OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Courtois

Courtois may refer to:

## Locations

* Courtois-sur-Yonne, a commune in Yonne department, France
* Courtois, Missouri, an unincorporated community
* Courtois Creek, a creek in Missouri
* Courtois Hills, a region in Missouri

## Persons
### Painters

* Jean Courtois (herald) (died 1436), French herald
* Jacques Courtois (1621–1676), French painter
* Guillaume Courtois (1628–1679), French painter
* Marie Courtois (c.1655–1703), French miniature painter
* Gustave-Claude-Etienne Courtois (1852–1923), French painter

### Science, medicine, technology

* Bernard Courtois (1777–1838), French chemist, discoverer of iodine
* Frédéric Courtois (1860–1928), French missionary and naturalist
* Hélène Courtois, French astrophysicist
* Jacques Courtois (Canada) (1920–1996) was a Canadian lawyer and public official
* Jean-Philippe Courtois, president of Microsoft International
* Nicolas Courtois, French cryptographer, lecturer in computer science at University College London
* Stéphane Courtois (born 1947), French historian, author and editor of Black Book of Communism

### Music

* Antoine Courtois (founded 1789), French manufacturer of brass instruments
* Jean Courtois (composer) (fl. 1530–1545), Franco-Flemish composer
* Lambert Courtois (c.1520–after 1583), French composer

### Politics

* Edme-Bonaventure Courtois played a role in the Fall of Robespierre
* Jean-Patrick Courtois (born 1951), member of the French Senate

### Sports

* Roger Courtois (1912–1972), French football player and manager
* Jacques Courtois (ice hockey), president of the Montreal Canadiens 1972–79
* Alain Courtois (born 1951), Belgian politician, Secretary General of the Belgian Football Association
* Laurence Courtois (born 1976), Belgian former professional tennis player
* Laurent Courtois (born 1978), French footballer
* Imke Courtois (born 1988), Belgian footballer
* Pauline Courtois (born 1989), French sailor
* Valérie Courtois (born 1990), Belgian volleyball player
* Thibaut Courtois (born 1992), Belgian footballer

### Fiction

* Guiron le Courtois, character in 13th-century Arthurian legend

## Other uses

* Banque Courtois, oldest existing bank in France, now part of Crédit du Nord
# Bangladesh School Muscat

Bangladesh School Muscat is a school for national and foreign children in Oman. It's the only school that teach the Bangla language in the country. The institute follows the British Curriculum.

## History

The school was established on 3 September 1996 for students of all background and nationality but mainly Bangladeshi children under the sponsorship of the Embassy of Bangladesh to the Sultanate of Oman with the approval of the Ministry of Education, Oman.

## Activities

* In March 2014, the school celebrated the 43rd National Day anniversary of the independence of Oman.
* Two years later, the school marked the 45th anniversary by organising a cultural programme.
* In February 2014, the school held an Annual Science Fair and Exhibition.

## Principal

Since 10 April 2023, the principal has been Mr. James Haniball
# Jenni Barber

Jenni Barber (born July 22, 1983) is an American actress and singer best known for her performances in musical theatre and for her role as Lisa Heffenbacher on The Electric Company (2009 - 2011).

## Early life

Barber was born in Mansfield, Ohio. There she took voice lessons from vocal trainer Lori Turner. She graduated summa cum laude from the University of Michigan School of Music with a Bachelor of Fine Arts in musical theatre in 2005, after receiving an Earl V. Moore award.

## Career
### Television

Barber played Lisa Heffenbacher in The Electric Company 2009 TV series, with guest appearances on Law & Order: SVU, Smash, Elementary, Master of None, and Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt, among other credits.

