OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thomas Cowan (alternative medicine practitioner)

Thomas Samuel Cowan is an American practitioner of alternative medicine, author, conspiracy theorist and former medical doctor. He relinquished his medical license in 2020.

## Career

Cowan earned his medical degree from Michigan State University College of Human Medicine in 1984. He ran an alternative medicine practice until July 2020 in San Francisco, California. Cowan was disciplined and put on probation by the Medical Board of California in 2017 after he prescribed medication for breast cancer without informing the patient that it had not been approved by medical authorities, and without reviewing her medical file. The probation period was due to end in 2022, but he renounced his medical license in December 2020, to become an unregulated "health coach". He left California and continues selling supplements through a website.
Cowan is a member of the board of directors of the Weston A. Price Foundation. He served as vice president of the Physicians Association for Anthroposophical Medicine.

## Conspiracy theories

Cowan has argued against the widely accepted scientific view that pathogens cause a variety of diseases. He promoted conspiracy theories about the COVID-19 pandemic, claiming 5G wireless communications are responsible for making people sick.
A video of Cowan's claims about COVID and 5G communication, made at an anti-vaccination conference which also featured Andrew Wakefield, quickly gained a widespread audience when it was promoted by multiple Facebook accounts. It was viewed at least 650,000 times on Youtube before being taken down and was also popular on Instagram, where Keri Hilson promoted it to her 2.3 million fans before deleting the post. Experts invited to comment on the video said it repeats several misconceptions common to many anti-vaccination influencers.
The World Health Organization, along with numerous health authorities, established that COVID-19 is not transmitted by any kind of electronic communications and has spread in many regions where new 5G wireless equipment has not been installed.

## Personal life

Cowan is married, with three children, one stepson and six grandchildren. He lives in upstate New York.

## Publications

The health advice Cowan dispenses through his books is often based in pseudo-scientific theories, such as denying viruses cause disease. Two of them promote anti-vaccination pseudo-scientific theories.
# Noo

Noo or NOO may refer to:

## Places

* Nõo, a small borough in Tartu County, Estonia
** Nõo Parish

## Fictional entities

* Noo, a fictional character from Creatures the World Forgot
* Noo-noo, a fictional character from Teletubbies

## Other uses

* National Obesity Observatory, publisher of British and Irish public health data
* Noo Saro-Wiwa, British/Nigerian writer and journalist
* nine one one
# Petre Dulfu

Petre Dulfu (10 March 1856 – 31 October 1953) was an Imperial Austrian-born Romanian poet, translator and playwright.
Born in Tohat, Sălaj County, his parents were Nichifor Dulfu and his wife Agapia (née Bran), members of the rural intellectual class. From early childhood, his mother inspired a love of stories in him. He attended Hungarian-language primary school and gymnasium in Baia Mare from 1864 to 1871, earning top marks, and went to high school in the same town from 1872. In 1876, he graduated from high school in Cluj, where he studied for two years. He attended Franz Joseph University in the latter city, earning a doctorate in philosophy in 1881. His thesis, written in Hungarian, dealt with the work of Vasile Alecsandri, surveyed the Romanian literary context and included a dozen poems translated by Dulfu. After graduation, he moved to the Romanian Old Kingdom and worked as a teacher. After a brief stint in the capital Bucharest, he directed and taught at a school in Turnu Severin for the 1881-1882 year. Beginning in 1882, he again taught philosophy and later Romanian in Bucharest; one of the two schools where he worked was for girls. He came to know faculty colleague Ioan Slavici, as well as Mihail Eminescu, Alexandru Vlahuță and Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu. In 1886, he married Elena Mateescu, with whom he had four children and who encouraged his work as a writer. He obtained Romanian citizenship in 1891. During World War I, he worked as a postal censor in the temporary capital of Iași, where an illness claimed one of his daughters. Although normally a disciplined teacher, he lost his composure on 1 December 1918, the day the union of Transylvania with Romania was proclaimed; cutting short the lesson and visibly moved, he explained the significance of the event to his pupils. In 1921, he retired from the girls' school, as the pupils daily reminded him of his deceased daughter.
His first published work consisted of verses that appeared in Familia in 1874. His contributions appeared in magazines both pedagogical (Educatorul, Lumina pentru toți, Revista pedagogică) and literary (Amicul familiei, Șezătoarea, Tribuna). In 1911, he joined the Romanian Writers' Society. In 1903, he was awarded the Romanian Academy's Adamachi Prize for his translations of Euripides (Ifigenia în Aulida, 1879; Ifigenia în Taurida, 1880) and for the 1894 Isprăvile lui Păcală, the volume that secured his reputation as a writer. He wrote two plays: the moralizing one-act Ceartă pentru nimica (1889) and Păcală argat, a dramatization of his favorite character, Păcală. His final work, Cei doi feți-logofeți cu părul de aur, appeared in 1939. A gifted teacher and a cultural figure concerned with educating the peasantry, his poetic renditions of folklore were deemed "good writings for the common people" by George Călinescu. He died in Bucharest.
The Maramureș County library in Baia Mare has borne his name since 1992.
# Fenton Bland

