OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bruce Grubbs

Bruce Grubbs is an American politician who served as a member of the Montana House of Representatives for the 68th district from 2017 to 2021.

## Early life and education

Grubbs grew up in Detroit and graduated from the University of Michigan in 1972. He moved to Bozeman in 1982.

## Political career

Grubbs was previously a member of the Bozeman, Montana School Board.
In 2016, Grubbs ran for election to represent District 68 in the Montana House of Representatives, challenging incumbent Art Wittich, as well as Michael Comstock, in the Republican primary. Grubbs won the three-way primary with 45.12% of the vote, and went on to win the general election with 74.37% of the vote. He was reelected in 2018, defeating Ron Murray in the Republican primary and Seth Mangini in the general election.
In 2020, Grubbs ran for reelection again, but lost the Republican primary to Caleb Hinkle.

## Elections

2016 Republican primary: Montana House of Representatives, District 68 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Bruce Grubbs | 712 | 45.1 |
| | Republican | Art Wittich (incumbent) | 602 | 38.2% |
| | Republican | Michael Comstock | 264 | 16.7% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 1,578 | 100.0 |
2016 general election: Montana House of Representatives, District 68 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Bruce Grubbs (incumbent) | 3,700 | 74.4 |
| | Democratic | David Andes | 1,275 | 25.6 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 4,975 | 100.0 |
2018 Republican primary: Montana House of Representatives, District 68 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Bruce Grubbs (incumbent) | 756 | 56.7% |
| | Republican | Ron Murray | 577 | 43.3% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 1,333 | 100.0 |
2018 general election: Montana House of Representatives, District 68 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Bruce Grubbs (incumbent) | 3,386 | 67.4 |
| | Democratic | Seth Mangini | 1,637 | 32.6 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 5,023 | 100.0 |
2020 Republican primary: Montana House of Representatives, District 68 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Caleb Hinkle | 1,316 | 57.7 |
| | Republican | Bruce Grubbs (incumbent) | 964 | 42.3% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 2,280 | 100.0 |
# 1935 Illinois Fighting Illini football team

The 1935 Illinois Fighting Illini football team was an American football team that represented the University of Illinois during the 1935 college football season. In their 23rd season under head coach Robert Zuppke, the Illini compiled a 3–5 record and finished in a tie for last place in the Big Ten Conference. Guard Ed Gryboski was selected as the team's most valuable player.
On November 9, 1935, Illinois defeated Michigan, 3 to 0, before a homecoming crowd of 28,136 at a rainy Memorial Stadium in Champaign, Illinois. In a low-scoring match, Lowell Spurgeon kicked a 22-yard field goal for Illinois in the second quarter. Michigan's offense was stifled by the Illinois defense. The Wolverines gained only 10 yards of total offense and secured only one first down, that one coming on an Illinois penalty for running into the punter in the third quarter. Michigan threw only two forward passes, with either one or both of them resulting in an interception.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 28 | Ohio* | Memorial StadiumChampaign, IL | L 0–6 | 19,404 |
| October 5 | Washington University* | Memorial StadiumChampaign, IL | W 28–6 | 18,886 |
| October 12 | at USC* | Los Angeles Memorial ColiseumLos Angeles | W 19–0 | 50,000 |
| October 26 | Iowa | Memorial StadiumChampaign, IL | L 0–19 | 26,647 |
| November 2 | at Northwestern | Dyche StadiumEvanston, IL (rivalry) | L 3–10 | 36,000 |
| November 9 | Michigan | Memorial StadiumChampaign, IL (rivalry) | W 3–0 | 28,136 |
| November 16 | at Ohio State | Ohio StadiumColumbus, OH (rivalry) | L 0–6 | 43,000 |
| November 23 | Chicago | Memorial StadiumChampaign, IL | L 6–7 | 12,536 |
| *Non-conference game ||||||
# Standing on the Edge of the Noise

Standing on the Edge of the Noise is an hour long video of the rock band Oasis performing in their rehearsal space Black Island Studios in front of 100 fans prior to touring in 2008. It is also the name of a track on Oasis' successor band Beady Eye's debut album.
The video was filmed by long time video collaborator Dick Carruthers. An edit for TV was shown on 4Music on 23 November 2008, and on Channel 4 on 29 November 2008.
"Standing on the Edge of the Noise" was also a song written by Gem Archer, released when Beady Eye included it on their debut album, 2011's Different Gear, Still Speeding.

