OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John B. Mullan

John Boyd Mullan (December 27, 1863 in Rochester, Monroe County, New York – August 15, 1955 in Rochester, NY) was an American politician from New York.

## Life

Mullan was a member of the New York State Senate (46th D.) from 1915 to 1921, sitting in the 138th, 139th, 140th, 141st, 142nd, 143rd and 144th New York State Legislatures. He co-sponsored with Assemblyman Bert P. Gage the "Mullan–Gage Act", New York State's version of the Volstead Act, which was enacted in 1921, and repealed a few years later. Mullan resigned his seat on July 28, 1921, to accept an appointment as Postmaster of Rochester.

## Sources

* Quits Senate to Be Postmaster in NYT on July 29, 1921
* JOHN BOYD MULLAN in NYT on August 16, 1955 (subscription required)
New York State Senate :
| Preceded byWilliam L. Ormrod | New York State Senate 46th District 1915–1921 | Succeeded byHomer E. A. Dick |
* This article about a member of the New York State Senate is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# William A. Carson

William A. Carson (August 3, 1863 – April 29, 1949) was an American politician from New York.

## Life

Born in Rushville, New York, he graduated from Rushville High School, and Hobart College.
Carson was first elected to the New York State Senate in 1916, and served from 1917 to 1922, sitting in the 140th, 141st (both 42nd D.), 142nd, 143rd, 144th and 145th New York State Legislatures (all four 43rd D.).
Carson died in Syracuse, New York, after a three-week hospitalization.
# Anatomy (disambiguation)

Anatomy is the biological science concerned with the structure of living things
Anatomy may also refer to:
* Human anatomy, the biological science concerned with the structure of the human body
* Plant anatomy, the biological science concerned with the structure of plants
* Anatomy (film), released in 2000, a German horror film
* Anatomy 2, released in 2003, the sequel to the film Anatomy
* Amatory anatomy, a style of English poetry
* Anatomy (Stan Ridgway album), 1999
* Anatomy (Drugstore album), 2011
* "Anatomy", a song by The Devil Wears Prada from the EP Zombie
* "Anatomic", a song by the Afro Celt Sound System from the album Volume 5: Anatomic
* Anatomy, a video game by independent developer Kitty Horrorshow.
* Project anatomy, a tool for integration planning that visualizes dependencies between work items in development projects
* System anatomy, a systems development tool that visualizes the dependencies between system capabilities in (complex) systems
* Menippean satire, a genre referred to by critic Northrop Frye as "anatomy"
# Jaromierz, Kwidzyn County

Jaromierz is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gardeja, within Kwidzyn County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) north-east of Gardeja, 17 km (11 mi) south-east of Kwidzyn, and 86 km (53 mi) south-east of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Evan LeRoy Johnson

Evan LeRoy Johnson is an American operatic tenor who has appeared internationally at leading opera houses and festivals, based at the Bavarian State Opera since 2021. His leading roles include Bizet's Don José and Puccini's Rodolfo and Pinkerton. His performance as the Prince in Dvořák's Rusalka at the Glyndebourne was recorded on video.

## Life and career

Evan LeRoy Johnson was born in United States. He studied voice at the University of Kentucky and at the Curtis Institute of Music.
LeRoy Johnson made his European debut at the Norwegian Opera in 2016 in a staged version of Britten's War Requiem by Calixto Bieito conducted by Lothar Koenigs. He first appeared in Germany as Don José in Bizet's Carmen at the Oldenburgisches Staatstheater. He first appeared at the Bavarian State Opera in 2018 as Cassio in Verdi's Otello and joined the ensemble in 2021, performing as Rodolfo in Puccini's La bohème, Count Albert in Korngold's Die tote Stadt, Chevalier de la Force in Poulenc's Dialogues des Carmélites, and Brighella in Ariadne auf Naxos by Richard Strauss, among others.
In 2019, he appeared at the Glyndebourne Festival for the first time, as the Prince in Dvořák's Rusalka, conducted by Robin Ticciati. A reviewer noted the pure vocal lyricism of his voice paired with stage presence. He performed as Pinkerton in Puccini's Madama Butterfly at the Dallas Opera and in a new production staged by R. B. Schlather at the Oper Frankfurt, with Heather Engebretson in the title role. He performed as Edgardo in Donizetti's Lucia di Lammermoor at the Lyric Opera of Kansas City, and as the tenor soloist in Verdi's Requiem at the Opera Philadelphia. He appeared as Lensky in Tchaikovsky's Eugene Onegin at the San Francisco Opera. He performed at the Salzburg Festival as Malcolm in Verdi's Macbeth. He first appeared at the National Theatre in Prague as the Prince in Rusalka in 2023.
# Ewout Irrgang

