OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Battle of Ferrybridge

The Battle of Ferrybridge, 28 March 1461, was a preliminary engagement between the houses of York and Lancaster before the larger battle of Towton, during the period now known as the Wars of the Roses.

## Background

After proclaiming himself king, Edward IV gathered together a large force and marched north towards the Lancastrian position behind the Aire River in Yorkshire. On 27 March the Earl of Warwick (leading the vanguard) forged a crossing at Ferrybridge, bridging the gaps (the Lancastrians having previously destroyed it) with planks. In the process he lost many men, both to the freezing winter water and to the frequent hail of arrows coming from a small but determined Lancastrian force on the other side. Once the crossing was managed and the Lancastrians seen off, Warwick had his men repair the bridge while camp was established on the north side of the river.

## Battle

Early next morning the Yorkists were ambushed by a large party of Lancastrians under Lord Clifford and John, Lord Neville, a younger brother of the 2nd Earl of Westmorland (Warwick's first cousins of the half blood). Completely surprised and confused Warwick's forces suffered many losses. Warwick's second-in-command at camp, Lord FitzWalter was mortally wounded while trying to rally his men (he died a week later). The Bastard of Salisbury, Warwick's half-brother, was slain and in the process of retreating the Earl of Warwick himself was injured, struck by an arrow in the leg. Jean de Wavrin states that nearly 3,000 men perished in the fighting.

## Aftermath

After the battle Edward arrived with his main army and together Warwick and Edward returned to the bridge to find it in ruins. Warwick sent his uncle, Lord Fauconberg with the Yorkist cavalry upstream to where they crossed the ford at Castleford and pursued Lord Clifford. Fauconberg pursued Lord Clifford, his half grand nephew, in sight of the main Lancastrian army and defeated him after a fierce struggle. Clifford was killed by an arrow in the throat, having removed the piece of armour that should have protected this area of his body, most likely so he could more easily issue commands.

## Date

Some doubt exists over what date the battle took place on due to the way the historical sources refer to the different times of the day. No contemporary source explicitly states that the battle took place on 28 March but refers to Palm Sunday eve which could refer to the morning before dawn on the 29th. Archaeology evidence indicates that the subsequent engagement near Dittingdale after crossing the river is too close to the location of the main battle at Towton to have been fought on a separate day. As the historical sources all agree that Lord Clifford was killed on the same day as the engagement at Ferrybridge, a new interpretation has been given of there being 3 consecutive engagements in one day – starting before dawn on 29 March and ending at Towton. If this is the case it has been suggested the quoted casualty figures given for the battle of Towton may include those killed at Ferrybridge.
# Great Northern Tower

The Great Northern Tower is a 72-metre (236 ft) sloped high-rise apartment building located on Watson Street in Manchester city centre, England. It is adjacent to its namesake, the Grade II listed Great Northern Warehouse. The building was proposed in 2001 and construction began in 2004 with completion in 2007. The total cost of the development was £32,800,000 and comprises 257 apartments. It was designed by Assael Architecture and built by Carillion.
The sloped style of the building was designed to complement the curved roof of the neighbouring Manchester Central Convention Complex, and create a distinctive silhouette to the Manchester skyline. Clad in glass, metal, and grey tiles, the tower slopes in profile from 10 to 25 storeys, and has two levels in the basement.

## Amenities

The building is located centrally in regards to the main tram and railway stations in Manchester, with the Deansgate-Castlefield tram stop/Deansgate railway station, St Peter's Square tram stop and Manchester Oxford Road railway station each within a few minutes walk. It is also adjacent to Deansgate and the Manchester Central Convention Complex (commonly known as Manchester Central or GMEX).

## Occupancy

The building's ground floor units have hosted numerous businesses over the years, including the One Watson Street, Taps and Epernay champagne bars, the Zaika and Kolkata restaurants, and more recently the Kieley's Irish Bar.

