoeist who competed from the late 1970s to the late 1980s. He won two bronze medals at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships, earning them in 1985 (C-2) and 1987 (C-2 team).
He died in March 2016 at the age of 57, three days after an accident with a two horse cart in the Dolomites on 21 March.
# Hannes Koch

Hannes Koch (12 February 1935 – 26 December 1994) was a German racewalker. He competed in the men's 20 kilometres walk at the 1960 Summer Olympics.
# Ole Iversen

Ole Iversen (21 February 1884 – 9 March 1953) was a Norwegian gymnast who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics. As a member of the Norwegian team, he won the silver medal in the gymnastics team event in 1908.
# Mikkel Dobloug (skier)

Mikkel Dobloug (born 7 July 1944) is a Norwegian Nordic combined skier.
He was born at Vang, and represented the club Vang Skiløperforening. He competed at the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, where he placed 21st in the individual Nordic combined. He became Norwegian champion in individual Nordic combined in 1966.
# Ronald Webster Park

Ronald Webster Park is a sports venue in The Valley, Anguilla. It is currently used mostly for football matches, although most years the Leeward Islands cricket team play one of their matches in the Regional Four Day Competition on this ground. The stadium holds 4,000.

## Overview

According to the March 2009 edition of The Wisden Cricketer magazine, the ground "is reputed to have the best pitch in the Caribbean for pace and even bounce. If the rumours are believed, it has something to do with meticulous rolling at night under the light of a full moon".
# Ragnar Olsen

Ragnar Olsen (13 March 1914 – 9 July 1990) was a Norwegian racewalker who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Kjetil Ulven

Kjetil Ulven (born 16 November 1967) is a Norwegian ski-orienteering competitor and world champion. He won a gold medal in the relay event at the World Ski Orienteering Championships in Val di Non in 1994, together with Lars Lystad, Harald Svergja and Vidar Benjaminsen. He received a bronze medal in the short distance in Windischgarsten in 1998, and a bronze medal in the middle distance in Borovetz in 2002.
# Nils Dag Strømme

Nils Dag Strømme (29 July 1945 – 5 March 2022) was a Norwegian boxer. He competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1972 Summer Olympics. At the 1972 Summer Olympics he lost to Gabriel Pometcu of Romania. Strømme died on 5 March 2022, at the age of 76.
# Kaare Strøm (athlete)

Kaare Strøm (18 April 1915 – 29 June 1982) was a Norwegian long jumper and triple jumper.
His personal best triple jump was 15.49 metres, achieved in August 1939 at Bislett stadion. With this he was a European record holder for a period, beating the old mark by Vilho Tuulos by one centimetre. Strøm also had a 15.82 metres jump in September 1939 in Gothenburg, albeit with an illegal wind assistance of about 8 m/s. For comparison, 15.49 metres is better than the gold medal-winning results at the 1934, 1938, 1946 and 1950 European Athletics Championships, and also better than the winning result at the 1948 Summer Olympics. His result was a Norwegian record until Odd Bergh jumped 15.63 metres in 1962. Strøm won silver medals at the Norwegian championships in 1935 and 1936, both times behind Eugen Haugland, and became Norwegian champion in 1938 and 1939. Then, no Norwegian championships were staged until 1946 because of World War II. He won the bronze medal in 1947 and a silver medal in 1949 behind Rune Nilsen.
His personal best long jump was 7.465 metres, achieved in September 1937 at Bislett stadion. Representing the club IK Grane, he took the silver medal at the Norwegian championships in 1938, behind Nils Uhlin Hansen, and in 1939 he won the gold medal ahead of Nils Uhlin Hansen and Eugen Haugland. Then, no Norwegian championships were staged until 1946.
Strøm was a pharmacist by profession.
# Driss el-Yazami

Driss el-Yazami (born 1952 in Fez, Morocco) is a Moroccan human rights activist. He was President of the National Council of Human Rights (CNDH) in Morocco between March 2011 and December 2018.

## Career and activism

In the mid-1970s, the young el-Yazami spent three months in the prisons of Hassan II, having been expelled from France after leading a radical left strike. His younger brother was imprisoned in Kenitra.
He has held senior positions in several institutions and bodies in Morocco as well as international associations and organizations.
El-Yazami was formerly a member of the Equity and Reconciliation Commission of the Advisory Council on Human Rights and member of the Board of Directors of the Three Cultures Foundation (Spain).

