OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sanagire

Sanagire (Georgian: სანაგირე) or monastery of Saint George is a Georgian orthodox medieval monastery in the Kakheti region, Georgia. It is located in the Gurjaani Municipality, six kilometers from the town of Vazisubani.

## History

The monastery complex consists of a basilica with three naves of the X-XI century and a medieval single-nave basilica. Nearby are the ruins of the monastery building and the enclosure wall. The great basilica is built in carved stone and brick. The monastery is of the tetraconch type and is currently empty, while the church needs urgent rehabilitation.
About a hundred meters northeast of the monastery are the ruins of a smaller church called the Sanagire-Cloverleaf Chapel (Georgian: სანაგირის ტეტრაკონქი). However, only the walls are preserved (approximately 2.5-3 m to the east and south, and even less to the west and north), and the roof is completely collapsed.
# Maharishi Shiv Brat Lal

Shiv Brat Lal Verman, (1860-1939) popularly known by the honorifics "Data Dayal" (Merciful) and "Maharishi" (Great Sage), was a Spritual master and Sant in Radhasoami tradition who was born in Bhadohi district of Uttar Pradesh state in India in February 1860. He was a post graduate and a famous writer. It is believed that he wrote as many as 3,000 books on various social, historical, religious and spiritual topics. Being a famous writer he was called as the modern Maharishi Ved Vyas and hence became famous with the name Maharishi ji.

## Writings

As an editor he moved to Lahore to edit the 'Arya Gazette' - an Urdu weekly. On 1 August 1907 he started his own magazine, Sadhu, and it acquired popularity very quickly. He became a famous writer and in his lifetime he edited and authored almost 3000 spiritual periodicals and books in Hindi, Urdu & English on various social, historical, religious and spiritual topics. His books Light on Anand Yoga, Dayal Yoga and Shabd Yoga became very famous. He left the body on February 23, 1939.
Maharishi's books on the Radha Soami spiritual movement include:
* Light on Anand Yoga (English)
* Dayal Yoga
* Shabd Yoga
* Radhaswami Yog: Part 1-6
* Radhaswami Mat Parkash
* Adbhut Upasana Yog: Part 1-2
* Anmol Vichar
* Dus Avtaron Ki Katha
* Kabir Prichaya Adyagyan
* Kabir Yog: Part 1-13
* Kabir Bijak: Part 1-3
* Karam Rahshya
* Nanak Yog: Part 1-3
* Panth Sandesh
* Safalta Ke Sadhan
* Sahaj Yog
* Saptrishi Vartant
* Sharanangati Yog
* Satsang Ke Aath Vachan
* Vayvahar Gyan Parkash
* Vicharanjali
* Vigyan Ramayana (Urdu)
* Vigyan Krishnayana (Urdu)

## Missionary

To spread the Radha Soami spiritual movement, Maharishi began a long journey from Lahore to Calcutta on 2 August 1911. He then left Calcutta, proceeding towards Rangoon by sea. He reached Penang on 31 October and Hong Kong on 22 November, via Singapore and Java. After that he went to Japan and later he went to San Francisco in America, where he delivered two lectures.

## Ashram

In 1912 Maharishi founded his ashram in Gopi Ganj in Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India. His discourses attracted seekers of the Radha Soami movement from all over the India and abroad. He left for the "Radha Swami Dham" on 23 February 1939 at the age of seventy-nine. His holy Samādhi stands at Radha Swami Dham, near Gopi Ganj.
Among those who continued his work was Baba Faqir Chand of Hoshiarpur and Param Sant Ram Singh Ji Arman of Jui, Haryana.
# J. Sam Marty

John Samuel "Sam" Marty (born November 8, 1947) is an American politician. He served as a Republican member for the 28th district in the South Dakota House of Representatives starting in 2015. He left office on January 10, 2023. He was unable to run for re-election in 2022 due to term limits.
# Teresa Alonso Leon

Teresa Alonso Leon (born 1975) is an American Democratic politician who served in the Oregon House of Representatives for three terms from 2017 to 2023. She represented the 22nd district, which covers parts of Marion County along Interstate 5, from Woodburn down to northern Salem.

