OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Abraham Pais Prize

The Abraham Pais Prize for History of Physics is an award given each year since 2005 jointly by the American Physical Society and the American Institute of Physics for "outstanding scholarly achievements in the history of physics". The prize is named after Abraham Pais (1918–2000), science historian and particle physicist; as of 2024 the recipient receives US$10,000 and a certificate citing the contributions of the recipient, plus an allowance for travel to an APS meeting to receive the award and deliver a lecture on the history of physics.

## Recipients

Source:
* 2005: Martin J. Klein
* 2006: John L. Heilbron
* 2007: Max Jammer
* 2008: Gerald Holton
* 2009: Stephen G. Brush
* 2010: Russell McCormmach
* 2011: Silvan Schweber
* 2012: Lillian Hoddeson
* 2013: Roger H. Stuewer
* 2014: David C. Cassidy
* 2015: Spencer R. Weart
* 2016: Allan Franklin
* 2017: Mary Jo Nye
* 2018: Peter Galison
* 2019: Helge Kragh
* 2020: Dieter Hoffmann
* 2021: Hasok Chang
* 2022: Patricia Fara
* 2023: Jürgen Renn
* 2024: Virginia Trimble
* 2025: Michael Riordan
# Sritej

Shritej is an Indian actor who works in Telugu-language films. He came into limelight with the 2019 film Lakshmi's NTR directed by Ram Gopal Varma where he essayed the role of Nara Chandrababu Naidu. He was also cast in Nandamuri Balakrishna's NTR: Kathanayakudu and NTR: Mahanayakudu as Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy. in Lakshmi's NTR.

## Early career

He started his career as an Assistant Director in 2006 and worked for the films Aadavari Matalaku Arthale Verule (2007) and Mounaragam. Later he worked for the Government documentaries and some temple documentaries till 2013.

## Film career

Shritej started his career in 2013. He played the role of Devineni Nehru in the Film Vangaveeti. He played the role of late Y. S Raja Shekar Reddy, former Chief minister of Andhra Pradesh in NTR: Kathanayakudu and NTR: Mahanayakudu. He later gained prominence with his portrayal of Nara Chandrababu Naidu in the 2019 film Lakshmi's NTR, directed by Ram Gopal Varma.
In an interview, he stated that NTR, Chiranjeevi and Ravi Teja were his inspirations.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role |
| 2013 | Naa Samiranga | Shiva |
| 2014 | Via Papikondalu | Subbu |
| 2014 | Teeyani Kalavo | Ajay |
| 2016 | Vangaveeti | Devineni Nehru |
| 2017 | Kadiley Bhomala Kadha | Sanjay |
| 2018 | Aatagallu | Munna |
| 2018 | Touch Chesi Chudu | Satyadev |
| 2019 | NTR: Kathanayakudu | Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy |
| 2019 | NTR: Mahanayakudu | Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy |
| 2019 | Lakshmi's NTR | Nara Chandrababu Naidu |
| 2021 | Akshara | Sritej |
| 2021 | Naarappa | Ranga Babu |
| 2021 | Pushpa: The Rise | Molleti Dharma Raj |
| 2022 | Itlu Maredumilli Prajaneekam | Kanda |
| 2022 | Dhamaka | Vikram Chakravarthy |
| 2022 | SakalagunabiRama | Sandeep Bhai |
| 2023 | Ravanasura | Devaraju |
| 2023 | Mangalavaaram | Guraja |
| 2023 | Dalari | Vikram Singh |
| 2024 | Pushpa 2: The Rule | Molleti Dharma Raj |

### Television

| Year | Work | Role | Streaming Service |
| 2021 | Parampara | Mohan Rao | Disney+ Hotstar |
| 2022 | 9 Hours | Poorna | Disney+ Hotstar |
| 2024 | Bahishkarana | Darshi | ZEE5 |
# Joseph Ghartey

Joseph Ghartey (born 27 June 1943) is a Ghanaian footballer. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
# Minister of Economy (Malaysia)

The minister of economy, also informally known as the economy minister, is a minister in the Government of Malaysia, with overall responsibility for the functions and objectives of the Ministry of Economy. The incumbent is a member of the Cabinet of Malaysia.
The current minister of economy is Rafizi Ramli, who was appointed under Anwar Ibrahim following the 2022 Malaysian general election and the subsequent formation of the Unity Government. The office holder works alongside the deputy minister of economy, presently Hanifah Hajar Taib. The corresponding shadow minister is the shadow minister of economy, Syahir Sulaiman.

