OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nantong University

Nantong University (南通大学) is a provincial public university in Nantong, Jiangsu, China. It is affiliated with the Province of Jiangsu and co-funded by the Jiangsu Provincial People's Government and the Ministry of Transport.
The university's earliest predecessor was established in 1912. It occupies 4,000 acres and have 800 thousand square meters used for school buildings.
Nantong is comprehensive university constructed by Jiangsu Provincial Government and the state Ministry of Transport. It is composed of three parts, Nantong Medical College, Nantong Engineering College and Nantong Normal College and has four campuses: the new campus, Qixiu campus, Zhongxiu campus and Qidong campus.
The enrollment is nearly 34 thousand full-time students, among whom 1,550 are graduates and 300 are oversea students. The university has 84 undergraduate programs based on nine major disciplines, which are literature, science, engineering, medical science, education, economics, law, history and management.
The Nantong University is accredited and approved by MCI (Medical Council of India) and WHO (World Health Organization).

## Vision and Mission

The Nantong University's motto is to Bridging China and the West, Striving for the Best and The Mission of the university is to be the Learning Must be Expected to Be Used, and the Use Must be Suitable for Its Local Community, and the value of University is Beautiful Morality and Pure Science.

## Facts and figures

* Undergraduates: - About 40,000
* Postgraduates: - About 2700
* Overseas Students with Academic Degrees: - 750
* Affiliated Hospital: - 1
* Undergraduate Program: - 106
* Doctor Station: - 3
* Doctoral Degree Programs of Level I Academic Disciplines: - 3
* Master's degree Programs of Level I Academic Disciplines: - 22
* Majors For Professionals master's degree: - 12
* Cuaa.Net Rankings (Universities in China): - 100
* Faculty & Staff: - 3,152
* Senior Faculty: - 1,549

## Schools

* School of Mechanical Engineering
* School of International Education
* School of Chinese Culture and Literature
* School of Foreign Language
* School of Medicine
* School of Pharmacy
* School of Politics
* School of Chemistry and Chemical Industry
* School of Science
* School of Art
* School of Education Science
* School of Information Science and Technology
* Institute of Traffic
# Vaidotas

Vaidotas (fl. 1362) was a son of Kęstutis, Grand Duke of Lithuania. In reliable historical sources he is mentioned only twice: as defender of Kaunas Castle in 1362 and as ruler of Navahrudak. Due to very limited information, his life is subject to wide-ranging theories by historians.

## Historical mentions

According to the chronicles of Wigand of Marburg, he was the commander of the garrison of the newly built Kaunas Castle during the three-week siege in April 1362. After strong resistance the castle was taken over and then destroyed. Vaidotas with 36 men tried to break through, but was taken prisoner. The defeat was one of the largest and important military victories of the Teutonic Knights in the 14th century against Lithuania.
In a 1401 document his brother Grand Duke Vytautas wrote that some years before Vaidotas and his brother Tautvilas Kęstutaitis were given to rule Navahrudak equally, but it is unclear when that occurred. Historians proposed 1365 as the most likely date.

## Interpretations

Because of very limited historical sources, Vaidotas is sometimes confused with Vaidutis (Waydutte), son of Butautas and grandson of Kęstutis. Further confusion is introduced by the Bychowiec Chronicle, an unreliable chronicle from the 16th century, which claims that Vaidotas died in his youth in Lithuania. C. S. Rowell argued that Butautas and Vaidotas were the same person and their names were recorded differently because of different dialects.
In his 1999 monograph on the early Gediminids, Polish historian Jan Tęgowski [pl] provided the following biography of Vaidotas: he was the eldest son of Kęstutis and Birutė; was captured at Kaunas in 1362, but returned before 1365 and received Navahrudak; converted to Eastern Orthodoxy and was baptized as Ivan; had two sons Jerzy and Konrad; in 1384, during the Lithuanian Civil War (1381–84), accompanied Vytautas to the Teutonic Order; in 1389, visited the Order as Vytautas' envoy; died after 1390. Many of these conclusions are based on many conjectures and the assumptions that Ivan accompanying Vytautas is not Ivan Olshansky, that son Jerzy is not Jerzy Narymuntowicz [pl; ru], and that son Konrad is not Tautvilas Kęstutaitis.
# Negrón Tunnel

The Negrón Tunnel (Spanish: Túnel del Negrón) is an automotive tunnel which connects the provinces of Asturias and León in Northern Spain. The tunnel is 4,144 metres (13,596 ft) long and reaches a height of 1,229 metres (4,032 ft).
The tunnel is in the toll highway AP-66, which is part of the Autovía A-66, one of the longest highways in Spain. The tunnel provides an alternate route to the Puerto de Pajares, a mountain pass that is considered dangerous for motorists.

