OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Carbon retirement

Carbon retirement is a mechanism within carbon emission trading schemes to mitigate climate change by permanently removing emission allowances from circulation.
In the European Union Emission Trading Scheme, EU Emission Allowances permit holders to emit a specified amount of carbon dioxide. If allowances are removed through carbon retirement, this increases the scarcity and cost of allowances, contributing to the overall reduction of carbon emissions.
Additionally, carbon retirement encompasses the purchase and permanent retirement of carbon credits, certificates representing the prevention of greenhouse gas emissions or removing these gases from the atmosphere. Companies often use these credits to offset emissions from operations that are challenging to eliminate immediately, thus contributing to their environmental responsibility efforts. Companies could potentially claim "retired" emission allowances as their own carbon credits, as compensation for emissions from sources that will eventually be eliminated.
Carbon retirement has been described as "straightforward and transparent," compared to other offsets which can involve more complex methodologies and trading.

## Use

2020: McKinsey Sustainability reported a significant uptick in the retirement of carbon credits, with approximately 95 million tons of CO2 equivalent (MtCO2e) retired in 2020 alone, more than doubling the figures from 2017.
2022: British media outlet Carbon Brief observed that 146 million carbon credits were retired from the four largest registries for carbon-offset projects in the voluntary market, indicating a substantial increase in the volume of retired credits within just three years.
# Kusksu

Kusksu is a traditional Maltese soup made primarily from seasonal broad beans, small pasta beads, and fresh ġbejniet. Although similar in shape, the small pasta beads, known locally as kusksu, look like couscous, but this one tends to be lighter and fluffier in texture. In contrast, kusksu, which gives the soup its name, is "miniature pasta" which is thick and ideal for simmering. Once cooked, the short-cut pasta beads give the soup its distinctive creamy and warm texture, making it an ideal dish to serve during cold weather.

## Origin

Given its close resemblance to couscous, it is likely that kusksu originated during Malta's Arab occupation. However, documentary evidence relating to this period is scarce. A reliable source dating back to the 18th century makes reference to peppercorn-like shaped pasta, suggesting that kusksu pasta was a staple in the Maltese diet.

## Ingredients

The primary ingredient used in kusksu is the broad bean, known locally as ful. Broad beans are well-adapted to the Maltese climate and can become invasive if left uncontrolled. In Malta, broad beans are typically sown in December and harvested during early spring. Their cultivation requires little or no care, and most Maltese farmers do not irrigate their crop. In 2016, Malta's National Statistics Office reported that 595 tonnes of broad beans were sold through official markets, a figure that puts into perspective why some locals refer to the broad bean as Malta's "iconic", or "favourite" bean.
The small pasta beads, known as kusksu, are another key ingredient. Apart from giving the soup its name, the pasta, which is "a little bigger than a coriander", adds "a fabulous texture that is like no other". The kusksu pasta, which is "not to be confused with couscous", is widely available in Malta, however, this key ingredient may be hard to source in international markets. While alternatives do exist, these may not always yield the best results.
Other ingredients that are typically found in kusksu include the fresh Maltese ġbejna, usually added just before serving; generous amounts of onions and garlic fried in olive oil or butter; bay leaves; tomato paste; eggs which are typically poached in the soup itself, rather than boiled separately; water or vegetable stock; salt and pepper for seasoning, and parsley for garnishing.

## Variations

Multiple versions of this popular Maltese dish exist. Some have included fish, while others have introduced bacon, cabbage, and pumpkin to their kusksu recipe. However, the more "authentic", or perhaps "original" versions of the dish, kusksu bil-ful (kusksu with broad beans), tend to feature fewer and simpler ingredients that are in season. In 2002, MaltaPost issued a series of stamps to celebrate Maltese cuisine and the more traditional version of the dish, kusksu bil-ful, was included.
# Denisa Smolenová

Denisa Smolenová (born 14 February 1989) is a Slovak swimmer who competes in the women's butterfly. At the 2012 Summer Olympics she finished 28th overall in the heats in the women's 100 metre butterfly and failed to reach the final. She also competed in the 200 m butterfly, again not making the final. She had previously competed in the 200 m butterfly at the 2008 Summer Olympics.
# Arthur C. Greene

Arthur C. Greene (January 22, 1881 – June 10, 1958) served three consecutive terms in the Iowa House of Representatives.

## Early life and education

Greene was born in Denison, Iowa. He was educated in Denison schools, and graduated from Denison Normal and Business College.
Greene went to work in his father's brickyard business, and was later a partner.

