OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Louis Bonaparte (1864–1932)

Prince Napoleon Louis Josef Jérôme Bonaparte (16 July 1864 – 14 October 1932) was a member of the House of Bonaparte, as well as a lieutenant-general in the Imperial Russian Army and governor of the province of Yerevan in 1905.

## Early life

Louis Bonaparte, as he was known, was born in Meudon, France. He was the second son of Prince Napoléon-Jérôme Bonaparte, who was the son of Napoleon's brother Jérôme Bonaparte and of Princess Maria Clotilde of Savoy, daughter of Victor Emmanuel II of Italy.

## Life

He was educated with his older brother Victor, Prince Napoléon, then lived a quiet life in Paris at the home of his aunt Mathilde Bonaparte. His father directed him to a military career. As a relative of Napoleon Bonaparte, he was not allowed to join the French Army, so he became a lieutenant in the Royal Italian Army in Verona, with the approval of his uncle, King Umberto I of Italy. Because of anti-French sentiment in the Italian Army, he left Italy in 1890 and enlisted in the Imperial Russian Army. In 1895 he was promoted to colonel. In 1902 he was stationed in the Caucasus. When riots broke out in 1905 between Armenians and Azeris in Yerevan, he was named governor of the province of Yerevan and ordered to restore order.
In his will, Napoléon-Jérôme designated Louis as his heir, bypassing his first son Victor, who he deemed "a traitor and a rebel". Despite this, Louis publicly recognized his brother as head of the house of Bonaparte following their fathers death.
In 1910, he retired from the Russian Army as a lieutenant-general and moved to the family estate in Prangins, Switzerland. After Italy entered the First World War, at the request of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, he became liaison officer for the Russian Army with the Third Italian Army, led by his cousin Prince Emanuele Filiberto, Duke of Aosta.
In 1917, he returned to Prangins, though his later travels included trips to Japan and the United States.
He died in 1932 from a stroke in Prangins, Switzerland. He never married and had no children.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Louis Bonaparte (1864–1932) :

## Sources

* Armenia, the Survival of a Nation by Christopher Walker (ISBN 9780312049447)
* Dictionnaire du Second Empire (1995) by Jean Tulard
* Fire and sword in the Caucasus by Luigi Villari (pages 216–228)

## Footnotes

* ↑ LUIGI VILLARI (1906). FIRE AND SWORD IN THE CAUCASUS. T. Fisher Unwin. p. 217 – via Armenia House.
* ↑ Valynseele, Joseph (1967). Les Prétendants aux Trônes d'Europe (in French). Paris. pp. 226–231.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* ↑ Laetitia de Witt, Le prince Victor Napoléon, ed. Fayard, p. 204
# 2012 Alps Tour

The 2012 Alps Tour was the 12th season of the Alps Tour, a third-tier golf tour recognised by the European Tour.

## Schedule

The following table lists official events during the 2012 season.
| Date | Tournament | Host country | Purse (€) | Winner | Other tours |
| 10 Feb | Open Palmeraie PGP | Morocco | 30,000 | Timothy O'Neal (1) | |
| 16 Feb | Open Samanah | Morocco | 30,000 | Matteo Delpodio (4) | |
| 28 Apr | Peugeot Alps de Barcelona | Spain | 48,000 | Pablo Larrazábal (1) | |
| 12 May | Servizitalia Lignano Open | Italy | 45,000 | Jack Senior (1) | |
| 20 May | Gösser Open | Austria | 40,000 | Brendan McCarroll (1) | |
| 26 May | LUMAR Slovenian Golf Open | Slovenia | 40,000 | Chris McDonnell (1) | |
| 3 Jun | Open de Saint François Guadeloupe | Guadeloupe | 50,000 | Jack Senior (2) | |
| 10 Jun | Casino Sanremo Open | Italy | 40,000 | Brendan McCarroll (2) | |
| 16 Jun | Alps de Andalucía | Spain | 48,000 | Jérôme Lando-Casanova (1) | |
| 24 Jun | Open du Haut Poitou | France | 40,000 | Sébastien Gros (1) | |
| 1 Jul | Open de la Mirabelle d'Or | France | 50,000 | Xavier Poncelet (1) | |
| 8 Jul | Flory Van Donck Trophy | Belgium | 45,000 | Hugues Joannes (1) | |
| 14 Jul | Montecchia Golf Open | Italy | 40,000 | Ross Kellett (1) | |
| 21 Jul | Peugeot Tour Alps de Madrid | Spain | 48,000 | Santiago Luna (2) | |
| 31 Aug | Valle d'Aosta Open | Italy | 50,000 | Thomas Fournier (2) | |
| 16 Sep | Open International de Normandie | France | 50,000 | Nicolas Joakimides (2) | |
| 22 Sep | Internorm Dolomiti Golf Open | Italy | 40,000 | Niccolo Quintarelli (1) | |
| 20 Oct | Castellón Alps Comunidad Valencia | Spain | 48,000 | Alfredo García-Heredia (1) | |
| 4 Nov | Masters 13 Allianz | France | 100,000 | Adrien Bernadet (1) | FRA |

