OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Patterned vegetation

Patterned vegetation is a vegetation community that exhibits distinctive and repetitive patterns. Examples of patterned vegetation include fir waves, tiger bush, and string bog. The patterns typically arise from an interplay of phenomena that differentially encourage plant growth or mortality. A coherent pattern arises because there is a strong directional component to these phenomena, such as wind in the case of fir waves, or surface runoff in the case of tiger bush. Patterns can include relatively evenly spaced patches, parallel bands, or some intermediate between those two. These patterns in the vegetation can appear without any underlying pattern in soil types, and are thus said to "self-organize" rather than be determined by the environment.

## Mechanisms

Several of the mechanisms underlying patterning of vegetation have been known and studied since at least the middle of the 20th century, however, mathematical models replicating them have only been produced much more recently. Self-organization in spatial patterns is often a result of spatially uniform states becoming unstable through the monotonic growth and amplification of nonuniform perturbations. A well-known instability of this kind leads to so-called Turing patterns. These patterns occur at many scales of life, from cellular development (where they were first proposed) to pattern formation on animal pelts to sand dunes and patterned landscapes (see also pattern formation). In their simplest form models that capture Turing instabilities require two interactions at differing scales: local facilitation and more distant competition. For example, when Sato and Iwasa produced a simple model of fir waves in the Japanese Alps, they assumed that trees exposed to cold winds would suffer mortality from frost damage, but upwind trees would protect nearby downwind trees from wind. Banding appears because the protective boundary layer created by the wind-most trees is eventually disrupted by turbulence, exposing more distant downwind trees to freezing damage once again.
When there is no directional resource flow across the landscape, spatial patterns may still appear in various regular and irregular forms along the rainfall gradient, including, in particular, hexagonal gap patterns at relatively high rainfall rates, stripe patterns at intermediate rates, and hexagonal spot patterns at low rates. The presence of a clear directionality to some important factor (such as a freezing wind or surface flow down a slope) favors the formation of stripes (bands), oriented perpendicular to the flow direction, in wider ranges of rainfall rates. Several mathematical models have been published that reproduce a wide variety of patterned landscapes, including semi-arid "tiger bush", hexagonal "fairy-circle" gap-patterns, woody-herbaceous landscapes, salt marshes, fog-dependent desert vegetation, and mires and fens.
Although not strictly vegetation, sessile marine invertebrates such as mussels and oysters, have also been shown to form banding patterns.
# J. A. Pugh

James Adolphus Pugh (July 3, 1833 – January 22, 1887) was an American photographer, based in Macon, Georgia, at the time of the Civil War. Pugh trained with and eventually took over the studio of R. L. Wood. His studio specialized in providing photographs of soldiers going to war. His studio was called Pugh's Photograph and Fine Art Gallery and printed ambrotype, tintype and daguerreotype photographs.
Pugh sailed to Europe in 1867 in order to attend the International Exposition and wrote a book about his European travels. In it, he spoke of how he "[held] it to be a duty every man owes to his family, to have both his and their likenesses taken at least once a year." His studio featured sinks with running water to make sure his prints had as much of the salts washed off of them as possible.$^{:58}$ In addition, he featured scenery backdrops painted by artists in New York City and an art gallery of photographs and paintings in his studio. Later in his career Pugh took up painting himself, creating life sized portraits of people from ambrotypes he'd taken of them.
In 1873, he won Best Photograph, Best Photograph in Oil, Best Photograph in Pastel, and Best Collection of Photographs at the Georgia State Fair.

## Personal life

Pugh was born in 1833, one of twelve children of Jesse and Nancy Reece Pugh. His brother David worked with him at his business.
# Brissac Loire Aubance

Brissac Loire Aubance (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Maine-et-Loire department of western France. The municipality was established on 15 December 2016 and consists of the former communes of Les Alleuds, Brissac-Quincé, Charcé-Saint-Ellier-sur-Aubance, Chemellier, Coutures, Luigné, Saint-Rémy-la-Varenne, Saint-Saturnin-sur-Loire, Saulgé-l'Hôpital and Vauchrétien.
# Paropsisterna m-fuscum

Paropsisterna m-fuscum is a beetle commonly called a leaf beetle in the subfamily Chrysomelinae, and native to Australia. This insect can become very prolific and is a serious pest species in the forestry industry. This beetle is an invasive species and a problem on Blue Gum in California, USA. The beetles are pale, with variable brown markings on the elytra and pronotum and sometimes with bright flaring at the base of the elytra. The larvae are pale green like the leaves they eat.
# Patricia Spoerer

Isabel Patricia Spoerer Price (born 5 February 1972) is a Chilean politician who served in the Constitutional Council.
# Marcos Chacon

Marcos Chacon (born 1972 in Spain) is an IFBB professional bodybuilder.