## Gallery

* Aerial view at sunset
* Viewed from Manchester centre
* Great Northern Square
* Viewed from behind
# Battle of Franklin (disambiguation)

The Battle of Franklin was a major battle of the American Civil War. It was fought at Franklin, Tennessee, on November 30, 1864, as part of the Franklin–Nashville Campaign.
Battle of Franklin may also refer to:

## American Civil War

* Battle of Franklin (1863), a minor engagement on April 10, 1863, in Williamson County, Tennessee
* Joint Expedition Against Franklin, fought October 3, 1862, in Franklin, Virginia, and the nearby Blackwater River
* Battle of Irish Bend, fought April 14, 1863, near Franklin, Louisiana

## Other uses

* Battle of Franklin (1788), a skirmish between the governments of North Carolina and the unrecognized State of Franklin
# Battle of Zurich

The Battle of Zurich may refer to:
* The siege of Zurich during the Old Zürich War (1443–1446)
* Either of two battles during the war between revolutionary France and the Second Coalition (1798–1800):
** First Battle of Zurich, (June 1799)
** Second Battle of Zurich, (September 1799)
* The Züriputsch (6 September 1839)
# Great Western Bank (South Dakota)

Great Western Bank, whose holding company was Great Western Bancorp, Inc. (NYSE: GWB), was a regional bank based in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States. There were over 170 locations in Arizona, Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota and South Dakota. In September of 2021 they announced a merger with First Interstate BancSystem and completed it in February of the following year. Great Western Bank had assets of $12.39 billion at the time of its merger.

## History

Great Western Bank's charter began in 1935 with the establishment of the Farmers and Merchants Bank in Watertown, South Dakota. The bank's name was changed to Great Western Bank in 2003. It was acquired by National Australia Bank in 2008. In October 2014, NAB began to release its holding through an initial public offering. NAB sold its final listing in July 2015.
In 2010, Great Western took over the failed Lincoln, Nebraska-based TierOne Bank. In November 2015, Great Western announced the acquisition of Sioux Falls-based HF Financial Corp., the parent company of Home Federal Bank.
In 2021, Great Western Bank signed a definitive agreement to merge with Montana-based First Interstate BancSystem. The merger was completed on February 1, 2022, making Great Western an operating division of First Interstate Bank; Great Western locations became First Interstate Bank branches on May 23, 2022.
# Off Their Rockers

Off Their Rockers may refer to:
* Betty White's Off Their Rockers, an American reality comedy television series
* Off Their Rockers (Australian TV series), a 2013 Australian comedy television series
* Off Their Rockers (British TV series), a 2013 British hidden camera sketch series
# Grupiara viridis

Grupiara viridis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, the only species in the genus Grupiara.
# PCGF2

Polycomb group RING finger protein 2, PCGF2, also known as MEL18 or RNF110, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PCGF2 gene.

## Function

The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger motif. PCGF2 is a component of the canonical PRC1 complex composed of RING1A/B, CBX2/CBX4, polyhomeotic (PHC) proteins and is very similar to the PCGF4/BMI1 containing PRC1. Canonical PRC1 binds to chromatin via the chromodomain of the CBX subunit that recognizes the H3K27me3 mark deposited by PRC2. Canonical PRC1 complexes have been shown to compact chromatin and mediate higher-order chromatin structures.
Polycomb complexes maintain the transcription repression of genes involved in embryogenesis, cell cycles, and tumorigenesis. PCGF2 was shown to act as a negative regulator of transcription and has tumor suppressor activity. The expression of this gene was detected in various tumor cells, but is limited in neural organs in normal tissues. Knockout studies in mice suggested that this protein may negatively regulate the expression of different cytokines, chemokines, and chemokine receptors, and thus plays an important role in lymphocyte differentiation and migration, as well as in immune responses.
# Manmatha Nath Mukherjee

Sir Manmatha Nath Mukherjee (also spelt Mukherji or Mukerji; 28 October 1874 – 6 December 1942) was a Bengali judge of the Calcutta High Court and a distinguished jurist. He was also the Law Member of the Viceroy's Executive Council and awarded Knighthood in 1935. Manmatha Nath was the son-in-law of Bengali scholar Sir Gooroodas Banerjee.

## Early life

Manmatha Nath was born in the village of Jagati in Nadia district of undivided Bengal, the son of Unadi Nath Mukherjee. Manmatha Nath received his education at the Albert Collegiate School. After passing entrance examination joined in the Presidency College, Kolkata and completed M.A. He further studied Law in Surendranath Law College (the then Ripon College, Calcutta) and awarded gold medal in Thakur Law Examination.

## Career

In 1924 Mukherjee started work as a junior advocate in Calcutta High Court and uplifted as Judge in 1935. He became popular for some notable, impartial judgements to solve critical disputes such as Tarakeswar Temple case. He also became a Bengali Law Member of the Viceroy's Executive Council, President of the Calcutta Literary Society, Since 1926 and President of the Indian Research Institute. After retirement Mukherjee started practice law in Patna High Court and social works, organized anti communal campaign in Bengal. He Inaugurated the Mandir building of New Delhi Kali Bari. Government of India appointed him as Law Secretary for few days considering the outstanding legal knowledge of Mukherjee. He wrote few books on Law.

