OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Macrostomum lignano

Macrostomum lignano is a free-living, hermaphroditic flatworm. It is transparent and of small size (adults reaching about 1.7 mm), and is part of the intertidal sand meiofauna of the Adriatic Sea. Originally a model organism for research on developmental biology and the evolution of the bilaterian body plan, it has since expanded to other important fields of research such as sexual selection and sexual conflicts, ageing and the evolution of the bilaterian body plan, ecotoxicology, and, more recently, genomics.

## Name

The genus name "Macrostomum", meaning "big-mouthed", derives from the Greek μάκρος makros, "large", and στόμα, stoma, mouth. The species name, lignano, comes from the location where this species has so far been found, the sandy beaches and lagoons at and near Lignano Sabbiadoro, Italy.

## Biology

Macrostomum lignano, like all other flatworms, is an unsegmented, soft-bodied bilaterian without body cavity, and no specialized circulatory or respiratory organs. Unlike many other flatworms, its body is not flattened but round in cross section, the diffusion of oxygen and nutrients to the different body parts being possible due to its small size (adults reach about 1.7 mm in length)
Macrostomum lignano is a simultaneous hermaphrodite. Adults (about 12 days after hatching, at 20 °C and ad libitum food) have a pair of ovaries and a pair of testes, and simultaneously produce gametes in both sex functions. Reproduction is by outcrossing, with worms mating reciprocally.

## Ecology and distribution

Macrostomum lignano lives interstitially in sandy habitats, at the intertidal or upper-intertidal zone, usually in the upper 5–10 mm. It only needs a little humidity in the sand to survive, but it can also be found underwater during high tide. It favours protected areas with no or very low wave exposure like tidal lagoons. M. lignano feeds primarily on diatoms, but it has been observed to eat small invertebrates and, occasionally, eggs (even conspecific, and sometimes its own). M. lignano can often be found with other turbellarians, gastrotrichs, nematodes, and numerous groups of crustaceans like copepods.
Density varies widely, there can be hundreds of individuals in a tablespoon of sand. When conditions deteriorate, for instance due to desiccation or increased salinity, M. lignano can encyst by secreting a soft shell which can be dissolved within minutes once conditions improve.
To date, M. lignano has only been found in locations near Lignano Sabbiadoro (Italy): tidal lagoons on the eastern side of Bibione and the Isola di Martignano, natural and semi-natural beaches of the Laguna di Marano and the Isola Valle Vechia.
# Maheshbati

Maheshbati is a village in Raina I CD block in Bardhaman Sadar South subdivision of Purba Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

## Geography
### Urbanisation

95.54% of the population of Bardhaman Sadar South subdivision live in the rural areas. Only 4.46% of the population live in the urban areas, and that is the lowest proportion of urban population amongst the four subdivisions in Purba Bardhaman district. The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

### Location

Maheshbati is located at 23°04′34″N 87°54′22″E﻿ / ﻿23.0761°N 87.9061°E﻿ / 23.0761; 87.9061.

## Demographics

As per the 2011 Census of India, Maheshbati had a total population of 1,028 of which 533 (52%) were males and 495 (48%) were females. Population below 6 years was 116. The total number of literates in Maheshbati was 644 (70.61% of the population over 6 years).

## Transport

Maheshbati is on Raina-Karalaghat Road, adjacent to Raina.

## Healthcare

Maheshbati Rural Hospital at Maheshbati (with 30 beds) is the main medical facility in Raina I CD block. There are primary health centres at Meral (with 4 beds), Narugram (with 6 beds) and Shyamsundar (with 10 beds).
See also - Healthcare in West Bengal
# Tahsin Bekir Balta

Tahsin Bekir Balta (1902–1970) was a Turkish politician and member of the European Commission of Human Rights from 1963 to 1969.
# Howard's Plains, Tasmania

