OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Esprì

Esprì (lit. 'Expressing') is a political party in the Italian region of Aosta Valley. The party was formed from a split in the Mouv' party, due to opposition in the direction Mouv' was going, with the latter eventually being merged into the Valdostan Union.

## History

The party announced its registration as a political party on September 29, 2022, submitting the proper forms and paperwork. Esprì has been vocally opposed to the "Reunion" project, which is the merger of various autonomist parties into the Valdostan Union. The party was founded and led by Mauro Caniggia, a former candidate and executive of Mouv' alongside Jean-Claude Daudry, Rossana Scapoli, Emile Gorret and Roberto Luboz as a reformist autonomist party. Caniggia stated he left Mouv' because the rest of the party's leadership wasn't listening to his proposals, and because he was "saddened" with the direction the party was going, and claiming the rhetoric of the party was too heightened.
The stated goals of the party is to promote individualism, social liberalism, with a focus on increasing housing and the standard of living in the Aosta Valley. The party is pro-European, and supports Aosta Valley being given its own seat in the European Parliament instead of competing in the North-West constituency.
Esprì supported the candidacy of Giovanni Girardini and have cooperated with his Renaissance valdotaine during the 2022 elections. The party was founded as the other mainstream autonomist parties where joining into the Aosta Valley coalition. The party described themselves as "moderates" with a "moderate approach."
The party's youth organization, Esprì Jeunes held its first rally on October 14, 2023.
# Melvin L. Larsen

Melvin L. Larsen (born October 19, 1936) is an American politician from the State of Michigan.
He was born in Clinton, Iowa, and later resided in Oxford, Oakland County, Michigan. Larsen was a member of the Michigan State House of Representatives 61st District, 1973–1978 and a candidate for Michigan Secretary of State in 1978. He was elected Chairman of the Michigan Republican Party from 1979 to 1981. In 1976, he was one of the authors of the Elliott-Larsen Civil Rights Act of Michigan, alongside fellow Representative Daisy Elliott. This was a major anti-discrimination law in Michigan and touched upon fair housing, age discrimination, and sex discrimination. Currently, Melvin Larsen is President of Larsen & Associates of Southfield, Michigan.
On June 30, 2020, the Lewis Cass Building in Lansing was renamed the Elliott-Larsen Building in honor of Larsen and Elliot.
# Haliotis clathrata

Haliotis clathrata, common name the lovely abalone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Haliotidae, the abalone.

## Description

The size of the shell varies between 10 mm and 60 mm. The large, solid but not thick shell has a rounded-oval shape and is much depressed. The distance of the apex measures from the margin one-fifth the length of the shell. The shell is sculptured with fine spiral cords cut by close minute striae of increment and has radiating waves or folds above. A slight angle at the row of perforations, below it is broadly excavated and then carinated. The about six perforations are elevated and circular. The outline is suborbicular and much depressed. The color pattern of the surface is either dark red with few radiating angular white patches, or dull red and green, streaked and mottled. The spiral cords of the outer surface are either nearly equal or have slightly larger ones at wide intervals. They are decussated by close growth-striae. The whorls number a trifle over three. The inner surface is corrugated like the outer surface, silvery, very brilliantly iridescent. The reflections are chiefly sea-green and red. The columellar plate is broad, flat, and obliquely truncated at its base. The cavity of the spire is wide, open, but shallow. This is a variable form, in color varying from dark coral red to dull red streaked with pale green. This species also occurs in a different form: Haliotis clathrata f. tomricei (Patamakanthin, 2002).
The shape of the shell forms a logarithmic spiral with an expansion coefficient of 0.25, which is close to the 0.31 coefficient of a golden spiral, although shells exist with a wide range of coefficients and this proximity is of no particular significance.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs in the western Pacific Ocean, on the coasts of including Australia and the islands and mainland of Southeast Asia, as well as islands in the Indian Ocean such as Madagascar and Mauritius and stretches of the East African coast.
# Whiteman Creek

Whiteman Creek is a creek located in the Okanagan Region of British Columbia. The creek flows into Okanagan Lake from the west. The only settlement on the creek is on its delta, the gated community of Parker Cove.

## History

The creek was discovered in the 1870s, and was mined in the 20th century.
# Ron Buchan

Maurice Ronald Buchan MBE (6 December 1907 – 30 January 2003) was a New Zealand international lawn bowler.

