OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Christopher Wanjek

Christopher Wanjek is a health and science journalist and author based in the United States.

## Biography

Wanjek received his bachelor's degree in journalism from Temple University and his master's degree from the Harvard School of Public Health. His most recent book, co-authored with Chris Gunn and published by The MIT Press, is Inside the Star Factory: The Creation of the James Webb Space Telescope. NASA's Largest and Most Powerful Space Observatory, which Publishers Weekly praised as "an intimate view of an astounding scientific achievement." Wanjek is also author of Bad Medicine: Misconceptions and Misuses Revealed, from Distance Healing to Vitamin O and of Food at Work: Workplace Solutions for Malnutrition, Obesity and Chronic Diseases. In 2020, Wanjek published the book Spacefarers: How Humans Will Settle the Moon, Mars, and Beyond through Harvard University Press. Among positive reviews, the work was described as "the best book ... on space exploration since Isaac Asimov" by Michael Shermer, publisher of Skeptic magazine. Food at Work, written for the International Labour Organization, has since been presented in numerous countries, largely in South America. The concept for the "Food at Work" as well as the final product has been lauded by unions and nutritionists, with emeritus professor of nutrition A. Stewart Truswell of University of Sydney describing it as "a beautifully designed, written and printed book [that] would have to be consulted by anyone advising on food at work anywhere in the world." The project has inspired government legislation to improve worker feeding programs in Mexico, Lithuania, Uruguay and elsewhere in South America.
As an astronomy writer, Wanjek worked at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland until 2007 and freelanced for astronomy magazines such Sky & Telescope and Astronomy. He currently is the "Armchair Astrophysics" columnist for the Astronomical Society of the Pacific's Mercury Magazine.
As a health writer, Wanjek wrote many stories for CBS Healthwatch and The Washington Post health section between 1999 and 2004. Since 2006 he has written a weekly column for LiveScience called Bad Medicine. In 2009 his LiveScience column criticized Pope Benedict XVI who said that condoms make the epidemic of AIDS worse.
While a student at Temple University, Wanjek was part of the Philadelphia comedy scene that produced comic Paul F. Tompkins and writer-director Adam McKay, his former housemate, among others. Wanjek has written for The Tonight Show with Jay Leno since 1998.
# Jason Robinson

Jason Robinson may refer to:
* Jason Robinson (cricketer) (born 1965), English cricketer
* Jason Robinson (musician) (born 1975), American jazz musician and composer
* Jason Robinson (rugby) (born 1974), English rugby league and rugby union player
* Jason WA Robinson (born 1980), English professor of materials physics
# Bedding (disambiguation)

Bedding is material used above a mattress.
Bedding may also refer to:
* Bedding (animals)
* Bedding ceremony
* Bedding (geology)
* Bedding (horticulture)
* Rifle bedding
# International Refugee Organization

The International Refugee Organization (IRO) was an intergovernmental organization founded on 20 April 1946 to deal with the massive refugee problem created by World War II. A Preparatory Commission began operations fourteen months previously. In 1948, the treaty establishing the IRO formally entered into force and the IRO became a United Nations specialized agency. The IRO assumed most of the functions of the earlier United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. In 1952, operations of the IRO ceased, and it was replaced by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).
The Constitution of the International Refugee Organization, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 15 December 1946, is the founding document of the IRO. The constitution specified the organization's field of operations. Controversially, the constitution defined "persons of German ethnic origin" who had been expelled, or were to be expelled from their countries of birth into the postwar Germany, as individuals who would "not be the concern of the Organization." This excluded from its purview a group that exceeded in number all the other European displaced persons put together. Also, because of disagreements between the Western allies and the Soviet Union, the IRO only worked in areas controlled by Western armies of occupation.
Twenty-six states became members of the IRO and it formally came into existence in 1948: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Republic of China, Chile, Denmark, the Dominican Republic, France, Guatemala, Honduras, Iceland, Italy, Liberia, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Panama, Peru, the Philippines, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Venezuela. The U.S. provided about 40% of the IRO's $155 million annual budget. The total contribution by the members for the five years of operation was around $400 million. It had rehabilitated around 10 million people during this time, out of 15 million people who were stranded in Europe. The IRO's first Director-General was William Hallam Tuck, succeeded by J. Donald Kingsley on 31 July 1949.
IRO closed its operations on 31 January 1952 and after a liquidation period, went out of existence on 30 September 1953. By that time many of its responsibilities had been assumed by other agencies. Of particular importance was the Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees, established in January 1951 as a part of the United Nations, and the Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration (originally PICMME), set up in December 1951.

