OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Academic genealogy

An academic genealogy (or scientific genealogy) organizes a family tree of scientists and scholars according to mentoring relationships, often in the form of dissertation supervision relationships, and not according to genetic relationships as in conventional genealogy. Since the term academic genealogy has now developed this specific meaning, its additional use to describe a more academic approach to conventional genealogy would be ambiguous, so the description scholarly genealogy is now generally used in the latter context.

## Overview

The academic lineage or academic ancestry of someone is a chain of professors who have served as academic mentors or thesis advisors of each other, ending with the person in question. Many genealogical terms are often recast in terms of academic lineages, so one may speak of academic descendants, children, siblings, etc. One method of developing an academic genealogy is to organize individuals by prioritizing their degree of relationship to a mentor/advisor as follows: (1). doctoral students, (2). post-doctoral researchers, (3). master's students and (4). current students, including undergraduate researchers.
Through the 19th century, particularly for graduates in sciences such as chemistry, it was common to have completed a degree in medicine or pharmacy before continuing with post-graduate or post-doctoral studies. Until the early 20th century, attaining professorial status or mentoring graduate students did not necessarily require a doctorate or graduate degree. For instance, the University of Cambridge did not require a formal doctoral thesis until 1919, and academic genealogies that include earlier Cambridge students tend to substitute an equivalent mentor. Academic genealogies are particularly easy to research in the case of Spain's doctoral degrees, because until 1954 only Complutense University had the power to grant doctorates. This means that all holders of a doctorates in Spain can trace back their academic lineage to a doctoral supervisor who was a member of Complutense's Faculty.
Websites such as the Mathematics Genealogy Project or the Chemical Genealogy document academic lineages for specific subject areas, while some other sites, such as Neurotree and Academic Family Tree aim to provide a complete academic genealogy across all fields of academia.

## Influence

Academic genealogy may influence research results in areas of active research. Hirshman et al. examined a controversial medical question, the value of maximal surgery for high grade glioma, and demonstrated that a physician's medical academic genealogy can affect his or her findings and approaches to treatment.
# L'Epée Clocks

L'Epée is a Swiss-based luxury brand with offices in Delémont, Canton Jura. It specializes in manufacturing mechanical clocks.

## History

In 1839, Auguste L’Epée (1798–1875) and Pierre-Henri Paur (from Geneva) founded the L’Epée Manufacture in Sainte-Suzanne, Doubs Department, located in eastern France. At the time, the manufacturer produced horological products and music boxes.
Patents under the L’Epée name include an 1888 music box and a 1935 mechanical clock movement.
Swiza SA, which already owned Swiza 1904 and Matthew Norman, bought the L’Epée brand in 2008.
In 2024, L’Epée was acquired by luxury conglomerate LVMH under its watches division.
# Armand Marquiset

Armand Marquiset (September 29, 1900, in the château of Montguichet near Paris – July 14, 1981, in Burtonport, Ireland) was a French philanthropist, humanitarian and nobleman.
He founded several non-profit organizations, for example Les petits frères des Pauvres (1946), a large French charity that takes care of elderly people, and Frères des Hommes (1965).
# Win Myint (politician, born 1954)

Wunna Kyawhtin Win Myint (Burmese: ဝင်းမြင့်) is a Burmese politician, businessman and former Minister for Commerce of Myanmar. He is also owner of the Shwe Nagar Min Company, Zeyashwemye Football Club and former chairman of the Union of Myanmar Federation of Chambers of Commerce and Industry (UMFCCI).
# Louis Lombard-Gérin

Louis Lombard-Gérin (4 June 1848, Lyon - 4 November 1918, Lyon) was a French engineer involved in pioneering the trolley bus.
Born Louis Lombard, he married Emma Gérin on 24 August 1874. They had seven sons together. He originally worked as a construction engineer specialising in carpentry and iron constructions.