Ewout Irrgang (born 20 July 1976 in Utrecht) is a former Dutch politician, anti-globalization activist and banking employee. As a member of the Socialist Party (Socialistische Partij) he was an MP from 6 October 2005 to 19 September 2012. He focused on matters of finance, development aid and globalization.
Irrgang studied political science at VU University Amsterdam and economics at the University of Amsterdam. He is the founder and head of the New Republican Society.
# Robert R. Lawson

Robert R. Lawson (c. 1872 – November 24, 1934) was an American newspaper editor, lawyer and politician from New York.

## Life

He was born about 1872 in Brooklyn, Kings County, New York. He was a special correspondent, reporter and editorial writer for several New York City newspapers for about fifteen years. Then he studied law, graduated LL.B. in 1905, and practiced law in Brooklyn.
Lawson was a member of the New York State Senate (9th D.) from 1915 to 1918, sitting in the 138th, 139th, 140th and 141st New York State Legislatures.
In September 1917, he ran in the Republican primary election for Borough President of Brooklyn, but was defeated by the incumbent Lewis H. Pounds who subsequently was defeated for-re-election.
In November 1918, Lawson ran for re-election to the State Senate but was defeated by Democrat Charles E. Russell. The Citizens Union said that "Senator Lawson has continued to demonstrate his unfitness for legislative office," and endorsed his Democratic opponent Russell.
In September 1920, Lawson ran in the Republican primary for Secretary of State of New York but was defeated by John J. Lyons.
Lawson died on November 24, 1934, at his home at 24 Woodbine Street in Brooklyn, after a long illness.
# Tiszacsermely

Tiszacsermely is a village in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, Hungary.
# African Virtual University

The African Virtual University (AVU) is a pan-African effort to create an open and affordable distance learning institution to serve the African continent. The AVU began in 1997 as a project of the World Bank and later developed into an autonomous institution after it was handed over to African governments in 2003. Over the program's lifetime, critics have questioned its efficacy as well as its neocolonial aspects.

## Reasons for creation

Sub-Saharan Africa is a region that has experienced high rates of HIV/AIDS, political instability, and poverty. These conditions have contributed to a paucity of state-run educational institutions, an insufficient number of educators, and a surplus of students. For these reasons, many students attend universities outside of SSA which has drained the region of its educated residents Specifically, the AVU was designed to expand the capacity of SSA institutions of higher learning to service a larger number of students. The UVA hoped that these additional spaces would lower the cost of education to more affordable levels. Furthermore, the AVU initiative desired to equip SSA students with the skills they would need to compete in the new professional jobs emerging on the continent—especially in the technical industries. The initiative hoped that the AVU could provide access to academic databases, high-quality professors, and technical curricula to close the gap between African country's economies and that of the rest of the world.
As of 2013, the program had more than 40,000 graduates in 27 Sub-Saharan countries and planned to expand to phone-based content in 2015 due to the prevalence of smartphones on the continent.

