OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Francis Huebschmann

Francis (Franz) Huebschmann (April 19, 1817 – March 21, 1880) was a German American immigrant, physician, and Democratic politician. He served four and a half years in the Wisconsin State Senate, representing the northern half of Milwaukee County, and was a noted surgeon for the Union Army during the American Civil War.

## Biography

Francis Huebschmann was born in Riethnordhausen, in what was then the Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (in modern-day Germany). He was educated at Erfurt and Weimar, and graduated in medicine at Jena in 1841.
He came to the United States in 1842, and settled in Milwaukee, where he resided until his death.
He was school commissioner from 1843 until 1851, a member of the first Wisconsin Constitutional Convention of 1846, and served on the committee on suffrage and elective franchise. He was a special champion of the provision in the constitution granting foreigners equal rights with Americans. He was Democratic Party presidential elector in 1848, for Lewis Cass, a member of the Milwaukee City Council and a Milwaukee County supervisor from 1848 until 1867. He served three periods as Wisconsin State Senator, first from 1851 to 1852, second in 1862, and finally frrom 1871 to 1872. From 1853 until 1857, he was superintendent of the affairs of the Native Americans of the northern United States.
During the Civil War, he entered the Union Army in 1862 as surgeon of the 26th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment. He was surgeon in charge of a division at the Battle of Chancellorsville, and of the XI Corps at Gettysburg, where he was held by the Confederates for three days. He was also at the Battle of Chattanooga, in charge of the Corps hospital in Lookout Valley in 1864, and brigade surgeon in the Atlanta Campaign. He was honorably discharged in that year, and, returning to Milwaukee, became connected with the United States General Hospital.
# William Greening

William Greening was an English-born American member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

## Biography

Greening was born in December 1827 in what was then Devonshire, England. He settled in La Grange, Walworth County, Wisconsin in 1855.

## Career

Greening was a member of the Assembly during the 1877 session. Other positions he held include Chairman (similar to Mayor), Supervisor and Assessor of La Grange. He was a Republican.
# Leonhard Wächter

Leonhard Wächter (25 November 1762 — 11 February 1837) was a German writer and historian who often published under the pseudonym Veit Weber. His most well-known work of fiction was Sagen der Vorzeit ('Legends of the Past'), a seven volume idealized account of Germany in the middle ages. The work influenced several 18th- and early 19th-century Gothic novelists in both Britain and France. According to the Germanist James Taft Hatfield, it also had an influence on Goethe's poem "Im ernsten Beinhaus".
# John Bryan (art director)

Eric John Bryan Pratt (12 August 1911 – 10 June 1969), known professionally as John Bryan, was a British art director and film producer.
John Bryan was born in Kensington, London, England. He won the Oscar for Best Art Direction for the film Great Expectations in 1948. He was nominated twice more, for Caesar and Cleopatra in 1947 and for Becket in 1965. Bryan also won a BAFTA for Becket.
In 1959, he was a member of the jury at the 9th Berlin International Film Festival.
He died from cancer at a hospital in Thames Ditton, Surrey, on 10 June 1969.

## Filmography
### Art director

* Colonel Blood (1934)
* Murder by Rope (1936)
* Hearts of Humanity (1936)
* The Captain's Table (1936)
* Men of Yesterday (1936)
* Things to Come (1936, assistant)
* The Song of the Road (1937)
* The Last Curtain (1937)
* Talking Feet (1937)
* Stepping Toes (1938)
* Pygmalion (1938)
* Inspector Hornleigh (1939)
* On the Night of the Fire (1939)
* Stolen Life (1939)
* The Spider (1940)
* Major Barbara (1941)
* Dangerous Moonlight (1941)
* King Arthur Was a Gentleman (1942)
* Dear Octopus (1943)
* Millions Like Us (1943)
* The Adventures of Tartu (1943)
* Time Flies (1944)
* Fanny by Gaslight (1944)
* Love Story (1944)
* Two Thousand Women (1944)
* The Wicked Lady (1945)
* Caesar and Cleopatra (1945)
* The Magic Bow (1946)
* Caravan (1946)
* Great Expectations (1946)
* The Root of All Evil (1947)
* Take My Life (1947)
* Blanche Fury (1948)
* Oliver Twist (1948)
* The Passionate Friends (1949)
* Madeleine (1950)
* Golden Salamander (1950)
* Pandora and the Flying Dutchman (1951)
* The Magic Box (1951)
* Becket (1964)
* Great Catherine (1968)