## Public service

Greene served six years as an alderman in Denison. He then served as Night Marshall, and was elected County Sheriff in 1919.
He was elected to the Iowa House of Representatives from Crawford County, where he served three consecutive terms. Greene was Chair of the Fish and Game Committee, and a member of the Judiciary Committee, Agricultural Committee, Social Security Committee, Conservation Committee, Mines and Mining Committee, and National Defense Committee.
In retirement, Greene served with the Iowa State Patrol in Dennison.

## Personal life

Greene married in 1903, and he and his wife had five children.
Greene was a member of the Iowa Knights of Pythias, the Iowa Improved Order of Red Men, and a member of the Methodist church.
# Chery A1

The Chery A1 is a supermini car produced by the Chinese manufacturer Chery from 2007 to 2015.

## Engines and equipment
### Engines

It was available with a 1.3-litre Acteco SQR473F engine, that has double overhead camshafts and 4 valves per cylinder, giving a peak power output 61 kW (82 hp) and peak torque of 114 N⋅m (84 lb⋅ft).

### Trim levels

There are three trim levels available Standard, Comfortable and Luxury. Both Comfortable and Luxury include air conditioning, alloy wheels, ABS, EBD, CD/MP3 player, electric windows, power steering, trip computer, rear reverse radar and central locking. The Luxury model includes front three-point seat belts with emergency locking retractor (ELR).

## Marketing
### Europe

In Italy, it was assembled by the DR Motor Company from semi-knocked down kits and marketed under its own brand, as the DR2. It was introduced at the 2009 Geneva Motor Show, as the third model marketed by the Italian company. It is available with 15-inch alloy rims and Euro V-compliant engine, and can be fitted with leather upholstery and an LPG kit.
In Europe, it is also marketed in Russia, Ukraine, Serbia, Macedonia and Turkey.

### Australia

In Australia, sales commenced in 2011 (in all states except Victoria), under the name of J1 (as Audi sells the A1 model there). The initial release price was $11,990 AUD; however, a $1,000 cashback offer was made available. This made it one of the cheapest new cars available in Australia, along with the Proton S16, Suzuki Alto and Geely MK (sold in Western Australia only).
It was equipped with more features for the Australian market, including 14-inch alloy wheels, front fog lamps, two front airbags, a six-speaker CD player, air-conditioning, electric windows and side mirrors and a rear windscreen wiper along with a strengthened body and grille. Optional features were floor mats, reversing sensors, Bluetooth connectivity and headlight covers.
Safety features such as ABS and EBD were also included; however, electronic stability control was unavailable. Because of this, the vehicle was never sold in the state of Victoria, which requires all new vehicles sold after 1 January 2011 to come with ESC. This requirement became Australia-wide as from 1 November 2013, effectively banning the car along with some others. Also, it does not have side airbags. With these shortfalls, the Chery J1 scored a three star result in Australian ANCAP tests, making it one of the equal least-safe vehicles sold in the country. Indeed, ANCAP states that it "does not recommend purchasing vehicles with less than 4 stars". A defect in the seat frame necessitated a safety recall in August 2011.
# Widowo

Widowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bielsk Podlaski, within Bielsk County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) east of Bielsk Podlaski and 40 km (25 mi) south of the regional capital Białystok.
# Federico Conforti

Federico Conforti (born 10 March 1992 in Padova) is a retired Italian rugby union player. His usual position was as a Flanker.
For 2016–17 Pro12 season, he named like Additional Player for Benetton.
After playing for Italy Under 20 in 2011 and 2012, in 2016 and 2018, Conforti was also named in the Emerging Italy squad for annual World Rugby Nations Cup.
# Dietrich Christensen

Dietrich Christensen (born 19 February 1909, date of death unknown) was a German sailor. He competed in the mixed 6 metres at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
# Uliana Batashova

Uliana Igorevna Batashova (Russian: Ульяна Игоревна Баташова; born 16 August 1994) is a Russian modern pentathlete. She is a two-time silver medalist of the World Modern Pentathlon Championships. Batashova ranked second in the Women Senior Pentathlon World Cup Ranking on 27 May 2019.
Bathashova participated at the 2020 Summer Olympics, which took place in Tokyo, Japan in 2020. She led after the riding competition, but finished ninth in the final laser run stage.
# Purple Moonlight Pages

