OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Giannis Alexoulis

Giannis Alexoulis (Greek: Γιάννης Αλεξούλης; born 22 April 1964) is a former Greek football player.

## Career

He joined Larissa in 1982 from youth team, and stayed with the team until 1989, at which time he transferred to PAOK. He played with PAOK until 1992, when he returned to Larissa, He joined Ialysos the last team in his professional career, in 1996.

## Personal

His daughter is the long jumper Haido Alexouli.

## Honours

AEL Larissa
* Greek Championship: 1988
* Greek Cup: 1985
# Chris Hurt

Chris Hurt (born July 5, 1972) is an American politician. A Republican, he represents District 82, which contains parts of Lauderdale, Haywood, and Crockett counties, in the Tennessee House of Representatives.

## Biography

Chris Hurt attended Halls High School in Halls, Tennessee, and received a Bachelor of Science from Lambuth University. He was a teacher and the head football coach at Halls High School from 2000 to 2014. He is also a real estate broker.
Hurt was first elected to the Tennessee House of Representatives in 2018. He serves on the Commerce Committee, Business Subcommittee, Education Committee, Higher Education Subcommittee, Transportation Committee, and Infrastructure Subcommittee.
In 2023, Hurt supported a resolution to expel three Democratic lawmakers from the legislature for violating decorum rules. The expulsion was widely characterized as unprecedented.

## Political positions

Hurt self-identifies as a conservative Republican. He self identifies as "100% pro-life". He opposes same-sex marriage, and supports gun rights. He opposes illegal immigration and sanctuary cities.
In February 2022, Hurt introduced a bill, HB 254, that would designate "a person who has been issued an enhanced handgun carry permit" as a member of law enforcement. A similar bill, SB 2523, was introduced in the state senate by Joey Hensley. A Hensley spokesperson said the bill would only allow someone to carry a gun where the police can. The Tennessee State Lodge for the Fraternal Order of Police said that it is "adamantly opposed" to the bill.

## Personal life

Hurt is married to Dawn Hurt, and they have five children. He attends First Baptist Church in Halls.
# Manuru

Manuru is a village in the Eluru district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in the Eluru mandal of the Eluru revenue division.

## Demographics

As of 2011 Census of India, Manuru had a population of 927. The total population constitute, 462 males and 465 females with a sex ratio of 1006 females per 1000 males. 116 children are in the age group of 0–6 years with child sex ratio of 871 girls per 1000 boys. The average literacy rate stands at 58.57 %.
# Arthur Heyne

Arthur Heyne (born 25 August 1946) is a German rower. He competed in the men's double sculls event at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
# Battle of Basarke

The Battle of Basarke, also known as Battle of Basarke and Hujra Shah was fought on 23 October 1736 between the Sikh forces led by Nawab Kapur Singh and the Mughal forces led by Lakhpat Rai.

## Background

Before the fall of 1735, Zakariya Khan, the Subahdar of Lahore sent a force and occupied a Jagir. Buddha Dal was driven away towards the Malwa region by Lakhpat Rai, the Diwan of Zakariya Khan. The Buddha Dal was welcomed by Ala Singh, the leader of the Phulkian Misl. The presence of the Dal proved a great opportunity for him, because with Buddha Dal's help, he was able to extend his territory and annex the whole of Sunam. After punishing the governor of Sirhind, Nawab Kapur Singh led the Sikhs back to the Majha to celebrate Diwali at Amritsar.

## Battle

When the Sikhs were at Basarke, they were attacked by an army numbering 7,000 under the command of Lakhpat Rai. They were defeated and forced to retreat. The next morning when the Buddha Dal reached near Khemkaran, it was joined by Taruna Dal. Reinforcements numbering around 10,000 more troops joined the Muaghl army at Basarke. A battle was fought at Hujra Shah Muqeem near Lahore in which the Sikhs came out on top and defeated the Mughals. In this battle, thousands of troops along with Mukhlas Khan, a son of Jaspat Rai, Duni Chand and two famous faujdars named Jamal Khan and Tatar Khan lost their lives.

