OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Indonesian Space Agency

Indonesian Space Agency or INASA is the Indonesian space agency engaged in activities related to outer space and space exploration policy. INASA differs compared to Research Organization for Aeronautics and Space (Indonesian: Organisasi Riset Penerbangan dan Antariksa, ORPA), because INASA does not perform space research activities, but is more a coordinative agency and is designed as a space lobby and policy making agency.

## History

Before being dismantled, the National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (Indonesian: Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional, LAPAN) was both the research institute and policy making institution for outer space and space exploration in Indonesia. As mandated by Law No. 21/2013, LAPAN was mandated to perform space research activity in both policy research and experimental research, performing space lobby and negotiations with the space agency of another country or supranational entities or international bodies, coordinating policies in space policy, and registration of astronomical objects.
LAPAN was liquidated on 1 September 2021 in favor for formation of integrated super-agency, the National Research and Innovation Agency (Indonesian: Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, BRIN). By Presidential Decree No. 78/2021, LAPAN was mandated to relinquish its rights and responsibilities to BRIN. While the research functions of the former LAPAN were swiftly subsumed into BRIN, its political functions were not yet reorganized into BRIN. As result of LAPAN liquidation, for a brief time, Indonesia technically did not have functioning space agency as mandated by Law No. 21/2013, solely a space research agency.
In March 2022, INASA was formed as a special body under BRIN for Indonesia to carry on space political functions, including coordinating space policies, political lobby, preparation and delegation of Indonesian space scientists to lobby and negotiate with space agency of another country or supranational entities or international bodies, and registration of astronomical objects. Formation of INASA in BRIN has the goal of separating research functions from political functions, so both functions was not mixed.

## Activities

During the 29th Asia-Pacific Regional Space Agency Forum (APRSAF-29), INASA announced that the institution, with Government of Indonesia, will finalize the Indonesian Space Masterplan. Including to the masterplan are spaceport building replacing the current Indonesian Stasiun Peluncuran Roket, and regulations to promote advancement of space industries in Indonesia.
# Po Klong Garai Temple

Po Klong Garai Temple is a Hindu Cham religious complex located in the Cham principality of Panduranga, in what is now Phan Rang in southern Vietnam. It was built in honor of the legendary king Po Klaung Garai, who ruled Panduranga from 1151 to 1205, by the historic King Jaya Sinhavarman III,$^{:217}$

## Legend of King Klong Garai

According to legend, Po Klong Garai (Cham language: Great water-dragon sovereign or Dragon king of J'rai people) started life as a lowly cowherd, but became king of Champa by destiny, ruling wisely and for the good of the people. When the Khmer of Cambodia invaded his kingdom, he challenged them to settle the matter peacefully in a tower-building contest. Po Klong Garai prevailed in the contest, thereby obliging the invaders to return home. After his death, Po Klong Garai became a god and protector of the people on earth; it is said that the tower he built in his contest with the Khmer is the tower that today is known by his name.

## History of the Temple

The Cham King Jaya Simhavarman III (Viet: Chê Mân) is credited with constructing the tower in honor of Po Klaung Garai toward the end of the 13th century. However, the presence of several steles from an earlier period suggests that Jaya Simhavarman may merely have restored and added to structures that were already in place.
An inscription, dated 1050, at Po Klong Garai commemorated the military victory of two Cham princes (presumably representing the northern dynasty of Indrapura headquartered near Mỹ Sơn) over the people of Panduranga in southern Champa. According to the inscription, the victorious princes celebrated by erecting two lingas and a victory column.

