OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jerome R. Brigham

Jerome Ripley Brigham (July 21, 1825 – January 21, 1897) was an American politician and lawyer.

## Biography

Born in Fitchburg, Massachusetts, Brigham moved with his parents to Wisconsin Territory in 1839. His uncle was Ebenezer Brigham who was involved in politics in the Wisconsin Territory. Brigham graduated from Amherst College in 1845 and then taught school and studied law in Madison, Wisconsin. He served in local government as town and village clerk. Then, from 1848 to 1851, Brigham served as clerk of the Wisconsin Supreme Court. In 1851, he moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin and practiced law. Brigham served on the Milwaukee School Board and the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin. He served as city attorney for Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In 1887, Brigham served in the Wisconsin State Assembly. He died in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
# Samuel S. Burton

Samuel Seward Burton (April 10, 1822 – December 22, 1892) was an American lawyer, judge, and banker. He served one term in the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing La Crosse County, and was county judge of La Crosse County for 6 years.

## Biography

Samuel Burton was born in April 1822 at Manchester, Vermont. He was raised on his father's farm and was educated at the Burr and Burton Academy in Manchester. He read law in the office of his cousin, Judge Elias Black Burton, and his partner Ahiman Louis Miner, and was admitted to the bar in 1850. He then joined his cousin's law firm and practiced with them until the firm dissolved in 1857.
He moved to La Crosse, Wisconsin, in April 1857 and participated in a law firm known as Tucker, Burton & Morse. He left the firm when he was appointed county judge by Governor Alexander Randall in May 1859. He filled the 30 months remaining of the judicial term, and was then elected to a full term, serving until January 1866.
While serving as judge, he was elected to the Wisconsin State Assembly in November 1863, running on the National Union ticket. He was appointed receiver of public moneys at the land office in La Crosse in 1867, serving until 1875. During that time he also formed a legal partnership with Gilbert M. Woodward, known as Burton & Woodward, which endured until 1877.
He was then appointed receiver of the First Bank of La Crosse after its failure in April 1876.
The next year he abandoned the legal profession in order to assist in the organization of the National Bank of La Crosse. He served as "cashier" (comptroller) of the bank until his death.
He died of gangrene in December 1892.

## Personal life and family

Samuel Burton was a son of Joseph Burton and his wife Anna (née Benedict). Joseph Burton served with the Vermont militia during the War of 1812 and established a farm near Manchester. His grandfather, Josiah Burton, served in the American Revolutionary War. The Burtons are descended from Solomon Burton, who immigrated to Connecticut Colony from England about 1687.
Samuel Burton married Mary-Ann Munson in Manchester on October 8, 1857. Munson and Burton were second cousins. They had three children together, but only one survived infancy. His wife died of cancer in 1882.
# Robert Parton

Robert G. Parton FAA is a British/Australian cell biologist. He is a Group Leader in the Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland and Deputy Director of the University of Queensland Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis.

## Education

Parton studied biochemistry at the University of Edinburgh (1981–1984) and was awarded his PhD from the University of Leicester in 1987. He then joined the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg, Germany, as a post-doctoral fellow with Gareth Griffiths and Kai Simons while holding Royal Society and EMBO postdoctoral fellowships.

## Research

Parton started his independent research career in 1991, as a junior Group Leader (Staff Scientist) at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory. He developed his own research program in endocytosis as well as collaborating with EMBL colleagues including Kai Simons, Jean Gruenberg, Marino Zerial and Carlos Dotti. He moved to the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia, in 1996 to join the Centre for Microscopy and a newly formed institute which subsequently became the Institute for Molecular Bioscience.
His research revolves around the plasma membrane, with a particular focus on caveolae, lipids and endocytosis. He has made major contributions to understanding how the plasma membrane function, particularly the molecular mechanisms involved in endocytosis. He was involved in the early research and discovery of caveolins and the identification and characterization of cavins as major structural components of caveolae. His research group currently focuses on the structure and function of caveolae, pathways of endocytosis in cultured cells and in whole animals, nanoparticle delivery vectors and pathways, and the role of lipid droplets in defence against pathogens.

