OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# On Thermonuclear War

On Thermonuclear War is a book by Herman Kahn, a military strategist at the RAND Corporation, although it was written only a year before he left RAND to form the Hudson Institute. It is a controversial treatise on the nature and theory of war in the thermonuclear weapon age. In it, Kahn addresses the strategic doctrines of nuclear war and its effect on the international balance of power.
Kahn's stated purpose in writing the book was "avoiding disaster and buying time, without specifying the use of this time." The title of the book was inspired by the classic volume On War, by Carl von Clausewitz.
Widely read on both sides of the Iron Curtain—the book sold 30,000 copies in hardcover—it is noteworthy for its views on the lack of credibility of a purely thermonuclear deterrent and how a country could "win" a nuclear war.
Kahn used the term Doomsday Machine in the book as a rhetorical device to show the limits of John von Neumann's strategy of mutual assured destruction or MAD.

## Reception

Of the book, Hubert H. Humphrey said: "New thoughts, particularly those which contradict current assumptions, are always painful for the human mind to contemplate. On Thermonuclear War is filled with such thoughts."

## In popular culture

Kahn is sometimes credited with having coined the term megadeath in this book as shorthand for one million deaths. However, though the book does describe deaths in terms of millions, it does not contain the term megadeath, and Kahn was quoted as having said in a 1982 interview, "I know of no analyst who uses the term megadeath. The peace people use it and they think we use it." The book The Worlds of Herman Kahn contains a footnote describing the use of the term in the headline of a 1963 article by Marcus Raskin.
Lines from the character General Buck Turgidson in Stanley Kubrick's 1964 film Dr. Strangelove directly mimic passages from this book, such as Turgidson's phrase "two admittedly regrettable, but nevertheless, distinguishable post-war environments" which reflects a chart from this book labeled "Tragic but Distinguishable Postwar States". Indeed, the folder that General Turgidson holds while reading a report on projected nuclear war casualties is titled "Global Targets in Megadeaths".
Tom Clancy's 1991 political thriller The Sum of All Fears quotes a passage from this book in the introduction.

## Publication

First published in 1960 by the Princeton University Press (ISBN 0-313-20060-2), it was republished as a paperback by Transaction Publishers in 2007 (ISBN 978-1412806640).
# Bergville

Bergville is a small town situated in the foothills of the Drakensberg mountains, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It was established as Bergville Mountain Village in 1897 and is now the commercial centre for a 2,500 km$^2$ dairy and cattle ranching area. A blockhouse was built by the British soldiers in the town during the Second Boer War
Bergville is equidistant from Johannesburg and Durban and is also known as the gateway to the Northern Drakensberg holiday resorts. It lies on Route R74, which is a more scenic alternative to the N3 Toll Road. This route takes one via the Oliviershoek Pass, traditionally used to access the Drakensberg, from Johannesburg. Bergville is most easily reached from Durban by turning off the N3 after Estcourt, joining the R74 through Winterton towards the mountain.
Bergville is composed mostly of three land areas: the town markert and it's near villages; Amangwane, Amazizi, Acton Homes, Thintwa Village, Rookdale, Bethany, Geluksburg, Woodford and the CBD. Amazizi includes Emazizini and Obonjaneni. Whiles Amangwane are the biggest areas with names such as Emaswazini, Ngoba, Dukuza, Zwelisha, Emoyeni, Emakhosaneni, Ndunwane, Stulwane, Khokhwane, and Magagangangozi. Sanele Mthembu, a well known Programmer also comes from there.
Other towns in the immediate region include
* Ladysmith on the R616
* Acton Homes on the R616 towards Ladysmith
* Geluksburg
* Thintwa Village
* Jagersrust on the R74 towards Harrismith - living quarters for workers of the Drakensberg Pumped Storage Scheme

## Services

* Emmaus Hospital

## Projects in the Bergville Area

* World Vision
* Disability Information Project
* Bergville Community Builders

## Photo gallery

* Bergville Community Builders Career Day at Ukhahlamba 2008
* SAIEE and Wits students ran workshops for Bergville science teachers 2008

## Notable people

* Sjava (Jabulani Hadebe), singer, born 1983
* Big Zulu (Siyabonga Nene), rapper, born 1987
# Reinwardtiodendron cinereum

Reinwardtiodendron cinereum is a tree in the family Meliaceae. It is native to Southeast Asia. The specific epithet cinereum means 'ashen', referring to the leaves' colour on drying.