## Aftermath

After this battle, the Lahore government committed actions against all Sikhs. They took possession of the Golden Temple at Amritsar and the Sikhs were prevented from coming to the temple. It was made unlawful to shelter the Sikhs or help them in any way as well.
# William Josiah MacDonald

William Josiah MacDonald (November 17, 1873 – March 29, 1946) was a politician from the U.S. state of Michigan.
MacDonald was born in Potosi, Wisconsin. He attended the common schools and graduated from the high school at Fairmont, Minnesota. He attended the University of Minnesota at Minneapolis and Georgetown Law School in Washington, D.C. He was admitted to the bar and commenced practice at Calumet, Michigan in 1895. He served as prosecuting attorney for Keweenaw County from 1898 to 1904 and prosecuting attorney for Houghton County from 1906 to 1912. In 1911, he was an unsuccessful candidate for circuit judge in the 12th District of Michigan.
In 1912, MacDonald ran as a candidate for the Progressive Party against incumbent Republican H. Olin Young to the United States House of Representatives from the Michigan's 12th congressional district. Although unofficial returns showed that MacDonald had won the seat, some votes were not included in the official count by the state board of canvassers due to a mistake in how MacDonald's name appeared on the ballot in Ontonagon County. H. Olin Young presented credentials as a Member-elect to the 63rd United States Congress and served from March 4, 1913, until his resignation, effective May 16, 1913, while a contest for the seat was pending. Subsequently, the House Committee on Elections unanimously reported a resolution to the full house awarding the 12th District seat to MacDonald, who took the oath of office August 26, 1913 and served until March 3, 1915. In 1914 and again in 1916, MacDonald lost to Republican William F. James. MacDonald and Roy O. Woodruff (10th district) were the only two Michigan residents elected to the U.S. House from the Progressive Party.
MacDonald resumed the practice of law in Springfield, Illinois in 1917. He moved to East St. Louis, Illinois in 1922 and engaged in the practice of his profession. William J. MacDonald died in Chicago and was interred in Graceland Cemetery, Chicago.
# Giannis Andrianopoulos

Giannis Andrianopoulos (Greek: Γιάννης Ανδριανόπουλος; 1900 – 6 November 1952) was a Greek footballer and one of the founding members of Greece's most successful football club, Olympiacos CFP.

## Club career

Born in Piraeus, Greece, Andrianopoulos began his career at the age of 18, playing for local club Peiraikos Syndesmos. There, he earned his first taste of success, winning an unofficial Greek Championship in 1923. Peiraikos Syndesmos merged with Peiraiki Enosis in January 1924 and the Athletic and Football Club of Piraeus was formed. Andrianopoulos was part of the new team and helped them win the 1924 Athens-Piraeus championship.

## Olympiacos

The same year around autumn, the new club split in two different squads: One team, led by the Andrianopoulos brothers and goalkeeper Kostas Klidouchakis, formed Olympiacos Omilos, which evolved into Olympiacos; the other, led by Kostas Ferlemis, Christos Peppas and Giorgos Chatziandreou merged, with an independent club named "Young Boys" to form Peiraikos Omilos, which in turn evolved into Ethnikos Piraeus.
Following a series of mergers between other Piraeus and Athens based clubs, as well as an Athens football Championship, Andrianopoulos and his brothers went on to create Olympiacos in March 1925. Giannis, Georgios, Konstantinos and Vasilios, Leonidas went on to make the newly formed Piraeus Club famous throughout Greece. Two other brothers, Aristides and Stelios Andrianopoulos, were playing in other Piraeus football clubs.
Giannis Andrianopoulos was the oldest of seven brothers who, like him, would go on to become famous footballers in the Olympiacos' ranks. As a result, Yiannis and his brothers earned Olympiacos the name Thrylos meaning "Legend" in Greek, a nickname which the club carries to this day. Giannis was certainly the brother who made the biggest impact towards the club, even becoming a player-coach; Olympiacos' first coach, from 1925 until 1927. In 1929, he retired from football, and became Olympiacos' president for 3 years.

## International

Andrianopoulos played for the national side for the 1920 Olympic Games. His brother Giorgos was a member of the team too. His brothers at Olympiacos also played for Greece in 1929 and 1930.

