OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Zhi-Ming Ma

Zhi-Ming Ma. (Chinese: 馬志明; pinyin: Zhi-Ming Ma) is a Chinese mathematics professor of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Ma is a former Vice Chairman of the Executive Committee for International Mathematical Union., a two times president of Chinese Mathematical Society, an elected member of World Academy of Sciences and the Chairman of Graduate Degree Committee of Academy of Math and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

## Biography

Ma was born in January, 1948 at Chengdu, Sichuan while Jiaocheng County in Shanxi Province was his native origin. He obtained his first degree in Mathematics from Chongqing Normal University in 1978. In 1981, he received his Master's degree from China Science and Technology University, Graduate School of Science Beijing Municipality. In 1984 he received his doctorate degree in Applied Mathematics from Chinese Academy of Sciences.

## Contributions

Ma's contribution in the theory of Dirichlet forms and Markov processes brought an end to a twenty years puzzle in the field. Ma and his team discovered a new framework of quasi-regular Dirichlet forms which correspond to right processes in one-to-one manner. His book, written in collaboration with Michael Rockner, An Introduction to the Theory of (Non-symmetric) Dirichlet Forms, has become a notable text in this field. His work on the proof of the Feynman-Kac probabilistic representation of mixed boundary problems of Schrodinger operators with measure-valued potentials is an important contribution to the theory of the Schrodinger equation.

## Selected publications

* Zhi-Ming Ma, M. Röckner Introduction to the theory of (non-symmetric) Dirichlet forms.1 November 1992
* Guan, QY., Ma, ZM. Reflected Symmetric α-Stable Processes and Regional Fractional Laplacian. Probab. Theory Relat. Fields 134, 649–694 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00440-005-0438-3
* Albeverio, Sergio, Ma, Zhiming Additive functionals, nowhere Radon and Kato class smooth measures associated with Dirichlet forms. https://doi.org/10.18910/8386

## Awards

Ma's contributions to science have led to his recognition with various awards including; the First Class Prize for Natural Sciences by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Max-Planck Research Award by the Max-Planck Society and Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, the Chinese National Natural Sciences Prize, the Shiing Shen. Chern Mathematics Prize, the Qiu-Shi Outstanding Young Scholars Prize, the He-Liang-He-Li Sciences and Technology Progress Prize，and the Hua Loo-Keng Mathematics Prize.

## Memberships

Ma is a member of different recognised scientific organisations. He was elected as an Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1995 and he became a fellow of the Third World Academy of Sciences in 1999. He was the Chairman of the organizing committee for the International Congress of Mathematicians that was held in Beijing (2002). He was elected as a member of the Executive Committee for International Mathematical Union in 2003 and he became the Vice president in 2007. He was elected as a member of Chinese Mathematical Society and he became the president in 2003.
# Paranisopodus

Paranisopodus is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae. It occurs in South America and southern Central America (Costa Rica, Panama).

## Species

There are 11 recognized species:
* Paranisopodus acutus (Thomson, 1865)
* Paranisopodus amoenus Monné & Monné, 2017
* Paranisopodus antonkozlovi Nascimento & Santos-Silva, 2019
* Paranisopodus araguaensis Monne & Monne, 2007
* Paranisopodus genieri Monne & Monne, 2007
* Paranisopodus granulosus Monne & Monne, 2007
* Paranisopodus heterotarsus Monné & Martins, 1976
* Paranisopodus hovorei Monne & Monne, 2007
* Paranisopodus paradoxus Monné & Martins, 1976
* Paranisopodus peruanus Monne & Monne, 2007
* Paranisopodus thalassinus Santos-Silva & Devesa, 2021
# Julien Aubert

Julien Aubert (French pronunciation:; born 11 June 1978) is a French politician and civil servant who represented the 5th constituency of the Vaucluse department in the National Assembly from 2012 to 2022. A member of The Republicans (LR) and its predecessor parties, he ran for the party's leadership in the 2019 election, in which he placed second behind Christian Jacob. In 2017, Aubert launched his own political movement and think tank, Oser la France (Dare France).