## Site of the Temple

The temple of Po Klaung Garai belongs to what is known as the Thap Mam Style of Cham art and architecture. It consists of three brick towers: a main tower with three stories, a smaller gate tower, and an elongated tower with a saddle-like roof. The group of buildings is well preserved, and "is distinguished by the purity of its outlines and the austerity of its decor." Over the front door of the main tower is a sculpture of the god Siva that is regarded as one of the masterpieces of the Thap Mam Style. The remaining images are less impressive, revealing "an art in terminal decline, due to its stiffness and arid workmanship." The tower with the saddle-like roof is said to be dedicated to the God of Flame, Thang Chuh Yang Pui.
The primary religious image in the temple is a mukhalinga of the 16th or 17th century. A mukhalinga is a linga with a human face. In general, the linga is the emblem of the Hindu god Siva, but the Cham say that this one is a statue of King Po Klaung Garai. The temple is still the site of Cham religious festivals.
# Terry de Havilland

Terrence Higgins (21 March 1938 – 27 November 2019), professionally known as Terry de Havilland, was an English shoe designer. Known as the 'Rock n Roll Cobbler of the 1970s', he is most famed for his key part in the ‘Swinging London’ fashion scene, with clients including Marianne Faithfull, Led Zeppelin, Bianca Jagger and David Bowie. His platforms are still worn today by British model Kate Moss.

## Early life

Terry de Havilland was born in London into a family of cobblers and was young when his parents started their own company, Waverley Shoes. He was already assisting in the workshop at the age of five. Their company catered to West End clientele and showgirls from the city’s busy theatres, producing winklepickers.

## Career

In the 1960s he found a pair of three-tiered wedges in his father’s attic. He made up new pairs in psychedelic snakeskin colours. The Jolly Boy stall sold the shoes, and as quickly as they were picked up from the factory they were sold.
On 4 May 1970, his father was killed after being accidentally electrocuted in his factory. de Havilland did not abandon the brand, but went on to open his own store ‘Cobblers to the World’ on the Kings Road in 1972, with the company doing fourteen trade shows a year. He was making shoes for everyone from Tim Curry in The Rocky Horror Picture Show to leather thigh high boots for Jackie O.
After the dissolution of ‘Kamikaze’ in 1988, Terry de Havilland's name transitioned to ‘Magic Shoes,’ introducing popular platform styles and latex boots that gained popularity among the clubgoers of the 1990s. In 1990, de Havilland met his future wife Liz, a textile designer, who played a pivotal role in elevating the brand. By the mid-1990s, major UK retailers began stocking the brand.
Subsequently, the de Havillands established ‘Cobblers to the World’ at Camden Stables Market. During this period, the company's shoes were featured in international fashion publications and prominent film productions. However, Terry de Havilland experienced a minor heart attack on Christmas Eve in 2001. As a result, the shop closed in February of the following year, allowing him to concentrate on editorial work and revitalizing the de Havilland brand.
In 2013, Terry de Havilland launched a temporary flagship store in London. He passed away at the age of 81 on November 27, 2019.

## Awards

In 2006, Terry de Havilland was nominated as Accessory Designer of the Year at the British Fashion Awards and in 2010 was awarded a Drapers Lifetime Achievement Award for his contribution to footwear design over the last fifty years.
# Vlasios Maras

Vlasios Maras (Greek: Βλάσης Μάρας, born 31 March 1983 in Cholargos), Athens, is a Greek gymnast.
In the 2004 Summer Olympics, he was a favorite in the horizontal bar competition but failed to qualify for the final after finishing 13th in the qualification round. He competed in the horizontal bar event at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro as well, but finished in 38th place in qualifying and did not advance to the final.
Maras is a two-time world champion on horizontal bar and a five-time European champion. He was named the 2009 Greek Male Athlete of the Year.
# Vasyl Chudnov

Vasyl Mykhailovych Chudnov (Ukrainian: Василь Михайлович Чуднов) (born 14 January 1958, in Kosmach, Kosiv Raion, Ukraine) is a Ukrainian politician. In 2013 to 2014, he was a leading figure in a political life of Prykarpattia.
Chudnov was born in Kosmach. In 2001-2010 he worked as a director for such companies as "Halychyna – Lis" and "Halychynabud".
In 2010-2012 Chudnov was a people's deputy of Ukraine. In 2013-2014 he was a head of the Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast State Administration (Governor of Prykarpattia). Due to mass protests in support for Euromaidan, he resigned.
# Ephraim Wales Bull

Ephraim Wales Bull (March 4, 1806 – September 26, 1895) was an American farmer, best known for the creation of the Concord grape.

