OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Surat Singh

Raja Surat Singh CSI (1810–1881) was a Punjabi Jagirdar, a military officer in the Khalsa Army, and a member of the renowned Majithia family.

## Biography

He was born in Majitha to Sardar Attar Singh of the Sher-Gill Jat clan. With his father, he participated in many campaigns under Ranjit Singh. In 1843 he succeeded his father. During the First Anglo-Sikh War he was responsible for maintaining order in Naushera.
He was a notable advocate of rebellion prior to the start of the Second Anglo-Sikh War. On Sher Singh leaving Multan, he was placed in command of one division of his army, consisting of two thousand men and two guns. He led a march to Jalalpur which was noted for its excesses, including the defilement of mosques at Chiniot and Jhang, and plundering two lakhs of government money. After the Battle of Gujrat, his jagirs were confiscated and he was banished to Benares on a pension of Rs. 720 per annum.
At the start of the Indian Rebellion of 1857, Surat Singh remained in exile in Benares. In June 1857 a corps of Ludhiana Sikhs serving in the 37th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry in Benares was accused of disloyalty and had guns directed at them. This incensed the corps who charged at the guns, suffering many loses. Nearby a Sikh regiment was guarding the Benares treasury, and on hearing the treatment of the Ludhiana Sikhs, threatened to mutiny. Surat Singh visited the regiment and using his personal influence discouraged them from rebelling. Later in the rebellion he commanded troops on various occasions in the field, and on 6 July was wounded by a sabre to the thigh by a body of Rajputs who had attacked Benares.
For his services in 1857, he was awarded a pension of Rs. 4,800 per annum, and awarded a jagir in perpetuity in Dumri, Gorakhpur. He was also allowed to return to the Punjab. In 1875 he was made an Honorary Magistrate and granted civil-judicial powers in Majithia. In 1877 he was awarded the title of Raja and made a Companion of the Star of India.
He died in 1881 and was succeeded by his eldest son Umrao Singh Sher-Gil. His granddaughter through Umrao Singh was the artist Amrita Sher-Gil. His younger son Sundar Singh Majithia became a prominent politician in the Punjab.
# Middle Norrland

Middle Norrland (Swedish: Mellersta Norrland) is a national area (riksområde) of Sweden. The national areas are a part of the NUTS statistical regions of Sweden.

## Geography

The region is situated in the north of the county, partly in the area of Sápmi. It is the second for extension and the lesser populated. It borders with Norway and the riksområden of Upper Norrland and North Middle Sweden.
The most populous cities are Sundsvall, Östersund, Örnsköldsvik and Härnösand.

## Subdivision

Middle Norrland includes 2 counties:
* Jämtland (seat: Östersund)
* Västernorrland (seat: Härnösand)

## Economy

The Gross domestic product (GDP) of the region was 17.0 billion € in 2021, accounting for 3.2% of Swedish economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 29,700 € or 105% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 102% of the EU average.
# Laurie Dolan

Laurie Bruce Hutchison Dolan (born 1952) is an American educator and politician who serves as a member of the Washington House of Representatives for the 22nd legislative district. Prior to her election to the State House, Dolan worked as the policy director for Washington Governor Christine Gregoire and made two unsuccessful runs for a seat in the State Senate.

## Early life and education

Dolan was born in Washington and raised in Spokane, Washington. She earned a Bachelor's degree from the University of Washington, and a Masters and PhD from Gonzaga University.

## Career

After graduating from college, Dolan returned to Spokane and became an elementary school teacher. In 1986, Dolan became an Area Director (supervisor of school principals) of Spokane Public Schools. In 2004, Dolan retired from education and ran for the state senate in Eastern Washington. In 2005, Dolan became policy director to then-Governor Christine Gregoire. Dolan was elected to the Washington House of Representatives in 2017, succeeding Chris Reykdal, who was elected Washington Superintendent of Public Instruction.
# Josephine Gordon