## Neocolonialism in higher education

Conditions attached to World Bank loans forced African countries to reduce spending on higher education, since higher education institutions paid lower dividends than elementary and secondary education programs. These conditions decreased the quality of education provided by African universities. Additionally, the World Bank also introduced their own more expensive alternative programs taught by western professors. These programs, especially regarding historical, cultural, and humanities-related content raised concerns about the interpretations being provided by western scholars. The origins of many African universities harkens back to western influence as well. Modern western schools have reinforced this legacy of dependency through AVU's western partner universities who provide the program's content. This flow of knowledge moves in a one-way direction from the West to the East, leaving African countries with little say in the curriculum.
# Dimitrios Taliadoros

Dimitrios "Takis" Taliadoros (1925 – 25 May 2011) was a Greek basketball player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Ekchinti, Wadgera

Ekchinti, Wadgera is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. Administratively since 2017, Ekchinti, Wadgera has been under the Wadgera Taluka of Yadgir district in Karnataka. It lies on the left (east) bank of the Krishna River. Ekchinti is 8 kilometers by road southwest of the village of Hayyal (B), Wadgera and 28 kiolmeters by road northwest of the City of Shahapur, Karnataka.and 24 kiolmeters by road northeast of the Taluka of Wadgera Taluka.and 49 kiolmeters by road northeast of the District of Yadgir . The nearest rail station is Yadgir railway station and the nearest railhead is in Yadgir.

## Education

The government primary school at Ekchinti has twice been shifted away to other locales.

## Demographics

At the 2011 census, Ekchinti had 1,246 inhabitants, with 615 males and 631 females.
# John C. Kluczynski

John Carl Kluczynski (February 15, 1896 – January 26, 1975) was an American World War I veteran who served 13 terms as a U.S. Representative from Illinois, representing the 5th district from 1951 until his death from a heart attack in Chicago, Illinois in 1975.

## Early life and career

Born in Chicago, Illinois to Thomas Kluczynski and Mary Kluczynski, née Sulaski, Kluczynski attended public and parochial schools, and during the First World War served overseas as a corporal with the Eighth Field Artillery in 1918 and 1919.
He worked in the catering business upon returning to Chicago, and served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1933 through 1948. In 1948, Kluczynski was elected to the Illinois Senate in 1948 where he served until December 1949. He resigned in 1949 to run as candidate for Congress.

## Tenure in Congress

Kluczynski was elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-second Congress. He was reelected to the twelve succeeding Congresses, and served from January 3, 1951, until his death from a heart attack January 26, 1975, in Chicago.
He voted in favor of the Civil Rights Act of 1957.
While in Congress, he served as chairman of the Public Works subcommittee on transportation.
He was interred in Resurrection Mausoleum, Justice, Illinois.

## Legacy

The office building at the Chicago Federal Center, known as the Kluczynski Federal Building, was named in Kluczynski's honor after his death in 1975.
He was a Polish-American, active in the life of his community as a member of the Polish National Alliance and Polish Roman Catholic Union of America.
# Walter W. Bankhead

Walter Will Bankhead (July 21, 1897 – November 24, 1988) was an American politician. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as U.S. Representative from Alabama in 1941. He was the son of John Hollis Bankhead II and the grandson of John H. Bankhead, both of whom represented Alabama in the United States Senate.

## Early life

Walter Will Bankhead was born on July 21, 1897, in Jasper, Alabama. Bankhead attended the public schools. He was the son of John Hollis Bankhead II, grandson of John H. Bankhead, nephew of William Brockman Bankhead, and cousin of Tallulah Bankhead.
He graduated from Marion Military Institute in 1916, from the University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa in 1919, and from the law department of the University of Alabama School of Law in 1920. He was admitted to the bar in 1920 and commenced practice in Jasper.