## Description

Reinwardtiodendron cinereum grows up to 27 metres (90 ft) tall, with a trunk diameter of up to 70 cm (28 in). It has a bole up to 18 m (60 ft) tall and buttresses to 1 m (3.3 ft) tall. The leaves are elliptic and measure up to 5.5 cm (2 in) long, occasionally to 8 cm (3 in). The fruits are yellow.

## Distribution and habitat

Reinwardtiodendron cinereum is native to Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo. Its habitat is forests at elevations to 700 m (2,000 ft).
# Portobello Vegan Trattoria

Portobello Vegan Trattoria was an Italian restaurant specializing in plant-based cuisine in Portland, Oregon's Hosford-Abernethy neighborhood, in the United States.

## Description

Portobello Vegan Trattoria was an Italian restaurant in southeast Portland's Hosford-Abernethy neighborhood, housed in the Banana Building on Division Street. The menu included beet tartare, a beet burger, gnocchi, and ravioli. According to People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), Portobello also served lobster mushroom potato cakes, tiramisu, and coconut ice cream. The restaurant offered a four-course tasting menu.

## History

The restaurant was co-founded by Dinae Horne and Aaron Adams in December 2008 or January 2009. In 2010, chef Adams represented Portobello in the first Vegan Iron Chef, presented by Try Vegan PDX.
Adams sold his part of the company in 2014.
Portobello closed on December 31, 2016, after hosting a New Year's Eve party. The restaurant was replaced by Heart Bar and later Aviv. In 2017, Portland Monthly said Portobello had "served as Portland's only all-vegan pizza spot for several years".

## Reception

In 2009, Patrick Alan Coleman of the Portland Mercury wrote, "Portobello is already making a mark in Portland and is set to be a favorite of vegans and omnivores alike. Sharing a space with Cellar Door Coffee, it's cozy while remaining refined and open relatively late. Swooning is permitted, as are passionate displays of ingestion."
In 2012, Grant Butler included the beet tartare in The Oregonian's list of Portland's 10 best vegan dishes and wrote, "Chef Aaron Adams is one of Portland's most creative vegan chefs, and his Southeast Division trattoria is one of the city's best Italian kitchens, producing dishes that strike the right balance between inventiveness and comfort. Adams insists on using the best ingredients, sourced for both their ethical and organic qualities, and he's fascinated with modernist cooking techniques."
In his 2013 review of Portobello, Butler said, "This Italian American restaurant strikes the right balance between approachable vegan fare such as pizza and homemade veggie burgers and inventive culinary whimsy from ... Adams, who currently is experimenting with how principles of molecular gastronomy can play out in plant-based fare. It's a daring approach that pays off, giving diners the choice between comfort and shazam." He said the four-course tasing menu "is one of the best deals around" and wrote, "Still not impressed by faux cheese? Portobello's plate of artisan nut- and tofu-cheeses could make you a believer."
Following the restaurant's closure, Eater Portland's Mattie John Bamman called Portobello a "pioneer in Portland's vegan cooking".
# Bangkok United F.C. in Asian competitions
## Results

| Season | Competition | Round | Club | Home | Away | Aggregate |
| 2007 | AFC Champions League | Group F | Chunnam Dragons | 0–0 | 2–3 | 4th out of 4 |
| 2007 | AFC Champions League | Group F | Kawasaki Frontale | 1–2 | 1–1 | 4th out of 4 |
| 2007 | AFC Champions League | Group F | Arema Malang | 0–0 | 0–1 | 4th out of 4 |
| 2017 | AFC Champions League | Preliminary round 2 | Johor Darul Ta'zim | 1–1 (a.e.t.) (4–5 p) | 1–1 (a.e.t.) (4–5 p) | 1–1 (a.e.t.) (4–5 p) |
| 2019 | AFC Champions League | Preliminary round 2 | Hà Nội | 0–1 | 0–1 | 0–1 |
| 2023–24 | AFC Champions League | Group F | Lion City Sailors | 1–0 | 2–1 | 1st out of 4 |
| 2023–24 | AFC Champions League | Group F | Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors | 3–2 | 2–3 | 1st out of 4 |
| 2023–24 | AFC Champions League | Group F | Kitchee | 1–1 | 2–1 | 1st out of 4 |
| 2023–24 | AFC Champions League | Round of 16 | Yokohama F. Marinos | 2–2 | 0–1 (a.e.t.) | 2–3 |
| 2024–25 | AFC Champions League Elite | Play-off round | Shandong Taishan | 1–1 (a.e.t.) (3–4 p) | 1–1 (a.e.t.) (3–4 p) | 1–1 (a.e.t.) (3–4 p) |
| 2024–25 | AFC Champions League Two | Group G | Tampines Rovers | 4–2 | 0–1 | 1st out of 4 |
| 2024–25 | AFC Champions League Two | Group G | Thép Xanh Nam Định | 3–2 | 0–0 | 1st out of 4 |
| 2024–25 | AFC Champions League Two | Group G | Lee Man | 4–1 | 1–0 | 1st out of 4 |
| 2024–25 | AFC Champions League Two | Round of 16 | | | | |

