# Chilas

Chilas (Urdu: چلاس) is a city in Pakistani-administered Gilgit–Baltistan in the disputed Kashmir region. It is the divisional capital of Diamer Division and is located on the Indus River. It is part of the Silk Road, connected by the Karakoram Highway and N-90 National Highway to Islamabad and Peshawar in the southwest, via Hazara and Malakand divisions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. To the north, Chilas connects to the cities of Tashkurgan and Kashgar in Xinjiang, China, via Gilgit, Aliabad, Sust, and the Khunjerab Pass.
Chilas is the headquarters of Diamir district. The weather is hot and dry in the summer and dry and cold in the winter. It can be reached by the Karakoram highway and also through the Kaghan valley and the Babusar Pass. Chilas is on the left bank of the Indus River. The beautiful Fairy Meadows National Park and Nanga Parbat, the ninth highest peak in the world, are also located in Chilas.
Karakoram International University recently opened a sub-campus in Chilas.

## History

Even after Kashmiri-British rule was imposed a century ago, the Indus Valley west of Chilas was a hornet’s nest of tiny republics; there was one in almost every side valley, each loosely guided by a jirga (council of tribal elders) but effectively leaderless, all at war with one another and feuding internally. Though administratively lumped with Gilgit, Chilas and its neighbours are temperamentally more like Indus Kohistani people, probably due to a similarly hostile environment and the same Sunni Muslim orthodoxy. Their ancestors were converted to Islam by a Sufi Muslim, from the Kaghan valley. Syed Noor Shah, known as Ghazi Baba, was the first man to preach Islam in Thak, and built the first mosque, which is still there. Ghazi Baba belonged to the Syed family of Kaghan. In Tangir and Darel, Islam came from the direction of Swat direction.
Chilas Fort was first garrisoned to protect British supply lines over the Babusar Pass, and beefed up after local tribes nearly overran it in 1893. Now a police post, it has put a lid on Chilas, though not on the Darel and Tangir Valleys to the west.
The Chilasis are Shina speakers, with some Pashtun settlers speaking Pashto. Urdu and some English are also spoken.

## Climate

Chilas has a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen: BSk). The average temperature is 28.2 °C (82.8 °F) in July and 5.6 °C (42.1 °F) in January.
vteClimate data for Chilas, elevation: 1,176 m (3,858 ft), 1982–2012 normals :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 10.2 (50.4) | 13.2 (55.8) | 18.5 (65.3) | 23.9 (75.0) | 29.0 (84.2) | 34.0 (93.2) | 34.7 (94.5) | 33.5 (92.3) | 30.6 (87.1) | 25.3 (77.5) | 19.3 (66.7) | 12.5 (54.5) | 23.7 (74.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.6 (42.1) | 8.2 (46.8) | 13.0 (55.4) | 18.0 (64.4) | 22.3 (72.1) | 26.9 (80.4) | 28.2 (82.8) | 27.4 (81.3) | 23.9 (75.0) | 18.3 (64.9) | 12.5 (54.5) | 7.3 (45.1) | 17.6 (63.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.1 (34.0) | 3.2 (37.8) | 7.5 (45.5) | 12.1 (53.8) | 15.7 (60.3) | 19.8 (67.6) | 21.8 (71.2) | 21.4 (70.5) | 17.2 (63.0) | 11.3 (52.3) | 5.7 (42.3) | 2.2 (36.0) | 11.6 (52.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 17 (0.7) | 25 (1.0) | 42 (1.7) | 46 (1.8) | 35 (1.4) | 10 (0.4) | 17 (0.7) | 19 (0.7) | 8 (0.3) | 18 (0.7) | 6 (0.2) | 11 (0.4) | 254 (10) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org ||||||||||||||

## Ancient petroglyphs

More than 50,000 Buddhist petroglyphs and inscriptions line the Karakoram Highway in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. They are concentrated at ten major sites between Hunza and Shatial, but more have been found near Skardu and Shigar, where Karl Jettmar [de] and Thewalt found the remains of a Buddhist monastery in 1984. The carvings were left by various invaders, traders and pilgrims who passed along the trade route, as well as by locals. The earliest date back to between 5000 and 1000 BC, showing single animals, triangular men and hunting scenes in which the animals sometimes are larger than the hunters. These carvings were pecked into the rocks with stone tools and are covered with a thick patina that proves their age. Later — mostly Buddhist — carvings were sometimes executed with a sharp chisel.
Jettmar tried to piece together the history of the area from various inscriptions and recorded his findings in "Rockcarvings and Inscriptions in the Northern Areas of Pakistan" and the later "Between Gandhara and the Silk Roads: Rock carvings along the Karakoram Highway".
The Kharoshthi term "Kaboa" (or Kamboa) appears in a short commemorative Kharosthi inscription found from Chilas as reported by the Archaeological Department of Pakistan. The inscription has been transcribed, translated and interpreted by Ahmad Hasan Dani, a Pakistani archaeologist, historian, and linguist, who was among the foremost authorities on South Asian archaeology and history. According to Dani, Kaboa or Kamboa of the inscription is a Kharoshthised form of Sanskrit Kamboja. Thus, it seems likely that Chilas also formed part of an ancient Kamboja kingdom.
* (Bala)rama and Krishna at Chilas. The Kharoshthi inscription nearby reads Rama [kri]ṣa. 1st century CE.
* Buddhist stupa, circa 300-350 CE based on paleography.
* Donor in Central Asian dress with Sanskrit name venerating a stupa, Thalpan-Ziyarat, northern Pakistan, circa 7th century CE.

## Notable persons

* Muhammad Bilal Khan, journalist (1997 - 2019)
* Hussain Ahmad Journalist
1995 -