OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jonathan Edwards (New York politician)

Jonathan Edwards (September 27, 1798 – August 23, 1875) was an American lawyer and politician.

## Early life

Edwards was born in Hartford, Connecticut, Sept. 27, 1798, and was the eldest son of Jonathan Walter Edwards (1772-1831), a distinguished lawyer of Hartford, son of the theologian Jonathan Edwards (1745-1801) and grandson of the famed American theologian and revivalist preacher Jonathan Edwards (1745–1801). His mother was Elizabeth Tyron Edwards, daughter of Capt. Moses Tryon, of Wethersfield, Connecticut.

## Career

He graduated from Yale College in 1819. After leaving college, he studied law with Chief Justice Zephaniah Swift, of Windham, Connecticut, and was admitted to the bar in 1824, and was for a few years a practicing attorney in Hartford. In 1830 he went to the island of Cuba to reside, but the death of his father in April, 1831, changed his plans, and caused him to return to Hartford. In 1835 he was appointed by the Connecticut State Legislature a judge of probate for the district of Hartford, and held that office for one year. In 1830 he was nominated by the Whigs for secretary of state, but was defeated, with all his associates on the ticket. He moved in 1838 to Troy, New York, where he was subsequently mayor of the city, and for two years (1854 and 1855) a member of the New York State Legislature.

## Personal life

He was married, March 1, 1837, to Maria Champion, of Colchester, Connecticut. Alter her death he moved in the spring of 1867 with his son to New Haven, Connecticut, where he spent the remainder of his life in invalid retirement. He died in this city, quite suddenly, of a congestive chill, Aug. 23, 1875, in his 77th year. His only son graduated Yale in 1863.
# Thomas I. Sheridan

Thomas I. Sheridan (c. 1890 in New York City – c. 1962) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.

## Life

He attended Xavier High School and College, graduating A.B. in 1909. He graduated LL.B. from Fordham Law School in 1911, was admitted to the bar in 1912, and practiced in New York City, at times in partnership with Ferdinand Pecora and Joab H. Banton.
He married Marie A. Galligan (died 1955), and they had eleven children.
Sheridan entered politics as a Democrat, and was appointed by D.A. Edward Swann as an Assistant New York County District Attorney. He resigned on November 30, 1920, and resumed his private practice.
He was a member of the New York State Senate (16th D.) from 1922 to 1930, sitting in the 145th, 146th, 147th, 148th, 149th, 150th, 151st, 152nd and 153rd New York State Legislatures; and was Chairman of the Committee on Taxation and Retrenchment from 1923 to 1924. In 1930, Tammany Hall denied Sheridan a re-nomination.
At the New York City mayoral election in 1933, Sheridan managed the campaign of Joseph V. McKee, and his Recovery Party, in Manhattan; and in 1934 became Chairman of the Recovery Party New York County Committee.

## Sources

* T. I. Sheridan, Swann Aid, Resigns in NYT on December 1, 1920
* RECOVERY PARTY ORGANIZES COUNTY; Ex-Senator Sheridan Chosen to Lead Fight on Tammany at Next Primaries in NYT on January 17, 1934 (subscription required)
* MRS. THOMAS I. SHERIDAN in NYT on May 20, 1955 (subscription required)
New York State Senate :
| Preceded byMartin G. McCue | New York State Senate 16th District 1921–1930 | Succeeded byJohn J. McNaboe |
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# Plimmer

Plimmer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Damon Plimmer, New Zealand Anglican priest
* Georgia Plimmer (born 2004), New Zealand cricketer
* Helen Plimmer (born 1965), British cricketer
* Henry George Plimmer (1856/57–1918), British doctor, pathologist, microbiologist and cancer researcher
* James Plimmer (1901 – death unknown), British rugby league footballer
* John Plimmer (1812–1905), British settler and entrepreneur in New Zealand
* Melanie Plimmer, British barrister
* R. H. A. Plimmer (1877–1955), British biochemist and author on vitamins
* Violet Plimmer (1885–1949), British author on vitamins
# Barlewiczki