## History

Initially, the first roadway was planned with a cost of 19.5 million pesetas, but it rose to 70 million due to several unexpected problems in the terrain. This one was started in 1976 and gave work to 1,300 people during several years. The first of the two projected tunnels was opened in 1983 and worked provisionally as a single carriageway road.
Works ended in 1997, with the opening of the second roadway in June 1997, which had 4,144 metres (13,596 ft) length and costed 7.443m pesetas.
Since its opening, the AP-66 is the main connection between Asturias and León.
# Mount Ronayne

Mount Ronayne is a 2,290-metre (7,513-foot) summit located in the Pemberton Valley of British Columbia, Canada.

## Description

Mount Ronayne is situated in the Coast Mountains, 16 km (10 mi) north of Pemberton and 3.85 km (2 mi) west-southwest of Sun God Mountain, the nearest higher neighbor. Precipitation runoff and glacial meltwater from the mountain's north slope drains into Tenas Creek, the east slope drains to Fowl Creek, and the south slope drains to Owl Creek, all of which are tributaries of the Birkenhead River. Mount Ronayne is more notable for its steep rise above local terrain than for its absolute elevation as topographic relief is significant with the summit rising 1,000 meters (3,280 ft) above Tenas Creek in 2 km (1.2 mi), and 2,050 meters (6,725 ft) above the Lillooet River in 6 km (3.7 mi).

## Etymology

The mountain is named after John Ronayne, an Irish veteran of the Klondike Gold Rush who settled in the Pemberton Meadows area in 1906. The name was proposed by Walter Girling to honor the judge and his family who were among the early settlers in Pemberton Valley and were instrumental in advancing the interests of the Pemberton area. The mountain's toponym was officially adopted November 5, 1946, by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. John Ronayne is credited with the 1931 first ascent of nearby Sun God Mountain, and the 1935 first ascent of Mount Sampson which is further up the Pemberton Valley.

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Ronayne is located in a subarctic climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Coast Mountains where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall. As a result, the Coast Mountains experience high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. Winter temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. This climate supports small glacier remnants on the north slope. The months July through September offer the most favorable weather for climbing Mount Ronayne.

## Gallery

* Northeast aspect of Mount Ronayne viewed from Sun God Mountain
# Santa Maria di Capo di Bove

Santa Maria di Capo di Bove (literally St Mary's at the Ox's Head) was a Romanesque church in Mantua, located near the porta di San Giorgio at the outer limits of the old city. Francesco I Gonzaga had it demolished in 1395 by permission of pope Boniface IX to build his Castello di San Giorgio.
# Louis Barbe Charles Sérurier

Louis Charles Barbe Serurier (7 April 1775 Marle - 1860 Paris) was a French diplomat, and French Consul General (equivalent to an ambassador) from 1811 to 1815, and envoy from 1831 to 1835, to the United States.

## Life

He was a cousin of Jean Sérurier. He was sent first as secretary of the embassy in The Hague, then was Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the United States, Brazil, Belgium, and Holland. He was succeeded by Marie-Hippolyte de Gueulluy, 2nd Marquess of Rumigny
He was a Peer of France, Grand Officer of the Legion of Honor, Chevalier of Ordre de la Réunion and wore the Order of Leopold (Belgium).
He was buried in the 73e Division of the Père-Lachaise Cemetery, with his wife Louise Pageot Noutières (1795–1876), and Countess Maurice Sérurier, born Amelia Elle Pellerin (1839–1897), who was killed in the fire of the Bazar de la Charité.
# Terminalia petiolaris

Terminalia petiolaris, commonly known as blackberry tree or billygoat plum, or marool in the local Bardi language, is a species of plant in the family Combretaceae. It is endemic to the coast of the Kimberley region of northern Western Australia.

## Description

It grows as a small, deciduous tree up to 15 m in height with rough, grey bark. It produces strongly scented, cream-white flowers from February to May, and November to December. It has edible fruits, purple when ripe.

