# Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Sub-Saharan Africa

The proportions of various human Y-DNA haplogroups vary significantly from one ethnic or language group to another in Africa.
Data in the table below are based on genetic research. The second column designates linguistic affiliation of the sampled population (Semitic, Nilo-Saharan, Niger-Congo, etc.), the third column gives the total sample size studied, and the other columns indicate the percentage observed of particular haplogroups.
| Population | Language group | n | A | B | E1a | E1b1a | E1b1b | E2 | J | R1b | T | Reference |
| Alur | Nilo-Saharan | 9 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 67 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Wood 2005 |
| Amhara (Ethiopia) | Semitic | 48 | 14.6 | 2.1 | 0 | | 45.8 | 0 | 33.3 | 0 | 4.2 | Hassan 2008 |
| Bamileke | Niger-Congo | 85 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Luis 2004 |
| Bantus (Gabon) | Niger-Congo | 795 | 0.5 | 6.7 | 0.2 | 79.4 | 0.1 | 6.2 | 0 | 5.5 | 0 | Berniell 2009 |
| Bantus (Kenya) | Niger-Congo | 29 | 13.8 | 3.4 | 0 | 51.7 | 13.7 | 17.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Hurles 2005 |
| Bantus (Tanzania) | Niger-Congo | 110 | 2.7 | 9.1 | | 48.2 | 21.8 | 16.4 | 0 | 0 | 1.8 | |
| Bantus (South Africa) | Niger-Congo | 137 | 5.1 | 10.9 | 0 | 54.7 | 4.4 | 21.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Wood 2005 |
| Bantus (South-Eastern) | Niger-Congo | 343 | 5.0 | 16.3 | | 66.2 | 1.5 | 10.2 | | 0 | | Naidoo 2010 |
| Beja | Cushitic | 42 | 4.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52.4 | 0 | 38.1 | 4.8 | 0 | Hassan 2008 |
| Benin (Fon) | Niger-Congo | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 95 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Luis 2004 |
| Berbers | Berber | 64 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 80 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | Cruciani2002 |
| Bissagos Islands | Niger–Congo | 21 | | | | 76.2 | 14.3 | | | | | Rosa 2007 |
| Burkina Faso | Niger–Congo | 106 | 0 | 0.9 | 3.8 | 81.1 | 2.8 | 11.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Cruciani2002 |
| Burunge | Cushitic | 24 | 0 | 25 | | 4 | 33 | | | | | Tishkoff 2007 |
| Cameroon (North) | Niger-Congo | 72 | 1.4 | 12.5 | 4.2 | 54.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 27.8 | 0 | Cruciani2002 |
| Cameroon (North) | Chadic | 54 | 1.8 | 3.7 | 0 | 13.0 | 3.7 | 7.4 | 0 | 70.4 | 0 | Cruciani2002 |
| Cameroon (South) | Niger-Congo | 89 | 0 | 5.6 | 0 | 93.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.1 | 0 | Cruciani2002 |
| R.D. Congo (East) | Niger-Congo | 36 | 2.8 | 0 | 0 | 63.9 | 13.9 | 19.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Wood 2005 |
| Copts (Sudan) | Semitic | 33 | 0 | 15.2 | 0 | 0 | 21.2 | 0 | 45.5 | 15.2 | | Hassan 2008 |
| Cross River (Nigeria) | Niger-Congo | 1113 | 0 | | | 87 | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | Veeramah2010 |
| Datog | Nilo-Saharan | 35 | 3 | 3 | | 11 | 54 | | | | | Tishkoff 2007 |
| Daza (Chad) | Nilo-Saharan | | | | | | 11.1 | | 5.6 | 33.3 | 44.4 | Shriner 2018 |
| Dinka | Nilo-Saharan | 26 | 62 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Hassan 2008 |
| Dogon | Dogon | 55 | 1.8 | 7.3 | 45.5 | 43.6 | 0 | 1.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Wood 2005 |
