OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Macedonians in the Czech Republic

There is a small community of ethnic Macedonians in the Czech Republic. Among the refugees of the Greek Civil War who were admitted to Czechoslovakia in the late 1940s, roughly 4,000 were of Macedonian ethnicity; they resettled primarily in the Czech portion of the country. In commemoration of 75 years since the exodus of the child refugees to Czechoslovakia and Poland, an exhibition was held in Krnov in June 2023.

## Notable people

* Petra Cetkovská (b. 1985), a tennis player
* Marek Jankulovski (b. 1977), a football player
# Badfish

Badfish: A Tribute to Sublime is a Rhode Island–based tribute band dedicated to playing the music of Sublime. The group is named after a song appearing on the album 40oz. to Freedom. Formed in 2001 at the University of Rhode Island, the group's members, who were computer science majors, began playing local Rhode Island clubs and quickly began selling out shows. They continued touring the East Coast and Midwest of the U.S., becoming popular on college campuses and among Sublime fans who never were able to see the band due to frontman Bradley Nowell's death in 1996. Since then the group has done multiple national tours per year. In 2008, the band was nominated for Best Tribute Act in the Boston Music Awards.
The group played 152 shows across the United States in 2006, selling just under 100,000 tickets and grossing $1.4 million in sales. The group has sold out venues such as House of Blues locations in Chicago, Atlantic City, and Las Vegas, the Toronto Opera House, the Starland Ballroom in New Jersey, and Lupo's in Providence, RI. Members of the group also play in a non-tribute act called Scotty Don't, which sometimes acts as the opener at "Badfish: A Tribute to Sublime" shows. The band played at the Hoodwink festival in New Jersey in 2009, and Shwagstock in Salem, Missouri in 2010.

## Members

* Joel Hanks – bass
* Scott Begin – drums
* Pat Downes – vocals, guitar (Since 2007)
* Danny Torgersen – horns, keys, guitars (Since 2022)
* Dorian Duffy – keys, guitars, samples (2010–2022)
* Ben Schomp – horns, keys, guitars (2001-2009)
* Dave Ladin – vocals, guitar (2001–2006)
# Claire Olivier

Claire Olivier (1892-1974) was a French stage film and television actress. A character actress, she generally appeared in supporting roles in French cinema.

## Selected filmography

* A Picnic on the Grass (1937)
* The Train for Venice (1938)
* The Strangers in the House (1942)
* Angels of Sin (1943)
* Mr. Orchid (1946)
* Bichon (1948)
* The Spice of Life (1948)
* La Vie en Rose (1948)
* The Passenger (1949)
* Lady Paname (1950)
* Without Leaving an Address (1951)
* Darling Caroline (1951)
* Alone in Paris (1951)
* The Billionaire Tramp (1951)
* Dr. Knock (1951)
* Passion (1951)
* Monsieur Taxi (1952)
* Piédalu Works Miracles (1952)
* Le Plaisir (1952)
* Full House (1952)
* The Little Rebels (1955)
* Men in White (1955)
* Suspicion (1956)
* A Very Curious Girl (1969)
# Haynsworth

Haynsworth is a surname. Notable people with this name include:
* Clement Haynsworth (1912–1989), American circuit judge and Supreme Court nominee, namesake of C.F. Haynsworth Federal Building and United States Courthouse
* Emilie Virginia Haynsworth (1916–1985), American mathematician, namesake of Haynsworth inertia additivity formula
* G. Edward Haynsworth (1922–2012), Episcopalian bishop in Nicaragua and South Carolina
* Holt Haynsworth, cinematographer for 2008 documentary miniseries Sex: The Revolution
* Matthew E. Haynsworth, acting mayor of Tampa, Florida in 1881
* William M. Haynsworth Jr. (1901–1942), American naval officer, namesake of USS Haynsworth
# Martin Potůček

Martin Potůček is Czech academic and journalist.

