OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Karl Ludwig Fernow

Karl Ludwig Fernow (19 November 1763 – 4 December 1808) was a German art critic and archaeologist.

## Early life

Fernow was born in Pomerania, the son of a servant in the household of the lord of Blumenhagen. At the age of twelve he became clerk to a notary, and was afterwards apprenticed to a druggist. While serving his time he had the misfortune accidentally to shoot a young man who came to visit him; and although through the intercession of his master he escaped prosecution, the untoward event weighed heavily on his mind, and led him at the close of his apprenticeship to quit his native place.

## Art career

He obtained a situation at Lübeck, where he had leisure to cultivate his natural taste for drawing and poetry. Having formed an acquaintance with the painter Asmus Jacob Carstens, whose influence was an important stimulus and help to him, he renounced his trade of druggist, and set up as a portrait-painter and drawing-master. At Ludwigslust he fell in love with a young girl, and followed her to Weimar; but failing in his suit, he went next to Jena. There he was introduced to Professor Reinhold, and in his house met the Danish poet Jens Immanuel Baggesen. The latter invited him to accompany him to Switzerland and Italy, a proposal which in 1794 he eagerly accepted for the sake of the opportunity of furthering his studies in the fine arts. On Baggesen's return to Denmark, Fernow, assisted by some of his friends, visited Rome and made some stay there. He now renewed his intercourse with Carstens, who had settled at Rome, and applied himself to the study of the history and theory of the fine arts and of the Italian language and literature. Fernow's critiques and opinions have been questioned and poorly received due to his lack of formal qualification. His personal attacks on artists are thought to reflect his own lack of artistic talent and insight. Fernow self-proclaimed to have made rapid progress, he was soon semi-qualified to give a course of lectures on archaeology, which was attended by the principal artists then at Rome. Having married a Roman lady, he returned in 1802 to Germany, and was appointed in the following year professor extraordinary of Italian literature at Jena.

## Librarian

In 1804, he accepted the post of librarian to Amalia, Dowager Duchess of Weimar, which gave him the leisure he desired for the purpose of turning to account the literary and archaeological researches in which he had engaged at Rome. Fernow died in 1808 at Weimar, where he is buried in the Jacobsfriedhof.

## Works and biography

His most valuable work, the Romische Studien, appeared in 3 volumes between 1806 and 1808. Among his other works are Das Leben des Kunstlers Carstens (1806), Ariostos Lebenslauf (1809), and Francesco Petrarca (1818).
A memoir of his life by Johanna Schopenhauer, mother of the philosopher, Arthur Schopenhauer, appeared in 1810, and a complete edition of his works in 1829.
# Brent Yonts

Brent Yonts (March 21, 1949 – August 20, 2021) was an American politician and a Democratic member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from District 15. He took office in 1997 and was defeated for re-election in 2016 by Republican Melinda Gibbons Prunty.
Yonts died from COVID-19 at a hospital in Owensboro, Kentucky, on August 20, 2021, aged 72.

## Education

Yonts earned his BS from Murray State University, and his JD from the University of Kentucky College of Law.

## Elections

* 1994 Yonts ran in the District 15 1994 Democratic Primary, but lost to Charles Nelson, who went on to win the November 8, 1994 General election.
* 1996 When Representative Nelson left the Legislature and left the seat open, Yonts won the six-way 1996 Democratic Primary and won the November 5, 1996 General election against Republican nominee Marshall Prunty.
* 1998 Yonts was unopposed for both the 1998 Democratic Primary and the November 3, 1998 General election.
* 2000 Yonts was unopposed for both the 2000 Democratic Primary and the November 7, 2000 General election, winning with 9,448 votes.
* 2002 Yonts was unopposed for both the 2002 Democratic Primary and the November 5, 2002 General election, winning with 8,348 votes.
* 2004 Yonts was unopposed for both the 2004 Democratic Primary and the November 2, 2004 General election, winning with 10,259 votes.
* 2006 Yonts unopposed for the 2006 Democratic Primary and won the November 7, 2006 General election with 9,315 votes (71.6%) against Republican nominee Matthew Oates.
* 2008 Yonts was challenged in the 2008 Democratic Primary, winning with 5,805 votes (69.4%) and was unopposed for the November 4, 2008 General election, winning with 12,275 votes.
* 2010 Yonts was unopposed for both the May 18, 2010 Democratic Primary and the November 2, 2010 General election, winning with 8,288 votes.
* 2012 Yonts and returning 1996 Republican opponent Marshall Prunty were both unopposed for their May 22, 2012 primaries, setting up a rematch; Yonts won the November 6, 2012 General election with 8,696 votes (56.0%) against Prunty.
* 2016 Yonts was defeated in the general election by Melinda Gibbons Prunty (wife of Marshall Prunty), who carried 57.1% of the vote.
# Thomas Kerr (Kentucky politician)

Thomas Robert Kerr (born July 25, 1950, in Covington, Kentucky) is an American politician and a Republican who served in the Kentucky House of Representatives representing District 64 from 1985 to 2016. He did not run for reelection in 2016 and resigned from the house in September of that year in order to join the administration of governor Matt Bevin.