### Producer

* The Card (1952)
* The Million Pound Note (1954)
* The Purple Plain (1954)
* The Spanish Gardener (1956)
* The Secret Place (1957)
* Windom's Way (1957)
* The Horse's Mouth (1958)
* There Was a Crooked Man (1960)
* The Girl on the Boat (1962)
* Tamahine (1963)
* After the Fox (1966)
* The Touchables (1968)
# Solières Abbey

Solières Abbey (French: Abbaye de Solières) is a former Cistercian nunnery located in Wallonia in the district of Ben-Ahin, municipality of Huy, province of Liège, Belgium.

## History

The abbey was founded in the late 12th century as an Augustinian community, which affiliated itself to the Cistercians in 1229. It is said the abbey was founded in 1100AD by Peter the Hermit, on his return from the First Crusade.
The abbey was dissolved in 1795 during the French Revolution and sold off as a national asset in 1797.

## Château

The church and most of the conventual buildings were demolished but the purchaser of the abbess's residence, built in 1658, converted it into a mansion for his own use, from which time it was known as the Château de l'Abbaye de Solières.
In 1935 it was purchased by the insurance co-operative of the Belgian Socialist Party, who used it as a home for mentally and physically handicapped boys, under the name L'Heureux Abri. It returned to private ownership in 1999, and is again known as the Château de l'Abbaye de Solières. The building is a protected Walloon monument but is conspicuously in a very poor state of repair.
# Joseph T. Shipley

Joseph Twadell Shipley (August 19, 1893 – May 11, 1988) was an American drama critic, author, editor and associate professor of English at Yeshiva College in New York City.

## Early life

Shipley graduated from City College in 1912. He received a Ph.D. in comparative literature from Columbia in 1931 with the thesis The quest for literature; a survey of literary criticism and the theories of the literary forms.

## Academia

Shipley taught English at Stuyvesant High School from 1914 to 1957, and also taught at City College and Brooklyn College. He was secretary to the president of Yeshiva college, assistant professor and then associate professor at Yeshiva college in the period 1928 to 1944 - "a member of the first faculty of Yeshiva College."

## Literature

Shipley became drama critic of The Call in 1918. The Call later became The New Leader and Shipley was drama critic in this paper until 1962. His theater reviews were broadcast on the radio station WEVD in New York on his program First Nights from 1940 to 1982. He was president of the New York Drama Critics’ Circle 1952-1954 and was secretary for the group for 16 years, until 1982.
He was the author or editor of 27 books. He published a book about Eugene O'Neill in 1928 and was among the first to write about O'Neill. His last book: Origins of English Words, was published in 1984 by Johns Hopkins University Press.
Shipley was an honorary overseas member of the Critics Circle in London, and was in 1977 awarded the Townsend Harris Medal by City College for his distinguished career in criticism.
# The Blue Print: Us vs. Them

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Clash | 4/10 |
| The Guardian | |
The Blue Print: Us vs. Them is the debut studio album by British hip hop duo D-Block Europe, self-released on October 9, 2020. It features guest appearances from Aitch, Lil Pino, Raye, Srno and Stefflon Don. The album debuted at number 2 on the UK Albums Chart and number 1 on the UK R&B Albums Chart. It was supported with five singles: "Free 22", "Plain Jane", "We Won", "UFO" and "Ferrari Horses", which all peaked in the UK Official Singles Chart's top 40. The album was BPI certified Silver on March 5, 2021 for accumulating over 60,000 album-equivalent units in the United Kingdom.

## Personnel

* Young Adz – performer (tracks 1–9, 11–21, 23–29)
* Dirtbike LB – performer (tracks 1–10, 12–16, 18–24, 26–29)
* Stefflon Don – performer (track 6)
* Aitch – performer (track 19)
* Raye – performer (track 21)
* Lil Pino – performer (track 22)
* GOKO! - producer (track 8)
* Srno – performer (track 24)
* Carson Avery Lee – producer (track 22)
* Jony-Christan Linton-Jude – producer (tracks 1, 23, 25, 27)
* Sean D Engineer – recording, mixing, mastering
* Meero – producer (tracks 3–4)
* Mindthegap – producers (track 11)
* BKH Beats – producer (tracks 2–9)

## Certifications

Certifications for The Blue Print: Us vs. Them :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Gold | 100,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Edward H. Ives

Edward H. Ives (December 18, 1819 – November 18, 1892) was an American lawyer, Democratic politician, and pioneer of Iowa and Wisconsin. He was a member of the Wisconsin State Senate and State Assembly, representing Pierce County, and earlier was sheriff of Des Moines County, Iowa.

