OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Breguet Type IV

The Breguet Type IV was an aircraft built by Breguet Aviation. It was first flown in 1911, and was the first Breguet aircraft to be produced in quantity. It was used by the French Army and the British Royal Flying Corps. It is notable for the extensive use of metal in its construction, unusual in an aircraft of its time.

## Design and development

The Bréguet Type IV was developed from the Bréguet Type III which had appeared during 1910. It was a tractor biplane with a tricycle undercarriage.

## Variants and nomenclature

The Bréguet Type IV was produced in a number of variants, differing in their seating arrangement and in the engine fitted. Although Bréguet's earlier aircraft were referred to using a type number, the aircraft produced after the Type III were generally referred to using an airframe number and a letter/number combination denoting the type of engine fitted.
* G, later G.1 powered by a 50 hp (37 kW) Gnome Omega
* G.2 powered by a 70 hp (52 kW) Gnome
* G.3 powered by a 100 hp (75 kW) Gnome Gnome Double Omega
* G.4 powered by a 160 hp (120 kW) Gnome Gnome Double Lambda
* R.1 powered by a 50 hp (37 kW) REP
* R.2 powered by a 70 hp (52 kW) REP
* L.1 powered by a 50 hp (37 kW) Renault 50/60 hp (the 'L' for Louis Renault)
* L.2 powered by a 70 hp (52 kW) Renault
* C.1 powered by a 40 hp (30 kW) Chenu
* C.2 powered by an 80 hp (60 kW) Chenu
* U.1 powered by an 80 hp (60 kW) Canton-Unné
* U.2 powered by an 80 hp (60 kW) Canton-Unné
* D.1 powered by a 100 hp (75 kW) Dansette
* O.1 powered by an 80 hp (60 kW) Le Rhône

## Survivors

An example, an R.U.1, is on display at the Musée des Arts et Métiers in Paris.

## Specifications (L-1 Cruiser)

Data from Flight, 22 July 1911, p. 625
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Capacity: 1
* Length: 8.5 m (28 ft)
* Upper wingspan: 13.94 m (45 ft 9 in)
* Lower wingspan: 8.74 m (28 ft 8 in)
* Wing area: 30.43 m$^2$ (327.5 sq ft)
* Propellers: 2.4 m (8 ft) diameter
# Harold S. Sawyer

Harold Samuel Sawyer (March 21, 1920 – April 2, 2003) was an American attorney and politician from the U.S. state of Michigan. Born and raised in the San Francisco Bay Area, Sawyer represented Michigan's 5th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1977 to 1985.

## Early life and education

Sawyer was born in San Francisco, California. He attended public schools of the San Francisco Bay area before graduating from Marin Junior College (now the College of Marin), Kentfield, California and from the University of California, Berkeley in 1940. He earned a J.D. from the University of California, Hastings College of the Law in 1943.

## Career

He served in the United States Navy during World War II, after which he settled in Grand Rapids, Michigan and established a successful private law practice.
From 1968 to 1976, Sawyer was a member of the Michigan Law Revision Commission. From 1975 to 1976, he was prosecuting attorney for Kent County. In 1976, Sawyer defeated incumbent Democrat Richard Vander Veen to reclaim Michigan's 5th congressional district for the Republicans. The seat had been held by Gerald R. Ford until he was appointed to become Vice President of the United States; it had been in Republican hands without interruption from 1913 until Vander Veen's victory. Sawyer benefited from the presence of Ford atop the ticket in his bid for a full term as president.
Sawyer was elected to the Ninety-fifth and to the three succeeding Congresses, serving from January 3, 1977 to January 3, 1985. However, he did not have nearly as easy a time of it as Ford or his Republican predecessors. In 1978, he only defeated Democratic challenger Dale Sprik by 0.7 percent, a difference of 1,100 votes. He defeated Sprik by seven points in a rematch. In 1982, he defeated former state representative Stephen Monsma with 53 percent of the vote. These would be the last times that a Democrat managed 40 percent of the vote in the district in the 20th century (it was renumbered as the 3rd district in 1993).
Sawyer served on the House Select Committee on Assassinations investigating the assassinations of John F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King, Jr. Sawyer was one of four members who dissented from the Committee's finding that Dictabelt evidence suggested that Kennedy was "probably assassinated as a result of a conspiracy." Responding to a question asking how he would handle the Committee's report if he were at the Justice Department, he replied: "I'd file it in a circular file." Sawyer stated that the conclusions in both cases were based on "supposition upon supposition upon supposition".

