OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Distance fog

Distance fog is a technique used in 3D computer graphics to enhance the perception of distance by shading distant objects differently.
Because many of the shapes in graphical environments are relatively simple, and complex shadows are difficult to render, many graphics engines employ a "fog" gradient so objects further from the camera are progressively more obscured by haze and by aerial perspective. This technique simulates the effect of light scattering, which causes more distant objects to appear lower in contrast, especially in outdoor environments.
Visibility in a natural haze declines exponentially, not linearly, with distance due to scattering. The colour of the light being scattered into the viewing path affects the colour of the haze; blue under blue skies, reddish near sunset, as with alpenglow. These more subtle details are represented in some graphics.
"Fogging" is another use of distance fog in mid-to-late 1990s games, when processing power was not enough to render far viewing distances, and clipping was employed. Clipping could be very distracting since bits and pieces of polygons would flicker in and out of view instantly, and by applying a medium-ranged distance fog, the clipped polygons would appear at a sufficiently far distance that they were obscured by the fog, fading in as the player approached.
# Yeshvanthapura Assembly constituency

Yeswanthpur is one of the 224 constituencies in the Karnataka Legislative Assembly of Karnataka, southern India. It is also part of Bangalore North Lok Sabha constituency.

## Members of Legislative Assembly
### Mysore State

| Year | Member | Party |
| Before 1961: Constituency did not exist. See Bangalore North ||||
| 1962 | K. V. Byre Gowda | Indian National Congress |
| 1967-1973: Constituency did not exist. See Uttarahalli ||||

### Karnataka

| Year | Member | Party |
| 1973-2008: Constituency did not exist. See Uttarahalli ||||
| 2008 | Shobha Karandlaje | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2013 | S. T. Somashekhar | Indian National Congress |
| 2018 | S. T. Somashekhar | Indian National Congress |
| 2019 | S. T. Somashekhar | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2023 | S. T. Somashekhar | Bharatiya Janata Party |
* ↑ by-election

## Election results
### 2023

2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election: Yeshwanthpur :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | BJP | S. T. Somashekhar | 169,149 | 47.26 | −3.60 |
| | JD(S) | T. N. Javarayi Gowda | 1,54,031 | 43.04 | +37.52 |
| | INC | S. Balraj Gowda | 21,684 | 6.06 | −35.07 |
| | UPP | Uday Kumar | 4,298 | 1.2 | |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 2,857 | 0.80 | −0.19 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 15,118 | 4.22 | −5.51 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 3,57,911 | 63.44 | +4.28 |
| | BJP hold | BJP hold | Swing | | |

### 2019

2019 Karnataka Legislative Assembly by-elections: Yeshwanthpur :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | BJP | S. T. Somashekhar | 144,722 | 50.86 | +29.41 |
| | INC | T. N. Javarayi Gowda | 1,17,023 | 41.13 | +0.99 |
| | JD(S) | P. Nagaraj | 15,714 | 5.52 | −30.89 |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 2812 | 0.99 | +0.48 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 27,699 | 9.73 | +6.00 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 284,535 | 59.16 | −1.33 |
| | BJP gain from INC | BJP gain from INC | Swing | | |

### 2018

2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election: Yeshwanthpur :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | INC | S. T. Somashekhar | 115,273 | 40.14 |
| | JD(S) | T. N. Javarayi Gowda | 1,04,562 | 36.41 |
| | BJP | Jaggesh | 59,308 | 20.65 |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 1,453 | 0.51 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 10,711 | 3.73 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2,87,205 | 60.49 |
| | INC hold | INC hold | Swing | |
# Bayamoncito, Aguas Buenas, Puerto Rico

Bayamoncito Barrio is a barrio in the municipality of Aguas Buenas, Puerto Rico. Its population in 2010 was 1,738.

## History

Bayamoncito was in Spain's gazetteers until Puerto Rico was ceded by Spain in the aftermath of the Spanish–American War under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 and became an unincorporated territory of the United States. In 1899, the United States Department of War conducted a census of Puerto Rico finding that the population of Bayamoncito barrio was 765.

## Special Communities

In 2001, law 1-2001 was passed to identify marginalized communities of Puerto Rico. In 2017, Governor Ricardo Rosselló created a new government agency to work with the Special Communities of Puerto Rico Program. Las Parcelas in Bayamoncito is one of the 742 places on the list of Comunidades Especiales de Puerto Rico.
# Heist railway station

Heist is a railway station in the town of Knokke-Heist, West Flanders, Belgium. The station opened on 29 June 1920 and is located on line 51B. The train services are operated by National Railway Company of Belgium (NMBS).