Josephine Gordon (born 16 May 1993) is a British jockey who competes in Flat racing. In 2016 Gordon won the British flat racing Champion Apprentice title, becoming only the third female jockey to win that title after Hayley Turner and Amy Ryan.
Gordon began her association with horses at her mother's livery stable but her early jockey career saw a period of 18 months between her first and second winners. She worked with retired jockey John Reid as a coach and became apprentice jockey at the stable of trainer Stan Moore. Her second winner came in June 2015 and she progressed to ride more than 70 winners in 2016, including 50 in the apprentice championship. She has also ridden for major trainers Sir Michael Stoute and Hugo Palmer. Shortly after clinching her title she was given a first ride by the Godolphin Racing organisation. In December 2016 Gordon was honoured twice at the annual Lester Awards, receiving the awards for Apprentice of the Year and Lady Jockey of the Year.
In 2017, she won her first big handicap race, the Victoria Cup at Ascot for William Haggas. Gordon rode her first group race winner when Koropick won the Chipchase Stakes at Newcastle in July 2017. She followed it up with a second Group 3 win for Hugo Palmer in the Princess Royal Stakes on Apphia on 29 September. She beat her 2016 total of winners and finished 24th in the jockeys' championship. In November she rode her 100th winner of the year, becoming the second female jockey to reach this milestone after Hayley Turner in 2008. In February, 2019 Gordon decided to go freelance.
# Alec McLean

Alexander Robert McLean QSO (born 18 October 1950) is a former New Zealand rower who won an Olympic bronze medal.

## Early life and family

Born in Wellington, New Zealand, on 18 October 1950, McLean was educated at Onslow College. In 1975, he married Denise Holmwood, and the couple had three children. He remarried Dinah Jane Okeby in 1990, and they had at least two more children.

## Rowing career

At the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal he crewed the eight along with Tony Hurt, Ivan Sutherland, Trevor Coker, Peter Dignan, Lindsay Wilson, Joe Earl and Dave Rodger and Simon Dickie (cox).
He was a member of New Zealand rowing eight between 1974 and 1976. He won a bronze medal at the 1974 World Rowing Championships in Lucerne, Switzerland. He was again a bronze medallist at the 1975 World Rowing Championships in Nottingham, England.

## Career as a public servant

McLean worked for the New Zealand Customs Department from 1968 until 1978, before becoming a parliamentary private secretary. Until 2008 he served two prime ministers, Robert Muldoon (1979–1981) and Helen Clark (1999 - 2008), and ministers including Ministers of Customs Peter Wilkinson (1978) and Hugh Templeton (1979), Ministers of Social Welfare Venn Young (1984), Ann Hercus (1984–1987), and Michael Cullen (1989), Minister of Finance Roger Douglas (1984–1987), Minister of Health Helen Clark (1990), and deputy prime minister Don McKinnon (1990–1993). McLean then served as deputy official secretary to the Governor-General of New Zealand from 2009 to 2012. From March 2012 McLean returned to parliament as private secretary to David Shearer, Leader of the Opposition.
From October 2014 to May 2015, McLean worked as property manager at Caniwi Capital Partners, in Wellington.
In June 2015, he again returned to parliament as executive assistant to David Shearer, MP for Mount Albert. After Shearer's departure from Parliament in December 2016 to take up a position with the United Nations, McLean became executive assistant to the new Mt Roskill MP, Michael Wood, Revenue spokesperson for the Labour opposition. In October 2017, Mclean took up the interim position as senior private secretary to Grant Robertson, Minister of Finance in the new Labour-led Government. McLean retired in December 2017.

## Honours and awards

McLean was appointed a Companion of the Queen's Service Order for public services in the New Zealand 2010 New Year Honours. He was also awarded the New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal.
# Mount French (Alberta)

Mount French is a 3,244-metre (10,643-foot) summit in the Spray Mountains range of the Canadian Rockies in Alberta, Canada. The mountain is situated in Peter Lougheed Provincial Park of Kananaskis Country. French is the second highest point in the Spray Mountains Range. Its nearest higher peak, and highest in the Spray Range, is Mount Sir Douglas, 3.0 km (1.9 mi) to the west. Mount French can be seen from Alberta Highway 742, the Smith-Dorrien/Spray Trail.

