OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Holliway Mountain

Holliway Mountain is an 8000+ ft granite summit located in Okanogan County in Washington state. It is part of the Okanogan Range which is a sub-range of the North Cascades Range. Holliway Mountain is situated near the headwaters of the Methow River on land administered by the Okanogan–Wenatchee National Forest. The nearest higher peak is Golden Horn, 0.91 miles (1.46 km) to the south. Azurite Peak is located three miles to the north-northwest.

## Climate

Holliway Mountain is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel northeast toward the Cascade Mountains. As fronts approach the North Cascades, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range, causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the Cascades (Orographic lift). As a result, the west side of the North Cascades experiences high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer.

## Geology

The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks, ridges, and deep glacial valleys. Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to the various climate differences.
The history of the formation of the Cascade Mountains dates back millions of years ago to the late Eocene Epoch. With the North American Plate overriding the Pacific Plate, episodes of volcanic igneous activity persisted. In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago.
During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving deposits of rock debris. The U-shaped cross section of the river valleys is a result of recent glaciation. Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area. Holliway Mountain, like many of the granite peaks in the Washington Pass area, is part of the Golden Horn Batholith.

## Gallery

* Golden Horn and Holliway (right) from the north
# West Coast Railway Association

The West Coast Railway Association (WCRA) is a non-profit society founded in 1961. Dedicated to preserving British Columbia's railway heritage, they operate the Railway Museum of British Columbia (formerly West Coast Railway Heritage Park) and the CN Roundhouse & Conference Centre located in Squamish, BC. The museum is home to over 90 pieces of vintage railway equipment and is the second largest railway museum in Canada, while the Conference Centre is a 21,000 sqft event venue.
Notable pieces of the WCRA's collection include Royal Hudson No. 2860, and 1890s era business car "British Columbia".
The park operates several events throughout the year in which train rides are offered. Occasional excursions using WCRA equipment have also travelled throughout the province.
Volunteers from the WCRA also operate the Engine 374 Pavilion in Vancouver, British Columbia.
# Jipapad

Jipapad, officially the Municipality of Jipapad (Waray: Bungto han Jipapad; Tagalog: Bayan ng Jipapad), is a municipality in the province of Eastern Samar, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 8,439 people.

## Barangays

Jipapad is politically subdivided into 13 barangays.  Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.
* Agsaman
* Cagmanaba
* Dorillo
* Jewaran
* Mabuhay
* Magsaysay
* Barangay 1 (Poblacion)
* Barangay 2 (Poblacion)
* Barangay 3 (Poblacion)
* Barangay 4 (Poblacion)
* Recare
* Roxas
* San Roque

## Demographics

The population of Jipapad in the 2020 census was 8,439 people, with a density of 36 inhabitants per square kilometre or 93 inhabitants per square mile.

## Climate

Climate data for Jipapad, Eastern Samar :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 27 (81) | 27 (81) | 28 (82) | 29 (84) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 28 (82) | 28 (82) | 29 (83) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22 (72) | 22 (72) | 22 (72) | 23 (73) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 23 (73) | 23 (73) | 23 (74) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 105 (4.1) | 67 (2.6) | 65 (2.6) | 53 (2.1) | 86 (3.4) | 129 (5.1) | 135 (5.3) | 113 (4.4) | 131 (5.2) | 163 (6.4) | 167 (6.6) | 162 (6.4) | 1,376 (54.2) |
| Average rainy days | 17.6 | 13.2 | 15.5 | 14.9 | 19.6 | 24.3 | 26.6 | 25.4 | 24.9 | 25.4 | 22.9 | 20.9 | 251.2 |
| Source: Meteoblue ||||||||||||||

## Economy

Poverty incidence of Jipapad
* 10
* 20
* 30
* 40
* 50
* 60
* 70
* 2006 41.30
* 2009 60.58
* 2012 60.90
* 2015 49.87
* 2018 65.46
* 2021 51.92
* Source: Philippine Statistics Authority
# Serbian Radical Party "9th January"

The Serbian Radical Party "9th January" (Serbian: Српска радикална странка „9. јануар”), formerly Serbian Radical Party "Dr. Vojislav Šešelj" (Serbian: Српска радикална странка „др Војислав Шешељ“), is a minor Serbian nationalist party in Bosnia and Herzegovina, active in Republika Srpska. The party consisted of the Bosnian faction that remained under the wings of the Serbian Radical Party (SRS) and its leader Vojislav Šešelj after his departure to the Hague; the branch that split off was the Serbian Radical Party of Republika Srpska under the leadership of Milanko Mihajlica. The party's chairman is undetermined, it was Mirko Blagojević until 2013, and the party has since chosen Dragan Đurđević, though the former still claims leadership.

