OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Steven Pierce

Steven D. Pierce (born October 10, 1949) is a retired Massachusetts jurist and politician who most recently served as chief justice of the Massachusetts Housing Court. He retired from the Housing Court September 2015.
A graduate of Union College and the Duke University School of Law, Pierce worked as an attorney before being elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1978. He was the House Minority Whip (1983–1987) and the House Minority Leader (1987-1991).
Pierce sought the Republican nomination for Governor in 1990. Pierce was considered the favorite to win the nomination. He won the vote at the State Convention and led his opponent William Weld in opinion polls by as much as 25%. However, on September 18, he lost the Republican Primary to Weld 61%-39%. Weld later appointed Pierce to the position of Secretary of Communities and Development.
In 1991, Pierce ran in a special election for the Massachusetts's 1st congressional seat. He won the Republican nomination, but lost in the general election to Democrat John Olver.
Pierce rejoined the Weld administration in 1993 as a senior adviser to the governor. In 1994, he was appointed Executive Director of the Massachusetts Housing Finance Agency (later known as MassHousing). He left MassHousing in 2001 to serve as chief legal counsel to acting governor Jane M. Swift.
Shortly before her term expired, Swift nominated Pierce to be the chief justice of the Massachusetts Housing Court. He was confirmed by the Massachusetts Governor's Council 6-2.
# At the Edge of the City

At the Edge of the City (Italian: Ai margini della metropoli) is a 1953 Italian crime film drama directed by Carlo Lizzani. The film stars Massimo Girotti, Marina Berti and Giulietta Masina. In Rome a young man is falsely accused of killing his girlfriend. It was shot at the Palatino Studios in Rome and on location in the city. The film used neorealist style and was based on a real-life case.

## Plot

Mario Ilari, a young unemployed worker, is unjustly accused of killing a girl he knows of him. Once arrested, he manages to escape and hide in the house of his partner Gina, but ends up in prison again. The lawyer Roberto Marini agrees to take his defense after being contacted by Luisa, a friend of Gina, convinced that the trial will give him the opportunity to assert himself. The situation, however, is complicated by the fact that Calì, a homeless man, says he saw Ilari at the scene of the crime. Ilari confesses that he met Greta through a female friend, who should have facilitated his expatriation. When the lawyer Marini accuses Calì of perjury, he kills himself. The situation is resolved when the body of Greta is found, killed by the real culprit after being kidnapped. Ilari is freed and Marini and Luisa confess their mutual love.

## Cast

* Massimo Girotti as Avv. Roberto Martini
* Marina Berti as Luisa
* Giulietta Masina as Gina Ilari
* Michel Jourdan as Mario Ilari
* Lucien Gallas as P.C.
* Rossana Martini as Elena
* Adriana Sivieri as Greta
* Patrizia Lari as Betty
* Paola Borboni as Madre di Luisa
* Giulio Calì as Calì
* Amilcare Fabrizio as Fabrizio
* Antonio Nicotra
* Benedetta Rutili
* Cesare Fantoni
* Carlo d'Elia
* Giuliano Montaldo
* Andrea Petricca
* Franco Caruso
* Bruno Berellini
* Maria Laura Rocca
# Richard D. Davis

Richard David Davis (1799 – June 17, 1871) was an American lawyer and politician who served two terms as a U.S. Representative from New York from 1841 to 1845.

## Biography

Born at Stillwater, New York, Davis graduated from Yale College in 1818. He studied law. He was admitted to the bar in 1821 and commenced practice in Poughkeepsie.

### Tenure in Congress

Davis was elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-seventh and Twenty-eighth Congresses (March 4, 1841 – March 4, 1845). He served as chairman of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims (Twenty-eighth Congress). He was not a candidate for renomination in 1844. Withdrew from political and professional life.

### Later career and death

He engaged in agricultural pursuits in Waterford, New York, where he died on June 17, 1871. He was interred in Waterford Rural Cemetery.
# Phori Phetlhe

Phori Angeline Phetlhe is a South African politician who served as a Member of the National Assembly of South Africa from March 2023 until May 2024.
A member of the African National Congress, Phetlhe unsuccessfully stood for the South African National Assembly in the 2019 general election as a candidate on the party's national list.
Phetlhe was sworn in as a Member of the National Assembly on 15 March 2023. She was ranked too low to secure reelection in the 2024 general election and left parliament.
# Basketball at the 1970 Summer Universiade

The Basketball competitions in the 1970 Summer Universiade were held in Torino, Italy.

