OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bassa Vah alphabet

Bassa Vah, also known as simply Vah ('throwing a sign' in Bassa) is an alphabetic script for writing the Bassa language of Liberia. As an old system nearing extinction in the 1900s, it was rediscovered among Bassa in Brazil and the West Indies, then revived in Liberia, by Thomas Flo Lewis. Type was cast for it, and an association for its promotion was formed in Liberia in 1959. It is not used today and has been classified as a failed script.

## Letters

Vah is written from left to right. It is a true alphabet, with 23 consonant letters, seven vowels and five tone diacritics. A fullstop/period is represented with 𖫵.
| 𖫧IPA: [a]a | 𖫢IPA: [b]b | 𖫔IPA: [ɓ]/[mᵇ]ɓ | 𖫟IPA: [c]c | 𖫗IPA: [d]d | 𖫦IPA: [ɖ]/[ɺ]ɖ | 𖫕IPA: [dʲ]/[ɲ]dy | 𖫫IPA: [e]e | 𖫬IPA: [ɛ]ɛ | 𖫓IPA: [f]f |
| 𖫖IPA: [g]g | 𖫝IPA: [ɡ͡b]gb | 𖫔IPA: [ŋ͡m]gm | 𖫤IPA: [h]h | 𖫠IPA: [hʷ]hw | 𖫭IPA: [i]i | 𖫙IPA: [ɟ]j | 𖫑IPA: [k]k | 𖫘IPA: [k͡p]kp | 𖫐IPA: [n]n |
| 𖫨IPA: [ɔ]ɔ | 𖫩IPA: [o]o | 𖫥IPA: [p]p | 𖫒IPA: [s]s | 𖫡IPA: [t]t | 𖫪IPA: [u]u | 𖫣IPA: [v]v | 𖫛IPA: [w]w | 𖫚IPA: [xʷ]/[ħʷ]xw | 𖫜IPA: [z]z |

### Tones

Vah uses five diacritical marks to denote tonality of its vowels. It distinguishes five tones: high, low, mid, mid-rising, and falling.
Tone diacritics and examples with ⟨𖫧⟩ :
| high𖫰◌IPA: ˦ | low𖫱◌IPA: ˨ | mid𖫲◌IPA: ˧ | mid-rising𖫳◌IPA: ˨˧ | falling𖫴◌IPA: ˥˩ |
| 𖫰𖫧 | 𖫧𖫱 | 𖫲𖫧 | 𖫳𖫧 | 𖫧𖫴 |

## Unicode

Bassa Vah was added to the Unicode Standard in June 2014 with the release of version 7.0.
The Unicode block for Bassa Vah is U+16AD0–U+16AFF:
Bassa Vah Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) :
| | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F |
| U+16ADx | 𖫐 | 𖫑 | 𖫒 | 𖫓 | 𖫔 | 𖫕 | 𖫖 | 𖫗 | 𖫘 | 𖫙 | 𖫚 | 𖫛 | 𖫜 | 𖫝 | 𖫞 | 𖫟 |
| U+16AEx | 𖫠 | 𖫡 | 𖫢 | 𖫣 | 𖫤 | 𖫥 | 𖫦 | 𖫧 | 𖫨 | 𖫩 | 𖫪 | 𖫫 | 𖫬 | 𖫭 | | |
| U+16AFx | 𖫰 | 𖫱 | 𖫲 | 𖫳 | 𖫴 | 𖫵 | | | | | | | | | | |
| Notes 1.^ As of Unicode version 16.0 2.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points |||||||||||||||||
# Little Newsham

Little Newsham is a hamlet in County Durham, England. It is part of Winston civil parish and lies to the north of Winston village, south of Staindrop, and a few miles east of Barnard Castle.
The hamlet is possibly of Saxon origin and was settled due to its nearby springs. Most of the hamlet, consisting of listed farm buildings and cottages, is a conservation area.
# Sminthurinus latimaculosus

Sminthurinus latimaculosus is a species of globular springtail in the family Katiannidae.
# János Söre

