OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cucumis myriocarpus

Cucumis myriocarpus, the gooseberry cucumber, gooseberry gourd, paddy melon, mallee pear or prickly paddy melon, is a prostrate or climbing annual herb native to tropical and southern Africa. It has small, round, yellow-green or green-striped fruit with soft spines, small yellow flowers and deeply lobed, light green leaves. The melon occurs in disturbed soil and cleared or bare areas, and thrives on summer moisture.
The fruit and foliage are toxic due to the presence of cucurbitacin. The plant is toxic to humans as well as to horses, sheep, cattle and pigs and it has been associated with stock deaths. It has been used by humans as an emetic. There are records of poisoning occurring in humans.
The melon is a noxious weed in Australia and in California, where it may also be known as prickly paddy melon, bitter apple, gooseberry gourd and gooseberry cucumber. One of many invasive species in Australia, it is highly damaging to the economy, with the farmers bearing most of the cost.
Cucumis myriocarpus (paddy melon) is often confused with Citrullus lanatus (the Afghan melon, camel melon or bitter wooly melon) in Australia, where both species are introduced. Cucumis myriocarpus has many small fruit, hidden under the leaves. The fruit are smaller than a golf ball and green in colour, developing to yellow on maturity. The larger melons commonly seen on roadsides in rural Australia are in fact Citrullus lanatus, a wild relative of the watermelon. The confusion is widespread in Australia, such that in common parlance, the term "paddy melon" is understood to mean the larger green/yellow fruit of the Citrullus lanatus. Children in rural Australia often use the fruit of this plant as an opportunistic source of entertainment, for example by throwing it at each other's feet, or squeezing the fruit to shoot the seeds at each other.
Paddy and Afghan melons (collectively referred to as wild melons) sometimes occur in mixed infestations in Australia. They vary only slightly in colour and appearance, with Citrullus lanatus leaves being a little more variegated than those of Cucumis myriocarpus. Fruit size is the clearest identifying factor. However, management of all wild melons is similar, apart from some variation in sensitivity to the herbicide glyphosate. Mechanical removal of small infestations is the simplest control method, and cultivation at early stages of growth can be effective. Large infestations are sometimes controlled by the spray-graze method, in which plants are sprayed with a sublethal dose of hormone herbicide to make them more palatable to stock, and the area is heavily grazed three days later. Toxicity is managed by making other feed available.
Both wild melon species have a similar unpleasant odor when broken or disturbed. That makes them less palatable to stock, so poisoning tends to occur only when little other feed is available.
The plant occurs in Spain, where it is naturalized and known by the common names of habanera or sandía habanera.
# Joseph Earl Perry

Joseph Earl Perry (December 30, 1884 – November 3, 1983) was an American politician who was the member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives from the 27th Middlesex district.
# George R. Sprague

George R. Sprague (June 19, 1938– August 30, 2016) was an American politician who was the member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives from the 59th Middlesex district.
# Dorothy Van Engle

Dorothy Van Engle (August 14, 1910 – May 10, 2004) was an American actress who performed throughout the 1930s. She starred in Oscar Micheaux films, including Murder in Harlem and Swing!. Beautiful and sophisticated, she wore fashionable "updos" in her films.

## History
### Early life

Born Donessa Dorothy Van Engle in Harlem, New York, on August 14, 1910, she grew up with her mother and stepfather, being influenced by the latter's band and show business activities. It was through these acquaintances that she first met Oscar Micheaux and began starring in his films. Before that point, she had been working as a model and it was through these jobs that she made money, as Micheaux's low budget films never had the money to properly pay the actors. But, in her own words, she stated that she acted for fun and enjoyed the "adventure" such roles gave her. Also working as a seamstress, she made her own costumes for her film roles.

### Film career

Cast as the main female lead in the 1935 film Murder in Harlem, Engle acted as a strong female character who actually solved the private eye's cases rather than the male lead. The film's subject matter and original source events were criticized, however, along with Engle and the other actress's acting in the film, as if their lines were being delivered with an "air of artificiality". In 1938's Swing!, she played the role of an assistant producer to the black male lead who played a producer character and it was her role that was responsible for making the critical show idea that allowed the male lead to be successful in the film. Ohio State University's professor of film studies, J. Ronald Green, described her as one of the few primary women actors cast by Micheaux and she frequently played intelligent and strong-minded characters that acted as a "proto-feminist role" for women at the time. Green further stated that it was these race films that were the sole source of positive representation of black Americans in media during the early half of the 20th century.

