OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# UVR8

UV-B resistance 8 (UVR8) also known as ultraviolet-B receptor UVR8 is an UV-B – sensing protein found in plants and possibly other sources. It is responsible for sensing ultraviolet light in the range 280-315 nm and initiating the plant stress response. It is most sensitive at 285nm, near the lower limit of UVB. UVR8 was first identified as a crucial mediator of a plant's response to UV-B in Arabidopsis thaliana containing a mutation in this protein. This plant was found to have a hypersensitivity to UV-B which damages DNA. UVR8 is thought to be a unique photoreceptor as it doesn't contain a prosthetic chromophore but its light-sensing ability is intrinsic to the molecule. Tryptophan (Trp) residue 285 has been suggested to act the UV-B sensor, while other Trp residues have been also seen to be involved (Trp233 > Trp337 > Trp94) although in-vivo data suggests that Trp285 and Trp233 are most important.

## Evolution

Although the complete genome sequence is only available from a limited number of angiosperms, bioinformatic analysis suggests that there are a large number of UVR8 orthologs. Both number and position of key residues seem to be well conserved among angiosperms but also other plant species (e.g., Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Volvox carteri). The latter implies that UVR8 potentially appeared before the evolutionary split in vascular land plants which would be rational considering that at that time the amount of UV-B radiation that penetrated the earth surface was higher as the ozone layer was not fully developed, hence UV protection and acclimation would be of crucial importance.

## Structure

UVR8 is a β-propeller protein with 7 blade-shaped β-sheets. It shares sequence homology with mammalian proteins involved in regulating chromatin condensation, for example the human RCC1 gene product. In the dark state, UVR8 forms a homodimer that is localized in the cytosol, but UV-B illumination induces the dissociation of UVR8 dimer to its respective monomers and translocation to the nucleus occurs. The dimer is held together via a complex salt bridge network.

## Mechanism

Upon UV-B irradiation, light is absorbed by one or more Trp residues which are situated adjacent to Arg residues which form salt bridges across the dimer interface. It is thought that this light absorption induces the disruption of the salt-bridges and thus leads to the molecule's monomerization. Following monomerization, UVR8 accumulates in the nucleus where it interacts with a protein called constitutively photomorphogenic 1 (COP1). COP1 is known to act as an E3 Ubiquitin ligase that targets key transcription factors for ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation. However, in the case of UVR8, it has been shown to act as a positive regulator of UVR8-mediated UV-B signalling. Upon UV-B illumination, UVR8 interacts via a C-terminal 27 amino acid region with the WD40 domain of COP1 in the nucleus, which triggers the induction of ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) — a key transcription factor for several UV-B responsive genes, and overall results in UV-B acclimation.
# Nakamura

Nakamura may refer to:
* Nakamura (surname), a list of people with the surname
* Nakamura, Kōchi, a former city in Kōchi Prefecture, Japan
* Nakamura-ku, Nagoya, a ward in Nagoya city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan
* Nakamura stable, a stable of sumo wrestlers
* Nakamura Station, a railway station in Shimanto, Kōchi Prefecture, Japan
# Granite Bowl

The Granite Bowl is the off-campus playing venue for the football and soccer sports teams for the Elbert County Blue Devils in Elberton, Georgia, in the United States. It is located between College Avenue and West Church Street and is near the city of Elberton's downtown square. The stadium can hold up to 20,000 people and is made almost entirely out of granite. The Granite Bowl has been listed as an important historic site by the Georgia Trust for Historic Preservation and is considered by many to be the jewel of Elbert County.

## History

Originally, the site of the Granite Bowl was used as a town dump. It was built in 1952 by Athletic Boosters and many of the businesses involved in Elberton's Granite Industry. The stadium was named the Granite Bowl for being made out of over 100,000 tons of blue granite. The only expense in the new stadium came with materials for the press box and concrete. Everything else was volunteered or provided free-of-charge by local businesses. In 1995, the Blue Devils won their one and only football state championship in the Class AA against Washington-Wilkes of Wilkes County, GA. The Blue Devils won the game 27-0 at Washington-Wilkes. In 2003, the stadium celebrated its 50th season since opening in 1952.

## The Scoreboard

The Granite bowl's score board is the same scoreboard that the University of Georgia used in Sanford Stadium. It was the scoreboard that was used before the stadium was enclosed and renovated. This scoreboard is also the same one that was used during Georgia's 1980 national championship season.

