# Coyhaique

Coyhaique (Spanish pronunciation:), also spelled Coihaique in Patagonia, is the capital city of both the Coyhaique Province and the Aysén Region of Chile. Founded by settlers in 1929, it is a young city. Until the twentieth century, Chile showed little interest in exploiting the remote Aisén region. The Carretera Austral southern highway opened in the 1980s.

## Geography

The commune of Coyhaique spans an area of 43,297 km$^2$ (16,717 sq mi). It is surrounded by rivers (Simpson and Coyhaique) and by mountains. The mountains may be snow-covered throughout the year, thus Coihaique is sometimes called the city of eternal snow.

### Climate

Under the Köppen climate classification, Coyhaique has an oceanic climate (Cfb), though it is considerably less wet than coastal settlements like Puerto Montt or Puerto Aysén since the coastal mountains provide considerable shielding from the westerly winds. Temperatures are moderate during the months of November through April, while from May until October, temperatures are chilly and accompanied by the possibility of snowfall.
Climate data for Coyhaique (Teniente Vidal Airfield) 1991–2020, extremes 1952–present :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 35.6 (96.1) | 35.7 (96.3) | 31.5 (88.7) | 25.2 (77.4) | 20.4 (68.7) | 18.6 (65.5) | 16.2 (61.2) | 19.0 (66.2) | 23.1 (73.6) | 27.5 (81.5) | 31.0 (87.8) | 32.2 (90.0) | 35.7 (96.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 19.5 (67.1) | 20.1 (68.2) | 17.4 (63.3) | 13.6 (56.5) | 9.4 (48.9) | 6.0 (42.8) | 5.8 (42.4) | 8.3 (46.9) | 11.5 (52.7) | 13.9 (57.0) | 15.9 (60.6) | 18.0 (64.4) | 13.3 (55.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 14.2 (57.6) | 14.3 (57.7) | 12.2 (54.0) | 9.1 (48.4) | 6.0 (42.8) | 3.1 (37.6) | 2.7 (36.9) | 4.6 (40.3) | 6.9 (44.4) | 9.0 (48.2) | 10.9 (51.6) | 12.9 (55.2) | 8.8 (47.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 8.9 (48.0) | 8.5 (47.3) | 6.9 (44.4) | 4.6 (40.3) | 2.6 (36.7) | 0.2 (32.4) | −0.4 (31.3) | 0.9 (33.6) | 2.2 (36.0) | 4.0 (39.2) | 5.9 (42.6) | 7.8 (46.0) | 4.3 (39.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 0.0 (32.0) | −1.0 (30.2) | −8.0 (17.6) | −8.4 (16.9) | −11.0 (12.2) | −25.2 (−13.4) | −18.0 (−0.4) | −13.4 (7.9) | −8.8 (16.2) | −7.3 (18.9) | −4.2 (24.4) | −2.3 (27.9) | −25.2 (−13.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 57.8 (2.28) | 46.7 (1.84) | 72.8 (2.87) | 97.2 (3.83) | 121.8 (4.80) | 140.4 (5.53) | 118.7 (4.67) | 117.0 (4.61) | 61.1 (2.41) | 70.6 (2.78) | 61.7 (2.43) | 57.3 (2.26) | 1,023.1 (40.28) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 7.7 | 6.8 | 9.1 | 10.5 | 13.4 | 14.2 | 12.6 | 12.9 | 9.4 | 8.6 | 8.3 | 7.6 | 121.2 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 59 | 60 | 64 | 71 | 80 | 82 | 81 | 74 | 67 | 61 | 59 | 59 | 68 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 250.6 | 224.5 | 191.5 | 137.1 | 79.5 | 54.5 | 72.5 | 114.1 | 156.8 | 208.1 | 224.6 | 238.6 | 1,952.4 |
| Source 1: Dirección Meteorológica de Chile (humidity 1970–2000) ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: NOAA (precipitation days 1991–2020) ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, Coyhaique has 50,041 inhabitants (25,453 men and 24,588 women). Of these, 44,850 (89.6%) lived in urban areas and 5,191 (10.4%) in rural areas. The population grew by 15.6% (6,744 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses.

## Administration

As a commune, Coyhaique is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2012-2016 alcalde is Alejandro Huala Canumán (PS). He was preceded by Omar Muñoz Sierra (UDI) from 2008 to 2012 and David Sandoval Plaza (also UDI), who served from 2000 to 2008.
Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Coyhaique is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by René Alinco (PDC) and the former mayor David Sandoval as part of the 59th electoral district, which includes the entire Aysén Region. The commune is represented in the Senate by Antonio Horvath Kiss (RN) and Patricio Walker Prieto (PDC) as part of the 18th senatorial constituency (Aysén Region).

## Society and culture

The town square is laid out in the shape of a pentagon in honor of the Carabineros, the national police force. A Carabinero general was one of the town's founders. Novelist and poet, Ivonne Coñuecar, is from Coyhaique and was awarded the Santiago Municipal Literature Award in 2019. Since 2015 Coyhaique hosts the FIMP, Festival Internacional de Música de la Patagonia, a major initiative in this field.

## Transport and tourism

Travellers arrive by air through the local airport, by sea through ships that dock at Puerto Chacabuco (near Puerto Aysén, about one hour to the west of Coyhaique), and by road. Two border crossings near Coyhaique allow entry into Argentina. Fly fishing is popular along its rivers and lakes.
LAN has three daily flights from Santiago to Balmaceda Airport, located 40 km (25 mi) from Coyhaique. Other airlines also provide services. Connections from Balmaceda airport to points further south in Chile will often require a connection in Puerto Montt.
Its sole ski resort, El Fraile, provides two ski lifts and a couple of tracks but no on-site lodging.

### Hotspots

* Simpson and Coyhaique Rivers, well known for fly fishing
* Piedra del Indio, an Indian-shaped rock besides the Simpson River
* Happy Stone, a large rock in the middle of a plain where young people go to party

## Pollution

A 2018 study by the World Health Organization (WHO) looking at 4,357 cities in 108 countries worldwide showed Coyhaique to have the worst air quality in the Americas and ranked it 139th unhealthiest in the world.
This is mostly due to wood smoke from fires the residents light for warmth in the winter months of June and July. Because the city is located between two mountainous ridges, the smoke cannot be dispersed down the valley and away and heat inversion compresses it into a dense cloud of smoke.
In May 2016, the Chilean government also declared Coyhaique “saturated” by harmful fine particles (PM2.5) which are linked to cardiopulmonary diseases and lung cancer.