Barlewiczki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sztum, within Sztum County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) south-east of Sztum and 58 km (36 mi) south-east of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Bartoszylas

Bartoszylas is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stara Kiszewa, within Kościerzyna County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) west of Stara Kiszewa, 16 km (10 mi) south-east of Kościerzyna, and 55 km (34 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Bestra Suka

Bestra Suka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stara Kiszewa, within Kościerzyna County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) west of Stara Kiszewa, 12 km (7 mi) south of Kościerzyna, and 55 km (34 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Daviesia schwarzenegger

Daviesia schwarzenegger is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to south-eastern continental Australia. It is a dense, mounded shrub with sharply-pointed phyllodes and yellow and dark red flowers, and resembles Daviesia devito apart from its more robust growth habit and the surface of its dried foliage.

## Description

Daviesia schwarzenegger is a dense, mounded shrub that typically grows up to 1.3 m (4 ft 3 in) high and 3 m (9.8 ft) wide, has glabrous foliage and forms root suckers. Its leaves are reduced to scattered, sharply-pointed, cylindrical phyllodes 10–25 mm (0.39–0.98 in) long and 1–2 mm (0.039–0.079 in) wide at the base. The branchlets and phyllodes are ribbed when dry, unlike those of D. devito that are wrinkled. The flowers are arranged in racemes of two to four on a rachis 1–5 mm (0.039–0.197 in) long, each flower on a pedicel about 1 mm (0.039 in) long with overlapping bracts at the base. The sepals are joined, forming a bell-shaped base and the standard is yellow to red with a yellowish green centre, 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) long and about 4 mm (0.16 in) wide. The wings are dark red with orange tips, about 4 mm (0.16 in) long and the keel is dark red and about 4 mm (0.16 in) long. Flowering occurs in September and October and the fruit is a broadly triangular pod 5–7 mm (0.20–0.28 in) long.

## Taxonomy and naming

In 1982, Michael Crisp described Daviesia benthamii subsp. humilis in the Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens, but in 2017, he and others divided that subspecies into two new species, D. schwarzenegger and D. devito in the journal Phytotaxa. The specific epithets (devito and schwarzenegger) are references to Danny DeVito and Arnold Schwarzenegger, the main actors in the Universal Studios 1988 film Twins, D. devito being the less vigorous of the two. The authors also acknowledged Schwarzenegger's "pioneering the reduction of carbon emissions and for advising the Australian government to do the same".

## Distribution and habitat

Daviesia schwarzenegger grows in mallee and woodland in scattered populations from the Eyre Peninsula in South Australia, to the area between Charlton and Rushworth in Victoria, and to near Condobolin in New South Wales.
# Namerō

Namerō (Japanese: なめろう, derived from 舐める nameru, "to lick") is a type of tataki, a manner of preparing fish or meat finely minced and mixed with some spices and seasonings, not unlike a tartare.
This recipe has been passed down among Bōsō Peninsula fishermen.

## Variations
### Sangayaki

A dish of grilled namerō is called sangayaki (さんが焼き) or simply sanga. Namerō is grilled directly on an iron griddle, stuffed into scallop or abalone shells or wrapped in sarutoriibara or camellia leaves. Like namerō, it is said to have originated in the Bōsō Peninsula, and there are places specializing in sangayaki.
There are three theories about the original kanji spelling and origin story of the name, and the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries has adopted the first one (山家焼き) shown here:
* 山家焼き spelling: Namerō was grilled or steamed by fishermen in the mountain huts and was eaten, so it was called 'mountain' (山) and 'house' (家) 'fry' (焼き).
* 山河焼き spelling: The spelling of "Sangayaki" derived from using both ingredients from the mountains (山) and rivers (河).
* 三辛焼き spelling: The spelling derived from the use of three (三) spicy (辛) foods: ginger, green onion, and perilla.

