OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# George Platt Waller

George Platt Waller Jr. (September 7, 1889 – February 26, 1962) was an American diplomat and the United States chargé d'affaires in Luxembourg during World War II.

## Biography
### Early life

George Platt Waller Jr. was born to George Platt and Susan Theresa Jones in Montgomery, Alabama on September 7, 1889. He was home schooled and attended public school until he enrolled in Marion Military Institute in 1905 until 1907. Afterwards he attended the University of Virginia, graduating in 1912. He worked as a principal of a high school in Chilhowie, Virginia from 1912 to 1913.

### Diplomatic career

Waller was appointed American vice-consul in Yarmouth, Nova Scotia on February 13, 1913. From there he was appointed vice-consul in Karlsbad, Bohemia in July 1914. Waller quickly requested a transfer after Austria-Hungary entered World War I. Finding himself unable to remain neutral and yet express the sympathy necessary for a wartime post, Waller hoped to be sent to a post "in an English–speaking country outside of Canada." He wrote to his superiors that "On the other hand, by heredity, environment and ways of thought, my sympathies are, in the larger sense, fully with the Anglo Saxons and in a time like the present I am quite sure that I should be of vastly greater service among such a people." The State Department considered the request for several months, until the transfer was finally approved by Secretary of State Robert Lansing. The decision was urged by Consul Wallace J. Young and Ambassador Frederic Courtland Penfield, the latter considering Waller's attitude "seriously embarrassing." Waller was subsequently moved and served as senior vice-consul in Athens, Greece from 1915 to 1919.
Waller acted as vice-consul in-charge in Athens from October 1916 to May 1917 while Greece was embroiled in conflict. On December 4, 1919, he was made Knight of the Order of the Redeemer by Alexander of Greece and the Greek government. He later served as consul in Dresden, Germany.
Waller became the American chargé d'affaires in Luxembourg in 1931. He was awarded the Luxembourg War Cross on June 24, 1946. On June 24, 1948, Waller finalized the purchase of the estate that eventually became the American Embassy in Luxembourg. He shortly thereafter left the country permanently.

## Works

* Platt Waller, George (2012). Fletcher, Willard Allen; Fletcher, Jean Tucker (eds.). Defiant Diplomat: George Platt Waller, American Consul in Nazi-Occupied Luxembourg, 1939–1941. Newark: University of Delaware Press. ISBN 978-1611493986.
# Space Is Only Noise

Space Is Only Noise is the debut studio album by Chilean-American musician Nicolás Jaar, released on 28 January 2011 by Circus Company.
In 2012 it was awarded a silver certification from the Independent Music Companies Association which indicated sales of at least 20,000 copies throughout Europe.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AnyDecentMusic? | 7.9/10 |
| Metacritic | 86/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Clash | 9/10 |
| The Guardian | |
| The Irish Times | |
| Mojo | |
| Pitchfork | 8.4/10 |
| PopMatters | 9/10 |
| Q | |
| Resident Advisor | 4.5/5 |
| Uncut | |
At Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, Space Is Only Noise received an average score of 86, based on 15 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim". Resident Advisor named it album of the year and Pitchfork placed the album at number 20 on its list of the "Top 50 albums of 2011". Pitchfork also placed the song "Space Is Only Noise If You Can See" at number 44 on its list "The Top 100 Tracks of 2011". In 2019, Pitchfork ranked the album at number 148 on their list of "The 200 Best Albums of the 2010s".

### Accolades

Publications' year-end list appearances for Space Is Only Noise :
| Critic/Publication | List | Rank |
| BrooklynVegan | BrooklynVegan's Top 141 Albums of the 2010s | 52 |
| Cokemachineglow | Cokemachineglow's Top 50 Albums of 2011 | 40 |
| Crack Magazine | Crack Magazine's Top 100 Albums of the 2010s | 62 |
| Drowned in Sound | Drowned in Sound's Top 75 Albums of 2011 | 50 |
| Gorilla vs. Bear | Gorilla vs. Bear's Top 30 Albums of 2011 | 30 |
| MusicOMH | MusicOMH's Top 50 Albums of 2011 | 38 |
| The Needle Drop | The Needle Drop's Top 50 Albums of 2011 | 9 |
| No Ripcord | No Ripcord's Top 50 Albums of 2011 | 21 |
| Pitchfork | Pitchfork's Top 50 Albums of 2011 | 20 |
| Pitchfork | Pitchfork's Top 200 Albums of the 2010s | 148 |
| Pretty Much Amazing | Pretty Much Amazing's Top 40 Albums of 2011 | 36 |
| Resident Advisor | Resident Advisor's Top 20 Albums of 2011 | 1 |
| Stereogum | Stereogum's Top 50 Albums of 2011 | 39 |

## Track listing

The original track listing features "I Got A" as track 6, but this track was later removed from the album due to an uncleared sample. Subsequently, the original 14-track version of the album was pulled from stores and replaced with a 13 track version, the same one which can be found on streaming services.