## Education

Kerr earned his BBA from the University of Kentucky and his JD from Northern Kentucky University's Salmon P. Chase College of Law.

## Elections

* 2012 Kerr was unopposed for both the May 22, 2012 Republican Primary and the November 6, 2012 General election, winning with 16,294 votes.
* 1980s and early 1990s Kerr was initially elected in the 1984 Democratic Primary and the November 6, 1984 General election and re-elected in the general elections of November 4, 1986, November 8, 1988, November 6, 1990, and November 3, 1992.
* 1994 Kerr was unopposed for the 1994 Democratic Primary and won the November 8, 1994 General election against Republican nominee Ernest Robinson.
* 1996 Kerr was unopposed for both the 1996 Democratic Primary and the November 5, 1996 General election.
* 1998 Kerr was unopposed for the 1998 Democratic Primary and won the November 3, 1998 General election against Republican nominee Anita Steffen.
* 2000 Kerr was unopposed for both the 2000 Democratic Primary and the November 7, 2000 General election, winning with 9,853 votes.
* 2002 Kerr was unopposed for both the 2002 Democratic Primary and the November 5, 2002 General election, winning with 5,448 votes.
* 2004 Having changed parties, Kerr was unopposed for both the 2004 Republican Primary and the November 2, 2004 General election, winning with 14,032 votes.
* 2006 Kerr was unopposed for both the 2006 Republican Primary and the November 7, 2006 General election, winning with 8,675 votes after a challenger withdrew.
* 2008 Kerr was challenged in the 2008 Republican Primary, winning with 1,796 votes (67.5%) and was unopposed for the November 4, 2008 General election, winning with 16,093 votes after a challenger withdrew.
* 2010 Kerr was unopposed for both the May 18, 2010 Republican Primary and the November 2, 2010 General election, winning with 10,466 votes.
# R. J. Palmer

Ralph Joe Palmer II (born December 25, 1970) is an American politician from the state of Kentucky. A member of the Democratic Party, he served in the Kentucky State Senate from September 19, 2001, to January 1, 2015. Palmer was the minority leader of the Kentucky Senate from January 4, 2011, to January 1, 2015.
Palmer is from Winchester, Kentucky. He was first elected to the house in 1998 when incumbent representative Drew Graham retired to run for Judge/Executive of Clark County. He served in the Kentucky House of Representatives from January 1, 1999, through September 19, 2001, and served in the Kentucky Senate from 2001 until he was defeated by challenger Ralph Alvarado and replaced in 2015. His senate district included Bath, Bourbon, Clark, Harrison, Montgomery, Nicholas counties.
# Tom Riner

Tom Riner (born October 7, 1946) is an American politician and pastor who served as a Democratic member of the Kentucky House of Representatives for the 41st District from 1982 until 2017. He was defeated by Attica Scott in the 2016 Democratic primary for the seat. The New York Times once wrote regarding Tom's stance of political discourse, "He looks for God everywhere, and in places he does not find him, he tries to put him there."

## Kentucky House of Representatives

Riner connected Rowan County Clerk Kim Davis, then under prosecution for defying a federal court order to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples, with Evangelical legal team Liberty Counsel.
An anti-revenge porn bill sponsored by Riner and fellow Democrat Joni Jenkins passed the Kentucky House unanimously.

### Disputed statute

In 2006, Riner sponsored a Kentucky law which could subject a staff member of Kentucky Homeland Security to a Class A Misdemeanor (carrying a 12-month prison sentence) if they fail to affirm the existence of an almighty God. The Kentucky Supreme Court has refused to review the constitutionality of the law, though a dissenting opinion was recorded by Judge Ann O'Malley, stating that while the organization "American Atheists lacked standing based on its claim for damages," statute KRS 39A.285 nonetheless "places an affirmative duty to rely on Almighty God for the protection of the Commonwealth," which would put it in contention with the Lemon Test.
The bill became law in 2008. American Atheists have asked the US Supreme court to review the constitutionality of the law.