Fenton Lee Bland Jr. (born March 7, 1962) is an American mortician and former Democratic member of the Virginia House of Delegates. Successful in his first bid for office in 2001, he was subsequently reelected.
But he resigned in 2005 after pleading guilty to the crime of conspiracy to commit bank fraud which included bilking an elderly man of property and committing forgery to do so. He was released from Federal Correctional Institution, Cumberland after serving 20 months of a 57-month sentence.
# Singapore at the Asian Games

Singapore has competed in all editions of the Asian Games since it was first held in 1951, one of only seven countries to do so.

## Overall medal tally

With 232 medals, Singapore is currently seventeenth in the all-time tally of medals.
| Games | Year | Host | Dates | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1951 | I | New Delhi, India | 4 – 11 March | 5 | 7 | 2 | 14 |
| 1954 | II | Manila, Philippines | 1 – 9 May | 1 | 4 | 4 | 9 |
| 1958 | III | Tokyo, Japan | 28 May – 1 June | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 1962 | IV | Jakarta, Indonesia | 24 August – 4 September | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| 1966 | V | Bangkok, Thailand | 9 – 20 December | 0 | 5 | 7 | 12 |
| 1970 | VI | Bangkok, Thailand | 24 August – 4 September | 0 | 6 | 9 | 15 |
| 1974 | VII | Tehran, Iran | 1 – 16 September | 1 | 3 | 7 | 11 |
| 1978 | VIII | Bangkok, Thailand | 9 – 20 December | 2 | 1 | 4 | 7 |
| 1982 | IX | New Delhi, India | 19 November – 4 December | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| 1986 | X | Seoul, South Korea | 20 September – 5 October | 0 | 1 | 4 | 5 |
| 1990 | XI | Beijing, China | 22 September – 7 October | 0 | 1 | 4 | 5 |
| 1994 | XII | Hiroshima, Japan | 2 – 16 October | 1 | 1 | 5 | 7 |
| 1998 | XIII | Bangkok, Thailand | 6 – 20 December | 2 | 3 | 9 | 14 |
| 2002 | XIV | Busan, South Korea | 29 September – 14 October | 5 | 2 | 10 | 17 |
| 2006 | XV | Doha, Qatar | 1 – 15 December | 8 | 7 | 12 | 27 |
| 2010 | XVI | Guangzhou, China | 12 – 27 November | 4 | 7 | 6 | 17 |
| 2014 | XVII | Incheon, South Korea | 19 September – 4 October | 5 | 6 | 14 | 25 |
| 2018 | XVIII | Jakarta and Palembang, Indonesia | 18 August – 2 September | 4 | 4 | 14 | 22 |
| 2022 | XIX | Hangzhou, China | 23 September – 8 October | 3 | 6 | 7 | 16 |
| Total | Total | Total | Total | 44 | 65 | 123 | 232 |

