OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gotthold Bohne

Gotthold Bohne (25 July 1890 - 28 August 1957) was a German law professor.

## Life

Gotthold Hermann Bohne was born in Burgstädt near Chemnitz. He studied at the universities of Greifswald, Jena und Leipzig a palette of subjects covering Theology, Philosophy, Medicine and Jurisprudence. His academic progress was interrupted by the First World War during which he undertook military service. After the war ended he received his doctorate in Jurisprudence from the University of Leipzig in 1920. His habilitation in criminal justice, from the same institution. followed just a year later, clearing the way for an academic career.
In 1922 he was working as a probationary judge ("Gerichtsassessor") before accepting an invitation to transfer to the University of Cologne in 1923 where he was given a professorship and directorship of the new Institute for Criminal Sciences. Plans existed for the institute to be expanded to take on all the Criminal Sciences Research in the Rhineland region, and to combine its expanded research role with operation as a police academy. Those expansion plans were thwarted by financial constraints, however.
His early published work covered criminal justice in the Italian city states during the later medieval period. He then turned to the relationship between criminal justice and psychoanalysis. A laboratory was set up and the institute to accommodate what became a major research project. During the winter semester 1926/27 and again during 1934/35 he served as dean of the Jurisprudence Faculty.
War and the Nazi dictatorship ended in May 1945 with what remained of Germany divided into four occupation zones. Cologne was in the British zone. The military authorities appointed Bohne to a three-man constitutional commission relating to the university. The other commission members were Ottmar Bühler and Hans Carl Nipperday. Following the commission recommendations, the university statutes from 27 May 1919 were now restored.
Between 1949 and 1951 Gotthold Bohne served as University Rector at Cologne in succession to Josef Kroll. He was elected president of the Madrid based "Centre international d'études sur la fausse monnaie", also becoming vice-president of the Cologne-based German Photography Society.
The focus of his work continued to be on criminalistics and criminology, taking an increasingly inter-disciplinary approach that combined ideas from jurisprudence, philosophy, psychology, historiography, sociology and natural sciences. He concerned himself, too, with hereditary aspects. His private interests included music, poetry and visual arts.
# Christal

Christal is a feminine given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Christal Bezerra, Brazilian artistic gymnast
* Christal Clashing, Antiguan swimmer
* Christal Henner, American bridge player
* Christal Lloyd, American politician
# Aristotelia isopelta

Aristotelia isopelta is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1929. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Arizona, British Columbia, California, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Quebec and Texas.
The wingspan is 9–12 mm.
# Sidney Franklin (actor)

Sidney Franklin (1870–1931) was an American stage and film actor. He appeared in around thirty films during the silent and early sound eras. His final screen performance was in Puttin' On the Ritz in 1930. On stage he portrayed Solomon Levy in the original production of Abie's Irish Rose.

## Partial filmography

* The Sleeping Lion (1919)
* Welcome Children (1921)
* The Three Musketeers (1921)
* Playing with Fire (1921)
* The Guttersnipe (1922)
* The Call of Home (1922)
* Dusk to Dawn (1922)
* The Vermilion Pencil (1922)
* The Love Trap (1923)
* Fashion Row (1923)
* A Boy of Flanders (1924)
* The Red Lily (1924)
* In Hollywood with Potash and Perlmutter (1924)
* One of the Bravest (1925)
* His People (1925)
* The Texas Trail (1925)
* Somebody's Mother (1926)
* The Block Signal (1926)
* Savage Passions (1926)
* Rose of the Tenements (1926)
* Colleen (1927)
* Wheel of Chance (1928)
* Lummox (1930)
* Puttin' On the Ritz (1930)
# Grabowiec, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship

Grabowiec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chmielnik, within Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) north-west of Chmielnik and 24 km (15 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.
# Arctiocossus

Arctiocossus is a genus of moths in the family Cossidae.

