OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Amani Abeid Karume

Amani Abeid Karume (born 1 November 1948) is a Tanzanian politician, the former president of Zanzibar. He held the office from 8 November 2000 to 3 November 2010. He is the son of Zanzibar's first president, Abeid Karume, and a member of the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) PARTY. Currently, he is the Chancellor of Mbeya University of Science and Technology (MUST).

## Early life and career

A Muslim born in 1948, Karume was schooled at the Lumumba Secondary School until 1969 when he became an accountant. During the 1970s he held various positions in the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar including Chief Treasurer (1970–1971), Principal Secretary in the Ministry of Finance (1971–1974), Principal Secretary in the Ministry of Planning (1974–1978), and Principal Secretary in the Ministry of Communications and Transport (1978–1980).
During the 1980s, he worked as a private consultant for a British-based business in Zanzibar. Karume returned to government and politics in 1990 when he was elected to the Zanzibar House of Representatives from the Raha Leo constituency. In 1995, he was re-elected to that position in multiparty polls.

## Political career

He entered politics in 1990, running for Raha Leo constituency as a Zanzibar Member of Parliament. He was thereafter nominated as the Minister of Trade from 1990-1995 by President Salmin Amour. In 1995, he was re-elected for the same constituency and thereafter nominated as the Minister of Communication and Transportation.
Karume, running as CCM presidential candidate for Zanzibar, won 67.04% of the vote in an October 2000 election marred by irregularities and criticized by international observers (although polling on mainland Tanzania was generally praised). The controversy on the elections led to massive demonstrations, particularly in the island of Pemba where police opened fire on demonstrators, killing thirteen people.
He was re-elected in the 30 October 2005 election, winning 53.18% of the vote, in another contested election with many irregularities according to the Zanzibar Electoral Commission. Karume is married and is the father of six adult children. He is fluent in Swahili and English.
In late 2009, after the years of reconciliation efforts between CCM and CUF under the framework of "Muafaka" failing, President Karume initiated peace talks with his counterpart, Seif Sharif Hamad of the Civic United Front, CUF. It was the first time in the history of "democratic politics" of Zanzibar where the two leaders held dialogue to seek out a long lasting peace solution for the isles. The two leaders provided the opportunity to the Zanzibar people to decide on their future destiny and through a referendum conducted in July 2010, the Zanzibari people voted YES to a government of National unity. In Nov 2010, after the first internationally declared peaceful and fair democratic elections, President Amani Karume stepped down, handing over to President Ali Mohamed Shein from the triumphant CCM party.

## Honours and awards

| University | Country | Degree | Year |
| Hubert Kairuki Memorial University | Tanzania | Doctor of Science | 2010 |
# Primrose Lane

"Primrose Lane" is a song made famous by country music singer Jerry Wallace. Originally released in 1959, the song rose to number 8 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song was ranked #47 on Billboard magazine's Top Hot 100 songs of 1959.

## Background

In the song, the singer appears to be serenading his love as they stroll down the street and claiming "life's a holiday" with her.

## Chart performance

| Chart (1959) | Peak position |
| U.S. Billboard Hot 100 | 8 |

## Cover versions

* "Supper-club Soul" singer O.C. Smith remade the song in 1970, scoring a modest hit. The record reached #86 pop, #4 Easy Listening on the Billboard charts.

## Popular culture

* In 1971, "Primrose Lane" became the theme song of the ABC drama The Smith Family, sung by producer Don Fedderson's son, Mike Minor.
# Alan Earle

Alan Earle (born 1 September 1959) is a competitive pistol shooter from New Zealand.
At the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur he won a silver medal in the men's 25 metre rapid fire pistol pairs event, partnering Jason Wakeling.
At the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi he won a silver medal in the men's 25 metre rapid fire pistol pairs event, partnering Greg Yelavich.
He also competed at the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester and the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne.
# Maurice Marquet