| Ethiopians | Semitic | 242 | 17.8 | 0.8 | 0 | | 48.8 | 0.4 | 26.9 | 0 | 3.7 | Moran 2004 |
| Ethiopian Jews | Semitic | 22 | 41 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 5 | Cruciani2002 |
| Fulbe (Burkina Faso & Cameroon) | Niger-Congo | 37 | 5.4 | 0 | 29.7 | 48.6 | | 0 | 0 | | 8.1 | Cruciani2002 |
| Fulbe (Guinea-Bissau) | Niger-Congo | 59 | | | | 13.6 | | | | 1.7 | | Rosa 2007 |
| Fulbe (Sudan) | Niger-Congo | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 34.6 | 0 | 0 | 53.8 | 0 | Hassan 2008 |
| Fulbe (Niger) | Niger-Congo | 7 | | | | | | | | 14.3 | | Cruciani2010 |
| Fur | Nilo-Saharan | 32 | 31.3 | 3.1 | 0 | 0 | 59.4 | 0 | 6.3 | 0 | 0 | Hassan 2008 |
| Ghana | Niger-Congo | 91 | 0 | 0 | 2.2 | 92.3 | 1.1 | 0 | 0 | 1.1 | 0 | Wood 2005 |
| Guinea-Bissau | Niger-Congo | 282 | 3.2 | 0.4 | 15.6 | 72.0 | 6.0 | 0.7 | 0 | 0.7 | 0 | Rosa 2007 |
| Hadza | Hadza (Isolate) | 80 | 0 | 57.5 | | 26.2 | 15.0 | | | | | Tishkoff 2007 |
| Hausa (Sudan) | Chadic | 32 | 12.5 | 15.6 | 0 | 12.5 | 3.1 | 0 | 0 | 40.6 | 0 | Hassan 2008 |
| Hausa (Nigeria) | Chadic | 81 | 9 | 5 | 6 | 43 | | | | 32 | | Nguidi 2024 |
| Hema | Niger-Congo | 18 | 6 | 0 | 2.2 | 28 | 28 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Wood 2005 |
| Herero | Niger-Congo | 24 | | | 4.2 | 70.8 | | | | 12.5 | | I = 4.2%; R1a = 4.2%. (Wood 2005) |
| Hutu (Rwanda) | Niger-Congo | 69 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 83 | 3 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Luis 2004 |
| Igbo | Niger-Congo | 209 | A3b2=0 | | | 89.3 | | | 0 | | 0 | Veeramah 2010 |
| Iraqw | Cushitic | 9 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 11 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Wood 2005 |
| Kanembu | Nilo-Saharan | | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | Shriner 2018 |
| Khoisan | Khoisan | 90 | 47.7 | 14.4 | 0 | 24.4 | 6.7 | 2.2 | 1.1 | 0 | 0 | Wood 2005 |
| Khoisan | Khoisan | 183 | 44.3 | 11.5 | 0 | 23.0 | 16.4 | 1.6 | 0 | 1.6 | 0 | Naidoo 2010 |
| Khoisan (South Africa) | Khoisan | 129 | 33.3 | 12.4 | 0 | 35.7 | 14.7 | 3.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Tishkoff 2007 |
| Kikuyu & Kamba | Niger-Congo | 42 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 73 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Wood 2005 |
| ǃKung | Khoisan | 64 | 36 | 8 | 0 | 39 | 11 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Cruciani2002 |
| Luo | Nilo-Saharan | 9 | 11 | 22 | 0 | 66 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Wood 2005 |
| Maasai | Nilo-Saharan | 26 | 27 | 8 | 0 | 16 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Wood 2005 |
| Malagasy | Austronesian | 35 | 0 | 8.6 | 0 | 34.3 | 0 | 8.6 | 5.7 | | 0 | O = 34.3% (Hurles 2005) |
| Mandinka | Niger-Congo | 39 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 79 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Wood 2005 |
| Mandinka (Guinea-Bissau) | Niger-Congo | 45 | | | | 86.7 | 4.4 | | | | | Rosa 2007 |
| Masalit | Nilo-Saharan | 32 | 18.8 | 3.1 | 0 | 0 | 71.9 | 0 | 6.3 | 0 | 0 | Hassan 2008 |
| Mossi | Niger-Congo | 49 | 0 | 2 | | 90 | 2 | | | | | Tishkoff 2007 |
| Namibia (Nama) | Khoisan | 11 | 64 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 9 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | Wood 2005 |
| Nande | Niger-Congo | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Wood 2005 |
