OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Norman Tunna

Norman Tunna GC (29 April 1908 – 4 December 1970), a shunter for the Great Western Railway in Birkenhead was awarded the George Cross in 1941.

## Early life

Tunna was born in Birkenhead on 29 April 1908, the son of Charles and Emily Tunna, his father was a railway porter.

## George Cross award

On 26 September 1940, Tunna was at work at Morpeth Dock, Birkenhead when an air raid commenced. Ignoring the bombing, Tunna continued his work, marshalling a goods train where the main freight being carried was high explosive bombs for use by the Royal Air Force. While making a final inspection of the train before it departed, he came across one wagon laden with 250 pounds (110 kg) bombs alight due to a number of incendiary bombs having landed upon it. Fetching a bucket of water in an attempt to extinguish the fire, he was joined by the engine crew of the train and while they fetched more water, Tunna removed the wagonsheet hoping that this would also drag the incendiaries off the wagon. It did dislodge one but another fell into the wagon between some of the bombs. Tunna climbed into the wagon and prised the incendiary out, throwing it away from the wagon. He then joined the enginemen in pumping water over the wagon until they considered the bombs to have been cooled to a safe temperature.
Tunna's bravery in preventing what would have been a large explosion was rewarded by the award of the George Cross.
He was awarded the medal on 24 January 1941. The citation reads:-
   The KING has been graciously pleased to award the GEORGE CROSS to:-
   Norman Tunna, Shunter, Great Western Railway, Birkenhead.
   Enemy action over Liverpool Port Area resulted in a number of serious fires involving railway and dock warehouse properties. A large number of incendiary bombs fell on and about the goods station and sidings. In the course of these events Shunter Tunna discovered two incendiary bombs burning in a sheeted open wagon, containing 250-lb bombs. With complete disregard for personal risk, Tunna removed the sheet, extinguished the incendiary bombs and removed them from the truck. The top layer of these heavy bombs was hot.
   Tunna's action displayed courage in a very high degree and eliminated the risk of serious explosions, the result of which it would be difficult to measure.

## Memorials

Between 15 November 1982 and July 1996, British Rail named Class 47 locomotive, 47471, after Tunna. The locomotive was named in a ceremony at Liverpool Lime Street railway station.
In September 2010 a plaque was unveiled at Birkenhead Central railway station by Merseyrail on the 70th anniversary of the heroic action.
An older memorial stands in the gardens at Woodside Ferry and Bus terminal, comprising a stone plinth bearing a plaque with the George Cross citation from the London Gazette engraved on it.
# Nematogobius

Nematogobius is a genus of gobies native to the Atlantic coast of Africa.

## Species

There are currently two recognized species in this genus:
* Nematogobius brachynemus Pfaff, 1933
* Nematogobius maindroni (Sauvage, 1880)
# 2003 A3 Champions Cup

The 2003 A3 Champions Cup was first edition of A3 Champions Cup. It was held from February 16 to 22, 2003 in Tokyo, Japan.

## Participants

* Jubilo Iwata – 2002 J. League Champions
* Kashima Antlers – 2002 J. League Cup Winners
* Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma – 2002 K-League Champions
* Dalian Shide – 2002 Chinese Jia-A League Champions

## Group table

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| Kashima Antlers | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 1 | +4 | 7 |
| Dalian Shide | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 6 |
| Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 3 | +1 | 4 |
| Jubilo Iwata | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 5 | −5 | 0 |

### Match Results

All times are Japan Standard Time (JST) – UTC+9

## Awards
### Winners

* A3 Champions Cup 2003 Winners
* Kashima Antlers First title

### Individual awards

| Top Goalscorers | Most Valuable Player |
| Hao Haidong (Dalian Shide) | Yutaka Akita (Kashima Antlers) |

