OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Stephen Coleman (professor)

Stephen Coleman is Professor of Political communication at the University of Leeds. He was born in 1957. He is the author or editor of ten books and over a hundred articles on politics and communication. He is an advocate of direct representation via the Internet. He has been described as a "leading commentator" on online democracy. He has led independent evaluations of the UK televised election debates since 2010 and has worked with the UK Health Security Agency to understand how different segments of the population respond to pandemic guidance in specific ways.
Career summary includes:
* New York University, Lecturer in Politics, London campus (1984-1994)
* Hansard Society, Director of Research (1995-2002)
* London School of Economics, Lecturer in Media (1997-2002)
* Oxford Internet Institute, Visiting Professor in E-Democracy (2002-2006)
* University of Leeds, Professor of Political Communication (2006–present).

## iRights research

Coleman has conducted research into how young people form opinions about their online experiences. Supported by a group of actors, Coleman worked with the iRights juries drawn from Nottingham, Leeds and London, with whom different scenarios were acted out. These juries each consisted of about 12 young people aged 12–17 from mixed socio-economic backgrounds.

## Books

* Coleman S.(2020) How People Talk About Politics: Brexit and After, London: Bloomsbury Press
* Coleman S (2017) Can the Internet Strengthen Democracy. Cambridge: Polity Press
* Coleman S (2013) How Voters Feel. New York; Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
* Coleman S (2010) Leaders in the Living Room - the Prime Ministerial Debates of 2010: Evidence, Evaluation and Some Recommendations. Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism.
* Coleman S; Ross K (2010) The Media and the Public: Them and Us in Media Discourse. Oxford: Blackwell-Wiley.
* Coleman S; Coleman S; Morrison DE (2009) Public Trust in the News. Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism.
* Coleman S; Coleman S; Blumler JG (2009) The Internet and Democratic Citizenship: Theory, Practice and Policy. NY: Cambridge University Press.
* Coleman S (2003) The E-Connected World: Opportunities and Risks. McGill University Press.
* Coleman S (1997) Stilled Tongues: from soapbox to soundbite. Porcupine Press.
# Ain't That Ducky

Ain't That Ducky is a 1945 Warner Bros. Looney Tunes cartoon, directed by Friz Freleng. The cartoon was released on May 19, 1945, and stars Daffy Duck.

## Plot

Daffy Duck is interrupted during his bath by the distressing sobs of a yellow duckling carrying a satchel. Despite Daffy's attempts to inquire about the duckling's troubles, he is met with dismissive replies. Even the arrival of a hunter fails to deter the duckling's curt responses. As the hunter turns his attention to Daffy, the two engage in a familiar chase, with Daffy occasionally addressing the audience about missing elements in the scene.
Midway through, Daffy and the hunter briefly team up to obtain the satchel, but their efforts are thwarted when they encounter an obstacle on the road. After a series of mishaps, including Daffy's tumble down a mountainside, the hunter manages to grab the satchel. However, upon opening it, they discover only a piece of paper with the words "The End," leaving them as bewildered as the yellow duckling.
# S. Titus Parsons

Samuel Titus Parsons (died April 9, 1881) was an American lawyer and politician.

## Early life

S. Titus Parsons was born in New York. He was the son of John Parsons, whose father was Andrew Parsons, a veteran of the Revolutionary War. He was first admitted to the bar in Mexico, Oswego County, New York. Parsons later moved to Michigan. He did so after three of his brothers.

## Career

In Owosso, Parsons studied in the law office of two of his brothers, Andrew and Luke H. Parsons. He was admitted to the Shiawassee County bar in May 1854. He then moved to Corunna, where he would practice law for over twenty years. He was elected prosecuting attorney of Shiawassee County in 1856, and was re-elected in 1858.
In 1862, Parsons was elected to the Michigan House of Representatives as a Republican. He represented the Shiawassee County 1st district from 1863 to 1864, and served on the judiciary committee. He was again elected to the state legislature in 1866, and served from 1867 to 1868, where he again serve on the judiciary committee, and additionally served on the elections committee. He was one of the delegates from Shiawassee County in the 1867 Michigan constitutional convention. He was again elected prosecuting attorney in 1872.
In 1877, Parsons moved to Detroit, where he continued to practice law. By 1879, Parsons was associated with the Greenback Party, in February of that year being elected chairman of the Wayne County Greenback Committee. In March 1880, Parsons was elected as a delegate from Wayne County to the Greenback State Convention in Jackson, Michigan. By July 1880, Parsons returned to the Republican Party.

