OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Notre-Dame-de-Lorette station

Notre-Dame-de-Lorette (French pronunciation:) is a station on Line 12 of the Paris Métro in the 9th arrondissement.
The station opened on 5 November 1910 as part of the original section of the Nord-Sud company's line A between Porte de Versailles and Notre-Dame-de-Lorette. It was the northern terminus of the line until its extension to Pigalle on 8 April 1911. On 27 March 1931 line A became line 12 of the Métro. The station is named after the nearby church Notre-Dame-de-Lorette. The name of the church refers to the Italian city of Loreto and its Chiesa della Casa Santa (Church of the Holy House), a centre of Marianism.
The station is located within a short walking distance from Le Peletier station on line 7, but no free transfer is permitted.

## Incidents

On 30 August 2000 at 13:21, the head car of an MF 67 overturned in the tunnel on its southbound approach from Saint-Georges. Only the front carriage derailed, however it remained attached to the following carriages. After overturning, the derailed carriage slid on its side for 134 metres before crashing into the bulkhead of the northbound platform at Notre-Dame-de-Lorette. Twenty-four people were injured in the incident.

## Station layout

* Street Level
| B1 | Mezzanine |
| Line 12 platforms | Side platform, doors will open on the right | Side platform, doors will open on the right |
| Line 12 platforms | Southbound | ← toward Mairie d'Issy (Trinité – d'Estienne d'Orves) |
| Line 12 platforms | Northbound | → toward Mairie d'Aubervilliers (Saint-Georges) → |
| Side platform, doors will open on the right ||
# Primerdesign

Primerdesign is a UK-based biotechnology company that designs and sells products for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).

## History

Primerdesign was founded in 2005 by Dr Jim Wicks, Dr Rob Powell and Professor Tom Brown within the University of Southampton to focus on PCR and DNA chemistry. The company has grown since then and its products have been used in over 100 countries. The company has a portfolio of over 400 qPCR detection kits and over 9000 research targets.

## Swine flu detection kit

During the swine flu pandemic in 2009, Primerdesign developed the world's first swine flu detection kit. The kit, which was designed within a fortnight, was designed to give results within two hours. The first shipment of rapid result tests was dispatched to Mexico in April 2009 and is now being used in more than 30 countries.

## Horse meat scandal

The company responded to the 2013 meat adulteration scandal by being able to provide qPCR kits to quantitatively measure for horse meat in food. Their kits were used throughout Ireland as well as the UK.

## Coronavirus

In January 2020 the company launched a molecular test for SARS-CoV-2. The test was approved as eligible for procurement under the World Health Organization's (WHO) Emergency Use Listing process in April 2020, meaning that the test can be supplied by the United Nations and other procurement agencies supporting the COVID-19 response. In the same month Novacyt announced a collaboration with AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline and the University of Cambridge to support the UK in its COVID-19 national screening programme at a new testing laboratory at the university's Anne McLaren laboratory.

## Products

Among their product ranges are lines for:
* Pathogen detection kits
* House-keeping gene assays
* Genomic DNA detection kits
* Real-time PCR reagents
* geNorm reference gene selection kits
* Housekeeping gene selection kits
* Biobank Control cDNA
* High Resolution Melting analysis kits

## Customers

Primerdesign's customers include academic institutions, pharmaceutical companies, independent diagnostic laboratories, hospitals, and official government health agencies.