## Awards

In 1935, Mukherjee was knighted. For his exceptional contribution in legal arena, Nabadwip Bangabibudhajanani Sabha honoured him 'Nyayranjan', Varanasi Hindu Mahamandal gave the title 'Dharmalankar' and 'Nyadhish' was awarded by Sanskrit college. A road in Kolkata near Sealdah was named after him, Justice Manmatha Mukherjee Row.
# 1961 IAAF World Race Walking Cup

The 1961 IAAF World Race Walking Cup was held in Lugano, Ticino, Switzerland, on October 15–16, 1961. The event was also known as Lugano Trophy.
Complete results were published.

## Medallists

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| Men |||||||
| 20 km walk | Ken Matthews (GBR) | 1:30:55 | Lennart Back (SWE) | 1:32:12 | George Williams (GBR) | 1:34:02 |
| 50 km walk | Abdon Pamich (ITA) | 4:25:38 | Don Thompson (GBR) | 4:30:35 | Åke Söderlund (SWE) | 4:36:48 |
| Men (Team) |||||||
| Team | United Kingdom | 53 pts | Sweden | 53 pts | Italy | 28 pts |

## Results
### Men's 20 km

| Place | Athlete | Nation | Time |
| | Ken Matthews | Great Britain (GBR) | 1:30:55 |
| | Lennart Back | Sweden (SWE) | 1:32:12 |
| | George Williams | Great Britain (GBR) | 1:34:02 |
| 4 | John Ljunggren | Sweden (SWE) | 1:34:22 |
| 5 | Erik Söderlund | Sweden (SWE) | 1:35:17 |
| 6 | Tibor Balajcza | Hungary (HUN) | 1:36:17 |
| 7 | Bob Clark | Great Britain (GBR) | 1:36:52 |
| 8 | Giuseppe Dordoni | Italy (ITA) | 1:37:17 |
| 9 | Antal Kiss | Hungary (HUN) | 1:37:39 |
| 10 | István Göri | Hungary (HUN) | 1:39:06 |
| 11 | Gianni Corsaro | Italy (ITA) | 1:42:46 |
| — | Stefano Serchinich | Italy (ITA) | DNF |

### Men's 50 km

| Place | Athlete | Nation | Time |
| | Abdon Pamich | Italy (ITA) | 4:25:38 |
| | Don Thompson | Great Britain (GBR) | 4:30:35 |
| | Åke Söderlund | Sweden (SWE) | 4:36:48 |
| 4 | Ray Middleton | Great Britain (GBR) | 4:39:24 |
| 5 | Ingvar Green | Sweden (SWE) | 4:42:27 |
| 6 | Evert Leonardsson | Sweden (SWE) | 4:43:25 |
| 7 | István Havasi | Hungary (HUN) | 4:46:59 |
| 8 | Luigi De Rosso | Italy (ITA) | 4:49:22 |
| 9 | Charley Fogg | Great Britain (GBR) | 4:49:22 |
| 10 | Antonio De Gaetano | Italy (ITA) | 5:05:02 |
| 11 | Géza Szabó | Hungary (HUN) | 5:12:57 |
| 12 | Béla Dinesz | Hungary (HUN) | 5:13:03 |

### Team

From this edition up to 1997, the team ranking was named Lugano Trophy and combined the results of the 20km and 50km races..
| Place | Country | Points |
| | United Kingdom | 53 pts |
| | Sweden | 53 pts |
| | Italy | 28 pts |
| 4 | Hungary | 23 pts |

## Participation

* Hungary (6)
* Italy (6)
* Sweden (6)
* United Kingdom (6)

## Qualifying rounds

From 1961 to 1985 there were qualifying rounds with the winners proceeding to the final.
# Christfried Kirch

Christfried Kirch (24 December 1694, Guben – 9 March 1740, Berlin) was a German astronomer and almanac publisher.