## Biography

Alonso Leon was born in the Mexican state of Michoacán and moved to Gervais, Oregon at the age of 4. She self-identifies as an Indigenous Mexican and a member of the Purépecha community. She graduated with a bachelor's degree from Western Oregon University in 2002, and with a master's degree in Public Administration from Portland State University in 2013. Alonso Leon, who became a United States citizen in 2012, was appointed to the Woodburn City Council in 2013.
In December 2015, Alonso Leon announced her candidacy for the House seat vacated by the retiring Betty Komp. She defeated Republican Patti Milne, a former state representative, in the general election with 55% of the vote. Alonso Leon became the first immigrant Latina elected to the Oregon legislature.

## Electoral history

2016 Oregon State Representative, 22nd District :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Teresa Alonso Leon | 9,604 | 55.3 |
| | Republican | Patti Milne | 7,711 | 44.4 |
| | Write-in | Write-in | 61 | 0.4 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 17,376 | 100% |
2018 Oregon State Representative, 22nd District :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Teresa Alonso Leon | 9,630 | 59.6 |
| | Republican | Marty Heyen | 6,486 | 40.2 |
| | Write-in | Write-in | 33 | 0.2 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 16,149 | 100% |
2020 Oregon State Representative, 22nd District :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Teresa Alonso Leon | 12,168 | 56.7 |
| | Republican | Anna Kasachev | 9,218 | 43.0 |
| | Write-in | Write-in | 59 | 0.3 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 21,445 | 100% |
# Jim Thaxton

James Ivory Thaxton (born January 11, 1949) is an American former professional football tight end who played five seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the San Diego Chargers, Cleveland Browns, New Orleans Saints and St. Louis Cardinals. He was selected by the Chargers in the fourth round of the 1973 NFL draft. He played college football at Tennessee State University.

## Early life and college

James Ivory Thaxton was born on January 11, 1949, in Brownsville, Tennessee. He attended George Washington Carver High School in Memphis, Tennessee.
Thaxton was a member of the Tennessee State Tigers football team from 1969 to 1972 and a three-year letterman from 1970 to 1972. He was named an All-American by the Pittsburgh Courier in both 1971 and 1972. He was also named an All-American by Black Mutual in 1972.

## Professional career

Thaxton was selected by the San Diego Chargers in the fourth round, with the 84th overall pick, of the 1973 NFL draft. He played in ten games, starting three, for the Chargers during his rookie year in 1973, catching seven passes for 119 yards and two touchdowns. He appeared in two games for the Chargers in 1974 but did not record any statistics.
On September 24, 1974, Thaxton was traded to the Cleveland Browns for a 1975 sixth round draft pick. He proceeded to play in 12 games, starting four, for the Browns during the 1974 season, catching four passes for 71 yards while also making one interception and one fumble recovery.
On May 14, 1975, Thaxton was traded to the Oakland Raiders for an undisclosed draft pick. He was released by the Raiders on August 19, 1975.
Thaxton signed with the New Orleans Saints in 1976. He played in 11 games, starting one, for the Saints during the 1976 NFL season, recording seven receptions for 112 yards and one touchdown and eight kick returns for 185 yards. He appeared in all 14 games, starting six, in 1977 catching 14 passes for 211 yards and a touchdown.
One August 27, 1978, Thaxton was traded to the St. Louis Cardinals for a 1979 seventh round draft pick. He played in five games for the Cardinals in 1978, totaling three receptions for 31 yards and one touchdown.
# John A. Cummings

John Adams Cummings (January 16, 1838 – January 6, 1887) was a Massachusetts politician who served as the fifth Mayor of Somerville, Massachusetts.
From 1872 to 1874 Cummings was the publisher of The Somerville Journal.
# Pont-y-Cafnau

The Pont-y-Cafnau (Welsh for 'bridge of troughs'; sometimes written Pont y Cafnau or Pontycafnau), is a 14.2-metre (47 ft) long iron truss bridge over the River Taff in Merthyr Tydfil, Wales. The bridge was designed by Watkin George and built in 1793 for his employer, the Cyfarthfa Ironworks, to support both a tramway and an aqueduct to carry limestone and water into the works. A Grade II* listed building and Scheduled Ancient Monument, the Pont-y-Cafnau is the world's earliest surviving iron railway bridge.