### Stage

Barber made her Broadway debut as Olive Ostrovsky in The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee in 2007, after playing the character in San Francisco and Boston productions. In 2008, she appeared in From Up Here at New York City Center; she had a minor role, but The New York Times review called her a scene stealer. In 2010, she played Audrey in As You Like It, in the Brooklyn Academy of Music's Harvey Theatre.
She starred as Toni Simmons in the 2011 Off-Broadway revival of the play Cactus Flower in the Westside Theatre, receiving mixed reviews comparing her to Goldie Hawn in the 1969 film. In 2012, she played porn actress Sundown LeMay in The Performers opposite Henry Winkler and Cheyenne Jackson.
In 2013, Barber played stripper Joan opposite Nathan Lane in the award-winning The Nance. The following year, she joined the cast of the Broadway production of Wicked, in the role of Glinda. In early 2015, she played Sibyl in the romance Private Lives at Hartford Stage, followed by Elizabeth, a Mormon wife, in the Encores! revival of Paint Your Wagon.
She was in the 2017 Broadway revival of Sunday in the Park with George as Celeste #2/Elaine and understudied Annaleigh Ashford.
# Winter Fall

"Winter Fall" is the ninth single by L'Arc-en-Ciel, released on January 28, 1998. It debuted at number 1 on the Oricon chart, making it their first number-one single. The single was re-released on August 30, 2006. It was also their first single featuring drummer Yukihiro as an official member of the band.

## Track listing

| # | Title | Lyrics | Music |
| 1 | "Winter Fall" | Hyde | Ken |
| 2 | "Metropolis" | Hyde | Ken |
| 3 | "Winter Fall (Hydeless Version)" | ‐ | Ken |

## Chart positions

| Chart (1998) | Peak position |
| Japan Oricon | #1 |
# Saint Irene

Saint Irene may refer to:
* Irene of Thessalonica, one of three virgin sisters killed in 304, feast day April 3
* Irene of Rome (died c. 288), wife of martyr Saint Castulus, feast day January 22
* Irene of Tomar (died c. 653), of Portugal, feast day October 20
* Irene of Macedonia [ru] (died in 2nd century or 315), considered great-martyr with feast day May 5 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) in Eastern Orthodox churches
* Irene of Lecce (died c. 272)
* Irene of Cappadocia, abbess, feast day July 28 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) in Eastern Orthodox churches
* Irene of Hungary, empress (died 1134), feast day August 13 in Eastern Orthodox churches
* Hagia Irene church in Istanbul is often called "St Irene", although it is actually named after the "Holy (Divine) Peace"
# Roman I of Kiev

Roman Rostislavich (Ukrainian and Russian: Роман Ростиславич; died 1180) was Prince of Smolensk (1160–1172; 1177–1180), Grand Prince of Kiev (1171–1173; 1175–1177), and Prince of Novgorod (1178–1179). He was the son of Rostislav Mstislavich.
Temporarily installed as grand prince of Kiev in July 1171, he was quickly replaced by Andrey Bogolyubsky's brother, Mikhail of Vladimir.
He had a son: Mstislav III of Kiev.
# Days and Nights (1944 film)

Days and Nights, (Russian: Дни и ночи) is a 1944 Soviet World War II film directed by Aleksandr Stolper.

## Plot

The film takes place in 1942 in Stalingrad, in which new units of the Red Army arrive to protect the city, including the battalion of Captain Saburov, who was able to knock out the Germans from the buildings they occupied.

## Starring

* Vladimir Solovyov as Capt. Saburov (as V. Solovyov)
* Daniil Sagal as Vanin (as D. Sagal)
* Yuri Lyubimov as Lt. Maslennikov (as Yu. Lyubimov)
* Anna Lisyanskaya as Anya Klimenko (as A. Lisyanskaya)
* Lev Sverdlin as Col. Protsenko (as L. Sverdlin)
* Mikhail Derzhavin as Gen. Matveev (as M. Derzhavin)
* Viktor Klyucharev as Col. Remizov (as V. Klyucharev)
* Anatoliy Alekseev as Petya (as A. Alekseev)
* Fyodor Ivanov as Soldier (as F. Ivanov)
* Andrey Martynov as Soldier (as A. Martynov)
* Vasiliy Galaktionov as Chief of Staff (uncredited)
* Pavel Geraga as Commander of the Front (uncredited)
* Evgeniy Morgunov as Soldier (uncredited)
# Bouke Benenga

