OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Indignation (novel)

Indignation is a novel by Philip Roth, released by Houghton Mifflin on September 16, 2008. It is his twenty-ninth book.

## Plot

Set in America in 1951, the second year of the Korean War, Indignation is narrated by Marcus Messner, a Jewish college student from Newark, New Jersey, who describes his sophomore year at Winesburg College in Ohio (a reference to the fictional Winesburg, Ohio). Marcus transfers to Winesburg from Robert Treat College in Newark to escape his father, a kosher butcher, who appears to have become consumed with fear about the dangers of adult life, the world, and the uncertainty that awaits his son.
At Winesburg College, Marcus becomes infatuated with a fellow student, Olivia Hutton, a survivor of a suicide attempt. The sexually inexperienced Marcus is bewildered when Olivia performs fellatio on him during their one and only date. Marcus' mother objects to his dating someone who attempted suicide and makes him vow to end their relationship.
Marcus has an adversarial relationship with the dean of men, Hawes Caudwell. In a meeting in Dean Caudwell's office, Marcus objects to the chapel attendance requirement on the grounds that he is an atheist. In this meeting, he quotes extensively from Bertrand Russell's essay "Why I Am Not a Christian". Later, the dean finds Marcus guilty of hiring another student to attend chapel in his place; when Marcus refuses to attend double the number of chapel services as punishment, the dean expels him. His expulsion allows the U.S. Army to draft him and send him to fight in Korea where he is killed in combat. Early in the novel, Marcus explains that he is dead and telling his story from the afterlife; later it is revealed that he is unconscious from his combat wounds and the morphine that has been administered.
The Winesburg setting is a homage to Sherwood Anderson's book Winesburg, Ohio.

## Film

Film producer Scott Rudin bought the rights to Indignation in April 2008, five months before the book was scheduled to be published. In September 2008, Lauren Lipton argued on Portfolio.com that Rudin was unwise to acquire the rights to the book "given Roth's Hollywood track record," saying that, "of his many tomes, only a few have made it to the big screen to date."
A film adaptation, Indignation, was eventually made in 2016, without Rudin's involvement. It was directed and written by James Schamus (in his directorial debut), and starred Logan Lerman as Marcus, Sarah Gadon as Olivia, and Tracy Letts as Dean Caudwell. The film received positive reviews.
# Hart (album)

Hart (Heart) is the fourth album by Dutch language rapper Brainpower. It was released April 21, 2008 on Lyric Recordings, together with his fifth album Hard (Hard) and contains the single "Eigen Werk" ("Own Work"). Hart and Hard are two albums sold together, where Hart represents the sensitive side of Brainpower with songs about his mother ("Ode Aan Me Mama" / "Ode To My Momma"), his father ("Zo Vader Zo Zoon" / "Like Father Like Son") and his girlfriend ("Als Jij Er Niet Bent" / "If You're Not Around" featuring his girlfriend Hind).
Hip Hop veteran Brainpower separates his more melodious material from his famous 'braggin' & boast' side.
Hart is based around themes like 'Anger', 'Fear', 'Hope', 'Pain' and 'Luck' and different sorts of love. The notion/word 'Hart' ('Heart') is the concept throughout. There are guest performances from Freek de Jonge, Hind and Candy Dulfer to DJs TLM and All Star Fresh.

## Track listing

| # | Title | English Title | Featured artist(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| 01. | "Hart" | "Heart" | | Oh Jay | 3:12 |
| 02. | "De Elementen" | "The Elements" | | Brainpower & TLM* | 3:30 |
| 03. | "Wees Niet Bang" | "Don't Be Afraid" | Freek de Jonge | SirOJ | 4:25 |
| 04. | "Eigen Werk" | "Own Work" | TLM | TLM | 3:11 |
| 05. | "Ode Aan Me Mama" | "Ode to My Momma" | | Oh Jay | 3:53 |
| 06. | "Je Kent 't Wel (De Game)" | "You Know (The Game)" | | TLM | 4:05 |
| 07. | "Als Jij Er Niet Bent" | "If You're Not Around" | Hind | Brainpower | 3:25 |
| 08. | "Old Skool Eer" | "Old Skool Honor" | All Star Fresh | Gaspard de la Nuit | 5:16 |
| 09. | "Mellow & Memorabel" | "Mellow & Memorable" | | Mena$a | 3:47 |
| 10. | "Zonnestraal" | "Sun Ray" | | TLM & Brainpower | 6:03 |
| 11. | "Ik Praat Tegen Jou" | "I'm Talking to You" | Lloyd de Meza | Thomas Bank | 4:21 |
| 12. | "Dingen" | "Things" | | Tease | 2:29 |
| 13. | "Zo Vader Zo Zoon" | "Like Father Like Son" | Gert Mulder & Candy Dulfer | Brainpower | 5:12 |
| 14. | "Ziel van de Cultuur" | "Culture Soul" | | SirOJ | 5:46 |
* Only scratches.