## Education

Potůček studied philosophy, mathematics, political science, and sociology at Masaryk University in Brno. He worked as a researcher at the Department of Complex Modelling, Sportpropag, and later in the Institute of Social Medicine and Organisation of Health Services in Prague, until 1989. He received his Ph.D. in management theory in 1989 from the University of Economics, Prague. He subsequently studied at the London School of Economics, receiving an M.Sc. in European social policy in 1991, and participated in a number of professional fellowship and exchange programs, including with the Eisenhower Exchange Fellowship in the United States (1992), Oxford University (1993–1994), the University of Konstanz (1997–2000), the Institute of Human Sciences in Vienna (1998) and Central European University in Budapest (1998–2000).

## Career

In 1990 Potůček joined the newly established faculty of social sciences at the Charles University in Prague. He habilitated there in 1992 as associate professor of sociology. In 1999, he became full professor of public and social policy on the new study program he had co-founded. He served as the director of the Institute of Sociological Studies at the same faculty from 1994 to 2003. He established and has run the Center for Social and Economic Strategies there since 2000.
Potůček was elected chairman of the Masaryk Czech Sociological Association in 1995 (vice-chairman, 1994 and 1996) and member of the steering committee of the Network of Institutes and Schools of Public Administration in Central and Eastern Europe (NISPAcee) in 1997. In 2000-2002, he acted as the elected president of this international nonprofit association. He served as the first vice-chairman of the Research and Development Council of the Government of the Czech Republic (1999–2004). He acted as permanent guest professor at the University of Konstanz, Germany (2002–2008). He served as an advisor to Ministers of Labour and Social Affairs (1998–2006) and to the prime minister of the Czech Republic (2002–2004). He has been awarded the Sri Chinmoy International Honour "Lifting Up the World with a Oneness-Heart" (2003) and the NISPAcee Alena Brunovska Award (2004) for teaching excellence in public administration. Since 2008 and from 2004 to 2005 he was a member of Committee for Social Sciences and Humanities, Research and Development Council of the Czech Government.
Potůček ran for Czech president in 2003. He sought the nomination of the Czech Social Democratic Party, but came fourth in the party's presidential primaries and was not nominated.
# 2007–08 NTFL season

The 2007/08 NTFL season was the 87th season of the Northern Territory Football League (NTFL).
St Marys have won there 26th premiership title while defeating Waratah in the grand final by 96 points.

## Grand Final

| Premiers | GF Score | Runner-up |
| St Marys | 21.20 (146) - 7.8 (50) | Waratah |
# Hellsgate Wilderness

The Hellsgate Wilderness is a 37,440-acre (151.5 km$^2$) protected wilderness within the Tonto National Forest in Gila County, Arizona, at the base of the Mogollon Rim. It was created by the U.S. Congress in 1984 and is managed by the U.S. Forest Service.

## Topography

The Hellsgate Wilderness is on the edge of the Mogollon Rim. The elevation change in the wilderness is 3,480 ft (1,060 m), with the highest point being Horse Mountain in the northeast corner. Tonto Creek is a perennial creek that cuts a 1,000 ft-deep (300 m) canyon through the wilderness. The terrain is subject to steep elevation changes throughout the entire wilderness area.

## Wildlife

Due to available water, the Hellsgate Wilderness is home to myriad animal life, including black bears, mountain lions, mule deer, coyotes, gray foxes, javelinas, and, beavers. Trout, catfish, and smallmouth bass live in the perennial creeks.

## History

The southern part of the Hellsgate Wilderness was home to the native American group known as the Salado. This civilization flourished along the banks of the Salt River in the 13th and 14th centuries. In the later part of the 14th century, the Salado went into decline and by 1400 the Hellgate Wilderness area was largely abandoned. Sometime in the 16th century, the Apache began using this area for a hunting ground and continued to do so until they were driven out by ranchers and miners of European descent.
In 1927, a Ryan Brougham airplane flown by Martin Jensen, carrying MGM's Leo the Lion, was forced to make an emergency landing in a box canyon in the Hellsgate Wilderness. Both pilot and lion survived with no injuries, and the canyon was named Leo Canyon after the incident. The wreckage of the plane was left in the canyon until 1991, when historic-airplane enthusiast Scott Gifford found it and removed it from the canyon via helicopter. He plans to restore the plane to airworthiness.

