OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Valdoule

Valdoule (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the department of Hautes-Alpes, southeastern France. The municipality was established on 1 July 2017 by merger of the former communes of Bruis (the seat), Montmorin and Sainte-Marie.

## Geographical Location

Situated in the Baronnies region, Valdoule lies west of Gap and north of Serres. The commune shares a border with the Drôme department and the commune of La Charce.

## Historical Context

The creation of Valdoule aimed to streamline local administration and enhance communal services by uniting Bruis, Montmorin, and Sainte-Marie into a single entity.

## Demographics

As of 2017, Valdoule had a population of 214 residents, resulting in a low population density of approximately 3.64 inhabitants per square kilometer.

## Natural Features

The commune is traversed by the Oule River, a 32.7 km watercourse originating in Montmorin and flowing into the Eygues River at Rémuzat.

## Climate

Valdoule experiences a Mediterranean-influenced climate, characterized by mild, wet winters and warm, dry summers. The region's elevation contributes to temperature variations and occasional snowfall during winter months.

## Tourism and Heritage

Valdoule offers several points of interest:
* Montmorin Village: This perched village features recently renovated "pas d’âne" stepped pathways, leading visitors through its charming streets. Sisteron Buech
* Bruis Tower: A medieval dungeon situated on a narrow plateau covered with broom, accessible via a hiking trail. Sisteron Buech
* Sainte-Marie's Seigneurial Residence: A notable manor house with a distinctive tower, reflecting the area's historical architecture. Sisteron Buech
The commune is also known for its natural beauty, including walnut groves and the scenic Gorges des Archettes
# Ocean Roar

Ocean Roar is the sixth studio album by Mount Eerie, released on August 29, 2012. It is the second of two albums released by Mount Eerie in 2012.

## Recording and release

Ocean Roar is the second of two albums released by Mount Eerie in 2012. Phil Elvrum described Ocean Roar as a "counterpoint to the soft synth walls and landscape pondering of Clear Moon, presenting the opposite of that album’s clear glints of awareness: a total wall of blue-grey oceanic fog, a half remembered dream of a trip through dense old growth hills to the gnarly winter ocean, in the middle of the night, decades ago."

## Clear Moon / Ocean Roar (Condensed Versions)

On October 17, 2012, Phil released a 7-inch single entitled "Clear Moon / Ocean Roar (Condensed Versions)". Side B consists of all the songs on Ocean Roar played at once

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AnyDecentMusic? | 7.8/10 |
| Metacritic | 85/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| No Ripcord | 9/10 |
| Pitchfork | 8.1/10 |
| Tiny Mix Tapes | |
Ocean Roar received mostly positive reviews. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 85 based on 11 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim". Aggregator AnyDecentMusic? gave Ocean Roar 7.8 out of 10, based on their assessment of the critical consensus.
The album was listed 38th on Stereogum's list of the top 50 albums of 2012.

## Track listing

"Engel Der Luft" is a cover of a Popol Vuh song from their soundtrack Fitzcarraldo.

## Legacy

American musician Andy Stack cites opening track "Pale Lights" as a influence, describing it as genius.
# Alex Ciompi

Alessandro "Alex" Ciompi (born 16 June 1985 in Massa Marittima) is an Italian racing driver. He has competed in such series as Euroseries 3000, Formula Renault 3.5 Series and the Italian Formula Three Championship.

## Racing record
### Complete Formula Renault 3.5 Series results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
| Year | Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | Pos | Points |
| 2007 | Eurointernational | MNZ 1 14 | MNZ 2 Ret | NÜR 1 Ret | NÜR 2 21 | MON 1 Ret | HUN 1 Ret | HUN 2 DNS | SPA 1 15 | SPA 2 18 | DON 1 18 | DON 2 19 | MAG 1 Ret | MAG 2 16 | EST 1 | EST 2 | CAT 1 | CAT 2 | 34th | 0 |
# Jaromír Zeman

Jaromír Zeman (born 12 August 1886, date of death unknown) was a Czech tennis player. He competed for Bohemia in two events at the 1912 Summer Olympics.
# Sewadjkare Hori

Sewadjkare Hori (also known as Hori II) was a pharaoh of the late 13th Dynasty, possibly the thirty-sixth king of this dynasty. He reigned over Middle and Upper Egypt for five years, either during the early or mid-17th century, from 1669 until 1664 BC or from 1648 until 1643 BC.