Maurice Allan Marquet (born 3 February 1954, in Christchurch) is a former field hockey player from New Zealand, who was a member of the national team that finished seventh at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.
Marquet grew up in Christchurch and played hockey, always as a goalkeeper, for a variety of clubs. He moved to Auckland in 1976 and played for their provincial team. He first represented New Zealand in hockey in 1977. He was chosen to represent New Zealand at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. Both he and his wife were teachers and in 1981, they moved to Lawrence for employment reasons. The intention was to join a hockey club in Dunedin some 90 kilometres (56 mi) away. Shortly after he announced his retirement over injury concerns, though.
By mid-1982, Marquet played for Otago's provincial team, announcing that he had overcome his injury concerns. By September 1982, Marquet was back in the national team. By November 1982, he had applied for teaching positions at three Canterbury schools. By mid-1983, Marquet still played for Otago but had another knee injury.
In May 1984, Marquet—still playing for Otago—was selected for the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.
# Piss On Pity

"Piss On Pity" is a rallying cry for those in the disability-inclusive circles of world politics. It has primarily been deployed in protest of charities that fundraise by portraying disabled people as burdensome and helpless. The phrase first appeared on T-shirts, alongside other confrontation slogans such as "Blinded and Crippled by Tragic Disease."

## Etymology

The term was likely coined by folk musician, poet, and disabled rights' activist Alan Holdsworth (stage name: Johnny Crescendo) who regularly relies on vulgarity and bold statements in his protest art.

## History

"Piss On Pity" was first deployed during the 1990 and 1992 Block Telethon protests outside of ITV Studios in the United Kingdom, in which disabled rights activists attempted to prevent the fundraiser from being televised. The slogan was printed on t-shirts and thousands were sold. The protest successfully platformed the activists and their critiques, which included the poor representation of disabled folks, as well as their removal from the conversation. Rather than donations to private charity, activists wanted to be seen and included in society on their own terms.
According to its proponents, the implication of the slogan is that pity, while seeming to be a positive, helpful emotion, actually is derogatory. According to them, it is based in conscious or unconscious aversion to disabled people and the ableism that that aversion consciously or unconsciously represents. According to Barbara Lisicki, an organizer of the Block Telethon protests, on the BBC show Network in 1989, "If you make a disabled person an object of charity, you're not going to see them as your equal."

## Legacy

"Piss on Pity" was the title of an exhibition by disabled artists, that took place in Wakefield, UK, in 2019. Their artwork reflected the antipathy of the disabled people's movement towards charity. The exhibition showed disabled artists challenging the widespread idea that charity is a force wholly for good.
"Piss on Pity" is the title of a 2013 album of the works of Johnny Crescendo and collaborator Ian Stanton, who both have use music to platform critiques from their experience, as well as other disability activists.
# Mark Treffers

Mark Ferdinand Treffers (born 16 December 1953) is a former swimming representative from New Zealand and 1974 Commonwealth Games gold medalist who specialised in long distance freestyle and medley races.
He was born in Invercargill and was taught to swim at the Waverly Swimming Club before moving to Christchurch to train at the Wharenui Swim Club under legendary New Zealand coach Pic Parkhouse.

## Commonwealth Games

At the 1970 British Commonwealth Games held in Edinburgh, he won the bronze medal in the 1500 m freestyle in a time of 16:44.69.
At the 1974 British Commonwealth Games held in Christchurch, he won the gold medal in the men's 400m Individual Medley on the same day fellow New Zealander and Wharenui team-mate Jaynie Parkhouse won a gold medal in the 800m Freestyle. Treffers would go on to claim a silver medal in the men's 1500m Freestyle, his main race, as he become just the seventh man in history to break 16 minutes finishing behind Australian Stephen Holland.

## Olympic Games

He competed at both the 1972 and 1976 Summer Olympics with his best result being 6th place in the 1500 m at the 1972 Munich Olympic Games.

## British Championship

Despite being from New Zealand he won the 'Open' British Championship over 880 yards freestyle and the 1970 1650 yards freestyle title.

