OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ferdinand Eidman

Ferdinand Eidman (December 1, 1842 Worms, then in the Grand Duchy of Hesse, now in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany – May 5, 1910 Manhattan, New York City) was an American politician from New York.

## Life

He attended the common schools in Germany, and then emigrated to the United States. He settled in New York City and became a lithographic printer. He fought in the American Civil War. In 1865, he married Mary Germann, and they had several children.
He was a member of the New York State Assembly (New York Co., 10th D.) in 1879; and a member of the New York State Senate (7th D.) in 1880 and 1881.
In 1885, he was elected Coroner of New York City. He was Collector of Internal Revenue for the Third District of New York during the Benjamin Harrison administration; and was again appointed to this office by President William McKinley in 1897.
He died on May 5, 1910, at his home at 51 Seventh Street in Manhattan of diabetes, and was buried at the Lutheran All Faiths Cemetery.

## Sources

* Civil List and Constitutional History of the Colony and State of New York compiled by Edgar Albert Werner (1884; pg. 291 and 378)
* The State Government for 1879 by Charles G. Shanks (Weed, Parsons & Co, Albany NY, 1879; pg. 99f)
* FERDINAND EIDMAN DEAD in NYT on May 6, 1910
New York State Assembly :
| Preceded byJoseph P. Strack | New York State Assembly New York County, 10th District 1879 | Succeeded byEdward Grosse |
| New York State Senate |||
| Preceded byThomas Murphy | New York State Senate 7th District 1880–1881 | Succeeded byJames Daly |
# Oliver M. Hungerford

Oliver Morgan Hungerford (January 2, 1827 – June 15, 1888) was an American lawyer and politician who was a member of the New York State Assembly in 1865.

## Life

Hungerford was born in Berne, New York to Daniel and Hannah Hungerford with seven siblings. He pursued a career as a lawyer. On March 25, 1851, he married Almira Conger with whom he had two children. In 1865, he represented the second district of Albany County in the 88th New York State Assembly. However, he was contested by Joseph Shook, and his seat was vacated on April 12. He died on June 15, 1888, in Albany at the age of 61.
# Joshua Fiero Jr.

Joshua Fiero Jr. (May 4, 1818 - March 1, 1886) was an American merchant and politician from New York.

## Life

He was the son of Conrad Fiero and Catherine Fiero. He was born in that part of the Town of Broome which was separated in 1836 to form the Town of Conesville, in Schoharie County, New York. At age 9, he went to Saugerties, Ulster County, New York, to live with his uncle Joshua Fiero who adopted him. In 1840, Joshua Jr. became a clerk in a dry-goods store in Catskill, Greene County, New York, and a few years later opened his own store there. On July 28, 1842, he married Mary Frances Pierson (1820–1907), and they had several children, among them State Senator William P. Fiero (1843–1912).
He was a member of the New York State Assembly (Greene Co., 1st D.) in 1854; and a member of the New York State Senate (10th D.) in 1860 and 1861.
He died at his home in Catskill, and was buried at the Village Cemetery there.

## Sources

* The New York Civil List compiled by Franklin Benjamin Hough, Stephen C. Hutchins and Edgar Albert Werner (1867; pg. 442 and 477)
* Biographical Sketches of the State Officers and Members of the Legislature of the State of New York by William D. Murphy (1861; pg. 51ff)
* OBITUARY; EX-SENATOR FIERO in NYT on
* Catskill Cemetery records at RootsWeb
New York State Assembly :
| Preceded byDarius Winans | New York State Assembly Greene County, 1st District 1854 | Succeeded byMartin L. Rickerson |
| New York State Senate |||
| Preceded byGeorge W. Pratt | New York State Senate 10th District 1860–1861 | Succeeded byJacob S. Freer |
# Willard Johnson (politician)

Willard Johnson (May 16, 1820 – February 5, 1900) was an American businessman and politician from New York.

## Life

He was born on May 16, 1820, in Volney, New York, the son of Lovwell Johnson. He attended the common schools, Mexico Academy and Cazenovia Seminary. On September 9, 1847, he married Mary Gasper (died 1870), and they had four children. In 1852, he opened a lake and canal shipping business in Fulton. In the 1860s he also became a contractor and engaged primarily in public works connected to inland navigation.
Johnson was a delegate to the 1860 Democratic National Convention in Charleston, South Carolina; Supervisor of the Town of Volney in 1860 and 1861; a member of the New York State Assembly (Oswego Co., 2nd D.) in 1862; a delegate to the 1864, 1868 and 1872 Democratic National Conventions; and again a member of the State Assembly in 1873, 1874 and 1875.
In 1875, Johnson came under scrutiny during the investigation of the Canal Ring frauds.
He died on February 5, 1900; and was buried at the Mount Adnah Cemetery in Fulton.

