# Chromosome 16

Chromosome 16 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 16 spans about 90 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents just under 3% of the total DNA in cells.

## Genes
### Number of genes

The following are some of the gene count estimates of human chromosome 16. Because researchers use different approaches to genome annotation their predictions of the number of genes on each chromosome varies (for technical details, see gene prediction). Among various projects, the collaborative consensus coding sequence project (CCDS) takes an extremely conservative strategy. So CCDS's gene number prediction represents a lower bound on the total number of human protein-coding genes.
| Estimated by | Protein-coding genes | Non-coding RNA genes | Pseudogenes | Release date |
| CCDS | 795 | — | — | 2016-09-08 |
| HGNC | 802 | 251 | 365 | 2017-05-12 |
| Ensembl | 865 | 1,046 | 462 | 2017-03-29 |
| UniProt | 838 | — | — | 2018-02-28 |
| NCBI | 912 | 652 | 502 | 2017-05-19 |

### Gene list

The following is a partial list of genes on human chromosome 16. For complete list, see the link in the infobox on the right.
* AARS1: encoding enzyme Alanyl—tRNA synthetase 1
* ACSF3: encoding enzyme Acyl-CoA synthetase family member 3
* ACSM2B: encoding enzyme Acyl-coenzyme A synthetase ACSM2B, mitochondrial
* ACSM3: encoding enzyme Acyl-coenzyme A synthetase ACSM3, mitochondrial 2
* ADHD1: Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, susceptibility to, 1
* ARL6IP1: encoding protein ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 6-interacting protein 1
* ARMC5
* BMIQ5: Body mass index quantitative trait locus 5
* C16orf58: encoding protein Chromosome 16 open reading frame 58
* C16orf71: encoding protein Uncharacterized protein Chromosome 16 Open Reading Frame 71
* C16orf82:
* C16orf84:
* C16orf95:
* C16orf96: encoding protein C16orf96, or chromosome 16 open reading frame 96,
* CARHSP1: Calcium-regulated heat stable protein 1
* CASP16P: encoding protein Caspase 16, pseudogene
* CCDC113: encoding protein Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 113
* Ccdc78: encoding protein Coiled-coil domain-containing 78 (CCDC78)
* CDIPT: CDP-diacylglycerol-inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase
* CFDP1: Craniofacial development protein 1
* CHDS1: Coronary heart disease, susceptibility to, 1
* CIAPIN1: Anamorsin (originally, Cytokine induced apoptosis inhibitor 1)
* CKLF: Chemokine-like factor
* CLUAP1:
* CMTM2: encoding protein CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing protein 2
* CCDC135: encoding protein Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 135
* COTL1: encoding protein Coactosin-like protein
* CPNE7: encoding protein Copine 7
* CTRL: Chymotrypsin-like protease
* DCTPP1: encoding enzyme dCTP pyrophosphatase 1
* DEL16P12.1P11.2: Chromosome 16p12.2-p11.2 deletion syndrome
* DEL16p13.3, RSTSS: Chromosome 16p13.3 deletion syndrome (Rubinstein-Taybi deletion syndrome)
* DHX38: DEAH-box helicase 38
* DUP16p13.3, C16DUPq13.3: Chromosome 16p13.3 duplication syndrome
* EMP2: Epithelial membrane protein 2
* ENKD1: Enkurin domain-containing protein 1
* ERAF: Alpha-hemoglobin-stabilizing protein
* FAHD1: Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase domain-containing protein 1
* FAM57B: Family with sequence similarity 57 member B
* FBRS: Probably fibrosin-1 long transcript protein
* FOXC2-AS1: encoding protein FOXC2 antisense RNA 1
* GLG1: Golgi apparatus protein 1
* HBAP1: Hemoglobin, alpha pseudogene 1
* HBHR, ATR1: Alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome, type 1
* HIRIP3: encoding protein HIRA-interacting protein 3
* IBD8: Inflammatory bowel disease 8
* IHPS2: Pyloric stenosis, infantile hypertrophic, 2
* ITFG3: encoding protein Protein ITFG3
* JPT2: encoding protein Jupiter microtubule associated homolog 2
* KDM8: encoding protein Lysine demethylase 8
* KIAA0895L: uncharacterized protein KIAA0895-like
* LINC00273 encoding protein Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 273
* LOC124220: encoding protein Zymogen granule protein 16 homolog B
* LOC81691:
* LUC7L: encoding protein Putative RNA-binding protein Luc7-like 1
* LYPLA3: encoding enzyme Group XV phospholipase A2
* MC1R: melanocortin 1 receptor
* MCOPCT1: Microphthalmia with cataract 1
* METRN: encoding protein Meteorin, glial cell differentiation regulator
* METTL26/JFP2: encoding protein Chromosome 16 open reading frame 13
* MKL2: encoding protein MKL/myocardin-like protein 2
* MPHOSPH6: encoding enzyme M-phase phosphoprotein 6
* MT1G: encoding protein Metallothionein-1G
* MT1X: encoding protein Metallothionein 1X
* NIP30: encoding protein NIP30 protein
* NOB1: encoding protein RNA-binding protein NOB1
* NOMO1: encoding protein Nodal modulator 1
* NPW: encoding protein Neuropeptide W
* NUBP2: encoding protein Nucleotide-binding protein 2
* NUPR1: encoding protein Nuclear protein 1
* OGFOD1:
* PDF: encoding enzyme Peptide deformylase, mitochondrial
* PDPR: encoding protein Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase regulatory subunit
* PKDTS: Polycystic kidney disease, infantile severe, with tuberous sclerosis
* PMFBP1: encoding protein Polyamine-modulated factor 1-binding protein 1
* POLR3K: encoding enzyme DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC10
* PRMT7: encoding protein Protein arginine methyltransferase 7
* PRR35: encoding protein Proline rich 35
* RPS15A: encoding protein 40S ribosomal protein S15a
* RSL1D1: encoding protein Ribosomal L1 domain-containing protein 1
* SHCBP1: encoding protein SHC SH2 domain-binding protein 1
* SLZ1: encoding protein SLX1 structure-specific endonuclease subunit homolog B (S. cerevisiae)
* SNAI3-AS1: encoding protein SNAI3 antisense RNA 1
* SNORD71: encoding protein Small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 71
* SPSB3: encoding protein SplA/ryanodine receptor domain and SOCS box containing 3
* SRCAP: encoding enzyme Helicase SRCAP
* TANGO6: encoding protein Transport and Golgi organization protein 6 homolog
* TAO2: encoding Serine/threonine-protein kinase TAO2
* TBC1D24: encoding protein TBC1 domain family, member 24
* TEDC2: encoding protein Tubulin epsilon and delta complex 2
* TELO2: encoding protein Telomere length regulation protein TEL2 homolog
* TMEM112: encoding enzyme Lipase maturation factor 1
* TMEM8A: encoding protein Transmembrane protein 8A
* TNRC6A: encoding protein Trinucleotide repeat-containing gene 6A protein
* Tuberous sclerosis complex tumor suppressors: encoding [] FALSE
* TSR3: encoding
* UNKL: encoding protein RING finger protein unkempt-like
* VAT1L: encoding protein Vesicle amine transport protein 1 homolog (T. californica)-like
* VPS35L: encoding protein VPS35 Endosomal Protein Sorting Factor Like
* WFDC1: encoding protein WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 1
* ZG16
* ZNF23: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 23
* ZNF200: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 200
* ZNF263: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 263
* ZNF629: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 629
* ZNF843: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 843

