OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sibongiseni Ngcobo

Sibongiseni Ngcobo (born 30 May 1995) is a South African politician who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) in the National Assembly from May 2019 until May 2024. A member of the Democratic Alliance, he was the youngest Member of the National Assembly at the time of his election to Parliament. Ngcobo served as a DA councillor in the Richmond Local Municipality from 2016 to 2019.

## Early life and education

Ngcobo was born in 1995 in Bulwer, KwaZulu-Natal. His parents were farmworkers. He holds a bachelor of arts degree in politics, philosophy and economics from the University of KwaZulu-Natal. Ngcobo is currently enrolled for an LLB at the university.

## Politics

Ngcobo took an interest in politics while he was in grade six. While a student at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, he established the university's Democratic Alliance student organisation (DASO) branch. The university's student representative council initially dismissed his application for them to recognise the DASO branch, but he appealed to the university's Recognition Appeals Committee, and they recognised the branch, which led to it becoming a recognised organisation on the university's campus. Ngcobo was later elected to the university's SRC as a DASO representative.
In August 2016, he was elected as one of two DA councillors in the Richmond Local Municipality.

## Parliamentary career

For the 2019 general elections, he was placed ninth on the DA's list of KwaZulu-Natal candidates for the National Assembly. He was ranked low on the DA's list of candidates for the KwaZulu-Natal Legislature. After the election, Ngcobo was nominated to the National Assembly. Ngcobo was sworn in as an MP on 22 May 2019. At the time, he was youngest member of the National Assembly and the second-youngest MP of both houses. The youngest MP of both houses is Itumeleng Ntsube of the ruling African National Congress, who serves in the National Council of Provinces, the upper house.
In June 2019, Ngcobo was appointed an alternate member of the Portfolio Committee on Women, Youth and People with Disabilities.
Ngcobo became an additional member of the Higher Education, Science and Innovation on 21 April 2023. He was ranked too low on the DA's list to secure reelection in 2024.
# Death Valley pupfish

The Death Valley pupfish (Cyprinodon salinus), also known as Salt Creek pupfish, is a small species of fish in the family Cyprinodontidae found only in Death Valley National Park, California, United States. There are two recognized subspecies: C. s. salinus and C. s. milleri. The Death Valley pupfish is endemic to two small, isolated locations and currently classified as endangered.

## Description

The Death Valley Pupfish is a small, silvery colored fish with 6–9 vertical dark bands on its sides. It has an average length of 3.7 cm (1.5 in), with a recorded maximum of 7.8 cm (3.1 in).
The males, often appearing in larger sizes compared to females, turn bright blue during mating season, April through October. The females, along with premature pupfish, tend to have tanned backs with iridescent, silvery sides. Both males and females have plump bodies with rounded fins, a squashed head and an upturned mouth. The pupfish can withstand harsh conditions that would kill other fish: water that is 4 times more saline than the ocean, hot water up to 116 °F (47 °C), and cold water down to 32 °F (0 °C).

## Distribution and habitat

This species is known from only two locations in Death Valley: Salt Creek (subspecies salinus) at about 49 m (161 ft) below sea level, and Cottonball Marsh (subspecies milleri), at about 80 m (260 ft) below sea level. They are thought to be the remainders of a large ecosystem of fish species that lived in Lake Manly, which dried up at the end of the last ice age leaving the present-day Death Valley.
The Salt Creek subspecies is also found at River Springs and Soda Lake, in Death Valley National Park.

## Conservation

The Death Valley pupfish has been classified as endangered by the IUCN because of its extremely restricted distribution (if the two extant locations were treated as a single unit, it would be considered critically endangered). Numbers of individuals at the locations are highly seasonally variable, and fluctuate with water level and flow volume. While the entire range of the species is located in a protected area, it may be under threat from accidental introduction of non-native species, local catastrophic events, and excessive pumping of the aquifer that feeds the habitat.
# George Linius Streeter

George Linius Streeter PAAA NAS APS HFRSE (1873–1948) was a 20th-century American anatomist and world leading embryologist. He was Director of the Carnegie Institution of Washington from 1917 to 1940.
He gives his name to Streeter's Developmental Horizon and Streeter's Dysplasia.