## Personal life

Treffers studied law at the University of Canterbury while training for the Commonwealth Games before becoming a lawyer in Australia after retiring from swimming.
Mark's son Ben Treffers represented Australia in swimming, winning a gold medal in the 50m Backstroke at the 2014 Glasgow Commonwealth Games.
Mark Treffers Drive in New Brighton and Treffers Road in Wigram are named after him.
# Political base

In politics, a candidate or party's base or core support refers to the voters who support them for elected office based on core values. On the left-right political spectrum, left-leaning bases tend to be liberal while right-leaning bases tend to be conservative. In the United States, high-level candidates must hold the same stances on key issues as a party's base in order to gain the party's nomination and thus be guaranteed ballot access. In the case of legislative elections, base voters often prefer to support their party's candidate against an otherwise appealing opponent in order to strengthen their party's chances of gaining a majority in the legislature.
# Lee Jae-kyoo

Lee Jae-kyoo (born October 7, 1970) is a South Korean television and film director. Lee directed the television series, Damo (2003), Fashion 70's (2005), Beethoven Virus (2008), The King 2 Hearts (2012) and All of Us Are Dead (2022), as well as the films The Influence (2010), The Fatal Encounter (2014) and Intimate Strangers (2018).

## Filmography
### Television
#### As assistant director

* See and See Again (MBC, 1998–1999)
* Kuk-hee (MBC, 1999)
* Ajumma (MBC, 2000–2001)

#### As director

* Damo (MBC, 2003)
* Fashion 70's (SBS, 2005)
* Beethoven Virus (MBC, 2008)
* The King 2 Hearts (MBC, 2012)
* All of Us Are Dead (Netflix, 2022)
* Daily Dose of Sunshine (Netflix, 2023)

#### As producer

* Trap (OCN, 2019)

### Film
#### As director

* The Night Before the Strike (1990)
* The Influence (2010)
* The Fatal Encounter (2014)
* Intimate Strangers (2018)

## Awards

* 2004 Baeksang Arts Awards: Best New Director (TV) (Damo)
* 2008 MBC Drama Awards: Special Award in TV, Director (Beethoven Virus)
# Discalis

Discalis is a genus of extinct vascular plants of the Early Devonian (Pragian or Siegenian stage, around 411 to 408 million years ago). The name is derived from the Greek δίσκος, referring to the disc-shaped sporangia (spore-forming organs). The genus was first described by Hao in 1989 based on fossil specimens from the Posongchong Formation, Wenshan district, Yunnan, China.

## Description

The leafless sporophyte of D. longistipa consisted of creeping stems (axes) up to 5 millimetres (0.20 in) in diameter with many K- or H-shaped branches as well as upturned or trailing stems, slightly smaller in diameter, which also branched. All stems had irregularly arranged multicellular spines up to 2.5 millimetres (0.098 in) long with expanded tips. The stems which did not bear sporangia had coiled (circinnate) tips. Fertile stems bore disc-shaped sporangia laterally on stalks up to 5 mm long, forming open spikes. The sporangia, which were about 3.7 millimetres (0.15 in) in diameter, had spines like the stems, and split (dehisced) along their margin to release the trilete spores, which were 30–50 micrometres (0.0012–0.0020 in) in diameter. Vascular tissue was present in the stems, with tracheids having annular, spiral thickenings.
D. longistipa somewhat resembles Sawdonia, but differs in branching pattern and in the arrangement of the sporangia, including their long stalks.

## Phylogeny

The evolutionary relationship between spines in early plants and the small leaves ('lycophylls') of later lycopsids (club-mosses and allies) has been much discussed. Hao considered that the spines of Discalis could be precursors of lycophylls. Boyce regarded the occurrence of the spines of Discalis on sporangia as evidence that they were not related to lycophylls in this way.
A cladogram published in 2004 by Crane et al. places Discalis in a paraphyletic stem group of broadly defined "zosterophylls", basal to the lycopsids (living and extinct clubmosses and relatives).
Hao and Xue in 2013 used the absence of terminal sporangia to place the genus in the paraphyletic order Gosslingiales, in the family Discaliaceae. The Gosslingiales are considered to be zosterophylls with indeterminate growth and fertile branches generally showing circinate vernation (initially curled up).
# Pavel Chikida

Pavel Chikida (Belarusian: Павел Чыкіда; Russian: Павел Чикида; born 21 June 1995) is a Belarusian professional footballer who plays for Belarusian Premier League club Slavia Mozyr.

