OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Josh Sternfeld

Josh Sternfeld (born Joshua Sternfeld in 1972, New York City, New York), is an American film writer/director.
In June 2021, Sternfeld directed the action film Fortress: Sniper's Eye (2022) .

## Biography

Born in New York City, Sternfeld studied English literature at Washington University in St. Louis. He graduated from New York University Tisch School of the Arts in 1999. As a director, Sternfeld won critical acclaim when his first short film, Balloons, Streamers (1997), premiered at the 1997 New York Film Festival and then screened at the 1998 Sundance Film Festival.
In 1999, Sternfeld began work as an assistant editor at Steeplechase Films, where he worked on Ric Burns' 2000 Emmy Award-nominated series, New York: A Documentary Film (2000).
In 2005 he wrote and directed his first feature film, Winter Solstice. The story follows the efforts of a man who struggles to relate to his sons in the years following the accidental death of his wife. The film was distributed by Paramount Classics.
In 2009 Sternfeld wrote and directed the police drama Meskada (2010).
He wrote and directed the unreleased thriller, Amy Makes Three which stars Torrey DeVitto and Mike Doyle (actor).
In June 2021, Sternfeld directed the film Fortress: Sniper's Eye (2022) .

## Selected filmography

* Balloons, Streamers (1997)
* Colin's Date (1998)
* Winter Solstice (2005)
* Meskada (2010)
* Fortress: Sniper's Eye (2022)
* Amy Makes Three (unreleased)

## Personal life

Sternfeld lives in New York.
# Ladislav Quis

Ladislav Quis (7 February 1846 in Čáslav – 1 September 1913 in Černošice) was a Czech writer, poet, lawyer, journalist, translator and critic; associated with the literary group, Ruchovci.

## Biography

He was born to the city physician, Ignác Quis, and his wife Veronika, née Matieková. His education began at a grammar school in Prague, then continued at the gymnasium in Tábor, during the time its Director was the well known Czech patriot, Václav Křížek [cs].
At this time, he was already engaged in literary activities; creating a literary association (Slavoj), and a magazine (Lužnice). In 1865, he published his first poems and short stories in Tábor (a local magazine that was published until 1941). After graduating, he returned to Prague to study law, and received his doctorate in 1874.
In 1872, he began work as an editor at the magazine, Slovan, replacing Karel Sabina, who went into hiding, under suspicion of being a police informant. There, he mainly wrote literary articles and feuilletons. After a relatively short time, he left to join the newspaper, Národních listů. He was eventually forced to give up journalism, due to an eye disease. After 1881, he worked as a lawyer in Čáslav then, in 1884, moved to Přelouč, where he settled and started a practice.
He established a good reputation there, and was involved in many civic projects, including a library (1902) and a new evangelical church, with an impressive tower (1905). In 1901, he was elected an "extraordinary member" of the Česká akademie věd a umění [cs] (Czech Academy of Sciences and Arts).
Over the course of his career, he contributed to numerous magazines, including Květy [cs], Lumír, Paleček [cs], and Humoristické listy [cs]. He also provided articles for several almanacs.
# Lee Gwang-nam

Lee Gwang-nam (born 14 March 1966) is a South Korean handball player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# Pekka Silander

Pekka Tuomo Kaleva Silander (15 March 1925 – 14 May 1968) was a Finnish electrician, trade union official and politician, born in Askainen. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1966 until his death in 1968, representing the Finnish People's Democratic League (SKDL). He was a member of the Communist Party of Finland (SKP).
# Marnix Verhegghe

Marnix Verhegghe (Palmanova, 25 September 1961) is a Belgian hammer thrower.

## Biography

He is the national record holder of the hammer throw.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Performance | Notes |
| 1987 | European Cup (C Final) | Athens | 3rd | Hammer throw | 68.34 m | |

## National championships

* 2 wins in hammer throw (1984, 1988)
# Norbert Varga

Norbert Iosif Varga (born 26 March 1980) is a Romanian former professional footballer who played as a defender or a midfielder.
On 10 February 2006, Wisła Kraków manager Dan Petrescu bought him from Sportul Studenţesc for an undisclosed fee.
# Mary Perkins

Dame Mary Lesley Perkins, DBE (born 14 February 1944) is an English billionaire who is the co-founder of Specsavers, the British retail optometry chain.
Together with her husband, co-founder and chairman Doug Perkins, Dame Mary has three children, all of whom work for Specsavers, and are eventually expected to take over the privately-owned company.
In spring 2015, her net worth was estimated to be £1.45 billion.

