OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Spring Street Park

40°43′30″N 74°00′16″W﻿ / ﻿40.7249°N 74.0045°W﻿ / 40.7249; -74.0045
Spring Street Park is a small triangular park in the lower Manhattan neighborhood of Hudson Square in New York City. The park is bounded by Spring Street on the north, Broome Street on the south, Avenue of the Americas (Sixth Avenue) on the east, and on the west by a narrow two-block street considered to be a spur of Sixth Avenue. As a pedestrian plaza, the triangle was previously known as SoHo Square.
SoHo Square was created when Sixth Avenue was extended south of Carmine Street, one of several similar squares to come into existence in that way. In keeping with the renaming of the avenue as the "Avenue of the Americas" in 1945, it contains a larger-than-lifesize statue of General José Artigas, a Uruguayan independence leader and national hero. The statue is a second cast from a statue by Uruguayan sculptor José Luis Zorrilla de San Martín, the first of which stands in front of the Uruguayan National Bank in Montevideo, where it has been since 1949.
The land is owned by the New York City Department of Transportation and is maintained by the Hudson Square Business Improvement District (BID) and the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. Starting in April 2017, the park was redeveloped by the Hudson Square BID. The redesign and renovation was funded by $3 million from the BID, $2 million from the New York City Economic Development Corporation and $1 million from the New York City Council. The redevelopment provided 160 places to sit, including "swivel seats", customized energy-efficient lighting, and a total of 42 trees plus other plantings. In addition, the statue of General Artigas was moved to a more central location within the park. The aim of the redesign was to create "a world-class green space that residents, employees and visitors will enjoy for generations," according to City Council member Corey Johnson. The redesign of the plaza into a park is the centerpieces of the BID's streetscape improvement plan for the Hudson Square neighborhood. The park was partially reopened in August 2018 and fully reopened two months later.
The Dahesh Museum of Art, the Chelsea Career & Technical Education High School, the NYC iSchool, and the HERE Arts Center are all located around the park.
# Najm Afandi

Najm Afandi (1893–1975) نجم آفندی was an Urdu poet in India.

## Life

Najm Afandi was born in Agra, India in 1893. His father Bazm Afandi was also a poet.
# Spring Valley Presbyterian Church

The Spring Valley Presbyterian Church, also known as the Zena Church, in the community of Zena, is a Presbyterian congregation approximately 10 miles northwest of Salem, Oregon, United States.
According to a commemorative plaque in front of the church, it was built in 1859 with volunteer labor. The lumber came by boat on the Willamette River to the community of Lincoln, while the bell came from England via Cape Horn.
Directly adjacent to the church is a small cemetery of approximately 100 headstones. Sunday church services and private weddings are still held at Spring Valley. Local families continue to bury their dead in the cemetery.
The church was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

## Images

* The church's bell and belfry.
* An early gravestone from the churchyard.
# NZMC

NZMC may refer to:
* Code for Mount Cook Aerodrome
* New Zealand Motor Corporation
* New Zealand Music Commission
* Royal New Zealand Army Medical Corps
# NZPC

The initials NZPC can refer to several things, usually associated with New Zealand, including:
* New Zealand Performance Car magazine
* New Zealand Poker Championship
* New Zealand Press Council
* New Zealand Prostitutes' Collective
* Noordwijkse Zwem en Polo Club, Netherlands
# Nala, Jamtara

Nala is a village in Nala CD block in the Jamtara Sadar subdivision of the Jamtara district in the Indian state of Jharkhand.

## Geography
### Location

Nala is located at 23°55′25″N 87°02′07″E﻿ / ﻿23.923611°N 87.035278°E﻿ / 23.923611; 87.035278.

### Overview

The map shows a large area, which is a plateau with low hills, except in the eastern portion where the Rajmahal hills intrude into this area and the Ramgarh hills are there. The south-western portion is just a rolling upland. The entire area is overwhelmingly rural with only small pockets of urbanisation.
Note: The full screen map is interesting. All places marked on the map are linked in the full screen map and one can easily move on to another page of his/her choice. Enlarge the full screen map to see what else is there – one gets railway connections, many more road connections and so on.

