OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# European Communities (Finance) Act 2001

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The European Communities (Finance) Act 2001 (c. 22) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It was given royal assent and became law on 4 December 2001, but was later repealed on 19 February 2008 by the European Communities (Finance) Act 2008.

## Passage of the bill

The legislation was introduced to the House of Commons as the European Communities (Finance) Bill by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gordon Brown, on 21 June 2001. The Bill was read for the third time in the House of Commons on 18 October 2001 and passed to the House of Lords without a need for a vote. It was given Royal Assent and became law on 4 December 2001.

## Effect of the act

The act passed into UK law the decisions on the European Union budget taken at the Council of Ministers meeting of 29 September 2000. It did this by amending the introductory paragraph of the European Communities Act 1972 to include reference to the 29 September 2000 decision. The Act superseded and repealed the European Communities (Finance) Act 1995, but was in turn repealed by the European Communities (Finance) Act 2008.
# Melanie George Smith

Melanie George Smith (formerly Melanie George Marshall) is an American politician. She was a Democratic member of the Delaware House of Representatives from 2003 to 2019.
Smith was elected in 2002 to represent District 5 after winning the Democratic primary to replace Helene Keeley, who was running for the District 3 seat. The 2002 primary election was the last competitive race during her time in office, and she never faced an opponent in the general election.
In 2018, "dogged by questions about whether she still lived in the Bear district she represented," Smith announced would resign at the end of her term. Shortly before leaving office, she was criticized by open government advocates and Democratic Party officials for establishing a private business that would benefit from legislation she sponsored in her last month in office. She had previously stated that the legislation would not "have a material benefit for her" when advocating for the passage of the bill.
Smith earned her BA from the University of Pennsylvania and her JD from Georgetown University Law Center.
# Prasad Srinivasan

Prasad Srinivasan (born November 19, 1949) is a physician and Republican politician who represented the town of Glastonbury in the Connecticut House of Representatives from 2011 to 2019.

## Medical education and career

Srinivasan was born in India and graduated from Baroda Medical College there. He immigrated to the United States in 1975 and did his fellowship in allergy and immunology at Michael Reese Hospital in Chicago. He was chief pediatric resident at Brookdale Hospital in Brooklyn, NY. He is certified by the American Board of Pediatrics and the American Board of Allergy and Immunology. Srinavasan is an allergist in Glastonbury, Connecticut, treating both pediatric and adult patients.

## Political career

Srinivasan was first elected to the 31st district of the Connecticut House of Representatives in 2010, defeating incumbent Democrat Thomas Kehoe with 56% of the vote. He won reelection in 2012 against Chip Flanagan with 60% of the vote, in 2014 without any challenger, and in 2016 against Democrat Matt Saunig with 68% of the vote. He did not run for reelection in 2018. Srinivasan served on the Health Committee, the Environment Committee, and as one of the few non-lawyers, on the Judiciary Committee.
Srinivasan was a candidate for the Republican nomination for governor of Connecticut in 2018.

## Political views
### Families and children

In 2017, Srinivasan introduced House Bill 6645, to establish parental access equality in cases involving the custody of a minor child, but the bill died in the judiciary committee. In 2018, Srinivasan was one of only three members of the Judiciary Committee voting against the reconfirmation of the controversial family court judge Jane B. Emons, who was not reconfirmed despite the positive committee vote.

### Housing

In 2017, Srinivasan proposed legislation to address the problem with failing concrete foundations, but the bill died in the Joint Committee on Planning and Development.

### Taxes

Srinivasan has sponsored legislation to create tax credits for renewable energy, to eliminate the business entity tax, and to phase out the corporation business tax at a rate of one per cent per year.

## Awards and honors

Srinivasan received the 2013 "Legislator of the Year" Award from the Connecticut chapter of the American College of Surgeons, and the Ellis Island Medal of Honor. He was one of 18 Indian Americans who was given a Hind Ratan Award from the President of India in 2008.
# Joseph Layraud

Joseph Fortuné Séraphin Layraud (15 October 1834 – 12 October 1912) was a French painter. There is no complete clearance as to the birth' and the death' dates. Some sources refer to 1833–1913. His range included historical scenes and figures, religious and mythological subjects, landscapes, and portraits of contemporaries.