## Personal life

Tom Riner and his wife, former State Representative Claudia Riner, live in Louisville, Kentucky.
# Dwight Butler

Dwight D. Butler (born November 21, 1963) is an American politician and was a Republican member of the Kentucky House of Representatives representing District 18 until January 2015.

## Education

Butler earned his BA from Eastern Kentucky University and his MPA from Western Kentucky University.

## Elections

* 2012 Butler was unopposed for both the May 22, 2012 Republican Primary and the November 6, 2012 General election, winning with 13,772 votes.
* 1994 Butler was unopposed for the 1994 Republican Primary and won the November 8, 1994 General election against Democratic nominee Donald Gedling.
* 1996 Butler was unopposed for both the 1996 Republican Primary and the November 5, 1996 General election.
* 1998 Butler was unopposed for both the 1998 Republican Primary and the November 3, 1998 General election.
* 2000 Butler was unopposed for both the 2000 Republican Primary and the November 7, 2000 General election, winning with 10,566 votes.
* 2002 Butler was unopposed for both the 2002 Republican Primary and the November 5, 2002 General election, winning with 9,034 votes.
* 2004 Butler was unopposed for the 2004 Republican Primary and won the November 2, 2004 General election with 12,092 votes (69.3%) against Democratic nominee Judy Blair.
* 2006 Butler was unopposed for both the 2006 Republican Primary and the November 7, 2006 General election, winning with 10,075 votes.
* 2008 Butler was unopposed for both the 2008 Republican Primary and the November 4, 2008 General election, winning with 13,411 votes.
* 2010 Butler was unopposed for both the May 18, 2010 Republican Primary and the November 2, 2010 General election, winning with 10,900 votes.

## Final year as Kentucky Representative

Dwight Butler, after nearly 2 decades in the same seat, has decided to not run for reelection in 2014. Butler didn't pick anybody to succeed him, and left his seat open for the 2014 campaign. Dean Schamore won his seat in the November 4, 2014 election. Butler only faced challengers to his seat 2 times during his 2 decades in office, and retired without having ever lost an election. Butler said that Kentucky's "General Assembly is more bi-partisan now" than it was when he first arrived in Frankfort (in 1995).
# Virgil Moore

Virgil C. Moore (born December 4, 1933) was a member of the Kentucky State Senate from 1993 to 2005 representing the state's 5th Senatorial district. In 2003, he ran for the Republican nomination for Governor of Kentucky. He resides in Leitchfield, Kentucky.

## Pre-politics

Moore was born near Barbourville, Kentucky and grew up in The Baughman area of rural Knox County. He graduated from Eastern Kentucky University with a Bachelor of Science degree in mathematics in 1961 and attended the U.S. Army’s Career Officers School in 1961 and the Joint Service, Air/Ground Operations School in 1971. Moore served in the army for 21 years before retiring as a major. After retirement he spent time farming and as president of Quality Wood Preserving Inc.

## Local politics

Moore served as the chairman of the Grayson County Republican Party from 1982 to 1990. He also served as a campaign co-chair for Republican congressional candidates in 1984, 1988, and 1990.

## State Senate campaigns

Moore was first elected to the state Senate in 1992. He was nominated by Republican officials in the 5th Senatorial District to replace state Rep. Ronny Layman of Leitchfield, who resigned after pleading guilty to accepting a bribe in the Boptrot sting conducted by the FBI. He defeated former State Auditor Mary Ann Tobin in the general election, 17,580 to 14,990, getting almost half his margin from the Democrat's home Breckinridge County (3,976 to 2,717). The district comprised precincts in Breckinridge, Grayson, Hart, Larue, Meade, and Ohio counties. In 1996 he defeated Joe Hager of Meade County in the general election by less than a thousand votes after not having a primary challenger. Before the election, the precincts in Larue County were moved to another district. In 2000 he defeated Bill Corum of Meade County with almost 56 percent of the vote in the general election. In 2004 Moore lost to Carroll Gibson in the Republican primary winning only 36 percent of the vote. By this time the precincts in Ohio county had been removed but precincts in Larue and Hancock counties had been added.
While in the senate he served on the Tobacco Task Force and was chairman of the Transportation Committee.
A 1998 survey by the Kentucky Center for Public Issues rated Moore as the least effective legislator in the senate.

