OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tyrer v. the United Kingdom

Tyrer v. the United Kingdom (application No. 5856/72) was a case decided by the European Court of Human Rights in 1978.

## Facts

Anthony Tyrer, then aged 15, was given three strokes of the birch in 1972 in the Isle of Man, in accordance with a local juvenile court's sentence for unlawful assault occasioning actual bodily harm. The birching was carried out by policemen in private, in the presence of Tyrer's father and a doctor. Tyrer was made to take down his trousers and underpants and bend over a table.

## Judgment

By a majority of six votes to one, the court held Tyrer's birching to constitute degrading treatment contrary to the Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Significant conclusions of the case included that "the Convention is a living instrument which, as the Commission rightly stressed, must be interpreted in the light of present-day conditions. In the case now before it the Court cannot but be influenced by the developments and commonly accepted standards in the penal policy of the member States of the Council of Europe in this field".
Judge Gerald Fitzmaurice has dissented, finding no violation of Article 3 and concerning that the Court's conclusion "amounts to a finding that all corporal punishment, in all circumstances, inherently involves, as such, an unacceptable level of degradation." and that "assuming that corporal punishment does involve some degree of degradation, it has never been seen as doing so for a juvenile to anything approaching the same manner or extent as for an adult".

## Aftermath

The judgment was considered 'landmark' by Manfred Nowak, UN Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
# Evergrande New Energy Auto

Evergrande New Energy Auto (Chinese: 恒大新能源汽車) was a Chinese automobile manufacturer owned by Evergrande Group that specializes in developing electric vehicles.

## History

Evergrande was founded on August 28, 2019, and is located in China and Sweden. All of their vehicles are produced by founded marques.
Evergrande's primary marque is Hengchi.
After acquiring the assets of Saab from a bankruptcy estate in 2012, Evergrande also founded NEVS, while Koenigsegg had a brief cooperation with Evergrande which resulted in Evergrande taking a minority stake (20%) in the Swedish super car brand.
On February 2, 2024, Evergrande Auto issued an announcement that Evergrande Auto and Founder will study whether to proceed with the proposed transaction, involving the proposed transfer of the outstanding balance owed to China Evergrande Group, The related transactions and special transactions of Xu Jiayin and Xinxin in which the relevant loans were converted into new shares. The Company and the Subscriber have suspended negotiations on the revision of the terms of the proposed transaction, but are still studying whether to proceed with the proposed transaction and have not yet reached a final opinion. If the Company and the Subscriber decide to proceed with the Proposed Transaction, they will study and renegotiate to revise certain key terms of the Proposed Transaction.
On May 22, 2024, Evergrande New Energy Vehicle received a request from the local administrative department to terminate the agreement and return RMB 1.9 billion in rewards and subsidies.
# Richard P. Howell

Richard P. Howell (September 3, 1831 – April 5, 1899) was an American carpenter, businessman, and politician.

## Early life and education

Howell was born in Pennant, Powys, in the parish of Llanbrynmair, Powys, Montgomeryshire, Wales, United Kingdom. He went to the public schools in Wales. In 1854, Howell emigrated to the United States and settled in Racine, Wisconsin. Howell worked as a carpenter and was a contractor. He also was involved with the banking business in Racine. Howell served on the Racine Board of Education and on the Racine County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors. Howell was a Republican. In 1882, Howell served in the Wisconsin Assembly. Howell died at his home in Racine, Wisconsin. He was suffering from rheumatism.
# Leri Khabelov

Leri Khabelov (Georgian: ლერი ხაბელოვი, Russian: Лери Габрелович Хабелов) (born 5 July 1964) is a Georgian politician and a retired wrestler, formerly a Soviet Olympic champion in Freestyle wrestling. In 2012, he was elected to the Parliament of Georgia on a ticket of the Georgian Dream party.