János Söre (14 May 1935 – 11 June 2023) was a Hungarian cyclist. He competed in the 1000m time trial at the 1960 Summer Olympics.
Söre died on 11 June 2023, at the age of 88.
# Declaration of Indulgence (1687)

The Declaration of Indulgence, also called Declaration for Liberty of Conscience, was a pair of proclamations made by James II of England and Ireland and VII of Scotland in 1687. The Indulgence was first issued for Scotland on 12 February and then for England on 4 April 1687. An early step towards establishing freedom of religion in Great Britain and Ireland, it was cut short by the Glorious Revolution.
The Declaration granted broad religious freedom in England by suspending penal laws enforcing conformity to the Church of England and allowing people to worship in their homes or chapels as they saw fit, and it ended the requirement of affirming religious oaths before gaining employment in government office.
By use of the royal suspending power, the king lifted the religious penal laws and granted toleration to the various Christian denominations, Catholic and Protestant, within his kingdoms. The Declaration of Indulgence was supported by William Penn, who was widely perceived to be its instigator. The declaration was greatly opposed by Anglicans in England on both religious and constitutional grounds. Some Anglicans objected to the fact that the Declaration had no specified limits and thus, at least in theory, licensed the practice of any religion, including Islam, Judaism, or paganism.

## 1687

In Scotland, Presbyterians initially refused to accept the Declaration of Indulgence. The King re-issued it on 28 June, giving the Presbyterians the same liberties as Catholics; this was accepted by most of the Presbyterians, with the notable exception of the Covenanters. The Declaration of Indulgence, as well as granting religious liberties to his subjects, also reaffirmed the King's "Soveraign Authority, Prerogative Royal and absolute power, which all our Subjects are to obey without Reserve", and thus espoused an absolute monarchy.
The English version was welcomed by most non-conformists, but, as in Scotland, the Presbyterians were more reluctant to wholeheartedly accept it. There was concern that the toleration rested only on the King's arbitrary will.

## 1688

The English Declaration of Indulgence was reissued on 27 April 1688, leading to open resistance from Anglicans. Few clergy read out the Declaration in Church.
William Sancroft, Archbishop of Canterbury, and six other Bishops presented a petition to the King declaring the Declaration of Indulgence illegal. James promptly had the seven bishops tried for rebellion and sedition; however, the bishops were acquitted. Many Presbyterians were sceptical of the king's intentions, while other dissenters, including the Quakers and the Baptists, gave thanks to the king for the Declaration of Indulgence.
The declarations were voided when James II was deposed in the Glorious Revolution. The Bill of Rights abolished the suspending power.
# Stjärnorna (Lena Philipsson song)

"Stjärnorna", written by Lena Philipsson and Torgny Söderberg, is a song performed by Lena Philipsson on her 1995 album Lena Philipsson. The song also appeared as film music for the 1995 film En på miljonen.

## Single

The single peaked at 29th position at the Swedish singles chart.
The song was also tested for Svensktoppen, where it stayed for 10 weeks between 7 October-9 December, peaking at 2nd position.

## Other recordings

With lyrics in Finnish, as Tähtien katse, Arja Koriseva recorded the song in 1995.

## Charts

| Chart (1995) | Peak position |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 29 |
# Road to Nandikadal

Road to Nandikadal (Sinhala: රණමඟ ඔස්සේ නන්දිකඩාල්, raṇaman̆ga ŏsse nandikaḍāl) is a book about the defeat of the LTTE. It was written by former Major General Kamal Gunaratne. The book was released on 6 September 2016, a day after Gunaratne's retirement. The Sinhala and English versions of the book were released on the same day. It covers several incidents that occurred during the Sri Lankan Civil War, including the killing of Velupillai Prabhakaran.
Major General Kamal Gunaratne was the commander of the 53 Division in Sri Lanka Army, that is believed to have killed the LTTE leader Velupillai Prabhakaran.