## Honours

Decorated by King Mohammed VI of Wissam Al Moukafaa Al Wataniya of the Order of Grand Officer and Wissam Al Arch of the Order of Commander. Driss El Yazami is an Officer of the Legion of Honor of the French Republic, under foreign personalities, and Officer of the Order of Leopold, he highest division of Belgium.
# Rabha El Haymar

Rabha El Haymar (Arabic: رابحة الحيمر) is a Moroccan activist who campaigns for the rights of illegitimate children. A film of her campaign by Deborah Perkin was shown on Moroccan TV and the resulting acclaim led to her recognition as an International Woman of Courage in 2024.

## Life

El Haymar was not married when she became a mother and this birth was outside the societal norms then present in Morocco. The family code known as the Moudawana reinforces the country's pariarchy. Her child would not have been entitled to the same rights as a child with married parents. El Haymar set out to address this and this was encouraged by the Moroccan 2004 family code introduced by King Mohammed VI.
The story of El Haymar's struggles was filmed by Deborah Perkin and the resulting work was titled "Bastards". After the documentary was broadcast on Moroccan TV it attracted national and international attention concerning the rights of Moroccan children born to unmarried parents.
El Haymar's action and her willingness to stand up as an unmarried mother was recognised in 2024 when she became an International Woman of Courage (IWOC). The award was made in March 2024 by the US Secretary of State Antony Blinken in Washington DC. The award was welcomed by the Morrocan ambassador to the US, Youssef Amrani, and his counterpart, Puneet Talwar, the US Ambassador to Morocco. After the IWOC ceremony the awardees are invited to take part in the State department's International Visitor Leadership Program where they meet each other and others interested in their work.
Further proposals for reform of Morocco's family code have been called for by Mohammed VI. If he supports the proposals, they will be sent to the government and parliament for legal definition to become part of the Moroccan family code.
# Shabbat pedestrian crossing

A Shabbat pedestrian crossing or hands-free pedestrian crossing is an automatically controlled device which allows Orthodox Jews to use pedestrian crossings on Shabbat.
The first such crossing is to be installed in the north London suburb of Finchley.
The need for such a device arises for Jews who observe Sabbath laws and are prohibited from operating electrical machinery. Instead of having to press an electric button to operate the crossing system, the traffic lights will automatically turn red giving a chance for pedestrians to cross.
Similar arrangements also occur in other places. In Highland Park, New Jersey, pedestrian crossing lights cycle automatically on the Sabbath, though they are operated by buttons during the week.
# St Mark's Church, Natland

St Mark's Church is in the village of Natland, Cumbria, England. It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Kendal, the archdeaconry of Westmorland and Furness, and the diocese of Carlisle. The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building.

## History

The first church in the village was built in 1246, and this was replaced by a new church on a different site in 1735. This was replaced again in 1825 on the site of the present church. This church was designed by the Kendal architect George Webster. As the size of the local population increased, the church became inadequate for its congregation, and in 1908 it was decided to demolish it and replace it with a larger building. The Lancaster architects Austin and Paley were commissioned to design the new church. The foundation stone was laid on 29 June 1909, and the new church was consecrated by the bishop of Carlisle on 7 November 1910. It provided seating for 259 people, and cost about £5,000 (equivalent to £800,000 in 2023).

## Architecture
### Exterior

St Mark's is constructed in Lancaster sandstone and in stone from Darley Dale. It is roofed with green slate, and has a stone ridge. Its architectural style is late Decorated-early Perpendicular. The plan consists of a four-bay nave, north and south aisles, a south porch, a three-bay chancel with a vestry to the north, and a west tower. The tower is in three stages on a plinth with diagonal buttresses, and has a battlemented parapet, At the northeast corner of the tower is a stair turret, also battlemented, that rises higher than the tower. The windows on the sides of the church have two lights, the east window has five lights, and all are under pointed heads.