## Honours and awards

Parton is the recipient of several national and international awards. In 2009, he was elected to the Australian Academy of Science. In 2023, he was elected as an Associate Member of the European Molecular Biology Organization. He is one of the most highly cited researchers in the field of biology and biochemistry with a H-index of at least 151. In 2020, he was named the leading researcher in the field of cell biology in Australia by The Australian. He has received multiple research awards from the ARC, National Heart Foundation, Human Frontier Science Program, NHMRC, and was a Chief Investigator in the ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology.$^$ He is currently an ARC Laureate Fellow and part of the ERC-funded DRIMMS Synergy Project.
His honours and awards include (sourced from the Grants section of the UQ Researchers profile):
* NHMRC Excellence Award; highest ranked Program Grant in Australia (2007)
* Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science (2009)
* NHMRC Australia Fellowship (2009)
* NHMRC Excellence Award; highest ranked Project Grant in Australia (2010)
* President’s Medal Australian Society of Cell and Developmental Biology (2011)
* NHMRC Excellence Award; highest ranked Project Grant in Australia (2013)
* ARC Laureate Fellowship (2021)
* ERC Synergy Grant (2022)
# Ain't Goin' Down ('Til the Sun Comes Up)

"Ain't Going Down ('Til the Sun Comes Up)" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Garth Brooks. It was released in July 1993 as the lead single from his album In Pieces. The song also appears on The Hits, The Limited Series, The Ultimate Hits, Double Live, and Triple Live. The spelling of the song has varied from album to album, and is also spelled "Ain't Going Down (Til the Sun Comes Up)." The song was written by Brooks, Kent Blazy, and Kim Williams. It is in the key of G Major.

## Content

A girl heads out for a Friday evening date at 6:00 in the evening. Her mother tells her to be back in bed before dawn. After the teenagers see a show and get a bite to eat, they head out for some late-night dancing. Eventually, they spend the night there and head out to her house at 4:00 A.M. The girl does not get home in time, and is grounded and punished with chores, but sneaks out again at 6:00 P.M. the next evening.

## Writing and production

Garth provided the following background information on the song in the CD booklet liner notes from The Hits:
"Kent Blazy, Kim Williams, and I sat out on the back porch of Kent and Sharon Blazy's house and decided we wanted to write something that was a lot of fun, for no other reason than just that, fun. "Ain't Going Down (Til the Sun Comes Up)" is what we came up with. Kent and Sharon had just moved into their new home and this was the first song we had ever written at their house. They still reside there, and hopefully there are a lot more songs on that back porch."
Mark Casstevens played acoustic guitar, Chris Leuzinger played electric guitar, Milton Sledge played drums, Mike Chapman played bass guitar, Rob Hajacos played fiddle, Bobby Wood played electric piano, Terry McMillan played harmonica, and Trisha Yearwood provided harmony vocals.

## Chart performance

"Ain't Going Down ('Til The Sun Comes Up)" debuted at number 37 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of August 7, 1993. The song reached Number One on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart for the week of September 18, 1993. The song then fell to No. 2 on September 25, 1993, when Tracy Byrd's "Holdin' Heaven" climbed to No. 1. However, on the chart week of October 2, 1993, "Ain't Going Down" returned to No. 1.
| Chart (1993) | Peak position |
| Canada Country Tracks (RPM) | 1 |
| Europe (Eurochart Hot 100) | 32 |
| Irish Singles Chart | 7 |
| UK Singles Chart | 13 |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 1 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (1993) | Position |
| Canada Country Tracks (RPM) | 12 |
| US Country Songs (Billboard) | 7 |
# Olimp Stadium

Olimp Stadium (Ukrainian: стадіон КСК "Олімп") is a football stadium in Oleksandriia, Ukraine. It is the home stadium of Oleksandriya-2 who play in the Ukrainian Second League.
The cultural and sports complex Olimp was opened on 25 May 1991. It is located in Peremoha district of the city. Stadium has a covered stand, VIP area, press-box, covered futsal field with artificial turf, small gym and other facilities. It is a Ukrainian Association of Football Category 1 stadium. Oleksandriya-2 will play its home matches in the stadium starting in the 2024–25 season.
# Lafayette Caskey

Lafayette Caskey (September 6, 1824 – October 5, 1881) was an American carpenter and politician.
Born in Canton Ohio, Caskey went to the public schools. In 1845, Caskey moved to Potosi, Grant County, Wisconsin Territory. He was a carpenter. In 1875, Caskey served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and was a Republican.
# Daniel Cavanagh (politician)

Daniel Cavanagh (1830 –1901) was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly and the Wisconsin State Senate.

