OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Irthlingborough railway station

Irthlingborough railway station is a former railway station in Irthlingborough, Northamptonshire, on the former Northampton and Peterborough Railway line which connected Peterborough and Northampton. In 1846 the line, along with the London and Birmingham Railway, became part of the London and North Western Railway.
The station was opened by the London and Birmingham Railway on 2 June 1845, and was named Higham Ferrers. It was renamed Higham Ferrers and Irthlingborough on 28 April 1885, and renamed Irthlingborough on 1 October 1910. It was closed to passengers by British Railways on 4 May 1964.
At grouping in 1923 it became part of the London Midland and Scottish Railway.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Ditchford | London and North Western Railway Northampton and Peterborough Railway | Ringstead and Addington |
# Brackenhill

Brackenhill is a village in West Yorkshire, England, which forms part of Ackworth parish. It is situated on the A638 road on the eastern bank of Hessle Beck, west of Ackworth Moor Top and north of Fitzwilliam Country Park.
A major industry in Brackenhill was quarrying, and at the end of the 19th century the majority of the male inhabitants of the village were occupied in the quarries. The stone is counted among the Pennine Upper Coal Measures which originated in the Carboniferous age. Quarried materials include magnesian limestone and sandstone. The quarries were served from 1914 to 1962 by the Brackenhill Light Railway, a subsidiary of the London and North Eastern Railway. It branched off the line between Sheffield and York east of Ackworth and joined the line between Wakefield and Doncaster at Hemsworth Colliery near Fitzwilliam. Brackenhill inhabitants also worked in Hemsworth Colliery.
# Brackenfield

53°07′42″N 1°26′39″W﻿ / ﻿53.1282°N 1.4443°W﻿ / 53.1282; -1.4443
Brackenfield is a village and civil parish in the North East Derbyshire district of Derbyshire, England. The population of the civil parish as of the 2011 census was 214.
The village is about five miles east of Matlock and four and a half miles northwest of Alfreton. It is also close to Clay Cross. Set in farming country, the village is located around a large village green. The parish of Brackenfield includes much of the attractive Ogston Reservoir.
Brackenfield was originally known as Brackenthwaite, which probably meant "a bracken clearing". The suffix -thwaite is unusual in this part of the county, as it is commonly associated with more northern areas. It is of significance etymologically as it seems to point to the existence of a small colony of Norsemen or Norwegians, separate from the incursion of the Danes. The village later became known as Brackenfeld, and then Brackenfield.
The parish of Brackenfield was originally a township of nearby Morton. It was divided from it in 1758. The parish has the smallest population of all parishes in the North East Derbyshire district. Wessington had a population of 509 in 2001, however in the 19th century it was around 350.
A horse named after the village unseated its rider when competing in the 1996 Grand National.
# Isaac Holmes

Isaac Holmes may refer to:
* Isaac Holmes (lieutenant governor) (1758–1812), lieutenant governor of South Carolina
* Isaac E. Holmes (1796–1867), U.S. representative from South Carolina
# Isaac Holmes (lieutenant governor)

Isaac Holmes (1758–1812) was an early American politician from South Carolina, serving as the 14th Lieutenant Governor of that State after the Revolution under Governor Charles Pinckney, as well as serving in both the South Carolina House and Senate. During the War, he had served in the Third Provincial Assembly, was a prisoner of war at both St. Augustine and Philadelphia, and had been an officer in the Militia prior to the fall of Charleston. Holmes was appointed by George Washington as Collector of Customs at the port of Charleston in 1791 but resigned the position in 1797, on account of his inability to adequately collect delinquent debts. Isaac Holmes held numerous other offices, memberships, and positions, including member of both the St. Andrews and South Carolina Societies, as well as the Charleston Library Society.
The U.S. Congressman, Isaac E. Holmes (1796–1897) is a nephew of this Isaac Holmes. Genealogical data is easily verifiable through primary source documents, including the Holmes Chart drafted by James Gadsden Holmes, filed in the Library of Congress, and available at the SC Historical Society.
# Brachytrematidae

Brachytrematidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.
According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) the family Brachytrematidae has no subfamilies.
# Marc Fontecave

Marc Fontecave (born 27 September 1956) is a French chemist. An international specialist in bioinorganic chemistry, he currently teaches at the Collège de France in Paris, where he heads the Laboratory of Chemistry of Biological Processes.