## Diseases and disorders

* Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
* Asperger syndrome
* Autism spectrum disorder
* Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (PKD-1)
* Batten disease
* Combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria (CMAMMA)
* Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF)
* Synesthesia
* Thalassemia
* Trisomy 16
* Morquio syndrome

## Associated traits

* Red hair

## Cytogenetic band

G-bands of human chromosome 16 in resolution 850 bphs :
| Chr. | Arm | Band | ISCN start | ISCN stop | Basepair start | Basepair stop | Stain | Density |
| 16 | p | 13.3 | 0 | 352 | 1 | 7,800,000 | gneg | |
| 16 | p | 13.2 | 352 | 596 | 7,800,001 | 10,400,000 | gpos | 50 |
| 16 | p | 13.13 | 596 | 813 | 10,400,001 | 12,500,000 | gneg | |
| 16 | p | 13.12 | 813 | 948 | 12,500,001 | 14,700,000 | gpos | 50 |
| 16 | p | 13.11 | 948 | 1070 | 14,700,001 | 16,700,000 | gneg | |
| 16 | p | 12.3 | 1070 | 1246 | 16,700,001 | 21,200,000 | gpos | 50 |
| 16 | p | 12.2 | 1246 | 1409 | 21,200,001 | 24,200,000 | gneg | |
| 16 | p | 12.1 | 1409 | 1558 | 24,200,001 | 28,500,000 | gpos | 50 |
| 16 | p | 11.2 | 1558 | 1856 | 28,500,001 | 35,300,000 | gneg | |
| 16 | p | 11.1 | 1856 | 2045 | 35,300,001 | 36,800,000 | acen | |
| 16 | q | 11.1 | 2045 | 2194 | 36,800,001 | 38,400,000 | acen | |
| 16 | q | 11.2 | 2194 | 2709 | 38,400,001 | 47,000,000 | gvar | |
| 16 | q | 12.1 | 2709 | 2953 | 47,000,001 | 52,600,000 | gneg | |
| 16 | q | 12.2 | 2953 | 3142 | 52,600,001 | 56,000,000 | gpos | 50 |
| 16 | q | 13 | 3142 | 3346 | 56,000,001 | 57,300,000 | gneg | |
| 16 | q | 21 | 3346 | 3657 | 57,300,001 | 66,600,000 | gpos | 100 |
| 16 | q | 22.1 | 3657 | 4023 | 66,600,001 | 70,800,000 | gneg | |
| 16 | q | 22.2 | 4023 | 4118 | 70,800,001 | 72,800,000 | gpos | 50 |
| 16 | q | 22.3 | 4118 | 4294 | 72,800,001 | 74,100,000 | gneg | |
| 16 | q | 23.1 | 4294 | 4551 | 74,100,001 | 79,200,000 | gpos | 75 |
| 16 | q | 23.2 | 4551 | 4659 | 79,200,001 | 81,600,000 | gneg | |
| 16 | q | 23.3 | 4659 | 4768 | 81,600,001 | 84,100,000 | gpos | 50 |
| 16 | q | 24.1 | 4768 | 4930 | 84,100,001 | 87,000,000 | gneg | |
| 16 | q | 24.2 | 4930 | 5025 | 87,000,001 | 88,700,000 | gpos | 25 |
| 16 | q | 24.3 | 5025 | 5120 | 88,700,001 | 90,338,345 | gneg | |