## Biography

Marcos Chacón his real name is Marcos Chacón Mcwenney. He is a famous Spanish bodybuilder. He has recently left the business of his gym that he had for many years in Almuecar for an underwater aquatic business.

## Titles

MR. Spain IFBB. MR. Granada. Marcos is a Granadaian native who went from amateur to pro, when he was discovered by Francisco del Yerro and received pro status in 2007. Chacón moved to Madrid at a young age. Mr legiónman.

## Stats

* Age: 45
* Height: 5 ft 7 in (1.70 m)
* Weight: 225 lb (102 kg)

## Contest history

Pro
* Europa Pro-Madrid 2011, 7
* Grand prix atlantic city pro 2009, 10
* Grand Prix Rumania-Timișoara 2008, 7
* Open Atlantic City-New Jersey 2008, 7
* Open Atlantic City Master-New Jersey 2008, 5
* Open Tampa Grand Prix-Florida 2008, 9
* Grand Prix Santa Susana-España 2006, 8
Amateur
* Campeónato de Granada 1987, 2.
* winner of Andalucia Jr 1988
* Winner of Andalucia weight 1991
* Olimpia Spain winner weight 1991
* Campeonato Andalucia 1995 winner weigh and overall.
* Olympia Spanish weigh 1995, 3
* Campeón Pesos Pesados Olympia Nacional 1996
* Villa de Madrid 1997 winner
* Open Santander 1997 winner.
* Campeonato of Spain weigh IFBB 1997, winner.
* Open Nacional Eusebio Esteban 2002, 2.
* Campeonato of Spain AEF weigh 2003, winner.
* Open Costa Del Sol Absoluto 2003, 2.
* Mr Universo Talla Baja Nabaa-Alemania 2003
* Open Nacional Ulises Navarro 2005,winners overall.
* Campeonato of Spain weigh 2005,winners.
* Open Fitform 2005 winner overall.
He was a campetitions:
* World Championships 2002
* New York Pro Show IFBB 2006
* Ironman Pro IFBB 2006,
* Arnold Classic, Pro IFBB 2007,
* New York Pro Show IFBB 2007,
* Mr Olympia 2007,
* Mr. Olympia 2008,
# Patternism

Patternism is a method of comparing the teachings of the religions of the ancient Near East whereby the similarities between these religions are assumed to constitute an overarching pattern. Opponents of this approach have employed the term patternism as a pejorative. While supporters are unified in their belief that the similarities result from the fact that the religions of the ancient near east are related, patternists vary widely in their views about how closely related these religions are and why.
# Patnikovo

Patnikovo is a village in Stambolovo Municipality, in Haskovo Province, in southern Bulgaria.
# Incoming! (2009 video game)

Incoming! is a video game for WiiWare developed by JV Games. It was released in North America on July 13, 2009.

## Gameplay

Players control a row of tanks, and must destroy their opponent's tanks by firing back at them. Using the pointer function of the Wii Remote, players set the angle and power of their shots, and also shoot down missiles and power-ups that rain down from the sky.
The game features a single player campaign and a head to head two player mode.

## Reception

Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| IGN | 4.1/10 |
| Nintendo Life | |
Incoming! received negative reviews from critics.
Philip J. Reed of Nintendo Life gave the game a score 1 out of 10 stars, saying that it was an "all time low for JV Games" and calling the gameplay "absolutely reprehensible" with "horrible" controls, though he had some more positive comments about the graphics. Daemon Hatfield of IGN gave the game a score of 4.1/10, praising the sound effects and saying that it was better than JV Games' previous game, Pong Toss! Frat Party Games, but still criticizing the game for its graphics, controls, and presentation.
# Patrick Oliphant

Patrick Oliphant may refer to:
* Pat Oliphant, Australian-born American artist
* Patrick Oliphant (cricketer), Scottish cricketer
* Patrick Oliphant, Lord Oliphant
# Brissalius vannoordenburgi

Brissalius vannoordenburgi is a species of sea urchin in the Family Brissidae. Their armour is covered with spines. Brissalius vannoordenburgi was first scientifically described in 2008 by Coppard.
# J'ai deux amours

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| All About Jazz | |
| The Buffalo News | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz | |
| PopMatters | 7/10 |
J'ai deux amours is an album by Dee Dee Bridgewater. This was Bridgewater's first album of French music; she lived in France for more than two decades and speaks French.