## List of ministers
### Economic affairs/economy

The following individuals have held office as Minister of Economic Affairs/Economy:
Political party:  PH
| Portrait | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) Constituency | Political party | Title | Took office | Left office | Deputy Minister | Prime Minister (Cabinet) |
| | | Mohamed Azmin Ali (b. 1964) MP for Gombak | PH (PKR) | Minister of Economic Affairs | 21 May 2018 | 24 February 2020 | Radzi Jidin | Mahathir Mohamad (VII) |
| | | Rafizi Ramli (b. 1977) MP for Pandan | PH (PKR) | Minister of Economy | 3 December 2022 | Incumbent | Hanifah Hajar Taib | Anwar Ibrahim (I) |

### General Planning and Sosio-Economic Research

The following individuals have been appointed as Minister of General Planning and Sosio-Economic Research, or any of its precedent titles.
Political party:  BN
| Portrait | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) Constituency | Political party | Title | Took office | Left office | Deputy Minister | Prime Minister (Cabinet) |
| | | Abdul Taib Mahmud (1936–2024) MP for Samarahan | BN (PBB) | Minister of General Planning and Sosio-Economic Research | 1974 | 1976 | Vacant | Abdul Razak Hussein (II) |

### Prime Minister's Department (Economic Planning Unit)

The following individuals have held office as the Minister in the Prime Minister's Department under the Economic Planning Unit (EPU) department:
Political party:  BN  Independent  PN
| Name (Birth–Death) Constituency | Political party | Responsible for | Took office | Left office | Deputy Minister | Prime Minister (Cabinet) |
| Amirsham Abdul Aziz (b. 1964) Senator | BN (UMNO) | Economic Planning Unit (EPU) Department | 19 March 2008 | 9 April 2009 | Vacant | Abdullah Ahmad Badawi (III) |
| Nor Mohamed Yakcop (b. 1947) MP for Tasek Gelugor | BN (UMNO) | Economic Planning Unit (EPU) Department | 10 April 2009 | 15 May 2013 | Vacant | Najib Razak (I) |
| Abdul Wahid Omar (b. 1964) Senator | Independent | Economic Planning Unit (EPU) Department | 5 June 2013 | 4 June 2016 | Vacant | Najib Razak (II) |
| Abdul Rahman Dahlan (b. 1965) MP for Kota Belud | BN (UMNO) | Economic Planning Unit (EPU) Department | 27 June 2016 | 9 May 2018 | Devamany S. Krishnasamy | Najib Razak (II) |
| Mustapa Mohamed (b. 1950) MP for Jeli | PN (BERSATU) | Economic Planning Unit (EPU) Department | 10 March 2020 | 24 November 2022 | Arthur Joseph Kurup (2020–2021) Eddin Syazlee Shith (2021–2022) | Muhyiddin Yassin (I) Ismail Sabri Yaakob (I) |
# Pothole (disambiguation)

A pothole is a surface disruption in a roadway, caused by fatigue and erosion.
Pothole may also refer to:
* Pothole (geology), a phenomenon encountered in the platinum mining industry in South Africa
* Pothole (landform), evorsion, swirlhole, or giant's kettle, a smooth, bowl-shaped or cylindrical hollow created by water erosion of bedrock
* Pothole, or panhole, a shallow solution basin, or closed depression, found on flat or gently sloping rock
* Pothole, a shallow depression formed during deglaciation commonly known as a kettle (landform), often containing a lake or marsh, as in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America
* Pothole, or pit cave, a predominantly vertical cave system
# John Loebs

John Loebs (September 10, 1853 – after 1930) was an American politician. He was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

## Biography

Loebs was born on September 10, 1853, in Sherman, Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, the son of Lewis Loebs and Christina Elizabeth née Saeman. He attended Northwestern College before moving to Campbellsport, Wisconsin, where he was an officer for the First National Bank of Campbellsport. He married Ella Mary Denniston in 1880. Together with William Knickel, John Loebs operated the former Saeman store in Campbellsport until it was destroyed by a fire in 1908.

