OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Starship (disambiguation)

A starship is a theoretical vehicle for interstellar travel.
Starship may also refer to:

## Film and television

* Spacecraft in Star Trek, many of which are known as starships
* Starship (film), a 1985 science fiction film by Roger Christian
* Starship: Rising, a 2014 science fiction film by Neil Johnson
* Starship: Apocalypse, a 2014 sequel science fiction film to Starship: Rising

## Literature

* Starship (fanzine), published from 1963–1984 by Andrew Porter
* Starship (novel) or Non-Stop, a 1958 science fiction novel by Brian Aldiss
* "Stellar Ships" or "Star Ships", a 1944 science fiction story by Ivan Yefremov

## Music

* Jefferson Starship, an American rock band formed in 1974 from members of Jefferson Airplane
* Starship (band), formed in 1984 from members of Jefferson Starship
* Starship EP, an EP by Zion I
* "Starships" (song), a song by Nicki Minaj
* Starship (musical), a musical by StarKid Productions
** Starship (album), an album of music from the theatre production
* Starship Entertainment, a South Korean music label

## Vehicles

* The Starship, an aircraft used by Led Zeppelin and other bands in the 1970s
* Beechcraft Starship, a small executive aircraft
* M60A2 Starship, an American tank
* SpaceX Starship, a fully reusable large space vehicle being developed by SpaceX, composed of
** SpaceX Starship (spacecraft), the upper stage of the integrated stack, also called Starship
** SpaceX Super Heavy "booster", the lower rocket stage that returns to the launch tower

## Video games

* Star Ship, a 1978 video game for the Atari 2600
* Starship 1, a 1976 Atari video game
* Sid Meier's Starships, a video game released in 2015

## Other uses

* Starship Children's Health, a hospital in Auckland, New Zealand
* Starship Technologies, a delivery robot company
* Starship (genetics), a type of transposalbe element found in fungi
# Chad Holt

Chad Jeremy Holt (October 3, 1972 – August 18, 2019) was an American writer, actor, and performer in Austin, Texas. He was the subject of the independent documentary film Total Badass by director Bob Ray about his struggles with drug use and the criminal justice system.

## SXSW wristbands

Holt first came to notoriety when he was arrested and then convicted of counterfeiting wristbands to the annual South by Southwest Music Festival (SXSW). He avoided a prison sentence by agreeing to be placed on community supervision for five years.

## Total Badass

Holt's struggles to remain clean and sober while on probation for the counterfeiting charges is the central topic in the documentary film Total Badass by independent filmmaker Bob Ray.

## Acting

In addition to his writing, singing, and publishing activities, Holt also acted in movies that featured the Austin area as their backdrops. He was in Ray's first film, Total Badass, and he was cast in the multi-director Slacker remake of the same name, Slacker 2011. Ray and Holt also filmed commercials for Holt's non-profit, Drunk Drivers of Texas, and for his attorney friend, Adam Reposa, for whom Holt worked as a legal assistant.
# Wartislaw V

Wartislaw V. (c. 1 November 1326 – 1390) was a duke of Pomerania from the House of Griffin. He initially ruled Pomerania-Wolgast jointly with his elder brothers Barnim IV and Bogislaw V. He stood in their shadow and after 1368, he ruled his own part of the Duchy: the Land of Neustettin. Neustettin is now called Szczecinek.

## Life

Wartislaw V was the youngest, posthumous son of Duke Wartislaw IV, who reigned in the Duchy of Pomerania Pomerania-Wolgast, and his wife Elisabeth of Silesia. Wartislaw IV died on 1 August 1326; Wartislaw V was born around 1 November 1326.
After Wartislaw IV, his older sons Barnim IV and Bogislaw V jointly ruled Pomerania-Wolgast, initially under guardianship. Wartislav is first mentioned in a document from 1338, which he did not seal. From 1341, the three brothers ruled jointly and independently. Bogislaw was the most active ruler initially, later Barnim was most active. Wartislaw always remained in the shadow of his brothers.
Barnim IV died in 1365. His sons Wartislaw VI and Bogislaw VI inherited his share in the government. They supported Wartislaw V against Bogislaw V. The dispute degenerated into a civil war and Emperor Charles IV intervened. He authorized a committee of arbitration, which included the Lübeck City Council. On 25 May 1368, the dukes agreed on a preliminary division of Pomerania-Wolgast, in which Wartislaw V received the Land of Neustettin. The final division was made on 8 June 1372.
Wartislaw V died in 1390. He was probably buried in the monastery at Pudagla.
Wartislaw V was, according to the historian Martin Wehrmann (1861–1937), unmarried and reports to the contrary by some genealogists are incorrect.
# Oscar Keller