## Recreation

The Hellgsate Wilderness contains many trails for hiking as well as camping spots. However, usage of this area is light as trailheads are difficult to reach without 4-wheel-drive capability, and most trails are rated as challenging.
During the summer months, the wilderness's perennial creeks attract a small number of anglers.
# Hydropunctaria rheitrophila

Hydropunctaria rheitrophila is a species of freshwater, saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Verrucariaceae. It was formally described as a new species in 1922 by German lichenologist Georg Hermann Zschacke as a species of Verrucaria. Christine Keller, Cécile Gueidan, and Holger Thüs transferred it to the newly circumscribed genus Hydropunctaria in 2009. It is one of several aquatic lichens that are in this genus. The photobiont partner of Hydropunctaria rheitrophila is a yellow-green alga (class Xanthophyceae, genus Heterococcus).
# Lucius Lee Hubbard

Lucius Lee Hubbard (August 7, 1849 – August 3, 1933) was an American geologist. He served as State Geologist of Michigan from 1893 to 1899 and on the Board of Regents of the University of Michigan.

## Biography

Hubbard was born on August 7, 1849, in Cincinnati, Ohio, and was the only child of Lucius Virgilius and Annie Elizabeth (Lee) Hubbard.
From 1891 to 1893, Hubbard was the Assistant State Geologist of Michigan under Marshman E. Wadsworth. When Wadsworth resigned as State Geologist of Michigan in 1893, Hubbard was appointed to the position. Hubbard reorganized the Geological Survey and discontinued its ties to the Michigan College of Mines and the University of Michigan. He resigned the position in 1899, dissatisfied with the Survey and obstacles to his work.
Following his tenure with the Survey, Hubbard served as general manager of the Copper Range Mining Co. and the Champion Copper Co., and later as president of the Ojibway Mining Co. In 1903, the two-story Hubbard House was built for him at 31 Hubbard Avenue in Painesdale, Michigan, though he only lived there for two years. In 1905, he was appointed to the Board of Control of the Michigan College of Mines, a post he held until 1917. In 1910, he was appointed to the Board of Regents of the University of Michigan, and was elected in 1911 and each year afterward until 1933.
In his later years, Hubbard was a snowbird, living in Florida during the winter and Michigan's Keweenaw Peninsula in summer. On August 3, 1933, Hubbard died in Eagle Harbor, Michigan.
Hubbard collected a large library of Americana, portions of which were sold in 1914 and 1935.
# Otto Barth (general)

Otto Barth (18 June 1891 – 3 May 1963) was a German general in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded several divisions. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.
Barth surrendered to the Red Army in the Courland Pocket at the end of the war. Convicted as a war criminal in the Soviet Union, he was held until 1955.

## Awards and decorations

* German Cross in Gold on 9 October 1942 as Oberst in Artillerie-Regiment 117
* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 8 May 1943 as Oberst and commander of Artillerie-Regiment 117
# Macedonica

Macedonica is a genus of gastropods belonging to the family Clausiliidae.
The species of this genus are found in the Balkans.
Species:
* Macedonica brabeneci H.Nordsieck, 1977
* Macedonica dobrostanica Irikov, 2012
* Macedonica frauenfeldi (Rossmässler, 1856)
* Macedonica guicciardii (J.R.Roth, 1856)
* Macedonica hartmuti Irikov, 2003
* Macedonica macedonica (Rossmässler, 1839)
* Macedonica marginata (Rossmässler, 1835)
* Macedonica martae Sajó, 1968
* Macedonica pindica E.Gittenberger, 2002
* Macedonica pinteri Sajó, 1968
* Macedonica pirinensis S.H.F.Jaeckel, 1954
* Macedonica pirotana (Pavlović, 1912)
* Macedonica schatzmayri (A.J.Wagner, 1914)
* Macedonica slavica H.Nordsieck, 1974
* Macedonica teodorae Irikov, 2006
* Macedonica thasia H.Nordsieck, 1977
* Macedonica ypsilon H.Nordsieck, 1977
* Macedonica zilchi Urbański, 1972
# Bacabal

Bacabal is a city in Maranhão, Brazil. It is located approximately 250 km south of the state capital São Luís. The city proper has a population of 104,633 (IBGE 2018 estimate). It is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Bacabal.
The municipality contains a small part of the Baixada Maranhense Environmental Protection Area, a 1,775,035.6 hectares (4,386,208 acres) sustainable use conservation unit created in 1991 that has been a Ramsar Site since 2000.