## Sport career

An ethnic Ossetian, Leri Khabelov was born in Tbilisi, then-Soviet Georgia in 1964. His achievements included being the Champion of the XXV Olympic Games (1992 Barcelona), second-prize winner of the XXIV Olympic Games (1988 Seoul), five-fold World Champion (1985, 1987, 1990, 1991, 1993) and third-prize winner (1995), four-fold European Champion (1985, 1987, 1988, 1992), winner of the World Cup (1991), World Champion among boys (1982)and youths (1983), three-fold Champion of the USSR (1985, 1987, 1988), Champion of the IX USSR Peoples Spartaciads (1986). From 1993 to 1996, he contested for the Russian Federation. For his contribution to the sports, he has been granted the title of Honored Master of Sports by the Soviet Union and the Vakhtang Gorgasali Order, 2nd Class, and the Order of Honor by Georgia. He has been a vice-president of the Georgian National Olympic Committee from 2000 to 2007 and deputy chairman of the Sports Department of Georgia from 1998 to 2004. Khabelov is the President of the Georgian National Olympic Association and National Olympians Association.

## Political career

Leri Khabelov became involved in the Georgian politics in 2008, when he ran, unsuccessfully, in the parliamentary election on a ticket of the opposition Republican Party of Georgia . In 2012, he joined the new opposition party Georgian Dream spearheaded by the tycoon Bidzina Ivanishvili. He was elected to the Parliament in the October 1, 2012 election and became a chairman of the parliamentary Committee for Sport and Youth Affairs on October 21, 2012.
# Radu Mihail

Radu-Mihai Mihail (born 8 April 1969) is a Romanian politician of the Save Romania Union serving as a member of the Senate. He was first elected in the 2016 parliamentary election, and was re-elected in 2020. He serves as leader of the Save Romania Union in the Senate.
# Caldwell County Courthouse (North Carolina)

The Caldwell County Courthouse in Lenoir, North Carolina was designed by Wheeler & Runge in Classical Revival style. It was built in 1905.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. The listing included one contributing building and two contributing objects. It is located in the Lenoir Downtown Historic District.
# Utada Hikaru Single Collection Vol. 1

Utada Hikaru Single Collection Vol. 1 is the first compilation album by Hikaru Utada, released on March 31, 2004. It features all A-sides of her hit singles to that date, including 11 number-one hits and all 15 tracks reached the top 5. The album version was remastered by Ted Jensen. The album was released on iTunes in April 2004.
It sold over 1.4 million copies in its debut week, and became the number one selling album of the year in Japan (Their fourth consecutive time accomplishing this particular milestone, a record in Japan's music history.). This is Utada's longest charting release on any Oricon chart, with a 2-year trajectory and still growing. Utada Hikaru Single Collection Vol. 1 is the 35th highest selling album in Japan of all time. The album is Japan's 21st highest-ranked in debut sales. The album was the 19th best selling album worldwide in 2004.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Hikaru Utada

## Sales and certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Japan (RIAJ) CD | 3× Million | 3,000,000$^^$ |
| Japan (RIAJ) Digital | Gold | 100,000$^*$ |
| South Korea | — | 4,607 |
| Taiwan | — | 150,000 |
| $^*$ Sales figures based on certification alone. $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Daniel Rogoveanu

Daniel Dumitru Rogoveanu (born 30 July 1995) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for CSO Filiași.