### Interior

The porch leads into the base of the tower. Between the entrance and the font is a large round column, the south pier of the tower; the north pier is built into the wall. The arcades are carried on alternate round and octagonal piers, the capitals being decorated with carved square flowers. The altar rails, the stalls, the pulpit, the pews, and the font were all designed by Austin and Paley. The font is carved from a single piece of stone. The stained glass in the east window is a memorial to the Second World War; it was designed by Gerald E. R. Smith and made in the studio of A. K. Nicholson. In the south wall is a window designed for the Millennium by Sarah Sutton that depicts Adam lay ybounden. The two-manual pipe organ was made by Conacher of Huddersfield, and was partly rebuilt in 1987 by Holmes and Swift.

### Appraisal

This was the last major village church to be designed by the practice before the death of Hubert Austin. It received praise from the architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner who said it was "as good as any of the churches by the best church architects of those years, say Temple Moore". Assessing the plans for the Incorporated Church Building society in 1908 J Oldrid Scott and C. Hodgson Fowler stated "Highly approved".
# Peter A. Abeles

Peter Aron Abeles (February 15, 1886 – September 12, 1952) was a Jewish Romanian-American lawyer, politician, and judge.

## Life

Abeles was born on February 15, 1886, in Oltenița, Kingdom of Romania, the son of Aron Abeles and Rebecca Isser. He immigrated to America in 1895.
Abeles attended DeWitt Clinton High School. He started working as an accountant in around 1904. He then attended New York University School of Law, graduating from there in 1909. He was admitted to the bar in 1914 and began practicing law in New York City.
In 1918, Abeles was elected to the New York State Senate as a Republican with the endorsement of the Democratic Party, representing New York's 22nd State Senate district (parts of Bronx County). He served in the Senate in 1919 and 1920. From 1924 to 1935, he was a Special U.S. Attorney of the Department of Justice and worked with the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals. In 1935, Mayor La Guardia appointed him to the Magistrate's Court. Abeles and La Guardia were friends for many years. In 1941, he was reappointed to the court for a ten-year term.
Abeles was a member of the Bronx Bar Association, the Independent Order of B'nai B'rith, the Zionist Order of America, the New York State Association of Magistrates, the Freemasons, and was a director of the Hebrew Home for Chronic Invalids. In 1913, he married Minerva Lobel. Their children were Audrey Lobel, Lowell Isser, Sheldon Abbott, Rodman Brandon, and Arynne Lucy. Minerva was co-leader of the Fusion Party in the Bronx.
Abeles died from a heart ailment while in a stationery store, where he went to make a telephone call, on September 12, 1952.
# Sinclair Pass

Sinclair Pass (el. 1,486 m or 4,875 ft) is a high mountain pass in Kootenay National Park between the Columbia and Kootenay Rivers to the northeast of present-day Radium Hot Springs in the province of British Columbia, Canada.

## History

It was named after James Sinclair, a fur trading merchant from Red River colony. In 1841, under the guidance of Cree chief Maskepetoon, Sinclair travelled through the pass while leading an expedition consisting of 121 people from 23 Métis families from Red River Colony. They were hired by the Pugets Sound Agricultural Company to settle outside Cowlitz Farm and Fort Nisqually in modern Washington state. This was an attempt to get the northern bank of the Columbia River awarded to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in any potential settlement in the Oregon boundary dispute.
# Psilorhynchus pavimentatus

Psilorhynchus pavimentatus is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, from the headwaters of Ann Chaung drainage in Myanmar. This species reaches a length of 5.0 cm (2.0 in).
# Jonathan Fisher (disambiguation)

Jonathan Fisher (1768–1847) was an American religious leader.
Jonathan Fisher may also refer to:
* Jonathan Fisher (painter) (1740–1809), Irish
* Jonathan Fisher (priest) (fl. 1805), Archdeacon of Barnstaple
* Jonathan Fisher (barrister), English lawyer
* Jonathan Fisher (Jeopardy! contestant), a contestant on Jeopardy!
# Franz Wagner (footballer)

Franz Wagner (23 September 1911 – 8 December 1974) was an Austrian footballer who played as a midfielder.
He earned 18 caps for the Austria national football team and participated in the 1934 FIFA World Cup. After the annexation of Austria by Germany, he earned 3 caps for the Germany national football team, and participated in the 1938 FIFA World Cup. He spent his club career at SK Rapid Wien.
# Athletics at the 1985 Summer Universiade – Men's javelin throw