Howard's Plains is a plain just west and above the river valley location of Queenstown in Western Tasmania, Australia. It is located to the east of the Henty River catchment area.
It is the location of the junction of the Zeehan Highway and the Queenstown to Strahan road, and the Queenstown, Tasmania aerodrome.
It was not until 1934 that the road out of Queenstown up onto the plain was constructed, utilising unemployed workers.
The completion of the Penghana to Howard's Plains road led to the eventual construction of the Queenstown to Strahan road, and the road to Zeehan in the late 1930s and early 1940s.
In the southern area, it is the location of tailings dams created by the Mount Lyell remediation scheme that are situated above the Queen River.
# Habrosyne gloriosa

Habrosyne gloriosa, the glorious habrosyne moth, is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from the northern United States, south in the Rocky Mountains to Arizona. In Canada, it is found in Ontario and Quebec.
The wingspan is about 37 mm. Adults are very similar to Habrosyne scripta, but the antemedian line has a sharp angle near the middle. Adults are on wing from April to September in two generations per year.
The larvae's host plants are unknown but presumably Rubus and Physocarpus species.
# Malabar matthi curry

Malabar matthi curry, also known as fish curry, is a traditional Kerala dish. It is usually prepared with fish semi-stewed in a Kerala-style sauce that typically includes a blend of spices and assorted vegetables, such as okra or onions. While sardines are commonly used, the dish can be prepared with a variety of fish, such as mackerel, kingfish, or pomfret. It is usually served with rice or tapioca. The dish is most popular in Kerala, Goa, and Sri Lanka, where rice and fish are staple foods. Other variations may include adding tamarind juice or coconut milk.

## History

The origins of the modern dish can be traced back to Tamil Nadu and Kerala.

## Preparation

Fish curries are also eaten in Sri Lanka and other countries. The dish is also mass-produced, processed and packaged in cans and flexible pouches for consumer purchase.
# Jan Bystroń

Jan Bystroń may refer to:
* Jan Bystroń (linguist) (1860–1902), Polish linguist
* Jan Stanisław Bystroń (1892–1964), his son, Polish sociologist and ethnographer
# Peifer

Peifer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Mark Peifer, American biologist
* Michael Peifer (born 1968), American politician
* Nicolas Peifer (born 1990), French wheelchair tennis player
# Bum language

Bum is a Grassfields Bantu language of Cameroon.
# Macrostomus

Macrostomus is a genus of flies in the family Empididae.

## Species

* M. abdominalis Bezzi, 1905
* M. acreanus Rafael and Cumming, 2015
* M. albicaudatus Rafael and Cumming, 2015
* M. alpinus Rafael & Cumming, 2006
* M. amazonensis Rafael and Cumming, 2015
* M. apicalis Bezzi, 1909
* M. arcucinctus Bezzi, 1909
* M. argyrotarsis Bezzi, 1909
* M. barueri Smith, 1962
* M. ciliaticosta Rafael & Cumming, 2006
* M. cysticercus Smith, 1963
* M. digitatus Smith, 1962
* M. distinctipennis Smith, 1962
* M. divisus Smith, 1962
* M. dolichocerus Bezzi, 1905
* M. dolichopterus Bezzi, 1909
* M. falcatus Rafael and Marques, 2019
* M. fasciventris (Curran, 1931)
* M. ferrugineus (Fabricius, 1805)
* M. flavus Rafael and Cumming, 2009
* M. fulvithorax Curran, 1931
* M. furcatus Rafael and Cumming, 2009
* M. fuscithorax Rafael and Cumming, 2009
* M. fusciventris Rafael and Cumming, 2009
* M. grallatrix Bezzi, 1909
* M. inflatus Rafael and Cumming, 2012
* M. juri Smith, 1962
* M. limbipennis Bezzi, 1909
* M. lineatus Rafael & Cumming, 2006
* M. longipennis Rafael and Cumming, 2009
* M. macerrimus Bezzi, 1909
* M. manauara Rafael and Cumming, 2010
* M. melanothorax Rafael and Cumming, 2009
* M. montanus Rafael and Marques, 2019
* M. mundurucu Smith, 1962
* M. mura Smith, 1962
* M. nigriventris Macquart, 1846
* M. nitidus Rafael and Cumming, 2012
* M. occidentalis Rafael & Cumming, 2006
* M. orthoneura Bezzi, 1905
* M. pacaraima Rafael and Cumming, 2010
* M. palliatus (Coquillett, 1902)
* M. paraiba Rafael and Cumming, 2015
* M. penai Rafael & Cumming, 2006
* M. perpulchrus Bezzi, 1909
* M. pictipennis Bezzi, 1909
* M. pulchriventris Bezzi, 1905
* M. rodriguezi Rafael and Marques, 2019
* M. rotundipennis Bezzi, 1905
* M. seticauda Smith, 1963
* M. smithi Rafael and Cumming, 2010
* M. tarsalis Rafael & Cumming, 2006
* M. trifidus Rafael and Marques, 2019
* M. trilineatus Rafael and Marques, 2019
* M. trombetensis Rafael and Cumming, 2015
* M. utinga Rafael and Cumming, 2010
* M. variseta Smith, 1962
* M. wiedemanni Smith, 1962
* M. xavieri Rafael and Cumming, 2015
# Mahesh Viswanathan