## Species

* Arctiocossus antargyreus C. Felder & R. Felder, 1874
* Arctiocossus castaneus (Gaede, 1929)
* Arctiocossus danieli Clench, 1959
* Arctiocossus gaerdesi (Daniel, 1956)
* Arctiocossus impeditus (Walker, 1865)
* Arctiocossus ligatus (Walker, 1865)
* Arctiocossus poliopterus Clench, 1959
* Arctiocossus punctifera Gaede, 1929
* Arctiocossus strigulatus Gaede, 1929
* Arctiocossus tessellatus Clench, 1959

## Former species

* Arctiocossus aries Püngeler, 1902
# Neopsylla

Neopsylla is a genus of fleas belonging to the family Hystrichopsyllidae.
The species of this genus are found in Europe and Southeastern Asia.
Species:
* Neopsylla abagaitui Ioff, 1946
* Neopsylla acanthina Jordan & Rothschild, 1923
* Neopsylla affinis Li Kueichen & Hsieh Paochi, 1964
* Neopsylla aliena Jordan & Rothschild, 1911
* Neopsylla angustimanubra Wu Houyoung, Wu Fulin & Liu Chiying, 1966
# Türkəkəran

Türkəkəran (also, Tyurkyakeran) is a village and municipality in the Lankaran Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 1,170.
# Spinyfin

Spinyfins are a family, Diretmidae, of trachichthyform fishes. The family name is derived from the type genus, Diretmus, from Greek, di meaning "two" and eretmos meaning "oar". They are found worldwide in deep waters, as deep as 2,000 m (6,600 ft).
As the common name implies, spinyfins have heavy spines along their fins. They have deep, compressed bodies, and almost vertically aligned mouths. They are dark silver in colour, and reach up to 37 cm (15 in) in length.
# Aruna Mohanty

Aruna Mohanty (born 4 April 1960) is an Odissi dancer, choreographer and guru. She is currently the Secretary of the Orissa (Odisha) Dance Academy. She has received a number of awards for her work, including the Padmashree award.

## Training

Aruna Mohanty started her training in Odissi under Shrinath Rout and Gobinda Pal. In 1972 she started training under Gangadhar Pradhan. She has also received guidance in the dance form from Pankaj Charan Das, Kelucharan Mohapatra, Sanjukta Panigrahi and Sonal Mansingh.
She has also received training in Odissi music from Nirmal Mohanty and Shantanu Das.

## Career

Aruna Mohanty has nearly five decades of experience as a dancer and choreographer.
Her choreographed works include Srushti O Pralay depicting the super cyclone that hit Odisha in 1999, Sravana Kumar, Kharavela, Jatra Baramasi, Gatha Odissi, Pratinayak, Krishna Sharanam, several Ashtapadis from Jayadeva's Gita Govinda, and Siddhartha based on the novel of the same name by the German novelist Hermann Hesse.
She has used her art to examine contemporary and social issues; for example. in Naari, gender stereotypes and the status of women in society are explored through the lives and stories of several women in Indian literature and history, such as Sita, Draupadi, Mandodari and Nirbhaya.
She has conducted research on dance, focusing on topics such as the representation of the male dancer in classical sculpture and the evolution of Odissi in the post-Independence era.
She has been a visiting scholar at several universities in the United States of America, such as the University of California, University of South Carolina and Cornell University.

## Awards

* Padmashree, Government of India, 2016-17
* State Sangeet Natak Akademi Award, Government of Odisha, 2014
* Central Sangeet Natak Akademi Award, Government of India, 2010
* Sanjukta Panigrahi Memorial National Award, 2001
* Mahari Award, Guru Pankaj Charan Research Foundation, 1997
* Bharat Bhavan Award, conferred on the recipient by the President of India
* Jagannath Sanskruti Bikash Parishad Award
# Aruna Mishra

Aruna Mishra is a female Indian boxer. Her career highlights include gold medals in the 2003 Asian Championships, 2004 World Cup and the 2011 World Police and Fire Games.
# N-340 road (Spain)