## Album singles

* Single information
* "Eigen Werk" ("Own Work") featuring TLM
* Released: February 2, 2008
* This 2008 hip hop album–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Melica glabrescens

Melica glabrescens is a species of grass found in Buenos Aires and Río Negro, Argentina.

## Description

The species is perennial with short rhizomes and erect culms that are 20–40 centimetres (7.9–15.7 in) long. The leaf-sheaths are scabrous, tubular and closed on one end while the leaf-blades are conduplicate and are 2–3 millimetres (0.079–0.118 in) wide. They also have ciliate margins and rough, scabrous surface. The membrane is eciliated and is 5–7 millimetres (0.20–0.28 in) long. The panicle is open, linear, is 7–11 centimetres (2.8–4.3 in) long with scaberulous axis.
Spikelets are obovate, solitary and have fertile spikelets that are pediceled. The pedicels are filiform, curved, pubescent, and hairy above. The spikelets have 1 fertile floret which is diminished at the apex while the sterile florets are barren, cuneate, clumped and are 1.5–1.7 millimetres (0.059–0.067 in) long. Both the upper and lower glumes are keelless and membranous while the other features are different; Lower glume is obovate, 7–8.5 millimetres (0.28–0.33 in) long and have an erose apex while the upper one is cuneate, 4.5–5.5 millimetres (0.18–0.22 in) long and have obtuse apex.
The species' lemma have ciliated margins that are hairy in the middle. The lemma also have an acute apex and have chartaceous and lanceolated fertile lemma that is 4.5–5 millimetres (0.18–0.20 in) long and 1.8–2 millimetres (0.071–0.079 in) wide. Its palea have ciliolated keels, is 3.5–4 millimetres (0.14–0.16 in) long and have scaberulous surface. Flowers are ciliate, fleshy, and truncate. They also grow together, are 0.2 millimetres (0.0079 in) long and have 3 anthers that are 1–1.3 millimetres (0.039–0.051 in) long. The fruits are 2–2.5 millimetres (0.079–0.098 in) long and are ellipsoid. They also have caryopsis with additional pericarp and linear hilum.

## Ecology

Its flowering time is from October to November.
# In Walked Bud

"In Walked Bud" is a 1947 jazz composition by Thelonious Monk. It was composed by Monk in honor of his friend, fellow pianist Bud Powell, and based in part on the Irving Berlin standard "Blue Skies". Monk recorded many renditions of "In Walked Bud" throughout his career, and it has been covered numerous times by other artists.

## Composition and inspiration

"In Walked Bud" was based on the chord progression of "Blue Skies", an early pop standard composed in 1927 by Irving Berlin. Monk composed "In Walked Bud" as a tribute to friend and fellow jazz pianist Bud Powell.
Many biographies of Powell have cited "In Walked Bud" as Monk's gratitude for Powell's actions in his defense during a police raid of the Savoy Ballroom in 1945. According to Monk biographer Thomas Fitterling, the police raided the venue and singled out Monk, who refused to show his identification and was arrested with force. Powell, a fan of Monk's, then attempted to prevent the police from the door and yelled, "Stop, you don't know what you're doing. You're mistreating the greatest pianist in the world." According to this account, Powell was struck in the head by a police officer with a nightstick, suffering an injury that led to a pattern of institutionalizations and destructive behavior that plagued the rest of his career. Other sources have explained Powell's injury differently; Miles Davis said Powell was beaten by a Savoy Ballroom bouncer after walking in the club without any money, while Dexter Gordon claimed he was beaten while in police custody after his arrest for drunk and disorderly conduct in a Philadelphia train station.

