OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mario Umana

Mario Umana (May 5, 1914 – April 27, 2005) was an American politician and judge.

## Career

A native of Boston and of Italian descent, Umana graduated from East Boston High School in 1932, the same year as Adio diBiccari. Umana then went to Harvard University and graduated from both their College in 1936 and Law School in 1941. He practiced law in Boston, and also joined the United States Army Air Forces during World War II.
Umana began his political career by serving in the Massachusetts House of Representatives as a Democrat from 1949 to 1952. He was then elected to the Massachusetts Senate for the 2nd Suffolk District from 1953 to 1958, and then from 1961 to 1973, which included tenures as the Majority Whip and Majority Leader. Umana as succeeded by Michael LoPresti Jr.
In 1964, Umana unsuccessfully ran in the 1964 Massachusetts gubernatorial election.
Umana returned to law in 1973 by becoming a judge for the Boston Municipal Court until retirement in 1991.
The Mario Umana Academy in East Boston was named in his honor.
Umana died from pneumonia at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston in 2005.

## Personal life

Umana married Anne T. Nigro, with whom he resided in the Orient Heights area of East Boston. The couple had two daughters: Anne and Jeanne.
# RoseMary Womack

RoseMary Womack (born in 1942 in Cleveland, Ohio) is an American politician. She served as a Democratic member of the Nevada Assembly from 2006 to 2008 representing District 23, covering parts of Henderson).

## Background

Womack attended Cuyahoga Community College and College of Southern Nevada. She is a retired real estate agent and administrator of an assisted living facility.

## Elections

* 2006 Womack won the primary election with 2,154 votes (71.99%) against Larry M. Jeppesen. Womack won the general election with 5,863 votes (51.35%) against Republican nominee Steven Grierson.
# Dirk Scalongne

Dirk Scalongne (12 December 1879 – 1 April 1973) was a Dutch fencer. He won a bronze medal in the team sabre event at the 1912 Summer Olympics.
# Ambala Cantonment

Ambala Cantonment is a cantonment town in Ambala district in the state of Haryana, India. It is 200 km north of Delhi and 55 km southwest of Chandigarh. This cantonment was established in the year 1843 and is an important centre for manufacturing of scientific and surgical instruments.

## Demographics

Religions in Ambala Cantonment, 2011 Census data :
| Religion | Religion | Percent | Percent |
| Hinduism | Hinduism | 91.77% | 91.77% |
| Sikhism | Sikhism | 4.48% | 4.48% |
| Islam | Islam | 2.21% | 2.21% |
| Christianity | Christianity | 1.26% | 1.26% |
| Others | Others | 0.28% | 0.28% |
As of 2011 India census, Ambala Cantonment had a population of 55,370. Males constitute 61% of the population and females 39%. Ambala Cantonment has an average literacy rate of 91.24%, higher than the national average of 74%; with 95.07% of the males and 85.32% of females literate. 11.41% of the population is under 6 years of age.

## Economy

Scientific and surgical instruments are manufactured in Ambala Cantonment.

## Transport
### Railways

Ambala Cantonment Junction railway station is a major junction. Delhi-Kalka and Saharanpur-Ludhiana's railway lines pass through this junction

### By road

G.T. Road passes through Ambala Cantonment.

## Places of interest

* European Cemetery

## Education

Historic Colleges which were established before independence of India are also present. An example of that is Sanatan Dharma College on Ambala–Jagadhri Highway. Convent of Jesus and Mary is a girls' day-school in Ambala Cantonment.

## Gallery

* Ambala Cantonment Temple.
* Panjokhra sahib.
* St Paul's Church before being bombed by the Pakistani Air Force in the 1965 conflict.
* Ambala Cantonment railway station.
# Philip Perlman

