OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jess Phoenix

Jess Phoenix (born 1982) is an American volcanologist, writer and multimedia personality. She is the Science Ambassador of the Union of Concerned Scientists. She ran as a Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives. She is the co-host of the Discovery series Hunting Atlantis and the author of Ms. Adventure.

## Early life and education

Phoenix grew up in Colorado, United States, with two parents who are FBI agents. She holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in history from Smith College and a master's degree in geology from California State University, Los Angeles, with a thesis titled Lava Flow Morphologies and Structural Features Along the Axis of the South Rift Zone of Loihi Seamount, Hawaii. Phoenix later enrolled in a PhD program with the School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences at Queensland University of Technology in Australia studying Mexico's Sierra Madre Occidental range, but withdrew after falling out with her PhD advisor.

## Books

Phoenix has written a memoir titled Ms. Adventure: My Wild Explorations in Science, Lava, and Life published by Timber Press, a division of Workman Publishing Group, 2021. The book was nominated as a finalist for the 2022 AAAS/Subaru SB&F Prize for Excellence in Science Books in the category of Young Adult Science.

## Media

Phoenix has appeared in the Discovery series Trailblazers in 2016, Devil Sharks in 2017, and Science Channel's series What on Earth? in 2015. In 2021 she was a co-host with Stel Pavlou of the Discovery series Hunting Atlantis. Hunting Atlantis has been criticized by scientists from the archaeology, anthropology, and history communities for pseudoscience and misrepresenting history and archaeology for entertainment purposes.

## Political career

Phoenix was a candidate in the 2018 election to represent California in the US House of Representatives in the 25th Congressional District in California. She lost in the Democratic primary on June 5, 2018, finishing in fourth place with 6.4% of the vote.

## Personal life

Phoenix is married to Carlos Peláez. They both changed their last names to Phoenix in 2012. Together they founded Blueprint Earth, a volunteer-based non-profit focused on cataloging the ecosystem in one square kilometer of the Mojave Desert.
# Alex C. Ruffing

Alex C. Ruffing (November 2, 1892 – September 6, 1958) was an American machinist and Socialist from Milwaukee who served four terms (1919–1926) as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly and one shortened term in Wisconsin State Senate representing Milwaukee County-based districts

## Background

Ruffing was born in Milwaukee on November 2, 1892. He was educated in the public and parochial schools and learned the machinist trade at the Allis Chalmers plant.

## Legislative career

He had never entered electoral politics before a 1916 run for the Assembly from the 7th Milwaukee County district (7th and 10th wards of the City of Milwaukee), which he lost to Republican Bernhard Gettelman by 85 votes. In 1918 Ruffing was elected to the same Assembly seat at the age of 26 years and three days, receiving 2,959 votes to 1,410 for Republican Tony Rausch (Gettelman had become chief deputy sheriff of Milwaukee County). He became the youngest member of the fifty-fourth session of the legislature, and was assigned to the standing committee on public welfare. He continued to work at the factory between sessions at first, but from 1923 to 1928 worked as an annexation solicitor for the City of Milwaukee.
He was re-elected in 1920 and 1922 without opposition, switching to the Committees on the Judiciary and then Finance, and in 1924 won re-election by 2367 votes to 1622 for Henry A. Zaidina.
In November 1926, Ruffing was elected to the State Senate to fill out the unexpired term of fellow Socialist Joseph Padway (who had resigned to serve as judge of the Milwaukee civil court), with 4297 votes for Ruffing to 3294 for Republican Otto Tetzloff. He was assigned to the joint committee on Finance, on which he'd served two terms while in the Assembly. He was appointed as a Milwaukee alderman by Socialist mayor Dan Hoan in 1928, and was succeeded in the Senate by fellow Socialist Thomas Duncan.

## Post-legislature

Ruffing continued to serve as an alderman until defeated for re-election on April 4, 1944, by Republican State Representative Martin E. Schreiber. He was now a vice-chairman of the Wisconsin Socialist Party central committee, and became the Socialist candidate for state senate against incumbent (and former Socialist) George Hampel, who ran without any party affiliation; with both of them losing in November to Democrat Edward W. Reuther. In 1946, he ran for his old seat in the Assembly, coming in third to Republican Clyde Follansbee and Democrat John Schaller. In 1949, he returned to his old employment as an annexation solicitor under new Socialist mayor Frank P. Zeidler; and in June 1950 he was elected to succeed Zeidler as state chairman of the Socialist Party.
He died on September 6, 1958, in Milwaukee, a fact memorialized by an Assembly joint resolution in 2005.
# Eugene J. Bedell