## Reception

All the copies of the book were sold one within one hour during Colombo International Book Fair in 2016 and is believed to have been a record best-seller in Sri Lanka.
However the book was criticised by then Foreign Minister Mangala Samaraweera for historical inaccuracies and contradictions.
# Chris Kelso

Chris Kelso (born 22 March 1988, Kilmarnock, Scotland) is a Scottish Fantasy writer, illustrator, and anthologist from Scotland.
Kelso's works have also been printed in magazines such as Interzone, Black Static, 3:AM, Locus, Bella Caledonia and Evergreen Review. He and Garrett Cook are the co-creators of 'The Imperial Youth Review'.
In 2019, he was nominated for a British Fantasy Award for best short fiction. His essay 'Transmigrational Defences' was nominated for a 2024 Pushcart Prize.

## Works
### Fiction

* Last Exit To Interzone (Black Dharma Press)
* Schadenfreude (Dog Horn Publishing)
* A Message from the Slave State (Western Legends Books)
* Moosejaw Frontier (Bizarro Pulp Press)
* Transmatic (MorbidbookS)
* The Black Dog Eats The City (Omnium Gatherum)
* Terence, Mephisto and Viscera Eyes (Journalstone)
* The Dissolving Zinc Theatre (Villipede)
* The Folger Variation (Shoreline of Infinity)
* Wire & Spittle (Omnium Gatherum)
* Rattled by the Rush (Journalstone)
* The Church of Latter Day Eugenics (with Tom Bradley)
* I Dream of Mirrors' (The Sinister Horror Company)
* The DREGS Trilogy (Black Shuck Books)
* Voidheads (Schism)

### Non-Fiction

* Burroughs and Scotland: Dethroning the Ancients (Beatdom)
* Interrogating the Abyss (Apocalypse Party)
* On Melting: essays against the body (Control)

### Anthologies edited

* Caledonia Dreamin – Strange Fiction of Scottish Descent (by Chris Kelso and Hal Duncan)
* This is NOT an Anthology (Onieros Books)
* Slave Stories - Scenes of the Slave State (Omnium Gatherum)
* I Transgress (Salo' Press)
* Children of the New Flesh: The Early Films and Pervasive Influence of David Cronenberg (11:11)
* The Mad Butterfly's Ball (by Chris Kelso and Preston Grassmann) (PS Publishing)
# Clifford Otte

Clifford Otte (born January 15, 1933, in Wilson, Sheboygan County, Wisconsin), was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

## Early life

He graduated from Oostburg High School in Oostburg, Wisconsin, and served in the United States Navy during the Korean War. Otte was also a member of the fire department in the Town of Sheboygan Falls, Wisconsin. He is married with six children.

## Political career

Otte was first elected to the Assembly in 1992. Additionally, he was a member of the Town of Sheboygan Falls School Board from 1973 to 1984, the Town of Sheboygan Falls Clerk and Supervisor from 1977 to 1984 and a Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, supervisor from 1982 to 1993. He is a Republican.
# Subthalamus

The subthalamus or ventral thalamus is a part of the diencephalon. Its most prominent structure is the subthalamic nucleus. The subthalamus connects to the globus pallidus, a subcortical nucleus of the basal ganglia.

## Structure

The subthalamus is located ventral to the thalamus, medial to the internal capsule and lateral to the hypothalamus. It is a region formed by several grey matter nuclei and their associated white matter structures, namely:
* The subthalamic nucleus, whose neurons contain glutamate and have excitatory effects over neurons of globus pallidus and substantia nigra
* Zona incerta, located between fields of Forel H$_1$ and H$_2$. It is continuous with the thalamic reticular nucleus and receives input from the precentral cortex.
* Subthalamic fasciculus, formed by fibers that connect the globus pallidus with the subthalamic nucleus
* Fields of Forel
* Ansa lenticularis
During development the subthalamus is continuous with the hypothalamus, but is separated by white matter fibres mainly from the internal capsule. Caudally, the subthalamus or prethalamus is separated from the thalamus by the zona limitans intrathalamica.
Postnatally, the subthalamus lies beneath the thalamus, hence 'sub' (meaning below) 'thalamus'. It also lies dorsolateral to the hypothalamus.