The N-340 is a major highway in Spain. It is over 1,000 km long starting south of Barcelona and running predominantly along the coast to Chiclana de la Frontera and the N-IV to Cádiz. In many places the road has now been by-passed by the Autovía A-7 and Autopista AP-7.
It follows the former Roman road Via Augusta, that was one of the main roads of Hispania. The N-340 route passes the Arc de Berà, a Roman arch.
The road starts at the Passeig de Josep Carner in Barcelona. It follows the Avinguda del Paral·lel, Plaça d'Espanya, Carrer de Sants and Carretera de Collblanc before becoming the Carretera de Cadiz a Barcelona and heading through a series of suburbs and industrial areas.
The road crosses the Llobregat valley with a junction with the Autovía A-2 and Autovía B-24, it heads through the Garraf Massif to Vilafranca del Penedès. It then heads along the coast to Tarragona, changing to the A7 until Cambrils, then crossing the River Ebro (delta) and on to Peníscola. Then it passes through Castellón de la Plana after which much of the road has been superseded by the Autovía CV-10 and Autovía V-21 to Valencia.
South of Valencia the road is the Autovía V-31 before becoming the N-340 after junction 536 km of the A-7. The road then heads inland with a junction with the Autovía A-35 before crossing the Sierra de Benicadell through Alcoy. The road then branches off along the Rio Torremanzanas towards Alicante. Through traffic now takes the Autovía A-36. The N-340 then passes through Elche and Murcia, where the road is at parts dangerous. after which the road is downgraded and joins the A-7 for several stretches. It goes through Lorca.
At junction 516 km the road branches in two with the N-340A heading west to Tabernas and the Autovía A-92. The main N-340 becomes the A-7 past Almería until Adra where the Autopista is under construction. The N-340 passes along the coast past Motril, Nerja where the A-7 begins again. After Málaga the road heads through Torremolinos and Fuengirola before becoming the A-7 again. The N-340 re-emerges at Marbella and Puerto Banús and follows the coast south to Estepona where it joins the A-7 again to Algeciras past Gibraltar. The Autovía A-381 takes most traffic west to Jerez de la Frontera through the Sierra Blanquilla.
The N-340 passes Tarifa past the Punta Marroquí o de Tarifa. It then passes Vejer de la Frontera and ends at Chiclana de la Frontera and the N-IV. The last section is being upgraded to the Autovía A-48.

## Major Incidents

On 29 August 2001 Binter Mediterráneo Flight 8261 (Registration EC-FBC) crash-landed adjacent to the N-340 near Ruiz Picasso International Airport at Málaga, Spain. Of 44 people aboard, four were killed. The aircraft was scrapped.

## Autovía A-36

The Autovía A-36 is an upgrade of the N-340 which provides a more direct (and toll free) route between Alicante and Valencia than the Autopista AP-7 which runs along the coast. It is scheduled to become the Autovía A-7.
# N-420 road (Spain)

The N-420 is a highway in Spain.
The road starts 36 km east of Córdoba at Montoro (Junction 356 of the Autovía A-4). The N-420 runs north through the heavily wooded Sierra Morena passing over the Puerto de Niella (902m) then crossing the valley of the Rio Montoro before taking the Puerto Pulido to Puertollano. The AVE Sevilla-Madrid runs parallel to the road on its way to Ciudad Real.
Thereafter the road follows the Autovía A-43 before branching north to cross the A-4 again at Puerto Lapice, south of the Montes de Toledo. 21 km to the east the road passes Alcázar de San Juan and the Autovía CM-42 which is an upgrade of the CM-400. The landscape here is dominated by hill top Windmills. The road reaches Mota del Cuervo with a junction on the N-301 and Autopista AP-36, before passing the Castle of Belmonte 15 km later. After a junction with the Autovía A-3 (155 km) in La Almarcha the road passes along the valley of the Rio Jucar to Cuenca, where it crosses N-320. The road then heads east through the Serranía de Cuenca, crossing the Puerto de Rocho (1,150m) and into the Rincón de Ademuz before joining the N-330 and heading north. After 34 km the road reaches Teruel and junction with the Autovía A-23, upgrade of the N-234.
The N-420 heads north through the Sierra Palomera, joining the N-211 towards Alcañiz. Then, N-420 crosses the Puerto del Esquinazo (1,381m) and Puerto St Just (1,381m), ending at Tarragona.
# Sporosarcina globispora