## Men's competition
### Final Standings

* Soviet Union
* United States
* Cuba
* Yugoslavia
* Italy
* Bulgaria
* Brazil
* South Korea

#### Rosters

1. Soviet Union:
* Aleksandar Belov
* Sergey Belov
* Aleksandar Boloshev
* Ivan Edeshko
* Valeriy Fedorov
* Leonid Ivanov
* Evgueniy Kovanko
* Anatoli Krikun
* Modestas Paulauskas
* Pritt Tomson
* Aleksandar Bolsakov
* Alzhan Zarmuhamedov
2. United States:
* Jim McDaniels
* George McGinnis
* John Mengelt
* Ken Davis
* Cliff Meely
* Bob Ford
* Jim Cleamons
* Jake Jones
* Tom Parker
* Dave Smith
* Dave Robisch
* Dana Lewis
3. Cuba:
* Jose Miguel Alvarez
* Miguel Calderon
* Rafael Canizares
* Pedro Chappe
* Juan Domecq
* Ruperto Herrera
* Tomas Herrera
* Alejandro Ortiz
* Conrado Perez
* Franklin Standard
* Oscar Varona
* Alejandro Urgelles
4. Yugoslavia:
* Karati
* Simonovic
* Jrlovac
* Knezevic
* Biziak
* Kapicic
* Kotarac
* Rukavina
* Solman
* Georgijevski
* Cermack
5. Italy:
* Giomo
* De Rossi
* Bisson
* Cosmelli
* Zanatta
* Meneghin
* Ossola
* Viola
* Farina
* Quercia
* Bovone
* Coen
6. Bulgaria:
* N. Todorov
* E. Filipov
* Sachenikov
* Atanasov
* Doikov
* Yankov
* Atanas Golomeev
* Barzakov
* Boycho Branzov
* Raichev
* Petko Marinov
7. Brazil:
* Pereira
* Pedrigno
* Corre
* Scarpini
* Garcia
* Nello
* Ranieri
* Abdala
* Chebel
* Sebba
* Ludolf
* Dietrich
8. South Korea:
* Shin Dong Pa
* Hi Hyung
* Ja Young
* Hqz Jack
* Dong Won
* Sung Hwan
* Dong Yang
* Kwang Joon
* Kankho Suk
* Kyung Denk
* Jai Hwan
* Kil Ho

## Women's competition
### Final standings

* Soviet Union
* Czechoslovakia
* Cuba
* Bulgaria
* Romania
* Cuba
# John H. Boyd (politician)

John Huggins Boyd (July 31, 1799 – July 2, 1868) was an American politician and a U.S. Representative from New York. He was the last member of the Whig Party to represent New York's 14th District.

## Biography

Born in Salem, New York, Boyd attended the common schools and was graduated from Washington Academy, Salem, New York, in 1818. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1823.

## Career

Boyd commenced practice in Salem, New York, but shortly afterward moved to Whitehall, New York. He was elected Justice of the Peace in 1828 and served for many years, and also served as member of the New York State Assembly in 1840. He was Supervisor of Whitehall in 1845, 1848, and 1849.
Elected as a Whig to the Thirty-second Congress Boyd was United States Representative for the fourteenth district of New York from March 4, 1851, to March 3, 1853. He served as special surrogate of Washington County from 1857 to 1859. He was elected president of the village of Whitehall, Washington County, New York. He resumed the practice of law.

## Death

Boyd died in Whitehall, Washington County, New York, on July 2, 1868 (age 68 years, 337 days). He is interred at Evergreen Cemetery, Salem, New York.
# Sloppiness space

In graphonomics, sloppiness space is a term introduced by David Goldberg and Cate Richardson of Xerox to describe the shape space of all graph (handwriting) around an idealized allograph. Sloppiness space can be so large that optical character recognition becomes difficult due to overlap with shapes for non-intended characters.

## Definition

Goldberg and Richardson's system is related to unistrokes, or one-stroke forms, for handwritten characters. They write that a unistroke letter that is described by d features can be thought of as representing a point in a d-dimensional space. Two characters are well-separated in "sloppiness space" when the variation caused by writing a letter more quickly only results in small changes in the position in that d—dimensional space.
Subsequent researchers have further explored the concept using autoregressive models.

