OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Brekovi

Brekovi is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 14.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Bosniaks | 9 | 64.3% |
| Serbs | 5 | 35.7% |
| Total | 14 | 100% |
# 1985 Italy rugby union tour of Zimbabwe

The 1985 Italy rugby union tour of Zimbabwe was a series of matches played between June and July 1985 and in Zimbabwe by Italy national rugby union team.

## Results

Scores and results list Italy's points tally first.
| Opposing Team | For | Against | Date | Venue | Status |
| Mashonaland | 13 | 24 | 16 June 1985 | Harare | Tour match |
| Matabeland | 38 | 12 | 19 June 1985 | Bulawayo | Tour match |
| Zimbabwe | 25 | 6 | 22 June 1985 | Bulawayo | Test match |
| Midlands | 31 | 26 | 26 June 1985 | Gweru | Tour match |
| Zimbabwe | 12 | 10 | 30 June 1985 | Harare | Test match |
| Mashonaland | 20 | 9 | 2 July 1985 | Banket | Tour match |
# 1410s in Denmark

Events from the 1410s in Denmark.

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Eric of Pomerania

## Events
### 1413

* 22 January – Skagen is incorporated as a market town.
* 7 December – Kerteminde is incorporated as a market town. It is established that the citizens have the same rights as those of Svendborg and Faaborg. Alle harbours between Knudshoved and Fynshoved are prohibited.

### 1416

* Maribo Abbey—the first Bridgettine abbey in Denmark—is established in the town of Skimminge on a gift of land (Grimstrup) from Queen Margaret I

## Births

* 26 February 1418– Christopher III, King of Denmark, Norway and Sweden (died 1448)
Unknown date
* c. 1415 – Erik Axelsson Tott, statesman, regent of Sweden (died 1467)

## Deaths

* 27 August 1410 – Abraham Brodersson, statesman and military commander
* 28 October 1412– Margaret I of Denmark, queen of Denmark, Norway and Sweden (born 1353)
* 19 October 1416 – Peder Jensen Lodehat, bishop and politician
# Lucius Laberius Maximus

Lucius Laberius Maximus was a governor of Roman Egypt in 83 CE, and prefect of the imperial bodyguard, known as the Praetorian Guard, during the reign of Roman Emperor Domitian, in 84 CE.
Prior to achieving these positions, Laberius Maximus had also successfully completed a term as Praefectus annonae, or the prefect in charge of the grain supply of Rome. Maximus attained all three of the highest offices open to members of the equestrian class.

## Family

Maximus was the son of another Lucius Laberius Maximus, who served as an aedile of Lanuvium.
The name of Maximus' wife is not known; however, his son has been identified. Manius Laberius Maximus, was a significant senator and military figure during the reigns of the Emperors Domitian and Trajan. Through this son Maximus was the paternal grandfather of the rich heiress Laberia Hostilia Crispina and ancestor to the Roman Empress Bruttia Crispina.

## Sources

* ↑ Guido Bastianini, "Lista dei prefetti d'Egitto dal 30$^a$ al 299$^p$", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 17 (1975), p. 276
* ↑ Ronald Syme, "Guard Prefects of Trajan and Hadrian", Journal of Roman Studies, 70 (1980), p. 66
* ↑ CIL XIV, 2097
# Lygephila alaica

Lygephila alaica is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Hans Remm [et] in 1983. It is found in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.
# Biderman's Chart of Coercion

Biderman's Chart of Coercion, also called Biderman's Principles, is a table developed by sociologist Albert Biderman in 1957 to illustrate the methods of Chinese and Korean torture on American prisoners of war from the Korean War. The chart lists eight chronological general methods of torture that will psychologically break an individual.
In spite of the chart's original Cold War application, Amnesty International has stated that the Chart of Coercion contains the "universal tools of torture and coercion". In the early 2000s, the chart was used by American interrogators at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp. It has also been applied to the psychological abuse used by perpetrators of domestic violence.