## Train services

The station is served by the following services:
* Intercity services (IC-03) Knokke - Bruges - Ghent - Brussels - Leuven - Hasselt - Genk
# Generali Italia

Generali Italia S.p.A. or simply Generali is an Italian insurance company based in Mogliano Veneto, which is a subsidiary of Generali Group. Alleanza Assicurazioni, Cattolica Assicurazioni, DAS, Genertel and Genertellife, Generali Welion, Generali Jeniot and Leone Alato are headed by Generali Italia.

## History

The company was founded on July 1, 2013 when the Italian branch of Assicurazioni Generali was transferred to INA Assitalia and the name was changed to Generali Italia SpA. The insurance activities of the Toro Group (Toro, Lloyd Italico and Augusta) were then integrated. Sergio Balbinot was the first chairmen and Raffaele Agrusti the CEO; their office lasted until the approval of the 2013 financial statements. On 7 October 2013 Philippe Donnet joined the Generali Group and became Country Manager Italy and CEO of Generali Italia.
In May 2016 Marco Sesana was appointed Chief Executive Officer and General Manager. In the following three years a new phase started and two new companies were born: Generali Welion, an integrated welfare company, and Generali Jeniot, which deals with IoT services and connected insurance. In May 2020, IVASS, the supervisory entity for the sector, ordered Cattolica's top management to carry out a capital increase of 500 million by 30 October 2020. On 25 June 2020, Generali and Cattolica announce a strategic partnership which consists in the entry of Generali into Cattolica with a stake of 24.4 percent
In November 2021, Generali held 84.475 percent of Cattolica's share capital.
In 2022, the agrifood holding company Leone Alato was established, controlled by the Generali Italia. Leone Alato is involved in agricultural activities, including reforestation and the production and marketing of wines and spirits, as well as renewable energy production. Among its subsidiaries are notably Genagricola 1851 and Le Tenute del Leone Alato. Later in September, Giancarlo Fancel, previously group Chief Risk Officer, was appointed Country Manager Italy and Chief Executive Officer.

## Activities

Generali Italia, including its subsidiaries, has:
* 11 million customers
* € 28BN total premiums in 2022
* 15 thousand employees
* 40,000 distributors plus bancassurance.

## Subsidiaries

Insurance companies
* Alleanza Assicurazioni
* Genertel
* Genertellife
* DAS
* Cattolica Assicurazioni
Service companies
* Generali Welion
* Generali Jeniot
* Leone Alato
# Jovan Melton

Jovan Melton is a former Democratic member of the Colorado House of Representatives, serving from 2013 to early 2021. Before serving in the House, Melton worked for Lieutenant Governor Barbara O'Brien, and managed the campaigns of state representatives Angela Williams and Rhonda Fields.
While a state representative, Melton served as the Democratic majority whip and as Vice-Chair of the Black Democratic Legislative Caucus of Colorado. He is also Founder and Senior Consultant for Emerson Hamilton Consulting and Strategies, LLC based in Aurora, Colorado.
At age 20, he was arrested for harassment of a girlfriend, an incident which occurred when he was a student at the University of Colorado. An arrest for assault of a different girlfriend in 2008 resulted in dismissal of charges. He has been accused by a fellow Democratic legislator of bullying, but no charges were filed. After his arrest history became widely known due to a report published in October 2018 by The Denver Post Democratic legislative leaders asked him to resign. However, he was strongly defended by Colorado African-American leaders Wellington Webb and Bishop Acen Phillips, who described the request for resignation as a "21st-century lynching" He has apologized for past behavior. Melton was re-elected in the November 2018 election following the Denver Post story with 64% of the vote against his republican challenger.
# Jane Adams (writer)

Jane Adams (born 1960 in Leicester) is a British writer of psychological thrillers, and has published more than thirty novels.
Her first book, The Greenway, was nominated for a John Creasey Award in 1995 and received an Authors' Club Best First Novel Award.
Adams has a degree in sociology, was once lead vocalist in a folk rock band and is married with two children. She lives in Leicester. Adams teaches at De Montfort University. She is a Royal Literary Fund fellow.

