# Sanae Takaichi

Sanae Takaichi (高市 早苗, Takaichi Sanae, born 7 March 1961) is a Japanese politician who served as the Minister of State for Economic Security from 2022 to 2024. A member of the Liberal Democratic Party, she has served in the House of Representatives since 2005, and had also served in several ministerial posts under Prime Minister Shinzo Abe. In 2021, she was a candidate in the Liberal Democratic Party leadership election, but was ultimately eliminated prior to the runoff, placing third. Takaichi made her second run for the LDP leadership in 2024, where she came in first in the first round but narrowly lost in a runoff to Shigeru Ishiba.
Takaichi has been described as having a "political reputation as a staunch conservative" and as having been a close ally of former Prime Minister Abe.

## Early life

Born and raised in the city of Nara, Takaichi graduated from Unebi Senior High School, Kobe University, and the Matsushita Institute of Government and Management. In 1987, she moved to the United States to work for Democratic U.S. Representative Pat Schroeder as a Congressional Fellow. When she returned to Japan in 1989, she gained attention from the mass media as a legislative analyst with experience in the US Congress, and wrote books based on the experience. In 1992, she formed the Kansai Hi-Vision Consortium and presided as the first chairperson.

## Political career

Takaichi was first elected to the House of Representatives in the 1993 Japanese general election as an independent. In the following year she joined the minor "Liberals" party led by Koji Kakizawa, which soon merged into the New Frontier Party.
In 1996, Takaichi ran as a sanctioned candidate from the New Frontier Party and reelected to the House of Representatives (lower house). However, the New Frontier Party lost nationally. On November 5, she responded to recruitment from the Secretary-General of LDP Koichi Kato, and, then, joined the LDP. Her act of switching parties, two months after winning the election with anti-LDP votes, resulted in heavy criticism from New Frontier Party members.
In the LDP, Takaichi belonged to the Mori Faction (formally, the Seiwa Seisaku Kenkyū-kai) and she served as a Parliamentary Vice Minister for the Ministry of International Trade and Industry under Keizō Obuchi cabinet. She also served as chairman of the Education and Science Committee.
In the 2000 House of Representatives election she was placed in the first position on the LDP's proportional representation list and easily won her third term. In 2002 she was appointed as the Senior Vice Minister of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry under Junichiro Koizumi.
In the 2003 Japanese general election, she was defeated in the Nara 1st district by Democratic Party lawmaker Sumio Mabuchi. She moved to the nearby city of Ikoma and won a seat representing the Nara 2nd district in the 2005 Japanese general election. In 2004, while she was out of the Diet, she took an economics faculty position at Kinki University.
Takaichi headed an LDP group that opposed legislation that would allow married couples to retain separate surnames after marriage, arguing that it would undermine Japan's traditional family system. As communications chief she "stirred controversy when she suggested TV broadcasters could have their license revoked if they air programs the government considers politically biased, a remark widely slammed as tantamount to the repression of free speech".
She is affiliated with the ultranationalist organization Nippon Kaigi.

### First Abe government

Takaichi served as Minister of State for Okinawa and Northern Territories Affairs, Minister of State for Science and Technology Policy, Minister of State for Innovation, Minister of State for Youth Affairs and Gender Equality and Minister of State for Food Safety in the Japanese Cabinet of Prime Minister Shinzō Abe. In August 2007, she was the only Abe cabinet member to join former Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi in visiting Yasukuni Shrine on the anniversary of the end of World War II.

### Second Abe government

After the LDP's victory in the 2012 Japanese general election, Takaichi was appointed to head the party's Policy Research Council. In January 2013, she recommended that Abe issue an "Abe Statement" to replace the Murayama Statement that apologized for the damage inflicted by Japan through its colonial rule.
Takaichi was selected as Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications to replace Yoshitaka Shindō on September 3, 2014. After she was named as a cabinet minister, a photograph was published of her together with Kazunari Yamada, the leader of National Socialist Japanese Workers' Party – a small neo-Nazi party in Japan. She denied any link with Yamada and said she would not have accepted the picture had she known Yamada's background. She was also shown promoting a controversial book praising Adolf Hitler's electoral talents in 1994.
Takaichi was among the three members of the cabinet to visit the controversial Yasukuni Shrine in 2014, became the first sitting cabinet member to attend the shrine's autumn festival in 2016, and was one of four cabinet ministers who visited Yasukuni on the 75th anniversary of the end of World War II in August 2020.
In the December 2014 general election, she won an overwhelming 96,000-vote majority in her district, defeating the runner-up by 58,000 votes.
In February 2016, Takaichi commented that the government could suspend the operations of broadcasters that aired politically biased content. The U.S. State Department later described this as "[giving] rise to concerns about increasing government pressure against critical and independent media."
An electoral redistricting in 2017, which Takaichi oversaw as internal affairs minister, eliminated one of Nara Prefecture's districts and resulted in Takaichi again potentially facing off with her former rival Mabuchi.
Takaichi was replaced by Seiko Noda on August 3, 2017, but returned to the Internal Affairs and Communications post on September 11, 2019, replacing Masatoshi Ishida. Among other initiatives, she put pressure on NHK to cut its viewing fees and reform its governance, and oversaw the distribution of cash handouts during the COVID-19 pandemic.

