OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gross Gewehr-Panzergranate

The Große Gewehr-Panzergranate was a shaped charge rifle grenade that was developed by Germany and used by the Wehrmacht during World War II.

## Design

The Große Gewehr-Panzergranate was launched from a Gewehrgranatengerät or Schiessbecher ("shooting cup") on a standard service rifle by a blank cartridge. The primary components were a nose cap, internal steel cone, steel upper body, aluminum lower body, rifled driving band, cast TNT filling, and a base fuze with a penthrite booster charge.
The Große Gewehr-Panzergranate was an anti-armor weapon like its predecessor the Gewehr-Panzergranate but it was larger, had better penetration, and better range. Driven by the inertia upon hitting the target, the base fuze of the Große Gewehr-Panzergranate actuated a percussion cap, which fired an instantaneous detonator seated in the compressed penthrite pellet of the gaine, which in turn transmitted the detonation through an adjacent penthrite pellet (the booster) to the main TNT filling, so collapsing the internal steel cone to create a superplastic high-velocity jet to punch through enemy armor. Since shaped charge weapons rely on chemical energy to penetrate enemy armor the low velocity of the grenade did not adversely affect penetration. A downside of the Große Gewehr-Panzergranate was its short range of 91 m (100 yd).
# Breaking bread

Breaking bread may refer to:

## Christianity

* The Christian Eucharist
** Fraction (religion), the practice of breaking the sacramental bread during the Eucharist
* Road to Emmaus appearance, a post-resurrection appearance of Jesus described in the Gospel of Luke

## Entertainment

* Breakin' Bread, a 1974 album by The J.B.'s
* "Breaking Bread", a song by Del Amitri from the 1985 album Del Amitri
* "Breaking Bread", a song by Johnny Cash from the 2003 album Unearthed
* "Breaking Bread", a song by Matmos from the 2019 album Plastic Anniversary
* "Breaking Bread", an episode of the TV series Pie in the Sky
* "Breaking Bread", an episode of the TV series Touched by an Angel
* "Breaking Bread", an episode of the TV series Traffic Light

## Other uses

* Fractio Panis (Breaking of the Bread), a fresco in the Catacomb of Priscilla, Rome
* Breaking Bread: A Baker's Journey Home in 75 Recipes, a 2017 book by baker Martin Philip
# Palmovka (Prague Metro)

Palmovka (Czech pronunciation:) is a Prague Metro station on Line B and also a neighborhood and a street in Libeň (Prague 8). The western metro entrance connects the station with the tram lines; the eastern one connects the station to a bus terminal.
The station was opened on 22 November 1990 as part of the extension from Florenc to Českomoravská. The station was dug by a cut-and-cover method. The station is 203 metres (666 ft) long and its platform is 10 metres (33 ft) wide, without columns. Both ends of the platform have escalators connecting users with the vestibules. Step-free access for the station was completed in November 2017, through the installation of two passenger lifts connecting the western metro station entrance with the station platform.
The name of the station and adjacent neighbourhood derives from the Palm's homestead, from the family name of the 18th-century owners of the homestead, which have already disappeared under the new development.

## Gallery

* Entrance to Palmovka metro station
* Station
# Orchidarium

Orchidarium may refer to:
* A vivarium, specifically for the cultivation of orchids
* An area in a park or botanical garden dedicated to orchids
# Hemipilia monantha

Hemipilia monantha is a species of plant in the family Orchidaceae native to China from south-eastern Tibet to south-central and north-central China.

## Taxonomy

The species was first described by Achille Eugène Finet in 1902, as Peristylus monanthus. It was later transferred to Orchis and to Amitostigma. A molecular phylogenetic study in 2014, in which it was included as Amitostigma monanthum, found that species of Amitostigma, Neottianthe and Ponerorchis were mixed together in a single clade, making none of the three genera monophyletic as then circumscribed. Amitostigma and Neottianthe were subsumed into Ponerorchis, with this species then becoming Ponerorchis monantha. The genus Ponerorchis has since been synonymized with the genus Hemipilia, resulting in the present name.
# Glycidic acid

Glycidic acid is an organic compound that has both epoxide and carboxylic acid functions. It may be prepared by the oxidation of glycidol, or by the epoxidation of acrylic acid. This compound is commercially available as well.
# Helene Whittaker

Helène Whittaker (born 13 March 1958) is a Canadian-Norwegian archaeologist and scholar of antiquity. She is known for her work on the Bronze Age Aegean, ancient Greek and Roman language and culture, and Early Christianity. As of 2022, she is professor of Classical Archaeology and Ancient History at the University of Gothenburg in Sweden.