## Honours

Gomel
* Belarusian Cup winner: 2021–22
# Mileva Roller

Mileva Roller (February 18, 1886 – May 6, 1949) was an Austrian painter in the Viennese Secession movement.

## Life

Mileva Stojsavljevic was born on 14 February 1886 in Innsbruck. Her father, Milos Stojsavljevic, was a Serb from Velika Popina in Croatia, and her mother, Adelheid Hohenauer, was an Austrian porcelain painting teacher at the Vienna Women's Academy. Her younger brother, Raoul Stojsavljevic, was born in 1887 and he became a flying ace.
In 1906, she married the artist Alfred Roller. They were both leading members of the Vienna Secession art movement and she, Koloman Moser, Gustav Klimt and Josef Hoffmann designed clothes for themselves and their families.

## Private life

She and Alfred had two sons Dietrich (1909-2001) who became a doctor and Ulrich (1911-1941) who became a stage designer and who, as an SS guard, died in Stolpovo near Kaluga (in the Soviet Union) during the Russian campaign at the end of 1941.
Mileva has been described, by Brigitte Hamann, as 'an enthusiastically pro-Hitler Serbian'. When Ulrich died on the Moscow front, Winifred Wagner wrote to Mileva, a woman she did not personally know:
   The news has just reached me, though I cannot grasp it yet, that your dear son Uli has died a hero's death for his fatherland and his beloved Führer. I bow my head in silent respect for what you, his mother, must be going through...For us it is like losing a dear member of the family. (Bayreuth is in mourning) for the loss of such an extraordinarily gifted artist - whom Wieland had selected to be his eventual collaborator ...Now his young life has been fulfilled, and he died as he lived: believing in the Führer and the National Socialist ideal; believing in the great fatherland of the future. He was faithful unto death, and set a shining example to us all.
In a later statement, the Roller family contradicted Winifred's opinion.
Mileva Roller died in Vienna on 6 May 1949. She was buried in Vienna Central Cemetery.

## Legacy

Her work was included in the 2019 exhibition City Of Women: Female artists in Vienna from 1900 to 1938 at the Österreichische Galerie Belvedere.
# Dibis Dam

The Dibis (Dibbis) Dam or Dibis Regulator is a gravel-alluvial fill embankment dam located on the Lesser Zab River approximately 130 km upstream from its confluence with the Tigris River. The dam is located directly north of the town of Dibis in Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq. The main-purpose of the Dibis Dam is to divert water from the Lesser Zab River into the Kirkuk Irrigation Project.
The Dibis Dam was constructed between 1960 and 1965 as part of the larger Kirkuk Irrigation Project for the irrigation of 300,000 ha of land. The dam has a capacity of 4,000 m$^3$ through the spillway and 278 m$^3$ through the head regulator (diversion to the Kirkuk Irrigation Project). Inflow is from Dokan Dam, approximately 140 km upstream. In 1984 the dam failed due to heavy outflows from the Dokan Dam. The fuse-plug that allows the emergency spillway to work did not erode because heavy sediment had built up behind it. Repairs were carried out by China International Water and Electric Cooperation between October 1985 and March 1987.
# Martin Copley

Martin Copley (1940 – 30 July 2014) was a British-born Australian conservationist and philanthropist who established the Australian Wildlife Conservancy (AWC), an organisation which purchases and manages large areas of land, mainly former pastoral properties, as nature reserves (called "sanctuaries") for the conservation of biodiversity. He was the grandson of pioneering Australian pastoralist and banker S. W. Copley.
Copley was a British financier and insurance underwriter. He first visited Australia in 1966. In 1991 he purchased a property containing a large area of natural bushland at Chidlow, Western Australia, now the Karakamia Sanctuary, for conservation purposes, effectively founding what was to become the AWC. In 1994 he moved to Australia permanently. In 2001 the AWC became a public charitable organisation. Copley died of cancer on 30 July 2014.
# H. Francis Kennedy

H. Francis Kennedy (July 7, 1918 – April 29, 1995) was a former Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.
Appointed on the Legislative Budget and Finance Committee (1969–1970) and Pennsylvania Commission on Interstate Cooperation (1971–1974), he lost reelection in the 1974 election.
# Yukishige

Yukishige is a masculine Japanese given name.

