OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Group signature

A group signature scheme is a method for allowing a member of a group to anonymously sign a message on behalf of the group. The concept was first introduced by David Chaum and Eugene van Heyst in 1991. For example, a group signature scheme could be used by an employee of a large company where it is sufficient for a verifier to know a message was signed by an employee, but not which particular employee signed it. Another application is for keycard access to restricted areas where it is inappropriate to track individual employee's movements, but necessary to secure areas to only employees in the group.
Essential to a group signature scheme is a group manager, who is in charge of adding group members and has the ability to reveal the original signer in the event of disputes. In some systems the responsibilities of adding members and revoking signature anonymity are separated and given to a membership manager and revocation manager respectively. Many schemes have been proposed, however all should follow these basic requirements:

## Soundness and completeness

    Valid signatures by group members always verify correctly, and invalid signatures always fail verification.

## Unforgeable

    Only members of the group can create valid group signatures.

## Anonymity

    Given a message and its signature, the identity of the individual signer cannot be determined without the group manager's secret key.

## Traceability

    Given any valid signature, the group manager should be able to trace which user issued the signature. (This and the previous requirement imply that only the group manager can break users' anonymity.)

## Unlinkability

    Given two messages and their signatures, we cannot tell if the signatures were from the same signer or not.

## No framing

    Even if all other group members (and the managers) collude, they cannot forge a signature for a non-participating group member.

## Unforgeable tracing verification

    The revocation manager cannot falsely accuse a signer of creating a signature he did not create.

## Coalition resistance

    A colluding subset of group members cannot generate a valid signature that the group manager cannot link to one of the colluding group members.
The ACJT 2000, BBS04, and BS04 (in CCS) group signature schemes are some of the state of the art. (Note: this might be an incomplete list.)
Boneh, Boyen and Shacham published in 2004 (BBS04, Crypto04) a novel group signature scheme based on bilinear maps. Signatures in this scheme are approximately the size of a standard RSA signature (around 200 bytes). The security of the scheme is proven in the random oracle model and relies on the Strong Diffie Hellman assumption (SDH) and a new assumption in bilinear groups called the Decision linear assumption (DLin).
A more formal definition that is geared towards provable security was given by Bellare, Micciancio and Warinschi.
# VPI Industries

40°25′52.39″N 74°14′32.52″W﻿ / ﻿40.4312194°N 74.2423667°W﻿ / 40.4312194; -74.2423667
VPI Industries Inc., founded by Harry and Sheila Weisfeld, is an American manufacturer of high-end phonographs, tonearms, and phonograph accessories.
# Australiophilus longissimus

Australiophilus longissimus is a species of centipede in the Zelanophilidae family. It is endemic to Australia, and was first described in 1925 by German myriapodologist Karl Wilhelm Verhoeff.

## Description

The original description of this species is based on a male specimen measuring 72 mm in length with 117 pairs of legs, the maximum number of leg pairs recorded in the family Zelanophilidae.

## Distribution

The species occurs in north-eastern coastal Queensland. The type locality is Herberton.

## Behaviour

The centipedes are solitary terrestrial predators that inhabit plant litter, soil and rotting wood.
# Aukrug (Amt)

Aukrug is a former Amt ("collective municipality") in the district of Rendsburg-Eckernförde, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The seat of the Amt is in Aukrug. It was disbanded on 1 January 2012 along with the Hanerau-Hademarschen, the Amt Hohenwestedt-Land and Hohenwestedt to become Mittelholstein.
The Amt Aukrug consisted of the following municipalities:
* Arpsdorf
* Aukrug
* Ehndorf
* Padenstedt
# North Carolina Journal of International Law

The North Carolina Journal of International Law is a student-run quarterly law journal at the University of North Carolina School of Law in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. It covers legal scholarship in the area of international and foreign law. In 2015, it shortened its name from The North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation in part to reflect the expansion from its original focus of commercial regulation.

