OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# German minesweeper M-1

German minesweeper M-1 was a M 1935-class minesweeper of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine in World War II.

## History

Laid down in 1936, M-1 was launched on 5 March 1937. Commissioned on 1 September 1938 under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Hans Bartels, she was used to transfer the Marinestosstruppkompanie to the battleship Schleswig-Holstein on 24 August 1939 in preparation for the Invasion of Poland. After service in the campaign, M-1 was relocated to the North Sea.
In February 1940, M-1 sank four Esbjerg fish trawlers, Ejjam (E 92), Gerlis (E 456), Merkator (348), and Polaris (E 504), killing all 16 crew members. Bartels later justified his decision with military necessity, as the neutral fishermen allegedly send coded messages to alert British forces to his presence on the Doggerbank.
After the German attack on the Soviet Union, M-1 was part of the naval component of Operation Siegfried, the occupation of the islands Dagö, Ösel, and Moon. Soon afterwards, M-1 became flotilla leader of 55. Vorpostenflottille operating on the west coast of occupied Norway.
On 12 January 1945, M-1 was sunk in Nordbyfjord, near Bergen in Norway, by Avro Lancaster aircraft of 9 and 617 Squadrons, Royal Air Force, using Tallboy bombs. She sank with the loss of 20 crew members. The wreck lies in 340 metres (1,120 ft) of water, partly covered in sand.
# Nidhuradin

Nighuradin is a village development committee in the Himalayas of Taplejung District in the Province No. 1 of north-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 2,501 people living in 511 individual households. There were 1,117 males and 1,384 females at the time of census.
# Nicolò Arrighetti

Nicolò Arrighetti (17 March 1709 – 31 January 1767) was an Italian professor of natural philosophy. He was born in Florence, Italy in 1709. On 21 October 1724 he became a member of the Society of Jesus; he taught natural philosophy in Spoleto, Prato and Siena. He died in 1767.
His surviving works include treatises on theories of light, heat and electricity and on the causes of the movement of mercury in barometers.
# Niedergörsdorf

Niedergörsdorf is a municipality in the Teltow-Fläming district of Brandenburg, Germany.

## Demography

* Development of Population since 1875 within the Current Boundaries (Blue Line: Population; Dotted Line: Comparison to Population Development of Brandenburg state; Grey Background: Time of Nazi rule; Red Background: Time of Communist rule)
* Recent Population Development and Projections (Population Development before Census 2011 (blue line); Recent Population Development according to the Census in Germany in 2011 (blue bordered line); Projections by the Brandenburg state for 2005-2030 (yellow line); for 2017-2030 (scarlet line), for 2020-2030 (green line)
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1875 | 4,915 | — |
| 1890 | 5,209 | +0.39% |
| 1910 | 5,697 | +0.45% |
| 1925 | 5,985 | +0.33% |
| 1939 | 10,538 | +4.12% |
| 1950 | 10,103 | −0.38% |
| 1964 | 7,883 | −1.76% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1971 | 7,816 | −0.12% |
| 1981 | 7,092 | −0.97% |
| 1985 | 7,141 | +0.17% |
| 1990 | 6,847 | −0.84% |
| 1995 | 7,450 | +1.70% |
| 2000 | 7,404 | −0.12% |
| 2005 | 6,854 | −1.53% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 2010 | 6,285 | −1.72% |
| 2015 | 6,084 | −0.65% |
| 2016 | 6,105 | +0.35% |
| 2017 | 6,123 | +0.29% |
| 2018 | 6,200 | +1.26% |
| 2019 | 6,209 | +0.15% |
| 2020 | 6,141 | −1.10% |

## Photo gallery

* Churches
* Blönsdorf
* Mellnsdorf
* Seehausen
# Niederglatt railway station

Niederglatt is a railway station in the Swiss canton of Zurich and municipality of Niederglatt. It is located on the Bülach branch of the Bülach-Regensberg Railway and served by Zurich S-Bahn line S9.
Niederglatt was the junction for the former Niederglatt-Otelfingen railway line, which once connected with Otelfingen station on the Furttal line but closed to through trains in 1937. The first 6.5 kilometres (4.0 mi) of the line, from Niederglatt as far as the Tanklager Mettmenhasli, has been retained as a siding, and joins the main line just to the south of the station.
# Gertrude Contemporary Art Spaces