## Sponsorship program

In 2006, Primerdesign initiated a sponsorship program for PhD students and provide further assistance to the PCR component of their study.
# Porte de la Chapelle station

Porte de la Chapelle (French pronunciation:) is a station on line 12 of the Paris Métro in the districts of La Chapelle and Goutte d'Or and the 18th arrondissement.
The station opened on 23 August 1916 as part of the extension of the Nord-Sud company's line A from Jules Joffrin. On 27 March 1931 line A became line 12 of the Métro. Porte de la Chapelle was the terminus of line 12 until 18 December 2012, when an extension opened to Front Populaire.
The station is named after the Porte de la Chapelle, a gate in the nineteenth century Thiers wall of Paris, on the Rue de la Chapelle, the old Roman road to Calais via Saint-Denis, now Route nationale 1. It was named after a village that was annexed by Paris in 1860 and was named after a chapel to Saint Genevieve built in the 6th century.
The station is featured in "Crossroads", an episode of the American HBO series "Band of Brothers".
Work is under way to extend the line into the commune of Aubervilliers, initially to Front Populaire, which opened in 2012. It is proposed to extend it further north through several stations to La Courneuve–Aubervilliers RER B station or La Courneuve 6 Routes Tramway line 1 station.
A street-level interchange with Paris tramway Line 3b opened on 15 December 2012.

## Station layout

* Street Level
| B1 | Mezzanine |
| Line 12 platforms | Southbound | ← toward Mairie d'Issy (Marx Dormoy) |
| Island platform, doors will open on the left ||
| Line 12 platforms | Center track | No regular service |
| Island platform, doors will open on the left ||
| Line 12 platforms | Northbound | → toward Mairie d'Aubervilliers (Front Populaire) → |

## Gallery

* Street-level entrance at Porte de la Chapelle
* MF 67 rolling stock on Line 12 at Porte de la Chapelle
# An Jin-su

An Jin-su (born 26 December 1961) is a South Korean handball player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# Flóra Sipeki

Flóra Varjas-Sipeki (born 4 April 1991 in Budapest) is a Hungarian handball goalkeeper who plays for Moyra-Budaörs Handball.
Sipeki previously played for Váci NKSE, Békéscsabai Előre NKSE and Szombathelyi KKA, and with Vác she won the bronze medal of the Hungarian Championship in 2010. Flóra had a key role in the success, as she saved two decisive penalties in the shootout in the bronze final against her next club Békéscsaba.

## Achievements

* Nemzeti Bajnokság I:
** Bronze Medalist: 2010
* Magyar Kupa:
** Silver Medalist: 2012
# Estádio das Laranjeiras

Laranjeiras Stadium (Portuguese: Estádio das Laranjeiras), officially named Manoel Schwartz Stadium, is a historic football stadium in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. The stadium holds 2,000 spectators. It was built in 1905 and is one of the oldest stadiums in Brazil. The stadium is owned by Fluminense Football Club.

## History

Fluminense acquired a plot at Guanabara Street (currently named Pinheiro Machado street) in 1902. The stadium bleachers were built in 1905 and its maximum capacity was 5,000 people.
The Brazil national football team played its first match in 1914, at Laranjeiras Stadium, against Exeter City, of England. The match ended 2–0 to Brazil.
The stadium was renovated in 1919 and its capacity was expanded to 19,000 people. The re-inaugural match was played on May 11 of that year, when the Brazil national football team beat the Chile national football team 6–0. The first goal of the stadium after the re-inauguration was scored by Brazil's Friedenreich. In the same year, Brazil hosted the South American Championship, and all matches of the competition were played at Estádio das Laranjeiras. Brazil won that competition which was the first title achieved by the Seleção. The stadium was again expanded in 1922 to host South American Championship and its maximum capacity was expanded to 25,000 people. The capacity was reduced to 8,000 people in 1961 after the demolition of bleachers' part due to the construction of a viaduct at Pinheiro Machado Street.
The stadium's attendance record for Fluminense currently stands at 25,718 people, set on June 14, 1925 when Fluminense beat Flamengo 3–1.
On 20 July 2014, Exeter City played out a 0–0 friendly draw against Fluminense under 23s in a game commemorating the 100th anniversary of Brazil's first match. Around 600 fans attended the game, with over 170 of them being Exeter fans.
# Réka Pecz

