OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gai

Gai or GAI may refer to:

## People
### Given name or nickname

* GAI (musician) (born 1987), Chinese hip-hop musician
* Gai Assulin (born 1991), Israeli footballer
* Gai Brodtmann (born 1963), Australian politician
* Gai Eaton (1921–2010), British diplomat
* Gai Toms (born 1976), Welsh musician
* Gai Waterhouse (born 1954), Australian horse trainer and businesswoman

### Surname

* Antonio Gai (1686–1769), Italian sculptor
* Deng Gai (born 1982), South Sudanese basketball player
* Gaia Gai (1887-1937), Soviet military commander of Armenian origin
* Gatluak Gai (died 2011), South Sudanese rebel
* G. S. Gai (1917–1995), Indian historical linguist
* Oleksiy Gai (born 1982), Ukrainian footballer
* Pa Amadou Gai (born 1984), Gambian footballer
* Pa Mamadou Gai (born 1977), Gambian sprinter
* Pratibha Gai, British microscopist
* Silvio Gai (1873–1967), Italian politician
* Solomon Gai (1600–1638), Italian scholar and Hebraist

### Fictional characters

* Kamen Rider Gai, from Kamen Rider Ryuki
* Maito Gai, from Naruto

## Places

* Gai, Armenia
* Gai, Styria, Austria
* Gai, Russia
* Montgomery County Airpark (IATA airport code GAI), Montgomery County, Maryland, USA

## Groups, organizations

* Main Directorate for Traffic Safety of Russia, also called the State Automobile Inspectorate (Russian: Государственная Aвтомобильная инспекция, romanized: Gosudarstvennaya Avtomobil'naya inspektsiya); abbreviatied as Russian: ГAИ, romanized: GAI; the Russian traffic police
* Gay American Indians, an American rights organization
* Government Accountability Institute, an American research organization on testing gay people getting aids

## Science, technology, psychology

* General Ability Index of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
* Generative artificial intelligence
* GAI (Arabidopsis thaliana gene), the Gibberellic-Acid Insensitive gene
* General artificial intelligence
* Guided Affective Imagery
* Gallium monoiodide (chemical formula GaI)

## Other uses

* Guaranteed annual income
# Bessarabian (racehorse)

Bessarabian (foaled 1982 in Pennsylvania) is a Canadian Champion Thoroughbred racehorse. Owned by Thor Eaton's Eaton Hall Farm, the Eaton family member entrusted her race conditioning to Mike Doyle. The millionaire granddaughter of Northern Dancer, Bessarabian raced in Canada and the United States.

## Racing career

As a two-year-old, Bessarabian had an outstanding season with wins in the Ontario Debutante and Mazarine Stakes. Sent to compete in the United States, on October 26 she scored an impressive victory at Garden State Park, winning the $200,000 G2 Gardenia Stakes by more than nine lengths. That performance would see Bessarabian sent off as the parimutuel betting favorite in the 1984 inaugural running of the Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies held that year at California's Hollywood Park Racetrack. However, coming out of the first turn of the race, Fran's Valentine veered wide and knocked another horse off stride and into Bessarabian who never recovered and finished fifth. Fran's Valentine won the race but was disqualified and the win awarded to runner-up, Outstandingly.
Bessarabian began her 1985 three-year-old campaign with a win in the Hibiscus Stakes at Florida's Hialeah Park Racetrack. Returned north to Canada, she was the winner of three important stakes at Woodbine Racetrack.
Following her most successful year in racing, four-year-old Bessarabian was voted the 1986 Sovereign Award for Champion Older Female Horse. She was then retired from racing having won eighteen of her thirty-seven starts.
Retired to broodmare duty, Bessarabian produced four foals, the most successful of which in racing was probably Dagda, a stakes-winning gelding born in 1992 sired by Alysheba.
In 1996 the Woodbine track renamed the Etobicoke Handicap in her honor.