## Connections

The subthalamus develops efferent (output) connections to the striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen) in the telencephalon, to the dorsal thalamus (medial and lateral nuclear groups) in the diencephalon, and to the red nucleus and substantia nigra in the mesencephalon. It receives afferent (input) connections from the substantia nigra and striatum.
# János Zsinka

János Zsinka (born 2 October 1965) is a Hungarian former professional footballer who played as a forward. He made one appearance for the Hungary national team.

## Club career

Zsinka played for Ferencvárosi TC from 1984 to 1989 and for Újpest FC from 1990 to 1993, where he was a member of the 1992 Hungarian Cup winning team.
After 1993 he played one season for S.C. Lourinhanense and two seasons for S.C. Espinho in Portugal. He then played for Soroksár SC, where he finished his active sports career.

## International career

Zsinka made one appearance for the Hungary national team in 1989.

## Honours

* Nemzeti Bajnokság I: runner-up 1988–89, 1992–93
* Magyar Kupa: 1992; runner-up 1986
* UEFA European Under-19 Championship: gold medal 1984
# Louis Clark (wide receiver)

Louis Steven Clark (born July 3, 1964) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver for six seasons for the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Seahawks in the tenth round of the 1987 NFL draft. His brother David Clark also played in MLB. He is currently the senior director of pro personnel for the Los Angeles Chargers.
# Llanada Alavesa

Llanada Alavesa (Basque: Arabako Lautada) is one of the seven comarcas in Álava, Spain, consisting of eight municipalities. Its administrative center and largest municipality is Agurain/Salvatierra.

## Municipalities

| Municipality | Population (2021) | Surface (in km²) |
| Agurain/Salvatierra | 5,049 | 37.8 |
| Alegría-Dulantzi | 2,925 | 19.9 |
| Asparrena | 1,633 | 65.2 |
| Barrundia | 896 | 97.5 |
| Elburgo | 635 | 32.1 |
| Iruraiz-Gauna | 530 | 47.1 |
| San Millán/Donemiliaga | 723 | 85.4 |
| Zalduondo | 193 | 12.0 |
| Total | 12,584 | 397.0 |
# Sminthurus medialis

Sminthurus medialis is a species of globular springtail in the family Sminthuridae.
# József Csábi

József Csábi (born 14 February 1967) is a Hungarian football manager and former player who is the manager of BVSC. He was formerly the interim head coach of the national team of Hungary for one match in 2013, following the dismissal of Sándor Egervári. As a player, Csábi played as a defender.

## Managerial career

On 16 February 2023, Csábi was appointed as manager of newly promoted Nemzeti Bajnokság II side Kazincbarcika. The team he took over in the second half of the season finished 14th, and the following season the team finished 10th. He left the club by mutual agreement on 1 June 2024.
He moved to second division BVSC on 10 June 2024, where he previously played in the club's most successful years.

## Managerial statistics

Managerial record by team and tenure :
| Team | From | To | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Ref. |
| Team | From | To | P | W | D | L | Win % | Ref. |
| Kazincbarcika | 20 February 2023 | 1 June 2024 | 50 | 18 | 13 | 19 | 036.00 | |
| Total | Total | Total | 50 | 18 | 13 | 19 | 036.00 |
# Ivan Goremykin's First Cabinet

First Cabinet of Ivan Goremykin was a composition of the Council of Ministers of the Russian Empire, under the leadership of Ivan Goremykin, in office from May 5, 1906 to July 21, 1906.
From the very beginning of its work, the Cabinet of Goremykin conflict with the State Duma, which tried to subjugate the government. For 72 days, the State Duma adopted a 391 request for the illegal actions of the government.
July 19, 1906, the State Duma was dissolved and on July 21 the government was dismissed.