Réka Pecz (born June 21, 1992) is a Hungarian swimmer, who specialized in breaststroke events. Pecz represented her nation Hungary at the 2008 Summer Olympics, and also trained as a member of the swimming team at Jövő Sports Club in Miskolc, under the tutelage of personal coach Balázs Fehérvári.
Pecz competed for Hungary in the women's 100 m breaststroke at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, Leading up to the Games, she posted a time of 1:11.15 to clear the FINA B-standard (1:11.43) by 0.28 of a second at the Hungarian Junior Championships in Eger. Swimming on the outside lane in heat three, Pecz opened up the race with a spectacular second-place feat, but faded down the stretch to hit the wall with a seventh-place time in 1:12.17. Pecz, however, failed to advance to the semifinals, as she placed forty-first out of 49 swimmers in the prelims.
# Alicia Kaufmanas

Alicia Adela Kaufmanas (born 20 December 1940) is an Argentine sprinter. She competed in the women's 100 metres at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
# Transfiguration (Ludovico Carracci)

The Transfiguration is an oil on canvas altarpiece by Ludovico Carracci, from 1595. It is held in the Pinacoteca Nazionale di Bologna. An earlier version of the topic was painted between 1588 and 1590, and is housed in the Scottish National Gallery, in Edinburgh.

## History and description

This altarpiece was commissioned by Monsignor Dionisio Ratta for the church of San Pietro Martire in Bologna. The church, located on Via Orfeo #31, was affiliated with the adjacent Dominican convent. These buildings are presently deconsecrated and used by a private elementary school. The art critic Malvasia said of the painting, that from close up it terrified, exceeding by much what would be natural, but from a distance it is pleasing.
The painting depicts the event of the Transfiguration of Jesus, wherein Jesus after walking up to a mountaintop with the three apostles Peter; James; and John, gains a divine radiance and white robes, and begins conversing with Moses (with the horns of light) and Elijah. It is a moment when his divine nature is directly revealed to the apostles. Upon hearing the words of God informing them that this is the son of God, the apostles fall to the ground in fear.
# Lilián Buglia

Lilián Buglia Mendoza (22 January 1934 – 10 October 2016) was an Argentine sprinter. She competed in the women's 100 metres at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Franz Vetter

Franz Vetter (3 December 1933 – 21 October 2009) was an Austrian skier. He competed at the 1964 Winter Olympics and the 1968 Winter Olympics.
# Leopold Potesil

Leopold Potesil (13 May 1933 – 18 January 2023) was an Austrian boxer. He competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics and the 1956 Summer Olympics.
Potesil died on 18 January 2023, at the age of 89.
# Josef Tauchner

Josef Tauchner (10 February 1929 – 17 July 1983) was an Austrian weightlifter. He competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics, the 1956 Summer Olympics and the 1960 Summer Olympics.
# Franz Krumm

Franz Krumm (16 October 1909 – 9 March 1943) was a German footballer who played as a forward.
On 12 June 1932, Krumm scored one of the goals in the 2–0 victory over Eintracht Frankfurt (the other goalscorer being Oskar Rohr) in the Städtisches Stadion in Nuremberg, helping Bayern Munich win the German football championship.
Krumm played two games for the Germany national team between 1932 and 1933, for which he scored one goal.
Krumm was killed in action while serving in the Wehrmacht on the Eastern Front of World War II in Russia.
# Dominick V. Daniels

Dominick Vincent Daniels (October 18, 1908 – July 17, 1987) was an American Democratic Party politician who represented New Jersey's 14th congressional district from 1959 to 1977.

## Early life and education

He was born in Jersey City, New Jersey on October 18, 1908. Daniels was educated in the Jersey City Public Schools, graduating from William L. Dickinson High School in 1925.
He attended Fordham University, New York City. He graduated from Rutgers University Law School in Newark, New Jersey, in 1929. He was admitted to the bar in New Jersey in 1930 and commenced the practice of law in Jersey City, New Jersey.

