OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# IVIVC

An in-vitro in-vivo correlation (IVIVC) has been defined by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as "a predictive mathematical model describing the relationship between an in-vitro property of a dosage form and an in-vivo response".
Generally, the in-vitro property is the rate or extent of drug dissolution or release while the in-vivo response is the plasma drug concentration or amount of drug absorbed. The United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) also defines IVIVC as "the establishment of a relationship between a biological property, or a parameter derived from a biological property produced from a dosage form, and a physicochemical property of the same dosage form".
Typically, the parameter derived from the biological property is AUC or Cmax, while the physicochemical property is the in vitro dissolution profile.
The main roles of IVIVC are:
* To use dissolution test as a surrogate for human studies.
* To supports and/or validate the use of dissolution methods and specifications.
* To assist in quality control during manufacturing and selecting appropriate formulations

## Example of a correlation model

$\operatorname {Fabs} =\operatorname {AbsScale} \times \operatorname {Diss} \times (\operatorname {t_{scale}} \times \operatorname {t_{vivo}} -\operatorname {t_{shift}} )-\operatorname {AbsBase} ,$
where
* AbsScale: assess the deviations of points around the regression line, particularly around the last data points
* AbsBase: assess the X intercept of the regression line, i.e. does it cross at zero, zero if not you may need to use this variable for some baseline
* t$_{scale}$: assess the regression line to see if time in vitro needs to be scaled to correlate with time in vivo
* t$_{shift}$: assess the X intercept of the regression line, i.e. does it cross at zero, if not you may need to use this to account for a Lag in absorption
Fabs vs. Fdiss Plots and Levy Plots can be used to help determine which of these variables may be applicable.
# Gulella planti

Gulella planti, or Plant's gulella snail, is a species of very small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Streptaxidae. This species is endemic to South Africa.
# Henry Charlton Bastian

Henry Charlton Bastian (26 April 1837 in Truro, Cornwall, England – 17 November 1915 in Chesham Bois, Buckinghamshire) was an English physiologist and neurologist.

## Biography

Bastian was born at Truro, Cornwall and graduated from University of London in 1861. He obtained his M.D. in 1866. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1868 and a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1870.
In 1867, Bastian was elected Professor of Pathology and Assistant Physician at UCL Medical School and successively became Professor of Clinical Medicine at UCL Medical School. In 1868, he became assistant physician to the National Hospital for the Paralysed and Epileptic, then full physician in 1887. He served at the National Hospital until he retired in 1912.
He was an advocate of the doctrine of archebiosis. He believed he witnessed the spontaneous generation of living organisms out of non living matter under his microscope and therefore argued against the concept of germ theory. He promoted a theory of "heterogenesis", a process by which existing living beings give birth to wholly different forms. Bastian's criticism of the germ theory of disease has been linked to the theory's initially slow impact in the UK. The term biogenesis was coined by Henry Bastian.

## Works

* Monograph of the Anguillulidae (1865)
* The Modes of Origin of Lowest Organisms (1871)
* The Beginnings of Life: Being Some Account of the Nature, Modes of Origin and Transformation of Lower Organisms, I–II (1872)
* Evolution and the Origin of Life (1874)
* The Brain as an Organ of Mind (1880)
* The "muscular sense" its nature and cortical localisation (1887)
* A Treatise on Aphasia and Other Speech Defects (1898)
* Studies in Heterogenesis (1903)
* The Nature and Origin of Living Matter (1905)
* The Evolution of Life (1907)
* The Origin of Life (1911)
# Ballyduff, County Waterford

Ballyduff (Irish: Baile Dubh, meaning 'black village') is a village in County Waterford, Ireland. It is also a parish in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Waterford and Lismore.
Historical maps mark the location of Ballyduff Castle in ruins. It was built in 1627 by the carpenter Andrew Tucker for the Earl of Cork. The Drew family gained possession of it later in the 17th century.

