# TMEM156

TMEM156 is a gene that encodes the transmembrane protein 156 (TMEM156) in Homo sapiens. It has the clone name of FLJ23235.

## Gene
### Locus

TMEM156 is located on the short arm of chromosome 4. It is found at position 4p14. It has four known transcripts, only two of which have proteins.

#### Gene neighborhood

Cytogenetic band: 4p14
The image above shows chromosome four and the various gene locations on it. TMEM156 can be seen at the thin red band that has been placed at p14.

### Size

TMEM156 is 66,499 bases and 296 amino acids in length. TMEM156 spans from 38,966,744 to 39,032,922 bp.

## mRNA
### Splice variants

TMEM156 has one known splice variant, TMEM156-003. It has one transmembrane region and is 179 amino acids in length resulting in a lower molecular mass of 20.9 kDa. In addition the isoelectric point is 7.0633 and the gene has four transcripts.
Exons: TMEM156 consists of nine exons, their length and gene coordinates are listed accordingly. :
| Type | Length | Gene Coordinates |
| Alternative exon 1 | 64 bp | 1 to 64 |
| Alternative exon 2 | 912 bp | 4 to 915 |
| Exon 3 | 270 bp | 11439 to 11708 |
| Exon 4 | 261 bp | 15807 to 16067 |
| Exon 5 | 120 bp | 17760 to 17879 |
| Exon 6 | 84 bp | 19305 to 19388 |
| Exon 7 | 80 bp | 33260 to 33339 |
| Exon 8 | 95 bp | 33907 to 34001 |
| Exon 9 | 37 bp | 37247 to 37283 |

### Isoforms

There is one known isoform of TMEM156. This particular isoform uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 3' coding region. The resulting isoform is shorter than the original.

## Protein
### Structure
#### Primary structure

The TMEM156 protein is 296 amino acids in length. It has a molecular weight of 34.323 kDa and an isoelectric point of 7.98. The protein interacts with the membrane three times as seen in the figure below.

#### Secondary structure

TMEM156 has a secondary structure composed of primarily α-helices. Phyre was used to create this structure that can be viewed on the right hand side of this article. It is evident that the predicted protein structure is vastly composed of α-helices. The N terminus is located at the top of the image and the C terminus is at the bottom.

#### Tertiary structure

This structure was predicted by analyzing the amino acid sequence using I-TASSER. The final result can be seen below.

### Post-translational modifications

Glycosylation at Asn 45 and Asn 156 along with N-glycosylation seen in the portion of the protein that is found in the cytoplasm.

### Subcellular location

The k-NN tool suggests the location of TMEM156 in the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell with 44.4% certainty. The following locations were all predicted with 11.1% certainty: vacuolar, vesicles of secretory system, extracellular, plasma membrane, and mitochondrial.

## Expression

TMEM156 is expressed in several tissues including ascites, bone marrow, salivary glands, and vascular to name a few. This gene is not ubiquitously expressed, but is still evident in many tissues. This gene is predominately expressed in adults but there is a bit of expression in fetuses.

## Interacting proteins

* C12orf55-chromosome 12 open reading frame 55
* FAM92B-family with sequence similarity 92, member B
* NUGGC-nuclear GTPase, germinal center associated
** plays a role as replication-related GTPase
* CEACAM21-carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 21
* CPNES-copine V
** may function in membrane trafficking
** exhibits calcium-dependent phospholipid binding properties
* FCRL1-Fc receptor-like 1
** may function as an activating coreceptor in B-cells
** may function in B-cell activation and differentiation
* MEI1-meiosis inhibitor 1
** required for normal meiotic chromosome synapsis
** may be involved in meiotic double strand breaks
* MZB1-marginal zone B and B1 cell-specific protein
** associates with immunoglobulin M (IgM) both heavy and light chains
*** promotoes IgM assembly and secretion
* SPAG4-sperm associated antigen 4
** may assist the organization and assembly of outer dense fibers (specific fibers to the sperm tail)
* SLC17A9-solute carrier family 17, member 9
** involved in vesicular storage and exocytosis of ATP

## Homology

Transmembrane protein 156 has one known paralog. It also has various orthologs within eukaryotes. The table below compares an overarching sample of the known orthologs and one paralog. The specific lineage of TMEM156 is: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Homindae; Homo.
| Organism | Common name | Accession number | Sequence identity | Sequence similarity | Notes |
| Homo sapiens | human | XP_011512056 | 100% | 100% | Mammal |
| Phycicoccus sp. Root101 | Phycicoccus sp. Root101 | WP_056919608 | 36% | 56% | Archaea |
| Medicago truncatula | barrel medic | XP_003600988 | 52% | 73% | Plantae |
| Acanthisitta chloris | rifleman | KFP78611 | 28% | 49% | Aves |
| Struthio camelus australis | Struthio camelus australis | KFV80462 | 30% | 48% | Aves |
| Chaetura pelagica | chimney swift | KFU95974 | 31% | 50% | Aves |
| Tauraco erythrolophus | red-crested turaco | XP_009989935 | 32% | 48% | Aves |
| Chlamydotis macqueenii | MacQueen's bustard | XP_010113687 | 33% | 50% | Aves |
| Chelonia mydas | green sea turtle | XP_007059764 | 35% | 54% | Reptile |
| Alligator mississippiensis | American alligator | XP_006273714 | 36% | 56% | Reptile |
| Dasypus novemcinctus | nine-banded armadillo | XP_004459440 | 73% | 81% | Mammal |
| Felis catus | domestic cat | XP_006931228 | 68% | 77% | Mammal |
| Panthera tigris altaica | Amur tiger | XP_007098927 | 69% | 78% | Mammal |
| Bubalus bubalis | water buffalo | XP_006066188 | 72% | 83% | Mammal |
| Capra hircus | goat | XP_005681569 | 72% | 83% | Mammal |
| Leptonychotes weddellii | Weddell seal | XP_006732368 | 72% | 82% | Mammal |
| Ovis aries | sheep | XP_012035193 | 73% | 84% | Mammal |
| Bison bison bison | bison | XP_010831883.1 | 74% | 84% | Mammal |
| Camelus bactrianus | Bactrian camel | XP_010960972 | 74% | 85% | Mammal |
| Vicugna pacos | alpaca | XP_015099523 | 75% | 86% | Mammal |
| Pteropus vampyrus | large flying fox | XP_011364299 | 79% | 89% | Mammal |
| Homo sapiens | humans | NP_061028.3 | 47% | 58% | Mammal |