OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Murder at the Munition Works

Murder at the Munition Works is a 1940 detective novel by the British husband and wife writing team G.D.H. Cole and Margaret Cole. One of the later entries into their series of Golden Age series featuring Superintendent Wilson of Scotland Yard, it was the first to be released following the outbreak of the Second World War. It was published by the Collins Crime Club and released by Macmillan in the United States.

## Synopsis

During the Phoney War period, a labour dispute breaks out at a factory producing armaments in a town in southern England. When the managing director's wife is killed in a bomb explosion seemingly intended for her husband. The trade union leader who had led the dispute against the company is in the frame for the murder. The Chief Constable call in the assistance of Wilson to examine the case.

## Critical reception

Several reviews noted that the socialist politics of the Coles was particularly displayed in the book. In The New Statesman Ralph Partridge wrote "the scenes of strikes and labour-meetings are well and intimately described, but the Coles' bias to the left will lead the reader straight to the solution."
# Solona (Someș)

The Solona is a left tributary of the river Someș in Romania. It discharges into the Someș in Surduc. Its length is 18 km (11 mi) and its basin size is 60 km$^2$ (23 sq mi).
# Tsumura (surname)

Tsumura (written: 津村) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* David Toshio Tsumura (born 1944), Japanese linguist, Old Testament scholar and writer
* Keisuke Tsumura (津村 啓介, born 1971), Japanese politician
* Kenji Tsumura (津村 健志, born 1986), Japanese Magic: The Gathering player
* Kikuko Tsumura (津村 記久子, born 1978), Japanese writer
* Makoto Tsumura (津村 まこと, born 1965), Japanese voice actress
* Scott Tsumura (born 1942), American video game producer
# Tylexocladus

Tylexocladus is a genus of deep-water sea sponge belonging to the family Polymastiidae. These are small rounded sponges with a bristly surface bearing one or more raised openings (known as "osculae").

## Species

Species include:
* Tylexocladus hispidus
* Tylexocladus joubini
# Howard Cavanagh

Howard Earnest Bernard Cavanagh FRIBA (17 August 1910 – 3 August 1960) was an English architect.

## Career

H.E.B. Cavanagh was born in India, the eldest son of Bernard Cavanagh (b. 1877) and Annie. He arrived in London on the P&O ship Mongolia from India on 2 May 1915.
He married fellow architect Beryl Joy Sarita Read (1908-1982) on 27 October 1934 at St Mary’s Church, Wootton-under-Edge. She was the daughter of Mr and Mrs H. A. Read of Holywell Cottage, Wotton-under-Edge, and an Associate of the Royal Institute of British Architects. They have two sons. Their eldest, Terence D Cavanagh, was born on 1 November 1940. Their second son, Sean M Cavanagh, was born on 30 July 1949.
During the Second World War he was a Lieutenant in the King’s Regiment.
In 1947, he was appointed by the Great Western Railway as Assistant Architect at Paddington. He later became Architect to the Western Region of British Railways.
He worked with Frederick Curtis and R.H. Jones on the western extension of the Central line (London Underground).
In 1956 he started work with Ian J Campbell on the redesign of Plymouth railway station, but he died before its completion. The work was completed by Ray Moorcroft.
He died in a boating accident off the Isle of Wight on 3 August 1960.

## Notable works

* South Ruislip railway station 1948 with Frederick Curtis and R.H. Jones
* Cirencester Town railway station 1956 (additions)
* Banbury railway station 1958
* Plymouth railway station 1958-62 (with Ian Campbell)
# Gilbert de Venables

Gilbert de Venables, aka Gilbert the Hunter, was a Norman lord who participated in the Norman Conquest of England. He was born in Venables, Eure, presumably the son of Odo II, Count of Blois (since he is mentioned as younger brother of Stephen, Count of Blois by Sir Peter Leycester). He was also a kinsman of Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester and fought in his retinue during the Norman Conquest. His second wife was Margery, daughter of Waltheof (son of Wolfric, lord of Halton).
He was the first baron of Kinderton and the progenitor of the English de Venables family; his grandson Gilbert II de Venables also held the title of Baron of Kinderton. Gilbert was one of the nine barons of the county-palatine of Chester. Although his name derives from Venables, Eure it is likely that he was the huntsman who served the Duke of Normandy based on the etymology; "Veneur" (huntsman), and "Abilis" (able). His seal was a falcon sinister regardant although his descendants used a variation of the coat of arms of the counts of Blois, which suggests this was his coat of arms too.
He issued a charter in 1087 in which Ralph de Brereton was a witness. There has been speculation that ever since Ralph de Brereton there has been a close relationship between the de Venables and the de Brereton possibly that the Breretons acted as the de Venables squire/attendant. Since the de Breretons were given Gilbert's third most valuable fief and were recorded as witnesses in his charters it is likely that this was the case.