## Statistics
### By competition

Statistics of Bangkok United in Asian competition.
| Competition | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Win% |
| AFC Champions League | 16 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 18 | 20 | −2 | 025.00 |
| AFC Champions League Elite | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | +0 | 000.00 |
| AFC Champions League Two | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 6 | +6 | 066.67 |

### By nation

| Nation | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Win% |
| China | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | +0 | 000.00 |
| Hong Kong | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | +1 | 050.00 |
| Indonesia | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | −1 | 000.00 |
| Japan | 4 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 6 | −2 | 000.00 |
| Malaysia | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | +0 | 000.00 |
| Singapore | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | +2 | 100.00 |
| South Korea | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 8 | −1 | 025.00 |
| Vietnam | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | −1 | 000.00 |
# Alaimo

Alaimo is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Anthony Alaimo (1920–2009), United States district court judge
* Jay Alaimo (born 1972), American movie director, writer and producer
* Lorenzo Alaimo (born 1952), Italian racing cyclist
* Marc Alaimo (born 1942), American actor
* Simone Alaimo (born 1950), Italian bass-baritone, uncle of Nicola
* Steve Alaimo (1939–2024), American singer, record producer, and label owner
# Cheikh Sadibou Fall

Cheikh Sadibou Fall (28 August 1950 – 21 July 2020) was a Senegalese politician.

## Biography

Fall studied law at Cheikh Anta Diop University in Dakar, then at the University of Bordeaux 1, where he obtained a DESS in business and corporate law. He finished his education at the Institut Regional Du Travail Social Nouvelle-Aquitaine, the University of Massachusetts Boston, the Liberales Institute, and the Institut régional d'administration des entreprises de Bordeaux1.
Following his education, he worked largely in the private sector as a management official, administrative and financial director, and a director of a legal expertise firm. In 1996, he was first elected mayor of Fann-Point E-Amitié, a position he held until 2001.
Fall was a member of the Senegalese Democratic Party (PDS) from 1998 to 2001 and was chairman of the Liberté-Démocratie-Progrès parliamentary group. He was appointed as Minister of Town Planning and Housing on 23 November 2000 by Moustapha Niasse, replacing the sacked Amath Dansokho. He then held his position under the leadership of Mame Madior Boye until 12 May 2001.
During the 2001 Senegalese parliamentary election, Fall was removed from the PDS party listing following a dispute with Idrissa Seck. However, Boye appointed him Minister of Fisheries after a government reshuffle. However, after the sinking of Le Joola in September 2002, Fall was sacked on 4 November 2002.
On 22 April 2004, Fall was appointed as Minister of the Interior by Macky Sall, but was relieved of his duties on 2 November and was replaced by Ousmane Ngom. In April 2005, he was appointed as Ambassador to Italy.
Cheikh Sadibou Fall died on 21 July 2020 in Toulouse, France at the age of 69.
# Mamadou Bamba Ndiaye

Mamado Bamba Ndiaye (4 April 1949 – 3 July 2020) was a Senegalese journalist, islamologist, and politician. He served as Minister of Religious Affairs under the presidency of Abdoulaye Wade from 2000 to 2012. He supported Malick Gakou as Parti Grand leader in 2012, and Macky Sall for President of Senegal in 2019. Ndiaye was also director of the daily newspaper Le Messager.
Ndiaye died on 3 July 2020, in Dakar, at the age of 71 from COVID-19.
# Dhani

Dhani may refer to:

## Places

* Dhani (settlement type), a type of small settlement in India
* Dhani Bandhwali, small village situated near the town of Nangal Choudhary, India
* Dhani Kumharan, small village in the Buhana tehsil of Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan, India
* Dhani Poonia, village in Taranagar tehsil of Churu district in Rajasthan, India
* Dhani-Sela, village located in the Bali tehsil in the Pali district of Rajasthan, India
* Dhani Waterfall, high waterfall in Neelum Valley, Asad Kashmir, Pakistan
* Ghaslo Ki Dhani, village of Kishangarh tahsil, Ajmer district, Rajasthan, India
* Meharon Ki Dhani, small village in Jaisalmer district, Rajasthan, India
* Salamsingh Ki Dhani, small village in the outskirts of the Sikar city, Rajasthan, India

## People
### Given name

* Dhani Ram Chatrik (1876–1954), pioneer of modern Punjabi poetry
* Dhani Ram Shandil (born 1940), Indian colonel and politician
* Dhani Muhammad Prasetyo (born 1972), Indonesian rock musician, singer-songwriter and producer popularly known as Ahmad Dhani
* Dhani Harrison (born 1978), English musician
* Dhani Jones (born 1978), American football player and television host
* Dhani Lennevald (born 1984), Swedish Pop/R&B singer and former member of the pop band the A*Teens

### Middle name

* Kallu Dhani Ram (born 1923), head of the oldest farmers union in Fiji

### Family name

* Omar Dhani (1924–2009), Indonesian air marshal

### Honorific title

* Dhani (Master/Lord), one of the components of the honorific title of the Aga Khan

## Others

* Dhani (raga), an Indian classical raga
* Dhani dialect, a dialect of Punjabi spoken in Pakistan
* Dhani (company), an Indian online brokerage company
# Kasten bei Böheimkirchen

Kasten bei Böheimkirchen is a town in the district of Sankt Pölten-Land in the Austrian state of Lower Austria.
# Avigdor Moskowitz

Avigdor Moskowitz (born 4 February 1953) is a former Israeli basketball player, playing as a point guard.
He was a member of the Israeli national basketball team, which won a gold medal at 1974 Asian Games after defeating South Korea 92–85 in a final match. He represented his country four times in the European Championships and in 1979 he won a silver medal.
# Margherita Gonzaga, Marquise of Ferrara

Margherita Gonzaga, Marquise of Ferrara (1418–1439) was a noblewoman of the House of Gonzaga, from Mantua in modern-day Italy. She was the daughter of Gianfrancesco I Gonzaga, Marquess of Mantua and Paola Malatesta. In 1435, she became the first wife of Leonello d'Este, Marquess of Ferrara, making her the Marquise of Ferrara and creating an alliance between the House of Gonzaga of Mantua and the House of Este of Ferrara. The artist Pisanello gave them a painting of Julius Caesar as a wedding gift. The couple had a son, Niccolò, who is also known as Niccolò di Leonello to avoid confusion with his grandfather, Niccolò III d'Este.
# York Barbican

York Barbican is an indoor entertainment venue located in York, England. Named after the nearby barbican attached to Walmgate Bar, the venue hosts a busy calendar of live music, comedy and sports, as well as business events and conferences. It has a 1,500 seating capacity and a 1,900 standing capacity.
York Barbican is the host venue for the second biggest-ranking snooker tournament, the UK Championship, and has done so from 2001 to 2006, and then from 2011 onwards.
The centre is located on the southern end of York city centre, opposite the city walls.

## History

The current facility was built in 1989 at a price of £15 million by York Council, adding to a swimming pool, which had been previously constructed on the site in 1980. The 1989 construction added a sports hall and auditorium, with a climbing wall facility, café and bars. Despite offering the largest concert facility and a wide range of classes and local events (such as the annual York Interschool Battle of the Bands), York Barbican consistently made losses while it was operated by the council, and in 2000, both the swimming pool and new facilities were placed on the market in a bid to pass them on to private management.
By 2003, a single bidder had emerged as the preferred company to develop the site. Proposals to build new swimming facilities were part of the plans. However, a local group of residents, 'Save Our Barbican' (S.O.B.) spearheaded local opposition to the proposals circulated in the public consultation. Later planned developments suggested apartments on the site, or a casino and nightclub facility. By the end of 2004, with no plans accepted and a legal case going forward by the resident group, York Barbican was closed and lay empty for years to come. The swimming pool building was demolished, and the 1989 building began to show signs of weathering and vandalism and closed down.
In spring 2011, it finally reopened after a £1.5 million refurbishment, owned by the council but managed by ASM Global, an international venue operator.
On 19 June 2021, a local group of squatters moved into the demolished swimming pool and reclaimed it as "Barbican Community Centre". They claim they are stopping the land - which has been empty for 15 years - from being developed into expensive student accommodation.

