OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Joseph Madachy

Joseph Steven Madachy (March 16, 1927 – March 27, 2014) was a research chemist, technical editor and recreational mathematician. He was the lead editor of Journal of Recreational Mathematics for nearly 30 years and then served as editor emeritus. He was owner, publisher and editor of its predecessor, Recreational Mathematics Magazine, which appeared from 1961 to 1964.

## Early life and education

Madachy was born in Star Junction, Pennsylvania, to Steven and Anne Madachy. He was raised in Cleveland, Ohio. He became interested in recreational mathematics after reading Eugene Northrop's 1944 book, Riddles in Mathematics. After service in World War II, he attended Western Reserve University on the G.I. Bill and earned a bachelor's and a master's in Chemistry.

## Career

Madachy moved to Dayton, Ohio, and worked for Mound Laboratories. He made original contributions to the field of recreational mathematics. In 1960 he wrote to recreational mathematician Martin Gardner, asking whether Gardner knew of any publications devoted solely to recreational mathematics, as he was considering starting such a project. Gardner responded in the negative, including a box containing his correspondence and suggesting Madachy could use the addresses to promote the magazine. From February 1961 to 1964 Madachy published the bimonthly Recreational Mathematics Magazine.
In 1967, Greenwood Press asked him to start the journal again under the title Journal of Recreational Mathematics, which was published by Baywood Publishing starting in 1973. He authored several books on recreational mathematics, including Mathematics on Vacation (1966), Madachy's Mathematical Recreations and Mathematical Diversions. He served as the literary agent for Dmitri Borgmann's Language on Vacation. Longtime colleagues and co-authors include Martin Gardner, Harry L. Nelson, and Isaac Asimov, and Solomon Golomb (with pentominos).
He worked with polyominoes, pentominos, prime numbers, and amicable numbers. He worked developing mathematical concepts such as cryptarithmetic, used in cyber security applications. He made contributions to Fibonacci series and narcissistic numbers and devised puzzles using Fibonacci numbers. His recreational mathematics work included areas in chess, magic squares and calculator art.
Madachy retired from editing Journal of Recreational Mathematics in 2000.$^{:272}$

## In popular culture

Madachy is mentioned in the Jack Reacher novel series in the book Never Go Back, which uses perfect digit-to-digit invariant numbers in the plot: "Such numbers had been much discussed by a guy called Joseph Madachy, who once upon a time had been the owner, publisher, and editor of a magazine called Journal of Recreational Mathematics."

## Personal life

Madachy and his wife, Juliana, lived in Dayton, Ohio and had six children.
# Bispetorv, Aarhus

Bispetorv (lit. Bishop's Square) is a public square located in the Indre By neighborhood in Aarhus, Denmark.
Bispetorv faces Aarhus Cathedral to the north, Aarhus Theatre to the east and is located in or close to the historic Latin Quarter neighborhood. A low sandstone wall bounds the square east, south and west and there are two small fountains with drinking water. The streets of Mejlgade, Skolegade and the squares of Store Torv and Skt. Clemens Torv emanates from Bispetorv. Bispetorv was last renovated in 2016, effectively changing it from a parking lot to a public space which is today a venue for many public events and gatherings in the city. The square is home to notable historic buildings such as Aarhus Cathedral and Aarhus Theatre along with the Viking Museum. Bispetorv measures 110×45 meters. The square features an equestrian statue of king Christian X.

## History

Originally, in the early Viking settlement, the area of present-day Bispetorv was a pagan burial site, and like today, right in the center of town. In the 900s, Aarhus became the seat of the Diocese of Aarhus and in the late 11th century the bishop Peder Vognsen initiated construction of Aarhus Cathedral on and slightly north of the burial site. The cathedral would come to dominate the area henceforth. The cathedral and its diocese grew larger through the following centuries and a number of buildings were constructed south of it for clergy and administration. The primary buildings in the area was a large stone building used by the cathedral chapter and a number of homes for clergy. After the reformation in Denmark the chapter house was turned into the home of the bishop with a large garden and wall facing the street of Kannikegade, immediately south of Bispetorv. Kanikkegade (Canon Street) is named for the canon houses that lined it at the time. In 1881, Aarhus Municipality bought the bishop's house and demolished it in order to create a public space and give the cathedral "room to breathe". The space between Store Torv and the new square was still occupied by a building which wasn't removed until 1921 when Bispetorv was given its current size and shape.
The square has been a center for Aarhus Festival Week for many years. In 2009, a contest for future use of the square was published. The contest was won by the landscaping company Schønherr which in the following years transformed the square from a parking lot to a public space with trees and greenery.
Bispetorv has been excavated by archaeologists from Moesgård Museum several times and during a dig in the 1960s many notable artifacts from the Viking Age was uncovered. This incited the construction of the Viking Museum, a small in situ museum, displaying and contextualizing the finds. Later digs, lately in 2009–2011, has unearthed new important finds from the Viking Age and Medieval times of Aarhus and the excavations aims to expand the Viking Museum as a subterranean museum beneath Bispetorv.
# Markus Tressel

