OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Irish History Junior Certificate Examination

The Irish History Junior Certificate Examination is an achievement test on world history that is offered to students in Ireland.
It is one of a suite of Junior Certificate Examinations the country uses to assess students. It has two difficulty levels, Higher and Ordinary. This subject is not required at a national level. However, many schools make it compulsory. Most students choose to complete the Higher Level exam.

## Ordinary level

The Ordinary Level exam lasts 90 minutes. It includes four questions. The maximum score is 180.
Questions :
| Number | Type | Mark | Recommended time to spend |
| Question 1 | Sources: Pictures | 35 marks | 15 minutes |
| Question 2 | Sources: Documents | 35 marks | 15 minutes |
| Question 3 | Short Questions | 60 marks | 20 minutes |
| Question 4 | People in History | 50 marks | 30 minutes |

## Higher level

The exam lasts 150 minutes. It includes six questions. The maximum score is 270.
Questions :
| Number | Type | Mark | Recommended time to spend |
| Question 1 | Picture Questions | 35 marks | 10 minutes |
| Question 2 | Document Questions | 35 marks | 10 minutes |
| Question 3 | Short Questions | 60 marks | 20 minutes |
| Question 4 | People in History | 50 marks | 25 minutes |
| Question 5 | Long Document Question | 30 marks | 15 minutes |
| Question 6 | One of four options (see below) | 60 marks | 20 minutes |
Questions 1, 2 and 5 are mandatory. Only 10 of the 20 sub-questions in Question 3 are required. Question 4 includes two sections. One sub-question from each section must be answered. In Question 6, only two of four possible sub-questions need to be completed. The four sub-question topics are:
* Question A: Unknown until exam
* Question B: Social Life
* Question C: Political History
* Question D: World War I & World War II

## Topics

Topics include:
* Historians, Archaeologists, Sources
* Ancient Rome
* Ancient Ireland
* Early Christian Ireland
* The Middle Ages/Medieval times
* Monks and Friars
* The Renaissance
* Exploration and Discovery
* The Reformation
* Plantations in Ireland
* The American Revolution: 1775-1881
* The French Revolution: 1789-1799
* The Revolution in Ireland:1798
* The Agricultural Revolution
* The Industrial Revolution
* The Transport Revolution
* Ireland in the mid-nineteenth century
* The Home Rule Crisis in Ireland:1910-1914
* The Easter Rising and After:1916-1918
* War of independence and Civil War:1919-1923
* Cumann nan Gaedheal in power:1923-1932
* Fianna Fáil in Government:1932-1948
* The Inter-Party Government:1948-1951
* From 1950 onward (Different Governments)
* Northern Ireland:1920-2000
* Dictatorship (knowledge of characteristics)
* Fascist Italy
* The Nazis take power in Germany
* Hitler's Five Steps to War
* World War II:1939-1945
* The Super-powers & the Cold War:1945-1991
* Social Changes in 20th Century Ireland
# George M. Maypole

George M. Maypole (July 25, 1883 – January 19, 1956) was an American businessman and politician.
Born in Chicago, Illinois, Maypole went to the Chicago Public Schools. In 1905, he graduated from the University of Notre Dame with a degree in business administration. Maypole also went to Bryant and Stratton Business College, and Chicago-Kent College of Law. Maypole worked for many years with the Silver Springs Coal Creek, and was also involved with the Stutz Motor Car Company. He was part owner of the Chicago Bears football team with George Halas, and from 1917 to 1931, Maypole served on the Chicago City Council and was a Democrat. Then from 1931 to 1943, Maypole served in the Illinois State Senate and was president pro tempore of the senate. In 1940, he ran unsuccessfully in the Democratic primary for lieutenant governor of Illinois. In 1951, Maypole and his wife moved to Palm Springs, California. While living in Palm Springs, Maypole formed the first Democratic Party club. Maypole died at a hospital in Palm Springs, California.
# Beth Johnson (American politician)