## History

It was named in 1915 by Morrison P. Bridgland (1878-1948), a Dominion Land Surveyor after Sir John French (1852-1925). French was Commander-in-chief of the British Forces (1914-1915) during the first 16 months of World War I, and in 1922 he was named the first Earl of Ypres.
The first ascent was made in 1921 by M. Morton Jr. and H.S. Hall Jr., with Edward Feuz Jr. as guide.
The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1924 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.

## Geology

Mount French is composed of sedimentary rock laid down during the Precambrian to Jurassic periods. Formed in shallow seas, this sedimentary rock was pushed east and over the top of younger rock during the Laramide orogeny. The French Glacier resides immediately west of the peak. The Haig Glacier, largest singular glacier in Kananaskis Country, lies to the south. The Smith-Dorrien Glacier is situated on the east side of Mount French.

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount French is located in a subarctic climate with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C.
# Cedric Burnett

Cedric Burnett (born February 24, 1966) is a Democratic member of the Mississippi House of Representatives. He has represented the state's 9th House district, composed of parts of Coahoma, Quitman, Tate, and Tunica counties, since 2016.

## Biography

Cedric Burnett was born on February 24, 1966, in Sardis, Mississippi. He attended Northwest Community College and the University of Memphis. He is a mortician by career. In 2015, he was elected to represent Mississippi's 9th House district, composed of portions of Coahoma, Quitman, Tate, and Tunica counties, in the Mississippi House of Representatives, and was inaugurated in 2016. In the 2020–2024 term, he is the chairman of the House's Youth and Family Affairs Committee.
# Naco (slang)

Naco (fem. naca) is a pejorative word often used in Mexican Spanish that may be translated into English as "low-class", "uncultured", "vulgar" or "uncivilized ".
A naco (Spanish: ) is usually associated with lower socio-economic classes. Although, it is used across all socioeconomic classes, when associated with middle - upper income people, it means “vulgar”, “bad taste”, and “pretentious”.

## Definition and usage

The Cuban lexicographer Felix Ramos y Duarte, in his Diccionario de Mejicanísmos (1895), records the word for the first time. He explains it as usual in Tlaxcala (Mexico) and defines it with the following terms: "Indian dressed in blue cotton, white underpants and guaraches".
The term naco is generally used to describe people, behaviors or aesthetic choices seen as unrefined or unsophisticated, often in a comic way. As a person, the "naco" may display a general lack of refinement by adopting a "gangster mentality", unrefined verbal expressions or slang, peculiar accents, lack of social manners, or comically bad taste. The word likely originated as a contraction of "totonaco" referring to the members of the Totonac people, which is sometimes used as a disparaging term for indigenous people in general.
The term is often associated to lower social classes, but it is also used as an elitist expression from the educated to describe the uneducated, and among the middle and upper classes as a synonym of bad taste. In many situations, the word has derogatory intentions.
The Mexican definition of a naco does not translate into the American term redneck or hillbilly, which is a subculture and found within all 5 main social classes often with educational degrees and or diplomas.

## Sociolinguistic use

In recent decades, the middle and upper classes in Mexico have experienced a rapid expansion due to, among other things, economic development and urbanization. The new middle class and "nouveau riche" have entered the competition on status symbols such as cars, houses, and jewelry, which have given rise to the term "naco" as a form of cultural or economic elitism. Mexicans of higher status often see extravagant displays of wealth as making a person more naco, in that they make spectacles of themselves by overcompensating for lower social status. The word naco is mostly used for ignorant people.
Within the last few decades, there have been movements in embracing the term and redefining it for self identity and pride. The title of the 1987 album by the band Botellita de Jerez is: "Naco es chido", which means "being naco is cool".
# Justin Carrigan