Eugene J. Bedell (May 13, 1928 – January 4, 2016) was an American politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1972 to 1974 from District 5B and in the New Jersey Senate from the 12th Legislative District from 1974 to 1982.
Born in Elizabeth, New Jersey, Bedell moved to Keansburg, New Jersey as a teenager and graduated in 1946 from Leonardo High School (since renamed as Middletown High School North).
He died on January 4, 2016, at age 87 in his home in Keansburg, New Jersey.
# Margolin

Margolin is a surname that, like its variants, is derived from the Hebrew word מרגליות‎ (margoliyot) whose meaning is "pearls",
Variants of the name are: Margolis, Margulis, Margules, Margolio(u)th, Margoliut(h), Margo, Margolinski, Marliss, etc.
Names like Perlman, Perelman, Perlstein, etc. have the same meaning.
The surname "Margolin" may refer to:
* Allison Margolin, American attorney
* Anna Margolin, pen name of Rosa Harning Lebensboym (1887–1952), American Yiddish language poet
* Arnold Margolin (1877–1956), American television producer, screenwriter, and director
* Bessie Margolin (1909–1996), American attorney
* Bob Margolin (born 1949), American guitarist
* Bruce Margolin (born 1941), American criminal defense attorney
* Carol Margolin, American artist known as Carol Heifetz Neiman
* Dansette (J. & A. Margolin Ltd)
* Deb Margolin, American performance artist and playwright
* Efraim Margolin, Israeli-American businessman and philanthropist
* Eliezer Margolin (1875–1944), Russian-Australian businessman and military officer
* Gayla Margolin, American psychologist
* Howie Margolin, member of The Demensions group
* Jamie Margolin, American climate activist
* Janet Margolin (1943–1993), American actress
* Jean-Louis Margolin (born 1952), French historian
* Jody Margolin Hahn (1900–1971), American television director
* Julius Margolin (1900–1971), Israeli writer and political activist
* Malcolm Margolin (born 1940), American publisher, author
* Mike Margolin, American tennis player
* Phillip Margolin (born 1944), American writer and lawyer
* Quintin Corinne Margolin (1944–2003), American actress known as Quentin Dean
* Reuben Heyday Margolin, American artist and sculptor
* Stacy Margolin (born 1959), American tennis player
* Stuart Margolin (1940–2022), American actor
* Veniamin Margolin (1922–2009), Russian trumpeter
* Victor Margolin (1941–2019), American design historian
* William (Bill) Margolin (Born 1956), American Actor and Trial Attorney
* Yaron Margolin (born 1954), Israeli dancer
# David Croitoru

David Croitoru (born 9 August 2003) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Liga III side CSO Filiași.

## Club career
### Botoșani

He made his debut in professional football for Botoșani under the guidance of his father, Marius Croitoru.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 19 February 2023.
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Botoșani | 2019–20 | Liga I | 1 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 0 |
| Botoșani | 2020–21 | Liga I | 14 | 0 | 2 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 16 | 0 |
| Botoșani | 2021–22 | Liga I | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 6 | 0 |
| Botoșani | Total | Total | 20 | 0 | 3 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 23 | 0 |
| FC U Craiova | 2022–23 | Liga I | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 1 | 0 |
| Argeș Pitești | 2022–23 | Liga I | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 1 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 21 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 |
# Cord Byrd

James Cord Byrd (born April 19, 1971) is an American attorney and Republican politician serving as the secretary of state of Florida. Previously, he was a member of the Florida House of Representatives, representing Nassau County and part of Duval County from 2016 until his appointment as secretary of state.

## Early life and education

Byrd was born in Jacksonville, Florida. He attended the United States Air Force Academy for one year before earning a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science and government from the University of North Florida. In 1997, he earned a Juris Doctor from the St. Thomas University School of Law.

## Career

Byrd worked as an attorney at Leal & Ring, P.A from 1997 to 2004 and Gonzalez & Porcher from 2004 to 2007. Since 2007, he has operated an independent legal practice. Byrd was elected to the Florida House of Representatives in 2016. During his tenure, Byrd served as vice chair of the Public Integrity & Elections Committee during the 2019–2020 legislative session and vice chair of the House Judiciary Committee, in the 2021–2022 legislative session.
In 2019, Byrd sponsored a bill banning sanctuary cities in Florida. In April of that year the Florida House passed the bill with 69–47 nearly along party lines.
In May 2022, Governor Ron DeSantis selected Byrd to succeed Laurel Lee as secretary of state of Florida.
# Kalra (village)

Kalra is a village in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 147 kilometres (91 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administered by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of the village as per the Panchayati raj (India).
# List of female top executives

The world average of female top executives is 8 percent. Thailand has the highest proportion of female CEOs in the world, with 30 percent of companies employing female CEOs, followed by the People's Republic of China, with 19 percent. In the European Union the figure is 9 percent and in the United States it is 5 percent. In 2024, 10.4% of the CEOs at companies in the Fortune 500 were female.