## Reception

Dave Gelly of The Guardian stated, "'J'ai deux amours' was the number with which Josephine Baker captivated Paris in 1929, and Dee Dee Bridgewater is her nearest equivalent today, a star both at home in the US and in her adopted country. Her singing is as expressive as ever, but what really caught my attention was the arrangements, a collaborative effort by the singer and her band. Harmonically sophisticated and at times fairly abstract, they quickly banish any idea of sentimental, Gallic wallow." Hrayr Attarian of All About Jazz wrote, "There's no denying that J'ai deux amours is light and fluffy and may possibly have sacrificed substance for form. But it is tasty and enjoyable, much like the cinnamon-sweet froth of a cappuccino can be, even before one gets to the strong bite of the coffee."
Jason MacNeil of AllMusic commented, "These Parisian café tunes bring out the best in this stellar jazz singer, particularly on the opening title track. Accompanied by accordion, which introduces the song, Dee Dee Bridgewater takes you from Paris down to the French Riviera with a warm, slightly island sound as she sings en français. And she has no problem creating her soothing jazz pipes regardless of language." The Buffalo News review stated, "Bridgewater still shows her skill at shaping a phrase, her ability to bring out the depths of every word. She sings in French with obvious relish. But I hope she doesn't forget her fans back home."

## Track listing

* "J'ai deux amours" (Géo Koger, Henri Varna, John Murray, Barry Trivers, Vincent Scotto) – 4:23
* "La Mer" (Beyond the Sea) (Jack Lawrence, Charles Trenet) – 3:29
* "Ne me quitte pas" (Jacques Brel, Rod McKuen) – 5:48
* "Mon Homme" (My Man) (Channing Pollock, Albert Willemetz, Maurice Yvain) – 4:44
* "Et Maintenant" (Pierre Delanoë, Carl Sigman, Gilbert Bécaud) – 3:26
* "Que reste-t-il de nos amours ?" (Charles Trenet) – 4:57
* "Dansez sur moi" (Girl Talk) (Bobby Troup, Claude Nougaro, Neal Hefti) – 4:17
* "La Belle Vie" (The Good Life) (Jean Broussolle, Sacha Distel, Jack Reardon) – 10:11
* "Avec le temps" (Léo Ferré) – 4:52
* "La Vie en rose" (Édith Piaf, Mack David, Louiguy) – 5:19
* "Les Feuilles mortes" (Jacques Prévert, Johnny Mercer, Joseph Kosma) – 4:56

## Personnel

* Dee Dee Bridgewater – vocals
* Marc Berthoumieux – accordion
* Louis Winsberg – guitar
* Patrick Manougian – guitar on tracks 9 & 10
* Ira Coleman – double bass
* Minino Garay – drums, percussion

## Chart positions

| Chart (2005) | Peak position |
| Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria) | 71 |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders) | 54 |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia) | 76 |
| French Albums (SNEP) | 25 |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 63 |
| US Jazz Albums (Billboard) | 37 |
# Takemoto Gidayū

Takemoto Gidayū (竹本 義太夫, 1651 – 18 October 1714) was a jōruri chanter and the creator of a style of chanted narration for Japan's puppet theatre which has been used ever since. The name "gidayū" has since become the term for all jōruri chanters. He was a close colleague of the famous playwright Chikamatsu Monzaemon, and founder and manager of the Takemoto-za puppet theatre.
Originally known as Kiyomizu Gorōbei, he took on the name Takemoto Gidayū no Jō in 1701.