## Biography

Ives was born on December 18, 1819, in Newton Falls, Ohio. He was elected sheriff of Des Moines County, Iowa, in 1850. He moved to Prescott, Wisconsin, in 1858.
In Pierce County, he was the publisher of the Prescott Plaindealer, a Democratic partisan newspaper.
Ives was a member of the Democratic Party and was elected to the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1868, representing all of Pierce County. The following year he was elected to the Wisconsin State Senate, representing Wisconsin's 28th State Senate district, which then comprised eight counties in the northwest of the state.
He died at his home in Prescott on November 18, 1892.

## Personal life and family

Edward Ives was the second of nine children born to Eben Ives and his wife Elizabeth (née Hull). His grandfather, Asa Ives, fought in the American Revolutionary War. The Ives were descendants of William Ives, who came to the Massachusetts Bay Colony from England in 1635.
Edward Ives married Mary J. Harris. They had four children. Their eldest son, John, also became a lawyer and public official—he was district attorney of Barron County, Wisconsin, and later served in the Minnesota House of Representatives and the Minnesota Senate.
# Maynard T. Parker

Maynard T. Parker (October 30, 1850 – June 25, 1915) was an American jurist, newspaper editor, and politician.
Born in Roxbury, New Hampshire, Parker moved to Racine, Wisconsin, with his parents in 1854. He then moved with his parents to Ahnapee, Kewaunee County, Wisconsin, in 1855. Parker was one of the editors and owners of the Ahnapee Record newspaper. He went to Ripon College and was admitted to the Wisconsin bar in 1879. Parker practiced law in Algoma, Wisconsin. He served as Algoma village and city clerk. Parker also served as mayor of Algoma. Parker served as Algoma city attorney and Kewaunee County district attorney. In 1897, Parker served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and was a Republican. Parker then served as Kewaunee County judge until his death. He died at his home in Algoma.
# Pine Cross Dover

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Pine/Cross Dover is the sixth studio album by American rock band Masters of Reality. It was released in 2009. The album consists of two halves; tracks 1–5 make up "Pine", and tracks 6–11 make up "Cross Dover".

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Chris Goss, except where noted.

## Credits

* Chris Goss – vocals, guitars, bass, keyboards
* John Leamy – drums, keyboards, guitars

### Additional personnel

* Dave Catching – additional guitars ("Absinthe Jim and Me", "Worm in the Silk", "Johnny's Dream", "Up in It", "Dreamtime Stomp" and "Rosie's Presence")
* Brian O'Connor – bass ("King Richard TLH", "Absinthe Jim And Me", "Johnny's Dream" and "Rosie's Presence")
* Mark Christian – guitar ("The Whore of New Orleans" and "Alfalfa")
* Brendon McNichol – bass ("Alfalfa")
* Mike Lowry – drums ("Testify to Love")
* Pablo Clements – additional engineering ("Testify to Love")
# Aubrey W. Dirlam

Aubrey W. Dirlam (October 20, 1913 – June 3, 1995) was a Minnesota politician and a former member of the Minnesota House of Representatives who represented the old District 14, District 17, District 17A, and District 21B, which included all or portions of Brown, Kandiyohi, Redwood, Renville and Yellow Medicine counties in the southwestern part of the state. The district number and boundaries changed through the years due to redistricting.

## House service and leadership

First elected in 1940, Dirlam was re-elected every two years until he retired in 1975. During his 34 years in the House, he served as Speaker, Majority Leader and Minority Leader. He was a member of the Legislature at a time when candidates, representatives and leadership positions were officially non-partisan. He allied with the House's Conservative Caucus, and was known to be a Republican.
Dirlam originally sought the House speakership in 1963, but lost the contest by one vote to Lloyd Duxbury, accepting the majority leader position in compensation. He later succeeded Duxbury as Speaker in 1971 and was the last officially nonpartisan Speaker. He had occasion to preside over the longest special session in state history (159 calendar days) that same year after Governor Wendell Anderson called the Legislature back to Saint Paul. After a series of meetings with the governor and Senate Majority Leader Stanley Holmquist, they were able to craft the "Minnesota Miracle," which set a new pattern in the state's financing of education.
Dirlam served as chair of the Agriculture Committee from 1949 to 1955, and as chair of the Rules Committee from 1963 to 1971. He was also a member of the Education, Governmental Operations, Rules and Legislative Administration, and Taxes committees.