## Death

In 2003, Sawyer died of throat cancer at his home in Algoma Township. He is interred in Rockford Cemetery, in Rockford, Michigan.
# SS Kiangya

SS Kiangya or Jiangya (traditional Chinese: 江亞輪; simplified Chinese: 江亚轮; pinyin: Jiāngyà Lún) was a Chinese passenger steamship that was destroyed in an explosion near the mouth of the Huangpu River 50 miles (80 km) north of Shanghai on 3 or 4 December 1948. Her wreck was cleared from the channel in 1956 and her hull refurbished, re-entering service. She was renamed the SS Dongfang Hong 8 (traditional Chinese: 東方紅8; simplified Chinese: 东方红8; pinyin: Dōngfāng Hóng Bā; lit. 'The East is Red #8') during the Cultural Revolution and retired during modernisations in 1983.
The Kiangya was one of eight ships operated by the Shanghai Merchants Group and the sister ship of the SS Kiangking (Chinese: 江静轮; pinyin: Jiāngjìng Lún). She had a displacement of 2,100 tons. At the time of her explosion during the Chinese Civil War, she was bound for Ningbo from Shanghai's Shiliupu Dock. She was packed with refugees fleeing the advancing Communists. She probably hit a mine, possibly laid by the Imperial Japanese Navy during the Second World War. The exact death toll is unknown. Although her official capacity was 1,186 passengers, the manifest listed 2,150 and she was almost certainly carrying many additional stowaways. Rescuers were unaware of the disaster for some hours. With an estimated death toll of between 2,750 and as many as 4,000 people, with 700 survivors being picked up by other vessels, it remains the second deadliest peacetime maritime disaster in history.

## SS Dongfang Hong 8

The hull of the Kiangya had broken in half but, in 1956, the two pieces were removed in order to dredge that area of the river. The process took 160 days, after which the pieces were moved to the Jiangnan Shipyard and refurbished. She re-entered service at Shanghai's Shiliupu Dock on 4 February 1959, after which she served as a local ferry and for shipping between Shanghai and Wuhan. She was renamed the Dongfang Hong 8 in November 1966 during the Cultural Revolution. She was retired in 1983. During shipbreaking operations in June 2000, a major oil fire broke out.

## Legacy

The ship's wooden steering wheel is preserved at the East Zhejiang Maritime Affairs and Folk Customs Museum in Ningbo.
The ship gave her name to Jiangya Nansha, one of the component shoals of Jiuduansha off eastern Shanghai.
# Paul Winter Consort

The Paul Winter Consort is an American musical group. Bassist Eliot Wadopian has been a member.

## Discography

| Title | Year | Label |
| The Winter Consort | 1968 | A&M |
| Something In The Wind | 1969 | A&M |
| Road | 1970 | A&M |
| Icarus | 1972 | Epic |
| Earthdance | 1977 | A&M |
| Concert for the Earth | 1985 | Living Music |
| Wolf Eyes:A Retrospective (compilation) | 1989 | Living Music |
| The Man Who Planted Trees | 1990 | Living Music |
| Turtle Island | 1991 | Living Music |
| Noah and the Ark | 1992 | Rabbit Ears Productions |
| Spanish Angel | 1993 | Living Music |
| Anthems:10 Years of Living Music (compilation) | 1998 | Living Music |
| Silver Solstice | 2005 | Living Music |
| Crestone | 2007 | Living Music |
| Miho: Journey to the Mountain | 2010 | Living Music |
| Earth Music | 2011 | Living Music |

## Films

* Canyon Consort (1985)
# (Jo)Style

[Jo]Style is a Japanese adult video (AV) director who has supervised more than 300 productions during his career.

## Life and career

[Jo]Style began his profession directing AV at the Waap Entertainment studio which also fostered the careers of Alala Kurosawa, KINGDOM and K*WEST. At Waap, he continued the bukkake-themed Dream Shower series which had been initiated by Kurosawa in 1998, starting with Volume 37 in January 2002. He also became well known for directing two other series at Waap, "Semen by Female Teacher" (ザーメンby女教師) and "The Condominium of the Big Breast Wife" (巨乳マンション).
When the new studio, S1 No. 1 Style, was founded in November 2004, [Jo]Style directed Akane Mochida in her debut video New Face, one of the first set of eleven videos released by the company on November 11, 2004. He continued directing at S1, compiling a record of more than 75 videos for the studio by late 2011.
[Jo]Style was one of 14 directors invited to compete in the 3rd D-1 Climax Awards competition sponsored by the Dogma studio in 2007. His entry was the S&M video Egoistic Love - Blind Woman's Desire To Be Humiliated (Egoistic Love 被虐願望、美しき盲目の女) (D1-309) co-starring Azusa Ito and Nana Saeki. He had also directed a number of videos for Moodyz over the years and at the 2008 Moodyz Awards ceremony, he received the 4th Place Award for Best Director. For the 2008 AV Grand Prix competition he directed the 3-hour video MADONNA BOOTCAMP ELITE [AVGL-025], the nominated entry of the Madonna studio.
Over the course of his career, [Jo]Style has directed a number of notable AV Idols including Akiho Yoshizawa, Kaede Matsushima, Maria Ozawa, Mihiro, Rio, An Nanba, Hotaru Akane, Yuma Asami, Riko Tachibana, Sora Aoi and Nao Oikawa.
# Joseph Gerson