## Biography

Marc Fontecave is a graduate of the École normale supérieure de l'enseignement technique (which became the École normale supérieure Paris-Saclay in 2016), and holds a doctorate in science.
In 2005, he was elected a member of the French Academy of Sciences and in 2019 foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Since 2008–2009, he holds the Chair of Chemistry of Biological Processes at the Collège de France.
He chairs the Fondation du Collège de France and is a member of the EDF scientific council.

## Research studies

Marc Fontecave has deepened his understanding of the structure and reactivity of the metal centres present in metalloproteins. Its research can have applications in the fields of chemistry (selective catalysts), health (anti-cancer, antioxidants), environment (bioremediation, green chemistry) and energy (hydrogen production and carbon dioxide transformation).

## Awards and honours

2015: Chevalier of the Légion d'Honneur
2011: Achille-Le-Bel Grand Prize of the Société Chimique de France
2010: Chevalier of the Ordre National du Mérite
2009: Sir Raman Chair of the Indian Academy of Sciences
2005: Member of the French Academy of Sciences
2005: Senior member of the Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)
2004: CNRS Silver medal
1996: Policart-Lacassagne Prize of the French Academy of Sciences
1991–1996: Junior member of IUF.

## Position statements

He intervened in the public debate to encourage public reappropriation of major scientific research and simplification of the French research system; according to him, the evaluation of researchers a posteriori is the only method for taking the necessary risks in research.
During the reflection on the energy transition, with his colleagues from the French Academy of Sciences, he encouraged the use of nuclear and shale gas. As the problem of storing and restoring intermittent renewable energies has not been solved, he criticizes the forced march towards energy transition. He argues that the intensification of nuclear use is a necessity to reduce CO$_2$ emissions.
On 29 December 2018, he strongly criticised L'Affaire du siècle, a successful petition in a World Forum calling for the French State to be condemned for its failure to respect climate commitments, as "unfair, stupid, and ineffective".

## Publication

Chemistry of biological processes: an introduction, Paris, Éditions Fayard, "Collège de France" series, 2009, 60 p. (ISBN 9782213654225, LCCN 2010-363521)

## Article

Ecology: "There is no chance of a revolution happening "2 on lemonde.fr on 3 September 2018
# Ipso jure

Ipso jure is a Latin phrase, directly translated as "by the law itself". It is used as an adverb.

## Usage

The phrase is used to describe legal consequences that occur by the act of the law itself. For example, if property is held in a tenancy by the entirety by a husband and wife, who then get divorced, the property is converted ipso jure (i.e. by the law itself) into another form of tenancy, usually a tenancy in common, at the very instant the marriage is dissolved. Likewise, contracts that establish partnerships sometimes provide that the partnership is ipso jure dissolved if one partner attempts to sell his or her interest in the partnership. In all of these situations, when one legally significant fact occurs, other relationships are automatically changed by the law.
# Marc Spiegler

Marc Spiegler (born 1968) is a French-American art journalist and columnist who served as global director of Art Basel from 2012 to 2022. He is ranked in ArtReview's Power 100 among the top 25 most influential individuals in the art world.

## Early life and education

A citizen of France, Spiegler studied Political Science in the United States at Haverford College between 1986 and 1990, and attended the Medill School of Journalism at Northwestern University from 1992 to 1994, earning a Masters of Journalism.

## Career

Spiegler has been a freelance art journalist and columnist since 1998, writing for such magazines and newspapers as The Art Newspaper, Monopol [de], Art+Auction, ARTnews, Neue Zürcher Zeitung, and New York. He has also served as moderator and panelist at various symposiums and round tables.
He joined MCH Group (parent company of Art Basel) as a co-director in 2007. In 2012, he succeeded Sam Keller as global director. In November 2022, he stepped down and was replaced by Noah Horowitz. During his tenure, Art Basel grew from two to four fairs (Hong Kong and Paris added), from twenty-two to more than a hundred employees, and James Murdoch became a strategic investor. The success of Art Basel's international development strategy was criticized by Art Cologne director Daniel Hug who saw it as a form of (Swiss-driven) corporate colonialism on the art world. The shift from Fiac to Art Basel +Paris was also a controversial issue managed during his tenure.

## Other activities

* Superblue, Member of the Board of Directors (since 2023)

## Awards

* #38 in ArtReview's Power 100 people in 2019 in the contemporary art world
# 1977 Swedish Open

The 1977 Swedish Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts held in Båstad, Sweden. It was a Two Star category tournament and part of the Grand Prix circuit. It was the 30th edition of the tournament and was held from 3 July through 10 July 1977. Second-seeded Corrado Barazzutti won the singles title.

## Finals
### Singles

Corrado Barazzutti defeated Balázs Taróczy 7–6, 6–7, 6–2
* It was Barazzutti's 2nd singles title of the year and the 3rd of his career.