### Others

* A cold dish made by putting namerō in ice water is called mizunamasu (水なます).
* Namerō placed on top of rice, with green tea is poured over it to make chazuke, is called magocha (孫茶). Magocha is a local dish of the coastal area of the Izu Peninsula, where it is not seared but is served with dashi stock on the sashimi. In addition to horse mackerel, sashimi can be made from tuna, bonito, and alfonsino, depending on the location and restaurant.
* Around Isumi District, Chiba Prefecture, namerō is placed on a slightly deep plate, flattened, sanbaizu (vinegar, soy sauce, and sugar in 1:1:1 proportions) is added, and chilled in a refrigerator. This is aimed at the effect of preserving namerō, which is easily spoiled in the summer and cannot be stored in advance, and stimulating appetite decreased in the summer with acid. Depending on the family, this is eaten with soy sauce or another dipping sauce.
* In Shimanoura, a remote island off the coast of Nobeoka, Miyazaki Prefecture, there is a dish called tatakko (たたっこ), which is similar to namerō, and the grilled dish corresponding to sanga in the Boso Peninsula is also called 'tatakko'.
# Biała Góra, Pomeranian Voivodeship

Biała Góra (German: Weißenberg) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sztum, within Sztum County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) west of Sztum and 53 km (33 mi) south of the regional capital Gdańsk.
# Arp 220

Arp 220 is the result of a collision between two galaxies which are now in the process of merging. It is the 220th object in Halton Arp's Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies.

## Features

Arp 220 is the closest ultraluminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG) to Earth, at 250 million light years away. Its energy output was discovered by IRAS to be dominated by the far-infrared part of the spectrum. It is often regarded as the prototypical ULIRG and has been the subject of much study as a result. Most of its energy output is thought to be the result of a massive burst of star formation, or starburst, probably triggered by the merging of two smaller galaxies. Hubble Space Telescope observations of Arp 220 in 2002 and 1997, taken in visible light with the ACS, and in infrared light with NICMOS, revealed more than 200 huge star clusters in the central part of the galaxy. The most massive of these clusters contains enough material to equal about 10 million suns. X-ray observations by the Chandra and XMM-Newton satellites have shown that Arp 220 probably includes an active galactic nucleus (AGN) at its core, which raises interesting questions about the link between galaxy mergers and AGN, since it is believed that galactic mergers often trigger starbursts, and may also give rise to the supermassive black holes that appear to power AGN.
Luminous far-infrared objects like Arp 220 have been found in surprisingly large numbers by sky surveys of submillimetre wavelengths using instruments such as the Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT). Arp 220 and other relatively local ULIRGs are being studied as equivalents of this kind of object.
Astronomers from the Arecibo Observatory have detected organic molecules in the galaxy.
Arp 220 contains at least two bright maser sources, an OH megamaser, and a water maser. In October 2011, astronomers spotted a record-breaking seven supernova all found at the same time in Arp 220. The merging of the two galaxies started around 700 million years ago.
# Biesowice

Biesowice (German: Beßwitz) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kępice, within Słupsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south of Kępice, 32 km (20 mi) south of Słupsk, and 116 km (72 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
# Double Cross (1941 film)

Double Cross is a 1941 American Producers Releasing Corporation crime film directed by Albert H. Kelley and starring serial star Kane Richmond. The film is also known as Motorcycle Squad (American 16mm rental title).

## Plot

When a nightclub that also features illegal gambling is raided by the police, uniformed motorcycle policeman Steve Bronson is in an adjoining room to the main area with his girlfriend, Fay Saunders, who is a co-owner of the club with Nick Taggart. When Fay sees several policemen scuffling with Nick she grabs Steve's revolver and shoots one of the policemen. The other policemen return fire mortally wounding Steve whilst Fay places the revolver next to him and declares she saw Steve fire on the police.
Steve's best friend is fellow motorcycle policeman Jim Murray, the son of a police captain who is the scourge of the city's criminals and corrupt politicians. Jim plans to infiltrate the nightclub to discover the truth about Steve's innocence with the help of his fiancée and Steve's sister Ellen. Jim begins to behave disgracefully that leads him to be drummed out of the police force. Fay, Nick and his criminal associates see Jim as an opportunity to gain information on police activities as well as to embarrass Jim's father Captain Murray who has already been the target of an unsuccessful assassination attempt. Fay begins to fall in love with Jim; Nick gathers some insurance for his future by clandestinely recording Fay's admitted it was she who shot the policeman in the raid.
When Nick catches Ellen taking a photograph of the mayor of the city accepting money from him he captures her and also catches on to Jim's true loyalties. He concocts a scheme to eliminate both of them by blaming the zealous "shoot first, ask questions later," Captain Murray.

