OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nora Burden

Nora Burden (24 May 1908 – 25 December 1992) was a South Australian stained glass artist.
Burden was born in Adelaide, the eldest daughter of engineer Frank Robert Burden (1877–1960) and Emily Rosa Burden, née Martin, (1875–1960) a daughter of vigneron Henry M. "Harry" Martin. The newly married couple first lived at "Poltalloch" the Bowman property near Meningie, where Frank was responsible for all the machinery. They then moved to suburban Fullarton, where their first four children Charles, Nora, Rosa and Hester were born. Frank served with the First AIF in France and by war's end had been promoted to captain. He was briefly chief engineer with Tarrants and Autocars vehicle builders in Melbourne then in 1922 founded, with Sidney Crawford and L. M. Anderson, Adelaide Motors, South Australia's first Fiat agency. He later acquired the South Australian agency for the John Deere tractor company,
Burden studied painting at the S.A. School of Arts and Crafts and began working as a stained glass artist for A. E. Clarkson Ltd., an old established Adelaide glass firm, which was then on Rundle Street.
She served as tutor and mentor to South Australian stained glass artist Vanessa Smith née Lambe (1917–2005), whose work adorns many Anglican churches in South Australia. She worked for a time in Sydney and Melbourne before returning to Adelaide. She served as Art Mistress at Annesley College.
Burden married Dimiter Petroff (25 March 1915 – 28 January 1997) on 30 April 1954; they had no children. She was an aunt of painter Helen "Penny" Dowie (born 3 August 1948).

## Selected works

* A window in the porch, St. Ignatius Catholic Church, corner Queen and William Streets, Norwood, South Australia commemorates their long-serving (1902–1929) organist Arthur Noyes.
* A window, depicting the Parable of the Good Samaritan was installed in the Adelaide Unitarian Christian Church, Wakefield Street, Adelaide as a memorial to Symonds and Euphemia Clark. It was funded by a provision in the will of their son W. F. Darwin Clark (1892–1943), a Red Cross volunteer who died in sinking of hospital ship AHS Centaur. It was transferred to the Unitarian Church's new building in Norwood in the early 1970s.
* A window at Uniting Church, Malvern, South Australia, "Christian Soldier" in memory of James Montrose Maughan and his wife Marjorie Wallace.Flickr photo
# Nora Castañeda

Nora Castañeda (12 June 1942 – 16 May 2015) was a Venezuelan economist and activist who was President of the Women's Development Bank from 2001 to 2015.

## Biography

She was born and raised by her mother as one of six children; her father placed them in the care of a relative after her mother had first become pregnant. Castañeda joined the Socialist League in the 1970s. After marrying Jesus Rivero, she moved to Nicaragua and joined the Sandinista National Liberation Front during the later stages of the Nicaraguan Revolution. After the Sandinistas came to power in the early 1980s, she returned to Venezuela, joining the working class women’s movement.
Throughout the 1990s, Castañeda became an advisor to and ally of Hugo Chávez. Her contributions to the policies during the 1999 Constituent National Assembly included women homemakers' rights to social security, as well as female pronouns being included in the Constitution of Venezuela. After her death in 2015, she was awarded an Order of the Liberator by Vice President Jorge Arreaza.
# Norfolk Coast Path

The Norfolk Coast Path is a long-distance footpath in Norfolk, running 83 miles (133.5 km) from Hunstanton to Hopton-on-Sea. It was opened in 1986 and covers the North Norfolk Coast AONB (Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty). It is now part of the King Charles III England Coast Path.
It links with the Peddars Way at Holme-next-the-Sea, and the two in combination form the Peddars Way & Norfolk Coast Path National Trail, one of 15 National Trails in England and Wales. It links to the Angles Way and the Wherryman's Way at Great Yarmouth, and to both ends of the Weavers' Way, at Cromer and Great Yarmouth. In December 2014, the trail was extended to Sea Palling and forms part of the England Coast Path. In October 2016, the trail was further extended to Hopton-on-Sea.
The Norfolk Coast Path passes through or near:
* Hunstanton
* Holme-next-the-Sea
* Thornham
* Titchwell
* Brancaster
* Burnham Deepdale
* Burnham Overy Staithe
* Wells-next-the-Sea
* Morston
* Blakeney
* Cley next the Sea
* Salthouse
* Kelling
* Weybourne
* Sheringham
* Beeston Regis
* East Runton
* Cromer
* Overstrand
* Sidestrand
* Trimingham
* Mundesley
* Bacton
* Walcott
* Happisburgh
* Eccles-on-Sea
* Sea Palling
* Winterton-on-Sea
* Hemsby
* Scratby
* Caister-on-Sea
* Great Yarmouth
* Gorleston-on-Sea
* Hopton-on-Sea
# Norfolk Coast Express

The Norfolk Coast Express was a named passenger train operating in the United Kingdom.

