OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William C. Stevens (New York politician)

William Cullen Stevens (August 29, 1848 – October 2, 1897) was an American merchant and politician from New York.

## Life

Stevens was born on August 29, 1848, in Moira New York, the son of Simon Dwight Stevens and Susan Burdick. His brother was newspaper publisher and assemblyman Halbert D. Stevens.
Stevens moved with his parents to Bangor, Maine, when he was a few months old, later returning to Moira. At a young age, he started working as a store clerk in Moira. He then worked as a traveling salesman. He then became a commercial traveller for the wholesale crockery house Abram, French & Co. In 1874, he moved to Malone, became the senior member of the firm Stevens, Bowen & Co, and opened a hardware store. He later formed a new partnership with W. F. Symonds and opened a dry goods store. He disposed of his interest in 1889, when he was elected to the Assembly.
Stevens was a trustee of the village of Malone. In 1888, he was elected to the New York State Assembly as a Republican, representing Franklin County. He served in the Assembly in 1889, 1890, and 1891. While in the Assembly, he obtained appropriations for the Northern New York Institute for Deaf Mutes, which he helped found and took a deep interest in. He then worked as the financial clerk in the Assembly in 1894, 1895, 1896, and 1897. In between Assembly sessions as financial clerk, he worked as a salesman for the Lawrence-Webter Company of Malone.
Stevens was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1873, he married the eldest daughter of Wallace H. Webster. Their children were Mabel, Jennie, Susie, and Wallace H.
Stevens died at home from heart failure on October 2, 1897, the day after he was appointed chairman of the Republican county committee. He was buried in Morningside Cemetery in Malone.
# Horatio J. Stow

Horatio J. Stow (c. 1809 in Lowville, Lewis County, New York – February 19, 1859 in Clifton Springs, Ontario County, New York) was an American politician from New York.

## Life

He was the son of Congressman Silas Stow (1773–1827) and Mary (Ruggles) Stow. He attended Lowville Academy. Then he studied law with Thomas C. Chittenden in Adams, Jefferson County, New York, was admitted to the bar, and practiced in Buffalo, New York. He married Anna J. Towers, and they had three children.
As a Whig, he was Recorder of Buffalo from 1840 to 1844; and a delegate to the New York State Constitutional Convention of 1846. In 1848, he joined the Free Soil Party. Afterwards he abandoned the practice of law, and engaged in agricultural pursuits in Lewiston, Niagara County, New York.
He was an Independent member of the New York State Senate (29th D.) in 1858 and 1859. He did not take his seat at the beginning of the session in 1859, and died on February 19.
Wisconsin Chief Judge Alexander W. Stow (1805–1854) was his brother; Assemblyman George D. Ruggles was his uncle.

## Sources

* The New York Civil List compiled by Franklin Benjamin Hough, Stephen C. Hutchins and Edgar Albert Werner (1867; pg. 391 and 442)
* Biographical Sketches of the State Officers and Members of the Legislature of the State of New York in 1859 by William D. Murray (pg. 99ff)
* Horatio J. Stow at Ancestry.com
* Courts and Lawyers of New York: a History from 1609 to 1925 by Alden Chester & Edwin Melvin Williams (Vol. I; pg. 1266;
New York State Senate :
| Preceded bySidney Sweet | New York State Senate 29th District 1858–1859 | Succeeded byGeorge D. Lamont |
# Edward Mitchell (New York politician)

Edward Mitchell (April 15, 1842 – February 15, 1909) was an American lawyer and politician from New York. A Republican, He was a graduate of Columbia College and Columbia Law School. Mitchell was most notable for his service in the New York State Assembly in 1880, and United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York from 1889 to 1894.

## Early life

Mitchell was born on April 15, 1842, on Charlton Street in New York City, New York, the eldest son of Edward Mitchell, a lawyer and judge who served on the New York Supreme Court and the New York Court of Appeals, and Mary P. Berrian. His brother was congressman John M. Mitchell.
Mitchell attended Columbia Grammar School from 1854 to 1857. He then went to Columbia College in 1857, graduating from there with a B.A. in 1861.