## 2003 Gubernatorial race

Moore sought the Republican nomination for governor in 2003. His running mate for lieutenant governor was Don Bell of Oldham County. He finished a distant fourth in the primary winning only 1.5 percent of the vote in the election won by Ernie Fletcher. Fletcher won the governorship in the general election.
# Heart of Gold (The Kinks song)

"Heart of Gold" is a song by the British rock band The Kinks. Written by Ray Davies, the song appeared on the band's 1983 album State of Confusion.

## Background

"Heart of Gold" is an acoustic ballad in half-time. Music critic John Mendelsohn describes it as being country music-ish. Musician magazine finds the guitar work reminiscent of the Kinks earlier album Muswell Hillbillies. It was, according to Ray Davies, written about the birth of his and Pretenders front woman Chrissie Hynde's daughter, Natalie, in 1983. According to Davies, it was also inspired by a comment by Anne, Princess Royal in which she told intrusive photographers to "naff off." Davies had stated "I wrote about it imagining I was a photographer, but really it was about Chrissie having her first baby. Both she and Princess Anne seem to be quite anonymous people at times." However, Mendelsohn does not find the claim that the song was inspired by Princess Anne to be very credible. Musician describes the song's protagonist as being "tough but tender." Mendelsohn describes her as having "an abrasive exterior and a new baby daughter." The song was recorded in early 1983, at the same time as "Young Conservatives" (which precedes the song in State of Confusion's running order).

## Release and reception

"Heart of Gold" was first released as the ninth track on State of Confusion (eighth on non-cassette versions of the album.) It has since appeared on compilation albums such as Come Dancing with The Kinks and Picture Book, as well as the box set The Arista Years.
The song was cited as a highlight from State of Confusion by AllMusic critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine, who also described it as "charming." Musician also found it to be one of the "best moments" from the album. Music critic John Mendelsohn claimed that "in a better world, 'Heart of Gold'...would have been an even bigger hit than 'Come Dancing.'" Mendelsohn particularly praised the "bright acoustic guitars and grin-inducing Davies brothers harmonies on the choruses."
# For the Love of God (2011 film)

For the Love of God (French: Pour l'amour de Dieu) is a Canadian drama film, directed by Micheline Lanctôt and released in 2011. Based in part on a personal experience from Lanctôt's own childhood, the film centres on the sexual awakening of Léonie (Ariane Legault), a young girl attending convent school in 1959 who falls in love with Father Malachy (Victor Andrés Trelles Turgeon), the new school priest, and becomes jealous when she realizes that her teacher, Sister Cécile (Madeleine Péloquin), is also in love with him. The film also explores the effect of the experience on the three into the present day, with Lanctôt herself playing the role of the adult Léonie, Geneviève Bujold as the senior Sister Cécile and Nelson Villagra as the senior Fr. Malachy.
Rossif Sutherland also has a small role in the film as Jesus.
The film premiered on August 24, 2011, at the Angoulême Francophone Film Festival, where it won awards for Best Actress (Péloquin) and Best Film. It opened commercially in Quebec on September 2.
The film received six Jutra Award nominations at the 14th Jutra Awards, for Best Director (Lanctôt), Best Actress (Péloquin), Best Art Direction (Normand Sarazin), Best Cinematography (Michel La Veaux), Best Costume Design (François Barbeau) and Best Original Music (Catherine Major). Barbeau won the award for costume design.
At the Shanghai International Film Festival in 2012, the film won the Golden Goblet Jury Grand Prix.

## Cast

* Ariane Legault as Leonie 11 ans
* Madeleine Peloquin as Soeur Cecile Eugenie
* Victor Andres Turgeon-Trelles as Pere Malachy (credited as Victor Andres Trelles Turgeon)
* Genevieve Bujold as Soeur Cecile 72 ans
* Micheline Lanctot as Leonie 62 ans
* Rossif Sutherland as Jesus (credited as Rossif Racette Sutherland)
* Nelson Villagra as Malachy 76 ans
* Lynda Johnson as Pauline mere de Leonie
* Lawrence Arcouette as Jacques frere de Pauline
* Marc Paquet as Gerard pere de Leonie
* Suzanne Garceau as Mere Superieure
# Colleges of Medicine of South Africa

The Colleges of Medicine of South Africa (CMSA) is the custodian of the quality of medical care in South Africa. It stands out globally due to its 29 constituent Colleges, which represent all the disciplines of medicine and dentistry. The sole current path to specialisation in South Africa is through a Fellowship conferred by the college.

## History

CMSA was established and funded in 1954 by members of the medical profession, officially registering as a non-profit making company in 1955. It has facilities in Cape Town and Johannesburg, encompassing lecture venues, committee and reception rooms, as well as an office in Durban. In 2018, the college elected its first Black female president, Dr Flavia Senkubuge.