Markus Tressel (born 17 April 1977) is a German politician of Alliance 90/The Greens who served as a member of the Bundestag from the state of Saarland from 2009 until 2021. From 2016 until 2021, he also was the party's co-chair in Saarland, alongside Tina Schöpfer.

## Early life and career

In 1996 Tressel graduated from the Max-Planck-Gymnasium in Saarlouis, where he was student representative. He dropped out of his studies of political and administrative sciences at Saarland University in 2000 in favour of a position as state manager for the regional association of the Green Party in Saarland.

## Political career

Tressel became a member of the Bundestag in the 2009 German federal election, representing the Saarlouis district. He is a member of the Committee on Food and Agriculture and the Committee on Tourism. For his parliamentary group he serves as spokesman for rural areas and regional policy and for tourism policy.
In February 2021, Tressel announced that he would not stand in the 2021 federal elections but instead resign from active politics by the end of the parliamentary term.
# 1906 AAA Championships

The 1906 AAA Championships was the 1906 edition of the annual outdoor track and field competition organised by the Amateur Athletic Association (AAA). It was held on Saturday 7 July 1906 at the Stamford Bridge (stadium) in London, England.
The Championships consisted of 16 events.

## Results

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| 100 yards | John Morton | 10.4 | Denis Murray | 1½ yd | Wyndham Halswelle | 1 ft |
| 220 yards | Claude Jupp | 22.6 | Henry Pankhurst | 4 yd | Arthur Hargreaves | ½ yd |
| 440 yards | Wyndham Halswelle | 48.8 | John George | 8-10 yd | John Densham | 4 yd |
| 880 yards | Arthur Astley | 1:57.8 | J. Woolley | 2-4 yd | James Lintott | 5-8 yd |
| 1 mile | George Butterfield | 4:18.4 | John McGough | 4:19.2 | Jack Lee | 4:22.6 |
| 4 miles | Frederick Hulford | 20:27.4 | James Roberts | 20 yd | A. W. Shee | |
| 10 miles | Albert Aldridge | 54:07.2 | James Beale | 54:15.0 | Leslie Pearce | 55:06.0 |
| steeplechase | Arthur Russell | 11:14.8 | George Wigginton | 11:37.4 | Charles Holdaway | 80-100 yd |
| 120yd hurdles | Robert Stronach | 16.6 | Oswald Groenings | inches | Eric Hussey | inches |
| 2 miles walk | Alfred Yeoumans | 14:20.4 | Frank Creasey | 50-80 yd | Richard Harrison | 6-12 yd |
| 7 miles walk | Frank Carter | 53:20.2 | Frederick Thompson | 53:43.0 | W. H. Martindale | 54:19.0 |
| high jump | Con Leahy | 1.829 | Oswald Groenings | 1.753 | Edward Leader Cyril Dugmore | 1.676 1.676 |
| pole jump | Bertie Harragin | 3.15 | not awarded | | only 1 competitor | |
| long jump | Peter O'Connor | 7.15 | John Hagerman | 6.92 | Lionel Cornish | 6.85 |
| shot put | Tom Kirkwood | 13.83 NR | Henry Alan Leeke | 12.05 | Arthur Sale | 11.07 |
| hammer throw | Henry Alan Leeke | 37.52 | Tom Kirkwood | 36.52 | Alf Flaxman | 36.18 |
# Habrosyne costalis

Habrosyne costalis is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It is found in the Philippines (Luzon).
# Bluescape

Bluescape is a SaaS company based in Silicon Valley, California. Its visual collaboration platform is designed to allow users to collaborate remotely. The cloud-based solution is hardware agnostic and accessible through desktops, PCs, mobile devices (iOS and Android), multi-touch displays, apps, and a browser-based solution. Bluescape is used in many industries, including the media entertainment and film industry, consulting, financial services, life sciences, manufacturing, AEC, and government.
# Black Hill (Sidlaw Hills)

Black Hill is one of the steepest hills of the Sidlaw range in South East Perthshire. Black Hill is located near Collace and is smaller than King's Seat and Higher than Dunsinane Hill,
# Charlie Spinks

Charles Augustus Spinks (9 April 1904 – 16 October 1987) was an international motorcycle speedway rider from Australia. He earned 26 international caps for the Australia national speedway team.