## Female CEOs

* Ida Liu CEO of Citi Private Bank
* Brenda C. Barnes, former CEO of Sara Lee
* Jhane Barnes, owner fashion design company
* Mary Barra, chairman and CEO of General Motors
* Corie Barry, CEO of Best Buy
* Amanda Blanc, CEO of Aviva
* Ana Botín, president of Banco Santander, Spain
* Gail Koziara Boudreaux, CEO of Anthem
* Angela Braly, former president and CEO of WellPoint (now Anthem)
* Heather Bresch, Mylan Inc
* Roz Brewer, CEO of Walgreens
* Michele Buck, CEO and president of The Hershey Company
* Ursula Burns, CEO and chairman of Xerox
* Liz Claiborne, chairperson and CEO of Liz Claiborne, Inc.
* Zoe Cruz, co-president of Morgan Stanley
* Alison Cooper, formerly CEO of Imperial Brands
* Debra Crew, CEO of Diageo
* Margherita Della Valle, chief executive of Vodafone
* Mary Dillon, CEO of Ulta Beauty
* Patricia Dunn, former chairman of Hewlett-Packard
* Annika Falkengren, CEO of SEB, Sweden
* Kathryn Farmer, president and CEO of BNSF Railway
* Carly Fiorina, former chairman and CEO of Hewlett-Packard
* Janet Foutty, former CEO and chairperson of Deloitte Consulting
* Clara Furse, former CEO of London Stock Exchange
* Jody Gerson, CEO of Universal Music Publishing
* Jacqueline Gold, former CEO of Ann Summers
* Julie Greenwald, CEO of Atlantic Music Group
* Linda Hasenfratz, CEO of Linamar
* Kathy Ireland, chairman, CEO and chief designer for Kathy Ireland Worldwide and chairman emeritus for Level Brands
* Lisa S. Jones CEO of EyeMail Inc.
* Andrea Jung, chairman and CEO of Avon Products
* Indra Krishnamurthy Nooyi, president and CEO of PepsiCo
* Karen S. Lynch, president and CEO of CVS Health
* Sylvia Rhone, CEO of Epic Records
* Ginni Rometty, former CEO of IBM
* Irene Rosenfeld, CEO of Kraft Foods
* Rasha Al Roumi, former CEO of Kuwait Airways
* Patricia Russo, CEO of Lucent
* Güler Sabancı , CEO of Sabancı Holding, Turkey
* Mary Sammons, president and CEO of Rite Aid
* Martha Stewart, former CEO of Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia
* Belinda Stronach, former president and CEO of Magna International
* Lisa Su, president, CEO and chair of AMD
* Cydni Tetro, CEO of Brandless
* Therese Tucker, founder and CEO of BlackLine
* Laura Wade-Gery, CEO of Multi-channel at Marks & Spencer, former CEO of Tesco.com
* Meg Whitman, former CEO of eBay, former CEO of Hewlett-Packard and Hewlett Packard Enterprise
* Geisha Williams, CEO and President of President of PG&E Corporation
* Shelley Zalis, CEO of The Female Quotient, former CEO of Ipsos Open Thinking Exchange
# 1919 Bothwell by-election

The 1919 Bothwell by-election was held on 16 July 1919. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Coalition Conservative MP, David Henderson Macdonald. It was won by the Labour candidate John Robertson.
Bothwell by-election, 1919 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | John Robertson | 13,135 | 68.8 | +19.7 |
| C | Liberal | James Moffat | 5,967 | 31.2 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 7,168 | 37.6 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 19,102 | 71.9 | +2.7 |
| | Labour gain from Unionist | Labour gain from Unionist | Swing | N/A | |
| C indicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government. ||||||
# Murray Gardner

Murray Gardner (born 1946) is an alpine skier from New Zealand.
In the 1968 Winter Olympics at Grenoble, he came 76th in the Giant Slalom, but did not qualify in the Downhill.
# Kyle Kenyon