## Fellowships

The specialist qualifications obtained through The CMSA are referred to as Fellowships, a designation similar to those used in various countries. These Fellowships are recognised by the Health Professions Council of South Africa as acceptable for specialist registration and hold recognition worldwide.
For those medical and dental practitioners who do not wish to specialise, the CMSA offers Higher Diploma and Diploma qualifications which are registered by the HPCSA as additional qualifications. There is also an additional qualification for those who obtain a Certificate in one of the subspecialities.

## Colleges of the CMSA

* College of Anaesthetists
* College of Cardiothoracic Surgeons
* College of Clinical Pharmacologists
* College of Dentistry
* College of Dermatologists
* College of Emergency Medicine
* College of Family Physicians
* College of Forensic Pathologists
* College of Maxillo-Facial and Oral Surgeons
* College of Medical Geneticists
* College of Neurologists
* College of Neurosurgeons
* College of Nuclear Physicians
* College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
* College of Ophthalmologists
* College of Orthopaedic Surgeons
* College of Otorhinolaryngologists
* College of Paediatric Surgeons
* College of Paediatricians
* College of Pathologists
* College of Physicians
* College of Plastic Surgeons
* College of Psychiatrists
* College of Public Health Medicine
* College of Radiation Oncologists
* College of Radiologists
* College of Sports medicine
* College of Surgeons
* College of Urologists
# Eduardo Ramírez Villamizar

Eduardo Ramírez Villamizar (27 August 1922 – 24 August 2004) was a Colombian painter and sculptor. He is considered a pioneer of abstract, minimalist, and Constructivist art in Colombia, and in Latin America more broadly.

## Early life and education

Ramírez Villamizar was born on 27 August 1922 in Pamplona, Norte de Santander, to parents Adela Villamizar and Jesús Ramírez Castro. He was the youngest of eleven children. His father was a jeweler, and his first experiences making visual art took place in his father's studio.
He and his family moved to Cúcuta in 1929 in seek of work and economic opportunity after being bankrupted in the Great Depression.
In 1940 he moved to Bogotá to study architecture at the National University of Colombia, though he changed his focus to painting in 1944. He was invited by the University of Cauca in 1947 to spend seven months working in Popayán with sculptor Édgar Negret. Negret exposed Ramírez Villamizar to European avant-garde artwork, which he had encountered through colleague and Basque artist Jorge Oteiza. This experience was deeply influential to Ramírez Villamizar's stylistic development in the following years.

## Career

After a trip to Machu Picchu, Peru, he took inspiration in the Inca culture to do Constructivist art.

## Later years and death

He died in Bogotá on 23 August 2004. He was 81 years old.

## Awards and recognition

In 1978, he received the Order of Boyacá, the highest peacetime decoration awarded by the Colombian government. The following year he was also awarded the Medal of ColCultura and the José Eusebio Caro Medal (the latter being awarded by the departmental government of Norte de Santander, Ramírez Villamizar's place of birth).
The Ramírez Villamizar Museum of Modern Art (es), established in 1990 in his hometown of Pamplona, was named in his honor.
The Venezuelan government awarded him with the Order of Francisco de Miranda in 1993.
The National University of Colombia, his alma mater, named him Doctor Honoris Causa in 1993.
A Google Doodle released on 27 August 2019 (the 97th anniversary of his birth) was dedicated to him.
# Leonard Gibbs (assemblyman)

Leonard Gibbs (April 21, 1800 – September 12, 1863) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.

## Life

He was born on April 21, 1800, in Fort Ann, Washington County, New York, the son of Dr. Leonard Gibbs and Betsey (Robards) Gibbs.
He was District Attorney of Washington County from 1828 to 1836. On April 15, 1834, he married Mary Ann Beckwith (born 1813), and they had four children.
Gibbs was a Whig member of the New York State Assembly (Washington Co.) in 1838.
In 1839, he removed to New York City, and practiced law there until 1845. Afterwards he returned to Washington County, and lived in Greenwich.
He died on September 12, 1863, in Greenwich, New York.

## Sources

* ↑ The Gibbses of Granville, New York by Charles L. Bacon (1984; pg. 35)
* ↑ The New York Civil List compiled by Franklin Benjamin Hough (pg. 221, 275 and 384; Weed, Parsons and Co., 1858)
* ↑ History of Washington Co., New York by Crisfield Johnson (Everts & Ensign, Philadelphia PA, 1878; pg. 359)