## History

The Cyfarthfa Ironworks were founded in 1765 and grew to the world's largest ironworks by the early 19th century. In 1771, the works obtained the right to quarry limestone from the Gurnos Quarry for use in the works' blast furnaces, and a 4 ft (1,219 mm) gauge tramway was built between 1792 and 1793 to carry the limestone from the quarry into the plant. Pont-y-Cafnau is situated shortly downstream of the confluence of the Taff Fawr and the Taff Fechan to form the Taff. A weir had previously been built upstream of the plant on each river, and leats were built to convey water into the works. The leat from the Taff Fawr was conveyed in a cast-iron elevated aqueduct which ran along the north bank and crossed the Taff Fechan before crossing the Taff at Pont-y-Cafnau and entering the works to power a 50-foot cast iron water wheel known as Aeolus. The leat from Taff Fechan was at ground level and again crossed the Taff at Pont-y-Cafnau. This supplied water to the Cyfarthfa brick works. The three levels of Pont-y-Cafnau thus carried the elevated Taff Fawr leat, the tramway and Taff Fechan leat across the Taff River. The bridge was built between January and June 1793, replacing a previous wooden structure, and is the world's oldest known iron railway bridge. The elevated trough carrying the Taff Fawr leat was removed by 1850, having been replaced by a leat along the south bank of that river.

## Design

The present bridge was designed by Watkin George. George had been trained as a carpenter, but in 1792 became the chief engineer of the ironworks and a partner in the business. The bridge is composed of two cast iron A-frame trusses supporting a rectangular 2-foot by 6-foot-2-inch cast iron trough. This lower trough carried the Taff Fechan leat and acts as a girder supporting the plates acting as the railway sleepers, into which the rail chairs are integrally cast. Wooden uprights were attached to the iron risers that passed through the apex of each of the A-frames and these supported the upper trough carrying the Taff Fawr leat. Reflecting its designer's roots in carpentry, the members composing the trusses are joined by dovetail and mortise and tenon joints commonly used in wooden structures.

## Heritage

On 22 August 1975, the bridge was listed as a Grade II* listed building (reference number 11408). It is also listed as a Scheduled Ancient Monument (reference number GM424). It has been refurbished by the local authority and is used as a footbridge.
# Steven McCleerey

Steven McCleerey is an American politician and farmer who served as a member of the South Dakota House of Representatives for the first district. Elected in 2015, McCleerey previously served as Assistant House Democratic Leader.

## Early life and education

McCleerey was born and raised in Sisseton, South Dakota. He attended South Dakota State University, where he studied Agriculture.

## Career

Prior to entering politics, McCleerey worked as a grain farmer. McCleerey took office on December 13, 2015, and represents the first district with Republican Tamara St. John. McCleerey is a member of the South Dakota Democratic Party. He endorsed Hillary Clinton in the 2016 United States presidential election and Joe Biden in the 2020 United States presidential election. McCleerey is a member of the House Committee on Commerce and Energy, Military and Veterans Affairs, Retirement Laws, and State Affairs.
# Double-setpoint control

A Double-setpoint control is quite similar to bang–bang control. It is an element of a feedback-loop and therefore evaluated by application of control theory. It has two setpoints on which it switches abruptly usually involving a hysteresis. It may be used in a heating and cooling situation or for two speed control.
The theory was examined by J. Gregory Vermeychuk. The "double-bang-bang" was implemented in the Luft Instruments Model 77 Controller used in a variety of laboratory (titrations) and plant application. Shown in Harvard University Science Museum.
* This applied mathematics–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Tursdale

Tursdale is a hamlet in the civil parish of Cassop-cum-Quarrington, in County Durham, England. It is situated in rural landscape about two miles to the west of Coxhoe, two miles North of Cornforth and around five miles south of Durham. It is ideally located for speedy access to both Durham city, the A1M, and Teesside via Sedgefield. Despite its close proximity to many local amenities and towns, residents enjoy the peaceful lifestyle of living in a semi-rural location, with lovely views across the fields.
Tursdale currently consists of a single street of housing, Ramsay Street, a school house and a small 4 home conversion of the former school which closed in the 1960s. A second street, School Street, a row of bungalows and other dwellings were demolished in the 1960s and early ’70s. Standalone Farm, whose final remnants probably went at about the same time, may once have been a moated house of some antiquity.
All houses in Tursdale, other than farms, were originally built to accommodate the miners who worked at the former Tursdale Colliery across the road, which was sunk in 1854. Before that, the more ancient settlement of Tursdale had been around Tursdale House and Hett Mill, to the north east. The colliery was merged with Bowburn Colliery in 1931. When that closed, in 1967, the NCB Tursdale Workshops continued to provide a regional, and then a national, resource for the NCB. They closed in 1994, and the site was converted to general business use.
Behind this small business park lie the railway lines. Tursdale has been proposed as a suitable site for a road-rail freight interchange due to its proximity to both the East Coast Main Line, the mothballed Leamside Line and the A1(M) motorway.
# Charles Endicott

Charles W. Endicott (October 28, 1822 – August 19, 1899) was an American attorney and politician who served as Auditor and Treasurer of Massachusetts, and was a member of both houses of the state legislature.

