OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pattern theory

Pattern theory, formulated by Ulf Grenander, is a mathematical formalism to describe knowledge of the world as patterns. It differs from other approaches to artificial intelligence in that it does not begin by prescribing algorithms and machinery to recognize and classify patterns; rather, it prescribes a vocabulary to articulate and recast the pattern concepts in precise language. Broad in its mathematical coverage, Pattern Theory spans algebra and statistics, as well as local topological and global entropic properties.
In addition to the new algebraic vocabulary, its statistical approach is novel in its aim to:
* Identify the hidden variables of a data set using real world data rather than artificial stimuli, which was previously commonplace.
* Formulate prior distributions for hidden variables and models for the observed variables that form the vertices of a Gibbs-like graph.
* Study the randomness and variability of these graphs.
* Create the basic classes of stochastic models applied by listing the deformations of the patterns.
* Synthesize (sample) from the models, not just analyze signals with them.
The Brown University Pattern Theory Group was formed in 1972 by Ulf Grenander. Many mathematicians are currently working in this group, noteworthy among them being the Fields Medalist David Mumford. Mumford regards Grenander as his "guru" in Pattern Theory.
# Wojszki, Białystok County

Wojszki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Juchnowiec Kościelny, within Białystok County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) south-east of Juchnowiec Kościelny and 21 km (13 mi) south of the regional capital Białystok.
# The Blagger's Guide

The Blagger's Guide is a British series of comical documentaries on specific music genres, originally broadcast on BBC Radio 2. Not all the information presented in the programme are facts. Some items have been exaggerated for comic effect. The series works on a monologue style, with clips of music inserted for illustrational purposes.
It is presented as a spoof documentary and therefore there is no laugh track. The series originally ran from 20 August 2005 – 24 April 2009. The 2012 series looked at the 2012 Olympics and in late 2012 there followed specials on The Beatles and James Bond.
The first two series focused on rock and pop music, and the third featured classical music. A live jazz special was recorded in 2010. Doctor Who special was recorded in 2013. Eurovision special was recorded in 2014.
The series is narrated by David Quantick, who co-wrote the series with Simon Poole. It also featured Lewis MacLeod and Kate O'Sullivan.
# James Bizzle

James Garfield Bizzle (March 9, 1920 – July 23, 1987) was an American baseball left fielder in the Negro leagues. He played with the Birmingham Black Barons in 1947.
# Utetheisa varians

Utetheisa varians is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1854. It is found in China (Guangxi, Yunnan, Hainan), eastern and northern India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar and Indochina.
# Beningbrough railway station

Beningbrough railway station was on the East Coast Main Line that served the village of Beningbrough, North Yorkshire, England from 1841 to 1965.

## History

The station was opened as Shipton on 31 March 1841 by the Great North of England Railway. The station's name was changed to Beningbrough on 1 December 1898. It was closed to passengers on 15 September 1958 and closed to goods traffic in 1965. A fragment of the southbound platform remains.
# Dioscorides (disambiguation)

Pedanius Dioscorides (c. AD 40–90) was a Greek physician, pharmacologist, and botanist.
Dioscorides or Dioscurides may also refer to:
* Dioscurides (nephew of Antigonus I) (fl. 314–313 BC), admiral during the Wars of the Diadochi
* Dioscorides (Stoic) (fl. 225 BC), Stoic philosopher
* Dioscorides (poet) (3rd century BC), Hellenistic epigrammatist
* Dioscurides (gem cutter) (1st century AD), Roman lapidarist
# Icing (game)

Icing is a drinking game and Internet meme that gained prominence in 2010 in which one person conceals a bottle of Smirnoff Ice in a place in which another person will find it. Once found, they are immediately required to kneel and drink. Participants are encouraged to come up with elaborate ways to present the Smirnoff Ice to their targets by hiding bottles or cans in inconspicuous locations, or in situations where drinking it would be dangerous or embarrassing (e.g. before they attend a meeting).