## Early life

She attended Fairfield Grammar School in Bristol. She then went to Cardiff University to train as an optometrist. At Cardiff, she met Doug Perkins, whom she later married. The couple established their first business in Bristol in the 1960s. This became a chain of optometrists around Bristol, which they sold for £2 million in 1980, and from which they continue to receive income. After the sale the couple moved to Guernsey, where Mary's father had retired.

## Specsavers

Mary and Doug Perkins established Specsavers in Guernsey in 1984. In 2007 it was the largest privately owned opticians in the world, with nearly 900 stores across the UK and Europe. By 2011 the company had an annual turnover of £1.5bn and over 30,000 staff in markets in the UK, Europe and Australasia.
Her current title at Specsavers is "founder". Dame Mary sits on the company board, oversees business development and has particular responsibility for running PR. She has admitted donning disguises and visiting Specsavers stores, posing as a customer.

## Awards and honours

Perkins was made an honorary fellow of Cardiff University in 2005. The same year she received the Rotary International Community and Vocational Service Award for her services to charity and in 2006 won the inaugural Spirit of everywoman Award. Perkins was the first female optometrist in the UK to receive the title of Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in 2007 for services to Business and to the community in Guernsey.
The accolade was also in recognition of her other charitable work, including the Guernsey annual "Specsavers Liberation Tea Dance for pensioners", and her directorship of Women's Refuge and Age Concern. She is also a patron to leading children's charity Kidscape.
Mary also supports culture as the Honorary Patron of Masteg Gleemen, a Welsh Male Voice Choir.
In 2012 Perkins was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Business from Plymouth University
In February 2013 she was assessed as one of the 100 most powerful women in the United Kingdom by Woman's Hour on BBC Radio 4.
In July 2015 she was made an Officer Sister of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem.
In October 2017, Dame Mary was honoured with an EY Entrepreneur Of The Year UK Lifetime Achievement Award for her continued contribution to entrepreneurship and the economy.

## Other

Perkins is a founding patron of the not-for-profit social enterprise Modern Muse.
# Miklós Dudás (canoeist)

Miklós Dudás (born 16 April 1991) is a Hungarian sprint canoeist. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he competed in the Men's K-1 200 metres.
In 2015, Dudás won a gold medal in the K-1 200 metres event at the 2015 European Games. He tested positive for a banned substance and he was disqualified from the event.

## Awards and honours
### Orders and special awards

* Cross of Merit of Hungary – Bronze Cross (2012)
# St Michael's Church, Beetham

St Michael's Church is in the village of Beetham, Cumbria, England. It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Kendal, the archdeaconry of Westmoreland and Furness, and the diocese of Carlisle. The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building.

## History

It is possible that the oldest existing part of the church, the lower part of the tower, dates from the Anglo-Saxon era. The south aisle was added in about 1200, and the chancel was extended during the 13th century. In the following century the Beetham chapel was added, the south aisle was widened in the 15th century, and in the 16th century the top stage of the tower was built. In the 1870s the church was restored and a south porch was added. In the Buildings of England series, Hyde and Pevsner state that this was carried out by Joseph Bintley, whereas Price attributes it to the Lancaster architects Paley and Austin.

## Architecture
### Exterior

The church is constructed in rubble, mainly limestone, with sandstone dressings. It is roofed in lead. The plan is rectangular, incorporating a nave and chancel with a clerestory, north and south aisles, a north vestry and a south chapel. The church also has a south porch, and a west tower in two stages. The lower stage of the tower contains a west doorway dating from the 14th century, above which is a two-light window. The upper stage is slightly corbelled-out and contains three-light bell openings. At the top is a battlemented parapet with crocketted pinnacles and a 20th-century weathervane. At the east end of the church, the chancel has a 19th-century five-light window, and both aisles contain a 15th-century three-light window. At the west end is a 15th-century three-light window to the left of the tower, and a late 14th-century two-light window to the right. On the south side of the church is a gabled porch, and two- or three-light windows. On the north side is a doorway and five 15th-century three-light windows. All the windows are in Perpendicular style.

