OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chester C. Gorski

Chester Charles Gorski (June 22, 1906 – April 25, 1975) was an American politician from Buffalo, New York. A Democrat, he served one term in the United States House of Representatives from 1949 to 1951, and was the longtime president of the Buffalo Common Council.

## Life and career

Gorski was born June 22, 1906, in Buffalo, New York, to a Polish immigrant family. He attended Saints Peter and Paul Parochial School and Technical High School. After his high school graduation, Gorski was employed a laborer and assistant foreman in Buffalo's Streets Department, and also owned a liquor store.

### Early political career

Gorski became active in politics as a Democrat; he was a member of the Erie County Board of Supervisors from 1941 to 1945, and minority leader beginning in 1942. He served on the Buffalo Common Council from 1946 to 1948. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions of 1948, 1952, 1956, and 1968.

### Congress

In 1948 Gorski was elected to the United States House of Representatives as a Democrat. He served one term, January 3, 1949, to January 3, 1951, and was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1950.

### Later career and death

After leaving Congress Gorski was employed by the U.S. Department of Commerce as an industrial analyst from 1951 to 1952. He served on the Buffalo Common Council again from 1954 to 1956. From 1956 to 1959 he was a member of the New York State Building Code Commission. In 1960 Gorski returned to the Buffalo Common Council as its president, and he served until resigning in 1974 because of ill health.
He died in Buffalo on April 25, 1975. He was buried at Saint Stanislaus Roman Catholic Cemetery in Cheektowaga, New York.

## Family

Gorski was married to Helen T. Pieprzny. They were the parents of two sons, Erie County Executive Dennis Gorski and New York State Supreme Court Justice Jerome Gorski.
# Sam Hobbs

Samuel Francis Hobbs (October 5, 1887 – May 31, 1952) was a United States Representative from Alabama.

## Biography

Born in Selma, Alabama, Hobbs attended the public schools, Callaway's Preparatory School, Marion (Alabama) Military Institute, and Vanderbilt University at Nashville, Tennessee, graduating from the law department of the University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa in 1908. He was admitted to the bar in 1908 and commenced practice in Selma. He was appointed judge of the fourth judicial circuit of Alabama in 1921.
Hobbs was elected to the same office in 1923 and served until his resignation in 1926. He then resumed the practice of law. He served as chairman of the Muscle Shoals Commission in 1931 and of the Alabama National Recovery Administration Committee in 1933.
Hobbs was elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-fourth and to the seven succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1935 – January 3, 1951). Throughout his congressional service, Hobbs was closely allied with J. Edgar Hoover, head of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Hobbs was advised by Hoover aide Alexander Holtzoff, who called himself "Hobbs's brain trust." In 1941, at the behest of Hoover, Hobbs introduced a bill that would have legalized wiretapping by the FBI, or any other government agency, if it was suspected that a felony was occurring. The bill was supported by Attorney General Robert H. Jackson, and seemed likely to pass, until Federal Communications Commission (FCC) chairman James Lawrence Fly testified against the bill to Congress, and it did not pass. The conflict was much discussed in the national news. Hobbs also passed a bill that would have deported labour leader Harry Bridges. The case was appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court where the deportation order was canceled. Hobbs was one of the managers appointed by the House of Representatives in 1936 to conduct the impeachment proceedings against Halsted L. Ritter, judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida.
Sam Hobbs successfully introduced the Hobbs Act of 1946, which criminalized at least three distinct forms of criminal conduct: robbery, extortion by force, fear or threat, and extortion under color of law. Codified in 18 U.S.C. § 1951, it is frequently used today in federal prosecutions. Hobbs formed a friendship with Archibald Clark Kerr, 1st Baron Inverchapel while living in Washington DC.
Hobbs did not seek renomination in 1950, but returned to Selma, Alabama and reestablished his law practice. He died in Selma in 1952 and was interred in Live Oak Cemetery.
# Elmer J. Hoffman

Elmer Joseph Hoffman (July 7, 1899 – June 25, 1976) was an American businessman, law enforcement officer, politician, and World War I veteran who served three terms as a U.S. Representative from Illinois from 1959 to 1965.

