OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bertha Clifton, 22nd Baroness Grey de Ruthyn

Bertha Lelgarde Clifton, 22nd Baroness Grey de Ruthyn (née Rawdon-Hastings; 30 April 1835 – 15 December 1887) was a British aristocrat.

## Early life

Lady Bertha was born on 30 April 1835. She was the second of six children born to Barbara Rawdon-Hastings, Marchioness of Hastings, suo jure 20th Baroness Grey de Ruthyn (1810–1858) and George Rawdon-Hastings, 2nd Marquess of Hastings (1808–1844). Among her siblings were Paulyn Rawdon-Hastings, 3rd Marquess of Hastings (who died unmarried), Edith Rawdon-Hastings, 10th Countess of Loudoun (wife of Charles Abney-Hastings, 1st Baron Donington), Lady Victoria Rawdon-Hastings, Henry Rawdon-Hastings, 4th Marquess of Hastings (who married Lady Florence Paget, only daughter of Henry Paget, 2nd Marquess of Anglesey), and Lady Frances Rawdon-Hastings (wife of Charles Marsham, 4th Earl of Romney). Fifteen months after her father's death in 1844, her mother married Capt. Hastings Henry, who took the name of Yelverton by royal license in 1849. From her mother's second marriage, she had a younger half-sister, Hon. Barbara Yelverton, who married John Yarde-Buller, 2nd Baron Churston.
Her mother, who inherited the barony when only seven months old, was the only child of Henry Yelverton, 19th Baron Grey de Ruthyn (a friend of Lord Byron) and the former Anna Maria Kellam. Her paternal grandparents were Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings and his wife, Flora Mure-Campbell, 6th Countess of Loudoun.

## Career

On the death of her younger brother Henry in November 1868, his titles created by patent (the marquessate of Hastings, the earldoms of Moira and Rawdon, the viscountcy of Loudoun and the two baronies of Rawdon) became extinct, his Scottish titles (earldom of Loudoun and the Lordships of Campbell of Loudoun and of Tarrinzean and Mauchline) passed to their eldest sister and heir of line Edith, and the English baronies (Grey of Ruthyn, Botreaux, Hungerford, de Moleyns, and Hastings) fell into abeyance between Berth and her three sisters and co-heiresses.
On 29 December 1885, the abeyance of the Barony of Grey of Ruthin, which dated back to 1324, was terminated in favour of Lady Bertha and she became, suo jure 22nd Baroness Grey of Ruthyn.

## Personal life

On 11 December 1855, she married Augustus Wykeham Clifton, son of Hetty (née Treves) Clifton and Thomas Joseph Clifton of Lytham Hall. His elder brother was John Talbot Clifton, MP for North Lancashire. Together, they were the parents of:
* Hon. Ella Cicely Mary Clifton (1856–1912), who married Lancelot George Butler-Bowden, son of John Butler-Bowdon of Pleasington Hall, in 1879.
* Rawdon George Grey Clifton, 23rd Baron Grey de Ruthyn (1858–1912), who married Evelyn Isobel Ida Charlotte Foster, only daughter of James Foster of Cranbourne Hall, in 1892.
* Cecil Talbot Clifton, 24th Baron Grey de Ruthyn (1862–1934), who died unmarried.
* Hon. Lelgarde Harry Florence Clifton (1870–1939), who married, as his second wife, Sir Alan Bellingham, 4th Baronet, MP for County Louth, in 1895.
Lady Grey de Ruthyn died on 15 December 1887. She was succeeded in the barony by her eldest son, Rawdon.
# Ray Williamson

Ray Daniel Williamson Sr. (1895–1973) served in the California State Assembly for the 26th district from 1925 to 1941. During World War I he also served in the United States Army.
# Home, and Other Big, Fat Lies

Home, and Other Big, Fat Lies is a middle grade novel by American writer Jill Wolfson, published in 2006 by Henry Holt and Company. It is about a young girl in foster care.