## Gameplay

A player hides a bottle for another person to come across. When the iced person sees the bottle, they must chug the entire Ice. Other players who see the icer hide the Ice are exempt from drinking the ice. If the first person to touch the ice (the 'iced') fails to drink the whole bottle, the iced person cannot ice someone else.
If the iced person calls out the location of the bottle before seeing it touching it, the Ice is blocked and can be reversed.
An Ice block occurs when the iced is already carrying a bottle/can of Ice on their person, or is in reach of one without taking a step. If this happens, the icer (challenger) must drop and chug both Ices, the original presented Ice and the new blocking Ice.
Whereas in the United States and Canada "icing" is usually done with smaller 11.2 fl. oz (331 mL) bottles, icing in Europe, particularly among students, is more commonly done with full-size 0.7 liter bottles. These bottles contain more than 2 times the volume and, at 4% ABV, are nearly as strong as their small counterparts (4.5% ABV). This in turn presents a higher danger of drinking to excess.

## Popularity

Icing, which was described by The New York Times in June 2010 as "the nation's biggest viral drinking game", grew in popularity shortly after the appearance of the website BrosIcingBros.com in May 2010.
There has been some doubt over whether this is an organic phenomenon, or a marketing stunt by Smirnoff, which the company has denied. Advertising executive Dick Martin said "Beyond the implicit slur on the beverage's taste, I doubt any alcoholic beverage company would want to be associated with a drinking game that stretches the boundaries of good taste and common sense like this one does". The viral spread of the game has seen a boost in sales for the company. Smirnoff insists that the game is "consumer-generated" and has reminded the public to drink responsibly, and Diageo, the product's maker, stated "that 'icing' does not comply with our marketing code, and was not created or promoted by Diageo, Smirnoff Ice, or anyone associated with Diageo."
In the UK the trend has been criticised by some due to the low alcohol content of Smirnoff Ice. The media outlet Lad Bible described the trend as "Neither exciting (nor) impressive to those accustomed to Britain's drinking culture" and other readers described the beverage as a "children's drink".
# Clarence Moore (baseball)

Clarence Lee Moore (January 3, 1908 – November 17, 1992), nicknamed "Cool Breeze", was an American Negro league first baseman in the 1920s.
A native of Eldorado, Arkansas, Moore attended Shaw University and North Carolina A & T State University, and played for the Bacharach Giants in 1928. He died in Asheville, North Carolina in 1992 at age 84.
# Brandon Colliery railway station

Brandon Colliery railway station served the village of Brandon, County Durham, England from 1861 to 1964 on the Durham to Bishop Auckland Line.

## History

The station opened as Brandon Siding in July 1861 by the North Eastern Railway. It was situated on the west side of Station Road. The station's name was changed to Brandon Colliery after a full service was introduced on 1 March 1878. The station gets its name from the nearby Brandon Colliery which closed in 1968. The station itself closed to passengers on 4 May 1964 and to goods traffic on 10 August 1964.
# Tobin Lake, Saskatchewan

Tobin Lake (2016 population: 89) is a resort village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 14. It is on the shores of Tobin Lake in the Rural Municipality of Moose Range No. 486. It is approximately 34 km (21 mi) northeast of Nipawin at the end of Highway 255, which is accessed via Highway 55.

## History

Tobin Lake incorporated as a resort village on August 1, 1973.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Tobin Lake had a population of 139 living in 72 of its 186 total private dwellings, a change of 56.2% from its 2016 population of 89. With a land area of 2.29 km$^2$ (0.88 sq mi), it had a population density of 60.7/km$^2$ (157.2/sq mi) in 2021.
In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Resort Village of Tobin Lake recorded a population of 89 living in 40 of its 142 total private dwellings, a -1.1% change from its 2011 population of 90. With a land area of 1.81 km$^2$ (0.70 sq mi), it had a population density of 49.2/km$^2$ (127.4/sq mi) in 2016.

## Government

The Resort Village of Tobin Lake is governed by an elected municipal council and an appointed Administrator that meets on the second Tuesday of every month. The mayor is Darren Opp and the Administrator is Nathalie Hipkins.
# Carville railway station

Carville was a railway station on the Riverside Branch, which ran between Byker and Willington Quay. The station served Wallsend in North Tyneside.
The station was opened to passengers on 1 August 1891 by the North Eastern Railway. It was situated near to the junction of Hadrian Road and Park Road.
Despite the station's close proximity to nearby Wallsend, Carville was the busiest station on the Riverside Branch prior to the line's closure.