## Parliamentary elections

Parliament of Republika Srpska :
| Year | Popular vote | % of popular vote | # of seats | Seat change | Coalition | Government |
| 2018 | TBD | TBD | 0 / 83 | | | TBD |
# Magnetic chicane

A magnetic chicane also called a bunch compressor helps form dense bunches of electrons in a free-electron laser. A magnetic chicane makes electrons detour slightly from their otherwise straight path, and in that way is similar to a chicane on a road.
A magnetic chicane consists of four dipole magnets, giving electrons at the beginning of a bunch a longer path than electrons at the end of the bunch, thereby allowing the lagging electrons to catch up.

## Free-electron laser

A free-electron laser depends upon a beam of tightly bunched electrons. Short bunches of electrons are produced by a photoinjector, but they quickly elongate, because electrons have negative charge and little mass, causing the bunch to expand. As the bunch is accelerated, the electrons gain mass and quickly approach the speed of light. After that, electrons at the end of the bunch cannot go any faster to catch up with electrons at the beginning of the bunch.

## Chirp

This problem is solved by adjusting the phase of the driving electric field to more strongly add energy and mass to electrons at the trailing end of the bunch. This is called negative energy chirp, meaning the energy decreases along the direction of beam travel. Because the beam is traveling at almost the speed of light, the trailing electrons gain mass, rather than velocity. This results in a correlation between mass and position in the bunch.

## Chicane

The chicane gives lagging electrons time to catch up. More massive electrons are deflected less by the magnetic field than lighter electrons, and therefor take a shorter path through the chicane, resulting in a shorter bunch. A chicane consists of four dipole magnets with the following roles:
* Deflects the beam slightly away from the central axis of the accelerator, with lighter electrons deflected more than more massive electrons.
* Deflects the beam in the opposite direction, making it parallel to the central axis, but with an offset. The offset is greatest for lighter electrons.
* Deflects the beam back towards the central axis.
* Deflects the beam back in the direction of the central axis.

## Limitations

In practice, bunch compression cannot be done a single step. To avoid beam emittance blowup, beam compression is usually done by using two chicanes.
# Ferrybank, Waterford

Ferrybank (Irish: Port an Chalaidh) is a suburb of Waterford City in Ireland. Much of Ferrybank, or "the village" as it is referred to locally, is under the political jurisdiction of Waterford City and County Council and thus an area of administration for Waterford City, on the northern bank of the River Suir, extending into County Waterford. However, some parts of Ferrybank extend into County Kilkenny and are administered by Kilkenny County Council. There has been a long-lasting boundary dispute between both jurisdictions, with debates and proposals ongoing for many decades.

## Sport

Ferrybank hurling club won the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship in 1915, 1916 and 1919. Locky Byrne is an inter-county hurler who was from the area, and played for both the Waterford and Kilkenny teams in the 1930s and 1940s.
Athletic events have been held in Ferrybank since 1869. Members of Ferrybank Athletic Club (Ferrybank AC) to have represented Ireland include Brendan Quinn at the 1988 Olympics and Kelly Proper at the 2010 European Championships.
Ferrybank AFC, the local association football club, was founded in 1948. Notable players at the club have included John O'Shea, of Manchester United and the Republic of Ireland national team, who played underage football with the club. Romeo Akachukwu, who later joined Southampton F.C., also played with Ferrybank AFC.

