OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Willis H. Stephens

Willis H. Stephens (June 7, 1925 – October 17, 2024) was an American politician who was a member of the New York State Assembly from Brewster, New York.

## Life and career

Stephens was a member of the State Assembly from 1953 to 1982, sitting in the 169th, 170th, 171st, 172nd, 173rd, 174th, 175th, 176th, 177th, 178th, 179th, 180th, 181st, 182nd, 183rd and 184th New York State Legislature. As Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means, from 1969 to 1974, Stephens was considered one of the most powerful and influential men in New York.
His father, D. Mallory Stephens, served the same constituency from 1926 to 1952 and his son, Willis H. Stephens Jr., served in the seat from 1995 to 2006.
His grandfather, Henry B. Stephens, was a two-term Sheriff of Putnam County, New York, and his great-grandfather, Daniel B. Mallory, was a member of the Connecticut State Senate.
Stephens was a lifelong resident of Brewster. He died at the Putnam Hospital Center in Carmel, New York, on October 17, 2024, at the age of 99.
# James Dolan (Irish politician)

James Nicholas Dolan (16 October 1884 – 14 July 1955) was an Irish politician and TD for County Leitrim constituencies from 1918 to 1937.
Dolan was born in Manorhamilton, County Leitrim, the son of John Dolan, merchant, and Bridget Fitzpatrick. His brother, Charles Dolan, was an Irish Parliamentary Party MP for North Leitrim from 1906 to 1908, who resigned his seat to run as the first ever Sinn Féin parliamentary candidate.
A Sinn Féin activist, and member of the Irish Republican Brotherhood, James Dolan was interned in Frongoch internment camp after the 1916 Easter Rising.
He was first elected as Sinn Féin MP at the 1918 general election for Leitrim. At the 1921 general election, he was elected unopposed as a TD for the Leitrim–Roscommon North constituency, and supported the Anglo-Irish Treaty. At the 1922 general election, he was again elected unopposed for Leitrim–Roscommon North. At the 1923 general election, he was elected for the Leitrim–Sligo constituency.
Dolan joined the government of W. T. Cosgrave as Parliamentary Secretary to the President with responsibility as Government Chief Whip in 1924. He served in that post until 1927. He served as Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Industry and Commerce from 1927 to 1932. Dolan lost his Dáil seat at the 1932 general election. He regained his seat in 1933 and became a Fine Gael TD later that year when the new party was formed. He failed to be selected for Fine Gael at the 1937 general election for the new Leitrim constituency. He contested the election as an Independent candidate, but was unsuccessful. He subsequently retired from politics.
# William J. Maier

William J. Maier (September 13, 1876 in Seneca Falls, Seneca County, New York – December 1941) was an American politician from New York. He served seven terms in the New York State Assembly, and was briefly in 1922 New York State Comptroller.

## Biography

Maier was educated at Mynderse Academy before attending Albany Law School, from which he graduated in 1900 with a LL.B. degree.
Maier subsequently spent two years in Europe before going to work at the law firm of McDonald Brothers.
He was a member of the New York State Assembly (Seneca Co.) in 1905, 1906, 1914, 1915 and 1916; and was Chairman of the Committee on Electricity, Gas and Water Supply in 1915, and Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means in 1916.
Upon his retirement from the Assembly, Maier was appointed as Deputy Fiscal Supervisor for the State of New York.
In February 1917, Maier was appointed as a Deputy to State Comptroller Eugene M. Travis, effective March 1.
Maier was later appointed Chief Deputy Comptroller by Governor-elect Nathan L. Miller on December 31, 1920.
In May 1922, Maier was promoted to New York State Comptroller by Governor Miller to fill the unexpired term of Comptroller James A. Wendell following his death. Maier lost a bid for re-election in 1922 by Democrat James W. Fleming, however.
After leaving government service, Maier was elected Chairman of the New York State Republican Committee, a role which he occupied from 1929 to 1930. He was additionally a delegate to the 1936 Republican National Convention.

## Footnotes

* 1 2 "William J. Maier," New York Red Book. Albany, NY: J.B. Lyon Company, 1906; pg. 153.
* 1 2 "Maier to Become Travis's Deputy," New York Times, February 21, 1917.
* ↑ "Both Parties Pay Tribute to Smith," New York Times, January 1, 1921, pg. 3.
* ↑ "Names Maier Controller," New York Times, May 23, 1922.