## Plot summary

Whitney has been in so many foster homes that she can give a complete rundown on the most common varieties of foster parents—from the look-on-the-bright-side types to those unfortunate examples of pure evil. But one thing she doesn’t know much about is trees. This means heading for Foster Home #12 (which is all the way at the top of the map of California, where there looks to be nothing but trees) has Whitney feeling a little nervous. She is pretty sure that the middle of nowhere is going to be just one more place where a hyper, loud-mouthed kid who is messy and small for her age won’t be welcome for long.

## Reception
### Reviews

Kirkus Reviews described Home, and Other Big, Fat Lies as "a sweet, spirited tale told with warmth and humor about a determined misfit who finds a home at last in a family and a community".
According to the Voice of Youth Advocates (VOYA), Home, and Other Big, Fat Lies includes "no preaching [...], just honest to goodness situational humor perfect for starting a discussion on environmental topics." Taylor Megan Potasky, an 11-year-old reviewer for Stone Soup Magazine, added, "I would highly recommend this book to anyone who knows someone who is a foster child, someone who loves nature like me or anyone who likes a story about love (in this case love for family and nature)". Also discussing the book's discussion of environmental issues, Deborah Stevenson, writing for The Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books, added that "the book offers a fair look into a timber-dependent community's bitterness about environmental issues, but it's also evocative in conveying the richness of the ecosystems that lumbering can destroy."
On behalf of School Library Journal, Kelly Czarnecki highlighted how "the protagonist's spunky voice will engage readers" and compared Home, and Other Big, Fat Lies to Patricia Reilly Giff's Pictures of Hollis Woods.

### Awards and honors

Home, and Other Big, Fat Lies has received multiple awards and honors:
* International Reading Association, Children's Book Award Notable Book
* Newton Marasco Foundation, Green Earth Book Award Honor Book
* Santa Monica Library Green Award
* Pennsylvania School Librarian Association, Young Reader’s Choice nominee
* Texas Lone Star Reading List Selection
* Kansas State Reading Circle
* New York Public Library 100 Titles for Reading and Sharing
# Lilium michauxii

Lilium michauxii, commonly known as the Carolina lily, is a wildflower native to the southeastern United States, thriving in dry, sandy soils of upland forests and ridges. It is the only fragrant lily species native east of the Rocky Mountains. Known for its vibrant orange to red flowers adorned with dark spots, the Carolina lily blooms from July to October, providing nectar for pollinators such as butterflies.
The species was named in honor of French botanist André Michaux, who documented it during his explorations of North America in the 18th century. The Carolina lily is the official state wildflower of North Carolina, symbolizing the state's rich biodiversity and natural heritage.

## Taxonomy and classification

The Carolina lily belongs to the family Liliaceae. The common name reflects an older taxonomy in which the name L. carolinianum was applied to both L. michauxii and L. catesbaei. Another common name for this species is Turk's cap lily, though L. superbum, a closely related species, also shares this name. Synonyms for L. michauxii include:
* Lilium carolinianum Michx.
* Lilium autumnale G.Lodd.
* Lilium michauxianum Schult. & Schult.f.
* Lilium lockettii Featherm.
The scientific name honors French botanist André Michaux for his contributions to botany in North America.

## Description

The Carolina lily can grow up to 3.5 ft (1.1 m) tall, producing vibrant flowers that are 3–4 in (76–102 mm) across. Its striking petals curve backward and are adorned with dark purple spots, creating a distinctive appearance. The color of the petals ranges from yellow to red, with some flowers exhibiting shades of orange or purple.
This lily is unique for being the only fragrant lily species native east of the Rocky Mountains. Its leaves are arranged in whorls along the stem, a characteristic feature of this plant.

## Habitat and distribution

Native to the southeastern United States, the Carolina lily thrives in dry upland forests, sandy slopes, and ridges. Its range includes southern Virginia, the Carolinas, the Florida Panhandle, and eastern Texas. This species is well-adapted to nutrient-poor soils.