## Climate

Climate data for Bacabal (1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 32.7 (90.9) | 32.4 (90.3) | 32.3 (90.1) | 32.3 (90.1) | 32.7 (90.9) | 32.7 (90.9) | 33.1 (91.6) | 34.7 (94.5) | 36.1 (97.0) | 36.2 (97.2) | 35.6 (96.1) | 34.4 (93.9) | 33.8 (92.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 27.2 (81.0) | 26.9 (80.4) | 26.8 (80.2) | 27.3 (81.1) | 27.2 (81.0) | 27.1 (80.8) | 27.3 (81.1) | 28.0 (82.4) | 28.9 (84.0) | 29.1 (84.4) | 28.9 (84.0) | 28.3 (82.9) | 27.8 (82.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22.8 (73.0) | 23.2 (73.8) | 23.4 (74.1) | 23.6 (74.5) | 23.8 (74.8) | 22.9 (73.2) | 22.3 (72.1) | 22.6 (72.7) | 23.1 (73.6) | 23.5 (74.3) | 23.8 (74.8) | 23.5 (74.3) | 23.2 (73.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 263.8 (10.39) | 263.8 (10.39) | 390.4 (15.37) | 358.4 (14.11) | 195.0 (7.68) | 54.6 (2.15) | 17.9 (0.70) | 14.6 (0.57) | 10.6 (0.42) | 35.4 (1.39) | 67.8 (2.67) | 135.3 (5.33) | 1,807.6 (71.17) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 16 | 16 | 21 | 20 | 13 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 115 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 82.0 | 83.7 | 84.8 | 85.1 | 80.8 | 76.9 | 73.4 | 68.3 | 65.5 | 66.4 | 68.5 | 74.8 | 75.9 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 155.4 | 138.4 | 140.6 | 148.6 | 199.1 | 241.3 | 262.1 | 272.3 | 241.2 | 214.5 | 186.4 | 176.9 | 2,376.8 |
| Source: Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia ||||||||||||||
# Chyingtaw

Chyingtaw is a village in north-eastern Burma. It is located in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State.
# Martin Powell (actor)

Martin Powell was an English stage actor of the seventeenth century. Powell was a member of the King's Company from 1669 onwards at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in London. He was one of several actors who briefly left for Scotland in 1678 after a dispute with the management, before returning to Drury Lane. In 1682 he joined the merged United Company. Billed throughout his career as Mr. Powell, some of his later appearances can be confused with those of his son George Powell.
In 1675 along with John Coysh he appeared in a private production of John Dryden's The Indian Emperour staged by the Duchess of Portsmouth and an otherwise amateur cast.

## Selected roles

* Gomel in The Conquest of Granada by John Dryden (1670)
* Larasco in The Spanish Rogue by Thomas Duffet (1673)
* Furfante in The Amorous Old Woman by Thomas Duffett (1674)
* Mirmilon in Nero by Nathaniel Lee (1674)
* Proveditor in Love in the Dark by Francis Fane (1675)
* Costard in Psyche Debauched by Thomas Duffet (1675)
* Leander in Gloriana by Nathaniel Lee (1676)
* Mr William in The Country Innocence by John Leanerd (1677)
* Philip in The Rival Queens by Nathaniel Lee (1677)
* Vanlore in Wits Led by the Nose by William Chamberlayne (1677)
* Sir Arthur Twilight in The Rambling Justice by John Leanerd (1678)
* Andravar in Mithridates, King of Pontus by Nathaniel Lee (1678)
* Nonsuch in The Man of Newmarket by Edward Howard (1678)
* Sir Peregreen in Trick for Trick by Thomas D'Urfey (1678)
* Whigg in Sir Barnaby Whigg by Thomas D'Urfey (1681)
* Trebellius in Sophonisba by Nathaniel Lee (1681)
* Bakam in The Island Princess by Nahum Tate (1687)
* Usher in A Fool's Preferment by Thomas D'Urfey (1688)
* Attorney in The Squire of Alsatia by Thomas Shadwell (1688)
# Balcon