## Filmography

* The Search by Fred Zinnemann (1948): The IRO helped the producers to make this story about children refugees, in 1945 Germany.
# Berberentulus

Berberentulus is a genus of proturans in the family Acerentomidae.

## Species

* Berberentulus berberus (Condé, 1948)
* Berberentulus buchi Tuxen & Imadaté, 1975
* Berberentulus capensis (Womersley, 1931)
* Berberentulus huetheri Nosek, 1973
* Berberentulus huisunensis Chao & Chen, 1999
* Berberentulus neipuensis Chao & Chen, 1999
* Berberentulus nelsoni Tuxen, 1976
* Berberentulus polonicus Szeptycki, 1968
* Berberentulus rennelensis Tuxen & Imadaté, 1975
* Berberentulus tannae Tuxen, 1977
* Berberentulus travassosi (Silvestri, 1938)
# György Bánlaki

György Bánlaki (born 21 March 1948 in Budapest) is a Hungarian diplomat who served as Hungarian Ambassador to the United States between 1994 and 1998. He was also President of the Hungarian Atlantic Council from 2003 to 2009.
# Hystrix (plant)

Hystrix was a formerly recognized genus of grass (family Poaceae).
The genus Hystrix was created in 1794 by Conrad Moench for the species described as Elymus hystrix by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. Moench considered that E. hystrix was sufficiently distinct to be placed in a separate genus as Hystrix patula; the genus was to be used for species without glumes or with long setaceous glumes. Subsequently a number of other grass species were placed in this genus.
Genomic studies from the 1960s onwards showed that H. patula does in fact belong in Elymus, as this is now defined. Other species placed in Hystrix have genomes more closely resembling those of Leymus species, and are better placed in that genus. Currently accepted transfers include:
* Hystrix californica → Leymus californicus
* Hystrix coreana → Leymus coreanus
* Hystrix duthiei → Leymus duthiei
* Hystrix komarovii → Leymus komarovii
* Hystrix sibirica → Leymus sibiricus
* Hystrix patula → Elymus hystrix
# Out of Wonder

Out of Wonder: Poems Celebrating Poets is a 2017 collection of poems for children's by Kwame Alexander with co-authors Chris Colderley and Marjory Wentworth and illustrated by Ekua Holmes. The book won the 2018 Coretta Scott King Illustrator Award. Each of the 20 poems is written in tribute to and in the style of a well known poet.

## Critical reception

Out of Wonder was well-received by critics, including starred reviews from Booklist, Kirkus Reviews, Publishers Weekly, and School Library Journal.
Booklist's Ilene Cooper highlighted how the book pays "tribute to well-known poets, such as Maya Angelou, e. e. cummings, Sandra Cisneros, Robert Frost, Gwendolyn Brooks, and William Carlos Williams, among others ... But even without such links, most of the poetry—breezy, thoughtful, amusing—stands on its own." Cooper further praised the illustrations: "Holmes takes collage work to a new level, with gloriously colored art that, the closer you look, tells further stories within stories. Each illustration captures not just the feeling of the poem but wakes readers up to life’s excitements and small joys." She concluded by stating, "Exemplary words and pictures make this a multicultural masterwork."
Kirkus called the book "a magnificent exploration of the poetic imagination."
Shelf Awareness's Emilie Coulter wrote, "Even readers who claim they don't enjoy poetry will be won over by these crystal-clear, mostly child-centric poems ... If that weren't enough, the gorgeous cut-paper artwork by Caldecott Honor artist Ekua Holmes ... takes the already exuberant book to an even higher plane."

## Awards and honors

Out of Wonder is a New York Times bestselling book. Kirkus Reviews named it one of the best books of the year, and Booklist included it on their "Top 10 Diverse Nonfiction for Youth" list.
Awards for Out of Wonder :
| Year | Award | Result |
| 2017 | Cybil Award for Poetry | Finalist |
| 2017 | Booklist Editors' Choice: Books for Youth | Selection |
| 2018 | Coretta Scott King Book Award for Illustrator | Winner |
| 2018 | ALSC Notable Children's Books | Selection |
# Harney Park

Harney Park is a 7.13-acre (2.89 ha) park at the intersection of Southeast 67th Avenue and Harney Street, in Portland, Oregon's Brentwood-Darlington neighborhood, in the United States.

