OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Iunctim

The Latin word iunctim (also spelled junctim) denotes the process of connecting two or more independent agreements (contracts, treaties, bills of law) according to the principle that one agreement will not be made unless an agreement is found for all other items as well.[vague]

## In legislation

Some jurisdictions circumvent legislative attempts at iunctim by giving their chief executive a line-item veto to strike out one or some provisions enacted in a given bill without vetoing the entire bill.

## In contract law

In many jurisdictions, laws regulating competition limit the extent to which a contract can tie one condition to another.

## Examples

* In 2007, Red Hat was willing to sign a technical interoperability contract with Microsoft, provided that the deal did not address copyright or patents. A Red Hat representative stated, "I want to talk to the folks at Microsoft about our two operating systems and how we can work together to solve real customer problems without attaching any unrelated strings, such as intellectual property." However, Microsoft refused. A Microsoft spokesperson stated, "[Y]ou can't just sit back and talk about interoperability for interoperability's sake without fully solving the customer issue. Unless you actually address the issues around IP, you haven't fully solved the customer's interoperability problem."
# Guernsey's

Guernsey's is an auction house founded by Arlan Ettinger and Barbara Mintz and based in New York City.

## History

Guernsey's was founded by New York City advertising executives Arlan Ettinger and Barbara Mintz in 1975. It specializes in collecting obscure items.

## Notable Auctions

* Elvis Presley's first guitar
* Michael Jackson's moonwalking self-portrait
* Jerry Garcia's guitar called "Wolf"
* Keith Haring's refrigerator
# Paralepis

Paralepis is a genus of barracudinas.

## Species

There are currently four recognized species in this genus:
* Paralepis brevirostris (A. E. Parr, 1928)
* Paralepis coregonoides A. Risso, 1820 (Sharpchin barracudina)
* Paralepis elongata (A. B. Brauer, 1906)
* Paralepis speciosa Bellotti, 1878
# Luis Petcoff Naidenoff

Luis Carlos Petcoff Naidenoff (born 13 July 1967) is an Argentine lawyer and politician. He is National Senator and is the leader of the opposition political coalition Juntos por el Cambio in the Senate.
Born in rural El Colorado, Petcoff Naidenoff studied in El Colorado and Corrientes, and graduated as a lawyer at the Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE). He worked as a lawyer in Formosa. He served as President of the Association of Young Lawyers 1996–98.
Petcoff Naidenoff was elected as a Formosa city councillor in 1999 and headed the UCR caucus, serving until 2003. He was elected to the Argentine Senate in 2005. He was the UCR candidate for Governor of Formosa in 2007, with Ana Elena Caligaris as his running mate; he lost to Gildo Insfrán. Petcoff was elected president of the UCR caucus in the Senate in 2011.

## Personal life

Petcoff Naidenoff is of Bulgarian descent. He was married to Cinthya Sonaridio, a fellow graduate of UNNE; they had a daughter and a son. On 18 June, 2018, his wife Cinthya and their son were found dead in their home in Formosa. Initial reports suggested they had succumbed to monoxide poisoning.
In 2022 he got engaged to fellow senator Carolina Losada.

## National Senator

In 2005 he was elected National Senator for the Province of Formosa and re-elected in 2011 and 2017. He also appeared as a candidate for governor of Formosa in 2007 and 2015, losing both times against Gildo Insfrán, who has governed the province since 1995.
Currently it integrates 15 commissions, being one of the legislators with greater participation in the commissions of the Chamber.
Since 2015 he is the leader of Cambiemos in the Senate of the Nation.
Since its assumption, it presented 262 Draft Law, in addition to numerous communication and declaration projects.
He was recognized with the Parliamentary Award for his legislative activity in the years 2009 and 2016.
# Best-Shaw baronets

The Shaw, later Best-Shaw Baronetcy, of Eltham in the County of Kent, is a title in the Baronetage of England. It was created on 15 April 1665 for Sir John Shaw, Commissioner of the Customs 1660–62 and Member of Parliament for Lyme Regis 1661–79. Descended from the Shaws of Haslington Hall, Cheshire, he was a supporter of Charles I during the Civil War and provided financial support to the exiled Charles II, by whom he was knighted following the English Restoration in 1660. From 1663 he leased, from the Crown, the Manor of Eltham which included the then derelict Kings House or Eltham Palace and built a new manor house Eltham Lodge on the estate.
The fourth Baronet was High Sheriff of Kent in 1753. The eighth Baronet married Elizabeth Louisa, daughter of James Whatman Bosanquet and his wife Emily Dorothy, daughter of James Best. His son, the ninth Baronet, assumed in 1956 by Royal licence the additional surname of Best.
Charles Shaw (1785–1829), second son of the fifth Baronet and father of the seventh Baronet, was a captain in the Royal Navy