## Biography

Born on a farm in Du Page County, near Wheaton, Illinois, Hoffman attended the public schools of Wheaton. He enlisted in the Artillery Corps during the First World War and served in France. After the war, he helped operate his father's farm as well as his own trucking firm 1919–1930.

### Law enforcement

He was employed in Du Page County sheriff's office 1930–1938. He was sheriff of Du Page County in 1939–1942. He served as chief deputy sheriff 1943–1946, and then became sheriff again, 1947–1950. In 1951 he was a probation officer of Du Page County's circuit and county courts.

### Political career

Hoffman was elected State treasurer in 1952, reelected in 1956 and served until elected to Congress.

#### Congress

Hoffman was elected as a Republican to the Eighty-sixth and to the two succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1959 – January 3, 1965). He was not a candidate for renomination in 1964 to the Eighty-ninth Congress.

## Retirement and death

Hoffman resided in Wheaton, Illinois, where he died June 25, 1976. He was interred in St. Michael's Cemetery.
# Andrew J. Transue

Andrew Jackson Transue (January 12, 1903 – June 24, 1995) was an American politician and attorney from the U.S. state of Michigan. He served one term in the United States House of Representatives from 1937 to 1939.

## Early life and career

Transue was born in Clarksville, Michigan, and attended the local schools. He graduated from the Detroit College of Law, LL.B., 1926 and J.D., 1968. He was admitted to the bar in 1926 and commenced the practice of law in Detroit in 1926 and Flint, Michigan, in 1927. He also served as prosecuting attorney of Genesee County in 1933 and 1937.

## Congress

In 1936, Transue defeated incumbent Republican William W. Blackney to be elected as a Democrat from Michigan's 6th congressional district to the 75th United States Congress, serving from January 3, 1937, to January 3, 1939. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1938, losing to Blackney.

## Life after Congress

Transue resumed the practice of law after leaving Congress and was a resident of Flint until his death. He was the attorney for the plaintiff, and won, in the 1951–1952 U.S. Supreme Court case Morissette v. United States.
# Alf Rolfsen

Alf Rolfsen (28 January 1895 – 10 November 1979) was a Norwegian painter and muralist.

## Personal life

Rolfsen was born in Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway. He was the son of writer Nordahl Rolfsen (1848–1928) and Hedevig Martha Hastrup Birch (1858–1937). He was married to Ingrid Platou (1893–1980) in 1920. He was a cousin of both poet Nordahl Grieg (1902–1943) and publisher Harald Grieg (1894–1972).

## Career

He studied art under Danish artist Peter Rostrup Bøyesen (1882–1952) in Copenhagen from 1913 to 1916. He debuted in Copenhagen in 1916, followed by study in Paris from 1919 to 1920 where he was strongly influenced by André Derain (1880–1954). After returning home, he held his first solo exhibition at Oslo in 1920. Rolfsen followed with a series of study trips to Italy during 1921–22.
In 1922, he was given the task of painting the foundation wall in the exhibition hall at the new Telegraph Building at Kongens gate 21 in Oslo. The building was completed in 1924 based upon designs by architects Arnstein Arneberg (1882–1961) and Magnus Poulsson (1881–1958).
In 1938, Rolfsen was given the task of decorating three of the walls in the Central Hall of the Oslo City Hall (Oslo rådhus), the site at which the annual Nobel Peace Prize ceremonies have been held since 1990. The northern wall is covered by the painting titled Arbeidets Norge fra de drivende garn til skovene i øst. On the eastern wall is the work Okkupasjonshistorien, about 30 metres (98 ft) long, with motifs from the Occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany during World War II. The painting on the western wall is titled St. Hallvard in recognition of Oslo's patron saint, Hallvard Vebjørnsson. The decorations of the City Hall were finished and uncovered in 1950.
Rolfsen is best known for his fresco paintings. His principal works include the decoration of crematorium at Vestre gravlund in Oslo from 1932 to 1937 and the Haugesund City Hall from 1952 to 1954. He also decorated a number of churches including Stiklestad Church in Verdal Municipality from 1929 to 1930 and Ullensaker Church in Akershus county from 1958. He is represented at the National Gallery of Norway in Oslo with several oil paintings including Kilden from 1926, Gruppe from 1931 and Den store stasjon from 1932.
Among Rolfsen's book illustrations are an edition of Asbjørnsen and Moe's fairy tales and later editions of his father's readers. He also wrote books and articles on art and artists.
Rolfsen was decorated Knight of the Swedish Order of the Polar Star in 1937 and Commander of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav in 1955. He received the Prince Eugen Medal in 1951. During 1971, he received both the Arts Council Norway Honorary Award (Norsk kulturråds ærespris) and the St. Hallvard Medal (St. Hallvard-medaljen).
# Wayne Owens

