OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Englynion y Clywaid

Englynion y Clywaid (or Englynion y Clyweit) is a collection of Welsh stanzas.
The stanzas date to around the 10th century or the late 12th or early 13th century according to Ifor Williams, as well as other academics. The earliest manuscript witnesses are Jesus College MS 3 (c. 1350) and NLW Llanstephan MS 27, the Red Book of Talgarth (c. 1400), the latter almost exclusively in the hand of Hywel Fychan, main scribe of the Red Book of Hergest).
The series consists of 73 stanzas with proverbs that are attributed to characters from Welsh folklore or Welsh saints.

## Style

The poems are melodic, with each englyn beginning with the opening phrase "A glyweist-di a gant...?" ("Did you hear what ... said/declaimed?"), followed by the name of a character from Welsh tradition, or one of the Welsh saints. The answer is in the form of a traditional proverb, most of which are attributed to characters from Welsh folklore, or Welsh and foreign saints. The exceptions are those given in the mouths of animals.
The selection of Welsh characters includes a number of characters from Culhwch and Olwen, and the work as a whole describes a selection of mythical, historical or semi-historical heroes and Christian saints.

## History

The poem is a reflection of the antiquarian interest of the 13th and 14th centuries when there was a great deal of collecting, composing and recording of proverbial material by learned Welshmen in a spirit which is compared by Kenneth H. Jackson to the antiquarian mindset that later spurred on the editors of The Myvyrian Archaiology of Wales in the early 19th century.

## Cynfarch fab Meirchion

One poem describes a proverb attributed to Cynfarch fab Meirchion of the Hen Ogledd (Old North):
   "Did you hear Cynfarch sing?
   'Bid thy shoulder upon thy horse;
   And we will not respect nor revere you."
Other heroes include Llywarch Hen, Heledd, Urien Rheged, Gwenddolau and Geraint fab Erbin. From the world of legends there are characters such as Culhwch, Drystan, and Cadriaith mab Seidi . The author has a particular fondness for South Wales saints, including Idloes, David, Padarn, Gwynllyw and Teilo, which suggests he is a native of South Wales.
# Rachel Pope

Rachel Pope FSA is an archaeologist specialising in Iron Age Europe. She is Reader in European Prehistory at the University of Liverpool.

## Education

Pope undertook undergraduate and postgraduate degrees at Durham University. Her PhD thesis was entitled "Prehistoric Dwelling: circular structures in north and central Britain c 2500 BC - AD 500", was awarded in 2003, and funded partly through support provided by the British Federation of Women Graduates and St Mary's College.

## Career

In 2004 Pope held an early career fellowship at the University of Leicester. Pope's research includes Iron Age hillforts, the Celts, and gender.
Pope has directed excavations at the Kidlandlee Dean Bronze Age Landscapes Project (Northumberland) and Eddisbury Hillfort, Merrick’s Hill (Cheshire), and at Penycloddiau Hillfort. She co-edited the volume The Earlier Iron Age in Britain and the near Continent with Colin Haselgrove, which provided a thorough "overview of research into the early first millennium BC". She was elected as a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries in 2008. Pope is director of British Women Archaeologists. She is a key member of campaign to stop development at Old Oswestry Hillfort. Pope was featured in the Leonora Saunders and TrowelBlazers Raising Horizons exhibition as Margaret Guido.