## History

The train was introduced for the summer season in 1907 by the Great Eastern Railway. It was timed to leave London Liverpool Street at 1:30 pm, and arrive in Cromer at 4:25 pm, Sheringham at 4:43 pm, and Mundesley at 4:34 pm. The returning service departed Sheringham at 12:36 pm, Mundesley at 12:47 pm, Cromer at 1:00 pm, arriving in London Liverpool Street at 3:55 pm. It was scheduled to run non-stop between Liverpool St. and North Walsham in both directions, utilising the water troughs at Ipswich. It was the first, and until 1950, the only express to run non stop along the GEML.
For this new service the Great Eastern Railway provided new locomotives and rolling stock. The length of the train was 638 feet (194 m) with a trailing weight of 317 tons. It provided accommodation for 96 first class, and 320 third class passengers. The dining facilities provided luncheon for 108 passengers at one time. Luncheon was provided for half a Crown (equivalent to £16.7 in 2023).
The train was suspended in 1914 following the outbreak of the First World War and did not resume afterwards.
# Nora Samuelli

Nora Isabella Samuelli (July 9, 1914 – December 1986) was a Romanian spy for the United States while employed at its Legation in Bucharest during the Cold War – authorizes Private Bill 89-203, under which Samuelli will be held and considered to have been lawfully admitted for permanent residence to the United States as of July 31, 1963, upon payment of the required visa fee.

## Background

In 1949, Nora Samuelli and her sister, Annie, were arrested as spies in Bucharest by the then Communist government. After "nine months of torture and interrogation, the two sisters were sentenced to long prison terms. Then in 1961, after 11 years and 340 days (July 24, 1949 – June 14, 1961) in separate security prisons and cells, the two were quietly ransomed out by a relative in the United States, and exiled as stateless refugees. While Annie was granted British citizenship within only a few months, it took three years, two presidents and the passage of Bills on her behalf in the US Congress for Nora to receive the same privilege in America."
The two Private Bills of 1965 which benefited Nora Samuelli were:
* a) 89-203, which granted her permanent residency under the Immigration and Nationality Act (passed Congress on November 7, 1965).
* b) 89-108, which awarded her $38,114.90 (USD) compensation under as "a gratuity for sacrifices sustained by her [Samuelli]" (i.e. 12 years imprisonment; see above) and eligible to be covered under the Civil Service Retirement Act (passed on September 29, 1965).

## Death

Nora Samuelli died in December 1986 in Washington, D.C., aged 72.
# Glee.com

GLEE.com was a social networking site geared toward the gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender communities. The site was launched in February 2007 by Community Connect Inc. Community Connect was acquired by RadioOne Inc (now Urban One) in 2008. The site was shut down in 2010-11.
Community Connect operated several niche market social networking sites and GLEE was their latest venture. As with their other social network sites, GLEE was modeled after the popular MySpace and Facebook offering many of the same features.
GLEE.com was available only in the English language and primarily the North American market with approximately 86% of its users in the United States.

## Operations

The site was free to users, generating revenues through advertising. Users registered and created profiles, which could include a variety of layout themes for profiles, users also had the option of custom designing a profile layout. Typically, profiles might include uploaded photo albums, music players, lists of interests and friends list. Other features included blog hosting, video hosting, groups, style and news sections, and community bulletin boards covering a variety of issues but with the added emphasis on those issues of importance to the LGBT community. Instant messaging, and email iswasavailable with other registered users.
In addition, profiles are allowed a mirror on GLEE.com's professional networking site, which allows for job search (through an arrangement with Monster.com) along with the other features found on the social network.