## Ministers

| Ministry | Minister | Term |
| Prime Minister | Ivan Goremykin | 5 May – 21 July 1906 |
| Ministry of Internal Affairs | Pyotr Stolypin | 5 May – 21 July 1906 |
| Ministry of Finance | Vladimir Kokovtsov | 5 May – 21 July 1906 |
| Ministry of Foreign Affairs | Alexander Izvolsky | 5 May – 21 July 1906 |
| Ministry of Railways | Nikolay Shaufus | 5 May – 21 July 1906 |
| Ministry of Justice | Ivan Shcheglovitov | 5 May – 21 July 1906 |
| Ministry of War | Aleksandr Roediger | 5 May – 21 July 1906 |
| Ministry of National Education | Peter Kaufman | 5 May – 21 July 1906 |
| Ministry of the Imperial Court | Vladimir Frederiks | 5 May – 21 July 1906 |
| Marine Ministry | Aleksei Birilev | 5 May – 21 July 1906 |
| Ministry of Trade and Industry | Alexander Shtof | 5 May – 21 July 1906 |
| Ministry of Agriculture | Aleksandr Stishinsky | 5 May – 21 July 1906 |
| State Сontroller | Peter Schwanebach | 5 May – 21 July 1906 |
| Procurator | Alexey Shirinsky-Shikhmatov | 5 May – 21 July 1906 |
# Robert Kozaren

Robert William Kozaren (June 5, 1934 – 2007) was an American Democratic politician who served as mayor of the city of Hamtramck, Michigan, from 1980 to 1997. Elected to nine terms, he was the longest-serving mayor of Hamtramck.
Kozaren was born in Detroit, Michigan. Kozaren was president of the city council (and a former deputy city clerk) when he entered the primary for the mayoral election in the fall of 1979. At the time, Hamtramck came to symbolize the Rust Belt. He beat the sitting mayor "with a message of hope and renewal". At 6 feet 6 inches (1.98 m), Kozaren was an impressive figure walking down the street and enjoyed being personable with the people of his town. His enthusiasm and people skills were cited as a reason for his success at the polls and his eighteen-year reign as mayor.
# Quebec Liberal Party leadership elections

Note: Before 1938, the leaders of the Quebec Liberal Party were chosen by the party caucus.

## 1938 leadership convention

(Held June 11, 1938)
* Adélard Godbout acclaimed
Télesphore-Damien Bouchard and Édouard Lacroix withdrew before balloting.

## 1950 leadership convention

(Held May 20, 1950)
* Georges-Émile Lapalme acclaimed
George Carlyle Marler declined nomination; Horace Phillipon, Jean-Marie Nadeau withdrew before balloting.

## 1958 leadership convention

(Held May 31, 1958)
* Jean Lesage 630 (72.2%)
* Paul Gérin-Lajoie 145 (16.6%)
* René Hamel 97 (11.1%)
* Aimé Fauteux 1 (0.1%)

## 1970 leadership convention

(Held January 17, 1970)
* Robert Bourassa 843 (53.2%)
* Claude Wagner 455 (28.7%)
* Pierre Laporte 288 (18.1%)

## 1978 leadership convention

(Held April 15, 1978)
* Claude Ryan 1,748 (68.4%)
* Raymond Garneau 807 (31.6%)

## 1983 leadership convention

(Held October 15, 1983)
* Robert Bourassa 2,138 (75.4%)
* Pierre Paradis 353 (12.5%)
* Daniel Johnson, Jr. 343 (12.1%)

## 1993 leadership convention

(Held December 14, 1993)
* Daniel Johnson Jr. acclaimed

## 1998 leadership convention

(Held April 30, 1998)
* Jean Charest acclaimed

## 2013 leadership convention

(Held March 17, 2013)
* Philippe Couillard 1,390 (58.5%)
* Pierre Moreau 523 (22.0%)
* Raymond Bachand 464 (19.5%)

## 2020 leadership convention

Couillard resigned as Liberal leader on October 4, 2018, following his government's defeat in the 2018 provincial election and was initially supposed to take place on May 31, 2020. Following the COVID-19 pandemic, the leadership election was initially postponed indefinitely. On May 11, 2020, after candidate Alexandre Cusson withdrew from the race, Dominique Anglade was chosen as Leader by acclamation.
* Dominique Anglade acclaimed
# Hall L. Brooks

Hall L. Brooks was an American politician. He was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

## Biography

Brooks was born on October 1, 1864, in Medford, Massachusetts. In the mid-1880s, he moved to Schofield, Wisconsin. He later moved again to Langlade County, Wisconsin before settling in Tomahawk, Wisconsin in 1898. Brooks was a lumberman by trade. In 1891, he married Edith Belanger.