## Selected publications

* Pope, R. E. (2007). Ritual and the roundhouse: a critique of recent ideas on domestic space in later British prehistory. In C. C. Haselgrove, & R. E. Pope (Eds.), The Earlier Iron Age in Britain and the near Continent. Oxford: Oxbow: 204-228.
* Ghey, E., Edwards, N., and Pope, R. (2007) Characterising the Welsh Roundhouse: chronology, inhabitation and landscape, Internet Archaeology 23. doi:10.11141/ia.23.1
* Pope, R. (2011). Processual archaeology and gender politics. The loss of innocence. Archaeological Dialogues 18(01): 59-86. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1380203811000134
* Pope, R. E., & Ralston, I. B. M. (2011). Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent. In L. Armada, & T. Moore (eds), Atlantic Europe in the First Millennium BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
* Edwards, B. G., & Pope, R. E. (2012). Gender in British Prehistory. In D. Bolger (eds), A Companion to Gender Prehistory. Oxford: Blackwell.
* Pope, R. E. (2015). Bronze Age architectural traditions: dates and landscapes. In F. Hunter, & I.B.M. Ralston (eds), Scotland in Later Prehistoric Europe. Oxford: Oxbow.
* Pope, R. E. (2018). Gender and society in Iron Age Europe. In C. C. Haselgrove, K. Rebay-Salisbury, & P. Wells (eds) Oxford Handbook of the European Iron Age. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
* Pope, R. (2021). Re-approaching Celts: Origins, society, and social change. Journal of Archaeological Research, 1-67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10814-021-09157-1
# Tebogo Letsie

Walter Tebogo Letsie is a South African politician. In 2019 he became a Member of Parliament (MP) for the African National Congress.
Since becoming an MP, he has served on the Portfolio Committee on Basic Education and the Portfolio Committee on Higher Education, Science and Technology.
Letsie was re-elected to another term in the National Assembly in 2024.
# Luc Colijn

Luc Colijn (born 2 May 1958) is a Belgian former professional racing cyclist. He rode in the 1981 Tour de France. He currently works as a directeur sportif for Team Flanders–Baloise. He is the grandson of cyclist Achiel Buysse.

## Major results
### Road
#### 1978

    1st Road race, National Military Road Championships
    2nd Military Road World Championships
    3rd Brussel–Opwijk

#### 1979

    1st Ronde van Vlaanderen Beloften
    5th Kattekoers

#### 1980

    1st Stage 1 Tour de Wallonie
    1st Coupe Egide Schoeters
    2nd Kampioenschap van Vlaanderen
    3rd Grand Prix de Waregem

#### 1981

    1st Petegem-aan-de-Leie
    2nd Leeuwse Pijl
    3rd Paris–Tours
    3rd Nationale Sluitingprijs
    8th De Brabantse Pijl
    8th Grote Prijs Jef Scherens

#### 1982

    1st Nationale Sluitingprijs
    1st Berlare
    1st De Pinte
    1st GP Lanssens
    2nd Omloop van het Zuidwesten
    3rd Flèche Hesbignonne
    8th Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne

#### 1983

    1st Omloop van de Grensstreek
    1st Prix de Mellet
    2nd Le Samyn
    2nd Grand Prix de Peymeinade
    3rd Omloop Het Volk
    3rd Rund um den Henninger Turm
    4th Tour of Flanders
    6th Grand Prix de Wallonie
    7th Amstel Gold Race
    9th De Brabantse Pijl
    9th E3 Prijs Vlaanderen
    10th Paris–Tours

#### 1984

    1st GP Stad Zottegem
    1st Ronde van Midden-Zeeland
    6th Omloop Het Volk
    8th Tour of Flanders
    8th E3 Prijs Vlaanderen
    10th De Kustpijl

#### 1985

    4th Dwars door België
    6th Omloop Het Volk

#### 1986

    1st Nokere Koerse

#### 1987

    1st Zomergem-Adinkerke
    5th Grand Prix Cerami
    8th De Kustpijl

#### 1989

    1st Dwars door West-Vlaanderen

#### 1990

    6th Nokere Koerse

#### 1991

    1st Gullegem Koerse
    6th Overall Tour d'Armorique

#### 1992

    5th Tour de Vendée

### Track
#### 1978

    Belgian National Championships
       1st Amateur Pursuit (with François Caethoven, Hendrik Caethoven and Patrick Lerno)

#### 1979

    Belgian National Championships
       1st Amateur Points
       1st Amateur Derny

#### 1989

    European Track Championships
    1st Derny

#### 1991

    European Track Championships
    3rd Derny

### Grand Tour general classification results timeline

Source:
| Grand Tour | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 |
| Vuelta a España | — | — | — | DNF |
| Giro d'Italia | — | — | — | — |
| Tour de France | DNF | — | — | — |
Legend :
| — | Did not compete |
| DNF | Did Not Finish |
# Huai Khwang subdistrict, Bangkok

Huai Khwang (Thai: ห้วยขวาง, pronounced) is a khwaeng (subdistrict) of Huai Khwang district, downtown Bangkok.