## Pedigree

Pedigree of Bessarabian, bay mare, 1982 :
| Sire Vice Regent | Northern Dancer | Nearctic | Nearco |
| Sire Vice Regent | Northern Dancer | Nearctic | Lady Angela |
| Sire Vice Regent | Northern Dancer | Natalma | Native Dancer |
| Sire Vice Regent | Northern Dancer | Natalma | Almahmoud |
| Sire Vice Regent | Victoria Regina | Menetrier | Fair Copy |
| Sire Vice Regent | Victoria Regina | Menetrier | La Melodie |
| Sire Vice Regent | Victoria Regina | Victoriana | Windfields |
| Sire Vice Regent | Victoria Regina | Victoriana | Iribelle |
| Dam Tete de Linotte | Turn-To | Royal Charger | Nearco |
| Dam Tete de Linotte | Turn-To | Royal Charger | Sun Princess |
| Dam Tete de Linotte | Turn-To | Source Sucree | Admiral Drake |
| Dam Tete de Linotte | Turn-To | Source Sucree | Lavendula |
| Dam Tete de Linotte | Pink Nightie | Windfields | Bunty Lawless |
| Dam Tete de Linotte | Pink Nightie | Windfields | Nandi |
| Dam Tete de Linotte | Pink Nightie | Pink Sapphire | Vincentive |
| Dam Tete de Linotte | Pink Nightie | Pink Sapphire | Lump Sugar (family: 5-g) |
# William E. Shannon

William E. Shannon (1821/1822 – November 3, 1850) was an American politician.
Born in Ballina, County Mayo, Ireland, he passed the New York State Bar, was commissioned as a Captain in the United States Army, and given command of "Company J" of the 1st Regiment of New York Volunteers, which arrived in San Francisco on the Susan Drew on March 20, 1847 to take part in the so-called California Conquest campaign of the Mexican–American War.
After his military service, he served as mayor of Coloma, California, then was elected to the State Senate, where he stood out as a staunch abolitionist, reportedly having "secured the declaration in California's Bill of Rights that neither slavery or involuntary servitude, unless for the punishment of crimes, shall ever be tolerated in this state."

## Death

Shannon died in Sacramento during the 1829–51 cholera pandemic, aged 28.
# A. A. H. Tuttle

Anson Akenside Hull Tuttle (1820/1821 – 7 September 1866) was an American tavern keeper, judge and Republican politician. Tuttletown, California, was named for him.
Born in New York (?) or Illinois, he removed to California, where he built a log cabin in 1848 in what would become Tuolumne County. He was a member of the California State Assembly, 1858–59. He was Secretary of State of California in 1863. In 1866 he was California State Treasurer.
Tuttle died of lung hemorrhage at the age of 45, while he was visiting Donner Lake to improve his health. He is interred in the Sacramento Historic City Cemetery in Sacramento, California.
# Edward Tompkins

Edward Tompkins (1815–1872) was an American lawyer. He is best known for endowing a chair at the University of California where he had been elected to the board of regents.

## Background

Tompkins was born in 1815 in rural Paris Hill, New York. Tompkins enrolled in Union College in 1831 and joined Sigma Phi. Tompkins graduated, earned a law degree at Hamilton College, and practiced law in Binghamton, New York as a partner to Daniel S. Dickinson. Tompkins married a Quaker woman, Mary Cook, from Bridgeport, Connecticut. She died several years later. Tompkins moved to San Francisco, California in 1859 where he continued as a lawyer. In 1861 Tompkins married a sister of Henry Huntly Haight named Sarah, a woman 20 years Tompkins's junior. They established residence on the shores of Lake Merritt in Oakland. Tompkins was elected in 1869 to represent Alameda County in the California State Senate. In 1870 Tompkins, a self-described Constitutional Democrat, spoke in favor of ratification of the 15th Amendment and voted against a California Senate resolution opposing California's proposed ratification.
   It is a praiseworthy forethought on the part of one of the Regents which has led him to provide among us for the study of Chinese and Japanese. His presence here cannot restrain me from rendering a public tribute of gratitude for this wise and timely munificence. Let us hope that his generous purposes will, ere long, be realized.
As a state senator Tompkins argued for the creation of the University of California as recommended by the previous governor, Frederick Low. The charter creating the university (then only an agricultural school) passed on March 23, 1868 and Tompkins was elected to a four-year term on the Board of Regents of the University of California later that same year. Upon Tompkins's death in 1872, his position on the board of regents was filled by his brother-in-law, former Governor Haight. Some of Tompkins's letters are archived with papers of his relatives at Bancroft Library.

