OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Model mate

A model mate is a type of pure mate checkmating position in chess in which:
* the checkmated king and all vacant squares in its field are attacked only once;
* squares in the king's field occupied by friendly units are not also attacked by the mating side (unless such a unit is necessarily pinned to the king); and
* all units of the mating side (with the possible exception of the king and pawns) participate actively in forming the mating net.
Model mates are extremely rare in practical play, but they add value to chess problems as they are considered artistic. In fact, they form the basis of the so-called Bohemian school of chess composition, most fruitful in threemovers and moremovers. Model mates are very usual in helpmates and they appear often in selfmates too.

## Examples

| | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | |
| 8 | | | | | | | | | 8 |
| 7 | | | | | | | | | 7 |
| 6 | | | | | | | | | 6 |
| 5 | | | | | | | | | 5 |
| 4 | | | | | | | | | 4 |
| 3 | | | | | | | | | 3 |
| 2 | | | | | | | | | 2 |
| 1 | | | | | | | | | 1 |
| | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | |
This example shows a problem by Miroslav Havel. The key 1. Bc5!! gives a flight square for the black king and threatens 2.Rxf6+ Ke4 3.Nf2# with a model mate. The main variations end with model mates from white batteries:
    1... Kf4 2. Nxf6 (threat 3.Qg4#) 2... e4 3. Nd7#, and
    1... Ke4 2. Nf2+ Kd5 3. Rc7#
There are several other variations (after 1...Ne4 and 1...Ke6), which do not end with model mates, and allow for multiple continuations. In the Bohemian school they are irrelevant, as long as they end with a mate in a prescribed number of moves.
| | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | |
| 8 | | | | | | | | | 8 |
| 7 | | | | | | | | | 7 |
| 6 | | | | | | | | | 6 |
| 5 | | | | | | | | | 5 |
| 4 | | | | | | | | | 4 |
| 3 | | | | | | | | | 3 |
| 2 | | | | | | | | | 2 |
| 1 | | | | | | | | | 1 |
| | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | |
This example shows a helpmate, in which both sides cooperate to achieve a mate to the black king. It has two solutions ending in model mates (Black moves first in helpmates):
    1. Re3 Ke6 2. Ke4 Rh4#, and
    1. Kc5 Kc7 2. Rc4 Nc6#
If all units of both colours are involved in a model mate, then it is an ideal mate. Both mates in the presented helpmate are ideal mates.
# Satyagraha House

Satyagraha House, commonly known as Gandhi House, is a museum and guest house located in Johannesburg. The house belonged to Mahatma Gandhi: he lived and worked there between 1908 and 1909. It is registered as part of Johannesburg's historical heritage. Satyagraha means insistence on truth. The house was designed by the architect Hermann Kallenbach for Gandhi and himself.

## History

Gandhi spent 21 years in South Africa, from 1893 until 1914, although he made visits to India and the UK during that time. It is said that Gandhi first learnt about racial discrimination when he was arrested at Pietermaritzburg railway station for travelling in a whites only wagon.
In 1904, Gandhi met Hermann Kallenbach, a Lithuanian-Jewish architect who had arrived in the country in 1896. In 1907, Kallenbach designed a house that was based on the shape of two local huts (rondavels) but made with European building methods. It was named the Kraal (barn in Afrikaans).
The house had stables and a tennis court, but both of them led a life of meditation and chastity. Gandhi slept in an attic room which he entered via a ladder, but he and Kallenbach shared the same kitchen and entertained their guests in the living room. The houses did not have connecting doors, and it was necessary to leave one house in order to enter the other. Kallenbach's life was transformed by their life together and the money that he spent on himself was cut to a tenth of its initial figure. They left in 1909, and the house had several owners before being bought in 2009 by the French travel company Voyageurs du Monde to the chagrin of the Government of India who wanted to acquire it as an Indian national monument. The French company had it restored and opened it to the public as a museum and guest house in 2011.
The museum is managed by Lauren Segal, who also manages other museums, including the Apartheid Museum. Satyagraha means "truth force", a reference to the concept of non-violent resistance developed by Gandhi when he lived in South Africa.
# Jurat (clause)

A jurat (short for Latin juratum (est), "it has been sworn", 3rd singular perfect passive of jurare, "to swear") is a clause at the foot of an affidavit showing when, where, and before whom the actual oath was sworn or affirmation was made.