## Works

* "The State Comptroller: His Powers and Duties," in New York Red Book, Albany, NY: J.B. Lyon Company, 1922; pp. 21–23.
# Jan Sztaudynger

Jan Izydor Sztaudynger (Kraków, 28 April 1904 – 12 September 1970, Kraków) was a Polish poet and satirist who enjoyed enormous popularity after World War II.

## Life

Jan Sztaudynger studied Polish and German philology at Kraków's Jagiellonian University.
He is known for his epigrams, which in Poland are called fraszki (singular: fraszka). Sztaudynger called some of his epigrams piórka (singular: piórko).
In 1964 Sztaudynger published a poetry collection, Tranzytem przez Łódź (Transit through Łódź), in which he expressed nostalgia for that city's Fraszka cafe.
# J. Gary Pretlow

James Gary Pretlow (born August 27, 1949) is a member of the New York State Assembly representing the 89th Assembly District. First elected in 1992, Pretlow is a Democrat. Before being elected to the assembly, he served on the Mount Vernon City Council. Pretlow chairs the Assembly Committee on Racing and Wagering.
On January 17, 2023, Pretlow introduced Assembly Bill 1380 which would legalize some forms of online poker in New York by classifying them as skill-based games.
# David R. Townsend Jr.

David R. Townsend Jr. (born April 14, 1943) is an American Politician from New York.

## Biography

He was born on April 14, 1943, in Rome, Oneida County, New York. He attended SUNY Morrisville. From 1966 to 1990, he worked as a police officer for different law enforcement agencies in Oneida County.
He entered politics as a Republican, and was a member of the New York State Assembly from 1991 to 2010, sitting in the 189th, 190th, 191st, 192nd, 193rd, 194th, 195th, 196th, 197th and 198th New York State Legislatures. He represented the 115th district and later, the 101st district of the New York State Assembly.
He didn't seek re-election in 2010, instead running for Sheriff of Oneida County, but he was narrowly defeated by Democrat Robert Maciol.
Townsend was succeeded by Republican Claudia Tenney as representative of the 101st district.
# Trichochrysea hirta

Trichochrysea hirta is a species of leaf beetle found in Indonesia and Peninsular Malaysia in Southeast Asia. It has a metallic blue or green body covered with white hair, after which the species gets its scientific name: the species epithet, hirta, is derived from the Latin hirtus, meaning "hairy".

## Description

The adult of Trichochrysea hirta has a metallic blue or green body, with dense white pubescence. Its head is coarsely punctured. The basal four or five segments of the antennae are rufo-piceous beneath, the second and third sometimes entirely so, the basal segment cupreo-aureus. It measures 5.8–10.0 mm in length.

## Taxonomy

The species was first described from Sumatra as Eumolpus hirtus by Johan Christian Fabricius in his 1801 Systema eleutheratorum. The species is currently a member of the genus Trichochrysea in the subfamily Eumolpinae.
Two subspecies of Trichochrysea hirta are recognised in Volume 6 of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera:
* Trichochrysea hirta hirta (Fabricius, 1801)
* Trichochrysea hirta viridis (Jacoby, 1892)
In 1987, two different subspecies of Trichochrysea hirta were recognised: T. h. hirta and T. h. nitidissima, with T. h. viridis as a synonym of the former. These differed mainly in the colour of the upper side. In 2007, T. hirta was instead divided into two species, based on differences in the shape of the aedeagus: specimens from Indonesia and Peninsular Malaysia (which have an aedeagus with an acute triangular apex) were considered true T. hirta, while those from mainland Asia (which have a broad aedeagus with truncated apex, with a small central tip) were now considered a separate species with the name Trichochrysea nitidissima. The taxonomic position of the subspecies T. h. viridis is not clear, as its aedeagus was not studied: it is sometimes instead recognised as a separate species (Trichochrysea viridis), but it is possibly a synonym of T. hirta.

## Distribution

Trichochrysea hirta is recorded from Malacca, Sumatra, Bali, Lombok, Java, Nias, and Sulawesi.
# Yitzhak Artzi

Yitzhak Artzi (Hebrew: יצחק ארצי, 14 November 1920 – 17 September 2003) was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset between 1984 and 1988.