## Background and later years

Born in Panora, Iowa, Dirlam moved with his family to the Redwood Falls, Minnesota area in 1919, where they farmed. In addition to being a lifelong grain and livestock farmer, he and his family were also involved with a meat and locker business. He also served on the Redwood Falls School Board.
In 1981, Governor Al Quie appointed Dirlam to serve on the Minnesota Board of Residential Utility Consumers, a position he held until 1985. He died in 1995 and was buried in Redwood Falls Cemetery.
# Siege of Kars (1828)

The siege of Kars took place during the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829. A Russian army, led by General Ivan Paskevich, successfully took Kars in Turkish Armenia from the Ottomans. The battle itself lasted three days, from 20 to 23 June 1828. The capture was almost a complete accident. During the initial stages of the war, a rifleman enacted an unauthorized advancement towards the city and with the Russian army noticing the imminent danger said troop was in, they rushed to their protection which thus resulted in Kars falling after Ottoman troops engaged the Russian position. The Ottoman force, numbering some 11,000 men before the siege, lost 2,000 men and 151 artillery guns. The Russian contingent lost 400 men.
# Minor seventh

In music theory, a minor seventh is one of two musical intervals that span seven staff positions. It is minor because it is the smaller of the two sevenths, spanning ten semitones. The major seventh spans eleven. For example, the interval from A$_3$ to G$_4$ is a minor seventh, as the note G$_4$ lies ten semitones above A$_3$, and there are seven staff positions from A$_3$ to G$_4$. Diminished and augmented sevenths span the same number of staff positions, but consist of a different number of semitones (nine and twelve, respectively).

## Use

Minor seventh intervals rarely feature in melodies (and especially in their openings) but occur more often than major sevenths. A well-known example, in part due to its frequent use in theory classes, is found between the first two words of the phrase "There's a place for us" in the song "Somewhere" in West Side Story. Another well-known example occurs between the first two notes of the introduction to the main theme music from Star Trek: The Original Series theme.
The most common occurrence of the minor seventh is built on the root of the prevailing key's dominant triad, producing the all-important dominant seventh chord.
During the common practice period the minor seventh was prescribed as a dissonance, requiring resolution to a consonance.

## In other temperaments

In just intonation there is both a 16:9 "lesser just minor seventh", also called the "Pythagorean small minor seventh",(Play) equivalent to two perfect fourths stacked on top of each other, and 9:5, called the "greater just minor seventh" (Play) equivalent to a perfect fifth and a minor third on top of each other. An interval close in frequency is the harmonic seventh. (Play)
# Hongqi H5

The Hongqi H5 is a compact executive car produced by Chinese automobile manufacturer Hongqi, a subsidiary of FAW Group from 2017. It was positioned under the Hongqi H7 full-size luxury car. The second generation Hongqi H5 was unveiled in 2022 with updated design language shared with the Hongqi H9 flagship.

## First generation (2017–2022)

The first generation Hongqi H5 was originally reviewed as a preproduction concept during the 2017 Shanghai Auto Show, the production Hongqi H5 mid-size sedan debuted on the 2017 Guangzhou Auto Show. The Hongqi H5 is based on the same platform as the third generation Mazda 6 (GJ/GL), which is known as Mazda Atenza (produced by FAW-Mazda joint venture) in the Chinese market.
* Hongqi H5 pre-facelift
* Rear view
* Interior

### Powertrain

For the 2018 model year, the only engine option was a 1.8-litre turbo producing 178 hp (133 kW; 180 PS) and 250 N⋅m (184 lb⋅ft) of torque, the engine was mated to a 6-speed automatic gearbox. with prices ranging from 149,800 to 195,800 yuan.
For the 2020 model year, The 1.8-liter turbo was updated with a 48V mild hybrid system producing 197 hp (147 kW; 200 PS) and 320 N⋅m (236 lb⋅ft) of torque, and the transmission remained to be the 6-speed automatic gearbox. a new 1.5-litre turbo producing 169 hp (126 kW; 171 PS) and 258 N⋅m (190 lb⋅ft) of torque mated to a 7-speed dual-clutch gearbox option was added to the production line. With prices ranging from 145,800 to 190,800 yuan.