Bouke Benenga (27 March 1888 – 4 January 1968) was a Dutch freestyle swimmer and water polo player who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics.
He participated in the 100 metre freestyle competition, but he was eliminated in the first round.
Also he was part of the Dutch water polo team, which finished fourth in the 1908 tournament.
He is the younger brother of Lamme Benenga.
# Michael Roberson

Michael Craig Roberson is an American attorney and politician who served in the Nevada Senate from 2010 until 2018, representing the 20th district. A Republican, Roberson was Senate Majority Leader from 2014 until 2016, and Senate Minority Leader from 2013 to 2014 and again from 2016 to 2018. He is responsible for passing the largest tax increase in Nevada's history, the 2015 Commerce Tax.
On August 21, 2017, Roberson announced that he would run for Lieutenant Governor of Nevada; the incumbent, Mark Hutchison, announced that he would not be seeking a second term in the 2018 election. After winning the Republican nomination, Roberson lost in the general election to the Democratic candidate, Kate Marshall.
# Argyresthia bonnetella

Argyresthia bonnetella is a moth of the family Yponomeutidae. It is found in Europe. The wingspan is 9–11 mm. The head is white. Forewings are shining ochreous-whitish, usually strigulated and sometimes discally suffused with ferruginous brown; a suffused ferruginous -brown median longitudinal streak from base to before middle; a curved dark ferruginous- brown fascia from middle of dorsum to 4/5 of costa, sometimes obsolete except on dorsum. Hindwings are grey. The larva is yellow-green; head and plate of 2 brown.
The moth flies from July to September. .
The larvae feed on Crataegus.
# Rodrigo José Rodrigues

Rodrigo José Rodrigues (26 July 1879 – 18 January 1963) was a military physician, colonial administrator and politician who held prominent roles during the First Portuguese Republic.

## Career

He was Minister of the Interior (1913–1914), Civil Governor of the District of Aveiro and the District of Porto, Governor of Macau (1922–1924) and attaché of the Portuguese legation to the Society of Nations (1924–1927).
Rodrigues was a physician in Cape Verde and Goa and a professor at Goa Medical School before 1910.
He participated in the Portuguese delegation of the League of Nations from 1925 to 1927.
# Paul von Bruns

Paul von Bruns was a German surgeon. He was born in Tübingen, and was the son of surgeon Victor von Bruns. His father-in-law was Protestant theologian Karl Heinrich Weizsäcker.
Bruns was born July 2, 1846. In 1882, Bruns became director of the surgical clinic at Tübingen, as well as a full professor at the University. He was the author of works on numerous medical subjects — laryngotomy for removal of growths in the larynx, acute osteomyelitis, gunshot wounds, limb operations and the treatment of goiters, to name a few.
In 1885, he founded Beiträge zur klinischen Chirurgie (Contributions to Clinical Surgery), and was its editor until his death. With Ernst von Bergmann (1836-1907) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki (1850-1905), he published the four-volume Handbuch der Chirurgie (Handbook of Surgery). He died – June 2, 1916 in Tübingen.
# List of writers on Jainism

This is a list of writers on Jainism. The list should include writers who have Wikipedia articles who have written books about Jainism. Each entry should indicate the writers most well-known work. Multiple works should be listed only if each work has a Wikipedia article.

## 19-20th century

* A.N. Upadhye
* Champat Rai Jain
* Chandabai
* Chandrashekhar Vijay
* Hampa Nagarajaiah
* Hermann Jacobi
* Jambuvijaya
* Jinendra Varni
* Madhusudan Dhaky
* Nathuram Premi
* Rajendrasuri
* Sukhlal Sanghvi
* Virchand Gandhi

### Late 20th century

* Phoolchandra Shastri
* Colette Caillat
* Bal Patil
* Padmanabh Jaini
* Paul Dundas

## 21st century

* Nalini Balbir
* Prabha Kiran Jain
* Mary Whitney Kelting
# Meyer–Wempe

Meyer–Wempe romanization was the system used by two Roman Catholic missionaries in Hong Kong, Bernard F. Meyer and Theodore F. Wempe, for romanizing Cantonese in their Student's Cantonese English Dictionary published in 1935.