Joseph Gerson is an American peace and disarmament activist. He is president of the Campaign for Peace, Disarmament and Common Security and vice-president of the International Peace Bureau. Since 1976 he has served the American Friends Service Committee as director of the Peace and Economic Security Program.

## Early life and education

Gerson was born in Plainfield, New Jersey. He earned a bachelor of Science in Foreign Service at Georgetown University and received his Doctorate in Politics and International Security Studies from the Union Institute.

## Activism

He started his activism during his years as a student at Georgetown University. He participated on the 1967 March on the Pentagon. He is member of the international Steering committee of the Global Campaign on Military Spending and the No to war – no to NATO Network.
# Sanyaa

Sanya Khuna is a traditional Newari dish from Nepal, made using dried fish. It is a unique type of curry, notable for its gelatinous texture after preparation. This dish is a hallmark of Newar cuisine, particularly originating from the Newar community of the Kathmandu Valley (also known as Nepal Valley).
The preparation begins by soaking dried fish in cold water to rehydrate it. The fish is then cooked with mustard oil, spices, and water in the traditional Newari style. Once the cooking process is complete, the soup-based curry is poured into small bowls and left to cool. It is then stored in a cold place or refrigerated for at least 12 hours. During this time, the soup sets into a jelly-like consistency, which is characteristic of Sanya Khuna.
This dish holds cultural significance and is highly popular within Newar communities, often served during festivals and special occasions.
# Melvin C. Snyder

Melvin Claude Snyder (October 29, 1898 – August 5, 1972) was an American attorney and Republican politician who served as a United States representative from West Virginia. He was a member of the Eightieth Congress.
Born in Albright, Preston County, West Virginia, Snyder attended the public schools. During the First World War, he enlisted in the United States Army and served as a private in 1918. In 1923 he graduated from the West Virginia University Law School at Morgantown, West Virginia and was admitted to the bar the same year. He began his legal practice in Kingwood, West Virginia. He became the mayor of Kingwood in 1926. He served as prosecuting attorney for Preston County from 1929 to 1944.
He returned to the United States Army and served from January 6, 1941, until his discharge as a colonel on January 30, 1946. He then served as the director of Surplus Property for Division of Territories and Island Possessions, Department of Interior. In 1946 he was elected to the House as a Republican. His subsequent election campaigns were unsuccessful in 1948 and 1950.
After leaving the House, he served as a judge, eighteenth judicial circuit court, West Virginia from January 1, 1953, to October 1, 1971. He was a member of the West Virginia Judicial Council and was a president of the West Virginia Judicial Association. He died in Kingwood on August 5, 1972, and was buried in Maplewood Cemetery.
# Tracy Brown-May

Tracy Brown-May (born 1967) is an American politician serving as a member of the Nevada Assembly from the 42nd district. She was appointed to the seat after incumbent Democrat Alexander Assefa resigned.

## Early life and education

Brown-May was born in Holyoke, Massachusetts and raised in Ware, Massachusetts. After graduating from Ware Junior Senior High School, she moved to Las Vegas. Brown-May earned an associate degree in political science and government from the College of Southern Nevada in 2015. She is enrolled as a student at Northeastern University.

## Career

From 1996 to 2001, Brown-May was the employee development manager of Sam's Town Hotel and Gambling Hall. In 2001, she joined Opportunity Village, a non-profit organization for adults with intellectual disabilities, as special assistant to the president and CEO. Since 2017, she has worked as the organization's director of advocacy and government relations chair.
# Malartic (film)

Malartic is a Canadian documentary film, directed by Nicolas Paquet and released in 2024. The film is a portrait of the small mining town of Malartic, Quebec, centring on the extreme contrast between the wealth generated by Osisko Mining's open-pit mine in the town and the relative underdevelopment of the town and impoverishment of its residents.
It is a sequel to his earlier documentary film The Golden Rule (La Regle d'or), which profiled the upheaval wreaked by the original development of the mine, which required part of the town to be relocated.
The film premiered on February 28, 2024, at the Rendez-vous Québec Cinéma. It was subsequently screened at the Festival du cinéma documentaire de Gaspé Vues sur mer, where it won the Prix Caribou, before going into commercial release in April.
Some later screenings were also held as a double feature, alongside The Golden Rule.