Mahesh Viswanathan is an engineer at IBM. He was named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2015 for his contributions to ubiquitous access to cloud computing and to vehicular speech communications.
# Tahrir Square (disambiguation)

Tahrir Square (Arabic: ميدان التحرير, Mīdān at-Taḥrīr, lit: Liberation Square) is a major public town square in downtown Cairo, Egypt.
Tahrir Square may also refer to:
* Tahrir Square, Alexandria, Egypt
* Tahrir Square, Baghdad, Iraq
* Tahrir Square, Damascus, Syria; on Baghdad Street
* Tahrir Square, Sanaa, Yemen
# Grote Broek

De Grote Broek (English: The Big Trousers) is a legalised squat and self-managed social centre in central Nijmegen in the Netherlands. It was occupied in 1984 and legalised from 2002 onwards. It spans two sides of a city block and has entrances on both Van Broeckhuysenstraat and Tweede Walstraat. The project consists of two separate housing co-operatives living above a cafe on one side and Extrapool and a music venue on the other. Groups with shared political objectives are hosted at the centre.

## History of building

The building was first used by two newspapers, the Provinciale Geldersche and the Nijmeegsche Courant. Afterwards it was a furniture shop before becoming derelict in the 1980s.

## Occupation

De Grote Broek was squatted on November 4, 1984. At first it was called De Grote Karel (English: the Big Karel) after the owner's name. The name later became De Grote Broek since one side of the block is on Van Broeckhuysenstraat. One resident was Louis Sévèke.

## Legalisation

Following the death of the owner in 2002, the city of Nijmegen bought the building and a legalisation process began. Negotiations were made between the occupiers and a housing corporation, Standvast Wonen. The squatters therefore became renters and the renovations were completed in 2009.

## Activities

* The cafe is called De Klinker and serves vegan food. It actually began in another squat in the 1970s. There is also an anarchist library called De Zwarte Uil (English: The Black Owl).
* The venue is called De Onderbroek (English: The Underpants). It is located in the basement and hosts a variety of events, including punk and hardcore gigs. It is running since 1986.
* Extrapool is an artist-run initiative.
* Anarchist Black Cross Nijmegen.
* Stichting Gast works with migrants.
* Stichting Straatmensen works with homeless people.

## Recent events

The Grote Broek celebrated 30 years of existence in November 2014.
In 2018, an extreme right group was offended by the Grote Broek organising a 'Refugees Welcome' picnic. The group demonstrated for the closure of the centre, which they termed "a violent breeding ground for extreme leftism".
In the same time period there were also scuffles outside the Grote Broek between right wing supporters of Zwarte Piet celebrations and leftwingers who see it as racism.
In 2019, someone was arrested near the Grote Broek and charged with making a death threat against politician Thierry Baudet because the previous day she had been at a demonstration in Amsterdam and had sung "If you want to shoot Thierry dead say pow!" (Dutch: Als je Thierry dood wil schieten, zeg dan paf!).
# Tajwal Tarli

Tajwal Tarli is a village in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located at 34°1'0N 73°20'30E with an altitude of 1563 metres (5131 feet).
# HMT Kastoria

HM Trawler Kastoria, pennant number 4.148, was a Royal Navy minesweeper during the Second World War. She was originally a commercial trawler but was requisitioned by the Admiralty in 1941 as a naval trawler and returned to her original owners in 1946.
# Horry-Georgetown Technical College