## The Spirit Rock

One of the many traditions involved with the Granite Bowl Stadium is touching the spirit rock atop the closed end of the stadium before each game. Hudson Cone, a spokesman for the Granite Association, states that the rock is not from a local source but from Spirit Lake in South Dakota., where legend has it that it was taken from an Indian battlefield.
# Nectophrynoides wendyae

Nectophrynoides wendyae, also known as the Uzungwe Scarp tree toad or Wendy's forest toad, is a terrestrial toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Tanzania and is only known from a single valley in the Udzungwa Mountains. The specific name wendyae honours Wendy Clarke, the describer's wife.

## Description

Nectophrynoides wendyae is a robust-bodied dwarf frog. Adult males can grow to about 18 mm (0.7 in) and adult females to 22 mm (0.9 in) in snout–vent length. The head is longer than it is wide, and the snout is long and pointed. No tympanum is present. The parotoid gland are distinct but low and ridge-like. The finger and the toe tips are pointed. The toes have very reduced webbing. Skin is generally smooth but there are some scattered spines/tubercles. Alcohol-preserved specimens are dorsally tan brown with scattered darker brown specks. The ventral surfaces are mostly light with scattered minute black specks, but the interfemoral region has a large chocolate-brown mark beset with white tubercles.

## Habitat and conservation

Nectophrynoides wendyae occurs in montane rainforest at elevations of 1,500–1,650 m (4,920–5,410 ft) above sea level. It is a leaf-litter dweller; the type series was caught with pitfall traps.
While quite abundant in one tiny part of its range, Nectophrynoides wendyae is listed as critically endangered due to its very restricted distribution (estimated extent of occurrence no more than 15 km$^2$) and ongoing habitat deterioration and loss. It occurs in the Udzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve, but the area is not well protected.
# MS Ravnaas (1930)

MS Ravnaas was a Norwegian cargo ship built in 1931, and sunk by Japanese aircraft in the Pacific Ocean in December 1941.

## Construction

The ship was built by Eriksbergs Mekaniska Verkstads AB in Gothenburg in 1931. She had a length of 107 metres, beam of 15.5 metres, draught of 7.8 metres, and a tonnage of 4,019 tons (6,850 dwt). She was a single deck, steel-hulled ship with oil engines, electric lights and wireless radio.

## Second World War

During the Second World War MS Ravnaas was sailing for Arnt J. Mørland's shipping company Agdesidens Rederi A/S and Nortraship. The ship's captain was Thomas Eilertsen. According to sailing lists archived at the National Archives of Norway, Ravnaas was located at Portland in Oregon, US, at the time of the German invasion of Norway in April 1940. She sailed from Seattle to Shanghai in April/May 1940, from Yokohama to Vancouver in June, then from Vancouver to Durban, where she arrived late August 1940. During 1941 she sailed on the Pacific Ocean, between Asia and America. On 28 November 1941 she departed Calcutta, heading for San Francisco.

### Sinking, and fate of crew

In the morning of 8 December 1941, on its way from Calcutta to San Francisco, the ship was sunk by Japanese aircraft 250 nmi east of Samar Island, about the same time as the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. All 28 crew members escaped in lifeboats and after three days the boats reached the city of Surigao on the island of Mindanao, Philippines. Within the next few days the crew were brought to the city of Cebu on the Cebu Island. Two of the crew members, Brynjolv Baardson and Jens Kristian Jensen, volunteered to join the American army early in January 1942. After the Japanese invasion of the Cebu Island in April 1942, the crew members hid in the jungle, but in May 1942, 24 of the men surrendered and were interned in Japanese camps, such as the Santo Tomas Internment Camp in Manila, in Los Baños. Four of the men did not surrender, but kept hiding in the jungle, and eventually joined guerillas. Eight of the crew members were rescued after the Raid at Los Baños in 1945. Nineteen of the Ravnaas crew were transported with SS Simeon G. Reed to San Francisco, arriving there in May 1945. Baardson and Jensen were freed from the Roku Roshi POW Camp on Honshu after the Japanese surrender in August 1945, along with imprisoned American troops.
In 1981 Brynjolv Baardson published the memoir book Kiotskee! Norsk krigsfange i Japan, with his accounts of the bombing of MS Ravnaas, his service as Lieutenant in the American Army during the Japanese invasion of the Cebu Island, and later experiences in Japanese internment camps.
# Nobody Rides for Free

"Nobody Rides for Free" is a single by the American heavy metal band Ratt. It was originally taken from the Point Break soundtrack.
The song was written several years before its release by songwriter, Steve Caton, who performed it live many times in various Los Angeles and Hollywood clubs with his band Climate of Crisis. Later, after the song was presented to Ratt for the Point Break soundtrack, members Stephen Pearcy, Warren DeMartini, and Juan Croucier made their own changes to it by adding new verse music, a pre-chorus, a new chorus tag and also new lyrics, among other musical and melodic changes. This was Ratt's first single recorded without guitarist Robbin Crosby who left the band the year before due to a drug addiction. The song was played during the ending credits of Point Break.

