OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ancestral home (Chinese)

In Chinese culture, an ancestral home is the place of origin of one's extended family. It may or may not be the place where one is born. For instance, Lien Chan was born in Xi'an, but his ancestral home is Zhangzhou.

## Definition

A subjective concept, a person's ancestral home could be the birthplace of any of their patriline ancestors. Su Shi limited it to five generations, i.e. it refers to the home of one's great-great-grandfather. Even more broadly, an ancestral home can refer to the first locality where a surname came to be established or prominent. Commonly, a person usually defines their hometown as what their father considers to be his ancestral home. In practice, most people would define their ancestral homes as the birthplace of their patriline ancestors from the early 20th century, around the time when government authorities began to collect such information from individuals.
Moreover, a person's ancestral home can be defined in any level of locality, from province and county down to town and village, depending on how much an individual knows about their ancestry.

## Implications

The Chinese emphasis on a person's ancestral home is a legacy of its history as an agrarian society, where a family would often be tied to its land for generations. In Chinese culture, the importance of family and regional identity are such that a person's ancestral home or birthplace plays an important social role in personal identity. For instance, at a university, students who hail from the same region will often become members of the regional/hometown society or club for other people with the same background. Discussion of personal or ancestral origins is typical when two people meet for the first time. In recent years, the root-seeking (尋根 xúngēn) movement has led to greater interest in ancestral hometowns, especially among overseas Chinese.
Ancestral lineages are an important part of Chinese business culture as it plays a central part of negotiating guanxi. It can also have implications in other areas like politics. See: Shanghainese people in Hong Kong for an example of how ancestry and lineage systems play a part in business practices.
Ancestral home is an item to be filled in many documents in the People's Republic of China, as well as in pre-1997 Hong Kong. Forms that required listing of "ancestral home" (籍貫) included school handbooks to be signed by the parents of schoolchildren.

## Taiwan

National ID cards issued in Taiwan by the Republic of China government formerly carried an entry for "home citizenship" (本籍). Citizens would usually have their ancestral home (defined through the patriline) stated on these documents, despite having never set foot in their ancestral home. This practice was abolished by the government in the mid-1990s amid the Taiwan localization movement.

## Singapore

Birth Certificates of Singapore issued by the Immigration and Checkpoints Authority carried the entries for "dialect group" (labeled as 籍贯 in Chinese) for newborn's parents.
# Joseph T. Doyle

Joseph Ted Doyle (October 6, 1931 – December 18, 2012) was an American politician and judge from Pennsylvania who served as a Democratic member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for the 163rd district from 1971 to 1978. He also served as judge of the Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania from 1982 to 2002 including as president judge from 1992 to 2002.

## Early life and education

Doyle was born in Ridley Park, Pennsylvania to Frank J. and Mary Bellwoar Doyle and graduated from St. James High School in Chester, Pennsylvania. He received a B.S. degree from La Salle College in 1951, a J.D. from Villanova University Law School in 1958 and a LL.M from the University of Virginia in 1990.

## Career

Doyle worked as an attorney, as editor of the Delaware County Legal Journal, as solicitor for the Borough of Yeadon and as solicitor for the Borough of Brookhaven Zoning Board.
He was elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for the 163rd district in 1971 and served 4 consecutive terms until 1978. He was not a candidate for reelection in 1979. He had an unsuccessful campaign for the Pennsylvania State Senate in 1978 and an unsuccessful campaign for reelection to the House in 1980.
He was elected judge of the Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania and served from 1982 to 2002 including as president judge from 1992 to 2002.
He received an honorary Doctor of Laws degree from Widener University in 2001.
He is interred at the Calvary Cemetery in West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania.
# Frederick Hobbs (Pennsylvania politician)

Frederick H. Hobbs (January 6, 1934 – July 22, 2005) is a former member of the Pennsylvania State Senate, serving as a Republican from 1967 to 1976.

## Formative years

Born in Pottsville, Pennsylvania on January 6, 1934, Frederick Hobbs was a son of H. (Howard) Blake Hobbs (1911–1973) of Nescopeck and Marian Hause (1908–1984) of Pottsville. His father founded the Telephone Answering Service in Allentown in 1939, and was a high school teacher in Lehigh County.
Hobbs graduated from Governor Dummer Academy in Byfield, Massachusetts, Amherst College and Georgetown University School of Law. He then also served in the United States Army.