Horry-Georgetown Technical College (HGTC) is a public technical college in Conway, South Carolina. It is a part of the South Carolina Technical College System.
HGTC is the fourth largest technical college in the state, and offers over 65 degree and certificate programs in Golf & Sports Turf Technology, Arts & Science, Business, Engineering & Industrial Technology, Health Science, Information/Computer Technology, and Public Service Technology. Tourism programs that have been added help the local economy. 90 percent of graduates stay in the area.
HGTC currently has three campuses. In addition to the main campus on U.S. 501 next to Coastal Carolina University in Conway (33°47′47″N 79°00′12″W﻿ / ﻿33.7964°N 79.0033°W﻿ / 33.7964; -79.0033﻿ (Horry-Georgetown Technical College, Conway Campus)), the school has campuses in Myrtle Beach (33°39′33″N 78°56′30″W﻿ / ﻿33.6591°N 78.9416°W﻿ / 33.6591; -78.9416﻿ (Horry-Georgetown Technical College, Grand Strand Campus)) and Georgetown (33°19′14″N 79°19′17″W﻿ / ﻿33.3205°N 79.3213°W﻿ / 33.3205; -79.3213﻿ (Horry-Georgetown Technical College, Georgetown Campus)). Students can also take classes online. The Conway campus has 13 buildings on 50 acres (20.2 ha).
The Grand Strand Campus Conference and Business Center near The Market Common has meeting space that includes the Thomas C. Maeser Auditorium, a 3,650-square-foot (339 m$^2$) ballroom.

## History

In 1961, the Technical Education System in South Carolina began. In 1963, the South Carolina General Assembly created the Horry-Georgetown Commission for Technical Education. Horry-Marion-Georgetown Technical Education Center began with 123 students in 1966. In 1975, the name changed to Horry-Georgetown Technical College as a result of growth and changed emphasis. Horry-Georgetown Technical College now serves Horry and Georgetown Counties, while Marion County is served by Florence-Darlington Technical College.
In 2000, as buildings were torn down at the former Myrtle Beach Air Force Base, HGTC claimed the Officers Club and Non-Commissioned Officers Club.
The former base hospital became the Dr. Robert E. Speir Jr. Health Education Center on the Myrtle Beach campus, which held its grand opening July 11, 2008. In 2009, HGTC announced the center would get a 20,000-square-foot (1,900 m$^2$) addition for dental programs. The $7.4 million facility was substantially complete when Myrtle Beach City Council toured it May 8, 2012.
On June 15, 2012, the dedication of the Fred Fore Wildlife Pavilion was held at the Georgetown campus. Fore served as president of Florence-Darlington Technical College for 29 years, and his wife Marilyn Fore, the current HGTC President, worked to develop the pavilion as a forestry classroom.
# 1997 Swedish Golf Tour

The 1997 Swedish Golf Tour, titled as the 1997 Telia Infomedia Golf Tour for sponsorship reasons, was the 14th season of the Swedish Golf Tour, the main professional golf tour in Sweden since it was formed in 1984, with most tournaments being incorporated into the Challenge Tour between 1989 and 1998.