Gertrude Contemporary is a contemporary art complex located in Melbourne, Australia.
The organisation was founded in 1985 and is located at 21-31 High St, Preston South. It also has a satellite exhibition space, Gertrude Glasshouse, at 44 Glasshouse Rd, Collingwood. The gallery was previously located in the suburb of Fitzroy.
Gertrude Contemporary's programs include exhibitions across the two gallery sites, studio residencies for local and international artists and education and public programs. The Gertrude Contemporary Studio Program hosts 16 artists for a period of two years.
The current Co-Directors of Gertrude Contemporary are Mark Feary, Artistic Director, and Tracy Burgess, Executive Director. Previous Directors of the organisation are Alexie Glass-Kantor, Emma Crimmings, Louise Neri, Rose Lang, Max Delany and Samantha Comte.

## History

Gertrude Contemporary was established in 1983 as series of artist studios at 200 Gertrude Street, Fitzroy in a converted textiles factory. In 1985 it led the way as Australia’s first combined gallery and studio complex, a model it continues to operate today. First established under the name of 200 Gertrude Street, from the outset the organisation was dedicated to the production and presentation of experimental and contemporary art.
In July 2017, Gertrude Contemporary relocated its primary venue to 21-31 High Street, Preston South, converting a furniture warehouse into a combined studio and gallery complex. Gertrude Glasshouse, the organisation's satellite venue, opened at 44 Glasshouse Road, Collingwood, in 2015.
# Gertrude I. Johnson

Gertrude I. Johnson (1876-1961) was a college-educated American teacher and co-founder of Johnson & Wales Business School.

## Biography

Gertrude Irene Johnson was born in Norristown, Pennsylvania in 1876. She attended Pennsylvania State Normal School (now Millersville University of Pennsylvania) in Millersville, Pennsylvania, graduating 1895.
After receiving a master's degree in 1897, Johnson taught in public schools, then worked in a bank for five years, before returning to teaching at Bryant and Stratton Business School in Providence, Rhode Island (now Bryant University). It was there she teamed up with her old Pennsylvania Normal School classmate Mary T. Wales, who was also teaching at Bryant, to found their own business school.

## School founder

In 1914, with fellow teacher Mary T. Wales, she co-founded Johnson & Wales Business School in Providence, Rhode Island. It has grown into the present-day Johnson & Wales University, with two campuses in the United States.

## Retirement and death

With Mary in poor health, the two women sold the business school in June 1947 and retired together in Warwick, Rhode Island. Mary died of cancer in 1952. After Mary's death, Gertrude returned to her hometown of Norristown, Pennsylvania and died there in 1961.
# Nieuwpoort

Nieuwpoort is the name of:
* Nieuwpoort, Belgium, a town in Belgium
** Battle of Nieuwpoort (1600)
* Nieuwpoort, Curaçao, a village and tourist resort in Curaçao
* Nieuwpoort, South Holland, a town in South Holland

## People with the surname

* Lars Nieuwpoort (born 1994), Dutch footballer
* Sven Nieuwpoort (born 1993), Dutch footballer
# Nieuwpoort, South Holland

Nieuwpoort is a tiny city in the Netherlands in the municipality of Molenlanden. The place was given city rights in 1283.
In 2001, the city of Nieuwpoort had 619 inhabitants. The built-up area of the city was 0.092 km², and contained 230 residences. The statistical area "Nieuwpoort", which also can include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 1370 (2006).

## History

In the 13th century, the current location of the Nieuwpoort fortress was created by Lord Van Liesveld and Lord Van Langerack. The two lords wanted a settlement and in 1270, they both gave some of their property to make this happen. In 1283, the fortress was given town privileges.
After a turbulent beginning, with many sieges and devastation, more peaceful times eventually arrived in the 17th century. The city ramparts saved the city from floods in 1809 and 1820. Due to an economical crisis in the 1930s and World War II, the town decayed. In 1970, the Provincial States of South Holland initiated a reconstruction and restoration of the fortress and the town. This work was finished in 1998.
Nieuwpoort was a separate municipality until 1986, when it became part of Liesveld, and then became part of Molenwaard in 2013.
# Niel Immelman