## Life and career

Gidayū was originally from the Tennōji neighborhood of Osaka, performed originally in Kyoto, as apprentice to Uji Kaganojō. In 1684, he left Kaganojō and Kyoto, returning to Osaka and founding the Takemoto-za theatre. The year after his arrival saw a competition between Gidayū and Kaganojō for audiences in Osaka, as well as number of failed countryside tours, but also marked the beginning of Gidayū's collaborations with Chikamatsu, who he had met in Kyoto. Together, the pair overhauled the traditional elements of jōruri and reinvented the form, transforming it into the form which would be popular through much of the Edo period, and which it retains today.
The Chihiroshū ("A Collection a Thousand Fathoms Deep"), Gidayū's first work to be published, was produced in 1686, though his most important treatise would come the following year. The Jōkyō yonen Gidayū danmonoshū ("Collection of Jōruri Scenes of the Fourth Year of Jōkyō"), like his other works, contained a lengthy preface containing elements of Gidayū's theories and attitudes regarding the theatre and performance. This text would remain a foundational one for jōruri performers up through the end of the 19th century.
Though Gidayū fully acknowledged the older traditional forms which jōruri drew upon, he thought of his art as a contemporary creation, and was known to poke fun at those who valued lineage and tradition over skill and beautiful performance. His writings also established frameworks for the structure of jōruri plays, based upon those described by Zeami Motokiyo for the Noh theatre. A play constructed according to Gidayū's framework has five acts, performed over the course of a whole day. The first act is an auspicious opening, the second characterized by conflict, the third, the climax of the play, by tragedy and pathos, the fourth a light michiyuki (travel scene), and the fifth a quick and auspicious conclusion.
Gidayū, along with all jōruri chanters in the tradition after him, chanted the narration of a play alone, along with all the spoken (or sung) lines of every character. The chanting style shifts dramatically between speaking and singing, and is based on a notation exclusive to jōruri, inscribed into the chanter's copy of the script. Chanters may not perform an entire play, changing places with another chanter after an act or two or three, but they only very rarely perform simultaneously alongside another chanter. These, and many others, are all traditions and form established, or significantly altered, by Gidayū.
His son Takemoto Seidayū followed him as director of the Takemoto-za and continued the style and forms established by Gidayū.
# Paropta

Paropta is a genus of moths in the family Cossidae.

## Species

* Paropta paradoxus Herrich-Schäffer, 1851

## Former species

* Paropta confusa Rothschild, 1912
* Paropta frater (Warnecke, 1929)
* Paropta henleyi Warren & Rothschild, 1905
* Paropta johannes Staudinger, 1899
* Paropta l-nigrum Bethune-Baker, 1894
# Clear air turbulence (disambiguation)

Clear-air turbulence is the erratic movement of air masses in the absence of any visual cues.
Clear Air Turbulence may also refer to:
* Clear Air Turbulence (album), an album by the Ian Gillan Band
* Clear Air Turbulence, a fictional space ship in the science fiction novel Consider Phlebas
# Cornale e Bastida

Cornale e Bastida is a comune in the province of Pavia, in Lombardy, northern Italy, that was formed on 4 February 2014 from the merger of the comuni Cornale and Bastida de' Dossi.
# Independent candidates in the 1987 Ontario provincial election

There were several independent candidates in the 1987 provincial election, none of whom were elected. Information about these candidates may be found on this page.

## Camilo Tiqui (Parkdale)

Tiqui was a perennial candidate for public office in Toronto. He was an intelligence officer in the Philippine military, and moved to Canada in 1976. He later worked for De Havilland as an aircraft technologist. Tiqui was fifty-one years old in 1987, and campaigned in favour of a more equitable system of taxation.
He tried to challenge Sergio Marchi for the Liberal nomination in York West in the 1988 federal election, but was ruled ineligible on the grounds that his nomination papers were misfiled.
Tiqui expressed concern about overpopulation in the Toronto's Black Creek area during the 1988 campaign. He called for increased multicultural programs in 1991. In addition to the campaigns listed below, Tiqui also applied to become Mario Gentile's replacement on the Metro Toronto Council in 1994 (council chose to appoint Gentile's successor rather than call a by-election). He was rejected in favour of another candidate.
Tiqui is active with the Boy Scouts organization.
Electoral record :
| Election | Division | Party | Votes | Place | Winner |
| 12 November 1984 North York municipal by-election | Council, Ward One | n/a | not listed | not listed | Mario Sergio |
| 1985 North York municipal | School trustee, Ward Three | n/a | 155 | 4/4 | Elizabeth Smith |
| 1987 provincial | Parkdale | Independent | 176 | 7/8 | Tony Ruprecht, Liberal |
| 1988 Toronto municipal | Metro council, Black Creek ward | n/a | 1,117 | 3/3 | Maria Augimeri |
| 1991 North York municipal | School trustee, Ward One | n/a | 239 | 3/4 | Sheila Lambrinos |
| 1994 Toronto municipal | Metro council, Black Creek ward | n/a | 1,784 | 2/2 | Maria Augimeri |

