OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Stephen J. Smith (politician)

Stephen J. Smith (born August 31, 1951) is an American businessman, accountant, and Democratic politician, who served in the Wisconsin State Assembly.

## Background

Smith graduated from the University of Wisconsin–Superior and is a business owner and accountant. His mother, Patricia Spafford Smith, who died in 2002, was also a business owner and accountant, and served in the Assembly as a Democrat from 1979 to 1983.

## Public office

Smith served on the Barron County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors. On November 6, 2012, he was elected to the Wisconsin State Assembly's 75th district (the same district his mother had represented) as a Democrat, defeating Republican incumbent Roger Rivard, who had become controversial after quoting his father as telling him as a teenager that "some girls rape easy" as a warning that what he may think is consensual teenage sex can become rape after the fact.
On November 4, 2014, Republican Romaine Quinn defeated Smith for the Wisconsin Assembly seat.
# Garsende of Béziers

Garsende of Béziers (died 1034), was the ruling suo jure Viscount of Béziers and Agde in 994–1034. In 990, she married Raymonde, son of the Viscount of Carcassonne.
# Rodrigo Afonso

Rodrigo Afonso (fl. late 15th century) was a Portuguese colonial administrator.

## Biography

His early life is unknown. He was probably born on Ribeira Grande (now Cidade Velha) and was the first colonial governor who was born in Cape Verde. He was probably one of the first Portuguese people born in Cape Verde. He was likely a son of the explorer Diogo Afonso.
He was later the 2nd and last captain of Northern Santiago. He was donated the island of Boa Vista in 1490 and became captain on from October 29, 1497, until 1505 and three days later for Boa Vista Island. The main administration of Southern Santiago would be ruled only by the corregedor of Cape Verde, from 1588 to 1975 as governor.
# PAAZ (gene)

PAAZ (gene) may refer to the following:
* 3-Oxo-5,6-dehydrosuberyl-CoA semialdehyde dehydrogenase, an enzyme
* Oxepin-CoA hydrolase, an enzyme
# Shin-Shinano Frequency Converter

Shin-Shinano Frequency Converter (新信濃変電所, Shin Shinano Hendensho) is the designation of a back-to-back high-voltage direct current (HVDC) facility in Japan which forms one of four frequency converter stations that link Japan's western and eastern power grids. The other three stations are at Higashi-Shimizu, Minami-Fukumitsu, and Sakuma Dam.

## Converter equipment

The HVDC back-to-back facility Shin Shinano uses line-commutated thyristor converters. The station houses two converters, one of which opened in December 1977, the other in 1992. The original 1977 converter was one of the first thyristor-based HVDC schemes to be put into operation in the world and used oil-insulated, oil-cooled outdoor thyristor valves supplied by Hitachi (60 Hz end) and Toshiba (50 Hz end). A special workshop was provided on the site, in which valve maintenance (for example replacing failed thyristors) could be carried out under clean conditions in order to avoid contamination of the oil.
The 1992 converter uses more conventional air-insulated, water-cooled thyristor valves. In 2008 the original 1977 converter was decommissioned and replaced by a third converter, similar in design to the 1992 converter but using light-triggered thyristors.
The Shin-Shinano link operates with a DC link voltage of 125 kV for each converter. The station was initially rated at 300 MW. In 1992, with the addition of the second 300 MW converter, the maximum transferable power was uprated to 600 MW.
# Banu Muhriz

