OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bello Hayatu Gwarzo

Bello Hayatu Gwarzo (born 14 April 1960) is a Nigerian politician who was a member of the Nigerian Senate from 1999 to 2015. He was the Senate Chief Whip from 2011 to 2015.

## Background

Bello Hayatu Gwarzo was born in Gwarzo town, Kano State from the royal family of Hakimin Gwarzo, Sarkin Dawaki Maituta Abubakar on 14 April 1960. He has a National Diploma (Statistics) and is a banker by occupation.

## Political career

Bello Hayatu Gwarzo was elected as senator in the 4th (1999–2003) and 5th (2003–2007) National Assemblies, representing Kano North Senatorial District. In April 2007 he ran again but was defeated by Aminu Sule Garo of the All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP). In December of that year, Garo's election was annulled on the grounds that he had faked his educational qualifications and Hayatu took his place. Senator Gwarzo was made Chairman of Senate Committees on Labour, FCT and member of senate committees on Police Affairs, Millennium Development Goals and Appropriation.
At the Kano PDP congress in August 2009, Senator Gwarzo showed his support for the ex-governor Rabiu Kwankwaso, whose slate won complete control of the state party in a context against nominees of ex-governor Abubakar Rimi.
Gwarzo again ran for reelection as Senator for Kano North on the PDP platform in April 2011, and was again elected, winning 204,905 votes. He was later elected as the Chief Whip of the Senate from 2011 to 2015. Gwarzo again ran for reelection as Senator for Kano Noth on PDP platform in March, 2015 and was defeated by Barau Jibrinof the All people Congress.
# Arak University

Arak University is a public research university which is the oldest state university of Markazi province. The university has been founded in 1971 in Arak as The College of Marjan (مدرسه عالی مرجان) with partnership of the University of Tehran and Tehran Tarbiat Moallem University. In 1989 the college attained university status. The university currently offers degrees in seven faculties in 135 fields for both undergraduate and graduate students.
Arak University is the largest state university of the Markazi province and more than 7,500 students are enrolled in its bachelor, master and PhD programs and more than 300 full-time professors are working in 8 faculties of the university.

## Colleges

1- College of Science
- Department of Biology - Department of Mathematics
- Department of Chemistry
- Department of Physics
2- College of Engineering - Department of Chemical Engineering - Department of Mechanical Engineering - Department of Industrial Engineering - Department of Materials Science and Engineering - Department of Computer Engineering - Department of Civil Engineering - Department of Electrical Engineering 3- College of Human Science - Department of Theology and Islamic Studies
- Department of Educational Science - Department of History
- Department of Psychology 4- College of Agriculture and Environment - Department of Agricultural Machinery - Department of Water Science and Engineering - Department of Animal Science - Department of Environmental Science
- Department of Horticultural Science - Department of Medicinal Plants 5- College of Sport Sciences
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences
6- College of Literature and Foreign Languages - Department of Persian Language & Literature - Department of Arabic Language & Literature - Department of English Language & Literature
7- College of Art
- Department of Graphics
- Department of Drawing
- Department of Carpet - Department of Handicrafts
8- College of Economy and Administrative Sciences - Department of Economy - Department of Political Science
- Department of Industrial Management
- Department of Law
# Louis Cools-Lartigue

Sir Louis Cools-Lartigue, OBE (18 January 1905 – 21 August 1993) was a Dominican politician.

## Biography

Until 1955, Cools-Lartigue was the Chief Secretary of the Windward Islands, when on 9 May, he was issued a Commission by George F. Holsten appointing him to the position of Governor's Deputy.
From November 1967 to 3 November 1978, Cools-Lartigue was the last Governor of Dominica. He was then elected Interim President and served as such from 3 November 1978 to 19 January 1979, until Fred Degazon was elected President of Dominica. During a constitutional crisis stirred by the desire for democratic socialist reforms, Degazon fled to England on 10 June 1979 and Cools-Lartigue was elected by the House of Assembly as his interim replacement on 15 June 1979. Cools-Lartigue resigned as President either the following day under family pressure, or due to rioters attacking his house on 17 June 1979. He was replaced as President of Dominica by Jenner Armour.
# Fishing Range

The Fishing Range is a subrange of the Swannell Ranges of the Omineca Mountains, located on the east side of Fishing Lakes and on the upper Finlay River in northern British Columbia, Canada.
# Stockton Brook railway station

Stockton Brook railway station is a disused railway station in Staffordshire.