## English and American law

In English and American law, a jurat is that part of an affidavit which contains the names of the parties swearing the affidavit, the actual statement that an oath or affirmation has been made, the person before whom it was sworn, the date, place and other necessary particulars. The jurat is usually located on the bottom of a document. A typical form would be Sworn to before me this Day of Month, 20__, with the signature of the witness, often a notary public, the venue, and sometimes other particulars. Old forms of jurats ran as Juratum... die... coram..., which then gave in English Sworn... this day... in front of....
Additionally, this term can be used for certain electronic forms, such as electronically filed tax returns in certain states, where the taxpayer(s) attest to the truth of the information contained. In the case of an electronically filed tax return, the taxpayer has to provide certain specific information—a social security number for example—to "sign" the jurat. Having done this, the electronically submitted return is considered to have the same legal effect as if the taxpayer had actually and physically signed the return.
# Justyn Węglorz

Justyn Węglorz (born 27 May 1958) is a Polish former basketball player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1980 Summer Olympics.
# Why Can't We Be a Family Again?

Why Can't We Be a Family Again? is a 2002 American short documentary film directed by Roger Weisberg and Murray Nossel about two African American brothers in Brooklyn struggling to reunite with their mother, a recovering drug addict. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short.
# George Bandy

George Bandy (February 7, 1945 – January 16, 2018) was an American Baptist minister and politician.
Bandy lived in Opelika, Alabama. He received his bachelor's degree from Morehouse College. Bandy served as the pastor of the Saint James Missionary Baptist Church in Opelika, Alabama. He served on the Opelika City Council and was the president pro tempore. Bandy also served on the Lee County Commission. Bandy served in the Alabama House of Representatives from the 83rd District, from 1994 until his death in 2018. Bandy was involved with the Democrat and served as chairman of the Alabama Democratic Conference. Bandy died on January 16, 2018, in a hospital in Macon, Georgia.
# Masar Ömer

Masar Ömer (born 12 June 1993) is a Finnish professional footballer who plays for FC Honka, as a striker. He is of Turkish descent.
# KPS

KPS may refer to:

## Organizations

* Communist Party of Slovenia
* Communist Party of Switzerland
* Evangelical Church of the Church Province of Saxony (Evangelische Kirche der Kirchenprovinz Sachsen)(1950–2009)
* Korean Physical Society
* KPS Capital Partners, an American investment company
* KPS Video Express, a defunct Hong Kong video rental company
* Korea Plant Service & Engineering

## Other uses

* Kampong Som (Sihanoukville), abbreviated
* Karnofsky performance status, in medicine
* Keratic precipitate, a disease
* Kilometres per second; see metre per second
* KPS Chemik Police, a Polish volleyball club
* Potassium persulfate
* Korean Positioning System
* Kempsey Airport, IATA airport code "KPS"
# Brückl

Brückl (Slovene: Mostič) is a town in the district of Sankt Veit an der Glan in the Austrian state of Carinthia.

## Geography

Brückl lies at the confluence of the Görtschitz and the Gurk between Magdalensberg and Saualpe.
# Sofia Kovalevskaya (film)

Sofya Kovalevskaya (Russian: Софья Ковалевская) is a 1985 biographical television miniseries, directed by Ayan Shakhmaliyeva and starring Elena Safonova.

## Synopsis

Epic film in three episodes, based on a true story of mathematician scientist Sofia Kovalevskaya. She was a Russian pioneer for women in Tzarist Russia. She was the first woman in the country to become a Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It seemed that the whole world was against her accomplishing this feat. In spite of all the obstacles she later got a Ph.D. in mathematics. However, as no Russian University would accept a woman, she had to emigrate to Western Europe for continuation of her career and studies. She had a daughter and family life. Sofya Kovalevskaya was eventually recognized in Russia. Leading scientists, like Academician Ivan Sechenov, took part in her education and career.