Oscar Edward Keller (July 30, 1878 – November 21, 1927) was a representative from Minnesota.
He was born in Helenville, Wisconsin, and attended the public schools and the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He moved to Minnesota in 1901 and settled in St. Paul.
He was employed as a billing clerk and later engaged in mercantile pursuits. He was a member of the city council of St. Paul from 1910 to 1914, city commissioner from 1914 to 1919, and commissioner of public utilities from 1914 to 1919.
He was elected as an Independent Republican to the 66th congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Carl Van Dyke. He was reelected as a Republican to the 67th, 68th, and 69th congresses and served from July 1, 1919, to March 3, 1927. He was chairman of the Committee on Railways and Canals (68th and 69th Congresses). He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1926.
He was also engaged in the real estate business.
He died in St. Paul, Minnesota, and was interred in Elmhurst Cemetery.
# Sugar panning

Sugar panning, or simply panning, is a method for adding a sugar-based shell to confectionery or nuts.$^{:251}$ Popular products that employ this process in their manufacture include dragées, gobstoppers, konpeitō and jelly beans. Jelly beans use soft panning while the others are examples of hard panning. The process was initially invented in 17th-century France to make jordan almonds.

## Method

The same process is used for hard and soft panning, but different ingredients and speeds are used for each. A dragée pan, a spherical or oval pan mounted on an angled spinning post, is used. The pan is open to the air to allow ingredients to be added and the syrup to dry. The centers are put in the dragée pan, and syrup is added. When the pan is rotated, the syrup is evenly distributed over the centers, drying as a layer. Soft panned layers can be quite thick and do not preserve the shape of the center very well. Hard-panned layers take longer to dry and can be as thin as 10-14μm.$^{:248}$
Many types of center may be used, but they must be strong enough to not break during the tumbling. Nuts should be dried and sealed, such as with gum arabic and flour, to prevent oils from escaping and discoloring the candy shell. Other centers may be precoated for sealing or to improve the syrup sticking to the center. Chewing gum is difficult to pan without precoating.$^{:252}$

## Materials

Soft panning uses a syrup that will not crystallize, such as glucose. To assist in drying, powdered sugar or caster sugar is added during processing.$^{:248}$
# Josh Timu

Josh Timu (ジョシュ ティム, Joshu Timu) is a New Zealand rugby union player who plays as a fullback. He currently plays for Highlanders in Super Rugby.

## Playing career

Timu has played for Otago provincial team from 2017, and the Otago highlanders Super Rugby team since 2022. He also played 8 games for the Japanese based Sunwolves Super Rugby team in 2019.
# Kálmán Sóvári (wrestler)

Kálmán Sóvári (September 12, 1910 – December 18, 1996) was a Hungarian wrestler who competed in two Olympic games in 1936 and 1948. He competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics in Men's Freestyle Welterweight, but did not win a medal. At the 1948 Summer Olympics, he participated in the same event and placed 5th. He was born in Szombathely and died in Budapest.
His son, Kálmán Sóvári played on two FIFA World Cups as a football player.
# Adapter (genetics)

An adapter or adaptor in genetic engineering is a short, chemically synthesized, double-stranded oligonucleotide that can be ligated to the ends of other DNA or RNA molecules. Double stranded adapters are different from linkers in that they contain one blunt end and one sticky end. For instance, a double stranded DNA adapter can be used to link the ends of two other DNA molecules (i.e., ends that do not have "sticky ends", that is complementary protruding single strands by themselves). It may be used to add sticky ends to cDNA allowing it to be ligated into the plasmid much more efficiently. Two adapters could base pair to each other to form dimers.