## Education and career

Whittaker studied languages and archeology at the University of Bergen, finishing her candidata philologiae in 1983. She continued her studies at the University of Tromsø and the University of Toronto, completing a Ph.D. in 1996.
Having been a senior lecturer at the University of Tromsø in 1994–2004, she was promoted to full professor at the same university in 2004. In 2009, she was the Peter W. Warren visiting professor in Aegean prehistory at the University of Bristol. In 2013, she accepted the position as professor of Classical Archaeology and Ancient History at the department of Historical Studies at the University of Gothenburg. Together with Maria Vaïopoulou, she directed the Greek-Swedish Vlochos Archaeological Project at Thessalian Vlochos in 2016–2018.

## Work

Whittaker is known for her work on archaeology and antiquity. A portion of her research examines the history of games, and she has commented on the historical significance of hnefatafl, an ancient board game that was common during the early Middle Ages.

## Selected publications

* Whittaker, Helène (1997). Mycenaean Cult Buildings. A Study of their Architecture and Function in the Context of the Aegean and Eastern Mediterranean.
* Lee, Geoff; Whittaker, Helene; Wrightson, Graham, eds. (2015). Ancient warfare : introducing current research. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 1-4438-8236-4. OCLC 922704152.
* Whittaker, Helène (2014). Religion and Society in Middle Bronze Age Greece. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107049871.
* Whittaker, Helène (2018). "Approaches to Popular Religion in Late Bronze Age Greece". In Vavouranakis, Giorgos; Kopanias, Konstantinos; Kanellopoulos, Chrysanthos (eds.). Popular Religion and Ritual in Prehistoric and Ancient Greece and the Eastern Mediterranean. Oxford: Archaeopress. pp. 55–62.
* Vaïopoulou, Maria; Whittaker, Helene; Rönnlund, Robin; Tsiouka, Fotini; Klange, Johan; Pitman, Derek; Potter, Rich; Shaw, Lawrence; Hagan, Josephine; Siljedahl, Ellen; Forssén, Matilda; Chandrasekaran, Sujatha; Dandou, Sotiria; Forsblom Ljungdahl, Veronica; Pavilionytė, Asta; Scott-Pratt, Hayden; Schager, Elisabet; Manley, Harry (2020). "The 2016–2018 Greek-Swedish archaeological project at Thessalian Vlochos, Greece". Opuscula. Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome. 13: 7–72. doi:10.30549/opathrom-13-02.

## Awards and honours

In 2014 Whittaker was named to the Royal Society of Sciences and Letters in Gothenburg. She was elected as a member of the Academia Europaea in 2020.
# Begonia annulata

Begonia annulata, the ringed begonia, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Begonia native to the eastern Himalaya, Bangladesh, Assam in India, Myanmar, and Vietnam. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
# Interstate 35E

Interstate 35E may refer to:
* Interstate 35E (Texas), a 97-mile (156 km) long branch route serving Dallas, Texas
* Interstate 35E (Minnesota), a 41-mile (66 km) long branch route serving St. Paul, Minnesota
# Grand Naniloa Hotel

The Grand Naniloa Hotel is a hotel in Hilo, Hawaii, on the eastern side of the Big Island. It is the largest hotel in the state of Hawaii's second largest city, and has the longest history as a hotel on Hawaii Island.

## History

* view
* talk
* Points of interest
* Parks and open spaces
* Transportation
The Grand Naniloa Hotel opened in 1939, on Waiakea Peninsula, a small peninsula that protrudes into Hilo Bay. It is located on Banyan Drive which was developed in the early 1930s and which is lined with large Hawaiian banyan trees. Liliuokalani Park and Gardens are within a walking distance.
In 1946, Hilo was devastated by the tsunami associated with the 1946 Aleutian Islands earthquake and others, but the town and hotel recovered.
The hotel currently consists of three towers, named after the Big Island's volcanos: Mauna Kea, Mauna Loa, and Kilauea.
The management and ownership of the hotel have changed several times. It was originally owned by a local company. In 2013, Aqua-Aston Hotels and Resorts of Honolulu started its management, while Tower Development became the owner.
In 2016, the Hilton Hotels & Resorts completed a three-year renovation of the hotel, and it now operates as a Hilton DoubleTree hotel. It was a $30 million renovation.

## Hula

The hotel has an association with hula dancing. It is a host of Hilo's annual Merrie Monarch Festival, which began in 1963, and is now a week-long event with three days of hula competition. The Hula Halau Ke 'Olu Makani 'O Mauna Loa, a hālau hula, regularly practices on the hotel's grounds.
Frommer's summarizes that the hotel "has declared itself 'the home of hula.' Renowned photographer Kim Taylor Reese’s images of hula dancers hang on virtually every wall, high-definition video of the Merrie Monarch hula competition plays in the new, open-air lobby, with a central bar. Hula Hulas poolside restaurant offers locally sourced dishes, live music, and hula."