## Honours

* Olympiacos First Manager
* Olympic Football Tournament Final
* President of Olympiacos (1929–1932)
* President of E.P.S.P & Hellenic Football Federation
# G. A. Hardaway

Goffrey A. 'G. A.' Hardaway, Sr. (born June 18, 1954) is an American politician and a Democratic member of the Tennessee House of Representatives representing District 93 since January 2013. Hardaway served consecutively from his special election March 13, 2007, until January 8, 2013, in the District 92 seat.

## Education

Hardaway holds a BS in finance from DePaul University.

## Elections

* 2012 Redistricted to District 93, Hardaway faced fellow Representative Mike Kernell in the August 2, 2012 Democratic Primary, winning with 2,927 votes (61.0%), and was unopposed for the November 6, 2012 General election, winning with 16,126 votes.
* 2007 When District 92 Democratic Representative Henri Brooks resigned and left her seat open, Hardaway was unopposed for the January 25, 2007 Democratic Primary, winning with 623 votes, and won the March 13, 2007 General special election with 1,405 votes (58.1%) against Republican nominee Richard Morton.
* 2008 Hardaway was challenged in the August 7, 2008 Democratic Primary, winning with 4,032 votes (73.3%), and was unopposed for the November 4, 2008 General election, winning with 14,819 votes.
* 2010 Hardaway was unopposed for both the August 5, 2010 Democratic Primary, winning with 5,579 votes, and won the November 2, 2010 General election with 8,254 votes.
# Jean Winder

Florence "Jean" May Winder (1909-2006) (née Hayward) was the first woman to hold a permanent post as a parliamentary reporter for Hansard, the official record of debate in the Houses of Parliament in the UK. Appointed in 1944, she pushed for equal pay for women reporters and achieved this in 1953. She then became the first woman to make a speech at a Press Gallery dinner. She retired in 1960.

## Early life

Florence May Hayward, known as "Jean", was born in Stockwell, London on 23 April 1907. Her parents managed pubs around south London until her father's death in 1913. Hayward trained as a secretary at Hettie Craig-Kelly's secretarial college in Moorgate, London. Craig-Kelly picked Hayward to accompany her on the Royal Commission to the West Indies with the Moyne Commission in 1938–9.
Hayward married Lieutenant Ralph Spearing Winder on 4 October 1940 in London but was widowed when he died on active service in 1941.

## Parliamentary career

On 18 January 1944, Florence Winder was appointed as a temporary reporter for the House of Commons' Hansard. The editor, Percy Cole, made it clear he had only appointed a woman as there were no men available. The following year, in November 1945, she was made permanent, with Cole admitting she was a "capable and efficient" reporter. By 1947, he was citing her as an example of good work when giving evidence to a Select Committee. Winston Churchill described her as "a shorthand writer's dream".
Her initial salary, in 1944, was £400. After becoming permanent, she was placed on a salary scale of £450-600. The equivalent men's salary was £560-700. From 1951, when she had reached the top of her scale, she campaigned to receive equal pay to the men. She was supported in her campaign by Douglas Clifton-Brown and Irene Ward. The latter raised Winder's case in the House of Commons in a debate on Equal Pay in 1951 as well as writing many letters demanding equal pay. The Treasury, who set the pay scales, finally equalised Winder's pay with the men in 1951. She resigned in 1960, just before remarrying, and there were no further women reporters for Hansard until 1968.

## Later life

On 14 May 1960, Winder married Jack Hawke, the parliamentary correspondent for the Daily Telegraph and chairman of the Parliamentary Press Gallery. On Hawke's retirement, the couple moved to Devon. Hawke died in 1998, and Winder died of old age on 26 December 2005 in Dawlish.
# Constantine Opos

Constantine Opos (Ancient Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Ὤπος) can refer to:
* Constantine Opos (catepan), Byzantine Catepan of Italy in 1033–1038
* Constantine Opos (megas doux), Byzantine general in the reign of Alexios I Komnenos (1081–1118)
# Local hormone