## Biography

Spinks, born in Singleton, New South Wales began a career as a bricklayer before riding in the pioneer years of Australian and British speedway. He was riding as early as 1923 for Johnnie Hoskins in exhibition events. In 1928, a contingent of Australian riders arrived in Britain to demonstrate the new sport.
He returned to England for a second season in 1930, after deciding to stay in Australia during 1929. He was signed by Lea Bridge, where he began his British leagues career during the 1930 Speedway Southern League season. He topped the team averages and remained with London club for the 1931 season.
In 1932, the northern and southern leagues merged to form the National League and he signed for West Ham Hammers but he suffered a serious injury and missed part of the season. He did not return to England again until the 1936 season and was reported as being a baker in a village in North Queensland. His time out of the sport came at a cost and he could only post a 3.33 average. However, the following three seasons saw improvement and the achievement of reaching the Championship round of the 1937 Individual Speedway World Championship. He also won the 1937 Speedway National League title with West Ham.
After an enforced six-year break because of World War II, he returned to race for Newcastle Diamonds, where he spent two seasons in 1946 and 1948 before retiring.
# Bispelokket

59°54′29″N 10°45′19″E﻿ / ﻿59.9080°N 10.7553°E﻿ / 59.9080; 10.7553
Bispelokket (literally "bishops lid") was a Norwegian three-level stack interchange roundabout in Bjørvika, Oslo. European Route E18 and Norwegian National Road 162 (until 2010: National Road 4) jointed at this point, which also served as the official traffical centre of the city. The new roundabout at Postgirobygget is from October 31, 2011, the new traffical centre of Oslo.
Bispelokket gradually opened between 1966 and 1968, and was visited by at the most 140,000 vehicles a day until Bjørvikatunnelen was introduced as a complete tunnel system in 2010 and the amount declined to 40,000. Bispelokket ceased to function as a roundabout on October 28, 2011, at 10 pm. The physical demolition was launched by the Norwegian prime minister Jens Stoltenberg, November 4, 2011, at 1:46 pm. As a complex road intersection, Bispelokket was not recognized as an aesthetical suitable landmark in the cityline of Oslo.
Sinsenkrysset is from October 31 the most visited Norwegian road intersection by 100,000 vehicles a day.

## Demolition

As a part of the Fjord City urban renewal project, Bispelokket (including all its ramps and the Nylandsvegen bridge) was demolished in 2012 to make way for the redevelopment of the Bjørvika waterfront into a business and residential area.
# Bum trilogy

The Bum Trilogy consists of three books by Australian author Andy Griffiths: The Day My Bum Went Psycho (2003), Zombie Bums from Uranus (2004), and Bumageddon: The Final Pongflict (2005).The books are aimed at children aged around ten and contain much toilet humor.
Because the word bum has an alternate meaning in the United States, the book titles were changes to use butt instead. The third book is further renamed to Butt Wars: The Final Conflict.
Griffiths' reference guide to "prehistoric bumosaurs", What Bumosaur Is That?, was published in May 2007. It is not a part of the trilogy, although the book was mentioned in the trilogy.
# China Rose

Chinese Rose may refer to:
* Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Chinese: 朱槿), a flowering plant of the genus Hibiscus
* Rosa chinensis (Chinese: 月季), a flowering plant of the genus Rosa
* China Rose (operetta), 1925 operetta by A. Baldwin Sloane, Harry L. Cort, and George E. Stoddard
# Boki

Boki may refer to:
* The Boki people of Nigeria
* The Boki language
* Boki, Nigeria, a Local Government Area of Nigeria

## People

* Boki (surname)
* Boki (Hawaiian chief) (before 1785–after 1829), Royal Governor of Oahu
* Boki Milošević (1931–2018), Serbian clarinetist
* Boki Nachbar (born 1980), Slovenian basketball player
* Boki.b (born 1983), Croatian illustrator
# Granny's Dancing on the Table

Granny's Dancing on the Table is a 2015 Swedish drama film directed by Ami-Ro Sköld. It was screened in the Contemporary World Cinema section of the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival.