## Provenance

Although some attribute development of the system to them, there was nothing new in it$^{:ExplanatoryNotes}$ as their entire schema followed the system devised in the last decade of the 19th century known as Standard Romanization (SR), which, in turn, was almost identical to John Chalmers' system of 1870. Chalmers' system was significant in that it was the first system to virtually do away with diacritics entirely, the sole survivor being his final ö, which is eu in the Standard Romanization while being in this one oeh.

## Initials

| p [p] | p' [pʰ] | m [m] | f [f] | |
| t [t] | t' [tʰ] | n [n] | | l [l] |
| k [k] | k' [kʰ] | ng [ŋ] | h [h] | |
| kw [kw] | k'w [kʰw] | | | oo, w [w] |
| ts [ts] | ts' [tsʰ] | | s [s] | i, y [j] |
| ch [tɕ] | ch' [tɕʰ] | | sh [ɕ] | |
The distinction between the alveolar sibilants ([ts], [tsʰ], and [s]) and alveolo-palatal sibilants ([tɕ], [tɕʰ], and [ɕ]) has been lost in modern Cantonese, though the distinction still existed at the time this system was devised. See Cantonese phonology for more information.

## Finals

| a [aː] | aai [aːi] | aau [aːu] | aam [aːm] | aan [aːn] | aang [aːŋ] | aap [aːp] | aat [aːt] | aak [aːk] |
| | ai [ɐi] | au [ɐu] | am, om [ɐm] | an [ɐn] | ang [ɐŋ] | ap, op [ɐp] | at [ɐt] | ak [ɐk] |
| e [ɛː] | ei [ei] | | | | eng [ɛːŋ] | | | ek [ɛːk] |
| i [iː] | | iu [iːu] | im [iːm] | in [iːn] | ing [eŋ] | ip [iːp] | it [iːt] | ik [ek] |
| oh [ɔː] | oi [ɔːy] | o [ou] | | on [ɔːn] | ong [ɔːŋ] | | ot [ɔːt] | ok [ɔːk] |
| oo [uː] | ooi [uːy] | | | oon [uːn] | ung [oŋ] | | oot [uːt] | uk [ok] |
| oeh [œː] | ui [ɵy] | | | un [ɵn] | eung [œːŋ] | | ut [ɵt] | euk [œːk] |
| ue [yː] | | | | uen [yːn] | | | uet [yːt] | |
| | | | m [m̩] | | ng [ŋ̩] | | | |
The finals m and ng can only be used as standalone nasal syllables.

## Tones

Diacritics are used to mark the six tones of Cantonese. The tone mark should be placed above the first letter of the final.
| No. | Description | Contour | Tone mark | Example |
| 1 | high flat/high falling | 55 / 53 | No mark | ma |
| 2 | high rising | 35 | Acute accent ( ´ ) | má |
| 3 | mid flat | 33 | Grave accent ( ` ) | mà |
| 4 | low falling | 21 | Circumflex ( ˆ ) | mâ |
| 5 | low rising | 23 | Breve ( ˘ ) | mă |
| 6 | low flat | 22 | Macron( ¯ ) | mā |
# Edward F. McLaughlin

Edward Francis McLaughlin (June 6, 1883 – January 28, 1953) was an American politician from Boston.

## Early life

McLaughlin was born on June 6, 1883, in Boston's South End. He graduated from Rice Grammar School in 1898 and Mechanics Arts High School in 1901.

## Political career
### Massachusetts General Court

From 1913 to 1915, McLaughlin represented the 12th Suffolk District in the Massachusetts House of Representatives. From 1916 to 1918 he represented the 4th Suffolk District in the Massachusetts Senate.