### Interior

The south arcade is in Norman style with cylindrical piers and round arches. The north arcade dates from the 15th century, with octagonal piers and pointed arches. The octagonal font cover dates from 1636. Most of the other furnishings date from the 19th and 20th centuries. The south window in the southeast chapel contains fragments of medieval and 17th-century stained glass. These were re-set in the 1870s by Frederick Burrow, who also worked on other windows. The east window dates from 1881 and is by Heaton, Butler and Bayne. Some of the windows in the nave were designed by Shrigley and Hunt. The oldest monument is in the southeast chapel, a tomb with effigies dating from about 1490, which was damaged in 1647.

## External features

In the churchyard is a war memorial to the First World War, consisting of a sandstone Celtic-style cross standing on sandstone steps, and surrounded by limestone walls. A plaque has been added to commemorate the Second World War. It has been designated as a Grade II listed building.
# Cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate (cyclic GMP-AMP, cGAMP) is the first cyclic di-nucleotide found in metazoa.
In mammalian cells, cGAMP is synthesized by cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) from ATP and GTP upon cytosolic DNA stimulation. cGAMP produced by cGAS contains mixed phosphodiester linkages, with one between 2'-OH of GMP and 5'-phosphate of AMP and the other between 3'-OH of AMP and 5'-phosphate of GMP.
This molecule, referred to as 2′3′-cGAMP (cyclic [G(2’,5’)pA(3’,5’)p]), functions as an endogenous second messenger inducing STING-dependent type I interferon response. cGAMP has also been shown to be an effective adjuvant that boosts the production of antigen-specific antibodies and T cell responses in mice. cGAMP exercises antiviral functions in the cell where it is produced, but can also cross cell membranes by passive diffusion through gap junctions to exert effects on neighboring cells. It may even be packaged into lentivirus (such as HIV-1), poxvirus and herpes virus, and under cell culture conditions has been found to transmit an antiviral signal to the cells infected with these viruses; however, there is reason to think that at least HIV is capable of evading this mechanism by some means.
In recent years, cGAMP signalling has been identified in prokaryotes including Vibrio cholerae which express a bacterial analogue of cGAS. In these organisms, cGAS is encoded as part of an operon alongside cGAMP-activated phospholipases (e.g. CapV in V. cholerae). During infection by bacteriophage, cGAS is activated and cGAMP is synthesised, activating CapV which degrades the cell's membrane and triggers cell death before the phage can complete its replicatory cycle.
# Du Feng

Du Feng (simplified Chinese: 杜锋; traditional Chinese: 杜鋒; pinyin: Dù Fēng; born July 30, 1981, in Ürümqi, Xinjiang) is a Chinese professional basketball coach and former player.
He is the current head coach of his longtime club, the Guangdong Southern Tigers.
At a height of 2.07 meters (6' 91⁄2"), and a weight of 100 kilograms (220 pounds), he played as a power forward-center.

## Playing career
### Professional

Du was the Chinese Basketball Association (CBA) Finals MVP in 2004 with the Guangdong Southern Tigers, a team based in Dongguan, Guangdong, where he completed his career and retired from competition at the close of the 2011-12 CBA season.

### National team

Du competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics and 2008 Summer Olympics with the Chinese men's national basketball team (Team China). He also helped China finish with silver medals at the 2002 Asian Games and the 2009 FIBA Asia Championship.

## Coaching career
### Professional

Du started his coaching career as an assistant to Li Chunjiang at Guangdong in the 2012-13 CBA season, but moved into the head coaching spot on an interim basis when Li resigned in January, after nearly 13 years leading the Southern Tigers. The team went on to win their record-tying eighth title in the 2013 CBA Finals with Du being named head coach on a permanent basis as a result of that success. Guangdong did not return to the championship round again until the 2017 CBA Finals when they lost to the Xinjiang Flying Tigers.