## Biography

Ephraim Wales Bull was born on March 4, 1806, in Boston, Massachusetts. He was an apprentice for a goldbeater at a young age, and on September 10, 1826, he married Mary Ellen Walker of Dorchester. Complaining of lung problems, Bull moved to Concord, in 1836, settling with his wife on a farm next door to Amos Bronson Alcott.
In 1843, Bull began the deliberate process of breeding a grape that could thrive in the cold New England climate. By 1849, having planted 22,000 seedlings, he had created a large, sweet variety from the native species fox grape, which he called 'Concord', and by 1853 the grapes were for sale. However, within several years, competing growers had begun raising their own crops of Concord grapes, purchased from Bull for $5 per vine, and Bull saw little profit from the strain after the initial sales.
Bull was elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1855. In 1893, after a fall, he went to live in the Concord Home for the Aged, and died on September 26, 1895, aged 89. He was buried in the Sleepy Hollow Cemetery in Concord, with an epitaph reading, "He Sowed Others Reaped" a biblical reference to John 4 verse 38."
* Bull's home in Concord, Massachusetts
* Epitaph of Ephraim Bull, Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, Concord
# Athletics at the 1965 Summer Universiade – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay

The women's 4 × 100 metres relay event at the 1965 Summer Universiade was held at the People's Stadium in Budapest on 29 August 1965.

## Results

| Rank | Nation | Athletes | Time | Notes |
| | Soviet Union | Vera Popkova, Renāte Lāce, Tatyana Shchelkanova, Lyudmila Samotyosova | 45.5 | UR |
| | Poland (POL) | Irena Kirszenstein, Mirosława Sałacińska, Danuta Straszyńska, Irena Woldańska | 46.1 | |
| | Hungary | Irén Buskó, Annamária Kovács, Ildikó Jónás, Ida Such | 46.4 | |
| 4 | Great Britain | Susan Hayward, Lorna McGarvey, Sheila Parkin, Liz Gill | 46.8 | |
| 5 | West Germany | Marlies Fünfstück, Gabriele Grossekettler, Gerlinde Beyrichen, Dorothee Sander | 46.9 | |
# R. Fred Price

Robert Frederick Price (August 6, 1890 - July 18, 1956) served in the California State Assembly for the 72nd district from 1943 to 1951 and during World War I he served in the United States Army.
# Jacob H. Muckerheide

Jacob H. Muckerheide was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

## Biography

Muckerheide was born in Wildeshausen, then in the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg. Sources have differed on the date. He died on October 9, 1885, in Kewaskum (town), Wisconsin.

## Career

Muckerheide was a member of the Assembly in 1879. He was a Democrat.
# Sobral

Sobral may refer to:

## People

* Sobral (surname)
* Marcos Sobral (born 1960), Brazilian botanist whose standard author abbreviation is Sobral

## Places

* Sobral Base, a defunct research station in Antarctica
* Sobral, Ceará, a municipality in the State of Ceará, Brazil
* Sobral de Monte Agraço Municipality, Portugal
* Sobral de Monte Agraço (parish), a civil parish in the Portuguese municipality
* Sobral Pichorro e Fuinhas, a civil parish in the municipality of Fornos de Algodres, Portugal

## Other uses

* Sobral Fault, a geological formation in South America
* Sobral Formation, a geological formation in Antarctica
* Sobral Unit, a geological formation in Europe
# Robert Van Lancker

Robert Van Lancker (born 11 December 1946) is a Belgian track cyclist who mostly competed in sprint and tandem events (together with Daniel Goens), in which he won eight medals at the world championships between 1967 and 1974. At the 1968 Summer Olympics he won a bronze medal in the tandem and failed to reach the final in the individual sprint. Next year he turned professional and competed until 1976.
# Wieprza

The Wieprza (German: Wipper) is a river in north-western Poland in the region of Pomerania, a tributary of the Baltic Sea, with a length of 112 km (70 mi) and a basin area of 2,170 km$^2$ (840 sq mi).