## Order of Merit

The Order of Merit was based on tournament results during the season, calculated using a points-based system. The top five players on the Order of Merit (not otherwise exempt) earned status to play on the 2013 Challenge Tour.
| Position | Player | Points | Status earned |
| 1 | Gareth Shaw | 34,545 | Promoted to Challenge Tour |
| 2 | Thomas Fournier | 24,188 | Promoted to Challenge Tour |
| 3 | Jack Senior | 23,784 | Finished in Top 70 of Challenge Tour Rankings |
| 4 | Jérôme Lando-Casanova | 22,252 | Promoted to Challenge Tour |
| 5 | Ross Kellett | 22,169 | Promoted to Challenge Tour |
| 6 | Niccolo Quintarelli | 21,875 | Promoted to Challenge Tour |
| 7 | Brendan McCarroll | 21,847 | |
| 8 | Sébastien Gros | 17,585 | |
| 9 | Jesús Legarrea | 16,265 | |
| 10 | Thomas Linard | 15,905 | |
# Dudley Spade

Dudley Spade (born March 8, 1956) is a politician from the U.S. state of Michigan. He served as State Representative from the 57th district from 2005 to 2010. He is a Democrat. His district includes almost all of Lenawee County. Prior to becoming a State Representative, Spade was a child and family activist.

## Early life

Dudley Spade was born on a small farm in Hillsdale County, Michigan to Victor and Mirabel Spade. His father was a retired World War II veteran, and his mother was a teacher. His older brother, Doug, also served as a Representative from the 57th District despite being blind. Dudley Spade received his bachelor's degree in business and accounting from Eastern Michigan University. Spade spent 25 years as a child and family advocate, including 17 years as the controller of the Boysville of Michigan, a facility for troubled youth. In 1994, he received Michigan Federation of Private Child and Family Agencies' Peer Award for outstanding dedication in service to Michigan's families and children.

## Political career

Dudley Spade was elected to the Michigan House of Representatives in 2004. He is noted for introducing legislation to ban the sale of Marijuana-Flavored Candy in Michigan and amending the state's Deaf-Interpreter Act. Spade sats on the Appropriations Committee and chairs the Subcommittee on Human Services. He is also Chair of the Joint Committee on Administrative Rules.
Dudley succeeded his brother Doug in the 57th District, making them the first Democrats since 1914 to represent that area. In 2005 he was named as the "Visionary Freshman Legislator" by Michigan's Children, honored in 2006 by the Michigan Agri-Business Association as their "Legislator of the Year", and in 2007 was selected for that same honor by the Association of Independent Colleges."
Spade received criticism for supporting the closing of the Adrian Training School, a public girls juvenile detention facility. It was alleged that this act was a conflict of interest, as he continued to work closely with Boysville and Star Commonwealth, both private facilities. His brother had actively campaigned against closing the Adrian Training School during his term.
On November 4, 2008, Dudley Spade was re-elected for his third term with 68% of the vote.
After being term-limited, Spade was appointed to a position in the administration of Republican governor Rick Snyder