## Life

Streeter was born on 12 January 1873 at Johnstown, New York to George Austin Streeter, a glove manufacturer, and his wife, Hannah Green Anthony. He completed a general degree at Union College, New York in 1895, then studied Medicine under Prof George Huntington at Columbia University gaining his doctorate (MD) in 1899.
He served his internship at Roosevelt Hospital, New York City then began teaching Anatomy at Albany Medical College alongside neurologist Henry Hun. He then spent the year 1902/3 in Germany studying in Frankfurt under Ludwig Edinger and in Leipzig under Wilhelm His. Following his period with His he began to focus on embryology and the development of the human nervous system in the womb.
In 1904 he joined Johns Hopkins Medical School in Baltimore under Prof Franklin P. Mall. In 1906 he went to the Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology in Philadelphia for one academic year, then to the University of Michigan in his first professorship, as Professor of Gross Anatomy.
In 1914 he returned to Baltimore as a Research Professor with Prof Mall. When Mall died in 1917, he succeeded him in his role as Director of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, remaining there for 23 years.
In 1936 he was elected an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
He died of a heart attack at Gloversville, New York on 27 July 1948.

## Publications

* The Cortex of the Brain in the Human Embryo (1907)
* The Development of the Scala Tympani (1917)
* Development of the Auricle in the Human Embryo (1922)
* Focal Deficiencies in Foetal Tissues (1930)
* Development of the Macaque Embryo (1941)

## Family

In 1910 he married Julia Allen Smith of Ann Arbor in Michigan. They had one son and two daughters.
# Crowsnest Mountain

Crowsnest Mountain is a mountain in the southern Canadian Rockies of southwestern Alberta, Canada. It can be seen from Alberta Highway 3 west of the town of Coleman in the Crowsnest Pass. The mountain was originally named by the Ktunaxa First Nations due to ravens nesting in the area. The scrambling route on the north side was first ascended in 1915.

## Geology

The grey rocks exposed in the cliffs on the upper part of Crowsnest Mountain are limestones and shales of Late Devonian to Early Mississippian age (the Palliser at the base, overlain by the Exshaw and Banff, with the Livingstone Formation at the summit). They were moved up from the west along the Lewis thrust fault and emplaced over younger rocks (the Late Cretaceous Belly River Formation) that underlie the wooded lower slopes of the mountain. During that movement they were formed into a broad syncline by fault-bend folding.
The Devonian to Mississippian rocks are part of the Lewis thrust sheet which was originally continuous from the High Rock Range immediately to the west. The thrust sheet has since been cut through by erosion along Allison Creek, however, leaving Crowsnest Mountain and its northerly neighbour, Seven Sisters Mountain, standing together as an isolated klippe.
# Mount Davidson (Alberta)

Mount Davidson is a 2,919-metre (9,577-foot) mountain summit located to the north of the head of Waiparous Creek, Municipal District of Bighorn No. 8, southwestern Alberta, Canada. Visible from Calgary, it is situated 18 km (11 mi) north of Lake Minnewanka. The first ascent of the mountain was made in October 1988 by Frank Campbell and Karl Nagy.
Mount Davidson is named after James Wheeler Davidson (1872 – 1933).
# 2023 European Athletics Indoor Championships – Women's shot put

The women's shot put event at the 2023 European Athletics Indoor Championships was held on 2 March at 20:40 (qualification) and on 3 March at 20:53 (final) local time.

## Records

Standing records prior to the 2023 European Athletics Indoor Championships :
| World record | Helena Fibingerová (CZE) | 22.50 | Jablonec nad Nisou, Czechoslovakia | 19 February 1977 |
| European record | Helena Fibingerová (CZE) | 22.50 | Jablonec nad Nisou, Czechoslovakia | 19 February 1977 |
| Championship record | Helena Fibingerová (CZE) | 22.50 | Jablonec nad Nisou, Czechoslovakia | 19 February 1977 |
| World Leading | Chase Ealey (USA) | 20.03 | New York City, United States | 11 February 2023 |
| European Leading | Jorinde van Klinken (NED) | 19.57 | Albuquerque, United States | 11 February 2023 |