The men's javelin throw event at the 1985 Summer Universiade was held at the Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium in Kobe on 1 and 2 September 1985. It was the last time the old model javelin was used by men at the Games.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Dumitru Negoiță Romania | Wolfram Gambke West Germany | Jean-Paul Lakafia France |

## Results
### Qualification

| Rank | Group | Athlete | Nationality | Result |
| 1 | ? | Sejad Krdžalić | Yugoslavia | 79.76 |
| 2 | ? | Wolfram Gambke | West Germany | 79.38 |
| 3 | ? | Jean-Paul Lakafia | France | 79.16 |
| 4 | ? | Kazuhiro Mizoguchi | Japan | 78.92 |
| 5 | ? | Dumitru Negoiţă | Romania | 77.50 |
| 6 | ? | Mike Mahovlich | Canada | 77.20 |
| 7 | ? | Ramon González | Cuba | 76.86 |
| 8 | ? | Fabio Michielon | Italy | 74.44 |
| 9 | ? | Aleksey Gritskevich | Soviet Union | 74.16 |
| 10 | ? | Carlos Cunha | Portugal | 73.58 |
| 11 | ? | Michael Collins | United States | 72.94 |
| 12 | ? | Peter Blank | West Germany | 71.12 |
| 13 | ? | Craig Christianson | United States | 71.08 |
| 14 | ? | Zhao Ming | China | 69.80 |
| 15 | ? | Masaji Okada | Japan | 67.76 |
| 16 | ? | Mike Brennan | Canada | 62.06 |
| 17 | ? | Erastus Mogoa | Kenya | 57.98 |
| 18 | ? | Ariful Hoque | Bangladesh | 52.90 |

### Final

| Rank | Athlete | Nationality | Result |
| | Dumitru Negoiţă | Romania | 84.62 |
| | Wolfram Gambke | West Germany | 84.46 |
| | Jean-Paul Lakafia | France | 82.96 |
| 4 | Sejad Krdžalić | Yugoslavia | 82.24 |
| 5 | Ramon González | Cuba | 82.16 |
| 6 | Kazuhiro Mizoguchi | Japan | 81.14 |
| 7 | Aleksey Gritskevich | Soviet Union | 78.92 |
| 8 | Mike Mahovlich | Canada | 78.02 |
| 9 | Michael Collins | United States | 75.92 |
| 10 | Peter Blank | West Germany | 71.80 |
| 11 | Fabio Michielon | Italy | 68.58 |
| 12 | Carlos Cunha | Portugal | 68.26 |
# Haga Station

Haga Station may refer to:
* Haga station (Gothenburg), a railway station in Gothenburg, Sweden
* Haga Station (Norway), a railway station in Nes, Norway
# Tony and the Beetles

"Tony and the Beetles" is a science fiction short story by American writer Philip K. Dick, first published in Orbit Science Fiction, No.2, in 1953.
The story is told from the point of view of a young boy, Tony, living on an alien world that humans have conquered. The native species are beetle like creatures called the Pas-udeti, some of whom Tony has befriended. As news reaches the planet that the war has turned against the humans, Tony attempts to carry on his daily life, to disastrous effect.
# Howard C. Nolan Jr.

Howard C. Nolan Jr. (August 24, 1932 – June 17, 2023) was an attorney and politician from Albany, New York who served in the New York State Senate from 1975 to 1994.

## Early life

Howard Charles Nolan Jr. was born in Albany, New York, on August 24, 1932, the son of Howard C. Nolan Sr. and Helen (Burke) Nolan. He graduated from Christian Brothers Academy in Albany in 1950, the College of the Holy Cross in 1954, and Albany Law School in 1957. Nolan was admitted to the bar in 1958 and served in the United States Marine Corps from 1957 to 1960, attaining the rank of first lieutenant in the Judge Advocate Division. After returning from the military Nolan practiced law in Albany, and later was a co-founder of Nolan & Heller, LLP.