## Lands

He had his chief seat at Kinderton Castle but he also owned 20 other manors; Alpraham, Baguley, Blakenhall, Brereton, Davenport, Eccleston, Fifehead Magdalen, Hartford, High Legh, Hope, Exestan, Lymm, Mere, Peover, Newbold Astbury, Rostherne, Sinderland, Tarporley, Wettenhall, Wincham, and Witton. By far his most profitable manors were Fifehead Magdalen (worth 7 pounds), Eccleston (2 pounds 10 shillings), Brereton (1 pound), and Blakenhall (12 shillings) for a total of 11 pounds and 2 shillings. His 17 other manors (including Kinderton) combined brought him just 5 pounds 3 shillings; meaning his annual income in 1086 was 16 pounds 5 shillings with more than 2/3s of his income coming from Fifehead Magdalen, Eccleston, Brereton, and Blakenhall.
In addition to his lands he had certain rights, productive enterprises, and other buildings on some of his fiefs; at Eccleston he had a boat and nets (for fishing), at Hartford he had a Salthouse, a smith, and a knight, at Lymm he had a church, at High Legh he had a church, at Mere he had a church, at Peaover he had geld in bovates, at Brereton he had a mill worth 12d, at Witton he had a mill worth 3s, and at Blackenhall he had an Eyrie.
In all his fiefs he held 50 units of ploughland, 5446 acres of woodland, 12 acres of meadow, and 30 hides paying geld. Living on his land he had 100 households which could have meant between 400-600 people or perhaps more.
# Aubusson-d'Auvergne

Aubusson-d'Auvergne (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.
# Macheirocera

Macheirocera is a genus of picture-winged flies in the family Ulidiidae.

## Species

* M. grandis
# Tulosesus subpurpureus

Tulosesus subpurpureus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Psathyrellaceae.

## Taxonomy

The species was originally found in 1948 in Cheboygan County, Michigan, USA, and described by mycologist Alexander H. Smith, who named it Coprinus subpurpureus.
In 2001 a phylogenetic study resulted in a major reorganization and reshuffling of that genus and this species was transferred to Coprinellus.
The species was known as Coprinellus subpurpureus until 2020 when the German mycologists Dieter Wächter & Andreas Melzer reclassified many species in the Psathyrellaceae family based on phylogenetic analysis.

## Description

The cap is 1.5 cm (0.6 in) tall, and up to 3.5 cm (1.4 in) when fully expanded. The cap surface when young has a powdery bloom (pruinose), but becomes smooth (glabrous) in maturity; it is typically brownish in color, but in maturity is colored more purple near the center, and is dark gray to black near the edges. The flesh is thin and fragile, with no discernible odor or taste. The gills have an adnate attachment to the stem, and are narrow and placed closely together; they are buff in color before darkening to black in maturity prior to dissolving (deliquescing). The stipe is 4 to 10 cm (1.6 to 3.9 in) tall by 0.1 to 0.25 cm (0.04 to 0.10 in) thick.
The spores are smooth, elliptical or roughly oval depending on the direction in which they are viewed, and have dimensions of 12–14 by 5.5–6.8 by 7–8 μm. The basidia are 4-spored, and 18–30 by 6–7 μm.

## Habitat

Coprinellus subpurpureus was found growing on wet leaves under hardwood trees in Michigan, USA.
# Australian Guild of Music

The Australian Guild of Music (also known as the Australian Guild of Music Education) is an examination board, tertiary education provider and registered charity. It is based in Melbourne, Victoria and operates in Australia, Malaysia, Singapore and worldwide through online education.
The Guild was founded in 1969 as the Australian Guild of Music and Speech, when its parent organisation, the London College of Music Examinations ceased operating in Australia. It offers graded and diploma qualifications (up to postgraduate level) and a Bachelor of Music Degree accredited internationally by the Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency, (TEQSA) and Vocational Certifications accredited by the Australian Skills Quality Authority.
# Opatów (disambiguation)

Opatów may refer to the following places:
* Opatów, Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
* Opatów, Silesian Voivodeship (south Poland)
* Opatów in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (south-central Poland)
# Operation Black Tulip

Operation Black Tulip was a plan proposed in 1945, just after the end of World War II, by the Dutch minister of Justice Hans Kolfschoten to forcibly deport all Germans from the Netherlands. The operation lasted from 1946 to 1948 and in total 3,691 Germans (15% of the German residents in the Netherlands) were deported.