## Biography

Born Izo Hertzig in Siret, Romania into a Hassidic family, Artzi was educated at high schools in his hometown and Cernăuți, before attending the Jewish College in Bucharest. A leading activist in the HaNoar HaTzioni youth movement, he was amongst the leadership of the Zionist underground in Romania during World War II, helping to rescue children from transit camps, as well as organising illegal immigration to Palestine and helping in the Cyprus internment camps.
He made aliyah to Mandate Palestine himself in 1946, and studied law and economics at Tel Aviv University, gaining certification as a lawyer. Between 1947 and 1950 he was a member of the Alonei Abba moshav. Whilst living there he had the first of his two children, Shlomo (b. 1949), a musician; his daughter, Nava (1954–2017), a writer, was born in Jaffa. He also worked as an information and public relations officer for the State Income Administration.
Having joined the Progressive Party, he served as its secretary general from 1959 until 1961 and was deputy editor of its Zmanim newspaper, where he headed its editorial board. When the party merged into the Liberal Party, he served as its secretary general until 1965, when most former Progressive Party members left to establish the Independent Liberals, which he served as secretary general of for a year. From 1966 until 1969 he headed the Youth Aliyah department of the Jewish Agency for Israel, of which he was also a member of the board of directors.
From 1974 until 1979 Artzi was vice mayor of Tel Aviv. He was a candidate in the 1978 Tel Aviv mayoral election, but finished last of four candidates with 3.83% of the vote. He subsequently served as deputy mayor between 1979 and 1983. He was elected to the Knesset in 1984 on the Alignment list (the Independent Liberals had merged into it after losing their last seat in the 1981 elections). On 15 March 1988 he left the Alignment to join Shinui. However, he lost his seat in the elections later that year. He ran for the Tel Aviv mayoralty again in the 1989 municipal elections, but finished sixth with 3.5% of the vote.
He died in 2003 at the age of 82.
# Harvey Weisenberg

Harvey Weisenberg (born December 31, 1933) is an American politician from New York.

## Biography

Weisenberg was born on December 31, 1933, and has been a lifelong resident of Long Beach, New York. He graduated from Long Beach High School in 1952. After attending Niagara University on a basketball scholarship, he earned a Bachelor of Science degree from New York University in 1958. He holds a Master of Science degree from Hofstra University (1962), along with a professional diploma in administration from the Long Island University C.W. Post Campus (1981). He served as a police officer for the City of Long Beach, then spent over 20 years (1967–1989) working for the East Meadow School District, starting as a teacher and eventually becoming an administrator. He and his wife Ellen have five children.
Weisenberg also entered politics as a Democrat, and was a member of the Long Beach City Council. He was President of the Long Beach City Council in 1977 and 1980.
On February 14, 1989, he was elected to the State Assembly, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Arthur J. Kremer. He was re-elected many times, and remained in the Assembly until 2014, sitting in the 188th, 189th, 190th, 191st, 192nd, 193rd, 194th, 195th, 196th, 197th, 198th, 199th and 200th New York State Legislatures. He represented the 20th assembly district which comprised Atlantic Beach, Long Beach, Lido Beach, Island Park, Oceanside, East Rockaway, the Five Towns, and parts of Lynbrook and Rockville Centre. He rose to the position of Assistant Speaker Pro Tempore. In 2007, he sponsored Jonathan's Law. Weisenberg announced on April 28, 2014, that he would not seek re-election.
# Photographic archive Gerola

45°25′58″N 12°19′48″E﻿ / ﻿45.43277°N 12.32994°E﻿ / 45.43277; 12.32994
Photographic archive Gerola is preserved by the Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti at Palazzo Loredan in Venice.

## Archive history

It is known that the European powers occupied Crete at the beginning of 1897, declaring its autonomy from the Ottoman Empire. In consideration of the ambiguous situation that had come about on the big Mediterranean island and the rapid deterioration of its historical monuments (threatened by theft and reckless demolitions), in 1898 the Italian Ministry of Education decided to send an archaeological mission to Crete, directed by Federico Halbherr. A member and future president of the Royal Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, Carlo Francesco Ferraris, suggested to the members that they finance the sending of a delegate to Crete who could support the Italian mission with the specific task of exploring and illustrating the monuments that can still be found there of Venetian rule, which extended from 1204 to 1669.
In 1899 Giuseppe Gerola, on the recommendation of Halbherr (also originally from Rovereto), was appointed by the Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti to carry out a study campaign in Crete aimed at recording the monumental and artistic signs of Venetian rule there. The idea was to reproducing the numerous monuments of Venetian rule on the island partly with plaster casts and partly with photographs . Gerola arrived in Crete on 18 January 1900.
During two and a half years in Crete, (1900 - 1902), Gerola collected a vast quantity of material, then published over almost 30 years (between 1905 and 1932) in four monumental volumes, which in 1933 won him the Mussolini Prize, awarded by the Royal Academy of Italy.