Balcon is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Isabella Dal Balcon (born 1977), Italian snowboarder
* Jill Balcon (1925–2009), English actress
* Michael Balcon (1896–1977), English film producer
# Hellshire Beach

Hellshire Beach, Jamaica, is located near Portmore, and famed for its fried fish and safe swimming. It has near white sands with a very small trace of black sand. Exposed when there is a sea running to the south, the waters close to shore are often quite cloudy due to the stirred up sand.
It is a popular public beach conveniently located for the residents of Portmore and weekend visitors from Kingston.

## Runaway community

Once called "Healthshire" due to its reputation as a health retreat its name has since evolved into "Hellshire" though both pronunciations are technically correct.
In the early nineteenth century, colonial records describe hundreds of runaway slaves escaping to "Healthshire" where they flourished for several years as a community of Free black people in Jamaica before they were captured by a party of Jamaican Maroons.

## Paid entry section

There is a section with life guards and a buoyed off swimming area approximately 200 m long. It has changing/showering facilities which are kept fairly clean. This has a number of tables and benches in the shade of grapenut trees and there is a fish restaurant and bar.

## Free section

Further to the west there is a free entry to the beach and here there are a large number of fried fish and other stalls.
# Gutter cleaner

The common usage of the word is referenced to the several different types of equipment that are used to clean the gutter and sewage systems on a community or industrial level.
Gutter cleaner may also refer to:
* Detergent, made to clean pipes
* Pipe cleaner, a short stiff cotton rod to clean a smoker's pipe, but commonly used to dislodge waste in household pipes
* Gully emptier, a person or machine that cleans gullies or gutters
* Street sweeper, a person or machine that sweeps gullies or gutters

## Sports

* Wicket-keeper, in cricket
* A slang term for the person who does groundskeeping in bowls and cricket, lawn tennis and athletics
# Macintosh IIvi

The Macintosh IIvi (also sold as the Macintosh Performa 600) is a personal computer designed, manufactured, and sold by Apple Computer from September 1992 to February 1993. The IIvi was introduced alongside the Macintosh IIvx, using a slower Motorola 68030 processor (16 MHz vs. 32 MHz) and no floating point unit or RAM cache. The Performa 600 models, meanwhile, are the IIvi with the IIvx's 32 MHz CPU. The IIvi was, on some benchmarks, faster than the IIvx. It is the only model in the Macintosh II family to be branded as a Performa.
This model was discontinued four months after its introduction, when the Centris 650 was introduced at a similar price point.

## Models

All models include three NuBus slots and a Processor Direct Slot (PDS).
The Performa 600 models were formally introduced on September 14; shipments were delayed until October to coincide with the introduction of the IIvi and IIvx.
Introduced September 14, 1992:
* Macintosh Performa 600: 32 MHz 68030, 4 or 5 MB RAM, 512 KB VRAM, 160 MB HDD. Shipped with the Apple Extended Keyboard II and a microphone.
* Macintosh Performa 600CD: 5 MB RAM, 1MB VRAM, 160 MB HDD, 2× AppleCD CD-ROM. Shipped with the Apple Extended Keyboard II and a microphone.
Introduced October 19, 1992:
* Macintosh IIvi: 16 MHz 68030. Sold in South America, Europe, and Japan, but not the United States. Could be configured with 40, 80, 160 or 400 MB HDD.

## Timelines

* Timeline of Macintosh II family models vte
* Timeline of Macintosh Centris, LC, Performa, and Quadra models, colored by CPU type vte
* See also: List of Mac models
# 2-(2-(4-Methyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)propyl)cyclopentanone

2-[2-(4-Methyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)propyl]cyclopentanone (trade name by Givaudan: Nectaryl) is an organic compound belonging to the group of ketones and cycloalkanes. The compound is used as a fragrance.