## Selected works
### Novels

* Bird (1997)
* Dangerous to Know (2004)
* A Kiss Goodbye (2005)

#### Detective Mike Croft series

* The Greenway (1995)
* Cast the First Stone (1996)
* Fade to Grey (1998)
* Final Frame (1999)

#### Sergeant Ray Flower series

* The Angel Gateway (2000)
* Like Angels Falling (2001)
* Angel Eyes (2002)

#### Naomi Blake series

* Mourning the Little Dead (2002)
* Touching the Dark (2003)
* Heatwave (2005)
* Killing a Stranger (2006)
* Legacy of Lies (2007)
* Blood Ties (2010)
* Night Vision (2011)
* Secrets (2013)
* Gregory's Game (2014)
* Paying the Ferryman (2014)
* A Murderous Mind (2016)
* Fakes and Lies (2018)

#### Rina Martin series

* A Reason to Kill (2007)
* Fragile Lives (2008)
* The Power of One (2009)
* Resolutions (2010)
* The Dead of Winter (2011)
* Cause of Death (2012)
* Forgotten Voices (2015)
# Ptarmigan Peak (Alberta)

Ptarmigan Peak is a mountain located near Pika Peak in Banff National Park, Alberta, Canada.
The mountain was named in 1909 by J.W.A. Hickson, who named it after encountering several rock ptarmigan in the meadows below the peak. Hickson, guided by Edward Feuz Jr., also completed the first ascent of the peak that same year.
The southern slopes of Merlin Ridge, which includes Ptarmigan Peak, Mount Richardson, and Pika Peak, are home to the Lake Louise Mountain Resort. A backcountry campground is located at the base of the mountain, near Hidden Lake.

## Routes

The scrambling route to the summit of Ptarmigan Peak follows the southern slopes and begins from Hidden Lake.

## Geology

Like other mountains in Banff National Park, Ptarmigan Peak is composed of sedimentary rock that was laid down from the Precambrian to Jurassic periods. This rock, originally formed in shallow seas, was later uplifted and pushed eastward over younger rock layers during the Laramide orogeny.

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Ptarmigan Peak is located in a subarctic climate zone, characterized by cold, snowy winters and mild summers. During winter, temperatures can drop below −20 °C, with wind chill factors reaching below −30 °C.

## Gallery

* Ptarmigan Peak and Ptarmigan Lake
* Ptarmigan Peak
# Vaddangi

Vaddangi is a village in Srikakulam District in Andhra Pradesh, India. It is located near Kotturu town. In the 2011 census it had a population of 1206 and 274 households.
The nearest railway station is Srikakulam Road (Amadalavalasa). The nearest airport is Visakhapatnam. It is on a bus route from Srikakulam to Battili, 3 km away from Gurandi.
# Louis S. Goebel

Louis S. Goebel (July 9, 1839 in New York City – November 2, 1915 in Manhattan, NYC) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.

## Life

He graduated from City College of New York in 1864. Then he taught school, studied law at Columbia Law School, was admitted to the bar in 1868, and practiced in New York City.
He was a member of the New York State Senate (6th D.) in 1878 and 1879.
He died at his home at 338 West 87th Street in Manhattan, and was buried at the Kensico Cemetery.

## Sources

* Civil List and Constitutional History of the Colony and State of New York compiled by Edgar Albert Werner (1884; pg. 290)
* The State Government for 1879 by Charles G. Shanks (Weed, Parsons & Co, Albany NY, 1879; pg. 51)
* Lewis (sic) S. Goebel in NYT on November 4, 1915
New York State Senate :
| Preceded byCaspar A. Baaden | New York State Senate 6th District 1878–1879 | Succeeded byJacob Seebacher |
# Stephen Odey

Stephen Pius Odey (born 15 January 1998) is a Nigerian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Danish Superliga club Randers FC.

## Club career

Odey played in the second edition of GTBank-Lagos state principals cup where he was the captain of the winning Dairy Farm Senior secondary school Agege. He also topped the list of the GTBank 13-man all star team of that year. He trained at CampGTBank with 23 other students under lead coach Mark Elis, former coach at Arsenal.
He is the all-time top scorer for MFM in the Nigerian Professional Football League, the highest football league level in Nigeria. Odey was the highest goalscorer for MFM in the 2015–16 season. He scored his first career hat-trick in January 2017 against Lobi Stars.
On 4 October 2017, Odey completed a transfer to Swiss club FC Zürich.
On 28 June 2019, it was confirmed that Odey had joined Genk on a five-year contract. On 11 September 2020, he joined Ligue 2 club Amiens SC on loan. On 31 August 2021, he joined Danish club Randers FC on loan for the 2021-22 season with an option to buy. After scoring five goals in seven games Randers confirmed on 21 November 2021, that they had bought Odey free from Genk at the end of his loan deal, becoming the most expensive transfer in Randers' history. Odey signed a deal until June 2024, running from the 2022-23 season.