## Types of Adapters

A conversion adapter is used to join a DNA insert cut with one restriction enzyme, say EcoRl, with a vector opened with another enzyme, Bam Hl. This adapter can be used to convert the cohesive end produced by Bam Hl to one produced by Eco Rl or vice versa. One of its applications is ligating cDNA into a plasmid or other vectors instead of using Terminal deoxynucleotide Transferase enzyme to add poly A to the cDNA fragment.
NGS adapters are short ~80 BP fragments that bind to DNA to aid in amplification during library preparation and are also useful to bind DNA to the flow cell during sequencing. These adapters are made up of three parts that flank the DNA sequence of interest. There is the flow cell binding sequence, the primer binding site, and also tagged barcoded regions to allow pooled sequencing.
# Wisinto of Kremsmünster

Wisinto of Kremsmünster (died c. 1250) was an Austrian Benedictine priest, monk, and holy figure. Little is known of his life other than the fact that he served at Kremsmünster Abbey. Austrian Benedictines refer to him as Saint Wisinto; elsewhere, however, he is known as Blessed. His feast day is 31 December.
# Ethnogeography

Ethnogeography or Ethnic Geography (ἔθνος + γεωγραφία) is the scientific study of the geographic distribution of ethnic groups. Ethnogeography is related to geography in the broad sense by its study of the influence of human activity and of ethnic entities as a whole.
# T. Newell Wood

Theodore Newell Wood (July 10, 1909 – October 18, 1982) was an American politician from Pennsylvania who served as a Republican member of the Pennsylvania State Senate for the 20th district from 1947 to 1978.

## Biography

Wood was born in Harveys Lake, Pennsylvania. He served as a member of the Pennsylvania State Senate for the 20th district from 1947 to 1978 and for four years as Luzerne County Commissioner. He was also a businessman who worked as chairman of the board of Kingston National Bank and President of Pressed Steel Company in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.
From 1952 to 1956, Wood hosted the Brynfan Tyddyn Road Race around his estate in Pennsylvania. Brynfan Tyddyn is Welsh for "large farm on a hilltop" and the race consisted of 10 laps around a 3.5 mile course around the estate. The race was discontinued in 1957 after a fatal accident and officials determined the course was too dangerous and difficult for participants and spectators to reach.
In 1979, Wood testified at the bribery trial of U.S. Congressman Daniel Flood that $4,000 in stock given to Flood was a gift for his friendship and not a bribe to assist in the merger of banks that Wood was facilitating.
Wood died on October 18, 1982.
# Nelson Chelle

Nelson Rubens Chelle Naddeo (May 18, 1931 – December 17, 2001) was a basketball player from Uruguay, who won the bronze medal with the men's national team at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia. Four years later he once again competed in the Olympics for his native country.
# László Réczi

László Réczi (born 1947) is a Hungarian wrestler. He was born in Kiskunfélegyháza. He won an Olympic bronze medal in Greco-Roman wrestling in 1976. He won a gold medal at the 1977 World Wrestling Championships.
# Duler

Duler (Serbian Cyrillic: Дулер) is a village in the Municipality of Bosansko Grahovo, Canton 10 of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 17, all Serbs.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Ethnicity/National Affiliation, Religion and Mother Tongue 2019, pp. 498–499.
# Commander of the Armed Forces of Malta

The Commander of the Armed Forces is the highest-ranking military officer of in the Armed Forces of Malta, who is responsible for maintaining the operational command of the military. The current commander is Brigadier Clinton J. O'Neill.

## List of Commanders

| No. | Commander AMF | Took office | Left office | Time in office |
| 1 | Tagliaferro, AlfredBrigadier Alfred Samut-Tagliaferro | 19 April 1973 | August 1975 | 2 years, 3 months |
| 2 | Gera, ArthurBrigadier Arthur J.A. Gera MBE | August 1975 | 28 February 1980 | 4 years, 6 months |
| 3 | Spiteri, JohnBrigadier John Spiteri (?–2011) | 1 March 1980 | September 1991 | 11 years, 6 months |
| 4 | Calleja, MauriceBrigadier Maurice E. Calleja | September 1991 | December 1993 | 2 years, 3 months |
| 5 | Gaffiero, ClaudeBrigadier Claude M. Gaffiero | December 1993 | December 1996 | 3 years |
| 6 | Montanaro, RupertBrigadier Rupert C. Montanaro | December 1996 | 28 February 2004 | 7 years, 2 months |
| 7 | Vassallo, CarmelBrigadier Carmel Vassallo (born 1954) | 1 March 2004 | 16 January 2010 | 5 years, 321 days |
| 8 | Xuereb, MartinBrigadier Martin Xuereb (born 1968) | 16 January 2010 | 20 December 2013 | 3 years, 338 days |
| 9 | Curmi, JeffreyBrigadier Jeffrey Curmi (born 1975) | 20 December 2013 | June 2022 | 8 years, 5 months |
| 10 | O'Neill, Clinton J.Brigadier Clinton J. O'Neill | June 2022 | Incumbent | 2 years, 188 days |
# Bernard Dombrowski