## Symposiums

The journal hosts an annual symposium on an important issue in international law.
# Ingria (disambiguation)

Ingria is a historical region in what is now northwestern European Russia.
Ingria may also refer to:
* Ingria, Piedmont, comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont
* North Ingria, a short-lived, small state for the Ingrian Finns, which seceded from Bolshevist Russia after the October Revolution
* Swedish Ingria, a dominion of the Swedish Empire
# Northern Territory (Self-Government) Act 1978

The Northern Territory (Self-Government) Act 1978 is an Act of the Parliament of Australia that granted self-government to the Northern Territory. Although Australian territories can not have Constitutions, the self-government act functions in much the same way as the constitutions of the States.
# Houssay (crater)

Houssay is a lunar impact crater located on the lunar far side near the northern pole. The crater is located to the northeast of and directly adjacent to crater Nansen. Houssay was adopted and named after the Argentinian physiologist Bernardo Houssay by the IAU in 2009.
# Hibino Station

Hibino Station is the name of two train stations in Japan:
* Hibino Station (Aisai, Aichi)
* Hibino Station (Nagoya, Aichi)
# Népliget metro station

Népliget is a station on the M3 (North-South) line of the Budapest Metro. The station lies under the intersection of Üllői Avenue and Könyves Kálmán Boulevard, and named after the city park Népliget. Népliget is also one of the most important suburban, inter-city and international bus terminal in Budapest, which was rebuilt in 2003. The station was opened on 20 April 1980 as part of the extension from Nagyvárad tér to Kőbánya-Kispest.

## Connections

* Bus: 254E
* Regional bus: 607, 608, 626, 628, 629, 630, 631, 632, 633, 635, 636, 650, 653, 655, 656, 660, 661, 705
* Trolleybus: 83
* Tram: 1, 1A
# Uxbridge Vine Street railway station

vteUxbridge (Vine Street) Branch Line :
Legend :
Uxbridge Vine Street station opened on 8 September 1856 as Uxbridge Station and was the earliest of three railway stations in Uxbridge, London.

## History

When opened, it was the northern terminus of the Great Western Railway's Uxbridge branch from the main line at West Drayton. South from Uxbridge town centre, the line ran near Whitehall Road and Cleveland Road.
In 1863, a plan was approved to construct an extension of the Uxbridge Branch to create a link northwards to Watford Junction in Hertfordshire via Rickmansworth (Church Street), connecting it to the Watford and Rickmansworth Railway (W&RR). The scheme never went ahead as the GWR withdrew its funding.
In November 1885, the Staines West branch opened sharing a short section of the Vine Street branch to connect to the main line. An intermediate station at Cowley opened in 1904.
The Uxbridge Branch continued to be operated under British Rail until 10 September 1962, when the service from West Drayton was withdrawn and Uxbridge Vine Street station was closed to passengers. Goods traffic ceased two years later with the exception of the line south of the Grand Union Canal on which freight services were operated to the Middlesex Oil and Chemical Works in Yiewsley until 8 January 1979. Demolition of Uxbridge Vine Street station occurred in 1969. Hillingdon Road now covers its site.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Terminus | Great Western Railway Uxbridge branch | Cowley Line and station closed |
# Aureobasidium namibiae

Aureobasidium namibiae, formerly known as Aureobasidium pullulans var. namibiae is a ubiquitous black, yeast-like fungus. It was described on the basis of only one strain isolated from dolomitic marble in Namibia (hence its name namibiae). The species was established when the genomes of the four former varieties of Aureobasidium pullulans were sequenced and the large differences between them were discovered.
The species tolerates up to 10% of NaCl and grows between 10 °C and 30 °C. Colonies on malt extract agar on average grow to 25 mm in 7 days (at 25 °C), appearing smooth and shiny due to the leathery structure. The reverse is apricot. Aerial mycelium is absent. Frequently both mycelium and yeast-like cells are present.
The genome of A. namibiae (as well as other closely related species) contains unusually high numbers of genes for extracellular enzymes for carbohydrate degradation (CAZy) and proteases, MFS membrane sugar transporters, and alkali metal cation transporters (or ion transporters). Genes presumably involved in the synthesis of the biotechnologically important polysaccharide pullulan and siderophores were found, but the gene for antibiotic Aureobasidin A could not be identified. Genes possibly associated with the degradation of plastic and aromatic compounds are also present.
Due to the relatively recent redefinition of the species, most published work does not yet distinguish between the new species belonging to the previously recognised A. pullulans species complex. It is therefore not clear to what extent this knowledge is valid for A. namibiae.
# Charles Nash