## Production

Film was produced by Gosteleradio state production company of the Soviet Union with the production crew of Ekran Studios, Moscow. Filming dates were in 1984 and 1985. Post-production was completed by Ekran studios, and at postproduction facilities of Lenfilm studios in St. Petersburg in the spring of 1985.

## Filming locations

Most scenes were filmed in St. Peterburg, Russia, where Sofia Kovalevskaya started her career in science. Some scenes of Western European cities were filmed in Baltic states. Scenes of Sofia Kovalevskaya as a student were filmed at St. Petersburg University.

## Main cast

* Elena Safonova as Sofya Kovalevskaya
* Aristarkh Livanov
* Natalya Sayko
* Algimantas Masyulis
* Lembit Ulfsak
* Aleksandr Filippenko as Dostoyevsky
* Yelena Arzhanik
* Yelena Solovey
* Yury Solomin
* Petr Shelokhonov as Academician Ivan Sechenov
* Vladimir Letenkov
* Stanislav Landgraf
* Vaiva Mainelyte
* Yelena Arzhanik
* Nikolai Kryukov

## Comments and connections

* This was the first leading role for actress Elena Safonova before she became an international film star.
* Premiered on the National TV of the Soviet Union in April 1985.
# Mouhcine Bouhlal

Mouhcine Bouhlal (Arabic: محسن بوهلال; born 22 April 1970) is a Moroccan former footballer. He competed in the 1992 African Cup of Nations and 1992 Summer Olympics.
# Jeong Gyeong-hun

Jeong Gyeong-hun (born 27 April 1961) is a South Korean modern pentathlete. He competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# Aladár Dobsa

Aladár Dobsa (28 December 1931 – 1 October 2016) was a Hungarian sports shooter. He competed in the 25 metre pistol event at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
# Bacon–Shor code

The Bacon–Shor code is a subsystem error correcting code. In a subsystem code, information is encoded in a subsystem of a Hilbert space. Subsystem codes lend to simplified error correcting procedures unlike codes which encode information in the subspace of a Hilbert space. This simplicity led to the first claim of fault tolerant circuit demonstration on a quantum computer. It is named after Dave Bacon and Peter Shor.
Given the stabilizer generators of Shor's code: $\langle X_{0}X_{1}X_{2}X_{3}X_{4}X_{5},X_{0}X_{1}X_{2}X_{6}X_{7}X_{8},Z_{0}Z_{1},Z_{1}Z_{2},Z_{3}Z_{4},Z_{4}Z_{5},Z_{6}Z_{7},Z_{7}Z_{8}\rangle$, 4 stabilizers can be removed from this generator by recognizing gauge symmetries in the code to get: $\langle X_{0}X_{1}X_{2}X_{3}X_{4}X_{5},X_{0}X_{1}X_{2}X_{6}X_{7}X_{8},Z_{0}Z_{1}Z_{3}Z_{4}Z_{6}Z_{7},Z_{1}Z_{2}Z_{4}Z_{5}Z_{7}Z_{8}\rangle$. Error correction is now simplified because 4 stabilizers are needed to measure errors instead of 8. A gauge group can be created from the stabilizer generators:$\langle Z_{1}Z_{2},X_{2}X_{8},Z_{4}Z_{5},X_{5}X_{8},Z_{0}Z_{1},X_{0}X_{6},Z_{3}Z_{4},X_{3}X_{6},X_{1}X_{7},X_{4}X_{7},Z_{6}Z_{7},Z_{7}Z_{8}\rangle$. Given that the Bacon–Shor code is defined on a square lattice where the qubits are placed on the vertices; laying the qubits on a grid in a way that corresponds to the gauge group shows how only 2 qubit nearest-neighbor measurements are needed to infer the error syndromes. The simplicity of deducing the syndromes reduces the overhead for fault tolerant error correction.
Geometry :
| q$_0$ | ZZ | q$_1$ | ZZ | q$_2$ |
| XX | | XX | | XX |
| q$_6$ | ZZ | q$_7$ | ZZ | q$_8$ |
| XX | | XX | | XX |
| q$_3$ | ZZ | q$_4$ | ZZ | q$_5$ |
# David Spraker

David Spraker (February 23, 1801 Stone Arabia, Montgomery County, New York — October 14, 1873) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.