## Track list

(TV edit)
* "Rock 'n' Roll Star" Intro
* "The Shock of the Lightning"
* "To Be Where There's Life"
* "Waiting for the Rapture"
* "The Masterplan"
* "Songbird"
* "Slide Away"
* "Ain't Got Nothin'"
* "The Importance of Being Idle"
* "I'm Outta Time"
* "Supersonic"
* "Don't Look Back in Anger"
* "Falling Down"
(complete show)
* "Rock 'n' Roll Star"
* "Lyla"
* "The Shock of the Lightning"
* "Cigarettes & Alcohol"
* "The Meaning of Soul"
* "To Be Where There's Life"
* "Waiting for the Rapture"
* "The Masterplan"
* "Songbird"
* "Slide Away"
* "Morning Glory"
* "Ain't Got Nothin'"
* "The Importance of Being Idle"
* "I'm Outta Time"
* "Wonderwall"
* "My Big Mouth"
* "Supersonic"
* "Don't Look Back in Anger" (acoustic)
* "Falling Down"
* "Champagne Supernova"
* "I Am the Walrus"
# Randy Kirner

Randy Kirner (born in 1946 in Los Angeles, California), is an American politician and a former Republican member of the Nevada Assembly since February 7, 2011 representing District 26.

## Education

Kirner earned his BS in business administration from North Georgia College & State University (now University of North Georgia), his MBA from Georgia State University, his MS from West Coast University, and his EdD from the University of La Verne.

## Elections

* 2012 Kirner was unopposed for the June 12, 2012 Republican Primary and won the November 6, 2012 General election with 19,926 votes (60.75%) against Democratic nominee Rodney Petzak, who had previously run in 2004.
* 2010 When Republican Assemblyman Ty Cobb ran for Nevada Senate and left the District 26 seat open, Kirner won the four-way June 8, 2010 Republican Primary with 3,395 votes (37.30%), and won the three-way November 2, 2010 General election with 16,264 votes (55.66%) against Democratic nominee Angie Taylor and Independent American candidate Gregory Miller (who had previous run for the seat in 2002 and 2004).
# William Bailey (South Carolina politician)

William H. Bailey (born December 4, 1962) is an American politician. He is a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from the 104th District, serving since 2018. He is a member of the Republican party.
In 2021, Bailey announced a campaign for the South Carolina 7th district in Congress against Tom Rice. Rice faced opposition in the Republican primary because of his vote to impeach former President Donald Trump. In 2022, Bailey did not file for the Congressional race, opting to run for re-election to his seat in the South Carolina House, which he won unopposed.

## Electoral history

South Carolina House of Representatives District 104 :
| Year | Candidate | Votes | Pct | Candidate | Votes | Pct |
| 2018 Republican Primary | William Bailey | 2,312 | 50.2% | Greg Duckworth (i) | 2,295 | 49.8% |
| 2018 General Election | William Bailey | 14,859 | 98.4% | Others/Write-in | 244 | 1.6% |
# Statistical graphics

Statistical graphics, also known as statistical graphical techniques, are graphics used in the field of statistics for data visualization.