## Personal

Spade lives in Tipton with his wife Nancy. They have three children. He belongs to the First Presbyterian Church in Tecumseh, where Dudley used to serve as a deacon.
# Murdan, Faryab

Murdan (Persian: موردان) is a village in Zahmakan Rural District of Hur District, Faryab County, Kerman province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 831 in 220 households, when it was in Hur Rural District of the former Faryab District of Kahnuj County. The following census in 2011 counted 1,010 people in 282 households, by which time the district had been separated from the county in the establishment of Faryab County. The rural district was transferred to the new Hur District, and Murdan was transferred to Zahmakan Rural District created in the district. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 990 people in 300 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
# John Gillespie (Tennessee politician)

John Gillespie (born January 17, 1987) is an American politician. A Republican, he has represented the 97th District in the Tennessee House of Representatives since January 2021. Gillespie was re-elected in 2022.

## Career

Gillespie's professional career began in the world of finance. After working for two local banks in Tennessee, he transitioned into a position where he writes and researches grants for Trezevant Manor, a senior living facility in Memphis where his father is a member of the Board.
In 2023, Gillespie supported a resolution to expel two of three Democratic lawmakers from the legislature for violating decorum rules.

### Tennessee House of Representatives

Running in a contested primary election on August 6, 2020, Gillespie received the Republican Nomination for Representative of the 97th House District when he defeated Brandon Weise 78.3% (3,626 votes) to 21.7% (1,007 votes). Gillespie then faced Gabby Salinas in the General Election on November 3, 2020 which Gillespie won 50.8% (14,712 votes) to 49.2% (14,246 votes).
Legislation sponsored by Gillespie includes:
* House Bill 22 – Increases the penalty for drag racing from a Class B to a Class A misdemeanor.
* House Bill 549 – Allows families of deputy jailers who are killed in the line of duty to receive compensation.
* House Bill 628 – Funds services for victims of abuse, neglect, financial or sexual exploitation of elderly or vulnerable persons as well as educational programs to prevent such abuse, neglect or exploitation.
* House Bill 629 – Requires persons reporting known or suspected cases of abuse, neglect or exploitation of an adult to also notify the district attorney general in all such cases.
* House Bill 630 – Modifies the reporting requirements for the vulnerable adult protective investigative team’s annual report to the chairs of the House and Senate Judiciary Committees
* House Bill 718 – Enacts the “Safe Seniors Act of 2021,” taking dangerous individuals who abuse elderly and vulnerable populations off the streets.

## Activity as member of the 112th General Assembly

As a member of the 112th General Assembly, Gillespie is serving on the following committees:
* Member, Children and Family Affairs Subcommittee
* Member, Civil Justice Committee
* Member, Education Administration Committee
* Member, Finance, Ways, and Means Committee
* Member, Higher Education Subcommittee

## Personal life

Gillespie, the son of Elizabeth and Trow Gillespie, is a native of Memphis, Tennessee. His father is on the Board of Trezevant Manor in Memphis where Gillespie was working at the time of his election to the Tennessee House of Representatives. A graduate of High Point University in North Carolina, he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science. He is a longtime parishioner of Saint John's Episcopal Church.
# Xeralictus

Xeralictus is a genus of sweat bees in the family Halictidae. There are at least three described species in Xeralictus.

## Species

These three species belong to the genus Xeralictus:
* Xeralictus bicuspidariae Snelling & Stage, 1995
* Xeralictus biscuspidariae
* Xeralictus timberlakei Cockerell, 1927
# Thanjavur K. P. Sivanandam

Thanjavur K.P. Sivanandam (1917–2003) was a Carnatic veena player and also a descendant of the Tanjore Quartet.

## Early life

Sivanandam was born into a musical family as the second son of Thanjavur K. Ponniah Pillai, a scholar and musician. He received training in vocal music and Bharatanatyam from his grandfather, Pandanallur Meenakshisundaram Pillai, and his father. He studied veena under Vidwans Desamangalam Subrahmanya Iyer and Gomati Sankara Iyer. Sivanandam earned the Sangita Bhushanam degree from Annamalai University.