## Documentation produced

Gerola wrote five reports for the Istituto, made more than 50 plaster casts (most of which are in storage at the Museo Storico Navale), took 1500 photographs, whose negatives are held at the Istituto Veneto, and made a large number of sketches, drawings and notes.
The collection consists of:
* 1642 photographic plates
* 1642 negatives
* 1642 photographic reproductions
* 1000 original photographs
* 291 flimsy papers
* 102 blotting papers
* 52 plaster casts
# Lymphocyte antigen 96

Lymphocyte antigen 96, also known as "Myeloid Differentiation factor 2 (MD-2)," is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LY96 gene.
The protein encoded by this gene is involved in binding lipopolysaccharide with Toll-Like Receptor (TLR4).

## Function

The MD-2 protein appears to associate with toll-like receptor 4 on the cell surface and confers responsiveness to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), thus providing a link between the receptor and LPS signaling. That is, the primary interface between TLR4 and MD-2 is formed before binding LPS and the dimerization interface is induced by binding LPS.

## Structure

MD-2 has a β-cup fold structure composed of two anti-parallel β sheets forming a large hydrophobic pocket for ligand binding.

## Interactions

Lymphocyte antigen 96 has been shown to interact with TLR 4.
When LPS binds to a hydrophobic pocket in MD-2, it directly mediates dimerization of the two TLR4-MD-2 complexes. Thus, TLR4 and MD-2 form a heterodimer that recognizes a common pattern in structurally diverse LPS molecules. These interactions allow TLR4 to recognize LPS. Macrophages in MD-2 knockout mice are unresponsive to LPS.
LPS is extracted from the bacterial membrane and transferred to TLR4-MD-2 by two accessory proteins, LPS-binding protein and CD14, to induce innate immune response.
# Joel M. Miller

Joel M. Miller (born 1943) is an American retired politician and dentist by profession from New York State. He represented District 102 in the New York State Assembly, which comprised Hyde Park, Fishkill, the town of Poughkeepsie, Clinton, Wappinger and La Grange within Dutchess County, New York. He is a Republican.
Miller holds a B.S. from the City College of New York, as well as a D.D.S. from Columbia University's School of Dental and Oral Surgery. He served in the United States Air Force on active duty from 1967 to 1969, remaining in the Air Force Reserve as a captain until approximately 1977. He was also a major in the New York State Guard.
After returning to New York in 1969, Miller established a dental practice in Poughkeepsie, which he maintained for three decades. He served as a member of the executive committee of the Duchess County Dental Society for 26 years. He served as treasurer of the same organization for five years and was its president for two years. He was once the president of the Mid-Hudson Dental Management and Marketing Corporation and remains a member of its executive committee.
# Pick Me Up

Pick Me Up may refer to:
* Hair of the dog (that bit you), hangover remedy
* "Pick Me Up" (Masters of Horror), the eleventh episode of the first season of Masters of Horror
* Pick Me Up! (magazine), a British women's magazine
* Pick Me Up (album), an album by Brett Kissel
* Pick Me Up (book), a book by Dorling Kindersley published in 2006
* "Pick Me Up", a song by Emilia de Poret
* "Pick Me Up", a song by Perfume
* "Pick Me Up", a song from Brett Kissel from Pick Me Up
# John L. Sampson

John L. Sampson (born June 17, 1965) is an American former politician and convicted felon. A Democrat, Sampson represented District 19 in the New York State Senate from 1997 to 2015. He is of Guyanese heritage. Sampson became Senate Democratic Leader in June 2009 and served as Senate Minority Leader from January 2011 to December 2012. Sampson forfeited his Senate seat when he was convicted of federal felony charges on July 24, 2015. On January 18, 2017, he was sentenced to five years in prison.

## Education and early legal career

Sampson earned his B.A. in Political Science from Brooklyn College and a J.D. from Albany Law School (class of 1991). He was a member of the Board of Trustees of Albany Law School.
Sampson worked for the Department of Environmental Conservation and as a Staff Attorney to the Legal Aid Society of New York.
Starting in 1994, he worked as an attorney for the law firm of Alter and Barbaro, Esqs.