### Doubles

Mark Edmondson / John Marks defeated Jean-Louis Haillet / François Jauffret 6–4, 6–0
# Isaac Rapp

Isaac Hamilton Rapp, (1854 – March 27, 1933) was an American architect who has been called the "Creator of the Santa Fe style." He was born in Orange, New Jersey.
Rapp learned his trade working for his father, a sometime architect and building contractor in Carbondale, Illinois. He left in 1887 and by 1889 had moved to Trinidad, Colorado where he joined with C.W. Bulger in establishing the architectural firm of Bulger and Rapp. The company dissolved after about five years at which point Rapp's brother William Mason Rapp moved to Trinidad and the firm of Rapp and Rapp was created. (This should not be confused with the architectural firm of Rapp and Rapp, noted for their theatre designs, composed of Isaac Rapp's two youngest brothers, Cornelius and George.) Eventually a third brother, Charles Rapp moved to Trinidad, but did not join the architectural firm.
The First Christian Church in Trinidad, built in 1922, was one of the later works by Rapp.
Isaac Rapp died in 1933 at his home in Trinidad, Colorado.

## Notable commissions

All are in Santa Fe, New Mexico unless otherwise noted:
* Chaves County Courthouse, Roswell, Chaves County, New Mexico, 1911
* La Fonda Hotel, 1921–1922
* Las Animas County Court House, Trinidad, Las Animas County, Colorado, 1912
* New Mexico Building at the Panama–California Exposition, San Diego, California, 1915
* New Mexico Military Institute (multiple buildings), Roswell, beginning 1907
* New Mexico Museum of Art, 1917
* New Mexico State Building, Saint Louis World's Fair, St. Louis, Missouri, 1904
* New Mexico Territorial Capitol, 1903 (no longer extant, though parts of it can still be found inside the Bataan Building)
* New Mexico Territorial Executive Mansion, 1908 (no longer extant)
* Gross, Kelly, and Company Warehouse, built in 1913, in the Santa Fe Historic District
* First Christian Church of Trinidad, Colorado, 1922
* Fox West Theatre, Trinidad, Las Animas County, Colorado, 1908
* Temple Aaron, Trinidad, Colorado, 1889
# Bragado Partido

Bragado Partido is a partido of Buenos Aires Province in Argentina.
The provincial subdivision has a population of around 40,000 inhabitants in an area of 2,230 km$^2$ (860 sq mi), and its capital city is Bragado, which is around 210 km (130 mi) from Buenos Aires.

## Settlements

* Bragado
* Asamblea
* Comodoro Py
* General Eduardo O´Brien
* Irala
* La Limpia
* Máximo Fernández,
* Mechita
* Olascoaga
* Warnes

## Attractions

* Parque Gral. San Martín
# Isocitrate/isopropylmalate dehydrogenase family

In molecular biology, the isocitrate/isopropylmalate dehydrogenase family is a protein family consisting of the evolutionary related enzymes isocitrate dehydrogenase, 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase and tartrate dehydrogenase.
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), is an important enzyme of carbohydrate metabolism which catalyses the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate into alpha-ketoglutarate. IDH is either dependent on NAD$^+$ EC 1.1.1.41 or on NADP$^+$ EC 1.1.1.42. In eukaryotes there are at least three isozymes of IDH: two are located in the mitochondrial matrix (one NAD$^+$-dependent, the other NADP$^+$-dependent), while the third one (also NADP$^+$-dependent) is cytoplasmic. In Escherichia coli the activity of a NADP$^+$-dependent form of the enzyme is controlled by the phosphorylation of a serine residue; the phosphorylated form of IDH is completely inactivated.
3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase EC 1.1.1.85 (IMDH) catalyses the third step in the biosynthesis of leucine in bacteria and fungi, the oxidative decarboxylation of 3-isopropylmalate into 2-oxo-4-methylvalerate.
Tartrate dehydrogenase EC 1.1.1.93 catalyses the reduction of tartrate to oxaloglycolate.
# 1980 Thayer Tutt Trophy

The 1980 Thayer Tutt Trophy was the first edition of the Thayer Tutt Trophy. It was held from March 8–16, 1980 in Ljubljana, Yugoslavia (present-day Slovenia). Switzerland finished first, East Germany finished second, and Yugoslavia finished third.