### Louis Agassiz Chair

Tompkins endowed the school's chair of Oriental Languages and Literature named for Louis Agassiz on September 18, 1872 only months before Tompkins died. His initial gift of 47 acres (0.19 km$^2$), which sold for US$50,000 (equivalent to $1,271,667 in 2023), was evaluated on June 30, 2008 at more than US$5,700,000. Tompkins's interest in Oriental studies grew out of his anticipation of expanded trans-Pacific commerce. Tompkins said that he felt "deeply the humiliation" of seeing Asian students go to the East Coast "in search of that intellectual hospitality that we are not yet enlightened enough to extend to them."
# M. N. Karassery

Mohiyuddin Nadukkandiyil Karassery (born 2 July 1951), commonly known as M. N. Karassery, is an Indian writer and critic of Malayalam language. He is known for his writing and lectures on politics, literature, art and culture, and is a recipient of K.M. Seethi Sahib Memorial Human Fraternity Award and holds the distinguished chair in Malayalam studies at University of Calicut.

## Early life

Karassery is also the name of the village in which he was born. It is a panchayath situated in the eastern region of Kozhikode (Calicut) District in Kerala. Mr. Karassery was born on 2 July 1951 to N. C. Mohammad Haji and K. C. Ayishakkutty.

## Education

For his early education, Karassery attended the Karassery U.P. School, Hidayathussibiyan Madrasa and Dars of Karassery Juma Masjid. He then enrolled in the Chennamangallur High School, Guruvayurappan College, Calicut. After graduation in 1972, he joined the Department of Malayalam, at the University of Calicut. Here he earned a B.A. in Sociology and Malayalam in 1974. Ten years later, he returned for a M.Phil. in Malayalam. And in 1993, he earned a PhD in Malayalam from the same department under the guidance of Prof. Sukumar Azhicode.

## Activism and public life

Karassery's activism targets caste prejudice, social justice and religious equality in India. In May 2017, for example, he suggested the creation of a separate department in India for happiness. His writings and lectures support secular democracy and gender justice. In September 2018, he led a sit-in protest that demanded the arrest of bishop Franco Mulakkal for allegedly raping a nun.
# Sanjh Aur Savera

Sanjh Aur Savera (lit. 'Dusk and Dawn') is a 1964 Bollywood romantic drama film starring Guru Dutt, Meena Kumari and Mehmood. It was produced by Sevantilal Shah and directed by Hrishikesh Mukherjee. Music of the film was by Shankar Jaikishan. It marked the final film appearance of Guru Dutt who died later in the year of the film's release.

## Plot

Dr. Shankar Chaudhry, a wealthy doctor who resides in Bombay with his younger sister, Manju, and his widowed mother, Rukmimi, finds that his mother has arranged a marriage for him with advocate Madhusudan's daughter, Maya. He concedes to the marriage, even though neither he nor his mother have met her. During the ceremony, Maya faints and recuperates under the care of her cousin, brother Prakash, and Madhusudan, and then the following day accompanies Shankar to his home. Maya rejects Shankar's sexual advances, as she is participating in a Holy Fast.
On a visit to Banaras, where Madhusudan now resides, Shankar remarries Maya at Bhagwan Vishwanath's Temple. Their relationship becomes intimate and she becomes pregnant.
Shankar arrives home one day and discovers that Prakash and Maya are missing; his search for them proves fruitless. He later learns that his wife is an imposter and that she is probably married to Prakash.