## History

The Stoke–Leek line was opened by the North Staffordshire Railway (NSR) in 1867 but it was not until 1896 that a station to serve the village of Stockton Brook was built. Situated on the single-track section of the line between Milton Junction (where the line diverged from the Biddulph Valley line) and Endon, the station had only a single platform situated in a shallow cutting. The station buildings were at street level. During the LMS period the station was known as Stockton Brook for Brown Edge.
Passenger services over the line were withdrawn in 1956 and the station closed. The station buildings remain in existence and are now a shop. The line through the station continued in use until 1988 for freight services and since then the line has officially been out of use but not closed.

## Route

| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Milton Line disused, station closed | North Staffordshire Railway Stoke–Leek line | Endon Line disused, station closed |

## Stationmasters

Below is a list of stationmasters for Stockton Brook Railway Station.
* Mr Hudson (1918)
# Bill Garrard

Bill Garrard (May 10, 1940 – November 28, 2022) was a Republican politician who served as state representative for District 56 of the Oregon House of Representatives from 2001 to 2013. His district represents the voters in southern Klamath County, including Klamath Falls.

## Electoral history

2004 Oregon State Representative, 56th district :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Bill Garrard (incumbent) | 17,796 | 62.72 |
| | Democratic | James Calvert | 9,154 | 32.26 |
| | | write-ins | 82 | 0.29 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 27,032 | 100% |
2006 Oregon State Representative, 56th district :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Republican | Bill Garrard (incumbent) | 13,759 | 66.60 | +3.88 |
| | Democratic | James Calvert | 6,855 | 33.18 | +0.92 |
| | | write-ins | 46 | 0.22 | −0.07 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 20,660 | 100% |
2008 Oregon State Representative, 56th district :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Republican | Bill Garrard (incumbent) | 18,653 | 97.27 | +30.67 |
| | | write-ins | 523 | 2.73 | +2.51 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 19,176 | 100% |
2010 Oregon State Representative, 56th district :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Republican | Bill Garrard | 15,402 | 96.7 | −0.57% |
| | Write-in | Write-in | 522 | 3.3 | +0.57% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 15,924 | 100% |
# "Uncle Tom's Cabin" Contrasted with Buckingham Hall, the Planter's Home

"Uncle Tom's Cabin" Contrasted with Buckingham Hall, the Planter's Home is an 1852 novel by Robert Criswell, combining elements of Anti-Tom literature and romantic fiction.

## Overview

The novel is one of several written in response to Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe, which had been criticised by writers from both North and South for its allegedly exaggerated and/or inaccurate depiction of slavery.
However, despite being written initially as a response to Stowe, Criswell's novel is a romance novel depicting love between a northern woman and a southern plantation owner. Slavery is largely ignored for most of the novel, save only for a brief discussion of Uncle Tom's Cabin in Chapter 12.

## Plot

The novel follows Eugene Buckingham, the only son of a South Carolina planter, as he crosses paths with Julia Tennyson, a Scottish American journalist who has written a number of pamphlets under various pseudonyms. What begins as mutual friendship eventually evolves into love, despite the anxieties of the opposing fathers. Col. Buckingham – Eugene's father and a (fictional) descendant of the Duke of Buckingham – contests the partnership on the grounds that Julia has written pamphlets degrading all planters as vicious sadists, even though he is not. Likewise Dr. Tennyson – Julia's father and a Scotsman – objects because he supports the view of all planters as violent and cruel.
The Tennysons eventually make their way to South Carolina from New York, and after several philosophical discussions regarding American slavery, Eugene and Julia are allowed to marry. The story ends as the newlyweds embark on a ship to England for their honeymoon.

## Publication

The novel was first published in 1852 in hardback form by D. Fanshaw of New York City. It has been recently reprinted by Kessinger Publishing.
# N Choe

The N-Choe is a seasonal stream (the word "choe" means stream in Punjabi) that originates in Chandigarh, India and runs across the Leisure Valley to Kajheri, Mohali (now known as Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar) Punjab, India, and later merges into the Ghaggar River. The stream runs across Leisure Valley and the PCA Cricket Stadium. It is one of the seasonal rivulets in Chandigarh, which include Sukhna Choe in the East and Patiala Ki Rao in the West. The Choe Nala originates at sector 29 in Chandigarh, Punjab.
It is known as Ataawa choe among locals.