## Location and access

Ballyduff is approximately 9.8 kilometres (6 mi) west of Lismore, County Waterford and 17 kilometres (10 mi) east of Fermoy, County Cork. The village is located on the River Blackwater, which is spanned by the late 19th century Ballyduff Bridge.
The former Ballyduff railway station (opened in 1872 and closed in 1967) was located on the Waterford to Mallow line. It was served by the Rosslare to Cork boat train.
Bus routes which serve the area include Local Link Waterford services on certain days. Until 2010, Ballyduff was served by Bus Éireann route 366.

## Amenities

Ballyduff has a Roman Catholic church, a parish hall (old school hall) and a national school.
The local Gaelic Athletic Association club, Ballyduff Upper GAA, was named "club of the year" in 2005.
# Belidaphne brunettii

Belidaphne brunettii is an extinct species of sea snails, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Mangeliidae.

## Distribution

This extinct marine species was found in Italy.
# Belthara Road

Belthara Road is a Nagar Panchayat city with a railway station in the north-western corner of Ballia district of Uttar Pradesh, India.
Belthara Road is the sub-district headquarters. District headquarters of the city is Ballia which is 60 km away.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census, in 2011 Belthara Road Nagar Panchayat had a population of 20,404 - 10,564 males and 9,840 females, giving a sex ratio of 931. There were 2476 children under 7 whilst the literacy rate of 85.78% is much higher than the state average of 67.68%.

## Town Area

The main market area starts from Railway station to Bus Station and its multiple connected road and the road which connect Railway station to Trimuhani followed by Chaukia Mod. Here are key landmarks of Belthara Road
* Railway Station
* Mandir in Railway Compound
* Dak Bangla
* Jama Masjid
* Bichla Pokhra Mandir Area
* Ramlila Ground
* Shiv Mandir
* Bus Station
* Trimuhani
* Baranwal Dharamshala
* Chaukia

## Schools

* Dayanand Anglo-Vedic Inter College: One of the oldest schools in the town for sixth- to twelfth-grade students, it is next to the railway station.
* Gandhi Mohammad Ali Memorial (G M A M) Inter College: Another old school for sixth- to twelfth-grade boys, it is also next to the railway station.
* Shayam Sundari Girls Inter College: Girls-only school
* Devendra P. G. Degree College: On the Belthara-Madhuban Road
* Green Lawns Public School near Nagar Panchayat Office on
* Late Kesav Prasad Mahavidyalay & PG College, Sasana Bhadurpur
* M. M. D. Public School: Secondary co-ed school with dormitory facilities
* NavJeevan English School: Secondary co-ed school
* New Central Public School (Nursery to 10th+2 C.B.S.E.Pat) near Vishal Talkies.
* Nirmal Jeevan Public School, near Indouli Gram sabha.
* Saraswati shishu vidya mandir is located in chakiya road, Belthara Road ballia. It's one of the most popular and religious school of Belthara Road.
* St. Xavier's School, Belthara Road (Nurse⁷ry to 10th+2 C.B.S.E.Pat) near Piprauli Bada Gaon One of the oldest CBSE Board School
* D N Children school is located in kundail near to railway station

## Attractions

* Indauli, a temple of Lord Shiva & Dihbaba, Ramlila
* The Bhageshwari temple, dedicated to the goddess of the same name, is between Ballia and Belthara Road and is the most-visited place of worship by local Hindus. A month-long annual fair, Sonadih Mela, is held here in conjunction with Navratri.
* Ghaghara river and its bank
# Okey Dokey (SKE48 song)

"Okey Dokey" (オキドキ, Oki Doki) also "Oki Doki" and "Okie Dokie", is the 7th single by Japanese girl group SKE48. It was released on November 9, 2011. It debuted at number-one on the weekly Oricon Singles Chart and, as of April 30, 2012 (issue date), has sold 474,970 copies.