Bernard J. Dombrowski (May 11, 1929 – November 11, 1995) was a Democratic member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for Erie County's first district.
Dombrowski was born in the city of Erie, Erie County, on May 11, 1929. He attended the Technical Memorial High School before becoming a sergeant in the United States Air Force (1950-1953). He fought in the Korean War. Before entering politics, he worked at General Electric and the American Sterilizer Company.
He was first elected as a Democrat to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1971, then serving 9 consecutive terms. While a legislator, he was elected Majority Caucus Administrator (1983-1990). Bernard Dombrowski was also appointed to the Legislative Budget and Finance Committee (1977-1980), and the Joint Legislative Air and Water Pollution Control and Conservation Committee (1981-1982, 1985–1990). Although he did not seek reelection to the House in 1990, he was a gubernatorial appointee for the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission (1993-1995).
He died on November 11, 1995, in the city of Erie, and was interred at Calvary Cemetery, city of Erie, Erie County, Pennsylvania.
# Shrapnel (DC Comics)

Shrapnel (Mark Scheffer) is a supervillain appearing in media published by DC Comics, primarily as an enemy of the Outsiders and the Doom Patrol.
Shrapnel has appeared in Batman: The Brave and the Bold and the second season of Arrow, voiced by Greg Ellis in the former and portrayed by Sean Maher in the latter.

## Publication history

Shrapnel first appeared in Doom Patrol vol. 2, #7 and was created by Paul Kupperberg and Erik Larsen.

## Fictional character biography

Little about Shrapnel's past and identity is known, although it is known that his name is Mark Scheffer and that he has an ex-wife and two daughters. After becoming a metallic metahuman, Scheffer battles the Doom Patrol on multiple occasions.
Shrapnel later joins the Secret Society of Super Villains and the Cyborg Revenge Squad. He is among the villains exiled to another planet in Salvation Run, and appears in the crossover storyline JLA/Avengers as one of several villains who attack the Vision and Aquaman in Metropolis.

## Powers and abilities

Shrapnel possesses organic metal skin that gives him superhuman strength and durability. The scales that compose his body can be projected as explosive bursts and remotely controlled.

## In other media

* Shrapnel appears in the Batman: The Brave and the Bold episode "When OMAC Attacks!", voiced by Greg Ellis. This version is General Kafka, a Russian war criminal who claims to have hailed from a poor village that was razed during an unspecified conflict, which doomed the survivors to poverty and famine, and seeks revenge for this. Equinox manipulates him into fighting OMAC and attempting to cause a meltdown in New York City, during which Kafka is transformed into an organic metal being with the ability to absorb kinetic energy to empower himself amidst a lab accident. With Batman's help, OMAC defeats Shrapnel by tricking him into tiring himself out.
* Mark "Shrapnel" Scheffer appears in Arrow, portrayed by Sean Maher. Introduced in the episode "Blast Radius", this version is a non-metahuman anti-government serial bomber and member of a terrorist militia group. After bombing two government buildings in Starling City, Scheffer targets Sebastian Blood's Unity Rally, but is thwarted and captured by the Arrow. In the episode "Suicide Squad", Scheffer reluctantly joins the titular team before Amanda Waller kills him for attempting to escape.
* Shrapnel appears as a character summon in Scribblenauts Unmasked: A DC Comics Adventure.
# Y Flyer

The Y Flyer is an American sailing dinghy that was designed by Alvin Youngquist in 1938 as a one-design racer and first built in 1941.

## Production

The boat design was first shown in The Rudder magazine in 1938, as plans for amateur construction. Homebuilding of the boat from spruce and plywood continued after fiberglass boats were commercially available.
The design was built by Jack A. Helms Co., Jibetech and more recently, by Turner Marine in the United States, but it is now out of production.
George Hinterhoeller was establishing his boat building enterprise Hinterhoeller Limited in 1956, in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada. He built 40 Y-Flyers as his first production boat, "before the market dried up".

## Design

The Y Flyer is a recreational sailboat, initially built predominantly of wood, later versions were constructed of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a flexible fractional sloop rig with wooden or aluminum spars and a rotating mast. The hull is a scow design, with a flat bottom, a reverse sheer and a hard hull chine. The hull features a vertical transom, a transom-hung rudder controlled by a tiller and a retractable steel or aluminum centerboard. It displaces 500 lb (227 kg).
The boat has a draft of 4.00 ft (1.22 m) with the centerboard extended and 6 in (15 cm) with it retracted, allowing beaching or ground transportation on a trailer.
For sailing the boat has a mainsheet traveler. It may also be optionally equipped with built-in suction bailers, barber haulers, transom flaps and hiking straps. The class rules in the United States prohibit spinnakers, but these are used for racing in Canada.
The design has a Portsmouth Yardstick racing average handicap of 88.1 and is normally raced with a crew of two sailors.