Purple Moonlight Pages is the fifth studio album by American rapper Rory Ferreira. It is the first studio album released under the moniker R.A.P. Ferreira. The album was produced by longtime collaborator Kenny Segal's group The Jefferson Park Boys, which features producers/multi-instrumentalists Aaron Carmack, Mike Parvizi, and Kenny Segal. Carmack handles most of the keys, live drums, and horns, Parvizi handles the bass, and Segal handles the beats and some keys. "Purple Moonlight Pages" has features from underground rapper Mike Ladd (who R.A.P. Ferreira has noted as an influence and frequently referenced on his project So the Flies Don't Come) and frequent collaborator Open Mike Eagle.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Pitchfork | 7.7/10 |
Stephen Kearse of Pitchfork reviewed Purple Moonlight Pages as "his most free-spirited project yet".

## Personnel

Credits adapted from Bandcamp.
* Rob Araujo – piano (tracks 12, 16)
* Aaron Carmack – Moog Opus 3 (track 4), live drums (tracks 5, 11, 12, 14, 16), keys (tracks 8, 13, 14), Rhodes (tracks 9, 10, 11, 18), horns (tracks 11, 13, 14, 16, 17), programming (track 16)
* Daddy Kev – mastering
* Miles Doulas – Rhodes (track 17)
* The Jefferson Park Boys – production
* Alexander Kollman – artwork
* Mike Ladd – vocals (track 13)
* Open Mike Eagle – vocals (track 15)
* DJ Prolifix – scratches (tracks 6, 9, 12)
* Mike Parvizi – bass (tracks 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10-14, 17, 18), Casio CZ101 (track 6), guitar (track 8)
* R.A.P. Ferreira – executive producer, vocals (tracks 1-18)
* Kenny Segal – executive producer, mixing, programming (tracks 1, 3-6, 8-15, 17), additional production (track 2), Omnichord (tracks 7, 8), MicroGranny 2 (track 7), Rhodes (track 8), drums (track 13), arrangement (track 18)
* Aaron Shaw – saxophone (track 3), flute (track 18)
* Thomas Tsuruda – programming (track 2)
* Jason Wool – Rhodes (tracks 1, 2)
# Urban Hageman

Urban Frederick Hageman (August 23, 1929 – October 10, 1965) was an American politician.
Urban Hageman was born to parents Ignatius and Elizabeth Hageman on August 23, 1929. After attending school in Calmar, Iowa, Hageman enrolled in an agriculture program and took short courses at Iowa State University. He served in the Panama Canal Zone during the Korean War. Upon his return to the United States, Hageman and his family lived successively in Calmar, Cresco, and Canoe Township.
Hageman was elected as a Democrat to District 91 of the Iowa House of Representatives in November 1964, defeating incumbent Hillman Howard Sersland. Hageman took office on January 11, 1965, and died later that year on October 10, while working on Lee Schissel's farm in Canoe Township.
# Atsushi Kaneko

Atsushi Kaneko (カネコアツシ, Kaneko Atsushi) (born 26 December 1966) is a Japanese manga artist from Sakata, Yamagata Prefecture.
Two of his works, Bambi and Her Pink Gun and Soil, have been published in French. Bambi and Her Pink Gun has been published in English, with Search and Destroy published in English in May 2024. Soil has been adapted into a television drama series.

## Works

* Bambi and Her Pink Gun (1998)
* Soil (2004)
* Wet Moon (2011)
* Deathco (2014)
* Search and Destroy (based on Osamu Tezuka's Dororo) (2018)
* Evol (2020)
# Edwin Slade

Edwin Slade (March 25, 1826 – May 29, 1901) was an American businessman and politician.
Born in Westport, Massachusetts, Slade was in the boot and shoe business. In 1857, Slade moved to Wisconsin and settled in Glenbeulah, Wisconsin. He owned a general store and was in the drug and railroad business. Slade served as postmaster for Glenbeulah, Wisconsin. In 1865, Slade served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and was a Republican Party. In 1890, Slade moved to Pasadena, California. He was president of the Dillingham Manufacturing Company. He died in Pasadena, Wisconsin.
# Christopher Blazejewski

Christopher R. Blazejewski (born December 3, 1979) is an American politician serving as a member of the Rhode Island House of Representatives representing District 2 since January 2011. He served as deputy whip until 2021 when he was elected majority leader. Blazejewski is a progressive Democrat.

## Education

Blazejewski earned his BA from Harvard University and his JD from Harvard Law School.

