OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pol Roger

50°31′54″N 1°37′23″W﻿ / ﻿50.5315859°N 1.6231613°W﻿ / 50.5315859; -1.6231613
Pol Roger is a producer of champagne. The brand is still owned and run by the descendants of Pol Roger. Located in the town of Épernay in the Champagne region, the house annually produces around 110,000 cases of Champagne.

## History

Pol Roger was born on 24 December 1831, the son of a lawyer. Beginning as a wholesaler of wine, he started his own champagne house in 1849, with the first growths released in 1853. He received an imperial and royal warrant for the Austro-Hungarian court.
The owners of Pol Roger are members of the Primum Familiae Vini. Pol Roger held the Royal Warrant as purveyors of champagne to Queen Elizabeth II.

## Champagnes

The house's prestige label is the vintage Cuvée Sir Winston Churchill. Churchill was oft to repeat Napoleon's maxim on champagne: "In victory, deserve it. In defeat, need it!" They also release three non-vintage cuvées, the Pure Brut (no added sugar), Brut Réserve and Rich (sweet), as well as three other vintage wines, the Brut Vintage, Blanc de blancs and Rosé Vintage.
Pol Roger Brut Vintage is typically a blend of 40% Chardonnay and 60% Pinot noir, although this can vary.

### Cuvée Sir Winston Churchill

Pol Roger had been the favourite champagne of Sir Winston Churchill since 1908, with Churchill even naming one of his racehorses "Pol Roger". After Churchill's death in 1965, Pol Roger placed a black border around the labels of Brut NV shipped to the United Kingdom. Madame Odette Pol-Roger (née Odette Wallace (1911-2000), a grand-daughter of the francophile art-collector Sir Richard Wallace, 1st Baronet), whom Churchill had befriended at a party at the British Embassy in Paris in 1944, attended his funeral nearly 21 years later. In 1987, when the trees on Churchill's country retreat, Chartwell, were devastated by the Great Storm, the Pol-Roger family paid for much of the replanting.
In 1984, Pol-Roger introduced the Pinot noir-dominant Cuvée Sir Winston Churchill. The first vintage of this cuvée (the one introduced in 1984) was the 1975, only released in magnum format. It has been followed by the 1979, 1982, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2012, 2013, and 2015 vintages. This cuvée is typically released around ten years after its vintage year, and its exact varietal composition is a very closely guarded secret.
Cuvée Sir Winston Churchill replaced the Pol Roger P.R. Reserve Speciale at the top of the range. Reserve Speciale was a 50% Chardonnay and 50% Pinot noir blend from 100% rated grand cru vineyards. First released with the 1971 vintage, it continued to be produced alongside Cuvee Sir Winston Churchill until the 1988 vintage, when its production was terminated as Pol Roger felt no need to have two competing prestige cuvees.
# Fritz Hartnagel

Friedrich "Fritz" Hartnagel (February 4, 1917 – April 29, 2001) was a lawyer and soldier of the Wehrmacht during World War II. In the 1950s, Hartnagel, then a judge in Stuttgart, campaigned against the rearmament of the Federal Republic. He was Sophie Scholl's fiancé.

## Life

Fritz Hartnagel was born to Friedrich Hartnagel (1879–1957) and Barbara Hartnagel née Strobl (1878–1945) on February 4, 1917. When Hitler first came to power, Hartnagel was entranced by him and his vision for Germany. He volunteered for an officer career in the spring of 1936 after an early Abitur and was a professional officer of the Wehrmacht until the end of World War II.

## Relationship with Sophie Scholl

In 1937, Hartnagel met Sophie Scholl at a dance event. Under Scholl's influence and after experiences on the front (including in the Battle of Stalingrad), Hartnagel changed from an enthusiastic soldier to an opponent of war and Nazi dictatorship. He supported the resistance activities with news about the course of the war and war crimes and with amounts of money (including 1,000 ℛ︁ℳ︁) although he never officially joined any resistance movements.
Hartnagel was not made aware that Sophie Scholl had been arrested until he received a letter from Sophie's mother. When he learned of the arrest, he immediately checked himself out of the hospital in occupied Poland he was in (he suffered frostbite in Russia, which had led to a partial amputation of his hand) and raced to Munich. While at a stop in Berlin, he telephoned the Scholls' house to find out if there were any more details available about her arrest. The phone was answered by Werner Scholl, who had to break the news that Sophie had been executed the day before.
After the execution of Hans and Sophie on February 22, 1943, Hartnagel assisted the Scholl family. After the remaining members of the Scholl family were put into Sippenhaft (kinship arrest), Hartnagel appealed for clemency for them. After they were released, he supported them financially.