## Cast

* Meena Kumari as Gauri
* Guru Dutt as Dr. Shankar Chaudhry
* Mehmood as Prakash
* Shubha Khote as Radha (as Subha Khote)
* Manmohan Krishna
* Padmadevi(as Padma Devi)
* Jagdev
* Harindranath Chattopadhyay as Mama, Radha's uncle
* Brahm Bhardwaj
* Kanu Roy
* Rashid Khan as music shop owner
* Preeti Bala
* Praveen Paul as Manorama - Radha's mom (as Ruby Paul)
* Zeb Rehman as Maya

## Soundtrack

* "Ajhun Na Aye Balamwa Revival": Mohammed Rafi, Suman Kalyanpur
* "Ajhun Na Aye Balamwa": Mohammed Rafi, Suman Kalyanpur
* "Chand Kanwal Mere Chand Kanwal": Suman Kalyanpur
* "Man Mohan Krishna Murari": Lata Mangeshkar
* "O Sajna Mere Ghar Angna": Lata Mangeshkar
* "Taqdeer Kahan Le Jayegi Malum Nahin": Mohammed Rafi
* "Yehi Hai Woh Sanjh Aur Savera": Mohammed Rafi, Asha Bhosle
* "Zindagi Mujhko Dikha De Rasta": Mohammed Rafi
# Colbert Searles

Colbert Searles (August 15, 1873 – January 15, 1947) was an American college football coach. He served as the head football coach at the University of Arkansas from 1899 to 1900. He was also a professor of Romance languages at the university during his tenure.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall |
| Arkansas Cardinals (Independent) (1899–1900) ||||||
| 1899 | Arkansas | 3–1–1 |
| 1900 | Arkansas | 2–1–1 |
| Arkansas: | Arkansas: | 5–2–2 |
| Total: | Total: | 5–2–2 |
# The Fortified Castle

* This article is part of a series aboutSaddam Hussein
Personal
Early life
Saddamism
Ba'athist Iraq
Family
Uday
Qusay
Raghad
Rana
Sajida Talfah
Affiliations
Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
Iraq-based Ba'ath Party
Revolutionary Command Council
Political offices
President of Iraq (1979–2003)
Prime Minister of Iraq (1979–1991, 1994–2003)
Vice President of Iraq (1968–1979)
Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council (1979–2003)
Regional Secretary of the Iraqi Ba'ath Party (1964–1966, 1979–2006)
Secretary General of the Iraqi Ba'ath Party (1992–2006)
Rise to power
1959 Mosul uprising
Ramadan Revolution
17 July Revolution
First Iraqi–Kurdish War
Yom Kippur War
Second Iraqi–Kurdish War
1974–75 Shatt al-Arab conflict
1975 Algiers Agreement
1979 Ba'ath Party Purge
Presidency
Iran–Iraq War
Iraqi invasion of Iran
Dujail massacre
Anfal campaign
Halabja massacre
Iraqi invasion of Kuwait
Gulf War
missile attacks on Israel
missile attacks on U.S. bases in Saudi Arabia
1991 Iraqi uprisings
1999 Shia uprising
2003 invasion of Iraq
Battle of Baghdad
Firdos Square statue destruction
Human rights record
Al-Qaeda link allegations
Timeline
Nuclear weapon program
Operation Opera
Desposition
Capture
Interrogation
Trial
Execution
Reactions
Elections and referendums
1995 Iraqi presidential referendum
2002 Iraqi presidential referendum
Novels
Blood Quran
Zabibah and the King
The Fortified Castle
Men and the City
Begone, Demons :
vte :
The Fortified Castle (Arabic: القلعة الحصينة Al-Qala-ah Al-Hasinah) is Saddam Hussein's third of four novels. The book involves political metaphor. It is 713 pages and was published in 2001. It is another allegorical work. It concerns the delayed wedding of the Iraqi hero, who fought in the war against Iran, to a Kurdish girl.
There are three characters: the two brothers Sabah and Mahmud, from rural area from the west bank of the Tigris River from a farming family coming, and a young woman Shatrin from Suleimaniya. They all go into the same university in Baghdad.
Sabah is a war hero from the days of the Battle of New Qadisiyya (Iran–Iraq War), during which he was wounded in the leg and taken prisoner of war in Iran, from which he finally manage to escape with a few friends.
Shatrin from Suleimaniya is the representative for the Kurds.
The power of the "fortified castle" (a reference to Iraq) lies in its unity; despite proposals to divide the property, the hero's mother refuses. She also states that it cannot be purchased with money: "Only those who give it their blood and defend it are its rightful owners."
# Masaru

Masaru (まさる, マサル) is a masculine Japanese given name.