## Career and family

Beginning in 1961, he maintained a law practice in Pottsville while serving as solicitor for the Schuylkill County Housing Authority, the Schuylkill County Commissioners and the Blythe Township Planning Commission, and also representing the State Workers' Insurance Fund.
Hobbs served in the Pennsylvania State Senate for ten years (1967–1976), where he was the Republican Minority Chairman of the committee on Business and Commerce and also served on the Judiciary, Law and Justice, Insurance and State Government and Finance committees.
In 1968, Hobbs married Pamela Watkins (born 1943) of Butler Township. Her father was G. Harold Watkins, who had been the Pennsylvania state senator for the same 29th District from 1941 to 1944.
Hobbs was a member of the Executive Committee of the Schuylkill County Republican Committee, and was also a member of the Sons of the American Revolution.
In 1974, Hobbs took part in a mock trial of John Kehoe, an alleged Mollie Maguire ringleader. During the program, which was sponsored by the Schuylkill County Historical Society, Hobbs acted as the presiding judge; the original evidence was presented under modern day court rules. The mock trial jury found the defendant "Not Guilty" after deliberating thirty minutes.
In 1976, Hobbs lost his seat to Democratic candidate Joseph Gurzenda, becoming only the second Republican to lose this seat since 1900.
After his election defeat, he served on the board of directors of the Union Bank & Trust Co. and the Schuylkill County Drug & Alcohol Commission, as well as other community and fraternal groups. Although he was thought to be a future candidate for a judgeship, that never came to fruition.
# Phyllis Kernick

Phyllis T. Kernick (December 14, 1924 – January 21, 2009) was a Democratic member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.

## Formative years and family

Born in Penn Hills, Pennsylvania, on December 14, 1924, Kernick graduated from Penn Hills High School and the two-year business program of the Robert Morris School of Business (now Robert Morris University).
She then pursued further studies at Duquesne University, Point Park College (now Point Park University), and the University of Pittsburgh's Institute of Local Government.
She and her husband, William Kernick, had six children between 1947 and 1960.

## Career

Employed as a secretary with the international law firm of Reed Smith, she was elected as auditor for the Allegheny County Hospital Development Authority in 1964, and was then elected as treasurer of Penn Hills Township, serving in that capacity from 1969 to 1976. During her early career, she had also served as a member of the Allegheny Regional Planning Council and the Governor's Justice Commission.
Elected as a Democrat to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for the 1974 term, she was subsequently reelected in 1976 and 1978.
Following her resignation from the Pennsylvania House on January 7, 1980, she was elected as mayor of Penn Hills Township. She served in that capacity from 1980 to 1984. Roughly a decade later, she was elected to the Penn Hills Township Council, and served on that leadership body from 1994 to 1998.

## Death and interment

Kernick died from congestive heart failure at the age of eighty-four on January 21, 2009, in Penn Hills Township, and was interred at the Plum Creek Cemetery in Plum, Pennsylvania.
# Donald W. Fox

Donald William Fox (May 28, 1922 – April 22, 2021) was an American politician who served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing Lawrence County, Pennsylvania from 1957 until 1969, when he was elected to represent the 10th legislative district in Lawrence County, Pennsylvania.

## Formative years

Born in North Beaver Township, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania on May 28, 1922, Fox graduated from Mt. Jackson Township High School, and earned his A.B. degree from Westminster College in 1944. A lieutenant with the United States Navy from 1943 to 1946 during World War II, he served aboard the USS Dauphin from 1944 to 1946. Professionally, he was employed in the dairy business, and was involved in the processing and distribution of milk and milk products.

## Political career

In 1956, he was elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. During his nine consecutive terms, he served as Republican Caucus Secretary from 1971 to 1974, and was appointed to the Joint State Government Commission (from 1971 to 1974).