## After the War

On April 14, 1945, Hartnagel was captured by US troops and kept as a prisoner of war until September 1945. In October 1945, he married Sophie's sister Elisabeth Scholl, with whom he had grown close after Sophie's execution. Together, they had four boys.
In 1946, Hartnagel began law studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich (the same college Sophie Scholl had gone to). He completed his studies and became a judge. He died on April 29, 2001, at the age of 84.

## Legacy

After his death, the letters between him and Sophie were compiled and published. His and Sophie's story was also the basis for the novel “With you there is light”, published in 2016.
# Marian Albertovich Kowalski

Marian Albertovich Kowalski (Russian: Мариан Альбертович Ковальский; 15 August 1821 or 15 October 1821 – 28 May 1884 or 9 July 1884) was a Polish-Russian astronomer.

## Biography

He was born in Dobrzyń nad Wisłą (called Добжинь in Russian) in Congress Poland, Russian Empire. His patronymic is alternatively given as Voytekhovich or Voytsekhovich (Войтехович or Войцехович), which suggests his father's name was Wojciech. Confusingly, a few Russian sources even give his name as Marian Albertovich Kovalsky-Voytekhovich, but this seems to be an error.
He graduated from St. Petersburg University in 1845. His PhD was in 1852 for his theory of the orbit of Neptune. Beginning in 1852 he was director of the Kazan Observatory, and dean of faculty of physics and mathematics in Kazan.
His most important work was on the analysis of the proper motion of 3,136 stars from James Bradley's catalog, which was the first usable method to deduce the rotation of the Milky Way galaxy. Based on this work, he disproved that a single massive central body in the center of our galaxy was responsible for the motion of the stars.
In celestial mechanics, he found improved methods to deduce a planetary orbit from observations, and analysed the mathematics of perturbations in planetary motions. In particular, he made a more accurate determination of Neptune's orbit. He also found an improved method of determining the orbits of binary stars.
His important papers were published in 1859 in the book Recherches astronomiques de l'observatoire de Kasan.
He died in Kazan and is buried in the Catholic cemetery there . He was the father of Aleksandr Marianovich Kowalski, who worked at Pulkovo Observatory and who died on July 6, 1902, at the age of 44.

## Legacy

The crater Koval'skiy on the Moon and the crater Koval'sky on Mars are both named in his honour.
# Homer L. Lyon

Homer Le Grand Lyon (March 1, 1879 – May 31, 1956) was a U.S. Representative from North Carolina.
Born in Elizabethtown, North Carolina, Lyon attended the public schools, the Davis Military School, Winston, North Carolina, and the law department of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He was admitted to the bar in 1900 and commenced practice in Whiteville, North Carolina. He served as delegate to every Democratic State convention from 1901 to 1921. He served as delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1904 and 1940. He served as solicitor of the eighth judicial district of North Carolina 1913-1920.
Lyon was elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-seventh and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1921 – March 3, 1929). He was not a candidate for renomination in 1928. He resumed the practice of law in Whiteville, North Carolina, until his retirement in 1950. He died in Whiteville, North Carolina, May 31, 1956. He was interred in Memorial Cemetery.

## Sources

* United States Congress. "Homer L. Lyon (id: L000543)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
U.S. House of Representatives :
| Preceded byHannibal L. Godwin | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from North Carolina's 6th congressional district 1921–1929 | Succeeded byJ. Bayard Clark |
# Engie (disambiguation)

Engie SA is a French multinational utility company.
Engie may also refer to:
* Engie Open de Biarritz, a professional tennis tournament held in Biarritz, France
* Engie Open Feira de Santana, a professional tennis tournament held in Brazil
* Engie Open Brasília, a professional tennis tournament held in Brazil
* Engie Mitre, a Panamanian footballer
* Engie Benjy, a British stop motion animated pre-school children's show
* The Engineer, one of nine playable classes in Team Fortress 2
* Engie Australia, Australian energy retailer
# Nitrosopumilaceae

The Nitrosopumilaceae are a family of the Archaea order Nitrosopumilales.