## Xerox case

The concept of sloppiness space was discussed in a 1997 lawsuit in which Xerox sued 3Com, alleging that 3Com's "Graffiti" technology to interpret handwriting text, used in their PalmPilot devices, infringed upon a patent by Xerox of technology to do the same. The court ruled that the concept, as defined, was ambiguous.
# Andrzej Strejlau

Andrzej Michał Strejlau (born 19 February 1940) is a Polish former professional football manager and player.
From 1989 to 1993 he was the manager of Poland national football team. He also coached many teams from different parts of the world, such as China, Iceland and Greece.
He has coached Poland U23, Legia Warsaw, Zagłębie Sosnowiec, Knattspyrnufélagið Fram, Larissa, and Zagłębie Lubin.

## Honours

Larissa
* Greek Cup: 1984–85
Legia Warsaw
* Polish Cup: 1988–89
* Polish Super Cup: 1989
# William Connell (Australian politician)

William John Connell (21 January 1891 – 14 April 1945) was an Australian politician.
He was born in Launceston. In January 1919 he was elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly as a Nationalist member for Wilmot in a recount following Edward Mulcahy's resignation. He was defeated at the state election held in May 1919. Connell died in St Leonards in 1945.
# SC Croat San Pedro

SC Croat San Pedro is a Croatian immigrant community football club from San Pedro, United States.

## History

The club was founded in 1967 on the proposal of Božo and Ivo Deranja, with the assistance of the Croatian-American Club of San Pedro. The first president of the club was the late Ante Huljev, the first secretary was Ivica Viličić, the first coach was Ivo Deranja, and the first director was Božo Deranja.
The notable individuals from the early days include Josip Mardešić, Ivo Labar, Milan Dominis, the late Vinko Mardešić, Tom Nell, Vlatko Kolega, Tony Blazević, Mirko Murat, Josip Murat, Vinko Marić, Ivo Knežević, Ivan Živković, Vlado Lonza, Vlado Huljev, and many other Croatians from San Pedro who provided moral and material support to their footballers.

## Achievements

* In 1968/1969, the club won first place in the II. League of Los Angeles, with Božo Deranja, Tom Nell, Ivo Labar, and Tony Blažević leading the team.
* From 1970 to 1973, the club achieved one first and two second places in the I. League of Los Angeles. The team was led by Toni Marciolli, Tony Blažević, Miljenko Gotovac, and Valentino Hrboka.
* In 1975, the club won first place without a defeat under the guidance of Valentino Hrboka and Miljenko Gotovac.
* In 1983, Stanko Bilaver became the coach, and since then, the club has achieved its greatest successes in its 40-year history.
** Budweiser Cup: 1986, 1987
** GLASL Champions: 1988, 1989, 1990
** Winners of the California Cup: 1988, 1989, 1990
** Golden West League Champions: 1991, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1998
** Los Angeles Municipal League Champions: 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006
*** On May 20, 2007, they defeated Los Angeles Soccer Club 3-1 in the final match, becoming champions of the Los Angeles Municipal League for the eighth consecutive time.
* NK Croat is one of the founding clubs of the Croatian Football Tournament for California and the West Coast of America. It is the only club to have participated in all tournaments, reaching the final 26 times and winning the tournament 12 times.

## Participation in Croatia

SC Croat San Pedro participated in the First World Croatian Emigrant Football Tournament in 2007, the and the Croatian World Club Championship in 2011.
# Mediterranean long-eared bat

The Mediterranean long-eared bat (Plecotus kolombatovici), also known as Kolombatovic's long-eared bat or the Balkan long-eared bat, is a species of vesper bat ranging from Italy east through the Balkans east to Syria, and south to Jordan.

## Taxonomy

The species was described by Dulić in 1980, following the identification of small bats from the Plecotus genus in Croatia. However, until 2010, the qualification of P.kolombatovici as species was subject to doubt. Specimens of Plecotus sp. were analysed in North Africa, the Canary Islands, and Asia over a period of years, and it was proposed that all the specimens were subspecies of the same species, Plecotus teneriffae. However, the most recent studies confirm the status of species for P. kolombatovici. As several species of Plecotus can be leaving in sympatry in a same region, a clear identification of specimen can be very difficult.

## Distribution

So far, P. kolombatovici has been recorded in Albania, Croatia and Greece, as well as Italy and parts of the Middle East.
This species is often found in the islands of the Adriatic sea, but also inland with a recorded presence in most of Greece. In Albania, many specimens were found in former bunkers on the Sazan Island.
# James M. Humphrey

James Morgan Humphrey (September 21, 1819 – February 9, 1899) was an American lawyer and politician who served two terms as a U.S. Representative from New York from 1865 to 1869.