## Musical career

At 21, Sivanandam began his career as a lecturer in music at Annamalai University, where he taught for 11 years. He later joined the Tamil Nadu Government's Department of Music as a professor for two decades. In 1980, he founded the Swami Vipulananda Institute of Aesthetic Studies in Batticaloa, Sri Lanka, where he was Honorary Principal.

## Contributions and works

Sivanandam played a pivotal role in preserving traditional musical compositions. He wrote several influential works, including Natya Isai Karuvoolam, Thanjai Peruvudaiyan Perisai, and Adi Bharata Kala Manjari, which have become essential resources for students and practitioners of Carnatic music and Bharatanatyam.

## Awards

Sivanandam received several awards:
* Sangita Kalanidhi (1992) from the Madras Music Academy.
* Sangeet Natak Akademi Award (1980) from India's National Academy for Music, Dance, and Drama.
* Kalaimamani Award from the Tamil Nadu government.

## Personal life

He was married to Sarada Sivanandam, who was also a veena artist, and they have performed together. Sivanandam passed away on July 30, 2003.
# 2013 Alps Tour

The 2013 Alps Tour was the 13th season of the Alps Tour, a third-tier tour golf recognised by the European Tour.

## Schedule

The following table lists official events during the 2013 season.
| Date | Tournament | Host country | Purse (€) | Winner |
| 28 Feb | Red Sea Ein Bay Open | Egypt | 30,000 | Andrew Cooley (1) |
| 7 Mar | Red Sea Little Venice Open | Egypt | 30,000 | Andrew Cooley (2) |
| 6 Apr | Alps de Las Castillas | Spain | 48,000 | Raúl Quirós (1) |
| 3 May | Open International de Rebetz | France | 40,000 | Borja Etchart (1) |
| 19 May | Gösser Open | Austria | 40,000 | Brendan McCarroll (3) |
| 25 May | Umbria Open | Italy | 50,000 | Jesús Legarrea (1) |
| 1 Jun | Friuli Venezia Giulia Open Grado | Italy | 40,000 | Jason Palmer (2) |
| 8 Jun | Open de Saint François Region Guadeloupe | Guadeloupe | 45,000 | Sébastien Gros (2) |
| 14 Jun | Peugeot Open | Spain | 48,000 | Édouard España (1) |
| 23 Jun | Open de la Mirabelle d'Or | France | 45,000 | Steven Brown (1) |
| 20 Jul | Alps de Andalucía | Spain | 48,000 | Pol Bech (1) |
| 31 Aug | Cervino Open | Italy | 40,000 | Jason Palmer (3) |
| 7 Sep | Golf Asiago Open | Italy | 40,000 | Steven Brown (2) |
| 15 Sep | Citadelle Trophy International | France | 45,000 | Jason Palmer (4) |
| 22 Sep | Open du Haut Poitou | France | 40,000 | David Bobrowski (1) |
| 11 Oct | Sardegna Is Molas Open | Italy | 40,000 | Ben Evans (1) |
| 20 Oct | Masters 13 | France | 50,000 | Édouard España (2) |

## Order of Merit

The Order of Merit was based on tournament results during the season, calculated using a points-based system. The top five players on the Order of Merit (not otherwise exempt) earned status to play on the 2014 Challenge Tour.
| Position | Player | Points | Status earned |
| 1 | Jason Palmer | 36,660 | Promoted to Challenge Tour |
| 2 | Édouard España | 24,390 | Qualified for Challenge Tour (made cut in Q School) |
| 3 | Steven Brown | 20,696 | Promoted to Challenge Tour |
| 4 | Ben Evans | 19,537 | Qualified for Challenge Tour (made cut in Q School) |
| 5 | Lukas Nemecz | 19,326 | Promoted to Challenge Tour |
| 6 | Jesús Legarrea | 17,867 | Promoted to Challenge Tour |
| 7 | Thomas Linard | 15,438 | Promoted to Challenge Tour |
| 8 | Andrew Cooley | 15,415 | |
| 9 | Brendan McCarroll | 13,163 | |
| 10 | Uli Weinhandl | 12,086 | |
# Rafael Melo

Rafael Lucas Melo Chauvie (born 19 March 2000) is a Uruguayan footballer who plays as a right winger.