## Recordings

Monk recorded "In Walked Bud" several times during his career, starting with the 1947 sessions later compiled for Genius of Modern Music (1951). According to music critic Robert Christgau, Monk's rendition of the song for his 1958 live album Misterioso featured "a long, laconically hilarious (and laconically, hilariously virtuosic) Johnny Griffin solo that's a landmark of saxophony". The last recording by Monk was for his 1968 record Underground, featuring lyrics and vocals by Jon Hendricks. The song has since been covered by numerous artists.
# Bojan Štih

Bojan Štih (18 February 1923 – 14 October 1986), was a Slovene literary critic, stage director, and essayist. He was one of the most influential figures in modern Slovene theatre after 1945.
Štih was born in Ljubljana, where he attended Bežigrad High School. During World War II, he collaborated with the Liberation Front of the Slovenian People. In 1942 he was arrested by the Italian Fascist authorities and sent to the Gonars concentration camp. In late August 1942 he escaped from the camp along with a group of Slovene Communist activists, among whom was also the Partisan leader Franc Ravbar and Boris Kraigher, who later who became prime minister of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia. Štih actively participated in the Slovene Partisan resistance in the Julian March.
After the end of the war in 1945, he worked as a journalist and editor. In 1957, he received a bachelor's degree in history from the University of Ljubljana. The same year, he started working as a director at the Drama Theatre in Ljubljana, where he worked together with the playwright and author Jože Javoršek. In the 1960s, he worked in the majority of theatres in Slovenia, where he introduced contemporary western trends. He was also a prolific essayist.
He died in Ljubljana in 1986 and is buried in Žale Cemetery. Štih Hall (Štihova dvorana) in Cankar Hall, the largest cultural and congress centre in Slovenia, was named after him, as was Štih Street (Štihova ulica) in the Bežigrad district of Ljubljana.
He was the uncle of Barbara Brezigar, Slovene jurist and politician and current Chief Public Prosecutor of the Republic of Slovenia.

## Sources

* 1 2 Stanko Janež (1971). Živan Milisavac (ed.). Jugoslovenski književni leksikon [Yugoslav Literary Lexicon] (in Serbo-Croatian). Novi Sad (SAP Vojvodina, SR Serbia): Matica srpska. p. 531.
* Jože Pogačnik, "Bojan Štih" in Slovenska misel: eseji o slovenstvu (Ljubljana: Cankarjeva založba, 1987), 470-71.
# Brett Grogan

Brett Grogan (born 30 August 1973) is an Australian former rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s. He played for the Newcastle Knights from 1994 to 1998, the Gateshead Thunder in 1999 and finally the Northern Eagles in 2000.

## Playing career

Grogan made his first grade debut for Newcastle in round 22 of the 1994 NSWRL season against Illawarra at WIN Stadium. In 1995, Grogan played 13 games including the clubs preliminary final loss to Manly. In 1997, Grogan played 12 games including two finals games against Parramatta and Manly however he did not feature in the preliminary final or grand final victory itself. Grogan's final game for Newcastle was their elimination finals loss to Canterbury in 1998. In 1999, Grogan played for the original Gateshead club in the Super League but he returned to Australia after the club folded at the end of the season. In 2000, Grogan played in the Northern Eagles first ever match which was against Newcastle in round 1 of the 2000 NRL season.

## Personal life

In 2009, Grogan was awarded damages in court after he was racially abused at the Sydney Junction Hotel in Newcastle. Grogan had attempted to enter the pub when the security guard stopped him and allegedly said "your kind aren't allowed in".
# Far Out (book)

Far Out is a collection of 13 science fiction short stories by American writer Damon Knight. The stories were originally published between 1949 and 1960 in Galaxy, If, and other science fiction magazines. There is an introduction by Anthony Boucher.
The book contains the story "To Serve Man", which was later adapted for television.