## Publicity

GLEE.com's launch in early 2007 received generally favorable coverage in internet focused media, with the caveat about competition from established sites and others still on the drawing board divvying up the niche market for potential LGBT users.
In October 2007 GLEE.com received free publicity from an unlikely source, the United States military. The advertising firm that handles the military's recruiting advertising inadvertently placed the ads on the site. The mainstream and LGBT press along with several comedians picked up on the gaffe of advertising to an audience that the U.S. military then actively barred from joining through its Don't ask, don't tell policy.
The Washington Post noted that Barack Obama created a profile on the site during the 2008 US Presidential election campaign.
# Baglan Sands Halt railway station

Baglan Sands Halt railway station was a railway station on the Rhondda and Swansea Bay line which ran from the Rhondda Valley to Swansea on the Welsh coast in the county of Glamorgan.

## History

The station was opened in 1933 by the Great Western Railway. A number of rifle ranges were located in the Baglan Burrow area facing towards Witford Point, established since WWI and then greatly expanded with an access road from near Baglan School. The range is recorded from 1898.
Baglan Sands Halt opened in 1933 and closed in 1938, only to reopen briefly between May and September 1939. The OS map published in 1964 shows the halt and indicates that it was disused. and only a single rifle range is shown. A 'Baglan Rifle Range Association' is recorded in the National Archives.
The halt was 16m 30c from the Rhondda & Swansea Bay Junction. The site is now occupied by a factory and the Rhondda and Swansea Bay line has been closed since 1962.
A Baglan railway station was opened in 1996 on the old Great Western Railway's South Wales Main Line.
# North China Daily News Building

The North China Daily News Building (simplified Chinese: 字林大楼; traditional Chinese: 字林大樓; pinyin: Zìlín Dàlóu) is a historical Neo-Renaissance-style office building on the Bund in Shanghai, China located at No.17, The Bund. It currently houses the offices of the American International Assurance (AIA), and is thus often called the AIA Building (友邦大廈; Yǒubāng Dàshà). At the time of its opening in 1924, it was the tallest building in Shanghai.

## History

The North China Daily News was the first English-language newspaper to be published in Shanghai, in 1850. Because the newspaper's founder saw Shanghai as a growing commercial center and founded the paper to support Shanghai's growth, much of its original content was related to shipping news. The paper expanded as Shanghai grew, and moved to the Bund in 1901. In 1921 the paper began construction of this building as its new headquarters, and completed construction in 1924.
The building was designed by architects Lester, Johnson & Morriss [zh], which was co-founded by Gordon Morriss, the brother of the newspaper's owner at the time, Henry E. Morriss. From 1927 the building also housed the offices of American Asiatic Underwriters, an insurance agency founded by Cornelius Vander Starr and the forerunner of the American International Group (AIG). The Japanese Empire confiscated the building during its occupation of Shanghai during the World War II. During that time the building was home to the Tairiku Shimpō (大陸新報), a Japanese newspaper.
After World War II the North China Daily News returned to the building, and the paper continued to operate until 1951, shortly after the founding of the People's Republic of China. The building was then confiscated and used by the Chinese government as a branch for various government offices at various times. In 1996 the building was restored, and in 1998 it became the Shanghai branch of AIA Group Limited. AIA was a subsidiary of American International Group (AIG), which is a successor company of the American Asiatic Underwriters, who occupied part of the building in the early twentieth century.

## Design

The North China Daily News Building is a reinforced concrete structure with Baroque towers, Neoclassical pillars, and Renaissance relief sculpture. The first seven floors are faced with granite, the lowest two floors of which are rough hewn. The building originally incorporated the statues of two goddesses, which flanked the marble entrance, but these statues were destroyed during the Cultural Revolution. The building contains 9,043 square meters (97,340 sq ft) of office space, and lies on a 1,043 square meters (11,230 sq ft) plot of land.
# Glaucocharis bathrogramma

Glaucocharis bathrogramma is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was discovered by Edward Meyrick in 1933. It is found in Fiji.
# Glaucocharis brevis

Glaucocharis brevis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Wei-Chun Li and Hou-Hun Li in 2012. It is found in Guizhou, China.
# Bajadda

Bājaddā was a small town in the Balikh River valley inhabited during the early Islamic period. It is identified with the present-day Khirbat al-Anbār, located a few kilometers south of the contemporary town of Hisn Maslama.

## Geography

The site measures 800x700 m in size and consists of a low mound with a flat top, which suggests that there was only one main building phase. It has not been explored by archaeologists; the only monument visible from the surface is a large dome that may cover an underground cistern or well.