## History & naming

The subdistrict was once a tangle of marshlands in the past. Hence its name "Creeks That Block the Ways."
Nowadays, Huai Khwang is best known for its seedy nightlife and so-called massage parlours.
In addition, Pracha Rat Bamphen road, a branching off Ratchadaphisek road, is also the location of many shops or even nightclubs for Chinese. These Chinese are all new generation, some of them are even students. As a result, Huai Khwang has been dubbed as "New Chinatown".

## Geography

Huai Khwang is the west part of the district. Adjoining subdistricts are (from the north clockwise): Sam Sen Nok and Bang Kapi in its district, Din Daeng and Ratchadaphisek in Din Daeng district.
# Meredith Vuchnich

Meredith Vuchnich is a Canadian film and television screenwriter. She is most noted as cowriter with Tracey Deer of the 2020 film Beans. They won the WGC Screenwriting Award for Best Feature Film in 2021 and was nominated for a Prix Iris Best Screenplay at the 24th Quebec Cinema Awards in 2022 for this work.
Vuchnich was also a Gemini Award nominee for Best Writing in a Dramatic Series at the 23rd Gemini Awards in 2008 for her work on the television series ReGenesis.
Her other writing credits have included the series Train 48, Godiva's, Wild Roses, The Saddle Club, Remedy, and Carter. She has also had occasional roles as an actress, most notably in a 2001 stage production of Salt-Water Moon and the 2005 film Love Is Work.
# Sphingomonas trueperi

Sphingomonas trueperi is a Gram-negative soil bacterium.
# Aleksandr Kozlov

Aleksandr Kozlov or Alexnder Kozlov (Russian: Александр Козлов) may refer to:
* Aleksandr Kozlov (hammer thrower) (born 1952), Soviet hammer thrower
* Aleksandr Kozlov (footballer) (1993–2022), Russian footballer
* Aleksandr Kozlov (politician, born 1949), Russian politician
* Alexander Kozlov, Russian politician
# Carlos Iturraspe

Carlos Iturraspe Cuevas (10 June 1910 – 10 August 1981) was a Spanish football midfielder and manager.

## Football career

Born in San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Cuevas played solely with Valencia CF during his professional career, helping the Che to three major titles including the 1942 and 1944 conquests of La Liga, to which he contributed a total of 40 games.
He worked as a coach in the 1950s/60s, competing in the top division from 1953 to 1956: after leading Deportivo de La Coruña to the seventh place he was in charge of former club Valencia as it ranked fifth and sixth respectively, even though he did not finish the latter campaign, being fired in May 1956 after losing in the Copa del Rey to Real Jaén.
# Chus Alonso

Jesús "Chus" Alonso Fernández (April 24, 1917, in Havana – August 9, 1979, in Madrid), was a Spanish association football player. He played as a midfielder.

## Club career

Alonso had moved to Spain at a young age, and played exclusively for Spanish clubs. He scored 2 goals in the inaugural game at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, and also scored in the first competitive game in the stadium against Athletic Bilbao.

## International career

Chus Alonso was born in Cuba to parents of Spanish descent. He was naturalized as Spanish, and he played 3 matches for Spain national football team, held with France, Germany and Italy.