Douglas Wayne Owens (May 2, 1937 – December 18, 2002) was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives for Utah's 2nd congressional district from 1973 to 1975 and again from 1987 to 1993. He was posthumously inducted into the Hinckley Institute of Politics hall of Fame.

## Early life and education

Born and raised in the small town of Panguitch, Utah, Owens graduated from Panguitch High School in 1955, then attended the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, from which he earned his Bachelor's degree in 1961 and his Juris Doctor in 1964. Owens' undergraduate education was interrupted while he served as missionary to France for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS church) from 1957 to 1960. In France, he met his future wife, Marlene, a fellow missionary for the church. Owens worked his way through college and law school through working various jobs, including being a night-watchman at the Beehive House. He then worked as a lawyer in private practice and as a staffer for three United States Senators, Frank Moss of Utah, Robert F. Kennedy of New York, and Edward M. Kennedy of Massachusetts. He was the Western states coordinator for the presidential campaigns of Robert Kennedy in 1968 and Edward Kennedy in 1980, and served as a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1968 and 1980.

## Career

In 1972, he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives as a Democrat by "walking for Congress" throughout the district to meet voters personally. He unseated incumbent Republican Sherman P. Lloyd with 55% of the vote. During that period, he sat on the House Judiciary Committee which voted for the articles of impeachment of President Richard M. Nixon.
He ran an unsuccessful U.S. Senate campaign against Jake Garn in 1974, then served as a mission president of the LDS Canada Montreal Mission from 1975 to 1978, after which he returned to Salt Lake City to practice law. In 1984, Owens lost the Utah gubernatorial race to Republican Norman H. Bangerter, but was re-elected to the House in 1986 and served through 1992, when he ran for the U.S. Senate again. That year, he was defeated by a wider margin than expected by Bob Bennett. Owens was embarrassed that year by his involvement in the so-called House banking scandal.

## Personal life

On December 18, 2002, Owens suffered a fatal heart attack in Tel Aviv, Israel while on a trip to further the cause of Middle East peace.
Speaking at the funeral, Gordon B. Hinckley called Owens "a man of achievement" and a peacemaker who desired to make the world better. At the time of his death, he was continuing his efforts to improve the world, heading up the Center for Middle East Peace & Economic Cooperation. "I was with him constantly", Hinckley said. "I learned to appreciate and respect him and honor him. I have followed him ever since."
In the 2014 and 2016 congressional elections, Wayne Owens' son, Doug Owens, ran for election to Utah's 4th congressional district. He was defeated by Republican candidate Mia Love in both of his runs.
# Guillaume Cop

Guillaume Cop (in German Wilhelm Kopp, in Latin Gulielmus Copus), born in Basel in the 1460s, died in Paris on 2 December 1532, was a Renaissance physician and humanist.