## Electrobus

Lombard-Gérin designed the Electrobus which was put into production by the Compagnie de Traction par Trolley Automoteur. It was showcased at the Exposition Universelle in 1900. The electrobus incorporated what was known as the Lombard-Gérin system.
An electrically powered pantograph trolley drove synchronously on the overhead contact line in front of the trolley, relieving the ten-meter-long transmission cable - unlike the previously known trailing cables - from the mechanical pull. The contact car itself weighed 18 kilograms and was operated with three-phase current. It did not get its drive energy directly from contact with the contact line, but from electromagnetic induction from drive motors of the car. This required six or seven lines of connecting cable. The three-phase current required for the contact carriage was generated from the alternating current circuit of one of the series motors and was therefore dependent on the driving speed. In addition, the trolley had its own brake, which was operated via a contact on the drive switch, so that synchronous operation was also possible on inclines or slopes. In the Lombard-Gérin system, the distance between the two catenary wires was 30 centimeters; the overhead contact line was suspended from seven-meter-high masts. The two wires made of hard-drawn copper were each 8.25 millimeters in diameter.
# Roanoke Symphony Orchestra

The Roanoke Symphony Orchestra, also known as the "RSO", was established in 1953 by Gibson Morrissey and a number of other music lovers. Gibson Morrissey served as the conductor until his death in 1975.
The Roanoke Symphony Orchestra has professional musicians who are awarded positions through competitive auditions.

## Conductors

* 1953–1975 Gibson Morrissey
* 1975–1986 Jack Moehlenkamp
* 1986–1995 Victoria Bond
* 1996–Present David S. Wiley

## Concertmasters

* 1953
* Jim Glazebrook
* 2004–Present Akemi Takayama

## Roanoke Youth Symphony

The Roanoke Youth Symphony has three ensembles: The Roanoke Youth Symphony Orchestra (RYSO); the String Ensemble and the Flute Ensemble. The RSO and the Roanoke City Schools were joint recipients of the 2015 Yale Distinguished Music Educator Award. It has performed various programs for students of the area.

### Roanoke Youth Symphony Orchestra

The Roanoke Youth Symphony Orchestra (RYSO) was established in 1956, and is the only professional orchestra training opportunity in western Virginia. This is a student orchestra made of more than 80 musicians, ranging in ages from 12 to 18. James Glazebrook has been the director since 1988. Musicians gain membership through annual auditions and may perform with the RYSO through their high school graduation.

### String Ensemble

The String Ensemble was established in 1985 and is composed of about 50 string players ranging from ages 8 to 15. They rehearse weekly under the guidance and instruction of Ms. Michelle Smith Johnson.

### Flute Ensemble

The Flute Ensemble was established in 2008, and is under the direction and instruction of Julee Hickcox, Principal Piccolo of the Roanoke Symphony Orchestra.

## Roanoke Symphony Chorus

The Roanoke Symphony Chorus was established in 1999 under the direction of Dr. John Hugo. In 2015, the "RSO's Holiday Pops" reaches over 6,000 music lovers in Virginia. The C Choir of the Roanoke Valley Children's Choir also participates with the RSO in the Holiday Pops each year.

## Support

The Roanoke Symphony Orchestra concerts and education programs are supported in part by the Virginia Commission for the Arts and the National Endowment for the Arts. The RSO is also supported by a number of local community groups, as well as "The Friends of the RSO"; the "New River Valley Friends of the RSO" and the Virginia Blue Ridge Musical Festival."
# Putilov Stal-11

The Stal-11 (Stal – steel) was a high speed transport aircraft / reconnaissance aircraft designed and built in the USSR from 1933.

## Development

The Stal-11 was intended to carry four passengers with mail and baggage as well as fulfil a military reconnaissance role. The Stal-11 was constructed using an Enerzh-6 stainless steel built-up truss covered with Delta-wood for the fuselage, and an all-wood wing with built-up ribs. Two spars and very smooth skinning completed the structure. The prototype was completed in the autumn of 1936, flight trials commencing shortly after, with wheels and skis. Results of the approximately 300 flight tests were promising but the aircraft was expensive to build, with high running costs so no production was authorised.