## Career
### Club career

After playing his youth years at Nacional, Melo moved to C.A. Progreso in January 2019. On 20 April 2019, Melo got his official debut for Progreso and professional debut, when he came in as a substitute for Alexander Rosso in the 86th minute against River Plate in the Uruguayan Primera División. Melo played a total of four league games for Progreso in the 2019 season.
Melo moved to Uruguayan Segunda División club Villa Española for the 2020 season. In his first season at the club, Melo made 14 league appearances and scored one goal. In 2021, Melo moved to Racing Club de Montevideo.
On 10 April 2022, Melo joined Uruguayan club Club Artigas until the end of the year.
# Poets and Murder

Poets and Murder is a gong'an detective novel written by Robert van Gulik and set in Imperial China (roughly speaking the Tang dynasty). It is a fiction based on the real character of Judge Dee (Ti Jen-chieh or Di Renjie), a magistrate and statesman of the Tang court, who lived roughly 630–700.
The book features eight illustrations by the author along with a detailed layout of the residence where the action takes place.
Poets and Murder was the last Judge Dee novel written by Robert van Gulik. He completed it just before his death from cancer in 1967. The book was published one year after his death.

## Plot introduction

Judge Dee is a magistrate in the fictional Poo-yang district, a wealthy area through which the Grand Canal of China runs (part of modern-day Jiangsu province). During the mid-autumn festival in the city of Chin-hwa, Judge Dee is a guest of a small group of distinguished scholars. However, he learns during dinner that a young girl has been murdered and the accused is a beautiful poet. She is thought to have whipped her maidservant to death. Then the body of a student is also discovered. The poet is based on Chinese courtesan and poet Yu Xuanji.
Poo-yang was the setting for many Judge Dee stories including: The Emperor's Pearl, The Chinese Bell Murders, Necklace and Calabash, and The Red Pavilion.
The book was also published in the US under the title of The Fox Magic Murders.

## Background

The case of the poet is based on a real case, concerning Yü Hsüan-chi.
# 2010 AFC Champions League knockout stage
## Bracket

Note: while the bracket below shows the entire knockout stage, the draw for the round of 16 matches was determined at the time of the group draw, and kept teams from East and West Asia completely separate for that round.
The draw for the quarter-finals and beyond was held separately, after the conclusion of the round of 16. Because of the country protection rule, if there are two clubs from the same country, they will not face each other in the quarter-finals. Therefore, the two clubs from Saudi Arabia may not be drawn with each other in the quarter-finals. However, the same rule does not apply if there are more than two clubs from the country. Therefore, the four clubs from the Korea Republic may be drawn against each other in the quarter-finals.
| Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Quarter-finals | Quarter-finals | Quarter-finals | Quarter-finals | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | | Final | Final | |
| Adelaide United | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Jeonbuk Motors (a.e.t.) | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Jeonbuk Motors (a.e.t.) | 3 | Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors | 0 | 1 | 1 | | | | | | | | |
| | | Al-Shabab | 2 | 0 | 2 | | | | | | | | |
| Al-Shabab | 3 | Al-Shabab | 2 | 0 | 2 | | | | | | | | |
| Esteghlal | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Esteghlal | 2 | | | | | Al-Shabab | 4 | 0 | 4 | | | | |
| | | | | | | Seongnam Ihwa (a) | 3 | 1 | 4 | | | | |
| Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma | 3 | | | | | | | | | Seongnam Ihwa (a) | 3 | 1 | 4 | | |
| Gamba Osaka | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Gamba Osaka | 0 | Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma | 4 | 0 | 4 | | | | | | | | |
| | | Suwon Samsung Bluewings | 1 | 2 | 3 | | | | | | | | |
| Suwon Samsung Bluewings | 2 | Suwon Samsung Bluewings | 1 | 2 | 3 | | | | | | | | |
| Beijing Guoan | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Beijing Guoan | 0 | | | | | | | | | | Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma | 3 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | Zob Ahan | 1 | |
| Zob Ahan | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Zob Ahan | 1 |
| Mes Kerman | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Mes Kerman | 0 | Zob Ahan | 2 | 1 | 3 | | | | | | | | |
| | | Pohang Steelers | 1 | 1 | 2 | | | | | | | | |
| Kashima Antlers | 0 | Pohang Steelers | 1 | 1 | 2 | | | | | | | | |
| Pohang Steelers | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Pohang Steelers | 1 | | | | | Zob Ahan | 1 | 1 | 2 | | | | |
| | | | | | | Al-Hilal | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | |
| Al-Hilal | 3 | | | | | | | | | Al-Hilal | 0 | 0 | 0 | | |
| Bunyodkor | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Bunyodkor | 0 | Al-Hilal (a.e.t.) | 3 | 2 | 5 | | | | | | | | |
| | | Al-Gharafa | 0 | 4 | 4 | | | | | | | | |
| Al-Gharafa | 1 | Al-Gharafa | 0 | 4 | 4 | | | | | | | | |
| Pakhtakor | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Round of 16