## Personal life

In 1869, S. Titus Parsons divorced from his wife on grounds of extreme cruelty.

## Death

Parsons died on April 9, 1881.
# Masuna

Masuna or Massonas (fl. c. 508–535) was a Berber from what is now western Algeria who was said to have been a Christian, he ruled the Mauro-Roman Kingdom with its capital based in Altava which is now in present-day Algeria around the Tlemcen area. He was able to maintain the independence of his kingdom by resisting occupation from the Vandals. King Masuna allied with the Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian and assisted him in a war against the Vandals in 533 and also against other invading Berber tribal confederations. During his reign he was obeyed by the tribes of Mauretania.

## Reign

Masuna is the earliest recorded ruler of the Mauro-Roman Kingdom, a Berber kingdom that sprung up in the former province of Mauretania Caesariensis following the collapse of the Western Roman Empire. This kingdom, unlike many other Barbarian kingdoms, extended beyond the borders of the former Roman Empire, encompassing Berber territories that had never been under Roman control. Masuna is known only from an inscription on a fortification in Altava (modern Ouled Mimoun, in the region of Oran), dated 508 AD, where he styles himself as the Rex gentium Maurorum et Romanorum, the "King of the Roman and Moorish peoples". He is known to have possessed Altava, assumed to have been the capital due to its prominence under subsequent kings, and at least two other cities, Castra Severiana and Safar, as mention is made of officials he appointed there. As the seat of an ecclesiarchal diocese (the diocese of Castra Severiana, an ancient bishophoric which flourished during Late Antiquity), the control of Castra Severiana may have been particularly important.

### Relations with the Eastern Roman Empire

The Eastern Roman historian Procopius mentions a Berber king called "Massonas", often assumed to be the same person as Masuna, as having allied with the forces of the Eastern Roman Empire in the 530s against the Vandal Kingdom in the Vandalic War. Masuna is assumed to have been among the Berber rulers that willingly submitted to Belisarius and the Eastern Roman forces, demanding in return the symbols of their offices: a silver crown, a staff of silver gilt, a tunic and gilded boots.
After the Vandals were defeated and the Eastern Roman Empire restored Roman rule over Northern Africa, the local Byzantine governors would begin to experience problems with some of the local Berber tribes and kingdoms. The province of Byzacena was particularly affected, seeing repeated invasions and the destruction of the local garrison and death of its commanders. The Praetorian prefect of Africa, Solomon, waged several wars against these Berbers and defeated them twice. Surviving Berber soldiers retreated into Numidia, joining forces with Iaudas, King of the Aurès.
Masuna and another Berber king allied with the Eastern Empire, Ortaias (who ruled a kingdom in the former province of Mauretania Sitifensis), suggested that Solomon pursue the enemy Berbers into Numidia, which he did. Solomon did not engage Iaudas in battle however as he distrusted the loyalty of his allies, and instead constructed a series of fortified posts along the roads linking Byzacena with Numidia.
# Brenda Pogge

Brenda Lowe Pogge (born March 18, 1957) is an American politician of the Republican Party. From 2008 to 2020 she had been a member of the Virginia House of Delegates, representing the 96th district on the Virginia Peninsula, made up of parts of James City and York Counties.
# José María Lassalle

José María Lassalle Ruiz (born 1966) is a Spanish lecturer, essayist and former politician.

