OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ana María O'Neill

Ana María O'Neill (March 7, 1894 – May 24, 1981) was an educator, author and advocate of women's rights.

## Early years

O'Neill was born in the town of Aguadilla, Puerto Rico where she received her primary and secondary education. She enrolled and graduated from the Normal School of the University of Puerto Rico, where she earned her teacher's certificate in 1915. She taught in Puerto Rico until she decided to go to New York City to continue her education; there she attended Columbia University, and in 1927 earned a master's degree in education.

## Educator and activist

O'Neill returned to Puerto Rico, and in 1929 became the first female professor in the field of Commerce in the University of Puerto Rico, a discipline which she taught until 1951. As a women's rights activist, she urged women to participate in every aspect of civic life and to defend their right to vote.
O'Neill enrolled in the Rochdale Institute of the National School of Cooperativism, earning a diploma as a Cooperative leader. She fought for the Cooperative movement in Puerto Rico and was instrumental in the passing of the legislation entitled "The General Law of Cooperative Societies", in 1946. O'Neill was also the founder of the "Cooperative Institute" of the University of Puerto Rico.

## Author

In 1948, she authored the book Ética Para la Era Atómica (English title: Ethics for the Atomic Age) which was acclaimed and recognized with a literary award from North Western University. In 1966, O'Neill was honored by the Union of American Women who named her the 1966 "Woman of Puerto Rico". That same year she was recognized by the cooperative establishment of the island was named "Woman of the Americas". O'Neill was also the author of Psicología de la Comunicación (The Psychology of Communication) which was published in 1986, five years after her death.

## Later years

Ana María O'Neill died in the City of San Juan, Puerto Rico on May 24, 1981, of heart failure. She was buried at the Puerto Rico Memorial Cemetery in Carolina, Puerto Rico.

## Written works

* "Ethics for the Atomic Age" By Ana Maria O'Neill, Publisher; Boston: Meador Publishing Company, 1948.
* "Psicología de la Comunicación", O'Neill, Ana Maria, ISBN 0-8477-2907-9, ISBN 978-0-8477-2907-4, Publisher: Universidad de Puerto Rico Printing, Publication Date: 1986
* "Exposición de la taquigrafía Gregg", 1932
* "Exposición revisada de la taquigrafía Gregg", O'Neill, Ana María, et al., 1974
* "Nueva exposición revisada de la taquigrafía Gregg, Edición Oro", 1984, O'Neill, Ana María; O'Neill de Pumarada, Celeste; Muñíz De Vela, Olga; Vales de Portela, Carmen Pilar; Castillo, Gladys T
# FELICS

FELICS, which stands for Fast Efficient & Lossless Image Compression System, is a lossless image compression algorithm that performs 5-times faster than the original lossless JPEG codec and achieves a similar compression ratio.

## History

It was invented by Paul G. Howard and Jeffrey S. Vitter of the Department of Computer Science at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, USA, and was first presented at the 1993 IEEE Data Compression Conference in Snowbird, Utah. It was successfully implemented in hardware and deployed as part of HiRISE on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.

## Principle

Like other lossless codecs for continuous-tone images, FELICS operates by decorrelating the image and encoding it with an entropy coder. The decorrelation is the context $\Delta =H-L$ where $H=max(P1,P2)$ and $L=min(P1,P2)$ where $P1,P2$ are the pixel's two nearest neighbors (causal, already coded and known at the decoder) used for providing the context to code the present pixel $P$. Except at the top and left edges, these are the pixel above and the pixel to the left. For example, the neighbors of pixel X in the diagram are A and B, but if X were at the left side, its neighbors would be B and D.
P lies within the closed interval [L, H] roughly half the time. Otherwise, it is above H or below L. These can be encoded as 1, 01, and 00 respectively (p. 4). The following figure shows the (idealized) histogram of the pixels and their intensity values along the x-axis, and frequency of occurrence along the y-axis.
The distribution of P within the range [L, H] is nearly uniform with a minor peak near the center $(L+H)/2$ of this range. When P falls in the range [L, H], P − L is encoded using an adjusted binary code such that values in the center of the range use floor(log$_2$(Δ + 1)) bits and values at the ends use ceil (log$_2$(Δ + 1)) bits (p. 2). For example, when Δ = 11, the codes for P − L in 0 to 11 may be 0000, 0001, 0010, 0011, 010, 011, 100, 101, 1100, 1101, 1110, 1111.
Outside the range, P tends to follow a geometric distribution on each side (p. 3). It is encoded using a Rice code with parameters chosen based on previous choices. For each Δ and each possible Rice code parameter k, the algorithm keeps track of the total number of bits that would have been used to encode pixels outside the range. Then for each pixel, it chooses the Rice code with the based on Δ at the pixel.