## Life

He was the son of Jost Spraker (1765–1848) and Catherine (Fraser) Spraker (1767–1843). He graduated from Union College in 1822. Then he studied law with Marcus T. Reynolds in Amsterdam, with Alfred Conkling in Albany and with Daniel Cady in Johnstown; was admitted to the bar in 1825; and commenced practice in Canajoharie. Until 1835, he was an associate judge of the Montgomery County Court.
He was a member of the New York State Senate (4th D.) from 1836 to 1839, sitting in the 59th, 60th, 61st and 62nd New York State Legislatures.
In 1845, he married Harriet F. Rowan (c. 1825–1907), and they had six children.
He was Postmaster of Canajoharie; a delegate to the 1860 Democratic National Conventions in Charleston and Baltimore; and President of the Canajoharie Academy, and the Montgomery County Insurance Company.

## Sources

* The New York Civil List compiled by Franklin Benjamin Hough (pages 131f and 145; Weed, Parsons and Co., 1858)
* Caucuses of 1860 by M. Halstead (Columbus OH, 1860; pg. 14)
* Post Office Directory (1856; pg. 115)
* David Spraker Bio transcribed from The Illustrated History of Montgomery and Fulton Counties (1878); at NY Gen Web
* Spraker genealogy at Family Tree Maker
# Józef Łaszewski

Józef Łaszewski (30 November 1901 – ?) was a Polish rower. He competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam with the men's eight where they were eliminated in the quarter-final.
# Point of View (film)

Point of View is a 1965 American short documentary film. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short.
# Walter Hall (American politician)

Walter Hall (born April 10, 1963) is an American Insurance agent and politician serving as a member of the West Virginia House of Delegates from the 58th district. Elected on November 8, 2022, he assumed office on December 1, 2022.

## Biography

Hall was born in South Charleston, West Virginia to parents Kyle L. Hall and Barbara A. Hall. He is a Baptist and attends Grace Baptist Temple in St. Albans, West Virginia. He went to high school at Saint Albans High School and graduated from Marshall University with a B.B.A in marketing.
# András Balczó

András Balczó (born 16 August 1938) is a retired Hungarian modern pentathlete. He competed at the 1960, 1968 and 1972 Olympics in the individual and team events and won three gold and two silver medal; he missed only one medal, finishing fourth individually in 1960.
Balczó was elected Hungarian Sportsman of the Year 1966, 1969 and 1972, while the pentathlon team was several times chosen as the Hungarian Team of the Year. He was awarded the title of Merited Master of Sport of the USSR in 1972, along with eight other athletes from outside USSR.
He is considered one of the most successful athletes in the history of modern pentathlon. His wife Mónika Császár is a former Olympic gymnast.
# Sussex Place

Sussex Place is a residential facility in Regent's Park, London. It is the home of the London Business School. It is a Grade I listed building.

## History

The building was designed by John Nash and built by William Smith, being completed in 1823. The building, which features ten pointed cupolas along the roof line and a façade adorned with Corinthian columns, was originally built as 26 terraced houses. William Crockford, the proprietor of the St James's Club in St James's Street, lived at No. 26 in the 1840s.
It was acquired by the London Business School and converted for educational use in the late 1960s.
The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists had its headquarters from 1960 to 2019 at 27 Sussex Place (adjacent to the London Business School main building). It sold its lease to London Business School in 2017.
# Klingers, Michigan

Klingers is an unincorporated community based around the nearby Klinger Lake located inside St. Joseph County in the southwest region of the U.S. state of Michigan.