## Goalscorers

| Pos | Player | Team | Goals |
| 1 | Hao Haidong | Dalian Shide | 3 |
| 2 | Shin Tae-Yong | Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma | 2 |
| 3 | Zoran Janković | Dalian Shide | 1 |
| 3 | Wang Sheng | Dalian Shide | 1 |
| 3 | Yutaka Akita | Kashima Antlers | 1 |
| 3 | Euller | Kashima Antlers | 1 |
| 3 | Fernando | Kashima Antlers | 1 |
| 3 | Mitsuo Ogasawara | Kashima Antlers | 1 |
| 3 | Atsushi Yanagisawa | Kashima Antlers | 1 |
| 3 | Saša Drakulić | Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma | 1 |
| 3 | Kim Dae-Eui | Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma | 1 |
# Takydromus hani

Takydromus hani, also known commonly as the green grass lizard, the southeast Asian green grass lizard, and the Vietnamese green grass lizard, is a species of lizard in the family Lacertidae. The species is endemic to Vietnam.

## Etymology

The specific name, hani, is in honor of Taiwanese architect Pao-the Han, who was the first Director of the National Museum of Natural Science in Taiwan.

## Habitat

The preferred natural habitat of T. hani is forest, at altitudes of 200–1,450 m (660–4,760 ft).

## Description

T. hani has the following characteristics: a single postnasal scale, 4 pairs of chin shields, 6 longitudinal rows of dorsal scales between the hind legs, no enlarged scales on sides of body, 8 rows of keeled ventral scales, 7 femoral pores on each side.

## Reproduction

T. hani is oviparous.
# Vagada (Numidia)

Vagada, also known as Vagadensis and Bagatensis, was a town in the Roman-Berber province of Numidia. It was a Roman Catholic diocese.

## Location

Vagada was located in the region of Numidia. It has been tentatively identified with the ruins at El-Aira in the modern Constantine Province, Algeria (36° 19' 3" North, 6° 49' 43" East), situated between what was Cirta and Thibilis. Vagada was known to be on the Magerada River. Epigraphic remains have given the name of the town as Bagatensis.

## Bishopric

Vagada was also the seat of an ancient Roman Catholic bishopric of the Roman province of Numidia. The only known bishop of this diocese from antiquity is Fulgentius, who took part in the Council of Carthage (484) by the Vandal king Huneric, after which Fulgentius was exiled.
The current titular bishop is Bohdan Dzyurakh, curial bishop of major archbishopric of Kyïv-Halyč who succeeded Robert Camilleri Azzopardi in 2004. Other notable bishops include Paul Bouque (28 May 1934 Appointed – 14 Sep 1955) and Denis James Hart (10 Nov 1997 Appointed – 22 Jun 2001).
Known bishops
* Fulgenzio (fl.484)
* Paul Bouque, (1934–1955)
* Joannes Maria Michael Holterman (1956–1958)
* José Lecuona Labandibar(1958–1997)
* Denis James Hart (1997–2001)
* Robert Camilleri Azzopardi (2001–2004)
* Bohdan Dzyurakh (2005–current)
# Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana

The Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana is one of three main campuses of the Autonomous University of Baja California (UABC), located in the Otay Centenario borough of Tijuana, Baja California state, México. It is a public research university.

## Sub-campuses

The Tijuana branch of the Autonomous University of Baja California maintains three sub-campuses in the Municipality of Tijuana, in the towns of:
* Tecate,
* Rosarito Beach
* Valle de las Palmas

## Departments
### Chemistry Sciences and Engineering

Faculty of Chemistry Sciences and Engineering:
* Industrial Chemistry
* Chemistry Engineering
* Engineering on Pharmacobiology
* Engineering on Computer sciences
* Engineering on Electronics
* Industrial Engineering

### Arts

Faculty of Arts:
* Bachelor's degree on Plastic Arts
* Bachelor's degree on Theater

### Humanities and Social Sciences

Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences:
* Bachelor's degree in Hispanic Literature
* Bachelor's degree in History
* Bachelor's degree in Sociology
* Bachelor's degree in Philosophy
* Bachelor's degree in Communication
* Bachelor's degree in Teacher on Literature
* Bachelor's degree in Teacher on Mathematics

### Tourism and Marketing

* Bachelor's degree in Tourism
* Bachelor's degree in Tourism Management
* Bachelor's degree in Marketing

### Architecture and Design

* Bachelor's degree in Architecture
* Bachelor's degree in Graphic Design
* Bachelor's degree in Industrial Design