The draw for the round of 16 of the 2010 AFC Champions League was held on 7 December 2009, along with the draw for the group stage.

### East Asia
## Quarter-finals
### Second leg

Zob Ahan won 3–2 on aggregate.
Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma won 4–3 on aggregate.
Al-Hilal won 5–4 on aggregate.
Al-Shabab won 2–1 on aggregate.

## Semi-finals
### Second leg

4–4 on aggregate. Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma won on away goals.
Zob Ahan won 2–0 on aggregate.
# Tom George

Thomas George (born December 2, 1956) is an American physician and politician from the U.S. state of Michigan. As a Republican member of the Michigan State Senate, he represented Kalamazoo County as well as an eastern portion of Van Buren County. George is a physician and former medical director for Hospice of Greater Kalamazoo. He is currently the co-chairman of the Department of Anesthesiology at Western Michigan University's Homer Stryker School of Medicine.

## Education

George studied biology at the University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts. He was a recipient of the William J. Branstrom Freshman Prize and was a six-term James B. Angell scholar. He entered the University of Michigan Medical School at the end of his junior year. He completed a post graduate residency in anesthesiology at the University of Michigan. After his political career he returned to work as an anesthesiologist in Kalamazoo. He was awarded his bachelor's degree from the University of Michigan in 2010.

## Political career

In 2000, George was elected to serve as a member of the Michigan State House of Representatives, representing the 61st district. After serving one term in the state house, George cast his bid for a newly vacant seat in the Michigan Senate in 2002. George was reelected to the senate in 2006, in a campaign against Democratic challenger and term-limited state representative Alexander Lipsey. From 2007-2010 George served as chairman of the Senate Health Policy Committee. While serving in the legislature he authored over forty public acts. In 2010, while attending a commencement address given by President Barack Obama for Kalamazoo Central High School's graduation, a man in the audience collapsed and George initiated CPR. The man was successfully resuscitated and taken to a nearby hospital.

### 2010 gubernatorial race

On January 26, 2009, on the 172nd anniversary of Michigan's statehood, George announced his plans to form a gubernatorial exploratory committee. In 2010 Michigan's current governor Jennifer Granholm was term limited, leaving the seat open to contenders.
George joined Mike Bouchard, the Oakland County Sheriff and former state senator, Businessman Rick Snyder, Congressman Peter Hoekstra and Michigan Attorney General Mike Cox as 2010 Republican gubernatorial candidates. The Republican primary election was won by Snyder.

## Publications

George is a past-president of the Historical Society of Michigan and has authored articles on various topics including Abraham Lincoln's 1855 US Senate race, Lincoln's 1856 visit to Kalamazoo, Illinois' Canal Scrip and Macalister-Stebbins Bond Frauds, Kalamazoo history, and the history of the Michigan Republican Party.