OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cliff Manahan

Clifford Ross "Cliff" Manahan (October 11, 1888 – March 20, 1970) was a Canadian curler from Edmonton, Alberta.
Manahan was born and raised in Fort William, Ontario (later Thunder Bay) and moved to Edmonton in 1926. He won eight provincial titles and won two Briers- in 1933 and 1937. He was inducted into the Alberta Sports Hall of Fame in 1966.
Manahan (and teammates Harold Deeton, Harold L. "Hank" Wolfe and I. H. "Bert" Ross) won his first provincial title in 1933 and won the Brier as well that year, posting a 6-1 record. He made his second Brier in 1937 (with teammates Wes Robinson, Ross Manahan and Lloyd McIntyre), winning it again by defeating Manitoba in a tie breaker, posting a 9-1 record.
Manahan was runner up the following year, losing his only match to the eventual winners in Manitoba, skipped by Ab Gowanlock. He made it to the Brier again in 1940, finishing with a 6-3 record. He won three provincial titles in a row from 1943 to 1945, but there was no Brier held those years due to World War II. He made his last Brier in 1950, placing third with a 6-4 record.
He was inducted into the Canadian Curling Hall of Fame in 1975.

## Personal life

Manahan began work with the Board of Grain Commissioners in 1905, and later became the Grain chairman of the Appeal Tribunal for the Board of Grain Commissioners. He retired in 1955. He was twice married. First to Elizabeth Mary Jones from 1913 until her death in 1949 and then to He married Mary Watson Eckert (née McAndrew) in 1951. He had seven children with his first wife.
# Guy Palumbo

Guy F. Palumbo (born 1973) is an American politician and businessman who served in the Washington State Senate representing the 1st district. He resigned in May 2019 to take a position as a senior manager with Amazon. He was succeeded by Derek Stanford.
# MtDNA control region

The mtDNA control region is an area of the mitochondrial genome which is non-coding DNA. This region controls RNA and DNA synthesis. It is the most polymorphic region of the human mtDNA genome, with polymorphism concentrated in hypervariable regions. The average nucleotide diversity in these regions is 1.7%. Despite this variability, an RNA transcript ("structure A") from this region has a conserved secondary structure (pictured) which has been found to be under selective pressure. There are 12 other secondary structures (structures B through M) in the human mtDNA control region with differing amounts of conservation.
The mtDNA control region contains the origin of replication of one strand, and the origin of transcription for both strands.

## Distinction from D-loop

The control region and mtDNA D-loop are sometimes used synonymously in the literature; specifically the control region includes the D-loop along with adjacent transcription promoter regions. For this reason, the control region is also known by the acronym DLP, standing for D-Loop and associated Promoters.
D-loop means "displacement loop" and, in the context of mtDNA, specifically refers to a third strand that occurs as a copy of the heavy chain inside the NCR. Replication of mtDNA starts inside the D-loop. The single displaced strand is also called 7S DNA. The primer used for 7S DNA synthesis is called 7S RNA.

## Endurance study

mtDNA control region haplotypes have been linked with endurance capacity in human subjects. A 2002 study sequenced the control region of 55 subjects and compared their haplotype with the increase in VO$_2$ max after an eight-week training program. They found that different haplotypes were significantly linked with the subjects' endurance. It was speculated that this was because the control region affects replication and transcription in the mitochondria.
# Andrew J. Colvin

Andrew James Colvin (April 30, 1808 in Coeymans, Albany County, New York – July 8, 1889 in Albany, New York) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.

## Life

He was the son of James Colvin (1776–1846) and Catherine Huyck (Verplanck) Colvin (1778–1882). He attended The Albany Academy. Then he studied law in the office of Van Buren & Butler, was admitted to the bar, and practiced in Albany. He married Rosina M. Alling (1810–1843), and they had two children.
He was Corporation Counsel of Albany in 1842. On September 2, 1845, he married Margaret Crane Alling (1812–1900), a sister of his first wife, and their son was Verplanck Colvin (1847–1920), the ideator of the New York Forest Preserve.
Andrew J. Colvin was District Attorney of Albany County from 1846 to 1847, and from 1851 to 1853; and a member of the New York State Senate (13th D.) in 1860 and 1861.
He was buried at the Grove Cemetery in Coeymans.
Assemblyman John Colvin (1752–1814) was his grandfather.