## Bowls career

He competed in the first World Bowls Championship in Kyeemagh, New South Wales, Australia in 1966 and won a gold medal in the fours with Norm Lash, Gordon Jolly and Bill O'Neill at the event.
He won the 1964 and 1965 singles title and the 1957 fours title at the New Zealand National Bowls Championships when bowling for the Tui Park Bowls Club.

## Honours and awards

In the 1986 Queen's Birthday Honours, Buchan was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire, for services to bowling. In 2013, he was an inaugural inductee into the New Zealand Bowls Hall of Fame.

## Death

Buchan died in Hamilton in 2003.
# Bretonstone

Bretonstone, also known as vibro-compression under vacuum, is a formerly-patented technology invented in the early-1970s by Breton S.p.A.
Nowadays most manufacturers of engineered stone use similar technology, typically involving quartz and a resin binder combined under vacuum, and compressed under heat into a desired form such as a countertop slab.

## History

In the early-1970s Marcello Toncelli, founder of Breton, started developing the Bretonstone system, which allows to produce a solid surface similar to granite, using small stone aggregates and stone-like materials. The composite material is manufactured in slabs, which can be worked as natural stone, instead of blocks that should have been cut.
Basically the vibro-compression vacuum technology, used by Bretonstone system, consists of blending the natural aggregate of stone with a polymer mix (usually unsaturated polyester resin), taking away air with a vacuum, and catalyzing the molded product whilst vibrating and applying pressure to this mix. Then the mixture is heated, and the output is a slab of non-porous and quite stable engineered stone.
The following improvements led the agglomerated stone to obtain the same hardness as granite, when siliceous stone or quartz were added in the mix.
The agglomerate produced with the Bretonstone system looks like natural stone and varies in look according to the types of stone aggregates and stone-like materials used in the process. Some types of agglomerate are:
* granite-looking
* one-color
* veined marble
* exotic granite
* with colored glass inserts
* with crystal fragments
* with mirrors pieces
* with semi-precious stones
* with brass filings.
# LooLa Adventure Resort

LooLa Adventure Resort is a resort in southeast Bintan, Indonesia. It was established in August 1999 by Dr. Marc van Loo and Isabelle Lacoste and uses local materials.

## Eco tourism for schools

In 2001 it became part of the Eco tourism scheme which has been developed by Singapore nationals in Bintan. The resort holds weekly camps for school children over seven weeks during the summer break. The attendees are largely students from Singapore's international and local schools. Outdoor and water activities are held, and the resort has its own zoo. Attendance at the resort dropped significantly in the mid 2010s following the Sabah earthquake which killed seven students, two teachers and a tour guide, with concerns about safety in outdoor activities.
One of its partners is Focus Adventure, which was responsible for 200 employees visiting the resort as part of a Corporate social responsibility (CSR) project. In 2012 LooLa was a recipient of the WildAsia Responsible Tourism Award for Asia's most inspiring responsible tourism operation. In 2015 the resort was the Overall Winner at the Responsible Tourism Awards in London, and also won the Gold Award for the World's best beach destination.

## Safe Water Garden development

Marc van Loo built a Safe Water Garden (SWG) at the resort, which is an efficient system for reusing waste water. It is being used as a business model for water supply and improving sanitation elsewhere in Bintan and Indonesia. Loo is collaborating with Constant van Aerschot, executive director of the Business Council for Sustainable Development (BCSD) in Singapore, to broaden the initiative to villages in wider Indonesia.
# Steve Negron

Steve Negron is an American politician from Nashua, New Hampshire who served in the New Hampshire House of Representatives. He was the Republican nominee for the United States Congress in New Hampshire's 2nd congressional district in 2018 and 2020, losing both times to Democratic incumbent Annie Kuster.

## Early life

Negron received his bachelor's degree in criminal justice from Texas Christian University in 1983. Later, he received his Masters in Business Administration from Western New England College.
Negron served in the United States Air Force for fifteen years, joining shortly after college and serving until 1998. While in the Air Force, he worked as an intercontinental ballistic missile combat crew member in Missouri and at Air Force Space Command in Colorado Springs, Colorado. At the time of his retirement in 1998 he was the director of requirements with the Air Force Space Command.
After retiring from the military, Negron worked for defense contractors Lockheed Martin and General Dynamics before founding his own contracting firm Integron LLC in 2005.