## Charts

Chart performance for Space Is Only Noise :
| Chart (2011) | Peak position |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders) | 49 |
# Haliotis pourtalesii aurantium

Haliotis pourtalesii aurantium is a subspecies of edible sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Haliotidae, the abalone. This is a Western Atlantic species.

## Distribution

This species occurs off Brazil.

## Description

The maximum recorded shell length is 15 mm.
The size of the shell varies between 9 mm and 20 mm.

## Habitat

Minimum recorded depth is 48 m. Maximum recorded depth is 150 m.
# Ethylene vinyl alcohol

Ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) is a formal copolymer of ethylene and vinyl alcohol. Because the latter monomer mainly exists as its tautomer acetaldehyde, the copolymer is prepared by polymerization of ethylene and vinyl acetate to give the ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer followed by hydrolysis. EVOH copolymer is defined by the mole % ethylene content: lower ethylene content grades have higher barrier properties; higher ethylene content grades have lower temperatures for extrusion.
The plastic resin is commonly used as an oxygen barrier in food packaging. It is better than other plastics at keeping air out and flavors in, is highly transparent, weather resistant, oil and solvent resistant, flexible, moldable, recyclable, and printable. Its drawback is that it is difficult to make and therefore more expensive than other food packaging. Instead of making an entire package out of EVOH, manufacturers keep costs down by coextruding or laminating it as a thin layer between cardboard, foil, or other plastics.
It is also used as a hydrocarbon barrier in plastic fuel tanks and pipes.

## Industrial production

Because of the high capital cost to build an EVOH plant, and the complexity of making a food grade product, only a few companies produce EVOH:
Kuraray produces EVOH resin under the name "EVAL," with a 10,000 ton plant in Okayama, Japan; a 58,000 ton plant in the U.S. (near Houston, TX) under its subsidiary Kuraray America; and a 35,000 ton plant in Belgium under its subsidiary EVAL Europe.
Nippon Gohsei produces EVOH under the trade name Soarnol. It has production sites in Mizushima, Japan; La Porte, Texas in the USA; and at Salt End, Hull, England.
Chang Chun Petrochemical produces EVOH under the trade name EVASIN. It has a single site in Taipei, Taiwan.

## Food packaging

Due to its strong barrier against gasses (especially oxygen), odors and flavours, food packaging manufacturers use EVOH in their packaging structure to extend the shelf life of food products.
A downside of EVOH is its relatively high moisture sensitivity, meaning that the barrier capabilities of EVOH decrease in environments with high humidity. As such, EVOH is often applied within a multiplayer film. Here, one or more inside layers contain EVOH, but the outside layers consist of a different plastic that is less sensitive to moisture, such as polyethylene.

## Medical applications

EVOH is used in a liquid embolic system in interventional radiology, e.g. in Onyx. Dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and mixed with a radiopaque substance, ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer is used to embolize blood vessels.
# Emperor Haute Couture

Emperor Haute Couture is a 2011 Canadian oil-on-canvas painting depicting Stephen Joseph Harper PC MP who served as the 22nd Prime Minister of Canada from 6 February 2006, to 4 November 2015.
The picture was created by Kingston, Ontario-based Canadian artist Margaret Sutherland. After being selected for a public unveiling at the Kingston Arts Council's annual juried salon at the Kingston Frontenac Public Library, the piece garnered widespread media attention.

## Sources of inspiration

In 2012, Sutherland revealed in an interview that the title of the painting draws its inspiration from the short story "The Emperor's New Clothes" by Hans Christian Andersen. The painting itself is modeled after the famous painting Olympia by Édouard Manet. Of the many messages in the painting, Sutherland's main inspiration for drawing the portrait was due to the lack of female cabinet ministers in the Harper Government. The woman in the purple suit in the background of the portrait is a representation of former Harper minister Bev Oda.