### Law

* Bachelor's degree in Law

### Modern Languages

* Bachelor's degree in Language Education
* Bachelor's degree in Translation

### Medicine and Psychology

* Bachelor's degree in Medicine
* Bachelor's degree in Psychology
* Bachelor's degree in Nutrition

### Dentistry

* Bachelor's degree in Dental Surgery

### Accounting and Business Administration

* Bachelor's degree in Accounting
* Bachelor's degree in Business Administration
* Bachelor's degree in Information Systems
* Bachelor's degree in International Business
# Billy Kershaw

Billy Kershaw is a professional rugby league footballer who played in the 2000s. He played at club level for Stanley Rangers ARLFC, Dewsbury Rams (two spells), and Sheffield Eagles, as a second-row.
# Bimah Prefecture

Binah is a prefecture located in the Kara Region of Togo. At the time of the 2022 census it had a population of 84,199 people. The prefecture seat is located in Pagouda.
The cantons (or subdivisions) of Binah include Pagouda, Kétao, Pessaré, Lama-Dessi, Boufalé, Solla, Sirka, Kémérida, and Pitikita.

## Towns and villages

Alemande, Aloumboukou, Assire, Boufale, Dewa, Farende, Kadianga, Kagnissi, Kawa, Kemerida, Ketao, Koloum, Konfesse, Koudja, Koukoude, Pagouda, Pessere, Siou Kawa, Sirka, Sola, Solla, Sonde, Tereouda, Tialaide, Tikarè N'Djeï,
# Binghamton Crosbys

The Binghamton Crosbys (commonly referred to as The Crosbys) are a TTBB a cappella group at Binghamton University in Binghamton, New York, USA. They are four-time national championship finalists and won the International Championship of Collegiate A Cappella (ICCA) in 2003.

## History

The second independent music club recognized by the university, the Crosbys were founded in 1983 and remain the only TTBB a cappella singing group at Binghamton University. Like many collegiate a cappella groups, they are rooted in traditions tied to certain social events, attire, or means of address. The Crosbys usually perform in jeans and blazers; their alumni song — a collegiate a cappella tradition in which alumni present at the concert may join current members to sing — is "Strike Up the Band" (aka Jack). They undertake a two-week tour each winter, succeeded by The Jam, a large performance at the end of each semester.
The Crosbys typically compete in the ICCA competition every few years, as do many prestigious collegiate a cappella groups. They have progressed to the national championship round four times in the twenty-five years of the ICCA's existence, performing at Carnegie Hall, Lincoln Center, and winning the trophy during the finals held in 2003 at the Beacon Theatre on Broadway. They have also won many other awards at this competition, such as Best Soloist, Best Arrangement and Best Choreography.
In 1985, under the pseudonym Cliffs Notes (in honor of then school president Clifford Clark), the group was chosen as the winner of the campus-held Maxwell House Talent Competition for their performance of "Only You", which was to become a signature song of the group.

## Discography

| Album | Year |
| GOLA | 2021 |
| A Cosmic Voyage | 2016 |
| To Honor | 2013 |
| The Red Room | 2011 |
| 25 - Remastered Greatest Hits | 2008 |
| Roadtrip to Munzville | 2006 |
| Crabs and Tartar Sauce | 2004 |
| Crosby 101 | 2002 |
| Songs in the Key of Nishole | 2000 |
| Super Bos | 1998 |
| A Good Night Out | 1995 |
| Ten | 1993 |
| Naturally | 1988 |
| B.C. Junction | 1987 |
# Bing (German surname)