## Start of career

He then went to Columbia Law School, but he left that year to serve in the American Civil War a volunteer field agent for the United States Sanitary Commission. He served in Richmond, Antietam, Port Hudson, and the Red River expedition. Afterwards, he finished his studies at Columbia Law School, graduating from there with an LL.B. in 1865. He was admitted to the bar later that year and practiced law. In 1867, he married Caroline Carson Woolsey. They had a daughter, Eliza.
In 1879, Mitchell was elected to the New York State Assembly as a Republican, representing the New York County 21st District. He served in the Assembly in 1880. In 1880, he became a trustee of Columbia. From 1881 to 1886, he was a lieutenant colonel in the New York National Guard and a Judge Advocate of the 1st Division. In 1883 and 1886, he unsuccessfully ran for the New York Supreme Court.

## Later career

In 1889, President Harrison appointed him United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York. He served in the office until 1894. In 1897, he briefly served as New York City Commissioner of Parks. For many years, he was also senior member of the law firm Mitchell & Mitchell.

## Civic and professional memberships

Mitchell was an incorporator of the University Club. He was a member of the American Geographical Society. He was a member of the New York City Bar Association, serving as its treasurer from 1874 to 1885 and vice-president from vice-president from 1885 to 1886. He was also a member of the New York State Bar Association, the Metropolitan Club, the Union League Club, the Tuxedo Club, the Shinnecock Hills Golf Club, and the Washington D.C. Metropolitan Club.

## Death and burial

Mitchell died at his Manhattan home on February 15, 1909. He was buried in Woodlawn Cemetery.
# Waarschoot railway station

Waarschoot is a railway station in Waarschoot, East Flanders, Belgium. The station opened on 25 June 1861 on the Line 58. The train services are operated by NMBS/SNCB.

## Train services

The station is served by the following service(s):
* Local services (L-05) Eeklo - Ghent - Oudenaarde - Ronse
* Local services (L-05) Eeklo - Ghent - Oudenaarde - Kortrijk (weekdays)
| Preceding station | NMBS/SNCB | NMBS/SNCB | NMBS/SNCB | Following station |
| EekloTerminus | | L 05weekdays | | Sleidingetowards Ronse or Kortrijk |
| EekloTerminus | | L 05weekends | | Sleidingetowards Ronse |
# James O. Putnam

James Osborne Putnam (July 4, 1818 – April 24, 1903) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.

## Life

Putnam was born July 4, 1818, in Attica, New York. He was the son of Congressman Harvey Putnam (1793–1855) and Myra Osborne (1795–1863). He was the great-grandson of Col. Benjamin Simonds on his maternal side. He was educated at Middlebury Academy in Wyoming, New York, and attended Hamilton College through his Sophomore year. In 1837 entered the Junior class at Yale College where he graduated in 1839. Putnam then studied law under the direction of his father, and was admitted to the Bar in 1841. He commenced practice in Buffalo, New York. Putnam was appointed Secretary and Treasurer of the Attica & Buffalo Railroad Company in 1844 and of the Buffalo & Rochester Railroad Company in 1846. He also served as their attorney until they merged into the New York Central Railroad in 1853. President Millard Fillmore appointed Putnam as Postmaster of Buffalo.
In 1854–1855, Putnam was elected member of the 77th and 78th New York State Senate to represent the 31st District. He was a Conservative Whig, but opposed slavery in the United States territories and was the author of the Church Property Bill of 1855.
At the 1857 New York state election, he ran on the American party ticket for Secretary of State of New York, but was defeated by Democrat Gideon J. Tucker.
He was a presidential elector in 1860, voting for Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin.
In 1861, Putnam was appointed United States Consul at Havre, France by President Abraham Lincoln and held the position for the duration of the Civil War.
In 1865, Yale University gave Putnam a Master of Arts degree.
In 1880, President Rutherford B. Hayes appointed Putnam as U.S. Minister to Belgium and held this position until 1882.
He was Chancellor of the University of Buffalo from 1895 to 1902.
Putnam was a member of the Buffalo Historical Society, University Club, and Saturn Club of Buffalo.
On January 5, 1842, he married Harriet Foster Palmer (died 1853), and they had four children. On March 15, 1855, he married Kate Frances Wright (1835–1895), and they had three sons.
He died April 24, 1903, in Buffalo, New York, and was buried at the Forest Lawn Cemetery.
# John W. Lippitt