## Later life and death

Unsuccessful in his 1974 bid for reelection, he was hired as an instructor by Westminster College, and was then appointed to the State Board of Education, a post he held from 1976 to 1987.
He died in April 2021 at the age of 98.
# Gerald McKelvey

Gerald J. McKelvey (March 1, 1946 – April 23, 2009) was a former Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.
# David W. Sweet

David W. Sweet (born October 8, 1948) is an attorney and commissioner on the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission. He was also a former member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from Washington, PA.
He earned a B.A. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1970, a M.A. from University of Chicago in 1971, and a J.D. from the Dickinson School of Law in 1981.
He was first elected to represent the 48th legislative district in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1976. During his legislative career, he served as chair of the House Local Government Committee from 1987 to 1988, shepherding bills on local tax reform, distressed municipalities, and land use and zoning regulations to enactment.
Sweet was campaign manager for Ed Rendell during his 2002 gubernatorial election. He later served as executive director for the Rendell transition team. He declined an offer to become Rendell's chief of staff and returned to legal practice at Buchanan, Ingersoll & Rooney.
The Pennsylvania Report named him to the 2003 "The Pennsylvania Report Power 75" list of influential figures in Pennsylvania politics, crediting him with "much of Rendell’s western Pennsylvania success," In 2009, the Pennsylvania Report named him to "The Pennsylvania Report 100" list of influential figures in Pennsylvania politics, noting that he "continues to be a key insider among Democratic power circles" and that he remains "an informal advisor to Governor Rendell." In 2003, he was named to the PoliticsPA "Power 50" list of politically influential individuals in Pennsylvania.
# Leonard Martino

Leonard L. Martino (March 17, 1925 – February 19, 2021) was an American politician who was a Democratic member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.
He was born in Butler to Michael and Angela Ditullio Martino.
# Raymond Book

Raymond Thomas Book (February 14, 1925 – May 6, 2018) was a Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.
# Patrick J. Stapleton Jr.

Patrick J. Stapleton (January 7, 1924 – March 13, 2001) was a Democratic member of the Pennsylvania State Senate.

## Life

Stapleton, a native of Indiana, Pennsylvania, served in the U.S. Navy during World War II. He graduated from Indiana State Teachers College, now known as Indiana University of Pennsylvania, in 1949.
He was sworn in as a Pennsylvania State Senator for the 41st senatorial district on June 8, 1970. He would become known as a "fixture in the state Senate." He served as a leader in the Democratic Caucus as Policy Committee Chairman from 1983 through 1996 and as Caucus Administrator beginning in 1997.
Stapleton retired prior to the 2000 election, supporting the eventual Democratic nominee, Jim McQuown in the "wide-open race" to succeed him. However, McQuown lost to Donald C. White 54–46 in the general election. He died in 2001.

## Legacy

The Patrick J. Stapleton Jr. Library at the Indiana University of Pennsylvania is named after him.
His son, Patrick, is a member of the State Liquor Control Board.
# Bert Daikeler

Bert C. Daikeler (February 23, 1928 – January 7, 2012) was a Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.
# Park Tae-sik

Park Tae-sik (born 8 January 1952) is a South Korean boxer. He competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics and the 1976 Summer Olympics. At the 1976 Summer Olympics, he lost to Vladimir Kolev of Bulgaria.
# John E. Kerrigan

John E. Kerrigan (October 1, 1908 – May 2, 1987) was an American politician, the acting mayor of Boston in 1945 after then-Mayor Maurice J. Tobin became governor of Massachusetts.

## Biography

Kerrigan was born on October 1, 1908, and was a graduate of South Boston High School.

## Early career

He began serving on the Boston City Council in 1933. He was council president in 1938, 1944, and 1945. As council president, Kerrigan was acting mayor during the Hurricane of 1938 due to Mayor Maurice J. Tobin being on a speaking tour in the West Coast. He also served one term in the Massachusetts Senate, 1939–1941.

## Mayoralty

As president of the Council in 1945, Kerrigan became acting Mayor of Boston upon the inauguration of Maurice J. Tobin, who had been mayor since 1938, as governor. Initially with limited authority, Kerrigan was given full mayoral powers by the Massachusetts legislature on January 25, 1945. His mayoralty was defined by shortages and debt due to the postwar climate. He passed a bill that saved Boston taxpayers approximately $12 million over the next 20 years by refinancing the bonded debt from the Sumner Tunnel. He also was able to increase the city's income by leasing the Houghton & Dutton department store on Tremont Street to the federal government. He promoted many long-term construction programs to spur growth within the city. He was defeated in the November 1945 mayoral election by James Michael Curley. Kerrigan served as acting mayor in January 1946, until Curley was inaugurated.