## Political career

A magistrate at the Court of Audit by occupation, Aubert was elected to Parliament in the 2012 legislative election for the newly-created 5th constituency of Vaucluse. Following the 2015 regional election, he was also inaugurated as a regional councillor of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. He served one term in the Regional Council of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur until 27 June 2021. Aubert held one of the council's vice presidencies from 13 December 2015 to 18 June 2017 under Christian Estrosi and Renaud Muselier.
Aubert served as deputy secretary-general of The Republicans from 13 December 2017 to 23 October 2019 under the leadership of Laurent Wauquiez. He placed second in the 2019 The Republicans leadership election, in which he ran to the right of winner Christian Jacob.
He lost his seat in the 2022 French legislative election to Jean-François Lovisolo of Ensemble.
# Yeezy

Yeezy may refer to:
* Kanye West (legally Ye), whose nickname is Yeezy
** Yeezy (brand), or YZY, a brand owned by West
** Adidas Yeezy, a former fashion collaboration between Adidas and West
** Nike Air Yeezy, a former fashion collaboration between Nike and West
** Yeezy Gap, a former fashion collaboration between Gap and West
* "Yeezy" (song), by Anuel AA, 2016
# Howard Engel

Howard Engel CM (April 2, 1931 – July 16, 2019) was a Canadian mystery author and CBC producer who resided in Toronto, Ontario. He was famous for his Benny Cooperman detective series, set in the Niagara Region in and around the city of Grantham, Ontario, mirroring St. Catharines, Ontario, where he was born. He was one of the founding authors of Crime Writers of Canada in 1982.

## Personal life

From 1962 to 1978 he was married to Marian Engel, a noted Canadian author of literary fiction, who died in 1985. They had two children, twins Charlotte and William, born in 1965. Charlotte currently is an independent television producer. Engel married Canadian novelist Janet Hamilton. The couple have one son, Jacob Engel, born in 1989.
In 2001, he unknowingly suffered a stroke that left him with alexia sine agraphia, a condition that prevented him from understanding written words without a major effort without affecting his ability to write. He was later able to write a new novel, Memory Book (2005), in which his character Benny Cooperman suffers a blow to the head and is similarly affected. He later published The Man Who Forgot How To Read (2007), a memoir of the time he spent recovering from the stroke, with an afterword by Oliver Sacks (who wrote about Engel's reading problems in the book The Mind's Eye), and another novel, East of Suez, in 2008.
In February 2007, Engel was appointed a Member of the Order of Canada, receiving it at the 100th investiture. In 2013, Engel received a Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee medal. He died in Toronto on July 16, 2019, of pneumonia that arose from a stroke, at the age of 88.
# Éric Diard

Éric Diard (born 21 July 1965) is a French politician who represented the 12th constituency of the Bouches-du-Rhône department in the National Assembly from 2002 to 2012 and again from 2017 to 2022. A member of The Republicans (LR), he was Mayor of Sausset-les-Pins from 2001 to 2017. As a Member of Parliament, Diard led a parliamentary investigation into Islamic radicalisation in French security services.
# Kranji

Kranji is a suburb in northwestern Singapore, bounded by Sungei Kadut to the north, Turf Club to the east, as well as Lim Chu Kang and the Western Water Catchment to the west.
It is located about 22 kilometres (14 mi) from the city centre and its name came from the Malay word "Buah Keranji" due to pronunciation by local Malay, it became "Kranji".

## Etymology

Kranji is named after a local tree, pokok kranji or keranji (Malay for Dialium indum, velvet tamarind tree).

## History

Kranji served as a military camp before the Japanese invasion of Singapore in 1942, and is now the site of the Kranji War Cemetery and Kranji War Memorial, commemorating the 30,000 Commonwealth personnel who died in Singapore, Malaya, Java and Sumatra during World War II.
In addition, it is now a prime residential area comprising mostly stand-alone properties. There are no towering apartment blocks, unlike most suburbs of Singapore. It is also an industrial area.

## Highlights

The Singapore Turf Club operates Kranji Racecourse, the only horse racing race course in Singapore. It is located next to the Kranji MRT station.
There is also a reservoir known as Kranji Reservoir, which was formed by the damming of the Kranji River.
Bollywood Veggies is an organic farming collective and information centre open Wednesdays - Sundays.

## Transportation

In 1903, the Singapore-Kranji Railway was launched with four stations, running from Tank Road to Kranji.
It is connected to Kranji MRT station and is one of the main boarding and alighting stops to and from Johor Bahru for Bus Service 160 and 170/X.
# Ghantapada

Ghantapada is a census town in Talcher of Angul district in the state of Odisha, India.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Ghantapada had a population of 15,587. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Ghantapada has an average literacy rate of 71%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 78%, and female literacy is 63%. In Ghantapada, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.
# Peter Jacques

Peter Jacques (born 29 March 1973) is an English professional darts player who competes in events of the Professional Darts Corporation (PDC).