## Geography

The community is situated at the junction of U.S. Highway 12 and County Road 133 (Klinger Lake Road) at 41°47′35″N 85°31′34″W﻿ / ﻿41.79306°N 85.52611°W﻿ / 41.79306; -85.52611. It is on the boundary approximately midway between Sturgis Township to the east and White Pigeon Township to the west.
Klinger Lake is nearby to the northwest within White Pigeon Township. The lake empties into the Fawn River via the Sherman Mill Creek, which also drains Tamarack Lake and Thompson Lake to the northeast.

## History

The community began with a station named "Douglas" on the Michigan Southern Railroad, later part of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway. When a post office with the name "Klinger's Lake" opened September 26, 1879, with Erastus P. Moon as the first postmaster, the station name was also changed. The name changed to "Klingers" on October 5, 1895, and was discontinued on May 31, 1937. The lake and community were named for Peter Klinger who had settled nearby in 1827. The name appears on various maps as Klinger, Klingers, or Klinger's Lake. Klinger Lake County Club is located nearby.
# Sakari Honkala

Heikki Sakari Honkala (1895 – 9 April 1966) was a Finnish agronomist, farmer and politician, born in Vanaja. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1933 until 1936, representing the Patriotic People's Movement (IKL). He was a presidential elector in the 1931, 1937, 1940 and 1943 presidential elections. He participated in the Finnish Civil War on the White side.
# James Mackin

James Mackin (December 25, 1822 in Newburgh, Orange County, New York – March 1887) was an American merchant, banker and politician.

## Life

He lived at Fishkill Landing where he was a merchant and real estate agent. He was appointed Postmaster of Fishkill during the presidency of Zachary Taylor and kept the post for about four years. In July 1858, he married Sarah E. Wiltse (d. 1862).
He had been a Whig, and joined the Republican Party upon its foundation in 1855. He was a supervisor of the Town of Fishkill in 1858 and 1859 and was Chairman of the Board of Supervisors in 1859. He was a Republican member of the New York State Assembly (Dutchess Co., 1st D.) in 1859.
In 1872, he was President of the Village of Fishkill Landing. He was again a member of the State Assembly in 1873, 1874 and 1875. He was a delegate to the 1876 Democratic National Convention at St. Louis, Missouri. He was New York State Treasurer from 1878 to 1879, elected at the New York state election, 1877, but defeated for re-election at the New York state election, 1879. On October 10, 1878, bank-robbers attempted to rob the First National Bank of Fishkill Landing of which Mackin was President. On November 13, 1878, at St. Louis, he married Sallie Britton, the daughter of James H. Britton, Mayor of St. Louis 1875-1876.
He was a member of the New York State Senate (13th D.) in 1882 and 1883.
He was buried in the churchyard of the Reformed Dutch Church at Fishkill Landing (now Beacon, New York) in the same vault with his first wife.
In 1895, his widow published her memoirs, International Reminiscences.

## Sources

* Political Graveyard
* Biographical Sketches of the State Officers and Members of the Legislature in the State of New York in 1859 by Wm. D. Murphy (pages 189f; C. Van Benthuysen, Albany NY, 1859)
* Old gravestones at the Dutch Reformed Churchyard, at rootsweb
* History of Fishkill
* His first marriage, in NYT on July 10, 1858
* The bank robbery, in NYT on October 11, 1878
* His wedding, in NYT on November 17, 1878
* Prognosis on his chances of being elected State Senator, in NYT on November 7, 1881
* Election results, in NYT on November 9, 1881
* His funeral, in NYT on March 10, 1887
* His widow's book, in NYT on November 17, 1895
New York State Assembly :
| Preceded byAlbert Emans | New York State Assembly Dutchess County, 1st District 1859 | Succeeded byAbiah W. Palmer |
| Political offices |||
| Preceded byCharles N. Ross | New York State Treasurer 1878–1879 | Succeeded byNathan D. Wendell |
| New York State Senate |||
| Preceded byEdward M. Madden | New York State Senate 13th District 1882–1883 | Succeeded byHenry R. Low |
# Kajetan Kryszkiewicz

Kajetan Kryszkiewicz (28 July 1908 – 2 October 1982) was a Polish footballer who played as a forward. He represented Warta Poznań and also capped twice for the Poland national team without scoring any goals. He began his career in Posnania Poznań, later moving to Warta Poznań, a powerhouse of Polish football in the 1930s. In 1932, he was the top scorer of the Ekstraklasa, with 16 goals.
Kryszkiewicz continued playing for Warta until 1938.