## Early life

Endicott was born in Canton, Massachusetts to Elijah Endicott and Cynthia (Childs) Endicott, and attended the local schools.
He married Miriam Webb on September 30, 1845, and they had one child. He remarried to Augusta G. Dinsmore on October 2, 1848, and they had two children.
He was appointed a Norfolk County deputy sheriff in 1846. He read law, and was admitted to the bar in 1857.
Endicott served in Canton as a town clerk, member of the school committee, and representative to both the House of Representatives (in 1851, 1857, and 1858), and the State Senate (in 1866 and 1867).

## State treasurer

In November 1875 Endicott was elected state treasurer for a term beginning in January 1876.
Endicott retired from the treasurer's office after his fifth term. Endicott had served five consecutive one year terms as treasurer and he was barred by term limits from running for re-election.
Endicott died on August 20, 1899, after fainting in his home, with heatstroke being identified as a possible cause. At the time of his death, he was thought to be in good health.
# Arno Steffenhagen

Arno Steffenhagen (born 24 September 1949) is a German retired professional footballer who played as a striker for clubs in Germany, South Africa, the Netherlands, the United States, and Canada, making nearly 400 career league appearances and scoring over 100 career league goals.

## Career

Born in Berlin, Steffenhagen played in Germany, South Africa, the Netherlands, the United States, and Canada for Hertha BSC, Hellenic FC, Ajax, Hamburger SV, FC St. Pauli, Chicago Sting, Toronto Blizzard, Vancouver Whitecaps and Chicago Shoccers. He also won one cap for the Germany national team in 1971.
# Sant'Ambrogio (Milan Metro)

Sant'Ambrogio is an underground station on Line 2 and Line 4 of the Milan Metro. It was opened on 30 October 1983 as part of the extension of line 2 from Cadorna to Porta Genova. The station takes the name from nearby Basilica of Saint Ambrose.
The station is located at the intersection of Via Giosuè Carducci and Via San Vittore, in Municipality 1, close to the Catholic University and the Milan National Museum of Science and Technology.
It is one of the stations on Line 2 with no central support columns between the two tracks, similarly to Moscova and Loreto.
Since 12 October 2024, the station serve as a transfer point between lines 2 and 4, through an open-air passage next to the Saint Ambrose Postern.
# Mampitiya

Mampitiya is a village in Kandy District, Central Province, Sri Lanka. It is located in Gangapalata, Udunuwara.
# David Novstrup

David A. Novstrup (born February 2, 1983, in Aberdeen, South Dakota) is an American politician and a Republican member of the South Dakota Senate representing District 3 since January 2015. He is the son of South Dakota Representative Al Novstrup. He was also a member of the South Dakota House of Representatives from 2007 to 2015.

## Education

Novstrup earned his BS in business management from Northern State University.

## Elections

* 2016: He decided not to see re-election to the senate seat.
* 2014 he defeated democrat Mark Remily after running unopposed in the republican primary.
* 2012 With incumbent Democratic Representative Dennis Feickert redistricted to District 1, Novstrup and Dan Kaiser were unopposed for the June 5, 2012, Republican Primary; in the four-way November 6, 2012, General election, Novstrup took the first seat with 5,843 votes (31.2%) and Kaiser took the second seat ahead of Democratic nominees Bill Antonides and Zachary Anderson.
* 2006 When incumbent Republican Representative Larry Frost left the Legislature and left a District 3 seat open, Novstrup and his father, incumbent Representative Al Novstrup were unopposed for the June 6, 2006, Republican Primary, and won the November 7, 2006, General election, where his father took the first seat and he took the second seat with 4,679 votes (26.6%) ahead of Democratic nominees Thomas Black (who had run for the seat in 2004) and Ted Kneebone (who had run for the Senate in 2004).
* 2008 With the senior Representative Novstrup running for South Dakota Senate and leaving a District 3 seat open, Novstrup and Isaac Latterell were unopposed for the June 3, 2008, Republican Primary; in the November 4, 2008, General election, Democratic nominee Dennis Feickert took the first seat and Novstrup took the second seat with 5,386 votes (27.69%) ahead of Democratic nominee Mark Remily and fellow Republican nominee Isaac Latterell.
* 2010 Novstrup and Isaac Latterell were again unopposed for the June 8, 2010, Republican Primary; in the four-way November 2, 2010, General election, Novstrup took the first seat with 4,562 votes (28.52%) and incumbent Democratic Representative Feickert took the second seat ahead of returning 2008 Republican nominee Isaac Latterell and Democratic nominee Tim Even; Latterell was elected to the House for District 6 in 2012.
# Virtual POS