## Results
### Qualification

Qualification: Qualifying performance 18.50 (Q) or at least 8 best performers (q) advance to the Final.
| Rank | Athlete | Nationality | #1 | #2 | #3 | Result | Note |
| 1 | Jessica Schilder | Netherlands | 19.18 | | | 19.18 | Q |
| 2 | Auriol Dongmo | Portugal | 18.51 | | | 18.51 | Q |
| 3 | Fanny Roos | Sweden | 18.35 | x | x | 18.35 | q |
| 4 | Sara Gambetta | Germany | 17.89 | 18.26 | 18.33 | 18.33 | q |
| 5 | Julia Ritter | Germany | 17.81 | 18.05 | 17.77 | 18.05 | SB, q |
| 6 | Anita Márton | Hungary | 16.99 | 17.99 | 17.50 | 17.99 | q |
| 7 | Jessica Inchude | Portugal | 17.92 | x | x | 17.92 | q |
| 8 | Dimitriana Bezede | Moldova | 16.52 | 17.00 | 17.90 | 17.90 | SB, q |
| 9 | Sara Lennman | Sweden | 17.82 | 17.62 | 17.79 | 17.82 | |
| 10 | Katharina Maisch | Germany | 17.44 | x | x | 17.44 | |
| 11 | Benthe König | Netherlands | 16.77 | 18.60 | 17.23 | 17.23 | |
| 12 | Eliana Bandeira | Portugal | x | x | 17.23 | 17.23 | |
| 13 | María Belén Toimil | Spain | 16.26 | 16.88 | x | 16.88 | |
| 14 | Eveliina Rouvali | Finland | 15.64 | 16.24 | 16.26 | 16.26 | |
| 15 | Jolien Boumkwo | Belgium | 15.82 | 16.18 | 15.66 | 16.18 | |
| 16 | Sopo Shatirishvili | Georgia | 14.69 | 14.55 | 15.08 | 15.08 | SB |

### Final

| Rank | Athlete | Nationality | #1 | #2 | #3 | #4 | #5 | #6 | Result | Note |
| | Auriol Dongmo | Portugal | 19.63 | 18.68 | 19.76 | x | 19.38 | 19.62 | 19.76 | EL |
| | Sara Gambetta | Germany | 18.26 | x | 18.20 | 18.16 | 18.83 | 18.31 | 18.83 | SB |
| | Fanny Roos | Sweden | 17.50 | x | 17.71 | 17.71 | x | 18.42 | 18.42 | |
| 4 | Jessica Inchude | Portugal | x | 18.12 | 18.06 | 18.33 | x | 18.29 | 18.33 | |
| 5 | Jessica Schilder | Netherlands | 18.10 | 18.29 | x | 18.21 | x | x | 18.29 | |
| 6 | Anita Márton | Hungary | 16.64 | 17.82 | 18.28 | 17.68 | 17.88 | x | 18.28 | SB |
| 7 | Dimitriana Bezede | Moldova | 17.98 | x | x | x | x | x | 17.98 | SB |
| 8 | Julia Ritter | Germany | 17.41 | 17.89 | x | x | x | x | 17.89 | |
# Ina Koch

Ina Koch (born 1958) is a German bioinformatics researcher who holds the Chair of Molecular Bioinformatics at Goethe University Frankfurt, in the faculty of mathematics and computer science. She has published research on the use of maximum common subgraphs and Petri nets to model problems in biology, and on the prediction of deleterious alleles.

## Education and career

Koch was born in 1958 in East Berlin, and studied quantum chemistry at Leipzig University, working there with Cornelius Weiss [de]. She became a researcher in the Institute for Cybernetics and Information Processing of the German Academy of Sciences at Berlin, and after the German reunification in 1990, became a researcher for the GMD-Forschungszentrum Informationstechnik [de] from 1992 to 1996, and completed a doctorate in theoretical computer science.
After postdoctoral research with Jens Reich at the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, and with Martin Vingron at the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, she took a professorship in 2002 at the Berlin University of Applied Sciences and Technology. She moved in 2005 to the University of Jena, and again in 2010 to her present position in Frankfurt.
# Devils Head (Canada)

Devils Head is a summit in Alberta, Canada.
Devils Head's name is an accurate preservation of its Cree name, we-ti-kwos-ti-kwan.
# Eagle Mountain (Alberta)

Eagle Mountain is a 2,836-metre (9,304-foot) mountain summit located immediately northeast of the Banff Sunshine ski resort in Banff National Park of Alberta, Canada. The mountain's toponym was officially adopted in 1958 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. The nearest higher neighbor is Mount Howard Douglas, 1.51 km (0.94 mi) to the south-southeast.
An interesting feature of Eagle Mountain is a natural window officially named Goat's Eye located on the northeast ridge which leads many to call it Goat's Eye Mountain. It was first noted by George Simpson who wrote of it: "a very peculiar feature in an opening of about eighty feet by fifty, which, as we advanced nearer, assumed the appearance of the gateway of a giant's fortress."