## International career

On 13 August 2017, Odey made his debut for Nigeria, as a substitute, in a 1–0 loss against Benin.

## Honours

Individual
* Player of the Month, NPFL League Bloggers Award: January 2017
* Player of the Month, NPFL League Bloggers Award: March 2017
FC Zürich
* Swiss Cup: 2017–18
# Guy of Bar-sur-Seine

Guy I of Bar-sur-Seine (c. 1105 - 1146) was the count of Bar-sur-Seine in the county of Champagne. He was the son of Milo II of Bar-sur-Seine and of Mathilde of Noyers.

## Biography

Guy became count of Bar-sur-Seine on the death of his father Milo II of Bar-sur-Seine. At his death, with his son Milo III of Bar-sur-Seine being on crusade in the Holy Land, the county of Bar-sur-Seine was administered by his wife Pétronille. Following his death, his youngest daughter Ermesinde was born.

## Marriage and issue

Guy married Pétronille de Chacenay, daughter of Anséric II de Chacenay and Hombeline. They had:
* Milo III of Bar-sur-Seine, succeeded his father
* William of Bar-sur-Seine, probably died young (before 1151)
* Guy de Bar-sur-Seine, probably died young (before 1151)
* Manassès de Bar-sur-Seine, succeeded his brother
* Theobald de Bar-sur-Seine, lord of Champlost, married Marguerite de Chacenay, daughter of Jacques I of Chacenay and Agnès of Brienne
* Ermesinde of Bar-sur-Seine, married Anseau II of Traînel then Theobald I, Count of Bar
# Fontaine de l'Abbaye de Saint-Germain-des-Prés

The Fontaine de l'Abbaye de Saint-Germain-des-Prés (French pronunciation:) is a fountain constructed in 1715-1717, at the end of the reign of King Louis XIV and the beginning of the reign of Louis XV, to provide drinking water in the neighborhood near the church of Saint Germain-des-Prés, in the 6th arrondissement of Paris. It was originally located at the corner of the Rue Sainte-Marguerite (now rue Gozlin) and Rue Childebert. The fountain mechanics were designed by Jean Beausire, the chief of public works and fountain-maker for Louis XIV, who built more than twenty fountains in Paris between 1684 and 1740. The architect was Victor-Thierry Dailly, who in 1715 was commissioned to build a group of houses and the fountain around the parvis of the Church of Saint-Germain-des-Pres.
In the middle of the 19th century, the construction of Boulevard Saint-Germain by Baron Haussmann required the destruction of the site where the fountain was located. The fountain was moved to Place Langevin in the 5th arronidissement, against the wall of the old Ecole Polytechnique, where it can be seen today.
# Kharvas (film)

Kharvas is a 2018 Indian Marathi-language short drama film directed by Aditya Suhas Jambhale and written by Smita Jambhale. The film stars Veena Jamkar, Sandesh Kulkarni, and Swati Bowalekar and recounts the story of a woman who faces physical and emotional challenges after having delivered a stillborn child. In 2018, the film was selected to be screened at International Film Festival of India which was held in Panaji on 20 November 2018. In 2019, the film won the National Film Awards for Best Short Fiction Film.

## Plot

The film is 38 minutes long produced by Shubhang Borkar, that follows Asawari (Veena Jamkar) who has lost her baby in a stillbirth and is going through physical, emotional, and societal ramifications of the tragedy. She quits her painting career and starts back to her ancestral home in a remote Konkan village to overcome her trauma.

## Screening

The film was selected as the opening non feature film at the Indian Panorama, at 49th International Film Festival of India (IFFI) and was awarded the National Film Award for Best Short Fiction Film in 2019.

## Reception

Suparna Thombare of Cinestaan wrote "The screenplay, though, is tight and poignant, aided by Jamkar's dramatic performance. A well-shot climax packs in all the action, becoming a great lead-in to a hopeful conclusion — life goes on and the smiles will be back, but the process of grieving is equally important."