## Specifications (Stal-11

Data from Gunston, Bill. "Encyclopaedia of Russian Aircraft 1875-1995". London:Osprey. 1995. ISBN 1-85532-405-9
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Capacity: four passengers
* Length: 12.5 m (41 ft 0 in)
* Wingspan: 15 m (49 ft 2.5 in)
* Wing area: 31 m$^2$ (333.7 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 1,830 kg (4,034 lb)
* Gross weight: 2,700 kg (5,952 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × M-100A , 626.4 or 641.3 kW (840 or 860 hp)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 430 km/h (267 mph, 232 kn)
* Cruise speed: 370 km/h (230 mph, 200 kn)
* Range: 1,000 km (621 mi, 540 nmi)
* Service ceiling: 8,000 m (26,250 ft)
# Lucas Monzón (Uruguayan footballer)

Lucas Gabriel Monzón Lemos (born 29 September 2001) is a Uruguayan professional footballer who plays as a defender for Racing Montevideo.

## Club career

Born in Jaguarão, Brazil, Monzón began his career in the youth ranks of Juventud prior to joining Danubio. A youth academy graduate of Danubio, Monzón made his professional debut on 14 August 2020 in Danubio's 2–1 win against Montevideo City Torque.
In April 2021, Monzón joined Montevideo Wanderers on a season long loan deal. On 29 June 2021, Monzón made his debut for Wanderers, appearing as a starter in a 1-0 victory over Cerrito.
On 5 August 2021, Monzón joined Major League Soccer club New York Red Bulls on a loan deal until the end of 2022 season. On 18 July 2022, New York and Monzón mutually agreed to terminate his loan at the club early.

## International career

Monzón is a former Uruguay youth international. On 1 September 2024, he made his debut for Uruguay A' national team in a 1–1 draw against Guatemala.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 18 March 2021
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Danubio | 2020 | Uruguayan Primera División | 19 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 19 | 0 |
| Montevideo Wanderers | 2021 | Uruguayan Primera División | 5 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 5 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 24 | 0 |
# 2005 Canadian electoral calendar

This is a list of elections in Canada in 2005. Included are provincial, municipal and federal elections, by-elections on any level, referendums and party leadership races at any level.

## May

* 17: British Columbia general election
* 17: British Columbia electoral reform referendum
* 24: By-elections to the 38th Canadian Parliament

## September

* 23-25: New Brunswick New Democratic Party leadership election
* 27: Newfoundland and Labrador municipal elections

## November

* 6: Bedford municipal election
* 6: Bromont municipal election
* 6: Cowansville municipal election
* 6: Magog municipal election
* 13: Parti Québécois leadership election
* 18-19: Alberta Alliance Party leadership election
* 19: Vancouver municipal election
* 28: Prince Edward Island electoral reform referendum
# Silvia Oliete

Silvia Oliete (born 1971 in Barcelona) is a Spanish entrepreneur and communicator specializing in the beauty industry creator of the cosmetics firm SO, and the beauty and esthetics school Instituto Silvia Oliete.

## Professional career

When she was 23 years old, she opened her first center in Barcelona, called Blauceldona. In 2015, after its remodeling and redesign, it received the Hit Salon de Vida Estética award at Cosmobeauty (Fira Barcelona).
In 2018 she created a space for outreach and education in aesthetics and nutrition, and in 2020 she opened her center at the Mandarin Hotel. Mandarin Hotel.
On the pandemic, on Instagram and TikTok, she broadcasts videos with tricks on face and body care that go viral.
In 2021, she entered the field of hyaluronic acid-based beauty products, creating her own brand, SO. In 2023, she won again the Vida Estética award in the category of signature cosmetics.
Judith Martínez (2023, Zanilo Editorial) tells the story of her life as an entrepreneur and beautician in her book Destino Belleza.
# Treaty of Paris (1229)

The Treaty of Paris, also known as Treaty of Meaux, was signed on 12 April 1229 between Raymond VII of Toulouse and Louis IX of France in Meaux near Paris. Louis was still a minor, and it was his mother Blanche of Castile, as regent, who was instrumental in forging the treaty. The agreement officially ended the Albigensian Crusade, and according to the terms of the treaty, Raymond's daughter Joan was to be married to Louis' brother Alphonse. Moreover, Raymond ceded the eastern provinces of his lands to Louis and the Marquisat de Provence to the Catholic Church. The treaty also gave the Inquisition absolute power regarding searching for, and seizing of, heretics.
Raymond ceded more than half his land to the French crown and retained the remainder only during his life, and it would then be inherited by his son-in-law Alphonse, Louis's brother or, if Alphonse had no heir, by the French crown. The Papacy gained the Comtat Venaissin.
Raymond regained his feudal rights but had to swear allegiance to Louis IX. Fortifications, such as those of Toulouse, were dismantled. The Cathars were left without political and military protection, as Raymond and his subordinates, now vassals of the French crown, were ordered to hunt them down.
# The Ultimate Warrior (disambiguation)