Niel Immelman (13 August 1944 – 7 June 2023) was a South African classical pianist resident in the UK. He grew up in Jacobsdal and later in Bloemfontein.
Immelman first received piano lessons from his mother Nettie Immelman. He subsequently studied at the Royal College of Music (RCM) with Cyril Smith. He was also a pupil of Ilona Kabos, Lamar Crowson, and Maria Curcio. Whilst still a student at the Royal College of Music, Bernard Haitink invited him to perform Rachmaninoff's Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini with the London Philharmonic Orchestra, as his professional debut.
Immelman made a speciality of Czech piano music, and made commercial recordings of the piano works of Josef Suk and of Vítězslav Novák, for the Meridian label. His four CD recordings of the complete piano works of Suk was the first complete commercial recorded cycle.
Immelman was on the piano faculty of the RCM. He was made a fellow of the RCM in 2000. He served regularly as a jury member in various international piano competitions.
Niel Immelman died of heart failure on 7 June 2023, at the age of 78.
# Azurophilic granule

An azurophilic granule is a cellular object readily stainable with a Romanowsky stain. In white blood cells and hyperchromatin, staining imparts a burgundy or merlot coloration. Neutrophils in particular are known for containing azurophils loaded with a wide variety of anti-microbial defensins that fuse with phagocytic vacuoles. Azurophils may contain myeloperoxidase, phospholipase A2, acid hydrolases, elastase, defensins, neutral serine proteases, bactericidal permeability-increasing protein, lysozyme, cathepsin G, proteinase 3, and proteoglycans.
Azurophil granules are also known as "primary granules".
Furthermore, the term "azurophils" may refer to a unique type of cells, identified only in reptiles. These cells are similar in size to so-called heterophils with abundant cytoplasm that is finely to coarsely granular and may sometimes contain vacuoles. Granules may impart a purplish hue to the cytoplasm, particularly to the outer region. Occasionally, azurophils are observed with vacuolated cytoplasm.
# Niihama National College of Technology

The Niihama National College of Technology (新居浜工業高等専門学校, Niihama kōgyō kōtō senmon gakkō) is a technology college in Niihama, Ehime, Japan. Established in 1962, it combines high school and college into a five-year course.
The college offers undergraduate courses in Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Information Science, Electronic Control Engineering, Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, and Environmental Materials Engineering, as well as three advanced engineering courses.
# Germany–Somaliland relations

Germany and Somaliland do not have formal diplomatic relations but have maintained informal contact. Germany recognizes the region of Somaliland as part of Somalia.

## History

In 2002, Germany considered recognising Somaliland and establishing a military base in the country. They did not do so and the naval base was instead established in Djibouti. German naval ships already operated from Berbera. In September 2012, at the mini-summit on Somalia on the margins of the United Nations General Assembly, the German government re-affirmed its continued support for Somalia's government, territorial integrity and sovereignty. In 2019, the German ambassador to Kenya and Somalia visited Hargeisa and met with Muse Bihi Abdi.
# Upcher's warbler

Upcher's warbler (Hippolais languida) is an Old World warbler in the tree warbler genus Hippolais. It breeds in an area from Turkey south and east to Pakistan. It is migratory, wintering in eastern Africa, from Eritrea and Somalia south to Tanzania.
This small passerine bird is a species found in semi-desert habitats, frequenting bushy scrub and thickets of tamarisk. Four or five eggs are laid in a nest in bushes and low trees.
This is a medium-sized warbler, similar in size to the icterine warbler, with a slightly longer bill and shorter wings and a longer tail. Its frequent tail movement is reminiscent of a Sylvia warbler or a chat. Its rather grey plumage is similar to the olivaceous warbler, but tail movements are diagnostic.
It feeds on invertebrates. Its song is similar to that of other Hippolais warblers, but distinctive and unmistakable, and entirely different from that of the olivaceous warbler. Ehrenberg's original description of this bird was 'rather vague' and it was redescribed by Henry Baker Tristram in 1864, naming it Hippolais upcheri after his friend Henry Morris Upcher. This is the origin of the bird's common name.
# Auwers (crater)

Auwers is a small lunar impact crater located in the Montes Haemus mountain range at the south edge of Mare Serenitatis. It is named after German astronomer Arthur Auwers. It lies southeast of the crater Menelaus. The irregular rim of Auwers has a gap at the north-northwest edge, which allowed lava flows to reach the crater floor and flood the interior.