## Improvements

FELICS improvements include methods for estimating Δ and estimating k. For instance, Howard and Vitter's article recognizes that relatively flat areas (with small Δ, especially where L = H) may have some noise, and compression performance in these areas improves by widening the interval, increasing the effective Δ. It is also possible to estimate the optimal k for a given Δ based on the mean of all prediction residues seen so far, which is faster and uses less memory than computing the number of bits used for each k.
# Regina "Queen" Saraiva

Regina Aparecida "Queen" Saraiva (born September 1, 1968, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil), also known as Regina, Queen Regina, or Jean Jane, is a Brazilian-born Italian eurodance vocalist, dancer and actress who scored several hits across Europe from 1997 to 2003. She lives in Milan, Italy, where she is a part of the gospel choir that is featured on Piero Chiambretti’s program Markette which broadcasts by La7 as well as performing new material. She was also a member of the Brazilian dance act Forbidden Fruit from 1989 to 1995. "Day by Day" was her only big hit in the United States, peaking at #11 on Billboard Magazine's Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart in 1997.

## Discography
### Singles

* "You Got Me Now" (as F.M. presents Jean Jane) (1994)
* "Take Me Up" (as Jean Jane) (1994)
* "Party Town" (as Jean Jane) (1994)
* "Killing Me Softly" (1996)
* "Day by Day" (1997)
* "Stranger in Paradise" (With Xpone, billed as "Queen Regina") (1997)
* "Close the door"
* What Can You Do (1998)
* "You and Me" (2000)
* "You Don't Fool Me" (2001)
* "Secret Mission" (2000)
* "I'm Back" (2002)
* "Up / You and I" (2007)
* "Time Shine" (Feat Musta y Capasso) (2011)
* "Imaginaçao" (2013)
* "The Girl From Ipanema" (2014)
* "Ibiza Vibe" (2016)
Note: Billboard incorrectly lists "Day By Day" as a 1997 hit for American singer Regina, who had retired from recording at the time.

### Album

* Situations (1998)
# War Game (short story)

"War Game" is a 1959 short story by American writer Philip K. Dick. It was first published in the magazine Galaxy Science Fiction, in December 1959, and has since been re-published in two anthologies and at least twenty-four collections.

## Plot summary

The Ganymedans are considering war with Earth. A group of Earth toy safety inspectors examine three new toys from Ganymede to discover if they should be allowed to be imported: A toy soldier game where 12 soldiers attack a citadel, a virtual reality suit, and Syndrome, a Monopoly-like board game.
The inspectors determine that the citadel is absorbing the soldiers one by one for an unknown purpose, and fear that the game may secretly be an atomic bomb building to critical mass. The suit is so realistic that an inspector finds returning to reality difficult; with enough time a child would find doing so impossible. They play the board game while waiting with a bomb disposal expert for the last soldier to disappear, but find that the citadel is actually a therapeutic tool to build confidence in children. They nonetheless decide, out of caution, to only allow the board game for import.
A children's store employee brings home a copy of Syndrome to his family. He accumulates the most holdings but learns from his children that he has lost; the purpose, according to the instructions, is to give up as much stock and money as possible. The story concludes with the children, who are unfamiliar with Monopoly, "learning the naturalness of surrendering their holdings"; one says "It's the best educational toy you ever brought home, Dad!"
# Richard B. Smith (New York politician)

Richard Breson Smith (August 27, 1878 – February 26, 1937) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.

## Life

He was born on August 27, 1878, in Syracuse, New York, the son of Edward C. Smith (1843–1912) and Mary N. (Gannon) Smith (1850–1927). He attended the public schools and Syracuse High School. He graduated from Syracuse University College of Law in 1901, was admitted to the bar, and practiced in Syracuse. On June 24, 1903, he married Anna Leonard (1880–1921), and they had two sons.
He was a member of the Board of Supervisors of Onondaga County, elected in the 5th Ward of Syracuse, from 1912 to 1915. He was an Onondaga County Tax Appraiser from 1916 to 1923.
Smith was a member of the New York State Assembly (Onondaga Co., 3rd D.) in 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936 and 1937. He was Chairman of the Committee on Public Printing from 1927 to 1931; and Chairman of the Committee on Affairs of Cities in 1933 and 1934, and in 1936 and 1937.
He died on February 26, 1937, in Syracuse University Hospital in Syracuse, New York, after a cerebral hemorrhage; and was buried at the Oakwood Cemetery there.