Elizabeth McCullough Johnson (November 21, 1909–1973) was an American politician. She served as a Democratic member of the Florida House of Representatives and Florida Senate for nearly a decade. Johnson became the first female state senator in Florida history upon her election in 1962. She had previously become the second woman elected to the Florida House, when she was chosen to represent Orange County in 1958.
Johnson was a leading advocate, along with former State Senate President William A. Shands, for the establishment of the University of Central Florida in 1963. She considered it, along with the creation of a statewide planning and zoning system, as her chief legislative accomplishments. Johnson was a member of the League of Women Voters, and was posthumously inducted into the Florida Women's Hall of Fame in 1986.
Senator Beth Johnson Park, a 1.26-acre (0.51-hectare) urban park located near Lake Ivanhoe in Orlando, is named in her honor.
* Biography portal
* Florida portal
# Valeriu Chiveri

Valeriu Chiveri (born 26 December 1963) is a Moldovan diplomat, and the current Ambassador of Moldova to Ukraine.
Chiveri studied at Moldova State University, National University of Political Studies and Public Administration and Technical University of Moldova.
He was formerly the Ambassador of the Republic of Moldova to Austria and Slovakia, starting his duties in 2010.
On June 12, 2013, Chiveri was named Vice-minister of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Moldova.
He was appointed Ambassador to Ukraine in February 2022.
# Aprilia RS125

The Aprilia RS125 is a GP derived replica sport production motorcycle. It is powered by a Rotax single cylinder 124.8 cc two-stroke engine with Nikasil coated aluminium cylinder block, and liquid cooling.

## Generations
### RS125 Extrema/Replica 1992 to 1995

Aprilia introduced the first RS125 in 1992. It has an angular tail section and swept front fairing, square cut headlight unit, three spoke rims, air scoops on the upper front middle fairing, Electric starter or kick start on the left hand side and analogue gauges. There was only one model variant in this year range which denoted RS 125 R on the tank and was red and black in colour. Production was 1994.

### RS125 1995 to 1998

The RS125 is revised and the Extrema wording is dropped. The RS retains a lot of the appearances of the previous RS but there are some notable differences. The front air intakes are integrated into the front upper portion of the middle fairing. The headlight unit is rounded and the lip is introduced to the top centre. A digital gauge is added in place of the temperature gauge. For the Italian market the biggest change is a new engine, the Rotax 122, a new improved version to the previous Rotax 123. In most of Europe the Rotax 123 is still used up to 1997/1998 (Spain).

### RS125 1999 to 2005

The RS125 was revised again in 1999 with more rounded and bulbous fairings, five spoke rims and a single air duct on the driver's right hand side. The lip on the headlight unit is increased in size.

### RS125 2006 to 2012

The RS125 was given completely new fairing styling similar to the RSV 1000R. It has angular fairings, two headlight bulbs, a digital gauge, and multispoke Marchesini-styled rims. The bike also has a vacuum fuel tap on the tank.
Aprilia changed to radial four-piston brake calipers and added braided brake lines.
In 2008, Aprilia changed the electronics from Nippon-Denso to a EFI Technology ECU and introduced the new Dell'Orto 28 mm VHST CD carburetor to meet the more stringent EURO3 emissions standards.
The line was dropped in 2012 to make way for the new RS4 125, going from a two-stroke to a single-cylinder four-stroke fuel injected system.

### Tuono 2003 to 2004

The RS125 Tuono was introduced in 2003 as a semi naked version of the RS125. Production ran until 2004 and was subsequently dropped from the line-up.
The Tuono was essentially an RS125 with the middle and lower portions of the fairings absent and a handlebar fitted on the top yoke.
# Absentee business owner

An absentee business owner is a business owner who does not personally manage the business or does not live in the community in which the business operates, but owns it.

## Research

Studies show that money spent locally circulates back into the community three times as much when it is not spent with an absentee-owned business. Local currency has been implemented in some communities as a countermeasure to this effect. Neighborhood investment, in which members of the community are given opportunities to become partial owners of new developments, is another method.
In Brazil, studies found that more than a third of the profits generated from tourism were exported to absentee business owners. In Vietnam, the economic expansion of the 1990s was associated with a rise in absentee business owners. There has also been concern that tourism profits in Southern Africa go to absentee business owners.