## Overview

Whereas statistics and data analysis procedures generally yield their output in numeric or tabular form, graphical techniques allow such results to be displayed in some sort of pictorial form. They include plots such as scatter plots, histograms, probability plots, spaghetti plots, residual plots, box plots, block plots and biplots.
Exploratory data analysis (EDA) relies heavily on such techniques. They can also provide insight into a data set to help with testing assumptions, model selection and regression model validation, estimator selection, relationship identification, factor effect determination, and outlier detection. In addition, the choice of appropriate statistical graphics can provide a convincing means of communicating the underlying message that is present in the data to others.
Graphical statistical methods have four objectives:
* The exploration of the content of a data set
* The use to find structure in data
* Checking assumptions in statistical models
* Communicate the results of an analysis.
If one is not using statistical graphics, then one is forfeiting insight into one or more aspects of the underlying structure of the data.

## History

Statistical graphics have been central to the development of science and date to the earliest attempts to analyse data. Many familiar forms, including bivariate plots, statistical maps, bar charts, and coordinate paper were used in the 18th century. Statistical graphics developed through attention to four problems:
* Spatial organization in the 17th and 18th century
* Discrete comparison in the 18th and early 19th century
* Continuous distribution in the 19th century and
* Multivariate distribution and correlation in the late 19th and 20th century.
Since the 1970s statistical graphics have been re-emerging as an important analytic tool with the revitalisation of computer graphics and related technologies.

## Examples

Famous graphics were designed by:
* William Playfair who produced what could be called the first line, bar, pie, and area charts. For example, in 1786 he published the well known diagram that depicts the evolution of England's imports and exports,
* James Watt and his employee John Southern, who around 1790 invented the steam indicator, a device for plotting pressure variations within a steam engine cylinder through its stroke,
* Florence Nightingale, who used statistical graphics to persuade the British Government to improve army hygiene,
* John Snow who plotted deaths from cholera in London in 1854 to detect the source of the disease, and
* Charles Joseph Minard who designed a large portfolio of maps of which the one depicting Napoleon's campaign in Russia is the best known.
See the plots page for many more examples of statistical graphics.
# Apoteket Hjorten

59°54′47.92″N 10°45′36.28″E﻿ / ﻿59.9133111°N 10.7600778°E﻿ / 59.9133111; 10.7600778
Apoteket Hjorten (English: Pharmacy Hjorten) was a pharmacy located at Grønland in Oslo, Norway. The name "Apoteket Hjorten" is used for a number of pharmacies in several Norwegian cities such as Fredrikstad and Trondheim. The pharmacy is now renamed to Vitusapotek Hjorten, and the modern building is located in Smalgangen 5.
The pharmacy opened in 1857 after it was determined by a royal decree on December 4, 1856. Apoteket Hjorten was the fifth pharmacy in Christiania. After a fire in year 1859 in which 18 people died, a new pharmacy building was built. The construction of this building, which was designed by Chr. H. Grosch, finished in 1861. After a rebuilding in 1963, the original officine was handed by pharmacist Anders Tenøe to Pharmacy Historical Museum of Norway (Norwegian: Norsk Farmasihistorisk Museum) and mounted in its entirety in the Norwegian Museum of Cultural History (No: Norsk folkemuseum) at Bygdøy. The pharmacy was rebuilt in 1986, and refurbished to a restaurant in year 2000. Today, the building houses the restaurant Dattera til Hagen.

## Literature

* Fjeldstad, Trygve: «Apoteket Hjorten i Oslo, En langvarig byggesak» i Norges Apotekerforenings Tidsskrift nr.9 1986 pp. 229–235
* Flod, Ingeborg og Bendel, Leif A. Norges Apotek og deres innehavere vol III pp. 393–397, vol VI p. 157, vol. VII pp. 203–204, vol. VII p. 398 and last vol. p. 112.
# Michael Sprinkle

Michael Sprinkle, (born in 1968 in San Francisco, California), is an American politician and served as a Democratic member of the Nevada Assembly beginning on February 4, 2013 representing District 30. Michael Sprinkle resigned from the Nevada Assembly in April 2019.