John W. Lippitt (April 21, 1822 in Adams, Berkshire County, Massachusetts – May 15, 1896 in Solsville, Madison County, New York) was an American politician from New York.

## Life

The family removed to a farm near the hamlet of Solsville. He attended the common schools and Stockbridge Academy.
He was Supervisor of the Town of Madison for many terms, beginning in 1861; and Chairman of the Board of Supervisors of Madison County for more than twelve years.
He was a member of the New York State Assembly (Madison Co., 1st D.) in 1864 and 1872; and of the New York State Senate (21st D.) in 1878 and 1879.
He was buried at the Indian Opening Cemetery in Madison.

## Sources

* Civil List and Constitutional History of the Colony and State of New York compiled by Edgar Albert Werner (1884; pg. 291, 366 and 373)
* The State Government for 1879 by Charles G. Shanks (Weed, Parsons & Co, Albany NY, 1879; pg. 62)
* John W. Lippitt at Oswego County Government
* Cemetery transcriptions
New York State Assembly :
| Preceded byWilliam H. Brand | New York State Assembly Madison County, 1st District 1864 | Succeeded byAlfred A. Brown |
| Preceded byDavid L. Fisk | New York State Assembly Madison County, 1st District 1872 | Succeeded byEdward C. Philpot |
| New York State Senate |||
| Preceded byBenjamin Doolittle | New York State Senate 21st District 1878–1879 | Succeeded byBradley Winslow |
# Edward A. Lawrence

Edward Arthur Lawrence (November 2, 1831 Bay Side, Queens County, New York – 1883) was an American politician from New York.

## Life

He was the son of Effingham Lawrence (1779–1850), First Judge of the Queens County Court from 1818 to 1823, and Ann (Townsend) Lawrence (1786–1845). On December 7, 1855, he married Hannah Russell Mickle (b. 1837), daughter of Mayor of New York Andrew H. Mickle (1805–1863).
As a Democrat, he was Supervisor of the Town of Flushing for twelve years, a member of the New York State Assembly (Queens Co., 1st D.) in 1858 and 1859, and a member of the New York State Senate (1st D.) in 1860 and 1861.
He was buried at the Lawrence Burying Ground in Bay Side.
Assemblyman Solomon Townsend (1746–1811) was his grandfather; State Senator Samuel Townsend (d. 1790) was his great-grandfather.

## Sources

* The New York Civil List compiled by Franklin Benjamin Hough, Stephen C. Hutchins and Edgar Albert Werner (1867; pg. 442, 486 and 489)
* Biographical Sketches of the State Officers and Members of the Legislature of the State of New York by William D. Murphy (1861; pg. 76ff)
* OBITUARY NOTES; E. A. LAWRENCE, a prominent Democratic politician... in NYT on June 5, 1883
# John McMenamin

John McMenamin (born c. 1980) is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach for Northwest Missouri State University, a position he has held since 2025. He was the head football coach for Wayne State College from 2020 to 2021. He also coached for Omaha Central High School, Nebraska–Omaha, Midland, Central Missouri, and Tulane. He played college football for Northwest Missouri State as a quarterback.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| Wayne State Wildcats (Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference) (2020–2021) ||||||
| 2020–21 | No team—COVID-19 | | | |
| 2021 | Wayne State | 7–4 | 7–4 | T–3rd (South) |
| Wayne State: | Wayne State: | 7–4 | 7–4 | |
| Northwest Missouri State Bearcats (Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association) (2025–present) ||||||
| 2025 | Northwest Missouri State | 0–0 | 0–0 | |
| Northwest Missouri State: | Northwest Missouri State: | 0–0 | 0–0 | |
| Total: | Total: | 7–4 | | |
# Idiastion

Idiastion is a small genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfishes. They are found in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.

