OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# MeasuringWorth

MeasuringWorth is a free online service to calculate relative economic value over time using price indexes. It has data sets, charts, and comparators for prices in several currencies and economic time series for stock markets and the price of gold. The site's comparisons over time were used in over 200 academic works each year in 2018 and 2019.

## Services

MeasuringWorth.com has calculators offering measures of the price of gold since the year 1257, comparisons of the British pound sterling to the U.S. dollar since 1791, and other "comparators." Such conversions make implicit assumptions about opportunity costs, and how the potential buyers and sellers would have used their resources given the available alternatives. Therefore, there are multiple comparators for the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and Spain. The site also hosts essays and academic papers on the subject of long-term comparisons of economic value.

## History

The site spun off from online comparators at EH.net, the Economic History Association's web site, which continues to host several of the relevant data sets.
# Limnoporus dissortis

Limnoporus dissortis is a species of water strider in the family Gerridae. It is found in North America.
# Alan E. Ashcraft Jr.

Alan Emerson Ashcraft Jr. (March 5, 1906 – May 6, 1961) was an American politician and judge.

## Biography

Ashcraft was born in Beloit, Wisconsin. He graduated from Deerfield Academy in Deerfield, Massachusetts. Ashcraft went to University of Vermont and to Northwestern Pritzker School of Law. Ashcraft practiced law in Chicago, Illinois. He lived in Evanston, Illinois and served on the Evanston City Council from 1935 to 1941. Ashcraft then served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1941 to 1945 and was involved with the Republican Party. Ashcraft served as an Illinois Superior Court judge from 1947 until his death. Ashcrafy died in a hospital in Evanston, Illinois following a cerebral hemorrhage.
# Zhorzholiani

Zhorzholiani or Jorjoliani (Georgian: ჟორჟოლიანი) is a Georgian family name from the Svaneti region. Notable people with the surname include:
* Irakli Zhorzholiani (born 1987), Georgian politician and scientist
* Levan Zhorzholiani (born 1988), Georgian judoka
* Nanuka Zhorzholiani (born 1979), Georgian television host and journalist
# List of provosts of the Queen's College, Oxford

The head of the Queen's College, Oxford, is the Provost. The current Provost is Dr Claire Craig.
| Name | From | To | Notes |
| Robert de Eglesfield | 1341 | 1349 | Founding provost |
| William de Muskham | 1349 | 1350 | |
| John de Hotham | 1350 | 1361 | |
| Henry Whitfield | 1361 | 1377 | |
| Thomas de Carlisle | 1377 | 1404 | |
| Roger Whelpdale | 1404 | 1420 | |
| Walter Bell | 1420 | 1426 | |
| Roland Byres | 1426 | 1432 | |
| Thomas Eglesfield | 1432 | 1440 | |
| William Spenser | 1440 | 1460 | |
| John Pereson | 1460 | 1483 | |
| Henry Bost | 1483 | 1487 | Previously Provost of Eton College |
| Thomas Langton | 1487 | 1496 | |
| Christopher Bainbridge | 1496 | 1508 | Subsequently Archbishop of York |
| Edward Rigge | 1508 | 1515 | |
| John Pantre | 1515 | 1541 | |
| William Denysson | 1541 | 1559 | |
| Hugh Hodgson | 1559 | 1561 | |
| Thomas Francis | 1561 | 1563 | |
| Lancelot Shaw | 1563 | 1565 | |
| Alan Scot | 1565 | 1575 | |
| Bartholomew Bousfield | 1575 | 1581 | |
| Henry Robinson | 1581 | 1598 | |
| Henry Airay | 1598 | 1616 | |
| Barnaby Potter | 1616 | 1626 | |
| Christopher Potter | 1626 | 1646 | |
| Gerard Langbaine the elder | 1646 | 1658 | |
| Thomas Barlow | 1658 | 1675 | |
| Timothy Halton | 1677 | 1704 | |
| William Lancaster | 1704 | 1717 | |
| John Gibson | 1717 | 1730 | |
| Joseph Smith | 1730 | 1756 | |
| Joseph Browne | 1756 | 1767 | |
| Thomas Fothergill | 1767 | 1796 | |
| Septimus Collinson | 1796 | 1827 | |
| John Fox | 1827 | 1855 | |
| William Thomson | 1855 | 1862 | Subsequently Archbishop of York |
| William Jackson | 1862 | 1878 | |
| John Richard Magrath | 1878 | 1930 | |
| E. M. Walker | 1930 | 1933 | |
| B. H. Streeter | 1933 | 1937 | |
| R. H. Hodgkin | 1937 | 1946 | |
| Lord Franks | 1946 | 1948 | |
| John Walter Jones | 1948 | 1962 | |
| Lord Florey | 1962 | 1968 | |
| Lord Blake | 1968 | 1987 | |
| John Moffatt | 1987 | 1993 | |
| Geoffrey Marshall | 1993 | 1999 | |
| Sir Alan Budd | 1999 | 2008 | |
| Paul Madden | 2008 | 2019 | |
| Claire Craig | 2019 | 2025 | |
| Paul Johnson | 2025 | | |
# Zbigniew Gut