## Political career

Elected in 1996 to the New York State Senate, Sampson served in the Senate from 1997 to July 2015. He served as chairman of the Senate Ethics Committee and the Senate Administrative Regulations Review Commission, and was the first African-American to serve as chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee. Sampson represented Senate District 19 in Brooklyn.
In 2005, Sampson made an unsuccessful bid to become District Attorney of Kings County, New York, opposing the incumbent, Charles "Joe" Hynes.
On June 15, 2009, Sampson was elevated to the leadership of the Democratic Conference of the State Senate. As conference chairman, he was responsible for the day-to-day operations and the legislative agenda of the Democratic caucus. He served in leadership alongside former Majority Leader and Temporary Senate President Malcolm Smith. On December 17, 2012, Sampson was ousted from his leadership post when Democrats elected Andrea Stewart-Cousins as Senate Democratic Leader.

### Criminal charges and conviction

On May 6, 2013, Sampson was indicted by a federal grand jury for embezzlement, obstruction of justice, and making false statements to the Federal Bureau of Investigation stemming from alleged theft of $400,000 from the sale of foreclosed homes, to which he pleaded not guilty. On the same day, Sampson was stripped of his committee assignments and ranking positions and removed from the Senate Democratic Conference. Despite the indictment, Sampson won re-election in 2014.
On July 24, 2015, Sampson was convicted of one count of obstruction of justice and two counts of making false statements to federal agents, which are felonies, and was automatically expelled from the Senate. On March 10, 2016, the Appellate Division of the New York Supreme Court suspended Sampson from the practice of law.
Sampson filed an appeal based on a 2016 United States Supreme Court decision that overturned the conviction of former Virginia Governor Bob McDonnell. On January 18, 2017, Sampson was sentenced to five years in prison. He was released on parole in August 2021.
# William Townsend (Oneida County, New York)

William Townsend (August 22, 1848 in Walton, Delaware County, New York – December 23, 1919 in Utica, Oneida County, New York) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.

## Life

He was the son of John Townsend (1803–1870) and Sarah (Howell) Townsend (1821–1904). He attended Walton Academy; and graduated from Yale College in 1871. Then he studied law with Charles Mason, was admitted to the bar in 1876, and practiced in Utica.
He was Assistant District Attorney of Oneida county from 1876 to 1878; and a member of the New York State Assembly (Oneida Co., 1st D.) in 1883.
Townsend was again Assistant D.A. of Oneida County from 1897 to 1902; and was a member of the New York State Senate (34th D.) in 1903 and 1904.
He was Corporation Counsel of Utica from 1910 to 1911.
He died on December 23, 1919, at his home at 12 Park Place in Utica, after "he had been ill for some little time"; and was buried at the Walton Cemetery in Walton.

## Sources

* Official New York from Cleveland to Hughes by Charles Elliott Fitch (Hurd Publishing Co., New York and Buffalo, 1911, Vol. IV; pg. 316 and 365)
* Biographical sketches of the members of the Legislature in The Evening Journal Almanac (1883)
* The New York Red Book by Edgar L. Murlin (1903; pg. 99)
# Borcz-Leśniczówka

Borcz-Leśniczówka (Polish pronunciation:) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Somonino, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) east of Somonino, 10 km (6 mi) south-east of Kartuzy, and 26 km (16 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# You Can't Stop the Yanks (Till They Go Right Thru)

"You Can't Stop the Yanks (Till They Go Right Thru)", also written as "You Can't Stop the Yanks Till They Go Right Thru Berlin" is a World War I era song released in 1918. Lyrics and music were written by Jack Caddigan and Chick Story, and it was published by Lang Music Publishing Co. of Boston. It was written for both voice and piano, and dedicated to the American Army and Navy. On the cover are soldiers with their weapons drawn standing in France. Across the Rhine River in Berlin, Germany, are presumably depictions of the three German leaders: Paul von Hindenburg, Kaiser Wilhelm II, and Erich Ludendorff. All three look surprised and angry as they size up the American troops nearing Germany.
The song's lyrics state that Germans should be afraid of the American troops. The Yankees intend to "[stop] the slaughter over the water" because "there's the dickens to pay." Throughout the song, Kaiser Wilhelm II is portrayed in a negative light. For example, "They'll kick the bottom out of Willie's pants," and "and that baby killing sinner Will stand up to eat his dinner."
The sheet music can be found at the Library of Congress and Pritzker Military Museum & Library.