## Life and career

Layraud was born at La Roche-sur-le-Buis in south-eastern France. After beginning his training in Marseilles in 1853 he moved to Paris in 1856, studying at the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts under Léon Cogniet and Tony Robert-Fleury. He was awarded the Grand Prix de Rome in 1863.
After his time in Rome, Layraud travelled in Italy and Portugal, painting landscapes, he did some history paintings and many portraits. From 1892 he was a professor at the Académie des beaux-arts in Valenciennes. His pupils included Jules Chaine, Max Albert Decrouez, Grégoire Nicolas Finez, Lucien Hector Jonas, Charles Paris, Maurice Rufin and Alfred Léon Sauvage.
Layraud exhibited at the Paris Salon, winning medals in 1872; his work was shown at the 1889 and 1900 Expositions Universelles.
Layraud was appointed Chevalier of the Légion d'Honneur in 1890 and was promoted to Officer in 1903. He died 1913 on his birth day, in Valenciennes.

## Works

Layraud's works are on show in French galleries in:
* Avignon (Doctor P E Chauffard)
* Bayonne (Femme au chapeau noir)
* Cahors (portrait of Léon Gambetta)
* Chambery (Le bon Samaritain)
* Épinal (Marsyas Flayed)
* Narbonne (Diogenes)
* Paris
** Musée d'Orsay (Chambre mortuaire de Gambetta)
** École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts (Joseph se fait reconnaître par ses frères)
* Troyes (vue de Lisbonne prise de la rive gauche du Tage; vue du Tage prise du palais de l'ambassade de France)
* Valence (Joseph se fait reconnaître par ses frères), (Wreck of the Medusa; Mgr Catton; Inès de Castro)
The Musée des beaux-arts of his adopted city, Valenciennes, holds many works by Layraud, including Bulls Brought Out and many portraits of which that of Liszt is among the best known.
Internationally, Layraud's work is displayed in Melbourne (Italian Highwaymen), the Ajuda National Palace, and Smith College Museum of Art, Massachusetts (Portrait de Pierre Dupont).
# Kaula al-Yahudi

Kaula al-Yahudi (c. 685–711) was a Jewish general of the 8th century, appointed by Ṭāriq ibn Ziyad. He played a significant role in the Battle of Jerez against the Visigoths in 711, leading a combined force of Jews and Berbers that secured control over a portion of Catalonia.
Al-Yahudi later led a rebellion against the oppressive rule of Al-Ḥurr ibn 'Abd al-Raḥman, the Umayyad governor of Spain. Al-Ḥurr attacked him with a superior army, resulting in al-Yahudi's retreat toward Lerida. There he was defeated, taken, and executed in 718. The Jews in his army, pursued by Al-Ḥurr, found refuge among their coreligionists in the cities of Catalonia.
# TRT (disambiguation)

The TRT is the Turkish Radio and Television Corporation, the national public broadcaster of Turkey.
TRT or trt may also refer to:

## Businesses and organisations

* Thai Rak Thai, a Thai political party (1998–2007)
* Tidewater Regional Transit, Virginia, United States (1973–1999)
* Tong Ren Tang, a Chinese pharmaceutical company (founded 1669)
* Tshiuetin Rail Transportation, Canada (opened 2005)

## Engineering

* Thermal response test of the ground
* Transport relay translation, an Internet method
* Transition radiation tracker of the ATLAS experiment
* Service-level agreement total resolution time, to complete a task

## Entertainment

* TRT: La Máquina de la Destrucción, a Mexican wrestling group
* Tamil Radio and Television (now Tamil Television Network), France
* Televisora Regional del Táchira, Venezuela
* Thessalian Radio Television, Greece

## Medicine

* Testosterone replacement therapy
* Tinnitus retraining therapy

## Other uses

* Tahoe Rim Trail, a US hiking trail encircling Lake Tahoe
* Turkey Time, a time zone
* Tunggare language, spoken in Indonesia (ISO 639:trt)
# Enseosteus

Enseosteus is an extinct genus of small selenosteid arthrodire placoderms known from the Upper Frasnian Kellwasserkalk facies of Late Devonian Germany and Morocco.
Enseosteus is very similar to the other Kellwasserkalk selenosteids, though, the type species, E. jaekelli, has a bulbous, knob-shaped rostrum. Denison (1978) synonymizes the genera Ottonosteus (O. jaekeli = E. hermanni) and Walterosteus with Enseosteus, claiming that the two genera are too similar to Enseosteus to merit separate genus status. Rücklin (2011) agrees with Denison's synonymizing of Ottonosteus, but rejects Denison's synonymization of Walterosteus, claiming how Walterosteus has a contact between the rostral plate and the pineal plate, which Enseosteus does not.
# Radenthein

Radenthein (Slovene: Radenče) is a town in Spittal an der Drau District, in the Austrian state of Carinthia.