## Written forms

Yukishige can be written using different combinations of kanji characters. Examples:
* 幸重, "happiness, heavy"
* 幸茂, "happiness, luxuriant"
* 幸繁, "happiness, prosperous"
* 行重, "to go, heavy"
* 行茂, "to go, luxuriant"
* 行繁, "to go, prosperous"
* 之重, "of, heavy"
* 之茂, "of, luxuriant"
* 之繁, "of, prosperous"
* 志重, "determination, heavy"
* 志茂, "determination, luxuriant"
* 志繁, "determination, prosperous"
* 恭重, "respectful, heavy"
* 潔重, "pure, heavy"
* 雪重, "snow, heavy"
The name can also be written in hiragana ゆきしげ or katakana ユキシゲ.

## Notable people with the name

* Yukishige Okubo (大久保 潔重, born 1966), Japanese politician
* Yukishige Yasuma (安間 之重, born 1938), Japanese long jumper
# Ha Jong-ho

Ha Jong-ho (born 16 July 1963) is a South Korean boxer. He competed in the men's middleweight event at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# Harry Villegas

Harry "Pombo" Villegas (10 May 1940 – 29 December 2019) was a Cuban communist guerrilla. He was born in Yara and was a descendant of African slaves. He fought alongside Che Guevara in battles from the Sierra Maestra to the Bolivian insurgency. From 1977 to 1979, and again from 1981 to 1988, Villegas was part of the leadership of Cuba's volunteer military mission in Angola, fighting alongside Angolan and Namibian forces against aggression by South Africa's apartheid regime. Villegas was a Central Committee member of the Communist Party of Cuba from 1997 to 2011, a deputy of Cuba's National Assembly, and executive vice president of the Association of Combatants of the Cuban Revolution.
Villegas was also a published writer. He died aged 79 in Havana.

## Books in English

* Pombo: A Man of Che's guerrilla. With Che Guevara in Bolivia, 1966-68 Pathfinder Press (1997).
* At the Side of Che Guevara: Interviews With Harry Villegas Pathfinder Press (1997).
* Cuba and Angola The War for Freedom Pathfinder Press (2017).
# Obdulio Trasante

Obdulio Trasante (born 20 April 1960 in Juan Lacaze) is a former Uruguayan footballer.

## Career

Trasante played for Grêmio in the 1988 and 1989 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A. Trasante made five appearances for the senior Uruguay national football team from 1987 to 1988. He also played in the 1987 Copa América.
# Exoprosopa clarki

Exoprosopa clarki is a species of bee fly in the family Bombyliidae.
# Rockingham Estate

Rockingham Estate was a house and estate near Boyle, County Roscommon, Ireland covering much of the area which now makes up Lough Key Forest Park.

## History

In 1771, the King family moved from their house in Boyle to the newly built Kingston Hall on what is now the Rockingham estate. The footprint and walled gardens of this house still exist and indicate its substantial size. It was later referred to as Kingston Lodge or the Steward's Lodge.
Rockingham house was later developed by Robert King, 1st Viscount Lorton and designed by one of the preeminent architects of the day, John Nash around 1809–10. The planned gardens were designed by John Sutherland around the same time and included servant's tunnels, follies, lodges and miniature castles.
In 1822, a third story was added to the house and the grand dome was removed significantly distorting Nash's original design.
A number of other notable structures were also built on the estate around the same time including stables (1845) and a later gothic lodge and entrance gate.
The house was largely damaged by a fire in 1860 and was at that stage rebuilt.
In 1903, the house became one of the residences of William Ward, 2nd Earl of Dudley who was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland from 11 August 1902 to 11 December 1905.
In 1918, the house was raided by Irish Republican Brotherhood members in order to procure arms.
Rockingham House again burned down in a fire started by an electrical fault in 1957.
What remained of the estate was sold by Sir Cecil Stafford-King-Harman, to the Irish Land Commission in May 1959. The Land Commission officially took control of the estate in November 1959.
The remains of the house were finally demolished in 1971.
In 1973, a brutalist concrete viewing tower known as the Moylurg tower was built on the site of the house.