## Ghost shopping centres

The Ross Abbey Town Centre Shopping Complex was built in 2008 at a cost of €7 million and was sold in 2013 for €225k. It remained empty for several years after it was constructed. In 2017 (nearly 10 years after the complex was completed) the discount retailer "Mr Price" opened a unit within the development. Other businesses subsequently opened there, including a barbers, café, beautician, gym and a Tesco Express outlet.
The Ferrybank Shopping Centre on the south Kilkenny/Waterford border was completed in 2008 at a cost of €100m. It never opened, due to the failure of Dunnes Stores to take up its planned anchor tenancy, and (as of late 2023) remained closed. While containing no retail outlets, part of the development has housed a local library and county council office.

## People

* Donal Foley, a writer and editor at The Irish Times, grew up in Ferrybank.
* John O'Shea, former international footballer, lived and went to school in the area.
* Craig Breen, rally driver who competed in the World Rally Championship, attended school in Ferrybank.
# BHD

BHD may refer to:
* Bahraini dinar, the currency of Bahrain (ISO 4217: BHD)
* Berhad (Bhd.), a Malaysian form of company
* Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome, a genetic disorder
* Black Hawk Down (book), a 1999 non-fiction book by Mark Bowden
** Black Hawk Down (film), a 2001 dramatisation
** Delta Force: Black Hawk Down, a 2003 video game
* Bulkhead (disambiguation)
* George Best Belfast City Airport, Northern Ireland (IATA: BHD)
# August F. Marquardt

August F. Marquardt (January 8, 1850 – January 17, 1920) was an American businessman and politician.
Born in Bandekow, Pomerania, Kingdom of Prussia, Marquardt emgranted with his family to the United States in 1866 and settled in Wausau, Wisconsin. Marquardt was in the logging and lumber business. He was also in the banking business. In 1883, Marquardt was elected to the Wausau Common Council. He also served on the city park and water commissions. In 1900, he was elected Sheriff of Marathon County, Wisconsin and was a Republican. From 1905 to 1909, he served in the Wisconsin State Assembly.
He died at his home in Wausau on January 17, 1920.
# Saundra Graham

Saundra Graham (September 5, 1941 – June 23, 2023) was an American independent politician from Cambridge, Massachusetts. She served as a Cambridge City Councilor from 1971 to 1989, and represented the 4th Middlesex district in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1977 to 1988.
In 1968, Graham became a member of the Cambridge Community Center’s board of directors. Two years later, she was chosen as president of the Riverside Planning Team, a group of housing activists in the Cambridge neighborhood of Riverside. In 1970, the Riverside Planning Team interrupted Harvard's commencement ceremony, and Graham stormed the stage and demanded that the university dedicate land in Riverside which had been set aside for a planned dorm to low-income housing. Members of the Harvard Corporation met with Graham and the activists, and after several hours they reached an agreement in which the university would build low-income housing on a different site. The following year, Graham was elected the first African-American woman on the Cambridge City Council, and she went on to become the first Black woman to represent Cambridge in the state legislature.
The Graham and Parks School in Cambridge is named for her and Rosa Parks.
Graham died on June 23, 2023, at the age of 81.
# Hova

Hova may refer to:
* Jay-Z, an American rapper, businessman
* Hova (Madagascar), one of the three main social classes in the pre-colonial Kingdom of Imerina in Madagascar
* Hova, Sweden, a locality
** Battle of Hova, fought in 1275
* French destroyer Hova, a French ship which served in World War I
* USS Hova (DE-110), a World War II Free French and post-war French Navy frigate
* Helge Høva (1928–2010), Norwegian politician
* Hova, a character in the 2006 animated movie The Ant Bully, voiced by Julia Roberts
# Athletics at the 1977 Summer Universiade – Women's shot put

The women's shot put event at the 1977 Summer Universiade was held at the Vasil Levski National Stadium in Sofia on 23 August.

## Results

| Rank | Athlete | Nationality | Result |
| | Elena Stoyanova | Bulgaria | 19.98 |
| | Nina Isayeva | Soviet Union | 19.56 |
| | Helma Knorscheidt | East Germany | 19.29 |
| 4 | Ivanka Petrova | Bulgaria | 19.12 |
| 5 | Vera Tsapkalenko | Soviet Union | 18.52 |
| 6 | Mihaela Loghin | Romania | 18.02 |
| 7 | Valentina Groapa | Romania | 17.05 |
| 8 | Bożena Wojciekian | Poland | 16.16 |
| 9 | Lucette Moreau | Canada | 15.29 |
| 10 | Jennifer Pace | Malta | 11.69 |
# Lucius Vipstanus Messalla (orator)

Lucius Vipstanus Messalla (c. 45 – c. 80) was a Roman military officer, senator, and a noted orator. He appears as a character in Tacitus' Dialogus de oratoribus.