## Career

Loebs was elected to the Assembly in 1902. He was a Republican.
# Richard D. Hayden

Richard D. Hayden (May 7, 1928 – August 4, 2017) served as a Republican in the California State Assembly for the 22nd district. During World War II he served in the United States Army. He was born in Niles, Michigan and died in Sunnyvale, California.
# La Folia Barockorchester

The La Folia Barockorchester is a Baroque orchestra dedicated to historically informed performance. It was founded in Dresden, Saxony, Germany, in 2007 by Robin Peter Müller, who has been its artistic director and concert master. Named after "La Folia", it is focused on music that was performed at the court of Dresden, which they have played at international festivals, and recorded.

## History

The orchestra La Folia Barockorchester was founded in Dresden in 2007, dedicated to historically informed performance. Founder Robin Peter Müller is its artistic director and concert master. It is named after "La Folia", a Baroque form inviting to bold creativity. The orchestra is focused on the music of the 17th and 18th centuries, such as works by Antonio Vivaldi and George Frederic Handel. The musicians from Dresden are especially interested in music performed at the court of Dresden, including music by Johann Adolph Hasse, Johann David Heinichen and Antonio Lotti. In 2017, they made the first recording of rediscovered anonymous violin concertos, titled Rediscovered Treasures from Dresden. The works were found in Schrank No. II behind the organ of the Dresden Hofkirche, where they had survived several fires. The cabinet contained manuscripts that Johann Georg Pisendel, concert master of the Hofkapelle for 40 years, had made as copies when traveling and studying in Italy. The musicians chose not to try to discover the identity of the composers, but let the music speak for itself. A reviewer noted:
   These engaging performances from La Folia, so full of detail, are often infused with the spirit of the dance and never feel rushed. It's hard to fault the fresh, vibrant and buoyant playing supplying dance-like Allegros, and Adagios and Largos that feel calmly meditative or dreamily reflective.
The size of the orchestra varies depending on the project, from a small ensemble to a late-Baroque orchestra. They have collaborated with notable soloists, including Dorothee Mields, Regula Mühlemann, Hille Perl, Simone Kermes, Dorothee Oberlinger, Maurice Steger and Jan Vogler.
In 2021, a concert in the Basilica of Eberbach Abbey as part of the Rheingau Musik Festival presented music from Baroque opera, mainly Purcell's King Arthur and The Fairy-Queen, with four vocal soloists including Anna Prohaska. Titled "Glorious Revolution", it was aired live by many stations as part of the ARD Radiofestival.

## Recordings

* 2014: Vivaldi: Concerti furiosi. Deutsche Harmonia Mundi/Sony
* 2014: Concerti di Venezia by Vivaldi, Nicola Porpora and Benedetto Marcello. Sony Classical
* 2015: Vivaldi: Le quattro stagioni. Stockfisch Records
* 2017: Cleopatra. Baroque Arias by Handel, Hasse, Giovanni Legrenzi a.o., with Regula Mühlemann (soprano), Sony Classical
* 2017: Händel with Dorothee Mields and Hille Perl, Deutsche Harmonia Mundi/Sony
* 2017: Rediscovered treasures from Dresden, Deutsche Harmonia Mundi/Sony
# Re Badeck's application

Re Badeck's application (2000) C-158/97 is a German and EU labour law case concerning positive action.

## Facts

The First Minister and Attorney General of Hesse, CDU member Georg Badeck, wanted to review a Hesse law which set out a list of positive action measures for appointment to public office. They argued it violated the German Grundgesetz constitutional duty to get the best people for the job, and violated the Equal Treatment Directive 76/207/EC articles 2(1) and 2(4).

