# Gordon Wallace (nanotechnologist)

Gordon George Wallace is a leading scientist in the field of electromaterials. His students and collaborators have pioneered the use of nanotechnology in conjunction with organic conductors to create new materials for energy conversion and storage as well as medical bionics. He has developed new approaches to fabrication that allow material properties discovered in the nano world to be translated into micro structures and macro scopic devices.
Wallace's research interests include the discovery of new materials and the use of these in energy and biomedical devices.
Wallace is currently Director of the Intelligent Polymer Research Institute and the former Director of the Australian National Fabrication Facility (Materials Node) both headquartered at the University of Wollongong. He was also previously Executive Research Director at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science as well as Director of the Translational Research Initiative for Cellular Engineering and Printing (TRICEP).

## Early years and education

Gordon George Wallace was born in Belfast, Northern Ireland, where he attended primary school. His boyhood ambition was to become a professional soccer player.
In 1972 his family emigrated to Australia and settled in Geelong where he completed his high school education. He became interested in science while at Oberon High School.
He went to Deakin University in Geelong, and played soccer for the local Geelong football club. Wallace played soccer for the All Australian University team, winning a University Blue for Sport at Deakin.
Wallace graduated with a BSc Honours (chemistry and physics) in 1979 and then received a PhD in 1983.

## Career

After graduating, he lectured for two years at University College in Cork, Ireland.
In 1985 he decided to return to Australia to take up an appointment at the University of Wollongong. In 1990, at the age of 32, he was appointed a professor.
He was awarded an Australian Research Council QEII Fellowship in 1991, an ARC Senior Research Fellowship in 1995, an ARC Professorial Fellowship in 2002 and a Federation Fellowship in 2006. He was awarded a DSc from Deakin University in 2000.

## Research years

Wallace's first major contribution to science was to challenge the conventional wisdom that instability in polymer materials should always be eliminated. He asserted that this instability could, if understood, be directed and controlled, allowing the creation of "intelligent" polymers – materials that sense and respond to stimuli.
In 1990, Wallace established the world's first intelligent polymer research laboratory in NSW. His work has more recently been focused on exploring the development and use of such materials in biomolecular technologies – he has led a number of initiatives in developing the field of organic bionics.
He has developed collaborative research relationships with the inventor of the Cochlear Bionic Ear, Graeme Clark, as well as Stephen O'Leary, Peter Choong, and Mark Cook, which have led to significant developments in the field of new materials for medical bionics. He has established a significant national clinic network with others.
In September 2008, Wallace's team moved to research facilities at the University of Wollongong's new Innovation Campus based at North Wollongong.
He was instrumental in developing the vision and securing the funding for the Processing and Device Fabrication Facility opened in 2012.
Wallace has played a significant role in helping to lift the international research reputation of the University of Wollongong. He has hosted many international events in Wollongong, including the International Conference on Synthetic Metals, that attracted 1,000 delegates in 2004. He was chair of the International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 2018 (ICONN).
As of 2012 he had published more than 1,000 refereed papers and monographs on inherently conducting polymers for intelligent material systems, as well as the book Organic Bionics. He has an h index of 110 and has amassed in excess of 60,000 citations.

## Awards and honours

In addition to being awarded a number of research prizes, Wallace was elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering in 2003 and of the Australian Academy of Science in 2007.
He was appointed as an Officer of the Order of Australia and Wollongong's Australia Day Ambassador in 2017.
Later that year Wallace was named NSW Scientist of the Year.
He received the Inaugural Polymer Science and Technology award from the Royal Australian Chemical Institute (RACI) in 1992. He was awarded an ETS Walton Fellowship by Science Foundation Ireland in 2003. In 2009 he was awarded a lifetime achievement award by SPIE.
He was appointed to the Prime Ministers Knowledge Nation 100 in 2015. He received the Eureka Prize for Leadership in Science and Innovation in 2016.
He was elected as a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering in 2003. He received the RACI Stokes Medal for research in Electrochemistry in 2004 and was elected as a Fellow of the Institute of Physics (UK). In 2007 he was elected as a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science
Other awards include: The significance of Wallace's contributions to electrochemistry and polymer science has been recognised with a number of awards. A selection of these awards and distinctions are listed here:
* Corresponding Member Academy of Science, Bologna, 2016
* Distinguished Visiting Professor, Shinshu University, Japan, 2014–2022
* Awarded Honorary Doctorate in Chemical Engineering (DSc), Hanbat University, Korea, 2014
* Business Events Sydney's Ambassador, 2013–present
* UOW Vice Chancellor's Award for Interdisciplinary Research, 2013
* Australian Research Council (ARC) Laureate Fellowship, 2011
* Special Advisor (International Research) to the President, Hanbat University, Korea, 2011–2014
* Professor, Korean World Class University Program, 2009–2011
* Honorary member of the Royal Irish Academy

## Selected publications

* "The use of microelectrodes to probe the electropolymerization mechanism of heterocyclic conducting polymers" - Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry (1991)
* "Development of a polypyrrole-based human serum albumin sensor" - Analytica Chimica Acta (1991)
* "Incorporation of Erythrocytes into Polypyrrole to Form the Basis of a Biosensor to Screen for Rhesus (D) Blood Groups and Rhesus (D) Antibodies" - Electroanalysis (1999)
* "Enantioselective electropolymerization of aniline in the presence of (+)- or (-)- camphorsulfonate ion: a facile route to conducting polymers with preferred one-screw-sense helicity" - Polymer (1994)
* "A Single Component Conducting Polymer Hydrogel as a Scaffold for Tissue Engineering" - Advanced Functional Materials (2012)
* "Physical Surface and Electromechanical Properties of Doped Polypyrrole Biomaterials" - Biomaterials (2010)
* "Resolving Sub-Molecular Binding and Electrical Switching Mechanisms of Single Proteins at Electroactive Conducting Polymers" - Small (2013)
* "Mechanism of electromechanical actuation in polypyrrole" - Synthetic Metals (1995)
* "High-Performance Multifunctional Graphene Yarns: Toward Wearable All-Carbon Energy Storage Textiles" - ACS Nano (2014)
* "Effect of the counterion employed during synthesis on the properties of polypyrrole membranes" - Journal of Membrane Science (1994)
* "Pulsed amperometric detection of proteins using antibody containing conducting polymers" - Analytica Chimica Acta (1993)
* "Strain Response From Polypyrrole Actuators Under Load" - Advanced Functional Materials (2002)
* "Use of Ionic Liquids for p-Conjugated Polymer Electrochemical Devices" - Science (2002)
* "Skeletal Muscle Cell Proliferation and Differentiation on Polypyrrole Substrates Doped with Extracellular Matrix Components" - Biomaterials (2009)
* "Bio-ink for on-demand printing of living cells" - Biomaterials Science (2013)
* "Development of the Biopen: A handheld device for surgical printing of adipose stem cells at a chondral wound site" - Biofabrication (2016)
* "3D printing of layered brain-like structures using peptide modified gellan gum substrates" - Biomaterials (2015)
* "Processable aqueous dispersions of graphene nanosheets" - Nature Nanotechnology (2008)
* "Mechanically Strong, Electrically Conductive, and Biocompatible Graphene Paper" - Advanced Materials (2008)
* "Carbon Nanotube Actuators" - Science (1999)