## Education

Sprinkle earned his BLA from Loyola Marymount University.

## Politics
### 2006 campaign

Initially challenging Republican Assemblyman John Marvel for the District 32 seat, Sprinkle was unopposed for the August 15, 2006 Democratic Primary, but lost the November 7, 2006 General election.

### 2012 campaign

When Democratic Assemblyman Debbie Smith ran for Nevada Senate and left the House District 30 seat open, Sprinkle was unopposed for the three-way June 12, 2012 Democratic Primary and won the November 6, 2012 General election with 12,094 votes (57.01%) against Republican nominee Ken Lightfoot.
Nevada State Assembly, District 30, General Election, 2012 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Michael Sprinkle | 12,094 | 57.01 |
| | Republican | Ken Lightfoot | 9,118 | 42.99 |

### 2014 campaign

Nevada State Assembly, District 30, General Election, 2014 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Michael Sprinkle | 6,187 | 53.89 |
| | Republican | Lauren Scott | 5,293 | 46.11 |

### 2016 campaign

Nevada State Assembly, District 30, General Election, 2016 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Michael Sprinkle | 13,572 | 57.87 |
| | Republican | Lauren Scott | 9,881 | 42.13 |

### 2018 campaign

Michael Sprinkle was unopposed in the 2018 general election and remained seated in the Nevada State Assembly. However, due to "growing sexual harassment claims" Michael Sprinkle resigned from the Nevada Assembly in April 2019.
Assistant Majority Leader Julia Ratti said in a statement, "We condemn sexual misconduct in the strongest terms.”
# Cezar Niculescu

Cezar Niculescu (born 27 July 1927) was a Romanian basketball player who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics. He was part of the Romanian basketball team, which was eliminated in the first round of the 1952 tournament. He played both matches.
# Mncedisi Nontsele

Mncedisi Nontsele (born 1 June 1959) is a member of the National Assembly of South Africa. A member of the African National Congress, he was elected to parliament in 2019. Nontsele is a former mayor of the Lukhanji Local Municipality.

## Political career

Nontsele is a member of the African National Congress. He had served as the mayor of the Lukhanji Local Municipality in the Chris Hani District Municipality before he resigned in 2014 to head an organising committee at Calata House, the ANC's provincial headquarters. He served as the convenor of the ANC's regional task team in Nelson Mandela Bay. In August 2016, he was the keynote speaker at a Chris Hani Memorial Lecture in Grahamstown, Eastern Cape. He is currently a member of the ANC provincial executive committee.

## Parliamentary career

On 17 March 2019, the ANC published their candidates lists for the national and provincial elections on 8 May 2019. He was ranked 12th on the ANC's list of National Assembly candidates from the Eastern Cape. The ANC won 18 regional seats in the province and Nontsele was elected to the National Assembly. He was sworn into office on 22 May during the first meeting of the National Assembly after the election two weeks prior.
On 27 June 2019, he was named to the Portfolio Committee on Employment and Labour. On 2 February 2021, he became a member of the Portfolio Committee on Trade and Industry, replacing Tozama Mantashe of the ANC, who died. He was a member of the portfolio committee until 24 February, when he became an alternate member.
As a member of the National Assembly, he had a committee attendance rate of 94% (Attended 15 meetings out of 16) and 70% (Attended 32 meetings out of 46) for 2019 and 2020, respectively.
Nontsele was re-elected in 2024.
# Bill Beck (politician)

Carson William Beck (March 21, 1962 – June 4, 2023) was an American lawyer and politician. He was a member of the Tennessee House of Representatives from 2015 until his death in 2023. A member of the Democratic Party, he represented District 51, which is composed of parts of Davidson County and includes Old Hickory, Madison, Inglewood, East Nashville, Downtown, The Gulch, Germantown, and Salemtown.