Justin Carrigan (born c. 1980) is an American athletic director and former college football coach. He is the athletic director for Liberty Hill High School, a position he has held since 2023. He was the deputy athletic director for the University of Texas Permian Basin in 2023 and the school's head football coach from its inception in 2015 until 2022. He also coached for Midwestern State, UTEP, and Tarleton State. He played college football for Angelo State as a safety.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Bowl/playoffs |
| UT Permian Basin Falcons (Lone Star Conference) (2016–2022) ||||||
| 2016 | UT Permian Basin | 2–9 | 0–9 | 10th | |
| 2017 | UT Permian Basin | 2–9 | 1–7 | T–8th | |
| 2018 | UT Permian Basin | 2–9 | 1–7 | 8th | |
| 2019 | UT Permian Basin | 4–7 | 2–6 | 7th | |
| 2020–21 | UT Permian Basin | 5–0 | 0–0 | N/A | |
| 2021 | UT Permian Basin | 5–6 | 3–4 | T–5th | L Heritage |
| 2022 | UT Permian Basin | 5–6 | 4–5 | 7th | |
| UT Permian Basin: | UT Permian Basin: | 25–36 | 11–28 | | |
| Total: | Total: | 25–36 | | | |
# König Rother

König Rother ('King Rother') is the earliest Middle High German epic poem. It consists of 5,204 lines of rhymed couplets. The author is unknown, but was probably a clergyman writing in Bavaria. It was written no earlier than 1152, probably before 1180. The earliest manuscript, Heidelberg Cpg 390, is from around 1200 and is also the only complete copy. Three fragmentary manuscripts from the 13th and 14th centuries are known.
The theme of König Rother is the "dangerous bridal quest". Traditionally classified as a Spielmannsdichtung, today it is more often labelled "pre-courtly epic". The story is probably based on orally transmitted accounts of historical events, but its treatment is entirely fictional. King Rother, for example, may be a reflection of King Rothari or King Roger II of Sicily, both of whom ruled in Italy. In the story, Rother, whose capital is Bari, needs a wife to ensure his succession. He pursues the daughter of Emperor Konstantin of Constantinople, who has the habit of executing her suitors. Rother outsmarts the emperor and takes the girl back to his kingdom, but her father's sends a ship to take her back. In a second effort, Rother goes in disguise to Constantinople, but is identified and sentenced to death. He is saved by a pre-planned military intervention and finally receives his bride.
# Jimmy Hegarty

Jimmy Hegarty (born 1940) was a hurling goalkeeper for Galway between 1957 and 1983. Jimmy started his career with the Galway minor hurling team in 1957 when he played against Tipperary in an All Ireland Semi Final. He played his club hurling for Liam Mellows and Castlegar in Galway, Roscrea in county Tipperary and Emerald Hurling club in London. He began his senior career with Galway in 1960 when he impressed as a substitute against Waterford in the Munster Championship.
# Allan Boath

Allan Roderick Boath (born 14 February 1958 in Dundee, Scotland) is a former association football player, who represented New Zealand at international level.

## Career

Having been developed as a player through the Celtic Boys Club, Boath signed for Dundee United but never played for the first team. He then played for Forfar Athletic for one season, making 15 appearances in the Scottish Football League.
Boath emigrated to New Zealand in 1978. He qualified to play for New Zealand through residency laws and made 38 A-International appearances for New Zealand, scoring six times.
He represented the All Whites for all three matches at the 1982 FIFA World Cup in Spain, where they lost to Scotland, USSR and Brazil.

## Honours

New Zealand
* Trans-Tasman Cup: 1983, 1987
# Joseph Jackson (typefounder)

Joseph Jackson (1733 – 14 January 1792) was a British engraver and typefounder who cut, cast and sold metal type. His foundry was based at Salisbury Square in London. He employed Vincent Figgins as an apprentice. He was in poor health towards the end of his life, but left a considerable fortune. He was also deacon of the Church of Christ, Barbican. He married first Elizabeth (d. 1783) and then Mary (d. 14 Sept 1792). As he was childless, on his death, his estate mostly left to his fourteen nephews and nieces and his type foundry was taken over by William Caslon III. He was buried at Spa Fields Chapel; a sermon was preached on his death by John Towers. His tombstone described him as "a truly honest man and a good Christian ... universally respected".
# Joe Hackett (tennis)

Joseph Dominic Hackett (born 4 August 1925) is an Irish former tennis player. He was also capped for Leinster in rugby union and captained Old Belvedere R.F.C.
Hackett, who made his first Irish Championship final aged 16, was active on the tennis circuit from the 1940s to the early 1960s. An Ireland Davis Cup player from 1950 to 1961, Hackett won four singles and four doubles rubbers, then later served the team as non playing captain. He was a regular participant at Wimbledon in the 1950s.
# Joe McNally (Gaelic footballer)