## Biography

Lassalle was born on 23 October 1966 in Santander. He earned a PhD in Law in 1999 at the University of Cantabria, reading a dissertation titled John Locke y los fundamentos modernos de la propiedad, supervised by Jesús Ignacio Martínez García and dealing with the aforementioned philosopher.
He worked as a predoctoral and post-doctoral researcher for the University of Cantabria (1996–2001), and as a lecturer for the Charles III University of Madrid (UC3M; 2001–2003). Following a spell as director of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs' Foundation Carolina (2003–2004), he has also worked as lecturer at the Universidad CEU San Pablo, the Rey Juan Carlos University and the Universidad Pontificia Comillas. Lassalle married Meritxell Batet in August 2005, from whom he divorced in 2016. A member of the 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th terms of the Congress of Deputies in representation of Cantabria, elected within the People's Party (PP) lists, he renounced to his seat at the Lower House of the Spanish parliament in December 2016. He was replaced then by Diego Movellán.
Lassalle served as Secretary of State for Culture (2011–2016). During his spell at the Casa de las Siete Chimeneas, he faced trouble to pass a Law for Patronage and to get through the debate on the cultural VAT. Replaced by Fernando Benzo in November 2016, he was then appointed as new Secretary of State for Information Society and Digital Agenda, tasked with defining the new digital agenda of Spain.

## Electoral history

Electoral history of José María Lassalle :
| Election | List | Constituency | List position | Result |
| 2004 general election (Congress of Deputies) | PP | Cantabria | 3rd (out of 5) | Elected |
| 2008 general election (Congress of Deputies) | PP | Cantabria | 2nd (out of 5) | Elected |
| 2011 general election (Congress of Deputies) | PP | Cantabria | 2nd (out of 5) | Elected |
| 2015 general election (Congress of Deputies) | PP | Cantabria | 2nd (out of 5) | Elected |
| 2016 general election (Congress of Deputies) | PP | Cantabria | 2nd (out of 5) | Elected |

## Works
### Books

* — (2001). John Locke y los fundamentos modernos de la propiedad. Madrid: Dykinson.
* — (2003). Locke, liberalismo y propiedad. Madrid: Servicio de Estudios del Colegio de Registradores.
* — (2010). Liberales. Compromiso cívico con la virtud. Barcelona: Debate.
* — (2017). Contra el populismo. Cartografía de un totalitarismo posmoderno. Barcelona: Debate.
* — (2019). Ciberleviatán. El colapso de la democracia liberal frente a la revolución digital. Barcelona: Arpa.
# Wadi al-Batin

Wadi al-Batin (وادي الباطن) is an intermittent river in Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Kuwait. It is the lowest and final section of Wadi al-Rummah. It runs 45 mi (72 km) in a northeast–southwest direction through the Al-Dibdibah plain and has been recognized since 1913 as the border between Kuwait and Iraq.

## Description

The now non active alluvial fan, extends northeastward from Hafar al-Batin in Saudi Arabia to cover parts of Kuwait and southwestern Iraq. This alluvial fan may have formed the Al-Dibdibah gravel plain. At the river bend ʿAuǧat al-Bāṭin (عوجة الباطن) is the tripoint of Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Kuwait. This was the eastern border point of the Saudi Arabian–Iraqi neutral zone that was divided between the adjoining countries in 1981.
Most of present-day Kuwait is still archaeologically unexplored.
Neolithic and early to late Islamic settlements were discovered in Kuwait's side of Wadi al-Batin. The wadi was the site of the Battle of Wadi al-Batin in 1991.

## Garden of Eden

According to some, Kuwait was probably the original location of the Pishon River which some suggest watered the Garden of Eden. Juris Zarins argued that the Garden of Eden was situated at the head of the Persian Gulf (present-day Iraq), where the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers run into the sea, from his research on this area using information from many different sources, including Landsat images from space. His suggestion about the Pishon River was supported by James A. Sauer of the American Center of Oriental Research. Sauer made an argument from geology and history that Pishon River was the now-defunct Kuwait River. With the aid of satellite photos, Farouk El-Baz traced the dry channel from Kuwait up the Wadi al-Batin.
# Skei

Skei may refer to:

## People

* Hans H. Skei, a Norwegian writer

## Places

* Skei, Møre og Romsdal, a village in Surnadal Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway
* Skei, Innlandet, a village in Gausdal Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway
* Skei, Vestland, a village in Sunnfjord Municipality in Vestland county, Norway
* Skei Municipality (later renamed Ogndal Municipality), a former municipality in the Nord-Trondelag county, Norway
* Skei Church, a church in Steinkjer Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway

## Other uses

* Skei may also refer to a type of longship used by the Vikings
# The Bashful Buzzard

The Bashful Buzzard is a 7-minute animated cartoon completed in 1944 and released on September 15, 1945. It is directed by Robert Clampett and is the second to feature the character Beaky Buzzard.
# Henry Chamberlain (Michigan politician)

Henry Chamberlain (March 17, 1824 – February 9, 1907) was a Michigan politician.