### National team

In April 2017, it was revealed that Du was appointed as the head coach of one of the two Chinese national basketball teams formed by the Chinese Basketball Association, in preparation for the 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup and 2020 Summer Olympics. Du was assigned to coach the China Blue team while Li Nan would mentor the China Red team. In September 2018, Li Nan was announced as the head coach of China's reunified national team, while Du would return to his previous job with the Guangdong Southern Tigers.
Du was selected as head coach of China's squad for the 2023 FIBA Basketball World Cup qualification.
# A History of the Crusades

A History of the Crusades by Steven Runciman, published in three volumes during 1951–1954 (vol. I - The First Crusade and the Foundation of the Kingdom of Jerusalem; vol. II - The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East, 1100-1187; vol. III - The Kingdom of Accre and the Later Crusades), is an influential work in the historiography of the Crusades, including the events that led up to those expeditions to the Holy Land and an extensive study of primary sources in Greek, Latin, Armenian and Arabic.

## Runciman's approach

At the time of its initial publication, it offered a novel interpretation of the crusades. Runciman presented them not as Christendom's defensive war against the threat of Islamic expansion, but as a continuation of the destructive "barbarian invasions" that had led to the fall of Rome. Furthermore, Runciman includes the history of the Byzantine Empire in his scope, moving his focus further east and at the same time tempering the "Romantic" view of the crusades as heroic or chivalrous enterprise.
When the first volume appeared in 1951, Egyptian historian Aziz Atiya noted that it was "essentially a narrative of crusading events rather than an analytical study and a discussion of problems." He also noted that Runciman did not have full access to Arabic texts but limited himself to the excerpts found in European editions.

## Distribution and influence

The History has seen numerous reprints and translations and in some respects has come to be seen as a standard work on the crusades. Its scope encompasses the ascendancy of Islam in the Levant during the early 7th century until the fall of Acre in 1291, with later chapters covering through 1464, the time of Pope Pius II.
Along with Jonathan Riley-Smith's The Crusades: A Short History, Runciman's work is one of the most widely-read works about the crusades.

## Criticism

Runciman's approach, while it may have had value in overcoming overly romantic views of the crusades held in the 19th century, has not aged well and is now seen as having gone beyond the mark by painting the crusaders as "simpletons or barbarians".
Thomas F. Madden, writing in 2002, called the work "terrible history yet wonderfully entertaining". Runciman was said to have embraced subjectivity and to be prone to polemics. He himself stated that "The historian must attempt to add to his subjective study the qualities of intuitive sympathy and imaginative perception, without which he cannot hope to comprehend the fears and aspirations and convictions that have moved past generations." It is nevertheless undisputed that the work contains genuine scholarship and exerted great influence on scholars educated in the West from the 1950s to the 1970s.
# Josh Strauss

Josh Strauss (born 23 October 1986) is a South African-born Scotland international rugby union player who currently plays for Israeli side Tel Aviv Heat. He previously played for Glasgow Warriors and the Bulls. His regular playing position is flanker or number 8.

## Career

Strauss played for the Boland Cavaliers and Maties.
He has captained the Lions in Super Rugby and the Golden Lions in the Currie Cup.
On 11 September 2012 Strauss signed for Glasgow Warriors on a three-year deal.
He quickly became a regular in the Warriors' side, captaining them frequently, and was an integral part of their 2014–2015 Pro12 title triumph. He was named in the Pro12 Dream Team at the end of the 2014/15 season.
Strauss - like all professional players in Scotland - was assigned to play for amateur clubs each season when not in use with Glasgow Warriors. After signing for Glasgow in 2012 he was assigned to Dundee HSFP in the Pro-Player draft.
He was assigned to Aberdeen GSFP in the Glasgow Warriors pro-player draft of 2013-14. In 2014-15 he was assigned to Stirling County. In 2016-17 season he was assigned to Currie.
Strauss left Glasgow Warriors in the summer of 2017. On 28 February 2017, Strauss signed a three-year contract with Aviva Premiership club Sale Sharks prior to the 2017-18 season.
He then moved to Stade Francais before signing for the Bulls.
He signed for Tel Aviv Heat in 2021.