## Retirement and death

Kerrigan retired from the City Council in 1973, having served a total of 15 terms, non-consecutively. He died on May 2, 1987, of cardiac arrest at Boston City Hospital. He had never married.
# Waniewo, Wysokie Mazowieckie County

Waniewo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sokoły, within Wysokie Mazowieckie County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) north-east of Sokoły, 26 km (16 mi) north-east of Wysokie Mazowieckie, and 26 km (16 mi) west of the regional capital Białystok.
# Edward S. Esty

Edward Selover Esty (July 17, 1824 – October 2, 1890) was an American politician from New York.

## Life

Edward S. Esty was born in Ithaca, New York on July 17, 1824, the son of Joseph Esty (born 1798) and Mary (Selover) Esty. He attended the common schools and Ithaca Academy. Then he engaged in farming and tanning. On May 12, 1846, he married Amelia Wilgus, and they had three children.
He was a member of the New York State Assembly (Tompkins Co.) in 1858.
He was President of the Board of Education of Ithaca from 1874 until his death; and Vice President of the First National Bank of Ithaca from 1883 until his death.
He was a member of the New York State Senate (26th D.) in 1884 and 1885.
He died on October 2, 1890, while on a visit in Boston, and was buried in Ithaca.

## Sources

* ↑ "Death of Senator Esty". The Plain Speaker. Ithaca. October 4, 1890. p. 1. Retrieved January 6, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
* The New York Red Book compiled by Edgar L. Murlin (published by James B. Lyon, Albany NY, 1897; pg. 403 and 483)
* Biographical sketches of the Members of the Legislature in The Evening Journal Almanac (1885)
* TELEGRAPHIC BREVITIES; The funeral of Edward S. Esty, who died in Boston last week... in NYT on October 7, 1890
* Esty genealogy at RootsWeb
* Edward S. Esty at Tompkins County Gen Web
New York State Assembly :
| Preceded byAlexander Bower (1st D.) Elias W. Cady (2nd D.) | New York State Assembly Tompkins County 1858 | Succeeded byWilliam Woodbury |
| New York State Senate |||
| Preceded byDavid H. Evans | New York State Senate 26th District 1884–1885 | Succeeded byCharles F. Barager |
# Tomás Bilbao Hospitalet

Tomás Bilbao Hospitalet (1890–1954) was a Basque-origin Spanish architect and politician. He was among the founders of Basque Nationalist Action. After serving as a minister of justice he exiled first to France and then, to Mexico.

## Early life and education

Bilbao was born in Bilbao on 18 September 1890 and his father was a building contractor. He received a degree in architecture in 1918 from the School of Architecture of Madrid.

## Career

After working as an architect Bilbao designed Altos Hornos de Vizcaya in 1929. Like other architects of his generation he was influenced from German expressionism and the architectural approach led by Erich Mendelsohn. Bilbao was involved in politics becoming a cofounder of the Basque Nationalist Action party in 1930 and the president of the Bilbao Municipal Housing Board in 1931. He was also councillor and deputy mayor of the Bilbao City Council during the Second Republic. In the period 1937–1938 he was minister of justice.

## Exile, personal life and death

After the Civil War Bilbao first exiled to France. Then he settled in Mexico in May 1942 when France was invaded by the Nazi forces. There he worked for the Compañía Mexicana de Comercio Exterior.
Bilbao was married to Julia Durán with whom he had seven children. Their oldest son was arrested and executed following the exile of his father. Tomás Bilbao died in Mexico City on 16 March 1954.
One of his grandchildren, Tatiana Bilbao, is a well-known architect in Mexico.
# Begamganj

Begumganj is a town and a municipality in Raisen district in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. and is located on the Bhopal - Sagar National Highway (NH-86 A) 120 km away from Bhopal. It is one of the five divisions of the Raisen district.

## Geography

Begumganj is located at 23°36′N 78°20′E﻿ / ﻿23.6°N 78.33°E﻿ / 23.6; 78.33. It has an average elevation of 498 metres (1633 feet). It is located on the river Bina. It is about 120 km north of Bhopal, the capital of the Central Indian State of Madhya Pradesh, and is about 85 km from Raisen town, which is the district headquarters. It is much easier to reach Begumganj from Bhopal. On account of better roads and more frequent buses plying between Bhopal and Begumganj. It takes about 2.5 hours by a public transport bus to reach Begumganj from Bhopal, connected with fine state highway no.21. These buses are available 24 Hours from ISBT (Inter State Bus Terminal, Hoshangabad Road) stand of Bhopal. The nearest railway station is Sagar, 60 kilometers east of Begumganj.