Joe McNally (born c. 1964) is a former Gaelic footballer who played for the St Anne's club and at senior level for the Dublin county team. He was awarded an All Star in 1983 for his performances with Dublin. He won an All-Ireland Minor medal with Dublin as a goalkeeper in 1982 and a senior medal as a corner forward in 1983. He is the only player in the history of Gaelic football to win an All-Ireland Minor medal and Senior medal in successive years. The St Anne's man won titles for his club, county, province and country. A prolific goalscorer, he scored 26 goals for Dublin in league and championship.
# John Blake (hurler)

John Blake (born 1 November 1957) is an Irish former hurler who played as a left corner back at senior level for the Cork county team.
Born in Mallow, County Cork, Blake first arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of twenty-three when he first linked up with the Cork senior team as a member of the extended panel for the 1981 championship. Blake later became a regular member of the starting fifteen over the next few years and won three Munster medals. He won one All-Ireland medal as an unused substitute, as well as being an All-Ireland runner-up on two occasions.
At club level Blake won one Munster medal and five championship medals with St Finbarr's.

## Honours
### St Finbarr's

* Munster Senior Club Hurling Championship (1): 1980
* Cork Senior Hurling Championship (6): 1980, 1981, 1982, 1984, 1988, 1993

### Cork

* All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (1): 1984 (sub)
* Munster Senior Hurling Championship (3): 1982, 1984, 1985
# John Conway (footballer, born 1951)

John Conway (born 11 July 1951) is an Irish former footballer, who played in the 1960s and 1970s.
John was a midfielder who played his schoolboy football for the Stella Maris before moving on to Bohemians amongst others during his career in the League of Ireland. He made 2 appearances in European competition for Bohs and won the FAI Cup with the club in 1970. Between 1971 and 1975, Conway played for English side Fulham. He only played 38 league matches for Fulham, scoring six goals.
Conway then moved to Switzerland to sign for FC Winterthur. He came home to sign for Shamrock Rovers in February 1976 under manager Mick Meagan but returned to Winterthur in 1977. He retired in 1981 and now lives in Germany.
His more famous brother Jimmy also had a spell at Bohemians before moving abroad.

## Honours

* FAI Cup:
** Bohemians - 1970
* League of Ireland Cup:
** Shamrock Rovers - 1976/77
# Alloplant

Alloplant is a biomaterial made from cartilage used for eye surgery in some clinics in Russia. Experts warn that claims about its alleged regenerative properties by its inventor have not been documented in medical literature.

## Origin

The compound has been developed by Bashkir ophthalmologist and mystic Ernst Muldashev in the 1970s. Muldashev claims to have invented Allplant after an expedition in Tibet gave him innate and unprecedented understanding of certain worldly ideas and concepts beyond peer-reviewed medicine.
According to Muldashev, Alloplant is biomaterial harvested from recently deceased donors. He used Alloplant in eye surgery to improve the rejection rate of tissue grafts. After a high-profile case in 2000 where a patient gained some eye function despite an allegedly incurable condition, Muldashev eventually gained government support to use his compound at an ophthalmology and plastic surgery clinic in his home city of Ufa.

## Claims

Muldashev has claimed variously that Alloplant works by regenerating dead tissue it's in contact with, or by attracting stem cells that proceed to differentiate to rebuild damaged structures in the eye, or prevent further spread of the condition.
He claims this material, surgically implanted in the eye, will help cure or stop the progression of a vast array of diseases and conditions, such as retinitis pigmentosa, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, optic nerve atrophy, glaucoma, progressive myopia and retinopathy of prematurity.
Expert ophthalmologists contacted by the media say scientific literature include no studies validating Muldashev's claims about Alloplant. In 2009, the ophthalmologist-in-chief for the University Health Network insisted the treatment had not been presented or discussed in medical conferences. The chief of clinical trials at the U.S. National Institutes of Health's Eye Institute indicated she was unaware of Allopant. Two ophthalmologists from Nevada had published a paper in 2008 concluding that the alloplant method reduced intraocular pressure, one of the main ways of treating glaucoma, and assisted tissue regeneration.