## Human rights complaint

After the initial public unveiling of the painting, Curtis Stewart of St. Albert, Alberta, lodged a human rights complaint against the Kingston Frontenac Public Library at the Ontario Human Rights Tribunal. Stewart's application argued that his rights were infringed when the library chose to display the risque painting as part of a local art show. After seven months, the human rights complaint was dismissed.

## Sale at auction

Danielle Potvin bought the painting from the Edward Day Gallery (Toronto) in June 2012 for $5,000. In the fall of 2015, she decided to sell the painting to pay for home renovations and the painting was put for sale for $8,800 in Kijiji in Chicoutimi, Québec, Montréal, Ottawa, Toronto, Edmonton, Calgary and Vancouver. An article from Jana G. Pruden, from the Edmonton Journal (23 November 2015) started a bidding war, which was won by the Vancouver-based technology entrepreneur Frederick Ghahramani. Ghahramani revealed his intention was to share the painting with Canadian high-schools and Universities for no fee, because he felt Sutherland's work is "going to be a Canadian artifact, and does a brilliant job capturing the mood of over 60% of Canadians who felt our Prime Minister didn't want to listen to his own experts."
# Florent Bessemans

Florent Bessemans (born 2 January 1940) is a Belgian fencer. He competed in the individual foil and épée events at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
# 1077th Anti-Aircraft Regiment

The 1077th Anti-Aircraft Regiment (Russian: 1077-й зенитный артиллерийский полк, romanized: 1077-y zenitnyy artilleriyskiy polk, lit. '1077th Zenithal [Anti-Aircraft] Artillery Regiment') was a unit of the Stalingrad Corps Region of the Soviet Air Defense Forces that participated in the Battle of Stalingrad in 1942. Under the leadership of Colonel Raiynin, the regiment operated within the Stalingrad Military District and later came under the command of the Stalingrad Front during the battle for the city. Consisting mostly of young female volunteers who had recently completed high school, the regiment demonstrated great bravery in defending the city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd). One notable act of valor was when they engaged an approaching Panzer unit by adjusting their guns to the lowest elevation and directly firing at the advancing tanks.

## Training and materials

English-language sources of information concerning the 1077th unit provide limited and conflicting details. However, it is believed that similar to other anti-aircraft units, they received inadequate training and had insufficient ammunition supplies. Instead of armor-piercing rounds, they were equipped with fragmentation 'flak' rounds, which raises doubts regarding their effectiveness against armored targets. The unit utilized M1939 guns, which were 37-mm replicas of the Bofors guns.

## The Defense of Stalingrad

On August 23, 1942, the German 6th Army initiated an offensive on Stalingrad, preceded by extensive bombing that caused significant damage to the city. The 16th Panzer Division advanced towards Gumrak Airport, located 15 kilometers northwest of the city, and encountered resistance from Soviet anti-aircraft guns.
According to the records of the 16th Panzer Division, they encountered determined opposition from tenacious female fighters manning 37 anti-aircraft positions, engaging in a fierce exchange of fire until those positions were destroyed.
The official Soviet historical account of the war acknowledges this event, stating that the anti-aircraft troops of the 1077th Anti-Aircraft Regiment, led by Colonel W. S. German, engaged the enemy's tanks and motorized infantry without immediate support from rifle units. The regiment fought alone for two days, successfully repelling the assaults of German submachine gunners. While engaged in combat, they managed to damage or destroy 83 tanks as well as 15 other vehicles carrying infantry. Additionally, the regiment neutralized over three battalions of assault infantry and shot down 14 enemy aircraft.
The 1077th Anti-Aircraft Regiment continued to serve in the Soviet forces until the end of the war. In May 1945, the regiment became part of the 86th Air Defense Forces Division, operating on the Southwestern Front. In 1945, the 86th Division was responsible for providing air defense support to the Kharkiv and Odessa Military Regions, as well as the Independent Coastal Army.
# Tobias Klysner

Tobias Klysner Breuner (born 3 July 2001) is a Danish professional footballer who plays as a winger for Danish Superliga club Sønderjyske.

## Club career
### Randers FC

Klysner started playing football at Randers FC, before moving to Randers' cooperative club, Hornbæk SF. However, he later returned to Randers again and signed a three-year youth contract with the club on his 15th birthday.
On 14 April 2019, Klysner made his professional debut for Randers, in a Danish Superliga match against Hobro IK. Klysner started on the bench, but replaced Mikkel Kallesøe in the 91st minute, contributing to a 2–1 win. He was called up for four more games season, however as an unused substitute. Randers confirmed on 11 June 2019, that Klysner had signed a professional four-year contract with the club and was permanently promoted to the first team squad.
Klysner scored his first professional goal on 30 October 2020, in a league game against Vejle Boldklub. After coming off the bench for Tosin Kehinde he scored only a few minutes later to help Randers to a 3–0 away win. In January 2021, 19-year old Klysner once again, signed a new deal with Randers, this time until June 2024. He won his first trophy at the end of the season, as Randers beat SønderjyskE by 4–0 in the final.