## Honours
### FC U Craiova 1948

* Liga III: 2019–20
# Grigoryan

Grigorian or Grigoryan (Armenian: Գրիգորյան) is an Armenian surname. It is a patronym from the Armenian equivalent of Gregory and is the Eastern Armenian form of Krikorian.
It can refer to the following people:
* Armen Grigoryan (born 1960), Russian rock musician
* Artur Grigorian (born 1967), Uzbek boxer
* Artur Grigoryan (born 1985), Armenian football player
* Asmik Grigorian (born 1981), Lithuanian opera singer
* David Grigoryan (born 1982), Russian-Armenian former football player
* Gegham Grigoryan (1951–2016), Armenian opera singer
* Harut Grigorian (born 1989), Armenian-Belgian kickboxer
* Hambarsoom Grigorian (1893–1975), Iranian-Armenian composer and music professor
* Karen Grigorian (1947–1989), Armenian chess player
* Karen H. Grigoryan (born 1995), Armenian chess player
* Karen L. Grigorian (born 1968), Armenian diplomat
* Marcos Grigorian (1925–2007), Iranian-Armenian artist
* Mark Grigorian (1900–1978), Armenian neoclassical architect.
* Razmik Grigoryan (born 1971), Armenian football player
* The Grigoryan Brothers, Slava and Leonard (born 1976), Australian classical guitarists
# Julius Ingram

Julius G. Ingram (May 31, 1832 – May 13, 1917) was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

## Early life

Julius Ingram was born on May 31, 1832, in Saratoga County, New York. His brother, Orrin Henry Ingram, was a lumber baron.

## Career

Ingram was a member of the Assembly in 1878 and 1879. He was a Republican.
Ingram served on the board of trustees of the Eau Claire asylum.

## Personal life

He first married Mary Linda Van Wagenen. They had three children before her death on September 13, 1879. Ingram later married Ella Moffat on June 24, 1886. They had one child. Ingram was a Congregationalist.

## Death and legacy

Ingram died at his home on May 13, 1917. He was buried at the Lake View Cemetery, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, U.S.
His nephew, Erskine B. Ingram, became a high-profile businessman. His descendants are the owners of Ingram Industries and its subsidiaries, which include Ingram Barge Company, Ingram Content Group, Ingram Entertainment Holdings Inc., Ingram Micro and Lightning Source.
# 2016 OFC Nations Cup Group B

Group B of the 2016 OFC Nations Cup took place from 28 May to 4 June 2016. The group consisted of Fiji, New Zealand, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu.

## Teams

| Draw position | Team | Method of qualification | Date of qualification | Finals appearance | Last appearance | Previous best performance | FIFA Rankings | FIFA Rankings |
| Draw position | Team | Method of qualification | Date of qualification | Finals appearance | Last appearance | Previous best performance | July 2015 | May 2016 |
| B1 | New Zealand | Automatic | 29 March 2014 | 10th | 2012 | Winners (1973, 1998, 2002, 2008) | 136 | 161 |
| B2 | Solomon Islands | Automatic | 29 March 2014 | 7th | 2012 | Runners-up (2004) | 191 | 192 |
| B3 | Fiji | Automatic | 29 March 2014 | 8th | 2012 | Third place (1998, 2008) | 199 | 183 |
| B4 | Vanuatu | Automatic | 29 March 2014 | 9th | 2012 | Fourth place (1973, 2000, 2002, 2008) | 197 | 181 |
Notes
* ↑ The rankings of July 2015 were used for seeding for the final draw.

## Standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| 1 | New Zealand | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 1 | +8 | 9 | Qualification to Nations Cup knockout stage and World Cup qualifying third round |
| 2 | Solomon Islands | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | −1 | 3 | Qualification to Nations Cup knockout stage and World Cup qualifying third round |
| 3 | Fiji | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | −2 | 3 | Qualification to World Cup qualifying third round |
| 4 | Vanuatu | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 8 | −5 | 3 | |
In the semi-finals:
* The winners of Group B, New Zealand, advanced to play the runners-up of Group A, New Caledonia.
* The runners-up of Group B, Solomon Islands, advanced to play the winners of Group A, Papua New Guinea.