## Description

The park, named after William S. Harney, was acquired in 1979. The Oregonian's Anna Griffin described the park as a "postage stamp-sized swath of green, a former vacant lot and eyesore that neighbors pushed to turn into a park". Features include a basketball court, playground, soccer field, and softball diamond. It has hosted a climbing wall, as well as Movies in the Park, and was one of 30 parks announced to receive basketball court improvements as part of a $1 million project funded by Nike Inc. and the Portland Trail Blazers in 2018.
# Humphrey Ikin

Humphrey John Ikin (born 7 May 1957) is a New Zealand furniture designer.

## Early life and family

Born in Lower Hutt on 7 May 1957, Ikin was educated at King's College in Auckland, before going on to study at Massey University from 1975 to 1977, and the University of Auckland in 1981.
In 1979, Ikin married Philippa Anne Malden.

## Furniture design

Ikin's furniture is known for its design quality and Pacific minimalist look. In 1998, New York's I.D. Magazine listed him as one of the top 40 designers in the world and featured his piece Red Stave Chair alongside work by well-known designers Jasper Morrison (England), Philippe Starck (France), and Antonio Citterio. In 2001 he won the prestigious John Britten Design Award, presented annually by the Designers' Institute of New Zealand. In 2003 he received an Arts Foundation of New Zealand Laureate Award.
Ikin's work is held in both public and private collections in New Zealand and throughout the world. He teaches part-time at Unitec New Zealand in Auckland where, in 2002 he was appointed Adjunct Professor of Furniture Design at the School of Design.
In 1997, he co-curated with Carin Wilson a major exhibition of furniture at the Dowse Art Museum in Lower Hutt. Entitled Framed, the exhibition displayed the work of 23 studio furniture makers, ranging from young designers to experienced practitioners.
# Java Astrodynamics Toolkit

The Java Astrodynamics Toolkit (JAT) is an open-source library of software components for use in spaceflight applications written in Java or Matlab. It provides features useful when solving problems in astrodynamics, space mission design, and the navigation, guidance and control of spacecraft.
The software, used by NASA, is a major collaboration by the University of Texas Computer Science department for use by professional computer astronomers. As of 2008 it was one of the most advanced astronomical toolkits available.
# Jan Marmenout

Jan Marmenout (born in Ghent, Belgium) is a Belgian percussionist and multi-instrumentalist playing such instruments as the berimbau, kalimba, balafon, didgeridoo, shawm, Tibetan trumpet, conch shells, fujara, lithophones, etc. He is perhaps most-known for his compositions on the fujara, an ethnic instrument from Slovakia. Marmenout plays the fujara in an intuitive and non-traditionalist way.
He has composed the score for two movies, Judentransport XX (2003) and Desperado (2002).

## Discography

* Gates, Highgate Music, 1997.
* Fujara, Highgate Music, 1998.
* Spirits, Highgate Music, 1999, with Vidna Obmana.
* Wastelands, Highgate Music, 2005, with Lode Vercampt.
* A Special Blend (Fujara II), Highgate Music, 2005
# Beeline (album)

Beeline is an album by American singer-songwriter Peter Case, released in 2002.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| No Depression | mixed |
Writing for Allmusic, music critic Robert L. Doerschuk wrote "The low-budget production suggests that at least one of the goals here is to maintain Case's credibility as an off-center artist. In the end, though, this only contributes to a derivative quality… there's little to distinguish Bee Line from more insightful, wry, and far brighter highlights in the Case catalog." Writing for No Depression, David Menconi wrote of the album "In many ways, Beeline represents Case’s niftiest balancing act to date, adding touches of psychedelic ragtime and exotic raga drones to his steady rolling country blues… Beeline is anything but a downer, although the stoicism is more implied than spelled out."