Bing is a surname of German and Scottish origin. Notable people with the surname include:
* Abraham Bing (1752–1841), German rabbi
* Andrew Bing (1574–1652), English scholar
* Anine Bing, Danish model
* Bernice Bing (1936–1998), Chinese-American artist
* Brandon Bing (born 1989), American football cornerback
* Darnell Bing (born 1984), American football player
* Dave Bing (born 1943), American basketball player and mayor
* Elisabeth Bing (1914–2015), German physical therapist
* Fritz Bing (1934–2023), South African cricketer, businessman and cricket administrator
* Geoffrey Bing (1909–1977), British politician
* Herman Bing (1889–1947), German-American actor and voice actor
* Ignaz Bing (1840–1918), German industrialist, naturalist, poet, and memoirist
* Ilse Bing (1899–1998), German photographer
* Inigo Bing (born 1944), British judge
* Isaiah Beer Bing (1759–1805), French writer and translator
* Jon Bing (1944–2014), Norwegian law professor
* Jonathan Bing, American attorney and politician
* Kristian Magdalon Bing (1862–1935), Norwegian jurist, author and mountaineer
* Lee Bing (died 2012), Hong Kong mezzo-soprano
* Paul Robert Bing (1878–1956), Swiss-German neurologist
* R. H. Bing (1914–1986), American mathematician
* Richard Bing (1909–2010), American cardiologist
* Rudolf Bing (1902–1997), Austrian-born opera impresario
* Siegfried Bing (1838–1905), German art dealer
* Stanley Bing, pen name of Gil Schwartz (1951–2020), American humorist and novelist
* Steve Bing (1965–2020), American businessman
* Suzanne Bing (1885–1967), French actress

## Fictional characters

* Chandler Bing, a character from Friends
# Birger Cnattingius

Birger Cnattingius (29 November 1875 – 19 February 1950) was a Swedish fencer. He competed in the individual épée event at the 1908 Summer Olympics.
# Highs

Highs may refer to:
* HiGHS optimization solver, an open source library for solving constrained optimization problems
* High-pitched screamed vocals as used in some extreme music genres, by contrast with low-pitched growled vocals ("lows")
# Bio, Azerbaijan

Bio is a village in the municipality of Marzəsə in the Astara Rayon of Azerbaijan.
# Hilbert operator

Hilbert operator may refer to:
* The epsilon operator in Hilbert's epsilon calculus
* The Hilbert–Schmidt operators on a Hilbert space
** Hilbert–Schmidt integral operators
** Generally, any operator on a Hilbert space
# Hiroshi Yamashiro

Hiroshi Yamashiro (山城宏, Yamashiro Hiroshi, born August 12, 1958) is a professional Go player.

## Biography

Yamashiro grew up with Go, as he became a professional in 1972. He eventually joined the Nagoya branch of the Nihon Ki-in. He has challenged for many of Japan's biggest titles, but he has not won any of them. He became a 9 dan in 1985, after winning the Okan, but has not won any other titles.

## Titles and runners-up

Domestic :
| Title | Wins | Runners-up |
| Kisei | | 1 (1992) |
| Honinbo | | 3 (1986, 1987, 1993) |
| Tengen | | 1 (1992) |
| Oza | | 1 (1984) |
| Shinjin-O | | 1 (1979) |
| Okan | 16 (1977, 1981, 1982, 1984–1987, 1992–1996, 2000, 2001, 2005, 2010) | 11 (1978, 1983, 1988, 1997, 1998, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2011) |
| Total | 16 | 18 |
# Hiroshi Honda

Hiroshi Honda may refer to:
* Hiroshi Honda (handballer) (本田 洋, born 1947), Japanese former handball player
* Hiroshi Honda (painter) (1910–1970), American painter
# Biospeedotrema jolliveti

Biospeedotrema jolliveti is a species of trematodes inhabiting hydrothermal vent fishes (particularly Ventichthys biospeedoi) in the south eastern Pacific Ocean. It can be distinguished from its family by its symmetrical testicular configuration; its uterus passing between the testes. Furthermore, it can be differentiated by vitelline fields which extend slightly into its post-testicular region; its intestinal bifurcation is dorsal to its ventral sucker; its genital pore is somewhat submedian or median; its cirrus sac is short and the caeca are large and overlap the testes.
# Black swift

Black swift may refer to several species of birds, including:
* African black swift, found in sub-Saharan Africa
* American black swift, found in North America
# Bishop's Castle Community College

Bishop's Castle Community College is a coeducational secondary school located in Bishop's Castle in the English county of Shropshire.
Established in 1922 as Bishop's Castle County High School, today it is a foundation school administered by Shropshire Council. The school admits pupils from Bishop's Castle and surrounding villages.
The school offers GCSEs and BTECs as programmes of study for pupils.
# Blanco River