## Satellite craters

By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Auwers.
| Auwers | Latitude | Longitude | Diameter |
| A | 13.8° N | 18.3° E | 8 km |
# St. Joseph Central High School

St. Joseph Central High School may refer to:
* Central High School (St. Joseph, Missouri)
* St. Joseph Central Catholic High School in Huntington, West Virginia
* St. Joseph Central High School (Pittsfield, Massachusetts)
* Saint Joseph Central Catholic High School (Fremont, Ohio)
* Saint Joseph Central High School (Ironton, Ohio)
# National Publishing Company

National Publishing Company is a historic book publisher in the United States. It was established in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, by Joshua R. Jones. In 1878 the business had a five-storey building constructed for its headquarters at 726 Cherry Street in Philadelphia. The publisher produced bibles, books of maps, encyclopedias and other books. It expanded with offices opening up in Chicago, St. Louis and Australia.
Attorney Charles A. Hawkins was Jones' nephew and helped the Jones family publishing empire expand.
In 1899, John Engwall was appointed President by the board of the National Publishing Company. He was the brother of Victor Theodor Engwall and assisted the company with funding during the late 19th century.
# St John the Baptist's Chapel, Matlock Bath

St John the Baptist's Chapel, Matlock Bath, is a former private chapel in Johns Road, off the A6 road between Matlock Bath and Matlock, Derbyshire, England. The chapel, together with its retaining and attached walls, is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building, and is under the care of the Friends of Friendless Churches.

## History

The chapel was built in 1897 for Mrs Louisa Sophia Harris, and was designed by Guy Dawber; it was the only church designed by Dawber. Since being declared redundant it has been taken into the care of the charity, the Friends of Friendless Churches, to whom the freehold was conveyed on 15 March 2002. Since taking it over, the charity has arranged repairs, including rebuilding the gates and cleaning and repairing the chandeliers.

## Architecture

The chapel is constructed in rubble carboniferous limestone with ashlar gritstone dressings. Its plan consists of a single cell. On its south side is a bell turret with a lead-covered pyramidal roof. Also on the south side is an oriel window with mullioned lights. The chapel is entered through a west doorway in a porch that is continued round the north side to form a covered walkway. The internal fittings are in Arts and Crafts style. The decorated barrel-vaulted plastered ceiling was designed by George Bankart, the stained glass at the east end by Louis Davis, and the painted altarpiece by John Cooke. Dawber designed the perpendicular style rood screen, and probably the pulpit, pews, choir stalls and light fittings.
# Natrix maura

The viperine water snake or viperine snake (Natrix maura) is a semiaquatic, fish-eating natricine water snake. Despite its common names, it is not a member of the subfamily Viperinae. It was given its common names due to exhibiting a dorsal colour pattern that superficially resembles that of sympatric adder species. In comparison to other Natrix species its head is also somewhat wider and more distinct from the neck. Like most members of the Natricinae it possesses a venom gland on each side of the upper jaw (Duvernoy's gland) that produces a mild venom that may play a role in swallowing or digestion. The gland is not associated with an enlarged specialized tooth and the venom has to be applied by chewing. The species usually does not bite as a means of defense, and the effect of a bite would be harmless to humans.

## Behaviour

The viperine snake looks like an adder and occasionally behaves like one. It is known to strike like an adder, but not to bite. It spends most of its time in water hunting fish, frogs and other aquatic animals. The species is diurnal.

## Geographic range

The viperine snake is found in southwestern Europe and northwestern Africa. Specifically, N. maura is found in the European countries of Portugal, Spain, Andorra, France, northwestern Italy, and Switzerland. It has spread to areas of England, as well. It is found in African countries of Morocco, northern Algeria, northwestern Libya, and northern to central Tunisia. It was introduced to Mallorca in the Baleares (not indicated on the distribution map).

## Description

N. maura is grey, brown, or reddish dorsally, with a black zigzag vertebral stripe, and lateral series of black ocelli with yellow centers. The labials are yellow with black sutures. It has a diagonal dark band on each temple, and another behind it on each side of the neck. Ventrally, it is yellow or red, checkered with black, or all black. The strongly keeled dorsal scales are arranged in 21 rows. The ventrals are 147–160; the anal plate is divided; and the paired subcaudals number 47–72. Adults may attain a total length of 85 cm (33 inches), with a tail 17 cm (7 inches) long.

## Habitat

The viperine snake is found in rivers and lakes, and has also been recorded from areas of brackish water.