### International career

Strauss became eligible to play for Scotland in September 2015, and was named in the 31-man squad for the 2015 Rugby World Cup. He made his much-anticipated debut from the bench in the team's opening match victory over Japan.
# Stanislav Rudolf

Stanislav Rudolf (16 February 1932 – 8 January 2022) was a Czech writer, screenwriter and journalist.

## Life and career

Born in Jičín, Rudolf graduated in Educational Sciences at the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, working as a primary school teacher in Písek. In the second half of the 1950s he studied Czech and pedagogy at the Charles University in Prague, and became a university assistant of Czech literature at the Brandýs nad Labem department of the Charles University.
After having worked as an editor for the magazines Pionýrské noviny [cs] and Květy [cs], in 1969 he made his literary debut with the novel Metráček aneb Nemožně tlustá holka ("Little Fatty or the Impossibly Fat Girl"). His novels were often set in school environments and had female teenage characters as main protagonists. Several of his books including his debut novel were adapted into films, and Rudolf himself worked as a screenwriter in films and television.
Rudolf died in Brandýs nad Labem-Stará Boleslav on 8 January 2022, at the age of 89.
# Inzersdorf-Getzersdorf

Inzersdorf-Getzersdorf is a town in the district of Sankt Pölten-Land in the Austrian state of Lower Austria.
# Mohamed El Fassi

Mohamed El Fassi (Arabic: محمد الفاسي) (born 1908 AD, Fez – died 1991 AD) is a Moroccan politician, writer, and Researcher. Mohamed El Fassi is among the signatories of the 11 January document calling for the independence of Morocco. He is the first Minister of Education of Morocco after independence, and also the first Minister of Education in the history of Morocco

## Career

The politician and researcher Mohamed El Fassi was born in 1908 in the city of Fez, and began his education there, then joined France and obtained a license from the Sorbonne University, Then a postgraduate diploma from the Institute of Oriental Studies in Paris, and it was imbued with the spirit of patriotism, and the defense of Morocco's issues against French colonialism, So he and a group of his fellow students founded an association to defend his country's case, and with them was one of the founders of the magazine "Maghreb" Morocco, in coordination with the French sympathizers of the national case, He also participated in establishing the North African Students Association, which had a great role in educating young people. After that, he met Prince Chakib Arslan and cooperated with him in defending the Arab case and the Moroccan case in particular.

## Positions held before independence

* A professor in Casablanca, and Moulay Youssef High School in Rabat.
* Professor at the Institute for Higher Studies, and the Mawlawi Institute established by the late Muhammad V to educate princes.
* Director of Al-Qarawiyyin University.

## Positions held after independence

* Minister of National Education, Youth and Sports in 1955.
* President of the Moroccan University and Scientific Research in 1958 AD.
* Chairman of the Executive Board of UNESCO from 1958 to 1966.
* Member of the Royal Court.

## Books

Among the books and investigations of Professor Mohamed El Fassi:
* Flowers of the orchards in the news of Andalusia and Morocco during the era of the Almoravids and the Almohads, by Jean Giro and Tara – Arabization – with the participation of Ahmed Bela Freej.
* Muhammad ibn Uthman al-Meknasi Pages from the history of the West in the eighteenth century.
* Abu al-Abbas al-Jarawi poet of the Almohad caliphate.
* Moroccan folk literature (Al-Malhoun).
* Anas al-Faqir and Izz al-Haqeer by Abu al-Abbas bin Qunfid – investigation.
* The elixir in the jaws of the captive by Ibn Othman al-Meknasi – investigation .
* Anas Al-sari and the sire from the countries of the Maghreb to the end of hopes, interests, non-Arabs and Arabs by Ibn Malih al-Sarraj – investigation.
* The Moroccan Journey (The Journey of Al-Abdari) – An investigation and commentary.
* رباعيات نساء فاس: العروبيات [Rubayat of Fassi Women] (in Arabic and Moroccan Arabic). 1971. p. 133.

## Death

El Fassi died in 1991.