## History

The name "Bajadda" is Syriac, probably indicating a local Syriac-speaking population. The town was the place of origin of the Banu Taymiyya family of Hanbali scholars. According to Ahmad ibn al-Tayyib al-Sarakhsi, who visited the Balikh valley in 884-5, Bajadda had originally formed part of the Umayyad general Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik's landed estates in the region. Maslama then granted it to a lieutenant of his, Usayd al-Sulamī, who built the small town up and fortified it with a wall. Sarakhsi wrote that there was a spring in Bajadda that provided water for drinking and agriculture; this spring may be under the dome. Bajadda was probably flourishing in the 880s when Sarakhsi visited. Some possible 12th/13th-century pottery fragments have also been found at the site, indicating that the town may have still existed then.
# Balderhead Reservoir

Balderhead Reservoir is a reservoir in Baldersdale, County Durham, England. It is one of a chain of three reservoirs on the River Balder, a tributary of the River Tees, which it joins at Cotherstone, about 5 miles (8 km) to the east. Balderhead Reservoir was commissioned by the Tees Valley and Cleveland Water Board (TVCWB) to increase water supply to Teesdale and Teesside.

## History

In 1956, an upsurge in the chemical industry on Teesside led ICI to negotiate increased water supply from the Tees Valley Water Board. The first site considered, Cow Green, was above Cauldron Snout and was in a sensitive habitat area, so Balderhead was built instead. The site was initially built as a direct supply route of water to Teesside, but later became a river-regulating reservoir, ensuring that water was available for the River Tees. Cow Green Reservoir was built later, though the approval process was protracted due to the loss of habitat for the Teesdale violet plant. Balderhead, which was originally in the North Riding of Yorkshire, was approved for recreational activities by the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union in the same year that it was opened, there being no objections on wildfowl grounds.
Balderhead Reservoir was constructed upstream of two existing reservoirs, Blackton and Hury, and added 3,500 million imperial gallons (16,000,000 m$^3$) to the storage capacity on the River Balder. Construction of the Balderhead dam began in 1961 and was finished in 1964, with the reservoir being filled during 1965. The dam, which was built of compacted boulder clay and shale, is 157 feet (48 m) high and 3,000 feet (910 m) long, and became, at completion, the highest earth dam constructed in the British Isles.
When full, the reservoir can hold 507,914,900 cubic feet (14,382,549 m$^3$) and has an overall perimeter length of 5 miles (8 km). The catchment upstream of the reservoir is a mixture of rough grazing land and moorland which covers 12 miles (20 km). The water quality is assessed as moderate for ecology and good for its chemical composition.
Under the Water Act 1973, ownership of the TVCWB's reservoirs, which included the three Baldersdale reservoirs and two others — Selset and Grassholme — on the River Lune a short distance to the north, was transferred to the Northumbrian Water Authority (NWA). In 1989, NWA was privatised, and the reservoirs are now owned and operated by Northumbrian Water. All five reservoirs supply a water treatment works at Lartington, just south of Cotherstone.
Recreationally, the reservoir is used by the Teesdale Sailing and Watersports Club for windsurfing, canoeing and kite surfing.
# Bakachol

Bakachol is a town and Village Development Committee in Khotang District in the Sagarmatha Zone of eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3,233 persons living in 630 individual households.
# Bakai

Bakai is a village in Barisal District in the Barisal Division of southern-central Bangladesh.
# Non-homologous end-joining factor 1

Non-homologous end-joining factor 1 (NHEJ1), also known as Cernunnos or XRCC4-like factor (XLF), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NHEJ1 gene. XLF was originally discovered as the protein mutated in five patients with growth retardation, microcephaly, and immunodeficiency. The protein is required for the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway of DNA repair. Patients with XLF mutations also have immunodeficiency due to a defect in V(D)J recombination, which uses NHEJ to generate diversity in the antibody repertoire of the immune system. XLF interacts with DNA ligase IV and XRCC4 and is thought to be involved in the end-bridging or ligation steps of NHEJ. The yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) homolog of XLF is Nej1.

## Phenotypes

In contrast to the profound immunodeficiency phenotype of XLF deletion in humans, deletion of XLF alone has a mild phenotype in mice. However, combining a deletion of XLF with deletion of the ATM kinase causes a synthetic defect in NHEJ, suggesting partial redundancy in the function of these two proteins in mice.