Zbigniew Gut (Polish pronunciation:; 17 April 1949 – 27 March 2010) was a Polish footballer who played as a defender. He represented Poland at the 1974 FIFA World Cup and the 1972 Summer Olympics. The club he was with for the longest part of his career was Odra Opole. His other clubs were Iskra Wymiarki, Promień Żary, Lech Poznań, Stade Français, Red Star FC and CA Maurienne.

## Honours

Poland
* Olympic gold medal: 1972
* FIFA World Cup third place: 1974
# Hypsopygia costalis

Hypsopygia costalis, the gold triangle or clover hay moth, is a species of moth of the family Pyralidae. It was described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1775 and is found in Europe.
The wingspan is 16–23 mm.The forewings are purple, sometimes blackish-sprinkled; median part of costa dotted with yellow; lines yellow, nearly straight, forming large spots on costa; a terminal line and cilia yellow. Hindwings as forewings, but lines much nearer together, irregularly curved, not forming costal spots.
The adult moths fly from May to July, depending on the location. The supposed species H. aurotaenialis is included here pending further study.
The caterpillars feed on dry vegetable matter. They have been found in haystacks or thatching, as well as in chicken (Gallus) and magpie (Pica) nests. The caterpillar is injurious to clover hay, and to other hay when mixed with clover. Its depredations can be prevented by keeping the hay dry and well ventilated, as the insect preferably breeds in moist or matted material such as is to be found in the lower parts of haystacks, where affected hay becomes filled with webbings of the caterpillars and their excrement, rendering it unfit for feeding. A treatment is to burn the webbed material and to thoroughly clean the affected location.

## Synonyms

Junior synonyms of this species are:
* Hypsopygia aurotaenialis (Christoph, 1881) (but see above)
* Hypsopygia rubrocilialis (Staudinger, 1870)
* Phalaena costalis Fabricius, 1775
* Pyralis fimbrialis Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775
* Pyralis hyllalis Walker, 1859
* Tortrix purpurana Thunberg, 1784
* Pyralis costalis
* Hypsopygia syriaca Zerny, 1914
* Pyralis unipunctalis Mathew, 1914
* Pyralis ustocilialis Fuchs, 1903

## Footnotes

* 1 2 "Notes on Some Insects of the Season". Retrieved 8 February 2011.
* ↑ Meyrick, E., 1895 A Handbook of British Lepidoptera MacMillan, London pdf This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Keys and description
* ↑ lepiforum.de includes images This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
* ↑ Parsons, M. Clancey, C. 2023 A Guide to the Pyralid and Crambid Moths of Britain and Ireland Atropos Publishing ISBN: 9780955108648
* ↑ Goater, B., Dyke . G. and Tweedie, R. 1986 British Pyralid Moths: A Guide to Their Identification ISBN 10: 0946589089 ISBN 13: 9780946589081
* 1 2 See references in Savela (2009)
* ↑ Grabe (1942)
* ↑ Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). "Hay-worm" . Encyclopedia Americana.
# Cychrus rugicollis

Cychrus rugicollis is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily of Carabinae. It was described by K. & J. Daniel in 1898.
# Bäumer Aero

Bäumer Aero GmbH was a German aircraft manufacturing company founded by and named after Paul Bäumer. It is noted for producing the Bäumer Sausewind monoplane sports aircraft.