## Political career

He was appointed magistrate of the Jersey City Municipal Court in May 1952, reappointed in 1955, and subsequently was appointed presiding magistrate, in which capacity he served until March 1958. He served as delegate, Democratic National Conventions, 1960, 1964 and 1968.
Daniels was elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-sixth and to the eight succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1959 – January 3, 1977). He was not a candidate for reelection in 1976 to the Ninety-fifth Congress.

## Later life

Daniels returned to the practice of law in Jersey City after leaving Congress. He lived in Union City, New Jersey until his death in Jersey City on July 17, 1987. He was interred in Holy Cross Cemetery in North Arlington, New Jersey.

## Legacy

The USPS Processing and Distribution Center on Newark Turnpike in Kearny, New Jersey is named in his honor. His name is included in the postmark on envelopes processed there.
# Munderfing

Munderfing is a municipality in the district of Braunau am Inn in the Austrian state of Upper Austria.

## Geography

Munderfing lies on the western edge of the Kobernauß forest in the Innviertel. About 57 percent of the municipality is forest and 38 percent farmland.
# Gerd Völker

Gerd Völker (born 26 June 1942) is a German diver. He competed in the men's 10 metre platform event at the 1964 Summer Olympics.
# Shannon coding

In the field of data compression, Shannon coding, named after its creator, Claude Shannon, is a lossless data compression technique for constructing a prefix code based on a set of symbols and their probabilities (estimated or measured). It is suboptimal in the sense that it does not achieve the lowest possible expected code word length like Huffman coding does, and never better than but sometimes equal to the Shannon–Fano coding (Fano's method).
The method was the first of its type, the technique was used to prove Shannon's noiseless coding theorem in his 1948 article "A Mathematical Theory of Communication", and is therefore a centerpiece of the information age.
Shannon–Fano coding methods gave rise to the field of information theory and without its contributions, the world would not have any of the many successors; for example Huffman coding, or arithmetic coding. Much of our day-to-day lives are significantly influenced by digital data and this would not be possible without Shannon-Fano coding and the ongoing evolution of its methods.
In Shannon coding, the symbols are arranged in order from most probable to least probable, and assigned codewords by taking the first $l_{i}=\left\lceil -\log _{2}p_{i}\right\rceil$ bits from the binary expansions of the cumulative probabilities $\sum \limits _{k=1}^{i-1}p_{k}.$ Here $\lceil x\rceil$ denotes the ceiling function (which rounds $x$ up to the next integer value).

## Example

In the table below is an example of creating a code scheme for symbols a$_1$ to a$_6$. The value of l$_i$ gives the number of bits used to represent the symbol a$_i$. The last column is the bit code of each symbol.
| i | p$_i$ | l$_i$ | $\sum _{n=0}^{i-1}p_{n}$ | Previous value in binary | Codeword for a$_i$ |
| 1 | 0.36 | 2 | 0.0 | 0.0000 | 00 |
| 2 | 0.18 | 3 | 0.36 | 0.0101... | 010 |
| 3 | 0.18 | 3 | 0.54 | 0.1000... | 100 |
| 4 | 0.12 | 4 | 0.72 | 0.1011... | 1011 |
| 5 | 0.09 | 4 | 0.84 | 0.1101... | 1101 |
| 6 | 0.07 | 4 | 0.93 | 0.1110... | 1110 |
# Hermann, Prince of Wied

Hermann, Prince of Wied (German: Wilhelm Hermann Karl Fürst zu Wied; 22 May 1814 – 5 March 1864) was a German nobleman, elder son of Johann August Karl, Prince of Wied. He was the father of Queen Elisabeth of Romania and the grandfather of William, Prince of Albania.

## Early life

Hermann was the second child and first son of Johann August Karl, Prince of Wied (1779–1836), son of Friedrich Karl, Prince of Wied and Countess Marie of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg, and his wife, Princess Sophie Auguste of Solms-Braunfels (1796–1855), daughter of William, Prince of Solms-Braunfels and his wife Countess Auguste of Salm-Grumbach.