## Contents

* Introduction
* "To Serve Man"
* "Idiot Stick"
* "Thing of Beauty"
* "The Enemy"
* "Not with a Bang"
* "Babel II"
* "Anachron"
* "Special Delivery"
* "You're Another"
* "Time Enough"
* "Extempore"
* "Cabin Boy"
* "The Last Word"
# 1910 The Citadel Bulldogs football team

The 1910 The Citadel Bulldogs football team represented The Citadel as a member of Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA) during the 1910 college football season. This was the sixth year of intercollegiate football at The Citadel, with Sam Costen serving as coach for the second season. All home games are believed to have been played at College Park Stadium in Hampton Park.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| October 15 | Clemson | College Park StadiumCharleston, SC | L 0–32 | |
| October 22 | College of Charleston* | College Park StadiumCharleston, SC | L 0–11 | |
| October 29 | Wake Forest* | College Park StadiumCharleston, SC | W 9–5 | |
| November 5 | vs. Florida* | Jacksonville, FL | L 2–6 | |
| November 18 | vs. Mercer | Savannah, GA | L 0–21 | |
| November 24 | South Carolina* | College Park StadiumCharleston, SC | W 5–0 | 700 |
| December 3 | Charleston Navy* | College Park StadiumCharleston, SC | W 10–0 | |
| *Non-conference game ||||||
# Chrysogonum virginianum

Chrysogonum virginianum, the golden-knee, green and gold, or goldenstar, is a North American species of plants in the family Asteraceae. It is native to the eastern United States from New York State and Rhode Island south to Louisiana and the Florida Panhandle.
The species is sometimes grown as a perennial ornamental because of its showy flowers. It is usually propagated by root cuttings.

## Varieties

Formal botanical varieties of wild populations:
* Chrysogonum virginianum var. australe (Alexander ex Small) H.E.Ahles - Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana
* Chrysogonum virginianum var. brevistolon G.L.Nesom - Georgia, Alabama, Carolinas, Tennessee, Kentucky
* Chrysogonum virginianum var. virginianum - from New York to South Carolina, west to Kentucky + Ohio
Chrysogonum virginianum is an herb up to 50 cm (20 inches) spreading by means of rhizomes. Flower heads are produced singly or in pairs, yellow, with both ray florets and disc florets.
* Leaf closeup
* A picture of Chrysogonum virginianum var. australe
# 1560 in France

Events from the year 1560 in France.

## Incumbents

* Monarchs: Francis II (until December 5), then Charles IX

## Events

* March 17 – Leaders of the Amboise conspiracy, including Godefroy de Barry, seigneur de La Renaudie, make an unsuccessful attempt to storm the château of Amboise, where the young French king and queen are residing. La Renaudie is subsequently caught and executed, along with over a thousand of his followers.
* July 6 – The Treaty of Edinburgh is signed between England, France and Scotland. The French withdraw from Scotland. This largely ends the Auld Alliance between France and Scotland, and ends the wars between England and its northern neighbour.
* December 5 – Seventeen-year-old Mary, Queen of Scots, is widowed by the death of her first husband, King Francis II of France. Her mother-in-law, Catherine de' Medici, becomes regent of France.
* December 6 – Charles IX of France succeeds his elder brother, Francis II, at the age of ten.

## Births

* December 13 – Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully, French duke (d. 1641)

## Deaths

* January 1 – Joachim du Bellay, French poet (b. c. 1522)
* February 16 – Jean du Bellay, French cardinal and diplomat (b. c. 1493)
# Melica commersonii

Melica commersonii is a species of grass endemic to Chile (Limari to Arauco).