## Biography

Cavanagh was born on February 3 (or 22), 1830 in Dingle, Ireland. He would reside in Erin, Wisconsin before moving to Osceola, Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin in 1849. By trade, he was a farmer.

## Political career

Cavanagh was a member of the Assembly in 1870. He represented the 20th District in the Senate from 1876 to 1877. In addition, Cavanagh was elected Treasurer of Osceola in 1861 and was Chairman (similar to Mayor) of the Board of Supervisors (similar to city council) from 1864 to 1866 and again from 1869 to 1875. He was a Democrat.
# John C. Clarke

John C. Clarke was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

## Biography

Clarke was born on Anglesey in Wales on February 17, 1831. He died on December 14, 1906.

## Career

Clarke was a member of the Assembly in 1882. Previously, he had been Sheriff of Marathon County, Wisconsin; Chairman of the Marathon County Board; a member of the Wausau City Council and Mayor of Wausau. In 1893, Clarke became Postmaster of Somo, Wisconsin. Additionally, he was a Marathon County municipal judge from 1859 to 1892 and a delegate to the 1876 Democratic National Convention.
# Frederick Condit

Frederick T. Condit (March 27, 1852 – January 1933) was an American lawyer from Merrillan, Wisconsin who served one term as an Independent Greenback member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Jackson County.

## Background

Condit was born in the village of Dresden, Yates County, New York, on March 27, 1852; he came to Wisconsin with his family in 1857, and they settled at Sparta. Condit received a common school education, and became a lawyer. He moved to Merrillan in Jackson County in 1877.

## Public office

In 1877 he ran as a Democrat for district attorney, but lost. He was elected as an "Independent Greenback" in 1878 with 833 votes to 811 for Republican J. R. Sechler (Republican incumbent Carl C. Pope was not a candidate for re-election). He was appointed to the standing committees on federal relations and on privileges and elections; and to the joint committee on claims.
In 1879 he ran as a Democrat for the State Senate's 32nd District (Jackson and Monroe counties), losing to William T. Price, with 3,425 votes to Price's 4,395. He was succeeded in the Assembly by Republican Robert D. Wilson.

## Outside the Assembly

Condit married Elsie Woodley on January 13, 1879. Sometime after leaving the legislature, he moved to Hudson in St. Croix County, where he became the Mayor of Hudson and was editor and manager of the Hudson Star-Observer. He died in Hudson.
# Cul-de-Sac, Saint Martin

Cul-de-Sac (French pronunciation:; formerly Cul-de-Sac de la Barrière) is a small town on the French side of the island of Saint Martin in the Caribbean. It lies on the northeast coast of the island, opposite Îlet Pinel and Île Tintamarre. The town is close to Orient Bay beach and the beaches of Anse Marcel, Petites-Cayes, and Grandes-Cayes.
For long, the town was a small fishing village, but has seen urbanization since the 1990s. A number of hotels, residences, and a collège have since been established in the town.
# Tamara St. John

Tamara St. John is an American politician and a Republican member of the South Dakota House of Representatives representing District 1 since January 8, 2019. With her election, St. John became the first and only Native American Republican woman to ever serve in the South Dakota House of Representatives.

## Early life and education

Tamara Jill St. John was born to Karen Brown (Keeble) and Phillip St. John on July 28, 1966, in Sisseton, South Dakota. She is an enrolled citizen of the Sisseton Wahpeton Sioux Tribe of the Lake Traverse Reservation. She attended Sisseton Public School and has a certificate in cultural heritage tourism from George Washington University.

## Private life

Tamara St. John has four adult children and two grandchildren. She currently resides in Sisseton, South Dakota.

## Career

St. John works as an historian, genealogist and has spent many years in the area of historic preservation, along with currently serving as the archivist for the Sisseton Wahpeton Tribal Archives and Collections. In this role, she specializes in community outreach and education. St. John has also worked with local, state and federal governments on issues involving historic preservation, cultural projects, and government consultations.
St. John served on the South Dakota Humanities Council as a member of the board of directors from 2016 to 2021. She also served as a delegate for the Her Vote. Her Voice. project to help South Dakota commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Women’s Suffrage Movement.