Charles Kyle Kenyon (March 22, 1924 – March 6, 1996) was an American Republican politician.
Born in Wyeville, Wisconsin, to Charles M. Kenyon and Harriet (Shookman) Kenyon, he served in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II. In 1951 he received his law degree from University of Wisconsin Law School and married Xena Cade. He practiced law in Tomah, Wisconsin until shortly before his death. Kenyon served in the Wisconsin State Assembly 1957–1970. Kenyon died in Tomah survived by his wife, Xena, and five children, Charles Kyle Kenyon, Jr., Kathleen Kenyon Harris, Elizabeth Kenyon Hart, John Cass Kenyon, and Helen Annemarie Kenyon.
# Yevhen Chahovets

Yevhen Vyacheslavovych Chahovets (Ukrainian: Євгеній В'ячеславович Чаговець; born 24 March 1998) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays for Gomel.

## Club career

In August 2023 he signed with Lithuanian club Riteriai.
On 2 August he made debut in A Lyga match against FK Panevėžys.
On 16 November 2023 was announced, that player left Riteriai Club.
In February 2024, Chahovets moved to Georgian reigning champions Dinamo Batumi.
# Sebastijan Pečjak

Sebastijan Pečjak (27 July 1976–6 July 2012) was a Slovenian darts player who was most notable for representing Slovenia at the 2010 PDC World Cup of Darts along with teammate Osmann Kijamet. They lost to Sweden in the first round.
Pečjak won the Soft Tip Bullshooter World Championship in 2009. In the same year, he reached the last 32 of the German Darts Championship.
Pečjak died on 6 July 2012, after a motorcycle accident in Ljubljana.
# NGC 4088

NGC 4088 is an intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major. The galaxy forms a physical pair with NGC 4085, which is located 11′ away.

## General information

NGC 4088 is a grand design spiral galaxy. This means that the spiral arms in the galaxy's disk are sharply defined. In visible light, one of the spiral arms appears to have a disconnected segment. Halton Arp included this galaxy in the Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies as one of several examples where this phenomenon occurs.
NGC 4088 and NGC 4085 are members of the M109 Group, a group of galaxies located in the constellation Ursa Major. This large group contains between 41 and 58 galaxies, including the spiral galaxy M109.

## Supernovae

Three supernovae have been observed in NGC 4088:
* SN 1991G (type II, mag. 17) was discovered by Jean Mueller on 10 February 1991.
* SN 2009dd (type II, mag. 13.7) was discovered by Giancarlo Cortini on 13 April 13 2009. At apparent magnitude 13.8, it became the third-brightest supernova of 2009.
* SN 2022jzc (Type II, mag. 17.8) was discovered by the Zwicky Transient Facility on 16 May 2022.
# Jason Gant

Jason M. Gant (born December 18, 1976) is the former Secretary of State of South Dakota. A member of the Republican party, he had represented the 11th district in the South Dakota Senate since 2004
Gant graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in 1999 from the University of South Dakota in political science and a minor in business administration. From 1999 to 2004, Gant was the Director of Dakota Care, a health insurance company. He then served as an executive for the South Dakota State Medical Association from 2004 to 2005, and in 2005 became the founder and owner of the Gant Group, Incorporated, a health care consulting business.
At the 2010 South Dakota Republican Party (GOP) Convention, Senator Gant won his party's nomination for Secretary of State, defeating two other GOP candidates. On November 2, 2010, he won his election bid to become the next Secretary of State of South Dakota.
In 2014, Gant activated the Innovative Overseas Absentee-balloting System (iOASIS) voting technology, which is currently available to Gant's overseas military constituents for all upcoming elections.
# Christoph K. Neumann

Christoph K. Neumann (born 2 April 1962) is a German Orientalist with a focus on Turkology.

## Life

Neumann was born on 2 April 1962 in Braunschweig. After graduating from the Wilhelm-Gymnasium in Braunschweig in 1979, he studied Ottoman studies, Turkology, German studies and political science at the University of Munich (MA 1987) and the Ege University in İzmir. In 1992 he was appointed Dr. Ing. phil. PhD. In 1993 he received the prize of the Southeast European Society Munich. In 2006 he received habilitation at the University of Munich in Recent History.
His first scientific posts were at the Charles University in Prague, the Orient Institute in Istanbul and the Boğaziçi University in Istanbul. From 1998 to 2002 he was assistant professor at Istanbul Technical University, and from 2002 to 2006 at Istanbul Bilgi University. In 2006 he became associate professor at Istanbul Bilgi University, and in 2008 professor of Turkology at the Institute for the Near and Middle East of the University of Munich.
He researches the history and culture of Turkey and the Ottoman Empire. Neumann is the author, publisher and translator of several books on the subject. He has received several scholarships, including from the Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Neumann advised Kindler's New Literature Lexicon in Turkish literature and worked for the Turkology Gazette from 1984 to 1993. He was also on the Advisory and Editorial Board of scientific journals. Neumann is also co-author of numerous guides to Turkey and translator of the novel Snow by Orhan Pamuk.