## Career

Jacques works at the Royal Mail.

### 2017

He attempted to win a PDC Tour Card at Q-School, but after putting himself in a good position after three days, he did not appear for the fourth day, and subsequently did not receive a card.
He made the final of the first Players Championship event of 2017 in Barnsley, but lost the final to Alan Norris 6–1.
In May 2017, Jacques won a PDC Challenge Tour event, defeating Wayne Jones 5–4 in the final. He would win another Challenge Tour event in September, again defeating Jones, this time 5–2.
He acquired the nickname "The Terrier" late in 2017, sharing the nickname of the football team he supports, Huddersfield Town.
In 2017 Jacques hit a nine dart finish in the Coral UK Qualifier fourth round.

### 2019

Jacques hit a nine darter at the 2019 PDC Unicorn Challenge Tour Event 4.

### 2022

In 2022 Peter Jacques took part in the Modus Super Series. He won Week 11 beating Robert Thornton & Martin Adams along the way. He took part in finals week on 17 October 2022.

### 2023

Jacques played on the World Darts Federation circuit in 2023. He suffered first round defeat to Alan Boyd 4–3 at the British Classic. On the same weekend as the British Classic Jacques was the runner-up at the British Open, losing to Luke Littler 5–2 in the final.

## World Championship results
### PDC

* 2018: First round (lost to Kyle Anderson 1–3)
# Bill Francis (baseball)

William Henry Francis (February 28, 1879 – January 26, 1942) was a Negro leagues Third baseman for a few years before the founding of the first Negro National League, and in its first few seasons.
He was playing for the Philadelphia Giants at the age of 27 years in 1906, and continued with that team until 1910, playing Winter Ball for the Matanzas team in Cuba in 1908 and 1909.
Francis went to the Leland Giants in 1911 and stayed there for three seasons. He went back to Cuba, playing for Club Fé in 1912-1913.
During a 1914 four-game series against the Chicago Giants, sportswriter Cary B. Lewis said of Francis, "Although short, Francis runs like a deer." Sources show Lewis stood 5 foot, 5 inches tall.
In 1918, 39 year-old Francis registered for the WWI Draft. He lists his current occupation as "Laborer" for the Illinois Plating Company on Randolph Street in Chicago, Illinois. He lists his nearest relative as Mamie Francis.
When Francis left Chicago in 1919, he played the rest of the season for the Detroit Stars.
At the forming of the first Negro National League, the 41-year-old Francis found himself on the Hilldale Club where he would also manage the team.
Francis died in Chicago, Illinois at the age of 62. He is buried at Lincoln Cemetery in Blue Island, Illinois.
# Eddie Huff

Edward Coleman Huff Jr. (December 7, 1902 – January 8, 1936) was an American Negro league catcher and manager in the 1920s.
A native of Georgia, Huff attended Wilberforce University. He made his Negro leagues debut in 1922 with the Indianapolis ABCs, and played for the Bacharach Giants the following season. Huff served as player-manager of the Dayton Marcos in 1926. He died in an accident in Dayton on January 8, 1936.
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Grass Valley

The Diocese of Grass Valley (Latin: Dioecesis Vallispratensis) now a titular see, was formerly a residential Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church located in northeastern California, United States. The diocese also included most of Nevada, and, early in its history, Utah and part of Colorado.

## History

The particular church that became the Diocese of Grass Valley was erected in by Pope Pius IX in 1860 as the Vicariate Apostolic of Marysville from territory formerly belonging to the Archdiocese of San Francisco, of which it was a suffragan see. In 1868, the see city was changed to Grass Valley, and the vicariate was renamed and elevated by Pius IX to a diocese.
St. Joseph Church in Marysville served as the pro-cathedral of the vicarate. When the vicarate was elevated to a diocese, Bishop Eugene O'Connell resisted the change of see city to Grass Valley, and continued using St. Joseph's as his pro-cathedral. St. Patrick Cathedral in Grass Valley was the official cathedral approved by the Vatican.
The diocese served the large mining population in the Sierra Nevada during the California Gold Rush. By 1886, commercial mining in the Gold Country had slowed considerably, significantly reducing the population in the area, and the diocese was suppressed. Much of its territory became part of the Diocese of Sacramento.

## Second diocesan bishop

On July 27, 1880 Bishop Patrick Manogue was appointed as coadjutor bishop of the Grass Valley Diocese. On May 24, 1884, Manogue succeeded O’Connell as the second and last diocesan bishop of Grass Valley. Manogue served two years as the final diocesan bishop.