## Cast

* Kane Richmond as Jim Murray
* Pauline Moore as Ellen Bronson
* Wynne Gibson as Fay Saunders
* John Miljan as Nick Taggart
* Richard Beach as Steve Bronson
* Mary Gordon as Mrs. Murray
* Robert Homans as Police Capt. Murray
* William Halligan as Mayor
* Frank Moran as Henchman Cookie
* Heinie Conklin as Henchman Miggs
* Daisy Ford as Nurse
* Edward Keane as Police Commissioner Bob Trent
* Walter Shumway as Sergeant Tucker
* Ted Wray as Police Sgt. Rand
* Jimmie Fox as Camera Shop owner
* Charles F. Miller as John Frawley
# Boboszewo

Boboszewo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Debrzno, within Człuchów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-east of Debrzno, 12 km (7 mi) south-west of Człuchów, and 126 km (78 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Ten lei

The ten lei banknote is one of the circulating denominations of the Romanian leu. It is the same size as the 20 Euro banknote.
The main color of the banknote is pink. It depicts painter Nicolae Grigorescu on the obverse and a traditional house from Oltenia on the reverse, and a detail from the painting Rodica.
The original issue was printed using the intaglio technique. On 1 December 2008, the National Bank of Romania issued a second, revised banknote. It is printed using the offset printing technique (like the one leu and five lei banknotes). The official reason was the prevention of counterfeiting. The new series shares the design with the previous series, the main difference being in the printing technique and the corresponding security features. As a result of the different printing technique, the second series appear lighter coloured than the first series.

## History

In the past, the denomination was also in the coin form, as follows:
First leu (1867–1947)
* banknote issue: 1877 (the hypothecary issue)
* coin issue: 1930
* banknote issue: 1944 (issued by the Red Army Comandament and circulated in 1944)
Second leu (1947–1952)
* no issues
Third leu – ROL (1952–2005)
* banknote issue: 1952, 1966
* coin issue: 1990 (re-issues: 1991, 1992), 1993 (re-issues: 1994, 1995)
Fourth leu – RON (since 2005)
* banknote issue: 2005 (redesigned issue of the former 100,000 lei banknote, whereas 100,000 third lei = 10 fourth lei; re-issue: 2008)
Earlier versions of the 10 lei banknote.
# William Fields (politician)

William Fields (1810 – September 9, 1858) was an American politician and author who served in the Texas House of Representatives from 1847 to 1855.

## Life

Fields was born in North Carolina in 1810. In 1837, after having lived in Tennessee and publishing Fields' Scrap Book, he moved to Liberty County, Texas. After a short while, Fields moved to Galveston County, before moving back to Liberty in 1842. He married and had 5 children.

### Politics and later life

Fields served in the Texas House of Representatives for four terms. He represented the Liberty district from 1847 to 1849, the 24th district from 1849 to 1851, the 2nd district from 1851 to 1853, and the 33rd district from 1853 to 1855.
Fields died in Hempstead, Texas on September 6, 1858. He was interred at Galveston.
# Samuel Dorr Faulkner

Samuel Dorr Faulkner (November 14, 1835 – August 9, 1878) was a New York lawyer, judge, and politician.