### 2021 LDP leadership election

In August 2021, Takaichi expressed her willingness to challenge incumbent Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga for the presidency of the LDP in the scheduled election on September 29. On September 3, Suga announced that he would not seek re-election; news media outlets reported the next day that former Prime Minister Abe had shifted his support to Takaichi. Suga himself supported rival candidate Taro Kono. She has been described as "a favorite of conservatives with hawkish views on defense and diplomacy".

### Internal ministry document leak

On March 2, 2023, opposition upper house member Hiroyuki Konishi said that he had obtained a document from the former administration of Shinzō Abe suggesting intentions to intervene in the freedom of broadcasting by putting political pressure on broadcasters that were critical to the Abe government and to the Liberal Democratic Party. Takaichi was Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications during the time frame referenced in the document. When pressed during a committee session the following day, Takaichi said that the document was "fabricated" and vowed to resign from the Diet if the document was proven to be genuine. Several days later, on March 7, 2023, the Internal Affairs ministry confirmed the authenticity of the document in question, and opposition Diet members called on Takaichi to resign. Following the announcement Takaichi backpedaled on her intention to quit and insisted that parts of the document referencing her were incorrect, adding that Konishi should bear the burden of proving the document's authenticity.

## Political positions

Takaichi is a conservative. She has expressed social conservative views including opposition to same sex-marriage, and dual surnames after marriage, claiming it could "destroy the social structure based on family units".
In regards to the economy, she would continue Abenomics economic policies.
With regards to foreign policy, Takaichi supports revising article 9 of the Japanese constitution which prohibits Japan from entering armed conflict. A China-hawk, she has been critical of Chinese economic practices such as intellectual property theft and has supported less economic dependence on China.
In April and August 2024, she has visited the Yasukuni Shrine, both times signing as minister of state. Takaichi serves as the vice chairperson of parliamentary conference of the Shinto Association of Spiritual Leadership (Shinto Seiji Renmei), which advocates for restoration of Shinto religious rites and moral education.
Takaichi often cites Margaret Thatcher as a role model.

## Personal life

Takaichi married Taku Yamamoto, a fellow member of the House of Representatives, in 2004. The couple did not have any children of their own, but Takaichi adopted her husband's three children from a previous marriage. They agreed to a divorce in July 2017, with Takaichi citing differing political views and aspirations as the reason for the divorce. However, they rekindled their marriage in December 2021. She has four grandchildren through her stepchildren.
According to Shūkan Bunshun, Sanae changed her legal last name to her husband's during their first marriage, as Japanese law requires all married couples to have the same family name. However, Taku changed his to his wife's instead after they married again.

## Election history

| Election | Age | District | Political party | Number of votes | election results |
| 1992 Japanese House of Councillors election | 31 | Nara at-large district | Independent | 159,274 | lost |
| 1993 Japanese general election | 32 | Nara At-large | Independent | 131,345 | winning |
| 1996 Japanese general election | 35 | Nara 1st district | NFP | 60,507 | winning |
| 2000 Japanese general election | 39 | Kinki proportional representation block | LDP | ーー | winning |
| 2003 Japanese general election | 42 | Nara 1st district | LDP | 65,538 | lost |
| 2005 Japanese general election | 44 | Nara 2nd district | LDP | 92,096 | winning |
| 2009 Japanese general election | 48 | Nara 2nd district | LDP | 94,879 | elected by PR |
| 2012 Japanese general election | 51 | Nara 2nd district | LDP | 86,747 | winning |
| 2014 Japanese general election | 53 | Nara 2nd district | LDP | 96,218 | winning |
| 2017 Japanese general election | 56 | Nara 2nd district | LDP | 124,508 | winning |
| 2021 Japanese general election | 60 | Nara 2nd district | LDP | 141,858 | winning |
| 2024 Japanese general election | 63 | Nara 2nd district | LDP | 128,554 | winning |