## Elections

* 2012 Blazejewski was challenged in the September 11, 2012 Democratic Primary, winning with 925 votes (87.6%) and was unopposed for the November 6, 2012 General election, winning with 3,216 votes.
* 2010 When District 2 incumbent Representative David Segal ran for United States House of Representatives in Rhode Island's 1st congressional district, Blazejewski ran in the September 23, 2010 Democratic Primary, winning with 1,029 votes (71.7%) and won the November 2, 2010 General election with 2,010 votes (70.9%) against Independent candidate Richard Rodi.
# Vladimír Socha

RNDr. Vladimír Socha (born 1 January 1982 in Hradec Králové) is a Czech writer, publisher, public lecturer and science promoter from the city of Hradec Králové (north-eastern Czech Republic). His main interest lies in dinosaur paleontology and the history of science in general. So far, he published fifteen books about dinosaurs and primeval life in Czech, six smaller brochures (booklets) and many magazine articles about nature, history and prehistory. In 2009 he volunteered in the summer paleontological field dig in the Hell Creek formation in eastern Montana (for the Museum of the Rockies in Bozeman). A year later, he published a book about the experience called Dinosauři od Pekelného potoka (Dinosaurs from the Hell Creek). He also provides interviews for the Czech Radio and sometimes organises paleoart exhibitions.

## Published book titles

* Úžasný svět dinosaurů (Magnificent World of Dinosaurs), Triton, 2009 (2nd edition 2012)
* Encyklopedie dinosaurů ve světle nejnovějších objevů (Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs in the Light of new Discoveries), Libri, 2010
* Dinosauři od Pekelného potoka (Dinosaurs from the Hell Creek), Motto, 2010
* Po stopách dinosaurů (In the Footsteps of Dinosaurs), Triton, 2011
* Podivuhodní draci (Strange Dragons, brochure), Triton, 2013
* Objevy pod vrstvami času (Discoveries under the Layers of Time), Computer Press, 2014
* Pravěk v českých zemích (Prehistory of the Czech Lands, brochure), Triton, 2015
* Pravěcí vládci oblohy (Prehistoric Rulers of the Skies, brochure), Triton, 2015
* Neznámí dinosauři (Unknown Dinosaurs), Mladá fronta, 2015
* Poslední dny dinosaurů (The Last Days of Dinosaurs), Radioservis, 2016
* Dinosauří rekordmani (Dinosaur Record Holders, brochure), Triton, 2016
* Dinosauři v Čechách (Dinosaurs in the Czech Republic), Vyšehrad, 2017
* Výlet do vesmíru (A Trip to the Universe), Triton, 2017
* Velké vymírání na konci křídy ("The Great Extinction at the end of the Cretaceous"), Pavel Mervart, 2017
* Poslední den druhohor (The Last Day of the Mesozoic), Vyšehrad, 2018
* Nová cesta do pravěku (New journey to prehistory), CPress, 2019
* Legenda jménem Tyrannosaurus rex (A legend named Tyrannosaurus rex), Pavel Mervart, 2019
* Dinosauři (Dinosaurs) (small book/booklet), Bylo nebylo, 2019
* Monstra pravěkých moří (Monsters of the primeval seas, brochure), Triton, 2019
* Pravěcí vládci Evropy ("Prehistoric rulers of Europe"), Kazda. 2020
* Dinosauři - rekordy a zajímavosti (Dinosaurs - Records and Curiosities), Kazda 2021
* Největší dinosauří záhady (Greatest Dinosaur Mysteries), Euromedia Group 2022
# Star Search Croatia season 2

Star Search Croatia (Croatian: Hrvatska traži zvijezdu) Season 2 is the second season of the second Croatian version of Pop Idol, broadcast in 2010.
Auditions were held in the four biggest cities of the country: Zagreb, Rijeka, Osijek and Split. Tony Cetinski and Goran Lisica returned as judges while Jelena Radan was replaced by Anđa Marić during the auditions.