## History

Paul Bäumer and Harry von Bülow-Bothkamp, were successful fighter pilots in the first World War, and founded Bäumer Aero GmbH in Hamburg on the 7th of November 1922 for the purpose of the sale of aircraft, accessories for airports and airships.
Initially sales of aircraft were from Udet Flugzeugbau and Dietrich Flugzeugwerke. The first aircraft model to be produced was the “Red Bird” motor glider in 1924.
In 1925 the company became generally known for their Bäumer Sausewind sports aircraft which was successful in the 1925 Round Germany Flight. A total of four copies of the successful Sausewind model were built.
This was followed by the Alsterkind and Puck models.
The design and construction team consisted of the young engineers Walter Günter, Walter Mertens and Werner Meyer-Cassel. Walter Günter's twin brother Siegfried joined in 1926.
On the 15th of July 1927, Paul Bäumer was instantly killed when the Rohrbach Ro IX he was demonstrating to a Turkish army commission crashed. After climbing to 5,000 meters, the plane entered a spin and he was unable to recover and hit the water of the Öresund, near Copenhagen. As he was prime driving force of the company, all development and planning work came to a standstill. It took nearly a year before the Sausewind IV was completed in May 1928. Another year elapsed before the new Libelle model was produced. The new model was not successful, with both examples crashing. The company was liquidated at the end of 1930.

## Products
### Aircraft

* Bäumer B I Roter Vogel
* Bäumer Sausewind
* B III Alsterkind
* Bäumer B V Puck
# User exit

A user exit is a subroutine invoked by a software package for a predefined event in the execution of the package. In some cases the exit is specified by the installation when configuring the package while in other cases the users of the package can substitute their own subroutines in place of the default ones provided by the package vendor to provide customized functionality. In some cases security controls restrict exits to authorized users, e.g., EXCP appendages in MVS.
The earliest use of this term involved operating systems to let customized code temporarily take control when a pre-designated event occurred.
A more typical use is replacing the user exits provided by a sort/merge package, whereby the user program provides its own subroutines for comparing records. The procedures provided by the user take the place of the default routines (usually stubs that do nothing but return to their caller) provided by the package vendor.
Procedures provided as user exits are typically compiled into a static library and linked directly with the package to produce an executable program. Another approach employs dynamic libraries to accomplish the same thing.
Finally, user exits may be external programs executed at specific points in the execution of a host package.

## History

Historically, this term is commonly used in IBM mainframe vernacular.
* Title: z/OS V1R10 DFSMS Installation Exits Document Number: SC26-7396-11
* Title: z/OS V1R10.0 JES2 Installation Exits Document Number: SA22-7534-10
* Title: z/OS V1R10.0 MVS Installation Exits Document Number: SA22-7593-14

## Restrictions

If the user site specific code is substituted for the software vendor provided default exit it must interface to the software package using the defined parameters as documented for the default exit. User exits are important because while they enable site specific customization they isolate such installation specific customization to defined and supported points enabling the site to upgrade to follow-on releases of the software package without adverse impact to preexisting customized functionality. Some references to IBM user exit manuals are given below. Other vendors such as SAP, Oracle, IFS, HP, Macro4, Compuware, CA all employ user exits in some of their software products.

### Example

In SAP, A 'COMMIT WORK' must never be used inside a User Exit, as it may affect the program processing. Furthermore, error messages may not be issued from inside an exit, as they halt the processing of the code that follows the message.