Philip B. Perlman (March 5, 1890, Baltimore – July 31, 1960) was a Baltimore native, the son of Benjamin and Rose Nathan Perlman. Graduating from Baltimore City College secondary school in 1908, Perlman worked as a reporter for the Baltimore American while studying political economy at Johns Hopkins University. He studied law at the University of Maryland School of Law, being admitted to the bar one year prior to receiving a law degree in 1912. He began working for The Evening Sun in 1910, first as a court reporter, and then as City Editor from 1913–1917. It was probably at this time that he got to know H. L. Mencken.
Leaving newspaper work in 1917, Perlman began many years of public service, interspersed with private law practice. Initially he worked under then Attorney General of Maryland, Albert C. Ritchie, as an assistant in the State Law Department, then became Assistant Maryland Attorney General in 1918. With Ritchie's election to the Maryland governorship in 1919, he appointed Perlman Secretary of State. Legislation drafted by Perlman included the bill providing for women's voting. In the 1920s, Perlman was City Solicitor of Baltimore and established a private law practice; in the 1930s he served on a commission to revise city zoning laws and on the first Maryland Water Resources Commission; in the 1940s he advised Governor William Preston Lane, Jr. on issues such as the Chesapeake Bay Bridge construction and highway improvement. In Perlman's private law practice, he was noted for civil rights cases.
Moving to the level of national politics, Perlman became the first Jewish U.S. Solicitor General, serving from 1947–1952 under President Harry S. Truman, where he chaired Truman's Commission on Immigration and Naturalization, and was noted for helping to write the 1948 and 1960 platforms for the Democratic National Convention. At the time of his death, Perlman maintained a law practice with the firm Perlman, Lyons and Emmerglick in Washington, D.C., was president of the board of trustees of the Walters Art Gallery in Baltimore, and a member of the Maryland Historical Society. He was also a member of the National Press Club and the Associated Jewish Charities. A bachelor, he had a home on Park Heights Avenue in Baltimore, and a suite at the Shoreham Hotel in Washington, D.C.
# Compound of 5-cube and 5-orthoplex

5-cube 5-orthoplex compound :
| Type | Compound |
| Schläfli symbol | {4,3,3,3} ∪ {3,3,3,4} |
| Coxeter diagram | ∪ |
| Intersection | Birectified 5-cube |
| Convex hull | dual of rectified 5-orthoplex |
| 5-polytopes | 2: 1 5-cube 1 5-orthoplex |
| Polychora | 42: 10 tesseract 32 16-cell |
| Polyhedra | 120: 40 cubes 80 tetrahedra |
| Faces | 160: 80 squares 80 triangles |
| Edges | 120 (80+40) |
| Vertices | 42 (32+10) |
| Symmetry group | B$_5$, [4,3,3,3], order 3840 |
In 5-dimensional geometry, the 5-cube 5-orthoplex compound is a polytope compound composed of a regular 5-cube and dual regular 5-orthoplex. A compound polytope is a figure that is composed of several polytopes sharing a common center. The outer vertices of a compound can be connected to form a convex polytope called the convex hull. The compound is a facetting of the convex hull.
In 5-polytope compounds constructed as dual pairs, the hypercells and vertices swap positions and cells and edges swap positions. Because of this the number of hypercells and vertices are equal, as are cells and edges. Mid-edges of the 5-cube cross mid-cell in the 16-cell, and vice versa.
It can be seen as the 5-dimensional analogue of a compound of cube and octahedron.

## Construction

The 42 Cartesian coordinates of the vertices of the compound are.
    10: (±2, 0, 0, 0, 0), (0, ±2, 0, 0, 0), (0, 0, ±2, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0, ±2, 0), (0, 0, 0, 0, ±2)
    32: (±1, ±1, ±1, ±1, ±1)
The convex hull of the vertices makes the dual of rectified 5-orthoplex.
The intersection of the 5-cube and 5-orthoplex compound is the uniform birectified 5-cube: = ∩ .

## Images

The compound can be seen in projection as the union of the two polytope graphs. The convex hull as the dual of the rectified 5-orthoplex will have the same vertices, but different edges.
Polytopes in B5 Coxeter plane :
| 5-cube | 5-orthoplex | Compound | Birectified 5-orthoplex (Intersection) |
# Marquee player

A marquee player is an athlete who is considered exceptionally popular, skilled, or otherwise outstanding, especially in professional sports. Its name comes from theater marquees, on which the names of the stars of productions in said theater are often emblazoned in order to draw spectators. Several sports leagues have specific definitions and rules regarding the designation and treatment of marque players.
In the Liga 1 of the Football Association of Indonesia, each team is allowed to designate one marquee player.
In the A-League of the Football Federation Australia, each team is allowed to designate two marquee players whose salaries are exempted from the league's salary cap. Similarly, in English Premiership rugby marquee players are excluded from salary cap constraints.
The All India Football Federation requires each I-League team to feature one marquee player. The federation defines "marquee players" as foreign players who have represented their country in one of several international championships. Teams are also allowed to propose other skilled players for the designation. Marquee players were also used in the Indian Super League and are currently used in Caribbean Premier League, Mzansi Super League and Minor League Cricket.
In World TeamTennis, a marquee player is not required to play the entire season and is compensated on a per-match basis. Marquee players are drafted in a marquee draft prior to the roster draft.
# Lukwata