## Suppression of diocese

On May 28, 1886 this diocese was suppressed when the Diocese of Sacramento was erected. Manogue became its founding bishop and in effect the second bishop of the Sacramento diocese.

## Restoration

In 1997, Pope John Paul II restored the see as a titular see. The current titular bishop of Grass Valley is Christie Macaluso, an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Hartford.

## Ordinaries
### Vicar Apostolic of Marysville

* Eugene O'Connell (1860–1868)

### Bishop of Grass Valley

* Eugene O’Connell (1868–1884)
* Patrick Manogue (1884–1886)

### Titular Bishop of Grass Valley

* Christie Macaluso (1997–present)
# Bill Handy

William Oscar Handy (November 1, 1888 – April 8, 1945) was an American Negro league second baseman between 1911 and 1921.

## Early life and career

A native of New Orleans, Louisiana, Handy made his Negro leagues debut in 1911 with the Brooklyn Royal Giants. He played with Brooklyn through 1914, then spent time with the St. Louis Giants before returning to Brooklyn in 1916. Handy went on to spend five seasons with the Bacharach Giants from 1917 to 1921. He died in New Orleans in 1945 at age 56.
# Hohensalzburg head

The Hohensalzburg head is a Celtic marble head which was spolia in Hohensalzburg Fortress, Salzburg in Austria until 1956. The head is tentatively dated to the 1st century AD.

## Discovery

The head was first known as spolia, built into the wall above the Rosspforte (lit., "horse gate") of Hohensalzburg Fortress. It was known here as the Romerkopf (lit., "Roman head"). It was removed in 1956 during repairs and put on display in another room of the castle. The head is currently in the collection of Salzburg Museum.

## Description

The head is carved from local Untersberg marble. The total height of the block is around 50 cm and the height of the head is 17 cm. The pedestal-like lower part of the stone suggests that this head once surmounted a herm or pillar.
The head is male and life-sized. The cheeks are hollow. The nose, which comes down from the brows, is wedge-shaped except for two flared nostrils. The chin is rounded and broad. The eyes are protruding and oval, with pupils indented. The mouth is peculiarly twisted, like a circumflex. In place of hair, crowning the head, are deep, vertical ridges in a wave-like pattern.$^{:232}$

## Interpretation

Several features identify this head as Celtic: the oval eyes, wedge nose, and hollow cheeks. In the circumflex mouth and almost flat chin, the Hohensalzburg head can be compared to the Janus head from Roquepertuse.$^{:231}$ The wave-like pattern on the head has been interpreted by T. G. E. Powell as hair, and likened to the much more detailed pattern on one head from Entremont.$^{:231–232}$ Kurt Willvonseder [de] interprets this pattern as a knit cap and compares it to a figure on the Gundestrup cauldron.
One question with regards to the Hohensalzburg head is its relationship to the 16 BC Roman occupation of Austria (called Noricum by the Romans). Celtic art survived this occupation, so no stylistic features exclude a date after its commencement. Willvonseder suggests that the dot-like pupils were not a feature of Celtic art before the Roman occupation; however Vincent Megaw has pointed out these are in fact a very archaic feature, featuring on such early La Tène artefacts as the Dürrnberg beaked jug [de]. The analogues to the wave-like hair pattern, the head from Entremont and the Gundestrup cauldron, both predate this occupation. However, Celtic art this early rarely renders the nose with such detail. Willvonseder favours a date after 16 BC, and Megaw conjecturally dates the stone to the 1st century AD.
# Sam Mongin

Sam Mongin (January 17, 1884 – January 30, 1936) was a Negro leagues third baseman and second baseman for several years before the founding of the first Negro National League, and in its first few seasons.
Nicknamed "Polly," Mongin started playing semi-professional ball in the Savannah, Georgia, area, where he grew up as a teenager. He then played for the Atlanta Deppins and Chattanooga Giants before being picked up by the Philadelphia Giants at the age of 23.
During his career, it appears he spent the most seasons (five) for the Lincoln Giants.
While playing for the St. Louis Giants, Mongin met his wife. They married in 1914.
Mongin died at the age of 52 in New York, New York.
# David Notkin

David Notkin (1 January 1955 – 22 April 2013) was an American software engineer and professor of computer science.