## Towns

* Kępice
* Sławno
* Darłowo
# Granville Crabtree

Granville Hayward Crabtree, Jr. (November 29, 1929 – August 4, 2024) was an American attorney and politician in the state of Florida.
Crabtree was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee, in 1929. He enlisted in the United States Army and, at the rank of captain, served in Europe and Korea from 1948 to 1953. He moved to Florida in 1956. He attended the University of California, Berkeley, University of Missouri, and George Washington University to receive his B.S. and LL.B degrees. He is a member of the Lambda Chi Alpha fraternity. He was a student traffic court judge while in university.
From 1961 to 1962, he served as an attorney on the Sarasota County Planning Commission, Sarasota County Tax Assessor and for the city of North Port Charlotte. He was elected to the Florida House of Representatives as a Republican for Sarasota County in 1966 and served until 1976.
He was married to Paulette Vitrier of Sarasota and has two children, Michelle and John. He was a member of the American Bar Association.
Crabtree died on August 4, 2024, at the age of 94.
# Chuck Nergard

Charles Lester Nergard (February 6, 1929 – November 9, 2017) was an American politician who represented parts of the Treasure Coast in the Florida House of Representatives from 1967 to 1976 and 1978 to 1990

## Early life and education

Nergard was born in Chicago, Illinois, in 1929 and moved to Florida in 1956. He attended Schurz Junior College, Wilbur Wright College, and George Williams College. Nergard served in the United States Air Force.

## Career

He represented a St. Lucie County-based district on the Treasure Coast from 1967 to 1976 and from 1978 to 1990. During his time in the Florida House, Nergard was also a part-time real estate agent. While he served the 76th district, he succeeded Donald H. Reed Jr.

## Personal life

He was married to Catherine Misheck, also a native of Chicago. They had two children. Nergard and his family were members of the Lutheran faith.
Nergard died in Port St. Lucie, Florida, on November 9, 2017, at the age of 88.
# Robert De Young

Robert C. De Young (February 22, 1924 – February 15, 2011), was a politician in the American state of Florida. He served in the Florida House of Representatives from 1966 to 1968, representing the 79th district.
# Poggenhagen station

Poggenhagen is a railway station of category six located in Poggenhagen, a borough of Neustadt am Rübenberge, Germany. The station is located on the busy Bremen–Hanover railway and was opened in 1908; the last upgrade was for the launch of the Hanover S-Bahn in 2000, whose line S2 serves the station hourly.
Passing sidings on the western side of the station are also used to run a non-electrified spur to nearby Wunstorf Air Base, but traffic on this spur is very infrequent in recent years. Historically, the spur was of major importance to transport goods to the base during the Berlin Airlift of 1948–49.

## Miscellaneous

The two side platforms, each able to accommodate 3-car trains of the Hanover S-Bahn, are offset so that trains stop past the level crossing in order to allow for an easier flow of car traffic.
# Precision Nanomedicine

Precision Nanomedicine (ISSN 2639-9431) is a platinum open-access peer-reviewed medical journal covering nanomedicine. It is published by Andover House Inc. and the editor-in-chief is Lajos P. Balogh. The journal was established in March 2018 with the support of the European Foundation for Clinical Nanomedicine. Articles cover original research as well as replication studies and negative results in the form of communications, reviews, editorials, perspectives, opinions, case studies, technical notes, and letters to the editor. There are no article processing charges.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in Scopus and the Directory of Open Access Journals
# Wallace E. Sturgis

Wallace Edwin Sturgis Sr. (1898–1966) was an American politician, attorney, and jurist in the state of Florida. He served as a member of the Florida Senate and President of the Florida Senate.