The Banu Muhriz were an Arab princely family that controlled the fortresses of Marqab (Margat), Kahf and Qadmus in the late 11th and early 12th centuries.
The family is credited by a 13th-century Alawite treatise for patronizing the budding Alawite community in the southern Syrian Coastal Mountain Range, along with two other local families, the Banu'l-Ahmar and Banu'l-Arid. The former controlled the Balatunus (Mahalibeh) fortress until losing it to the Byzantines in 1031, while the latter were based in the mountains west of Homs. A member of the Banu Muhriz, the emir of Qadmus Abdallah ibn Ja'far ibn Muhriz, hosted the prominent Alawite missionary Abu'l-Khayr Ahmad ibn Salama al-Hadda (died 1065) in the fortress. An 11th-century poem by an Alawite religious figure celebrated the family. Alawite religious literature notes that another member of the family, the emir Nasih al-Dawla Jaysh ibn Muhammad ibn Muhriz, was a prominent Alawite scholar.
The Banu Muhriz lost control of Marqab to the Crusaders in 1117. From 1116, the area around Marqab had experienced scarcity and famine, compelling the Muhriz emir to offer control of the fortress to the Seljuk atabeg Toghtekin and the ruler of Jableh, Ibn al-Sulayha or Fakhr al-Mulk ibn Ammar, or threaten to hand it over to the Crusaders. Ibn al-Sulayha or Fakhr al-Mulk, with directions from Toghtekin, agreed to take possession of Marqab alongside the Banu Muhriz. In 1117–1118, a period marked by a poor harvest and food shortages in northern Syria, the Crusaders under Roger of Antioch moved toward Hama and Raphanea, both controlled by Toghtekin, and threatened to capture both towns unless Toghtekin ceded Marqab to them. Toghtekin acceded and instructed Ibn al-Sulayha to unconditionally hand over the fortress, but the Banu Muhriz ignored the orders, and Ibn al-Sulayha or Fakhr al-Mulk departed for Kahf. The Banu Muhriz refused to surrender Marqab to the Crusaders of Baniyas under Renaud I Masoiers, who had arrived to take possession of it, and entered negotiations to keep the family resident in Marqab under Crusader control. Although the Crusaders accepted and entered Marqab per the agreement, they soon after dislodged the Banu Muhriz and gave them the fortress of Maniqa instead. Not long after, Maniqa was captured from the family by the Crusaders.
The Banu Muhriz surrendered Qadmus to the Crusader lord Bohemond II of Antioch in 1129. It was captured by the Arab chieftain Sayf al-Mulk ibn Amrun with the assistance of the local Alawites in 1135. It was purchased from Ibn Amrun by the Isma'ilis in 1136. Kahf was lost to the Isma'ilis in 1137. Abdallah ibn Ja'far ibn Muhriz's tomb in Qadmus was venerated by local Alawite and Isma'ilis until it fell into disrepair in modern times.
# Paranisopodus peruanus

Paranisopodus peruanus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Miguel Angel Monné and Marcela Laura Monné in 2007. It is known from Peru and Ecuador.
Paranisopodus peruanus measure 11 mm (0.43 in).
# Jayita Sarkar

Jayita Sarkar (born in 1986) is an Indian-born American historian and a Professor at the University of Glasgow who studies global history of inequalities, capitalism, and empire.

## Background and personal life

She received a Ph.D. in international history from the Geneva Graduate Institute, an MA in sociology at the Paris-Sorbonne University, and a BA and MA in political science and international relations at Jadavpur University. She speaks fluent French, Bengali, and Hindi.

## Work

Sarkar was an associate professor at the University of Glasgow and assistant professor at Boston University She has also held fellowships at the Harvard University, Dartmouth College, Yale University and University of Edinburgh.
Her first book, Ploughshares and Swords: India’s Nuclear Program in the Global Cold War (Cornell University Press, 2022), examines the international and transnational history of India's nuclear program.
The book was awarded the 2024 Bernard S. Cohn Book Prize by the Association for Asian Studies for first books on South Asia. It also won an honorable mention from the global development section of the International Studies Association. It has been called "required reading for historians of several different fields – foreign relations, science and technology, and decolonization."
Sarkar has also been awarded the Doreen and Jim McElvany Nonproliferation Challenge Grand Prize in 2018, alongside historian John Krige for presenting "outstanding historical research that makes a direct intervention into a hot topic in scholarly quantitative literature with clear policy relevance."
Sarkar was elected a fellow of the Royal Historical Society. She has contributed op-eds to The Washington Post, Foreign Policy and Lawfare.
# Jayadheer Tirumala Rao

Jayadheer Tirumala Rao (born 20 June 1950) is a professor, poet, and historian from Telangana, India. He has been researching about tribal people and their culture for more than 35 years.