## Origin

   Probably no other aspect of communism reveals more thoroughly its disrespect for truth and the individuals than its resort to these techniques.
— Albert Biderman
Biderman, a social scientist with the US Air Force, was assigned to research why many American prisoners of war (POW) captured by Communist forces during the Korean War were cooperating. After extensive interviews with returned POWs, Biderman concluded that there were three major elements behind the Communist interrogators' coercive control: "dependency, debility and dread". Biderman summarized his findings in a chart first published in the paper Communist Attempts to Elicit False Confessions From Air Force Prisoners of War in a 1957 issue of The Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine. The paper was an analysis of the psychological, rather than physical, methods used to coerce information and false confessions.
Psychiatrist Robert Jay Lifton conducted similar research into the same Chinese methods; coining the term "thought reform" (now known as brainwashing) to describe them in the same issue of The Bulletin.

## Coercion methods

The chart includes the following coercion methods:
* Isolation
* Monopolization of perception
* Induced debilitation and exhaustion
* Threats
* Occasional indulgences
* Demonstrating "omnipotence" and "omniscience"
* Degradation
* Enforcing trivial demands

## Later applications

In a 1973 report on torture, Amnesty International stated that Biderman’s Chart of Coercion contained the "universal tools of torture and coercion".
In 2002, US military trainers offered an entire training class to Guantanamo Bay detention camp interrogators based on Biderman's Chart. Documents revealed to Congressional investigators in 2008 revealed interrogation methods at the camp; The New York Times was the first to recognize that the methods were nearly verbatim those contained in Biderman's Chart.
Biderman's Chart of Coercion has also been applied to domestic violence, with many noting that the psychological methods used by abusive partners are nearly identical to those of the chart.
# Nupserha curialis

Nupserha curialis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe in 1866.
# Betheln

Betheln is a village and former municipality in the district of Hildesheim, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Since 1 November 2016, it is part of the town of Gronau.
# Beyle

Beyle can refer to:

## Given name

* Beyle Schaechter-Gottesman (1920–2013), Yiddish poet and songwriter

## Surname

* Abdirahman Duale Beyle (b. 1955 or 1956), Somali economist and Foreign Minister of Somalia
* Marie-Henri Beyle (1783–1842), French writer, better known by his pen name Stendhal
# One Step Too Far

"One Step Too Far" is a song by British electronic music group Faithless. The track features member Rollo Armstrong's sister Dido on vocals and was remixed for single release. "One Step Too Far" was released on 8 April 2002 as the fourth and final single from their third studio album, Outrospective (2001). The song peaked at number six on the UK Singles Chart, number four on the US Dance Club Play chart, and number 21 on the Australian Singles Chart.

## Credits and personnel

Credits are adapted from the Outrospective album booklet.
Studios
* Recorded at Swanyard Studios (London, England)
* Mixed at the Ark
* Mastered at Metropolis Mastering (London, England)
Personnel
* Dido – writing, vocals
* Maxi Jazz – writing, rap
* Sister Bliss – writing, keyboards, production
* Rollo – writing, production, programming
* Grippa – engineering, sonic enhancement
* Peanut – engineering and sonic enhancement assistant
* Miles Showell – mastering

## Charts

| Chart (2002) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 21 |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Flanders) | 6 |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Wallonia) | 4 |
| Europe (Eurochart Hot 100) | 35 |
| Germany (Official German Charts) | 48 |
| Greece (IFPI) | 16 |
| Hungary (Rádiós Top 40) | 17 |
| Hungary (Single Top 40) | 4 |
| Ireland (IRMA) | 8 |
| Ireland Dance (IRMA) | 1 |
| Italy (FIMI) | 13 |
| Netherlands (Dutch Top 40) | 37 |
| Netherlands (Single Top 100) | 47 |
| Romania (Romanian Top 100) | 17 |
| Scotland (OCC) | 11 |
| Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade) | 51 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 6 |
| UK Dance (OCC) | 4 |
| US Dance Club Songs (Billboard) | 4 |
| US Dance Singles Sales (Billboard) | 14 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label(s) |
| United Kingdom | 8 April 2002 | 12-inch vinylCD | CheekyBMG |
| Denmark | 15 April 2002 | CD | CheekyBMG |
| Sweden | 15 April 2002 | CD | CheekyBMG |
| Australia | 29 April 2002 | CD | CheekyBMG |
# Brekoc

Brekoc is one of the largest villages in the District of Gjakova, Kosovo. It is located southwest of Gjakova.