## Politics

He was first elected as a Republican to the New Hampshire House of Representatives in November 2016 to represent District Hillsborough 32 for a two-year term. He came in third in the three-member district with 2,346 votes equal to 17.13% of the popular vote. Upon his election, he was named to the Election Law Committee in the legislature. in 2016 he hosted a house party for Carly Fiorina and was endorsed by her top supporters. Since being elected to the state legislature, Negron has not sponsored any legislation. According to other sources, he has served as a cosponsor on other pieces of legislation, but these bills were largely vetoed or died in committee. The one successful piece of legislation sponsored by Negron involved removing the limitation on a charter schools incurring long term debt.*^a

### Congressional run

Midway into his first term in the state legislature, Negron announced a 2018 run as a Republican candidate for Congress in New Hampshire's 2nd congressional district. As of February 8, 2018, Negron was one of five remaining Republican candidates vying for their party's nomination.
His campaign raised just over $12,000, but he loaned his campaign an additional $130,000. As of 16 October 2017 He had given his campaign $21,000 and loaned it an additional $95,000.
In 2020, Negron gained the Republican nomination and in a rematch ran against Democratic representative Ann McLane Kuster.

## Personal life

Negron lives in Nashua with his wife Theresa (Terry). They have three children. He remains active in the community as well as his local Catholic Church. He is of Mexican and Puerto Rican ancestries.
# Germansen Range

The Germansen Range is a small subrange of the Swannell Ranges of the Omineca Mountains, bounded by Germansen Lake and South Germansen River northern British Columbia, Canada.
# Gallery Climate Coalition

The Gallery Climate Coalition was established in 2020 to address the carbon footprint of the international art market. While non-profit organizations including the Tate have addressed climate change and art's impact thereon, this is thought to be the first action taken by the commercial art world.
Founding parties include: Thomas Dane, Kate MacGarry, Lisson Gallery's Sadie Coles and Greg Hilty, Frieze Art Fair co-founder Matthew Slotover and director Victoria Siddall.
# John C. Lodge

John Christian Lodge (August 12, 1862 – February 6, 1950) was an American politician who served as the mayor of Detroit, Michigan from 1922 to 1923, in 1924, and from 1927 to 1929. He spent over 30 years on the Detroit City Council.

## Early life

John C. Lodge was born in Detroit on August 12, 1862, to Dr. Edwin A. Lodge and Christiana Lodge (née Hanson). He attended the Michigan Military Academy in 1881. He worked as a reporter and city editor for the Detroit Free Press from 1889 to 1896. In 1897 he entered the lumber industry, and was connected with the Dwight Lumber Company.

## Political career

Lodge was the chief clerk for the Wayne County Auditors from 1897 to 1905, then served for two years as the secretary to mayor George P. Codd. He was a member of the Michigan House of Representatives as a Republican from Wayne County's 1st district, from 1909 to 1910, and served as chair of the Wayne County Board of Supervisors. He was a member of the Detroit City Council beginning in 1910, and held the position for 17 years before being elected mayor, nine of them as council president. During that time, Lodge served twice as acting mayor: once from December 5, 1922, to April 9, 1923, after James J. Couzens's resignation to assume the office of United States Senator, and once from August 2, 1924, to November 21, 1924, after Joseph A. Martin's resignation. In 1927, Lodge was elected mayor in his own right, serving from 1927 to 1929. He was defeated in his quest for renomination in 1929. After his stint as mayor, Lodge returned to the city council, serving there from 1932 to 1947.

## Personal life

Lodge was the great uncle of aviator Charles Lindbergh. Before Lindbergh's famed transatlantic flight, he approached Lodge for funding. Lodge declined, convinced his grandnephew faced certain death. Lindbergh would go on to receive funding from supporters in St. Louis, rather than Detroit.
Lodge died on February 6, 1950, and is buried at Elmwood Cemetery in Detroit. After his death, the John C. Lodge Freeway (M-10) in Detroit was named after him.
# Grant Cashmore

Grant Cashmore (born 12 September 1968) is a New Zealand equestrian. He competed in show jumping at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens.
# Steve Berry (Vermont politician)

Steve Berry (born August 15, 1950) is an American politician and minister from the state of Vermont. A member of the Democratic Party, he represented the Bennington-4 district in the Vermont House of Representatives from 2015 to 2017. He is also an author and an ordained minister of the United Church of Christ.
Berry lost re-election to his state house seat in 2016, being succeeded by Republican Brian Keefe. In 2024, he ran concurrently in the state's U.S. Senate election and to represent Bennington in the Vermont Senate, both as an Independent candidate. He lost both races.
# Jakub Jan Ryba