## Geography

The town is situated in the Gegend valley (Gegendtal) of the Nock Mountains range (part of the Gurktal Alps), stretching to the eastern shore of Lake Millstatt. Radenthein borders on the municipalities of Millstatt in the west and Bad Kleinkirchheim in the east.
The municipal area comprises the cadastral communities of Döbriach, Kaning, Laufenberg, Radenthein proper, Sankt Peter, and Tweng.

## History

The remote, densely forested valley was not colonized until about 1000. A chapel at villam Ratehtim was first mentioned in an 1177 deed, then part of the Millstatt Abbey estates within the Duchy of Carinthia; it was raised to a parish in 1262. Since the Middle Ages Radenthein had been an iron ore and garnet mining area and the site of a finery forge, even the use of reverberatory furnaces is documented since the late 18th century. When about 1908 an extensive occurrence of magnesite was discovered and the foundation of the "Austro-American Magnesite" mining company led to a large increase in population. The municipality obtained the status of a town in 1995.
The mining company (now RHI AG at Vienna producing refractory materials) is still the main employer. Besides which, there is considerable hotel and tourist trade in Döbriach on the lakeside of the Millstätter See. A museum (Granatium) documents the local history of garnet mining.

## Politics

Seats in the municipal assembly (Gemeinderat) as of 2015 elections:
* MAIER (independent): 11
* Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ):10
* Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ): 3
* LMW (independent): 2
* The Greens – The Green Alternative: 1

## International relations
### Twin towns — Sister cities

Radenthein is twinned with:
* Weiler/Rems, Schorndorf, Germany
* Ampezzo, Italy
# New Boy (film)

New Boy is a 2007 Irish short film based on the short story by Irish novelist, dramatist and screenwriter, Roddy Doyle. It received an Academy Award nomination for Best Live Action Short Film. The film is about a young boy's experience as he moves from a rural town in Africa to Ireland: a new country, a different school system and a whole new set of customs.

## Plot

Joseph is the new student at a school in Ireland, having just moved to Ireland from an unidentified country in Africa. Throughout the film he is silent, in deep contrast to the flashbacks of his life back in Africa where he is bright and talkative. In these flashbacks Joseph's father is the schoolteacher, it is revealed that his father was shot and killed for educating young children.
Joseph struggles to fit in with the other students. In particular two boys named Seth Quinn and Christian Kelly give him trouble, Christian sits behind Joseph in the classroom. He calls Joseph Live Aid, a reference to the benefit concert to raise funds for relief of the Ethiopian Famine. Christian goads Joseph into grabbing onto his finger and throwing him to the ground, getting Joseph into trouble.tn
A girl named Hazel O'Hara has caught Joseph's interest. She repeatedly tells the teacher that Christian has been giving Joseph trouble yet the teachers pays barely any heed. When the children go out for recess, milk is thrown at Joseph before he is surrounded by a throng of children. Seth and Christian attempt to fight Joseph before the teacher intercepts them.
As the three boys stand in the hallway, they begin to bond by mocking the teacher's eccentric ways. They laugh as Hazel O'Hara attempts to persuade the teacher that Christian is guilty. Joseph finally smiles, knowing he has now made friends.
# Paenanthracotherium

Paenanthracotherium was a genus of anthracothere that lived in Europe and Asia during the Oligocene.

## Taxonomy

The type species of the genus is Paenanthracotherium bergeri. The species "Anthracotherium" hippoideum and "Brachyodus" strategus have been reassigned to this genus based on similarities with P. bergeri.