## Taxonomy

| 16S rRNA based LTP_06_2022 | 53 marker proteins based GTDB 09-RS220 |
| Nitrosarchaeum Nitrosopumilus | "Ca. Nitrosotalea" Lehtovirta 2011 "Ca. Nitrosotenuis" Lebedeva et al. 2013 "Ca. Nitrosopelagicus" Santoro et al. 2015 "Cenarchaeum" DeLong & Preston 1996 Nitrosarchaeum corrig. Jung et al. 2018 Nitrosopumilus Qin et al. 2017 |
# Leander H. Shepard

Leander H. Shepard (October 25, 1825 – July 31, 1893) was an American farmer and farm machinery salesman. He served one term in the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing Dodge County.

## Biography

Shepard was born on October 25, 1825, in Erie County, New York, the son of Amos Shepard (1775–1851) and Chloe Ann Shepard (1789–1863). He later resided in Burnett, Wisconsin, where he was a farmer. Additionally, he sold machinery for the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company. On December 4, 1856, Shepard married Cordelia Mattoon. They had four children. He died on July 31, 1893.

## Political career

Shepard was a member of the Assembly during the 1877 session. He was a Republican.
# Palace Theater (Gary, Indiana)

The Palace Theater is a 1925 movie theater, now closed, located at 791 Broadway in Gary, Indiana, in the city's Emerson neighborhood. It was designed by the prominent movie palace architect John Eberson.

## History

The Palace Theater was built by Maximillian Dubois' construction company "Max and Sons", who also built the Marquette Park Pavilion in Gary. Construction began in 1924 and the theater opened a year later featuring live stage shows, vaudeville acts, and motion pictures.
From the time it opened, the theater was one of the grandest venues in the town, but when the US Steel plant in Gary went into decline, so did the rest of the town, including the historic theater. The theater slid into decline, and eventually shut down entirely in 1972.
The abandoned theater has since come to be a common symbol of urban decay, and is a frequent subject of photography and urban exploration. The exterior ornamentation has been largely picked away by scavengers, leaving gaping holes in the sides of the building.
In 1987, private investors planned to spend over $500,000 to renovate the theater and the nearby storefronts, but eventually abandoned the deal after the first restaurant opened was unsuccessful.
When the Miss USA pageant was held in Gary in 2002, Donald Trump renovated the front of the theater. Sheets of plywood covering the windows were painted to depict a false interior, and an external marquee was mounted, declaring "Jackson Five Tonite". Google Street View and the show Life After People: The Series (Season 1, Episode 2) show the marquee unchanged as of 2009. Plastic signs reading "Jackson Five Forever" were placed on both sides of the marquee after the death of Michael Jackson. Both signs have since been lost to the wind.
In 2012 there is renewed interest in reviving the theater. Supporters of the Palace have established a page on Facebook to generate support for restoration of the theater.

## Popular culture

The Palace Theater was used as an example for what could happen to a Chicago building in 30 years without humans providing maintenance and upkeep on Life After People: The Series (Season 1, Episode 2).
# Hradište, Poltár District

Hradište (Hungarian: Várkút) is a village and municipality in the Poltár District in the Banská Bystrica Region of Slovakia.

## History

Before the establishment of independent Czechoslovakia in 1918, Hradište was part of Nógrád County within the Kingdom of Hungary. From 1939 to 1945, it was part of the Slovak Republic.

## Genealogical resources

The records for genealogical research are available at the state archive "Statny Archiv in Banska Bystrica, Slovakia"
* Roman Catholic church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1776-1905 (parish B)
* Lutheran church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1720-1929 (parish B)
# Alberto Boullosa

Alberto Boullosa (born 17 May 1925) was a Uruguayan boxer. He competed in the men's lightweight event at the 1948 Summer Olympics.
# Callum Casey

Callum Casey (born 6 June 1990) is a professional rugby league footballer who has played in the 2010s. He has played at representative level for Ireland, and at club level for the Leeds Rhinos (Academy and Reserves), on loan from the Leeds Rhinos for Oldham (loan), Halifax, in the Kingstone Press Championship One for Hunslet Hawks (Heritage No.) (two spells), Batley Bulldogs and on loan from the Batley Bulldogs at Oxford (loan), as a stand-off, hooker, second-row or loose forward.

## Background

Callum Casey is the son of the rugby league footballer; Leo Casey.
# Lockett Ford

(Abraham) Lockett Ford (3 April 1853, in Newry – 16 April 1945, in Ardee) was an Irish Anglican clergyman.
Irwin was educated at the Royal Institution School, Liverpool and Trinity College, Oxford. He was ordained deacon in 1876 and priest in 1878. He was an Assistant Master at his old school then Curate at Dundalk. He was Rector of Camlough from 1878 to 1893; and then of Ardee. He was Rural Dean of Athirdee from 1900 until 1925, and then of Drogheda until 1934. Ford became Archdeacon of Armagh in 1934; and held the post until his death. He was additionally Chaplain to the last four Lords Lieutenant of Ireland.