## Demographics

As of the 2011 Census of India, Begumganj had a population of 34,031. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Begumganj has an average literacy rate of 72%, higher than the national average of 72.5%; with 58% of the males and 42% of females literate. 17% of the population is under 6 years of age. Begumganj has a mixed population of Hindus and Muslims. in the town, the Hindus and Muslims are almost in equal numbers.

## Transport

The nearest airport is Bhopal.roads connected it from Sagar, Raisen and Bhopal.
# Dąbrówka, Słupsk County

Dąbrówka (German: Damerkow) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Damnica, within Słupsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) east of Damnica, 24 km (15 mi) east of Słupsk, and 83 km (52 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
# Krishna Kanta Handiqui State Open University

Krishna Kanta Handiqui State Open University is a state university in Guwahati, Assam, India. It was founded in 2006.
KKHSOU offers a range of undergraduate, postgraduate, diploma, and certificate courses in various fields such as humanities, social sciences, commerce, management, science, and technology. The university also offers professional courses in fields like law, journalism, and mass communication.

## History

The university was established by the Assam Legislative Assembly by Act XXXVII of 2005 in 2005. The Act received the assent from the Governor on the same year.
It was recognized by the University Grants Commission in 2009, which lists 2007 as the year of establishment.

## Locations

KKHSOU runs from three locations:
* Permanent campus: Patgaon, Rani Gate, Guwahati-781017
* City Office: Resham Nagar, Khanapara, Guwahati=781022
* Jorhat Regional Centre: Tarajan, Jorhat, Assam 785001
# Kazimierz Gwiazdowski

Kazimierz Gwiazdowski (born June 10, 1962, in Radziłów) is a Polish politician, farmer and local government official, member of the Sejm of the 5th, 6th, 8th and 9th term.

## Biography

He has secondary technical education (in 1982 he graduated from the Technical Secondary School of Water Reclamation in Białystok, and previously from 1969 to 1977 he attended the Primary School in Mścichy). Until 1984, he worked at the District Melioration Company in Grajewo, and then at a farm, which he became the owner of in 1986. From 1988 to 1991, he was the village head of Mścichy. In the years 1990–2006 he served as the head of the Gmina Radziłów . In the early 1990s, he was also a councilor of this commune. He was also a councilor of the Podlaskie Voivodeship Sejmik of the 1st term (1998–2002) from the Solidarity Electoral Action list.
In the years 1991–1996 he was the president of the municipal board of the Volunteer Fire Department in Radziłów. He also held, among others, as the president of the Znicz Radziałów Rural Sports Club and the chairman of the Association of Local Governments of the Biebrza River Basin.
In the parliamentary elections in 2001 and 2005, he ran for the Sejm from the Law and Justice list in the Podlaskie constituency, but did not win a seat. In the local elections in 2006, he was re-elected as mayor and to the local council. He resigned from both of these positions shortly after the elections, replacing Roman Czepe in the Sejm, who resigned from his parliamentary mandate due to his election as mayor of Łapy.
In the 2007 parliamentary elections, he won a parliamentary seat for the second time, receiving 7,545 votes. He was not re-elected in 2011. In 2014, he returned to the Podlaskie assembly on behalf of PiS. In 2015, he was re-elected to the Sejm, receiving 6,787 votes. In the 2019 elections, he successfully ran for parliamentary re-election, receiving 14,101 votes. In 2022, appointed as a representative of one of the PiS districts in the Podlaskie Voivodeship.
# Manandriana

Manandriana, also called Manandriana Avaradrano, is a rural municipality in Analamanga region, in the Central Highlands of Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Antananarivo-Avaradrano and its population numbers to 6,506 in 2019.
The economy is based on substantial agriculture. Rice, maize, peanuts, beans, manioc are the main crops.

## Geography

It is situated on the paved provincial road RIP 58A (Madagascar) to Sabotsy Namehana (5km) and the capital Antananarivo.