# Hans Rudolf Herren

Hans Rudolf Herren (born November 30, 1947) is a Swiss American entomologist, farmer and development specialist. He was the first Swiss to receive the 1995 World Food Prize and the 2013 Right Livelihood Award for leading a major biological pest management campaign in Africa, successfully fighting the cassava mealybug and averting a major food crisis that could have claimed an estimated 20 million lives.
Herren is the president and CEO of the Washington-based Millennium Institute and co-founder and president of the Swiss foundation Biovision. He co-chaired the International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development (IAASTD) published 2008, and was Director General of International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe) in Nairobi, Kenya from 1994 to 2005. He was involved in the preparations of the United Nations' Rio+20 Conference on Sustainable Development with Biovision Foundation and Millennium Institute.

## Early life and education

Herren was born November 30, 1947, in Mühleberg, Switzerland to Rudolf and Emma Herren (née Mader; 1922-2021). After receiving his M.Sc. in agronomy from the ETH Zurich and his doctorate in Biological Control from the same university in 1977, Herren did his post-doctoral studies in Biological Control of insect pests at the University of California in Berkeley.

## Career

In 1979, at only 32 years old, Herren then went to work for the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) in Ibadan, Nigeria. There he built the Biological Control Programme and designed and implemented the largest biological pest-management known to date, fighting the Cassava mealybug (Phenacoccus manihoti) with its natural enemy, a parasitic wasp (Anagyrus lopezi), which he found in South America. He saved an estimated 20 million lives by averting a major food crisis. For this achievement he received numerous awards including the 1995 World Food Prize and the 2003 Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement.
Herren then developed a number of other biological control programmes against field and tree crops as well as aquatic weeds across sub-Saharan Africa. Subsequently, Herren became Director of the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe). From 1994 to 2005, he was also the Editor-in Chief of the Journal Insect Science and Its Application. With some of his prize money he went on to found Biovision Foundation in 1998 in Zurich. The organisation works with pilot projects, communication projects and political projects to foster ecological development in the global North and South and has grown to an annual budget of over $8 Mio. Since 2005 he heads the Washington-based Millennium Institute, dedicated to system dynamics modeling for scenario-based sustainable development policy support. Furthermore, Herren was co-author and co-chairman of the World Agriculture Report of the International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development (IAASTD) in 2008, which was initiated by six UN organisations and the World Bank.
Further Memberships:
* Until 2007: President of the International Association for the Plant Protection Sciences (IAPPS)(now Honorary President).
* Until 2006: Two-term member of the Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centers (CGIAR) Science Council.
* Until 2011: Member of the Scientific Advisory Council of the Swiss Institute of Technology in Lausanne.
* Associate US National Academy of Sciences (NAS)
* Associate TWAS, the academy of sciences for the developing world.
* Member Entomological Society of America
* Member African Association of Insect Scientists
* Member International Organization for Biological Control
* Member American Institute of Biological Science
* Member American Association for the Advancement of Science.
* Member of Club of Rome
* Founding member of Regeneration International
* Founding member of the Monsanto Tribunal
* Member Worldwatch Institute's Nourishing the Planet Advisory Group.
* Member of the European Network of Scientists for Social and Environmental Responsibility.
* Member of the World Future Council

## Opinion

Based on his deep and long experience in biological pest control, sustainable agriculture and rural development issues Herren is an outspoken proponent of agro-ecology, organic and other forms of sustainable agriculture. He criticises that GMOs currently, and most probably also in the future, offer no significant economic or social advantages to poor small-scale farmers, that they reduce the resilience of agricultural systems through reducing the diversity of crops and the genetical diversity within varieties at a time when more diversity is needed from crop/animal to system levels. According to Herren: "Today's GMOs don't produce more food, they help cut production costs - in the first few years until insects and weeds catch up again - as we have seen earlier with the use of insecticides. That's why we introduced Integrated Pest Management (IPM), which was meant to treat the causes of pest outbreaks. The GMO crop cultivars that are used today are basically a step back, to the pre-IPM period. Many pest problems can actually be solved with classical breeding and marker assisted breeding methods, that do not force farmers into costly licensing agreements with seed companies or lock them into the use of specific herbicides."
Dr Herren believes the way forward was well described in the IAASTD Report. It called for a shift in paradigm, the transition of the industrial and external energy dependent agriculture into a multifunctional agriculture that promotes a system-approach to production and problem solving. The report suggests that business as usual is not an option and recommends a number of action in research and implementation that address the food and nutrition security now and for the decades ahead. Dr. Herren has been at the forefront of the conversation and action for the implementation of the IAASTD report - which was sponsored by 6 UN agencies and the World Bank, involving over 400 scientists, NGOs and the private sector and had been endorsed at the final plenary by 59 countries from around the world.

## Personal life

Herren is married to Barbara Gemill. They have three children and reside in California.

## Prizes

* 1991 Rank Prize for Nutrition
* 1991 Merit Award for Outstanding Service to Crop Protection from the XII International Plant Protection Congress at Rio de Janeiro
* 1995 World Food Prize
* 1995 Kilby International Award
* 2002 Dr J. E. Brandenberger Prize
* 2003 Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement
* 2004 Honorary professor title (Prof. h.c.), Hubei University, Wuhan, PRC
* 2004 Honorary doctorate (Doctor es Science Honoris Causa), Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
* 2010 One World Award
* 2013 Right Livelihood Award
* 2014 Dr. Herren received the 2013 SwissAward in the category "Society".