## Shaw, later Best-Shaw baronets, of Eltham (1665)

* Sir John Shaw, 1st Baronet (c. 1615–1680)
* Sir John Shaw, 2nd Baronet (c. 1660–1721)
* Sir John Shaw, 3rd Baronet (1687–1739)
* Sir John Shaw, 4th Baronet (1728–1779)
* Sir John Gregory Shaw, 5th Baronet (1756–1831)
* Sir John Kenward Shaw, 6th Baronet (1783–1857)
* Sir John Charles Kenward Shaw, 7th Baronet (1829–1909)
* Sir Charles John Monson Shaw, 8th Baronet (1860–1922)
* Sir John James Kenward Best-Shaw, 9th Baronet (1895–1984)
* Sir John Michael Robert Best-Shaw, 10th Baronet (1924–2014)
* Sir Thomas Joshua Best-Shaw, 11th Baronet (born 1965)
The heir apparent is the present holder's eldest son Joshua John Kirkland Best-Shaw (born 1995).
# Golden Corners, Ohio

Golden Corners is an unincorporated community in Wayne County, in the U.S. state of Ohio.

## History

A post office called Golden Corners was established in 1854, and remained in operation until 1901. In 1910, Golden Corners was one of five communities within Canaan Township.
# Henry I, Count of Durbuy

Henry I (died 1097), Count of Durbuy, son of Albert II, Count of Namur, and Regilende, daughter of Gothelo I, Count of Verdun and Duke of Lorraine.
Emperor Henry IV confirmed donations made by Henry to Saint James's Church, Liège, as witnessed by Giselbert II, Count of Duras. Henry participated in the First Crusade and died in Jerusalem in 1097.
Henry was married, but the name of his wife is unknown. They had one child:
Upon his death, Henry was succeeded as Count of Durbuy by his son Godefroi.

## Sources

* Gade, John A., Luxembourg in the Middle Ages, Brill, 1951
* Terre de Durbuy, catalogue d'exposition, Durbuy, Halle aux Blés, Ministère de la Communauté française, Direction générale des Arts et des Lettres, Administration du Patrimoine Culturel, 1982
# Bernard Colreavy

Bernard Colreavy (30 June 1871 – 30 November 1946) was an Australian cricketer. He played one first-class match for New South Wales in 1899/1900.
# Battle Cross, Boroughbridge

The Battle Cross is a historic monument in Aldborough, North Yorkshire in England.
The 18-foot high cross was erected to commemorate the Battle of Boroughbridge, which took place in 1322. The cross itself is probably 15th century, and it originally stood in the market place of Boroughbridge. In 1852, it was moved to the nearby village of Aldborough, in front of St Andrew's Church. It was Grade II listed in 1966.
The cross consists of four diagonal shafts with spurs between, in three diminishing stages, with moulded capitals. The shafts of the middle stage have crocketed capitals, and the top stage has a crocketed capital. The top parts have been damaged, and Nikolaus Pevsner describes them as having been "reassembled with dubious accuracy".
# Marcel Mouloudji

Marcel André Mouloudji (16 September 1922 – 14 June 1994) was a French singer and actor who was born in Paris and died in Neuilly-sur-Seine. He sang songs written by Boris Vian and Jacques Prévert.

## Personal life

Mouloudji was born to Algerian Saïd Mouloudji and Breton Eugénie Roux.
Mouloudji had two children: Grégory Mouloudji with Lilia Lejpune and Annabelle Mouloudji with Nicolle Tessier.

## Prizes and Honors

* 1944: Prix de la Pléiade for his novel Enrico
* 1953 : Grand Prix du disque de l’Académie Charles-Cros for the song, Comme un p'tit coquelicot.