## Background

After World War II, the Netherlands was a country in ruins and the major pre-war trade links with Germany and Indonesia were severed. Because of the importance of trade with Germany, the proposed demand for compensation (25 billion guilders — ten times the actual damage) was dropped. But there was still significant resentment. Many people were arrested, most notably collaborators (NSB). The 25,000 Germans living in the Netherlands were branded as "hostile subjects" (vijandelijke onderdanen). They were slated to be evicted in three groups in reverse order of entry. The first who had to leave were those who came after the start of the first world war (mostly factory workers), then those who came after 1932 (including political refugees, some of them Jews), and then the rest, many of whom were economic refugees from the 1920s.

## Timeline

The operation started on 11 September 1946 in Amsterdam, where Germans and their families were taken from their homes in the middle of the night and given one hour to collect fifty kilograms of luggage. They were allowed to take one hundred guilders. The rest of their possessions went to the state. They were taken to internment camps near the German border, the biggest of which was Mariënbosch concentration camp near Nijmegen.
The operation ended in 1948, and when the state of war with Germany officially ended on 26 July 1951 the Germans were no longer regarded as state enemies.

## Scholarship and media coverage

After the plan was ended, little attention was devoted to it by historians and the media. A 2005 episode of the Dutch TV show Andere Tijden focused on the events, and in 2013 journalist Ad van Liempt, who had worked on the Andere Tijden documentary, published on it in his study of the postwar years Na de bevrijding: de loodzware jaren 1945-1950.
# Uvanilla babelis

Uvanilla babelis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.

## Description

The shell attains a height of 21 mm, its diameter 19 mm. The imperforate, elevated shell has a conic shape with an acute apex. Its color pattern is pale yellowish. The seven whorls are slightly convex, obliquely radiately costate with distant folds, which are prominently nodulose at the sutures and periphery. The interstices are smooth. The body whorl is carinated, the carina bearing about eight nodules. The flat base of the shell is smooth, with fine oblique incremental striae. The aperture angulated. The columellar region is white, blue margined, and unidentate at its base.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Pacific Ocean off South America
# Opalotype

Opalotype or opaltype is an early technique of photography.
Opalotypes were printed on sheets of opaque, translucent white glass; early opalotypes were sometimes hand-tinted with colors to enhance their effect. The effect of opalotype has been compared "to watercolor or even pastel in its softer coloring and tender mood." "Opalotype portraits...for beauty and delicacy of detail, are equal to ivory miniatures."
The basic opalotype technique, involving wet collodion and silver gelatin, was patented in 1857 by Glover and Bold of Liverpool. Opalotypes exploited two basic techniques, using either the transfer of a carbon print onto glass, or the exposure of light-sensitive emulsion on the glass surface to the negative. Opalotype photography, never common, was practiced in various forms until it waned and disappeared in the 1930s. "Milk glass positive" is another alternative term for an opalotype.
Opalotype is one of a number of early photographic techniques now generally consigned to historical status, including ambrotype, autochrome, cyanotype, daguerrotype, ivorytype, kallitype, orotone, and tintype. This and many other historical photographic methods are now considered alternative photographic techniques and are practised by a small number of dedicated artists.
# Guiling (Grace) Wang

Guiling (Grace) Wang is a computer scientist whose research concerns mobile wireless sensor networks, especially vehicular ad hoc networks, and their applications in intelligent transportation systems. She currently teaches at the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) where she is a distinguished professor of computer science and associate dean for research at its Ying Wu College of Computing and the founding director of the university's Center for AI Research.

## Education and career

Wang is a graduate of Nankai University. She completed a PhD at Pennsylvania State University in 2006, and joined the New Jersey Institute of Technology in the same year.

## Recognition

Wang was elected as an IEEE Fellow in 2022, "for contributions to distributed algorithm design for sensor networks and vehicular networks". In doing so, she became the first female IEEE Fellow at NJIT. She is also a Fellow of the Asia-Pacific Artificial Intelligence Association.
# Orders, decorations, and medals of Tonga

This page refers to the orders, decorations, and medals of Tonga.