## Members
### "Okey Dokey"

* Team S: Masana Ōya, Haruka Ono, Yuria Kizaki, Mizuki Kuwabara, Akari Suda, Kanako Hiramatsu, Jurina Matsui, Rena Matsui, Kumi Yagami, Yukiko Kinoshita
* Team KII: Shiori Ogiso, Akane Takayanagi, Sawako Hata
* Team E: Shiori Kaneko, Kanon Kimoto, Minami Hara

### "Hatsukoi no Fumikiri"

* All Members

### "Bazooka Hō Hassha!"
#### Shirogumi

* Team S: Yūka Nakanishi, Rikako Hirata, Jurina Matsui
* Team KII: Riho Abiru, Anna Ishida, Mieko Satō, Rina Matsumoto, Tomoka Wakabayashi
* Team E: Kyōka Isohara, Ami Kobayashi, Aya Shibata
* Kenkyūsei: Makiko Saitō

### "Hohoemi no Positive Thinking"
#### Akagumi

* Team S: Rumi Katō, Shiori Takada, Aki Deguchi, Rena Matsui
* Team KII: Seira Satō, Airi Furukawa, Manatsu Mukaida, Miki Yakata
* Team E: Kasumi Ueno, Madoka Umemoto, Yukari Yamashita
* Kenkyūsei: Momona Kitō

### "Utaōyo, Bokutachi no Kōka"
#### Selection 8

* Team S: Masana Ōya, Haruka Ono, Yuria Kizaki, Jurina Matsui, Rena Matsui, Kumi Yagami
* Team KII: Shiori Ogiso, Akane Takayanagi
* Team E: Kanon Kimoto

## Oricon Charts

| Release | Oricon Singles Chart | Peak position | Debut sales (copies) | Sales total (copies) |
| November 9, 2011 | Daily Chart | 1 | 283,011 | 474,970 |
| November 9, 2011 | Weekly Chart | 1 | 382,802 | 474,970 |
| November 9, 2011 | Monthly Chart | 2 | 421,366 | 474,970 |
# Bremen Township, Delaware County, Iowa

Bremen Township is a township in Delaware County, Iowa, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 849.

## Geography

Bremen Township covers an area of 36.69 square miles (95.02 square kilometers); of this, 0.01 square miles (0.04 square kilometers) or 0.04 percent is water. Lakes in this township include Tegeler Pond.

### Cities and towns

* Dyersville (west quarter)

### Unincorporated towns

* Petersburg
(This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.)

### Adjacent townships

* Colony Township (north)
* Liberty Township, Dubuque County (northeast)
* New Wine Township, Dubuque County (east)
* North Fork Township (south)
* Delhi Township (southwest)
* Oneida Township (west)
* Elk Township (northwest)

### Cemeteries

The township contains two cemeteries: Saint Francis and Saint Peter and Paul.

### Major highways

* U.S. Route 20
# IVIC syndrome

IVIC syndrome, also known as Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciónes Científicas syndrome or oculo-oto-radial syndrome is a very rare autosomal dominant limb malformation genetic disorder that is characterized by upper limb and ocular abnormalities and congenital hearing loss on both ears.

## Presentation

People with this disorder often have the following symptoms:
* Radial ray defects
* Fusion of the carpal bones
* Long thumb metacarpal
* Short distal phalange of the thumb
* Bilateral congenital hearing loss
* Internal ophthalmoplegia (eye paralysis)
* Thrombocytopenia
* Leukocytosis.

## Etymology

This disorder was first discovered in 1980 by Arias et al., when he described a Venezuelan family of Caucasian descent where 19 of its members exhibited the symptoms mentioned above. When the family tree was revised, it was found that the family's ancestors emigrated from the Canary Islands to Venezuela 140 years before, more specifically somewhere in the 1800s, the mutation causing the disorder seemed to have come into existence in a member belonging to the 6th generation of the family. Afterwards, two more affected families were reported in medical literature, one from Italy and the other from Turkey.
This disorder is named after the institute where Arias et al. (whose real name was Sergio Arias Cazorla) worked as a geneticist; the Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciónes Científicas (English: Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research), Arias was also a zoology professor at the Escuela de Capacitación Forestal de El Junquito (English: Forest Capacitation School El Junquito) from 1952 to 1953, then from 1970 to 1975 he was a biology professor at the Universidad Simón Bolívar (English: Simón Bolívar University), then from 1975 to 1996 he was a human genetics professor (presumably at the same university)
It was later discovered in 2007 by Arias and Paradisi et al. through the original Venezuelan family with IVIC syndrome that the cause of the disorder is an autosomal dominant genetic mutation in the SALL4 gene, in chromosome 20.
# Ore Mines, Kentucky