Jakub Šimon Jan Ryba (surname also Poisson, Peace, Ryballandini, Rybaville; 26 October 1765 – 8 April 1815) was a Czech teacher and composer of classical music. His most famous work is the Czech Christmas Mass "Hey, Master!" (Česká mše vánoční "Hej mistře!").
Ryba was born in Přeštice near Plzeň. His father was a schoolteacher, which was a very poorly paid occupation at the time. In 1780 Ryba went to Prague, where he studied at the Piarist gymnasium. His teacher Cassianus Hanel taught him music. Ryba was a very good student and he soon started to compose. He dreamt of being a famous composer. In 1784 his father ordered him to work as a teacher in Nepomuk. Ryba reluctantly obeyed, but he was soon fired. After wandering for a few months, he received a message that his mother had died. After a long illness, he moved to Mníšek pod Brdy. Being popular among local inhabitants for performing music, he was quite happy there, but after some hesitation he accepted a schoolteacher position in Rožmitál pod Třemšínem.
The school prospered under his supervision, but he had constant conflicts with the local pastor and council. His frequent requests for funds for repairs of the school building were usually rejected. In 1796, he wrote his most famous work, Czech Christmas Mass "Hey, Master!" (named by him as Missa solemnis Festis Nativitatis D. J. Ch. accommodata in linguam bohemicum musicam), also as a consequence of a reconciliation with the local pastor. This work continues to be frequently performed at Christmas time in Bohemia.
An insufferable lack of money, the hostility of his superiors and total exhaustion led him to commit suicide at Voltuš near Rožmitál pod Třemšínem. On April 8, 1815, Ryba attended morning mass. Later, he was found in a dense forest with his throat cut with a razor. He had Essay on Peace of Soul by Seneca the Younger, his favourite author, with him. He was buried at a plague cemetery near Rožmitál pod Tremšínem.
His works mainly include many pastorellas and masses, but few compositions beyond the Czech Christmas Mass are performed regularly today.

## Literature

* Jiří Berkovec: Jakub Jan Ryba, Prague, 1995, ISBN 80-85787-97-0
* Václav Spěváček: Jakub Jan Ryba, vychovatel našeho lidu [Jan Jakub Ryba, Educator of Our Nation], Prague, 1984
* Jan Němeček: Jakub Jan Ryba: život a dílo [Jan Jakub Ryba, Life and Works], Prague, 1963
* Jan Němeček: Školní deníky Jakuba Jana Ryby [School Diaries by Jakub Jan Ryba], Prague, 1957
* Irena Janáčková: Jakub Jan Ryba o svém hudebním životě [Jakub Jan Ryba About His Life With Music], Prague, 1946. Translation of autobiography Mein musikalischer Lebenslauf (in German) from 1801.
# Ralph Ostling

Ralph A. Ostling (1927–2009) was a Republican member of the Michigan House of Representatives, representing an area of northern Michigan from 1973 through 1992.

## Biography

Ralph A. Ostling was born in 1927 in Roscommon, Michigan to Swedish parents. Ostling graduated from Central Michigan University in 1952 and earned a master's degree from Michigan State University. He served in the United States Navy in 1945 and 1946 and married Thela Dean at the end of 1947. Ostling taught and coached at his alma mater, Gerrish-Higgins High School, for 20 years and was elected Gerrish Township clerk in 1956.
In 1972, Ostling won his first election to the legislature. While in the House, he served on the Appropriations Committee, rising to serve as Republican vice chairman. Ostling served ten terms, leaving in 1992 to become a lobbyist.
Ostling died in Roscommon on July 29, 2009, aged 82.

## Footnotes

* ↑ 1991–1992 Michigan Manual: Ralph A. Ostling
* ↑ House Resolution 146 (2009): A resolution of tribute offered as a memorial for Ralph A. Ostling, former member of the House of Representatives
* ↑ Gongwer News Service (July 30, 2009): Former Rep. Ralph Ostling, 82, Dies
* ↑ The Houghton Lake Resorter: Obituary: Ralph Obituary
# Tom Gullikson

Tom Gullikson (born September 8, 1951) is a tennis coach and former professional tennis player born in La Crosse, Wisconsin and raised in Onalaska, Wisconsin in the United States.