## Music video

The music video for the song shows the band playing on a beach, intercut with some clips from the 1991 action-thriller Point Break. The band performed surrounded by fires (from the Beach parties in the film) and huge towers with billowing parachute silk (to evoke the sky-diving sequences in the film). It was directed by Alan Carter and produced by Paul Flattery for FYI (Flattery Yukich Inc.).

## Personnel

* Stephen Pearcy – lead vocals
* Warren DeMartini – guitar
* Juan Croucier – bass, backing vocals
* Bobby Blotzer – drums
# Girl in Blue

Girl in Blue is a 2001 novel by Ann Rinaldi. It is a historical fiction that takes place during 1861, during the American Civil War.

## Plot

16-year-old Sarah Louisa Wheelock lives on a farm near a small village in Michigan in the 1860s. Her abusive father wants her to marry an abusive neighbor who has several children. Instead, she runs away to Flint, Michigan to stay with an aunt, and then ships out with the First Union Greys to fight in the Civil War as a man. She ends up working in a hospital as a gopher. She fights in the first Bull Run. After she is discovered to be a girl, she continues to work for the Union-spying on Rose O'Neal Greenhow.

## Reception

This novel takes many of its plot points from the life of Sarah Emma Edmonds.
# Babička Gora

Babička Gora (Бабичка Гора) is a mountain in southern Serbia, near the city of Leskovac. Its highest peak, Kriva Buka, rises 1,059 meters above sea level.
# Avaz Azmoudeh

Avez Azmoudeh is a paralympic athlete from Iran competing mainly in category F54 javelin events.
Avaz competed in three Paralympics, first in 1992 in Barcelona, where, as well as competing in the THW4 discus, he won a silver medal in the javelin. Having missed the 1996 games, he returned in 2000 where he won the gold medal while competing in only the F54 javelin. He made his third appearance in the 2004 Summer Paralympics where he again competed in just the javelin but could only manage bronze
# Biswasghatak

Biswasghatak is a 1974 Bengali novel by Narayan Sanyal based on the events related to the Atomic Bomb under the Manhattan Project.

## Synopsis

The Bengali term biswasghatak literally means 'traitor'. After the end of the Second World War, a scientist, Klaus Fuchs, supplied confidential information to the USSR on his own efforts by averting the ever alert eyes of the United States Government. In the history of mankind this is supposed to be the biggest treason in terms of economic evaluation.
# Ian Todd (alpine skier)

Ian Todd (born 26 June 1947) is a British former alpine skier who competed in the 1968 Winter Olympics.
# Nang Si Eba ay Likhain

Nang Si Eba ay Likhain (When Eve was Created) is a Tagalog-language fictional romantic novel written by Filipino novelist Rosauro Almario in 1913.
# Gladewater Bears

The Gladewater Bears were a minor league baseball team that played in the East Texas League (1936, 1949–1950) and Lone Star League (1948). The team was based in Gladewater, Texas and is the only known professional team to be based in that city.
The squad won two league championships, in 1936 under manager Ed Hock and in 1949 under manager Hal Van Pelt. Major leaguers who played for the team include John Burrows, Vallie Eaves, Hock, L. D. Meyer (who also managed the team), George Milstead, Otho Nitcholas Jennings Poindexter, Jim Reninger and George Washington.
# Granite Canyon