## Footnotes

* ↑ "The choices in Metro", Toronto Star, 7 September 1987, A8.
* ↑ Dan Smith, "Liberals in uproar as political rookie signs up 3,000 in bid to oust MP", Toronto Star, 24 May 1988, A4. The newspaper title does not refer to Taqui.
* ↑ Sterling Taylor, "Wide social gulf runs down Black Creek valley", Toronto Star, 25 October 1988, A5.
* ↑ "School board trustees", Toronto Star, 7 November 1991, G6.
* ↑ Gail Swainson, "Tonks to explain role in Gentile scandal", Toronto Star, 24 August 1994, A6.
* ↑ Col. Camilo Tiqui, "Scouting spirit lives on in Montreal", North American Filipino Star, June 2005, accessed 19 October 2006.
# Jaane Kya Hoga Rama Re

Jaane Kya Hoga Rama Re was an Indian drama television series that premiered on November 16, 2015, and was broadcast on Life OK. The series is produced by Shobhana Desai Productions.
Jatin Sharma, Vinti Idnani, and Supriya Pathak have been finalized to play the lead roles respectively in the series. Deepak Dutta will portray the character of a typical drunkard with a good heart, while Supriya Pathak will play the role of a powerful woman.

## Cast

* Jatin Sharma as Raju Kaushik
* Vinti Idnani as Nandini "Nandu" Kar
* Fahad Ali as Shekhar "Sunny" Talwar
* Deepak Dutta as Dev Kaushik
* Supriya Pathak as Rambhateri
* Mihir Mishra as Mr. Rawal
* Paras Singh Minhas as Pratap
* Varsha Usgaonkar as Indu Talwar
* Anjali Gupta as Garima
* Aishwarya Khare as Rashmi
# Bright Size Life

Bright Size Life is the debut album by Pat Metheny, recorded in December 1975 and released on ECM March the following year. The trio features rhythm section Jaco Pastorius and Bob Moses.

## Background

The songs for Bright Size Life were written when Metheny was living in Boston and teaching at the Berklee School of Music. Metheny's mentor, the vibraphonist Gary Burton, helped Metheny arrange the songs and accompanied him to the recording session in Germany. Despite that, Burton never received a producer credit on the release.
Metheny has described the album as being "moderately successful" when it was released, selling around 900 copies, but that it wasn't until 10–15 years later that it received wider recognition.

## Reception and legacy

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide | |
| Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
In 2005, the first track was included on the Progressions: 100 Years of Jazz Guitar compilation on Columbia Records.
In 2011, the first track was included on the Jazz: The Smithsonian Anthology compilation. In August 2020, the album was included in the Jazzwise list of "100 Jazz Albums That Shook the World".
In 2020, the album was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" by the Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Recording Registry.

## Track listing

All music is composed by Pat Metheny, except where noted

## Personnel

* Pat Metheny – 6-and 12-string electric guitar
* Jaco Pastorius – bass
* Bob Moses – drums

## Charts

| Year | Chart | Position |
| 1976 | Billboard Jazz Albums | 28 |
# Paropta l-nigrum

Paropta l-nigrum is a species of moth of the family Cossidae. It is found on Cyprus.
The wingspan is 36–39 mm. The forewings are ashen grey. The hindwings are uniform brownish grey.
# Jefferson Township, Fayette County, Ohio

Jefferson Township is one of the ten townships of Fayette County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2020 census the population was 2,607.

## Geography

Located in the northwestern corner of the county, it borders the following townships:
* Stokes Township, Madison County - north
* Paint Township - east
* Union Township - southeast
* Jasper Township - south
* Silvercreek Township, Greene County - southwest
* Ross Township, Greene County - northwest
Two villages are located in Jefferson Township: Jeffersonville, the second largest municipality in Fayette County, in the center, and part of Octa in the southwest.

## Name and history

It is one of twenty-four Jefferson Townships statewide.

## Government

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.
# Patrick Barron (bishop)

Patrick Harold Falkiner Barron, also called Paddy, (13 November 1911 – 27 August 1991) was the fourth Bishop of George.
Barron was educated at Leeds University and (after studies at the College of the Resurrection, Mirfield) ordained in 1939. He began his ordained ministry a curate at Our Most Holy Redeemer, Clerkenwell after which he was a chaplain to the South African Army during World War II. After the war he held incumbencies at Zeerust, Potchefstroom and Blyvooruitzicht. Later he was Archdeacon of Germiston, then Dean of Johannesburg. In 1964 he was ordained to the episcopate as Suffragan Bishop of Cape Town and two years later was translated to George.
# Marengo crassipes

Marengo crassipes is a species of spider of the genus Marengo. It is native to India and Sri Lanka.
# John Holmes Agnew

John Holmes Agnew (4 May 1804 — 1865) was the first editor of The Eclectic Magazine, a professor of ancient languages at the University of Michigan and a member of the Presbyterian clergy.