## Sources

* ↑ History of Oswego County, New York by Crisfield Johnson (L. H. Everts & Co., Philadelphia PA, 1877; pg. between 226 and 227; and 230)
* ↑ Civil List and Constitutional History of the Colony and State of New York compiled by Edgar Albert Werner (1884; pg. 365 and 367)
* ↑ JOHNSON'S CONTRACT AT TROY in the New York Times on August 25, 1875
New York State Assembly :
| Preceded byRichard K. Sanford | New York State Assembly Oswego County, 2nd District 1862 | Succeeded byHiram W. Loomis |
| Preceded byThomas W. Green | New York State Assembly Oswego County, 2nd District 1873–1875 | Succeeded byThomas W. Green |
# White House New Year's Reception

The White House New Year's Reception was an annual public reception held at the White House every New Year's Day from 1801 to 1932. Attendees were able to go inside the White House to greet and shake the hand of the president of the United States and often the hand of the first lady of the United States. The president was expected to shake each person's hand. The first lady would shake hands as well, but she was able to leave early if she grew tired.
The reception was attended by members of the general public as well as diplomats, members of the cabinet, senators, congressmen, government officials, and members of the military. In the last few decades of its occurrence, the crowds were in the thousands, with a line of sometimes over 6,000 people, several blocks long.

## History

The annual event began with President John Adams, the first occupant of the White House, and was last held in 1932 during the presidency of Herbert Hoover. It is believed Franklin Roosevelt did not continue the tradition due to the secrecy surrounding his disability and wheelchair use.
The event was held annually and only rarely cancelled. It was held by Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War. He signed the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1 after shaking hands with many visitors, enough that he was concerned he would not sign the document properly due to strain in his hand. The year after, he welcomed African American guests, believed to be the first to have attended. Andrew Johnson only allowed black guests to enter the White House during a 15-minute window after the white guests were received.
During the 1883 reception, Kingdom of Hawaii representative Elisha Hunt Allen died from a heart attack, being one of ten people known to have died inside the White House.
Woodrow Wilson never held a public reception during his entire administration.
Large lightly-secured public appearances by American presidents became much more restricted after the first quarter of the 20th century. It is unlikely the event would have continued in its historic fashion had FDR not ended it.
# Charles A. Fowler

Charles A. Fowler (May 10, 1832 – February 7, 1896) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.

## Life

Fowler was born on May 10, 1832, in Cold Spring, New York.
Fowler attended the American Seminary in Dutchess County. When he was 16, he entered Yale College. He had to drop out in 1851, a year before he would have graduated, due to poor health. He then studied law under Azor Tabor in Albany and studied at Albany Law School. He was a member of the first class of the school, became the oldest living graduate by the time he died, and served as president of the Alumni Association in 1885. In 1853, a day before his 21st birthday, he was admitted to the bar. He then practiced law in Chicago, Illinois, for the next few years. In 1859, he opened a law office in New York City and formed a partnership with Alfred Conkling. In 1864, he moved to Ellenville and opened a successful law practice there.
Fowler served as Surrogate of Ulster County from 1868 to 1872. In 1879, he was elected to the New York State Senate as a Democrat, representing New York's 14th State Senate district (Ulster, Schoharie, and Greene Counties). He served in the Senate in 1880 and 1881. At some point prior to his election to the Senate, he moved to Kingston.
Fowler was a member, vestryman, and warden of St. John's Episcopal Church. In 1853, he married Hannah M. Warren, daughter of Cornelius Warren. They had two surviving sons, Cornelius W. and Everett. Everett worked as a law partner with his father for several years under the firm name C. A. & E. Fowler.
Fowler died in Dr. C. O. Sahler's sanitarium in Kingston, where he was for some time, on February 7, 1896. He was buried in Wiltwyck Cemetery in Kingston.
# Alexander Frear

Alexander Frear (1820 – May 22, 1882) was an American politician. He served as a councilman in New York City, and later an Alderman. He was elected to the New York State Assembly, and later in his life became the Commissioner of Emigration and Commissioner of Public Charities for New York City.
A Huguenot whose family immigrated from France, Frear was born on August 18, 1820; in Poughkeepsie, New York, where he received his schooling. In 1848, he founded an importing house 'Alexander Frear & Company'. The business was relatively successful until it went bankrupt in 1857. After the bankruptcy, Frear became involved in politics, getting elected to the New York City Council. In 1860, he was elected an alderman of New York. In 1865, and later 1866, he was elected to the New York State Assembly, where he served as William M. Tweed's spokesperson.
# John I. Gilbert

John Ingersoll Gilbert (October 11, 1837 Pittsford, Rutland County, Vermont – December 19, 1904) was an American politician from New York.