### City of Boston

In 1918, McLaughlin was elected to the Boston City Council. He chose not to run for reelection in 1921, but remained involved in politics as chairman of the Democratic City Committee and as a state committeeman.
In 1930, McLaughlin was appointed fire commissioner by Mayor James Michael Curley. In October 1933, McLaughlin resigned in order to support Frederick Mansfield for Mayor. Mansfield won the election and McLaughlin returned to the position of fire commissioner in January 1934. McLaughlin resigned in January 1938 and became involved in the insurance and road construction industries. In 1941, he returned to city government as street commissioner under Mayor Maurice J. Tobin. He later served as the city's Federal relations secretary until 1945.

## Personal life and death

McLaughlin and his wife had five children, one of whom, Edward F. McLaughlin Jr., followed his father into politics. In 1926, the family moved from the South End to Jamaica Plain.
McLaughlin died on January 28, 1953, in Boston.
# José Belforti

José María Belforti Rodríguez (born 4 July 1981) is an Argentine former professional footballer who played as a central defender.

## Club career

Born in Buenos Aires, Belforti played in the Argentine Primera División with Argentinos Juniors, also representing in his country Defensores de Belgrano. After a spell in Italy at Brera Calcio in amateur football he moved to Spain in 2006, where he spent the remainder of his career, almost exclusively in the lower leagues.
In the 2011–12 season, Belforti contributed 34 games and one goal (playoffs included) as CD Lugo promoted to the Segunda División for only the second time in its history. He made his debut in the competition on 17 February 2013, playing the full 90 minutes in a 3–0 away loss against SD Huesca.

## Personal life

Belforti's twin brother, Martín, was also a footballer. A midfielder, he too played several seasons in Spain.
# Dicranales

Dicranales is an order of haplolepideous mosses in the subclass Dicranidae.
# Gonatista grisea

Gonatista grisea, common name grizzled mantis, Florida bark mantis or lichen mimic mantis, is a species of praying mantis native to the southern United States, primarily Florida. They commonly perch on trees facing down to wait for prey, and will eat any insect they can overpower.
# Ashfaq Ali Khan

Ashfaq Ali Khan is an Indian politician and he was a member of the 16th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh of India. He represents the Naugawan Sadat constituency of Uttar Pradesh and now he is a member of the RLD political party.

## Early life and education

Ashfaq Ali Khan was born in Sihali Jageer, Uttar Pradesh. He attended Lucknow university and attained Bachelor of Laws degree.

## Political career

Ashfaq Ali Khan has been a MLA for one term. He represented the Naugawan Sadat constituency and was a member of the Samajwadi Party political party. He lost the election in 17th Assembly Election in Uttar Pradesh from Rashtriya Lok Dal ticket.

## Posts held

| # | From | To | Position | Comments |
| 01 | 2012 | Mar-2017 | Member, 16th Legislative Assembly | |
# Jeffry Jack

Jeffry Jack (born July 6, 1961) is an American politician. He has served as a Republican member for the 7th district in the Kansas House of Representatives from 2003 to 2005.
# Sadanand Date

Sadanand Date (born 14 December 1966) is an officer of the 1991 batch Indian Police Service (IPS) belonging to Maharashtra cadre and currently serves as Director General of the National Investigation Agency from 1 April 2024 onwards.

## Police career

Date has held several important posts at the state and national levels of the IPS, including serving as deputy inspector general of police in the CBI. He gained a doctorate from Pune University (in his home town), having previously done postgraduate work in commerce. Date is also a qualified cost and management accountant from Institute of Cost Accountants of India He attended the University of Minnesota under the Humphrey fellowship program, where he studied the theoretical and practical aspects of controlling white-collar and organized crime in the United States. On his return to India he was posted as additional commissioner of police (economic offences wing). He was awarded the President's medal in 2007. He previously held the post of Commissioner of police for Mira-Bhayandar and Vasai-Virar city near Mumbai. Later he held the position of Director General of the Anti Terrorism Squad of Maharashtra.