## Awards

| Award | Date of ceremony | Category | Recipient(s) | Result | Ref. |
| Prix Iris | December 8, 2024 | Best Sound in a Documentary | Catherine Van Der Donckt, Isabelle Lussier, Richard Saindon, Guillaume Lévesque | Nominated | |
# Apopka Police Department

The Apopka Police Department (APD) is the law enforcement agency for the City of Apopka, Florida. It has 150 sworn officers. The APD has jurisdiction over incorporated parts of the city. Unincorporated parts of the city are served by the Orange County Sheriff's Department. In 2023, the Police Department was allocated US$23.6 million.
The department handles municipal law enforcement and is dispatched to both emergency and non-emergency calls within city limits. The APD also handles code enforcement and cyber safety.
The department has a SWAT team and has an armored vehicle nicknamed Goliath. The APD's SWAT team is part of the Central Florida Metro SWAT, comprising the Apopka Police Department, Winter Park Police Department, Maitand Police, Winter Garden Police Department, and Ocoee Police Department.
Since February 2023, the APD has had a Citizen's Police Academy. Graduates of the 14-week course are part of the Apopka Citizens Police Academy Alumni Association (ACPAAA). The goal of the ACPAAA is to support the mission of the APD and serve as volunteers.
The police department has been noted for a few controversies. In November 2021, a lawsuit was filed against the department for alleged use of excessive force. In May 2022, an APD officer was arrested in connection with the January 6 United States Capitol attack. It was reported that the officer was part of the Proud Boys, a neo-fascist organization. In July 2022, an APD officer was charged with a DUI while being nearly 5 times over the legal limit. The department assisted in the arrest and charging of the officer involved.
# Abalone shriveling syndrome-associated virus

Abalone shriveling syndrome-associated virus was described in 2010 from an abalone which had died from abalone shriveling syndrome.

## Taxonomy

While the ICTV does not include the Abalone shriveling syndrome-associated virus or the Abalone muscle atrophy virus, as of August 13, the NCBI puts it under the Caudoviricetes class as an unclassified virus. Disclaimer: The NCBI taxonomy database is not an authoritative source for nomenclature or classification of viruses.

## Genome

The genome is double stranded circular DNA with 34,952 base pairs and encodes 28 putative open reading frames. The G+C content of the genome is 39.5%. The functions of several of these proteins is known: these include the terminase, endonuclease, exonuclease, resolvase, helicase, primase and single-stranded binding protein. Seven other proteins appear to be structural in nature (head/tail proteins). Another protein encoded by the genome is thymidylate kinase. The remaining proteins have no known homologs and their function remains unknown.

## Virology

The disease caused by this virus was first noted in cultivated abalone in China in 1999. Since then there has been an epidemic of continuous outbreaks of this disease.
The virus is spread in the water. It is released from the dead or dying abalone and ingested by the abalone while feeding.
# Lee Ji-young (swimmer)

Lee Ji-young (also Lee Ji-yeong, Korean: 이 지영; born July 10, 1989) is a South Korean swimmer, who specialized in breaststroke events. She became the first female South Korean in history to train in the United States, and swim for the Peddie Aquatic Association in Hightstown, New Jersey.
As one of South Korea's youngest swimmers, Lee qualified for two swimming events at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, by achieving FINA A-standard entry time of 2:31.32 (200 m breaststroke) from the Dong-A Swimming Tournament in Seoul. In the 100 m breaststroke, Lee challenged seven other swimmers on the third heat, including two-time Olympian İlkay Dikmen of Turkey. She edged out New Zealand's Annabelle Carey to take a seventh spot and thirty-third overall by 0.29 of a second in 1:12.93. In her second event, 200 m breaststroke, Lee placed twenty-fourth overall on the morning's preliminaries. Swimming in the final heat of five, she rounded out a field of seven swimmers to last place in 2:34.55, more than three seconds off her entry time.
# Ion Codreanu

Ion Codreanu (23 June 1891–8 January 1960) was a Romanian major general during World War II.