## First round
### Group A

| Pl. | Team | GP | W | T | L | Goals | Pts |
| 1. | Yugoslavia | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 25:13 | 6 |
| 2. | Austria | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 21:18 | 5 |
| 3. | China | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 19:16 | 4 |
| 4. | Italy | 4 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 15:16 | 3 |
| 5. | Bulgaria | 4 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 10:27 | 2 |

### Group B

| Pl. | Team | GP | W | T | L | Goals | Pts |
| 1. | Switzerland | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 28:12 | 8 |
| 2. | East Germany | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 49:8 | 6 |
| 3. | Hungary | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 17:29 | 3 |
| 4. | France | 4 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 11:42 | 2 |
| 5. | Denmark | 4 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 12:26 | 1 |

## Final round
### Championship round

(games against previous opponents carried over from first round)
| Pl. | Team | GP | W | T | L | Goals | Pts |
| 1. | Switzerland | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 11:5 | 5 |
| 2. | East Germany | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 12:6 | 4 |
| 3. | Yugoslavia | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 13:8 | 3 |
| 4. | Austria | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3:20 | 0 |

### Placing round

(games against previous opponents carried over from first round)
| Pl. | Team | GP | W | T | L | Goals | Pts |
| 5. | Italy | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 21:8 | 5 |
| 6. | Hungary | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 14:12 | 4 |
| 7. | France | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 16:21 | 2 |
| 8. | China | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 9:19 | 1 |
# 1980 Tirreno–Adriatico

The 1980 Tirreno–Adriatico was the 15th edition of the Tirreno–Adriatico cycle race and was held from 8 March to 13 March 1980. The race started in Cerenova and finished in San Benedetto del Tronto. The race was won by Francesco Moser of the Sanson team.

## General classification

| Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
| 1 | Francesco Moser (ITA) | Sanson–Campagnolo | 21h 17' 28" |
| 2 | Alfons De Wolf (BEL) | Boule d'Or–Studio Casa | + 59" |
| 3 | Dante Morandi (ITA) | Hoonved–Bottecchia | + 1' 05" |
| 4 | Alf Segersäll (SWE) | Bianchi–Piaggio | + 1' 13" |
| 5 | Gianbattista Baronchelli (ITA) | Bianchi–Piaggio | + 1' 16" |
| 6 | Giuseppe Saronni (ITA) | Gis Gelati | + 1' 19" |
| 7 | Bernt Johansson (SWE) | Magniflex–Olmo | + 1' 36" |
| 8 | Michel Pollentier (BEL) | Splendor–Admiral | + 1' 46" |
| 9 | Valerio Lualdi (ITA) | Gis Gelati | + 2' 23" |
| 10 | Claudio Bortolotto (ITA) | San Giacomo–Benotto [ca] | + 2' 26" |
# Ballons des Vosges Nature Park

The Ballons des Vosges Regional Nature Park (French: Parc naturel régional des Ballons des Vosges) is a protected area of woodland, pasture, wetland, farmland and historical sites in the regions of Grand Est and Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in northeastern France. The area was officially designated as a regional natural park in 1989. 187 communes belonging to the departments of Haut-Rhin, Vosges, Haute-Saône and Territoire de Belfort are members of the park, which hosts 238,000 inhabitants. It is one of the largest and most populated French regional parks. A wide range of habitats available in the park benefit a variety of wildlife such as boreal owl, lynx, peregrine falcon, western capercaillie, Dianthus superbus, cranberry and Drosera.

## Image gallery
### Landscapes

* Mont Hohneck
* Twilight
* Landcap of Plateau des Mille Étangs
* Viewpoint Château de Lœwenstein
* Baerenthal dam

### Culture

* Fleckenstein ruins
* Graufthal village
* Cave-houses in Graufthal
* Château de La Petite-Pierre
* A permanent exhibition in the Munster park's headquarters
* Map of the nature park
# Christopher Cox (writer)

Christopher Cox (August 27, 1949 – September 7, 1990), born Ray Cox Jr., was an American writer.

## Biography

Christopher Cox was born in Gadsden, Alabama. At 16, he worked for conservative Senator John Sparkman as a page, but would later found a local chapter of Students for a Democratic Society at the University of Alabama.
In the 1970s, he moved to Manhattan and pursued a career with the SoHo Weekly News as both a writer and photographer. Cox, who was gay, is perhaps best known for his collaboration within The Violet Quill. He later went on to become senior editor of Ballantine Books. He appeared in William Shakespeare's Two Gentlemen of Verona, and later directed several plays at the Jean Cocteau Theater, New York City.
He died of an AIDS-related infection in 1990. His partner, William Olander, had died of the same disease in 1989.

