# Aladdin (Nielsen)

Aladdin, or the Wonderful Lamp (in Danish: Aladdin, eller Den forunderlige Lampe; typically shortened to just Aladdin), Op. 34 (FS 89; CNW 17), is theatre music for soloists, mixed choir, and orchestra written from 1917 to 1919 by the Danish composer Carl Nielsen to accompany the Danish playwright Adam Oehlenschläger's 1805 "dramatic fairy tale" ("dramatisk eventyr") of the same name. The play is a five-act retelling of the "Aladdin" story from the Middle Eastern folklore anthology, One Thousand and One Nights.
The play, albeit divided into two parts, received its premiere at the Royal Danish Theatre in Copenhagen, respectively on 15 February and 22 February 1919; Ferdinand Hemme conducted the Royal Danish Orchestra. For each act, Nielsen provided extensive original music, and the complete score is the composer's third longest work, exceeded only by to his operas, Saul and David (Saul og David; 1902) and Maskarade (1905).

## Background

Nielsen composed much of the music in Skagen during the summer of 1918, completing it after returning to Copenhagen in January 1919. He experienced major difficulties with the work as the director, Johannes Poulsen, had used the orchestra pit for an extended stage, leaving the orchestra cramped below a majestic staircase on the set. When Poulsen cut out large parts of the music during final rehearsals and changed the sequence of dances, Nielsen demanded that his name be removed from the posters and the programme. In fact, the theatre production in February 1919 was not very successful and was withdrawn after only 15 performances.

## Music
### Complete score

The complete score, lasting over 80 minutes, is Nielsen's longest work apart from his operas. Demonstrating great inventiveness, Nielsen's enriched style can be observed in the musical language he used for the exotic dances, paving the way for his Fifth Symphony. In May 1992 a recording of virtually the entire score was made by the Danish Radio Symphony Orchestra and Chamber Choir with Gennady Rozhdestvensky.

### Aladdin suite

Nielsen frequently conducted extracts from Aladdin to great popular acclaim both in Denmark and abroad. The music was successfully presented at London’s Queen's Hall on 22 June 1923 and at 12 performances of Aladdin at the Deutsches Schauspielhaus in Hamburg in November and December 1929. Nielsen had been scheduled to conduct extracts with the Radio Symphony Orchestra on 1 October 1931 when he suffered a major heart attack. Lying on a hospital bed, he was nevertheless able to listen to the Oriental March, Hindu Dance and Negro Dance on a crystal set before he died the following day. The extracts were published in 1940 as the Aladdin suite. Its seven parts are:
* Oriental Festival March
* Aladdin's Dream/Dance of the Morning Mist
* Hindu Dance
* Chinese Dance
* The Marketplace in Isphahan
* Dance of the Prisoners
* Negro Dance
A transcription for piano of the Oriental Festival March was published by Borup's Musikforlag in Copenhagen in 1926. On the basis of information from the Carl Nielsen Society, the Aladdin Suite is currently one of Nielsen's most widely performed works.

### Three songs

Nielsen published Aladdin, three songs from the play by A. Oehlenschlæger in 1919 as his Opus 34. The songs are:
* Cithar, lad min Bøn dig røre
* Visselulle nu, Barnlil!
* Alt Maanen oprejst staar

## Discography

The table below lists commercially available recordings of the complete Aladdin Suite:
| No. | Conductor | Ensemble | Rec. | Time | Recording venue | Label |
| 1 | Myung-Whun Chung | Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra (1) | 1983 | 21:27 | Gothenburg Concert Hall | BIS |
| 2 | Tamás Vetö | Odense Symphony Orchestra | 1985 | 25:18 | Odense Concert Hall [da] | Unicorn-Kanchana |
| 3 | Esa-Pekka Salonen | Swedish Radio Symphony Orchestra | 1989 | 23:11 | Berwald Hall | CBS Masterworks |
| 4 | Herbert Blomstedt | San Francisco Symphony | 1989 | 25:01 | Davies Symphony Hall | Decca |
| 5 | Neeme Järvi | Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra (2) | 1995 | 23:18 | Gothenburg Concert Hall | Deutsche Grammophon |
| 6 | Niklas Willén | South Jutland Symphony Orchestra [da] | 2002 | 24:55 | Musikhuset, Sønderborg | Naxos |
| 7 | Douglas Bostock | Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra | 2003 | 26:02 | Philharmonic Hall, Liverpool | Classico |
| 8 | Lance Friedel | Aarhus Symphony Orchestra (1) | 2004 | 24:16 | Frichsparker, Aarhus | MSR Classics |
| 9 | Dorrit Matson | New York Scandia Symphony | 2005 | 25:56 | Trinity Church | Centaur |
| 10 | Paavo Järvi | Philharmonia Orchestra | 2016 | 26:35 | Henry Wood Hall, London | Signum Classics |
| 11 | Debashish Chaudhuri | Karlovy Vary Symphony Orchestra | ? | ? | ArcoDiva Studio | ArcoDiva |
| 12 | Ensemble Midtvest | Ensemble Midtvest | 2018 | 27:19 (Excerpts, Arr. M.O. Jones) | Den Jyske Sangskole, Herning, Denmark | First Hand Records |