## Biography

Born in Bălăbănești, he started his education at the elementary school in his native village, and then at the Gheorghe Roșca Codreanu High School in Bârlad, graduating in 1910. Codreanu attended the Military School in Târgoviște from 1910 to 1912, graduating with the rank of second lieutenant, and then fought in the Second Balkan War and in World War I.
He advanced in rank to lieutenant colonel in 1933, and to colonel in 1938. In 1940 he was awarded the Order of the Star of Romania, officer rank. In 1941, he was first the director of the Higher Cavalry Department, then Commanding Officer of the 6th Cavalry Division. He became Head of the Historical Service of the General Staff and following that, the Head of the Royal Military Household in 1942. In March 1943, he was promoted to brigadier general, after which he served as Vice-Chief of the General Staff and then Commander of the Higher War School. Codreanu was Chief of Operations of the General Staff in 1944 and Inspector of Cavalry in 1945. In September 1946 he was promoted to major general, and was appointed General Officer Commanding of the 2nd Corps Area. He went into reserve and retired in 1947.
# Frank Wolf

Frank Wolf may refer to:
* Frank Wolf (adventurer) (born 1970), Canadian environmentalist
* Frank Wolf (politician) (born 1939), U.S. representative
* Frank C. Wolf, member of the Illinois House of Representatives
* Frank N. Wolf (1897–1949), American football and basketball player
# Zener effect

In electronics, the Zener effect (employed most notably in the appropriately named Zener diode) is a type of electrical breakdown, discovered by Clarence Melvin Zener. It occurs in a reverse biased p-n diode when the electric field enables tunneling of electrons from the valence to the conduction band of a semiconductor, leading to numerous free minority carriers which suddenly increase the reverse current.

## Mechanism

Under a high reverse-bias voltage, the p-n junction's depletion region widens which leads to a high-strength electric field across the junction. Sufficiently strong electric fields enable tunneling of electrons across the depletion region of a semiconductor, leading to numerous free charge carriers. This sudden generation of carriers rapidly increases the reverse current and gives rise to the high slope conductance of the Zener diode.

## Relationship to the avalanche effect

The Zener effect is distinct from avalanche breakdown. Avalanche breakdown involves minority carrier electrons in the transition region being accelerated, by the electric field, to energies sufficient for freeing electron-hole pairs via collisions with bound electrons. The Zener and the avalanche effect may occur simultaneously or independently of one another. In general, diode junction breakdowns occurring below 5 volts are caused by the Zener effect, whereas breakdowns occurring above 5 volts are caused by the avalanche effect. Breakdowns occurring at voltages close to 5 V are usually caused by some combination of the two effects. Zener breakdown is found to occur at electric field intensity of about 3×10$^7$ V/m. Zener breakdown occurs in heavily doped junctions (p-type semiconductor moderately doped and n-type heavily doped), which produces a narrow depletion region. The avalanche breakdown occurs in lightly doped junctions, which produce a wider depletion region. Temperature increase in the junction increases the contribution of the Zener effect to breakdown, and decreases the contribution of the avalanche effect.
# (Dance with the) Guitar Man

"(Dance with the) Guitar Man" is a song written by Duane Eddy and Lee Hazlewood and performed by Eddy, featuring vocals by The Blossoms (as The Rebelettes). The song was produced by Lee Hazlewood. It was arranged by Anita Kerr. The song appeared on his 1963 album, Dance with the Guitar Man . It was recorded at the RCA Nashville Sound Studio in Nashville, Tennessee.

## Chart performance

"Dance with the Guitar Man" song reached #4 on the UK Singles Chart, #2 in Canada, #12 on the Billboard Hot 100, and #3 in Norway in 1962.

## Other Versions

* The Tremeloes released a version of the song in 1963.
# Leroy M. Zimmerman

Leroy M. Zimmerman (December 27, 1932 – December 6, 2002), was a Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. He attended Terre Hill High School. He was first elected to represent the 99th legislative district in 1994, a position he held until his death in 2002. In 2005, a four-year-old bridge over the Conestoga River on U.S. Route 322 was renamed in honor of Zimmerman.
# Kim So-hee (taekwondo, born 1992)

Kim So-hee (born 28 July 1992) is a South Korean taekwondo practitioner.
She won a gold medal in featherweight at the 2013 World Taekwondo Championships in Puebla, by defeating Anna-Lena Frömming in the semifinal, and Mayu Hamada in the final. She won a bronze medal in lightweight at the 2017 World Taekwondo Championships, being defeated in the semifinal by eventual gold medalist Ruth Gbagbi.