Granite Canyon is located in Grand Teton National Park, in the U. S. state of Wyoming. The canyon was formed by glaciers which retreated at the end of the last glacial maximum approximately 15,000 years ago, leaving behind a U-shaped valley. The canyon lies between Rendezvous Mountain to the south and Mount Hunt to the north. The trailhead for the canyon is on the Moose–Wilson Road about 2 miles (3.2 km) north of Teton Village. One of the most popular hikes from the trailhead is to Marion Lake by way of the Granite Canyon Trail which traverses the length of the canyon. Another popular hike involves riding the aerial tram located at the Jackson Hole Mountain Resort in Teton Village to the top of Rendezvous Mountain, and then descending back to Teton Village by way of Granite Canyon. The descent from the summit of Rendezvous Peak back to Teton Village is an often steep one with an altitude loss of 4,100 feet (1,200 m). The historic Upper Granite Canyon Patrol Cabin is situated near the entrance to the canyon and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.
Granite Canyon is also the original name of one of the most scenic canyons in Colorado located in Lake George, CO. Now known as ElevenMile Canyon, the Colorado Midland Railroad ran through the canyon from 1887 to 1918. Almost a decade after the rails were removed from the canyon, construction of ElevenMile Reservoir Dam started and was completed in 1931. Today, Granite Canyon is more commonly known as ElevenMile Canyon.
# Nan l'Étang

Nan l'Étang is a village in the Cornillon commune of the Croix-des-Bouquets Arrondissement, in the Ouest department of Haiti.
# Chan Yung

Brave Chan Yung, BBS, JP (Chinese: 陳勇, born 24 September 1969) is a Hong Kong pro-Beijing politician. He is the vice-chairman of the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB) and chairman of the New Territories Association of Societies (NTAS). He has been the Hong Kong deputy to the National People's Congress since 2013, and since 2022 he became a member of the Legislative Council, representing the HKSAR Members of NPC and CPPCC, Representatives of National Organisations constituency.

## Career

Chan graduated from the City University of Hong Kong with a Bachelor of Social Work. He later obtained a master's degree from the Chinese University of Hong Kong. He has been a registered social worker and participated in many public services. He has also been appointed to many public positions including the member of the Commission on Youth (2003–2009) and Committee on the Promotion of Civic Education, secretary general of the Hong Kong Celebration Association, vice-president of the Federation of New Territories Youth, member of the North District Fight Crime Committee and member of the Hong Kong Professionals and Senior Executives Association. He was also the Hong Kong member of the 10th All-China Youth Federation, a youth organisation led by the Chinese Communist Party. In 2008, he was appointed to the North District Council.
Pang was elected chairman of the New Territories Association of Societies in April 2011. In 2013, he was elected Hong Kong's Deputy to the 12th National People's Congress (NPC) by just 1,620 voters. During his office in the NPC, he urged the mainland authority to ban convicted parallel-goods traders from visiting Hong Kong on the Individual Visit Scheme for up to several years. In the same year, he was made vice-chairman of the DAB.
In February 2014, he was appointed to the Lantau Development Advisory Committee to roll out a series of proposals to improve its infrastructure before the HK$83 billion Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau bridge opens in 2016. He cited an instruction from National People's Congress chairman Zhang Dejiang to the Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office of the State Council to work with the Hong Kong government and "make plans and assess the city's tourism capacity".
He has been the spokesman of the Alliance for Peace and Democracy, the anti-Occupy Central rally group since 2014. He was also made Justice of the Peace in 2011 and was awarded the Bronze Bauhinia Star in 2014.
In December 2022, Chan tested positive for COVID-19.
In January 2023, Chan supported the government's efforts to enact Article 23, stating "Hong Kong should not take a chance and allow foreign proxies to enter the city."
# Nobuyuki Hoshino

Nobuyuki Hoshino (星野 伸之, Hoshino Nobuyuki, born January 31, 1966 in Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan) is a Japanese former Nippon Professional Baseball pitcher.
# Bithynia majorcina

Bithynia majorcina is a species of small freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusc in the family Bithyniidae.

## Description

Shell yellowish horn-coloured, glossy, with 5.5 whorls, suture shallow, aperture oval rounded at the top, umbilicus slit like. Shell height 7.6-9.5 mm, width 4.9-6.0 mm.

## Distribution

The species is only known from Majorca where it lives on calcareous bottom of consolidate sediments with stones in the Torrent (Mountain stream) Son Jordi, which is the locus typicus, and in the Torrent de Sóller.
# Paraborne Backplane

The Paraborne Backplane is an American paramotor that was designed by Scott Alan and produced by Paraborne Aviation of Kissimmee, Florida for powered paragliding.

## Design and development

As production of the Daiichi Kosho Whisper, for which Paraborne acted as US distributor, came to a close, the company developed its own derivative design, replacing the Daiichi Kosho DK 472 engine with a Hirth powerplant of similar output.
The Backplane was designed to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules. It features a paraglider-style high wing, single-place accommodation and a single 22 hp (16 kW) Hirth F-33 engine in pusher configuration. Original factory canopy options included the Ranger or the Seal designs. As is the case with all paramotors, takeoff and landing is accomplished on foot.
The aircraft was not a commercial success, production was halted and the company went out of business in about 2004.