## Other

The hotel has a nine-hole golf course, the only one in Hilo. The hotel has a small swimming pool and stands directly on Hilo Bay, but the guests have to drive one or two miles from Banyan Drive to Kalanianaole Avenue to find sand beaches.
Like other businesses on the bay, the Grand Naniloa Hotel does not own the land on which the hotel is situated, nor its golf course, but rather leases from the Hawai'i Department of Land and Natural Resources. The lease was assumed in the 2013 purchase of the property when the lease had 58 years remaining and required payments of $500,000 per year.
# Gross Lengden

Gross Lengden is a village in the Gleichen in the Göttingen district of Lower Saxony, Germany, about ten kilometers east of Göttingen. It had 1,040 inhabitants as of 2005. The village lies at the foot of the hills leading to the Mackenröder Spitze.
The village's heart is characterized by small winding streets and well-preserved half-timbered houses. In two years running (1996, 1997), it won prizes for improved village appearance.
The earliest mention of the community is an AD 822 chronicle of the Fulda Abbey, where it is referred to as "Lengidi" and "Lengithi.“

## Government

* Mayor: Joachim Johannes Thiery

## Significant people associated with Gross Lengden

* Heinrich Albert Lion (born in Bamberg in 1796; died in Groß Lengden in 1867), Classical philologist
* Friedrich Ernst Fehsenfeld (1853–1933), co-founder of the Karl-May-Verlag publishing house

## Sources

* Das bietet Groß Lengden: http://www.gleichen.de/gr-lengden/home.htm
* Gross Lengden: http://www.gross-lengden.de/
51°31′N 10°02′E﻿ / ﻿51.517°N 10.033°E﻿ / 51.517; 10.033
* This Lower Saxony location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Breaking bulk

Break bulk or breaking bulk may refer to:
* Breakbulk cargo, a shipping term for any loose material that must be loaded individually, and not in Intermodal containers nor in bulk as with oil or grain
* Breaking bulk (law), a legal term for taking anything out of a package or parcel or in any way destroying its entirety
# IAds

IAds or IADS may stand for:

## Organisations and businesses

* International Association of Department Stores, a trade organisation dedicated to this retail format

## Technology

* iAd, a mobile advertising service operated by Apple Inc.
# Hemiolaus ceres

Hemiolaus ceres is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found on Madagascar. The habitat consists of forests.
# Baidyabati railway station

Baidyabati railway station is located on the Howrah–Bardhaman main line, in Hooghly district, West Bengal, India. A standard, on-ground, station, it serves Baidyabati town.
# Hemidactylus paaragowli

Hemidactylus paaragowli, also known as the Travancore rock gecko, is a species of large rock-dwelling gecko endemic to Southern Western Ghats of India.
# Begonia beryllae

Begonia beryllae is a species of flowering plant in the family Begoniaceae, native to the island of Borneo. The type specimen was from the slopes of Mount Kinabalu in Sabah at an elevation of approximately 1600 m (4800 feet) above sea level. It grows as an herb up to 3 m tall.
# Oh! Frenchy

"Oh! Frenchy" is a World War I song written by Sam Ehrlich and composed by Con Conrad. It was published in New York, New York by Broadway Music corporation in 1918. The song was in the top 20 charts from September 1918 to March 1919 and was number 2 in October, December, and February. The sheet music cover features a soldier pictured in uniform with a woman in his heart.
# Ontario Classical Association

The Ontario Classical Association (OCA) was founded in 1944 with Eric A. Havelock as its first president. The association promotes the study of classics through lobbying, scholarships, and colloquia for members. Its membership consists primarily of university and secondary school classics teachers, as well as students and amateurs.
The group's second president was Reginald Seeley, who would go on to become the first president of the Classical Association of Canada in 1947. The OCA was the original publisher of Phoenix, and it was edited at the time by Mary White.
# Italian ship Maestrale

Maestrale has been borne by at least two ships of the Italian Navy and may refer to:
* Italian destroyer Maestrale, a Maestrale-class destroyer launched in 1934 and scuttled in 1943. Salved and partially repaired by Germany but scuttled again in 1945.
* Italian frigate Maestrale (F 570), a Maestrale-class frigate launched in 1981 and decommissioned in 2015.
# IA automorphism

