OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Coughlin

Coughlin (/ˈkɒflɪn/ KOF-lin, /ˈkɒklɪn/ KOK-lin or, /ˈkɒɡlɪn/ KOG-lin according to the cases, traditional Irish English: /ˈkɔːlɪn/ KAW-lin) is a surname of Irish origin (Mac Cochláin or Ó Cochláin), meaning 'son of the one with the cloak'. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alex Coughlin (born 1993), retired American professional wrestler, Bullet Club member
* Bill Coughlin (1878–1943), American baseball player
* Father Charles Coughlin (1891–1979), radio political commentator of the 1930s
* Carter Coughlin (born 1997), American football player
* Con Coughlin (born 1955), British journalist
* Daniel Coughlin (born 1934), Chaplain of the US House of Representatives 2000–2011
* Daniel P. Coughlin (author), American writer
* Ed Coughlin (1861–1952), American baseball player
* Edward J. Coughlin (1885–1945), New York politician
* Jack Coughlin (disambiguation), several people
* John Coughlin (disambiguation), several people
* Lawrence Coughlin (1929–2001), US Congressman from Pennsylvania
* Natalie Coughlin (born 1982), American swimmer, Olympic gold medalist
* Paul Coughlin (born 1992), English cricketer
* Roscoe Coughlin (1868-1951), Major League Baseball player
* Russell Coughlin (born 1960), Welsh footballer
* Ryan Coughlin (born 1973), Canadian football player
* Stephen Coughlin, American lawyer and intelligence analyst
* Tom Coughlin (born 1946), head coach of the New York Giants
* Tom Coughlin (Walmart) (1949–2016), American business executive
# Autorotation (fixed-wing aircraft)

For fixed-wing aircraft, autorotation is the tendency of an aircraft in or near a stall to roll spontaneously to the right or left, leading to a spin (a state of continuous autorotation).

## Details

When the angle of attack is less than the stalling angle, any increase in angle of attack causes an increase in lift coefficient that causes the wing to rise. As the wing rises the angle of attack and lift coefficient decrease which tend to restore the wing to its original angle of attack. Conversely any decrease in angle of attack causes a decrease in lift coefficient which causes the wing to descend. As the wing descends, the angle of attack and lift coefficient increase which tends to restore the wing to its original angle of attack. For this reason the angle of attack is stable when it is less than the stalling angle. The aircraft displays damping in roll.
When the wing is stalled and the angle of attack is greater than the stalling angle, any increase in angle of attack causes a decrease in lift coefficient that causes the wing to descend. As the wing descends the angle of attack increases, which causes the lift coefficient to decrease and the angle of attack to increase. Conversely any decrease in angle of attack causes an increase in lift coefficient that causes the wing to rise. As the wing rises the angle of attack decreases and causes the lift coefficient to increase further towards the maximum lift coefficient. For this reason the angle of attack is unstable when it is greater than the stalling angle. Any disturbance of the angle of attack on one wing will cause the whole wing to roll spontaneously and continuously.
When the angle of attack on the wing of an aircraft reaches the stalling angle the aircraft is at risk of autorotation. This will eventually develop into a spin if the pilot does not take corrective action.

## Autorotation in kites and gliders

* Magnus effect rotating kites (wing flipping or wing tumbling) that have the rotation axis bluntly normal to the stream direction use autorotation; a net lift is possible that lifts the kite and payload to altitude. The Rotoplane, the UFO rotating kite, and the Skybow rotating ribbon arch kite use the Magnus effect resulting from the autorotating wing with rotation axis normal to the stream.
* Some kites are equipped with autorotation wings.
* Again, a third kind of autorotation occurs in self-rotating bols, rotating parachutes, or rotating helical objects sometimes used as kite tails or kite-line laundry. This kind of autorotation drives wind and water propeller-type turbines, sometimes used to generate electricity.
* Unlocked engine-off aircraft propellers may autorotate. Such autorotation is being explored for generating electricity to recharge flight-driving batteries.
# Bilton

Bilton may refer to:

## Places in England

* Bilton, Northumberland
* Bilton, Warwickshire
* Bilton, East Riding of Yorkshire
* Bilton, Harrogate, North Yorkshire
* Bilton-in-Ainsty, North Yorkshire
* New Bilton, Warwickshire

## Buildings

* Bilton Grange, Warwickshire
* Bilton Hall, North Yorkshire, large country house near Harrogate, England
* Bilton Hall, Warwickshire, mansion house at Bilton, Warwickshire
* Bilton School, Warwickshire

## People with the surname

* Bilton (surname)
# Speaker of the House of Assembly of Dominica

The Speaker of the House of Assembly of Dominica is responsible for the management and general administration of the House, ensuring that rules of procedure are followed. The Speaker is elected by the House of Assembly at its first sitting after a general election.
A member of the House who is elected as Speaker can only vote to break ties (a casting vote). If someone outside the membership of the House is elected as Speaker, they become a member, but cannot cast an original or casting vote.
Louis Cools-Lartigue, OBE, was the speaker of its predecessor, the Legislative Council until 1967.

## Presidents of the Legislative Council

| Name | Took office | Left office |
| Edwin Porter Arrowsmith | 1951 | 1952 |
| Henry Laurence Lindo | 1952 | 1959 |
| Alec Lovelace | 1960 | 1961 |

## Speakers of the Legislative Council

| Name | Took office | Left office | Notes |
| Louis Cools-Lartigue | February 1961 | 1965 - ? | |
| Louis Cools-Lartigue | January 1967 | March 1967 | |

## Speakers of the House of Assembly

| Name | Took office | Left office |
| Louis Cools-Lartigue | March 1967 | 1968 |
| Gerald Austin Winston | 1968 | 1970 |
| Eustace Hazelwood Francis | October 1970 | March 1977 |
| Fred Degazon | March 1977 | December 1978 |
| Pershing Waldron | 4 January 1979 | 19 June 1979 |
| Eden Bowers | 19 June 1979 | August 1980 |
| Marie Davis Pierre | 13 August 1980 | 29 December 1988 |
| Crispin Sorhaindo | 16 September 1989 | 24 October 1993 |
| Neva Edwards | 1 November 1993 | 2 August 1995 |
| F. Osborne G. Symes | 3 August 1995 | 16 April 2000 |
| Alix Boyd Knights | 17 April 2000 | 10 February 2020 |
| Joseph Isaac | 10 February 2020 | Incumbent |
# Pilot class qualification

Pilot class qualification — a professional grade level of piloting skills, commonly used for qualifying military pilots of state aviation in Ukraine and some other countries. As qualifiers used number of flight hours pilot has been reached during career in a total or on some specific type of aircraft, weather conditions pilot has been able to supersede to successfully complete missions, etc.

## Pilot classes by country
### Ukraine

Since 1993 and till 1998, Ukrainian heraldist Valeriy Lyakhov [uk], supported by Ukrainian historian Maksym Tsarenko [uk], designed heraldry of the Ukrainian Air Force, including badges and name tags for pilot class qualification identification.
Since 2015, in Ukraine there are next qualification classes in ascending order:
* for fighter pilots and navigators (bombardiers): 3rd Class, 2nd Class, 1st Class, Sniper;
* for instructor pilots and navigators (bombardiers): 3rd Class, 2nd Class, 1st Class;
* for test pilots: 3rd Class, 2nd Class, 1st Class.
Fighter pilots' qualification classes defined as next:
* 3rd Class pilot — a pilot with more than 150 flight hours, able to complete missions at day time simple weather.
* 2nd Class pilot — a pilot with more than 200 flight hours, able to complete missions at day time extreme weather, and at night time simple weather.
* 1st Class pilot — a pilot with more than 400 flight hours, able to complete missions at day and night time all-weather.
* Pilot-sniper — a pilot with more than 550 flight hours, able to complete missions at day and night time all-weather, and having no serious or any aviation accidents in the last 12 months.
* Pilot-sniper Vasyl Nikiforov
* 1st Class fighter pilot Oleksandr Oksanchenko
* 2nd Class fighter pilot Andrii "Juice" Pilshchykov
* Name tag of Ukrainian 2nd Class fighter pilot "Juice"
3rd Class qualification receives pilots and navigators (bombardiers) with the rank of Lieutenant upon completion of study at the Ivan Kozhedub National Air Force University.
Pilot with less than 150 hours commonly recognized as trainee pilots. Other aviation personnel, beside pilots, has similar scheme of class qualification.