## Specifications (Backplane)

Data from Cliche
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Wing area: 340 sq ft (32 m$^2$)
* Empty weight: 42 lb (19 kg)
* Gross weight: 260 lb (118 kg)
* Fuel capacity: 3 U.S. gallons (11 L; 2.5 imp gal)
* Powerplant: 1 × Hirth F-33 single cylinder, two-stroke, air-cooled aircraft engine, 22 hp (16 kW)
* Propellers: 3-bladed ground adjustable, carbon fiber
Performance
* Cruise speed: 25 mph (40 km/h, 22 kn)
* Rate of climb: 400 ft/min (2.0 m/s)
# UVSE

UVSE (full name UVSE Water Polo Sports Association) is a professional water polo club from Budapest, Hungary, founded in 2008. It was split off from Újpesti TE, which afterwards folded. They have teams in the men's and women's Hungarian First Division. The women have won the 2014–15 and the 2015–16 competition.
UVSE's request to use the name "Ujpesti Vizilabda (water polo)" to Ujpesti TE sports society was denied.

## Honours (women's team)

* Euroleague
** Runner up (1): 2016
* LEN Trophy
** Champion (2): 2017, 2023
** Runner up (1): 2019
* Hungarian Nationwide Championship (5)
** 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019
* Hungarian Cup (5)
** 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018
# Christian Friedrich Tieck

Christian Friedrich Tieck (14 August 1776 – 24 May 1851), often known only as Friedrich Tieck, was a German sculptor and a occasional artist in oils. His work was primarily figurative and includes both public statuary and private commissions for portrait busts.

## Biography

Tieck was born in Berlin, the third child of a rope-maker living on Rossstrasse (now called Fischerinsel). He was educated at the Friedrichswerder High School in Berlin. In 1789 he began an apprenticeship as a sculptor under Heinrich Bettkober.
From 1795 he was then further trained in sculpture at the Prussian Academy of Art in Berlin under the highly eminent sculptor, Johann Gottfried Schadow, and then trained further with David d'Angers in Paris. In 1801-05 he was employed at Weimar, where he associated with Goethe, and designed his bust, which he afterwards also executed in marble for the Walhalla temple. In 1805 he went to Italy, returning to Germany in 1809, at the invitation of Crown Prince Ludwig of Bavaria. For this patron he executed at Munich and Carrara a large number of busts, including those of the Prince himself, of Schelling, of Alexander von Humboldt, and of his brother Ludwig. In 1819 he began his celebrated series of mythological sculptures for the Royal Theatre at Berlin, and in 1820 he was made professor at the Berlin Academy, designing statues of genii for the National Monument for the Liberation Wars. This work occupied him until 1829, when he began the series for the Berlin Museum, which include the bronze group of “Horse Tamers” upon the roof, and a statue of Karl Friedrich Schinkel in the corridor.
Based on a concept by Schinkel, Tieck created the tomb of General Gerhard von Scharnhorst at Berlin's Invalidenfriedhof in 1822. He also created a bust of Wilhelm Heinrich Wackenroder and a lion made of bronze after a model by Christian Daniel Rauch. Tieck's monument to Nicolaus Copernicus was erected posthumously in Thorn.
Tieck was one of the principal representatives of the school founded by Rauch. His technique, however, was less naturalistic than that of Rauch, and smoother and more detailed in execution.
He died in Berlin in 1851.

## Family

He was brother of Ludwig Tieck and Sophie Tieck.
He married only briefly in 1846 to Marie Caroline Louise Paetsch. The marriage was seen as scandalous as he was 70 and his bride was only 20. However, the marriage seems to have been largely a "marriage of convenience" on his part, as he sought a large dowry and further aid to pay his growing debts. Her parents got the marriage annulled after a few months.

## Gallery

* Tomb of General Gerhard von Scharnhorst
* Monument to Nicolaus Copernicus, sponsored by Leopold Prowe, erected in Thorn (now Toruń) in 1853
* Statue of King Frederick William II of Prussia in Neuruppin

## Sources

* Wilhelm Bernhardi (1894), "Tieck, Christian Friedrich", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 38, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 247–251
* Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Tieck, Christian Friedrich" . New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.