In mathematics, in the realm of group theory, an IA automorphism of a group is an automorphism that acts as identity on the abelianization. The abelianization of a group is its quotient by its commutator subgroup. An IA automorphism is thus an automorphism that sends each coset of the commutator subgroup to itself.
The IA automorphisms of a group form a normal subgroup of the automorphism group. Every inner automorphism is an IA automorphism.
# Order of Saint George of the Reunion

The Order of Saint George of the Reunion is an order of knighthood of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. It was established to replace the Royal Order of the Two-Sicilies.
It was created on 1 January 1819 by Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies to reward military valor and merit. It received its name to celebrate the reunification of Naples and Sicily into one kingdom after the Congress of Vienna.
The dynastic dispute within the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies means the position of Grand Master is disputed between Prince Pedro, Duke of Calabria and Prince Carlo, Duke of Castro. The head of the Spanish branch, Prince Pedro, considers this Order to be dormant and it is no longer awarded.

## Grades

During the time of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, the Order was divided into the following grades:
* Grand Collar (abolished 28 September 1829), with St George and the Dragon suspended from a collar, plus a star on the left breast;
* Grand Cross, with St George and the Dragon suspended from a badge under a crown on a necklet, plus a star on the left breast;
* Commander, with a badge under a crown on a necklet, plus a star on the left breast;
* Knight of Justice, with a badge on a necklet;
* Knight of Grace, with a badge without laurel wreath on a chest ribbon;
* Gold Medal on a chest ribbon;
* Silver Medal on a chest ribbon.

## Insignia

The badge of the Order is a red enameled lilied cross with in the middle a white enameled round plate bearing the image of a mounted St. George running the dragon through with his sword, bordered by a circle of blue enamel with the inscription "IN HOC SIGNO VINCES" and a laurel wreath.
The decoration of the Knights of Grand Cross has a golden image of St. George hanging down from the lower arm of the cross; the Royal Crown tops it.

## Recipients

* Knights
** Leopold, Prince of Salerno
** Giuseppe Saverio Poli
* Grand Cross
** Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies
** Giustino Fortunato
** Laval Nugent von Westmeath
** Ludwig von Wallmoden-Gimborn
# Henderson Dottin

Henderson Dottin (born 4 January 1980) is a Barbadian athlete specialising in the high jump. He won several medals at regional level.
He has personal bests of 2.25 metres outdoors (2008) and 2.23 metres indoors (2003). Both are current national records.

## Competition record

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| Representing Barbados |||||
| 1999 | CARIFTA Games (U20) | Fort-de-France, Martinique | 2nd | 2.06 m |
| 2001 | Central American and Caribbean Championships | Guatemala City, Guatemala | 1st | 2.20 m |
| 2002 | Commonwealth Games | Manchester, United Kingdom | 9th | 2.15 m |
| 2003 | Central American and Caribbean Championships | St. George's, Grenada | 3rd | 2.15 m |
| 2003 | Pan American Games | Santo Domingo, Dom. Rep. | 7th | 2.16 m |
| 2003 | Universiade | Daegu, South Korea | 6th | 2.20 m |
| 2005 | Central American and Caribbean Championships | Nassau, Bahamas | 5th | 2.15 m |
| 2006 | Central American and Caribbean Games | Cartagena, Colombia | – | NM |
| 2007 | NACAC Championships | San Salvador, El Salvador | 6th | 2.05 m |
| 2007 | Pan American Games | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 11th | 2.15 m |
| 2009 | Central American and Caribbean Championships | Havana, Cuba | 5th | 2.13 m |
| 2010 | Central American and Caribbean Games | Mayagüez, Puerto Rico | 4th | 2.13 m |
# Glaucopsyche astraea

Glaucopsyche astraea is a species of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. The species can be found throughout Turkey. The species has one subspecies:
# Belkuchi College

Belkuchi Government College is a government college in Belkuchi, Sirajgonj.

## History

In 1970s there was a great tide of inspiration in establishing colleges in different Belkuchi thanas of Sirajganj. A large number of elites of Belkuchi were also present there.
Since the 2010–2011 academic year, the college has been honored with Honor's College by opening political science, accounting management honors courses.

## HSC

* Compulsory: Bangla, English & ICT.
* Humanities: Economics, Social science, civics and good governance, Islamic History, Psychology, Logic, Islamic studies, History.
* Business Studies: Accounting, Business organization and management, Finance, Banking and insurance, Production management and marketing, Statistics.
* Science: Physics, Chemistry, Higher mathematics & Biology.

## Degree (Pass)

* Compulsory: History of the Emergence of Independent Bangladesh, Bangla, English.
* BA/BSS: Political Science, Sociology, Islamic History & culture Economics, Philosophy, Islamic studies, Psychology, English.
* BBS: Accounting, Management, Marketing, Finance.
* B Sc: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics Zoology & Botany.