## Career

Bankhead served as a delegate to the 1940 Democratic National Convention in Chicago. Less than two months before the general election that fall, his uncle, U.S. House Speaker William B. Bankhead, died. A local doctor, Zadoc L. Weatherford, was elected to the remainder of the late Speaker's term, but did not seek election to the full term. Walter Bankhead agreed to run for the full term, but stipulated he would serve for only one month, thus allowing time for a long-term successor to his uncle to be chosen in a special election. He thus served in the Seventy-seventh Congress as a Democrat from January 3 to February 1, 1941, when he resigned.
Bankhead then resumed the practice of law, and served as chairman of the board of Bankhead Mining Co., Inc., and Bankhead Development Co., Inc. He also served as president of Mammoth Packing Co. and Bankhead Broadcasting Co., Inc., and as vice chairman of the board of directors of the First National Bank of Jasper.

## Personal life

He had two daughters and one son: Blossom, Barbara, and John Hollis Bankhead III.

## Death

Bankhead died at his home in Jasper on November 24, 1988. He was interred at Oak Hill Cemetery in Jasper.
# Vincent M. Ferrara

Vincent M. Ferrara, also known as "The Animal", (born 1949) is an Italian-American mobster from Boston, Massachusetts of the New England-based Patriarca crime family.

## Criminal career

On March 22, 1990, Ferrara was indicted on racketeering and related charges with six other alleged members and an associate of the Patriarca Family. More specifically, Ferrara, Raymond J. Patriarca, J.R. Russo, Robert Carrozza, Dennis Lepore, Carmen Tortora, Pasquale Barone and Angelo Mercurio, who was, significantly, a fugitive, were charged with violating the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO), by conspiring to participate in the affairs of a racketeering enterprise, and doing so, through a pattern of racketeering acts that included murder, extortion, and other crimes, some of which were also charged as separate substantive offenses. Three years later, under a plea agreement with the government just as his case was about to go to trial, he pleaded guilty to racketeering, extortion, gambling, and ordering the 1985 slaying of Boston mobster Vincent "Jimmy" Limoli. The murder was apparently the result of a narcotics transaction gone bad. Ferrara received a 22-year sentence.

## Release from prison

After serving 16 years in prison, Ferrara was released on April 12, 2005. U.S. District Judge Mark L. Wolf ruled that several years were to be cut from Ferrara's sentence after finding that a prosecutor, Assistant United States Attorney Jeffrey Auerhahn, had withheld evidence during plea negotiations. Specifically, a key witness had tried to recant his claim that Ferrara had directed his codefendant Pasquale Barone to murder Vincent Limoli. Wolf concluded that Ferrara was denied due process and was probably innocent of Limoli's slaying, but pled guilty rather than risk a wrongful conviction. If Ferrara had been aware of the recantation, the judge decided, he may not have agreed to the deal that sent him to prison for 22 years. Ferrara, a father of five, was placed on supervised release for three years and prohibited from contact with any convicted felons during that time. Ferrara has stated that he will not return to his criminal past. As of 2022 Ferrara is operating a business which combines valet parking service and garage management.
# Montréal-Laurier

Montréal-Laurier (French pronunciation:) was a former provincial electoral district in the Montreal region of Quebec, Canada that elected members to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec.
It was created for the 1912 election from part of Hochelaga electoral district. Its final election was in 1962. It disappeared in the 1966 election and its successor electoral district was Laurier.

## Members of the Legislative Assembly

* Napoléon Turcot, Liberal (1912–1919)
* Ernest Poulin, Liberal (1919–1923)
* Alfred Duranleau, Conservative Party (1923–1927)
* Ernest Poulin, Liberal (1927–1935)
* Zénon Lesage, Action liberale nationale (1935–1936)
* Charles-Auguste Bertrand, Liberal (1936–1939)
* Paul Gauthier, Liberal (1939–1944)
* André Laurendeau, Bloc populaire canadien (1944–1948)
* Paul Provençal, Union Nationale (1948–1954)
* Arsène Gagné, Union Nationale (1955–1960)
* René Lévesque, Liberal (1960–1966)
# Paul Gauthier (theologian)

Paul Gauthier (French pronunciation:; 30 August 1914 in La Flèche – 25 December 2002 in Marseille) was a Catholic theologian and humanist, known best for his contributions to liberation theology.