## Description

The species is perennial and is caespitose as well. It culms are 20–120 centimetres (7.9–47.2 in) long with butt sheaths being herbaceous and pilose. The leaf-sheaths are smooth, tubular and have one closed end. They are also have a glabrous surface that have reflexed hairs. The leaf-blades are 2.5–17 centimetres (0.98–6.69 in) long and 1.5–3.5 millimetres (0.059–0.138 in) wide and have a scabrous surface while the membrane is eciliated, lacerate, and is 2–7 millimetres (0.079–0.276 in) long. The panicle is open, linear, secund and is 5–18 centimetres (2.0–7.1 in) long. The main panicle branches are appressed and scabrous with panicle axis being dominant and scabrous as well.
Spikelets are elliptic, solitary and are 6–11 millimetres (0.24–0.43 in) long. They have fertile spikelets that are pediceled, the pedicels of which are ciliate, curved, filiform, and hairy. Lemma is chartaceous, lanceolated, and is 4.5–6 millimetres (0.18–0.24 in) long and 2–2.5 millimetres (0.079–0.098 in) wide. Its lemma have either erose or obtuse apex while the fertile lemma itself is chartaceous, keelless, oblong and is 5.5 millimetres (0.22 in) long. The species also carry 2–3 sterile florets which are barren, cuneate, clumped and are 1.5–2.5 millimetres (0.059–0.098 in) long. Both the upper and lower glumes are oblong, keelless, membranous, and are purple in colour. Their size is different though; lower one is 6–11 millimetres (0.24–0.43 in) long while the upper one is 5.5–7 millimetres (0.22–0.28 in) long. Its palea have ciliolated keels and is 2-veined.
Flowers are fleshy, oblong, truncate, have 2 lodicules and grow together. They are also glabrous, 0.3–0.5 millimetres (0.012–0.020 in) long and have 3 anthers with fruits that are caryopsis. The fruit is dark brown in colour and have additional pericarp with a linear hilum.

## Ecology

Melica commersonii grows along the coast, in the hills of the Coastal and Andran Cordillera on the elevation of 1,900 metres (6,200 ft) and above sea level.
# Bethany, Parke County, Indiana

Bethany is an unincorporated community in Washington Township, Parke County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.

## History

A post office was established at Bethany in 1852, and remained in operation until 1873. The community's name commemorates the biblical place Bethany.

## Geography

Bethany is located at 39°51′15″N 87°08′50″W﻿ / ﻿39.85417°N 87.14722°W﻿ / 39.85417; -87.14722 at an elevation of 738 feet.
# Patricia Gibney

Patricia Gibney is an Irish author of crime fiction who sold 100,000 copies of her first crime thriller as an e-book, and had total sales exceeding 500,000 copies in 2018. By 2019, total book sales had passed one million.

## Early life

Gibney is from Mullingar, County Westmeath and has lived there all her life. She spent 30 years working with Westmeath County Council.

## Writing career

When her husband died in 2009, aged 49, three months after a diagnosis of cancer, Gibney turned to art and writing, self-publishing a children's book entitled Spring Sprong Sally. Gibney then started writing crime fiction and created her first novel in that genre. She worked with the Irish Writers Centre to improve her writing. Eventually she began a second novel and through that acquired an agent and a publishing contract with Bookouture, which has since been bought by Hachette Publishing.

### Lottie Parker detective novels

Gibney's thirteen novels to date feature a main character, Detective Inspector Lottie Parker. The novels are set in the fictional Irish town of Ragmullin, which is an anagram of the real-life town of Mullingar, where Gibney lives.
# Bolshevik Samasamaja Party

The Bolshevik Samasamaja Party was the Ceylon section Bolshevik-Leninist Party of India, Ceylon and Burma (BLPI) after 1945 and of the Fourth International in 1948-1950, after the dissolution of the BLPI.
After the war there was a split in the Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP). N.M. Perera and Philip Gunawardena, who had opposed a merger into the BLPI, reconstructed the LSSP as an independent party. Members of the other section, formed out of the exiled BLPI nucleus, effectively maintained a separate party, the Bolshevik Samasamaja Party (BSP). The latter group functioned as the Ceylon section of BLPI and was led by Colvin R de Silva, Leslie Goonawardene and Edmund Samarakkoddy.
The relation between the two groups was often antagonistic. The BSP, which concentrated on building a cadre party, accused LSSP of 'organisational Menshevism'. The LSSP wanted to build a mass-based party and accused the BSP of being introvert doctrinaires. On 25 October 1945 fist-fights broke out between the two groups at a meeting of the BSP.
In 1946 there was a brief reconciliation between the two factions. At the general election of 1947, the LSSP emerged as the main opposition party, with 10 seats. The BSP obtained 5 seats.
The BLPI-affiliated BSP became an independent party in 1948, and was recognized as the Lankan section of the Fourth International, when the BLPI was dissolved.
In 1950 the LSSP and BSP merged once again. The membership in the Fourth International was passed on to LSSP. When the group around Anil Moonesinghe split from the LSSP in 1982, he charged that the party had been taken over by the BSP faction.