## Texas

In 1842, along with 20 other representatives of the German nobility, Prince Hermann founded the "Adelsverein, Society for the Protection of German Immigrants in Texas".
The settlement of New Wied, Texas, a few miles north of New Braunfels on the Guadalupe River located on the eastern side of Comal County, was established after more than 300 German settlers in the New Braunfels region died in the epidemic of 1846. The society also established the village of Wied, Texas in Lavaca County.
Hermann purchased a share in the society after he became engaged to the sister of Wilhelm, Duke of Nassau, the protector of the society. He took no active part in the society until 1847, when it became apparent that, because of debts and dissension, a new, more businesslike approach had to be taken in order to save the reputations and investments of the noblemen. Starting in 1847, Hermann's director of business affairs, August von Bibra became actively involved in the affairs of the Verein. When the prince was elected president of the society in 1851, following Carl, 3rd Prince of Leiningen, Bibra took over complete management of the enterprise. Bibra struggled for more than ten years to repay the Verein debts and to revitalize the emigration program.

## Marriage

Hermann married on 20 June 1842 in Biebrich, Princess Marie of Nassau (1825–1902), daughter of William, Duke of Nassau and his first wife Princess Louise of Saxe-Hildburghausen.
They had three children:
* Princess Elisabeth of Wied (29 December 1843 – 3 March 1916) married Carol I of Romania, had issue.
* William, Prince of Wied (22 August 1845 – 22 October 1907) married Princess Marie of the Netherlands, had issue.
* Prince Otto of Wied (22 November 1850 – 18 February 1862)

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Hermann, Prince of Wied :

## Notes and sources

* Neue Deutsche Biografie (NDB), Band 3, Seite 149
* The Royal House of Stuart, London, 1969, 1971, 1976, Addington, A. C., Reference: 336
Hermann, Prince of Wied House of Wied-NeuwiedCadet branch of the House of WiedBorn: 22 August 1845 Died: 22 October 1907 :
| German nobility |||
| Preceded byJohann August Karl | Prince of Wied 1836–1864 | Succeeded byWilliam |
# William Ligon

William T. Ligon Jr. (born April 3, 1961) is an American former politician. He served in the Georgia State Senate as the senator from the 3rd district between 2011 and 2021.
After Joe Biden won Georgia in the 2020 presidential election, Ligon pushed for a special session of the Georgia General Assembly to overturn Georgia's presidential election results.
# 2014 European Short Track Speed Skating Championships

The 2014 European Short Track Speed Skating Championships took place between 17 and 19 January 2014 in Dresden, Germany.

## Medal summary
### Medal table

* Host nation (Germany)
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Russia | 5 | 3 | 3 | 11 |
| 2 | Netherlands | 3 | 4 | 3 | 10 |
| 3 | Great Britain | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| 4 | Italy | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 5 | Hungary | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 6 | Germany* | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (6 entries) | Totals (6 entries) | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 |

### Men's events

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| 500 metres | Viktor An (RUS) | 40.644 | Sjinkie Knegt (NED) | 40.734 | Vladimir Grigorev (RUS) | 40.920 |
| 1000 metres | Viktor An (RUS) | 1:24.940 | Semion Elistratov (RUS) | 1:25.215 | Vladimir Grigorev (RUS) | 1:25.322 |
| 1500 metres | Semion Elistratov (RUS) | 2:14.541 | Niels Kerstholt (NED) | 2:14.734 | Freek van der Wart (NED) | 2:15.650 |
| 5000 metre relay | Russia Dmitry Migunov Viktor An Semion Elistratov Vladimir Grigorev Ruslan Zakharov | 6:45.803 | Netherlands Sjinkie Knegt Freek van der Wart Daan Breeuwsma Niels Kerstholt Christiaan Bokkerink | 6:46.072 | Germany Paul Herrmann Robert Seifert Christoph Schubert Daniel Zetzsche Jonas Kaufmann-Ludwig | 6:48.313 |
| Overall Classification | Viktor An (RUS) | 102 pts. | Semion Elistratov (RUS) | 60 pts. | Niels Kerstholt (NED) | 34 pts. |