## History

The Newcastle-upon-Tyne and North Shields Railway Act 1836 (6 & 7 Will. 4. c. lxxvi) received royal assent on 21 June 1836, with the line opening between Carliol Square and North Shields on 18 June 1839. It ran along the north bank of the River Tyne, although due to the meandering course of the river, it ran some distance from the shoreline at the eastern end.
The branch line, which was designed to more closely follow the shoreline of the Tyne, serving the rapidly developing industries and communities, was authorised in 1871. It was built along a route "that consisted for the most part of tunnels, bridges, cuttings, retaining-walls, and embankments".
The branch line opened on 1 May 1879. The delay in opening the line reflected the scale of the engineering works required to build the many tunnels, cuttings and retaining walls. Despite being a loop line, the line was officially known as the Riverside Branch.
In the early 1900s, tramway competition caused a rapid decline in the number of passengers using the North Eastern Railway's local services in North Tyneside. Therefore, in 1904, the branch line was electrified, using a 600 V DC third-rail system.

## Demise and closure

Between 1909 and 1948, an hourly all-day service ran on the line. In the late 1940s, passenger services on the branch were reduced to peak hours only, catering primarily for commuter traffic from the shipyards along the River Tyne.
The station's goods facilities, which contained a siding which served two brickworks, a steam turbine works, shipyards and a power station that supplied electricity for the Tyneside Electrics network, closed on 11 July 1966.
Along with the rest of the electric network in North Tyneside, the line was de-electrified in 1967, and converted to diesel multiple unit operation. By the early 1970s, traffic on the line had dwindled.
The last passenger train operated from Carville on 20 July 1973, with the branch line officially closing to passengers three days later. The station was, in part, replaced by Hadrian Road on the Tyne and Wear Metro network, which opened on 14 November 1982.
# Dick Jackson (baseball)

Richard Alvin Jackson Jr. (April 8, 1897 – October 3, 1939), nicknamed "Workie", was an American Negro league second baseman from 1921 to 1931.
A native of Greenville, South Carolina, Jackson made his Negro leagues debut in 1921 for the Bacharach Giants. He played for the club again the following season, then spent four seasons with the Harrisburg Giants. Jackson went on to play for the Baltimore Black Sox from 1926 to 1928, then spent two seasons with the Hilldale Club before finishing his career back with Baltimore in 1931. He died in Greenville in 1939 at age 42.
# Croxdale railway station

Croxdale railway station served the village of Croxdale, County Durham, England from 1872 to 1938 on the East Coast Main Line.

## History

The station was opened in May 1872 by the North Eastern Railway. It closed on 26 September 1938 to both passengers and goods traffic.
# Tom Finley

John Thomas Finley (August 14, 1903 – September 5, 1933) was an American Negro league third baseman in the 1920s and 1930s.
A native of St. Augustine, Florida, Finley made his Negro leagues debut in 1922 with the Bacharach Giants. He went on to play for several teams, including the Lincoln Giants and Brooklyn Royal Giants, and finished his career in 1933 with the Philadelphia Stars. Finley died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1933 at age 30.
# Darley railway station

Darley railway station served the village of Darley, North Yorkshire, England from 1864 to 1951 on the Nidd Valley Railway.

## History

The station was opened in February 1864 by the North Eastern Railway. The residents of Darley had asked that a station be provided while the line was under construction in 1861, and the NER offered to contribute to the cost of a road from the village if the inhabitants could provide the land. The station was situated west of Birstwith and east of Dacre station. The last passenger train ran on 31 March 1951, with official closure on 2 April 1951. The line stayed open until 1964 although the station closed to goods traffic in 1953.
The station consisted of a single platform without a passing loop, a four-bedroom stone house for the station master and his family, with an adjoining booking office and waiting room. For some reason the design of the station was far simpler than the buildings designed by the NER Architect Thomas Prosser for Ripley, Birstwith, Dacre and Pateley Bridge. At a later date a separate ladies' waiting room and WC, and an outside gents' urinal and WC, were added at the Pateley Bridge end of the buildings. There were two small timber buildings on the platform: a lamp room, and a goods warehouse, essentially a lock-up shed. In the yard were two sidings, reached via a single connection from the main running line. A small three-sided timber shelter on the platform provided cover for the 6-lever signal frame, which operated the connection to the goods yard and the running signals. There was a 5-ton hand crane and a short timber loading stage, but no facilities for coal (unlike many NER stations). There was also a platelayers' hut and a wash house for the station master and family. At the exit from the yard there was a stone-built weigh house with a 12-ton weighing machine. At the Birstwith end of the yard was a pair of brick semi-detached cottages of a standard NER design.
# Elswick railway station