## Personal life

She married Herbert Hollon and left her acting career behind to start a family as Donessa Dorothy Hollon. She had two sons and several grandchildren. She lived with her husband, a building superintendent, in New York and New Jersey before moving to Florida in 1978. She lived in Port Charlotte and worked at a library after her husband's death in 1992. She spent her final months in Ocala and died at the age of 93.

## Filmography

* The Girl from Chicago (1932)
* Harlem After Midnight (1934)
* Murder in Harlem (1935)
* Temptation (1935)
* Swing! (1938) as Lena Powell
* God's Step Children (1938) as Naomi's mother (uncredited)
* Lying Lips (1939)
# Walter T. Burke

Walter T. Burke (November 26, 1911– March 14, 2007) was an American politician who was the member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives from the 54th Middlesex district.
# Bobrowicz

Bobrowicz (Lithuanian: Babravičius, Belarusian and Russian: Bobrovich) is a Polish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Edmund V. Bobrowicz (1919–2003), American politician
* Jacek Bobrowicz (born 1962), Polish footballer
* Jan Nepomucen Bobrowicz (1805–1881), Polish guitarist and music composer
# List of Olympic records in short-track speed skating

This is the list of current Olympic records in short track speed skating.

## Men's records

| Event | Time | Name | Nation | Games | Date |
| 500 metres | 39.584 | Wu Dajing | China (CHN) | 2018 Pyeongchang | 22 February 2018 |
| 1000 metres | 1:23.042 | Hwang Dae-heon | South Korea (KOR) | 2022 Beijing | 5 February 2022 |
| 1500 metres | 2:09.213 | Shaolin Sándor Liu | Hungary (HUN) | 2022 Beijing | 9 February 2022 |
| 5000 metre relay | 6:31.971 | Shaoang Liu Shaolin Sándor Liu Viktor Knoch Csaba Burján | Hungary (HUN) | 2018 Pyeongchang | 22 February 2018 |

## Women's records

♦ denotes a performance that is also a current world record.
| Event | Time | Name | Nation | Games | Date |
| 500 metres | 42.379 | Suzanne Schulting | Netherlands (NED) | 2022 Beijing | 5 February 2022 |
| 1000 metres | 1:26.514 | Suzanne Schulting | Netherlands (NED) | 2022 Beijing | 11 February 2022 |
| 1500 metres | 2:16.831 | Choi Min-jeong | South Korea (KOR) | 2022 Beijing | 16 February 2022 |
| 3000 metre relay | 4:03.409 | Suzanne Schulting Selma Poutsma Xandra Velzeboer Yara van Kerkhof | Netherlands (NED) | 2022 Beijing | 13 February 2022 |

## Mixed records

| Event | Time | Name | Nation | Games | Date | Ref |
| 2000 metre relay | 2:36.437 | Suzanne Schulting Xandra Velzeboer Itzhak de Laat Jens van 't Wout | Netherlands (NED) | 2022 Beijing | 5 February 2022 | |
# Cocoron

Cocoron is a 1991 video game developed by K2 and published by Takeru for the Family Computer. A version for the PC Engine was announced, but was not released.

## Gameplay

Cocoron is a side-scrolling action game. It features full character customization, allowing players to build a character from a toy box filled with spare parts.

## Development

Cocoron was directed by Akira Kitamura, who had previously designed the character Mega Man. Kitamura had left Capcom to form the company Takeru. The score was created by Takashi Tateishi, who also did the music to Mega Man 2. According to Tateishi, Kitamura requested "more cutesy" music for the game than previous titles. The artist for the game was Takashi "Utata Kiyoshi" Kogure.
Capcom wanted to release Mega Man 3 to market before Cocoron, and they refused to delay the title despite internal problems of production.

## Release

The game was released in Japan on May 3, 1991.
A port of the game to the PC Engine, titled PC Cocoron was announced, and was previewed in various magazines, including Weekly Famitsu, and Console Plus #28. Ultimately however, it was not released, and a copy of PC Cocoron is in the possession of the Game Preservation Society.