## Early life and education

Notkin was born in 1955 in Syracuse, New York, U.S. He pursued his Sc. B. degree from Brown University, graduating in 1977, and later received his doctoral degree from Carnegie Mellon University in 1984. He then moved to Seattle and joined as a faculty at the University of Washington. His interest was in software engineering, with a particular focus on software evolution.

## Career

In 2000, Notkin received the Distinguished Graduate Mentor Award from the University of Washington. He served as chair of the computer science and engineering department from 2001 to 2006, during which he helped to open the Paul G. Allen Center for Computer Science & Engineering.
He was a Fellow of both the ACM and IEEE. From 2007 to 2012, he served as the editor-in-chief of the ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology. He was also a board member of the Computing Research Association.
Notkin is also noted for his efforts to expand the demographics of computing research, particularly to include women. In 2013, he received the A. Nico Habermann Award in recognition of this. He is also one of the two people after whom the Harrold and Notkin Research and Graduate Mentoring Award, given by the National Center for Women & Information Technology, is named.
In February 2013, the University of Washington announced the creation of the David Notkin Endowed Graduate Fellowship in Computer Science & Engineering, in an event attended by over 300 computer science students at the university to recognise Notkin's contributions.

## Death and legacy

After a few years of battling cancer, Notkin died on April 22, 2013.

## Awards

Notkin received a number of awards:
* National Science Foundation Presidential Young Investigator Award (1988)
* Distinguished Graduate Mentor Award, University of Washington (2000)
* ACM SIGSOFT Distinguished Service Award (2007)
* ACM SIGSOFT Influential Educator Award (2012)
* ACM SIGSOFT Outstanding Research Award (2013)
* A. Nico Habermann Award (2013)
# Jorma Lehtelä

Jorma Lehtelä (born 14 February 1963) is a Finnish rower. He competed in the men's double sculls event at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# George Sietsema

George Sietsema (April 1, 1918 – March 6, 1991) was a Michigan politician.

## Early life and education

George Sietsema was born on April 1, 1918, in Grundy Center, Iowa, to parents Jerry and Gertrude Sietsema. George went through three years of high school before enlisting in the army.

## Military career

In 1941, Sietsema enlisted in the United States Army in Kalamazoo, Michigan.

## Career

Sietsema was the owner of the Michigan Private Investigation Bureau. Sietsema served as township supervisor, treasurer, and municipal judge in Wyoming Township. He also served on the Kent County Board of Supervisors. In 1956, Sietsema unsuccessfully ran for the Michigan House of Representatives seat representing the Kenty County 2nd district. On November 4, 1964, Sietsema was elected to the Michigan House of Representatives, where he represented the 94th district from January 13, 1965, to December 31, 1966. In 1966, Sietsema unsuccessfully sought re-election to this position. Sietsema served as mayor of Wyoming, Michigan, from 1985 to 1987.

## Personal life

In 1940, George Sietsema married Angela Wietsma. Together, they had three children. George was the brother of fellow state representative Jelt Sietsema.

## Death

Sietsema died on March 6, 1991.
# Pan-American Security Zone

During the early years of World War II before the United States became a formal belligerent, President Franklin D. Roosevelt declared a region of the Atlantic, adjacent to the Americas, as the Pan-American Security Zone. Within this zone, United States naval ships escorted convoys bound for Europe. In practice, this greatly aided the United Kingdom, which was largely dependent upon the Atlantic convoys.
The Zone was one of a number of actions taken by the United States that ran counter to its formal state of neutrality. It was set up in October 1939 at US behest by the Declaration of Panama signed by the nations of North and South America. Within the Zone which extended up to 300 to 1,000 nautical miles (560 to 1,850 km; 350 to 1,150 mi) offshore, the signatories would not tolerate belligerent acts.
Despite formal US complaints in December 1939 to Britain over the Battle of the River Plate between British warships and the German warship Admiral Graf Spee, US implementation of the Zone was clearly to Britain's advantage. From early 1941, United States Navy convoy escorts eased British and Canadian difficulties by providing escorts; USN ships and aircraft were ordered to broadcast in clear any U-boat sightings, thus alerting British listeners. The Kriegsmarine (German navy) resented this "cheating" but they were instructed to avoid hostile acts against US ships so as not to give cause for a declaration of war.
On 18 April 1941, Roosevelt extended the Pan-American Security Zone to longitude 26 degrees west, 2,300 nautical miles (4,300 km; 2,600 mi) east of New York and just 50 nautical miles (93 km; 58 mi) short of Iceland, a major convoy staging area.