### Medals by Summer Sport

| Sport | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| Sailing | 16 | 13 | 21 | 50 |
| Swimming | 12 | 17 | 33 | 62 |
| Bowling | 6 | 9 | 9 | 24 |
| Athletics | 3 | 8 | 9 | 20 |
| Bodybuilding | 3 | 2 | 3 | 8 |
| Water polo | 1 | 3 | 3 | 7 |
| Weightlifting | 1 | 3 | 2 | 6 |
| Shooting | 1 | 1 | 4 | 6 |
| Board games | 1 | 0 | 3 | 4 |
| Table tennis | 0 | 2 | 9 | 11 |
| Pencak silat | 0 | 2 | 3 | 5 |
| Wushu | 0 | 1 | 7 | 8 |
| Cue sports | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Boxing | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Canoeing | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Ju-jitsu | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Sepaktakraw | 0 | 0 | 8 | 8 |
| Fencing | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Squash | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Badminton | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (20 entries) | 44 | 65 | 123 | 232 |

## Asian Para Games

| Games | Year | Host | Dates | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 2010 | I | Guangzhou, China | 13 – 19 December | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 2014 | II | Incheon, South Korea | 18 – 24 October | 1 | 1 | 4 | 6 |
| 2018 | III | Jakarta, Indonesia | 6 – 13 October | 3 | 2 | 5 | 10 |
| 2022 | IV | Hangzhou, China | 22 – 28 October | 3 | 3 | 2 | 8 |
| Total | Total | Total | Total | 7 | 6 | 15 | 28 |
# Hiranandani Group

Hiranandani Group was established in 1978 by Niranjan Hiranandani and Surendra Hiranandani and is based in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. The group is one of the largest real estate developers in India with projects across Mumbai, Bengaluru, Chennai, and Hyderabad.
The group has diversified into health, education, energy, and hospitality. In July 2020, the group launched a subsidiary company called Yotta Infrastructure, the world's second largest data centre, Yotta NM1 in its Integrated Yotta Data Center Park, under the subsidiary Yotta Infrastructure, in Navi Mumbai.

## Subsidiaries

* Tarq Semiconductors
* Yotta Data Services Limited
* H-Energy Pvt. Limited
* Nidar Group
* Greenbase Industrial and Logistics Parks

## Projects

* Hiranandani Gardens, Mumbai
* Hiranandani Estate, Thane
* Hiranandani Meadows, Thane
* Hiranandani Loftline, Hyderabad
* House of Hiranandani, Kalyan
* Hiranandani Foundation Schools
* Hiranandani Foundation School, Powai
* Hiranandani Foundation School, Thane
* Hiranandani Upscale School
* Dr. L. H. Hiranandani College of Pharmacy
* Hiranandani Fortune City, Panvel

## Controversies

A complaint filed by Delhi-based lawyer Advocate Anant Dehadrai revealed that TMC MP Mahua Moitra asked a total of 39 questions, some of which appeared to either support the Hiranandani group or target Adani.
Darshan Hiranandani is in the middle of a controversy over allegations of paying bribes to Trinamool Congress MP Mahua Moitra to ask questions in Parliament.
# Sisavath Keobounphanh

Sisavath Keobounphanh (Lao: ສີສະຫວາດ ແກ້ວບຸນພັນ; 1 May 1928 – 12 May 2020) was Vice President of Laos from 1996 to 1998 and third Chairman of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister) of Laos from 1998 to 2000. He was succeeded by Bounnhang Vorachith. He was a member of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party and was President of the Lao Front for National Construction from 2001 to 2011, when he was succeeded by Phandoungchit Vongsa.
# Alexander Graham (underwriter)

Sir Alexander Michael Graham (born 27 September 1938) is a former Lord Mayor of London. He served from 1990 to 1991.
Graham has also served as an alderman and as Sheriff of the City of London. From 2000 to 2013, he served as Gentleman Usher of the Purple Rod.
He went to St. Paul's School London from 1951 to 1956
Before assuming the office of Lord Mayor, he was made Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire (GBE) with effect from 9 October 1990.
He is married to Lady Carolyn Graham and they have three daughters.
His brother is Lieutenant General Sir Peter Graham, a former General Officer Commanding Scotland.
# Seedy (album)

Seedy is a compilation album by the American ska punk band Operation Ivy. The album was released in 1996 through Karma Kredit Records. Karma Kredit was a pseudonym for David Hayes' Very Small Records. The compilation collects studio outtakes, live tracks, and demo recordings.