## Mumbai attacks

Date was wounded and attracted international attention during the 2008 Mumbai attacks because of his actions resisting terrorists at the Cama and Albless Hospital for women and children. Date was awarded the President's Police Medal for Gallantry for saving lives of women and children at Cama Hospital on 26/11/2008.
# Cumbernauld and Kilsyth (district)

55°57′36″N 4°01′08″W﻿ / ﻿55.960°N 4.019°W﻿ / 55.960; -4.019
Cumbernauld and Kilsyth was one of nineteen local government districts in the Strathclyde region of Scotland between 1975 and 1996.

## History

The district was created in 1975 under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973, which established a two-tier structure of local government across mainland Scotland comprising upper-tier regions and lower-tier districts. Cumbernauld and Kilsyth was one of nineteen districts created within the region of Strathclyde. The district covered parts of four former districts from the historic counties of Dunbartonshire and Stirlingshire, all of which were abolished at the same time:
* From Dunbartonshire:
** Cumbernauld Burgh
** Kirkintilloch and Cumbernauld District (Croy and Dullatur electoral division and part of Twechar and Waterside electoral division within designated area of Cumbernauld New Town)
* From Stirlingshire:
** Kilsyth Burgh
** Central No.2 district (Kilsyth West electoral division and Banton polling district from Kilsyth East electoral division)
The 1973 Act gave the new district the name "Cumbernauld". The shadow council elected in 1974 to oversee the transition to the new system requested a change of name to "Cumbernauld and Kilsyth", which was approved by the government before the new district came into being.
The district was abolished in 1996 under the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994 which replaced regions and districts with unitary council areas. North Lanarkshire council area was formed covering the abolished districts of Cumbernauld and Kilsyth, Monklands, Motherwell, and the Chryston area of Strathkelvin district.
Cumbernauld and Kilsyth remains a constituency of the Scottish Parliament and was formerly a constituency of the House of Commons.

## Political control

The first election to the district council was held in 1974, initially operating as a shadow authority alongside the outgoing authorities until it came into its powers on 16 May 1975. Political control of the council from 1975 was as follows:
| Party in control | Years |
| SNP | 1975–1980 |
| Labour | 1980–1988 |
| No overall control | 1988–1992 |
| Labour | 1992–1996 |

## Premises

The council established its headquarters at a new building called Council Offices on Bron Way in the centre of Cumbernauld. Since the council's abolition in 1996 the building has been known as Bron Chambers and used as additional offices of North Lanarkshire Council.
# Anne Riemersma

Anne Riemersma (born 1954) is a Dutch road and track racing cyclist. She was a three times silver medal winner in the individual pursuit at the UCI Track Cycling World Championships, in 1977, 1978 and 1979. She became national track cycling champion in the individual pursuit and the omnium in 1978.
She married Gerrit Möhlmann and changed her last name to Anne Möhlmann. Her husband, sons Pleuni Möhlmann and Peter Möhlmann, and son-in-law Fulco Van Gulik were also professional cyclists.
# Gerald Mordaunt Broome Salmon

Gerald Mordaunt Broome Salmon, OBE (27 September 1921 – 16 April 2002) was a British businessman.

## Early years

Salmon was born on 27 September 1921 in Waltham St. Lawrence, Berkshire to Lionel Mordaunt Broome Salmon and Henrietta Elizabeth Keays Young, an established military family. He followed his family tradition by joining the Indian Army. He was promoted to 2nd Lieutenant on 17 May 1941.

## Career

He joined the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company (P&O) and became its manager. He was also director of the Wharf Company and the chairman of the board of the Hong Kong Electric Company and the Mackinnon, Mackenzie & Co.
Salmon was first appointed to the Legislative Council of Hong Kong in 1969. In 1970, he was elected chairman of the Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce after served as a vice-chairman under M. A. R. Herries. He went on to represent the chamber from 1970 to 1972. He was also member of the Board of Trustees of United College and director of the Hong Kong Trade Development Council. In 1973, he was awarded Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for his public services in Hong Kong.

## Personal life

He married Margaret Anne Pike and had four sons, Hugh Salmon, Peter Salmon, Jamie Salmon and Anthony Salmon.