### Area

Nala has an area of 233 hectares (580 acres).

## Demographics

According to the 2011 Census of India, Nala had a total population of 2,202, of which 1,136 (52%) were males and 1,066 (48%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 346. The total number of literate persons in Nala was 1,856 (75.32% of the population over 6 years).

## Civic administration
### Police station

There is a police station at Nala.

### CD block HQ

Headquarters of Nala CD block is at Nala village.

## Education

Degree College, affiliated with Sido Kanhu Murmu University, was established in 1988 at Nala.
Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya, Nala, is a Hindi-medium girls only institution established in 2007. It has facilities for teaching from class VI to class XII.
Government High School Nala is a Hindi-medium coeducational institution established in 1966. It has facilities for teaching from class IX to class XII.
Nala Inter College Gopalpur is a Hindi-medium coeducational institution established in 1984. It has facilities for teaching in classes XI and XII.
# Springville, South Carolina

Springville is a ghost town in Darlington County, South Carolina, United States. There was a post office in operation from 1826 until 1832.
It is the location given in the National Register of Historic Places for six places (all registered on October 10, 1985):
* Arthur Goodson House
* John L. Hart House (Springville, South Carolina)
* Evan J. Lide House
* John W. Lide House
* White Plains (Springville, South Carolina)
* Wilds Hall
# Téra Airport

Téra Airport (ICAO: DRRE) is an airport serving the city of Téra in Niger, close to the country's border with Burkina Faso.
13°57′00″N 0°43′59″E﻿ / ﻿13.95000°N 0.73300°E﻿ / 13.95000; 0.73300
* This article about an airport in Niger is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Spuds, Florida

Spuds is an unincorporated community in St. Johns County, Florida, United States. The community is situated in a region that depends economically on potato growing and other agriculture. As well as potatoes, the land around Spuds provides gladioli. A camp for German prisoners of war was built in Spuds during World War II, close to the intersection between State Roads 206 and 207.

## Location

Spuds is located at 29°44′22″N 81°28′18″W﻿ / ﻿29.7394°N 81.4717°W﻿ / 29.7394; -81.4717 (29.7394, -81.4717), near the intersection of State Road 207, which is six miles to the south-west leads to Hastings and 25 miles to the north-east leads to St. Augustine, and County Road 13, which eventually leads to Jacksonville, 50 miles to the north. A Florida East Coast Railway line formerly ran through Spuds from St. Augustine to Palatka, with a stop also called Spuds. Today this line is part of the Palatka-to-St. Augustine State Trail.
# St. Croix River (Nova Scotia)

The St. Croix River is a river in Nova Scotia entirely contained in Hants and Halifax Counties. Its headwaters are Panuke Lake. The river has been exploited for water power. There were water mills in the nineteenth century and in the 1930s three hydroelectric dams were built; they still operate.
The lower reaches of the St. Croix are tidal. There is a wide flood plain where the river has cut through limestone bedrock now exposed as white cliffs. The calcareous soil harbours the rare Rams Head Lady Slipper.
The Nova Scotia Government estimates that the number of people living within the St. Croix watershed numbered 19,233 in 2011.

## History

The river and (Panuk - Mi’kmaw Village) Panuke Lake (was once a river frequented by spawning salmon before it was dammed, displacing the Indigenous peoples) were used as an important portage route first by the Mi'kmaq and later by European explorers and settlers. There is an unpopulated Indian reserve (St Croix Indian Reserve) on the lake.
European settlement began with the Acadians (who named the river, calling the region Pisiguit).

### The Battle at St Croix (1750)

The Battle at St. Croix happened between New England Rangers and the Mi'kmaq. To capture the Acadians involved in the British defeat at the Fort Logis, Grand Pre the previous year, Cornwallis sent John Gorham (military officer) to Piziquid to construct Fort Edward (Nova Scotia) and imprison the Acadians. After two days of marching from Fort Sackville (present day Bedford), they come to the St Croix River. At the river a battle broke out with the Mi'kmaq. Gorham took over a saw mill and two local Acadian homes for protection. The Mi'kmaq numbers continued to grow, therefore Gorham sent a messenger to Fort Sackville for reinforcements, which ended the battle. After the Expulsion of the Acadians, New England Planters settled the area. Extensive land grants were let by the Nova Scotia colonial government beginning in 1761.
Today, the St. Croix is a popular river for canoe and kayaking enthusiasts. The lower floodplains are dyked and farmed. The river's tidal bore may be viewed at Tidal View Farm.