Charles Nash may refer to:
* Charles E. Nash (1844–1913), U.S. Representative from Louisiana
* Charles Francis Nash (died 1942), airman for the Royal Canadian Air Force in World War II, buried at the Cedar Grove Cemetery (Portsmouth, Virginia)
* Charles W. Nash (1864–1948), United States automobile entrepreneur
* Charles "Cotton" Nash (1942–2023), American basketball and baseball player
* Charlie Nash (boxer) (born 1951), Irish Olympic boxer
# Augisey

Augisey (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Jura department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.
# Charles Norman (cricketer)

Charles Loyd Norman (10 March 1833 – 17 February 1889) was an English banker and a cricketer who played first-class cricket for Cambridge University, Kent, the Marylebone Cricket Club and other amateur teams in the 1850s. He was born at Bromley Common, Kent and died at San Remo in Italy.

## Life

A member of the Norman family which has been prominent in British banking and business for nearly 200 years, Charles Norman was the eldest son of George Warde Norman, a director of the Bank of England. Charles' younger brother was Frederick Norman, a leading merchant banker of Victorian times, and Frederick's son was Montagu Norman who became Governor of the Bank of England. There were family connections too in politics and public life: Ronald Collet Norman, chairman of London County Council and of the British Broadcasting Corporation, and Maurice Bonham Carter, H. H. Asquith's Principal Private Secretary, were nephews. Many of the family also played first-class cricket, including Charles Norman's father, his brothers Frederick and Philip, and Maurice Bonham Carter.
Norman was educated at Eton College and Trinity College, Cambridge. He was captain of cricket at Eton in 1850 and played as a right-handed batsman for Cambridge University in both 1852 and 1853, appearing in the University match against Oxford University in both seasons, the first as an opening batsman, the second in the middle order. By modern standards his batting figures are not impressive and he averaged only 9.09 runs per innings across 13 first-class matches; against the MCC in a match for Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1853, however, he scored 31 and 34, the two highest scores of his career.
Norman became a merchant banker and was a partner at Baring Brothers from 1853 to his death in 1889.
# Charles R. Seeling

Charles R. Seeling (April 4, 1895 – October 13, 1951) was an American cinematographer and producer and film director of the silent era.

## Selected filmography

* A Tuner of Notes (1917)
* The Enchanted Barn (1919)
* The Wishing Ring Man (1919)
* Across the Border (1922)
* The Cowboy King (1922)
* Cyclone Jones (1923)
* The Tango Cavalier (1923)
* The Apache Dancer (1923)
* The Purple Dawn (1923)
* Yankee Madness (1924)
* Stop at Nothing (1924)
* Rose of the Desert (1925)
# Aulds

Aulds is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Leslie Aulds (1920–1999), American baseball player
* Lonnie O. Aulds (1925–1984), American businessman and politician
# Ault & Wiborg Company

The Ault & Wiborg Company was a manufacturer of printing inks that operated independently from 1878 to 1928. Founded in Cincinnati, Ohio, by Levi Addison Ault and Frank Bestow Wiborg, it expanded until its operations in multiple cities made it the world's largest ink manufacturer of its day.
The firm prospered with the development of colored inks based on coal-dye tars and the introduction of lithography.
As part of its marketing efforts, the company commissioned elaborate posters and magazine advertisements, the latter particularly for The Printing Art and The Inland Printer. Among the artists who produced works for the company were Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (in 1896; he was also a customer, using the company's inks for his own works), Will H. Bradley (the "dean of American designers", he produced several dozen of the posters from 1895 to about 1900); and Louis Rhead (at least one, in 1896). Many of these designs have been collected by noted institutions, including the National Museum of American History, Library of Congress, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and more. In 1902, the company published a book reproducing some 100 of these posters.
Ault was still running Ault & Wiborg in 1928 when he sold his interest for $14 million ($248,420,000 today), allowing it to be merged with Queen City Printing Inks and Philip Ruxton Co. to form the International Printing Ink Corp. The company was renamed Interchemical Corp. in 1938. It was sold in 1968 to the Carrier Corporation and then in 1985 to BASF.
# Aukrust

Aukrust is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Kjell Aukrust (1920–2002), Norwegian poet and artist, son of Lars
* Lars Olsen Aukrust (1886–1965), Norwegian farmer and politician
* Odd Aukrust (1915–2008), Norwegian author and economist, son of Lars
* Olav Aukrust (1883–1929), Norwegian poet, brother of Lars
# Austin O'Brien Catholic High School

Austin O'Brien (AOB) is a Catholic high school located in the Ottewell community of southeast Edmonton, Canada. It has about 1000 students.