## Cultural and historical significance

In 2003, the Carolina lily was designated the official state wildflower of North Carolina. The species also carries historical significance, as it was first documented by André Michaux during his exploration of North American flora in the late 18th century.

## Conservation status

The Carolina lily is currently listed as "Apparently Secure" (G4) by NatureServe. However, it faces threats from habitat destruction, urbanization, and climate change. Conservation efforts focus on protecting its native habitats.
# George, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

George (German: Georg; 12 August 1779 – 6 September 1860) ruled the state of Mecklenburg-Strelitz as Grand Duke of Mecklenburg from 1816 until his death.

## Early life

Duke George Frederick Charles Joseph of Mecklenburg was born in Hanover, the eighth child of Charles II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, and his first wife Princess Friederike of Hesse-Darmstadt. Following the death of his mother in 1782 his father married her sister Charlotte two years later in 1784 and the family moved from Hanover to Darmstadt. George remained in Darmstadt until 1794, when his father succeeded as the ruling Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and George accompanied his father to Neustrelitz.

## Heir apparent

Soon after arriving in Neustrelitz, George enrolled at the University of Rostock, where he studied until 1799. After leaving university, George went to Berlin, where he lived at the Prussian court. George's sister Louise was married to the Prussian king, Frederick William III. In 1802 he went to Italy, where he lived until 1804, He then returned to Germany and settled in Darmstadt.
Following the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt in 1806, George travelled to Paris, where he negotiated the entry of Mecklenburg-Strelitz into the Confederation of the Rhine. He also attended the Congress of Vienna in 1814, where Mecklenburg-Strelitz was raised to the status of a grand duchy.

## Grand Duke

When George succeeded his father on 6 November 1816, he found the grand duchy in a bad state. He set about raising the standard of education of his subjects by building schools. By the end of his reign, the majority of his subjects could read and write. He also improved agriculture in the grand duchy and abolished serfdom.
George died on 6 September 1860 at Neustrelitz and was succeeded by his eldest son Friedrich Wilhelm.

## Marriage and children

On 12 August 1817 in Kassel, George married Princess Marie of Hesse-Cassel, the daughter of Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel and his wife, Princess Caroline of Nassau-Usingen. Together they had four children:
* Duchess Luise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1818–1842)
* Frederick William, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1819–1904) married Princess Augusta of Cambridge
* Duchess Caroline of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1821–1876) married Frederick VII of Denmark
* Duke Georg August of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1824–1876) married Grand Duchess Catherine Mikhailovna of Russia.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of George, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz :
# Yasuhisa

Yasuhisa is a masculine Japanese given name.

## Written forms

Yasuhisa can be written using different combinations of kanji characters. Here are some examples:
* 康久, "healthy, long time"
* 康尚, "healthy, still"
* 康寿, "healthy, long life"
* 靖久, "peaceful, long time"
* 靖尚, "peaceful, still"
* 靖寿, "peaceful, long life"
* 安久, "tranquil, long time"
* 安尚, "tranquil, still"
* 安寿, "tranquil, long life"
* 保久, "preserve, long time"
* 保尚, "preserve, still"
* 保寿, "preserve, long life"
* 泰久, "peaceful, long time"
* 泰尚, "peaceful, still"
* 泰寿, "peaceful, long life"
* 易久, "divination, long time"
* 易寿, "divination, long life"
* 恭久, "respectful, long life"
The name can also be written in hiragana やすひさ or katakana ヤスヒサ.

## Notable people with the name

* Yasuhisa Furuhara (古原 靖久) (born 1986), Japanese actor
* Yasuhisa Shioda (塩田 泰久) (born 1952), Japanese aikidoka
* Yasuhisa Shiozaki (塩崎 恭久) (born 1950), Japanese politician
* Yasuhisa Toyota (豊田 泰久), Japanese acoustical engineer
# Friedrich Caspar von Geismar

Baron Friedrich Caspar von Geismar (known in Russian as Fyodor Klementyevich Geismar, Russian: Фёдор Клементьевич Гейсмар; 1783–1848) was a German military officer who spent the best part of his career in the service of Imperial Russian Army. He eventually rose to the rank of Full General and became an adjutant to Nicholas I of Russia.