## Attestation

Sewadjkare Hori is only known for certain from the Turin canon, row 8, column 7 (Gardiner, von Beckerath: row 7, column 7). The Turin canon provides the prenomen Sewadjkare and the nomen Hori for this king.
Jürgen von Beckerath assigns to him a stone fragment from El-Tod inscribed with the prenomen "Sewadj[...]re". However, since there are two other rulers from the Second Intermediate Period bearing the same prenomen, this identification remains conjectural.

## Identity

Sewadjkare Hori should not be confused with Sewadjkare, a pharaoh of the early 13th Dynasty, and with another Sewadjkare III from the mid 14th Dynasty. Both of these pharaohs enjoyed shorter reigns than Sewadjkare Hori.
# Ole Nikolai Ingebrigtsen Strømme

Ole Nikolai Ingebrigtsen Strømme (23 February 1876 – 17 February 1936) was the Norwegian Minister of Social Affairs in 1933.
# Avishag Zahavi

Avishag Kadman-Zahavi (Hebrew: אבישג זהבי; 1922 − 31 October 2021) was an Israeli professor emeritus of Plant Physiology at The Volcani Center for Agricultural Research, Beit Dagan, Israel. She is best known for her close collaboration with her husband Amotz Zahavi, who developed together with her the so-called Handicap principle, a sociobiological approach to the theory of natural selection.
She was born in Haifa in 1922. A lifelong naturalist, Avishag Kadman met Amotz Zahavi at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem during their studies in the field of biology and married him in 1954. Since then, besides following her own field of research, she has collaborated with Amotz in the study of the babblers and in the development of his ideas, often serving as the "devil's advocate". Her research interests are basic and applied aspects of the effects of light on plant development (photoperiodism, phytochrome, photomorphogenesis).
After her retirement, Kadman-Zahavi continued her research at the Yair center for agricultural research at Hatzeva. She died on 31 October 2021.
Avishag and Amotz Zahavi had two daughters and two grandchildren.

## Sources

* The biographical details were learned from the German edition of: Amotz Zahavi & Avishag Zahavi: The Handicap Principle: A Missing Piece of Darwin's Puzzle. Oxford University Press, 1997, ISBN 978-0-19-510035-8; additional source: Naama Zahavi-Ely, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
# Radio Music Awards

The Radio Music Awards is an annual U.S. award that honors the year's most successful songs. Originally a televised show recognizing mainstream radio, nominations were based on the amount of airplay recording artists received on radio stations in various formats using chart information compiled by Mediabase. The awards have now expanded to honor both major label and independent recording artists. Works are committee-reviewed based on the artistic and technical merits of the recordings and products submitted. The Radio Music Awards can be found online at www.radiomusicawards.com.
Originally conceived as an award show vehicle for The WB in 1999, it was moved to ABC in 2000 and finally to NBC, which promoted it as the music industry's answer to the Golden Globes.
In past years, the show included many of the top names in music including NSYNC, Shakira, Backstreet Boys, Green Day, Janet Jackson, Mariah Carey, Train, Elton John, Destiny's Child, Tim McGraw, Kelly Clarkson, Lenny Kravitz, Nelly, Gavin DeGraw, Britney Spears, Avril Lavigne, Lifehouse, and Christina Aguilera, among others.

## Dates, venues, and networks

* October 28, 1999: Mandalay Bay Resort & Casino, Las Vegas, Nevada: (The WB)
* November 4, 2000: Aladdin Casino & Resort, Las Vegas, Nevada: (ABC)
* October 26, 2001: Aladdin Casino & Resort, Las Vegas, Nevada: (ABC)
* October 27, 2003: Aladdin Casino & Resort, Las Vegas, Nevada: (NBC)
* October 25, 2004: Aladdin Casino & Resort, Las Vegas, Nevada: (NBC)
* December 19, 2005: Aladdin Casino & Resort, Las Vegas, Nevada: (NBC)
# Jiří Kodl

Jiří Kodl (3 April 1889 – 29 October 1955) was a Czech tennis player. He competed for Bohemia in the men's outdoor singles event at the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was the flag bearer for Bohemia at the 1912 Games.
# Antoniinae

Antoniinae is a subfamily of bee flies in the family Bombyliidae. There are at least 4 genera and 20 described species in Antoniinae.