## Honours

Individual
* Ekstraklasa top scorer: 1932
# Children at Work

Children at Work (Irish: Páistí ag obair) is a 1973 Irish short documentary film produced by Louis Marcus. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short.
# Jessie Ulibarri

Jessie Ulibarri is an American politician from Commerce City, Colorado. A Democrat, Ulibarri served four years in the Colorado Senate representing District 21 in Adams County. Ulibarri worked on the 2013 bill to allow Colorado same-sex couples to form civil unions.

## Biography

Ulibarri graduated from the University of Colorado, and became the first person in his family to receive a bachelor's degree. In 2013, Ulibarri completed Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government program for Senior Executives in State and Local Government as a David Bohnett LGBTQ Victory Institute Leadership Fellow. His employment history includes working as a policy fellow with the office of Congressman Luis Gutierrez (D-Illinois), as Public Policy Director with the ACLU of Colorado, and as Senior Managing Associate for JVA Consulting.
Ulibarri was elected to the senate in 2012, beating Republican Francine Bigelow 64%-36%. His candidacy was endorsed by the Colorado Conservation Voters and the Gay & Lesbian Victory Fund. He did not run for re-election in 2016. Ulibarri is currently the Director of the State Innovation Exchange.
He now lives in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, with his partner, Louis. They have two children.
# North Heath

North Heath is a hamlet in the Horsham District of West Sussex, England. It lies just off the A29 road 1.9 miles (3 km) north of Pulborough.
The Brinsbury Campus of Chichester College occupies 250 hectares with a working farm and horticultural and equestrian teaching facilities.

## Climate

Climate data for North Heath (1991–2020) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.5 (47.3) | 9.0 (48.2) | 11.7 (53.1) | 14.8 (58.6) | 17.6 (63.7) | 20.6 (69.1) | 23.3 (73.9) | 22.9 (73.2) | 19.9 (67.8) | 15.8 (60.4) | 11.8 (53.2) | 9.2 (48.6) | 15.5 (59.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.5 (36.5) | 2.2 (36.0) | 3.4 (38.1) | 4.6 (40.3) | 6.9 (44.4) | 9.6 (49.3) | 11.7 (53.1) | 11.5 (52.7) | 9.4 (48.9) | 7.0 (44.6) | 4.4 (39.9) | 2.6 (36.7) | 6.3 (43.3) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 92.3 (3.63) | 63.4 (2.50) | 52.5 (2.07) | 52.5 (2.07) | 46.8 (1.84) | 55.9 (2.20) | 63.2 (2.49) | 63.6 (2.50) | 63.3 (2.49) | 103.3 (4.07) | 103.1 (4.06) | 98.2 (3.87) | 858.7 (33.81) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 55.2 | 83.0 | 117.8 | 170.1 | 205.0 | 199.6 | 215.9 | 196.6 | 148.1 | 109.2 | 66.2 | 54.0 | 1,621.2 |
| Source: Met Office ||||||||||||||
# András Keresztúri

András Keresztúri (born 2 November 1967) is a Hungarian footballer who last played for Békéscsabai Előre as striker.
# László Csoknyai

László Csoknyai (born 25 October 1987, in Dunaújváros) is a Hungarian judoka. He competed in the men's 81 kg event at the 2012 Summer Olympics; after defeating Putu Wiradamungga in the second round, he was eliminated by Kim Jae-bum in the third round. He also competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the men's 81 kg event, in which he was eliminated by Takanori Nagase in the second round.