## Degree (Hons)

* Bangla
* Political Science
* Sociology
* Accounting
* Management
# Iraqi opposition (pre-2003)

The Iraqi opposition (Arabic: المعارضة العراقية-Muʻaraḍatu l-‘Irāqiyyah) was a large political and militant structure represented by a diverse de facto coalition with the common goal of overthrowing Saddam Hussein.

## Structure

In the south of Iraq, the opposition was dominated by Shia Arabs, while in the north, it was dominated by Kurds, mostly Sunni. In Baghdad, there was many Arab opposition groups. Large groups included the Iraqi National Congress, Kurdish groups such as KDP, PUK, IMK, AAI, as well as the Iraqi Constitutional Monarchy which aimed at restoring the Kingdom of Iraq, and the Iraqi National Accord, and the Iran-backed Shia groups such as the Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq and Islamic Dawa Party, also the Democratic July 14 Movement coalition, pro-Assad Ba'athists, and the Iraqi Communist Party and its military wing Al-Ansar.
# Bartolomé Martinez Menacho y Mesa

Bartolomé Martinez Menacho y Mesa (Mechado) (1517 – February 16, 1604) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Santafé en Nueva Granada (1593–1604) and Bishop of Panamá (1587–1593).

## Biography

Bartolomé Martinez Menacho y Mesa was born in Torre de Miguel Sesmero, Spain and ordained a priest in the Order of Preachers. He went to Peru where he served as archdeacon of the Cathedral of Lima. On April 27, 1587, Pope Sixtus V, appointed him Bishop of Panamá. On September 4, 1588, he was consecrated bishop by Turibius of Mogrovejo, Archbishop of Lima with Antonio Avendaño y Paz, Bishop of Concepción assisting. His term in Panama was marked by good relations with the government authorities with little meddling in church affairs; he also defended the Black population and prevented their harsh punishment after a rebellion. On April 30, 1593, Pope Clement VIII, appointed him the Archbishop of Santafé en Nueva Granada where he served until his death on February 16, 1604 in Cartagena.
# Uxbridge Township

Uxbridge Township may refer to one of the following places:
# Pandebu-Tokpombu

Pandebu-Tokpombu is the eighth largest town of Sierra Leone and the second largest in the Kenema District, after its capital Kenema.
The population of the Pandebu-Tokpombu was 20,219 in the 2004 census.
# Gulana, Madhya Pradesh

Gulana or Golana is a town and Tehsil Headquarter in Shajapur District of Madhya Pradesh. Gulana was an assembly constituency until 2008. It was abolished in 2008.
465220 Is Pin Code of Gulana. Its located 21 km away from District Headquarter.

## Demographics

Gulana has population of 6,594 of which 3,409 are males while 3,185 are females as Census 2011.

## Agriculture

The economy of Gulana is mainly dependent on agriculture. Being in Kali Sindh besin, the land here is fertile. Wheat and soybean are the main crops here.

## Education

* CM rise School, Gulana
* Govt High School, Gulana
* Govt College, Gulana

## Transportation

Its well connected by roads. Gulana is connected by private bus services to all nearest major cities.
* Nearest airport is Indore Airport.
# Benti

Benti may refer to:

## People

* Galeazzo Benti (1923–1993), Italian actor
* Joseph Benti, American former television presenter
* Ketema Benti (born 1945), Ethiopian former sprinter
* Tafari Benti (1921–1977), Ethiopian military officer and politician

## Places

* Benti, Uttar Pradesh, India, a village
# Helen Shaw (writer)

Helen Lilian Shaw (20 February 1913 – 13 June 1985) was a New Zealand short-story writer, poet and editor. She was born in Timaru, New Zealand, in 1913.
Shaw met Czech-New Zealand photographer Frank Simon Hofmann in Christchurch in 1940. Together they moved to Auckland, where they wed on 24 December 1941.
# Hemslingen

Hemslingen is a municipality in the district of Rotenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany.
Hemslingen belonged to the Prince-Bishopric of Verden, established in 1180. In 1648 the Prince-Bishopric was transformed into the Principality of Verden, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish Crown - interrupted by a Danish occupation (1712-1715) - and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown. In 1807 the ephemeric Kingdom of Westphalia annexed the Principality, before France annexed it in 1810. In 1813 the Principality was restored to the Electorate of Hanover, which - after its upgrade to the Kingdom of Hanover in 1814 - incorporated the Principality in a real union and the Princely territory, including Hemslingen, became part of the new Stade Region, established in 1823.