## Risks

Absentee business owners can be more vulnerable to theft by employees, especially when record keeping is turned over to employees, unless proper internal controls and review are implemented. In the United States, many business-owning military reservists have become absentee business owners during long tours of duty in Iraq and Afghanistan.
# Friulian Dolomites

The Friulian Dolomites (Italian: Dolomiti Friulane), also known as Dolomiti d'Oltre Piave ("Dolomites beyond the Piave") are a mountain range in the Carnic and Gailtal Alps. They are located in northeastern Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia, in northeastern Italy. They are the easternmost dolomitic group. As part of the Dolomites, they have been officially recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Site under the World Heritage Convention, and most of their area is also covered by the Friulian Dolomites Natural Park.
The range is located across the provinces of Belluno, Udine and Pordenone, between the upper Piave valley to the west, the Meduna valley to the east, the Cellina valley to the south, and the upper Tagliamento valley to the north. It is divided into four sub-groups, Cridola, Spalti-Monfalconi, Duranno and Pramaggiore.

## Peaks

Notable peaks of the Friulian Dolomites are:
| Peak | Elevation (m/ft) | Elevation (m/ft) |
| Cima dei Preti | 2703 | 8868 |
| Monte Duranno | 2652 | 8700 |
| Monte Cridola | 2581 | 8467 |
| Croda Montanaia | 2548 | 8359 |
| Crodon di Giaf | 2523 | 8277 |
| Monte Pramaggiore | 2479 | 8133 |
# Le Corbusier's Furniture

Le Corbusier's Furniture is a classic furniture line created by Le Corbusier. The line was introduced in 1928 at the Salon d‘Autumne in Paris.

## History

Le Corbusier began experimenting with furniture design in 1928 after seeing a model apartment designed by the architect Charlotte Perriand and inviting her to join his studio. His cousin, Pierre Jeanneret, also collaborated on many of the designs. Before the arrival of Perriand, Le Corbusier relied on ready-made furniture to furnish his projects, such as the simple pieces manufactured by Thonet, the company that manufactured his designs in the 1930s.

## Conceptualization

In 1928, Le Corbusier and Perriand began to put the expectations for furniture Le Corbusier outlined in his 1925 book L'Art Décoratif d'aujourd'hui into practice. In the book he defined three different furniture types: type-needs, type-furniture, and human-limb objects.
He defined human-limb objects as: "Extensions of our limbs and adapted to human functions that are type-needs and type-functions, therefore type-objects and type-furniture. The human-limb object is a docile servant. A good servant is discreet and self-effacing in order to leave his master free. Certainly, works of art are tools, beautiful tools. And long live the good taste manifested by choice, subtlety, proportion, and harmony".

## Products

The first results of the collaboration were three chrome-plated tubular steel chairs designed for two of his projects, The Maison la Roche in Paris and a pavilion for Barbara and Henry Church. The line of furniture was expanded for Le Corbusier's 1929 Salon d'Automne installation, 'Equipment for the Home'.
These chairs included the LC-1, LC-2, LC-3, and LC-4, originally titled "Basculant" (LC-1), "Fauteuil grand confort, petit modèle" (LC-2, "great comfort sofa, small model"), "Fauteuil grand confort, grand modèle" (LC-3, "great comfort sofa, large model"), and "Chaise longue" (LC-4, "Long chair"). The LC-2 and LC-3 are more colloquially referred to as the petit confort and grand confort (abbreviation of full title, and due to respective sizes). The LC-2 was featured in the Maxell "blown away" advertisement.

## List of Furniture items

* LC1 - Sling Chair, originally titled Basculant
* LC2 - Grand confort, petit modèle referred as Cushion Baskets (1928)
* LC3 - Grand confort, grand modèle referred as Cushion Baskets (1928)
* LC4 - Chaise longue "Long chair"
* LC5 - Sofa Bed
* LC5.F - Canapé
* LC6 - Table
* LC7 - The Swivel Chair (1928)
* LC8 - Swivel Stool
* LC9 - Bathroom Stool
* LC10 P - Rectangular Low Table
* LC11 P - Table
* LC12 - Table designed in 1925 for Villa La Roche
* LC13 - Fauteuil Wagon Fumoir
* LC14 - Tabouret (1952 - 1959) (Tabouret LC14.01, Tabouret LC14.02)
* LC15 - Table De Conférence
* LC16 - Table De Travail Avec Rayonnages
* LC17 - Portemantea (1957)
* LC19 - Table Esprit Nouveau

### Wooden

* Authentic wood design
# Holy Unmercenaries

Holy Unmercenaries (Greek: Άγιοι Ανάργυροι, romanized: Agioi Anárgyroi) is an epithet applied to a number of Christian saints who did not accept payment for good deeds. These include Christian healers or physicians who, in conspicuous opposition to medical practice of the day, tended to the sick, free of charge.

