OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Beaford

Beaford is a village and civil parish in the Torridge district of Devon, England. The village is about five miles south-east of Great Torrington, on the A3124 road towards Exeter. According to the 2001 census the parish had a population of 393, compared to 428 in 1901. The western boundary of the parish is formed by the River Torridge and it is surrounded, clockwise from the north, by the parishes of St Giles in the Wood, Roborough, Ashreigney, Dolton, Merton and Little Torrington.
The parish church, which is in the village, is dedicated to All Saints, though before the Reformation it was dedicated to St George. It has a 15th-century doorway, arches and windows, as well as a Norman font, but according to W. G. Hoskins (writing in 1954) it is otherwise dull, having been heavily restored. Its tower was rebuilt with a small spire in 1910.
Greenwarren House in the village is the former home of Beaford Arts, the country's longest established rural arts centre. It is now a private family house.
Beaford House was host to some of the Great Train Robbers, who are understood to have buried more than £200,000 of the stolen money in nearby woods.
Beaford has a cricket team which competes in division 2 of the North Devon League.

## Historic estates

Within the parish, the estates of Upcott, Warham and Woodleigh (otherwise known as Woolleigh or Wooleigh) were once important.
Woolleigh was the seat of the Mallet family until the death of Robert Mallet. His widow was Elizabeth Rolle (a daughter of the wealthy George Rolle (died 1552) of Stevenstone near Great Torrington) who remarried to Sir John Acland (died 1620) of Columb John. During Elizabeth's lifetime the couple resided at Woolleigh. Sir John Acland's nephew Sir Arthur Acland (died 1610) married Eleanor Mallet, the daughter and heir of Robert Mallet, and thus Wooleigh passed into the Acland family, later of Killerton. The son and heir of Sir Hugh Acland, 5th Baronet (died 1713) was John Acland (died 1703) who lived at Wooleigh whilst his father lived at Killerton. The present farmhouse incorporates part of the mediaeval manor house, a garderobe with its original door and retains remains of a 15th-century family chapel.
# Molski

Molski (feminine: Molska) is a Polish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Eugeniusz Molski (born 1942), Polish artist, painter, and sculptor
* Jarek Molski, American disabled man
# Nevado El Fraile

Nevado El Fraile also called Incahuasi Chico (6,061 metres (19,885 ft)) (the Friar) is a volcanic mountain in the Andes of Chile. It sits at the border of Argentina (Catamarca Province, Fiambala) and Chile (City and Province of Copiapó). Along with numerous other volcanic peaks in the region, including Ojos del Salado, the highest volcano in the world, it is part of the Central Volcanic Zone. The closest higher peak is Incahuasi, which is 7.9 kilometres (4.9 mi) to the east.

## First Ascent

Fraile was first climbed by Anders Bolinder (Sweden) January 2, 1956.

## Elevation

Other data from available digital elevation models: SRTM yields 6048 metres, ASTER 6024 metres, ALOS 6024 metres and TanDEM-X 6091 metres. The height of the nearest key col is 5260 meters, leading to a topographic prominence of 801 meters. Fraile is considered a Mountain Subgroup according to the Dominance System and its dominance is 13.22%. Its parent peak is Ojos del Salado and the Topographic isolation is 17.4 kilometers.
# Grant Township, Adams County, Iowa

Grant Township is one of twelve townships in Adams County, Iowa, United States. At the 2010 census, its population was 201.

## Geography

Grant Township covers an area of 35.84 square miles (92.8 km$^2$) and contains no incorporated settlements. According to the USGS, it contains two cemeteries: Salem and Stringtown. Stringtown is a hamlet in Grant Township.
# Arthur Hardinge

Arthur Hardinge may refer to:
* Arthur Edward Hardinge (1828–1892), British Army officer
* Arthur Henry Hardinge (1859–1933), his son, diplomat
# Château de Boussan

The Château de Boussan is a ruined castle in the commune of Boussan in the Haute-Garonne département of France.
The castle was constructed on a rocky outcrop dominating the valley of the Louge. It was abandoned in 1553. The only remaining part is a square tower with the top removed, attached to the wall of a residential building, a ditch, and the remains of the church, itself in use later and abandoned in 1740.
Property of the commune, it has been listed as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture since 1926.
# Nador, Tipaza

Nador is a town and commune in Tipaza Province in northern Algeria.
# Murthly Hospital

Murthly Hospital, previously known as Murthly Asylum, Perth District Asylum and Perth and District Mental Hospital was a psychiatric hospital in Murthly, Perthshire which operated for 120 years.

## History

The facility opened as Perthshire's district asylum to patients on 1 April 1864 to treat the county's 'pauper lunatics', and was the second district asylum in Scotland. It was built as a result of the Lunacy (Scotland) Act 1857 which created district boards with the power to found and run publicly funded asylums for patients who could not afford the fees charged by private asylums. Its location was remote, although the Highland Railway's mainline was relatively nearby. Rural locations were often chosen for such hospitals due to a belief that fresh air and separation from factors likely to cause anxiety would aid recovery. By July of its opening year it already had 172 patients.
The original superintendent of the hospital was Dr William M'Intosh who encouraged the hospital's policy of using occupation and exercise to help patients. This meant that patients were engaged in activities such as working in the grounds and sewing. Other activities included participation in sports such as football and curling in winter and cricket in summer. Walks in the countryside and dances were also organised for patients in the summer months.
The main building was designed by Dundee architects Edward and Robertson, and was able to accommodate 222 patients. Along with a governor's house, farm office and other works, the contract for construction was valued at £18,000. An administrative block was added in around 1871. The grounds included a stone circle, which prior to the laying of the asylum would have stood in an open field. When the asylum was being built cinerary urns were uncovered near the circle, including one which contained some partially burnt human bones.
In 1894 it became one of the first asylums to build villas for its patients in an attempt to develop a 'colony or village system' of patient accommodation. During the First World War, it was used as a war hospital, offering beds for 350 other ranks. It was also used as a Military Psychiatric Hospital from 1917 to 1919, while its civilian patients were sent to other hospitals.
At one point the complex included its own cemetery and a tramway linked it to Murthly railway station. By 1964 it was being run by the Board of Management for the Murray Royal & Murthly Hospitals. Training in nursing was carried out at the hospital, with the Murray and Murthly Hospitals Group Training School merging into Perth College of Nursing and Midwifery in 1969.
After the introduction of Care in the Community in the early 1980s, the hospital went into a period of decline and closed in 1984. While the main building was demolished, an administration block was retained and some of the villas are thought to survive.
The archives of the hospital are held by the University of Dundee's Archive Services as part of the NHS Tayside Archives.
# Greonterp

Greonterp is a small village in Súdwest-Fryslân municipality in the province of Friesland, the Netherlands. It had a population of around 85 in January 2017.

## History

The village was first mentioned in the 13th century as Grewingdorp. The etymology is unclear. Greonterp is a terp (artificial living hill) village from the early middle ages. It was located between lakes. The lake Sensmeer was poldered in 1633, however the village remained isolated. Later a small road was built to Blauwhuis on which the village was dependent.
The population of Greonterp remained Catholic after the Reformation. The medieval church had become Protestant. Church service was later decreased to once a year, and in 1751, the last sermon was held. The church was demolished in 1780. In 1822, a little bell tower was built on the cemetery.
Groenterp was home to 107 people in 1840. Before 2011, the village was part of the Wymbritseradiel municipality and before 1984 it was part of Wûnseradiel municipality.

## Notable people

The Dutch author Gerard Reve lived here from 1964 to 1971, and initially named his house Huize Algra after the politician Hendrik Algra [nl] who had labelled his writings blasphemous. Later, it was renamed Huize Het Gras after Isaiha 40:8.

## Gallery

* Huize Het Gras
* Farm near Greonterp
* Glass Gerard Reve art work
# Sinus venosus

The sinus venosus is a large quadrangular cavity which precedes the atrium on the venous side of the chordate heart.
In mammals, the sinus venosus exists distinctly only in the embryonic heart where it is found between the two venae cavae; in the adult, the sinus venosus becomes incorporated into the wall of the right atrium to form a smooth part called the sinus venarum which is separated from the rest of the atrium by a ridge called the crista terminalis. In most mammals, the sinus venosus also forms the sinoatrial node and the coronary sinus.

## Development

In the embryo, the thin walls of the sinus venosus are connected below with the right ventricle, and medially with the left atrium, but are free in the rest of their extent. It receives blood from the vitelline vein, umbilical vein and common cardinal vein.
The sinus venosus originally starts as a paired structure but shifts towards associating only with the right atrium as the embryonic heart develops. The left portion shrinks in size and eventually forms the coronary sinus (right atrium) and oblique vein of the left atrium, whereas the right part becomes incorporated into the right atrium to form the sinus venarum.

## Additional images

* Diagram to illustrate the simple tubular condition of the heart.
* Heart of human embryo of about fourteen days.
* Scheme of arrangement of parietal veins.
# Molson's Canadian Open

The Molson's Canadian Open was a golf tournament on the LPGA Tour, played only in 1969. It was played at the Shaughnessy Golf & Country Club in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Carol Mann won the event by three strokes over Sandra Post and Kathy Whitworth.
# Autrans-Méaudre-en-Vercors

Autrans-Méaudre-en-Vercors is a commune in the Isère department of southeastern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2016 and consists of the former communes of Autrans and Méaudre.
# Grant Township, Benton County, Indiana

Grant Township is one of eleven townships in Benton County, Indiana. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,085 and it contained 470 housing units. It was organized in December 1868 and was named for Ulysses Grant.

## Geography

According to the 2020 census, the township has a total area of 35.94 square miles (93.1 km$^2$), of which 35.93 square miles (93.1 km$^2$) (or 99.97%) is land and 0.01 square miles (0.026 km$^2$) (or 0.03%) is water.

### Cities and towns

* Boswell

### Unincorporated towns

* Chase

### Adjacent townships

* Center (northeast)
* Hickory Grove (west)
* Oak Grove (east)
* Parish Grove (northwest)
* Pine Township, Warren County (southeast)
* Prairie Township, Warren County (southwest)

### Major highways

* U.S. Route 41
* State Road 352

### Cemeteries

The township contains three cemeteries: Boswell, Perigo and Smith.

### Education

* Benton Community School Corporation
# Murther and Walking Spirits

Murther and Walking Spirits, first published by McClelland and Stewart in 1991, is a novel by Canadian novelist Robertson Davies.
Murther and Walking Spirits is, in a way, another ghost story, a genre Davies visited in his short story collection High Spirits (1982). In the very first sentence of the novel, "Gil" Gilmartin, the protagonist and narrator, is a film critic who comes home to find his attractive wife having an affair with a nerdy coworker, who strikes him with a walking stick in fear, causing his death. His ghost then attends a strange film festival. While the attendees see actual films, Gilmartin is shown "films" detailing the lives of his ancestors, such as one who was a Tory during the American Revolution or another who was a master carpenter who married a blue-blooded woman, only to have it end in a nasty divorce. The films, dealing as they do with more and more recent subjects, bring the novel to its modern-day conclusion. Gilmartin's ghost is able to cross over when his killer confesses to the newspaper editor, who chides him for the sin, but also for society in general: "It's a hot dinner for the wrongdoer and the victims struggle". Rather than surrender the killer to the authorities, the editor says his punishment should be to carry that walking stick for the rest of his life, akin to a "mark of Cain". Gilmartin also learns that prior to his death, he had impregnated his wife, and his ancestors' tribulations may have been shown to him as a sign the bloodline will continue. The final scene is where Gilmartin finds himself in the sky, being addressed by a feminine voice. Thinking it at first to be his deceased mother, she says she is not, but "the woman in the man", thinking of a remark one of his newspaper coworkers made.
Davies used his own ancestry — Welsh and United Empire Loyalist — as inspiration for the "films" presented.
The novel is prefaced with a quote from Samuel Butler: "But where Murthers and Walking Spirits meet, there is no other Narrative can come near it." (The word "murther" is an archaic spelling of "murder".)
Murther and Walking Spirits was not well received by critics, and sales of the book were disappointing compared to Davies' previous works.
Unlike Davies' previous novels, Murther and Walking Spirits was not part of a trilogy. There is some supposition, however, that had Davies lived long enough this novel and his next novel, The Cunning Man, might have constituted another trilogy. In fact, in his introduction to The Merry Heart (1996), a collection of Davies' writings published posthumously, Davies' publisher, Douglas M. Gibson, tells how Davies had been researching and preparing the novel which would have followed The Cunning Man and would have been the third in the series. Gibson speculated that this unfinished trilogy might have been called the "Toronto Trilogy".
# Sompa, Kohtla-Järve

Sompa is an exclave district of the town of Kohtla-Järve, Estonia.
vtePlaces adjacent to Sompa, Kohtla-Järve :
Servaääre (Kohtla Parish)
Servaääre (Kohtla Parish), Sompa (village, Jõhvi Parish)
Sompa (village, Jõhvi Parish)
Vitsiku (Kohtla Parish)
Sompa
Kahula (Jõhvi Parish)
Ereda
Ereda
Kahula (Jõhvi Parish) :
59°20′N 27°17′E﻿ / ﻿59.333°N 27.283°E﻿ / 59.333; 27.283
* This Ida-Viru County location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Sonja Ashauer

Sonja Ashauer (9 April 1923 – 21 August 1948) was a Brazilian physicist. She was the first Brazilian woman to earn a doctorate in physics, and the second to become a physics graduate in Brazil.

## Biography

Born in São Paulo, Ashauer was the daughter of the German-born engineer Walter Ashauer and his wife Herta Graffenbenger. From 1935 to 1939, she pursued her secondary education at Gymnasium of São Paulo state capital. Encouraged by her father, after secondary school, she studied physics under Gleb Wataghin at the University of São Paulo, graduating in 1942. She was the second female physics graduate in Brazil, the first being Yolande Monteux who graduated in 1938.
In January 1948, she became the first woman from Brazil to be awarded a doctorate in physics after studying for three years at the University of Cambridge under the Nobel prizewinner Paul Dirac. She was said to have been a brilliant student. Her thesis (Problems in electrons and electromagnetic radiation) explored the cutting-edge field of quantum electrodynamics. In March 1948, she returned to Brazil, where she was appointed as Wataghin's assistant.
Ashauer was the first woman from Brazil elected as a member of the Cambridge Philosophical Society.
Later that year, after catching a cold on a rainy day, she contracted pneumonia. She was taken to hospital, but she died six days later on 21 August 1948. The cause of death stated on the death certificate was "broncopneumonia, myocarditis, and heart failure".

## Publications

* Ashauer, Sonja (1948). Problems on Electrons and Electromagnetic Radiation Sonja Ashauer. University of Cambridge.
# Arena Barueri

Arena Barueri is a multi-use stadium located in Barueri, São Paulo state, Brazil. It is used mostly for football matches and hosts the home matches of Oeste, and hosted the matches of Grêmio Recreativo Barueri until the 2010 season. The stadium has a maximum capacity of 31,452 people and was built in 2007. It is owned by the City of Barueri. During the reforming of Palestra Italia Stadium the Barueri Arena was being used for some home matches of Palmeiras.

## History

Arena Barueri's construction started in June 2006. The stadium was inaugurated on May 26, 2007 with an initial maximum capacity of 17,000 people. The current stadium's capacity is 31,452 people. The inaugural match was played on that day, when Grêmio Barueri beat Criciúma 2–1. The first goal in the stadium was scored by Criciúma's Sílvio Criciúma. The stadium's attendance record currently stands at 28,557, set in the first leg of Copa do Brasil finals, played on July 5, 2012, in which Palmeiras won 2–0 against Coritiba. Arena Barueri hosted the 2010 Copa Libertadores de Fútbol Femenino games. Also, it was the stadium where Rogério Ceni, São Paulo's goalkeeper, scored his 100th goal of his career.
In 2013, the stadium hosted the final of the Campeonato Brasileiro de Rugby, Brazil's national club Rugby competition, held between SPAC and Pasteur Athletique Clube.
On April 26, 2014, Brazil national rugby team beat Chile for the first time ever in the stadium.
# Arena Bonifika

Arena Bonifika is an indoor sporting arena located in Koper, Slovenia with a seating capacity for 3,000 spectators. The hall is a part of the Bonifika Sports Complex, together with a smaller athletics stadium, and an indoor swimming pool. In 2013, Arena Bonifika was one of the venues for EuroBasket 2013.
# Sorbung language

Sorbung is a recently discovered Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Manipur, northeastern India. Although the speakers are ethnically Tangkhul, it appears to be a non-Tangkhulic Kuki-Chin language, as it shows strong links with what was called 'Southern Tangkhul' in Brown (1837), which was also a non-Tangkhulic language spoke by ethnic Tangkhul.
Sorbung is spoken by about 300 people of Sorbung village, Ukhrul District, Manipur, northeastern India. Sorbung speakers consider themselves to be ethnic Tangkhul. A language that is unambiguously Tangkhulic is spoken in nearby Tusom village. Kuki (Thadou) and Maring are also spoken in neighboring villages.
# Muti Landscape Conservation Area

Muti Landscape Conservation Area is a nature park is located in Viljandi County, Estonia.
The area of the nature park is 159 ha.
The protected area was founded in 1990 to protect Muti lakes (Muti Lake and Muti Umbjärv) and theirs surrounding areas. In 1998, the protected area was designated to the landscape conservation area.
# Tsatsos

Tsatsos (Τσάτσος; genitive case form for female name bearers: Tsatsou Τσάτσου) is a Greek family name. Notable people with this name include:

## Tsatsos

* Dimitrios I. Tsatsos (1859–1921), Greek politician and lawyer
* Dimitris Tsatsos (1906–1971), Greek legal scholar and former Member of the European Parliament
* Konstantinos Tsatsos (1899–1987), Greek diplomat, professor of law, scholar and politician
* Themistokles Tsatsos (1906–1970), Greek jurist and diplomat

## Tsatsou

* Dora Tsatsou (1932–2000), Greek choreographer
* Theodosia Tsatsou (born 1969), Greek singer
# Tsatsa (votive offering)

Tsatsa (also tsa-tsa, tsha-tsha, ཚ་ཚ) is a small sculptural votive offering used in Tibetan Buddhism. They are usually small plaques with decoration in relief, made in moulds with clay or rammed earth, but sometimes other materials such as metal may be used. They descend from similar Indian plaques made for pilgrims to Buddhist pilgrimage sites such as Bodh Gaya.
In Bhutan, the usual shape is a small chorten or stupa, also sometimes seen in Tibet, where it has a special funerary form.

## Use

Tsatsas often depict figures such as the Buddha, deities, religious teachers or shrines. There may also be inscriptions, sacred syllables, or longer mantras. They are commonly left as votive offerings at special places, such as in caves considered to be holy, or deposited as consecration fillings inside stupas.
Tsatsas are also often produced for special occasions such as birthdays of important religious figures or to commemorate their visit - examples might include a well-known lama.

## Production

Most tsatsas are made of clay, although offerings in the form of tsatsas are occasionally made out of metal or more valuable substances. To clay or loam, water and plant fibres might be added to create a malleable mass. The ashes of deceased spiritual teachers (after their cremation) might be added to the clay in small quantities to produce 'blessed' tsatsas as a memorial to the teacher and to retain their presence. Moulds are carved into wood or metal and used to press the clay. After drying or firing in an oven - both unfired and fired tsatsas can be found, the votives might be varnished, engraved, inscribed and/or painted. During the production, mantras are recited. Producing tsatsas is seen as a way to accumulate merit, or good karma, and thus as a viable way to progress along the path of liberation in Buddhism.
# Tsavo sunbird

The Tsavo sunbird (Cinnyris tsavoensis) is a small passerine bird of Kenya and Tanzania. It is sometimes lumped with the purple-banded sunbird.

## Range and habitat

It is found in the Tsavo region of southeastern Kenya and nearby northern Tanzania, but not on the coast. It lives in arid scrub with Commiphora and Acacia trees and shrubs.

## Description

The Tsavo sunbird is 9.5 to 10 cm (3.75 to 4 inches) long. The bill is down-curved and rather short for a sunbird, especially compared to that of the otherwise similar Marico sunbird.
The female is greyish-brown above and on the head with a white eyebrow stripe; the throat is either white or dusky with white edges (malar strips). The underparts are faintly yellow-tinged white with dusky stripes on the breast. The tail is bluish-black with grey edges and tip.
The juvenile male looks like the dark-throated form of the female. Later it develops a black throat and black wing coverts, both with green feathers intermixed, and often a wide black stripe down the belly.
The adult male is apparently the same at all seasons: gleaming bluish-green above and on the head, with a black belly and lower breast. The upper breast may have a maroon band, missing the center or complete and 3 to 5 mm wide. (The male purple-banded sunbird has a wider maroon band and a distinct non-breeding plumage.)
The song is "a rapid sputtering tsustiseesee, chuchiti-tsi-tsi-tsi-tsi sitisee-see-see-see chitisee…" and variants, sometimes only the last few notes. Calls resemble the purple-banded sunbird's: "[l]oud annoyance chatter, chi-chi-chi-chi…" and "a high tsik-tsiki-tsik or brrrzi."

## Classification

Some authorities consider it a subspecies of the purple-banded sunbird. Here it is considered a separate species following the Handbook of the Birds of the World and other authorities.