## Genera

These four genera belong to the subfamily Antoniinae:
* Antonia Loew, 1856$^{cg}$
* Antoniaustralia Becker, 1912$^{cg}$
* Cyx Evenhuis, 1993$^{cg}$
* Myonema Roberts, 1929$^{cg}$
Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net
# Liberty (ship)

Several ships have been named or referred to as Liberty or as a Liberty ship:
* Liberty ship, a class of US cargo ships mass-produced during World War II
** List of Liberty ships, particular ships of that type
* HMS Liberty, various ships of the British Royal Navy
* USS Liberty (1775), an American Revolutionary War ship
* Liberty (1784 ship), a merchant vessel launched at Broadstairs and burnt by the French navy at Montserrat in 1805.
* Liberty (1787 ship) was of British origin, built in 1775, that first appeared as Liberty in 1787. She made six complete whale hunting voyages in the British Southern Whale Fishery before being lost in 1798 on her seventh voyage.
* Liberty (sternwheeler), a sternwheel steamboat (built in 1903), in Oregon, United States
* SY Liberty, a large steam yacht built in 1903 for Joseph Pulitzer and later serving as a British hospital ship in World War I, as HMHS Liberty
* USS Liberty III (SP-1229), a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1919
* USAT Liberty, a United States Army cargo ship in commission from 1918 to 1942
* USS Liberty (ID-3461), was a transport ship launched in June 1918 and decommissioned in May 1919, and as USAT Liberty, a United States Army transport ship sunk in 1942
* USS Liberty (AGTR-5), a US Navy electronic intelligence ship strafed and bombed by the Israeli airforce resulting in more than 34 dead and 171 wounded and its decommissioning as beyond repair.
** The USS Liberty incident, in which Israel attacked the USS Liberty during the Six-Day War
* Liberty (yacht), a 12-metre class yacht that unsuccessfully defended the America's Cup in 1983
* Carnival Liberty, a Conquest class cruise ship operated by Carnival Cruise Line
* Liberty (Sausalito fireboat), see Sausalito, California
# Elitzur Giv'at Shmuel

Elitzur Giv'at Shmuel (Hebrew: אליצור גבעת שמואל) is a basketball club, originally from Giv'at Shmuel in Israel. The club plays in the Liga Artzit, the third division of Israeli basketball. It played in the Israeli Basketball Premier League as recently as the 2008–2009 season.
The home hall of the club was the Leader Arena (1,400 seats) in Ganei Tikva.

## Notable players

- Set a club record or won an individual award as a professional player. - Played at least one official international match for his senior national team at any time.
* Dror Cohen
* Shimon Amsalem
* David Bernsley (born 1969), American-Israeli basketball player
* Paul Delaney (born 1986)
# Liverpool, New York & Philadelphia Steamship Co. v. Commissioners of Emigration

Liverpool, New York & Philadelphia S. S. Co. v. Commissioners of Emigration, 113 U.S. 33 (1885), was a case decided by the United States Supreme Court, in which the Supreme Court held that courts should not prematurely determine a statute applies or does not apply to a given case based solely on pleadings and the text of the statue without considering the evidence. The Court further held that in cases where it is unclear whether an act applies, courts should not preemptively rule on the act's constitutionality, an early statement of ripeness doctrine.

## Background

The plaintiff, Liverpool, New York & Philadelphia Steamship Company, had paid over 1,093,000 dollars to the Commissioners of Emigration of the State of New York. These payments, termed 'commutation moneys,' were fees collected per passenger under New York state laws concerning immigration. Believing these payments to be illegal under federal law, Liverpool, New York & Philadelphia Steamship Company sued the Commissioners of Emigration of the State of New York to demand repayment of the 'commutation moneys.'
The state of New York moved to dismiss the case based on a recently passed Act of Congress, which they argued legalized the collection of taxes on immigrants entering a state. The trial court agreed with the defendant and directed a verdict in favor of the state of New York without considering any other evidence. The plaintiff then appealed to the Supreme Court.

## Decision

In a unanimous decision, the Supreme Court reversed the judgment and remanded the case for a new trial. The Court held that the trial court had erred by refusing to hear evidence and directing a verdict based solely on the pleadings and the Act of Congress, and ordered a new trial.

## Impact

The decision is significant for its early statement of ripeness doctrine, which was developed further in Ashwander v. Tennessee Valley Authority. This standard holds that courts should not decide constitutional issues prematurely and should exhaust all other avenues beforehand.
# Phalaenopsis marriottiana

Phalaenopsis marriottiana is a species of orchid native to Southeast China and Myanmar. The specific epithet marriottiana honours William Henry Smith-Marriott (1835–1924), who had a considerable orchid collection at Down House, Blandford, Dorsetshire in England.