## Sources

* ↑ Richard B. Smith, Veteran State Assemblyman, Dead in the Syracuse Journal on February 27, 1937
# Meddler (short story)

"Meddler" is a science fiction short story by American writer Philip K. Dick. It was first published in Future Science Fiction, October 1954 with illustration by Virgil Finlay. Dick had submitted many short stories to magazines and made approximately fifteen sales before becoming a client of the Scott Meredith Literary Agency. This was his second SMLA submission, received by SMLA on July 24, 1952. His first SMLA submission was The Builder, received by SMLA on July 23, 1952.

## Synopsis

A government Council illegally makes Time Dips into the future with escalation of adverse consequences following each time-dip. The protagonist, Hasten, is sent in a Time Car as a last-ditch attempt to learn how this meddling worked its destructive force and how to correct the problem. Hasten eventually learns his return trip is apparently the ultimate cause.

## About the story

In 1978, Dick said about "Meddler":
   Within the beautiful lurks the ugly; you can see in this rather crude story the germ of my whole theme that nothing is what it seems. This story should be read as a trial run on my part; I was just beginning to grasp that obvious form and latent form are not the same thing. As Heraclitus said in fragment 54: “Latent structure is master of obvious structure,” and out of this comes the later more sophisticated Platonic dualism between the phenomenal world and the real but invisible realm of forms lying behind it. I may be reading too much into this simple-minded early story, but at least I was beginning to see in a dim way what I later saw so clearly; in fragment 123, Heraclitus said, “The nature of things is in the habit of concealing itself,” and therein lies it all.
# Alexander G. Baxter

Alexander Gillespie Baxter (November 6, 1859 – August 30, 1934) was an American businessman and politician from New York.

## Life

He was born on November 6, 1859, in Bloomingburg, Sullivan County, New York, the son of James Brean Baxter (1837–1903) and Abigail Jane (Monell) Baxter (1834–1891). He attended the public schools and worked on the family farm. In 1878, he joined the United States Marine Corps, and served one year. On October 20, 1880, he married Sarah Elizabeth Teets (1857–1907), and they had three children.
He served as a first lieutenant in the U.S. Army during the Spanish–American War in 1898. After the war he became an undertaker in Newburgh, and later in Schenectady. He was a Coroner of Schenectady County for several terms. On May 10, 1908, he married Sarah Jane Atkinson. During the 1920s he built, and then ran, the Totem Post Camp Ground in Ballston Spa, New York, where he also went to live.
Baxter was a member of the New York State Senate from 1931 until his death in 1934, sitting in the 154th, 155th, 156th and 157th New York State Legislatures; and was Chairman of the Committee on Revision from 1931 to 1932.
He died on August 30, 1934, at his home in Ballston Spa, New York, of a heart attack; and was buried at the Parkview Cemetery in Schenectady.

## Sources

* ↑ New York Red Book (1932; pg. 25)
* ↑ A Lesson in History: A. G. Baxter, undertaker, politician, Ballston Spa restaurateur by David Fiske, in the Saratogian on May 27, 2012
* ↑ A. G. BAXTER DEAD; A STATE SENATOR in The New York Times on August 31, 1934 (subscription required)
# William J. Hickey

William J. Hickey (December 1873 – December 22, 1953) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.

## Life

Born on a farm in Orleans County, New York, Hickey attended Buffalo's Medina Academy and read law under the supervision of the Norton law firm to gain admission to the bar in New York in 1906.
Hickey was a member of the New York State Assembly (Erie Co., 1st D.) in 1922, 1923 and 1924. He was a member of the New York State Senate (48th D.) from 1925 to 1932, sitting in the 148th, 149th, 150th, 151st, 152nd, 153rd, 154th and 155th New York State Legislatures. He was a close ally of state senator John Knight, who would go on to become a federal judge.
He was Chairman of the Erie County Republican Committee. He resigned the post in September 1935 to get nominated for the Supreme Court.
He was a justice of the New York Supreme Court (8th D.) from 1936 to 1943.
Hickey never married, and had no immediate survivors, having outlived his only brother, Indiana politician Andrew J. Hickey, by over a decade. Hickey died in a hospital in Buffalo, weeks after his 80th birthday.
# John W. Gates (New York politician)

John W. Gates (August 18, 1872 – April 8, 1966) was an American farmer, banker and politician from New York.