## Schedule

The following table lists official events during the 1997 season.
| Date | Tournament | Location | Purse (SKr) | Winner | Main tour |
| 10 May | Motoman Robotics Open | Småland | 150,000 | Johan Ryström (5) | |
| 24 May | Borås Open | Västergötland | 150,000 | Mikko Rantanen (1) | |
| 1 Jun | Himmerland Open | Denmark | £35,000 | Mikael Lundberg | CHA |
| 8 Jun | SIAB Open | Skåne | £35,000 | Joakim Rask | CHA |
| 15 Jun | Husqvarna Open | Småland | 210,000 | Mikael Lundberg (1) | |
| 22 Jun | Team Erhverv Danish Open | Denmark | £80,000 | David Lynn | CHA |
| 6 Jul | Uno-X Skövde Open | Västergötland | 150,000 | Ola Eliasson (1) | |
| 13 Jul | Volvo Finnish Open | Finland | £35,000 | Søren Kjeldsen | CHA |
| 3 Aug | Gardemoen PGA Open | Norway | 150,000 | Joakim Kroon (1) | |
| 10 Aug | Västerås Open | Västmanland | 150,000 | Peter Hanson (a) (1) | |
| 24 Aug | Finnair Audi Open | Finland | 250,000 | David Lindqvist (1) | |
| 31 Aug | Toyota Danish PGA Championship | Denmark | £40,000 | Fredrik Henge | CHA |
| 8 Sep | Öhrlings Swedish Matchplay | Halland | £50,000 | Gregory Garbero | CHA |
| 14 Sep | Tor Line Open | Halland | 200,000 | Fredrik Forsvall (1) | |
| 21 Sep | Helsingborg Golf Open | Skåne | 150,000 | Mikael Krantz (2) | |
| 5 Oct | Telia InfoMedia Grand Prix | Skåne | £80,000 | Fredrik Henge | CHA |

## Order of Merit

The Order of Merit was based on tournament results during the season, calculated using a points-based system.
| Position | Player | Points |
| 1 | Fredrik Henge | 2,021 |
| 2 | Mikael Lundberg | 1,416 |
| 3 | Johan Ryström | 944 |
| 4 | Kalle Brink | 870 |
| 5 | Ola Eliasson | 838 |
# Peider Lansel

Peider Lansel (August 15, 1863 – December 8, 1943) was a Swiss Romansh lyric poet. He is most known for having revived Rhaeto-Romansh as a literary language. His family was from Sent, Switzerland, (although he was born in Pisa) and worked as a merchant, as well as being a poet.
# Bum steer

"Bum steer", a term denoting misdirection, is predominantly from Australia, New Zealand and North America. The idiom means to provide information, intentionally or unintentionally, that is incorrect, was unhelpful, or caused one to be led astray. The idiom, as used in Australia and New Zealand, reached the United States in the 1920s probably after exposure to Australian troops on the Western Front during World War I, and is recorded in the UK since 1944.
Its origin is possibly from 19th-century American maritime humour and the difficulty of trying to steer a vessel in reverse. A ship's stern is flat and lacks the pointed structure of a bow, and a ship is therefore difficult to maneuver in reverse when using the rudder, also found on the stern. The reverse maneuvering was accomplished therefore through shouted instructions from the wharf to the wheelhouse, via intermediary deckhands. Such communication was prone to misunderstanding owing to the wide variety of nationalities employed on United States merchant vessels during the 19th century.

## Citations and notes

* ↑ p.468, Urdang
* ↑ for example, p.137, Kitching
* ↑ p.125, Barnhart, Steinmetz
* ↑ p.32, Fergusson, Partridge, Beale
* ↑ p.1619, The Chambers Dictionary
* ↑ p.73, Day
# Harlequin bat

The harlequin bat (Scotomanes ornatus) is a species of bat in the family Vespertilionidae, the vesper bats. It is the only member of the genus Scotomanes.
The harlequin bat is found in south-eastern Asia from India to China and Vietnam. It is a common and widespread species that lives in forests and caves and roosts in trees.
# Hoàng Cầm stove

The Hoàng Cầm stove, named after its inventor, Hoàng Cầm, the chef, a Viet Minh soldier in 1951, was a stove intake and chimney system which diffused and dissipated smoke from cooking which prevented aerial detection of smoke by American military planes. They were used extensively in the Cu Chi tunnels and other hideouts. Another name for the cooker was the "guitar stove". The system required a deep, covered hole in the ground from which long underground bamboo vents dissipated the smoke.
The inventor of the stove was reportedly born 1916 and died 1996. He served in the PAVN since 1947 in the rear services, left the army in 1958 with the rank Captain. He was no known relation to either Hoàng Cầm, the general (born 1920) or Hoàng Cầm, the poet (born 1922), both of which are chosen names.
# Grote