Ore Mines is an unincorporated community located in Bath County, Kentucky, United States.
# Henry Bourchier

Henry Bourchier may refer to:
* Henry Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex (c. 1404–1483), English peer
* Henry Bourchier, 2nd Earl of Essex (died 1540), English peer
* Henry Bourchier, 5th Earl of Bath (1587–1654), English peer
# Glorious Order of the Crown of Kedah

The Glorious Order of the Crown of Kedah (Bahasa Melayu: Darjah Kebesaran Gemilang Sri Mahkota Kedah) is an honorific order of the Sultanate of Kedah

## History

It was founded by Sultan Abdul Halim of Kedah in January 2001.

## Classes

It is awarded in three classes:
* Knight Commander or Dato' Wira (DGMK) with title Dato' Wira (Knight Hero)
* Companion or Setia (GMK)
* Member or Ahli (AGK)
Ribbon :
| DGMK | GMK | AGK |
# Helga Müller

Helga Müller was a West German luger who competed during the 1950s. She won the silver medal in the women's singles event at the 1957 FIL World Luge Championships in Davos, Switzerland.
# Beltheca

Beltheca is a genus of moth in the family Gelechiidae.

## Species

* Beltheca oni Kawahara & Adamski, 2006
* Beltheca phosphoropa (Meyrick, 1922)
* Beltheca picolella Busck, 1914 [=Anterethista heteractis Meyrick, 1914]
# Boyle Street

Boyle Street could refer to
* Boyle Street, Edmonton, Canada
* Boyle Street, London, England
# Grandmother Fish

Grandmother Fish: A Child's First Book of Evolution is a 2015 book by Jonathan Tweet. Illustrated by Karen Lewis, the book explains Charles Darwin's theory of common descent with a target audience of 3–5-year-olds. It uses a call-and-response interaction between speaker and listener, where the child is asked to mimic the behavior of various animals from our evolutionary past. The book is illustrated by Karen Lewis with colored artwork.

## Overview

The book includes additional reading aids:
* An illustration of the evolutionary tree of life.
* Science notes for parents.
* How to explain natural selection to a child.

## Reception

Grandmother Fish got mostly positive reviews by reviewers such as School Library Journal, Steven Pinker, and Jonathan Haidt. However, it has been criticised by creationist organizations.

## Publishing history

The book was funded by Kickstarter. The book was later picked up by a mainstream publisher. Macmillan released a second edition on September 6, 2016.
# Grimason

Grimason is a surname.

## People with the surname

* Alistair Grimason (1957–2022), Irish Anglican priest
* Stephen Grimason (1957–2024), Northern Irish journalist
# Margo Leavin

Margo Leavin (1936–2021) was an American art dealer. She was born in New York, but spent her career in Los Angeles. In 1970, she opened the Margo Leavin Gallery in West Hollywood, CA, which she operated until it closed in 2013.

## Career and reputation

Leavin was known for her wit, her relationships with her artists, and business savvy. The longevity of her career is a testament to these attributes. The Gallery closed in 2013 but it promoted itself as specializing in contemporary photography, sculpture, paintings and drawings.
Artist and art dealer Nicholas Wilder is quoted as saying about Leavin and her gallery, "She works very hard and it's run as a business. It's not a thing that's there for some lifestyle change or for a tax write-off or something. She's a very good dealer."