## Titles

Alsonso played 121 matches in La Liga for Real Madrid and scored 55 goals. He also played 39 matches in the Copa del Generalísimo, scoring 12 goals. His trophy collection includes two Spanish Cups and a Copa Eva Duarte.
# Pal Dukagjini

Pal Dukagjini (Italian: Paolo Ducagini, 1411–1458) was an Albanian nobleman, a member of the Dukagjini family. He and his kinsman Nicholas Dukagjini were initially subjects of Lekë Zaharia, a Venetian vassal who had possessions around Shkoder. Nicholas murdered Lekë, and the Dukagjini continued to rule over their villages under Venetian vassalage. Pal and Nicholas were part of the League of Lezhë, a military alliance that sought liberation of Albania from the Ottoman Empire, founded by the powerful Skanderbeg. In 1454, the Dukagjini accepted vassalage of Alfonso V of Aragon, as other chieftains had done three years earlier. Pal later abandoned Skanderbeg's army and deserted to the Ottomans.

## Life

He was one of the founding members of the League of Lezhë, a military alliance of some Christian members of the Albanian nobility forged in Lezhë on 2 March 1444 by:
* Lekë Zaharia (lord of Sati and Dagnum), and his vassals Pal and Nicholas Dukagjini
* Peter Spani (lord of the mountains behind Drivasto)
* Lekë Dushmani (lord of Pult)
* George Strez, John and Gojko Balšić (lords of Misia)
* Andrea Thopia with nis nephew Tanush
* George Araniti
* Theodor Corona Musachi
* Stefan Crnojević (lord of Upper Zeta) with his three sons Ivan, Andrija and Božidar
Pal Dukagjin and Nikola Dukagjin were vassals of Lekë Zaharia until Nikola Dukagjini killed him in 1444. Venice accepted their control over the properties they ruled when they were vassals of Lekë Zaharia (which included villages Buba, Salita, Gurichuchi, Baschina) because they agreed to be Venetian vassals after Zaharia's death.
Alfonso V of Aragon first signed the Treaty of Gaeta with Skanderbeg in 1451 and then he signed similar treaties with Pal Dukagjini and other chieftains from Albania including: George Araniti, Ghin Musachi, George Strez Balšić, Peter Spani, Thopia Musachi, Peter of Himara, Simon Zenebishi and Carlo Toco.
Pal was in Venice between November 1451 and February 1452, when the Venetian Senate accepted his request not to serve Venice in Ulcinj anymore but in Alessio because it was closer to his estates. The Senate ordered the lord of Ulcinj to pay for the previous services of Pal Dukagjin, and ordered the lord of Alessio to accept Pal's future services.
On 21 October 1454, Alphonso V of Naples informed Skanderbeg that Pal Dukagjini had sent his envoys and declared his loyalty and vassalage to the Kingdom of Naples, which assigned 300 ducats of annual provisions to him.
Together with many other Albanian noblemen (like Moisi Arianit Golemi, Nicholas Dukagjini and Hamza Kastrioti) he abandoned Skanderbeg's forces and deserted to the Ottomans. In 1457 Pope Callixtus III criticized the bishop of Krujë for the unjustified excommunication of Pal Dukagjini and his subjects.
Pal Dukagjini left four sons: Nicholas Dukagjini, Lekë, Progon and Gjergj, of whom Nicholas and Lekë were politically notable. Pal was married to a daughter of Komnen Arianiti.
# Mateo Matic

Mateo Matic (Croatian: Matić; born 7 January 1996) is a Swiss professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper.

## Professional career

Matic is a youth product of Grasshopper, and began his career with their reserves in 2013. He joined Schaffhausen on loan between 2017 and 2018. He made his professional debut for Grasshopper in a 3-0 Swiss Super League loss to FC Sion on 22 May 2019.
In the 2020–21 Swiss Challenge League, he was instrumental in helping Grasshopper achieve promotion back to the Swiss Super League. In the following season, however, he was relegated to backup and cup goalkeeper. As a result, he chose not to renew his contract at the end of the season. He captained the squad in his last and only league game of the season, a 0–3 defeat to BSC Young Boys.
On 29 August 2022, he signed with Swiss Challenge League side FC Thun for the remainder of the first half of the season.