## History

The Ottoman defters indicate that the village Brekoc was inhabited by an Albanian population during the 15th century, the names of the inhabitants were mainly Albanian with some Slavic and Christian: Gjorgj, son of Gjin, Gega, son of Gjon, Gjin son of Bora, Branko his son, Stepan son of Gjon, Llazar son of Dimitri, Nenko, son of Ukca, Llazar son of Petr, Dimitri son of Gjon, Gjon son of Petr, Gjon son of Mihail, Dejan Siromah
# Jack Bell

Jack Bell may refer to:
* Jack Bell (footballer, born 1868) (1868–1956), Scottish footballer (Dumbarton FC, Everton FC, Celtic FC, national team)
* Jack Bell (footballer, born 1891), English footballer (Plymouth Argyle, Nottingham Forest)
* Jack Bell (footballer, born 1904) (1904–1950), English footballer (Sunderland AFC, Accrington Stanley)
# 11 Minutes

11 Minutes may refer to:
* Eleven Minutes, a 2003 novel by Paulo Coelho
* 11 Minutes (film), a 2015 film by Jerzy Skolimowski
* "11 Minutes" (song), a 2019 song by Yungblud and Halsey
* 11 Minutes, a 2022 4-episode documentary TV series by Jeff Zimbalist
# Chatchai

Chatchai is the romanization of two Thai-language masculine given names: ฉัตรชัย (pronounced, roughly 'umbrella of victory') and ชาติชาย (, meaning 'male life' or 'manly'). The latter is also spelled Chartchai, among others.
Notable people with the given name ฉัตรชัย include:
* Chatchai Singwangcha, Thai boxer
* Chatchai-decha Butdee, Thai boxer
* Chatchai Plengpanich, Thai actor
* Chatchai Budprom, Thai footballer
* Chatchai Koompraya, Thai footballer
* Chatchai Narkwijit, Thai footballer
Notable people with the given name ชาติชาย include:
* Chatichai Choonhavan, former prime minister
* Chartchai Chionoi, professional boxer
* Chartchai Ngamsan, actor
* Chatchai Saengdao, footballer
* Chatchai Sriworakan, Navy commander
* Chartchai Tiptamai, boxer known professionally as Kongtoranee Payakaroon
# Lygdamid dynasty

Lygdamid dynasty (Dynasts of Caria) :
| c. 520–484 BCE | Lygdamis I |
| c. 484–460 BCE | Artemisia |
| c. 460–454 BCE | Pisindelis |
| c. 454–450 BCE | Lygdamis II |
vte :
The Lygdamid dynasty (c. 520–450 BCE) was a dynasty of tyrants in the region of Caria, who were subordinate to the Achaemenid Empire following the conquests of Cyrus the Great through his general Harpagus. The dynasty was founded by Lygdamis, of Carian-Greek ethnicity.
The dynasty issued several tyrants, until the last one, Lygdamis II, died c. 454 BCE, after which Halicarnassus joined the Athenian alliance, known as the Delian League. At that time, Halicarnassus started to appear on the Athenian tribute quota lists.
From 395 BCE, Caria would again fall under the control of the Achaemenid Empire and be ruled by a new dynasty of local tyrants, the Hecatomnids.

## Rulers

* Lygdamis I (c. 520–484 BCE)
* Artemisia (c. 484–460 BCE)
* Pisindelis (c. 460–454 BCE)
* Lygdamis II (c. 454–450 BCE)
# Hettstedt

Hettstedt is a town in Mansfeld-Südharz district, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, on the Wipper. It consists of Hettstedt proper and the Ortschaften (municipal divisions) Ritterode and Walbeck. The former municipalities Ritterode and Walbeck were absorbed into Hettstedt in September 2010.