## Career

During his career as a player, Gullikson won 15 ATP recognized doubles titles, ten of them partnering with his identical twin brother, Tim Gullikson, who was also a noted coach. Tim coached the then number one player in the world Pete Sampras before Tim was diagnosed with brain cancer in 1995, and died in 1996. The brothers were runners-up in the men's doubles competition at Wimbledon in 1983. Gullikson also won the mixed doubles title at the US Open in 1984, with Manuela Maleeva.
Gullikson's best performance at a Grand Slam came when he got to the quarter-finals of the 1982 US Open, defeating John Alexander, Jérôme Potier, Chip Hooper and Jaime Fillol before losing to Guillermo Vilas.
Gullikson played compatriot John McEnroe during the first round of the 1981 Wimbledon championships, when the latter got into a verbal altercation with the umpire, during which he uttered his infamous "You cannot be serious!" exclamation.
Gullikson won one top-level singles title (at Newport in 1985). His career-high rankings were World No. 34 in singles and World No. 4 in doubles (in 1984 and 1983 respectively). He retired from the professional tour in 1987.
After retiring as a player, he became one of the original members of the United States Tennis Association Player Development Program, coaching players such as Todd Martin, Jennifer Capriati and Andy Roddick. He served as Director of Coaching for the program from 1997 to 2001.
Gullikson was the United States Davis Cup Captain from 1994 to 1999. He captained the teams that won the Davis Cup in 1995 and were runners-up in 1997. In 1996, Gullikson was coach of the US men's Olympic tennis team, and guided Andre Agassi to winning the Olympic Gold Medal in Atlanta.
From December 2001 to February 2002, Gullikson briefly coached Pete Sampras.

## Grand Slam finals
### Doubles (1 runner-up)

| Result | Year | Championship | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Loss | 1983 | Wimbledon Championships | Grass | Tim Gullikson | Peter Fleming John McEnroe | 4–6, 3–6, 4–6 |

### Mixed doubles (1 title)

| Result | Year | Championship | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Win | 1984 | US Open | Hard | Manuela Maleeva | Elizabeth Sayers John Fitzgerald | 2–6, 7–5, 6–4 |
# John Gilby

Charles Frederick John Gilby (13 December 1900 – 8 June 1985) was a New Zealand rower who competed at the 1930 British Empire Games.

## Early life and family

Born on 13 December 1900, Gilby was the son of Charles Horace Gilby, who was principal of Christchurch Commercial College, and his second wife, Gertrude Hilda Gilby (née Johnston). He was educated at Christ's College from 1911 to 1917, and went on to work initially as a mechanical engineer at the Christchurh firm of P. and D. Duncan. On 2 October 1933, he married Gwendolyn Hill at St Mary's Anglican Church, Levin.

## Rowing

A member of the Canterbury Rowing Club, Gilby represented New Zealand at the 1930 British Empire Games in Hamilton, Ontario. He was a member of the men's eight that won the silver medal, finishing three-quarters of a length behind the victorious English crew.

## Death

Gilby died on 8 June 1985, and was buried at Hautapu Cemetery, Cambridge.
# Mount Selwyn

    There is also a mountain near Williston Lake in British Columbia named "Mount Selwyn."
Mount Selwyn, is a 3,335-metre (10,942-foot) mountain summit located in Glacier National Park of British Columbia, Canada. It is part of the Selkirk Mountains range. The mountain is situated 60 km (37 mi) east-northeast of Revelstoke, and 35 km (22 mi) southwest of Golden. Its nearest higher peak is Mount Dawson, 1 km (0.62 mi) to the west. Originally named Deville in 1888 by mountaineer Rev. William S. Green, Mount Selwyn was renamed to honor Alfred Richard Cecil Selwyn (1824-1902), director of the Geological Survey of Canada, and President of the Royal Society of Canada. The mountain's name was officially adopted September 8, 1932, by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1890 by Harold E. Forster, Harold Ward Topham, Harry Sinclair, and Samuel Yves.

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Selwyn is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. This climate supports an intensely glaciated area around the mountain including the Fox Glacier on the north aspect, The Bishops Glacier on the south, the Deville Névé to the southeast, and the Deville Glacier to the east. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into the Beaver River.
# Beșiktaș Shipyard

Beșiktaș Shipyard (Turkish: Beșiktaș Tersanesi) is a Turkish shipyard established in Altınova, Yalova in 2007.