Sporosarcina globispora, formerly known as Bacillus globisporus, is a Gram-positive, aerobic, round spore-forming bacillus. Strains of this species were originally described in 1967 and were found to be fairly similar to the species Bacillus pantothenticus. The species was later reassigned to the genus Sporosarcina along with the species Bacillus psychrophilus and Bacillus pasteurii.
# Nadirashvili surface

In differential geometry, a Nadirashvili surface is an immersed complete bounded minimal surface in R$^3$ with negative curvature. The first example of such a surface was constructed by Nikolai Nadirashvili [de] in Nadirashvili (1996). This simultaneously answered a question of Hadamard about whether there was an immersed complete bounded surface in R$^3$ with negative curvature, and a question of Eugenio Calabi and Shing-Tung Yau about whether there was an immersed complete bounded minimal surface in R$^3$.
Hilbert (1901) harvtxt error: no target: CITEREFHilbert1901 (help) showed that a complete immersed surface in R$^3$ cannot have constant negative curvature, and Efimov (1963) show that the curvature cannot be bounded above by a negative constant. So Nadirashvili's surface necessarily has points where the curvature is arbitrarily close to 0.
# Nadia Yala Kisukidi

Nadia Yala Kisukidi (born 1978) is a French philosopher, writer and academic, who has re-examined the notion of "blackness" with its colonial implications in France and the rest of Europe. Also interested in contemporary art, she has been selected as one of two curators for the 2020 Yango Biennale in Kinshasa. Kisukidi, who has written widely on French and Africana philosophy, published Bergson ou l'humanité créatrice (Bergson or Creative Humanity) in 2013.

## Biography

Born in Brussels on 8 October 1978, Nadia Yala Kisukidi is the daughter of a Congolese father and a Franco-Italian mother. She began studying philosophy at the Charles de Gaulle University in Lille under Fréderic Worms in 1998, earning a Ph.D in 2010 with a thesis titled L’humanité créatrice. Essai sur la signification esthétique et politique de la métaphysique de Bergson.
Since 2011, she has held a number of workshops in various French universities, the University of Geneva and at the Dutch Jan van Eyck Academie in Maastricht. From 2014 to 2016, she was vice-president of the Collège international de philosophie. Her work centres on 20th-century French philosophy, philosophy of religion and African philosophical perspectives, with historical, ethical and political analyses.
In connection with Aimé Césaire's works on "la négritude" (blackness), Kisukidi explains that she likes the way he arrives at the universal by dynamizing the essentialisms and separatisms to build what she refers to as une politique des solidarités (a political agenda of solidarities).
In late 2019, she was invited to write "A Letter to Europ". She concludes it as follows:
   Like Susan Sontag, I believe that there are two Europes. The Europe that you embody, in which I live and that fails to fulfill, pushing away its walls, its borders towards Africa. And a second Europe, which is constantly being postponed, only existing on the hypothetical mode of what is yet to come. In between them, what remains: the intimate ferocity of the political fight.
# Tärnström

Tärnström is a Swedish surname. People with the surname Tärnström include:
* Christopher Tärnström (1711–1746), Swedish naturalist and Lutheran pastor
* Dick Tärnström (born 1975), Swedish ice hockey defenceman and father of Oliver Tärnström
* Oliver Tärnström (born 2002), Swedish ice hockey forward and son of Dick Tärnström
# Arturo Nuvolari