## Route
### Chandigarh

The N-choe originates near the Punjab Civil Secretariat in Sector 1, Chandigarh. It then flows through Bougainvillea Park in Sector 3, Leisure Valley Park in Sector 10, Rose Garden and Shanti Kunj Garden in Sector 16. Finally, it passes through Sectors 23, 36, 42, and 53, before reaching its confluence point near village Kajheri in Sector 52 and Burail Jail in Sector 51

### Mohali

From sector 51 in Chandigarh, N Choe enters Mohali and goes through the sectors 62, 63 Phase 9, 67, 81 and reaches the Chilla Manauli village. The stream then flows towards Patiala district and enters the Ghaggar river in Haryana.

## Pollution

On 31 July 2010, Punjab Pollution Control Board reported that effluents discharged in N-Choe from Chandigarh were beyond the permissible limit. The analysis revealed that pollution levels such as BOD-150 mg/1 and COD 320 mg/1 were found to be more than the permissible limit of 30 mg/1 and 250 mg/1, respectively. Mohali residents complained that the N-choe was not properly protected and that sewage was found in the water.
# Robert Farris-Olsen

Robert "Rob" Farris-Olsen is an American attorney and politician who served as a member of the Montana House of Representatives from the 79th district. Elected in 2018, he remained in office from January 7, 2019 to January 2, 2023.

## Early life and education

Farris-Olsen was born and raised in Helena, Montana and graduated from Helena High School. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in environmental studies from Whitman College and a Juris Doctor from the Alexander Blewett III School of Law at the University of Montana.

## Career

Farris-Olsen completed a clerkship program with Judge Mike Wheat of the Montana Supreme Court. He then entered private practice, and has specialized in consumer protection law. In 2015, he was elected to the Helena City Commission. In 2018, he was elected to the Montana House of Representatives, representing the 79th district.
# St Mary's Church, Hambleton

St Mary's Church is the parish church of Hambleton, a village in North Yorkshire, in England.
A chantry chapel dedicated to Our Lady was constructed in Hambleton in about 1307, and was last recorded in 1536. Its site is now lost. The village was long in the parish of St Wilfrid's Church, Brayton. In 1882, a chapel of ease was constructed in Hambleton. It was designed by John Loughborough Pearson in the Decorated Gothic style, at a cost of £2,012 1s 9d. It could seat 214 worshippers. An organ was installed in 1885. In 1915, the church was given its own parish, and in 1949 some pews were removed to create a chapel and vestry. The church was grade II listed in 2021.
The church is built of red brick with stone dressings and a red tile roof. It consists of a nave with flanking aisles, a southwest porch, and a chancel with a north vestry. On the west gable is a timber-framed bellcote, on each side of which are three quatrefoil bell openings, and it has a pyramidal shingled roof with a metal cross. Inside, there are pine pews, and a font brought from St Wilfrid, with a cover which came from St Michael's Church, Cottingley. Several windows contained stained glass, including a memorial window of 1920 by Christopher Whall. In the chancel is an oak frieze carved by George Walker Milburn.
# Challenger Mountains

The Challenger Mountains are a mountain range on Ellesmere Island in Nunavut, Canada. The range is the most northern range in the world and of the Arctic Cordillera. The highest mountain in the range is Commonwealth Mountain 2,225 m (7,300 ft). The United States Range is immediately to the east of the Challenger Mountains.
The range lies within Quttinirpaaq National Park, the second most northerly park in the world after Northeast Greenland National Park in Greenland.
Low elevation lakes located along Taconite Inlet are part of the Challenger Mountains and local relief exceeds 1,250 m (4,101 ft).
# Christa Riffel

Christa Riffel (born 30 July 1998) is a German racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Women's Continental Team Team Coop–Repsol. She rode in the women's road race event at the 2018 UCI Road World Championships.
# Jazina

Jazina (Serbian Cyrillic: Јазина) is a village in the municipality of Trebinje, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
# H. Jack Seltzer

H. Jack Seltzer (August 12, 1922 – February 28, 2011) was a Speaker of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives and owner of Seltzer's Lebanon Bologna Company. Seltzer was first elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1957. He was the first Speaker of the Pennsylvania House from Lebanon County. He died on February 28, 2011, at the age of 88.