## Life

He was the son of State Senator Francis H. Gates (1839–1925) and Fannie E. (Everson) Gates (1843–1930), and was born on the Gates homestead, about two miles southwest of the Village of Chittenango, in Madison County, New York. On January 1, 1896, he married Helen Maria "Nellie" Colyer (1873–1956), and they had three children. He was President of the Salt Springs National Bank, of Syracuse; and sat on the boards of several other manufacturing and financial enterprises.
Gates was a member of the New York State Assembly (Madison Co.) in 1925 and 1926; and a member of the New York State Senate (39th D.) from 1927 to 1932, sitting in the 150th, 151st, 152nd, 153rd, 154th and 155th New York State Legislatures. He was a delegate to the 1932 Republican National Convention. In September 1932, Gates was not re-nominated by the Republicans for his Senate seat. In November 1932, he ran on the Law Preservation ticket for re-election, but was defeated by the Republican nominee Walter W. Stokes.
He died on April 8, 1966; and was buried at the Gates Cemetery in Chittenango.

## Sources

* ↑ New York Red Book (1932; pg. 28f)
# Thomas C. Brown

Thomas Carson Brown (April 21, 1870 – May 24, 1952) was an American businessman and politician from New York.

## Life

He was born on April 21, 1870, on a farm near Deseronto, Hastings County, Ontario, Canada. He attended the public schools, and a business school in Belleville, Ontario. Then he became a lumberman, and later a bricklayer. In 1896, he opened with James C. Lowe a brick construction business in St. Johnsville, New York. On August 1, 1899, Brown married Hattie B. Humphrey, and they had twin daughters.
In 1902, the partners moved their business to Schenectady. The partnership was dissolved in 1928, and Brown continued in business on his own.
Brown was a member of the New York State Senate (32nd D.) from 1925 to 1930, sitting in the 148th, 149th, 150th, 151st, 152nd and 153rd New York State Legislatures.
He died on May 24, 1952, at his home on Lowell Road in Schenectady, New York; and was buried at the Vale Cemetery there.

## Sources

* Thomas Brown, Contractor, Former State Senator, Dies in the Schenectady Gazette on May 26, 1952
New York State Senate :
| Preceded byFrederick W. Kavanaugh | New York State Senate 32nd District 1925–1930 | Succeeded byAlexander G. Baxter |
# Walter F. Clayton

Walter F. Clayton (1865 in Boston, Massachusetts – May 9, 1942, in Greenport, Long Island, New York) was an American architect, builder, and politician from New York.
In his youth, Clayton's parents moved him and his family to Brooklyn, New York. Following his father, Ransom F. Clayton, into the building business, Clayton was very active over a period of 35 years designing and building homes in Brooklyn.
Elected as a Republican in 1921 to represent the 21st Assembly District of Flatbush in the New York State Assembly, Clayton continued as a member of that body for four more years, sitting in the 144th, 145th, 146th, 147th, and 148th New York State Legislatures. Clayton was made the chairman of the Cities Committee in his final year of political office, as well as a member of the Rules Committee.
Clayton was a conservative politician. As the founder of the New York State Motion Picture Censorship Commission, one of the more controversial pieces of legislation that he passed was a motion picture censorship bill in 1923.
Clayton was a respected legislator who, after serving in the Assembly for five years, returned to his building business in 1925.
# Infanta Maria Luisa, Duchess of Talavera