## Sources

* The New York Civil List compiled by Franklin Benjamin Hough, Stephen C. Hutchins and Edgar Albert Werner (1867; pg. 358, 442 and 529)
* Biographical Sketches of the State Officers and Members of the Legislature of the State of New York by William D. Murphy (1861; pg. 42ff)
* Colvin genealogy at Schenectady History
* Grove Cemetery records at Betty Fink
* OBITUARY; ANDREW J. COLVIN in NYT on July 21, 1889
# Yohanan Moyal

Yohanan Moyal ("Johnny"; יוחנן מויאל; born October 2, 1965) is an Israeli former Olympic gymnast.

## Early life

He was born in Israel, and is Jewish. His mother, a ballerina, was a Holocaust survivor. He attended the University of Oregon where he competed in gymnastics, and Louisiana State University, where he was an All American in gymnastics.

## Gymnastics career

He competed for Israel at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California, when he was 18 years old. In the Men's Individual All-Around he came in 67th, in the Men's Floor Exercise he came in tied for 70th, in the Men's Horse Vault he came in tied for 68th, in the Men's Parallel Bars he came in 63rd, in the Men's Horizontal Bar he came in 65th, in the Men's Rings he came in 62nd, and in the Men's Pommel Horse he came in 64th. When he competed in the Olympics he was 5-4.5 (164 cm) tall and weighed 132 lbs (60 kg).

## Coaching career

Moyal founded Elite Gymnastics Academy in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, in 1987 where he is the owner and coach. Among those whom he had coached is Carly Patterson, the 2004 Olympic all-around champion and a member of the USA Gymnastics Hall of Fame.
# Gleinalm Tunnel

The Gleinalm Tunnel (German: Gleinalmtunnel) is a highway tunnel in Styria, Austria. It lies along the Pyhrn Autobahn and it is 8320 m long. It connects the district of Leoben with the district Graz-Umgebung. It was opened on 1978.
The tunnel was in part built as an alternative route from Graz to the Murau District and the Murtal district, shortening the trip by about 20 minutes.
Currently the tunnel has only one tube with oncoming traffic. The speed limit is 80 km/h and it has a toll of 10 euro.
A second tube is under construction since 21 September 2013. The whole project will cost about 299 million euro. The new tube was opened on 21 July 2017: both tunnels will be in service until September 2017, after which the old tube will be closed for renovation. Both tubes will definitively open in 2019 according to the project plan.
# Szelment

Szelment (; Lithuanian: Šelmentas,) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Szypliszki, within Suwałki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Lithuania. Szelment is located 15 km north of Suwałki. It is also home to a 1000m cable car line, the second-longest in Poland. It is located 6.0 km from the nearest city in Lithuania, Salaperaugis.
# Harold I. Panken

Harold Ira Panken (July 17, 1910 – March 1999) was an American lawyer and State Senator from New York.

## Life

He was born on July 17, 1910, in Manhattan, New York City, the son of Abraham Panken (born 1878). He attended the public schools and high schools. He graduated B.Sc. from New York University; and J.D. from New York University School of Law. He practiced law in New York City. In 1934, he married Sylvia, and they had three sons, Peter, Bruce, and Jeffery.
Panken was a member of the New York State Senate (21st D.) from 1947 to 1952, sitting in the 166th, 167th and 168th New York State Legislatures. In August 1952, he ran for re-election in the Democratic primary with the backing of Tammany Hall, but was defeated by Julius A. Archibald.
He died in March 1999.

## Sources

* ↑ New York Red Book (1949; pg. 105)
* ↑ TWO REPUBLICANS LOSE ON RECANVASS in the New York Times on November 15, 1946 (subscription required)
* ↑ N.Y. Demos Nominate Archibald in The Washington Afro-American, of Washington, D.C., on August 26, 1952
* ↑ Deaths; PANKEN, HAROLD IRA in the New York Times on March 6, 1999
New York State Senate :
| Preceded byGordon I. Novod | New York State Senate 21st District 1949–1952 | Succeeded byJulius A. Archibald |
# Robert Watson Pomeroy

Robert Watson Pomeroy (June 21, 1902 – January 4, 1989) was an American businessman and politician from New York.

## Early life

He was born on June 21, 1902, in Buffalo, New York, the son of Robert Watson Pomeroy, Sr. (1868–1935), a Yale graduate who was an industrialist and financier in Buffalo and New York, and Lucy (née Bemis) Pomeroy (1869–1958), a former president of the Palmetto Garden Club. He attended the Hotchkiss School. He graduated with a Ph.B. from Yale University in 1924.
His paternal grandparents were Elizabeth (née Watson) Pomeroy, and Congressman Theodore M. Pomeroy (1824–1905) who served as the 26th Speaker of the House following Schuyler Colfax and was a close friend of U.S. Secretary of State (under Lincoln) William H. Seward.