## Cast

* Blanca Engström as Eini
* Lennart Jähkel as The Father
* Karin Bertling as Granny
# Black Hill Roman Camps

Black Hill Roman Camps are two Roman camps that are part of an extensive complex of Roman military sites centred around the fort at Ardoch, Perth and Kinross, Scotland. They were built along the Gask Ridge during the re-conquest of Scotland by the emperor Septimius Severus.
The camp is about 0.5 miles (0.80 km) north of the Ardoch Roman Fort in Braco.
# Joseph Pierre de Bonnecamps

Joseph Pierre de Bonnecamps (7 September 1708 – 28 May 1790) was a French Jesuit, missionary, priest and professor and tutor.

## Biography

Bonnecamps was born in Vannes, France. He entered the Jesuit seminary at Paris in 1727 and was ordained in 1743. He was professor of hydrography at the Collège de Québec, New France, from 1743 to 1757, during which time he was a member of the expedition of Pierre Joseph Céloron de Blainville to the Ohio Valley from June to November 1749, occupying the roles of chaplain, hydrographer and historian. He completed the first map of the Ohio Valley.
He travelled for health reasons to France in 1757—1758; the next year, he returned to New France as professor or mathematics at the Collège de Québec, then at the Collège du Mont (affiliated with the University of Caen Normandy, the building of which today houses the Normandy Antiquities Museum) in Caen from 1759 to 1760. Defrocked during the suppression of the Jesuits in France in 1762, he became a parish priest and was chaplain of Brest Prison from 1762 to 1766.
Bonnecamps was a missionary in Saint Pierre and Miquelon from 1762 to 1766. He was tutor to the children of Admiral de Tronjoli at Tronjoli Castle, near Gourin, from 1768 to 1790. He is entombed at the Church of Notre-Dame de Gourin.
# Bispetorv, Copenhagen

Bispetorv (Danish: Bispetorvet) is a small public square in central Copenhagen, Denmark, located on the corner of Nørregade and Studiestræde. It takes its name from the Bishop's House, the official residence of the Bishop of Copenhagen, on the other side of Studiestræde. The square is dominated by the main entrance of Church of Our Lady which faces it on the other side of Nørregade. The Reformation Memorial which stands in the middle of the square is from 1943.

## History

Bispetorv was established in connection with C. F. Hansen's rebuilding of the Church of Our Lady after its destruction in the British bombardment of the city during the Battle of Copenhagen. As properties which occupied the site had also been destroyed, Hansen was successful in having the Establishment take over the lots, and he also designed the surrounding buildings.
Hansen's buildings were sold in 1899 and demolished to make way for a new building for Studentersamfundet, a student society which had been founded in 1882. The new building, was designed by C. F. Jeppesen og Carl Thonning in a National Romantic style at the corner of Studiestræde, topped by a steep pyramidical roof. In 1916 the building was sold and redesigned by Gotfred Tvede who removed the tower and adapted it to a more sober, Neo-Classical design. In 1949 the building was acquired by the University of Copenhagen, which already had a number of buildings in the area, and it became known as the Bispetorv Annex.

## Reformation Memorial

A monument in the centre of the square commemorates the Reformation of Denmark. It was inaugurated on 6 June 1943. The monument was designed by the sculptor Max Andersen and architect Harald Lønborg-Jensen. It consists of a column decorated with reliefs and inscriptions on all four sides. The reliefs present key events from the Reformation.
# Markus Posset

Markus Posset (born 15 April 1976 in Mödling, Austria) is an Austrian media entrepreneur and investor. He has been awarded the Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria in Gold and is Honorary Consul of the Republic of Albania in Austria. Posset is also author of several books.

## Life

Posset completed an apprenticeship as a communications engineer with the Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB) and completed studies in Business Administration (Magister), in Work and Process Psychology (MSc) and in Sales & Marketing (Executive MBA).
From 2000 onwards, he worked in management positions at Echo Medienhaus Group, most recently being COO of the group. At the end of 2016, he left the group and in 2017 became managing director at the Verlagsgruppe News (VGN), being responsible for the magazines Trend and Profil. In May 2018, he became managing director for the magazine division of the media group Österreich. In 2023, Posset became the new chairman of the board of directors of Star Troopers Media, Entertainment und Investment AG in Switzerland.
In January 2021, Posset was awarded the Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria in Gold by resolution of the Austrian federal President Alexander Van der Bellen of 14 January 2021, acknowledging his services to the Austrian media landscape. In May 2021, he was appointed Honorary Consul of the Republic of Albania in Austria.