## Early life and education

Born in Holland, New York, Humphrey attended the common schools. Then he studied law, was admitted to the New York bar in 1847, and commenced practice in East Aurora.

## Political career

He was District Attorney of Erie County from January 1, 1857, to December 31, 1859, and a member of the New York State Senate (31st d.) in 1864 and 1865.

### Congress

Humphrey was elected as a Democrat to the 39th and 40th congresses, holding office from March 4, 1865, to March 3, 1869.

## Later career and death

He was appointed to the Superior court of Buffalo, New York, in 1871 and served until January 1, 1873. Afterwards he resumed the practice of law until 1894, when he retired.
He died in Buffalo, New York, on February 9, 1899, and was buried at the Forest Lawn Cemetery.

## Sources

* United States Congress. "James M. Humphrey (id: H000955)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
# Henry Crocheron

Henry Crocheron (December 26, 1772 – November 8, 1819) was a U.S. Representative from New York, brother of Jacob Crocheron.
Born on Staten Island, Richmond County, New York, Crocheron attended the common schools. He engaged in mercantile pursuits in Northfield. He was the Supervisor of Northfield from 1808 to 1814.
Crocheron was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Fourteenth Congress (March 4, 1815 – March 4, 1817). He served as captain of militia in 1818. He died in New Springville neighborhood of Staten Island on November 8, 1819. He was interred in St. Andrew's Churchyard, Richmond County, Staten Island, New York.
# Henry C. Brewster

Henry Colvin Brewster (September 7, 1845 – January 29, 1928) was an American politician and a U.S. Representative from New York.

## Early life

Born in Rochester, New York, Brewster was the son of Simon Latham and Editha Chloe Colvin Brewster. He attended the public schools, and married Alice Elizabeth Chapin on October 5, 1876.

## Career

A clerk in the Traders' National Bank in 1863, Brewster was employed as cashier from 1868 to 1894, then president from 1907 to 1917, and chairman of the board from 1917 to 1923.
Brewster served as vice president of the New York State League of Republican Clubs; president of the Monroe County League; and as president of the Rochester Chamber of Commerce in 1893 and 1902. He was one of the organizers of the New York State Bankers' Association, and served as vice president in 1894 and president in 1899.
Elected as a Republican to the Fifty-fourth and Fifty-fifth Congresses, Brewster was United States Representative for the thirty-first district of New York from March 4, 1895 to March 3, 1899. He served as chairman of the Committee on Alcoholic Liquor Traffic during the Fifty-fifth Congress. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1898.
Brewster was vice president of the National League of Republican Clubs in 1897, then resumed banking and other business activities. He served as delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1900, and retired in 1923.
When the Consolidated National Bank of New York was organized on July 1, 1902, the fourteen directors included individuals such as Brewster, John W. Griggs, George Crocker, Mortimer H. Wagar, and Perry Belmont.

## Death

Died in Canandaigua, New York, on January 29, 1928 (age 82 years, 144 days). He was interred in Mount Hope Cemetery, Rochester, New York.
# George Townsend (politician)

George Townsend (December 21, 1768 – August 17, 1844) was a U.S. Representative from New York.

## Early life

Townsend was born on December 21, 1768 in Lattingtown, township of Oyster Bay in what was then the Province of New York, a part of British America. He was the first son of Prior Townsend (1749–1803) and Sarah (née Feake) Townsend (1750–1833). Among his siblings was Jacob Townsend, Hannah Townsend, Deborah Townsend and Hannah Townsend.

## Career

Townsend engaged in agricultural pursuits.
Townsend was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Congresses, serving from March 4, 1815 to March 3, 1819.

## Personal life

Townsend was married to Deborah Cock (1776–1854), a daughter of Daniel Cock and Rosanna (née Townsend) Cock. Together, they were the parents of two boys:
* James Cock Townsend (1797–1882), a physician who married Anne S. Valentine, daughter of Hon. Richard Valentine. After Anne's death in 1836, he married Margaret Elizabeth Townsend (1809–1879), a daughter of William Townsend, in 1838.
* George Prior Townsend (1815–1854), who married Anna Frost in 1838, a daughter of Jervis Frost. After George's death, his widow married John W. Somarindyck.
He died in Lattingtown, township of Oyster Bay, New York, August 17, 1844.

### Descendants

Through his son James, he was a grandfather of Julia M. Townsend (1842–1896), who married George Faile Valentine (1844–1891).
# Esbon Blackmar

Esbon Blackmar (June 19, 1805 – November 19, 1857) was an American politician and a Whig Party U.S. Representative from New York.