## Life and work

He was born in Guben, Germany the son of the astronomers Gottfried Kirch and Maria Margaretha Kirch. Christfried had already participated in the solar observations of his father at the age of 12. His astronomical studies began in Leipzig and Danzig.
From 1716 until his death in 1740 he was, like his father, Direktor of the Berlin Observatory, in spite of repeated requests from the Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg. In 1717 he had received his father's former post at the Königlich Preußischen Sozietät der Wissenschaften. In the continuation of his father's work, especially in almanac calculation, he was aided by his mother and his younger sister .
In 1726 Kirch was made responsible for the academy's library which up until then had been the responsibility of the secretary of the academy, Johann Theodor Jablonski, and was appointed Librarian in 1735.
Christfried Kirch published many articles in several journals. He described the comet of 1718, observations of sunspots and the surface of Venus and of Jupiter, of occultation of the moons of Jupiter, of variable stars, as well as the Northern Lights and the Earth's magnetic field. In 1730 appeared his greatest work Observationes astronomicae selectiores in observatorio regio Berolinensi habitae, quibus adjectae sunt annotationes quaedam et animadversiones geographicae et chronologicae, aliaque ad astronomicam scientiam pertinentia.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1742.

## Literature

* Siegmund Günther (1882), "Kirch, Gottfried", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 15, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 787–788 (Familienartikel)
# Aymen Sfaxi

Aymen Sfaxi (born 24 April 1995) is a Tunisian professional footballer who plays as right winger for Egyptian Premier League Future FC. He previously played for Étoile Sportive du Sahel.

## Club career

Sfaxi started his career with the youth team of Étoile Sportive du Sahel. He later joined EO Sidi Bouzid on a one-year loan. He returned from the loan and made his debut in the 2016–17 season. In July 2018, he joined Stade Tunisien on a two-year loan deal. He returned and played for Étoile Sportive du Sahel during the 2020–21 season which he ended as the top scorer in the Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1.
After emerging top scorer and based on his performances, he became a transfer target to several clubs in Tunisia and Egypt. On 13 September 2021, he joined Egyptian Premier League Future FC on a three-year deal.

## International career

In 2014, Sfaxi was a member of the Tunisia national under-20 team.

## Honours

Individual
* Tunisian Ligue Professionelle 1 Top Goalscorer: 2020–21
# Heinrich Fehrentz

Heinrich Hermann Fehrentz (26 June 1908 in Spiesen – 22 December 1943 in Stuttgart) was a German truck driver and sportsman, who was critical of the Nazi regime and listened to foreign radio stations, so called Feindsender. He was arrested, sentenced and executed at age 35.

## Life

Fehrentz came from a miner's family in Saarland, near the French border, and had nine siblings. Already at age 14 he had to work in a coal mine. He left the locksmith's training in Saarbrücken for economic reasons. Afterwards, he became a wandering labourer in Alsace and Luxembourg, working as a land-grabber and locksmith. At the end of the 1920s he moved to Heidelberg to live with his brother Hans. First he worked there as a shoemaker and roller shutter fitter. He was a member of the Red Sports, where he mostly did wrestling. After a motorcycle accident, he found a job as a truck driver and locksmith at the company Seppich. He married Gertrud née. Blum in 1938. The couple moved to an apartment in Dreikönigstraße and had two children.
After the defeat of Stalingrad the Nazi regime exacerbated their policies against any kind of resistance inside the Reich. Fehrentz was an outspoken anti-fascist and was introduced to some members of the illegal Communist Party by his brother. He did not join the Party but he regularly met some friends at the local pub "Zum Neckarstaden" for bowling and exchanging news they heard from acquaintances or from the radio programs of the Allied forces. The group was opposed to the Nazi regime. The circle was betrayed by an informer to the Gestapo. On 10 February 1943, seven persons were arrested, including Heinrich Fehrentz, and on 26 October 1943 they were sentenced by the Oberlandesgericht Stuttgart. The accusation was "preparation for high treason, undermining of military morale and listening to enemy radio stations". Six of his friends were sentenced to lengthy prison terms, while Heinrich Fehrentz was sentenced to death. Prosecutor Krebs has characterized him as a dangerous enemy of the Reich and as the leader of the group. Emilie Fehrentz remembers: "And then I was present there [at the trial]. They had already fixed everything in advance and then, they read the verdict directly from the print-outs. You can say, it was like a show trial."
On 22 December 1943 he was executed in Stuttgart.