## Judgment

The European Court of Justice held that priority for under represented groups was lawful, but that priority could not be automatic. The following public sector positive action measures were in fact legitimate under article 2(4): (1) aiming to get a parity split of men and women in the public sector, (2) providing a quota for female academic staff too, (3) reserving half the training places in certain fields for women, (4) providing that suitably qualified women would be guaranteed an interview, and an equal number to men. The summary of the judgment on the limits and what is not precluded by EU law was stated as follows.
   Article 2(1) and (4) of Directive 76/207 on the implementation of the principle of equal treatment for men and women as regards access to employment, vocational training and promotion, and working conditions does not preclude a national rule which,
   * in sectors of the public service where women are under-represented, gives priority, where male and female candidates have equal qualifications, to female candidates where that proves necessary for ensuring compliance with the objectives of the women's advancement plan, if no reasons of greater legal weight are opposed, provided that that rule guarantees that candidatures are the subject of an objective assessment which takes account of the specific personal situations of all candidates,
   * prescribes that the binding targets of the women's advancement plan for temporary posts in the academic service and for academic assistants must provide for a minimum percentage of women which is at least equal to the percentage of women among graduates, holders of higher degrees and students in each discipline,
   * in so far as its objective is to eliminate under-representation of women, in trained occupations in which women are under-represented and for which the State does not have a monopoly of training, allocates at least half the training places to women, unless despite appropriate measures for drawing the attention of women to the training places available there are not enough applications from women,
   * where male and female candidates have equal qualifications, guarantees that qualified women who satisfy all the conditions required or laid down are called to interview, in sectors in which they are under-represented,
   * relating to the composition of employees' representative bodies and administrative and supervisory bodies, recommends that the legislative provisions adopted for its implementation take into account the objective that at least half the members of those bodies must be women.
# Kuhpanj Rural District

Kuhpanj Rural District (Persian: دهستان كوه پنج) is in the Central District of Bardsir County, Kerman province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Mahunak.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 2,898 in 702 households. There were 2,459 inhabitants in 740 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 6,040 in 1,922 households. The most populous of its 295 villages was Deh-e Larz, with 335 people.
# Frank Stephens (advocate)

John Franklin "Frank" Stephens (born April 9, 1982) is an American disability advocate, actor and athlete. He has Down syndrome and has often acted as a spokesman for those with the genetic disorder. He is an ambassador for Global Down Syndrome Foundation and represented the Foundation at the first U.S. congressional hearing for Down syndrome research.

## Early life

Stephens was born April 9, 1982, in Fayetteville, Arkansas, to Cornelia and John. He grew up in Fairfax, Virginia.

## Advocacy

Stephens has been a public spokesman for those with Down syndrome for many years.
In October 2012, he wrote an open letter to Ann Coulter about her use of slurs against mentally disabled people when referring to then-US President Barack Obama. Coulter refused to apologize, and Stephens spoke publicly to Piers Morgan as a result of the publicity.
In 2016, he received the Quincy Jones Exceptional Advocacy Award from the Global Down Syndrome Foundation, after the Coulter incident and a discussion that year with comedian Gary Owen about an offensive routine.
In September 2017, he joined Global Down Syndrome Foundation to testify before the U.S. Congress on the importance of Down syndrome research and talked about abortion of fetuses with Down syndrome, arguing it is immoral. One of his most famous lines was "If you take one thing away from today, I want you to know that I am a man with Down syndrome and my life is worth living." Stephens received what is believed to be the first and only standing ovation at a congressional briefing and his testimony on C-Span went viral receiving well over 1M views. Today he is also the Ambassador for the Foundation and represents the organizations at many research and medical care conferences and workshops.

## Acting

Stephens has acted in multiple plays for ArtStream, a local theater group. He has also had roles in feature-length films including Touched by Grace and Dawn.