## Biography

He was born on 12 May 1783 in Ahlen into a noble family known since the 13th century. His father was a chamberlain at the court of the king of Prussia. He was an heir to the Dössel line of an old Austrian-German noble family of Geismar zu Riepen from the castle of Warburg. His parents were Baron Clemens August von Geismar, the commander of the Guard Regiment of the Kings of Prussia, and Bernadina de Berswardt.
On 2 August 1798, at the age of 15, he joined the Lower Austrian 4th Infantry Regiment "Hoch- und Deutschmeister". He served with his unit in the disastrous battle of Austerlitz, where his unit was destroyed by Napoleon Bonaparte. After the battle, he joined the Russian service and fought in the ranks of Russian Imperial Army during the French invasion of Russia.
After the Battle of Leipzig, he was given command of a Cossack cavalry regiment and the task of escorting the ducal family back to Weimar where he defeated a French attack, for which the city of Weimar awarded him honorary citizenship. He joined a local masonic lodge in a ceremony that inspired Goethe to write his poem Creed]].
After the war, he put down the Chernigov Regiment revolt of the Decembrists and, in the 1828 Turkish campaign, won a battle near Băilești. In 1830, his native town of Ahlen also awarded him with honorary citizenship.
Later that year, he fought against the November Uprising in Poland. In a series of defeats, he lost most of his soldiers in the battles of Stoczek, Iganie and Wawer, and considered suicide. Eventually he was given command over a new force and took part in the final Battle of Warsaw. During the struggle for Fort 54 (Ordon's Redoubt), he was severely wounded.
After the Polish campaign, he commanded the I Corps stationed in Wilno, but was accused of conniving Konarski's revolutionary activities and forced into retirement. In 1842, he settled at his property in Podolia, the village of Gródek. He built several factories, churches, a school and a hospital for locals.
Geismar had many children from two marriages, first to a Romanian princess from the House of Ghika (whom he had met during the Turkish war and later divorced) and then to Herder's niece named Nathalie.
# Franciszek Leja

Franciszek Leja (27 January 1885 in Grodzisko Górne near Leżajsk – 11 October 1979 in Kraków, Poland) was a Polish mathematician.
He was born to a poor peasant family in the southeastern Poland. After graduating from the University of Lwów he was a teacher of mathematics and physics in high schools from 1910 until 1923, among others in Kraków. From 1924 until 1936 he was a professor at the Warsaw University of Technology and Warsaw University, from 1936 until 1960 in the Jagiellonian University.
He was captured by German Nazi during Sonderaktion Krakau and sent with 183 Polish professors of the Jagiellonian University and University of Technology to Sachsenhausen concentration camp. After international protest by prominent Italians including Benito Mussolini and the Vatican, 101 professors who were older than 40 were released from Sachsenhausen on February 8, 1940. Unfortunately Leja, older than 40, was not in the group of released prisoners. He stayed in a concentration camp until May 1940 when he returned to Kraków. In Kraków bad news were waiting for him: the university was closed, Leja's apartment was taken over by Nazi. The homeless couple with no income decided to move to Grodzisko Górne where they have a small house and garden. They got a permission from Gestapo and left Kraków. In Grodzisko Leja wrote the book on the calculus Rachunek różniczkowy i całkowy ze wstępem do równań różniczkowych.
Since 1948 he worked for the Institute of Mathematics of the Polish Academy of Sciences. He was a co-founder of the Polish Mathematics Society in 1919 and from 1963 until 1965 the President. Since 1931, he was a member of the Warsaw Science Society (TNW). He worked at the State Institute of Mathematics, which was incorporated into the Polish Academy of Sciences in 1952.
His main scientific interests concentrated on analytic functions, in particular the method of extremal points and transfinite diameters. He was also interested in topology; he introduced the definition of topological group

## Works

* Rachunek różniczkowy i całkowy ze wstępem do równań różniczkowych, first edition in 1947, Polish Mathematical Society, 17 edition in 2008 PWN.
* Funkcje zespolone (pub. 1967, pub. 5 1979).
* Teoria funkcji analitycznych, PWN, Warszawa 1957.
# Asami

Asami (あさみ, アサミ) is a feminine Japanese given name which can also be used as a surname.