## Remembrance

In 1950, an honorary grave site was established in Heidelberg's Bergfriedhof, the main cemetery of the town as a memorial to the resistance fighters of Heidelberg who were murdered by the Nazi regime. His name is engraved in a memorial stone there.
In 1974 the Mühlstraße in Heidelberg-Bergheim was renamed to Fehrentzstrasse. In March 2014 an addition plaque was mounted on the street sign remembering Heinrich Fehrentz.
On 12 October 2010 Gunter Demnig posed a Stolperstein in front of his last residence in Dreikönigstraße 15. The inscription says:
                   HERE LIVED HEINRICH FEHRENTZ BORN 1908 ARRESTED 1943 'ENEMY RADIO STATIONS' LISTENED PRISON STUTTGART EXECUTED 22.12.1943
# Helicobacter bilis

Helicobacter bilis is a bacterium in the Helicobacteraceae family, Campylobacterales order. It is a fusiform bacterium with three to 14 multiple bipolar sheathed flagella and periplasmic fibers wrapped around the cell. It is resistant to cephalothin and nalidixic acid, but sensitive to metronidazole. Like Helicobacter hepaticus, it colonizes the bile, liver, and intestine of mice, and is associated with multifocal chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular tumors.
This strain was originally isolated from a 47-year-old man with a one-month history of diarrhea, fever, and lower abdominal pain, and designated Flexispira rappini Romero et al. 1988. Hänninen et al. (2005) proposed to include this taxon in the species Helicobacter bilis, although based on 16S rRNA gene sequence, it is one of 10 distinct groups, which has been called Helicobacter sp. flexispira taxon 8 (provisionally Helicobacter rappini) [Dewhirst et al. 2000]. H. rappini has also been isolated from the feces of healthy people, dogs, and mice, as well as from patients with bacteremia. H. bilis and the other taxa include isolates from a wide range of host species, and have been associated with diarrhea, hepatitis, cholangitis, gallstones, liver cancer, and ovine abortion.
# Behavioral portfolio theory

Behavioral portfolio theory (BPT), put forth in 2000 by Shefrin and Statman, provides an alternative to the assumption that the ultimate motivation for investors is the maximization of the value of their portfolios. It suggests that investors have varied aims and create an investment portfolio that meets a broad range of goals. It does not follow the same principles as the capital asset pricing model, modern portfolio theory and the arbitrage pricing theory. A behavioral portfolio bears a strong resemblance to a pyramid with distinct layers. Each layer has well defined goals. The base layer is devised in a way that it is meant to prevent financial disaster, whereas, the upper layer is devised to attempt to maximize returns, an attempt to provide a shot at becoming rich.
BPT is a descriptive theory based on the SP/A theory of Lola Lopes (1987), and closely related to Roy's safety-first criterion. The theory is described as a single account version: BPT-SA, which is very closely related to the SP/A theory.
In this multiple account version, investors can have fragmented portfolios, just as we observe among investors. They even propose in their initial article a Cobb–Douglas utility function that shows how money is allocated in the two mental accounts.
# Belize at the 2023 World Athletics Championships

Belize competed at the 2023 World Athletics Championships in Budapest, Hungary, from 19 to 27 August 2023.

## Results

Belize entered 1 athlete.

### Key

* Q = Qualified for the next round
* q = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser or, in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target
* NR = National record
* PB = Personal best
* SB = Season best
* N/A = Round not applicable for the event

### Men
#### Track and road events

| Athlete | Event | Preliminary | Preliminary | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Brandon Jones | 100 metres | 10.94 | 2 Q | 10.95 | 7 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
# Helene Wiese

Helene Marie Reutzer Wiese (April 9, 1828 – July 3, 1862) was a Norwegian actress and singer.
Helene Wiese was born in Bergen, the daughter of the Indonesian military surgeon Erling Anton Onthong Wiese (1799–1860) and Catharina Petronelle Albrechtsen (1805–1850). She was the sister of the singer and voice teacher Camilla Wiese. She married the actor Jacob Prom (1831–1865) in Bergen on October 2, 1854, and they were the parents of the actress, singer, and voice teacher Berglioth Prom.
Wiese debuted on January 29, 1851 at the Norwegian Theater in her hometown of Bergen, in the role of Constance in Johan Ludvig Heiberg's play Aprilsnarrene (April Fools). She remained engaged at this theater until her death. In 1854, she was a guest performer with the Trondheim theater troupe of Bergen under the direction of Henrik Ibsen.
During her time, Wiese achieved far greater fame as a singer than as an actress. With her beautiful singing voice, she made a strong impression in the popular vaudeville performances of the time.

## Selected roles

* Constance in Aprilsnarrene (April Fools) by Johan Ludvig Heiberg (Norwegian Theater, 1851)
* Kari in Julegjæsten (The Christmas Guest) by Claus Pavels Riis (Norwegian Theater, 1852)
* Karen in Anna Kolbjørnsdatter by Rolf Olsen (Norwegian Theater, 1852)
* Mrs. Berg in Sancthansnatten (St. John's Eve) by Henrik Ibsen (Norwegian Theater, 1853)