## Special Olympics

Stephens has competed in the Special Olympics in equestrian events. He is also on the board of Special Olympics Virginia.
# Tourism in Niger

There is relatively limited tourism in Niger. Most of the tourism industry is in the north, where the city of Agadez allows access to the desert. Other places that see tourism are the capital city, Niamey, areas around the Niger River, and reserves such as Kouré which is known for West African giraffes.
Tourism in Northern Niger started to develop in the 1970s. Tourism dropped during the Tuareg rebellion in the early 90s.
There is an ongoing travel warning to Niger because of terrorism as a result of the Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present) and the Boko Haram insurgency. The 2020 Toumour attacks happened on the 12th of December 2020, when Boko Haram militants attacked the village of Toumour, killing 28 people and wounding around 100 people.
# Coprinopsis psychromorbida

Coprinopsis psychromorbida or cottony snow mold is a cause of snow mold. It is a basidiomycete, a psychrophile, and a plant pathogen.

## Physiology

C. psychromorbida can thrive at least down to −5 °C (23 °F), optimally 5–10 °C (41–50 °F), and ceases growth at 25 °C (77 °F).

## Hosts

Grows as a snow mold in wheat, rye, and other grasses (Poaceae) and can also cause storage rotting in apple and pear.
# Isidor Hilberg

Isidor Hilberg (May 28, 1852, at Byelaya Tzerkov, Russian Empire – October 28, 1919, in Vienna), was a classical scholar in Austria-Hungary.
In 1856 he went with his parents to Vienna, where he received his early education. Subsequently he studied classical philology at the University of Vienna under Vahlen, Gomperz, Emanuel Hoffmann, and Hartel (Ph.D. 1874). In 1875, he studied for half a year in Italy, and became privatdozent in classical philology at the University of Vienna in 1877. In 1879 he was appointed assistant professor at Prague University, and in 1882 professor at the University of Czernowitz, of which he was "Rector Magnificus" in 1898. He is now best known for his three-volume edition of the letters of St. Jerome in the Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum.

## Works

* "Eustathii Macrembolitæ Protonobilissimi de Hysmines et Hysminiæ Amoribus Libri xi." Vienna, 1876.
* "Epistula Critica ad Joannem Vahlenum de Nonnullis Scriptorum Græcorum et Romanorum Locis Emendandis Explicandisve," Vienna, 1877.
* "Das Gesetz der trochäischen Wortformen im Dactylischen, Hexameter und Pentameter der Griechen vom 7. Jahrh. v. Chr. bis zum Untergang der Griechischen Poesie," Vienna, 1878.
* "Das Princip der Silbenwägung und die daraus entspringenden Gesetze der Endsilben in der griechischen Poesie," Vienna, 1879.
* "Die Gesetze der Wortstellung im Pentameter des Ovid," Leipzig, 1894.
* "Philologie und Naturwissenschaft" (his discourse when appointed rector) Czernowitz, 1898.
* (ed.) "Sancti Eusebii Hieronymi Epistulae," Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum, 54–56. Vienna, 1910-1918.
# Maxi Sandal 2003 / Moonlight

Maxi Sandal 2003 / Moonlight is the first Maxi Single (EP/hybrid album) released in 2003 of the Turkish pop singer Mustafa Sandal and the Greek pop singer Natalia.

## Track listing

* Maxi Sandal 2003 / Moonlight, 2003
* "Aşka Yürek Gerek (Duet Natalia)" – – 5:46
* "Moonlight (Duet Gülcan)" – – 3:59
* "Yok Gerekçem (Duet Natalia)" – – 3:19
* "En Kötü İhtimalle" – – 3:43
* "Kop (Remix)" – – 4:13
* "Aşka Yürek Gerek (Orient Mix) (Duet Natalia)" – – 4:05
* "Aya Benzer (2003 Mix) (Duet Gülcan)" – – 3:59
* "Aşka Yürek Gerek (Dance Mix) (Duet Natalia)" – – 4:40
* "Aşka Yürek Gerek (Club Trance Mix) (Duet Natalia)" – – 7:20