Lukwata (Luganda for 'sea serpent', the nominal form of kukwata, lit. 'to seize') is a legendary water-dwelling creature in Baganda folklore, said to be found in Lake Victoria of Uganda. It has been described as 20–30 feet long, with dark smooth skin and a rounded head, and known to attack fishermen and boats. It's stories and folklore may have also been related in some way to stories of spirits and deities surrounding canoes and fishing. Pieces of the Lukwata were thought to have magical properties and were revered as relics in eastern Africa.
Despite the nature of the legend, there is no scientific evidence to support the existence of Lukwata or any other similar creature in Lake Victoria. Despite this, the Lukwata remains an important part of the cultural and historical fabric of Uganda and the cultural identity of the Baganda people.

## History

British colonial administrator C. W. Hobley wrote, in 1913, that people living on both (east and west) sides of Lake Victoria told stories of the Lukwata. He also reported that the "Ja Luo" people told stories of it attacking fishing canoes, and described his own uncertainty as to whether the stories, if real, could have had their origins in large pythons or some unknown animal. Ideas that the Lukwata may actually represent an unknown animal persisted in other sources from the early to mid 20th century: it appeared in a 1937 article entitled "African Mystery Beasts", though more recent sources prefer to focus on the Lukwata and stories surrounding it as a cultural phenomenon
# Margo Morgan

Margo Morgan (29 December 1929 – November 2001) was a British gymnast. She competed in seven events at the 1952 Summer Olympics. Morgan died in Swansea in November 2001, at the age of 71.
# Benjamin Loring Young

Benjamin Loring Young (November 7, 1885 – June 4, 1964) of Weston, Massachusetts was a US lawyer and politician who served as the Speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1921 to 1924.
Born in Weston in 1885, Young graduated from Harvard College in 1907 and Harvard Law School in 1911. Following nine years of legal practice, Young retired from the law. In 1910, Young was elected a Selectman of the Town of Weston, Massachusetts, a position he held for thirty-six years. Young was elected as a Republican to the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1915, serving from 1916–24. Young served on the Ways and Means Committee in 1916, and as the chairman of the Recess Committee on State Finances in 1917. In 1928, Young ran unsuccessfully for US Senator. Young was on the Board of Parole and Advisory Board of Pardons for the State Prison and Massachusetts Reformatory from 1913 to 1915, and the chairman of the State Board of Probation from 1927–42, a US Referee in Bankruptcy from 1925–41, and a member of the Harvard Board of Overseers from 1922-28.
On June 26, 1933 Young was a delegate to, and the president of, the Massachusetts Convention that ratified the Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution.
Young married Mary Coolidge Hall in 1908; they divorced in 1935. They had four children: Barbara, Charlotte, Lorraine, and Benjamin Loring Jr. He died in Boston on June 4, 1964.
# Ozzie Fumo

Osvaldo E. Fumo (born July 27, 1965) is an American politician and former Democratic member of the Nevada Assembly. He represented the 21st district, which covers parts of the southern Las Vegas Valley. He is currently a candidate for District attorney of Clark County, Nevada.

## Biography

Fumo was born in Arlington, Virginia in 1965, the son of an Italian immigrant, and moved to Nevada in 1976. He graduated from Bishop Gorman High School in 1983 and from the University of San Diego in 1987. Fumo received his Juris Doctor from Whittier Law School in 1995, and practices law with the firm Pitaro & Fumo.
Fumo ran for the Assembly in 2016, prevailing in a three-candidate Democratic primary and defeating incumbent Derek Armstrong.
On November 3, 2020, Fumo unsuccessfully ran to become a justice on the Nevada Supreme Court.

## Personal life

Fumo and his wife, Ellen, have 5 children: Genevieve, Veronica, Gabriella, Scott, and Stephanie.

## Political positions

Fumo supports raising the minimum wage to at least $12.
He supports ending Capital punishment in Nevada, and ending the school-to-prison pipeline. He cites the disproportionate use against people of color and high fiscal impact of capital punishment as reasons for its abolition.