### Enforcing standards

If files containing user-created content are meant to follow a standard, the (file) Open command of a word-processing document can invoke a user exit that does validation and, if necessary, returns an error code.

## Applications

Some applications that provide user exits:
* Apache Subversion allows "hooks", which are "scripts that run when an action is performed"
* IBM CICS
* IBM CMVC user exits in the form of Kornshell scripts
* IBM JES 2 and 3
* IBM MVS, SMS, z/OS and dozens of sub-components such as RACF, SMF, etc.
* IBM sort/merge package
* Oracle CC&B
* SAP R3
# AutoGyro Cavalon

The Autogyro Cavalon is a German autogyro, designed and produced by AutoGyro GmbH of Hildesheim. It was introduced at the 2011 Aero show in Friedrichshafen. The aircraft is supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

## Design and development

The Cavalon is a two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration development of the tandem-seating AutoGyro Calidus. It features a single main rotor, an enclosed cockpit with a complete aerodynamic cockpit fairing, tricycle landing gear with wheel pants and a four-cylinder, air and liquid-cooled, four-stroke, dual-ignition 100 hp (75 kW) Rotax 912 engine or turbocharged 115 hp (86 kW) Rotax 914 or 135 hp (101 kW) Rotax 915iS engine in pusher configuration.
The aircraft fuselage is made from composites and is a faired teardrop shape to ensure smooth airflow over the variable pitch pusher propeller. Its 8.4 m (27.6 ft) diameter rotor has a chord of 20 cm (7.9 in). The aircraft has a gross weight of 450 kg (990 lb). The design incorporates vibration dampers that greatly reduce the level of main rotor vibration transmitted to the cockpit.
The design was developed into the AutoGyro eCavalon electric aircraft in 2013.

## Operational history

By October 2019, 50 examples had been registered in the United States with the Federal Aviation Administration, all of them in the Experimental - Amateur-built category.
Gendarmerie General Command of Turkey uses a total of 9 units.

## Specifications (Cavalon)

Data from Manufacturer and the World Directory of Leisure Aviation 2011-12
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Capacity: 1 passenger
* Length: 4.6 m (15 ft 1 in)
* Width: 1.9 m (6 ft 3 in)
* Height: 2.8 m (9 ft 2 in)
* Gross weight: 450 kg (992 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Rotax 912ULS horizontally opposed four cylinder, liquid and air-cooled, four stroke aircraft engine, 75 kW (100 hp)
* Main rotor diameter: 8.4 m (27 ft 7 in)
* Propellers: 3-bladed composite
Performance
* Maximum speed: 160 km/h (99 mph, 86 kn)
* Cruise speed: 145 km/h (90 mph, 78 kn)
# Chale Sonbak Desert

The Chale Sonbak Desert is located in south-west of Maranjab Desert, Iran and around north of Abuzeydabad.
# Swettenham Pier

Swettenham Pier is a pier within the city of George Town in Penang, Malaysia. Established in 1904, it is the busiest port-of-call in Malaysia for cruise shipping. The pier plays a vital role as a major entry point for tourists into Penang, aside from the Penang International Airport and land connections.
Other than cruise shipping, Swettenham Pier, located at Weld Quay, has hosted warships as well. Navy ships from several nations, including Singapore, Thailand and the United States, have berthed at the pier in the past.