## Credits

* Music direction, arrangements: Yıldıray Gürgen, Alain Konakoğlu, Serkan Dinçer, Bebe Cüneyt, Bülent Aris, Volga Tamöz, Altan Çetin
* Mixing: Alain Konakoğlu
* Publisher: Erol Köse
* Photography: Zeynel Abidin

## Music videos

* "Aşka Yürek Gerek"
* "Moonlight"
* "Aya Benzer (2003 Mix) (Duet Gülcan)"

## Trivia

* The song "Aşka Yürek Gerek" was a Turkish translation of the Greek folk song "Anaveis Foties"
* The Turkish translation was first sung by female Turkish pop singer Dilek Budak
# Oxychilus mortilleti

Oxychilus mortilleti is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Oxychilidae.
The specific name mortilleti is in honor of French scientist Louis Laurent Gabriel de Mortillet (1821–1898).

## Distribution

The type locality is Lombardia, northern Italy.
This species is known to occur in:
* Czech Republic - in Bohemia only
# Nicolás Schiappacasse

Nicolás Javier Schiappacasse Oliva (born 12 January 1999) is a Uruguayan professional footballer who plays as a forward for Miramar Misiones.

## Club career
### River Plate Montevideo

Born in Montevideo, Schiappacasse joined River Plate Montevideo's youth setup in 2014 at the age of 11, from Club Universal. On 5 January 2015, aged only 15, he started training with the first-team.
On 19 April 2015, already sold to Atlético Madrid, Schiappacasse made his main squad – and Primera División – debut, coming on as a late substitute for Santiago García in a 2–0 home win against Juventud. He scored his first professional goal on 23 May, netting his team's third in a 4–0 home routing of El Tanque Sisley.

### Atlético Madrid

In July 2016, aged 17, Schiappacasse was a part of Atlético Madrid's pre-season under Diego Simeone. He was subsequently assigned to the Juvenil A squad, thus returning to youth football.
Schiappacasse made his debut for Atleti's B-team on 11 September 2016, replacing Caio Henrique and scoring his team's second in a 2–3 away loss against AD Unión Adarve in the Tercera División. He contributed with three goals in 14 appearances for the reserves, achieving promotion to the Segunda División B.
For the 2017–18 season, Schiappacasse only featured rarely for the B-side.

#### Rayo Majadahonda (loan)

On 7 August 2018, Schiappacasse was loaned to CF Rayo Majadahonda of the Segunda División for a year.

#### Parma (loan)

On 31 January 2019, Schiappacasse signed for Serie A club Parma on loan until 30 June 2020.

#### Famalicão (loan)

On 18 July 2019, newly promoted Portuguese Primeira Liga side Famalicão announced the signing of Schiappacasse on a season-long loan deal.

### Sassuolo

On 5 October 2020, Italian Serie A club Sassuolo announced the signing of Schiappacasse on a permanent basis.

#### Peñarol (loan)

On 30 March 2021, Schiappacasse returned to Uruguay after agreeing to a season-long loan deal with Peñarol.

## International career

Schiappacasse is a former Uruguay youth international. He has amassed 80 caps and 35 goals for different youth teams of Uruguay over six years. He was part of Uruguayan squad at the 2013 South American U-15 Championship, 2015 South American U-17 Championship, 2017 South American U-20 Championship, 2017 FIFA U-20 World Cup, 2019 South American U-20 Championship and the 2019 FIFA U-20 World Cup.
With 21 goals, Schiappacasse is the all-time top scorer of the Uruguay under-20 team. He is also second in number of matches played for the under-20 team, only behind Rodrigo Amaral. He also used to be joint all-time top scorer of the Uruguay under-17 team along with Franco Acosta, a feat which was surpassed by Facundo Torres in 2017.
On 1 September 2024, Schiappacasse made his debut for Uruguay A' national team in a 1–1 draw against Guatemala.

## Personal life

Schiappacasse is of Italian descent, and holds an Italian passport. On 26 January 2022, he was arrested by police in Uruguay for carrying a concealed firearm on his way to a derby between Nacional and Peñarol. He stated he was going to deliver it to a Peñarol hooligan.