## History

As of 1911, Hettstedt engaged in the manufacture of machinery, pianofortes, and artificial manure, and the surrounding district and villages were occupied with smelting due to the nearby mines of argentiferous copper. Other products included silver, sulphuric acid, and small quantities of nickel and gold.
In the Kaiser Friedrich mine close by, the first steam engine in Germany was erected on 23 August 1785. Hettstedt is mentioned as early as 1046; in 1220 it possessed a castle; in 1380 it received civic privileges. When the county of Mansfeld was sequestrated, Hettstedt came into the possession of Saxony, passing to Prussia in 1815.

## Notable people

Politician Roland Claus, member of the Bundestag, is from Hettstedt.

## International relations

Hettstedt is twinned with:
* Vöhringen, Germany
* Bergkamen, Germany
# Nupserha convergens

Nupserha convergens is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1914.

## Varietas

* Nupserha convergens var. pseudogracilis Breuning, 1955
* Nupserha convergens var. gezei Villiers, 1941
* Nupserha convergens var. invitticollis Breuning, 1949
* Nupserha convergens var. fuscoapicata Breuning, 1950
* Nupserha convergens var. subapicata Breuning, 1958
* Nupserha convergens var. flavinotum Aurivillius, 1914
# Bethany, Free State

Bethany is a former station of the Berlin Missionary Society (BMW) established in 1834 by Gebel and Kraul to serve the Korana. Hebrew for 'house of misery'. The railway station was renamed Wurasoord in 1919, after Carl Wuras, a BMS missionary who took charge of it then.
# Beyler, İnebolu

Beyler is a village in the İnebolu District of Kastamonu Province in Turkey. Its population is 57 (2021).
# One Step Forward

"One Step Forward" is a song written by Chris Hillman and Bill Wildes, and recorded by American country music group The Desert Rose Band. It was released in October 1987, as the third single from the album The Desert Rose Band. The song reached #2 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart, behind "Tennessee Flat Top Box" by Rosanne Cash.
The song is featured in the 2004 video game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas.

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (1987–1988) | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 2 |
| Canadian RPM Country Tracks | 2 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (1988) | Position |
| Canadian RPM Country Tracks | 41 |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 67 |
# Brașovia Brașov

Brașovia Brașov was a football team from Brașov founded in 1914 and dissolved in 1939.

## History

In their short lifetime they played 6 times in Romanian Football Championship, but without notable performances.
They won the Brașov Regional Championship seven times and qualified four times for the Romanian Champions Final Tournament : 1921–22, 1922–23, 1923–24, 1924–25, 1929–30, 1930–31, 1937–38.
In the new league format of Divizia A they played twice in : 1932–33, 1933–34.

## Achievements

* Divizia A Semi-final (1) : 1924–25
# 11 Ladygate, Beverley

11 Ladygate is located close to the market place and centre of the historic town of Beverley, East Riding of Yorkshire, England. This unassuming building represents what would have been normal and common in the middle ages when the town prospered from the wool trade.The street has another later timber-framed building of at 19-21 Ladygate which dates from the 16th or 17th century. The street, which runs the full length of the market place, predominantly consists of later 18th and 19th century dwellings and businesses.
This 17th-century building is constructed from timber-frames, brick and a clay pan-tile roof. The limited 13 feet width of the property was determined by the beam of the Hanse cogs bringing timber from Scandinavia and Poland into the docks probably at Hull or Beverley Beck. This two storey shop had a loading bay above the shop front and a wooden staircase at the rear. The timber framing can be seen along the passageway to the left of the building.
The shop keeper would have lived above the business and as the property would have been let as just the walls and floor, the tenants would have taken the staircase with them when the lease ended. This building's timber framing has been dated by taking a core of wood from its wood. The sample would be then examined under a lower power microscope to compare the width and number of tree-rings to that of a known date. This is known as Dendrochronology the scientific method of dating using the annual nature of tree growth. The building is listed as Grade II.
# Gutter Water