## Description

These small, cool-growing epiphytes have fleshy, distichously arranged leaves. Flowering occurs in Winter and Spring from axillary racemes, which bear 2–6 fragrant flowers.

## Ecology

This species is found on limestone cliffs in deciduous, montane forests and foothills at elevations around 1300 meters above sea level.

## Taxonomy
### Taxonomic history

This species was assigned to several different genera throughout its taxonomic history and was formerly believed to be a variant of Phalaenopsis hygrochila. It was later proven by genetic evidence, that the variations parishii and marriottiana of the former broadly defined Phalaenopsis hygrochila (syn. Hygrochilus parishii) are two separate species.

### Differentiation from Phalaenopsis hygrochila

The petals and sepals of Phalaenopsis marriottiana are brownish to purple and lack darker spotting. The flowers may also be pink with yellow sepals and a purple-red, flabellate labellum, which was characteristic for Phalaenopsis pingxiangensis, which was reduced to synonymy with Phalaenopsis marriottiana due to genetic evidence. On the other hand Phalaenopsis hygrochila has yellow sepals and petals, which are heavily spotted with deep red-brown.

## Phylogeny

This species is the sister species of the remainder of Phalaenopsis subgen. Hygrochilus, as can be seen in the following cladogram:

## Conservation

International trade is regulated through the CITES appendix II regulations of international trade.
# Strange Roads

Strange Roads (Hungarian: Idegen utakon) is a 1944 Hungarian drama film directed by Imre Apáthi and starring Klári Tolnay, László Szilassy and Géza Abonyi. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director István Básthy.

## Cast

* Klári Tolnay as Máté Judit
* László Szilassy as Péter
* Géza Abonyi as Bálint professzor
* Béla Mihályffi as Géza,Mimi férje
* Mária Sulyok as Mimi
* Tusi Buday as Nõvér
* Ágnes Almássy as Nõvér
* Rózsi Bordás as Növér
* Zoltán Losonczy as Postás
* Béla Fáy as Márton, a szanatórium vezetõ orvosa
* Mariska Halassy as Judit anyja
* Elemér Bánky
* Róbert Bánky
* Márta Fónay
* Mici Haraszti
* Hanna Landy
* István Lontay
# Aboso Glass Factory

Aboso Glass Factory is a glass company located in Aboso, a town near Tarkwa, which is the capital of Wassa West District, in the Western Region of Ghana.

## Controversy

The situation surrounding the Aboso Glass Factory highlights ongoing tensions regarding resource management and community involvement. The opposition by the youth to Linkin Birds Company accessing scraps from the factory suggests concerns about transparency, equitable benefits for locals, or potential environmental impacts.
Such disputes are common when decisions about local resources are made without sufficient community engagement, particularly when those resources hold economic or historical significance. GIHOC Distilleries Company, as a key stakeholder, might need to work closely with the community to address these concerns and ensure that any agreements are fair and mutually beneficial.
In a phone interview, Maxwell Kofi Jumah, Managing Director of GIHOC Distilleries Company, explained that the directive originated from a new investor and assured that only the scraps would be removed, with nothing else taken out.
The community, however, disputes this claim, stating that scraps are still being taken away. They allege that roofing sheets from the building have also been removed, and transformers powering the factory have been dismantled.

## History

The Aboso Glass Factory set up by Kwame Nkrumah in 1966, was a major manufacturer and supplier of bottles for the beverage industry, among many other products. Most of the employees were residents from Aboso and other neighbouring communities. The company was renamed as Tropical Glass Factory when it was handed over to Gilchrist Olympio. However due to financial constraints, the company collapsed. In 2003, Aboso Glass Factory was placed on a divestiture listing, after ECG ceased power supply for their works. The government in 2017 has announced plans of restoring the company to its former glory with the help of some investors. In 2019, GIHOC Distilleries Company Limited declared a takeover of the Aboso Glass Factory. Aboso youth in the Prestea Huni Valley Municipality of the Western Region to hit the streets if there are no signs of revising glass factory.
# Sela Church

Sela Church (Norwegian: Sela fjellkirke) is a chapel of the Church of Norway in Steinkjer Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the village of Sela. It is an annex chapel for the Malm parish which is part of the Stiklestad prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1997. The church seats about 120 people.