## Track listing

All songs written by Peter Case unless otherwise noted.
* "If You Got a Light to Shine" – 6:08
* "Evening Raga" – 4:39
* "I Hear Your Voice" – 5:05
* "Lost in the Sky" – 5:42
* "Gone" – 3:49
* "Something's Coming" – 5:58
* "Ain't Leaving Your Love" – 3:18
* "It's Cold Inside" – 3:52
* "Mañana Champeen" – 5:04
* "First Light" – 6:29
* "Something's Coming Remix" (Rob Swift) – 2:59

## Personnel

* Peter Case – vocals, guitar, harmonica, piano
* Sandy Chila – drums
* David Meshell – bass
* Joshua Case – guitar
* Andrew Williams – harmonium
Production
* Andrew Williams – producer, engineer, mixing
* Peter Case – producer
* Travis Dickerson – engineer
* Gavin Lurssen – mastering
* Joshua Case – computer editing
* Greg Allen – package design, photography
# International Reference Ionosphere

International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) is a common permanent scientific project of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) and the International Union of Radio Science (URSI) started 1968/69. It is the international standard empirical model for the terrestrial ionosphere since 1999. For a specified geographic location, time, and date, IRI provides average monthly values for electron density, electron temperature and ion temperature, and the molecular composition of the ions in the range of altitudes from 50 km to 2000 km. The latest standard is IRI-2012. A new version, IRI-2016, has since been released. The IRI has been extended to plasmasphere in the IRI-Plas model.

## History

Karl Rawer, the first chairman of the URSI/COSPAR Task group on the IRI (1968–84) specified as goal of the IRI to establish a (monthly) average model of the terrestrial ionosphere based on reliably-measured data obtained with ground- and space-based methods. Contradictions between these had to be resolved in critical discussions. After a decade filled with data collection, a first set of tables was given out in 1978. Computer source code in ALGOL and Fortran followed. In 1986, the code became available on floppy disk, and later on the Web. It is improved yearly according to the results obtained at the meetings of the task group, which often occur at COSPAR meetings. Since 1999, IRI has been the "International Standard" for the terrestrial ionosphere.

## Contents

IRI used (and still has an option to use) an ITU-R-model that had been developed in respect to radio propagation via the ionosphere, specifying two parameters of which one is narrowly related to the peak electron density and the other to the peak altitude of the ionosphere. Both have been and are regularly determined from ionograms at all ionospheric sounding stations. The authors R. M. Gallet and W. B. Jones had analyzed a wealth of such data from around the world by a method combining Fourier analysis in time with worldwide Legendre analysis of the Fourier coefficients. Meanwhile, regional models are often applied because they reach better local performance.
The IRI model specifies monthly averages of electron density, electron and ion temperature, and the relative percentage of several different positive ions (O+, H+, He+, N+, NO+, O2+, and Cluster ions). The model can represent variation of these quantities with altitude, latitude, longitude, date, and time of day. It can also make use of solar, ionospheric and geomagnetic indices to refine the model. Vertical total electron content (TEC) may be derived. (A snapshot of model predictions is shown in the latitude vs. longitude map above).
# Benzimidazole

Benzimidazole is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound. This bicyclic compound may be viewed as fused rings of the aromatic compounds benzene and imidazole. It is a white solid that appears in form of tabular crystals.

## Preparation

Benzimidazole was discovered during research on vitamin B$_{12}$. The benzimidazole nucleus was found to be a stable platform on which drugs could be developed. Benzimidazole is produced by condensation of o-phenylenediamine with formic acid, or the equivalent trimethyl orthoformate:
    C$_6$H$_4$(NH$_2$)$_2$ + HC(OCH$_3$)$_3$ → C$_6$H$_4$N(NH)CH + 3 CH$_3$OH
2-Substituted derivatives are obtained when the condensation is conducted with aldehydes in place of formic acid, followed by oxidation.

## Reactions

Benzimidazole is a base:
    C$_6$H$_4$N(NH)CH + H$^+$ → [C$_6$H$_4$(NH)$_2$CH]$^+$
It can also be deprotonated with stronger bases:
    C$_6$H$_4$N(NH)CH + LiH → Li [C$_6$H$_4$N$_2$CH] + H$_2$
The imine can be alkylated and also serves as a ligand in coordination chemistry. The most prominent benzimidazole complex features N-ribosyl-dimethylbenzimidazole, as found in vitamin B$_{12}$.
N,N'-Dialkylbenzimidazolium salts are precursors to certain N-heterocyclic carbenes.