## Life

Jayadheer Tirumala Rao graduated from Telugu university in 1974. He became interested in studying the Gonds and Chenchu tribes spread in southern Indian forests. He gathered the oral histories of several tribes like Koyas as part of his research.
He was elected as the president of Telangana writers forum in 2014.
In 2017, he conducted an exhibition in Ravindra Bharathi, Hyderabad with the items he had collected from various places in the Deccan Plateau. In 2019, an open music exhibition was conducted showcasing more than 100 varieties of musical instruments collected by him. In 2021, he organized another exhibition which showcased rare manuscripts at State Art Gallery, Madhapur.
He documented the oral history of Sammakka Saralamma popular deities among the tribal people.
He promotes state policy changes to continue the tribal arts and culture for future generations.

## Works

He wrote a series of essays with the title Tovva Muchatlu in Andhra Bhoomi from 2011 to 2018. In these articles he depicted cultural, economic, and socio-political issues.
He wrote three poetry books: Aranya Nethram, Prathi Dhvanulu, Aagraha Geethalu.
# Maria Wonenburger

María Josefa Wonenburger Planells (July 17, 1927, in Montrove, Oleiros, Galicia – June 14, 2014, in A Coruña) was a Galician mathematician who did research in the United States and Canada. She is known for her work on group theory. She was the first Spaniard to obtain a Fulbright scholarship for doctoral studies in mathematics.

## Biography

Wonenburger's father's family was Alsatian and her mother's family was from Valencia. She had a passion for mathematics from an early age, though her parents wanted her to study engineering so that she could participate in the family business, a foundry. After completing her undergraduate studies at the Universidad Central de Madrid, now known as Complutense University of Madrid, she began her doctoral work there. A Fulbright scholar, her studies took her to Yale University where she completed her Ph.D. in 1957 under Nathan Jacobson. She returned to Spain three years later with a scholarship to Instituto de Matemáticas Jorge Juan del CSIC. At the end of the grant, she moved to Canada where her first PhD student was Robert Moody.
In 1966, she moved to the United States to teach at the University of Buffalo, and the following year, in 1967, she received a permanent post as a professor at the University of Indiana, where she remained until 1983. Because of her mother's illness, she returned to La Coruña in 1983, and remained away from the academic world, except some sporadic collaboration with institutions such as AGAPEMA. Her research mainly focused on group theory and the theory of Lie algebras. She studied the orthogonal group and its corresponding projective group. She directed eight doctoral theses; in addition to Moody, her students included Stephen Berman, Bette Warren, Edward George Gibson, and Richard Lawrence Marcuson.
In 2010, the Galician government and University of A Coruña established the María Josefa Wonenburger Planells Prize in her honor. The award recognizes women with achievements in science and technology.
# Alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase

Alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase may refer to the following:
* Alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (GDP-forming)
* Alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (UDP-forming)
# Ausleben

Ausleben is a municipality in the Börde district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.
# Taeha Types

Tae Ha Kim, known by his streaming channel Taeha Types, is a mechanical keyboard creator and livestreamer. While known for his commissioned keyboards, his Twitch livestream compose his primary occupation. His channel has influenced the rise of the mechanical keyboard hobby, particularly boosted by his viral video assembling a commission for Fortnite streamer Tfue.

## Early life

Tae Ha Kim was born in 1995 or 1996 and raised in California. Prior to streaming, he worked as a software engineer.

## Streaming career

Kim began live streaming himself assembling mechanical keyboards in 2018. He was not the first creator to do so, but he focused on making his videos accessible to beginners and creating a platform for keyboard appreciation. The condensed cut of his livestream assembling a keyboard for Fortnite streamer Tfue became a viral hit, with two million views in under two weeks. Kim's Twitch channel is his primary occupation, where he is funded by donations and subscriptions, rather than by commissions. Kim has created keyboards by commission for other livestreamers, including LilyPichu. Tom's Hardware described Kim's popular livestream as being a significant contributor to the growth of the mechanical keyboard hobby.
Kim also makes ASMR typing videos and contributed to a vinyl record of mechanical keyboard sounds released on Trunk Records in 2019.
# Jim Steineke

James Steineke (born November 23, 1970) is a Wisconsin real estate agent and Republican politician from Kaukauna, Wisconsin. He was the majority leader of the Wisconsin State Assembly from January 2015 until his resignation from the Assembly in July 2022. He had represented Wisconsin's 5th Assembly district since 2011.

## Early life and career

Born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Steineke attended the University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh and the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. He worked as a realtor.