## Background

In an interview with the Ocala Evening Star, Sturgis stated that he was born on a cotton plantation in Swiftwater, Mississippi. A talented student, he became the youngest member of his class at the Mississippi Agricultural and Mechanical College. He left college in 1916 to enlist in the United States Army, where he was stationed at the Mexico–United States border in Texas. After the start of World War I, Sturgis was stationed in France and as a commissioned officer.
After the war, Sturgis entered law school at the University of Virginia School of Law, though he completed his coursework at George Washington University Law School. While a law student, he worked at the United States General Land Office in Washington, D.C.
In 1928, Sturgis left Washington, D.C. and established a private legal practice in Ocala, Florida. He was a leader in his local chapter of the American Legion and became active in the Republican Party of Florida. In 1943, he was elected to the Florida Senate. In 1956, Sturgis resigned from the legislature to serve as a circuit court judge. He also served as the chair of the state Constitution Advisory Committee. A case was filed against him for his actions as judge.
Sturgis died in March 1966 of a heart attack at Tallahassee Memorial Hospital.
# William C. Coleman Jr.

William C. Coleman Jr. (January 21, 1925 – December 13, 2012) was an American politician. He served as a Republican member of the Florida House of Representatives.

## Life and career

Coleman was born in Martin, Tennessee. He served in the 101st Airborne Division of the United States Army.
Coleman was an insurance agent.
Coleman served in the Florida House of Representatives from 1955 to 1956.
Coleman died on December 13, 2012, at the age of 87.
# Fried onion burger

A fried onion burger, also called an Oklahoma onion burger, is a regional burger style and specialty of Oklahoma cuisine. The dish was created in El Reno, Oklahoma, in the 1920s by a restaurateur searching for a way to stretch ground beef with a less expensive ingredient in order to cheaply feed striking railroad workers during the Great Railroad Strike of 1922. Its primary ingredients are thinly-sliced onions and ground beef.

## Background

According to restaurateur and food historian George Motz, El Reno sits within the American Burger Belt, which reaches from Texas to Wisconsin and where traditional American burgers were created.

## Origin

The burger was created in El Reno during the Great Depression by Homer and Ross Davis, a father and son, at their restaurant Hamburger Inn near the intersection of Route 66 and U.S. Route 81 as a way to stretch ground beef with less expensive onions to feed railroad workers during the Great Railroad Strike of 1922. The Davises named it the Depression Burger and sold it for five cents. The dish spread throughout western Oklahoma.
Other burgers with onions were created around the same time and for the same reasons. According to food historian John T. Edge, the inclusion of a large amount of onions "bespoke a frugal impulse that is more universal than local...the taste for burgers laced with onions was wrought during the days of privation". Extending ground beef with onions also predates the onion burger; the 1883 Boston Cooking School Cookbook included a recipe that called for mashing two or three onions into a pound of ground beef.

## Ingredients and preparation

Thinly sliced onion is piled onto a small thick patty of ground beef, set onto the hot grill, and pressed hard to form a large thin patty with the onions embedded into the meat. The burger is approximately half onion.
The burger is seared for a short time on the first side, and when flipped, the onions cook and caramelize. Buns are untoasted and are steamed on top of the grilling burger before assembling the sandwich. Garnishes include American cheese, pickles, and sometimes condiments.

## Popularity

As late as 2016 the burger was not well known outside of El Reno. The burger became better known outside of the area in the 2010s and 2020s; according to J. Kenji Lopez-Alt, the burger became known outside the area due to the work of Motz.
The city of El Reno holds a Fried Onion Burger Day festival annually on the first Saturday in May.
Nic’s Grill in Norman and its onion burger were featured on Diners, Drive-Ins and Dives on August 7, 2009.
# Charles J. King

Charles James "Jim" King (February 3, 1925 – February 21, 2016) was a politician in the American state of Florida. He served in the Florida House of Representatives from 1967 to 1970, representing the 89th district.
# Bill Gillespie (politician)

William M. Gillespie (April 19, 1928 – July 5, 2008) was an American politician and attorney in the state of Florida.
Gillespie was born in Daytona Beach, Florida. He attended the University of Florida, Florida State University, and law school at Stetson University. He served in the Florida House of Representatives from 1966 to 1972 for district 10. He is a member of the Democratic Party. His father James U. Gillespie also served in the Florida House of Representatives from 1939 to 1941.