## Life

He attended Castleton Seminary, North Granville Academy, and Barre Academy, and graduated from the University of Vermont in 1859. Then he taught school. He was Principal of the Royalton Academy for two years, and of the Franklin Academy in Malone for six years. He also studied law, was admitted to the bar, and practiced in Malone.
Gilbert was a member of the New York State Assembly (Franklin Co.) in 1876, 1877 and 1878.
He was a member of the New York State Senate (20th D.) in 1884 and 1885. He was a delegate to the 1884 Republican National Convention.
At the New York state election, 1889 he ran for Secretary of State of New York, but was defeated by Democrat Frank Rice. Gilbert was a delegate to the New York State Constitutional Convention of 1894.

## Sources

* The New York Red Book compiled by Edgar L. Murlin (published by James B. Lyon, Albany NY, 1897; pg. 403 and 497f)
* Biographical sketches of the Members of the Legislature in The Evening Journal Almanac (1885)
* Bio transcribed from Historical Sketches of Franklin County by Frederick J. Seaver (1918)
New York State Assembly :
| Preceded byJohn P. Badger | New York State Assembly Franklin County 1876–1878 | Succeeded byWilliam D. Brennan |
| New York State Senate |||
| Preceded byDolphus S. Lynde | New York State Senate 20th District 1884–1885 | Succeeded byCharles L. Knapp |
# Ionolyce

Ionolyce is a small genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. I. helicon is widespread in the Indoaustralasian region (India to the Malay Archipelago. I selkon and I.brunnescens are both endemic to the Solomon Islands.

## Description

Medium-sized blues, the hindwing with a thin, white-tipped tail. The male's upper side is blue violet, the female is brown with scattered blue scales. The underside is brown with fine, white transverse stripes and an orange spot at the rear corner of the hind wing.

## Species

* Ionolyce brunnescens Tite, 1963
* Ionolyce helicon (Felder, 1860)
* Ionolyce selkon Parsons, 1986
# Jeep Hurricane

The Jeep Hurricane is a bespoke custom concept vehicle that was unveiled at the 2005 North American International Auto Show in Detroit by American automaker Jeep. Its principal exterior designer was Aaron Pizzuti. The concept went on to win IDEA Silver Award, a Popular Science "Best of what's new" award, and an Autoweek Editor's Choice award in the "Most Fun" category.

## Specifications

The Hurricane is powered by twin 5.7 L HEMI V8 engines which each produce 335 hp (250 kW; 340 PS) and 370 lb⋅ft (502 N⋅m) of torque, for a total of 670 hp (500 kW; 679 PS) and 740 lb⋅ft (1,003 N⋅m) of torque. Power is sent to all 4 wheels through a 5-speed automatic transmission. The Hurricane is equipped with automatic cylinder deactivation for both engines, which deactivates cylinders in sets of 4, allowing the Hurricane to run on 16, 12, 8 or 4 of its total cylinders. It is capable of accelerating from 0-60 mph (0–97 km/h) in 4.9 seconds. The Hurricane features a Chrysler designed and patented four-wheel steering system, which was outsourced to MillenWorks, and features two selectable modes. The first mode turns all 4 wheels in the same direction, allowing the Hurricane to move sideways. The second mode allows it to turn the front and back sets of wheels in opposite directions at equal angles, achieving a turning radius of zero feet (ZTR) and allowing the Hurricane to drive in a circle while staying in one spot. The Hurricane's one-piece body is composed largely of light-weight structural carbon fiber. Its skid plate is an aluminum spine that connects the chassis to the underside of the vehicle. The Hurricane doesn't have side doors or a roof, and there is only seating for two people. The driver and passenger enter the vehicle over bulkheads on each side.