### 2023 Flood

On July 21 and 22, 2023, Nova Scotia received over 250+ millimeters of rain in less than an 8 hour period, leading to many rivers in the province to a 100-year flood. The water along the St. Croix rose so high that the dam began to breach, prompting the evacuation of everyone residing along the St. Croix River on the morning of the 22nd with fears the dam may have broke, but evacuation orders were rescinded later that evening. 3 people, a 52-year old man, 2 children, were found deceased on July 24 and 25, respectively, after having been reported missing after being swept away by floodwaters. A fourth person, identified as a youth who was travelling with a 52 year old man in the car that got swept away, was found August 2 along the shore in Advocate Harbour.
# St. Croix Island (Algoa Bay)

St. Croix Island is the largest of three islands in Algoa Bay, South Africa, located within 8 kilometres of the Port of Nqgura. The islands are of critical importance to sea bird populations, including the endangered African penguin.

## St. Croix Island

St. Croix Island at 33°47′58″S 25°46′11″E﻿ / ﻿33.79944°S 25.76972°E﻿ / -33.79944; 25.76972﻿ (St Croix) is 3.9 km (2.4 mi) from the nearest land and rises to 59 m (194 ft). The BirdLife fact sheet states the 12 ha (30 acres) island is only 58 m (190 ft) above sea level. It adds that the island is rocky and “supports minimal vegetation”. The island runs 700 m (2,300 ft) along a northwest, southeast axis and is about 360 m (1,180 ft) wide at its broadest – along the west coast. Its highest point is halfway along the north coast. Bartholomeu Dias planted a padrão and celebrated Mass on the island in March 1488. With 22,000 African penguins breeding on the island it is the largest breeding colony of this penguin species. Boat trips out of Port Elizabeth take tourists to see these birds. The population's modern history peaked in 1993, when 63,000 penguins lived there. The population is in decline, following the national and species' trend despite the best efforts of conservation group SANCCOB.
In 2019, the penguins of St. Croix island were impacted by an oil spill at the Port of Ngqura.
As of 2022 there has been no environmental impact assessment of the ship to shore bunkering with further spills leading to the collapse of the breading colonies.

## Brenton Island

Brenton Island (33°49′3″S 25°45′54″E﻿ / ﻿33.81750°S 25.76500°E﻿ / -33.81750; 25.76500﻿ (Brenton Island)) is equally sparsely vegetated and is less than 20 m (66 ft) in elevation, and is roughly 250 m × 200 m (820 ft × 660 ft) in size with a northwest-southeast orientation. It is 5.75 km (3.57 mi) to sea from the nearest point on the mainland and 1.75 km (1.09 mi) south of St. Croix. It is named after Naval Commissioner Sir Jahleel Brenton.

## Jahleel Island

Jahleel, at less than 10 m (33 ft) in height, is just over 1 km (0.62 mi) from the closest beach and less than that from the Port of Ngqura’s 2.6 km (1.6 mi) long eastern breakwater. Jahleel is about the same size as Brenton and has a north-south axis. It is 5.75 km (3.57 mi) west of St. Croix, and is named after Sir Jahleel Brenton.
# Namibotites argentata

Namibotites argentata is a species of ulidiid or picture-winged fly in the genus Namibotites of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

Namibia.
# USS Brule

Two ships of the United States Navy have been named Brule after a county in south central South Dakota, established on 14 January 1875 and named for the Brule subdivision of the Sioux Indians.
* USS Brule (APA-66), was commissioned on 31 October 1944.
* USS Brule (AKL-28), was commissioned on 31 October 1952.
# USS Commodore (1863)

The first USS Commodore was a steamer acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War. She was used by the Union Navy to patrol navigable waterways of the Confederacy to prevent the South from trading with other countries.