Arturo Nuvolari (7 July 1863 – 17 December 1938) was an Italian professional racing cyclist. He was the father of the motor and car racing ace Tazio Nuvolari. The highlight of his career was winning the silver medal at the 1893 Italian Road Racing Championship in Alessandria. His brother Giuseppe was a multiple champion in the Motor-paced racing discipline.
# NGC 278

NGC 278 is an isolated spiral galaxy in the northern circumpolar constellation of Cassiopeia, near the southern constellation boundary with Andromeda. It lies at a distance of approximately 39 megalight-years from the Milky Way, giving it a physical scale of 190 ly (58 pc) per arcsecond. The galaxy was discovered on December 11, 1786 by German-born astronomer William Herschel. J. L. E. Dreyer described it as, "considerably bright, pretty large, round, 2 stars of 10th magnitude near".
The morphological classification of this galaxy is SAB(rs)b, which indicates a weak bar structure around the nucleus (SAB), an incomplete ring around the bar (rs), and moderately-tightly wound spiral arms (b). It is a relatively small, compact spiral with a diameter of 23 kly (7 kpc), multiple flocculent arms and a bright, dusty nucleus that does not appear to be active. However, the neutral hydrogen in the galaxy is spread over a diameter five times larger than its visible size.
Although it appears nearly face-on, the galactic plane is inclined by an angle of 28° to the line of sight from the Earth, with the major axis being oriented along a position angle of 116°. The outer part of the disk appears to be warped, so that the major axis is not quite perpendicular to the minor axis, and the morphology is somewhat disrupted. The inner disk contains multiple intense star-forming regions. This is taking place in an inner ring with a radius of 6.5 kly (2 kpc) that may have been triggered by a merger with a smaller companion. It has an H II nucleus.
# Tõnu Mellik

Tõnu Mellik (12 May 1934 Tartu – 3 June 1993 Tallinn) was an award-winning Estonian architect active in the mid-twentieth century.

## Early life

Tõnu Mellik graduated from Tallinn Secondary School in 1952. He went on to study film direction at the Moscow State All-Union Institute of Cinematography. In 1953 he went on to study at the State Art Institute of the Estonian SSR (ERKI) and ultimately graduated in 1959. After graduation he worked in Tallinn from 1959 to 1962 and became a member of the Union of Architects in 1960. From 1964 to 1968 he worked as a senior engineer and junior researcher at the Institute of Building and Building Materials. Thereafter, he worked as an architect for the "Estonian Land Reconstruction Project" until 1975. From 1975 to 1987, he was a senior lecturer at ERKI. In 1981, he was the chief architect of the private company, "Esmar".

## Family

Mellik was the son of sculptor Voldemar Mellik and Linda Mellik, and brother of architect Ants Mellik.

## Creations

Tõnu Mellik designed industrial, commercial, and residential buildings. He assisted in the development of the towns of Kiili, Kohila, Kuusalu, Loksa, Taebla, Viru-Jaagupi, Haabneeme, and Padise.
Mellik participated in developing the Tallinn General Plan and in the reconstruction of the city center in 1968. Arguably the most impressive building he worked on is the Otepää ski base, built in 1978.
Soviet-era architects like Tõnu Mellik were, by convention, simple practitioners. Soviet strictures did not permit architects to freely create their own works by exercising their own vision.
More Tõnu Mellik Buildings:
* Männiku experimental base of the Estonian Academy of Sciences (1962)
* The "Volta" factory technical building (1965)
* "Ühistare" cooperative house (1966)
* Keila-Joal Sanatorium Boarding School training building (1976)
* Three-story twelve-apartment terraced apartment building (1979)
* Tamsalu Culture House (1980)
* Viimsi office building (1991)