## Career

A Democrat, in 1974 he was elected to the New York State Senate from the 42nd District. Nolan was reelected every two years until 1992, and served from 1975 to 1994. He did not run for reelection in 1994. In 1977, Nolan ran unsuccessfully for mayor of Albany, losing the Democratic primary to longtime incumbent Erastus Corning 2nd. During his time in the state senate, Nolan was one of the few Democrats who opposed the pro-choice position on abortion.
A longtime civic activist, Nolan served on the Board of Trustees for St. Peter’s Hospital. He also served on the board of directors of the State of New York Mortgage Agency, the Community Foundation for the Capital Region, and WMHT (TV). Nolan was chairman of the board of the Cerebral Palsy Foundation and the Center for the Disability Services, and was a member of the Marine Corps League, the Knights of Columbus, the Ancient Order of Hibernians, and the Albany Chamber of Commerce. In addition, he maintained an interest in horse racing, was the owner of several thoroughbreds, and served as president of New York Thoroughbred Breeders, Inc. and chairman of Breeders' Cup Ltd. One Nolan initiative while in the senate combined his interest in criminal justice policy with his background in horse racing; In conjunction with the New York State Department of Corrections and Community Supervision, he created the Thoroughbred Retirement Foundation in Wallkill, which provides sanctuary for retired racehorses and the opportunity for inmates to build life skills by participating in a vocational training program.

## Retirement and death

In retirement, Nolan lived in Delmar, New York and Pompano Beach, Florida. He died in Fort Lauderdale, Florida on June 17, 2023. He was buried at Gerald B. H. Solomon Saratoga National Cemetery.
Nolan was the subject of a memoir and biography, 2018's Politics and Ponies by Bill Heller.

## Family

Nolan was married first to Geraldine Leonard, with whom he was the father of seven children. They later divorced, and she died in 2016. Nolan's second wife was Shannon Logan, who survived him.
# James T. McFarland

James T. McFarland (March 13, 1930 – January 15, 2015) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.

## Life

He was born on March 13, 1930, in Buffalo, New York. He graduated B.S. from Canisius College in 1951, and J.D. from University of Buffalo Law School in 1954. He served in the U.S. Army from 1954 to 1956. Then he practiced law in Buffalo. He married Geraldine T. Walsh, and they have four children.
McFarland entered politics as a Republican, and became an aide to Assemblyman William E. Adams in 1964. In November 1964, Adams was defeated for re-election, but in November 1965 Adams was elected to the State Senate, and McFarland was elected to Adams's old Assembly seat. McFarland was a member of the New York State Assembly from 1966 to 1972, sitting in the 176th, 177th, 178th and 179th New York State Legislatures.
He was a member of the New York State Senate from 1973 to 1978, sitting in the 180th, 181st and 182nd New York State Legislatures.
He was a member of the New York State Civil Service Commission from 1978 to 1987; and of the New York Public Service Commission from 1987 to 1992.
He died of Alzheimer's disease on January 15, 2015, in Getzville, New York at age 84.
# Differential pulse-code modulation

Differential pulse-code modulation (DPCM) is a signal encoder that uses the baseline of pulse-code modulation (PCM) but adds some functionalities based on the prediction of the samples of the signal. The input can be an analog signal or a digital signal.
If the input is a continuous-time analog signal, it needs to be sampled first so that a discrete-time signal is the input to the DPCM encoder.
* Option 1: take the values of two consecutive samples; if they are analog samples, quantize them; calculate the difference between the first one and the next; the output is the difference.
* Option 2: instead of taking a difference relative to a previous input sample, take the difference relative to the output of a local model of the decoder process; in this option, the difference can be quantized, which allows a good way to incorporate a controlled loss in the encoding.
Applying one of these two processes, short-term redundancy (positive correlation of nearby values) of the signal is eliminated; compression ratios on the order of 2 to 4 can be achieved if differences are subsequently entropy coded because the entropy of the difference signal is much smaller than that of the original discrete signal treated as independent samples.
DPCM was invented by C. Chapin Cutler at Bell Labs in 1950; his patent includes both methods.

## Option 1: difference between two consecutive quantized samples

The encoder performs the function of differentiation; a quantizer precedes the differencing of adjacent quantized samples; the decoder is an accumulator, which if correctly initialized exactly recovers the quantized signal.

## Option 2: analysis by synthesis

The incorporation of the decoder inside the encoder allows quantization of the differences, including nonlinear quantization, in the encoder, as long as an approximate inverse quantizer is used appropriately in the receiver. When the quantizer is uniform, the decoder regenerates the differences implicitly, as in this simple diagram that Cutler showed: