OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bafetinib

Bafetinib (NS-187) is an experimental cancer drug developed by Nippon Shinyaku and licensed to CytRx. It is an inhibitor of Lyn and Bcr-Abl. It reached phase II clinical trials in 2010.

## Development

Imatinib was the first Bcr-Abl tyrosine-kinase inhibitor and was highly successful in treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia, which had previous had no effective treatment. With the emerging resistance to imatinib treatment, alternative treatment was highly sought after. Bafetinib was created as an attempt for a more potent drug than imatinib, with efficacy against various point mutations in the Bcr-Abl kinase, with fewer adverse effects and with narrower kinase spectra, namely just Lyn and Bcr-Abl. In the search for a substance that fit the criteria mentioned, the crystal structure of imatinib bound to Abl was examined. This revealed a hydrophobic pocket around the phenyl ring adjacent to the piperazinylmethyl group of imatinib. Attempts to utilize this pocket to increase efficacy led to the addition of various hydrophobic groups including single fluoro, bromo and chloro substituents. Finally a trifluoromethyl group at position 3 was found to give the best results, with approximately 36-fold improvement over imatinib. The addition of a hydrophobic group now needed to be countered to sustain the solubility of the substance. Closer examination of the crystal structure of imatinib-kinase complex revealed Tyr-236 was in close proximity to the pyridine ring of imatinib, suggesting there was little or no room for a larger group there. With that in mind a more hydrophilic pyrimidine ring was substituted for the pyridine, which was found to increase solubility while leaving efficacy the same or even slightly greater. Finally to improve the hydrogen bonding of the piperazine ring of imatinib with Ile-360 and His-361, pyrrolidine and azetidine derivatives were introduced. The most promising substance from these final modifications was labeled NS-187.
The FDA granted NS-187 orphan drug status in 2007 for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia.

### Binding

Due to the structural similarities of imatinib and bafetinib, their binding to Bcr-Abl is also quite similar. The only notable difference comes from the hydrophobic interaction between the trifluoromethyl group and the hydrophobic pocket created by Ile-293, Leu-298, Leu-354, and Val-379. This group can also be linked to bafetinib's specificity for Lyn, as the binding site there is almost identical to that on Bcr-Abl.
Bafetinib is effective both against most imatinib resistant mutations (not including T315I) and some dasatinib resistant mutations. Bafetinib also has more affinity for Bcr-Abl than nilotinib (but less than dasatinib) but only targets Bcr-Abl and Src family kinases Lck and Lyn; with unrivalled specificity which suggests the probability of fewer adverse effects.

## Clinical trials

Bafetinib was in phase II clinical trials for treatment of leukemia in 2010.
# James Meldrum Knox

Lieutenant-Colonel James Meldrum Knox DSO & bar was a British Army officer of the First World War. He commanded the 1st/7th battalion of the Royal Warwickshire Regiment from 1915 until his death in 1918 on the Italian Front, during the Battle of Asiago (1918).

## Family background

James Meldrum Knox was born in Nuneaton in 1878, the son of James and Florence Knox. The family were prominent in civil and railway engineering and had become affluent through their majority shareholding in the Haunchwood Brick and Tile Company. James was the first of nine sons who all fought in the First World War. One brother, Cecil, served with the Royal Engineers and was awarded the Victoria Cross while a second, Thomas, gained the Military Cross and bar.

## Life

Knox was educated at Bedford Modern School. He worked as an engineer at Bristol Docks and was commissioned in 1899 in the Nuneaton Volunteer Company of the 2nd Volunteer Battalion, the Royal Warwickshire Regiment which in 1908 became the 7th battalion of the Royal Warwickshire Regiment. The territorial battalion formed part of the 143rd brigade part of 48th (South Midland) Division. Knox commanded the battalion from 1915 on the Western Front, notably at the Battle of the Somme and the 3rd Battle of Ypres.
Knox was awarded the DSO on 1 January 1917 and the second award was gazetted after his death; the citation in the Supplement to the London Gazette of 24 September reads; "Major and Bt. Lt.-Col. (A./Lt.-Col.) James Meldrum Knox, D.S.O., R,. War. Regt. For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty in command of his battalion. He kept touch with the situation till ordered by the division to counter-attack when the enemy had broken through. Thanks to his splendid handling of his battalion, this counter-attack was decisive, the enemy were at once held up, and after heavy fighting were driven back with severe losses, several hundred prisoners being captured and the front line restored. He was also mentioned in despatches on five occasions.

## Death and memorials

In November 1917, the brigade was transferred to the Italian campaign and saw action at the Montello Front and on the Asiago Plateau. Knox was killed on 23 September 1918. A private in the battalion recorded the news: '23 Sep – Early this morning we received the very bad news that Lieutenant-Colonel Knox, the commanding officer of the battalion had been killed by a shell in his dug-out at headquarters on the San Sisto Road. He had commanded the battalion since 1915 and was a very decent man and respected by everyone. He was not a parade soldier and did not care for drill and show, but was always at hand in the line, knowing no fear but never sending anyone where he wouldn't go himself. He was a capable soldier and had won the D.S.O and bar'.
He is buried at the Granezza British Cemetery near Vicenza, and there is a memorial to him there. He and his brothers who fought in the War are also commemorated by a memorial at Oaston Road Cemetery, Nuneaton. After his death, Knox's parents commissioned his portrait by the Birmingham artist Edward Samuel Harper. The painting hangs in the Nuneaton Museum and Art Gallery.
# Batchelor, Louisiana

Batchelor is an unincorporated community in Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana, United States. The community is located at the intersection of Louisiana highways 1 and 419 near the south bank of the Mississippi River, and runs north-northwest up from the village of Morganza. Batchelor has a post office with ZIP code 70715, which opened on July 26, 1902. Down in the rural area of Batchelor is Raccourci Old River and Oxbow Lake in the Mississippi River System.
# Cydia corollana

Cydia corollana is a moth belonging to the family Tortricidae. The species was first described by Jacob Hübner in 1822–1823.
# Botrytis

Botrytis may refer to:
* Botrytis (fungus), the anamorphs of fungi of the genus Botryotinia
** Botrytis cinerea, a mold important in wine making
* Botrytis, the cauliflower cultivar group of Brassica oleracea
# SuperMama

SuperMama is an Arabic parenting portal directed to mothers in the Middle East. It provides different types of written and visual localized content to mothers in the region, from getting pregnant, raising kids, managing home, and taking care of her health and beauty. The website has been online since October 2011. Supermama was included in the Forbes list of the most visited websites in the Middle East for 2021.

## History

SuperMama was established in October 2011 by entrepreneurs Yasmine El-Mehairy and Zeinab Samir as a source of information for mothers and mothers-to-be in Egypt and in MENA. The company is based in Cairo, Egypt.

## Awards

| Year | Session | Outcome |
| 2010 | MIT Enterprise Forum Arabia Business Plan competition | Semifinalist |
| 2011 | NexGen Competition, a joint initiative between ITIDA, the USAID entrepreneurship program and the Danish foreign ministry | Winner |
| 2011 | eNNOVATION competition in Poland | Winner of both the judges award of 10,000 euros and the audience award |
| 2011 | Startup Demo at ArabNet in Cairo | Winner |
| 2012 | Google Ebda2 Competition in Cairo | Finalist |
# Byculla to Bangkok

Byculla to Bangkok is the second non-fiction book on organised crime and terror in the modern-day Indian metropolitan city of Mumbai written by S. Hussain Zaidi. It was first published by HarperCollins in February 2014. The book is a sequel to Dongri to Dubai. Hussain completed the story that was left unfinished in his earlier book by including the story of the "local lads" of the infamous mobster Dawood Ibrahim. The book deals primarily with three of the mobsters of Mumbai: Chota Rajan, Arun Gawli and Ashwin Naik. The film adaptation is owned by Ram Gopal Varma and Red Chillies Entertainment.

## Storyline

Byculla to Bangkok is largely a story about Mumbai's gangsters. The book focuses on how young people were recruited and then they later went on to become mobsters of the city. Major characters in this book include are Arun Gawli, wheelchair user Ashwin Naik who was also a civil engineer of the city and an accomplished gangster, and Chhota Rajan. Chotta Rajan was earlier the deputy of Dawood, but later became his foe. The book is written with reference to police case files. Mumbai police's top officials like Vijay Salaskar, Pradeep Sharma and their squads, who are dubbed "encounter specialists", are also mentioned in the book. The writing style is racy.

## Critical reviews

Critics argued that the prequel to the book, Dongri to Dubai, was better in terms of story. The review by Mumbai Boss said:
   The difference is Zaidi’s sensational style of writing that’s more suited to a cheap potboiler. The book has more clichés than a magazine of bullets. For example, "The night always seems eerier in the wilderness than in the city. Especially if death is in the air" and "Men would kill to possess her. But it seemed that those who made love to her were destined for certain death." And yet it somehow matches the personalities Zaidi profiles.
MPositive described it as "alternately spine-chilling and moving".
# James Melia

James or Jimmy Melia may refer to:
* James Melia (footballer, born 1874), Sheffield Wednesday, Tottenham Hotspur, Preston North End
* Jimmy Melia (born 1937), Liverpool, Wolverhampton Wanderers, Southampton, Aldershot
# Batchelor Hill

Batchelor Hill 733 m (2405 ft) prominence: 128 m, is a hill overlooking the city of Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada, immediately northwest of the city and north of the neighbourhood of Brocklehurst. It is the namesake of the Batchelor Hills aka Batchelor Heights neighbourhood and also of the small Batchelor Range, which runs north from it on the side of the Kamloops Plateau but does not include it.

## Name origin

   Named early in this century for Owen Salisbury Batchelor, having previously been known as "Le Petit Garcon Salisbury" for the man in charge of the HBC horse range. Batchelor had farmed the upper Salmon River valley in 1885, but moved to Kamloops ten years later, and became jailer until succumbing to Klondike fever. On his return he ran several mining ventures, including the erection of a stamp mill just below these hills. He died in 1933. His son commented that the family fortune would have been made had Dad saved the money spent on gambling and prostitutes throughout the district.
# Idaho Library Association

The Idaho Library Association (ILA) is a professional organization for Idaho's librarians and library workers based in Boise, Idaho.

## History

The Idaho Library Association was founded as the Idaho State Library Association on December 29, 1915, at Boise High School during a meeting called by Margaret S. Roberts, the librarian of the Free Traveling Library Commission.
Gretchen L. Smith, a librarian at the Idaho Technical Institute in Pocatello, was the association's first president. The association changed its name to the Idaho Library Association in 1962 and became officially incorporated in 1967.

## Publications

The Idaho Librarian ISSN 2151-7738 was the journal of the Idaho Library Association until 2016. The LiLAC Newsletter is a quarterly newsletter published by the Library Leadership Advisory Committee.
# Cyphoscyla

Cyphoscyla is a genus of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. Its only species is Cyphoscyla lacordairei. It was described by Thomson in 1868.
# Mangudi

Mangudi may refer to:

## Places in India

* Mangudi, Lalgudi (Trichy district)
* Mangudi (Thanjavur district)
* Mangudi (Tirunelveli District)
* Mangudi, Annavasal, Pudukkottai
* Mangudi, Aranthangi, Pudukkottai
* Mangudi-pudukottai

## Other

* Mangudi Minor, a 1978 Tamil film
# Metopides occipitalis

Metopides occipitalis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe in 1866. It is known from Malaysia, Borneo, and Sumatra. It contains the varietas Metopides occipitalis var. cordatus.
# Bandfin darter

The bandfin darter (Etheostoma zonistium) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is endemic to the eastern United States. It occurs in tributaries of the lower Tennessee River system and uppermost Black Warrior River system. This species inhabits gravel and sandy pools in flowing waters up to the size of small rivers. It can reach a length of 7.1 centimetres (2.8 in) TL.
# 1998 European Short Course Swimming Championships – Men's 50 metre breaststroke

The finals and the qualifying heats of the Men's 50 metres Breaststroke event at the 1998 European Short Course Swimming Championships were held on the first day of the competition, on Friday 11 December 1998 in Sheffield, England.

## Finals

| RANK | FINAL | TIME |
| | Mark Warnecke (GER) | 26.70 WR |
| | Patrik Isaksson (SWE) | 27.21 |
| | Patrick Schmollinger (AUT) | 27.60 |
| 4. | Daniel Málek (CZE) | 27.64 |
| 5. | Remo Lütolf (SUI) | 27.78 |
| 6. | Domenico Fioravanti (ITA) | 27.98 |
| 7. | José Couto (POR) | 28.21 |
| 8. | Peter Aronsson (SWE) | 28.22 |

## Qualifying Heats

| RANK | HEATS RANKING | TIME |
| 1. | Mark Warnecke (GER) | 27.05 |
| 2. | Patrik Isaksson (SWE) | 27.27 |
| 3. | Daniel Málek (CZE) | 27.62 |
| 4. | Patrick Schmollinger (AUT) | 27.69 |
| 5. | Remo Lütolf (SUI) | 27.97 |
| 6. | Domenico Fioravanti (ITA) | 28.11 |
| 7. | José Couto (POR) | 28.19 |
| 8. | Peter Aronsson (SWE) | 28.28 |
| 9. | Benno Kuipers (NED) | 28.29 |
| 10. | Emil Tahirovič (SLO) | 28.30 |
| 11. | Roman Havrlant (CZE) | 28.37 |
| 12. | Raiko Pachel (EST) | 28.41 |
| 13. | Maxim Podoprigora (AUT) | 28.51 |
| 14. | Nick Poole (GBR) | 28.53 |
| 15. | Stéphan Perrot (FRA) | 28.64 |
| 16. | Gavin Brettell (GBR) | 28.67 |
| 17. | Borge Mork (NOR) | 28.73 |
| 18. | Vadim Alexeev (ISR) | 28.74 |
| 19. | Cédric Bavay (BEL) | 28.74 |
| 20. | Aleksandr Gukov (BLR) | 28.93 |
| 21. | Guillaume Ycard (FRA) | 29.00 |
| 22. | Santiago Castellanos (ESP) | 29.02 |
| 23. | Roman Melis (SVK) | 29.10 |
| 24. | Hjalti Gudmundsson (ISL) | 29.15 |
| 25. | Gregor Govse (SLO) | 29.25 |
| — | Jens Kruppa (GER) | DSQ |
# Bagalur, Hosur

Bagalur is a town in the Hosur taluk of Krishnagiri district, Tamil Nadu state, India. The nearest city is Hosur, which is located 10 km away. This village is 5 km from the state of Karnataka.

## Education

Bagalur is rich in educational institutions which includes 4 Government Schools and 7 Private educational institutions.
# James Stephen Gresley

James Stephen Gresley (1829–1908) was an English artist, the first of a line of artists from Derbyshire.

## Biography

Gresley was born in Sandiacre in Derbyshire. His son was Frank Gresley who had, in turn, two sons, Harold and Cuthbert who were noted artists. Gresley had a number of paintings included in the "Goodey Collection" and in the related book.
Gresley lived at Draycott, Borrowash and Chellaston in Derbyshire, but he also lived latterly in Yorkshire, where he created watercolours of the counties where he had lived. Gresley died in Wakefield, Yorkshire, in 1908 after exhibiting in galleries in London and locally. He has several paintings in Derby Museum and Art Gallery with one currently (2011) on display in the Goodey Room in Derby Central Library.
# James Holmes Sturdivant

James Holmes Sturdivant (1906–1972) was a chemist who worked for several years as the main research assistant to Linus Pauling at Caltech, starting in 1927. He co-authored some seminal papers with Pauling, and was co-advisor of Robert Eugene Rundle.

## Personal history

James Sturdivant was born in Greenville, Texas, on June 22, 1906. He got is B. A. degree at the University of Texas in 1926, his M. A. in 1927, and his Ph. D. at Caltech in 1930, advised by Pauling. By December 1954 he was living at the Athenaeum, 551 South Hill Avenue, Pasadena.
Sturdivant died in Pasadena on April 21, 1972, at the age of 66, survived by his wife Arletta.

## Work

He was instructor in Mathematics at the University of Texas from 1926 to 1927. At Caltech, he held the position of Teaching Fellow (1927-1930), Research Fellow (1930-1935), Senior Fellow in Research (1935-1938), and Assistant Professor (since 1938). As a professor, he taught X-ray crystallography.
One of the first results of the collaboration with Pauling, soon after is hiring in 1927, was the elucidation of the structure of the titanium mineral brookite, that led Pauling to develop his theory of coordination bonding.
Another important result of their collaboration was the partial elucidation of the molecular structure of certain compounds discovered by Liebig in the 1830s, including melon, melem, cyameluric acid, and hydromelonic acid. They realized that those compounds had a common core with formula C $_6$N $_7$, consisting of three fused triazine rings, now known as the heptazine core.
Among many other projects, Sturdivant helped Pauling to develop a device to measure the concentration of oxygen in gases. The patent for the device was assigned to the two and to Reuben Wood, and was donated to the on condition that the authors receive a fraction of any revenue coming from it.
As manager of the Caltech instrument shop, Sturdivant helped Pauling and Corey build their prototypes of the space-filling molecular models.
He was a member of the American Chemical Society, the American Physical Society, and the American Crystallographic Association.
A lecture hall at Caltech is named "J. Holmes Sturdivant".
# Joseph Douglas Hood

Joseph Douglas Hood (28 November 1889 – 22 October 1966) was an American entomologist and a specialist on the thrips (Thysanoptera). He served as a professor of entomology at the University of Rochester and at Cornell University.
Hood was born in Laramie, Wyoming to dentist Thomas Henry and Eva Maria Josephine Dickson. Hood was schooled at Irving School and Richard T. Crane High School in Chicago. At the age of eighteen he worked part-time at the Illinois Natural History Survey and described a new species of thrips. He received a BA in biological science from the University of Illinois in 1910 followed by a MA from George Washington University in 1913. During the first world war he taught military science and tactics at the University of Illinois (1910–11). Between 1917 and 1920 he served in the US Army. He then went to Cornell University and worked under J. Chester Bradley earning a Ph.D. in 1931. He worked as an instructor from 1922 to 1925 at the University of Rochester and became a full professor in 1928. He moved to Cornell University in 1938 where he became a full professor only in 1948. He retired in 1957 and then worked as an emeritus professor. Hood's students included Howard Ensign Evans.
Hood made large collections of Thysanoptera, making trips to South America, Mexico, and the Caribbean region. His specimens included 60000 slide mounts of 2117 species of which 1055 were holotypes that he had described.
Hood married Helen Madge Hincher, who was dean of women at Ithaca College, in 1930. They had a daughter and a son from an earlier marriage. He died in Ithaca.
# Minuscule 186

Minuscule 186 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), A$^{129}$ (Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 11th century. It has marginalia.

## Description

The codex contains the text of the four Gospels on 36 thick parchment leaves (size 28.3 cm by 21.7 cm). The text is written in one column per page, biblical text in 20 lines per page (size of text 11.6 by 8.5 cm), text of commentary in 48 lines per page (size of commentary 21.9 by 15.8 cm), in brown ink, the capital letters in red.
The text is divided according to the κεφαλαια (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their τιτλοι (titles of chapters) at the top of the pages. There is also another division, according to the smaller Ammonian Sections (in Mark 233 Sections), with references to the Eusebian Canons (written below Ammonian Section numbers).
It contains the Epistula ad Carpianum, Eusebian Canon tables, Prolegomena, tables of the κεφαλαια (tables of contents) before each Gospel, synaxaria, Menologion, and pictures. The commentary is of Victor's authorship in Mark.

## Text

The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Aland placed it in Category V.
It was not examined by using the Claremont Profile Method.

## History

The manuscript was written by Leontius, a calligrapher (see minuscule 208).
It was examined by Bandini, Birch, Scholz, and Burgon. C. R. Gregory saw the manuscript in 1886.
It is currently housed at the Laurentian Library (Plutei. VI. 18), at Florence.
# Mangudi, Aranthangi, Pudukkottai

Mangudi is a village in the Aranthangirevenue block of Pudukkottai district, Tamil Nadu, India.

## Demographics

As of the 2001 census, Mangudi had a total population of
1522 with 750 males and 772 females. Out of the total population, 957 people were literate.
# Mexican Springs Road

Mexican Springs Road is an Ancestral Puebloan road that parallels Coyote Canyon Road. It runs from South Gap in Chaco Canyon to the southwestern portion of the San Juan Basin. It has only been identified through aerial photography, and no physical trace of it is visible from the ground. The lack of pueblos along its path has led some to question its designation as a Chacoan road.
# Bakır Çağlar

Bakır Çağlar (1941 – 25 July 2011) was a Turkish jurist, lawyer and professor of constitutional law at Istanbul University Faculty of Political Sciences. He was defense lawyer of Turkey in the European Court of Human Rights for seven years.
Bakır Çağlar graduated from St. Joseph High School for Boys. After that, he was admitted to Istanbul University Faculty of Law and received his LL.B. degree. He earned Doctor of Law degrees from University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne.
He died on 25 July 2011 in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.