## Structure

XLF is structurally similar to XRCC4, existing as a constitutive dimer with an N-terminal globular head domain, an alpha-helical stalk, and an unstructured C-terminal region (CTR).

## Interactions

XLF has been shown to interact with XRCC4, and with Ku protein, and it can also interact weakly with DNA. Co-crystal structures of XLF and XRCC4 suggest that the two proteins can form hetero-oligomers via head-to-head interaction of alternating XLF and XRCC4 subunits. These XRCC4-XLF filaments have been proposed to bridge DNA prior to end ligation during NHEJ. Formation of XRCC4-XLF oligomers can be disrupted by interaction of the C-terminal domain of XRCC4 with the BRCT domain of DNA ligase IV.

## Hematopoietic stem cell aging

Deficiency of NHEJ1 in mice leads to premature aging of hematopoietic stem cells as indicated by several lines of evidence including evidence that long-term repopulation is defective and worsens over time. Using a human induced pluripotent stem cell model of NHEJ1 deficiency, it was shown that NHEJ1 has an important role in promoting survival of the primitive hematopoietic progenitors. These NHEJ1 deficient cells possess a weak NHEJ1-mediated repair capacity that is apparently incapable of coping with DNA damages induced by physiological stress, normal metabolism, and ionizing radiation.
# Glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylase

In enzymology, a glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylase (EC 7.2.4.5) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    (2E)-glutaconyl-CoA + H$^+$ + Na$^+$(in) $\rightleftharpoons$ (2E)-butenoyl-CoA + CO $_2$ + Na$^+$(out)
Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, (2E)-glutaconyl-CoA, and two products, (2E)-butenoyl-CoA and CO$_2$. During the process, an sodium ion is transported across the membrane. Previously, this enzyme was classified as EC 4.1.1.70.
This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the carboxy-lyases, which cleave carbon-carbon bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 4-carboxybut-2-enoyl-CoA carboxy-lyase (but-2-enoyl-CoA-forming). Other names in common use include glutaconyl coenzyme A decarboxylase, pent-2-enoyl-CoA carboxy-lyase, and 4-carboxybut-2-enoyl-CoA carboxy-lyase. This enzyme participates in benzoate degradation via coa ligation and butanoate metabolism.
As a decarboxylase, the enzyme requires biotin for its function.

## Structural studies

As of mid-2024, five structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with the PDB accession codes 1PIX, 3GF3, 3GF7, 3GLM and 3GMA.
# Balink

Balink is a Dutch surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Albert Balink (1906–1976), Dutch journalist and filmmaker
* Henry Balink (1882–1963), Dutch-born American painter, draughtsman, and etcher
# Balaana

Balaana is a genus of flies belonging to the family Bombyliidae (bee-flies). There are about seven described species, including three from western Australia. These are robust and very hairy flies with a body length of 10–18 mm (0.4–0.7 in).

## Species

These 11 species belong to the genus Balaana:
* Balaana abscondita Lambkin & Yeates, 2003
* Balaana bicuspis Lambkin & Yeates, 2003
* Balaana centrosa Lambkin & Yeates, 2003
* Balaana efflatounbeyi (Paramonov, 1928)
* Balaana gigantea Lambkin & Yeates, 2003
* Balaana grandis (Wiedemann, 1820)
* Balaana kingcascadensis Lambkin & Yeates, 2003
* Balaana latelimbata (Bigot, 1892)
* Balaana obliquebifasciata (Macquart, 1850)
* Balaana onusta (Walker, 1852)
* Balaana tamerlan (Portschinsky, 1887)
# North American Committee to Aid Spanish Democracy

The North American Committee to Aid Spanish Democracy was an American organization established in 1936. It was an umbrella organization for ethnic groups and trade unions that donated money, medical necessities, and food to Spain through it. These donations were sent to the Spanish Loyalists during the Spanish Civil War.
It was identified as a communist front organization linked to the Communist Party USA. The historian Peter N. Carroll describes the organization as a "Popular Front organization that attracted Communists and Christians alike."
# Baldwin Leighton

Baldwin Leighton or Baldwyn Leighton may refer to:
* Sir Baldwin Leighton, 6th Baronet (1747–1828)
* Sir Baldwin Leighton, 7th Baronet (1805–1871), English landowner and politician, MP 1859–1865
* Sir Baldwyn Leighton, 8th Baronet (1836–1897), English landowner and politician, MP 1877–1885