### Hongqi H5 Sports

The Hongqi H5 Sports was offered as a sports oriented appearance package for the Hongqi H5. It featured a more aggressive looking front and rear bumper, a reworked grille, glossy black trim accents and a boot-mounted spoiler, and quad exhaust tips. However, the powertrain remained to be the same and was unchanged.

## Second generation (2022–present)

Media images of the second generation Hongqi H5 were released in March 2022. The second generation model features a completely redesigned exterior in the same style of the Hongqi H9 flagship.
* Rear view
* Interior
# Lap 5

Lap 5 is the second studio album by British hip hop duo D-Block Europe, self-released on 23 September 2022. In addition to featuring members Dirtbike LB and Young Adz on specific tracks, it features guest appearances from Ghost Killer Track and Ed Sheeran, as well as vocals from Burna Boy. The album debuted at number two on the UK Albums Chart and number one on the UK R&B Albums Chart. It was supported with five singles: "Black Beatles", "Elegant & Gang", "Fantasy", "Man in the Mirror" and "4 the Win", which all peaked in the top 50 of the UK Singles Chart. The album was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI).

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| NME | |
Kyann-Sian Williams of NME called the album "intriguing but uneven" but one on which the duo "show precisely why their formula works, and offer room for growth". Williams found that the duo "are truly in their stride when they can blend the more traditional hip-hop styles with suave melodies".

### Year-end lists

Select year-end rankings of Lap 5 :
| Publication | List | Rank | Ref. |
| Complex UK | Complex UK's Best Albums of 2022 | 11 | |

## Track listing

Notes
* "She’s Not Anyone" originally featured Burna Boy; however, his verse was removed from the album a week after its release for unknown reasons.

## Charts

Chart performance for Lap 5 :
| Chart (2022) | Peak position |
| Australian Albums (ARIA) | 75 |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders) | 118 |
| Dutch Albums (Album Top 100) | 35 |
| Irish Albums (OCC) | 13 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 2 |
| UK R&B Albums (OCC) | 1 |

## Certifications

Certifications for Lap 5 :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Gold | 100,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Franklin S. Lawrence

Franklin S. Lawrence was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1880 and 1881. He was a Republican. Lawrence was born on February 5, 1824, in Weathersfield, Vermont.
# National Qualifications

National Qualifications (NQs) are qualifications studied in secondary schools and colleges of further education in Scotland. There used to be three types of National Qualification - Standard Grades, National Courses and National Units.

## Standard Grades

Standard Grades are a now discontinued qualification. They were mainly studied over two years during the third and fourth years of secondary schooling. There were three level in Standard Grade—Credit, General and Foundation—with Credit passes normally being expected for pupils to have a reasonable prospect at success studying that subject at Higher level the following year.

## National Courses and Units

National Courses were first introduced in the 2013/2014 examination diet. They include Nationals 1-5, (New) Higher and (New) Advanced Higher. National 4 replaced Standard Grade General and National 5 replaced Standard Grade Credit. For more the most up-to-date information on Scottish qualifications, please visit the SQA website.
They were originally introduced as the step following on from Standard Grade and were offered at Higher level, but also at lower levels than Higher to allow further opportunities for pupils to progress. Immediately below Higher level was Intermediate 2 which was broadly the level of Credit at Standard Grade; below that Intermediate 1 which was broadly the level of General at Standard Grade. Access 3 was broadly the level of Foundation at Standard Grade, and below that Access 2 and Access 1 for those pupils who required additional learning support.
Above Higher level is Advanced Higher which would normally be studied by pupils who have passed a group of Highers but have decided to study at Secondary school for a sixth year before going on to University.
To pass a National Course (such as for example, Higher Mathematics), students had to pass a number of National Units that were internally assessed, as well as pass a final externally assessed examination. Unit assessments are unseen and should a student fail an assessment opportunity, only one re-sit opportunity is provided using a fresh unseen assessment. (A second re-sit opportunity is only allowed in exceptional circumstances.) Failure to pass a National Unit at Higher level would mean that a student would be unable to pass the National Course at Higher level that year, though they may successfully complete a number of National Units.
# Victoria Jubilee Hospital for Women

The Victoria Jubilee Hospital for Women is a hospital in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. It was established by the Indian industrialist Ranchhodlal Chhotalal in 1889. Motibai Kapadia was its first chief medical officer.