## Written forms

Asami can be written using different kanji characters and can mean:

### as a given name

* 麻美, "hemp, beauty"
* 朝美, "morning, beauty"
* 朝海, "morning, sea"
The given name can also be written in hiragana or katakana.

### as a surname

* 浅見, "shallow, look"
* 浅海, "shallow sea"

## People
### with the given name Asami

* Asami Abe (安倍 麻美, born 1985), Japanese singer
* Asami Chiba (千葉 麻美, born 1985), Japanese sprinter
* Asami Hirono (広野 あさみ, born 1990), Japanese snowboarder
* Asami Imai (今井 麻美, born 1977), Japanese voice actress
* Asami Imajuku (今宿 麻美, born 1978), Japanese fashion model, actress, and singer
* Asami Jō (城 麻美, born 1975), Japanese AV Idol
* Asami Kai (甲斐 麻美, born 1987), Japanese actress
* Asami Kimura (木村 麻美, born 1984), Japanese pop singer
* Asami Kodera (小寺 麻美, born 1978), Japanese female mixed martial artist
* Asami Konno (紺野 あさ美, born 1987), Japanese pop singer
* Asami Mizukawa (水川 あさみ, born 1983), Japanese actress
* Asami Nagakiya (長木谷 麻美, 1985–2016), Japanese musician
* Asami Sanada (真田 アサミ, born 1977), Japanese voice actress
* Asami Seto (瀬戸 麻沙美, born 1993), Japanese voice actress
* Asami Shimoda (下田 麻美, born 1986), Japanese voice actress
* Asami Sugiura (杉浦 亜紗美, born 1985), Japanese actress and AV Idol
* Asami Tachibana (橘 麻美, born 1987), Japanese composer, arranger, pianist and music producer
* Asami Tada (多田 あさみ, born 1988), Japanese gravure idol
* Asami Tano (田野 アサミ, born 1987), Japanese voice actress
* Asami Tojo (東城 麻美, 1972–2007), Japanese manga artist
* Asami Ueno (上野愛 咲美, born 2001), Japanese professional Go player
* Asami Yoshida (voice actress) (吉田 麻実), Japanese voice actress
* Asami Yoshida (basketball) (吉田 亜沙美, born 1987), Japanese professional basketball player
* Asami Zdrenka, English-Japanese pop singer.

### with the surname Asami

* Atsuo Asami (浅見 敦夫), Japanese astronomer
* Haruna Asami (浅見 八瑠奈, born 1988), Japanese judoka.
* Hikaru Asami (朝海 ひかる, born 1972), Japanese performing artist
* Mina Asami (浅見 美那, born 1958), Japanese TV actress
* Reina Asami (浅見 れいな, born 1983), Japanese actress and mode
* Sayaka Asami (浅見 清香), the participant in the obstacle course competition show Kunoichi
* Takeshi Asami (浅見 武), Japanese racecar driver
* Yuma Asami (麻美 ゆま), Japanese adult video actress

## Fictional characters
### with the given name Asami

* Asami Matsumoto (朝海), a minor character in the anime and manga series Nana
* Asami Yamazaki (麻美), a central character from the 1999 Japanese horror film Audition
* Asami Sato is a character in the animated series The Legend of Korra.
* Asami Nakaoka is a character in the ongoing Japanese manga Highschool of the Dead, who made a brief but significant appearance for a few chapters.
* Asami Minagawa, a secondary character from Mushi-Uta.
* Asami "Sam" Koizumi, a minor character in DC's animated series Young Justice.