## Matches
### New Zealand vs Fiji

| New Zealand | Fiji |
* Assistant referees:
* Philippe Revel (Tahiti)
* Noah Kusunan (Papua New Guinea)
* Fourth official:
* Amos Anio (Papua New Guinea)

### Vanuatu vs Solomon Islands

| Vanuatu | Solomon Islands |
* Assistant referees:
* Folio Moeaki (Tonga)
* Bertrand Brial (New Caledonia)
* Fourth official:
* Abdelkader Zitouni (Tahiti)

### Vanuatu vs New Zealand

| Vanuatu | New Zealand |
* Assistant referees:
* Norman Bafinu Sali (Papua New Guinea)
* John Pareanga (Cook Islands)
* Fourth official:
* Norbert Hauata (Tahiti)

### Solomon Islands vs Fiji

| Solomon Islands | Fiji |
* Assistant referees:
* Tevita Makasini (Tonga)
* Folio Moeaki (Tonga)
* Fourth official:
* Médéric Lacour (New Caledonia)

### Fiji vs Vanuatu

| Fiji | Vanuatu |
* Assistant referees:
* Bertrand Brial (New Caledonia)
* John Pareanga (Cook Islands)
* Fourth official:
* Médéric Lacour (New Caledonia)

### New Zealand vs Solomon Islands

| New Zealand | Solomon Islands |
* Assistant referees:
* Philippe Revel (Tahiti)
* Folio Moeaki (Tonga)
* Fourth official:
* Amos Anio (Papua New Guinea)
# SadSvit

Bohdan Rozvadovskyi (Ukrainian: Богдан Розвадовський; born 1 May 2004), professionally known by his stage name SadSvit, is a Ukrainian post-punk singer, songwriter, and record producer. He embarked on a musical career in 2019 by collaborating with the artist named "Someone from the West" (Хтось із Заходу), later recorded the song "My Dimension" (Мій Вимір).

## Early life

Rozvadovskyi was born on 1 May 2004 in Ivano-Frankivsk, western Ukraine. He later went to the Faculty of Law of Precarpathian National University (PNU).

## Discography
### Albums

* Cassette (2021)
* 20&21 (2021)
* Неонова мрія (2023)

### Singles and EPs

* Досі не придумав (2021)
* Wild Illusion (2021)
* Двоє (2022)
* Небо (2022)
* Персонажі (2022)
* Cassette (Remix) (2022)
* Світанок (2022)
* Додому (2022)
* Квартали (2022)
* Повертайся живим (2022)
* Додому (Xenjes remix) (2022)
* Була весна (2022)
* Силуети (2022)
* Твоя душа (2023)
* Автомагістралі (2023)
* Дотики (2023)
* Квіти (2023)
* Персонажі (Live)(2023)
* Луги (2024)
* Напевно ти (2024)
# Andrei Lupu

Andrei-Răzvan Lupu (born 6 May 1992) is a Romanian politician of Renewing Romania's European Project. Since 2020, he has been a member of the Chamber of Deputies. He was elected as a member of the Freedom, Unity and Solidarity Party, and became a member of the Save Romania Union when the parties merged. He switched to the newly founded Renewing Romania's European Project in 2022. In the 2024 European Parliament election, he was a candidate for member of the European Parliament.
# Sherman Q. Mack

Sherman Quinn Mack (born March 1972) is a lawyer from Albany outside of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, who was a Republican member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from District 95 in Livingston Parish until January 8, 2024, when his brother Shane Mack was sworn in.
Mack was elected on October 22, 2011, to succeed Walker Hines, who held the seat for one term when it was based, prior to redistricting, in Orleans Parish. In the nonpartisan blanket primary, Mack received 6,526 votes (61.2 percent), compared to 3,449 (32.4 percent) for Democrat Lonnie Watts and 682 ballots (6.4 percent) for Independent Matthew Mitchell.
On April 5, 2012, Mack voted against successful bills to authorize charter schools and to establish a school voucher program. He also opposed the plan to amend teacher tenure policy.
Mack also works as an attorney in Livingston Parish.
# Mark Sourian

Mark Sourian is an American film producer and studio executive.