## Biography

Vipstanus Messalla is presumed to be the son of Gaius Vipstanus Messalla Gallus, suffect consul in 48. The younger Messalla was a tribunus militum in 69, stationed with the legion VII Claudia in Moesia which entered the civil war against the emperor Vitellius. He was temporarily in command of the legion in September and October 69, after the legion's legate was forced to flee for his life; later, Messalla wrote an account of the campaign.
Messalla was a friend of the historian Tacitus, who used Messalla's account of the campaign in his own work Histories. Tacitus described Messalla as an outstanding orator; in AD 70, Vipstanus Messalla, who was not yet of senatorial age, defended his older half-brother, the notorious informer Marcus Aquilius Regulus in the Curia Julia. Massalla's family's prestige was sufficient to sway enough of the Senate to reject the charges laid against Regulus.
Messalla likely died during the reign of Titus, possibly during the epidemic that swept through the city in 80. He had at least one son, also named Lucius Vipstanus Messalla.
# Infernal Noise Brigade

The Infernal Noise Brigade was a Seattle, Washington-based musical group, who originally formed to participate in the protests at the WTO Meeting of 1999. Over its seven-year history, the group performed as part of several large-scale protest actions, such as those at the 2000 IMF/World Bank Meeting in Prague, the 2003 WTO Ministerial in Cancún, Mexico, the 2004 United States Republican Party National Convention in New York City, as well as at numerous events in their homebase of Seattle. In July 2005, they participated in the protests against the 31st G8 summit in Scotland as part of a European tour that also brought them to England, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Austria.
Their website describes their music as combining "elements of drumline, taiko, Mughal and North African rhythms, elements of Balkan fanfares, breakbeats, and just about anything else." Although best known for their free (and often confrontational) public performances at political protests, they sometimes performed at more conventional concerts and club gigs, usually featured as part of a musically eclectic program.
Christopher Frizzelle, in an "obituary" for the band in the Seattle-based arts weekly The Stranger, remarked that their "most important and dramatic public events were standoffs with cops" and that they "can be credited for keeping WTO protestors energized, focused, and photogenic… What their parties and their protests had in common was intensity, vividness, and a fun, frightening sense that anything could happen. They were lessons in liberation."
Frizzelle, who travelled with INB on a portion of their European tour, wrote in his review of that tour that the members used "band names", partly to "retain the mystery of the band" and partly to preserve their anonymity from their employers: almost none of the band members are professional musicians. As example, Frizzelle provided the roster from the mainland portion of the European tour: "Annemat, Atomika, B. Q. (whose band name is Red Dot, but no one calls her that), Bluer Than You, Bookworm, Brassbelle, D. P. Punkass ("My whole name is Dread Pirate Punkass, but in print I like to be D. P. Punkass"), DK Pan, Flash, Grey Filastine, Hawtpantz, Ice Frog, In Phase, Megor, Mildred, Mr. Rose, the Professor, Ramon, Satsuma, Skunk, Spider, and Violet."
The Infernal Noise Brigade officially disbanded on July 29, 2006.
Members of Infernal Noise Brigade went on to form Titanium Sporkestra.

## Recordings

* Insurgent Selections for Battery & Voice
* Vamos a la Playa (live in Cancún), 2003
* "L'étincelle"/"Manguera" (single), 2004
* Final Report Volume 6
* Final Report, 2008
* Field Recordings Volume 7
* (with Filastine) No G8 Japan Action Benefit, 2008
* The Final Recordings 2009
# Bebugging