## History

The first chapel in Sela was built in 1895. The chapel was built by Petter Estensen. The villagers financed the building and the teacher Anton Granhus made the drawings for the local builders. The church was 15 metres (49 ft) long, with a low spire. It was built to seat about 100 people. On 26 October 1895, a royal resolution granted permission to consecrate the small chapel that the local residents had built. It was consecrated on 15 July 1896 by Bishop Johannes Skaar. A plot of land by the church was also consecrated as a burial ground. The church officials decided that four services a year should be held at the chapel: two by the parish priest from Beitstad Church, one by the parish priest from Ytterøy Church, and one by the parish priest in Åfjord Church. The church was not well-made and so by the 1930s, the church was in poor condition. It was torn down in 1937.
The second chapel on this site was built in 1937 right after the previous building was torn down. The new building was consecrated on 21 September 1937 by Bishop Johan Nicolai Støren. The chapel was designed by Roar Tønseth. It was a log building with a turf roof and a cross on the roof. In 1955, after only 28 years in use, the building was condemned due to rot and fungal infestation. The building was demolished and burned. The local schoolhouse in Kruven was used to hold church services after that time, but there were no immediate plans to replace the building.
Finally, after many years without a chapel building, a new chapel was built in 1997. It was consecrated on 28 September 1997 by the Bishop Finn Wagle. This church was built near where the old Selahaugen church used to stand until the 1955.
# Salesian Preventive System

The Salesian Preventive System is the educational method of the Salesians, built upon the pedagogical experience of Saint John Bosco with poor children in 19th-century Turin. It is based on three pillars namely—reason, religion, and lovingkindness which is opposed to school punishment, or what Don Bosco refers to as the repressive system of education. Don Bosco is the principal historical representative of this method of formation of the young. He was preceded in its development by such luminaries as Philip Neri and Francis de Sales.
Don Bosco wrote only one essay explaining his pedagogical method, The Preventive System in the Education of the Young (1877). This was included in the first Salesian Constitutions.

## History

The beginnings of the Salesian Preventive System can be traced to the life and apostolate of Saint John Bosco (1815–1888). During the second half of the 19th century, Don Bosco began work among poor youth in Turin, especially the homeless and orphans. In addition, the Industrial Revolution had led to a smaller proportion of poor children who would not survive until adulthood. Consequently, more living children needed guidance and direction.
Don Bosco based his pedagogy upon two preventive aspects. The first is a timely awareness of the dangers to which youths may be exposed. By this, the educators can help the youth avoid such harmful experiences in time. The second aspect is the immediate rehabilitation of youths who have already been victims of such dangers before. This is the consequential onset of bad habits, the process including sanitation therapies, empowerment of energies, and the possibility of alternative work opportunities.
Carlo Nanni defined Don Bosco as a man of action rather than a scholar. And indeed, Don Bosco did not write extensively on the matter. As such, students of the Preventive System may wish to study the life and actions of Don Bosco.

## Administration

This system is used widely by instructors in Don Bosco Schools and Institutes. These include such schools as Don Bosco Bandel, Don Bosco School, Park Circus, Don Bosco School (Alaknanda, New Delhi), Salesian English School, Don Bosco High & Technical School, Liluah, St. John Bosco High School, and Salesian High School (Richmond).
# 2,100 Asanas

2,100 Asanas: The Complete Yoga Positions is a 2015 non-fiction book written by Mr. Yoga, Daniel Lacerda.

## Contents

2,100 Asanas: The Complete Yoga Positions features 2,100 yoga poses, photographed in color by Lacerda. The models in the book are all yoga students of Lacerda.

## Reception

Yoga Journal reviewed the book. It reported Lacerda as saying that he had catalogued 8.4 million yoga poses mentioned in Hatha Yoga Pradipika, and that they had been revealed to him in a dream. He stated that 2,100 Asanas was the first edition, and that he was working on a second edition, to be called 50,000 Asanas. The article noted that Dharma Mittra's 1984 chart of 908 Asanas had, until Lacerda's book, been the measure of all the yoga poses that existed.
The Washington Post calls it a "glossy, handsome coffee-table book", and so large as to be "either inspiring or totally daunting". It writes that the asanas range from "extremely simple" to "complicated and extreme" with lengthy names in English and Sanskrit.
2,100 Asanas appeared in the health and fitness bestseller lists of the Toronto Star, the American Booksellers Association, and The New York Times, all in December 2015.