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| HipHopDX | 3/5 |
| laut.de | |
| Pitchfork | 6.7/10 |
| PopMatters | 5/10 |
| Spin | |
Gutter Water is the debut full-length studio album by American hip hop duo Gangrene. It was released on November 22, 2010 via Decon. Production was handled by members Oh No and Alchemist, with DJ Muro co-producing one song. It features guest appearances from Big Twins, Evidence, Fashawn, Guilty Simpson, Medaphoar, Planet Asia, Raekwon and Roc C.

## Critical reception

In his review for Spin, Christopher R. Weingarten made comparisons with Champion Sound, saying that the album "has none of Jaylib muted minimalism, opting for a barrage of manic rhymes and delirious clattering noise - haunted-house pianos, car crashes, backmasked ickiness, end-times news broadcasts, Godzilla whines, convulsive turntablism, and even the YouTube clip of a cop eating pot brownies". Tom Breihan of Pitchfork wrote: "rapping on Gutter Water is almost beside the point. Oh and Alc are producers first, and Gutter Water would work nearly as well as an instrumental album. And together, they've created a messy, impressive pile-up of half-broken piano loops and dense, clattery drum programming. It's a hazy, stoned piece of work, an expansive extended head-nod, everything it sets out to be". Sean Ryon of HipHopDX found the album "an unrelenting head banger that cleverly blends the best elements of California's underground Hip Hop scene. Lyrical setbacks aside, Gangrene's debut is an infectious combo of Alc's Kevlar-tough street anthems and Oh's musically off-kilter production". Alex Bahler of PopMatters resumed: "despite Gangrene's (worthwhile) commitment to keeping it realer than radio, the visual metaphor on Gutter Water is a stretch: the music isn't shit, but it's not the shit either".

## Personnel

* Michael "Oh No" Jackson – lyrics, vocals, producer (tracks: 1, 2, 6, 8, 9, 12, 15), arranger
* Alan "The Alchemist" Maman – lyrics, vocals, producer (tracks: 3-5, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14), arranger
* Corey "Raekwon" Woods – lyrics & vocals (track 4)
* Jason "Planet Asia" Green – lyrics & vocals (track 5)
* Santiago "Fashawn" Leyva – lyrics & vocals (track 8)
* Michael "Evidence" Perretta – lyrics & vocals (track 8)
* Nicholas "M.E.D." Rodriguez – lyrics & vocals (track 10)
* Damien "Roc C" Smith – lyrics & vocals (track 11)
* Byron "Guilty" Simpson – lyrics & vocals (track 14)
* Jamal "Big Twins"/"Twin Gambino" Abdul Raheem – lyrics & vocals (track 15)
* Romeo "DJ Romes" Jimenez – scratches (tracks: 2, 7, 9)
* Murota "DJ Muro" Takayoshi – co-producer (track 4)
* Ricardo Gutierrez – mastering
* Dan Park – art direction, illustration
* Peter Bittenbender – art direction
# Lycidola palliata

Lycidola palliata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Johann Christoph Friedrich Klug in 1825. It is known from Brazil.
# Big Indian Creek

Big Indian Creek may refer to:
* Big Indian Creek (Georgia), a tributary of the Ocmulgee River in Georgia, U.S.
* Big Indian Creek (Fox River tributary), in Illinois, U.S.
* Big Indian Creek (Putnam County, Tennessee), a tributary of the Caney Fork River in Tennessee, U.S.
# Her Big Chance

"Her Big Chance" is a dramatic monologue written by Alan Bennett as part of his Talking Heads series for the BBC. The series became very popular, moving onto BBC Radio and international theatre, as well as becoming one of the best-selling audio book releases of all time and being included as part of both the A-level and GCSE English syllabus. It was the fifth episode of the first series of Talking Heads, and originally aired on 17 May 1988.
In the 2020 remake, the character of Lesley was played by Jodie Comer.