Bebugging (or fault seeding or error seeding) is a popular software engineering technique used in the 1970s to measure test coverage. Known bugs are randomly added to a program source code and the software tester is tasked to find them. The percentage of the known bugs not found gives an indication of the real bugs that remain.
The term "bebugging" was first mentioned in The Psychology of Computer Programming (1970), where Gerald M. Weinberg described the use of the method as a way of training, motivating, and evaluating programmers, not as a measure of faults remaining in a program. The approach was borrowed from the SAGE system, where it was used to keep operators watching radar screens alert. Here's a quote from the original use of the term:
   Overconfidence by the programmer could be attacked by a system that introduced random errors into the program under test. The location and nature of these errors would be recorded inside the system but concealed from the programmer. The rate at which he found and removed these known errors could be used to estimate the rate at which he is removing unknown errors. A similar technique is used routinely by surveillance systems in which an operator is expected to spend eight hours at a stretch looking at a radar screen for very rare events—such as the passing of an unidentified aircraft. Tests of performance showed that it was necessary to introduce some nonzero rate of occurrence of artificial events in order to keep the operator in a satisfactory state of arousal. Moreover, since these events were under control of the system, it was able to estimate the current and overall performance of each operator.
   Although we cannot introduce program bugs which simulate real bugs as well as we can simulate real aircraft on a radar screen, such a technique could certainly be employed both to train and evaluate programmers in program testing. Even if the errors had to be introduced manually by someone else in the project, it would seem worthwhile to try out such a "bebugging" system. It would give the programmer greatly increased motivation, because he now would know:
   * There are errors in his program.
   * He did not put them there.
An early application of bebugging was Harlan Mills's fault seeding approach which was later refined by stratified fault-seeding. These techniques worked by adding a number of known faults to a software system for the purpose of monitoring the rate of detection and removal. This assumed that it is possible to estimate the number of remaining faults in a software system still to be detected by a particular test methodology.
Bebugging is a type of fault injection.
# Portland (Amtrak station)

Portland (Amtrak station) may refer either of two significant train stations that are located on opposite coasts of the United States:
* Union Station (Portland, Oregon), the Amtrak station serving Portland, Oregon
* Portland Transportation Center, the Amtrak station serving Portland, Maine
# Hubbell Butte

Hubbell Butte is a 6,740 ft-elevation summit located in the eastern Grand Canyon, in Coconino County of northern Arizona, United States. It is situated ~1.5 miles northeast of Cape Final (North Rim, Walhalla Plateau,(Kaibab Plateau)). Hubbell Butte lies about 1.0 mile southeast of Siegfried Pyre, both prominences adjacent 2.0 miles east of the Walhalla Plateau. The butte is about 5.0 miles west of the Colorado River, as it flows south through Marble Canyon, and the butte lies in the Upper Lava Creek watershed. Hubbell Butte is composed of Supai Group units, sitting upon Redwall Limestone cliffs. The west flank of Hubbell Butte is on a north section of Lava Creek, and is adjacent, north, to the ridgeline of Siegfried Pyre, with its prominence, and two adjacent sub-prominences.

## History

Hubbell Butte is named for Don Lorenzo Hubbell, a famous trader for the Navajos. The Lorenzo Hubbell Trading Post and Warehouse is his legacy.

## Geography: local prominences

Hubbell Butte, its neighbor south, Poston Butte, and east, Chiavria Point, are all part of the Upper Lava Creek watershed. The headwaters, are at the water divide formed by the Siegfried Pyre ridgeline, which is formed by the upper unit 4 of the Supai Group, the Esplanade Sandstone, a cliff-former, but also forms a horizontal platform. Three prominences are on the ridgeline, Butte 7685, close to the East Rim, (north of Naji Point), and Butte 7602 (Butchart Butte), adjacent the northeast end of the ridgeline.
South of the three landforms in the Upper Lava Creek watershed, are prominences on the water divide between the Upper Unkar Creek watershed, south, and the Upper Basalt Creek watershed, north. Juno Temple is north, and the higher, and more prominent, Jupiter Temple is south. Jupiter Temple is adjacent to Venus and Apollo Temples, southeasterly; Apollo and Venus Temples are upon the basement rocks (below the Great Unconformity), units of the Unkar Group, colorful and dipping at an angle below the Butte Fault, as the Colorado River, changes its south-course into the East Grand Canyon.
Photos looking northwards, can show Point Final, Naji Point, Hubbell Butte, Jupiter Temple, and Venus Temple.