Elswick railway station was a railway station in the Elswick area of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. It was located on the former route of the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway from Newcastle upon Tyne to Carlisle. The station opened in 1889 and closed in 1967.

## History

J and W Simpson of North Shields began construction in 1888. The station opened on 2 September 1889 and was located on the south side of Scotswood Road, about 100 yards east of the junction with William Armstrong Drive. It was built at the western end of Armstrong's huge Elswick Works site, its workforce (exceeding 11,000 by 1900) providing a significant proportion of the station's traffic. By 1889 the operating company was the North Eastern Railway which had absorbed the Newcastle and Carlisle in July 1862. The North Eastern Railway from about 1875 until the early-20th century built a number of stations with island platforms and/or over-track station buildings, and Elswick had both features. Its 25 ft-wide island platform had a lengthy glazed awning supported by iron columns and spandrels with the Star of David motif – as at Heaton (1887). The timber-built offices were above the up line. In 1895 Elswick issued more tickets than other Carlisle line intermediate stations, except Blaydon.
In June 1962, the awnings and over-track building were demolished. The station closed on 2 January 1967, and the platform was swiftly demolished. Track realignment removed all trace of the station.
On 4 October 1982 passenger services ceased to use the Newcastle – Scotswood – Blaydon route. Trains were diverted from Newcastle West Junction over King Edward Bridge, then via Norwood Junction and Dunston to Blaydon. Tracks were removed from Scotswood Bridge and eastward beyond Elswick, leaving only a one-mile siding from Newcastle.

## Accident

In September 1909 a derailment occurred about 500 yards (460 m) east of Elswick station. NER 4-6-0 No. 2115 collided with Elswick No 9, an Industrial 0-4-0 outside cylinder Hunslet 0-4-0ST HL2106 of 1888. 2115 was derailed, overturned, and fell down below the main line killing one of the footplate crew, John Shilladay. Shilladay (or Shilliday, or Shillady, spelling was rather arbitrary in those days) was born in 1872 at Carlisle the son of a railway passenger guard. His father was Irish and his mother Scottish, he had 9 brothers and sisters. By 1891 he was a railway fireman at Carlisle and by 1901 had been married, had 3 children and moved to Gateshead as a fireman. When he was killed at Elswick in 1909 he left a son and 4 daughters.
# Maurice Busby

Maurice Busby (March 31, 1892 – November 3, 1945) was an American baseball pitcher in the Negro leagues. He played with the Bacharach Giants, All Cubans, and Baltimore Black Sox in 1921 and 1922. His brother Jim Busby played with the Indianapolis ABCs/Detroit Stars in 1933.
# Fallodon railway station

Fallodon railway station was a private railway station built for Sir George Grey at Fallodon Hall, Northumberland, England from 1847 to 1934 on the East Coast Main Line.

## History

The station was opened on 1 July 1847 by the York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway. To help ensure the support of the Grey family, whose land was being crossed, the railway company provided a private station for their exclusive use. Sir George, his son George Henry, and grandson Sir Edward Grey all made use of station, generally for travel to and from London and York. The station was situated on the north side of the level crossing on the lane branching off the B1340 a short distance northeast of Christon Bank village. Newcastle architect Benjamin Green designed the stations on the line, with Fallodon being a diminutive version of the larger buildings, some of which still stand, such as nearby Christon Bank. After the death of Sir Edward (later Viscount) Grey in 1933, the London & North Eastern Railway bought out the right to stop trains from Grey's nephew Cecil Graves, who had inherited the estate, and the station closed completely on 30 May 1934. The railway workers planted a copper beech tree in memory of Grey. The station was demolished in the mid 60s. Although the platforms and buildings were removed, the forecourt of the old station building still remains with a short section of the wall.
# Nikolai Mukho

Nikolai Antonovich Mukho (Russian: Никола́й Анто́нович Мухо́; December 6, 1913 – August 6, 1986) was a Soviet, Russian painter who lived and worked in Leningrad, and was regarded as a representative of the Leningrad school of painting. He was best known for his portraits.