Blanco River may refer to:

## Guatemala

* Blanco River (San Marcos)

## Honduras

* Blanco River (Honduras)

## Mexico

* Blanco River (Veracruz)

## United States

* Blanco River (Texas)
* Blanco River (Lares, Puerto Rico)
* Blanco River (Naguabo, Puerto Rico)
# Birol Topaloğlu

Birol Topaloğlu (b.1965, Pazar, Rize) is a Turkish folk musician and activist of Laz ancestry.

## Discography

* Heyamo (1997)
* Aravani (2000)
* Ezmoce (2007)
* Destani (2007)
* Kıyı Boyu Karadeniz (2011)
# Bispham

Bispham is the name of places in Lancashire, England
* Bispham, Blackpool, a suburb
* Bispham, West Lancashire, a civil parish
** Bispham Green, a village within that parish
It may also refer to:
* David Bispham, an American baritone
* Bispham Hall, a country house in Billinge, Wigan
# Hilton Schilder

Hilton Schilder (born 1959) is a South African musician (piano, also guitar, vocals, mbira and other instruments), well known in the genre of Cape jazz.

## Biography

Schilder was born in Lotus River, Cape Town, and grew up in a musical family (his father is the jazz pianist and band leader Tony Schilder). He began playing early in bands in the Kaapse Klopse. In the 1980s he founded The Genuines with Mac McKenzie, who specialized in the Goema music of the Western Cape province. Goema is a Cape Jazz style, though more inspired by the Coon troops that march annually on Tweede Newe Jaar. He led African Dream and Iconoclast (with Victor Ntoni and Vusi Khumalo). Robbie Jansen invited him to join the band Sons of Table Mountain. He also led his own groups, with whom he also performed at the Cape Town International Jazz Festival, and toured with Johannes Enders. His first album, No Turning Back (2003), was nominated in the "best contemporary jazz album" category for at the South African Music Awards (SAMA). He co-founded the duo RockArt with Alex van Heerden, which moved in the direction of acoustic and electronic minimal jazz. He has worked with Mac McKenzie, Namakwa, The District Six Band, and The Goema Captains of Cape Town. In 2008 he was artist in residence at the Bird's Eye Jazz Club in Basel.

## Discography

* Johannes Enders Reflections of South Africa (1996)
* No Turning Back (2003)
* RockArt Future Cape (2006)
* Elements of Surprise (2007, solo)
* Alternative (2017)
# Blood (EP)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Teraz Rock | |
| Exclaim! | favorable |
Blood is an EP by the Polish death metal band Vader. It was released on 22 September 2003 in Europe via Metal Blade, and day after in Poland by Metal Mind. Japanese edition was released on 22 October 2003 by Avalon Marquee.
Tracks 1–2 were recorded and mixed in July 2003 at RG Studio in Gdańsk, Poland. Mastering took place at RG Studio in Gdańsk, Poland. Tracks 3–7 were recorded and mixed between February and March 2002 at Red Studio in Gdańsk, Poland during Revelations (2002) sessions, and mastered at Studio 333 in Częstochowa, Poland.
This is the last release with drummer Krzysztof Raczkowski, the first one with Marcin Nowak as bass player (without performing on the tracks), and featuring Jacek Hiro's performance, it is the only release with the participation of all members from Dies Irae.

## Personnel

Production and performance credits are adapted from the album liner notes.
| Vader Piotr "Peter" Wiwczarek – rhythm guitar, lead guitar, bass guitar, lead vocals, production Maurycy "Mauser" Stefanowicz – lead guitar Marcin "Novy" Nowak – bass guitar (credited, did not perform) Krzysztof "Doc" Raczkowski – drums Additional musicians Jacek Hiro (Sceptic) – lead guitar Jerzy "U.reck" Głód (Lux Occulta) – keyboards | Production Jacek Wiśniewski – cover art Piotr Łukaszewski – sound engineer Massive Management – management Bartek Kuźniak – mastering (tracks: 3–7) Michał Mielnik – mastering (tracks: 1–2) Note Tracks 1–2 Recorded & mixed at RG Studio, Gdańsk, July 2003. Mastered at RG Studio, Gdańsk. Tracks 3–7 Recorded & mixed at Red Studio, Gdańsk, February/March 2002. Mastered at Studio 333, Częstochowa. |