Grote is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Arthur Grote (1814–1886), English colonial administrator
* Augustus Radcliffe Grote (1841–1903), British entomologist
* Byron Grote (born 1948), CFO of BP
* Dennis Grote (born 1986), German footballer
* George Grote (1794–1871), English classical historian
* Gottfried Grote (1903–1976), German church musician
* Harriet Grote (1792–1878), English biographer and wife to George Grote
* Hermann Grote (1882–1951), German ornithologist
* Irvine W. Grote (1898–1972), American chemist
* Jerry Grote (1942–2024), American baseball player
* Jerry Grote (basketball) (born 1940), American basketball player
* John Grote (1813–1866), English philosopher and clergyman
* Klaus Grote (born 1947), German archaeologist
* Kurt Grote (born 1973), American Olympic swimmer
* Otto Grote zu Schauen (1636–1693), a Hanoverian statesman
* Royal U. Grote, Jr. (1946–2016), American Episcopalian bishop
# Chițu

Chițu is a Romanian surname. Individuals with this name include:
* Aurelian Chițu (born 1991), footballer
* Andreea Chițu (born 1988), judoka
* Gheorghe Chițu (1828–1897), politician and writer
* Marian Chițu (born 1986), footballer
* Vasile Chițu (1896–1968), general in World War II
Chitu may refer to:
* Chitu, Ethiopia, administrative seat of Wonchi woreda
* Chitu, alternative spelling of Chi Tu, ancient Kingdom in the Malay Peninsula
* Haval Chitu, an automobile
# 1997 Swedish Open

The 1997 Swedish Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Båstad, Sweden that was part of the World Series of the 1997 ATP Tour. It was the 50th edition of the tournament and was held from 7 July until 13 July 1997. Fourth-seeded Magnus Norman won the singles title.

## Finals
### Singles

Magnus Norman defeated Juan Antonio Marín 7–5, 6–2
* It was Norman's first singles title of his career.

### Doubles

Nicklas Kulti / Mikael Tillström defeated Magnus Gustafsson / Magnus Larsson 6–0, 6–3
# 1941 in El Salvador

The following lists events that happened in 1941 in El Salvador.

## Incumbents

* President: Maximiliano Hernández Martínez
* Vice President: Vacant

## Events
### December

* 8 December – El Salvador declared war on the Axis Powers in World War II following the Bombing of Pearl Harbor and joined the Allied Powers.

### Undated

* España F.C., a Salvadoran football club, was disestablished.

## Births

* Napoleón Herson Calitto, commanding officer (died 1984)
# Markus Pleuler

Markus Pleuler (born 10 May 1970) is a German football manager and former player who played as a midfielder. He played in the Bundesliga for SSV Ulm 1846.

## Club career
### Early career

Born in Bad Urach, Pleuler grew up in Hülben, playing youth football for SV Hülben and TSV Urach, before joining SSV Reutlingen's academy as a 13 year old in 1983. Having joined their first team in 1988, Pleuler made 94 appearances for Reutlingen between 1990 and 1994, scoring 10 goals.

### SSV Ulm 1846

In 1994, Pleuler joined Regionalliga Süd side SSV Ulm 1846. Pleuler played regularly at the club and in 1998, the club was promoted to the second tier of German football, the 2. Bundesliga. Pleuler scored two goals in 23 games as the club was promoted to the Bundesliga at the end of the season. Over the course of the 1999–2000 season, Pleuler played 19 times, scoring once, in a season that would see Ulm relegated back to the 2. Bundesliga following a 16th-placed finish.

### Later career

Pleuler left Ulm in 2000, and went on to play for Stuttgarter Kickers, UTA Arad and Darmstadt 98 before returning to Ulm in 2004. Pleuler joined SpVgg Au/Iller as a player-manager in 2005 before retiring in 2007.

## Managerial career

Pleuler was manager of SpVgg Au/Iller from 2005 until 2009, when he joined TSG Thannhausen as manager. Pleuler was sacked in December 2009 following a poor start to the season.
On 10 April 2012, Pleuler was appointed as manager of FC Albstadt 07, following the departure of Öner Topal. On 11 March 2015, Pleuler announced he would resign at the end of the season, following three years at the club.
On 27 July 2016, Pleuler was appointed manager of FC Sportfreunde Heppenheim. After two years, he was sacked in November 2018 after a run of poor results.

## Personal life

Pleuler lives in Bensheim and has two children.