## Distribution

Fossils of Paenanthracotherium are known from France, Germany, Pakistan, Romania, and Switzerland.
# Mohan (director)

M. Mohan (15 January 1948 – 27 August 2024) was an Indian director of Malayalam films. He is regarded as a pioneer of the new wave in Malayalam cinema. Mohan has done several notable acclaimed films including Pakshe, Isabella, Oru Katha Oru Nunnakkatha, Idavela, Vida Parayum Munpe, Randu Penkuttikal and Shalini Ente Koottukari. He has scripted five films, Angene Oru Avadhikkalathu, Mukham, Sruthi, Alolam and Vida Parayum Munpe, and wrote the story of two films, Ithile Iniyum Varu and Kathayariyathe.
Mohan's association with screenwriter John Paul has always spawned critically and commercially successful films. He has also associated with master writer Padmarajan in the films Idavela, Kochu Kochu Thettukal and Shalini Ente Koottukari. He predominantly worked during the 1980s, the golden era of Malayalam cinema.

## Personal life and death

Mohan was born in Irinjalakuda on 15 January 1948. He was married to actress Anupama, the heroine of his film Randu Penkuttikal. She is a renowned Kuchipudi dancer. The couple had two sons: Purandar and Upendhar.
Mohan died in Kochi, Kerala on 27 August 2024, at the age of 76.

## Filmography

* Vadaka Veedu (1978)
* Shalini Ente Koottukari (1978)
* Randu Pen Kuttikal (1978)
* Surya Daham (1979)
* Kochu Kochu Thettukal (1979)
* Vida Parayum Mumbe (1981)
* Kathayariyathe (1981)
* Niram Marunna Nimishangal (1982)
* Ilakkangal (1982)
* Idavela (1982)
* Alolam (1982)
* Rachana (1983)
* Mangalam Nerunnu (1984)
* Oru Katha Oru Nunnakkatha (1986)
* Theertham (1987)
* Sruthi (1987)
* Isabella (1988)
* Mukham (1990)
* Pakshe (1994)
* Sakshyam (1995)
* Angene Oru Avadhikkalathu (1999)
* The Campus (2005)
# Irish Folk Furniture

Irish Folk Furniture is a 2012 short animated film directed by Tony Donoghue which won the prize for Best Animation at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival. It uses stop-motion animation to breathe life into the disregarded pieces of furniture that frequently lie rotting in Irish barns and sheds, showing the process of renovating them and returning them to the homes they once inhabited. The short was produced by Cathal Black under the IFB 'Frameworks' animated short film scheme.
# Ōtomo no Tabito

Ōtomo no Tabito (大伴 旅人, 665 - 31 August 731) was a Japanese court noble, military leader and poet. He is known for his military campaign against the Hayato Rebellion and as the father of Ōtomo no Yakamochi, who contributed to the compilation of the Man'yōshū alongside his father. He served as Dainagon and held the court rank of Junior Second Rank.

## Life

Ōtomo was born in 665, the son of Dainagon Ōtomo no Yasumaro. His mother was Iratsume, the daughter of Kose no Hito.
During Empress Genmei's New Year's Day celebration of 710, he led the cavalry, Hayato, Emishi, and others as the Shogun of the Left with his deputy, Hozumi no Oyu, in a march along the Suzaku Avenue.
In 711, he was given the court rank of Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade, and in 715, he was promoted to Junior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade, Minister of the Center. In 718, he was promoted to Chūnagon, and in 719, he was promoted Senior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade.
In 720, when the Hayato Rebellion erupted in Kyushu after the assassination of Governor of Ōsumi Province Yako no Maro, Ōtomo was ordered to lead Japanese forces to suppress the rebellion. After the death of Minister of the Right Fujiwara no Fuhito, Ōtomo received an imperial edict to return to Nara. However, since the Hayato had not yet been pacified, the deputy shogun and his men were ordered to continue garrisoning the area. As a result, southern Kyushu was firmly brought under the control of the Imperial court under Empress Genmei.
In 721, he was promoted to Junior Third Rank, and in 724, he was promoted to Senior Third Rank upon the accession to the throne of Emperor Shōmu.
Around 728, Ōtomo was transferred to Dazaifu with his wife, Ōtomo no Iratsume, as Governor of Dazaifu, the second time he was sent to Kyushu after his 60th birthday, and this appointment could have been a strategic demotion by the four Fujiwara brothers, Muchimaro, Fusasaki, Umakai and Maro, to oust Prince Nagaya, the Minister of the Left in power at the time. However, it has also been theorized that Ōtomo was transferred because of his excellent skills in diplomacy and defense in light of the international situation at the time. In Dazaifu, he compiled the Chikushi Kadan of the Man'yōshū with Yamanoue no Okura and Sami Mansei. After arriving in Dazaifu, his wife died.
In 730, he was appointed Dainagon.
Tabito was a contemporary of Hitomaro, but lacked his success in the Imperial Court. While serving as Governor-General of Dazaifu, the military procuracy in northern Kyushu from 728-730, Tabito hosted a plum-blossom party, encouraging the composition of poetry among his subordinates in imitation of Chinese style elegance. He also showed his Chinese education in his set of thirteen tanka in praise of sake.
# Oberdrauburg

Oberdrauburg is a market town in the district of Spittal an der Drau at the western rim of the Austrian state of Carinthia.

