# Kilinochchi District

Kilinochchi District (Tamil: கிளிநொச்சி மாவட்டம் Kiḷinocci Māvaṭṭam; Sinhala: කිලිනොච්චි දිස්ත්‍රික්කය) is one of the 25 districts of Sri Lanka, the second level administrative division of the country. The district is administered by a District Secretariat headed by a District Secretary (previously known as a Government Agent) appointed by the central government of Sri Lanka. The capital of the district is the town of Kilinochchi.

## History

Between 5th century BC and 13th century AD present day Kilinochchi District was part of Rajarata. Much of Kilinochchi District was thereafter part of the pre-colonial Jaffna kingdom. The district then came under Portuguese, Dutch and British control. In 1815 the British gained control of the entire island of Ceylon. They divided the island into three ethnic based administrative structures: Low Country Sinhalese, Kandyan Sinhalese and Tamil. The district, which was then part of Jaffna District, was part of the Tamil administration. In 1833, in accordance with the recommendations of the Colebrooke-Cameron Commission, the ethnic based administrative structures were unified into a single administration divided into five geographic provinces. Jaffna District, together with Mannar District and Vanni District, formed the new Northern Province.
The district was colonised in 1936 by residents from Jaffna Peninsula as part of a scheme that sought to ease overpopulation and unemployment. At the time that Ceylon gained independence, Jaffna was one of the three districts located in the Northern Province. Parts of Jaffna District were transferred to newly created Mullaitivu District in September 1978. Kilinochchi District was carved out of the southern part of Jaffna District in February 1984.
Kilinochchi District was under the control of rebel Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam for many years during the civil war. The district was recaptured by the Sri Lankan military in late 2008/early 2009.

## Geography

Kilinochchi District is located in the north of Sri Lanka in the Northern Province. It has an area of 1,279 square kilometres (494 sq mi).

## Administrative units

Kilinochchi District is divided into 4 Divisional Secretary's Division (DS Divisions), each headed by a Divisional Secretary (previously known as an Assistant Government Agent). The DS Divisions are further sub-divided into 95 Grama Niladhari Divisions (GN Divisions).
| DS Division | Main Town | Divisional Secretary | GN Divisions | Area (km$^2$) | Population (2012 Census) | Population (2012 Census) | Population (2012 Census) | Population (2012 Census) | Population (2012 Census) | Population (2012 Census) | Population Density (/km$^2$) |
| DS Division | Main Town | Divisional Secretary | GN Divisions | Area (km$^2$) | Sri Lankan Tamil | Indian Tamil | Sinhalese | Sri Lankan Moors | Other | Total | Population Density (/km$^2$) |
| Kandavalai | Kandavalai | T. Mugunthan | 16 | 318 | 22,920 | 7 | 58 | 17 | 1 | 23,003 | 72 |
| Karachchi | Kilinochchi | G. Nageswaran | 42 | 358 | 58,901 | 1,501 | 533 | 178 | 24 | 61,137 | 171 |
| Pachchilaipalli | Pallai | Sivapathasundram Sathiyaseelan | 18 | 164 | 8,274 | 6 | 222 | 8 | 0 | 8,510 | 52 |
| Poonakary | Poonakary | K. S. Vasanthakumar | 19 | 439 | 19,433 | 168 | 149 | 475 | 0 | 20,225 | 46 |
| Total | Total | Total | 95 | 1,279 | 109,528 | 1,682 | 962 | 678 | 25 | 112,875 | 88 |

## Demographics
### Population

Kilinochchi District's population was 112,875 in 2011. The population of the district is almost exclusively Sri Lankan Tamil.
The population of the district, like the rest of the north and east of Sri Lanka, has been heavily affected by the civil war. The war killed an estimated 100,000 people. Several hundred thousand Sri Lankan Tamils, possibly as much as one million, emigrated to the West during the war. Many Sri Lankan Tamils also moved to the relative safety of the capital Colombo. Most of the Sri Lankan Moors and Sinhalese who lived in the district fled to other parts of Sri Lanka or were forcibly expelled by the rebel Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam.

### Ethnicity

Population of Kilinochchi District by ethnic group 1981 to 2012 :
| Year | Tamil | Tamil | Sinhalese | Sinhalese | Muslim | Muslim | Other | Other | Total No. |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | Total No. |
| 1981 Census | 89,197 | 97.33% | 741 | 0.81% | 1,567 | 1.71% | 136 | 0.15% | 91,641 |
| 1999 Estimate | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 156,428 |
| 2000 Estimate | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 154,015 |
| 2001 Estimate | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 148,052 |
| 2002 Estimate | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 153,721 |
| 2003 Estimate | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 140,145 |
| 2004 Estimate | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 140,920 |
| 2005 Estimate | 165,781 | 99.77% | 2 | 0.00% | 383 | 0.23% | 0 | 0.00% | 166,166 |
| 2006 Estimate | 196,611 | 99.78% | 2 | 0.00% | 424 | 0.22% | 0 | 0.00% | 197,037 |
| 2007 Estimate | 195,386 | 99.78% | 2 | 0.00% | 424 | 0.22% | 0 | 0.00% | 195,812 |
| 2008 Estimate | 190,599 | 99.78% | 2 | 0.00% | 424 | 0.22% | 0 | 0.00% | 191,025 |
| 2009 Estimate | 22,099 | 93.54% | 1 | 0.00% | 1,525 | 6.46% | 0 | 0.00% | 23,625 |
| 2011 Enumeration | 102,779 | 99.10% | 138 | 0.13% | 774 | 0.75% | 26 | 0.03% | 103,717 |
| 2012 Census | 111,210 | 98.52% | 962 | 0.85% | 678 | 0.60% | 25 | 0.02% | 112,875 |

### Religion

There are 92,986 Hindus in Kilinochchi District.Also 18,499 Christians, 1275 Buddhists, 700 Muslims and 50 Other Religious people in Kilinochchi District

### Poverty

In 2016 the district was the poorest in Sri Lanka and had the highest incidence of extreme poverty according to the World Bank.
Religion in Kilinochchi District (2011)

## Politics and government
### Local government

Kilinochchi District has three local authorities all of which are Divisional Councils (Pradesha Sabhai or Pradeshiya Sabha).
| Local Authority | Area (km$^2$) | Population (2011) | Registered Electors (2011) | Elected Members (2011) | Elected Members (2011) | Elected Members (2011) |
| Local Authority | Area (km$^2$) | Population (2011) | Registered Electors (2011) | TNA | UPFA | Total |
| Karachchi Divisional Council | 620.66 | 76,770 | 42,800 | 15 | 4 | 19 |
| Pachchilaipalli Divisional Council | 167.70 | 7,641 | 7,116 | 6 | 3 | 9 |
| Poonakary Divisional Council | 478.73 | 19,306 | 11,301 | 6 | 4 | 10 |
| Total | 1,267.09 | 103,717 | 61,217 | 27 | 11 | 38 |