## Dimensions

Source:
* Front overhang: 25.0 inches (635 mm)
* Rear overhang: 18.7 inches (475 mm)
* Track, front/rear: 67.5/67.5 inches (1,715/1,715 mm)
* Transfer case: custom multi-mode with 1:1, 2:1 and 4:1 ratios
* Front and rear suspension: long-travel, short/long arm independent
* Ground clearance: 14.3 inches (363 mm)
* Break-over angle: 31.5 degrees
* Approach/depart angle: 64.0/86.7 degrees
* Tire size: 305/70R20 (all four)
* Wheel size: 20x10 inches (51x25 cm)
# Annapurna Devi Mandir

Annapurna Devi Mandir (Hindi: अन्नपूर्णा देवी मंदिर), also known as Annapurna Mata Mandir and Annapurna Mandir, is one of the most famous Hindu temples (Mandir) in the holy city of Varanasi. This temple has great religious importance in Hinduism and is dedicated to the goddess Annapurna. Annapurna is the Hindu goddess for nourishment and is a form of the goddess Parvati. The current Annapurna Mandir was constructed in the 18th century by Maratha Peshwa Bajirao I.

## History

Annapurna Devi Mandir was constructed in 1729 AD by Maratha Peshwa Baji Rao.

## Construction

The temple is constructed in Nagara architecture and has sanctum with large pillared porch, which houses a picture of goddess Annapurna. The temple also houses two icons of the goddess; one made of gold and other of brass. The brass icon is available for daily darshan (viewing & worship). The gold icon can be only seen once a year; on Annakut day.

## Legend

In Hindu mythology, there are two popular beliefs behind the origin of this temple.
According to one belief, once the goddess Parvati closed all three eyes of her husband Shiva. Due to this, the entire world was filled with darkness. Parvati lost her fair complexion (Gauri form). She asked Shiva for his help to reacquire her Gauri form. Shiva asked her to donate anna (food) in Varanasi. Hence, she took the form of Annapurna (the goddess of food) with a golden pot and ladle, and donated food in Varanasi.
According to another belief, once Shiva commented that the entire world (including food) is maya (illusion). Parvati, the goddess of food, got angry and decided to demonstrate the importance of food by making all the food on earth disappear. The world started to suffer due to hunger. Shiva finally came to Parvati and acknowledged the importance of food, begging for food at her door. Parvati became happy, offered food by her own hands to Shiva and then made a kitchen in Varanasi for her devotees.

## Location

Annapurna Devi Mandir is situated in Visheshwarganj, Varanasi. It is situated 15 meters North-West of the famous Kashi Vishwanath Mandir, 200 meters west of Vishalakshi Temple, 350 meters West of Manikarnika Ghat, 5 kilometers South-East of Varanasi Junction railway station and 4.5 kilometers North-East of Banaras Hindu University.

### Annapuran Devi Temple, Indore

There is one more Annapurna Mandir, which is in Indore city, state MP. Maa Annapurna is the Goddess of Food and Nourishment.
The entrance of the temple is adorned with four-life size statues of elephants, and the architectural splendour of the temple makes it a must-visit for all tourists.

### Annapurna Devi Temple, Kannauj

This temple dedicated to Goddess Annapurna is situated in the outskirts of Kannauj. This is a miraculous temple dedicated to the Goddess, every year lakhs of people come here to visit.
# Fiat AN.1 (aircraft)

The Fiat AN.1 was an Italian two-seat biplane from 1930, best known as a demonstrator of Fiat's first aircraft diesel engine, also named the Fiat AN.1.

## Design and development

The AN.1 was a two-seat reconnaissance aircraft built primarily to explore the suitability of diesel engines for tasks requiring long distance flying. In the early 1930s, diesel engines seemed to offer several advantages in such situations, particularly better reliability because of greater mechanical simplicity and lower fuel consumption, because of greater thermodynamic efficiency. Additionally, heavy oil fuel posed no fire risk and was at the time a fifth the price of petrol.
The AN.1 used a Fiat-built engine of the same name, much of which was based on the Fiat A.12 petrol engine, but with a new compression ignition upper half. It was a conventional biplane design, though little is known of its details. It first flew in 1930.

## Operational history

After some short test flights at Fiat's Turin works, the AN.1 made its first long-distance flight to Rome, a distance of about 510 km (315 mi), piloted by Renato Donati in June 1930. This took it to Littorio Airport for an appearance on the first day of the Aerial Pageant.

## Specifications

Data from Italian Civil and Military Aircraft 1930-1945
General characteristics
* Crew: two
* Length: 8.75 m (28 ft 8 in)
* Wingspan: 11.24 m (36 ft 11 in)
* Height: 2.97 m (9 ft 9 in)
* Wing area: 40.48 m$^2$ (435.7 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 1,309 kg (2,886 lb)
* Gross weight: 1,597 kg (3,520 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Fiat AN.1 Six-cylinder inline water-cooled Diesel, 160 kW (220 hp) maximum at 1,700 rpm
Performance
* Maximum speed: 204 km/h (127 mph, 110 kn)
* Endurance: 3 hr 30 min
* Service ceiling: 5,190 m (17,040 ft)
# John H. Swift

John H. Swift (August 29, 1840 – December 14, 1911) was an Irish-American manufacturer and politician from New York.