Virtual Point of Sale (vPOS) systems represent a significant leap in retail technology, allowing businesses to process transactions via cloud-based platforms. By integrating software with internet-enabled devices, vPOS systems enhance flexibility, operational efficiency, and customer experiences. This article explores their functionality, advantages, challenges, and the evolving landscape of virtual payment solutions.

## Overview of Virtual POS Systems

Unlike traditional point-of-sale setups, virtual POS systems eliminate the need for dedicated hardware, relying instead on software and internet connectivity. These systems are widely used across industries, from small businesses to global retailers, to streamline transactions and integrate with broader business operations with broader business operations.

## Types of Virtual POS Systems

Virtual POS systems cater to diverse business needs with several configurations:
* Mobile POS: Smartphone-based solutions, often paired with card readers, are ideal for small-scale and mobile businesses.
* Tablet POS: These systems, featuring larger screens, are suitable for cafes and boutiques requiring advanced features like inventory tracking.
* Self-Service Kiosks: Used in environments like fast food or retail, these systems allow customers to complete transactions without staff assistance.
* Cashierless Systems: Examples such as Tesco’s GetGo stores employ apps and sensors to enable fully automated shopping experiences.
* Multichannel POS: Integrates online and offline sales, ensuring inventory synchronization and consistent customer experiences.

## Benefits of Virtual POS Systems

* Cost Efficiency: Reduces reliance on expensive hardware, making it accessible for small businesses.
* Enhanced Customer Experience: Offers diverse payment options, including digital wallets and cryptocurrencies, catering to consumer preferences.
* Operational Integration: Combines inventory management, sales analytics, and customer engagement tools, providing a centralized system.
* Data-Driven Insights: Real-time analytics support strategic decisions, such as demand forecasting and inventory control.

## Challenges and Considerations

* Cybersecurity Risks: Virtual transactions are vulnerable to hacking and require robust data protection measures.
* Adoption Costs: Initial setup and employee training may be barriers for smaller businesses.
* System Integration: Compatibility with legacy systems can complicate adoption for established businesses.

## Future Trends

Emerging technologies like Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) are poised to redefine vPOS functionalities. For instance, Zara's AR apps demonstrate how retail can integrate immersive experiences with seamless payment options.Additionally, the increasing popularity of cryptocurrency further diversifies payment mechanisms.

## Conclusion

Virtual POS systems are reshaping the retail landscape by offering adaptable, data-driven, and customer-centric transaction solutions. As businesses continue to adopt cashless and digital-first approaches, vPOS systems stand as a cornerstone of modern commerce.
# Kirsten Childs

Kirsten J. Childs is an American playwright, librettist, and former actress.

## Early life and performing career

Childs was born in Los Angeles, California. Her parents were schoolteachers. Her younger brother is the jazz musician Billy Childs. She began her theatrical career in the late 1970s as a Broadway performer. In 1977, Bob Fosse cast her in the lead role of Velma Kelly in the first national tour of the musical Chicago. She went on to appear in productions of Dancin', Jerry's Girls, and Sweet Charity in the 1980s. Primarily a stage actress, her one major film role was the 1989 comedy See No Evil, Hear No Evil, in which she played Adele, the long-suffering sister of Richard Pryor's character.

## Later writing career

Childs subsequently turned to writing her own theatrical productions, beginning with the semi-autobiographical work The Bubbly Black Girl Sheds Her Chameleon Skin (2000), an off-Broadway musical that received an Obie Award. Her other musicals include Miracle Brothers (2005), Funked Up Fairy Tales (2007), and Bella: An American Tall Tale (2016), a winner of the Weston Playhouse New Musical Award.
Childs has also served as an assistant professor in New York University Tisch School of the Arts' Graduate Musical Theatre Writing program.