## Biography

He was born in La Flèche in 1914. At some point he was a professor at a seminary in Dijon. He lived in Nazareth, Palestine, from 1956 to 1967, leaving shortly after the Six Days' War. Gauthier was invited by Georges Hakim, Archbishop of Galilee, to speak to the Second Vatican Council, where he called on the Church to take on a more active role in social justice. While in Palestine, he was part of a group called "Companions of Jesus the Carpenter", providing aid to poverty-stricken people. He died in Marseille in 2002.
One of his students was Enrique Dussel, who claimed that his time with Gauthier "opened [his] mind, [his] spirit, [his] flesh, to a project again unsuspected."
# Simon Irvine

Simon Richard Gower Irvine (born 15 April 1952) is a Swedish-English gardener and author. Irvine presented the Sveriges Radio show Sommar i P1 on 17 August 1999.
# Graystone Peak

Graystone Peak is a 13,489-foot-elevation (4,111-meter) mountain summit located in San Juan County, Colorado, United States.

## Description

Graystone Peak is situated 8.5 miles (13.7 km) south-southeast of the community of Silverton in the Weminuche Wilderness, on land managed by San Juan National Forest. It is part of the Needle Mountains which are a subrange of the San Juan Mountains. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into tributaries of the Animas River. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 4,800 feet (1,500 meters) above the river in two miles (3.2 km) and 2,890 feet (880 meters) above Tenmile Creek in 0.85 mile (1.37 km). It is set six miles west of the Continental Divide, 0.7 mile south of Electric Peak, and one mile east-southeast of Mount Garfield. These three peaks can be seen from U.S. Route 550 at Molas Lake. The mountain's toponym has been officially adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names, and was recorded in publications as early as 1906.

## Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification system, Graystone Peak is located in an alpine subarctic climate zone with very long, cold, snowy winters, and cool to warm summers. Due to its altitude, it receives precipitation all year, as snow in winter and as thunderstorms in summer, with a dry period in late spring.

## Geology

Graystone Peak is part of the Uncompahgre Formation, which is a sequence of quartzite and black phyllite some 8,200 feet (2,500 meters) in thickness. The formation dates to the Statherian period and is interpreted as metamorphosed marine and fluvial sandstone, mudstone, and shale. The formation overlies plutons with an age of 1,707 million years.

## Gallery

* Northwest aspect viewed from Molas Lake
* Electric Peak, Graystone Peak (center), Mt. Garfield (right) viewed from Molas Lake
* Electric Peak, Graystone Peak (center), Mt. Garfield (right) from Molas Lake
* Electric Peak, Graystone Peak (center), Mt. Garfield (right)
* Northeast aspect of Arrow Peak to left, Graystone Peak centered and Electric Peak to right
* Graystone Peak to the right
* Graystone Peak centered
# Charles R. Clason

Charles Russell Clason (September 3, 1890 – July 7, 1985) was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts and an attorney. Clason was born in Gardiner, Maine. He attended Bates College, and received his law degree from Georgetown University. Clason went on to Oxford University as a Rhodes Scholar.
He worked for the Interstate Commerce Commission and the United States Department of Education in 1913 and 1914. He served as a sergeant major in the Coast Artillery in the Army in World War I. He was a member of the Commission for the Relief of Belgium in 1914 and 1915 and was decorated with the King Albert Medal.
Clason was a law instructor at Northeastern University's Springfield, Massachusetts campus from 1920 to 1937. During this time, he served as assistant district attorney of the western district of Massachusetts (1922–1926) and then district attorney (1927–1930).
He was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1936, and served six consecutive terms. After he lost the 1948 election to Foster Furcolo, Clason became dean of the Western New England College School of Law, located in Springfield, Massachusetts.
In 1988, the Western New England College School of Law honored Clason by naming a speaker series in his honor. The Clason Speaker Series provided a venue for 4-5 legal experts each year to present works-in-progress on current legal topics through lectures.