## Political career

When incumbent Jason Frerichs was term-limited in the State Senate, Susan Wismer ran unopposed for the Senate seat, vacating her House seat. Tamara St. John was the only Republican candidate to run in District 1, challenging former legislators Steven D. McCleerey and H. Paul Dennert in a three-way race for the two House seats. On November 6, 2018, she won her first election, coming in first place with 4,735 votes (36%) to Steven D. McCleerey’s 4,300 votes (33%). H. Paul Dennert finished with 4,139 votes (31%). She was the first Republican candidate on the ballot for District 1 in 10 years, and the first Republican candidate to win a legislative seat in District 1 in over 20 years.
She won her second House term on November 3, 2020, after coming in first place in a three-way general election, securing 6,150 votes (41%) of the votes cast.
St. John serves on the House Judiciary Committee, House Health and Human Services Committee and Co-chairs the State-Tribal Relations Committee.
In the 2022 Legislative session, St. John brought legislation (HB 1196) to designate the traditional flute as the official indigenous instrument in South Dakota, which was signed into law by Gov. Kristi Noem.
# James P. Kem

James Preston Kem (April 2, 1890 – February 24, 1965) was an American politician representing Missouri in the United States Senate from 1947 to 1953.

## Life and career

James P. Kem was born in Macon, Missouri. He attended Blees Military Academy, then graduated from the University of Missouri in 1910, and Harvard Law School in 1913. He was admitted to the bar in 1913 and commenced practice in Kansas City, Missouri. He entered the U.S. Army infantry in 1917 and was a World War I veteran. In 1920, Kem resumed the general practice of law in Kansas City. He built up a very successful corporate practice over the next two decades. By 1943, he served as President of the Lawyers Association of Kansas City and as chairman of the Jackson County Republican Committee. In 1944, he served as a delegate to the Republican National Convention and began building support for a run for the U.S. Senate. Kem defeated incumbent Frank P. Briggs, who had been appointed to the office in 1945 when Harry S. Truman resigned to become vice president.
During his one term in the Senate, Kem was a staunch opponent of President Truman, characterizing him as a puppet of Tom Pendergast's corrupt political machine in Kansas City. Kem lost his re-election bid in 1952 to Democratic candidate, Stuart Symington, a former Emerson Electric CEO who had been United States Secretary of the Air Force in the Truman administration. Kem retired to a Washington, D.C. law practice and then raised Angus cattle in Virginia until his death in 1965 at the age of 74.
# William Beck Ochiltree

William Beck Ochiltree (October 18, 1811 – December 27, 1867), was a settler, judge, and legislator in Texas. In 1963, Recorded Texas Historic Landmark Number 967, honoring Colonel Ochiltree, was placed at the courthouse in Perryton.

## Biography

He was born in Fayetteville, North Carolina; his family lived for a time in Florida and after 1820 in Alabama, where Ochiltree began practicing law. In 1839 he moved to Nacogdoches, Texas, and continued his practice. During the years of the Republic of Texas, he was a judge of the Fifth Judicial District, secretary of the treasury in 1844, adjutant general in 1845, and delegate to the Convention of 1845.
After the annexation of Texas by the United States, he was a representative in the Sixth Texas Legislature in 1855 and delegate to the Secession Convention in 1861. He was elected to the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States but resigned after a short time to return to Texas and raise a regiment.
Poor health forced him to resign that post in 1863. He subsequently lived at Jefferson until his death.
# Lake Télé Community Reserve

The Lake Télé Community Reserve is a protected area in the Republic of the Congo.

## History

The reserve was established on the 10 May 2001. In August 2010, the Cooperation Agreement between the governments of the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) on the Lake Tele - Lake Tumba landscape provided for creation of a trans-national protected area including the Lake Télé Community Reserve and the Ngiri-Tumba-Maindombe area in the DRC.

## Geography and environment

The reserve is a huge area of inaccessible swamp forest, with no roads. Ite covers 4,389 square kilometres (1,695 sq mi) around Lake Télé. The soil under the reserve contains major stores of peat which is rich in carbon. This discovery makes conservation of the area even more crucial, as if disturbed the carbon could escape into the atmosphere exacerbating global warming. In light of this discovery, the Wildlife Conservation Society advocated expansion of the reserve.