## List of Holy Unmercenaries

Saints bearing this title include:
* Zenaida and Philonella (c. 100)
* Saint Tryphon (c. 250)
* Saint Thalelaeus the Unmercenary, at Anazarbus in Cilicia (284)
* Saints Cosmas and Damian of Mesopotamia (c. 303)
* Saint Pantaleon (c. 305), also called Saint Panteleimon
* Saints Cyrus and John (c. 304)
* Saint Diomedes of Tarsus (c. 311)
* Saint Blaise (316)
* Saint Sampson the Hospitable (c. 530)
* Saint Agapetus of the Kiev Caves (1095)
* Saint Matrona Nikonova (1952)
* Saint Luke the Surgeon of Crimea (1961)
# Roger McAuliffe

Roger P. McAuliffe (July 6, 1938 – July 5, 1996), was a Republican member of the Illinois House of Representatives.
He served from 1973 until his death in 1996 - a total of 12 consecutive terms in the Illinois General Assembly, and was also elected eight times as Republican Ward Committeeman of Chicago's 38th Ward. A member of Chicago's 38th Ward regular Republican organization since the late 1950s, he was an army veteran who lost the ward's aldermanic election in 1963. A long-time top Chicago Republican precinct captain, McAuliffe succeeded William J. Murray as 38th Ward Republican Ward Committeeman, in a special organization election (voted on by the 38th Ward's 73 Republican precinct captains), following Murray's death in December, 1968. In November, 1972, Roger Philip McAuliffe was elected State Representative for Illinois's 16th Legislative District. He was re-elected to twelve successive two-year terms, prior to his drowning while fishing in northern Wisconsin on the day before he would have celebrated his 58th birthday.
The Illinois General Assembly passed a resolution to rename the Chicago North Drivers License Facility (of which he had been the manager before he became a legislator) the Roger P. McAuliffe Drivers License Facility.
His son, Michael P. McAuliffe, was appointed to succeed him, and held the seat until his resignation in June 2019. Between them, father and son represented this northwestern Chicago district for 46 years.
# Triodia stipoides

Triodia stipoides is a species of grass native to the Kimberley region of Western Australia. It is a perennial which grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropics.
It was named Monodia stipoides in 1985 by Surrey Wilfrid Laurance Jacobs, who classified it the sole species in genus Monodia. It was reclassified into genus Triodia in 2015.
# Department of War (France)

The Department of War (French: Département de la Guerre) was a ministerial department of the King's household (Maison du Roi) during the Ancien Régime in France. The department had control over the French Royal Army, Maréchaussée (military police), and the Frontier Border Troops. In 1791, as part of the governmental reforms carried out by the Constitutional Cabinet of Louis XVI, the department was abolished and subsequently reformed as the Ministry of War.

## History

The first Secretary of State for War was appointed by Henry II of France on 1 April 1547, and till 25 May 1791 became commonplace to have a 'Secretary of State for War' leading the department.

## List of schools

* Staff, Administration, and Officers' Schools
** Brienne Military School – established in 1730, abolished in 1790
** École Militaire – established in 1780
** Metz Military School – established in 1720
* Combat Schools
** Saumur Cavalry School – established in 1771
** Royal School of Engineering of Mézières – established in 1748
** Artillery Schools – all based at each artillery regiment's depot: La Fère, Besançon, Grenoble, Auxonne, Metz, Perpignan, and Valence
# The Game of Monogamy

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Consequence of Sound | |
| Indie Rock Reviews | (8.6/10) |
| Pitchfork | (6.6/10) |
| SPIN | |
| Sputnikmusic | |
The Game of Monogamy is the first solo album by Cursive and The Good Life frontman Tim Kasher. It was released on 5 October 2010 in the UK.
The album features musical assistance from members of Cursive and Minus the Bear.