## Career

After graduating from Yale, he engaged in the management of investments. During World War II he served in the U.S. Army, attaining the rank of captain. After the war he entered politics as a Republican.
Pomeroy was a member of the New York State Assembly (Dutchess Co.) from 1948 to 1964, sitting in the 166th, 167th, 168th, 169th, 170th, 171st, 172nd, 173rd and 174th New York State Legislatures. He was a leading conservationist, and was Chairman of the Joint Legislative Committee on Natural Resources from 1959 to 1965.
He was a member of the New York State Senate in 1965 and 1966; and a delegate to the New York State Constitutional Convention of 1967.

## Personal life

In 1930, he married Estelle Condit Bassett (1907–1988), the daughter of Carroll Phillips Bassett and Margaret (née Condit) Bassett. Together, they were the parents of two children:
* Marnie Pomeroy (b. 1932), a Sarah Lawrence College graduate who moved to Ottawa, Canada and co-founded The Ladysmith Press.
* Robert Watson Pomeroy III (b. 1935)
He died on January 4, 1989, at his home in Millbrook, New York, of heart failure; and was buried at St. Peter's Episcopal Cemetery in Lithgow.
# Balconies (book series)

Balconies is a literary project by the Palestinian novelist and poet Ibrahim Nasrallah. The project parallels his Palestinian comedy. So far, the project consists of five novels, each novel standing on its own. Some of the novels were translated into English, and some of the novels were longlisted for the International Prize for Arabic Fiction, also known as the “Poker” prize.

## Books in The Series Chronologically

* Balcony of Delirium, 2005. It was translated into English.
* Balcony of Snow Man, 2009.
* Balcony of Disgrace, 2010.
* Balcony of Abyss, 2013. It was longlisted for the International Prize for Arabic Fiction in 2014.
* Balcony of Paradise, 2014.

## About The Series

Contrary to Nasrallah's ‘Palestinian Comedy’, “Balconies” is a literary project whose goal is to establish realistic examples. Ibrahim Nasrallah was prepared to recreate absurdism once more when the first novel in the series – Balcony of Delirium – was published. Moreover, Nasrallah provides endless suggestions– in this series and in his other novels – related to the structure of the novel. He also dives into the world of Arabs with depth and boldness.
Dr. Muhammad Abdul Kadir says that whilst Nasrallah's “Palestinian Comedy” projects records the Palestinian experience in all its stages. “Balconies” records the Arab experience in all its nauseating troubles. Whilst the tragic-comic aspect is what sets his comedy apart, the surreal, fantastic, and absurdist aspects are what set his “Balconies” series apart.
Ibrahim Nasrallah's statements about his own series:
Ibrahim Nasrallah stated that “Balconies” is the other face to his “Palestinian Comedy,” adding that the latter would be incomplete without the former. He also said that “Balconies” aids in viewing the Arab reality whose fascism resides humanely and politically, and only results in more loss. He adds that this is the specter of “Balconies,” it is his way of observing the constant political and social destruction of Arabs, reaching a point where Arabs become their own punisher.
On more than one occasion, Nasrallah said that before finishing his novel “Time of White Horses,” he found himself deeply immersed in a completely different literary project, and that project is “Balcony of Delirium.” He felt that it was the beginning to another literary project – next to his Palestinian Comedy – known as “Balconies.” It became clear to him that understanding the Palestinian Cause is impossible without understanding the Arab Cause as well. Therefore, to him, this project is the other side to his Palestinian Comedy, comparing the two projects as two banks to a river.
He also expressed his concerns and worries over the current situations in Arab countries, adding that they are caused by faux or fascist democracies whose only job is to kill freedom. Additionally, he said that ballot boxes become spears for the body, mind, heart, soul, hope, and future. He was obsessed with finding a new writing style and was constantly searching for new beginnings. In summary, each one of us has their own balcony in the Arab world, and who doesn't have a physical balcony, they surely have a spiritual one.
# William N. Reidy

William N. Reidy (January 9, 1912 – May 30, 1952) was an American politician who served in the New York State Assembly from 1949 to 1952. He was married to Dorothy Smith of Staten Island on April 16, 1939.
# Chester R. Hardt

Chester R. Hardt (July 13, 1916 – January 3, 1995) was an American politician who served in the New York State Assembly from the 141st district from 1967 to 1974.
He died of a heart attack on January 3, 1995, in Pompano Beach, Florida at age 78.
# Halil Rural District