### Wildlife

In 2006 and 2007 researchers from the US-based Wildlife Conservation Society investigated the region, finding evidence of an estimated population of 125,000 Western lowland gorillas. This was more than the current estimated total population of the species. The park has been designated an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports significant populations of many bird species.
# Hijiyama-shita Station

Hijiyama-shita is a Hiroden station (tram stop) on Hiroden Hijiyama Line, located at the foot of Mt. Hijiyama, in Hijiyama-cho, Minami-ku, Hiroshima.

## Routes

From Hijiyama-shita Station, there are one of Hiroden Streetcar routes.
* Hiroshima Station - (via Hijiyama-shita) - Hiroshima Port Route

## Connections
### █ Hijiyama Line

       Danbara 1-chome — Hijiyama-shita — Hijiyama-bashi

## Around station

* Hijiyama Park
* Hiroshima City Museum of Contemporary Art
* Hiroshima City Manga Library
* Hijiyama River

## History

* Opened on December 27, 1944.
# Éamonn Breslin

Edward J. Breslin (1940 – 9 February 2021), known as Éamonn Breslin, was an Irish Gaelic footballer who played as a forward for club sides Inchicore Hibernians and Ballyfermot Gaels and was a member of the Dublin senior football team from 1963 until 1968.

## Career

Breslin played his Gaelic football for Inchicore Hibernians and Ballyfermot Gaels, with both teams participating in the Dublin Junior Championship. He earned a call-up to the Dublin senior football team and was an unused substitute on the team that beat Galway in the 1963 All-Ireland final. He also claimed two Leinster Championship titles. Breslin is probably best remembered for becoming the first player to score a headed goal in Gaelic football, a feat he achieved in a National League game against Laois in November 1964. His inter-county career was short-lived and he switched to rugby not long after scoring his famous goal, joining the Monkstown club in south Dublin.

## Personal life and death

Having served his time as a bricklayer, Breslin subsequently worked as a car salesman and finished his career with Fort Motors in Cromwellsfort Road in South Dublin in 2006. He died on 9 February 2021.

## Honours
### Dublin

* All-Ireland Senior Football Championship: 1963
* Leinster Senior Football Championship: 1963, 1965
# .22 long

The .22 long is a variety of .22 caliber (5.6 mm) rimfire ammunition. The .22 long is the second-oldest of the surviving rimfire cartridges, dating back to 1871, when it was loaded with a 29 gr (1.9 g) bullet and 5 gr (0.32 g) of black powder, 25% more than the .22 short on which it was based. It was designed for use in revolvers, but was soon chambered in rifles as well, in which it gained a reputation as a small game cartridge.
In 1887, the .22 long case was combined with the heavier 40 gr (2.6 g) bullet of the .22 extra long of 1880 to produce the .22 long rifle, giving a longer overall length and a higher muzzle energy. Many firearms designed for the .22 long rifle will chamber and fire the shorter round, though the .22 long generally does not generate sufficient energy to operate semi-automatic guns. The one prominent survivor of the .22 long is the .22 CB long, a long-cased version of the .22 CB.
The original .22 long loading used the same powder charge as the .22 long rifle, .22 long bullet was significantly lighter, but it did not result in higher velocities for the .22 long when fired from a rifle. The large barrel volume to chamber volume ratio of a .22 rimfire rifle means that the powder gasses have expanded as far as they can before the bullet reaches the muzzle of a normal-length rifle barrel, and the light .22 long bullet has less inertia than the .22 long rifle. The quieter report and lower penetration of the .22 long cartridge were often seen as desirable qualities.
The .22 long rifle performs as well in a short handgun barrel as the .22 long, and outperforms it in a long rifle barrel.
Modern Hypervelocity loadings of the .22 long rifle use bullets as light as 30 gr (1.9 g), and modern blends of powder to generate velocities higher than normal loads, and chamber pressures high enough to cycle semi-automatic firearms reliably. The most well known of these is the CCI Stinger, which goes so far as to stretch the case length slightly. The overall length is still within the max overall length for the .22 long rifle.
The .22 long is still produced even after the change over to smokeless powders. CCI currently loads a high-velocity .22 long with a muzzle velocity of 1,215 ft/s (370 m/s) and a muzzle energy of 95 ft⋅lbf (129 J)

## Specifications

* Length:
** Case: 0.613 in (15.6 mm)
** Overall: 0.888 in (22.6 mm)
* Bullet weight: 29 gr (1.88 g)
** Twist: 1 in 20 for dedicated firearms