## Arms

Coat of arms of Lockett Ford :
* NotesGranted 20 September 1916 by George James Burtchaell, Deputy Ulster King of Arms.
* CrestIssuant from a barrulet couped Or a greyhound's head Sable.
* TorseOf the colours.
* EscutcheonPer fess Or and Ermine a greyhound courant Sable on a canton Azure a cross moline of the first.
* MottoNe Cede Malis
# Ira P. Smith

Ira P. Smith (April 6, 1832 – July 27, 1904) was an American businessman and politician.

## Biography

Born in Rochester, New York, Smith moved to Two Rivers, Manitowoc County, Wisconsin Territory, in 1844 and went to the public schools. He then moved to the town of Mishicot and was in the lumber business. He served as chairman of the Mishicot Town Board. Smith served as sheriff of Manitowoc County from 1862 to 1864 and was a Democrat. In 1881, he served in the Wisconsin State Assembly. Smith died of heart failure, at a hospital. in Milwaukee, Wisconsin while visiting a son.
# Lesmoir Castle

Lesmoir Castle was a 16th-century castle, about 2.0 miles (3.2 km) west of Rhynie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, south-west of Tap o' Noth, at Mains of Lesmoir.

## History

Jock o’Scurdargue used the castle in the 15th century. Although it has been suggested that there was construction dating back to 1508 while the earliest evidence suggests 1544. It is said to have been repaired around 1600. It became a Gordon stronghold in the 16th century. David Leslie captured it in 1647 by draining the wet moat; he sacked the castle and hanged 27 of the garrison. The Grants of Rothiemaise purchased it in 1759, and dismantled it.

## Structure

The castle was in 13th-century circular earthworks. There are few remains of the castle. In 1647 there was a tower with a walled courtyard, which enclosed outbuildings. There was a moat. A house here remained until 1759 when it was demolished for building materials. There was a motte. The bailey which was to the south was a triangle about 5 feet (1.5 m) above the marshland.
# Lucy Thomas

Lucy Thomas may refer to:
* Lucy Thomas (businesswoman), Welsh businesswoman (1781–1847)
* Lucy Thomas (footballer), English professional footballer (born 2000)
# Patrick Hivon

Patrick Hivon (born July 5, 1975) is a Canadian actor from Montreal, Quebec.
He was a Jutra Award nominee for Best Supporting Actor at the 17th Jutra Awards in 2015 for Guardian Angel (L'Ange gardien), a Gémeaux Award nominee as Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series in 2015 for Nouvelle adresse, a Canadian Screen Award nominee for Best Supporting Actor at the 4th Canadian Screen Awards in 2016 for Ville-Marie, and a Prix Iris nominee for Best Actor at the 21st Quebec Cinema Awards in 2019 for We Are Gold (Nous sommes Gold), and at the 25th Quebec Cinema Awards in 2023 for Babysitter.
Hivon was primarily associated with stage and television roles, including the television series 2 frères, Rumeurs, Lance et compte and Providence, and theatre productions of Daniel Danis' Le Langue-à-langue des chiens de roche and Michel Marc Bouchard's Les feluettes, until landing his first major film role in the 2010 film Crying Out (À l'origine d'un cri).
He has also appeared in the films L'Affaire Dumont, Guardian Angel (L'Ange gardien), Émilie, Noir, Bad Seeds (Les Mauvaises herbes), A Kid (Le Fils de Jean), Shooting Star (Comme une comète), Restless River (La rivière sans repos), Mont Foster, Humanist Vampire Seeking Consenting Suicidal Person (Vampire humaniste cherche suicidaire consentant) and A Christmas Storm (Le Cyclone de Noël), and the television series Karl & Max, Vertige, The Night Logan Woke Up (La nuit où Laurier Gaudreault s'est réveillé) and Anna Comes Home (Le retour d'Anna Brodeur).
# Ann K. Symons

Ann K. Symons is an American librarian. She served as a president of the American Library Association from 1998 to 1999 and prior to that Treasurer from 1992 to 1996.

## Education

Symons earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of California and a Masters in Library Sciences degree from the University of Oregon.

## Career

She has been a school librarian since 1970 working in Alaska and Anglo American School of Moscow.
During her ALA Presidency, her presidential initiative was the adoption of a new ALA intellectual freedom statement Libraries: An American Value.