## Civil War service

Commodore, a side wheel steamer, was built at New Orleans, Louisiana, and fitted for service with the West Gulf Blockading Squadron during 1863. On 31 July 1863 Acting Master John R. Hamilton was ordered to her command with instructions to patrol in Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana. The small steamer remained there throughout the war.

## Renamed Fort Gaines

She was renamed Fort Gaines on 1 September 1864.

## Post-war decommissioning and disposal

Commodore was sold at New Orleans, 12 August 1865.
# Spurius Postumius

Spurius Postumius can refer to a number of different people from Roman history:
* Spurius Postumius Albus Regillensis (consul 466 BC)
* Spurius Postumius Albus Regillensis (consul 432 BC)
* Spurius Postumius Albinus Regillensis, consular tribune in 394 BC
* Spurius Postumius Albinus Caudinus, consul in 334 and 321 BC, general in the Second Samnite War
* Spurius Postumius Albinus (consul 186 BC)
* Spurius Postumius Albinus Paullulus, consul in 174 BC
* Spurius Postumius Albinus Magnus, consul 148 BC
* Spurius Postumius Albinus (consul 110 BC)
# Srour

Srour is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Mohamad Srour (born 1984), Lebanese IT Expert
* Ali Srour (born 1994), Lebanese-Norwegian boxer
* Bashar Srour (born 1972), Syrian footballer
* Heiny Srour (born 1945), Lebanese film director
* Mohamed Srour (born 1986), Egyptian gymnast
* Raul Henrique Srour (born 1961), Brazilian businessman
* Saad Hayel Srour (born 1947), Jordanian politician
# UNC13D

Protein unc-13 homolog D, also known as munc13-4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UNC13D gene.

## Function

Munc13-4 is a member of the UNC13 family, containing similar domain structure as other family members but lacking an N-terminal phorbol ester-binding C1 domain present in other Munc13 proteins. The protein appears to play a role in vesicle maturation during exocytosis and is involved in regulation of cytolytic granules secretion.

## Clinical significance

Mutations in the UNC13D gene are associated with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 3.
# Nambulite

Nambulite is a lithium bearing manganese silicate mineral with the chemical formula (Li,Na)Mn$_4$Si$_5$O$_{14}$(OH). It is named after the mineralogist, Matsuo Nambu (born 1917) of Tohoko University, Japan, who is known for his research in manganese minerals. The mineral was first discovered in the Funakozawa Mine of northeastern Japan, a metasedimentary manganese ore.
Nambulite is formed from the reaction between a hydrothermal solution and rhodonite, and commonly creates veins in the host rock. Other than a collector's gem, however, it has little economic value.
It belongs to the triclinic-pinacoidal crystal system (or triclinic-normal), meaning that it has three axes of unequal length (a, b, c), all intersecting at oblique angles with each other (none of the angles are equal to 90°). It belongs to the crystal class 1, meaning that any point on the crystal that is rotated 360° and then completely inverted will meet with an equal (but opposite) point on the crystal (see centrosymmetry). Its space group is P 1.
The three axes (a, b, c) have different indices of refraction, n$_a$ = 1.707, n$_b$ = 1.710, n$_c$ = 1.730. The index of refraction (RI) can be defined as n = c$_{air}$/c$_{mineral}$, where "n" is the index of refraction and "c" is the speed of light. The maximum birefringence is .023, the difference between the highest (n$_c$ = 1.730) and lowest (n$_a$ = 1.707) indices of refraction within the mineral.
In a medium with an index of refraction equaling 1.53, Nambulite has a calculated relief of 1.71–1.73, giving it a moderate to high relief. Relief is a measure of the difference between the index of refraction of the mineral and that of the medium (often Canada balsam or other epoxy with an RI of around 1.53–1.54).
Nambulite is an anisotropic crystal, where the velocity of light that passes through the crystal varies depending on the crystallographic direction. In contrast, an isotropic crystal includes all isometric crystals, and the velocity of light is equal in all directions. The mineral exhibits slight pleochroism. Pleochroism is an optical property observed when the mineral is viewed under the microscope in plane polarized light, and when it the stage of the microscope is rotated the observed colors change. The color change is due to different wavelengths being absorbed in different directions, and the color of the mineral depends on the crystallographic orientation.
# Nambul River