## Partial filmography

* 1936: Jenny – Le Chanteur des rues
* 1936: La guerre des gosses – La Crique
* 1936: Ménilmontant – Toto
* 1937: In Venice, One Night – Le jeune Toto
* 1937: Claudine at School – Mouloud
* 1938: Mirages – Groom
* 1938: Les Disparus de Saint-Agil – Philippe Macroix
* 1938: Les gaietés de l'exposition
* 1939: L'Entraîneuse – Le cancre (uncredited)
* 1939: Le grand élan – Pierrot
* 1941: L'Enfer des anges – Le jeune Léon
* 1941: Premier bal – Le télégraphiste
* 1942: The Strangers in the House – Ephraïm (Amédé) Luska
* 1943: Les Roquevillard – Le garçon de la pension italienne (uncredited)
* 1943: Adieu Léonard – Le ramoneur (uncredited)
* 1943: Vautrin – Calvi (uncredited)
* 1944: L'Ange de la nuit – Un étudiant (uncredited)
* 1945: Boule de suif – Un franc-tireur (uncredited)
* 1945: Les Cadets de l'océan – Passicot
* 1947: Le Bataillon du ciel – Le Canaque
* 1947: Les jeux sont faits – Lucien Derjeu
* 1948: Bagarres – Tête blonde – Angelin
* 1949: La Maternelle – Paulo
* 1949: Les Eaux troubles – Ernest
* 1950: La souricière – Mouton
* 1950: Blonde – Bernard
* 1950: Justice est faite – Amadeo, le valet de ferme des Malingré
* 1951: La maison Bonnadieu – Le chanteur des rues (uncredited)
* 1951: Gigolo – Ernest
* 1952: Nous sommes tous des assassins – René Le Guen
* 1952: Trois femmes – Raoul (segment "Mouche")
* 1952: Jouons le jeu – le chanteur (segment 'L'orgueil')
* 1953: The Virtuous Scoundrel – Le chanteur
* 1953: Boum sur Paris – Marcel Mouloudji
* 1954: Il Letto – Ricky (segment "Riviera-Express")
* 1954: Tout chante autour de moi – Georges
* 1957: Until the Last One – Le forain Quedchi
* 1958: Rafles sur la ville [fr] – Lucien Donati, dit "Le Niçois"
* 1959: 58.2/B (Short) – Récitant / Narrator
* 1959: Llegaron dos hombres – Angel Garcia
* 1962: La Planque – Georges

## Songs

* "Rue de Lappe"
* "Comme un p'tit coquelicot"
* "Un jour tu verras"
* "Le Déserteur"
* "Jouez mariachis"
* "La Chanson de Tessa"
* "Les Rues de Paris"
* "L'Amour, l'Amour, l'Amour"
* "Merci"
# Ius naturale

Ius naturale is Latin for natural right, the laws common to all beings. Roman jurists wondered why the ius gentium (the laws which applied to foreigners and citizens alike) was in general accepted by all people living in the Empire. Their conclusion was that these laws made sense to a reasonable person and thus were followed. All laws which would make sense to a normal person were called ius naturale.
Slavery, for example, was part of the empire-wide ius gentium because slavery was known and accepted as a normal social institution in all parts of the known world. Nevertheless, as forcing people to work for others was a human-produced condition, it was not considered natural and, hence, was part of the ius gentium but not the ius naturale. The ius naturale of the Roman jurists is not the same as implied by the modern sense of natural law as something derived from pure reason. As Sir Henry James Sumner Maine puts it, "it was never thought of as founded on quite untested principles. The notion was that it underlay existing law and must be looked for through it". Romans gave to Natural law a great importance in their daily lives. They mentioned once "ius naturale est quod natura omnia animalia docuit", which means the right that nature gave to all living things.
# Paraxena

Paraxena is a genus of moths in the subfamily Lymantriinae. The genus was erected by George Thomas Bethune-Baker in 1911. Both species are found in Angola.

## Species

* Paraxena esquamata Bethune-Baker, 1911
* Paraxena angola Bethune-Baker, 1911
# Guyana at the 2019 Parapan American Games

Guyana competed in the 2019 Parapan American Games in Lima, Peru from 23 August to 1 September. This was Guyana's first appearance at the Parapan American Games.

## Table tennis

Guyana will represent one male table tennis player.
| Athlete | Event | Preliminaries | Preliminaries | Preliminaries | Preliminaries | Semifinals | Final / BM | Final / BM |
| Athlete | Event | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Rank | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Rank |
| Gibran Hussein | Men's singles C10 | Echaveguren (CHI) L 0-3 | Puerto (COL) L 0-3 | Rivera (PUR) L 1-3 | 4 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
# Bertradaburg

The Bertradaburg is a ruined hill castle on a rock spur, 348 m above sea level (NN), above the village of Mürlenbach in the county of Vulkaneifel in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It thus stands in the geographical centre of Merovingian Francia.