## Awards

She was the 1999 recipient of the Robert B. Downs Intellectual Freedom Award from the American Library Association, the 2002 recipient of the Joseph W. Lippincott Award from the American Library Association, and the 2014 recipient of American Library Association Equality Award
In 2017 Symons was awarded American Library Association Honorary Membership, the highest honor awarded.

## Selected publications

* Protecting the Right to Read (Neal Schuman, 1995)
* Speaking Out! Voices in Celebration of Intellectual Freedom (ALA Editions, 1999)
# Alcides Etcheverry

Alcides Etcheverry (born 4 September 1961) is a Uruguayan former cyclist. He competed in the road race at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# Bill Williams Peak

Bill Williams Peak, elevation 13,389 feet (4,081 m), is an (officially unnamed) mountain located in Pitkin County, Colorado, United States. The summit of the mountain is the high point of the Williams Mountains, a subrange of the Sawatch Range. The summit is located 12.2 miles (19.6 km) east of Aspen, Colorado, in the Hunter–Fryingpan Wilderness of White River National Forest. Bill Williams Peak is the 42nd highest major summit of Colorado and the 45th highest major summit of the Rocky Mountains of the United States and Canada.

## Etymology

The mountain and its range are named for William Sherley "Old Bill" Williams (1787–1849), prominent American mountain man and frontiersman who frequented the region.
In November 1848, John C. Fremont hired Williams to guide his ill-fated fourth expedition through the Southern Rocky Mountains. Fremont sought to find a railroad route through the Rockies along the 38th parallel north. Williams warned Fremont against following his intended route through the La Garita Mountains in winter, but Fremont proceeded with his 35 men and 150 mules. The expedition eventually became hopelessly mired in deep snow and 11 men and all but a few of the pack animals died. Williams led a rescue party south towards Taos, and the survivors of the expedition eventually managed to follow.
In March, Williams and Dr. Benjamin Kern returned to the La Garita Mountains in hopes of finding more survivors. On March 14, 1849, Ute warriors murdered Bill Williams and Dr. Kern in the mountains by for trespassing on Ute lands.

## Climbing

In August 2024, a 33-year old climber was fatally injured after falling 50-100 feet from Williams Peak. The climber was able to send their location to rescuers via a GPS device, however the climber had succumbed to their injuries by the time rescuers arrived.
# Zero tolerance (disambiguation)

Zero tolerance is a type of punishment policy. The term can also refer to:
* Trump administration zero tolerance policy
* Zero tolerance (schools), the rule enforcement policy in North American schools
* Zero tolerance (trade), a regulatory standard
* Zero Tolerance (video game), a 1994 video game
* Zero Tolerance Recordings, a record label
* Zero Tolerance (album), a compilation album released under the name Chuck Schuldiner
* Zero Tolerance (1994 film), an American film starring Robert Patrick
* Zero Tolerance (1999 film), a Swedish film starring Jakob Eklund
* Zero Tolerance (2015 film), directed by Wych Kaosayananda
* "Zero Tolerance" (My Hero), a 2002 television episode
* Indian 2: Zero Tolerance, a 2024 Indian film
* Zero Tolerance Entertainment, a porn film producer
* Zero Tolerance (magazine), a bi-monthly British magazine focusing on extreme metal
* Operation: Zero Tolerance, a Marvel Comics storyline event
* Operation Zero Tolerance
# Acavidae

Acavidae is a taxonomic family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Rhytidoidea.

## Anatomy

In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 26 and 35 (according to the values in this table).

## Genera

The family Acavidae has no subfamilies.
Genera in the family Acavidae include:
* Acavus Montfort, 1810
* Ampelita Beck, 1837
* Embertoniphanta Groh & Poppe, 2002
* Eurystyla Ancey, 1887
* Helicophanta Férussac, 1821
* Oligospira Ancey, 1887
* † Pebasiconcha Wesselingh & Gittenberger, 1999 - with the only species † Pebasiconcha immanis Wesselingh & Gittenberger, 1999
* Reticulapex Emberton & Pearce, 2000
* Stylodonta De Cristofori & Jan, 1832

### Genera brought into synonymy

* Acavella Jousseaume, 1894: synonym of Oligospira Ancey, 1887
* Columplica W. Hartmann, 1843: synonym of Stylodonta De Cristofori & Jan, 1832
* Poecilostylus Pilsbry, 1890: synonym of Eurystyla Ancey, 1887
* Stylodon H. Beck, 1837: synonym of Stylodonta De Cristofori & Jan, 1832