## Royal Orders

Below are the honours shown that are awarded by the Kingdom of Tongo, presented in order of precedence:
* The Royal Order of Pouono (Ko e Fakalangilangi 'o Pouono) – Inactive order since 2008
* Established about 1893 in a single class: Knight Grand Cross (KGCP)
* The Royal Order of King George Tupou I (Ko e Fakalangilangi 'o Kingi Sia'osi Tupou I) – Dormant order
* Established between 1875 – 1890 in 3 classes: Knight Grand Cross, Knight Commander, and Companion. iy re-organised in 2008 into a single class: Knight Grand Cross (KGCGT)
* The Royal Order of the Crown of Tonga (Ko e Fakalangilangi 'o Kalauni 'o Tonga)
* Established 6 April 1913, re-organised 31 July 2008 in 4 classes: Knight Grand Cross (KGCCT), Grand Cross (GCCT), Commander (CCT), and Member (MCT)
* The Most Illustrious Order of Queen Salote Tupou III (Ko e Fakalangilangi 'o Ma'olunga 'o Kuini Salote Tupou III)
* Established 28 June 2008, in 4 classes: Knight Grand Cross (KGQS), Grand Cross (GCQS), Commander (CQS), and Member (MQS)
* The Royal Military Order of St. George (Ko e Fakalangilangi Fakakaukau 'o Sa Sia'osi)
* Established 2009 in 5 classes: Grand Cross (GCStG), Grand Officer (GOStG), Commander (CStG), Officer (OStG), Member (MStG) and 3 Associated Medals (gold, silver and bronze)
* The Royal Order of the Phoenix (Ko e Fakalangilangi 'o e Finiki)
* Established 2010 in a single class: Grand Cross (GCOP)
* The King George Tupou V Royal Family Order (Ko e Fakalangilangi Fale 'Alo 'o Kingi Sia'osi Tupou V)
* Established 2008 for royal ladies with one single class: Member (RFO)
* The Most Devoted Royal Household Order of Tonga (Ko e Fakalangilangi Fale 'Alo)
* Established 2009 in 5 classes: Grand Cross (GCRH), Grand Officer (GORH), Commander (CRH), Officer (ORH), Member (MRH) and 3 Associated Medals (RHM) in gold, silver and bronze
* The Royal Order of Oceania (Ko e Fakalangilangi 'o 'Ousenia)   Established 2011 with one single class: Grand Cross
# VI Bomber Command

The VI Bomber Command was a military formation of the United States Army Air Forces. Its last assignment was with Sixth Air Force. It was based throughout its service at Albrook Field, in the Panama Canal Zone. It was inactivated on 1 November 1946.
It engaged in antisubmarine operations from the Canal Zone. It was credited with two submarines sunk and shared two others.

## Lineage

* Constituted as the 6th Bomber Command on 17 October 1941
    Activated on 25 October 1941
* Res\designated VI Bomber Command c. 18 September 1942
    Inactivated on 1 November 1946
    Disbanded on 8 October 1948

### Assignments

* Caribbean Air Force (later 6th Air Force, Sixth Air Force), 25 October 1941 – 1 November 1946

### Components
#### Groups

* 6th Bombardment Group, 25 October 1941 – 1 November 1943
* 9th Bombardment Group, 25 October 1941 – 31 October 1942 (attached to VI Fighter Command after 28 January 1942)
* 25th Bombardment Group, 25 October 1941 – 6 April 1944
* 40th Bombardment Group, 25 October 1941 – 6 April 1942 (attached to 6th Interceptor Command after 15 January 1942); 22 June 1942 – 9 July 1943

#### Squadrons

* 3d Bombardment Squadron, 1 November 1943 – 1 November 1946
* 10th Bombardment Squadron, attached 13 December 1943, assigned 17 December 1943 - c. 9 May 44
* 29th Bombardment Squadron, 1 November 1943 – 1 November 1946
* 59th Bombardment Squadron, 25 October 1941 – 19 March 1943 (attached to Trinidad Detachment, VI Fighter Command after 21 July 1942)
* 74th Bombardment Squadron, 1 November 1943 – 1 November 1946
* 397th Bombardment Squadron, 1 November 1943 – 1 November 1946
# Uzunlu, Boğazlıyan

Uzunlu is a town (belde) in the Boğazlıyan District, Yozgat Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,283 (2022).
# Ava Gerber

Ava Gerber (born 1961) is an American artist. Her work is included in the collections of the Whitney Museum of American Art, the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles and the Museum of Modern Art, New York.
# Vaal Mall

The Vaal Mall is a large shopping centre in Vanderbijlpark, Gauteng, South Africa. It is the largest shopping centre in the region and serves patrons from Vanderbijlpark, Vereeniging, Sasolburg, Sebokeng, Bophelong and Parys.
The entire centre is built on one level with an extra 15 000sqm level added in (2014-2016) which contains a Ster-Kinekor with 7 movie cinemas, with one main passageway in the form of a winding river. Elements of the river theme can be found throughout the centre.
# Averrhoidium