## Accolades

| Year | Ceremony | Category | Result | Ref. |
| 2018 | 66th National Film Awards | Best Short Fiction Film | Won | |
# Ince Hall Madonna

The Virgin and Child Reading is an oil painting of uncertain date. It is a mid-to-late 15th century imitation of the work of the Early Netherlandish master Jan van Eyck, possibly after a now-lost original painting by him from 1433 - another copy of the same work is now in the Colegiata church in Covarrubias, Spain. It is first documented in 1619, when it was in Sicily and then re-appeared in Charles Blundell's collection at Ince Blundell Hall near Liverpool early in the 19th century, meaning it is sometimes known as the Ince Hall Madonna. George Frederick Zink restored it there in 1922. It was acquired from the Weld-Blundell family by the National Gallery of Victoria (NGV) in Melbourne in 1922 using funds from the Felton Bequest.
The Virgin Mary is depicted wearing a red cloak, with a baldachin behind her. Baby Jesus is seated on her lap; they are both holding and reading a book together. The book could possibly be the Magnificat, as per traditional representations of the Madonna.
The inscription on the wall at top left reads: "COPLETV ANO D M CCCC XXXIIJ P IOHEM DE EYC BRVGIS". This translates as "Completed in the Year of Our Lord 1433 by Jan van Eyck, Bruges". To the right of the tapestry is van Eyck's personal motto in Greek letters "ALC IXH XAN" ("As I Can"), playing on the similarity between his surname and 'IXH' (an approximate transliteration of "ich" or "I" into ancient Greek characters).

## Attribution

On its acquisition by the NGV in 1922 it was held to be an autograph work by van Eyck. However, laboratory tests in 1958 by P. Coremans, A. Philippot and R.V. Sneyers at the IRPA in Belgium, an infrared spectroscopy study in 2003 and other features have all contributed to its de-attribution. For example, the spatial relationship between the two figures and the surrounding furniture is only vaguely hinted at and the work's grasp of perspective and depth is not as developed as in the autograph Lucca Madonna and Rolin Madonna. The letter formation in the signature does not correspond to the confirmed signatures on the Virgin and Child with Canon van der Paele or the Dresden Triptych. The signature also appears in the scene itself, rather than van Eyck's more usual practice of signing on the frame - some art historians argue that the work was originally in just such a signed frame but that after that frame was lost it was added to the work itself by an unknown hand.
# Lorenzo Codutti

Lorenzo Codutti (born 27 June 2003) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Eerste Divisie side FC Dordrecht.

## Career

He was born in Cussignacco, Udine in 2003 and played in the Udinese Calcio youth system. He played for FC Arzignano Valchiampo before joining FC Vado in July 2022. He played two seasons with FC Vado in Serie D, making 37 appearances and scoring one goal.
He joined FC Dordrecht of the Eerste Divisie in July 2024, agreeing to a two-year contract. He made a goal scoring debut for the club, earning a 1-1 draw for the side on 17 August 2024 against ADO Den Haag.

## Personal life

He has dual Italian Dutch nationality. He has an Italian father and a Dutch mother, with family in Winschoten, in the northeast of the Netherlands. When he first moved to the Netherlands in 2024 with Dordrecht he shared a house with Italian teammate Gabriele Parlanti.
# Ron Muzzall

Ronald Edwin Muzzall (born 1963) is an American politician from Washington.
He has served as a Republican member of the Washington State Senate for Washington's tenth legislative district since October 18, 2019, He was appointed unanimously, when he was appointed to replace Barbara Bailey, by the Skagit County Commissioners, Island County Commissioners, and Snohomish County Council.
# Thomas A. Gardiner

Thomas A. Gardiner (August 2, 1832 New York City – May 2, 1881 Brooklyn, Kings County, New York) was an American politician from New York.

## Life

He was the son of George W. Gardiner (d. 1852), an Irish-born merchant. The family removed to Brooklyn in 1840.
As a Democrat, he was a member of the New York State Assembly (Kings Co., 4th D.) in 1859; a member of the New York State Senate (2nd D.) in 1860 and 1861; and Treasurer of Kings County from 1863 to 1880.
He died at his residence, at 49 Portland Ave., Brooklyn, of pulmonary hemorrhage.

## Sources

* The New York Civil List compiled by Franklin Benjamin Hough, Stephen C. Hutchins and Edgar Albert Werner (1867; pg. 442 and 488)
* Biographical Sketches of the State Officers and Members of the Legislature of the State of New York by William D. Murphy (1861; pg. 54ff)
* CITY AND SUBURBAN NEWS; BROOKLYN; Ex-County Treasurer Thomas A. Gardiner died... in NYT on May 3, 1881
New York State Assembly :
| Preceded byDavid M. Chauncey | New York State Assembly Kings County, 4th District 1859 | Succeeded byJames Darcy |
| New York State Senate |||
| Preceded bySamuel Sloan | New York State Senate 2nd District 1860–1861 | Succeeded byJesse C. Smith |