## Storyline

Lesley (portrayed by Julie Walters in the original 1988 broadcast and Jodie Comer in the 2020 remake) is an aspiring actress who, after a series of unpromising bit parts on television, is offered what she believes to be her breakout role in a new film for the West German market. However, Lesley does not realise that the film is a soft pornographic film.
# Bhitabaria Union

Bhitabaria Union is a union, the smallest administrative body of Bangladesh, located in Bhandaria Upazila, Pirojpur District, Bangladesh. The total population is 15,361.
Village Development Committees in Bhitabaria increased economic development.
# Itaquai River

The Itaquai River is a river of the upper Amazon Basin. It forms the eastern boundary of Atalaia do Norte municipality in the Amazonas state of north-western Brazil. Its main tributary is the Rio Branco. Downstream it joins the Ituí River to form the upper Solimões.
# Marion Peck

Marion Peck is a pop surrealist painter based in the United States.

## Early life

Peck was born in Manila, while her family was on a trip around the world. She grew up in Seattle and is the youngest of four children.
Peck received a BFA from the Rhode Island School of Design in 1985. She studied in two different MFA programs: Syracuse University in New York and Temple University in Rome. She lived in Italy for a few years, where she studied its culture. She began her exhibitions in the United States and international, starting in 1990.
On October 24, 2009, Peck married longtime partner, Mark Ryden in the woods of the Pacific Northwest Rainforest.

## Artistic career

Peck became known for her work in pop surrealism and has exhibited her work in Paris, Rome, New York, Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Seattle. She is represented by the Dorothy Circus Gallery. Her work has been featured in album covers, such as Waking the Mystics (2006) by Portland art rock group, Sophe Lux. Peck released many art books including Sweet Wishes (2008), Animal Lover Summer (2010), and Lamb Land: The Art of Marion Peck (2016).
Peck mainly paints in oil and her style is inspired by Greek mythology, based on her trip to Greece, astrology, and art from the Italian Renaissance. Other influences include allusions to Eden, Jehovah's Witnesses' pamphlets, The Last Supper, Russian orthodox iconology, religious oil prints, clowns, masks, extinct creatures, old Dutch oil paintings of home interiors, and 19th-century cabinet photography. She tackles political satire and social problems such as deforestation of the rainforest. When discussing her topics, Peck claims, "that she wanted her messages to be a visual one, not literary." Her art has been described by Widewalls as "simultaneously heartbreakingly sweet and full of humor."

## Exhibitions

Solo Exhibitions:
* 1990: Marianne Partlow Gallery, Olympia, WA
* 1993 - 2001: Galleria Dusseldorf/ Roma, Rome, Italy
* 1994 - 2001: Davidson Galleries, Seattle, WA
* 2000: Olga Dollar Gallery, San Francisco, CA
* 2006: Mondo Bizzarro Gallery, Rome, Italy
* 2007: Billy Shire Fine Arts, Culver City, CA
* 2009 - 2010: Sloan Fine Art, New York, NY
* 2013: Michael Kohn Projects
* 2015 - 2016: Magda Danysz Gallery, Paris, France
* 2016: Promenade Magiques, Magda Danyz Gallery, Paris, France
* 2018: StraVolti, Dorothy Circus Gallery, Rome, Italy
* 2020: Between Worlds, Magda Danyz Gallery, Shanghai, China
* 2020: Red Clown, Blue Clown, Corey Helford Gallery, Los Angeles, CA

## Publications

* I Cari Estini (The Dearly Departed), Mondo Bizzaro Gallery, January 1, 2006
* Sweet Wishes, coeauthor Mark Ryden, Porterhouse, January 1, 2008
* Animal Summer Love, Last Gap, November 1, 2010
* Lamb Land: The Art of Marion Peck, Cernunnos, September 20, 2016
* The Art of Marion Peck: A Portfolio of 30 Deluxe Postcards, Cernunnos, March 17, 2020