## Distribution and habitat

It occurs on sandy soils, often in vine thickets. It is found in the Dampierland and Northern Kimberley IBRA bioregions.
# Anthony Grafftey-Smith

Sir Anthony Paul Grafftey-Smith, CBE, TD (1903–1960), born Anthony Paul Grafftey Smith, was a British central banker. He joined the Bank of England in 1923, becoming Assistant Principal of the Discount of Office in 1938. During the Second World War, he served with the British Army and became chief financial officer of the Allied Commission for Italy. After the war, he became Acting Adviser to the Governors in 1947 and Deputy Chief Cashier in 1948.
In 1952, he left the Bank of England and became Financial Adviser to the Government of Southern Rhodesia. He was the first head of the Bank of Rhodesia and Nyasaland until his death in 1960, aged 57.
He was knighted in the 1960 New Year Honours.
# Big Robot

Big Robot was a UK company that specialised in developing computer games, registered in Halstead, England. The company was started by Jim Rossignol in 2010.

## History

AVSEQ was released in 2011, Fallen City is in the final bug-testing phase prior to release, while currently under development is Lodestone (on hold). Sir, You Are Being Hunted was released in 2014.
The developer's website went down in 2019 and the developer was inactive some time after early 2022.

## Games
### AVSEQ

The name comes from combining audio and visual (audio-visual) with "sequencer". Game play is abstract in nature, and revolves around linking "atom" structures together to gain points. This also unlocks musical notes and activates that level's audio sequencer. The developers claim that "Each AVSEQ level has 2.2300745198530623×10^43 possible audio permutations".

### Fallen City

This game is about rebuilding a city which has fallen into decay, which came from an idea by Rossignol that was put to Channel 4 in 2010, and was commissioned by Channel 4 Education. The game aims to educate children, by showing them how persuading people to clean up and repair can raise morale and improve the behaviour of citizens.
The game is played in the first person, the player being able to walk through the city and persuade the citizens, who are known as "Angries", to repair it, clean it up, and rebuild. The Angries change colour according to their mood, purple being the ultimate state of anger and despair. Completing certain tasks gives the Angries extra powers, such as the ability to create street art, and certain infrastructure repairs improve the areas communications and give the community new systems for their benefit. Keith Stuart of The Guardian described some of these—"Reactivating a communications tower will get the word out about clean-up efforts, [...] the trade plaza represents commerce and a system that pumps curry into every home is a great allegory for everyday utilities."
Rossignol says that Fallen City is based around the "broken windows theory" of James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling, which says that keeping an area in good-repair changes a populations outlook and so prevents further vandalism and prevents a descent into more serious crimes. In an interview in The Guardian, Rossignol states that "The reason the Angries have trashed their city is because they have been promised too much by the people in charge; the promises haven't been fulfilled and they've ended up feeling frustrated and alienated. So they've deliberately trashed the city – to get what they were promised."

### Lodestone

Lodestone is an exploration game, the purpose of which is to survive a journey through magnetic islands and the game environment, populated with artificial lifeforms. The game has been put on hold while the company develops its fourth game – Sir, You Are Being Hunted.

### Sir, You Are Being Hunted

Created using the Unity game engine. A Kickstarter pledge drive to fund completion of the game was launched on 2 November 2012.

### The Signal From Tölva

A science fiction first-person shooter made with the Unity game engine released in 2017.
# Ron Meagher

Ron Meagher (born October 2, 1941) is an American musician, best known as the bassist of the rock band The Beau Brummels.

## The Beau Brummels

When guitarist-songwriter Ron Elliott was putting the band together in 1964, he asked a friend, Kay Dane, if she knew any good bass players. Dane recommended Meagher, but cautioned, "He's kind of weird. He has long hair!" After joining the band, Meagher proved to be important to the band's image, as he was one of the first American rock musicians with Beatlesque hair. In addition to providing backing vocals, Meagher sang lead on occasion, as on "They'll Make You Cry," a song from the band's 1965 debut album, Introducing the Beau Brummels. Meagher appeared with the band in the 1965 science-fiction/comedy movie Village of the Giants, which was featured in a 1994 episode of Mystery Science Theater 3000. He remained with the band as it reduced from a quintet to a trio by 1967's critically acclaimed album Triangle.
During the recording of the band's next album, 1968's Bradley's Barn, Meagher was drafted, becoming one of the few musicians from a well-known rock band to serve in the military at the height of the Vietnam War. Over the next three decades, Meagher has also participated in several Beau Brummels revivals, most notably in the mid-1970s when the band released a 1975 self-titled reunion album. After he was discharged two years later, Meagher played in the Black Velvet Band with former Beau Brummels bandmate Declan Mulligan.
# Ubuntu Budgie

Ubuntu Budgie is an official community flavor of Ubuntu. It combines the Ubuntu-based system with the independently developed Budgie desktop environment.