| Niger–Congo | Niger-Congo | 705 | 2.7 | 9.6 | 4.5 | 68.2 | 3.9 | 6.9 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 0 | Wood 2005 |
| Nilo-Saharan | Nilo-Saharan | 91 | 12.1 | 35.2 | 0 | 29.7 | 14.3 | 8.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Wood 2005 |
| Nilo-Saharan | Nilo-Saharan | 345 | 23.2 | 17.4 | | 9.9 | 33.9 | 2.6 | 6.1 | | | Wood 2005, Hassan 2008, Tishkoff 2007, Cruciani 2002 |
| Nubians | Nilo-Saharan, Semitic | 39 | 0 | 7.7 | 0 | 0 | 23.1 | 0 | 43.6 | 10.3 | 0 | Hassan 2008 |
| Nuba | Nilo-Saharan | 28 | 46.4 | 14.3 | 0 | 0 | 39.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Hassan 2008 |
| Nuer | Nilo-Saharan | 12 | 33.3 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 16.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Hassan 2008 |
| Oromo (Ethiopia) | Cushitic | 78 | 10.3 | 1.3 | 0 | | 62.8 | 1.3 | 3.8 | 0 | 5.1 | Hassan 2008 |
| Ouldeme | Chadic | 13 | | | | | | | | 95.5 | | Cruciani2010 |
| Pygmy (Mbuti) | Nilo-Saharan | 47 | 2 | 59 | 0 | 34 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Wood 2005 |
| Pygmy (Western) | Niger-Congo | 60 | 5 | 53.3 | | 28.3 | 0 | | 0 | 3.3 | 0 | Berniell 2009 |
| São Tomé and Príncipe | Indo-European | 150 | 1.3 | 0 | 0 | 84.0 | 0 | | 0 | 8.7 | 0 | Gonçalves 2008 |
| Sandawe | Sandawe (Isolate) | 68 | 4 | 14 | | 43 | 34 | | | | | Tishkoff 2007 |
| Senegalese | Niger-Congo | 139 | 0 | 0 | 5.0 | 81.3 | 6.5 | 2.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Hassan 2008 |
| Shilluk | Nilo-Saharan | 15 | 53.3 | 26.7 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Hassan 2008 |
| Shuwa Arabs | Semitic | 5 | | | | | | | | 40 | | Cruciani2010 |
| Somalis | Cushitic | 201 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0 | 1.5 | 81.1 | 0.5 | 3.0 | 0 | 10.4 | R1a=1, Sanchez2005 |
| South African Whites | Indo-European | 157 | 0 | 0 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 9.6 | 0 | 3.8 | 51.6 | | Others=33.8 |
| Sudanese Arabs | Semitic | 102 | 2.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16.7 | 0 | 47.1 | 15.7 | 0 | Hassan 2008 |
| South Sudan (Nilotic) | Nilo-Saharan | 81 | 50.6 | 24.7 | 0 | 0 | 24.7 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | Hassan 2008 |
| West Sudan (Darfur) | Nilo-Saharan | 90 | 27.8 | 2.2 | 0 | 0 | 62.2 | 0 | 4.4 | | 0 | Hassan 2008 |
| Tuareg (Burkina Faso) | Berber | 38 | | | 0 | 16.7 | 77.8 | 0 | | 0 | | Pereira 2010 |
| Tuareg (Mali) | Berber | 21 | | | 0 | 9.1 | 90.9 | 0 | | 0 | | Pereira 2010 |
| Tuareg (Niger) | Berber | 31 | | | 0 | 44.4 | 16.7 | 0 | | 33.3 | | Pereira 2010 |
| Tutsi (Rwanda) | Niger-Congo | 94 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 80 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Luis 2004 |
| Wolof | Niger-Congo | 34 | 0 | 0 | 12.0 | 68.0 | 12.0 | 3.0 | 0 | 0 | | Wood 2005 |
| Yoruba | Niger-Congo | 13 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 92 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Tishkoff 2007 |
| Yoruba | Niger-Congo | 28 | | | | 93.1 | | | | | | IHC 2005 |
| Yoruba | Niger-Congo | 21 | | | | | | | | 4.8 | | Cruciani 2010 |
| Xhosa | Niger-Congo | 80 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 54 | 5 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Wood 2005 |
| Zulu | Niger-Congo | 29 | 3 | 20 | 0 | 55 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Wood 2005 |