## Biography

He matriculated as a student of the University of Basel in the winter of 1478/79. His tutor was Johannes Heberling of Schwäbisch Gmünd, an enthusiastic listener of Johannes Reuchlin (who taught in Basel in 1477). In his native town he received his license, master of arts, and devoted himself for three years to the study of medicine. After no doubt staying in other cities, he reached Paris around 1488 and enrolled in the faculty of medicine. He received a bachelor's degree in medicine on 19 March 1492, dismissed on 13 April 1496 (first on the candidate presentation list), then doctor on the following 17 May. At that date he was already married to Étiennette Turgis, with whom he had four sons (Nicolas Cop, born around 1501, was the third).
He began learning Greek with Janus Lascaris (who arrived in France in 1494). Around 1497, he met Erasmus, then in Paris : that year and three years later, he treated him for bouts of fever.
The two men became friends, and when Erasmus really became fluent in Greek from 1500 onwards, he enjoyed it. He also attended the classes of Jérôme Aléandre, who came to teach in Paris in 1508 and dedicated his edition of De divinatione of Cicero in 1510 . He was also a close friend of Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples (whose insomnia problems he treated in 1505) and of Guillaume Budé (with whom he campaigned for the foundation in Paris of a college for the teaching of ancient languages). In 1512 he was appointed personal physician to King Louis XII. He followed him in his war in Flanders and was present at the Battle of Guinegatte on 16 August 1513. In 1514, he took up the defense of Johannes Reuchlin, whom the faculty of theology in Paris had condemned. He was also the first physician to King Francis I, at the latest in 1523 and until his death . He was commissioned in 1517, with Guillaume Budé, to transmit to Erasmus the king's proposals intended to attract him to Paris, and it was to him that Erasmus addressed the letter by which he dodged the invitation.

## Written works

Guillaume Cop composed a Tractatus astrologicus ex variis antiquis desumptus. Otherwise, he translated from Greek into Latin, and edited, ancient medical works:
* The healthful precepts of Paul Aegineta, Paris, Henri Asbury, 1510, and Strasbourg, Mathias Schurer, 1511
* Hippocrates Coi's Presagiorum and the same on rationing of diet in acute diseases, Paris, 1511, and Henri Estienne, 1512.
* Galen's knowledge of the affective places in six books, Paris, Henri Estienne, 1513.
* Galen, On the causes and differences of diseases and symptoms, Paris, Josse Bade, 1523.
* Paul Æginetae, Strasbourg, Georges Ulricher, 1531.
# James T. Patterson (politician)

James Thomas Patterson (October 20, 1908 – February 7, 1989) was a U.S. Representative from Connecticut.
Born in Naugatuck, Connecticut, Patterson attended the public schools. He was graduated from Peekskill (New York) Military Academy in 1929 and from Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., in 1933. He was in the University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, B.A., in 1934, and from National University Law School (now George Washington University), LL.B., Washington, D.C., 1939. While attending school worked for the Connecticut highway department from 1924 to 1933, U.S. Rubber Company in 1934, for the United States Department of Labor 1934–1937, for the Social Security Board in 1937 and 1938, and for the United States Treasury 1938–1940. He served with the United States Marine Corps and the Office of Strategic Services from September 1941 until discharged as a major in July 1946, with overseas service in the African and European Theaters and in India, Burma, and China.
Patterson was elected as a Republican to the Eightieth and to the five succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1947 – January 3, 1959). Patterson voted in favor of the Civil Rights Act of 1957. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1958 to the Eighty-sixth Congress, for election in 1960 to the Eighty-seventh Congress, and in 1970 to the Ninety-second Congress. He was a resident of Bethlehem, Connecticut, until his death in Camden, New Jersey, on February 7, 1989.
# Thomas L. Owens

Thomas Leonard Owens (December 21, 1897 – June 7, 1948) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois.
Born in Chicago, Illinois, Owens attended the parochial schools, Northwestern University and DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois. He was graduated from Loyola University Chicago School of Law in 1926. He was admitted to the bar in 1927 and commenced practice in Chicago, Illinois. During the First World War served in the Students' Army Training Corps at Loyola University Chicago in 1918.
Owens was elected as a Republican to the 80th Congress and served from January 3, 1947, until his death in Bethesda, Maryland, June 7, 1948. He was interred in All Saints Cemetery in Des Plaines, Illinois.
# Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik

The Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik (commonly abbreviated ZPE; "Journal of Papyrology and Epigraphy") is a peer-reviewed academic journal which contains articles that pertain to papyrology and epigraphy. It has been described as "the world's leading and certainly most prolific journal of papyrology." ZPE, established by Reinhold Merkelbech and Ludwig Koenen in 1967, is published four to five times annually by Rudolf Habelt GmbH. It is renowned for its ability to publish new articles very quickly.
The current editors of ZPE are Werner Eck, Helmut Engelman [de], Jürgen Hammerstaedt [de], Rudolf Kassel, Ludwig Koenen, Wolfgang Dieter Lebek [de], Klaus Maresch, Georg Petzl [de], and Cornelia Römer [de].
# Carol Fukunaga

Carol Fukunaga (born December 12, 1947) is an American lawyer and politician. She is a member of the Hawaii State Senate from the 11th District and has served in various elected offices since 1978.

## Early life and education

Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, Fukunaga received her bachelor's degree from the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa and her Juris Doctor degree from the William S. Richardson School of Law.

## Career

She practiced law in Honolulu. Fukunaga served in the Hawaii Constitutional Convention of 1978. She then served in the Hawaii House of Representatives from 1978 to 1982 and from 1986 to 1992 and was a Democrat. From 1982 to 1986, Fukunaga served as the executive officer for the Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii. Fukunaga served in the Hawaii Senate from 1992 to 2012. From 2012 to 2022, Fukunaga served on the Honolulu City Council.
# Franklin Barlow Sexton

Franklin Barlow Sexton (April 29, 1828 – May 15, 1900) was a politician from Texas who served in the Confederate Congress during the American Civil War.
Sexton was born in New Harmony, Indiana, in rural Posey County, the only child of Dr. and Mrs. Samuel Sexton. In 1838, the family moved from Indiana and resettled in San Augustine, Texas. There, his father died when Franklin was 13 years old. Sexton briefly served as an apprentice to a local printer, and then enrolled in the local Methodist academy (Wesleyan College) and studied law. He was granted his license to practice law in 1848 by special legislative action. He established a legal practice in San Augustine and became active in local political circles. In 1852, he married Eliza Richardson, daughter of a prominent Sabine County landowner. The couple had 12 children. Sexton became a member of the Freemason movement, serving in 1856 as Grand Master.
In April 1860, Sexton was elected as president of the Texas State Democratic Convention. He presided over the convention, which passed resolutions regarding states rights and reaffirming the institution of slavery. The following year, with the outbreak of the Civil War and Texas's secession, Sexton briefly joined the Confederate States Army, but resigned after being elected to fill a vacancy in the State Senate. In 1862, he was elected to the First Confederate Congress as a representative from Texas's 4th District and left home in July to travel to Richmond, Virginia, to assume his duties, arriving in mid-August. He worked with the War Department to improve the conditions of the average soldier in the field. Sexton was reelected to a second term in 1863, serving until the fall of the Confederacy in the spring of 1865 and the dissolution of the Congress. He was one of only two Texans to be elected to both terms.
Returning to San Augustine after the war, Sexton resumed his legal practice and involvement with the Masons. In 1870, served as Grand Commander of the Knights Templar of Texas. He moved his family to Marshall, Texas, in 1872 and established a profitable practice there representing the railroad. When the state authorized construction of a new Capitol building in Austin, Sexton was selected to deliver an address at the ceremony for the laying of the cornerstone. He was a delegate to the 1876 Democratic National Convention in St. Louis, where he made an impassioned speech supporting Samuel J. Tilden. After his wife died, Sexton moved in with one of his daughters at El Paso. He was appointed a judge on the state Supreme Court and later served as a United States commissioner.
Sexton died in El Paso and was buried in Marshall, Texas.
In 1923, Sexton's diary recording his first two years in the Confederate Congress was discovered, providing a rare glimpse into the inner workings of that body.