## Public office

He was a member of the board of supervisors for the town of Vandenbroek from 2005 to 2007, and was chairman of the town board from 2007 to 2011. He also served on the Outagamie County board of supervisors from 2006 to 2011.
Steineke was elected to the Wisconsin State Assembly in 2010 in the Wisconsin's 5th Assembly district, which then comprised much of eastern Outagamie County, the Town of Maple Grove in Shawano County, and part of western Brown County. He succeeded Democrat Tom Nelson, who had decline running for re-election to seek election as lieutenant governor. He has identified himself as a proponent of limited government and lower taxes.
In November 2020, Steineke was re-elected as the Assembly Majority Leader by his GOP colleagues.
In March 2021, Steineke applauded the conservative majority on the Wisconsin Supreme Court for preventing Governor Tony Evers from extending a face mask mandate intended to halt the spread of the coronavirus.
In January 2022, Steineke announced he would not run for re-election in 2022. After announcing his retirement, he denounced the 2020 election review recommendations of Michael Gableman, saying that Gableman's suggestion that the legislature could "decertify the 2020 election" "would be the end of our republic as we know it."
# Tyler Vorpagel

Tyler Vorpagel (born March 24, 1985) is an American Republican politician. He is a former member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing the 27th Assembly district from 2015 through 2022.

## Biography

Born in Plymouth, Wisconsin, Vorpagel graduated from Plymouth High School in 2003. He went on to the University of Wisconsin–Green Bay, where he earned his bachelor's degree in political science and public administration in 2007. After graduating, he was employed as a staffer for Congressman Tom Petri, and was later promoted to district director. Vorpagel became well known in the local Republican Party of Wisconsin and was elected as a delegate to the 2012 Republican National Convention.
In 2014, Vorpagel entered the race for Wisconsin State Assembly in the 5th district seat being vacated by Steve Kestell, who was not running for another term. Vorpagel immediately unveiled endorsements from Plymouth Mayor Don Pohlman and State Representative André Jacque, of the neighboring 2nd State Assembly district. He faced a close contest in the Republican primary, and prevailed with 36% of the vote. He went on to defeat Democrat Scott Grover Heinig with 64% of the vote in the November general election. He was subsequently reelected in 2016 and 2018 by a similar margin. He did not face an opponent in 2020.
In November 2020, Vorpagel was elected by his colleagues to serve as the Chair of the Majority Caucus.
In April 2022, Vorpagel announced he would not run for a fifth term to the state legislature.
# Bill Kramer

Bill Kramer (born January 21, 1965) is an American attorney, businessman, and former politician. A Republican, he was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly for 8 years and was majority leader from September 2013 to March 2014, when he was forced to quit the leadership due to sexual misconduct charges.

## Career

Born in Waukesha, Wisconsin, Kramer graduated from Waukesha South High School, He then graduated from University of Wisconsin–Whitewater with a degree in accounting and received his J.D. degree from Duke University. Kramer is the owner of an accounting business and has served in the Wisconsin State Assembly since 2007 as a Republican. In 2013, the Republican members of the Wisconsin Assembly named Kramer majority leader of the Wisconsin Assembly, replacing Scott Suder, who resigned.

## Sexual assault allegations and conviction

Kramer was removed from this position on March 4, 2014, following several allegations of sexual harassment. He was arrested in March 2014 after a GOP staffer accused him of sexual assault. She alleged that Kramer had grabbed her breasts and groin after a Republican event at a bar in Muskego on April 8, 2011. Kramer pleaded not guilty to those charges.
Kramer was sentenced to five months in jail, after pleading no contest to two charges of sexual assault with three years probation and was stripped of his Majority Leader status. He was allowed to finish out his term, but did not seek re-election.
# Eddy Gesualdo

Eduardo "Eddy" Gesualdo (born November 28, 1968) was a Canadian soccer player who played as a midfielder for the Winnipeg Fury.