## Applications

Benzimidazole derivatives are among the most frequently used ring systems for small molecule drugs listed by the United States Food and Drug Administration. Many pharmaceutical agents belong to the benzimidazole class of compounds. For example:
* Angiotensin II receptor blockers such as azilsartan, candesartan, and telmisartan.
* Anthelmintic agents such as albendazole, ciclobendazole, fenbendazole, flubendazole, mebendazole, oxfendazole, oxibendazole, triclabendazole, and thiabendazole. These drugs work by binding tubulin, a vital part of the cytoskeleton and mitotic spindle. Benzimidazoles are selectively toxic towards parasitic nematodes, selectively binding and depolymerising their tubulins.
* Antihistamines such as astemizole, bilastine, clemizole, emedastine, mizolastine, and oxatomide.
* Benzimidazole fungicides such as benomyl, carbendazim, fuberidazole, and thiabendazole. These drugs selectively bind to and depolymerise fungal tubulin.
* Benzimidazole opioids such as bezitramide, brorphine, clonitazene, etodesnitazene, etonitazene, etonitazepipne, etonitazepyne, isotonitazene, metodesnitazene, and metonitazene.
* Proton-pump inhibitors such as dexlansoprazole, esomeprazole, ilaprazole, lansoprazole, omeprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole, and tenatoprazole.
* Typical antipsychotics such as benperidol, clopimozide, droperidol, neflumozide, and oxiperomide, and pimozide.
* Other notable pharmaceutical agents which contain a benzimidazole group include abemaciclib, bendamustine, dabigatran, daridorexant, and glasdegib.
In printed circuit board manufacturing, benzimidazole can be used as an organic solderability preservative.
Several dyes are derived from benzimidazoles.
# Gümeli, İvrindi

Gümeli is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of İvrindi, Balıkesir Province in Turkey. Its population is 640 (2022).
# Ourapteryx changi

Ourapteryx changi is a moth of the family Geometridae first described by Hiroshi Inoue in 1985. It is found in Taiwan.
# Owen Glynne Jones

Owen Glynne Jones (2 November 1867 – 28 August 1899) was a Welsh rock-climber and mountaineer.
He established many new routes in the Lake District and elsewhere, often climbing with George and Ashley Abraham, brothers who photographed the climbs for posterity.

## Rock climbing

Jones was born in London, England, the son of a Welsh carpenter-builder, and took a first-class Honours degree in experimental physics. Not able to obtain a professorship, he became physics master at the City of London School. He began climbing in 1888, and was among those pioneers who first perceived rock climbing as a sport. As a climber, he had an athletic climbing style, and is considered by many to be one of the first "rock gymnasts". Although Jones said little in his writings about his training tactics – other than working with dumbbells – there are several stories regarding his gymnastic feats.
He jokingly called himself "the Only Genuine Jones", and was famous at Wasdale Head in the Lake District for his gymnastic stunts around the inn. As a rock climber, however, he drew disapproval from some of his colleagues – particularly Aleister Crowley – for his use of a top-rope to explore difficult pitches before attempting them (he was, nevertheless, a very daring climber. He was reputed to be fearless when climbing above a drop, though some have conjectured that this was because of his short-sightedness). Crowley also criticised his "lunging for holds", thought him a self-publicist, and was disdainful of Jones teaming up with "two photographers".
In 1896, Jones climbed the 70-foot Kern Knotts Crack with a top-rope. Although he used an ice axe advantageously at the bottom for a step, as well as "combined tactics" (probably a shoulder stand) – accepted practices at the time – this was an impressive ascent. The following year he led a companion up the route in proper fashion. The Crack is now graded as HVS 4c (roughly equivalent to US grade 5.7 or 5.8), and later Jones became so proficient on it he could go up the crack and down an easy chimney nearby in seven minutes. This was a benchmark climb, perhaps as difficult – though not as dangerous – as anything being done in Saxony at that time. Jones developed the forerunner of the currently used British adjectival grading system for rock climbs.
In 1897 O. G. Jones published, with George Abraham, his classic Rock Climbing in the English Lake District; Jones's exuberant style did much to popularise the sport. A facsimile of the 2nd edition (1900) is still in print.
He was killed, at the age of 32, in a climbing accident on the Ferpècle arête of the Dent Blanche in Switzerland. The guides Elias Furrer, Clemenz Zurbriggen and Jean Vuignier were also killed. The four men fell about 1,650 feet (500 m). Mr. F. W. Hill was the party's only survivor.

## References in popular culture

O. G. Jones features as the main character in Alex Roddie's 2012 publication 'The Only Genuine Jones'. While primarily a work of fiction it contains references to real-life events.
# Christina Hansen (footballer)

Christina Hansen (born 5 June 1970) is a Danish footballer who played as a forward for the Denmark women's national football team. She was part of the team at the 1995 FIFA Women's World Cup.