## Track listing

* "Monogamy Overture" - 1:54
* "A Grown Man" - 2:01
* "I'm Afraid I'm Gonna Die Here" - 4:50
* "Strays" - 4:53
* "Cold Love" - 2:47
* "Surprise, Surprise" - 1:04
* "There Must Be Something I've Lost" - 4:57
* "Bad, Bad Dreams" - 2:56
* "No Fireworks" - 4:07
* "The Prodigal Husband" - 3:13
* "Monogamy" - 5:17
# San Francesco, Città di Castello

43°27′31.198″N 12°14′23.694″E﻿ / ﻿43.45866611°N 12.23991500°E﻿ / 43.45866611; 12.23991500San Francesco is a Roman Catholic church in Città di Castello, Province of Perugia, Umbria, Italy.

## History

A church at the site was consecrated in 1291, but has undergone centuries of reconstructions and enlargements. Few elements such as the apse, the right wall, and some windows date to the original Gothic architecture style church. A major reconstruction between 1707 and 1727 created the present Baroque architecture structure and interior decoration. The simple brick facade differs from the elaborately decorative interior. The stucco were completed Antonio Milli; the ceiling medallions were frescoed with Saints Francis, Anthony of Padua and Giuseppe da Copertino, by Lucantonio Angiolucci.
The Vitelli chapel on the left was designed (circa 1550) by Giorgio Vasari. He painted the large canvas depicting the Coronation of the Virgin (1563). The altar of St Joseph in the church has now a copy of the original Marriage of the Virgin (1504) by Raphael, stolen by Napoleonic troops in 1798, and now in the Pinacoteca di Brera. The 14th century carved altar is attributed to Franciscan Beato Giacomo. One of the chapels on the right once held a reliquary holding the arm of the apostle St Andrew, by Lorenzo Ghiberti, now in the local Pinacoteca Comunale of the city. Luca Signorelli's The Adoration of the Shepherds (1496); Raffaello del Colle's Presentation of Mary at the Temple; and Pomarancio's Burial of St Stephen was painted for this church, now also in the Pinacoteca.
A guide from 1878 inventoried in the church, works that included St Bernardino da Siena by Tommaso Conca; an Annunciation (1575) by Niccolò Pomarancio; another Annuciation with Apostles attributed to Raffaello del Colle; an Immaculate Conception attributed to Antonio Pomarancio; a Virgin with Saints Sebastian and Francis attributed to Pontormo; a Fall of St Paul by Virgilio Ducci; and a Coronation of the Virgin with Angels by Giorgio Vasari.
# Gamil (name)

Gamil is the Egyptian pronunciation of the masculine given name Jamil.
It is also a family name.

## People with this given name

* Gamil Agamaliev (born 1974), Azerbaijani chess grandmaster
* Marc Lépine (born as Gamil Rodrigue Liass Gharbi; 1964–1989), Canadian mass murderer
* Gamil Ratib (1926-2018), Egyptian actor

## People with this family name

* Sanaa Gamil (1932–2002), Egyptian actress
* Soliman Gamil (1924–1994), Egyptian composer and qanun player
# C. L. McCormick

C.L. McCormick (December 1, 1919 – March 1, 1987) was an American politician and businessman.

## Early life

C.L. McCormick was born in McCormick, Illinois, an unincorporated community in Pope County, Illinois. C.L. was his full first name, possibly inspired by his grandfather Christian and his grandmother's maiden name Lay. He went to the Vienna, Illinois public schools and was elected to the Vienna, Illinois City Council. He served in the United States Army during World War II for forty-six months. After the war, he owned a taxi, merchandise, and restaurant business in Vienna, Illinois. In 1950, McCormick challenged the longtime incumbent county clerk of Johnson County in the Republican primary and was elected in that year's general election. He was reelected in 1954.

## Legislative career

He served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1957 to 1975. He chose to retire rather than run for reelection in 1974. He was succeeded by fellow Republican Robert Winchester while fellow incumbents Clyde L. Choate and Richard O. Hart were reelected.
He returned to politics, defeating Democratic incumbent William L. Harris in the 1980 general election. He served in the Illinois House of Representatives again from 1981 to 1983. In 1981, he announced his decision to challenge Democratic incumbent Gene Johns for the Illinois Senate after the latter had been indicted for violating campaign contribution disclosure laws. In a three-way race with a candidate from the Equal Rights Party, Johns defeated McCormick to retain his seat. He died at Massac Hospital in Metropolis, Illinois.