## Charts
### Weekly

| Chart (2001) | Peak position |
| Polish Albums Chart | 44 |

### Monthly

| Chart (2001) | Peak position |
| Poland (ZPAV Top 100) | 31 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label |
| Europe | 22 September 2003 | Metal Blade Records |
| Poland | 23 September 2003 | Metal Mind Productions |
| Japan | 22 October 2003 | Avalon Marquee |
# Blue-breasted kingfisher

The blue-breasted kingfisher (Halcyon malimbica) is a tree kingfisher widely distributed across Equatorial Africa. This kingfisher is essentially resident, but retreats from drier savanna areas to wetter habitats in the dry season.
This is a large kingfisher, 25 cm in length. The adult has a bright blue head, back, wing panel and tail. Its underparts are white, but it has a blue breast band. The shoulders are black. The flight of the blue-breasted kingfisher is rapid and direct. The large bill has a red upper mandible and black lower mandible. The legs are bright red.
Sexes are similar, but juveniles are duller than adults. The call of this noisy kingfisher is a whistled pu-pu-pu-pu-ku-ku-ku-ku.
The blue-breasted kingfisher is a species of a variety of well-wooded habitats. It perches quietly in deep shade whilst seeking food. It is territorial but wary. This species mainly hunts large insects, arthropods, fish and frogs, but will also eat the fruit of the Oil Palm.
It has a striking display in which the wings are spread to show the white linings. The nest is a hole in a tree termite nest. A single clutch of two round white eggs is typical.

## Subspecies

* H. m. malimbica: Riverine woodlands of Cameroon to Uganda and Zambia
* H. m. forbesi: Sierra Leone to East Nigeria and extreme West Cameroon; Bioko I.
* H. m. torquata: S Senegambia and Guinea-Bissau to extreme West Mali
* H. m. dryas: Príncipe Island. and (formerly) São Tomé Island, São Tomé and Príncipe
* Heads of three subspecies: H. m. torquata (top); H. m. forbesi (middle); H. m. malimbica (bottom); illustration by Keulemans, 1892
* H. m. dryas São Tomé and Príncipe
# Histidine ammonia-lyase

Histidine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.3, histidase, histidinase) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HAL gene. It converts histidine into ammonia and urocanic acid. Its systematic name is L-histidine ammonia-lyase (urocanate-forming).

## Function

Histidine ammonia-lyase is a cytosolic enzyme catalyzing the first reaction in histidine catabolism, the nonoxidative deamination of L-histidine to trans-urocanic acid. The reaction is catalyzed by 3,5-dihydro-5-methyldiene-4H-imidazol-4-one (MIO), an electrophilic cofactor which is formed autocatalytically by cyclization of the protein backbone of the enzyme.

## Pathology

Mutations in the gene for histidase are associated with histidinemia and urocanic aciduria.
# Histidine N-acetyltransferase

In enzymology, a histidine N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.33) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    acetyl-CoA + L-histidine $\rightleftharpoons$ CoA + N-acetyl-L-histidine
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and L-histidine, whereas its two products are CoA and N-acetyl-L-histidine.
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:L-histidine N-acetyltransferase. Other names in common use include acetylhistidine synthetase, and histidine acetyltransferase.
# Black raspberry necrosis virus

Black raspberry necrosis virus (BRNV) is a plant pathogen virus of the genus Sadwavirus found in black raspberries (rubus occidentalis). The virus causes leaf chlorosis, mottling and puckering. Affected plants typically fail to yield fruits after three to four years.
# Black raspberry

Black raspberry is a common name for three species of the genus Rubus:
* Rubus leucodermis, native to western North America
* Rubus occidentalis, native to eastern North America
* Rubus coreanus, also known as Korean black raspberry, native to Korea, Japan, and China