## Notable events

The Liberal Democrats regularly hold the Liberal Democrat Conference at the venue.
The venue is the current host of the UK Snooker Championship.
In 2019, the venue hosted the Conservative Party Hustings, between Jeremy Hunt and Boris Johnson.
# Dick Grune

Dick Grune is a Dutch computer scientist and university lecturer best known for inventing and developing the first version of the Concurrent Versions System (CVS). Grune was involved in the construction of Algol 68 compilers in the 1970s and the Amsterdam Compiler Kit in the 1980s.
He also named gnome sort, a sorting algorithm invented by Hamid Sarbazi-Azad, who originally published it under the name stupid sort.

## Selected publications

* Henri E. Bal and Dick Grune. Programming Language Essentials. Addison-Wesley, 1994. ISBN 0-201-63179-2.
* Dick Grune and Ceriel J. H. Jacobs. Parsing Techniques: A Practical Guide (Second Edition). Springer, 2008. ISBN 978-0-387-20248-8.
* Dick Grune, Kees van Reeuwijk, Henri E. Bal, Ceriel J. H. Jacobs, and Koen G. Langendoen. Modern Compiler Design (Second Edition). John Wiley & Sons, 2010.
# Anagelasta

Anagelasta is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:
subgenus Anagelasta
* Anagelasta apicalis Pic, 1925
* Anagelasta grisea Breuning, 1936
* Anagelasta lineifrons Gressitt, 1951
subgenus Mesagelasta
* Anagelasta nigromaculata Breuning, 1938
* Anagelasta transversevittata Breuning, 1964
* Anagelasta trimaculata Breuning, 1938
# Gheorghe Ciobotaru

Gheorghe Ciobotaru (born 14 December 1953) is a Romanian wrestler. He competed in the men's Greco-Roman 74 kg at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
# Gift (1993 film)

Gift is a 1993 experimental docudrama made by Perry Farrell and his then-girlfriend, Casey Niccoli. The film prominently features Farrell's band Jane's Addiction.

## Production

Though released in 1993, the majority of filming took place three years earlier during the recording sessions of Ritual de lo Habitual in 1990.
The film was edited by Eric Zumbrunnen and Niccoli.

## Release

Gift premiered to a limited audience on February 19, 1993, more than 18 months after Jane's Addiction officially dissolved, and was released to VHS by Warner Brothers on August 24, 1993. A laserdisc version was released in Japan, which features Japanese subtitles and obligatory censorship of visible genitalia. The film has achieved cult status among Jane's Addiction fans.

## Music

The following Jane's Addiction songs are featured in the soundtrack:
* "Ain't No Right"
* "Classic Girl"
* "Of Course"
* "Stop"
* "Three Days"
Rapper Ice-T, Body Count, and Jane's Addiction performed Sly and the Family Stone's "Don't Call Me Nigger, Whitey" in the film.
# Tajmâat

The tajmâat, in Tamazight: ⵜⴰⵊⵎⴰⵄⵜ tajmaεt or ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡ, agraw, is a pan-Berber social and political institution and present in North African society, particularly in the Berber-speaking regions: Kabylia, Aurès, M'zab, Hoggar, Sous, Rif and Middle Atlas. Tajmâat is an assembly composed solely of men and the term is also used to designate the place where it is held. The tajmaat is the ruling authority of a village, often the only one, which has judicial powers, that of drafting qanun or izref (customary rules), and executive with a role of police or collection of fines. The amount of the fines is allocated to collective expenses (village maintenance work, hospitality costs, autumn sacrifice, etc.).
The village chief, amghar or ameqran, is elected by tajmâat, an amin who executes the decisions, and an oukil (amazzal in Morocco) responsible for collecting fines and managing the mosque in Kabylia, the imam who is often a marabout who serves as secretary of tajmâat, makes the calls to prayer and sometimes serves as a teacher.
In Tuareg, tajmaat is called ameni or ameney, the root "mny" which means "to see each other, to meet", designates in Tuareg "the interview, the meeting" in the general sense as well as the "meeting" or the "session" of a political assembly.
In 2024, Algerian President Abdelmadjid Tebboune hailed the "social organization tajmâat" (“ⵜⴰⵏⵎⴻⵜⵜⵉⵜ ⵏ “ⵜⴰⵊⵎⴰⵄⵜ””) as an example of participatory democracy and a successful model for managing local affairs.