## Invasion

The species is invasive on Mallorca. N. maura predates on Pelophylax perezi among other prey on Mallorca. Research by Moore et al. 2004 suggests trophic subsidy provided by P. perezi is maintaining higher numbers of the invader than would otherwise occur. N. maura has altered the behavior of Mallorcan prey. Moore et al. 2004 found that the higher numbers mentioned above are allowing the invader to exert such high pressure that prey species such as the Majorcan midwife toad (Alytes muletensis) have retreated entirely to habitats too steep for N. maura.
# Unlearn

Unlearn may refer to:
* Unlearn (album), and its title track by Griffen Palmer, 2023
* Unlearn, an album and its title track by the band Psykosonik
* Unlearn, an album by Youngblood Brass Band
* "Unlearn", a song by Reks from his album REBELutionary
# St. Vincent of Paul Catholic Church

St. Vincent of Paul Catholic Church is a historic Roman Catholic church located at Cape Vincent in Jefferson County, New York, under the authority of the Diocese of Ogdensburg.

## Description

Built in 1858, the church is a stone Gothic Revival-style structure consisting of two gabled limestone sections: a one-story rectangular main block and an attached modern side wing. It features a three-stage tower with a limestone base, a wood midsection, and a domed cupola topped by a round finial and simple cross.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
# St Peter's Church, Boughton Monchelsea

St Peter's Church is a parish church in Boughton Monchelsea, Kent. It is a Grade II* listed building.

## Building

The church is mostly built of ragstone.
The lychgate in the churchyard dates from 1470, and is Grade II* listed independently of the church.

## History

St Peter's Church was damaged by fire in 1832.
# Trimstone

Trimstone is a small hamlet and manor in North Devon, England. It is a quiet, agricultural location, which is best known for its Manor house, which dates from the 11th century, with buildings on the site being present from the writing of the Domesday Book, and which is now a hotel.
The place-name, which is first documented as Trempelstan in 1238, is partly unexplained, but it may refer to a stone used as a stile.
# Under-18 athletics

Youth is a category of athletics in which athletes compete under the age of 18 years. Countries all around the world compete in athletics. World Youth Athletics Competitions are held every 2 years which contain the best Youth competitors in the world.

## Description and development

The principle behind the category is to introduce young people into athletics. Participators in the competitions in this class may be athletes who have not completed their eighteenth year on 31 December of the year the competition occurs.

## Competitions
### Championships

* IAAF World U18 Championships, organized by the IAAF every 2 years
* European Athletics U18 Championships, organized by the EAA every 2 years
* African Youth Athletics Championships
* Asian U18 Athletics Championships
* NACAC U18 Championships in Athletics
* Oceania U18 Athletics Championships, organized by the OAA every 2 years
* Central American and Caribbean Youth Championships in Athletics (discontinued)
* Pan American Youth Athletics Championships (discontinued)

### Games

* Youth Olympic Games
* European Youth Olympic Festival
* African Youth Games
* Asian Youth Games
# Arbach (Neckar)

Arbach is a river of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is a left tributary of the Neckar near Hirschau.
# Auve

Auve (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Marne department in northeastern France. The source of the river Auve is in the commune.

## Notable people

* Marie Poterlet (1811–1889) wallpaper designer.
# Somatidia terrestris

Somatidia terrestris is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Broun in 1880. It contains the varietas Somatidia terrestris var. fuscata.
# Urban Gonnoud

Brother Urban Gonnoud, OSF (February 17, 1920 – March 3, 1990) was an American academic. From 1958 to 1969, Gonnoud served as the 15th President of St. Francis College in Brooklyn, New York. Brother Gonnoud earned his bachelor's degree from St. Francis College in 1942 and his master's degree and his Ph.D. in American History from St. John's University. Brother Gonnoud also received a masters of business administration from New York University in 1958.
Prior to becoming President of St. Francis College he taught at several high schools in Brooklyn and Long Island, including St. Anthony's, St. Francis Prep and St. Francis Xavier. Brother Gonnoud had taken his perpetual vows in the Franciscan Order in 1942 and had served in many capacities, including assistant superior general.

## St. Francis College

Brother Gonnoud was a member of the Order of St. Francis and a former teacher and president of St. Francis College in Brooklyn. Brother Gonnoud became the 15th President in St. Francis College history in 1958. Under his guidance, the college began a two-phase multimillion-dollar relocation program, moving from the Cobble Hill section of Brooklyn to Brooklyn Heights and the construction of several classroom and residence buildings. Brother Urban Gonnoud resigned in 1969, after 11 years as president. He cited physical and mental exhaustion for his resignation at the age of 49. He continued to teach management courses at the college and was named professor emeritus in 1985. He had served as chief financial officer from 1953 to 1958 and also had previously taught history for the college.