## Geography

Oberdrauburg is near the Kärntner Tor (Carinthian Gate), a narrow place in the Drava Valley between the Gailtal Alps in the south and the Kreuzeck group of the Hohe Tauern range in the north, where the river crosses the border from East Tyrol to Carinthia. The town is about 20 km (12 mi) east of Lienz; in the west it shares a border with the Tyrolian municipality of Nikolsdorf. The municipal area includes the cadastral communities of Flaschberg and Zwickenberg.
Oberdrauburg is on the Drautal-Straße highway (Bundesstraße B 100) running from Spittal an der Drau to Lienz. Here the Plöckenpass-Straße B 110 highway branches off, leading via the Gailberg Saddle mountain pass to Kötschach-Mauthen in the Gail Valley. Rail transport is available at the Oberdrauburg Station of the Drautalbahn (Drava Valley Railway) line.
The name of the town corresponds with the town of Dravograd (Unterdrauburg) in Slovenia, where the Drava crosses the border from Carinthia to the historic Styria region.

## History

Archaeological findings indicate a continuous settlement of the area throughout Celtic and Roman times. Oberdrauburg Castle was first mentioned in a 1240 as a possession of the Carinthian duke Bernhard von Spanheim. During the 13th century a settlement arose beneath the castle near the branch-off of the Gailberg Saddle road.
In 1292 Oberdrauburg was held by the Meinhardiner House of Gorizia at Lienz. In 1308 it appears as a fief of the Archbishopric of Salzburg. It received market rights in 1325 and further benefited from its convenient location at the crossroads. From 1385 it was held by the Counts of Ortenburg and, with the Ortenburg possessions, it was inherited by Count Hermann II of Celje in 1418. Upon the death of Hermann's grandson Count Ulrich II of Celje in 1456, it passed to the Austrian House of Habsburg. Archduke Ferdinand I of Austria granted the estates to his treasurer Gabriel von Salamanca in 1524.

## Politics

Seats in the municipal assembly (Gemeinderat) as of 2015 local elections:
* Austrian People's Party (ÖVP): 7
* Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ): 4
* Initiative Aufschwung Oberdrauburg (Independent): 4

## Twin towns

Oberdrauburg is twinned with:
* Türkenfeld, Germany since 1990
* Signa, Italy since 1996
* Paluzza, Italy

## Notable people

Notable people that were born or lived in Oberdrauburg include:
* Friedrich Marx (1830-1905), Austrian writer and officer
* Franz Jochum (born 1944), politician
* Hellmuth Marx (1915–2002), sculptor
* Roland Schwarzl (born 1980), olympic track and field athlete
# Anthony Spanos

Anthony Spanos (born 5 May 1995) is an Australian actor. He has starred in the Australian television series Streetsmartz and more recently Trapped. He attended Trinity College in Perth, Western Australia.

## Trapped

In the children/teenage television series Trapped (2008, Northway Productions Pty Ltd, 7 Network), Spanos plays the character of Josh Jacobs. When the mysterious disappearance of their parents from a remote scientific research station takes place, they leave a group of children trapped in a dangerous paradise.

## Streetsmartz

Spanos plays the character of Hector Papdopoulos in the children/teenage television series Streetsmartz (2005–2006, Nine Network). Streetsmartz is centered on the lives of a group of children, their friends and family who live in Fremantle, in Western Australia. Three series, with a total of 39 episodes, were screened.
The character of Hector is described as 'nine going on nineteen'. He's a sidekick and partner to his brother's business ventures but often reluctantly – Hector is more interested in having fun and causing havoc than in actually working.

## Castaway

Spanos appeared in Castaway, a spin-off from Trapped. He reprised the character of Josh Jacobs.