## Track listing

* "Healthy Body" (Uncut Version)
* "Someday"
* "Plea for Peace"
* "Trouble Bound"
* "Uncertain"
* "Hangin' Out"
* "Left Behind"
* "Old Friendships"
* "Hedgecore"
* "Steppin' Out"
* "The End" (outro)

## Personnel

* Jesse Michaels - lead vocals
* Lint - guitar, backing vocals
* Matt McCall - bass, backing vocals
* Dave Mello - drums
# Minister for the Environment (Victoria)

The Minister for the Environment is a minister within the Executive Council of Victoria tasked with the responsibility of overseeing the Victorian Government's laws and initiatives on environment.
Steve Dimopoulos has been the minister since October 2023.

## Ministers

| Order | Minister | Party affiliation | Ministerial title | Term start | Term end | Time in office |
| 1 | Evan Walker MLC | Labor | Minister for Planning and Environment | 1 September 1983 | 25 February 1986 | 2 years, 177 days |
| 2 | Jim Kennan MLC | Labor | Minister for Planning and Environment | 25 February 1986 | 14 December 1987 | 1 year, 292 days |
| 3 | Thomas Roper MP | Labor | Minister for Planning and Environment | 14 December 1987 | 10 August 1990 | 2 years, 239 days |
| 4 | Steven Crabb MP | Labor | Minister for Conservation and Environment | 10 August 1990 | 28 January 1992 | 1 year, 171 days |
| 5 | Barry Pullen MLC | Labor | Minister for Conservation and Environment | 28 January 1992 | 6 October 1992 | 252 days |
| 6 | Mark Birrell MLC | Liberal | Minister for Conservation and Environment | 6 October 1992 | 3 April 1996 | 3 years, 180 days |
| 7 | Sherryl Garbutt MP | Labor | Minister for Environment and Conservation | 20 October 1999 | 5 December 2002 | 3 years, 46 days |
| 8 | John Thwaites MP | Labor | Minister for Water, Environment and Climate Change | 5 December 2002 | 30 July 2007 | 4 years, 237 days |
| 9 | John Brumby MP | Labor | Minister for Water, Environment and Climate Change | 30 July 2007 | 3 August 2007 | 4 days |
| 10 | Gavin Jennings MLC | Labor | Minister for Environment and Climate Change | 3 August 2007 | 2 December 2010 | 3 years, 121 days |
| 11 | Ryan Smith MP | Liberal | Minister for Environment and Climate Change | 2 December 2010 | 4 December 2015 | 5 years, 2 days |
| 12 | Lisa Neville MP | Labor | Minister for Environment, Climate Change and Water | 4 December 2014 | 23 May 2016 | 1 year, 171 days |
| 13 | Lily D'Ambrosio MP | Labor | Minister for Energy, Environment and Climate Change | 23 May 2016 | 29 November 2018 | 2 years, 190 days |
| 13 | Lily D'Ambrosio MP | Labor | Minister for Environment and Climate Action | 27 June 2022 | 5 December 2022 | 161 days |
| 14 | Ingrid Stitt MLC | Labor | Minister for the Environment | 5 December 2022 | 2 October 2023 | 301 days |
| 15 | Steve Dimopoulos MP | Labor | Minister for the Environment | 2 October 2023 | Incumbent | 1 year, 60 days |
# Alois Lipburger

Alois Lipburger (27 August 1956 – 4 February 2001) was an Austrian ski jumper.

## Career

He won a silver medal in the individual large hill competition at the 1978 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Lahti. Lipburger's only two individual world cup wins came in a ski flying competition in the United States in 1981. After his career, he worked as a ski jumping coach. However, he died in an automobile accident while returning from a World Cup event in Willingen in 2001.