## International career

Born in Switzerland, Matic is of Croatian descent. He is a youth international for Switzerland.
# Daniil Shamkin

Daniil Dmitriyevich Shamkin (Russian: Даниил Дмитриевич Шамкин; born 22 June 2002) is a Russian football player who plays as an midfielder for Torpedo Moscow.

## Club career

Shamkin made his debut in the Russian Football National League for Zenit-2 Saint Petersburg on 3 March 2019 in a game against Shinnik Yaroslavl, as a starter.
He made his debut in the Russian Premier League for Zenit Saint Petersburg on 14 March 2020 in a game against Ural Yekaterinburg.
On 21 July 2021, Shamkin joined Baltika Kaliningrad on a season-long loan. On 2 July 2022, Shamkin was loaned to KAMAZ Naberezhnye Chelny.
On 10 July 2023, Shamkin joined Torpedo Moscow on a three-year contract.

## International career

He represented Russia at the 2019 UEFA European Under-17 Championship.

## Honours
### Zenit Saint Petersburg

* Russian Premier League: 2019–20, 2020–21

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 25 May 2024
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Zenit-2 Saint Petersburg | 2018–19 | Russian First League | 4 | 1 | – | – | – | – | 4 | 1 |
| Zenit-2 Saint Petersburg | 2019–20 | Russian Second League | 13 | 3 | – | – | – | – | 13 | 3 |
| Zenit-2 Saint Petersburg | 2020–21 | Russian Second League | 9 | 1 | – | – | – | – | 9 | 1 |
| Zenit-2 Saint Petersburg | 2021–22 | Russian Second League | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 |
| Zenit-2 Saint Petersburg | Total | Total | 27 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 27 | 6 |
| Zenit Saint Petersburg | 2019–20 | Russian Premier League | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| Zenit Saint Petersburg | 2020–21 | Russian Premier League | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Zenit Saint Petersburg | Total | Total | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 9 | 0 |
| Baltika Kaliningrad (loan) | 2021–22 | Russian First League | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 12 | 0 |
| KAMAZ (loan) | 2022–23 | Russian First League | 31 | 5 | 3 | 0 | – | – | 34 | 5 |
| Torpedo Moscow | 2023–24 | Russian First League | 23 | 1 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 24 | 1 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 100 | 12 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 106 | 12 |
* ↑ Appearances in the UEFA Champions League
# Cold Overton

Cold Overton is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Knossington and Cold Overton, in the Melton district of Leicestershire, England. It is close to the border with Rutland, and approximately 3 miles (5 km) west from the market and county town of Oakham, and 1.5 miles (2.4 km) south-west of the A606 road. In 1931 the parish had a population of 133.

## History

The village's name means 'farm/settlement on a ridge'. 'Cold' was added because of the village's exposed position.
Cold Overton is listed in the Domesday Book as in the Framland Hundred of Leicestershire, with 12 ploughlands, 17 households, 4 freemen, 8 villagers, 4 smallholders, and a priest. The settlement contained a meadow and woodland, both of 30 acres (0.1 km$^2$). Lordship in 1066 was held by Ulf Fenman, transferred to Fulco in 1086, with Drogo de la Beuvrière as Tenant-in-chief.
In 1870 Cold Overton was a parish in the district of Oakham. The Syston and Peterborough Railway ran close by. The area of the parish was 1,657 acres (6.7 km$^2$) in which were 19 houses and a population of 97.
In 1826 was founded an “Asylum for Female Orphans” which maintained and educated 20 girls. This orphanage had been discontinued by 1877, and in its place was established a free school for local boys and girls. Occupations in 1877 included eight graziers, four of whom were farmers, a further farmer and a market gardener. Also listed was a schoolmistress, the parish rector, and Frewen family occupants of Cold Overton Hall.
On 1 April 1936 the parish was abolished and merged with Knossington.