## Written forms

Masaru can be written using different kanji characters and can mean:
* 勝, "excel"
* 優, "excel"
* 大, "large"
* 将 or 將, "commander"
The name can also be written in hiragana or katakana.

## People with the name

* Masaru Akiba (勝), a Japanese football player
* Masaru Emoto (勝), a Japanese author
* Masaru Furukawa (勝), a Japanese swimmer and olympic champion
* Masaru Fuse (布施 勝, born 1969), Japanese equestrian
* Gagamaru Masaru (勝), a Georgian sumo wrestler
* Masaru Hamaguchi (優), Japanese comedian
* Masaru Hayami (優), the 28th Governor of the Bank of Japan
* Masaru Ibuka (大), a Japanese electronics industrialist
* Masaru Ikeda (勝), a Japanese actor and voice actor
* Grant Masaru Imahara, an American electronics and radio control expert
* Masaru Inada (勝), a Japanese skeleton racer
* Inoue Masaru (勝), a Japanese samurai known as the "father of the Japanese railways"
* Masaru Kanbe (神戸 勝, born 1938), Japanese field hockey player
* Masaru Katori (まさる), a female Japanese writer and manga author
* Masaru Kageura (將), a Japanese baseball player
* Masaru Kato (加藤 大, born 1991), Japanese footballer
* Masaru Kitao (勝), a Japanese animator
* Masaru Konuma (勝), a Japanese director
* Masaru Kurotsu (勝), a Japanese football player
* Kyokutenhō Masaru (勝), a Mongolian sumo wrestler
* Masaru Matsuhashi (優), a Japanese football player
* Masaru Motegi (茂木 優, born 1950), Japanese sport wrestler
* Masaru Edward Fulenwider-Musashi, a Wushu martial artist, stuntman, and an actor
* Masaru Nagai, Japanese actor known for Mirai Sentai Timeranger
* Masaru Nagaoka (長岡 勝, born 1962), Japanese ski jumper
* Masaru Nakamura (中村 勝, born 1991), Japanese baseball player
* Masaru Ogawa (勝), a Japanese figure skater
* Masaru Saito (齊藤 勝, born 1988), Japanese baseball player
* Masaru Sakurai (賢), a member of the Japanese musical group The Alfee
* Masaru Sato (勝), a Japanese composer
* Masaru Shimabukuro (優), a member of the Okinawan music band Begin
* Masaru Shintani, a Japanese-Canadian Karate master
* Masaru Takumi (勝), a Japanese yakuza
* Masaru Tobita (将), known as Survival Tobita, a Japanese professional wrestler
* Wakanohana Masaru (勝), a Japanese sumo wrestler
* Masaru Wakasa (若狭 勝, born 1956), Japanese lawyer and politician

## Fictional characters

* Masaru (マサル), a character in the manga and animated film Akira
* Masaru Daimon (Marcus Damon in the English dub), a character from the anime series Digimon Savers
* Masaru Kato (勝), a character from the anime and manga series Gantz
* Masaru Aoki of Hajime no Ippo
* Masaru Sera, the Third Chairman of the Tojo Clan in the first game in the Yakuza series
** Masaru Watase, the Waka gashira of the Omi Alliance in Yakuza 5
* Masaru "Echo" Enatsu, an SAT operative in Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Siege.
* Masaru Daimon, a character in Danganronpa Another Episode: Ultra Despair Girls.
* Masaru Bakugou (爆豪 勝), Katsuki Bakugo's father and the husband of Mitsuki Bakugo in the manga and anime My Hero Academia
* Konaka Masaru (Japanese name for Redd White), a character in Ace Attorney
# Willie Hayes

