# 10th United States Congress

The 10th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1807, to March 4, 1809, during the seventh and eighth years of Thomas Jefferson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1800 census; both chambers had an overwhelming Democratic-Republican majority.

## Major events

* May 22, 1807: Former Vice President of the United States Aaron Burr was indicted for treason. He was acquitted September 1, 1807
* June 1807: Chesapeake-Leopard Affair: The British warship HMS Leopard (1790) captured and boarded the USS Chesapeake (1799).
* August 17, 1807: The Clermont, Robert Fulton's first American steamboat, left New York City for Albany, New York, on the Hudson River, inaugurating the first commercial steamboat service in the world.
* January 1, 1808: The importation of slaves into the United States was banned

## Major legislation

* December 22, 1807: Embargo Act of 1807, ch. 5, 2 Stat. 451
* March 1, 1809: Non-Intercourse Act (1809), ch. 24, 2 Stat. 528

## Territories organized

* February 3, 1809: Illinois Territory was organized from a portion of Indiana Territory, 2 Stat. 514

## Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

### Senate

| | Party (shading shows control) | Party (shading shows control) | Total | Vacant |
| | Democratic- Republican (DR) | Federalist (F) | Total | Vacant |
| End of previous congress | 27 | 7 | 34 | 0 |
| Begin | 28 | 6 | 34 | 0 |
| End | 28 | 6 | 34 | 0 |
| Final voting share | 82.4% | 17.6% | | |
| Beginning of next congress | 26 | 7 | 33 | 1 |

### House of Representatives

| | Party (shading shows control) | Party (shading shows control) | Total | Vacant |
| | Democratic- Republican (DR) | Federalist (F) | Total | Vacant |
| End of previous congress | 113 | 28 | 141 | 1 |
| Begin | 115 | 25 | 140 | 2 |
| End | 115 | 27 | 142 | 0 |
| Final voting share | 81.0% | 19.0% | | |
| Beginning of next congress | 95 | 47 | 142 | 0 |

## Leadership
### Senate

* President: George Clinton (DR)
* President pro tempore: Samuel Smith (DR), elected April 16, 1808
** Stephen R. Bradley (DR), elected December 28, 1808
** John Milledge (DR), elected January 30, 1809

### House of Representatives

* Speaker: Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR)

## Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and representatives are listed by district.
    Skip to House of Representatives, below

### Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election.

### House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

## Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

### Senate

There were 5 resignations, 2 deaths, and 1 interim appointment. Neither party had a net change.

### House of Representatives

Of the voting members, there were 4 resignations, 4 deaths, and 2 vacancies from the beginning of this Congress. Democratic-Republicans had no net change and Federalists picked up 2 seats.

## Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders.

### Senate

* Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: John Quincy Adams)
* Engrossed Bills (Chairman: Andrew Gregg then Francis Malbone)
* Whole

### House of Representatives

* Accounts (Chairman: Nicholas R. Moore)
* Affairs with Algiers (Select)
* Claims (Chairman: David Holmes)
* Commerce and Manufactures (Chairman: Thomas Newton Jr.)
* Conduct of Peter J. Bruin (Select)
* District of Columbia (Chairman: Joseph Lewis Jr.)
* Elections (Chairman: William Findley)
* Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: John Rhea)
* Public Lands (Chairman: John Boyle then Jeremiah Morrow)
* Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: John Clopton)
* Rules (Select)
* Standards of Official Conduct
* Ways and Means (Chairman: George W. Campbell)
* Whole

### Joint committees

* Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Sen. James Turner)
* The Library (Chairman: N/A)

## Employees
### Legislative branch agency directors

* Architect of the Capitol: Benjamin Latrobe
* Librarian of Congress: Patrick Magruder

### Senate

* Chaplain: John J. Sayrs (Episcopalian), until November 10, 1807
** Alexander T. McCormick (Episcopalian), elected November 10, 1807
** Robert Elliott (Presbyterian), elected November 10, 1808
* Secretary: Samuel A. Otis
* Sergeant at Arms: James Mathers

### House of Representatives

* Chaplain: Robert Elliott Presbyterian, until October 30, 1807
** Obadiah B. Brown, Baptist, from October 30, 1807
* Clerk: John J. Beckley, until April 8, 1807 (died)
** Patrick Magruder, from April 8, 1807
* Doorkeeper: Thomas Claxton
* Reading Clerks: [data missing]
* Sergeant at Arms: Joseph Wheaton, until October 27, 1807
** Thomas Dunn, from October 27, 1807