## Taxonomy

Idiastion was first described as a genus by the American ichthyologist William N. Eschmeyer in 1965 when he was describing its type species, Idiastion kyphos, from the southeastern Caribbean Sea, between Venezuela and Grenada. Subsequently two more species have been added to the genus from the Pacific Ocean. The genus is classified within the tribe Scorpaenini in the subfamily Scorpaeninae of the scorpionfish family Scorpaenidae. The genus name Idiastion is the Greek word meaning "hermit" or "recluse", alluding to the rarity of the scorpionfishes at the depths at which Idiastion was collected from.

## Species

There are currently three recognized species in this genus:
* Idiastion hageyi McCosker, 2008(Galapagos humpback scorpionfish)
* Idiastion kyphos Eschmeyer, 1965 (Sharpcheek scorpionfish)
* Idiastion pacificum Ishida & Amaoka, 1992 (Flame humpback scorpionfish)

## Characteristics

Idiastion scorpionfishes have a deep body, deepest behind the head with a hump backed shape. They have well-developed, robust spines which can have more than one point. They do not have an occipital pit behind their large eyes which have a suborbital ridge armed with between 5 and 8 spines. There are 4 spines on the preoperculum with the uppermost one being the longest and being located some distance from the other 3 spines. They have small, simple teeth on the jaws and the roof of the mouth. They have 12 spines and 9 soft rays in the dorsal fin and 3 spines and 5 soft rays in the anal fin. The pectoral fin has 17–19 rays, the central rays being the longest and the uppermist ray and bottom 7–9 rays are unbranched with the lower ones being fleshy with their tips protruding beyond the membrane. They have a complete lateral line with tubes on the scales and a small swim bladder. These scorpionfishes are small fishes with standard lengths ranging from 5.3 cm (2.1 in) in I. kyphos and 12.3 cm (4.8 in) in I. pacificum.

## Distribution and habitat

Idiastion scorpionfishes are found in the western Atlantic Ocean (I. kyphos), the Galápagos Islands (I. hageyi) and around Japan and over the Emperor Seamounts in the northwestern Pacific (I. pacificum). They live close to the bottom over reefs and soft substrates.
# Spear of Fuchai

The Spear of Fuchai (Chinese: 吳王夫差矛; pinyin: Wú wáng fūchà máo) is the spear of King Fuchai of Wu, the archrival of King Goujian of Yue. It was unearthed in Jiangling, Hubei in November 1983. The script on it is bird-worm seal script, a variant of seal script that was commonly used in the southern states such as Wu and Yue. The inscription mirrors the text of King Goujian's Sword, except changing the name of the owner and type of weapon. In this case, the text reads, "King Fuchai of Wu made for his personal use, this spear."(Chinese: "吴王夫差自作用矛"; pinyin: Wú wáng fūchà zì zuòyòng máo)

## In Popular Culture

A moe anthropomorphized form of the Spear along with the Sword of Goujian was featured in the 2021 Donghua The Country of Rare Treasure (Nation of Treasure) 秘宝之国
# Karl Litzmann

Karl Litzmann (22 January 1850 – 28 May 1936) was a German World War I general and later Nazi Party member and politician.

## World War I

He is best known for his victory at the Battle of Łódź (1914); he earned the nickname "the Lion of Brzeziny" there. On 29 November 1914 he was awarded the "Pour le Mérite" for military bravery and Oak Leaves (signifying a second award) on 18 August 1915.