## Namesake

Austin O'Brien was named after Sir Austin O'Brien, the superintendent of Edmonton Catholic Schools from 1924 to 1961.

## History

Austin O'Brien was opened in 1963 when Edmonton had 18,000 students in the Catholic system and had 55 schools.
The school's Ukrainian-language program began in 1983, and teaches Ukrainian language arts as well as religious studies.

## Notable alumni

* Johnny Boychuk, New York Islanders (NHL)
* Gene Principe, journalist
* Dustin Cherniawski, CFL football player (Saskatchewan Roughriders)
* Don Davies (1981), Member of Parliament for Vancouver Kingsway, B.C.
* Lydia Dotto, science journalist, author and photographer
* Gordon Hinse, CFL player
* Dexter Janke (Calgary Stampeders)
* Pete Lavorato, Edmonton Eskimos football team (CFL)
* Karrick Martin, curler (multiple Brier appearances)
* Pat McCallum, professional curler (WCT)
* Vikki Moss, singer (left before obtaining diploma)
* Morris Panych, Canadian Playwright
* Terriss Paliwoda, CFL Player
* John Stanton, The Running Room
* Mark Connolly, Broadcaster
# Austin O'Connor (wrestler)

Austin O'Connor (born May 14, 1998) is an American folkstyle wrestler from Lockport, Illinois. During his collegiate career, O'Connor was a two-time NCAA Wrestling Champion for the University of North Carolina. He won his first NCAA Title in 2021 in the 149lb weight class. Two years later in 2023, he followed up with another NCAA title at 157lbs. In total during his collegiate career, O'Connor was a five-time All-American, three-time conference champion and two-time national champion.

## High school career

O'Connor was a four-time wrestling state champion in the state of Illinois for St. Rita of Cascia High School located in Ashburn, Chicago.

## College career

O'Connor finished his collegiate career as a five-time All-American, three-time ACC Champion, and two-time National Champion for The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill as a wrestler.

## MMA career

O'Connor has signed a management deal with American Kickboxing Academy. Other notable wrestlers that are part of AKA include Daniel Cormier, Khabib Nurmagomedov, and B.J. Penn.
# Aurelio De Felice

Aurelio De Felice (October 29, 1915–June 14, 1996) was an Italian sculptor. He is considered one of the most important examples of the movement oppose to the Novecento Italiano. His masterpieces are exhibited all around the world.

## Biography

De Felice was born in Torre Orsina, a small town on the hills around Terni. Of humble origins, he began his studies in contrast with his family at the Scuola Romana in the 1930s. He earned a degree at the Academy of Fine Arts of Rome, becoming a professor there. De Felice alternated lessons and artistic activity with many personal exhibitions. The most important in that period was the one in the Gallery of Rome, introduced by Renato Guttuso.
At the end of the Second World War, De Felice started to travel across Europe. In those years he exhibited in Switzerland, Germany and France, where he created, in Paris, on behalf of the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the School of Italian Art. There he met Pablo Picasso, Fernand Léger, Jean Cocteau, Kees van Dongen, Ossip Zadkine, Mark Tobey and Constantin Brâncuși. He did not allow himself to be involved in the big debate between realism and formalism in the 1950s, continuing on his own road.
In 1961 De Felice created the Institute of Arts in Terni. In those years he continued to exhibit all over Europe (Italy, Germany, Switzerland, France). In 1967 he was in charge of the Italian Institute of Culture in Hamburg and the Center of Italian Studies in Zurich.
In 1977 he was invited to the National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo, for a conference on Orneore Metelli, a "painter-shoemaker" from Terni, and father of the Naïve Italian movement, whose art had become famous thanks to De Felice's work.
His last exhibition took place in 1982; after that, disease forced the sculptor to limit his activity. He spent the last years of his life in the quiet of his house on the hills of Torre Orsina, where he died on June 14, 1996.
# Neomedieval Forts

The Neomedieval Forts are a complex of fortifications in the mountainous area that closes the Ceuta peninsula on its border with Morocco.