Local hormones are a large group of signaling molecules that do not circulate within the blood. Local hormones are produced by nerve and gland cells and bind to either neighboring cells or the same type of cell that produced them. Local hormones are activated and inactivated quickly. They are released during physical work and exercise. They mainly control smooth and vascular muscle dilation. Strength of response is dependent upon the concentration of receptors of target cell and the amount of ligand ( the specific local hormone).
Eicosanoids (ī′kō-să-noydz; eicosa = twenty, eidos = formed) are a primary type of local hormone. These local hormones are polyunsaturated fatty acid derivatives containing 20 carbon atoms and fatty acids derived from phospholipids in the cell membrane or from diet. Eicosanoids initiate either autocrine stimulation or paracrine stimulation. There are two main types of eicosanoids: prostaglandins and leukotrienes, which initiate either autocrine stimulation or paracrine stimulation. Eicosanoids are the result of a ubiquitous pathway which first produces arachidonic acid, and then the eicosanoid product.
Prostaglandins are the most diverse category of eicosanoids and are thought to be synthesized in most tissues of the body. This type of local hormone stimulates pain receptors and increases the inflammatory response. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs stop the formation of prostaglandins, thus inhibiting these responses.
Leukotrienes are a type of eicosanoids that are produced in leukocytes and function in inflammatory mediation.
Paracrines (para- = beside or near) are local hormones that act on neighboring cells. This type of signaling involves the secretion of paracrine factors, which travel a short distance in the extracellular environment to affect nearby cells. These factors can be excitatory or inhibitory. There are a few families of factors that are very important in embryo development including fibroblast growth factor secreted them.
Juxtacrines (juxta = near) are local hormones that require close contact and act on either the cell which emitted them or on adjacent cells.

## Classification

According to structural and functional similarity, many local hormones fall into either the gastrin or the secretin family.

## Gastrin family

The Gastrin family is a group of peptides evolutionarily similar in structure and function. Commonly synthesized in antroduodenal G-cells. Regulate gastric function along with gastric acid secretion and mucosal growth.
* Gastrin
* Cholecystokinin (CCK)

## Secretin family

The Secretin family are peptides that act as local hormones which regulate activity of G-protein coupled receptors. Most often found in the pancreas and the intestines. Secretin was discovered in 1902 by E. H. Starling. It was later linked to chemical regulation and was the first substance to be deemed a hormone.
* Secretin
* Glucagon
* Glicentin (GLI)
* Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
* Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP)

## Others

* Motilin
* Neurotensin
* Substance P
* Somatostatin
* Bombesin
* Serotonin
* Angiotensin
* Nitric Oxide
* Kinins
* Histamine
# Cymbiodyta bifidus

Cymbiodyta bifida is a species of hydrophilid beetle. The species was formerly the sole member of the genus Helocombus.

## Description

Adult size ranges from 5.5 to 7.8 millimetres (0.22 to 0.31 in) in length. Their maxillary palpi are long and slender with the last segment shorter than the preceding segment and the pseudobasal segment concave inwardly. There is a pyramidal projection medially on the mesosternum, and the elytra have distinct striations. The middle and hind tarsi have four segments, while tarsal claws have a basal tooth in both males and females.
The antennae on larvae have basal segments that are slightly shorter of subequal to the remaining segments, with sensorium on the apex of segment 2. The labroclypeus has several smaller central teeth and two larger teeth on each side. The mandibles are symmetrical, and both have two inner teeth. Larvae also have well-developed legs, and the ligula is subequal to the length of the first palpal segment.

## Distribution

Cymbiodyta bifida ranges across much of eastern North America from Labrador south to central Florida and west to the Great Plains. It has been collected from pond and lake habitats containing emergent vegetation, such as sedges, as well as in slow moving streams.
# August Klingler

August Klingler (24 February 1918 – 23 November 1944) was a German international footballer.
He scored six goals in only five matches for the Germany national team in the midst of the Second World War. He scored three goals in Germany's final international during World War II in November 1942, but was killed on the Eastern Front in 1944.
# Yi Fuxian

Yi Fuxian (易富贤) is a Chinese demographer and obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) researcher at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and author of the 2007 book Big Country with an Empty Nest, which criticised China's birth policies. The book was banned in mainland China from the time of publication until 2013, when a Chinese government press published a new edition and promoted the book.
In 2019, Yi claimed that China's population had already started declining with a total fertility rate (TFR) of only 1.1, when the official projections were still at 1.8. Furthermore, Yi has estimated that China's population is only 1.28 billion, instead of the 1.41 billion the government claims.
# Johann Sperber