## Works

* A Key West Companion, 1983
* Aunt Persian and the Jesus Man, assembled and edited by David Bergman in 1994
# Christianity in Namibia

Christianity in Namibia comprises more than 90 percent of the population. The largest Christian group is the Lutheran church, which is split into three churches: The Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia (ELCIN), which grew out of the work of the Finnish Evangelical Lutheran Mission (earlier known as the Finnish Missionary Society) which began in 1870 among the Ovambo and Kavango people; the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Republic of Namibia (ELCRN), which grew out of the work of the Rhenish Missionary Society from Germany which began working in the area in 1842; and the German-speaking Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia (ELCIN-GELC). In 2007 the three churches established the United Church Council of the Lutheran Churches in Namibia in an attempt to merge and unify.
The second-largest Christian denomination is Roman Catholicism. Smaller numbers are affiliated with the Anglican Church, the Baptist Church, the Methodist Church, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons), New Apostolic Church, Seventh-day Adventist Church, Branhamism, a number of Zionist Churches (a mixture of traditional African beliefs), and Pentecostal Christianity. The Dutch Reformed Church of Namibia is predominantly made up of members of the Afrikaner ethnic group.
# Giorgio Scherer

Giorgio Scherer (1831 - 1896) was an Italian painter, mainly of genre paintings.
He was born and resident in Parma. Among his many works, he exhibited an oil canvas in 1870 in Parma depicting; Titian and Odoardo Farnese; Consolare gli afflitti; La mascherata. In 1882, a Florence; A lesson at the piano forte; An unfortunate news ; exhibited in the next year, at the same Exposition. The son of the soldier ; Il merciaio ambulante, exhibited in 1884 in Turin.
# Belmont House (Montevideo)

Belmont House is a boutique hotel, located on the Avenida Rivera in Carrasco, Montevideo, Uruguay. It is set amidst gardens, has 24 rooms and suites and is served by the Restaurant Allegro. Belmont House retains the feel of an aristocratic home in Montevideo, with its lavish furnishings, and rooms with rich and colorful linens, two and four posters beds, marble bathrooms and Jacuzzis.
# Battle of Sandwich

Battle of Sandwich may refer to the following naval battles:
* Battle of Sandwich (851), between the West Saxons led by Æthelstan and the Danish Vikings
* Battle of Sandwich (1217), also called the Battle of Dover, part of the First Barons' War
* Battle of Sandwich (1460), during the Wars of the Roses
# Greg Hrbek

Greg Hrbek is an American fiction author and educator.

## Early years

Hrbek graduated from Kent School in Kent, Connecticut in 1986.

## Teaching

After earning a Bachelor of Arts from Vassar College in 1990, Hrbek taught kindergarten for three years in San Francisco and New York City, before studying for a Master of Fine Arts degree in English at the Iowa Writers' Workshop, which he completed in 1995. The University of Iowa awarded him an Iowa Arts Fellowship, and he won a James A. Michener Fellowship in 1995, which allowed him to write in California for a year, before returning to Vassar to teach half time in the English Department.
From 1999 to 2000, Hrbek taught fiction writing full-time at Butler University, then was awarded the year 2000 Alfred Hodder Fellowship from Princeton University, where he lived as fiction writer in residence. Since 2001, Hrbek has been teaching fiction writing courses as Writer-in-Residence at Skidmore College in Saratoga Springs, New York, where he lives with his wife, son and daughter.

## Writing

In 1996, at the age of 27, Hrbek won the James Jones First Novel Award for his first novel in progress, The Hindenburg Crashes Nightly, a complex story of obsessive, lifelong love. He had worked on this book for two years at the Iowa Writers' Workshop, and in California, and at Vassar while teaching. It was published in 1999 by Bard/Avon (ISBN 978-0380977413), and was widely reviewed, favorably by Publishers Weekly and Atlanta Journal-Constitution, mixed by The New York Times and Rocky Mountain News.
Since 1999, Hrbek has written short fiction, with stories appearing in Harper's Magazine, Salmagundi, Idaho Review, Conjunctions, and Black Warrior Review. His short story "Green World" (Harper's), was a finalist for the 1999 National Magazine Award in Fiction. "Bereavement" was a finalist for the 2007 Robert Olen Butler Prize, while "The Cliffs at Marpi" was a finalist for the 2006 Bridport Prize, each appearing in the respective anthologies. "Sagittarius" was a selection for The Best American Short Stories 2009. A collection of these short stories, Destroy All Monsters, was published by Bison Books in 2011, ISBN 978-0-8032-3644-8. It won the 2010 Prairie Schooner Book Prize in Fiction.