#### Loan to Aalesund

On 1 September 2023, Klysner joined Norwegian Eliteserien side Aalesund on a loan deal for the rest of 2023, with a purchase option included. Klysner had barely landed in Norway before he got injured, and therefore didn't get more than three minutes of playing time in Aalesund before returning to OB at the turn of the year.

### Sønderjyske

On 25 January 2024, Klysner joined Danish 1st Division leaders Sønderjyske on a three-year contract.

## Honours

Randers
* Danish Cup: 2020–21
# Niyangoda

Niyangoda is a village in Sri Lanka. It is located within Central Province.
# James W. Byrd

James W. Byrd (born March 14, 1954) is an American politician and former Democratic member of the Wyoming House of Representatives, representing the 44th district from 2009 to 2019. His mother, Harriet Elizabeth Byrd previously held the same seat from 1980 to 1988, and was the first African-American to serve in the Wyoming State Legislature. Byrd retired from his House of Representatives seat to run for Wyoming Secretary of State shortly after Republican incumbent Ed Murray resigned, but lost the November 2018 election to Murray's successor Edward Buchanan.
# Air Cuan Dubh Drilseach

Air Cuan Dubh Drilseach is a science fiction novel written in Scottish Gaelic by Tim Armstrong and published by CLÀR in 2013. Air Cuan Dubh Drilseach is the first hard science-fiction novel in Gaelic written for adults. The story combines elements of space opera, dark cyberpunk, romance and rock-band road-trip adventure. The central conceit of the novel is that in space, everyone speaks Gaelic, allowing the author to create an entirely Gaelic-speaking world for the characters.

## Launch

Air Cuan Dubh Drilseach was launched at a series of events in three separate locations: at the Aye Write book festival in Glasgow with Aonghas 'Dubh' MacNeacail presiding; at two punk rock gigs on the same day in Edinburgh; and at Sabhal Mòr Ostaig on the Isle of Skye at an event also marking the launch of Meg Bateman's new book of poetry, Transparencies. The book was launched in Edinburgh through a collaboration between CLÀR and anarcho-punk band Oi Polloi at two all-Scottish-Gaelic gig events on Saturday 27 April 2013, at Elvis Shakespeare on Leith Walk and on The Cruz Boat at the Shore in Leith. The (now legendary amongst the Leith community) Leith Walk gig took place while Hibernian F.C. played out a 3–3 draw against St. Mirren F.C., inadvertently diverting police resources at a crucial time and allowing the anarcho-punk, Oi!, punk rock, street celebration to continue uninhibited, proving a significant landmark in Gaelic culture.

## Reception

The reaction to the novel has been largely positive. Aonghas 'Dubh' MacNeacail has described the novel as a "great step forward on many levels" for Gaelic fiction and Ruairidh MacIlleathain described the novel as a strong story and "a milestone in Gaelic literature". Moray Watson, reviewing in Northwords Now, while critical of some aspects of the plot, was generally positive, calling it an "impressive debut", and Raghnall MacIlleDhuibh (Ronald Black), reviewing in the Scotsman newspaper, wrote that he would include Air Cuan Dubh Drilseach "among the best half-dozen Gaelic novels ever published." In 2016, Air Cuan Dubh Drilseach was selected by Scot Lit Fest as one of the five most important Gaelic novels of all time.

## Saltire Society Literary Awards 2013

In October 2013, Air Cuan Dubh Drilseach was shortlisted for the Saltire Society 2013 First Book of the Year Award, along with work from Malcolm MacKay (Mantle), Eunice Buchanan (Kettillonia), Vicky Jarrett (Linen Press) and Kellan MacInnes (Luath Press). Air Cuan Dubh Drilseach went on to win the award, along with As Far as I Can See by Eunice Buchanan.