## Margo Leavin Gallery

The Margo Leavin Gallery was a contemporary art gallery in Los Angeles, California, United States. The gallery was opened in 1970 by Leavin at what was then the studio of designer Tony Duquette. Leavin later expanded to adjacent buildings along the block, including a former post office, which served as an exhibition space. Wendy Brandow, who joined in 1976, became a partner in 1989.
While the gallery began with exhibitions of mostly editioned work, it grew to become renowned for its program of modern and contemporary art and its work with a wide variety of artists from emerging to established ones.
The gallery closed in 2013, after producing over 400 solo exhibitions. In 2015, it was announced that the Getty Research Institute would acquire the complete archives of the Margo Leavin Gallery. The gallery property was sold in May 2016 to movie producer Megan Ellison, daughter of billionaire Larry Ellison, for $40 million.
In June 2016, Leavin made a $20 million donation to the UCLA School of the Arts and Architecture to rebuild and expand its aging graduate art studio facilities in Culver City; the complex was renamed the UCLA Margo Leavin Graduate Art Studios.

### Exhibitions

The following is a partial list:
* Billy Al Bengston
* Joe Goode
* Ed Moses
* John Chamberlain
* Dan Flavin
* Ellsworth Kelly
* Lynda Benglis
* Agnes Martin
* Hannah Wilke
* David Hockney
* Sol LeWitt
* Charles Gaines
* Haim Steinbach
* Albert Oehlen
* Rudolf Stingel
* Mel Kendrick
* Sherrie Levine
* Larry Johnson
* Tony Oursler
* Dan Graham
* Alexis Smith
* John Baldessari
* Sarah Charlesworth
* Roni Horn
* Joseph Kosuth
* William Leavitt
* Stephen Prina
* Allen Ruppersberg
* Gary Simmons
* Jeffrey Vallance
* Christopher Williams
# Panchmahali

Panchmahali (also spelled Panchmahli) is a census town in Nirsa CD block in Dhanbad Sadar subdivision of Dhanbad district in the Indian state of Jharkhand.

## Geography
### Location

Panchmahali is located at 23°44′09″N 86°46′29″E﻿ / ﻿23.7358°N 86.7747°E﻿ / 23.7358; 86.7747.
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the area. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

### Overview

The region shown in the map is a part of the undulating uplands bustling with coalmines. While the Damodar flows along the southern boundary, the Barakar flows along the eastern boundary. Both the rivers form the boundary with West Bengal. Panchet Dam and Maithon Dam, along with their reservoirs, are prominently visible in the map. The entire area is covered in Nirsa (community development block). In Nirsa CD block 69% of the population live in rural areas and 31% live in urban areas. The official website of the district has announced the formation of two new CD blocks – Egarkund and Kaliasole, possibly carved out of Nirsa CD block. As of July 2019, there is no further information about the new CD blocks. BCCL operates Chanch/ Victoria Area partially within the region shown in the map. ECL operates Mugma Area fully within the region shown in the map.

## Demographics

As per the 2011 Census of India, Panchmahali had a total population of 4,832 of which 2,568 (53%) were males and 2,264 (47%) were females. Population below 6 years was 664. The total number of literates in Panchmahali was 2,996 (71.88% of the population over 6 years).

## Infrastructure

Panchmahali has an area of 0.857 km$^2$. It is 45 km from the district headquarters Dhanbad. There is a railway station at Kumardubi 3 km away. Buses are available in the town. It has 6 km roads and open drains. The two major sources of protected water supply are uncovered wells and tap water from treated sources. There are 749 domestic electric connections and 400 road light points. Amongst the medical facilities, it has 1 medicine shop. Amongst the educational facilities, it has 1 primary school and 1 middle school. Secondary school, senior secondary school and general degree college are there at Kumadubhi.
# Gummy Song Fetus

Gummy Song Fetus is a three-track EP by the Flaming Lips, consisting of a USB drive embedded inside a gummy fetus. It was first hand-delivered to Love Garden record store in Lawrence, Kansas by Wayne Coyne before its official release date of June 25, 2011, where the early gummy fetuses sold out quickly. Being that the gummy fetuses are smaller than the $150 Gummy Skulls released previously in April 2011, they were originally priced at $30, as opposed to the former's price. Songs were recorded at Tarbox Road Studios in Cassadaga, New York, Steven's computer, Michael's musical M.A.S.H., and Wayne's house in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, March–May 2011.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Derek Brown, Kliph Scurlock, Michael Ivins, Steven Drozd, and Wayne Coyne
# Henry Sandys (MP)