Halil Rural District (Persian: دهستان هليل) is in the Central District of Jiroft County, Kerman province, Iran. Its capital was the village of Kahuruiyeh, now a neighborhood in the city of Jiroft.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 5,856 in 1,343 households. There were 8,976 inhabitants in 2,407 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 10,187 in 2,942 households. The most populous of its 69 villages was Poshtlor, with 1,552 people.
# Thalia Charalambous

Thalia Charalambous (born 26 August 1989) is a Cypriot long-distance runner. She competed in the women's half marathon at the 2020 World Athletics Half Marathon Championships held in Gdynia, Poland. She also competed at the 2022 Mediterranean Games held in Oran, Algeria.
# Angelos Ioannou

Angelos Ioannou (born (1972-01-01)1 January 1972) is a Cypriot male weightlifter, competing in the 105 kg category and representing Cyprus at international competitions. He competed at world championships, most recently at the 2002 World Weightlifting Championships.

## Major results

| Year | Venue | Weight | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Total | Rank |
| Year | Venue | Weight | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | Total | Rank |
| World Championships |||||||||||||
| 2002 | Warsaw, Poland | 105 kg | 130 | 130 | 132.5 | --- | 155 | --- | --- | --- | 0 | --- |
| 1999 | Piraeus, Greece | 105 kg | 110 | 120 | 120 | 33 | 140 | --- | --- | --- | 0 | --- |
# Tin mesoporphyrin

Tin mesoporphyrin (SnMP), also known as stannsoporfin, is a metalloporphyrin, which inhibits heme oxygenase. It can be used in the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

## Structure

As the name, tin mesoporphyrin, suggests, the overall structure is very similar to the naturally occurring heme molecule. It consists of a ring structured protoporphyrin IX molecule that has tin as its central atom. As this is a synthetic molecule, the two vinyl groups at both the C2 and C4 positions on the porphyrin macrocyle are reduced to form ethyl groups that is found on tin mesoporphyrin. The molecular weight of tin mesoporphyrin is 754.3 g/mol.

## Mechanism

In the heme catabolic pathway, heme oxygenase catalyzes the breakdown of heme to biliverdin and well as carbon monoxide that is exhaled. Biliverdin is then converted to bilirubin with biliverdin reductase. As high biliverdin levels are usually related to bilirubinemia, tin mesoporphyrin has been found to aid in treatment and prevention of this, primarily in newborn infants. Tin mesoporphyrin competitively inhibits the heme oxygenase enzyme, which prevents the breakdown of heme to biliverdin leading to accumulation of heme and not bilirubin.

## Application

The application of stannsoporfin or tin mesoporphyrin is currently still being researched. Clinical studies have outlined its use in the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia infants and also the prevention of neonatal jaundice. It has also been found to reduce edema and hematoma in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) from patients who suffered traumatic brain injuries.

### Treatment in hyperbilirubinemia

In one study, tin mesoporphyrin was administered intramuscularly to a newborn that was only 46 hours old with a low birth weight who had also suffered from severe hyperbilirubinemia. Along with blue light treatment, the newborn showed a steady decrease in its total serum biliverdin within 10 hours after administration.

### Prevention of neonatal jaundice

It has also been found that tin mesoporphyrin can aid in the prevention of neonatal jaundice. When administered to pre-discharge newborns who were at risk for neonatal jaundice the results showed a decrease in total biliverdin load, the possibility of postnatal bilirubin progression, as well as the use and duration of phototherapy.

### Treatment in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage

Tin mesoporphyrin has also been found potentially reduce intracerebral mass in intracerebral hemorrhage cases by decreasing the hematoma and edema volumes.
# Dimitrios Lappas

Dimitrios Lappas (also spelled Demetris, born 18 December 1972) is a Cypriot windsurfer. He competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics and the 2000 Summer Olympics.
# A Cowboy Afraid of Horses

A Cowboy Afraid of Horses is the fifth album by Lobo and his final album on Big Tree Records, released in 1975. The album, along with Just a Singer, was reissued in 1997 by Rhino Records as a single issue under the said title.
The album peaked at No. 151 on the US Top LPs chart, becoming his final album to chart to date. "Don't Tell Me Goodnight" peaked at No. 27 on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming his final Top 40 hit until 1979's "Where Were You When I Was Falling in Love".

## Track listing

All songs are written by Kent LaVoie.