## Life

Faulkner, son of Hon. James Faulkner and Minerva (Hammond) Faulkner, was born in Dansville, New York, November 14, 1835.
He entered Yale College at the age of 20, graduating in 1859 with an older and a younger brother. After graduation, he studied law in the Albany Law School, and was admitted to the bar in May, 1860. In the following November he entered into partnership with S. Hubbard, Esq., for the practice of law in Dansville, which co-partnership existed till 1864, when Hubbard was elected County Judge. In 1862, Faulkner was appointed Supervisor of Dansville, to fill a vacancy, and was elected to the same position in the two succeeding years. In 1866 he was elected to the New York State Assembly as a Democrat, in a district which was strongly Republican, and in 1871 was elected County Judge and Surrogate, overcoming an opposition majority of over 1,000. In 1874 he received the Democratic nomination for US Congress in his district, and in the situation of parties at that time his election would have been certain if he had consented to run; but the state of his health would not permit him to enter the canvass. In the fall of 1877 he was rd-elected County Judge and Surrogate for a second term of six years, overcoming as before a very large opposition majority.
In the fall of 1873, his unremitting application to judicial and professional duties brought on a hemorrhage of the lungs which compelled him to spend the remaining winters of his life in Florida or Colorado. From each of these visits he returned apparently much strengthened, but only to exhaust himself again by close attention to his duties. On July 22, 1878, while returning home from a session of court, the horse he was driving stumbled and fell, and the shock which he received from the accident brought on a succession of hemorrhages, which caused his death, at Dansville, on August 9, in the 43rd year of his age. He was unmarried.
# John V. Sheridan

John V. Sheridan (February 3, 1879 in New York City – October 14, 1947) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.

## Life

Sheridan was a member of the New York State Assembly (New York Co., 35th D.) in 1907, 1908 and 1909.
He was a member of the New York State Senate (22nd D.) in 1917 and 1918.
During the 1930s, he opposed the Democratic leader of the Bronx Edward J. Flynn; and in 1938, he supported Republican Thomas E. Dewey for Governor.

## Sources

* BRONX DEMOCRAT SUPPORTS DEWEY; Ex-State Senator J. V. Sheridan Urges Independents to Back Rotation in Office in NYT on October 23, 1938 (subscription required)
* JOHN V. SHERIDAN, 67, FLYNN'S FOE IN BRONX in NYT on October 15, 1947 (subscription required)
New York State Senate :
| Preceded byJohn P. Cohalan | New York State Assembly New York Co., 35th District 1907–1909 | Succeeded byEdward J. L. Raldiris |
| New York State Senate |||
| Preceded byJames A. Hamilton | New York State Senate 9th District 1917–1918 | Succeeded byPeter A. Abeles |
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# George J. Skinner

George Joseph Skinner (February 16, 1869 – January 18, 1935) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.

## Life

Skinner was born on February 16, 1869, in Vienna, New York, the son of farmer Franklin Skinner and Sarah A. Quance.
Skinner lived in Annsville and Lee for brief periods before settling in Camden, where he lived for the rest of his life. In 1890, he graduated from Camden High School. After teaching for a term, he began working as a law clerk for Davies & Johnson in 1891. He was admitted to the bar in 1894, and he initially continued working with Davies & Johnson. In 1896, he opened his own law office in Camden. For the last few years of his life, he as associated with his son Roscoe. In 1896, he was elected town clerk and served in that office for four years. He was police justice of Camden from 1898 to 1906 and again from 1912 to 1924. He was elected town supervisor of Camden in 1901, 1909, and 1917, serving the position for a total of ten nonconsecutive years. He was elected to the Board of Village Trustees in 1917, and he served as mayor of the village of Camden. He served as postmaster of Camden for four years after being appointed to the office by President Theodore Roosevelt. He also conducted a coal business and fire insurance agency, and served on the board of education. During World War I, he sat on the questionnaire board and participated in the Red Cross and Liberty Loan drives.
In 1923, Skinner was elected to the New York State Assembly as a Republican, representing the Oneida County 3rd District. He served in the Assembly in 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, and 1929.
Skinner attended the Methodist Episcopal Church in Camden. He was a member of the Freemasons, the Odd Fellows, and the Royal Arcanum. In 1895, he married Lottie M. Shorey of Osceola. Their surviving children were Ruth E., Roscoe B., and Mabel Q. Lottie later died, and in 1908 Skinner married Mary J. Orr of Florence. He was also a member of the Order of United American Mechanics.
Skinner died at home on January 18, 1935. He was buried in the family plot in Forest Park Cemetery.