## Interwar years

Litzmann became a member of Nazi Party in 1929 having previously become a member of SA. He was elected to the Reichstag in November 1932 but resigned his mandate on 15 December 1932 on grounds that he had responsibilities to the Landtag of Prussia, where he was its most senior member, also known as Father of the House or Alterspräsident. In the election of 5 March 1933, he was re-elected to the Reichstag, but resigned again on 2 April 1933 due to his seat in the Landtag. After the election of 12 November 1933, he again served in the Reichstag until his death in 1936. On 26 August 1933, Prussian Minister President Hermann Göring appointed him to the recently reconstituted Prussian State Council where he also served until his death.
The Chief of Staff of the Luftwaffe, Generalleutnant Walther Wever, died in an air accident shortly after taking off from Dresden to attend Litzmann's funeral in Berlin on 3 July 1936.

## Legacy

After the 1939 Nazi invasion of Poland, the towns of Łódź and Brzeziny were renamed in honour of Karl Litzmann. On 11 April 1940 Łódź was officially retitled by the occupying German forces as Litzmannstadt, while Brzeziny later became Löwenstadt (lion city). After World War II the towns reverted to their original Polish names.
Passau named a street after him.
Karl Litzmann was an Honorary Citizen of Neuruppin. The honorary citizenship was withdrawn in 2007.
He was the father of Karl-Siegmund Litzmann (1893–1945) who was General Commissioner for Estonia in the Reichskommissariat Ostland during the German occupation 1941–1944. He was also grandfather to Walter Lehweß-Litzmann (1907–1986).
# Gyeongju World

Gyeongju World (Korean: 경주월드) is a theme park in Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea. Gyeongju World is composed of "X-Zone," "Snow Sled Garden," and "Wizard Garden." The X-Zone has rides such as the Phaethon, the Megadrop, the Tornado, and the Exploration of Grand Canyon. There are ski sleds, adult sleds, and children's sleighs in Snow Sled Garden. Wizard Garden is a children's area with a wide variety of children's rides.

## Roller coasters

| Name | Type | Manufacturer | Model | Opened | Closed | Other statistics |
| Space Tour | Steel | | | 1985 | 2015 | Duration: 1:26 |
| Space 2000 | Steel | Meisho Amusement Machines | | 1991 | 2015 | Inversions: 2 Duration: 1:39 |
| Dragon 2 Loop Coaster | Steel | Zamperla | Powered Coaster | 1991 | 2023 | Duration: 1:02 |
| Phaethon | Steel | Bolliger & Mabillard | Inverted Coaster | 2007 | | Length: 3,280.8 ft (1,000.0 m) Height: 147.7 ft (45.0 m) Inversions: 6 Speed: 55.9 mph (90.0 km/h) Duration: 2:20 |
| Draken | Steel | Bolliger & Mabillard | Dive Coaster | 2018 | | Height: 206.7 ft (63.0 m) Inversions: 2 |
| Valkyrie | Steel | Gerstlauer | Shuttle roller coaster | 2021 | | Length: 201 m (659 ft) Height: 12 m (39 ft) Speed: 50 km/h (31 mph) |
| Wizard Race | Steel | Zamperla | Powered Coaster | 2024 | | Length: 155 m (509 ft) Speed: 29 km/h (18 mph) |
| Sköll & Hati | Steel | Rocky Mountain Construction | Single-rail roller coaster | 2024 | | Length: 595 m (1,952 ft) Height: 32 m (105 ft) Speed: 84 km/h (52 mph) |
# Dave Greenspan

David S. Greenspan (born August 7, 1965) is an American politician and the city council president of Westlake, Ohio. He formerly served as a state representative for the 16th District of the Ohio House of Representatives and as a member of Cuyahoga County Council and Sandy Springs, Georgia City Council. He is a Republican.