## World Cup
### Standings

| Season | Overall | 4H |
| 1979/80 | 17 | 28 |
| 1980/81 | 11 | 75 |

### Wins

| No. | Season | Date | Location | Hill | Size |
| 1 | 1980/81 | 13 February 1981 | Ironwood | Copper Peak K145 | FH |
| 2 | 1980/81 | 14 February 1981 | Ironwood | Copper Peak K145 | FH |
# Hirudo orientalis

Hirudo orientalis is a species of medicinal leech. It has been confused with Hirudo medicinalis, but has recently been recognized as a different species. This Asian species is associated with mountainous areas in the subboreal eremial zone and occurs in Azerbaijan, Iran, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. It occurs also in Georgia, and probably in Armenia.

## Morphology
### External characters

Length up to 108 mm, width of maximum body 10 mm, width of anterior sucker 4 mm, width of posterior sucker 5.5 mm. Gonopores are separated by five annuli. There are complete somite fiveannulate. Body surface is covered with numerous papillae. There are five eye pairs. Sulcus is present as a narrow and distinct groove running from the crypt of the median dorsal jaw to the dorsal rim of the anterior sucker. Dorsal surface color is mainly grass green, there are two orange paramedian stripes which are thin and fragmented and two orange paramarginal stripes which are broad and encompassing black segmentally arranged quadrangular or rounded spots. Lateral margins of body with yellow stripes encompassing black, segmentally arranged rounded spots. Black spots are located on the central annulus (a2) of each segment. Ventral region is mainly black, with metameric pairs of light greenish markings.

### Internal characters

Jaws and teeth: This species has three jaws, as is typical for a medicinal leech, which are monostichodont and bearing papillae. The papillae do not have any pores or fissures. Each jaw has 80 (min: 71 – max: 91) teeth; each tooth's average size is 33 μm
Male reproductive system: Atrium is large, bulbous with a glandular cover and located at ganglion in segment XI. Penis sheath is long broad duct bent anteriorly, not reaching ganglion in segment XII. Epididymis are medium-sized, discoid, tightly packed masses of ducting standing upright on either side of the atrium and located between ganglia in segments XI and XII. Ejaculatory bulbs are fusiform, well developed, and not larger than epididymises the dorsocefalic faces of which they circle. Vas deferens is thin ducts running from epididymis posteriorly. Testisacs is ovoid, approximately 1.5 times the size of ovisacs and located posterior to ganglion in segment XIII.
Female reproductive system: Vagina has an upright, long, evenly curved tube entering directly into ventral body wall posterior to ganglion in XII. Common oviduct enters the vagina subterminally at a small vaginal caecum. Ovisacs are globular, small. Common oviduct has a thin duct forming several loops and covered with a thick layer of glandular tissue bound to the cephalic face of vagina. Entire female reproductive system located between ganglia XII and XIII.

## Reproduction properties

The mature individuals deposit average 2.53 cocoons within one month. Each cocoon has averagely 8.55 hatchlings. According to these figures, H. orientalis deposite more cocoon than H. medicinalis (1.65), but less than Hirudo verbana (3.29). Hatchlings number per cocoon is also medium compared to the previous species (H. medicinalis: 6.73, H. verbana: 10.45)
# Giosuè Bonomi

Giosuè Bonomi (born 21 October 1978 in Gazzaniga) is an Italian professional road bicycle racer. He rode for UCI Professional Continental team Barloworld, until the team's demise.

## Major results
### 2004

    3rd Coppa Bernocchi

### 2006

    2nd Coppa Bernocchi
    3rd Overall GP Costa Azul
# Frank A. Ludewig

Franciscus Adrianus "Frank" Ludewig (22 October 1863 – 16 September 1940) was a Dutch architect who lived and worked mostly in the United States. He is primarily known for his church architecture. Two of the buildings which he designed are on the National Register of Historic Places.