## Formative years and family

Harvey Jack Seltzer was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on August 12, 1922. He grew up in Harrisburg and Palmyra.
He attended high school at Mercersburg Academy before enlisting in the United States Navy, serving as a petty officer first class in the Pacific during World War II.
He met his wife, Geneva Shepherd, while stationed in Jacksonville, Florida. They married in 1945, and moved to Palmyra after the war. He and his wife were married for sixty-five years, and had four children: Michael Jack Seltzer, who died in 1983, Craig Harvey Seltzer, who married Donna Curanzy, Pamela Shepherd, and Patricia Wagoner, who married Rolf Wagoner. Seltzer and his wife also had four grandchildren: Owen Michael Seltzer, Noah Michael Wagoner, Peter Austin Wagoner, and Geneva Esther Wagoner.

## Business and legislative career

After the war, Seltzer reopened the family business, Seltzer's Lebanon Bologna Company, which had been started by his father in 1902.
He was elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1957, and served twenty-four years, the last two years as Speaker of the House. He liked to say that he had the same job as Benjamin Franklin, who also served as Speaker of the House of Representatives in Pennsylvania.

## Later years

After his retirement, the Seltzers moved to Scottsdale, Arizona and also spent six months traveling around the world. He enjoyed tennis, sailing, bridge, and curling.

## Death and interment

Seltzer died on February 28, 2011, in Scottsdale, Arizona, surrounded by his family.
# Sylvester Ayodele Arise

Sylvester Ayodele AriseListen is a Nigerian senator who represents the People's Democratic Party (PDP) in Ekiti State. He became a member of the Nigerian Senate in 2007.

## Background

Ayodele Arise was born on 5 October 1956. His father was a judge. He was Assistant General Secretary of the Students Union at Ibadan Polytechnic (1976–1977). He obtained an M.Sc Urban & Regional Planning from Alabama A&M University, Normal, Alabama USA in 1984. and is an A+ Certified Computer Engineer, Microsoft Certified Professional.
After teaching mathematics and then working as a town planner, he entered into business in 1981 buying and selling video players and tapes in Nigeria. In the United States, he established a Computer Training Institute. In 2000 he launched Cards Technology Limited, a company that built the first Third Party Processing Facility in sub-

## Senate career

Ayodele Arise was elected to the National Senate for the Ekiti North constituency in 2007 and was appointed as the Chairman Senate Committee on Privatization and member of other committees including Local and Foreign Debts, Water, Banking, Insurance & Other Financial Institutions.
In July 2009 a court upheld the verdict of the Ekiti State Election Petitions Tribunal, which voided Arise's election after a petition had been filed by the Action Congress candidate, Mr. Olubunmi Adetunmbi, who alleged substantial non-compliance with the Electoral Act 2006.
# Mack Shirley

Mack G. Shirley (born July 24, 1933 in Rexburg, Idaho) was a Republican Idaho State Representative from 2002-2012 representing District 34 in the A seat.

## Education and career

Shirley graduated from Sugar-Salem High School in 1951 and earned his bachelor's degree in sociology from Ricks College in 1955. Shirley earned his master's degree in education administration from the University of Utah in 1957. He served in the United States Army Reserve.
From 1957-1963, Shirley was a teacher and then a principal in the Sugar-Salem School District. He returned to the University of Utah and completed his Ph.D. in higher education administration there in 1972. He then was a faculty member, dean of students, and vice president of Ricks College until his retirement in 2000.

## Elections

District 34 House Seat A - Madison County and part of Fremont County :
| Year | Candidate | Votes | Pct | Candidate | Votes | Pct | Candidate | Votes | Pct | Candidate | Votes | Pct | Candidate | Votes | Pct |
| 2002 Primary | Mack Shirley | 2,210 | 38.8% | Diana Richman | 1,133 | 19.9% | Lynn Loosli | 964 | 16.9% | Rex Rammell | 835 | 14.6% | Max Mortensen (inc.) | 559 | 9.8% |
| 2002 General | Mack Shirley | 9,697 | 100% | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2004 Primary | Mack Shirley (inc.) | 5,064 | 64.3% | Rex Rammell | 2,814 | 35.7% | | | | | | | | | |
| 2004 General | Mack Shirley (inc.) | 14,567 | 91.1% | Timothy Raty | 1,419 | 8.9% | | | | | | | | | |
| 2006 Primary | Mack Shirley (inc,) | 5,085 | 100% | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2006 General | Mack Shirley (inc.) | 10,815 | 100% | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2008 Primary | Mack Shirley (inc.) | 6,196 | 100% | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2008 General | Mack Shirley (inc.) | 14,732 | 84.1% | Dan Roberts | 2,777 | 15.9% | | | | | | | | | |
| 2010 Primary | Mack Shirley (inc.) | 4,572 | 63.7% | Dan Roberts | 2,610 | 36.3% | | | | | | | | | |
| 2010 General | Mack Shirley (inc.) | 10,082 | 100% | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Aluminium gallium antimonide

Aluminium gallium antimonide, also known as gallium aluminium antimonide or AlGaSb (Al$_x$Ga$_{1-x}$Sb), is a ternary III-V semiconductor compound. It can be considered as an alloy between aluminium antimonide and gallium antimonide. The alloy can contain any ratio between aluminium and gallium. AlGaSb refers generally to any composition of the alloy.