## History

Towards the end of the 19th century, as maritime traffic into the Port of Penang continued to increase and railway lines in the Malay Peninsula were being built, the expansion of the Port of Penang became crucial. The construction of Swettenham Pier, undertaken by engineers Coude, Sons and Matthews, commenced in 1901. Upon its completion in 1904, the T-shaped pier provided 600 ft (180 m) of wharfage.
Originally, the pier was known as the 'Iron Pier'. It was subsequently renamed Swettenham Pier, in honour of Frank Swettenham, the then Governor of the Straits Settlements.
Swettenham Pier's initial capacity proved insufficient. In 1911, the pier was extended by 345 ft (105 m) to the north and 255 ft (78 m) to the south, bringing the overall length of the pier to 1,200 ft (370 m).
Between 1942 and 1944, at the height of World War II, the pier was used as a submarine base by the Japanese, German and Italian navies.
Up until the late 1960s, steamers and other cargo vessels with a draft of up to 27 ft (8.2 m) used to dock at Swettenham Pier. The pier's heyday was abruptly ended, however, with the revocation of George Town's free port status by the Malaysian federal government in 1969.
In the early 2000s, Swettenham Pier was upgraded into a cruise shipping terminal. The Swettenham Pier Cruise Terminal, with a new three-storey building and an aerobridge, was completed in 2009. George Town's cruise tourism industry has been booming ever since, with Swettenham Pier soon attracting cruise ships of increasing size, such as the RMS Queen Mary 2. In 2017, Swettenham Pier overtook Port Klang as the busiest cruise shipping harbour in Malaysia.
Plans have also been drawn up for the expansion of Swettenham Pier in the near future to accommodate larger cruise ships.

## Operational statistics

| Year | Total international arrivals |
| 2014 | 110,715 |
| 2015 | 187,494 |
| 2016 | 213,566 |
| 2017 | 358,529 |
| 2018 | 341,138 |
| 2019 | 409,943 |
| 2020 | 85,691 |
| 2021 | 0 |
| 2022 | 439,012 |
| 2023 | 573,178 |
# Friedrich Hillegeist

Friedrich Hillegeist (21 February 1895 – 3 December 1973) was an Austrian politician.

## Life

After attending the Academy of Commerce from 1913 to 1929, Hillegeist worked as a Clerk at Siemens-Schuckert in Vienna. From 1929 he was secretary of the Federation of industry employees in Austria. In 1934 he was a recruiter for small life insurance with the insurance company Phoenix. During the period of National Socialism, he was detained for 14 months, from 1 September 1939 until the end of April 1940, in the Buchenwald concentration camp.
After World War II, Hillegeist committed again to the union movement: he became Chairman of employees Insurance Institution in 1948, President of the International Federation of Commercial in 1955, and Vice-President of the Austrian Trade Union Federation and President of the Federation of Austrian Social Insurance Institutions in 1959. From 1962, he was Honorary Chairman of the Austrian Trade Union Federation.
From 1945 to 1962 he was Member of Parliament and from 1961 to 1962, Second President of the National Council.
In the second District of Vienna, the street in which the main of the pension insurance institution is located is named after him.

## Awards

* 1956: Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria
* 1957: Grand Silver Medal with Ribbon for Services to the Republic of Austria
# Stefan Geosits

Stefan Geosits (Croatian: Štefan Geošić, Hungarian: Geosits István; 27 August 1927 – 20 June 2022) was a Burgenland Croatian Catholic priest in Austria, who worked as a lay theatre manager and director, translator, writer and historian.

## Life

Geosits was born in Szentpéterfa, Vas County, Hungary. In his birthplace he finished elementary school. He completed studies in Szombathely and Vienna in 1952, and then was chaplain of Croatian settlements in Nikitsch, Parndorf and Kroatisch Minihof [de], all in Burgenland. From 1955, he studied further in Rome and Jerusalem.
Since 1958 Geosits was the parish priest in Klingenbach. He built a parish hall, and expanded the cemetery with a new chapel, consecrated in 1967. He initiated a new church building [de] in 1972, heading for a consecration in 1976, when the parish celebrated its 700th jubilee. The project caused controversy, but the new building, with the old tower retained, was consecrated in 1976.
In Klingenbach, he also immediately founded and headed an amateur Croatian theater group in 1958, translating plays and directing productions. He authored and edited many publications, monographies and religious books in Croatian, German and Hungaria. He was the first to translate the Bible completely into contemporary Burgenland Croatian, working on it over 20 years. The completes books were presented to the public at Schloss Eszterhazy in Eisenstadt in 2014. Geosits received the 2014 culture prize of Burgenland Croats, honouring the translation and his life achievements for religion, culture and understanding among the ethnic groups of the region.
Geosits died in Klingenbach on 20 June 2022, at the age of 94.