## Selected works

* Das indirekte Argument. Ein Plädoyer für die Tanẓīmāt vermittels der Historie. Die geschichtliche Bedeutung von Aḥmed Cevdet Paşas Taʾrīẖ (= Periplus Parerga. Band 1). Lit, Münster u. a. 1994, ISBN 3-89473-910-X (= Dissertation).
* with Klaus Kreiser: Kleine Geschichte der Türkei. Reclam, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-15-010540-4. (2. Auflage, 2009)
# Symptom of Life

"Symptom of Life" is a song by American singer Willow from her sixth studio album, Empathogen (2024). She wrote it with Chris Greatti and Brad Oberhofer, and produced it with the former. The song was released through Three Six Zero and Gamma on March 12, 2024, as the lead single from the record. An accompanying self-directed music video was published on the same date. "Symptom of Life" is a math-pop track led by piano, drums, and a bass countermelody.

## Release

The release of "Symptom of Life" was announced via Willow's Instagram account on March 5, 2024, alongside a snippet of the song, which she captioned, "y'all are not ready". Days before the release of the single, she shared the lyrics to the track, explaining that it could let listeners "deeply digest the words before diving into the whole composition". The song was released on March 12, 2024, as the lead single from her then-upcoming sixth studio album, Empathogen (2024). A music video for "Symptom of Life", directed by Willow, premiered alongside the song; it opens with Willow and two friends walking through a forest, and then sees the singer lying down on the floor, a large rock, and on grass strewn with flowers. About the visual, she said that it "is for all the beautiful people who have ever gone into nature with their friends & been guided to a deeper understanding of life together by plant medicine".

## Composition

"Symptom of Life" is a math-pop song based on a jazzy piano, drums, and a bass countermelody. Its lyrics center on self-knowledge, reinvention, mortality, and beauty. In a statement, the singer discussed the track's production: "It has a very beautiful, whimsical nature but holds a lot of mystery. There's this beautiful light coming in through the piano, but also this syncopated rhythm of the bass, bringing in that mysterious element — a juxtaposition of light and dark".
In an interview with Vogue Australia, Willow stated that the song "came from a very special place", and explained: "Buddha said that life is suffering ... that is definitely true. A symptom of life is pain, suffering and loss, but another symptom of life is birth, and renewal and joy. I like that that song was kind of an exploration of [that]".

## Critical reception

Pitchfork's Dylan Green said that the song "best illuminated the next phase in Willow's [sound] evolution", following her experimenting with various music genres throughout her career.
# 1936 Dunbartonshire by-election

The 1936 Dunbartonshire by-election was held on 18 March 1936. The by-election was held due to the appointment as Governor of Burma of the incumbent Conservative MP, Archibald Douglas Cochrane. It was won by the Labour candidate Thomas Cassells.
Dunbartonshire by-election, 1936 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Thomas Cassells | 20,187 | 48.1 | +6.2 |
| | Unionist | Arthur Paterson Duffes | 19,203 | 45.7 | −4.6 |
| | SNP | Robert Gray | 2,599 | 6.2 | −1.6 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 984 | 2.4 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 41,989 | 68.6 | −11.9 |
| | Labour gain from Unionist | Labour gain from Unionist | Swing | +5.4 | |
# Pitts Ellis

Pitts Ellis (February 29, 1808 – February 1, 1875) was an American shoemaker, farmer, and politician.
Born in Murray, New York, Ellis moved to Michigan Territory in 1832 living in Nile and Tecumseh. Then in 1839, he moved to Wisconsin Territory settling in North Prairie and then in Genesee, Wisconsin. Ellis was a farmer, shoemaker, and in the grain business.
Ellis served in the Wisconsin Territorial House of Representatives as a Democrat. He served in the first Wisconsin Constitutional Convention of 1846. He also served in local government. In 1850, he served in the Wisconsin State Assembly. He died in Genesee, Wisconsin, on February 1, 1875.