## Geology

Like other mountains in Banff Park, Eagle Mountain is composed of sedimentary rock laid down from the Precambrian to Jurassic periods. Formed in shallow seas, this sedimentary rock was pushed east and over the top of younger rock during the Laramide orogeny.

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Eagle Mountain is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Winter temperatures can drop below -20 °C with wind chill factors below -30 °C. Precipitation runoff from Eagle Mountain drains into tributaries of the Bow River.

## Gallery

* Eagle Mountain (left) and Mount Howard Douglas
* Eagle Mountain from the west
* Eagle Mountain (center) and Mount Howard Douglas (right)
# Shatananda

Shatananda (Sanskrit: शतानंद) was a Vedic sage and the chief priest at the court of the King Janaka in ancient Mithila. In the Valmiki Ramayana he is mentioned as the eldest son of the sage Maharshi Gautama and Devi Ahalya.

## Etymology

Shatananda is a compound Sanskrit word having two terms Shata and Ananda. The meaning of the first term Shata is hundred and good. And the meaning of the second term Ananda is who delights. Thus the compound meaning of the word Shatananda is to give somebody hundred times good and great pleasure.

## Early life

According to Ramayana, Shatananda was born in the region of ancient Mithila Kingdom. His father was Maharshi Gautama and mother was Ahalya. He was the eldest son of the couple Maharshi Gautama and Ahalya.

## Description

In Ramayana, Shatananda was a member of the court of King Janaka. He is mentioned as the Kulguru of the King Janaka. He was the chief priest and religious advisor at the court of King Janaka. He taught King Janaka about religious practices and philosophies. Once when there was a big famine in Mithila Kingdom, then it was Guru Shatananda who suggested King Janaka that the problem could be solved if he ploughed the field himself. He was also appointed by the King Janaka as a teacher of the princess Sita. It is said that he was radiant due to the practice of Yoga.
During Sita Swayamvara ceremony, sage Shatananda and King Janaka welcomed and gave due respect to Guru Vishwamitra along with his disciples princes Rama and Lakshmana. Shatananda was very happy to know that Lord Rama had restored his mother Ahalya's old purity. After knowing that the prince Rama had freed his mother Ahalya from the curse given by his father Maharshi Gautama, then sage Shatananda thanked a lot to Lord Rama. He also narrated the story of greatness of the Guru Vishwamitra to Lord Rama and Lakshmana. Shatananda played the role of high-priest in the marriage of Lord Rama and Goddess Sita. He suggested the auspicious date of formal marriage between the prince Rama and the princess Sita to the King Janaka and Dasharatha after the completion of Sita Swayamvara ceremony.
# Mike Armstrong (politician)

Michael Dean Armstrong (born May 24, 1957) is an American politician of the Republican Party. He was a member of the Washington House of Representatives, representing the 12th Legislative District from 2001 to 2013.
# Virgilia (plant)

Virgilia is a genus of Southern African trees in the family Fabaceae that is known for its very fast growth (4.5 m in 2 years) and a tendency to fall over as it matures (15 years or so). The common name in South Africa (in Afrikaans) is keurboom, meaning 'choice tree'. Valued as useful ornamental trees by gardeners, the genus's two species are also known as tree-in-a-hurry, Cape lilac, blossom tree and pink blossom tree.

## Taxonomy

The genus was described by Jean Louis Marie Poiret and published in Encyclopédie Méthodique in 1808. Most botanists feel that the two species are simply forms and should be lumped under one species, Virgilia oroboides. That would mean that the current V. divaricata is simply a darker form limited to the forested region of Knysna, South Africa. Virgilia oroboides had a number of synonyms, while both V. oroboides and V. divaricata had both been named V. capensis by different authors.

### Species

Below is a list of offers species of the genus Virgilia accepted as of July 2014, sorted alphabetically. For each one, the binomial name followed by the author is indicated, abbreviated according to the conventions and uses.
* Virgilia divaricata Adamson
* Virgilia oroboides (P.J.Bergius) T.M.Salter

## Description

These are small to medium sized trees, up to 15 to 20 meters tall, filling space easily in the garden. The tree has shiny green, fern-like, pinnate foliage and displays attractive pea-like, mauve/pink, fragrant flowers (which smell like bubblegum) during warmer months that will be followed by dark, leathery seed pods.