## Awards won

* In 1958 Ants and Tõnu Mellik won the first and second prizes for the Mustamäe residential area plan.
* In 1971 Mellik won first prize for the Saha-Loo area plan and buildings.
* In 1972, together with Peep Jänse, he won the first and second prizes for the opera and ballet theatre at Tõnismägi in Tallinn.
* In 1976 he won first prize for the Pajusi Collective Farm.
* In 1977, working with Peep Jänse, he won first prize for Elva's Retirement Home.
* In 1978 he won the first prize for Tartu Designers' House.
# Spring Mountain Road

Spring Mountain Road is a major east-west road in the Las Vegas Valley. It runs from Hualapai Way at its western terminus to Las Vegas Boulevard in the east. East of Las Vegas Boulevard, Spring Mountain becomes Sands Avenue, and then jogs south to join Twain Avenue. State Route 591 (SR 591) was a state highway that comprised a 0.242-mile (0.389 km) section of Spring Mountain at Interstate 15.
The street is located in the unincorporated towns of Paradise (east of Decatur Boulevard) and Spring Valley (west of Decatur). It is the main thoroughfare of Las Vegas's Chinatown.

## State highway route

SR 591 began at the intersection of Spring Mountain Road and Aldebaran Avenue. From there, it proceeded east under Interstate 15 and terminated near Highland Drive. Highland Drive intersects Spring Mountain Road in the form of a ramp from southbound Highland to westbound Spring Mountain, underneath I-15.
As of January 2008, SR 591 had been decommissioned. Although not maintained as a state route, Nevada DOT still maintains the former highway as a frontage road (FR CL 51).

## Landmarks

* Chinatown
* Desert Breeze Park
* Fashion Show Mall
* MSG Sphere Las Vegas
* The Palazzo
* Sands Expo
* Treasure Island Hotel and Casino
* Wynn Las Vegas

## Public transport

RTC Transit Routes 119 & 203 function on this road.
# Spring Mountain, Ohio

Spring Mountain is an unincorporated community in Monroe Township, Coshocton County, Ohio, United States.

## History

Spring Mountain was laid out in 1836. The town was previously known as Ridge. Another early variant name was Van Buren. A post office was established under the name Ridge in 1850, the name was changed to Spring Mountain 1858, and the post office closed in 1919.
# Spring Mountain Vineyard

Spring Mountain Vineyard is a 225-acre (0.91 km$^2$) vineyard consisting of 135 different vineyard blocks scattered over the 845-acre (3.42 km$^2$) estate in California's Napa Valley. Spring Mountain Vineyard was in fourth place among French and American wines at the historic Judgment of Paris wine competition in 1976.

## Winery and vineyards

The elegant Victorian mansion, known on the estate as Miravalle, was commissioned by Mexican-American businessman Tiburcio Parrott in 1884, and designed by architect Albert Schroepfer. Schroepfer designed several other homes in similar elegant style, for example, The Rhine House at Beringer Vineyards.
The original winery and cave was also established in 1885 by Parrott. The current vineyards are on the eastern slope of Spring Mountain at elevations varying from 400 feet (120 m) to 1,700 feet (520 m).
The estate now includes four adjacent vineyards including the 435-acre (1.76 km$^2$) La Perla, 257-acre (1.04 km$^2$) Miravalle, 120-acre (0.49 km$^2$) Chevalier, and 33-acre (130,000 m$^2$) Streblow (Alba). La Perla Winery and Vineyard were originally established in 1873 by Charles Lemme. The La Perla Winery building is still standing. This property contained the first Cabernet Sauvignon on Spring Mountain. The adjacent Chevalier and Miravelle properties were also established during the 19th century.

## Falcon Crest

From 1981 until 1990, Spring Mountain Vineyards became known to television viewers as the setting for the CBS drama series Falcon Crest. Cast and crew would film exterior scenes here for six weeks each summer before relocating to Los Angeles to shoot interior scenes. The mansion, winery, and many acres of surrounding vineyards, served as the fictional home of ruthless matriarch Angela Channing, played by Jane Wyman.