## Publications

* Roman Nevzorov. Pedagogical Measurement of Physical Condition as a Component of Professional Readiness of Tactical Aviation Pilots // Res Militaris, Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022). – pp.1329-1337. ISSN 2265-6294 URI: https://resmilitaris.net/menu-script/index.php/resmilitaris/article/view/2644
# Ole Forsing

Ole Forsing (born 23 July 1942) is a Danish former amateur football (soccer) player, who played for B 1903 in Denmark. He was the top goalscorer of the 1970 Danish football championship. He played five games and scored one goal for the Denmark national football team.
# Algernon Percy, 6th Duke of Northumberland

Algernon George Percy, 6th Duke of Northumberland, KG, PC, DL (20 May 1810 – 2 January 1899), styled Lord Lovaine between 1830 and 1865 and Earl Percy between 1865 and 1867, was a British Conservative politician. He held office under the Earl of Derby as Paymaster General and Vice-President of the Board of Trade in 1859 and under Benjamin Disraeli as Lord Privy Seal between 1878 and 1880.

## Background

Northumberland was the eldest son of George Percy, Lord Lovaine, eldest son of Algernon Percy, 1st Earl of Beverley, a younger son of Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland. From his father's succession as second Earl of Beverley in 1830, Percy was styled Lord Lovaine. In 1865, Lord Beverley inherited the dukedom of Northumberland from his first cousin, Algernon Percy, 4th Duke of Northumberland, and thenceforth Lovaine was styled Earl Percy. His mother was Louisa, daughter of the Hon. James Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie, second son of Prime Minister John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute.
Lord Josceline Percy and Lieutenant-General Lord Henry Percy were his younger brothers.
Northumberland attended Eton College. He owned 186,000 acres with 181,000 in Northumberland and the remainder in Surrey, Middlesex and Durham.

## Political career

Northumberland sat in the House of Commons as Member of Parliament for Bere Alston between 1831 and 1832 and for Northumberland North between 1852 and 1865. He served Civil Lord of the Admiralty between 1858 and 1859 and as Paymaster General and Vice-President of the Board of Trade in 1859 in Lord Derby's second government. The latter year he was also sworn of the Privy Council.
In 1867 he succeeded in the dukedom on the death of his father and entered the House of Lords. He joined the Earl of Beaconsfield's second government as Lord Privy Seal in 1878, with a seat in the cabinet, a post he held until the fall of the government in 1880.
Northumberland was also Lord Lieutenant of Northumberland between 1877 and 1899. He was made a Knight of the Garter in 1886.

## Family

Northumberland married Louisa, daughter of Henry Drummond, in 1845. She died in December 1890. Northumberland survived her by nine years and died in January 1899, aged 88. The Duke and his wife were buried in the Percy family vault in Westminster Abbey. He was succeeded in the dukedom by his eldest son, Henry, Earl Percy. Northumberland's second son Lord Algernon Percy was also a politician.
At the Percy seat Alnwick Castle, Northumberland, he enlisted Anthony Salvin to do considerable interior works in the neo-Gothic style, and purchased the collection of paintings amassed by the Roman painter Vincenzo Camuccini, to add to the pictures at Alnwick, swelled by the collection formerly at Northumberland House, The Strand, London, which was demolished in 1874.
# Mickey Gates

Michael Wayne Gates, known as Mickey Gates (born 1959/1960), is a businessman from Hot Springs, Arkansas, who was a Republican member of the Arkansas House of Representatives for District 22.
Born in Perryton, Texas, Gates grew up in Spearman, but moved to Borger to finish the last three years of his public education at Borger High School.