## Personal life

Sourian grew up in the Lenox Hill section of New York City, son of two college professors. He graduated from Public School 6, Bronx High School of Science and, in 1995, magna cum laude, from Harvard College. He married Stephanie Moy in September 2016. They live in Los Angeles.

## Career

Sourian has worked most of his career as a film studio production executive, most notably as Co-President of Production at DreamWorks from 2009 to 2012, where he oversaw production of The Ring, The Ring Two, Sweeney Todd, Real Steel, The Kite Runner, Things We Lost in the Fire and House of Sand and Fog, among others, and, beginning in 2015, as Executive Vice-President at Universal, where he oversaw production on The Fate of the Furious. In between studio posts, from 2012 to 2015, he worked as an independent producer with an exclusive first-look deal with DreamWorks when he produced Need for Speed and executive produced Delivery Man, A Dog's Purpose and Ghost in the Shell. He served as executive producer of the series Echo 3 for Apple TV+ in 2022. In 2023, he took over as President of Production at The Chosen Inc., overseeing The Chosen, commencing with its third season.
# Herbert Zearfoss

Herbert Keyser "Herb" Zearfoss (October 13, 1929 – April 8, 2008) was a Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.

## Early life

Zearfoss was born in Montandon, Pennsylvania, and graduated from Middleburg High School in 1947. He graduated from Bucknell University in 1951, and attended Yale University. Zearfoss served in the Naval Reserve from 1954 through 1958, and earned his J.D. from American University in 1958. He married his first wife, Thelma, in 1953. The couple had three children; Timothy, Jonathan and Sarah.

## Early professional career

Zearfoss was admitted to the bar and opened a law office in Lewisburg in 1959. He later joined Fidelity Mutual Life Insurance Company in Philadelphia, where he served as Assistant Counsel from 1960 through 1967. Zearfoss was also a Justice of the Peace in Radnor Township from 1966 through 1967, later served as an officer in the Insurance Federation of Pennsylvania from 1967 through 1968.

## Political career

He became the first person to represent the newly created 167th district of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives upon his election in 1968. He retired from the legislature following the 1977-78 session, and was succeeded by fellow Republican John Alden.

## Later life

Following his departure from the legislature, Zearfoss returned to Fidelity Mutual. He served as Senior Vice President and General Counsel for the company until 1982. He later joined Provident Indemnity Life Insurance, where he served as Senior Vice President, Secretary, and General Counsel until 1991. After leaving Provident in 1991, he served as Assistant General Counsel and Assistant Secretary at Teleflex, Inc, until his retirement in 2001. In addition, he served as the President at the Genealogical Society of Pennsylvania.
Zearfoss' first wife, Thelma, died in 1984. He married Suzanne Vander Veer in 1992. Zearfoss died in 2008.
# Ulidia Integrated College

Ulidia Integrated College is situated in Carrickfergus, Northern Ireland. It was opened in 1997 with an initial 63 students. It is the 44th integrated school to be created in the province and provides education for over 530 Catholic and Protestant children.

## Context

Integrated Education is a Northern Ireland phenomenon, where traditionally schools were sectarian, either run as Catholic schools or Protestant schools. On as parental request, a school could apply to 'transition' to become Grant Maintained offering 30% of the school places to students from the minority community. Lagan College was the first integrated school to open in 1981.
Under the Education Reform Order (NI), 1989 a school wishing to obtain Grant Maintained Integrated status must convince the Department of Education that it can draw a minimum of 30% of its population from the minority tradition of the area it wishes to serve.

## Mission statement

Educating together, Catholics and Protestants, and those of other religions, or none, in an atmosphere of tolerance and understanding, to the highest possible academic standards.
# John Jeffers (politician)

John Jeffers (May 3, 1822 – February 22, 1890) was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

## Biography

Jeffers was born on May 3, 1822, in Lisburn, Ireland. He married Flora Ann Armstrong. Jeffers died on February 22, 1890, in Delavan, Wisconsin, and was buried in Darien, Wisconsin. He was a Methodist.