## Synthesis

The synthesis of the compound is carried out by a radical addition of cyclopentanone to (+)-limonene under oxygen in acetic acid. As a catalyst, manganese(II) acetate and cobalt(II) acetate are used.

## Properties

The flash point of the compound is 162.5 °C, and the autoignition temperature is 294 °C. The specific rotation is reported to be [α]$_D$$^{20}$=+228–235° (1 M; chloroform)
In general, the compound features a fruity apricot-like odor. Of the four stereo isomers, (2R,2′S,1′′R)-Nectaryl and (2R,2′R,1′′R)-Nectaryl contribute especially to the compound's odor, the odor detection threshold lies at 0.094 ng·l$^{−1}$ and 0.112 ng·l$^{−1}$, respectively. In contrast to that, the other stereo isomers show an unspecific fruity odor, the odor detection threshold are 11.2 ng·l$^{−1}$ and 14.9 ng·l$^{−1}$ which is much higher.
The tenacity on blotter, the time during which the compound is smellable with unchanged characteristics,$^{:51}$ is reported to be three weeks.$^{:52}$

## Uses

The substance is used as a fragrance in exemplary air conditioning products, perfumes and polishes.

## Literature

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Record of 2-[2-(4-Methyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)propyl]cyclopentanon in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, accessed on 3. April 2019.
* 1 2 3 Elisabetta Brenna; Claudio Fuganti; Francesco G. Gatti; Luciana Malpezzi; Stefano Serra (2008). "Synthesis and olfactory evaluation of all stereoisomers of the fragrance Nectaryl". Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 19 (7): 800–807. doi:10.1016/j.tetasy.2008.03.011.
* ↑ John C. Leffingwell. "Chirality & Odour Perception". leffingwell.com. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
* 1 2 Wolfgang Legrum (2015). "3". Riechstoffe, zwischen Gestank und Duft (in German) (2 ed.). Springer. pp. 51–52. ISBN 978-3-658-07310-7.
* ↑ ECHA (ed.). "2-(2-(4-methyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)propyl)cyclopentanone". Retrieved 2019-04-03.
# Steve Cash

Stephen Douglas Cash (May 5, 1946 – October 13, 2019) was an American musician, most notable as a founding and continual member of the rock band The Ozark Mountain Daredevils.

## Biography

Born in Springfield, Missouri, Cash received his undergraduate education at the University of Missouri, where he was a member of the Zeta Phi chapter of Beta Theta Pi. He was a founding member of the Ozark Mountain Daredevils and, with the exception of a brief period away from the band in the early-1980s, remained an active member for over forty years.
In later years, Cash became a published author with his Meq trilogy (The Meq, Time Dancers and The Remembering).
Cash died on October 13, 2019.
# Hasbey, Palu

Hasbey (Kurdish: Xasbeg) is a village in the Palu District of Elazığ Province in Turkey. Its population is 52 (2021).
# 1998 Afro-Asian Club Championship

The 1998 Afro-Asian Club Championship, was the 11th and the last Afro-Asian Club Championship competition endorsed by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) and Asian Football Confederation (AFC), contested between the winners of the CAF Champions League and the Asian Club Championship.
The final was contested in two-legged home-and-away format between Korean team Pohang Steelers the 1997–98 Asian Club Championship winner, and the Moroccan side Raja CA, the 1997 CAF Champions League winner, The first leg was hosted by Pohang Steelers at the Pohang Steel Yard in Pohang in November 1998, while the second leg was hosted by Raja CA at Stade Mohamed V in Casablanca in December 1998.
Aggregate was 3–2 for Raja CA.

## Teams

| Team | Qualification | Previous participation |
| Pohang Steelers | 1997–98 Asian Club Championship winner | 1997 |
| Raja CA | 1997 CAF Champions League winner | None |

## Winner

* 1998 Afro-Asian Club Championship winners
* Raja CA First title