William John Hayes, also referred to as Willie Hayes or Billy Hayes, (30 March 1928 – August 2014) was an Irish footballer who played as a goalkeeper for Limerick, Torquay United, Ellesmere Port and Wrexham.
As an international, Hayes also played for Ireland. Hayes was 21 when he made his one and only appearance for Ireland on 24 April 1949 in a 2–0 defeat to Belgium at Dalymount Park. His teammates on the day included Johnny Carey, Con Martin, Billy Walsh, Jackie O'Driscoll and Paddy Coad. Although a goalkeeper he was only 5 ft 9 inches tall. Another William Hayes also played for Ireland during the 1940s.
# Aristeidis Roubanis

Aristeidis Savvas Roubanis (alternate spelling: Aristidis) (Greek: Αριστείδης Ρουμπάνης, 9 March 1932, Tripoli – 13 January 2018, Greece) was a Greek international basketball player and javelin thrower. During his club basketball career, his nickname was "Bulldozer".

## Basketball career
### Club career

Roubanis was a member of the Panellinios Basketball Club and its famous 1950s era "Golden Five". With Panellinios, he won 3 Greek League championships, in the years 1953, 1955, and 1957. He also won two European Club Championships with the club, as well as the 1955 Brussels Basketball Tournament and the 1956 San Remo Basketball Tournament. He was also a runner-up at the 1954 San Remo Tournament.

### National team career

Roubanis was a member of the senior men's Greek national basketball team. With Greece, Roubanis competed at the 1951 EuroBasket, the 1952 Summer Olympic Games, and the 1955 Mediterranean Games, where he won a bronze medal. He finished his national team career with 25 caps, in which he scored 275 points for the Greek national team.

### Javelin

Roubanis competed in the men's javelin throw, at the 1952 Helsinki Summer Olympics. He also competed in the shot put.

## Personal life

Roubanis was the younger brother of Georgios Roubanis, a pole vaulter who won a bronze medal at the 1956 Summer Olympic Games. Georgios was also the 1956 Greek Athlete of the Year.
# Horné Mladonice

Horné Mladonice (Hungarian: Felsőlegénd) is a village and municipality in the Krupina District of the Banská Bystrica Region of Slovakia.

## Genealogical resources

The records for genealogical research are available at the state archive "Statny Archiv in Banska Bystrica, Slovakia"
* Roman Catholic church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1792-1890 (parish B)
* Lutheran church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1757-1873 (parish B)
# Joseph Whitehead (Coca-Cola bottler)

Joseph Brown Whitehead (1864–1906) was a lawyer, who, along with Benjamin Thomas and John Thomas Lupton, obtained exclusive rights from Asa Candler to bottle and sell Coca-Cola.

## Early life

Whitehead was born in Oxford, Mississippi in 1864. He was the son of Richard H. Whitehead (1836–1912), a Baptist minister in Mississippi, and Mary Amanda Conkey Whitehead (d. 1869). His younger brother was Henry Parsons Whitehead.
He attended the University of Mississippi and graduated with a degree in law.

## Career

In 1899, Whitehead and Thomas met with Candler. Candler gave the two exclusive rights to bottle the soft drink. After this meeting, Lupton partnered with them and he became the president of the Coca-Cola Bottling Company.

## Personal life

In 1895, he married Lettie Pate and then the couple moved to Chattanooga, Tennessee.
Whitehead died unexpectedly in 1906 from pneumonia. After his death, his widow took over "her husband's share of the bottling business, as well as his real estate interests," and "established the Whitehead Holding Company and the Whitehead Realty Company to manage her assets and those of her two sons."

### Legacy

Because of the philanthropy of his widow, Joseph Brown Whitehead has been the namesake for three health buildings on the main campus of the Georgia Institute of Technology. The original building, built in 1911, has since been renamed the Chapin Building, while the Joseph Brown Whitehead Building currently serves as the home for the campus health services.
# Larry Duggan

Laurence Duggan (1 January 1909 – 29 October 1996) was an Irish hurler who played for Kilkenny Senior Championship club Mooncoin. He played for the Kilkenny senior hurling team for three seasons, during which time he usually lined out as a right corner-forward. His brother, Jack Duggan, was a contemporary on the team.

## Honours
### Mooncoin

* Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship (2): 1932

### Kilkenny

* All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (1): 1935
* Leinster Senior Hurling Championship (3): 1935, 1936, 1937