## Reception

Review score :
| Publication | Score |
| PlayStation Magazine (JP) | 19.7/30 |
Japanese gaming magazine Famitsu gave it a score of 26 out of 40.
Family Computer Magazine readers voted to give it a 19.7 out of 30 score.
Wired writer Chris Kohler called the game boring, repetitive, and difficult.
# 2019 Romanian Presidency of the Council of the European Union

The 2019 Romanian Presidency of the Council of the European Union was Romania's first Presidency of the Council of the European Union. It lasted from 1 January to 30 June 2019.
Romania started preparations for taking over the presidency of the Council of the European Union in 2017, organising several meetings of the Presidency Trio (composed of Romania, Finland and Croatia) and appointing and training numerous additional staff to ensure an appropriate chairing of the office. The Romanian presidency took measures in various areas such as economy, employment, energy, environmental protection, finance, justice, home affairs and social affairs. A notable milestone was the adoption of carbon dioxide (CO$_2$) reduction targets for heavy-duty vehicles within the whole European Union, more precisely a 30% reduction by 2030.
On 9 May, during Europe Day, an informal summit in the Romanian city of Sibiu with the participation of the heads of state of all 27 EU member states and several other relevant European politicians took place. The priorities of the EU in the coming years were discussed and the so-called Sibiu Declaration was adopted. The summit also saw several bilateral meetings between various European leaders and politicians, as well as the meeting between Chancellor of Germany Angela Merkel and representatives of the Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania. The European heads of state received a warm welcome by the inhabitants of the city. The summit was praised afterwards by several European political figures.
Donald Tusk, President of the European Council, congratulated the Romanian presidency, calling it "an energetic and successful presidency" with an "impressive" management. The Romanian presidency was succeeded by the 2019 Finnish one.
# Phil Pietroniro

Phil Pietroniro (born 27 May 1994) is a Canadian-born Italian ice hockey player who currently playing for Rytíři Kladno of the Czech Extraliga.
He represented Italy at the 2021 IIHF World Championship.
# Mursia

Mursia is a genus of crabs in the family Calappidae, containing the following species:
* Mursia africana Galil, 1993
* Mursia armata De Haan, 1837
* Mursia aspera Alcock, 1899
* Mursia aurorae Galil & Ng, 2009
* Mursia australiensis Campbell, 1971
* Mursia baconaua Galil & Takeda, 2004
* Mursia balguerii Desbonne in Desbonne & Schramm, 1867
* Mursia bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1895
* Mursia buwaya Galil & Takeda, 2004
* Mursia coseli Crosnier, 1997
* Mursia cristiata H. Milne-Edwards, 1837
* Mursia cristimanus De Haan, 1837
* Mursia curtispina Miers, 1886
* Mursia danigoi Galil, 1993
* Mursia diwata Galil & Takeda, 2004
* Mursia flamma Galil, 1993
* Mursia hawaiiensis Rathbun, 1894
* Mursia longispina Crosnier, 1997
* Mursia mameleu Galil & Takeda, 2004
* Mursia mcdowelli Manning & Chace, 1990
* †Mursia marcusana Rathbun, 1926
* Mursia microspina Davie & Short, 1989
* Mursia minuta Spiridonov & Apel, 2007
* Mursia musorstomia Galil, 1993
* Mursia orientalia Galil & Takeda, 2005
* Mursia poupini Galil, 2001
* Mursia spinimanus Rathbun, 1906
* Mursia steinhardti Galil & Ng, 2009
* Mursia trispinosa Parisi, 1914
* Mursia xianshengi Lai & Galil, 2006
* Mursia zarenkovi Galil & Spiridonov, 1998
# Lex petrolea

Lex petrolea is a proposed sub branch of lex mercatoria that would be based on the body of international arbitral awards related to the petroleum industry. The first use of the term was in the landmark arbitration case Government of the State of Kuwait v. American Independent Oil Co. (AMINOIL) where the argument was made that the past disputes had "generated a customary rule valid for the oil industry - a lex petrolea that was in some sort a particular branch of a general universal lex mercatoria".
# Spin (b-boy move)

A spin is a b-boying move that involves rotation of the breaker's body about some axis in contact with the ground. It is possible to perform a spin on virtually any part of the body, but bare skin often causes painful and spin-killing friction with the floor. To solve this problem, many breakers employ pieces of cloth or wear long clothing, pads, or caps. When the dancer uses his hands to aid in speeding up the spin, it is called tapping. A dancer may tap for a few rotations and then glide for subsequent rotations. Spins form an integral part of many breakers' routines, while others eschew them in favor of more complex-looking repeated movements, back and forth, after each rotation in a given direction.