## Life and career

Greenspan is a graduate of Troy University, where he majored in business and accounting. His career has been in communications and broadcasting, including with Atlanta Olympic Broadcasting, Turner Media Consultants, and the PGA TOUR Radio Network. Currently, Greenspan owns a small consulting agency focusing on start-up ventures.
Prior to moving to Cuyahoga County, Greenspan resided in Sandy Springs, Georgia, where he sat on their inaugural city council. He also sat on the inaugural Cuyahoga County Council, where he was chairman of the finance committee. He was elected in 2010 and again in 2014.

## Ohio House of Representatives

Long-serving state representative Nan Baker was term-limited in 2016 after four terms, leaving a potentially competitive district open. With Greenspan representing exactly the same territory on the county council, he opted to seek to the Republican nomination for the seat.
The race was deemed one of the most competitive of the cycle, with Democrat Tommy Greene raising considerable money and receiving numerous high-profile endorsements. However, in the end Greenspan kept the seat in the Republican column with a 56% to 44% win. He was re-elected in 2018 by defeating Democrat Cassimir Svigelj. In 2020, he was defeated by Democrat Monique Smith. The following spring, he began working as a lobbyist for the MetroHealth system.
# Yew Wah School of Shanghai

Yew Wah School of Shanghai is a private school located in the Changning District of Shanghai, China.
Yew Wah is a licensed Cambridge International Examinations center that offers both IGCSE and A Level courses to high school students.
# Siege of Tbilisi

Siege of Tbilisi (654) may refer to:
* Siege of Tbilisi (627–628), successful siege of the city by the Byzantines and Turks
* Siege of Tbilisi (1122), successful siege of the city of Tbilisi, capital of the Emirate of Tbilisi, by the Georgians under King David IV
* Siege of Tbilisi (1386), successful Timurid attack on the capital of Kingdom of Georgia
* Siege of Tbilisi (1476), part of Turkoman invasions of Georgia
* Battle of Krtsanisi, in 1795, part of Persian invasion of Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
* Siege of Tbilisi (1921), see List of Georgian battles
# David Wanzenried

David Wanzenried is a Montana politician and Montana State University Billings instructor. He served as the state senator for the 49th district of Montana, representing parts of the city of Missoula and Missoula County from since 2007 to 2015. He is a member of the Democratic party. Previously, he had been elected to the state House of Representatives for the 92nd district, serving Missoula and also Evergreen, near Kalispell from 1990 to 2004. He served as Montana House Minority leader from 2005 to 2007. Wanzenried ran for the office of governor of Montana in 2012 but withdrew from the race on July 8th, 2011.
Wanzenried currently serves as an instructor of political science at Montana State University Billings.
# Jimmy Mason (politician)

Jimmy G. Mason is an American politician who has served as a Republican member of the New Mexico House of Representatives from the 66th district since 2023.
# List of shopping malls in Finland

Finland is home to fifty shopping malls, over half of which are located in the greater Helsinki area. The following is a list of all shopping malls in Finland, categorized by location.

## Helsinki area

* Ainoa
* Arabia
* Citycenter
* Columbus
* Dixi
* Easton Helsinki
* Entresse
* Flamingo
* Forum
* Galleria
* Grani
* Heikintori
* Hertsi
* Iso Omena
* Itis
* Jumbo
* Kampin Keskus
* Kluuvi
* Lauttis
* Länsiviitta
* Myyrmanni
* Redi
* Ristikko
* Ruoholahti
* Sello
* Tripla

## Kuopio area

* IsoCee
* Matkus
* Minna

## Oulu area

* Idea Park Oulu
* Valkea
* Zeppelin

## Tampere area

* Duo
* Ideapark Lempäälä
* Koskikeskus
* Like (Lielahtikeskus)
* Ratina
* Tullintori
* Veska
* Westeri

## Turku area

* Hansa
* Mylly
* Skanssi

## Rest of Finland

* Chydenia, Kokkola
* Goodman, Hämeenlinna
* IsoKarhu, Pori
* Lähde, Rajamäki
* Torikeskus, Jyväskylä
* Torikeskus, Seinäjoki
* Viiri, Klaukkala