## Early life

Henry Chamberlain was born on March 17, 1824, in Pembroke, New Hampshire, to parents Moses and Mary Chamberlain. Chamberlain attended school until about 1836. In 1836, the Chamberlain family moved to Three Oaks, Michigan.

## Career

In 1836, once in Three Oaks, Chamberlain started farming with his family. On November 6, 1848, Chamberlain was elected to the Michigan House of Representatives where he represented the Berrien County district from January 1, 1849, to April 2, 1849. In 1850, Chamberlain stated his own farm. In the 1874 Michigan gubernatorial election, Chamberlain was the Democratic nominee. In this election, Chamberlain was defeated by incumbent Republican governor John J. Bagley. In 1876 and 1896, Chamberlain was a delegate to Democratic National Convention from Michigan. In 1896, Chamberlain was an unsuccessful candidate for the position of presidential elector for Michigan.

## Personal life

Chamberlain married Sarah Jane Nash in 1851. Chamberlain was widowed by her death in 1852. Chamberlain got remarried to Rebecca VanDevanter in 1856. Chamberlain was again widowed by her death in 1896. Chamberlain and VanDevanter had three children together. Chamberlain was a member of the Freemasons from 1853 and onward. He served as Grand Master of the Masons in 1872. Henry Chamberlain had two brothers who were also politicians, William Chamberlain, who was a fellow member of the Michigan House of Representatives, and Mellen Chamberlain, who was a Massachusetts state legislator. Chamberlain was Congregationalist.

## Death

Chamberlain died on February 9, 1907, in Three Oaks. Chamberlain was interred at Forest Lawn Cemetery in Three Oaks.
# Eonemachilus altus

Eonemachilus altus is a species of ray-finned fish, a stone loach, in the genus Eonemachilus from Yunnan. It occurs in small streams with a moderate current where it moves slowly in shoals along the substrate. Its diet consists of filamentous algae and insects. The type locality is in Zhanyi County.
# Glixel

REDIRECT Rolling Stone#Glixel
# Kevin Roberts (Antigua and Barbudan footballer)

Kevin Roberts is an Antigua and Barbudan football player. He has played for Antigua and Barbuda national team.

## National team statistics

Antigua and Barbuda national team :
| Year | Apps | Goals |
| 2002 | 2 | 0 |
| 2003 | 0 | 0 |
| 2004 | 0 | 0 |
| 2005 | 0 | 0 |
| 2006 | 0 | 0 |
| 2007 | 0 | 0 |
| 2008 | 2 | 0 |
| Total | 4 | 0 |
# Morro Peak

Morro Peak is a small 1,679-metre (5,509-foot) mountain summit located in Jasper National Park in Alberta, Canada. It is located at the northwest end of the Colin Range, which is a sub-range of the Canadian Rockies. The peak is situated 17 km (11 mi) north of the municipality of Jasper, and is a prominent landmark in the Athabasca Valley visible from Highway 16 and the Canadian. The nearest higher peak is Hawk Mountain, 4.0 km (2.5 mi) to the southeast. Morro Peak was named in 1916 by Morrison P. Bridgland for the Spanish word morro, meaning rounded hill, which is an apt description of it. Bridgland (1878-1948) was a Dominion Land Surveyor who named many peaks in Jasper Park and the Canadian Rockies. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1956 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Morro Peak is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Winter temperatures can drop below -20 °C with wind chill factors below -30 °C. In terms of favorable weather, June through September are the best months to climb. Precipitation runoff from Morro Peak flows into the Athabasca River.