## Biography

Born in Freehold, New York, Blackmar was the son of Abel and Polly Trowbridge Blackmar. He attended local schools, and moved to Wayne County, New York in 1826, living first in Arcadia, New York and later in Newark, New York. He married Arabella Reed and they had two children, Jane Augusta, and Frank.

## Career

Blackmar was a merchant and farmer in partnership with his brother, and their endeavors included buying and selling grain and produce, boat building, and shipping grain and other commodities on the Erie Canal. He was active in the New York Militia, serving as Quartermaster of the 5th Horse Artillery Regiment, and later holding the position of regimental Lieutenant Colonel and second-in-command.
From 1834 to 1835 Blackmar served as Newark's Town Supervisor. Blackmar was a member of the New York State Assembly (Wayne County) in 1838 and 1841.
His business expanded to include shipping produce to Michigan, Iowa and Illinois. In 1844 he donated the land for the original campus of Hillsdale College in Michigan. He also served as Treasurer and a member of the board of directors of the Sodus Point and Southern Railroad.
Elected as a Whig to the 30th United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of John M. Holley, Blackmar held the office of United States Representative for the 27th district of New York from December 4, 1848, to March 4, 1849. Afterwards he resumed his former business activities in Newark. Blackmar served again as Town Supervisor from 1852 to 1853.

## Death

Blackmar died by drowning in a well at his home in Newark on November 19, 1857 (age 52 years, 153 days). According to published accounts, his business failed in the Panic of 1857, and he was in debt for more than $150,000 (about $3.7 million in 2014). He is interred at Willow Avenue Cemetery in Newark.
# Manketsi Tlhape

Manketsi Mamoabi Emily Tlhape is a South African politician who served as an African National Congress (ANC) Member of the National Assembly of South Africa from 2019 until 2024.

## Political career

Tlhape had served as a Member of the Executive Council (MEC) in the North West provincial government. In December 2018, she was fired as an MEC by premier Job Mokgoro over reports that she stole cattle meant for emerging farmers.
Tlhape was elected to the National Assembly from the ANC's national list in the 2019 general election. Tlhape stood for reelection in 2024 but was ranked too low on the ANC's list.
# Elias B. Holmes

Elias Bellows Holmes (May 22, 1807 – July 31, 1866) was a U.S. Representative from New York.
Born in Fletcher, Vermont, Holmes attended the district schools and the academy in St. Albans, Vermont. He taught school. He studied law at Pittsford, New York. He was admitted to the bar in 1830. He moved to Brockport, New York, in 1831 and commenced the practice of law. He engaged in agricultural pursuits and transportation. He engaged in running canal packets between Rochester and Buffalo in 1840–1855. He was one of the promoters and constructors of the Rochester and Niagara Falls Railroad and a director until it merged with the New York Central Railroad.
Holmes was elected as a Whig to the Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth Congresses (March 4, 1845 – March 3, 1849). He was not a candidate for renomination. He resumed agricultural pursuits. He died in Brockport, New York, July 31, 1866. He was interred in City Cemetery.

## Sources

* United States Congress. "Elias B. Holmes (id: H000736)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
U.S. House of Representatives :
| Preceded byThomas J. Paterson | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 28th congressional district 1845–1849 | Succeeded byAbraham M. Schermerhorn |
This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
# Alf Lees

Robert Alfred Lees (born 25 October 1952) is a South African politician who has been a Member of Parliament (MP) for the Democratic Alliance (DA).

## Career

He was a member of the Shadow Cabinet of Mmusi Maimane. He sits on the Standing Committee on Public Accounts.
# George Michalakis

George Michalakis (born 6 January 1988) is a South African attorney of the High Court and politician who served as a Member of Parliament in the National Council of Provinces for the Free State from 2014 to 2024 and currently serves as a Member of the National Assembly of South Africa. He is a party member of the Democratic Alliance. He previously served as a Councillor for the Lejweleputswa District Municipality from 2011-2014.

## Life and career

Michalakis was born in the Free State town of Winburg in January 1988. He completed his matric year at the Winburg High School in 2006 and went on to study an LLB and BA Honours in French at the University of the Free State.
Michalakis drafted the DA's constitutional amendment to introduce a Cyber Commissioner as a Chapter 9 Institution, which was introduced into the National Assembly by Advocate Glynnis Breytenbach in 2023.
He is currently the African representative on the board of the World Hellenic Inter-Parliamentary Association and previously served in this capacity from 2015-2017.