## Career

Eddy played with the Winnipeg Fury, from 1990 to 1992. In 1992, he asked for his release from the club, after their 5–2 victory against Montreal Supra at Winnipeg Stadium, following a decrease in his playing time. He had made 14 total appearances during the 1990 and 1991 seasons, but had not made any appearances in 1992.
He has also been noted to play with the Sons of Italy Lions, Ital-Inter, Lucania and AC Italia in Winnipeg. In 2008, the 1992 Canadian Soccer League Champion Winnipeg Fury were inducted into the Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame, with members of the team re-uniting to play against local team AC Italia, which was Gesualdo's current team, resulting in him playing against his former teammates.
# Ann Hraychuck

Ann Marie Hraychuck (July 24, 1951 – June 6, 2021) was an American politician who served as a Democratic Party member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, from Balsam Lake, Wisconsin representing the 28th Assembly District from her 2006 election until 2010. She served as Majority Caucus Secretary. She was defeated in 2010 by Erik Severson.
She died of cancer on June 6, 2021, in Ashley, North Dakota, at age 69.
# Sara B. Pritchard

Sara B. Pritchard (born 1972) is an American historian of technology and environmental historian. She has written books on environmental technology and history. Pritchard is an associate professor of science and technology studies at Cornell University College of Arts and Sciences.

## Education

Pritchard earned a B.A. from University of Puget Sound. She completed a Ph.D. and M.A. from Stanford University.

## Career

Pritchard works on the history of technology, environmental history, and environmental technology, as well as environmental knowledge-making, environmental and technical expertise, and conservation science, politics, and history. She is an associate professor of science and technology studies at Cornell University College of Arts and Sciences.

## Works

Pritchard's first book is Confluence: The Nature of Technology and the Remaking of the Rhône. With Dolly Jørgensen and Finn Arne Jørgensen, she co-edited the book New Natures: Joining Environmental History with Science and Technology Studies. Pritchard has also written, with Carl A. Zimring, Technology and the Environment in History. Pritchard is currently working on a book titled From Blue to Black Marble: Knowing Light Pollution in the Anthropocene. Her work for this project has been supported by a National Science Foundation grant and Cornell University's Society for the Humanities. Pritchard delivered the 2017 Melville-Nelles-Hoffmann Lecture in Environmental History at York University. In 2013, she gave a Rutgers Center for Historical Analysis Tuesday Morning Seminar Series talk at Rutgers University. Pritchard and her work have also been featured in The Boston Globe, The Atlantic, "Technology's Storytellers" from the Society for the History of Technology, and the podcast Flash Forward. In Fall 2020, she co-edited a special volume of Minding Nature on "Climate Change, Coronavirus, and Environmental Justice: A Collection of Undergraduate Creative Projects." Her most recent work addresses the history, legacy, and ethics of light-pollution.

## Awards

In 2005, Pritchard won the Joel A. Tarr Envirotech Article Prize.
# Utreloxastat

Utreloxastat (PTC857) is an investigational new drug developed by PTC Therapeutics for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

## Pharmacology

Utreloxastat is a 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) inhibitor that has been used to study α-synucleinopathies, tauopathies, traumatic brain injury, and ischemic-reperfusion related injuries. Utreloxastat is a redox‐active inhibitor of ferroptosis.

## Clinical trials

Utreloxastat has reached Phase 2 clinical trials for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However this trial failed to show significant efficacy in slowing disease progression.
# Arlene Setzer

Arlene Setzer (born March 2, 1944) is a former Republican member of the Ohio House of Representatives, who represented the 36th District from 2001 to 2008.

## Life and career

Setzer is a native of Dayton, Ohio and graduated from the University of Dayton with a Bachelor of Science degree in business administration and from Wright State University with a Master of Education degree. She has taught in the Vandalia, Ohio school system since 1967. She also worked at Wright State University as a professor.
In 1982, Setzer ran for Vandalia City Council, and won her first term. She served until 2000, and served twice as vice-mayor, from 1985 to 1988 and from 1995 to 2000.

## Ohio House of Representatives

When Representative Jeff Jacobson ran for the Ohio Senate in 2000, Setzer ran to replace him, and won the seat with 55.3% of the vote. She was seated on January 3, 2001. She won again in 2002 with 60.18% of the electorate, with 62.04% in 2004, and 60.08% in 2006.
Throughout her time in the legislature, Setzer served as Chairwoman of the Education Committee, a prominent position dealing with a plethora of issues.
Term limits required Setzer to relinquish her seat in 2008, and she was replaced by Seth Morgan. However, in 2011 Setzer ran for mayor of Vandalia, Ohio and was unopposed.