The Nambul River is a river in Manipur state, northeastern India, which flows through the heart of Imphal city.
The Nambul river is one of the main perennial sources of water for the Loktak Lake. The Nambul river is also one of the primary inland waterways that connected the villages of the southern and eastern part of the valleys and hills of Manipur with the main commercial and market hub in Imphal, the Khwairamband Keithel, in the past. This perennial river, which was of immense economic importance to Manipur until recent times has now been designated by town planners as ‘Nambul Nala’ (Nambul drain) or its tributary ‘Naga Nala’.
# Asia Pacific Exchange and Co-operation Foundation

The Asia Pacific Exchange and Co-operation Foundation (APECF) is a Chinese-government-backed organisation, based in Hong Kong. It is controversially planning to invest US$3 billion in the small Nepalese town of Lumbini, birthplace of the Buddha, to create a 'Mecca' for Buddhists of all strands.
In June 2011, it was reported in the Chinese media to have signed an agreement with the United Nations Industrial Development Organization for the project, which will help Lumbini "transcend religion, ideology and race" in its work to rejuvenate the culture and spirit of Buddhism, according to executive vice chairman Xiao Wunan.
The investment is enormous, constituting almost ten percent of Nepal's gross domestic product. However, neither the Nepalese government nor the local authorities were consulted about the project, they say.

## Organisation

The joint chairmen of APECF have varied backgrounds. They include Steven Clark Rockefeller Jr, a fifth-generation member of the Rockefeller family; Jack Rosen, chairman of the American Jewish Congress; Leon Charney, a real estate tycoon and former US presidential adviser; Prachanda, leader of the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) and former Prime Minister of Nepal; and Paras, the former Nepali crown prince whose father's monarchy was overthrown by Prachanda's forces. The executive vice-chairman of the foundation is Xiao Wunan.
# Ashok Laxmanrao Kukade

Ashok Laxmanrao Kukade is an Indian surgeon and author, who was awarded Padma Bhushan (2019), India's third-highest civilian award for his work in the medical field. He is the co-founder of Vivekanand Hospital and Research Center along with Dr.Firke, Dr.Alurkar in Latur, Maharashtra.

## Publications

* Katha Ek Dhyeysadhnechi (कथा एका ध्येयसाधनेची) (in Marathi). Snehal Prakashan.
* India portal
* Biography portal
# Nani Naroli

Nani Naroli is a village in Surat district, State of Gujarat India. Located 15 kilometres (15,000 m) away from the Kim Char Rasta highway, the village currently has a population of up to 10,000 people. It occupies a land area of 1795-49-48 hectares, but is expanding due to the rise in population. village is well known for coal mine, gipcl company located in this village aprt from it most of people dependent on agriculture,
In the early 1960s, the village primarily consisted of mud-built homes without electricity. Water was brought into residence in 1963. The village was primarily agricultural in the 1980s and early 1990s, cultivating cotton, rice, wheat, lentil, sesame, mung lentil, gram lentil and many more vegetables with the aid of farm animals such as horses, buffaloes, and bulls.

## Notable people

* Yusuf Motala, founder of Darul Uloom Bury
* Riyadh ul Haq, lead scholar of Al Kawthar Academy, Leicester
* This article about a location in Surat district, Gujarat, India is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# UB18

UB18 may refer to:
* UB18, a postcode district in the UB postcode area
* SM UB-18, a World War I German submarine
# Nai Aru Lagoon

Nai Aru Lagoon (or Nay Aru Lagoon) is an estuarine lagoon in Mullaitivu District, north-east Sri Lanka.
The lagoon is fed by a number of small rivers, including Nay Aru (Mullaitivu). It is linked to the sea by a narrow channel to the south that is very often blocked by a sand bar. The lagoon's water is brackish.
The lagoon is surrounded by dense forest, scrubland, rice paddies and coconut palm. The land is used for prawn fishing and paddy cultivation.
The lagoon has extensive sea grass beds and mangrove swamp. The lagoon attracts a wide variety of water birds including ducks, gulls, terns and other shorebirds.