## History

The castle was built on the remains of a Roman castrum, which probably guarded the Roman road from Trier to Cologne. In the castle, according to local tradition, Bertrada, the mother of Charlemagne is said to have lived which implies that his birth was around 747 AD. The existence of the castle is first recorded in the 13th century when it is mentioned as a state fortress of the princely imperial abbey of Prüm (c.f. the Middle Rhine Register or Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch), archaeological finds have indicated that there were earlier fortifications on the site.
After Prüm Abbey was occupied and damaged by French Revolutionary troops from 1794 to 1802, Mürlenbach's castle was seized as part of the forced secularisation of the abbey estate and auctioned by France to a private owner.
In the late 20th century, the surviving castle walls and buildings were restored by the Tiepelmann family and the state-owned, 30-metre-high, ruined double tower gate was rebuilt with state finance. In 2009, the nine owners were given a grant from the federal and state budgets to secure and maintain the 16th-century, five-metre-thick, southwest roundel. The 13th-century shield wall was also renovated with funding from the state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

## Description and present use

The 30-metre-high tower house, the double tower gateway of the Betradaburg, is visible from a long way off. It has good views of the surrounding countryside and may be visited as part of a guided tour. Every year the Mürlenbach Castle Festival (Mürlenbacher Burgfest) takes place. The castle is privately owned and has holiday apartments which are currently being renovated.
# Norway at the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2021

Norway competed at the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2021 in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Norway, from 8 to 21 February 2021.

## Medalists

| Athlete | Gendre | Event | Medal |
| Sebastian Foss-Solevåg | Men | Slalom | gold |
| Sebastian Foss-Solevåg Fabian Wilkens Solheim Kristin Lysdahl Kristina Riis-Johannessen Thea Louise Stjernesund | Mixed | Team Event | gold |
| Henrik Kristoffersen | Men | Slalom | bronze |
# Henry Hertz

Henry Hertz may refer to:
* Henry L. Hertz (1847–1926), American businessman and politician
* Henry Porter Hertz (1894–1944), American architect
# Omphalophora

Omphalophora is a genus of snipe flies of the family Rhagionidae. They are delicate to fairly robust flies, from 3 to 10 mm. they are entirely black or brown in colour.

## Species

* Omphalophora arctica (Frey, 1918)
* Omphalophora cinereofasciata (Schilling, 1838)
* Omphalophora fasciata (Loew, 1870)
* Omphalophora lapponica Frey, 1911
* Omphalophora majuscula (Loew, 1870)
* Omphalophora nigripilosa (Hardy & McGuire, 1947)
* Omphalophora oculata Becker, 1900
# Ireland, 1912–1985: Politics and Society

Ireland, 1912–1985: Politics and Society is a book by Irish historian and politician J. J. Lee, published in 1989. It studies 20th-century Irish history, and emphasizes the influence of Irish cultural, social, and economic history on Irish national politics since home rule. The book was mostly well-received, and won several awards.

## Reception

Ireland, 1912–1985 was met by mostly positive reviews. Since its publication in November 1989, it was reprinted twice in 1990, and once again in 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1998, and 2001.
In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the book was well received. In the Irish Journal of Sociology, Gearóid Ó Tuathaigh called it "an engaging and consistently original historical commentary." D. W. Harkness of Queen's University Belfast praised it as "witty, stimulating, and provocative" in The English Historical Review, but opined that the text showed "signs of haste" and "typographical errors." In History Workshop Journal, David Cairns lauded the book as "one of the most powerful analyses of any contemporary society that I have read." In Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review, published by the Irish Province of the Society of Jesus, Raymond Crotty called it "well written, well researched, and copiously referenced," and believed that its length was an "attraction... to the non-specialist."
In the United States and other countries, reception was also positive. In the American journal of British history Albion, University of Connecticut professor Paul M. Canning described it as "a perceptive and at times brilliant analysis of Ireland's performance as an independent nation," though he thought it could have used some "judicial pruning." In The American Historical Review, Virginia E. Glandon of the University of Missouri–Kansas City called the book "a critical survey of Irish society and politics." In the French-language Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales, François-Charles Mougel of the Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux wrote that Ireland, 1912–1985 was "one of the first great syntheses on the history of the whole island in the twentieth century."

## Awards and honors

* 1991: The Irish Times/Aer Lingus Irish Literature Prize (Non-Fiction)
* 1991: Irish Life/Sunday Independent Arts Award (Prize for History)
* 1992: James S. Donnelly Sr. Prize for History and Social Sciences
# Iñaki Aizpurúa

José Ignacio 'Iñaki' Aizpurúa Alzaga (born 5 May 1970) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a goalkeeper.
He spent most of his 16-year professional career with Salamanca, playing in three La Liga seasons with the club. His last years were spent with Levante, where he later worked in other capacities.