## Publications

* Posset, Markus & Quinton, Aaron (2022). Balkan-Express - Eine Geschichte über die Wahrheit. edition a GmbH (1st edition). Vienna. ISBN 978-3-99001-636-7
* Posset, Markus (2022). Medienökonomie: Alles, was Sie über Print, Fernsehen, Radio und Internet wissen müssen. Springer Gabler. Wiesbaden. ISBN 978-3-658-38441-8
* Posset, Markus (2021). Breaking Bad - Der Medienwahnsinn und seine Zukunftsaussichten (in German). Edition A. ISBN 3-99001-569-9
* Posset, Markus; Binderlehner, Franz (2023). Führungskräfte-Mentalität I Die Macht des starken Mindsets (in German). Star Troopers Publishing. ISBN 978-3951977805.
# Marie Haupt

Marie Haupt (18 April 1849 – 1928) was a German operatic soprano who had an active career during the latter half of the 19th century. She is best remembered today for portraying several roles in the first complete presentation of Richard Wagner's The Ring Cycle at the very first Bayreuth Festival in 1876.

## Biography

Born in Danzig, Germany (now Gdańsk, Poland), Haupt studied in Berlin with the great prima donna Pauline Viardot and renowned pedagogue Eduard Mantius. She made her professional opera debut in 1870 at the Court Theater of Neustrelitz. Subsequent engagements took her to the Municipal Theater of Stettin (now Szczecin) and the Bavarian State Opera.
In 1873 Haupt became a principal soprano at the Court Theater of Kassel where she remained through 1877. She excelled in the coloratura soprano repertoire, portraying such roles as Ännchen in Der Freischütz, Elvira in I puritani, Frau Fluth in The Merry Wives of Windsor, and Marie in La fille du régiment. She also sang a few mezzo-soprano roles like Urbain in Les Huguenots and Venus in Tannhäuser. After marrying the famous Wagnerian tenor Georg Unger (1837–1887), she appeared on the stage as Marie Unger-Haupt.
Haupt's participation in the first presentation of the complete Ring Cycle at the Bayreuth Festival in 1876 was the pinnacle achievement of her career. This was the first time that the third opera in the ring, Siegfried, was heard and Haupt created the role of the Forestbird when it premiered on August 16, 1876. She also sang the roles of Freia in Wagner's Das Rheingold and Gerhilde in Wagner's Die Walküre on August 13, 1876 and August 14, 1876, respectively.
From 1877 until her retirement from the stage in 1880, Haupt was committed to the opera house in Mainz. She died in Leipzig at the age of 79.
# Lü Yue

Lü Yue may refer to:
* Duke Cheng of Qi (died 795 BC), ruler of Qi
* Lü Yue (cinematographer) (born 1957), Chinese cinematographer and film director
* Lü Yu'e (born 1960), Chinese cyclist
# Hand pay

A hand pay (or handpay) is a condition where a slot machine cannot pay the patron in the typical manner, requiring the casino staff (such as the floor attendant or cashier) to pay the customer out manually (i.e., by hand).
In casinos which use coin in, coin out systems, a hand pay may be caused by a coin jam, inadequate supply of coins in the machine's hopper to pay the requested amount, or another problem with the coin out mechanism. A hand pay can also be triggered when the win is large enough that the number of coins required to pay out the win would be excessive.
In casinos that use ticket in, ticket out (cashless) systems, a hand pay can be caused by communication or other issues with the ticket printer. More frequently, it is caused by communication problems with the server which tracks and assigns ticket serial numbers.

## Gameplay

Hand pays also occur whenever the amount of the win is over the minimum taxable win amount for the jurisdiction that the machine is in. Hand paying allows a floor attendant to collect the patron's identification and tax ID numbers (such as the Social Security number in the United States), and other pertinent information, such as the winning combination. The patron is then provided with the applicable tax forms. In the United States, a hand pay will normally occur for slot machine or electronic bingo winnings over $1,199.99, which is the amount above which winnings must be reported to the IRS; some states may have lower thresholds where the taxes must be reported to the state revenue office. Citizens of the United States winning in that country will receive a W-2G tax form, and often a W-9 form to validate that the Social Security number they provided is correct.
To perform a hand pay, a floor attendant may complete a form which the patron presents to the cash cage to be paid out. In other casinos, the floor attendant will retrieve the funds and pay the patron directly. (The latter is typical for hand pays resulting from taxable wins.) Most casinos will require an electronic record of the hand pay to be made through the slot accounting system.