Johann Sperber was Master of Waldau, near Kassel. He unexpectedly appeared on October 23, 1526, Tuesday, when the Synod of Homberg was on the point of closing. He made an attempt to justify the invocation of Mary, the mother of Jesus Christ, by the Angelical salutation in the first chapter of Luke.
* This German biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Giannis Gitsioudis

Giannis Gitsioudis (Greek: Γιάννης Γκιτσιούδης; born 17 March 1962) is a former Greek footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

## Career

Gitsioudis joined Iraklis Thessaloniki F.C. in July 1981, and played four seasons for the club in the Alpha Ethniki, before joining PAOK F.C. in July 1985. He played the next seven seasons for PAOK in the Alpha Ethniki.
Gitsioudis made five appearances for the Greece national football team from 1988 to 1989.
# Rusty Grills

Russell Jackson "Rusty" Grills (born October 1, 1981) is an American politician from the state of Tennessee. A Republican, Grills has represented the 77th district of the Tennessee House of Representatives, covering Dyer, Lake, and Obion Counties along the Mississippi River, since 2020.

## Career

In July 2019, Republican Bill Sanderson resigned from the 77th district of the Tennessee House of Representatives, and fellow Republican Casey Hood was appointed to the seat. Grills, then a farmer and a Dyer County Commissioner, announced he would run against Hood in the November special primary election for the remainder of Sanderson's term. In a four-candidate race, Grills convincingly ousted Hood with 56% of the vote, and went on to easily win the December general election over Democrat Michael Smith and three independents. Grills assumed office on January 14, 2020.
Grills served on conservative grassroots advisory council advocating for Tennessee Governor Bill Lee.
In 2023, Grills supported a resolution to expel three Democratic lawmakers from the legislature for violating decorum rules. The expulsion was widely characterized as unprecedented.

## Personal life

Grills lives in Newbern with his wife, Christina "Christi" Marie née Bennett Grills (a registered nurse), and their two children. Grills was homeschooled.
# E-mentoring

E-mentoring is a means of providing a guided mentoring relationship using online software or email. It allows participants to communicate at their own convenience and beyond time zones since it eliminates the need for them to be in the same physical location. Its programs are often developed to enhance morale, increase productivity, and promote career development.

## Background

The body of literature describes the main component of e-mentoring as the mentor and mentee. The first serves as the counselor, adviser, tutor, trainer and facilitator while the mentee, which is referred to as the learner, trainee, student, and tyro, among others, is the learner with less experience. He can be a student or a teacher or anyone who wants to be more sophisticated in terms of personal or professional growth. This type of mentoring relationship is said to be most successful when conducted during a transitional period on the life of the mentee (e.g. during an application to a university for admission, career decision-making).

## Early e-mentoring

E-mentoring stemmed from mentoring programs with the invention of the Internet, and began to gain popularity around 1993. First used for programs connecting schoolchildren with business people, e-mentoring is now popular throughout the US, the UK, and some parts of Europe.
Many early e-mentoring programs used email communication to link mentors and mentees. Telephone communication was also occasionally used, known as tele-mentoring. One of the first e-mentoring programs was developed in Canada in 1990, where teachers from schools in British Columbia were given online support and training by experienced peers. The teachers and peers never met in a face-to-face context.

## Web-based e-mentoring

Modern e-mentoring projects tend to rely on web-based solutions, particularly if children are involved. Online software allows both mentors and mentees to log into a secure online environment where they can converse under supervision of moderators and coordinators.

## E-mentoring technologies

E-mentoring can retain the face to face interaction by utilizing video chat services, such as FaceTime, Google Hangouts, Skype, Zoom, video chat through Facebook, etc. Web-based videoconferencing platforms can also be developed and customized according to the needs being catered by the e-mentoring system. It can be deployed as a one-on-one platform or a system that can be used by multiple users at the same. These are usually classified into three: Desktop/personal system; small group/midlevel; and, telepresence.

## Controversy and debate

Online mentoring is occasionally compared unfavorably with face to face mentoring. The medium limits the ability to pick up on visual or social clues, makes immediate feedback difficult, and can often be seen as impersonal.