## Electoral history

Nevada Assembly District 21 Democratic primary, 2016 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Ozzie Fumo | 1,423 | 57.6% |
| | Democratic | Vinny Spotleson | 854 | 34.6% |
| | Democratic | Ben Nakhaima | 192 | 7.8% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 2,469 | 100.0% |
Nevada Assembly District 21 election, 2016 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Ozzie Fumo | 13,373 | 52.4% |
| | Republican | Derek Armstrong | 12,158 | 47.6% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 25,531 | 100.0% |
# Gò Công province

10°22′22.051″N 106°40′14.786″E﻿ / ﻿10.37279194°N 106.67077389°E﻿ / 10.37279194; 106.67077389Gò Công was a former province of the former South Vietnam from 1924 till 1976. It contained the town of Gò Công, now in Tiền Giang province of reunified Vietnam.

## History

The area of the Gò Công province was where Trương Định had attacked the French in 1861. The province was separated from Gia Định province by a river boundary.
# Johnny Butt

John William H. Butt (3 April 1878 – June 1931) was an English film actor of the silent era.
He was born in Bradford and died in North Bierley, West Yorkshire.

## Selected filmography

* The Chimes (1914)
* Far from the Madding Crowd (1915)
* The Grand Babylon Hotel (1916)
* The Man Behind 'The Times' (1917)
* The American Heiress (1917)
* Carrots (1917)
* The Diamond Necklace (1921)
* The Skipper's Wooing (1922)
* Sam's Boy (1922)
* A Will and a Way (1922)
* No. 7 Brick Row (1922)
* The Head of the Family (1922)
* The Monkey's Paw (1923)
* Lawyer Quince (1924)
* The Prehistoric Man (1924)
* Sen Yan's Devotion (1924)
* The Flying Fifty-Five (1924)
* The Gold Cure (1925)
* Nell Gwyn (1926)
* Second to None (1927)
* Passion Island (1927)
* Carry On (1927)
* The Hellcat (1928)
* The Last Post (1929)
* A Peep Behind the Scenes (1929)
* The Clue of the New Pin (1929)
* The Informer (1929)
# Crocodile (fairy tale)

"Crocodile" (Russian: Крокодил) is a 1916-1917 fairy tale poem for children by Korney Chukovsky about a crocodile strolling along the streets of Petrograd (the contemporary name of St. Petersburg, Russia).
It quickly became very popular, due to its utter nonsense, previously unseen in print, and skillful wordplay. Chukovsky himself said:
   I wrote twelve books and no one paid any attention to them. But as soon as I once wrote "Crocodile" as a joke, I became a famous writer. I'm afraid that the whole of Russia knows "Crocodile" by heart. I'm afraid that when I die, on my monument will have an inscription "Author of Crocodile"
In 1939 Yury Tynyanov wrote that "Crocodile" opened up a completely new avenue for the development of poetry for children, whose new sounds of "a quick verse, a change of meters, a rushing song, a chorus" were cancelling "the previous weak and motionless fairy tale of icicle candies, cotton snow, flowers on weak legs". Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature characterized "Crocodile", along with other Chukovsky's verse tales as follows, "clockwork rhythms and air of mischief and lightness in effect dispelled the plodding stodginess that had characterized pre-revolutionary children's poetry."
During the surge of the Soviet ideological censorship, known as Zhdanovshchina, Crocodile, was severely criticized along with other children's fantastic tales of Chukovsky in an ideological campaign known as "the struggle with Chukovshchina". "Crocodile" was accused of "propagating misconceptions about the animal world". It addition, the critics tried to find counter-revolutionary undertones in the poem. As Chukovsky wrote:
   Why is the hero of "Crocodile" called Vanya Vasilchikov? Is he not a relative of a Prince Vasilchikov, who, it seems, held a important post under Alexander II? And isn’t the Crocodile Denikin in disguise?