## St John the Baptist Church

The Grade I listed village church is dedicated to John the Baptist. Originating in the 13th century, there were additions during the following two centuries and a restoration in 1889 Inside the Church the north and south arcades have notable Early English carved capitals, showing people, animals and motifs from nature. There are medieval paintings on the south and east walls; the images include St Catherine holding a wheel, the Assumption of the Virgin, the Nativity, the Funeral of the Virgin, complete with pall-bearers, and St John the Baptist.

## Cold Overton Hall

At the centre of the village is the Grade I listed Cold Overton Hall, a country house of c. 1664 with early 19th-century additions.
# Vintage Camera Museum

The Vintage Camera Museum is a camera museum in Kampong Glam which is a neighbourhood and ethnic enclave in Singapore.

## History and background

Started by steel trader Solaiyappan Ramanathan and his cousin (and artist) A.P. Shreethar, the camera museum opened on 1 June 2017. It was started to educate people the evolution of camera. The exhibits consist of approximately 1,000 cameras from the personal collections of Ramanathan and Shreethar, who both collectively own 7,000 cameras. The cameras are from as far back as the late 19th century all the way to the early 2000s, and include pigeon camera, a Minox spy camera, and Rokuoh-sha Type 89 'Machine Gun' camera that was used by the Japanese as a training weapon during World War II.
The museum was affected by the onset of COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore which it saw a 90% drop in traffic, forcing it to be temporarily closed in 2020.

## Architecture

Ramanathan bought a building located at Jalan Kledek and retrofitted it. The façade of the building is shaped after a Rollei camera, and is thus called as the 'world's biggest camera-shaped building'. Housed in the 2,500 sq ft (230 m$^2$) building are the Vintage Camera Museum, and Click Art Museum, which showcases Shreethar's artwork while allowing visitors to experiment photography with the art pieces.
The museum is housed in a white camera-shaped building with a total floor area of 2,500 square feet, divided into two museums – Vintage Camera Museum and Click art Museum.
# Raakh (2016 film)

Raakh (English: Ashes) is a 2016 Indian short crime drama film written and directed by Milap Zaveri, starring Vir Das, Richa Chadda and Shaad Randhawa in the lead roles. The film revolves around a man who seeks revenge from the guy who raped and killed his wife. The film was released by T-Series on 7 November 2016.

## Plot

A man (Vir Das) arrives at a strange place with a driller and locking up the door. He has held another man (Shaad Randhawa) captive and heavily bloodied. Upon asking who's he and the reason for keeping him captive like this, the hero shows a video of his wife (Richa Chadda) through a projector. He tells him that he will seek revenge from him for killing his wife. He goes and starts eating while the villain tells him what he did with her.
After he finishes eating, he stands up and takes a gun, but tells the villain that he knows he won't plead for his life, but certainly he will, for the life of someone else, i.e., the hero because no one except the hero knew about the place and neither does any sound good our normal any external sound comes in. Realizing it, the villain begins to plead him not to commit suicide and that he (hero) shouldn't kill himself because he has not done wrong and he shouldn't die. The hero finally shoots himself to his death and falls dead, as blood splashed from his head splatters on the projector screen, still playing his wife's video.
The villain is left crying for his life and the titles appear with a song.

## Cast

* Vir Das
* Richa Chadda
* Shaad Randhawa

## Release

Raakh was released on 7 November 2016 by T-Series.

## Critical reception

Ruchita Mishra from Glamsham rated it 3.5/5, and wrote "Watch it if you love dark and thriller stories." Subhash K. Jha rated the film 3/5 and quoted "Nonetheless Raakh has much to recommend itself. It’s shot in a grimy squalid location that represents and nails the characters’ state of mind . These are two people who are doomed to die. What they say to each other is not important. What they’ve done to one another’s life is really the issue here.In the pursuit of perverse justice this short film goes a long way."
Rachit Gupta from Filmfare rated it 2.5/5, and stated "Like two-line horror stories go, Raakh creates its terror with planting a thought in your head." He also wrote that the film has "Fiery visuals but the story runs out of spark." Nishi Tiwari from Mumbai Mirror rated it 1.5/5, calling it a film "Microwaved to imperfection."