## Life and career

Ludewig was born in Beverwijk, Netherlands, and studied architecture at the Polytechnical Institute in Delft where he befriended another future architect, Jacobus van Gils (1869–1919), whose sister Dorothea he married in 1896. The couple had two children, James W. Ludewig and Frank M. Ludewig.
After graduation, Ludewig worked at the Amsterdam office of architect P.J.H. Cuypers, probably as a draftsman. In 1902 he began his own office in Arnhem and moved two years later to Nijmegen. He built several houses, reconstructed Wijchen castle and restored churches in Beek, Leur and Rosmalen. In 1912 he migrated to the United States, hoping to find opportunities to design churches. He set up an architectural office in St. Louis, Missouri and later moved to Holland, Michigan. In the nineteen years of his American career, Ludewig built 21 churches and chapels, 11 schools and 10 presbyteries. His most important work, and one of his last, was the Pontifical College Josephinum in Columbus, Ohio. Ludewig retired at the age of 69 and, after suffering from heart ailment for 18 months, died in Grand Rapids, Michigan in 1940. His grave is at the Pilgrim Home Cemetery, Holland, Michigan.

## Selected works

* 1902 Zutphen, Netherlands: presbytery
* 1902 Zutphen, Netherlands: gate-house for a Catholic cemetery
* 1905–1909 Beek, Netherlands: restoration of the Reformed church, construction of new apse and consistory
* 1906 Wijchen, Netherlands: restoration of the castle
* 1910–1911 Leur, Netherlands: restoration of the Reformed church
* 1911 Rosmalen, Netherlands: extension of the Catholic St. Lambert's church
* 1914 Westwoods, Illinois: Church of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary
* 1917–1918 Lindsay, Texas: St. Peter's Church
* 1922-1924 Covington, Kentucky: St. John the Evangelist church
* 1924 St. Louis, Missouri : St. Aloysius church
* 1926 St. Louis, Missouri: Holy Family church
* 1927–1928 Columbus, Ohio, St. Aloysius church
* 1927–1931 Columbus, Ohio : Pontifical College Josephinum
* 1930 Louisville, Kentucky: The Cumberland (apartment building)
* Year unknown Raymond, Illinois: St. Raymond church
* Year unknown Conway, Arkansas: St. Joseph church
* 1925 Muenster, Texas: Sacred Heart School
# L'Arlésienne (1942 film)

L'Arlésienne is a 1942 French drama film directed by Marc Allégret, starring Raimu and a young Louis Jourdan. It is based on Alphonse Daudet's play L'Arlésienne.

## Plot

In the Camargue a local young man named Frédéri (Jourdan) falls in love with a young woman from Arles. His family thinks she is unsuitable as a wife because she had a fling with a soldier. His entourage attempt to cheer him up but he intends to commit suicide.

## Selected Cast

* Louis Jourdan as Frédéri
* Raimu as Marc, the boss
* Gaby Morlay as Rose Mamaï
* Édouard Delmont as Balthazar, the shepherd
* Fernand Charpin as Francet Mamaï
* Gisèle Pascal as Vivette
* Charles Moulin as Mitifio, the guardian
* Annie Toinon as the rambler
# Salahudin Awae

Salahudin Awae (Thai สาลาฮูดิน อาแว;, born November 1, 1983) is a Thai retired footballer. Salahudin won the league championship in 2008.

## Club career

In 2010 he was signed from Muang Thong United to Buriram PEA F.C. in the Thai Premier League.
He transferred to PTT Rayong FC in 2011.

## International career

On the back of performing extremely well in the Thailand Division 1 League and helping his clubside to the league championship, Salahudin was called up to the full national side in coach Peter Reid's first squad announcement. He was called up with 35 other players to the 2008 T&T Cup hosted by Vietnam.
He made his debut against North Korea on October 28, 2008 in the T&T Cup 2008.
Salahudin was a member of the victorious T&T Cup 2008 winning squad.

## Honours
### Thailand

* ASEAN Football Championship: Runners-up 2008
* T&T Cup: 2008

### Clubs

* Thailand Division 1 League: 2008 with Muang Thong United
* Thai Premier League 2009 Champions With Muang Thong United