## Finals elimination chart

| Stage: | Stage: | Top 16 | Finals | Finals | Finals | Finals | Finals | Finals | Finals | Finals | Finals |
| Week: | Week: | 4/2 | 4/9 | 4/16 | 4/23 | 4/30 | 5/7 | 5/14 | 5/21 | 5/28 | 6/4 |
| Place | Contestant | Result | Result | Result | Result | Result | Result | Result | Result | Result | Result |
| 1 | Kim Verson | Viewers | | | Btm 2 | | | | | | Winner |
| 2 | Vilibald Kovač | Viewers | | | | | | | | Btm 2 | Runner-Up |
| 3 | Duje Stanišić | Viewers | Btm 2 | | | | | Btm 2 | Btm 2 | Elim | |
| 4 | Juraj Jurlina | Judges | | | | | Btm 2 | | Elim | | |
| 5 | Jurica Gorša | Viewers | | | | Btm 2 | | Elim | | | |
| 6 | Maja Malić | Judges | | Btm 2 | | | Elim | | | | |
| 7 | Petar Brkljačić | Viewers | | | | Elim | | | | | |
| 8 | Adrijana Baković | Viewers | | | Elim | | | | | | |
| 9 | Helena Hunčaga | Judges | | Elim | | | | | | | |
| 10 | Dino Antonić | Viewers | Elim | | | | | | | | |
| 11-16 | Boris Rogoznica | Elim | | | | | | | | | |
| 11-16 | Hana Blažević | Elim | | | | | | | | | |
| 11-16 | Isabella Kim Popović | Elim | | | | | | | | | |
| 11-16 | Ivana Trogrlić | Elim | | | | | | | | | |
| 11-16 | Pjerino Ružević | Elim | | | | | | | | | |
| 11-16 | Zdenka Olujić | Elim | | | | | | | | | |
Note: "Bottom two" consists of two contestants: one who received the fewest votes and one who is randomly picked by not being called as the qualifier before the other contestants.
# Pramsiri Bunphithak

Pramsiri Bunphithak (Thai: เปรมศิริ บุญพิทักษ์; born January 13, 1984, in Suphan Buri Province) is a Thai weightlifter. She won the gold medal for the 48 kg class at the 2009 Southeast Asian Games in Vientiane, Laos, and silver at the 2007 World Weightlifting Championships in Chiang Mai, Thailand, with a total of 194 and 196 kg, respectively.
Bunphithak represented Thailand at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where she competed for the women's flyweight category (48 kg), along with her teammate Pensiri Laosirikul. Bunphithak, however, did not finish the event, after failing to lift a single-motion snatch of 84 kg in three attempts.
# Shivering Sands Army Fort

Shivering Sands Army Fort [U7] was a Maunsell army fort built near the Thames estuary for anti-aircraft defence. It is made up of several once-interconnected towers north of Herne Bay and is 14.8 km (9.2 miles) from the nearest land. They can be viewed from Shoeburyness East Beach on clear days. The Shivering Sands fort was the last of the Thames estuary forts to be constructed, and was grounded between 18 September and 13 December 1943.

## History

The towers were built on land and floated out in 1943. Later in the war, the equipment was replaced, and removed soon after. The forts were abandoned in 1958. In the 1960s, some weather equipment was installed in the searchlight tower. On 7 June 1963, a boat called the Ribersborg collided with one of the towers, which fell into the sea without harming anyone or sinking the boat.
In 1964 Screaming Lord Sutch set up Radio Sutch (a pirate radio station) on one of the old towers. However, he soon became bored and handed the project to his friend and unpaid manager Reginald Calvert, who then expanded into all five towers that were still connected and called it Radio City. After Calvert was killed by Oliver Smedley, his wife took over for a short time before the project was closed by legislation and the towers again abandoned.
In 1990, the top of the searchlight tower was cut away so that helicopters could be used to maintain the weather equipment inside. In 1992, it was decided that the tower was no longer necessary for the continued operation of the instruments contained within, and a large buoy was placed next to the tower for the same purpose.
In August and September 2005, artist Stephen Turner spent six weeks living alone in the searchlight tower of the Shivering Sands Fort, in what he described as "an artistic exploration of isolation, investigating how one's experience of time changes in isolation, and what creative contemplation means in a 21st-century context".

## Cultural references

The forts, filmed from a North Sea ferry, appear in the 1984 music video for the song "A Sort of Homecoming" by the Irish pop music band U2.
The British indie band, The Mystery Jets, filmed the music video of their song "Bubblegum" at Shivering Sands Army Fort.
Science fiction writer Sheila Finch's novella Not This Tide used the Shivering Sands fort as one of its settings.
# Manford W. Rainwater

Manford W. Rainwater (September 10, 1913 – November 20, 1997) was an American politician. He served as a Democratic member of the New Mexico House of Representatives.

## Life and career

Manford W. Rainwater attended the University of New Mexico and the University of Oklahoma. He later served three terms in the New Mexico House of Representatives from the mid-1950s.
Rainwater died on November 20, 1997, of lung cancer at the age of 84.