## History

Ubuntu Budgie started out as an unofficial community flavor in parallel with Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, referred to as "budgie-remix". budgie-remix 16.10 was later released by strictly following the time frame issued for Ubuntu 16.10.
It was eventually recognized as an official community flavor of Ubuntu, and was rebranded as Ubuntu Budgie.
In November 2017, Vincenzo Bovino was hired as the new brand and PR Manager.
Ubuntu Budgie 17.04 was released in April 2017, and was updated to version 17.10 in October 2017.
32-bit support was deprecated from Ubuntu Budgie and Ubuntu MATE with the 18.10 release.

## Releases

| Current release | Release no longer supported | Release still supported | Future release |
| Version | Codename | Release date | Supported until | Remarks | Kernel version |
| 16.04 LTS | Xenial Xerus | 2016-04-25 | 2018-08 | First release, branded budgie-remix | 4.10 (16.04.3) |
| 16.10 | Yakkety Yak | 2016-10-16 | 2017-07- 20 | | 4.8 |
| 17.04 | Zesty Zapus | 2017-04-11 | 2018-01 | First release after rename to Ubuntu Budgie following recognition as an official Ubuntu flavor | 4.10 |
| 17.10 | Artful Aardvark | 2017-10-19 | 2018-07 | | 4.13 |
| 17.10.1 | Artful Aardvark | 2018-01-12 | 2018-07 | Re-release due to the original Ubuntu 17.10 ISO images getting pulled due to a bug that messed up some BIOSes | 4.13 |
| 18.04 LTS | Bionic Beaver | 2018-04-26 | 2021-04 | First long-term support release as an official Ubuntu flavor | 4.15 |
| 18.10 | Cosmic Cuttlefish | 2018-10-18 | 2019-07 | | 4.18 |
| 19.04 | Disco Dingo | 2019-04-18 | 2020-01 | Better graphics support with Mesa 19.0 | 5.0 |
| 19.10 | Eoan Ermine | 2019-10-17 | 2020-07 | | 5.3 |
| 20.04 LTS | Focal Fossa | 2020-04-23 | 2023-04 | | 5.4 |
| 20.10 | Groovy Gorilla | 2020-10-22 | 2021-07 | | 5.8 |
| 21.04 | Hirsute Hippo | 2021-04-22 | 2022-01 | | 5.11 |
| 21.10 | Impish Indri | 2021-10-14 | 2022-07 | | 5.13 |
| 22.04 LTS | Jammy Jellyfish | 2022-04-21 | 2025-04 | | 5.15 |
| 22.10 | Kinetic Kudu | 2022-10-20 | 2023-07 | | 5.19 |
| 23.04 | Lunar Lobster | 2023-04-11 | 2024-01 | | 6.2 |
| 23.10 | Mantic Minotaur | 2023-10-12 | 2024-07 | | 6.5 |
| 24.04 LTS | Noble Numbat | 2024-04-25 | 2027-04 | | 6.8 |
| 24.10 | Oracular Oriole | 2024-10-07 | 2025-07 | | 6.11 |
# Pedro Porter Casanate

Pedro Porter y Casanate (April 30, 1611 – February 27, 1662) was a Spanish Navy officer, explorer and colonial administrator who served as the Royal Governor of Chile from 1656 to 1662.

## Early life

Porter was born in Zaragoza, the second son of Juan Porter and Esperanza Casanate. In 1627, he joined the Spanish Navy, and under Admiral Fadrique de Toledo participated in the expedition against La Rochelle. The year after, he joined the fleet of Admiral Francisco de Vallecilla, charged with protecting the silver galleons from pirate attacks. In 1629, he travelled to the new world for the first time and participated in the Battle of St. Kitts. He proceeded to take part in several conflicts in his time and in numerous naval expeditions in the Indies, as a consequence of which he was promoted to alférez in 1631, and sea captain in 1634. The same year, he published his first book on naval themes, the Correction to mistakes of the Spanish navigation (Spanish: Reparo a errores de la navegación española).
Later he would become an admiral of the South Seas fleet. He was knight of the Order of Santiago.