## Career

Jeffers was a member of the Assembly in 1864 and 1871. He served as an Independent.
# Immersion blender

An immersion blender, also known as a stick blender, mini blender, hand blender, or wand blender, is a kitchen blade grinder used to blend ingredients or purée food in the container in which they are being prepared. The immersion blender was invented in Switzerland by Roger Perrinjaquet [de], who patented the idea on March 6, 1950. He called the new appliance "bamix", a portmanteau of the French "battre et mixer" (beat and mix). Larger immersion blenders for commercial use are sometimes nicknamed boat motors (popularized by Emeril Lagasse and Alton Brown). Uses include puréeing soups and emulsifying sauces.
An immersion blender comprises an electric motor driving rotating cutting blades at the end of a shaft which can be immersed in the food being blended, inside a housing which can be held by hand. The shaft with blades is often detachable to facilitate cleaning, and there may be multiple different attachments available. Some blenders can be used in a pan while on the stove. Immersion blenders are distinguished from worktop blenders and food processors that require food to be placed in a special vessel for processing, and from hand mixers, which mix but do not chop.
Models for home and light commercial use typically have an immersible shaft length of about 16 centimetres (6.3 in), but heavy-duty commercial models are available with a shaft up to 53 centimetres (21 in) or more. Home models are available in corded or cordless versions. Motor power rating ranges from about 120 W to over 600 W for a heavy-duty model. Domestic models may be supplied with a goblet or other accessories.
# Želite li da postanete milioner?

Želite li da postanete milioner? (Serbian Cyrillic: Желите ли да постанете милионер?, Do you want to become a millionaire?) is a Serbian game show based on the original British format of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?. The show is hosted by Ivan Zeljković.
The main goal of the game is to win 5 million Serbian dinars (earlier – 3 million dinars) by answering 15 multiple-choice questions correctly. There are three lifelines – fifty fifty (pola-pola), switch the question (zamena pitanja), and phone a friend (pozovi prijatelja).
Želite li da postanete milioner? is broadcast from 2002 to 2011 and from 2022 onward. From 2002 to 2006 it was shown on RTV BK Telecom, from 2007 to 2009 on B92, from 2010 to 2011 on Prva Srpska Televizija, and from 2022 onward on Nova S. From 2002 to 2006 the biggest prize was 3 million dinars, but from 2007 to 2011 and from 2022 onward it is 5 million. When a contestant gets the fifth question correct, he leaves with at least 5,000 dinars (earlier 3,000). When a contestant gets the tenth question correct, he leaves with at least 150,000 dinars (earlier 96,000).
The biggest prize ever won on this show is 1,500,000 dinars by Slobodan Rušpić from Belgrade and Raško Rob from Pančevo and by 2,500,000 dinars by Agošton Legvari from Bačko Gradište and Saša Tomić from Požarevac.

## The game's prizes

| Question number | Question value (in RSD) | Question value (in RSD) | Question value (in RSD) |
| Question number | 2002–2006 | 2007–2011 | 2022– |
| 1 | 300 | 500 | 1,000 |
| 2 | 600 | 1,000 | 2,000 |
| 3 | 900 | 1,500 | 3,000 |
| 4 | 1,500 | 2,500 | 4,000 |
| 5 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 5,000 |
| 6 | 6,000 | 10,000 | 10,000 |
| 7 | 12,000 | 20,000 | 20,000 |
| 8 | 24,000 | 40,000 | 40,000 |
| 9 | 48,000 | 80,000 | 80,000 |
| 10 | 96,000 | 150,000 | 160,000 |
| 11 | 192,000 | 300,000 | 320,000 |
| 12 | 375,000 | 600,000 | 640,000 |
| 13 | 750,000 | 1,250,000 | 1,125,000 |
| 14 | 1,500,000 | 2,500,000 | 2,500,000 |
| 15 | 3,000,000 | 5,000,000 | 5,000,000 |