## Variants

* 1990s and 2000s are spinning handstands sometimes considered to be power moves. The term 1990 was created by ken swift of the Rocksteady crew but the actual move of spinning on one hand was created by Spinner of the Dynamic Rockers who at the time called it a hand spin. Kenny's move was a little different where he went up on a one arm hand stand and dropped to a shoulder spin. Spinner's move is the one that many b-boys around the world have named the 1990.
* Back Spin - A spin on the upper back. The legs are often tucked into the chest and the move is often linked with windmills. This move was developed by JoJo of the Rock Steady Crew. The current record holder for most backspins is Bboy RTHYM with a total of 92 spins performed on June 3, 2021. The former record was also held by RTHYM with 83 spins.
* Hand Glide - A one-armed spinning breakdance move. The breaker balances on one arm that has the elbow stabbed into the torso. The other hand pulls against the floor to spin the body in a circle. The move is usually performed with a glove to reduce friction.
** Sideways Hand Glide - This variation looks like a Freeze (breakdance move) but is executed on the side after the handglide pick up speed the usually go to the side.
* Headspins - The body is balanced vertically with only the head in contact with the floor. This spin is perhaps the one most commonly associated with breakdancing. Kid Freeze was considered the best in head spin in the early '80s the pioneer and master of headspin.
* Knee Spin - A spin on one or both knees, normally usually in the kneeling position. Breakers often perform freezes or stylish movements of the upper body while spinning.
* Chair Kneespin - A spin on one knee and bringing the right or left foot in front of the non spinning knee ankle of the non spinning foot is placed usually in front of spinning knee kneeling position. Breakers often perform stylish movements of the upper body while performing the (Chair Kneespin) spinning back to their feet.
* Icey-Ice - Spinning in a chair position having the head grounded.
* Side Chair Spin - Spinning in a side chair position.
* Air Chair Spin - Spinning in an air chair position.
# William H. Hodgkins

William Henry Hodgkins (June 9, 1840 – September 24, 1905) was an American politician who served in the Massachusetts State Senate, as a member and President of the Somerville, Massachusetts, Common Council and as the eighth Mayor of Somerville, Massachusetts.
# Charles Hubbard (artist)

Charles Hubbard (1801–1875) was an artist in Boston, Massachusetts in the 19th century. He kept a studio on Tremont Row and was affiliated with the Boston Artists' Association. He served as state senator from 1851-1852.

## Biography

Hubbard trained with J.R. Penniman. From 1822 to 1823 Hubbard formed a business partnership with ornamental and sign painters Samuel Curtis and B.B. Curtis as "Curtis's & Hubbard" (also known as "Curtises & Hubbard"). They produced a variety of painting, "in a plain and neat, or rich and ornamental style as may be requested," including "military standard, plain and ornamental sign, fancy, masonic, landscape, glass, clock and timepiece dial; designs and drawings for cards, diplomas, &c; transparencies ... for window curtains." Clients included the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts; the Chester Light Infantry of Chester, New Hampshire; and the Haverhill Light Infantry Company of Haverhill, Massachusetts.
He joined the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts in 1822. "He was an ensign of a company in the 2nd Regiment, 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, M.V.M., from 1822-1825, lieutenant of the same from 1826-1828, and subsequently was promoted to be captain."
In 1823 he contributed to the July 4th festivities in Hingham, Massachusetts. "The dawn of this interesting day was, as usual, ushered in by the ringing of bells. ... At an early hour a numerous collection of beauty and fashion, alive to the feelings of which the occasion inspired, assembled to witness the presentation to the Hingham Rifle Company, of an elegant stand of colours, painted by Mr. Charles Hubbard, of Boston, in a style which does great credit to the talents of the artist."
Hubbard married Amelia Jane Ripley in 1826; they had several children, including Charles Hubbard Jr. (b. 1835).
He exhibited work at Harding's Gallery in 1834; and in the first exhibition of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association in 1837, and again 1844. By 1852 he was "an artist of some celebrity."
Hubbard moved his residence "to Chelsea in 1835, serving the city as selectman and chairman of the school committee. In 1851 and again in 1852 he represented his district (of Suffolk) in the senate of the General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts."
# Harvey Jewell

Harvey Jewell (May 26, 1820 – December 8, 1881) was a U.S. lawyer and politician who served as the Speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1868 to 1871.