Henry Sandys (c. 1607 – July 1640) was an English politician, MP for Mitchell in 1625.
He was the eldest son of Sir Edwin Sandys MP, a founding member and Treasurer of the Virginia Company, and his fourth wife Catherine Bulkeley, daughter of Sir Richard Bulkeley.
Sandys was educated at Wadham College, Oxford, matriculating in 1621 and graduating B.A. in 1624. He entered Gray's Inn as a student in 1627.
He married Margaret Hammond, daughter of Sir William Hammond.
Sandys was elected MP for Mitchell in the Useless Parliament of 1625. The Parliament was dissolved by King Charles I after sitting for less than three months.
He did not stand for election again. His father Sir Edwin died in 1629, leaving him considerable debts, and shares in the Virginia Company (which had failed in 1624). Henry Sandys borrowed further; by his death he owed his creditors more than £8,000.
His will was proved on 28 July 1640.
# Belmar (horse)

Belmar (foaled in 1892) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse owned by James Galway's Preakness Stables of Preakness, New Jersey.

## Racing career

Belmar was trained by Edward Feakes and ridden by future U.S. Racing Hall of Fame jockey Fred Taral. He earned his first victory just four days before he ran in the 1895 Preakness. He nonetheless went off as the second choice and won by a length. That year, the Belmont was held on November 2 because, according to the official chart, "New York Jockey Club closed out its affairs. Race run under the jurisdiction of the Westchester Racing Association." Belmar, who was the fourth choice in a field of five, won by a neck over the favorite, Counter Tenor, while carrying 7 pounds less.
In 1896, Belmar won the Manhattan Handicap at Morris Park Racecourse in The Bronx, New York. In 1897, he won the Ocean Handicap at Sheepshead Bay Race Track in Brooklyn.
In his later racing career, Belmar was owned by the handicapper "Pittsburgh Phil" and was trained by William "Bill" Smith. In a 1908 interview, Bill Smith said that Belmar was one of the best horses he ever trained and was notorious for winning his races in a close finish, usually by a head or neck. Belmar was standing at the farm of T.L. Watt in Westchester County in 1908 as a stallion for the breeding bureau.

## Pedigree

Pedigree of Belmar :
| Sire Belvidere 1884 | Billet 1865 | Voltigeur | Voltaire |
| Sire Belvidere 1884 | Billet 1865 | Voltigeur | Martha Lynn |
| Sire Belvidere 1884 | Billet 1865 | Calcutta | Flatcatcher |
| Sire Belvidere 1884 | Billet 1865 | Calcutta | Miss Martin |
| Sire Belvidere 1884 | Jaconet 1875 | Leamington | Faugh-a-Ballagh |
| Sire Belvidere 1884 | Jaconet 1875 | Leamington | Pantaloon Mare |
| Sire Belvidere 1884 | Jaconet 1875 | Maggie B B | Australian |
| Sire Belvidere 1884 | Jaconet 1875 | Maggie B B | Madeline |
| Dam Adele 1876 | Australian 1858 | West Australian | Melbourne |
| Dam Adele 1876 | Australian 1858 | West Australian | Mowerina |
| Dam Adele 1876 | Australian 1858 | Emilia | Young Emilius |
| Dam Adele 1876 | Australian 1858 | Emilia | Persian |
| Dam Adele 1876 | Lightning Mare 1870 | Lightning | Lexington |
| Dam Adele 1876 | Lightning Mare 1870 | Lightning | Blue Bonnet |
| Dam Adele 1876 | Lightning Mare 1870 | Revenue Mare | Revenue |
| Dam Adele 1876 | Lightning Mare 1870 | Revenue Mare | Minnow |