## Explorations

In 1635, he applied for and got from the Viceroy of New Spain marquis de Cerralvo a license to explore California, a territory that although located within the borders of the Spanish Empire was unknown whether it was an island or peninsula. Nonetheless, problems and suspicions about his intentions led to the confiscation of his ships. In 1636, he tried again, this time with the license and economic sponsorship of Viceroy marquis de Cadereyta.
In 1643 king Philip IV relieved him from his position in the Navy, ordering him to explore California. That same year he left from Cadiz for Cartagena de Indias, from where he left for Veracruz, and crossing the continent he arrived on the west coast of Mexico; where he would remain until 1649, exploring and colonizing the area of the Gulf of California.
Considered as an expert in naval matters, his treatises were appreciated at the time. Among them were: Diccionario náutico, Hidrografía general, Arte de navegar.

## Governor of Chile

In 1656 he was designated as governor of the Captaincy General of Chile, in whose functions he took part in the Arauco War against the Mapuche rebels. During his government he founded the fortress of San Miguel Arcángel de Colcura, built southeast of the modern city of Lota on the site of the old Fort Colcura in the valley of Colcura. He would remain in this position until his death in 1662 in Concepción due to edema.
# Philadelphia Virtuosi Chamber Orchestra

The Philadelphia Virtuosi Chamber Orchestra (PVCO) is a chamber orchestra that is located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was founded in 1991 by Daniel Spalding.

## History and notable features

Composed of some of the Philadelphia region’s foremost musicians, the Philadelphia Virtuosi Chamber Orchestra was founded in 1991 by music director and conductor Daniel Spalding. Under his baton, the orchestra has performed numerous concerts in Center City Philadelphia, as well as in unusual venues throughout the region designed to reach new audiences.
The orchestra’s repertoire spans the Baroque to Modern eras. Programs often include new discoveries of less-known works, world premieres, and arrangements written especially for the Philadelphia Virtuosi, as well as standard repertoire, sometimes performed with creative visual effects such as special lighting or stage movement.
Since 1996, the Philadelphia Virtuosi has been in demand outside of its home city and is often on the road. The orchestra has performed at New York’s Lincoln Center, Weill Hall at Carnegie Hall, Columbia University’s Miller Theater, the Getty Museum in Los Angeles, the Kravis Center in West Palm Beach, Colorado’s Vilar Center, the Bermuda Festival, and on three extensive tours to South America.
In 2010, this ensemble made its debut in Mexico and in Europe at the Nomus International Festival in Serbia. In November 2014, the orchestra toured Russia, presenting sold out performances at Moscow’s Tchaikovsky Hall and Saint Petersburg’s Mariinsky Theater, where Spalding's pianist partner Gabriela Imreh often accompanied the orchestra.
The Philadelphia Virtuosi Chamber Orchestra is also known for its series of recordings on Connoisseur Society, Arabesque, New World Records, New Ariel, and on Naxos. Its recording of the music of American composer George Antheil for the Naxos American Classics Series (including the enigmatic Ballet Mecanique) was the Editor’s Choice for Gramophone, chosen as CD of the week by BBC Radio 3 and the London Observer, and as one of the top 10 classical CDs of 2001 by the Chicago Tribune. A best-selling album in the United Kingdom, it was also among the best-selling CDs of Naxos in the United States.
Its CD of American composer Howard Hanson, also for Naxos, received the Third Annual Writers’ Choice Award for Best CD in 2006 from Positive Feedback Online, and a second CD of the music of George Antheil for New World Records also received positive reviews from the world press. PVCO’s most recent recording features world premieres of several works by American composer Jeffrey Jacob.

### Listening

* Art of the States: Philadelphia Virtuosi Chamber Orchestra
# Cosmos longipetiolatus

Cosmos longipetiolatus is a Mexican species of plants in the family Asteraceae. It has been found only in the state of Jalisco in southern Mexico.
Cosmos longipetiolatus is a branching perennial, producing thick, tuberous roots underground. Leaves are highly divided into many small lobes and leaflets. Each plant produces numerous flower heads, with purple or lavender ray florets and yellow disc florets.