## Biography

Jewell was born in Winchester, New Hampshire on May 26, 1820, the first of ten children born to Pliny and Emily Alexander Jewell. His younger brother, Marshall Jewell (1825-1883) would later be elected Governor of Connecticut and would serve as President Grant's United States Postmaster General.
Jewell graduated from Dartmouth College in 1844. He moved to Boston, Massachusetts, in 1847 where he began his legal career and became active in local and state politics. He wed Susan A. Bradley on December 26, 1849.
Jewell was originally a Whig until the dissolution of the party in the 1850s and later became a Republican. In 1861 he was elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives and was re-elected for the 1862 session. He returned again to serve from 1866 until 1871, serving his last four 1-year terms as Speaker. Jewell acquired a reputation for "able and impartial rulings." After his retirement from the general court, he served on the Court of Commissioners of Alabama Claims from 1875 to 1876.
At his residence on Beacon Street in Boston, he owned "a magnificent library, stored with the choicest and most valuable gems of literature." Jewell was an enthusiastic fisherman, and an expert in the capture of striped bass off the rocks at Swampscott, Massachusetts, where he had a summer cottage.
Jewell died at his home in Boston at the age of 61 on December 8, 1881. He was buried at Mount Auburn Cemetery.
# Ralph L. Atherton

Ralph Lockwood Atherton (June 30, 1842 – December 20, 1916) was an American politician from Gill, Massachusetts, who served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives after being elected to the 110th Massachusetts General Court in 1888 for the 3rd District of Franklin County, Massachusetts.

## Early life

Atherton was born into a farming community in Gill, Massachusetts. His father, Zora Atherton (1811–1903) was a local farmer, as were his paternal ancestors. His mother was Mary Ann Porter Phillips (1818–1880), the daughter of Israel Bascom Phillips and Dorothy Sage. He was educated in public schools in Franklin County, Massachusetts.

## Career

He was a soldier in the American Civil War from Massachusetts, prior to being a state legislator for Massachusetts during the late 19th century; a veteran of the 10th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment. He was badly injured in the Battle of Seven Pines, losing an arm. His elder brother, William Bugbee Atherton also served in the same regiment.
Atherton was elected as a Democratic candidate at a state level in 1888, and served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives in the 1889 legislature, in the 110th Massachusetts General Court. With an extensive record of public service, he later became chairman of the Board of selectmen.
He was a close friend of Massachusetts Governor William E. Russell, who appointed him as a Justice of the peace. He later served his local community in a number of other official roles, initially in Montague, and from 1889, in Turners Falls.
A lifelong Democrat, and an early supporter of William Jennings Bryan, Atherton was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1896, which took place in Chicago, and notable for Bryan’s Cross of Gold speech, considered as one of the greatest political speeches in American history.

## Personal life

Atherton had ten siblings. He married Alma J. Bascom on December 18, 1863, in Gill, Massachusetts after being honorably discharged. They had three daughters. He died in Deerfield, Massachusetts on December 20, 1916.

## Ancestry

Atherton was a New England descendant of Puritan heritage, whose ancestors had settled in Massachusetts Bay Colony. He is a direct descendant of Major General Humphrey Atherton, via Hope Atherton and Sarah Hollister (1646–1691) who moved to the region in the 17th century. His relatives include Samuel Atherton, Ray Atherton, Adelbert S. Atherton, Arlon S. Atherton, Percy Lee Atherton and Walter Atherton.
# Chlorocyphidae

Chlorocyphidae is a family of damselflies, commonly known as jewels or heliodors. These are colorful species native to the Old World tropics, where they occur along forest streams. They are most diverse in Southeast Asia.

## Systematics

This family is monophyletic, containing about 20 genera. The Global Biodiversity Information Facility currently (December 2024) includes:
* Africocypha Pinhey, 1961
* Aristocypha Laidlaw, 1950
* Calocypha Fraser, 1928
* Chlorocypha Fraser, 1928
* Cyrano Needham & Gyger, 1939
* Disparocypha Ris, 1916
* Heliocypha Fraser, 1949
* Heterocypha Laidlaw, 1950 (monotypic)
* Indocypha Fraser, 1949
* Libellago Selys, 1840
* Melanocypha Fraser, 1949
* Micromerus Rambur, 1842 - Java?
* Pachycypha Lieftinck, 1950
* Paracypha Fraser, 1949
* Platycypha Fraser, 1949
* Rhinocypha Rambur, 1842
* Rhinoneura Laidlaw, 1915
* Stenocypha Dijkstra, 2013
* Sundacypha Laidlaw, 1950
* Watuwila van Tol, 1998

## Gallery

* Libellago lineata, male
* Platycypha caligata
* Platycypha fitzsimonsi