Infanta María Luisa of Spain, Duchess of Talavera de la Reina (née: María Luisa de Silva y Fernández de Henestrosa; 3 December 1880 – 2 April 1955) was a Spanish aristocrat and the second wife of Infante Ferdinand of Spain, Prince of Bavaria, who was a first cousin and (former) brother-in law of Alfonso XIII of Spain. She was the second child and elder daughter of Luis de Silva y Fernandez de Henestrosa, 10th Count of Pie de Concha and his wife, María de los Dolores Fernández de Henestrosa, herself the daughter of the 9th Marquess of Villadarias.
Doña Maria was granted the title "Duchess of Talavera de la Reina", made a grandee of Spain and accorded the style of Highness on 25 June 1914, gazetted 2 September of that year. Doña Maria married Infante Don Fernando de Baviera at Guipúzcoa, Spain on 1 October 1914, whose first wife (and cousin), Infanta Maria Teresa, had died in 1912.
Doña Maria was 56 when, on 17 May 1927, Maria Teresa's brother, King Alfonso XIII, made her an infanta de gracia (by "royal grace") and gave her the elevated treatment of Royal Highness, allowing her to fully share her husband's title and rank: "Desiring on this date to give evidence of My Royal esteem to Her Highness the Most Serene Lady Doña María Luisa de Silva y Fernández de Henestrosa, Duchess of Talavera de la Reina, second wife of His Highness Infante Fernando of Bavaria and Bourbon and of My gratitude for the loving disposition with which she has assisted in the education and care of the children of My most beloved sister Infanta María Teresa, I hereby grant upon her the rank, honours and style corresponding to the condition of Infanta of Spain".
Although her husband was a patrilineal descendant of Ludwig I of Bavaria, he had become a naturalised Spaniard in 1905 in conjunction with his first marriage (being the third generation of his cadet branch of the royal House of Wittelsbach to live as modern princes étrangers in Spain). Four days after Doña Maria de Silva was made a duchess in Spain, her fiancé renounced his dynastic rights as a member of the Bavarian Royal Family, 29 June 1914, completing the transfer of the prince's allegiance from Germany to Spain shortly before the Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria led to World War I, although the legalities and logistics of the inter-dynastic re-arrangement of assets were disrupted and protracted by the war.
Infante Ferdinand of Spain, Prince of Bavaria and Infanta Maria Luisa, Duchess of Talavera de la Reina had no children. Thus, on her death in 1955 her dukedom passed to her nephew, Juan Manuel de Silva y Goyeneche, 20th Marquess of Zahara and 13th Count of Pie de Concha.
# Warren T. Thayer

Warren Thomas Thayer (July 12, 1869, in Burke, New York – March 9, 1956, in Malone, Franklin Co., NY) was an American politician from New York.

## Life

He was the son of Alfred Chambers Thayer (1836–1910) and Hulda A. (Hall) Thayer (1837–1910). On June 16, 1896, he married Haseltine Miller (1868–1951), and they had two children.
Thayer was a member of the New York State Assembly (Franklin Co.) in 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919 and 1920; and was Chairman of the Committee on Public Printing in 1918.
He was a member of the New York State Senate (34th D.) from 1921 to 1934, sitting in the 144th, 145th, 146th, 147th, 148th, 149th, 150th, 151st, 152nd, 153rd, 154th, 155th, 156th and 157th New York State Legislatures; and was Chairman of the Committee on Public Service from 1927 to 1932. On March 29, 1934, Thayer was accused before the Federal Trade Commission of having received money from the Associated Gas and Electric Company of Albany, to act as a lobbyist for the company while being chairman of the senate committee in charge of the pertaining legislation. An investigation of Thayer by the State Senate followed, and Thayer was tried before the Senate Committee on the Judiciary. Thayer resigned his seat on June 11, while the Legislature was in recess. The State Senate met on June 19 for a special session, and found Thayer guilty of official misconduct (and would have removed Thayer from office, had he not resigned) by the unanimous vote of the 47 senators present.
Thayer died on March 9, 1956, in Alice Hyde Hospital in Malone, New York; and was buried at the East Side Cemetery in Chateaugay, New York.

## Sources

* STATE SENATOR'S LETTERS INDICATE ASSOCIATED GAS PAID FOR POLITICAL WORK in NYT on March 30, 1934 (subscription required)
* INQUIRY ON THAYER TO START MONDAY VOTED BY SENATE in NYT on April 4, 1934 (subscription required)
* LEGISLATORS VOTE UTILITIES INQUIRY OF SWEEPING SCOPE in NYT on April 21, 1934 (subscription required)
* THAYER RECEIVED $21,600 UTILITY PAY in NYT on May 9, 1934 (subscription required)
* W. T. THAYER QUITS HIS SEAT IN SENATE FOR GOOD OF PARTY in NYT on June 12, 1934 (subscription required)
* THAYER HELD GUILTY BY STATE SENATE in NYT on June 20, 1934 (subscription required)
* WARREN THAYER, EX-LAWMAKER, 87 in NYT on March 10, 1956 (subscription required)
New York State Assembly :
| Preceded byAlexander Macdonald | New York State Assembly Franklin County 1916–1920 | Succeeded byAnson H. Ellsworth |
| New York State Senate |||
| Preceded byN. Monroe Marshall | New York State Senate 34th District 1921–1934 | Succeeded byRhoda Fox Graves |