## Political career

Brooks was elected to the Assembly in 1904. Additionally, he was a member of the Langlade County board of supervisors and Chairman of the Lincoln County, Wisconsin board of supervisors. He was a Republican.
# Hermann Kriege

Hermann Kriege (1820-1850) was a German American revolutionary and journalist of the first half of the 19th century.
His journalistic activities supporting socialist ideas caused him to be arrested and jailed in 1844. After serving his sentence he traveled to Bremen, then London, and finally to New York.
In New York he wrote for the Volks-Tribun, a German language newspaper active in the 1840s. Following the Revolutions of 1848 he briefly returned to Germany but left soon after for the United States again. This time he settled in Chicago, where he became editor of the newly-formed Illinois Staats-Zeitung, a position he held until 1849, when he again returned to New York.
Kriege suffered from mental illness and died in the Bloomingdale Insane Asylum in 1850, at age 30.
# Bourletiella viridescens

Bourletiella viridescens is a species of springtail. Its common name is "Garden Springtail"
# Pernilla Stalfelt

Pernilla Stalfelt (born 1962) is a Swedish children's writer and illustrator. She has gained a reputation for successfully explaining difficult concepts to children in their own language, for example by presenting the Convention on the Rights of the Child in Hurrraa!!! All barns rätt (All Children's Rights). The Death Book, presenting death in children's terms obtained positive reviews when published in English in 2003.

## Biography

Born in Helga Trefaldighets församling in Uppsala County on 22 February 1962, Stalfelt was the daughter of the journalist Sven Olov Stalfelt and Ann-Marie Stalfelt, a physician. Barbro Lindgren's Loranga, Masarin och Dartanjang inspired her to become a children's writer. On completing high school, she studied at Uppsala University in the cultural section.
In 1996, she published the first in a series of works for children with boken (book) in the title. These included Hårboken (The Hair Book, 1996), Bajsboken (The Poop Book, 1997), Dödenboken (The Death Book, 1999) and Kärlekboken (The Love Book, 2001). Stalfeld is also employed by Stockholm's Moderna Museet as a cultural advisor.

## Selected publications

* Stalfelt, Pernilla (2002). The Death Book. Groundwood Books. ISBN 978-0-88899-482-0.
* Stalfelt, Pernilla (2002). The Love Book. Groundwood Books. ISBN 978-0-88899-455-4.
# Chicken Vesuvio

Chicken Vesuvio, a specialty of Chicago, is an Italian-American dish made from chicken on the bone and wedges of potato sauteed with garlic, oregano, white wine, and olive oil, then baked until the chicken's skin becomes crisp. The casserole is often garnished with a few green peas for color, although some more modern variations may omit some of these.
In Chicago, one also often finds the technique applied to other foods, like "steak Vesuvio", "pork chops Vesuvio", or even just "Vesuvio potatoes".
The origins of the dish are unknown, but some suggest it might have been popularized by the Vesuvio Restaurant, which operated at 15 E. Wacker Drive, Chicago, in the 1930s. Other food historians have suggested that variants of Chicken Vesuvio can be found among the chicken dishes of the traditional cuisines of southern Italy.
# Jess Simpson

Jess Simpson may refer to:
* Jess Simpson (footballer), an English association footballer (born 2005)
* Jess Simpson (coach), an American football coach (born 1970)
# Natural Bridge Battlefield Historic State Park

Natural Bridge Battlefield State Historic Site is a Florida State Park in Leon County, Florida. It is located roughly between the city of Tallahassee and the town of St. Marks. During the American Civil War, the Battle of Natural Bridge was fought here on March 6, 1865. The site is named for a natural bridge over the St. Marks River. The Civil War Trust, a division of the American Battlefield Trust, and its partners have acquired and preserved 110 acres of the battlefield park.

## Recreational Activities

The park has picnicking areas.

## Gallery

* Monument
* Park area
* Part of an American Civil War reenactment at the park