## Biography

Mukho was born December 6, 1913, in Kronstadt, a seaport on Kotlin Island, 30 kilometers west of Saint Petersburg near the head of the Gulf of Finland.
From 1934–1940, he studied at Tavricheskaya Art School in Leningrad. After graduating in 1940, he entered the painting department of the Leningrad Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture.
In August 1941, he was drafted into the Red Army and served in World War II, participating in the defense of Leningrad. After being wounded and demobilized in late 1943, he returned to the institute, where he studied with Mikhail Bernshtein, Semion Abugov, Alexander Zaytsev, Genrikh Pavlovsky, and Gleb Savinov.
In 1950 graduated from the institute. His graduation work was a genre painting, "The Leningrad Metro", dedicated to the builders of Leningrad's subway (whose first stations were opened in 1950).
From 1951 on, Mukho participated in art exhibitions, creating portraits, genre and historical compositions, seascapes, landscapes, and sketches from his life. In 1957 he was admitted to the Leningrad Union of Artists. He has a solo exhibition in Leningrad in 1989.
Mukho's work often portrayed the sea and the life of coastal cities. He worked in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Murmansk, Sevastopol, Kronstadt, on the Northern Dvina. His work is distinguished by decorative, bright saturated colors, solid vigorously.
Mukho died on August 6, 1986, in Leningrad. His paintings are in art museums and private collections in Russia, France, England, the United States, Japan, and other countries.
# Forest Hall railway station

Forest Hall was a railway station that served the village of Forest Hall in the borough of North Tyneside, Tyne and Wear, England. It was located on the East Coast Main Line and was open from 1856 to 1958. It was originally known as Benton.
It should not be confused with the short-lived Forest Hall railway station on the Blyth and Tyne Railway, which opened in 1864 and closed in 1871.

## History

The station was opened as Benton in February 1856 by the North Eastern Railway. It was situated north of the level crossing behind 'The Flying Scotsman' public house. There were no goods sidings at Forest Hall but the RCH Handbook of Sidings indicates that goods traffic was handled at the station, which may have been small items that could have been dealt with at the passenger platforms.
On 1 December 1874, the station's name was changed to Forest Hall to avoid confusion with the Benton station on the Blyth and Tyne Railway, which had been acquired by the North Eastern Railway in that year. In 1951, only 1,928 tickets were sold in the year; less than 6 a day. This inevitably lead to the closure of the station on 15 September 1958 to both passengers and goods traffic.
# Michael Morley (politician)

Michael T. Morley is an American politician from the state of Utah. A member of the Republican Party, he served in the Utah House of Representatives. He did not seek reelection in 2012.
Born in Price, Utah, Morley resides in Spanish Fork, Utah. He and his wife, Krystin, have nine children.
# The Beach at Night

The Beach at Night is a children's novel written by Italian writer Elena Ferrante.

## Plot

Doll Celine is forgotten at the beach and has to fend for herself at night. The Mean Beach Attendant of Sunset attempts to steal all her words, the Fire tries to burn her, and the Sea refuses to answer her prayers. Above all, she is sad to have been left behind by her mamma, the little girl Mati, who forgot her when she got a new kitten. She has an eventful evening, but when the sun rises, Celine will finally be able to see everything a little more clearly.

## Reception

The novel was well received by critics, who praised its dark tone. According to Alex O’Connell, writing for The Times, it has a "complex girl-doll heroine", In the Sydney Morning Herald, the novel was called an "unnerving little gem."
According to The New York Times, the short novel follows a European tradition of dark fairy tales being present to young children, and the book had been classified by its US publisher as an adult book. They also argue that the translation of the book includes an expletive, instead of a more child-appropriate word found in the original. Nora Krug, writing for the Washington Post, notices that the book deals with difficult topics: abandonment, jealousy, death by drowning and fire, but also that "Celina's tale is powerfully told and complex".