## Personnel

* Lobo – guitar, lead
* Emory Gordy Jr. – bass
* Jerry Scheff – bass
* Ron Tutt – drums
* Larry Carlton – guitar
* Richard Bennett – guitar
* Alan Lindgren – keyboards
* Larry Knechtel – keyboards
* King Errisson – congas

### Production

* Record producer: Phil Gernhard
* Engineer: Michael Lietz
* Photography: Craig Brown

## Charts
### Album

| Chart (1975) | Peak position |
| Billboard Top LPs | 151 |
Singles
| Year | Single | Chart | Position |
| 1975 | "Don't Tell Me Goodnight" | U.S. Billboard Hot 100 | 27 |
| 1975 | "Don't Tell Me Goodnight" | U.S. Billboard Easy Listening | 2 |
| 1975 | "Would I Still Have You" | U.S. Billboard Easy Listening | 44 |
# Alexandra Nasta-Tsisiou

Alexandra Nasta-Tsisiou (Greek: Αλεξάνδρα Νάστα-Τσισιου; born 2 July 1981) is a Cypriot javelin thrower. Nasta-Tsisiou represented Cyprus at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where she competed for the women's javelin throw. She performed the best throw of 53.24 metres, on her first attempt, finishing forty-fifth overall in the qualifying rounds.
# 2024 Senior League World Series

The 2024 Senior League World Series took place from July 27–August 3 in Easley, South Carolina. Maracaibo, Venezuela defeated Irmo, South Carolina in the championship game.

## Teams

| United States | International |
| Easley, South Carolina District 1 (Easley) Host | Guam Guam District 1 Asia–Pacific |
| Burbank, Illinois Burbank American Central | Perth, Western Australia Perth Metro East Australia |
| Auburn, Massachusetts Auburn East | Mirabel, Quebec Diamond Baseball Canada |
| Irmo, South Carolina Irmo Southeast | Brno, Czech Republic South Czech Republic Europe–Africa |
| Victoria, Texas Northeast Southwest | Maracaibo, Venezuela Coquivacoa Latin America |
| Redondo Beach, California Redondo Beach West | Oranjestad, Aruba Aruba North Caribbean |

## Results

United States Bracket
| Upper round 1 | Upper round 1 | Upper round 2 | Upper round 2 | Upper final | Upper final | United States Championship | United States Championship |
| | | South Carolina (F/6) | 16 | | | | |
| Texas (F/9) | 12 | Texas | 0 | | | | |
| Massachusetts | 11 | | | South Carolina | 8 | | |
| | | | | California | 0 | | |
| | | California | 8 | | | | |
| Illinois | 4 | Host | 2 | | | | |
| Host | 6 | | | | | | |
| Host | 6 | | | | | South Carolina | 7 |
| | | | | | | California | 2 |
| Lower round 1 | Lower round 1 | Lower round 2 | Lower round 2 | Lower final | Lower final | | |
| Massachusetts | 3 | | | | | | |
| Massachusetts | 3 | | | California | 2 | | |
| Host | 8 | | | California | 2 | | |
| Host | 8 | Host | 8 | Host | 1 | | |
| | | Illinois | 0 | | | | |
| Illinois | 5 | Illinois | 0 | | | | |
| Texas | 4 | | | | | | |
International Bracket
| Upper round 1 | Upper round 1 | Upper round 2 | Upper round 2 | Upper final | Upper final | International Championship | International Championship |
| | | Czech Republic | 3 | | | | |
| Canada | 3 | Canada | 6 | | | | |
| Aruba | 0 | | | Canada | 2 | | |
| | | | | Venezuela | 3 | | |
| | | Australia | 0 | | | | |
| Venezuela (F/4) | 15 | Venezuela (F/6) | 10 | | | | |
| Guam | 0 | | | | | | |
| Guam | 0 | | | | | Venezuela | 10 |
| | | | | | | Canada | 1 |
| Lower round 1 | Lower round 1 | Lower round 2 | Lower round 2 | Lower final | Lower final | | |
| Aruba | 3 | | | | | | |
| Aruba | 3 | | | Canada | 7 | | |
| Australia | 5 | | | Canada | 7 | | |
| Australia | 5 | Australia | 5 | Australia | 4 | | |
| | | Czech Republic | 2 | | | | |
| Guam | 3 | Czech Republic | 2 | | | | |
| Czech Republic | 6 | | | | | | |
World Championship
| World Championship | World Championship |
| South Carolina | 3 |
| Venezuela | 9 |
* 2024 Senior League World Series Champions
* Coquivacoa LL Maracaibo, Venezuela
# Sophronica rufooccipitalis

Sophronica rufooccipitalis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1966.