Averrhoidium is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Sapindaceae.
Its native range is Southern Mexico, Brazil to Paraguay.
Species:
* Averrhoidium dalyi Acev.-Rodr. & Ferrucci
* Averrhoidium gardnerianum Baill.
* Averrhoidium paraguaiense Radlk.
* Averrhoidium spondioides (Standl.) Acev.-Rodr. & Ferrucci
# Avinash Chandra Dwivedi

Avinash Chandra Dwivedi is an Indian politician and a member of the 18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly from the Manikpur Assembly constituency of the Chitrakoot district. He is a member of the Apna Dal (Sonelal).

## Early life

Avinash Chandra Dwivedi was born on 31 December 1959 in Kosambi, Uttar Pradesh, to a Hindu family of Raj Bhavan Dwivedi. He married Sushma Dwivedi, and they had one child.

## Positions held

| # | From | To | Position | Comments |
| 01 | 2022 | Incumbent | Member, 18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly | |
# Großes Ochsenhorn

Großes Ochsenhorn (2,511m) is a mountain in Salzburg, Austria. It is the highest mountain in the Loferer Steinberge range. It is surrounded by a karst plateau. The mountain's name in German is translated as "Great Oxen Horn". The nearest town is Lofer in the Saalachtal valley, and the mountain takes about six hours to climb from here.
# Vaginal microbicide

A vaginal microbicide is a microbicide for vaginal use, generally as protection against the contraction of a sexually transmitted infection during vaginal sexual intercourse. Vaginal microbicides are topical gels or creams inserted into the vagina.

## Target market

Researchers have investigated who has interest in using a vaginal microbicide. Condoms are highly effective in preventing the transmission of infection, but worldwide, the decision to use condoms is more often a decision made by males than females. A vaginal microbicide which could prevent sexual transmission of infection would further empower women to influence the result of their sexual encounters. The demographic interested in using the produce included women with the following characteristics:
* have previously had a sexually transmitted infection
* have a sexual partner who had another sexual partner in the past year
* minority group
* low income
* unmarried and not cohabiting
* no steady sexual partner
The number of women interested in using such a product has been characterized as being significant enough to merit product development and marketing.

### Characteristics

The ideal vaginal microbicide would have the following characteristics: provide protection against infection not require application at the time of intercourse not harm the natural tissue As of 2009, not harming natural tissue was the most troublesome aspect of development.

## For HIV

Studies for using vaginal microbicides for HIV treatment rapidly increased through 2011 to 2013 due mostly to the observation that antiretroviral drugs designed for HIV treatment sometimes also achieve preexposure prophylaxis and significantly reduced HIV risks. Several unrelated chemical mechanisms have been proposed for vaginal microbicides treating HIV. One obstacle to effective research is that trials may involve social harms for trial participants, although one 2019 study found these social harms to be relatively small. There is also often a self-reporting bias in condom and vaginal microbicide use in trials, suggesting the need for vaginal applicator staining to confirm whether the vaginal microbicides were effectively applied.

### Surfactants

The first vaginal microbicide studied was nonoxynol-9, which acted as a surfactant.

### Blocking HIV binding

PRO 2000, carrageenan, and cellulose sulphate have been studied as microbicides to block HIV binding.

### Topical antiretrovirals

Tenofovir has been studied as a topical antiretroviral. One example of a tenofovir study is CAPRISA 004 in 2010, finding its use reduced HIV infection risk by 39% overall.
# Vaginal septum

A vaginal septum is a vaginal anomaly that is partition within the vagina; such a septum could be either longitudinal or transverse. In some affected women, the septum is partial or does not extend the length or width of the vagina. Pain during intercourse can be a symptom. A longitudinal vaginal septum develops during embryogenesis when there is an incomplete fusion of the lower parts of the two Müllerian ducts. As a result, there may appear to be two openings to the vagina. There may be associated duplications of the more cranial parts of the Müllerian derivatives, a double cervix, and either a uterine septum or uterus didelphys (double uterus). A transverse septum forms during embryogenesis when the Müllerian ducts do not fuse to the urogenital sinus. A complete transverse septum can occur across the vagina at different levels. Menstrual flow can be blocked, and is a cause of primary amenorrhea. The accumulation of menstrual debris behind the septum is termed cryptomenorrhea. Some transverse septa are incomplete and may lead to dyspareunia or obstruction in labour.