The Ultimate Warrior (born James Hellwig) was an American professional wrestler.
The Ultimate Warrior or Ultimate Warrior may also refer to the following:
* The Ultimate Warrior (film), a 1975 science fiction and action-adventure film directed by Robert Clouse
* Musa (film), a South Korean film also titled The Ultimate Warrior
* Ultimate Warrior (mixtape), a mixtape by rapper Starlito
* Barbarian: The Ultimate Warrior, 1987 video game
* "Ultimate Warrior", a title used for the champion of Raven
* Computer Warrior comic strip, previously named Ultimate Warrior
* Allen Coage, a professional wrestler who referred to himself as "The Ultimate Warrior" in the 1980's.
# Bao Tranchi

Bao Tranchi is a Vietnamese American costume and fashion designer. She is best known for her work on The Greatest Beer Run Ever and Once Upon a Time in Vietnam.

## Life and career

Tranchi was born in Saigon, South Vietnam before emigrating to the United States. She graduated from Otis College of Art and Design in 1999. She becomes the youngest person to be admitted into the Costume Designers Guild and worked on Charlie’s Angels and Hedwig and the Angry Inch. She made her debut as a costume designer with the feature film Journey from the Fall, directed by Ham Tran in 2006. She launched her own fashion label, "Bao Tranchi" in 2015. Her work has been included in several publications, including Vogue, Harper's Bazaar, Elle and Women's Wear Daily.
Tranchi was the second runner-up in the second season of Netflix's Next in Fashion. Her designs have been worn by Jennifer Lopez, Ashley Graham, Nicki Minaj, Gigi Hadid, Laverne Cox and more.

## Filmography

* 2022 - The Greatest Beer Run Ever
* 2019 - Finding Julia
* 2013 - Once Upon a Time in Vietnam
* 2012 - Keye Luke
* 2012 - Chinatown Squad
* 2010 - The Prince and the Pagoda Boy
* 2006 - Journey from the Fall
# Paul Petit

Paul Petit may refer to:
* Paul Petit (aviator) (1890–1918), World War I flying ace
* Paul Petit (writer) (1893–1944), French writer, sociologist, diplomat and French Resistance worker
* Paul Petit (historian) (1914–1981), French scholar of Roman history
# Egbert II, Margrave of Meissen

Egbert II (German: Ekbert) (c. 1060 – 3 July 1090) was Count of Brunswick and Margrave of Meissen. He was the eldest son of the Margrave Egbert I of the Brunonen family.
Still a minor, he succeeded his father on the latter's death 11 January 1068 in Brunswick and Meissen. He was married to Oda, daughter of Otto I, Margrave of Meissen-Orlamünde, whose lands he inherited, including the castle of Wanderslebener Gleichen.
In 1073, the Saxons, led by Duke Magnus and Otto of Nordheim, rebelled against King Henry IV. The insurrection was crushed by Duke Vratislaus II of Bohemia in the First Battle of Langensalza on 9 June 1075. Whether Egbert had participated in the Saxon rebellion remains unclear based on extant sources, but since he had nonetheless proved himself an opponent of the king, he was deprived of Meissen, which was given to Vratislaus. However, Egbert drove Vratislaus from Meissen the next year and was condemned. A Frisian county then in his possession was confiscated and given to the Bishop of Utrecht.
Egbert originally supported anti-king Rudolf of Rheinfeld, but eventually he and many other Saxon nobles withdrew their support and remained neutral. After the death of Otto of Nordheim in 1083, Egbert was the most important, but also inconsistent, Saxon opponent of Henry IV. In 1085, the two were briefly reconciled and Egbert entertained Henry in Saxony in July. In September, the conflict was resumed, but in 1087, Egbert and Henry made peace.
Some sources report that after the death of anti-king Herman of Salm, bishops Hartwig of Magdeburg and Burchard of Halberstadt persuaded Egbert to turn against the king and himself aim for the crown. Whatever the case, Egbert soon broke with his new allies, probably because of unkept promises. Bishop Hartwig's submission to the king isolated Egbert completely.
In 1088, Egbert was besieged in his castle of Gleichen for four months by Henry, but on Christmas Eve he managed to escape, during the confusion of battle, with a relief army. He was outlawed and deprived of Meissen and his Frisian possessions by a court of princes in Quedlinburg, and later again at Ratisbon in the same year. The fleeing Egbert, undefeated but isolated, fell in combat in 1090.
His remaining possessions fell to his sister Gertrude and her husband Henry the Fat, Margrave of Frisia, whose daughter Richenza married Lothair of Supplinburg, the later Duke and Emperor.