## Early life and education

Representative Beck attended Belmont University where he received his bachelor's degree in Business Administration, in 1985. Representative Beck then attended Nashville School of Law, where he received his Doctor of Jurisprudence, in 1989. He worked as a personal injury attorney in Nashville.

## Political career

During the Democrats primary election in 2014, Representative Beck won with 41.1% over Jennifer Buck Wallace with 34.6% and Stephen Fotopulos with 24.3%. In the general election, Representative Beck won with 71.8% over Republican challenger Brian L. Mason who received only 28.2% of the vote. Representative Beck defeated Trey Palmedo in the Democratic primary on August 2, 2018. Beck defeated independent candidate and father's rights advocate, Randell Stroud (Independent) on November 6, 2018, in the general election. Beck received 82% of the general vote whereas Stroud received 18% of the General vote.

## Personal life

Beck lived in Nashville with his wife Pamela, and they had one daughter.
On April 17, 2015, Beck was pulled over by police while driving in Nashville, after officers spotted him driving with the two left wheels of his truck in a turn lane. An affidavit noted that Beck appeared disheveled, and officer reported that his eyes were "bloodshot and watery", his speech was "extremely slurred", and there was an "odor of an alcoholic beverage coming from his person". After refusing to complete a sobriety test, he was arrested for driving under the influence and violating implied consent laws. Beck denied consuming any alcohol. On July 28, a judge dismissed the charges, saying that Beck's driving did not meet a level of reasonable suspicion that would have justified a traffic stop.
Beck died from a heart attack on June 4, 2023, at the age of 61.
# Petrochemical industry in Romania

The emergence of oil production in the territory now known as Romania dates back to 1857, with oil facilities gaining strategic military significance in 1916 during World War I. Throughout World War II, the Kingdom of Romania held the position as the largest oil producer in Europe, second only to the USSR, whose primary oil source was located in Azerbaijan. The oil extracted from Romania played a pivotal role in Axis military operations, a fact underscored in Adolf Hitler's 1942 speech.
The Romanian petrochemical industry, particularly centered around Ploiești, became a focal point for Allied bombing raids, notably during Operation Tidal Wave. The Soviet Red Army later occupied the Romanian oilfields in August 1944. Post-World War II, extensive reconstruction and expansion initiatives were undertaken under the communist regime. Following the events of 1989, a significant portion of the industry underwent privatization.
Present-day Romania boasts significant oil-refining capabilities, demonstrating a notable interest in the Central Asia-Europe pipelines while actively cultivating relations with select Arab States of the Persian Gulf. With a total of 10 refineries and an overall refining capacity of approximately 504,000 barrels per day (80,100 cubic meters per day), Romania stands as the leading nation in the eastern European region in terms of refining industry scale.
Romania's extensive refining capacity surpasses its domestic demand for refined petroleum products, enabling the country to engage in substantial exports of various oil products and petrochemicals. This includes, but is not limited to, lubricants, bitumen, and fertilizers, distributed across the eastern European region.
By 2017, the number of refineries possessing the capability to produce had dwindled to just five, with the overall capacity experiencing a decline to 13.7 million metric tons per year.

## Refineries

This is an incomplete list of oil refineries in Romania:
* Petrobrazi Refinery, (Petrom/OMV), 90,000 bbl/d (14,000 m$^3$/d)
* Petrotel Lukoil Refinery, (LUKOIL), 68,000 bbl/d (10,800 m$^3$/d)
* Petromidia Constanța Refinery, (Rompetrol), 100,000 bbl/d (16,000 m$^3$/d)
* Vega Refinery, (Rompetrol), 20,000 bbl/d (3,200 m$^3$/d)
* Petrolsub Suplacu de Barcău Refinery, (Petrom/OMV), 15,000 bbl/d (2,400 m$^3$/d)
Dormant refineries:
* Astra Refinery, (Interagro), 20,000 bbl/d (3,200 m$^3$/d)
* Steaua Română Câmpina Refinery, (Omnimpex Chemicals), 15,000 bbl/d (2,400 m$^3$/d)
Closed refineries:
* Arpechim Refinery, (Petrom/OMV), which used to process 70,000 bbl/d (11,000 m$^3$/d)
* RAFO Onești Refinery, (Calder A), which used to process 70,000 bbl/d (11,000 m$^3$/d)