### Women's events

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| 500 metres | Arianna Fontana (ITA) | 43.885 | Tatiana Borodulina (RUS) | 43.923 | Jorien ter Mors (NED) | 44.233 |
| 1000 metres | Elise Christie (GBR) | 1:30.489 | Jorien ter Mors (NED) | 1:30.557 | Tatiana Borodulina (RUS) | 1:30.650 |
| 1500 metres | Jorien ter Mors (NED) | 2:35.748 | Bernadett Heidum (HUN) | 2:36.574 | Zsófia Kónya (HUN) | 2:36.762 |
| 3000 metre relay | Netherlands Yara van Kerkhof Jorien ter Mors Lara van Ruijven Sanne van Kerkhof | 4:14.147 | Great Britain Elise Christie Alex Stanley Charlotte Gilmartin Kathryn Thomson | 4:15.497 | Hungary Bernadett Heidum Szandra Lajtos Andrea Keszler Zsófia Kónya | 4:15.873 |
| Overall Classification | Jorien ter Mors (NED) | 107 pts. | Elise Christie (GBR) | 63 pts. | Arianna Fontana (ITA) | 52 pts. |

## Participating nations

* Austria
* Belarus
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* France
* Germany
* Great Britain
* Hungary
* Israel
* Italy
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Netherlands
* Poland
* Romania
* Russia
* Serbia
* Slovakia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Turkey
* Ukraine
# Charles H. Porter (mayor)

Charles Hunt Porter was an American businessman and politician who served as the first mayor of Quincy, Massachusetts.

## Early life

Porter was born on April 3, 1843, in Weymouth, Massachusetts. When he was six weeks old his family moved to Quincy, Massachusetts, where he resided for the remainder of his life. He attended grammar and high school in Quincy and engaged in the insurance business until July 1, 1862, when he enlisted in the Union Army. Porter served in the 39th Massachusetts Regiment for three years during the American Civil War. He mustered out as a captain, but was later given an honorary commission as a lieutenant colonel.

## Business career

Upon his return from the war, Porter returned to the insurance business with W. Porter & Co. He later became a partner of the firm. He also served as a director of the Quincy Mutual Fire Insurance Co., a trustee of the Quincy Savings Bank, and director/president of the Quincy Water Co.
Porter was the president of the Boston Red Stockings of the National League from 1873 through 1874. During his tenure as president, the club made a tour of England. In 1900, Porter was part of a group that attempted to secure a Boston franchise in the new American League. Porter negotiated a deal for the club to play in Charles River Park in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and had selected a person to manage the affairs of the team, but his group backed out after the league's backers met with a rival group. Boston would join the American League in 1901 when Cleveland businessman Charles Somers formed what would become the Boston Red Sox.
Porter was a member of the Adams Academy's board of management from the school's organization in 1871 until 1888.

## Political career

Porter was a member of the Quincy board of selectmen from 1879 to 1880. From 1881 to 1882 he represented Quincy and Weymouth in the Massachusetts House of Representatives. In 1888, Porter was elected Mayor of Quincy in the city's first mayoral election. Porter also served on Quincy's school committee for seven years and was a member of the inaugural Quincy's park commission.
Porter served a member of the state board of health during the governorships of Roger Wolcott and Curtis Guild Jr. In 1899 he was appointed to the state civil service commission. In 1910 he was appointed by Governor Eben Sumner Draper to serve on a commission that investigated and reported on the care of tuberculosis patients.

## Illness and death

Porter underwent an operation in the spring of 1910. His health declined afterwards and he died on August 10, 1911, at his home in Quincy.