## Publications

Herren has published extensively (over 70 articles). His own publications include the following:
* Herren, H.R. "How to nourish the World" - 2016, Publisher Rüffer&Rub, Zurich
* Herren, H.R. (2011). "No sustainable development without healthy, nutritious and culturally adapted food for all". UNEP Perspectives on Rio+20 on http://www.unep.org/environmentalgovernance/PerspectivesonRIO20/HansHerren/tabid/78431/Default.aspx
* Pretty, Jules; Sutherland, William J.; Ashby, Jacqueline; Auburn, Jill; Baulcombe, David; Bell, Michael; Bentley, Herren, Hans; .... "The top 100 questions of importance to the future of global agriculture", International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, Volume 8, Number 4, 2010-11-30
* Herren, H.R.; Mbogo, C. "The Role of DDT in Malaria Control", Environmental Health Perspectives, 2010
* Beverly D. McIntyre, Hans R. Herren, Judi Wakhungu, Robert T. Watson. "IAASTD International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development: Global Report", International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science, and Technology for Development (Project), Island Press, 2009
* Andrea M. Bassi, A. Drake, E.L. Tennyson and H.R. Herren. 2009. "Evaluating the Creation of a Parallel Non-Oil Transportation System in an Oil Constrained Future", TRB Conference: Annual Conference of the Transportation Research Board of the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, 11–15 January 2009, Washington DC, US.
* Pasquet RS, Peltier A, Hufford MB, Oudin E, Saulnier J, Paul L, Knudsen JT, Herren HR, Gepts P. 2008. Long-distance pollen flow assessment through evaluation of pollinator foraging range suggests transgene escape distances. PNAS: 2008;105(36):13456-6
* Herren, H. & Baumgärtner, J. (2007). From Integrated Pest Management to adaptive Ecosystem Management. In S.J. Scherr & J.A. McNeely (Eds.), Farming with Nature: the science and practice of ecoagriculre. Washington D.C.: Island Press.
* Fritz J. Häni, Laszlo Pinter and Hans R Herren. 2007. Sustainable Agriculture: from common principles to common practices. Proceeding and outputs of the first symposium of the international forum on assessing sustainability in agriculture. 16 March 2006, Bern, Switzerland. Edited by Fritz J. Häni, Laszlo Pinter and Hans R Herren. Published by IISD
* Leif Christian Stige, Jørn Stave, Kung-Sik Chan, Lorenzo Ciannelli, Nathalie Pettorelli, Michael Glantz, Hans R. Herren, and Nils Chr. Stenseth. From the Cover: The effect of climate variation on agro-pastoral production in Africa. PNAS 2006 103: 3049–3053.
* Herren, H.R. 2005. Sustainable Pest Management for Global Food Security. In: Entomology at the Land Grant University Perspectives from the Texas A&M University Centenary. Kevin M. Heinz,Raymond E. Frisbie,Carlos Enrique Bográn (Eds.), 2003 Texas A&M University Press, College Station, TX / USA
* Herren, H.R. 2003. The War against Poverty: the Way Forward. In Resource Management for Poverty Reduction: Approaches and Technologies, Selected Contributions to Ethio-Forum 2002. Aseffa Abreha, Getachew Tikubet and Johann Baumgaertner (eds). Published by the Ethiopian Social Rehabilitation Fund
* Herren, H.R. 2003. Genetically engineered crops and sustainable agriculture, in: Methods for Risk Assessment of Transgenic Plants, 35, IV. Biodiversity and Biotechnology. K. Ammann, Y. Jacot and R. Braun (eds), 2003 Birkhäuser Verlag Basel/Switzerland
* Zeddies J., Schaab R.P., Neuenschwander P., Herren H.R. Economics of biological control of cassava mealybug in Africa (2001) Agricultural Economics, 24 (2), pp. 209–219.
* Herren, H.R., Neuenschwander, P. 1991. Biological control of cassava pests in Africa. Annual Review of Entomology 36:257-283.
* Gutierrez, A.P, B. Wermelinger, F. Schulthess, J.U. Baumgärtner, H.R. Herren, C.K. Ellis & J.S. Yaninek, 1988. Analysis of biological control of cassava pests in Africa: I. Simulation of carbon, nitrogen and water dynamics in cassava. Journal of Applied Ecology, 25:901-920.
* Herren, H.R., P. Neuenschwander, R.D. Hennessey & W.N.O. Hammond, 1987. Introduction and dispersal of Epidinocarsis lopezi (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), an exotic parasitoid of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae), in Africa. Agricultural Ecosystems and Environment, 19:131-144.
* Herren, H.R., 1987. Africa-wide biological control project of cassava and cassava green mites: A review of objectives and achievements. Insect Science and Application, 8:837-840.
Herren was coordinating author of the Agriculture Chapter of UNEP's "Green Economy Report" (2011).

## Publications about Herren

* Herbert Cerutti: Wie Hans Rudolf Herren 20 Millionen Menschen rettete. Die ökologische Erfolgsstory eines Schweizers (biography, available in German only). Orell Füssli, Zürich 2011, ISBN 978-3-280-05409-3
* Beat Pfändler: Swiss Guest Book. Porträts inspirierender Persönlichkeiten (available in German only). Offizin, Zürich 2007, ISBN 978-3-907496-51-0