## History

They were built in the mid-nineteenth century when, after the War of Wad-Ras with Morocco and sealed peace with the Treaty of Wad-Ras, it was considered appropriate to secure the border with a series of watchtowers to prevent possible aggression from the exterior. In this way, the towers of: Aranguren, Yebel Ányera, Renegado, very transformed, Isabel II, Francisco de Asís, Piniés and Mendizábal were raised, in addition to the Fort of Principe Alfonso.
# Nematolampas regalis

Nematolampas regalis, the regal firefly squid is a small, little-known species of squid from the family Lycoteuthidae which is found in the subtropical South Pacific Ocean. This squid has a mantle length of 30 mm (1.2 in). It may be sexually dimorphic, with the males possibly having very thin elongated arms III, which are increasingly thread like towards their tips, where they do not have any suckers. Arms II are "normal" and have suckers along their length. The third arms have a series of photophores along their length, and there is a small photophore located on each of the tips of arms I and II. The tentacles have two embedded photophores and the largest of the eye's photophores is in the centre. There is a pair of large photophores close to the tip of the mantle on the ventral side mantle, with no other photophores on the body except for a visceral photophore which is also near the tip. There is practically no tail.
N. regalis is known only from the Kermadec Islands near New Zealand; one of the specimens was beached while the other two were caught by a trawl at a depth of 48m.
# Naďa Hejná

Naďa Hejná (née Pietrová; 6 October 1906 – 8 February 1994) was a Slovak actress.

## Biography
### Early life and education

Naďa Hejná was born in Turócszentmárton, Kingdom of Hungary, Austria-Hungary (now Martin, Slovakia) to a locally prominent family belonging to petty nobility. Her grandfather Ambro Pietor and father Miloš Pietor were prominent journalists. Both of her parents were amateur actors. Her brother Ivan Pietor served as a Commerce and Transportation minister between 1945 and 1948. She studied commerce in Prague for a year, but abandoned her studied due to financial constrains and also to pursue acting. Following her return to Martin, she played with various amateur troupes and worked in theatre administration. In January 1944, she became an actress of the newly formed Slovenské komorné divadlo in Martin.

### Fight against fascism

Upon the outbreak of the Slovak National Uprising, Hejná applied to join the Front Theatre, a troupe established by the actor Andrej Bagar with the aim to increase the morale of the rebels and to promote the antifascist resistance among population. Nonetheless, she was not accepted as it was considered too dangerous for a woman. Instead, she worked as a host of the rebel radio in Banská Bystrica.

### After the war

From 1945 to 1948, Hejná lived in Prague again for family reasons – her brother was a minister and her husband had a job in the film industry. Following the 1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état, the family faced persecution. Hejná with her husband had to leave Prague and settled in a village of Štiavnička, nearby Martin. There, she returned to acting at the Martin theatre, where she remained active until 1990.
In addition to stage acting, Hejná appeared in a number of films, including Marketa Lazarová (1967), Rosy Dreams (1977) and Forget Mozart (1985).

## Death and legacy

Hejná died in Štiavnička on 8 February 1994 at the age of 88. She is buried at her family tomb at the National Cemetery in Martin. A street in Martin is named after her. The Radio and Television of Slovakia created a documentary about her life.

## Personal life

In 1930 she married a Czech professor Vít Hejný. Their son was the mathematician Milan Hejný.
# Neoplecostomus microps

Neoplecostomus microps is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil where it occurs in the Paraíba do Sul River basin. This species grows to a length of 10.2 centimetres (4.0 in) SL.
# Neosilurus ater

Neosilurus ater, commonly known as black catfish, butter jew or narrowfront tandan is a species of catfish native to rivers and streams in northern Australia and New Guinea. It can reach a length of 47 cm (19 in).
# Neosilurus equinus

Neosilurus equinus, the southern tandan, is a species of fish in the eeltail catfish family. It occurs in torrents in the New Guinea Highlands.$^{:184}$ It can be found in Lake Kutubu.