## Sources

* Schlesinger, Walter (1959). Ekbert II. In: Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB) (in German). Berlin: Duncker & Humblot. p. 428. ISBN 3-428-00185-0.
| Preceded byEgbert I | Margrave of Meissen 1068–1090 | Succeeded byHenry I |
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# Hawke (film)

Hawke is a 2010 television drama film produced by The Film Company for Network Ten. The film premiered on 18 July 2010.

## Premise

The telemovie chronicles the life of former Australian Prime Minister Bob Hawke. It centres around the build up to his election in 1983, the situations he faced during his time as Prime Minister, and losing the 1991 leadership contests to his Treasurer and Deputy Prime Minister Paul Keating. The film begins and ends with this event, but proceeds to show the rest of Hawke's life through flashbacks.

## Cast

* Richard Roxburgh as Bob Hawke
* Rachael Blake as Hazel Hawke
* Asher Keddie as Blanche d'Alpuget
* Felix Williamson as Paul Keating
* Sacha Horler as Jean Sinclair
* Julia Blake as Ellie Hawke

## Production

Hawke was first announced on 19 July 2009 by Network Ten with Richard Roxburgh said to play Bob Hawke. A scene was filmed on 25 August 2009 at Dallas Brooks Hall, East Melbourne. Roxburgh reprised his role as Hawke in the 2020 episode "Terra Nullius" of the Netflix series The Crown.

## Awards
### Australian Film Institute Television Awards

* Best Guest or Supporting Actress in Television Drama – Sacha Horler (2010)
* Best Guest or Supporting Actress in Television Drama – Asher Keddie (2010)
# 2004 Canadian electoral calendar

This is a list of elections in Canada that were be held in 2004. Included are municipal, provincial and federal elections, by-elections on any level, referendums and party leadership races at any level.

## January

* January 23 - 2004 Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leadership election

## February

* February 16 - 2004 Nunavut general election

## March

* March 20 - 2004 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election
* March 27 - 2004 Alberta Liberal Party leadership election

## May

* May 10 - 2004 New Brunswick municipal elections

## June

* June 28 - 2004 Canadian federal election

## September

* September 20 - 2004 Quebec provincial by-elections

## October

* October 16 - 2004 Nova Scotia municipal elections
** 2004 Halifax municipal election
** 2004 Nova Scotia Sunday shopping plebiscite
* October 18 - 2004 Alberta municipal elections
** 2004 Calgary municipal election
** 2004 Edmonton municipal election

## November

* November 22 -
** 2004 Alberta general election
** 2004 Alberta Senate nominee election
# John E. Chandler

John E. Chandler (July 13, 1915–October 15, 1982) was an American politician who served in the Kansas State Senate from 1977 to 1982.
Chandler was born in Topeka and raised in Junction City and Lawrence. He attended the University of Kansas, where he studied political science, and served in the U.S. Army during World War II, serving as a major with a tank battalion in the European theater. After the war, he worked in public relations for several oil companies before purchasing the Holton Recorder, a local newspaper, in 1950; he served as publisher there for the rest of his life.
Chandler was elected to the Kansas State Senate in 1976 and re-elected in 1980. He died of a heart attack while mowing his lawn in October 1982, in the midst of his second Senate term; Edward Francis Gordon was appointed to replace him.