## Gallery

* Morro Peak, south aspect
* Morro Peak to the right
# PRIME (labeling technique)

PRIME (probe incorporation mediated by enzymes) is a molecular biology research tool developed by Alice Y. Ting and the Ting Lab at MIT for site-specific labeling of proteins in living cells with chemical probes. Probes often have useful biophysical properties, such as fluorescence, and allow imaging of proteins. Ultimately, PRIME enables scientists to study functions of specific proteins of interest.

## Significance

Protein labeling with fluorescent molecules allows the visualization of protein dynamics, localization, and protein-protein interactions, and therefore serves as an important technique to understand protein functions and networks in living cells. The protein labeling should have a high selectivity towards the protein of interest, and should not interfere with the natural functions of the protein. Although genetic coding of fluorescent proteins, such as the green fluorescent protein (GFP), is the most popular technique due to its high specificity, fluorescent proteins are likely to interfere with the functions of the protein to which they are fused because of their large sizes. There are multiple tagging tools, such as HaloTag, SNAP tag, and FlAsH, developed in order to overcome the weakness of traditional protein labeling with fluorescent proteins. However, they still have significant shortcomings either due to the large size of a tag or the low specificity of the labeling process. PRIME has been developed in order to achieve a high labeling specificity comparable to fluorescent proteins with small molecules.

## Principles

In PRIME, a mutant enzyme LplA (lipoic acid ligase from Escherichia coli) first catalyzes the conjugation of the "functional group handle" and LplA acceptor peptide (LAP), which is genetically fused to the protein of interest. “Functional group handle” indicates a bridge molecule connecting a LAP tag to a fluorescent probe or fluorophore. Fluorescent probe reacts with the “functional group handle” connected to the tag, and ultimately labels the protein of interest. Different chemical reactions can be utilized to attach the fluorescent probe to a complex consisting of the protein, the LAP tag, and the bridge: Diels-Alder Reaction, and chelation-assisted copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) (refer to Azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition). Two other versions of PRIME labeling technologies use mutant LplA proteins to directly incorporate a fluorophore to the LAP-tagged protein of interest.

## Limitations

Despite the advantages of PRIME over other tagging methods, PRIME still has some possible limitations. First of all, the LAP tag may interfere with the function of proteins to which it is fused. It is recommended that the experimenters perform control experiments in order to make sure that the tagged recombinant protein functions properly. Secondly, even at a low concentration, chemicals such as the fluorescent probe can be toxic to the cells. Experimenters are also required to obtain the right balance between maximal signal of fluorescence and minimal disruption of cellular function.
# Alfred Pond

Alfred Pond (February 10, 1806 – July 29, 1887) was a Michigan politician.

## Early life

Pond was born in Clarence, New York, on February 10, 1806. He moved to Michigan in 1839, where he settled near Flushing, Michigan, in Clayton Township.

## Career

Pond served as clerk of Flushing Township, Michigan, from 1840 to 1841. In March 1846, Clayton Township was officially organized, and Pond was elected as one of its first inspectors of elections. Pond would go on to serve in Clayton Township's local government. That same year, Pond served as the township's first supervisor, as well as a school inspector. Pond was re-elected as supervisor and as a school inspector in 1847. On January 4, 1847, Pond was sworn in as a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from the Genesee County district as a Democratic. He served until March 17, 1847. In 1848, John C. Clement served as supervisor, but when Clement resigned, Pond was appointed to fill his vacancy. In 1849, Pond served as school inspector again. In 1850, Pond served as justice of the peace. In 1851, Pond served as town clerk. Pond again served as justice of the peace in 1858. In 1859, Pond again served as supervisor. In 1860, Pond again served as school inspector, and would do so in 1862 as well. Pond served as justice of the peace in 1866 and 1870. Pond served as one of the founding vice presidents of the Genesee County Pioneer Association. In 1850, Pond served as one of the founding vice presidents of the Genesee County Agricultural Society.

## Personal life

Pond married Elvira Call in 1829.

## Death

Pond died on July 29, 1887, in Genesee County, Michigan.