## Cultivation

Growing in full sun to partially shade, they prefer well drained soils; some will then grow 2m in the first season. They will tolerate wind and have dense foliage growing close to the ground, so they are useful as pioneer species for privacy and wind protection, despite having a comparatively short life (15 years). Popular in the UK since the 18th century or so, they are also now commonly present in the USA and Australia.

## Gallery

* A mature tree blooming in South Africa
* Close up of flowers in Cape Town
* Leaf shape
* A flowering tree in Perth
# Mount Ernest Ross

Mount Ernest Ross is a 2,454-metre (8,051-foot) double summit mountain located in the North Saskatchewan River valley of the Canadian Rockies of Alberta, Canada. Mount Ernest Ross can be seen from the David Thompson Highway at the southern end of Abraham Lake. Precipitation runoff from the peak drains east into the lake. Mount William Booth is across the lake to the east, and Kootenay Plains and Ex Coelis Mountain are situated to the southeast. Its nearest higher peak is Elliott Peak, 3 km (1.9 mi) to the immediate north.

## History

This mountain is named after Ernest Ross, who in 1940 was the first to drive a motorized vehicle from Rocky Mountain House to Saskatchewan Crossing, many years before a road was built. He was instrumental in promoting the construction of what has become the David Thompson Highway, and when it was completed in 1969, was honored for his efforts. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1980 when approved by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.

## Geology

Mount Ernest Ross is composed of sedimentary rock laid down from the Precambrian to Jurassic periods that was pushed east and over the top of younger rock during the Laramide orogeny.

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Ernest Ross is located in a subarctic climate with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below -20 °C with wind chill factors below -30 °C.

## Gallery

* Mount Ernest Ross seen from the south
# Juan Montiel

Juan Carlos Montiel (born November 12, 1965, in Montevideo) is a retired male boxer from Uruguay. He competed for his native country at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea, and won a bronze medal at the 1987 Pan American Games during his career as an amateur. Nicknamed "Tito" he made his professional debut on October 15, 1993, defeating Luiz Augusto Ferreira.
# Holy Cross High School, Hamilton

55°47′08″N 4°03′19″W﻿ / ﻿55.7855°N 4.0553°W﻿ / 55.7855; -4.0553 Holy Cross High School is a Catholic High School in Hamilton, South Lanarkshire, in Scotland.

## History

The original site on Muir Street started out as St Mary's Primary in the 1930s and became Holy Cross High School in the 1950s using the original St Mary's building and some prefabricated wooden buildings. External buildings were used for Art teaching. The main stone built building housed the Rector's office and the main staff rooms along with Classics, English, Maths and Physical Education departments.
Early in the 1970s, the wooden structures were torn down to make room for the prefabricated structures made of concrete and steel, which made up the majority of the site and were constructed between 1970 and 1971. The original 1930s building remained until 2010 when the Muir Street site was completely demolished after Trinity High, normally based in Rutherglen, had finished their temporary occupation while their new school was being built.
In 2007 Holy Cross High School relocated to a new building in New Park Street as part of South Lanarkshire Council's ongoing school modernisation programme. As of 2020, it has a roll of almost 1200 pupils.
As of 2023 the head teacher is Carla Fagan.

## Motto and badge

The school's motto is "Spes Unica" ("Our only hope") referring to the depiction of the cross on the school badge.

## Notable former pupils

* Matthew Clarke (b. 1947) - Judge, Lord Clarke
* Geraldine O'Neill (b. 1955) - novelist
* Gregory Clark (b. 1957) - Professor of Economics University of California Davis
* Willie McStay (b. 1961) - footballer, Celtic F.C.
* Leo Cushley (b. 1961) - Archbishop of St. Andrews and Edinburgh
* Paul McStay (b. 1964) - footballer, Celtic F.C.
* Martin Boyce (b. 1967) - Turner Prize winning artist
* Alan McManus (b. 1971) - Snooker player
* Phil O'Donnell (1972-2007) - footballer, Motherwell F.C., Celtic F.C.
* John McCusker (b. 1973) - Musician, producer
* Paul Hartley (b. 1976) - football manager and former player, Cove Rangers F.C.
* Michael Hart (b. 1980) - Preston North End player
* Stephen McManus (b. 1982) - footballer, Motherwell F.C.
* Donnie Burns - Dancer 14-time World Professional Latin champion