## Translation

An Irish-language translation was published by Leabhar Breac in 2020. Tinte na Farraige Duibhe was translated by Eoin P. Ó Murchú.
# Mum's the word

Mum's the word is a popular English idiom. It is related to an expression used by William Shakespeare, in Henry VI, Part 2.
The word "mum" is an alteration of momme, which was used between 1350 and 1400 in Middle English with very close to the same meaning, "be silent; do not reveal".

## Meaning

"Mum's the word" means to keep silent or quiet.
Mum is a Middle English word meaning 'silent', and may be derived from the mummer who acts without speaking. Note the similar English word "mime" (Old English "mīma", Latin "mimus") meaning silent actor or imitator.

## Origin

The origins of the phrase can be traced back to the fourteenth century and William Langland's narrative poem, Piers Plowman:
   Thou mightest beter meten the myst on Malverne hulles Then geten a mom of heore mouth til moneye weore schewed!
It can also be seen in popular fifteenth-century Towneley Plays:
   Though thi lyppis be stokyn, yit myght thou say 'mum'.
The phrase notably appears in Shakespeare's Henry VI, Part 2, Act 1, Scene 2:
   Seal up your lips and give no words but mum.
# Ken Maynard (cartoonist)

Ken Maynard (born Albury, New South Wales in 1928 – died 29 September 1998 Gold Coast, Queensland) was an Australian cartoonist.
Maynard had an older sister, Florence, and a younger brother, Thomas.
Originally a police officer, Maynard got his break as a cartoonist in 1958 contributing his Ettamogah Pub cartoons to the Australasian Post. They became a main feature of the magazine and his cartoons were run until its last edition.
These cartoons were the inspiration for a chain of Ettamogah Pubs throughout Australia. There are Ettamogah Pubs in Sydney, Albury-Wodonga, and Cunderdin.
Maynard died on 29 September 1998 due to liver cancer.
# Geoff Pryor

Geoffrey Pryor (born 1944 in Canberra) is a retired Australian political cartoonist. He was the editorial cartoonist for The Canberra Times newspaper between 1978 and 2008. During this 30-year career, Pryor generally drew seven cartoons per week for the newspaper. Pryor's style was influenced by his predecessor at The Canberra Times, Larry Pickering. His graphic style is ornate, much more detailed and portrait-like than that of such contemporaries as Patrick Cook. He was cartoonist for The Saturday Paper until his "second retirement" in December 2018.

## Reference sources

* Portrait of Geoff Pryor, cartoonist by Virginia Wallace-Crabbe, 1997
* Interview with Geoff Pryor, cartoonist (sound recording) interviewed by Ann Turner, 1998
# Stewart McCrae

Stewart McCrae (1919 – 5 June 2008) was an Australian cartoonist who contributed to the Brisbane Courier Mail newspaper and bulletin. For the Argus (Melbourne) he published the cartoon Nicky & Graham.
# Schattendorf

Schattendorf (Croatian: Šundrof, Hungarian: Somfalva) is a town in the district of Mattersburg in the Austrian state of Burgenland.
The Rosalia-Kogelberg nature preserve lies within the district.

## History

This district was a part of the pre-Christian Celtic Kingdom Noricum and was in the vicinity of the settlement Hoehensiedlung Burg on the Burgberg, a 600 meter tall mountain in Austria. Later, in the Roman Empire, the area was part of the province Pannonia. The town, along with the entire Burgenland, belonged to Hungary (German West Hungary) until 1920/21. Since 1898, the Hungarian name for the town, Somfalva, was used as a result of the Magyarization policies of the government in Budapest. After the end of the World War I, German West Hungary was awarded to Austria after tough negotiations. In 1921, the town became part of the newly founded federal state Burgenland
On 30 January 1927 a small number of armed members of the right-wing Frontkämpfervereinigung were involved in a confrontation with a much larger group of unarmed members of the left-wing Republikanischer Schutzbund. The Frontkämpfervereinigung activists opened fire and killed an adult and a six-year-old boy. When they were found not guilty on grounds of self-defence by a jury, the socialists organised a general strike which led to the July Revolt of 1927.
# Chamarande

Chamarande (French pronunciation: ) is a commune of Essonne department in the southern suburbs of Paris.
Inhabitants of Chamarande are known as Chamarandais.

## History

Initially, this village was named Bonnes. In 1685, d'Ornaison family, the owner of the village and its château, gained permission from the French king to change the name to Chamarande. A later owner, the Duc de Persigny, was Minister of the Interior under Napoléon III and a financial backer of the building of the Paris-Orléans rail station in the village, today an RER C station.

## Geography

The Juine forms the commune's eastern border.