## Publications

Source:
* 700 Jahre St. Jakobskirche und Pfarre Klingenbach (1976) OCLC 499932005
* Die burgenländischen Kroaten im Wandel der Zeit (1986) ISBN 978-3-85063-160-0
* Ergebnisse der Volkszählungen 1900–1981 (1986)
* Knjiga mudrosti (1996)
* Szentpéterfa = Petrovo Selo = Prostrum: 1221-1996 (1996)
* Vjerovati i živiti (2010) ISBN 978-3-85013-545-0
* Biblija na gradišćanskohrvatskom jeziku (2014; 5 vol.)
# Hopewell Coxe

Hopewell Coxe (June 28, 1812 – June 16, 1864) was an American lawyer.
Born in Northumberland, Pennsylvania, Coxe studied law in Williamsport, Pennsylvania and was admitted to the Pennsylvania bar in 1838. In 1842, he moved to Kentucky and in 1845, Coxe moved to Wisconsin Territory. He lived in Cedarburg, Wisconsin. He served as a probate judge from 1846 to 1854. Coxe served in the first Wisconsin Constitutional Convention of 1846. He then moved to Hartford, Wisconsin and served in the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1857. He died in Hartford, Wisconsin.
# John T. Joyce

John T. Joyce (May 24, 1894 – August 16, 1930) was an American businessman and politician.
Joyce was born in Chicago, Illinois and went to the Chicago parochial and public schools. He also went to the Lane Technical night school. Joyce served in the United States Navy during World War I. He lived in Chicago with his wife and family and was in the real estate and insurance business. Joyce served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1921 to 1923 and then served in the Illinois Senate from 1923 until his death in 1930. Joyce was a Republican. He died at his apartment in a hotel in Chicago, Illinois from possible poisoning.
# Archipelagoes of Patagonia

The landmass known as Patagonia hosts a series of archipelagoes, all of them located on its western and southern coast. These archipelagoes, with the exception of Tierra del Fuego (which is shared with Argentina), lie in Chile and in the Pacific Ocean, covering about one third of Chile's coast.
The United States Hydrographic Office, stated in its South America Pilot (1916):
   The Patagonian Archipelago, the range of islands lying west of Tierra del Fuego and stretching along the western coast of Patagonia for 11° of latitude north of the western entrance to Magellan Strait, is about as inhospitable a land as is to be found in the globe, especially in its more southern parts. The land is mountainous, presenting an alternation of matted forest, bare rock, and deep bogs, and is cut up by deep channels into peninsulas and islands whose forms are yet very imperfectly known. Drenching rains, varied by snow and sleet, prevail throughout the year, while furious westerly gales succeed each other with rapidity. The scenery is magnificently stern, but is seldom seen to advantage, the clouds and mists usually screening the higher peaks and snow fields. Glaciers, however, extend in many places either nearly or quite to the level of the sea. In such a climate life is scarce, sea fowl and a few wild fowl being the main representatives of the animal kingdom. The scenery in the western portion of the Strait is grand and savage. The snow-capped peaks supply ice and snow for numerous glaciers, which descend nearly to the sea in some places, and frequently crown the precipices. Many waterfalls and cascades, some of which are of great height, fall into the bays, furnishing scenery that rivals the fiords of Norway. It is unfortunate for the voyager in these parts that the weather is such as to render exceptional an opportunity to witness this grandeur of the best advantage.
The archipelagoes of Patagonia include:
* Calbuco Archipelago
* Campana Archipelago
* Chiloé Archipelago
* Chonos Archipelago
* Diego Ramírez Islands
* Guaitecas Archipelago
* Guayaneco Archipelago
* Hanover Archipelago
* Madre de Dios Archipelago
* Mornington Archipelago
* North Archipelago
* Queen Adelaide Archipelago
* Tierra del Fuego Archipelago
** Hermite Islands
** Ildefonso Islands
** Wollaston Islands
* Wellington Archipelago