# Karl Fredrik Bergh

Karl Fredrik Bergh, sometimes known as Carl Fredrik Berg, in Finnish as Kaarle, and in Latin as Carolus Fridericus Berg (born before 23 November 1763, died Suonenjoki 9 February 1844), was a cleric and scholar, noted for his interest in oral Finnish literature.

## Life

Bergh was born to Elisabet Bergh (d. 1798), daughter of the chaplain Henrik Bergh (d. 1732), and a lieutenant from Kuopio; he was baptised at Maaninka Monday 23 November 1763. Bergh attended Oulu's trivial school in 1785, taking the entrance examination for university 2 March 1786. He began studying at the Royal Academy of Turku on 2 March 1786. He was ordained priest in Porvoo diocese on 24 July 1788, serving as assistant to the vicar of Leppävirta that year 1788. He became parish priest in Suonenjoki in 1793, chaplain in 1798, and deputy pastor 1813.
In 1793, Bergh married Kristina Kjellman (d. 1807); in 1808 he married Juliana Bergh (d. 1821), daughter of the cleric Adam Bergh (1739–96); and in 1822 he married Katarina Charlotta Montell (d. 1833). In all, he had four sons, who all had clerical careers: Johan Fredrik Bergh (1816–66), Gustaf Adam Bergh (1822–44), Nils Henrik Bergh (1824–45), and Julius Immanuel Bergh (1832–78).

## Role in Finnish literary history

In the 1897 assessment of A. R. Niemi,
   Bergh oli innokas jumalansanan selittäjä, mutta harrasti sen ohessa myös suomen kieltä, ollen noita, nyt usein unhotettuja, entisaikoina eläneitä suomenmielisiä, jotka varmasti uskoivat suomalaisen Suomen tulevaisuuteen ja hengen silmillä näkivät onnellisemman ajan isänmaalle koittavan kuin missä heidän itse oli sallittu elää.
   [Bergh was an enthusiastic propounder of the word of God, but he also took an interest in the Finnish language, being one of those early people, now often forgotten, who were sympathetic to Finnish, who believed with commitment in the future of a Finnish-speaking Finland and in their mind's eye envisaged a happier time coming for their fatherland than that in which they themselves chanced to live.]
Bergh was the owner of a folio manuscript, copied in the eighteenth century by someone other than him from a yet earlier manuscript, containing eighteen 'Finska Runor' (Finnish poems). This represents some of the earliest recorded Finnish-language literature—though most of the poems are incomplete, cut off with an 'etc.'. The manuscript was collected from Bergh by Adolf Ivar Arwidsson and was one of the sources used by Henrik Gabriel Porthan. It is now held by the Suomalainen Kirjallisuuden Seura as A. I. Arvidsson Collection, MS no 488 a. 15 and contains the following texts:
| Number | Number of lines | Manuscript title | English translation |
| 1 | 42 | Perustussanoja | Preliminary formula |
| 2 | 160 | Eldens ursprung | The origin of fire |
| 3 | 127 | Öfwer ormstyng | On snakebite |
| 4 | 75 | Raudan synty | The origin of iron |
| 5 | 20 | Mot kiöld | Against the cold |
| 6 | 6 | Haltioihin-saattosanoja | Falling into ecstasy |
| 7 | 16 | Laulajan virttä | Song of a singer |
| 8 | 69 | Om Barna Börd | On childbirth |
| 9 | 25 | Då Boskap utsläppes | When livestock is released |
| 10 | 68 | At fånga räfwar | To catch foxes |
| 11 | 8 | Emot Tandwärk | Against toothache |
| 12 | 12 | Emot Warg Styng | Against a wolf's bite |
| 13 | 19 | Så kallad Ähky | So-called ähky (colic) |
| 14 | 56 | Emot Syng | |
| 15 | 38 | Humalan Syndy | The origin of beer |
| 16 | 22 | Emot winter orm | Against winter-worm |
| 17 | 6 | Basilisk. Sisälisko | |
| 18 | 15 | Karjanlukua | Cattle-count |