## Preparation

AlGaSb films have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy, chemical beam epitaxy and liquid phase epitaxy on gallium arsenide and gallium antimonide substrates. The result is a layered heterostructure on various III-V compounds.

## Electronic properties

The bandgap and lattice constant of AlGaSb alloys are between those of pure AlSb (a = 0.614 nm, E$_g$ = 1.62 eV) and GaSb (a = 0.610 nm, E$_g$ = 0.73 eV). At an intermediate composition, the bandgap transitions from an indirect gap, like that of pure AlSb, to a direct gap, like that of pure GaSb. Different values of the composition at which this transition occurs have been reported over time, both from computational and experimental studies, with reported values ranging from x = 0.23 to x = 0.43. The spread in the reported values of the transition is mainly due to the closeness of the gap sizes at the Γ and L points in the Brillouin zone and variations in the experimentally-determined gap sizes.

## Applications

AlGaSb has been incorporated into devices such as heterojunction bipolar and high-electron-mobility transistors, resonant-tunneling diodes, solar cells, short-wave infrared lasers, and a novel infrared light modulator. It is sometimes selected as an interlayer or buffer layer in studies of GaSb and InAs quantum wells.
Al-rich AlGaSb is sometimes selected over AlSb in heterostructures for being more chemically stable and resistant to oxidation than pure AlSb.
# Bournemouth Corporation Tramways

Bournemouth Corporation Tramways served the town of Bournemouth in Dorset (although at the time it was in Hampshire) from 23 July 1902 until 8 April 1936.

## History

In June 1905 the company took a lease on the Poole and District Electric Tramways and a connection was made to this system for through running.
On 1 May 1908, a tram derailed in Bournemouth Town Centre, killing 7 and injuring 26.
Until May 1911, part of the system was equipped with conduit current collection to avoid unsightly overhead wiring on the central section of the tramway. From May 1911, overhead wiring was introduced.

## Infrastructure

The system extended to the suburb of Winton to the north and to the adjacent towns of Poole to the west and Christchurch to the east.
Routes were centred on The Square at SZ 0857 9119. The major lines were:
* heading east along Old Christchurch Road, Christchurch Road, Seabourne Road, Belle Vue Road, Foxholes Road, Belle Vue Road, Stour Road, Bargates then High Street (Christchurch) to a terminus at Christchurch Castle at SZ 1591 9267.
* heading west along Commercial Road, Poole Road, Ashley Road, North Road, Parkstone Road then Longfleet Road to a terminus at Poole railway station at SZ 0132 9105.
* heading north along Richmond Hill then Wimborne Road to a terminus at its junction with Redhill Crescent at SZ 0899 9513.
There were four depots:
* depot with workshops and generating station off Southcote Road at SZ 1041 9198.
* depot off Christchurch Road near Pokesdown railway station at SZ 1242 9234.
* depot off Ashley Road, Poole at SZ 0435 9208.
* depot off Wimborne Rd, Moordown at SZ 0898 9507.

## Tramcars

The fleet, in a livery of maroon and yellow, consisted of:
* 151 double deck tramcars.
* 1 single deck tramcar.

## Closure

The tramway system began its closure in 1929 when motorbuses of Hants and Dorset Motor Services were introduced as a tram replacement on the Lower Parkstone route. In 1933 Bournemouth Corporation began to open trolleybus routes, and in 1936 the remaining tram routes were converted to operation by the trolleybuses of Bournemouth Corporation.

## Preserved tramcars

Bournemouth tram number 85 is now preserved and on static display at the National Tramway Museum, before its transfer it was displayed at the Museum of Electricity in Christchurch.
The body of car 106 was discovered on a Dorset farm, and eventually presented to Seaton Tramway in 1974. Due to the narrow gauge at Seaton of 2 ft 9 in (840 mm), the body was narrowed and rebuilt as an enclosed single deck saloon. It was launched into service in 1992, bearing the fleet number 16 and a livery closely resembling that of the Bournemouth system.