## Petrochemical processing platforms

Romania has closed down the majority of the petrochemical processing platforms. Those remaining are:
* KazMunayGas: Petromidia
* Chimcomplex
* Oltchim
# Guipavas

Guipavas (French pronunciation:; Breton: Gwipavaz) is a commune in the Finistère department of Brittany in north-western France. The writer Maurice Polard (born 1932) is from Guipavas.
The city is divided into two major parts: the west, known as the dynamic core of the city and suburban area of Brest, where a new commercial centre opened in 2007, and the east, which is more traditional and lies around the Roman Catholic church.

## Population

Inhabitants of Guipavas are called in French Guipavasiens.
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 2,905 | — |
| 1800 | 3,547 | +2.89% |
| 1806 | 3,845 | +1.35% |
| 1821 | 5,688 | +2.64% |
| 1831 | 5,332 | −0.64% |
| 1836 | 5,108 | −0.85% |
| 1841 | 5,312 | +0.79% |
| 1846 | 5,520 | +0.77% |
| 1851 | 6,047 | +1.84% |
| 1856 | 6,042 | −0.02% |
| 1861 | 6,356 | +1.02% |
| 1866 | 6,356 | +0.00% |
| 1872 | 6,641 | +0.73% |
| 1876 | 6,802 | +0.60% |
| 1881 | 7,077 | +0.80% |
| 1886 | 7,247 | +0.48% |
| 1891 | 8,339 | +2.85% |
| 1896 | 5,174 | −9.10% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1901 | 5,221 | +0.18% |
| 1906 | 5,238 | +0.07% |
| 1911 | 5,061 | −0.69% |
| 1921 | 5,002 | −0.12% |
| 1926 | 4,624 | −1.56% |
| 1931 | 4,562 | −0.27% |
| 1936 | 4,894 | +1.41% |
| 1946 | 5,532 | +1.23% |
| 1954 | 6,105 | +1.24% |
| 1962 | 6,610 | +1.00% |
| 1968 | 7,346 | +1.78% |
| 1975 | 8,959 | +2.88% |
| 1982 | 10,425 | +2.19% |
| 1990 | 11,956 | +1.73% |
| 1999 | 12,584 | +0.57% |
| 2007 | 13,855 | +1.21% |
| 2012 | 13,586 | −0.39% |
| 2017 | 14,482 | +1.29% |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. :
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) :

## Breton language

* In 2023, 6.1% of primary-school children attended bilingual schools, where Breton language is taught alongside French.
# Olivia Diaz

Olivia Diaz (born 1978 in Las Vegas, Nevada), is an American elementary school teacher and politician who served as a Democratic member of the Nevada Assembly from 2011 until 2018 representing District 11. Diaz is a member of the National Hispanic Caucus of State Legislators.

## Education

Diaz earned her BA in English from the University of Nevada, Las Vegas and her MS in bilingual education from Nova Southeastern University.

## Elections

* 2012 Diaz was elected unopposed for both the June 12, 2012 Democratic Primary and the November 6, 2012 general election, winning with 8,145 votes.
* 2010 When Democratic Assemblyman Ruben Kihuen ran for Nevada Senate and left the District 11 seat open, Diaz won the three-way June 8, 2010 Democratic Primary with 781 votes (83.44%), and won the November 2, 2010 general election with 3,162 votes (80.95%) against Republican nominee Von Brewer.
On December 3, 2018. Diaz announced her intention to resign and seek election to Las Vegas City Council Ward 3. Bea Duran of the Culinary Workers Union was appointed to fill her place.