## Life

Swift was born on August 29, 1840, in Ireland, the son of Peter Swift and Katharine Monahan. He immigrated to America in 1845.
Swift initially lived in Poquonock, Connecticut, and attended public schools there. While serving as an apprentice to a carriage manufacturer, he enlisted in Company A, 12th Connecticut Volunteers. He served with them for three years during the American Civil War, participating in several major battles under Generals Benjamin Butler, Nathaniel P. Banks, and Philip Sheridan. Following his discharge, he learned the blacksmith trade and began working as a skilled mechanic for a large forging company in Southington, Connecticut. In 1883, he formed a manufacturing company called the Union Carriage and Forging Company in Union, New York, with fellow factory workmen with Le Roy S. White and George D. Lincoln. In 1899, they incorporated the Union Forging Company, with Swift as its vice-president.
Swift was a Republican all his life, casting his first presidential vote for Abraham Lincoln on a Virginia battlefield. He served as trustee and president of the village of Union for four years. In 1899, he was elected to the New York State Assembly as a Republican, representing the Broome County 2nd District. He served in the Assembly in 1900 and 1901.
Swift was an active member of the Grand Army of the Republic. In 1868, he married Norah Carroll of Winsted, Connecticut. Their children were James C., Ellen A., Lillian C., and John P.
Swift died at home on December 14, 1911. He was buried in St. Patrick's Cemetery.
# David Funderburk

David Britton Funderburk (born April 28, 1944) is an American politician and diplomat who served as the Ambassador of the United States to Romania from 1981 to 1985. He later served as a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from North Carolina for one term.

## Early life and education

Funderburk was born at Langley Field in Hampton, Virginia as the son of a pastor and school teacher. He grew up in Aberdeen, North Carolina and attended Wake Forest University from 1962 to 1967, earning a B.A. and M.A. He received his Ph.D. in 1974 from the University of South Carolina, with a thesis titled "British policy towards Romania, 1938–1940: A Study in Economic and Political Strategy".

## Career

Prior to entering politics, Funderburk worked as a professor of history. He initially taught at Wingate University and then later at the University of South Carolina, Hardin–Simmons University, and Campbell University. He was a Fulbright Scholar who later received Romania's highest award to a foreigner. The University of Bucharest and Campbell University gave him honorary doctorates.

### Ambassador

In 1981, Funderburk was chosen as the U.S. Ambassador to the Socialist Republic of Romania, and served until 1985. In Pinstripes and Reds, a book published in 1987, he described the process by which he was nominated and confirmed to be ambassador, as well as aspects of life in Romania during the administration of Nicolae Ceaușescu.

### Senate campaign

In 1986, Funderburk ran for the U.S. Senate, but was defeated in the Republican primary by incumbent Jim Broyhill.

### Congress

After the Senate race, Funderburk became a professional lecturer and writer. In 1994, he ran for the U.S. House of Representatives and was elected as a Republican to the 104th Congress, coming in as a part of what became known as the Republican Revolution. Funderburk was the first Republican to represent his district since 1901.
Funderburk was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the 105th Congress. His defeat was largely blamed on a car accident in which he was involved. Witnesses claimed that he was driving but then switched seats with his wife.

### Lobbyist

After leaving Congress, Funderburk joined the law firm Kirkpatrick and Lockhart, where he worked as a lobbyist.

## Books

* If the Blind Lead the Blind: The Scandal Regarding the Mis-teachings of Communism in American Universities Erwin, N.C.: Carolina Arts and Publishing House, 1978.
* British Policy Toward Romania, 1938–1940 N.p., 1983.
* Pinstripes and Reds: An American Ambassador Caught Between the State Department & the Romanian Communists, 1981–1985 Washington, D.C.: Selous Foundation Press, 1987. ISBN 0-944273-01-7
# Guido Castelli

Guido Castelli (born 30 November 1965 in Siena) is an Italian lawyer and politician.
Former member of the Italian Social Movement and National Alliance, he has been a member of the centre-right party Forza Italia since 2013. He was elected Mayor of Ascoli Piceno on 23 June 2009, and re-elected for a second term on 28 May 2014.