## English translations

"Crocodile" was translated into English in 1931 by Babette Deutsch in 1931 and by Richard Coe in 1964. The two authors gave substantially different renderings of the poem.
Russian original with line-by-line literal translation:
| Russian | English |
| Жил да был | There lived |
| Крокодил. | Crocodile. |
| Он по улицам ходил, | He walked along the streets, |
| Папиросы курил. | Smoked cigarettes |
| По-турецки говорил,- | Spoke in Turkish |
| Крокодил, Крокодил Крокодилович! | Krokodil, Krokodil Krokodilovich |
| Deutsch | Coe |
| Once a haughty crocodile | Once there was a crocodile |
| Left his home upon the Nile | Croc! Croc! Crocodile! |
| To go strolling off in style | A crocodile of taste and style |
| On the Ave-e-nue! | And elegant attire |
| He could smoke and he could speak | He strolled down Piccadilly |
| Turkish in a perfect streak | Singing carols in Swahili |
| And he did it once a week | Wearing spats he'd bought in Chile |
| This most haughty, green and warty | And a-puffing at a briar! |
| Very sporty | Crocodile! Crocodile! Croc! Croc! Croc! |
| Crocodile! | Alexander Crocodile, Esquire! |
# Jan Plantaz

Johannes "Jan" Marinus Plantaz (3 December 1930 – 10 February 1974) was a road and track cyclist from the Netherlands. He competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics in the road race (individual and team events) and 4 km team pursuit and finished in 22nd, 5th and 8th place, respectively. He won a bronze medal in the road race at the 1951 UCI Road World Championships.
He died from a heart attack during training.
# Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick leadership elections

This page lists the results of leadership elections held by the Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick or as it was known before March 3, 1943, the Conservative Party. Before 1925 leaders were chosen by the caucus.

## 1925 leadership convention

On May 27, 1925, John Babington Macaulay Baxter accepted an offer to lead the party in Saint John.

## Developments 1925-1937

Baxter resigned as premier on appointment to the bench in 1931 and was succeeded as premier by Charles Richards on May 18 of that year. Richards was in turn appointed to the bench in 1933 and was succeeded as premier by Leonard Tilley on June 2 of that year. Following Tilley's personal defeat in the 1935 general election which also saw the Conservatives swept from power he resigned and Frederick C. Squires was chosen House leader on September 10.

## 1937 leadership convention

(Held on October 27, 1937)
* Frederick C. Squires acclaimed
Squires resigned after the 1939 general election and Hugh H. Mackay was chosen House leader on January 20, 1940.

## 1942 leadership convention

(Held on September 23, 1942)
* Hugh H. Mackay acclaimed

## 1951 leadership convention

(Held on July 11, 1951)
* Hugh John Flemming acclaimed
Following his government's defeat in the 1960 general election Flemming was appointed to the federal cabinet and resigned as party leader. Cyril Sherwood was chosen House leader on November 5, 1960.
T. Babbitt Parlee was the only other contender.

## 1962 leadership convention

(Held on October 27, 1962)
* Cyril Sherwood acclaimed

## 1966 leadership convention

(Held on November 26, 1966)
* Charles Van Horne 458
* Richard Hatfield 135
* Roger Pichette 9
Van Horne was defeated in the 1967 election and resigned on February 8, 1968. Richard Hatfield was chosen House leader.

## 1969 leadership convention

(Held on June 14, 1969)
* Richard Hatfield 799
* Charles Van Horne 554
* Mathilda Blanchard 13
Joe McDougall and William T. Walker withdrew before balloting.

## 1989 leadership convention

(Held November 4, 1989)
* Barbara Baird Filliter 1,021
* Hazen Myers 348

## 1991 leadership convention

(Held June 15, 1991)
* Dennis Cochrane 955
* Bev Lawrence 116

## 1995 leadership convention

(Held May 13, 1995)
* Bernard Valcourt 944
* Scott MacGregor 416
* John Hazen 47

## 1997 leadership convention

(Held October 18, 1997)
First Ballot:
* Bernard Lord 1,390
* Norm Betts 1,223
* Cleveland Allaby 663
* Margaret-Ann Blaney 527
Second Ballot (Blaney eliminated, Allaby withdrew):
* Bernard Lord 1,830
* Norm Betts 1,413

## 2008 leadership convention

(Held on October 18, 2008)
* David Alward 2,269
* Robert MacLeod 1,760

## 2016 leadership convention

(Held on October 22, 2016)
First Ballot:
* Blaine Higgs 1,228
* Mel Norton 1,078
* Monica Barley 948
* Mike Allen 892
* Jake Stewart 700
* Brian McDonald 605
* Jean F. Dubé 39
(Stewart, McDonald and Dubé eliminated)
Second Ballot:
* Blaine Higgs 1,417
* Mel Norton 993
* Monica Barley 861
* Mike Allen 829
(Barley and Allen eliminated)
Third Ballot:
* Blaine Higgs 1,563
* Mel Norton 1,169