## Operational history

The design is a supported by an active class club, the Y-Flyer Yacht Racing Association, that organizes races and regulates the boat design.
By 1994 there were Canadian fleets in Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec. American fleets were located in Indiana, Illinois, Ohio, Missouri, Georgia and South Carolina. There were also fleets in the US northeast and on the Pacific coast.
In a 1994 review Richard Sherwood wrote, "The Y Flyer has a hard chine and flat bottom and is unusually stable. A slight heel reduces wetted surface dramatically, however, as may be seen from the [Portsmouth] rating."
# Marinkovci

Marinkovci (Serbian Cyrillic: Маринковци) is a village in the municipality of Bosansko Grahovo, Canton 10 of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 53, all Serbs.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Ethnicity/National Affiliation, Religion and Mother Tongue 2019, pp. 500–501.
# Shyroke Raion

Shyroke Raion (Ukrainian: Широківський район) was a raion (district) of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, southeastern-central Ukraine. Its administrative centre was located at the urban-type settlement of Shyroke. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to seven. The area of Shyroke Raion was merged into Kryvyi Rih Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was 25,696 (2020 est.).
At the time of disestablishment, the raion consisted of four hromadas:
* Hrechani Pody rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Hrechani Pody;
* Karpivka rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Karpivka;
* Novolativka rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Novolativka;
* Shyroke settlement hromada with the administration in Shyroke.
# Licentiate of the Medical Council of Hong Kong

Licentiate of the Medical Council of Hong Kong (LMCHK) is a medical license issued by the Medical Council of Hong Kong to doctors that have graduated from medical schools outside of Hong Kong and have met the requirements for such licensure in Hong Kong. The Medical Council of Hong Kong requires that these non-locally graduated doctors display the LMCHK qualification as a post-nominal title first, before listing any other quotable qualifications, such as MD or MBBS. The LMCHK are represented by the Licentiate Society, an independent, non-profit organization.

## History

Prior to the 1997 handover, graduates of non-Commonwealth jurisdictions had to obtain the LMCHK medical license before being eligible to practice medicine in Hong Kong. During this Colonial era, doctors of Commonwealth countries were automatically granted registration by the MCHK without taking an examination or undergoing a internship or other period of assessment. A few hundred of the Colonial doctors remain in practice in Hong Kong today. Since 1997, all non-locally trained doctors have to obtain the LMCHK medical license from the MCHK. Consequently, the countries of origin of the LMCHK doctors have changed dramatically in the last 20 years; the group is now much more diverse.

## Aims

A key facet of the attaining the LMCHK is passing the Hong Kong Medical Licensing Examination (HKMLE). According to the Medical Registration Ordinance, the purpose of passing the HKMLE shows the achievement of a standard acceptable for registration as a medical practitioner in Hong Kong.

## Process

The process involves assessment of the doctors’ medical education and professional knowledge, and have been found to be consistent with the high standards established and demanded by the Medical Council of Hong Kong. To be awarded the LMCHK designation, the doctors must pass the rigorous HKMLE and undergo a period of assessment.
To start the process of attaining LMCHK from the Medical Council of Hong Kong, doctors must apply after having fulfilled at least 5 years of non-local medical training, including having graduated from an accredited medical school outside of Hong Kong and completed an internship in a hospital.
Once attained, the LMCHK designation allows holders of the qualification to register as medical practitioners in Hong Kong. LMCHK doctors must thus be both licensed and registered to practice medicine in Hong Kong. In contrast, graduates of HKU and CUHK are eligible to directly register as medical practitioners in Hong Kong after internship by virtue of their local medical school degree without having to first seek a medical license.

## Society

The rigorous requirements for LMCHK doctors and their increasing numbers has fostered a camaraderie among them. In 2017, the LMCHK doctors founded a non-profit, professional association called The Medical Licentiate Society of Hong Kong (Licentiate Society) to represent them and to meet their group's professional needs.
# Thomas Kalman

Thomas J. Kalman (December 21, 1917 – June 9, 2012) was a member of the Pennsylvania State Senate, serving from 1957 to 1970.