### with the family name Asami

* Chiaki Asami (浅見), a character in the manga series Sanctuary
* Ryuichi Asami (麻見), a character in the manga series Finder
* Saki Asami (浅海 サキ), a character in the manga series Puella Magi Kazumi Magica
# Gravity (Alejandro Escovedo album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Rolling Stone | |
Gravity is the début album of Alejandro Escovedo, released in 1992. Heinz Geissler and John Kunz were the executive producers.

## Critical reception

Trouser Press wrote: "In the clarified artistic vision of a mature musician with a broken heart, a spiritual sense of his place in the world and a rich, resonant voice, Escovedo devised an electric folk idiom ... powerfully suited to the poetic hair shirt he donned."

## Track listing

All tracks composed by Alejandro Escovedo
* "Paradise" – 4:16
* "Broken Bottle" – 3:53
* "One More Time" – 3:46
* "By Eleven" – 4:03
* "Bury Me" – 5:24
* "Five Hearts Breaking" – 4:10
* "Oxford" – 4:25
* "Last to Know" – 5:00
* "She Doesn't Live Here Anymore" – 4:24
* "Pyramid of Tears" – 4:00
* "Gravity/Falling Down Again" – 7:18

## Personnel

* Alejandro Escovedo - vocal, acoustic guitar
* Turner Stephen Bruton - slide guitar, electric slide guitar, electric guitar, acoustic guitar, mandolin, vocal harmony
* Chris Knight - keyboards
* Barry "Frosty" Smith - drums, percussion
* Dennis Kenmore - drums
* Rick Poss - electric twelve-string guitar
* Terry Wilson - bass
* John Hagen - cello
* Marty Muse - pedal steel guitar
* Thierry Le Coz - electric guitar
* Bill Ginn - piano
* Lou Ann Barton - vocal harmony
* Bill Averbach - trumpet on "Bury Me"
* J. D. Foster - vocal harmony
* Cid Sanchez - lead guitar on "Oxford"
* Spencer Starnes - double bass on "She Doesn't Live Here Anymore"
* Bruce & Charlie Robison - vocal harmonies
* Dennis Kenmore, Jay Hudson, T.S. Bruton, Chris Knight, "Big Wave" Dave McNair, J.D. Foster, Alejandro Escovedo - The Cappuccino Choir
* Maya Escovedo, Megan Ewing - The Screaming Me Me's

### Technical

* Heinz Geissler, John T. Kunz - executive producer
* Kathy Marcus - art direction, design
* Dana Lee Smith - illustration
# Georg Scholl

Georg Scholl (24 October 1751 – 17 May 1831) was a gardener at Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna.
Scholl was born in Weilbach, Bavaria, Holy Roman Empire.

## Career

He was sent by Emperor Joseph II as assistant to gardener-botanist Franz Boos to collect specimens for the royal garden and cabinet on a collecting trip to the Cape of South Africa. Arriving at the end of May 1786, he completed a few short collecting trips with Scotsman Francis Masson and commissar Robert Jacob Gordon, these becoming longer over the next few months, the itineraries being unknown. Scholl was left at the Cape when Boos left for the Mascarene Islands on 18 February 1787. He returned a year later with so much material that it could not be transported in a single consignment. Boos sailed for Europe on 5 February 1788. Scholl remained at the Cape for another 14 years before returning to Europe. Much of this time Masson was also at the Cape and in correspondence to Joseph Banks pointed out the difficulties of getting transport for their collections. From the collections it seems that Boos and Scholl, or Scholl alone, collected as far north as Namaqualand and east to Kaffraria. From a horticulture stand point, the collections greatly enriched the gardens at Schönbrunn Palace and much of their new material was described and beautifully illustrated in the work of botanist Jacquin.
Scholl died in Vienna.