## Club career

Born in Irun, Basque Country, Aizpurúa made his professional debut at the age of 21, playing three seasons with hometown's Real Unión, the last spent in the third division. Subsequently, he left for UD Salamanca, where he remained eight years making nearly 200 official appearances; in 1995–96 he appeared in 40 La Liga games, but the Castile and León side were relegated back to the second level after finishing last.
In summer 2003, after a season loaned at Levante UD by Real Sociedad – which first loaned the player to Burgos CF, aborting the move following the club's relegation from division two due to irregularities– Aizpurúa signed permanently with the same team, only managing to be a backup in his four overall seasons at the Estadio Ciudad de Valencia; in 2004–05, the only year he spent in the top flight during this timeframe, he did not manage to appear in the league, playing understudy to Juan Luis Mora as the Granotas ranked 18th with the subsequent relegation.
Following his retirement in January 2007 at the age of 36 (he was not registered during that campaign), Aizpurúa continued working with Levante in directorial capacities and as youth system coordinator.
# Parathectis sordidula

Parathectis sordidula is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1913. It is found in South Africa and Namibia.
The wingspan is 6–8 mm. The forewings are ochreous whitish, variably tinged, sprinkled, or irrorated with grey. There is a grey elongated dot on the fold at one-fourth. The stigmata are small and dark grey, with one or two blackish scales, the plical very obliquely beyond the first discal. The hindwings are grey.
# Uzunark, Pasinler

Uzunark is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Pasinler, Erzurum Province in Turkey. Its population is 215 (2022).
# Guyana at the 2021 Islamic Solidarity Games

Guyana participated in the 2021 Islamic Solidarity Games held in Konya, Turkey from 9 to 18 August 2022.
The games had been rescheduled several times. In May 2021, the ISSF postponed the event to August 2022 citing the COVID-19 pandemic situation in the participating countries.

## Medalists

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event | Date |
Medals by sport :
| Sport | | | | Total |
| Archery | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Athletics | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Bocce | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Gymnastics | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Karate | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Swimming | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Taekwondo | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Volleyball | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Weightlifting | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Wrestling | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |

## Basketball
### Men's 3x3 tournament
#### Group B

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | PF | PA | PD | Qualification |
| 1 | Iran | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Quarterfinals |
| 2 | Maldives | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Quarterfinals |
| 3 | Guyana | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9–12th place semifinals |
| 4 | Uganda | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 5 | Mauritania | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
# Berlina

Berlina may refer to:
* Sedan (automobile), a style of passenger car
* Alfa Romeo 1750 Berlina, an automobile produced from 1968 to 1977
* Holden Berlina, an automobile produced by the Holden subsidiary of General Motors since 1984
* Opel Rekord Berlina, a specification level of the Opel Rekord automobile produced by the Opel subsidiary of General Motors
* Phillips Berlina, a neo-classic car produced from 1980 to 1983
# Benzilic acid

Benzilic acid is an organic compound with formula C $_{14}$H $_{12}$O $_3$ or (C $_6$H $_5$)$_2$(HO)C(COOH). It is a white crystalline aromatic acid, soluble in many primary alcohols.

## Preparation

Benzilic acid can be prepared by heating a mixture of benzil, ethanol, and potassium hydroxide.
Another preparation, performed by Liebig in 1838, is the dimerization of benzaldehyde, to benzil, which is transformed to the product by the benzilic acid rearrangement reaction.

## Uses

Benzilic acid is used in the manufacture of glycollate pharmaceuticals including clidinium, dilantin, flutropium, and mepenzolate which are antagonists of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
It is used in manufacture of the incapacitating agent 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate (BZ) which is regulated by the Chemical Weapons Convention. It is also monitored by law enforcement agencies of many countries, because of its use in the manufacture in hallucinogenic drugs.
# Henry Stanhope

Henry Stanhope may refer to:
* Henry Stanhope, Lord Stanhope (died 1634), English nobleman and politician
* Henry Edwyn Stanhope (1754–1814), Royal Navy officer
# Omphalos (disambiguation)

An omphalos is a type of ancient religious stone artifact; its name comes from the Greek for "navel".
Omphalos may also refer to:
* Omphalos Stone, a stone in Greek mythology
* Omphalos (book), by Philip Gosse
* Omphalos (story), by Ted Chiang
* Omphalos hypothesis, which proposes that God made the world appear old when he created it
* Omphalos (sculpture), a sculpture in southern Sweden, named after the Omphalos in Delphi
* Omphalos (film)
* Omfalos, a sculpture in Sweden
# Ireland, Nova Scotia

Ireland (Éirinn in Gaelic) is a small community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in Antigonish County.