## Arrest

In June 2018, Gates was arrested and charged with six counts of failure to pay or file a tax return between 2012 through 2017. Though he had not filed tax returns since 2003, the statute of limitations was six years. Authorities with the Arkansas Department of Finance and Administration say he owes upwards of $260,000 including penalties. He was removed from the office by a super-majority vote on October 11, 2019.
# John Walker (Arkansas politician)

John Winfield Walker (June 3, 1937 – October 28, 2019) was an American politician and a Democratic member of the Arkansas House of Representatives representing District 34 from January 2011 until his death.

## Life and career

John W. Walker was born in Hope, Arkansas, where he attended Yerger High School until 1952. In 1965, Walker began the general practice of law in Little Rock, Arkansas with the emphasis on civil rights. In 1968, he opened one of the first three racially integrated law firms in the south, first known as Walker and Chachkin. Between 1965 and his death in 2019, Walker was personally involved in most of the reported cases which involve racial discrimination in the state of Arkansas. Many of them are landmark having created new law and opened doors to school houses and work places throughout the state of Arkansas and surrounding states. One case took his time since 1965, the Little Rock school case started by the late Wiley A Branton and LDF general counsel/later Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall. Many of Walker's early cases involved classes of people discriminated against by mega corporate environments due to their race. A recent case of Walker's was the only nationwide racial discrimination case ever successfully prosecuted against Wal-Mart. It involved a class of African American truck drivers.
He died at his home in Little Rock on October 28, 2019, at the age of 82.

## Education

Walker graduated from Jack Yates High School in Houston, Texas, in 1954. He was the first African American undergraduate student admitted to the University of Texas after the Brown decision in 1954 but was not allowed to attend for racial reasons. In 1958, he graduated from Arkansas AM&N College in Pine Bluff, Arkansas, with a degree in Sociology; in 1961 he received a master's degree from New York University; and in 1964 he received a law degree from Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. Walker's first work was as an attorney with the NAACP Legal Defense Fund (LDF) in New York. He remained associated as a cooperating attorney and later as a member of the Board of LDF.

## Elections

* 2010 When House District 34 Representative Wilhelmina Lewellen retired from the legislature, leaving the seat open, Walker placed first in the May 18, 2010, Democratic primary with 1,461 votes (46.1%), won the June 8 runoff election with 1,611 votes (56.3%), and won the November 2, 2010 general election with 4,418 votes (76.4%) against Republican nominee Carolyn Smith.
* 2012 Walker was unopposed for both the May 22, 2012 Democratic primary and the November 6, 2012 General election.
# Jeff Wardlaw

Jeffrey Reed "Jeff" Wardlaw (born August 25, 1980) is a farmer from Hermitage in Bradley County in south Arkansas who is a Republican member of the Arkansas House of Representatives for District 8, which he has represented since 2011. His district includes a portion of Bradley County, Drew County, Desha County counties.

## Background

Wardlaw graduated from Hermitage High School in Hermitage in Bradley County and then the University of Arkansas at Monticello, at which he earned a Bachelor of Science degree in agriculture. He enjoys hunting and fishing and is a member of the Rotary Club.

## Career

Wardlaw owns and operates Wardlaw Brothers Farms, Inc., in Hermitage. He is a former vice chairman of the bipartisan Freshman Caucus, and received the "Legislator of the Year" award from the Arkansas Forestry Association. He is a member of the Public Health Committee and the Insurance and Commerce Committee, of which he is chairman of the Insurance Subcommittee. Wardlaw is a member of the Bradley County Chamber of Commerce board of directors and Bradley County Industrial Development Commission. Wardlaw had been mentioned as a potential Democratic candidate for Arkansas's 4th congressional district seat vacated in 2015 by since freshman U.S. Senator Tom Cotton. However, Wardlaw instead ran without opposition for a fourth term in the state House in 2016, but he switched parties a week after the general election. Wardlaw's fellow representative Mike Holcomb of Jefferson County, who, like Wardlaw, represents Cleveland County, had switched from the Democratic to the Republican Party three months earlier, in August 2016. Like Wardlaw, he too cited differences with the party on social issues as a main factor in his decision.
# Janne Koivuranta

Johan Samuel (Janne Samuli) Koivuranta (20 August 1885 – 23 May 1967) was a Finnish farmer and politician, born in Rovaniemi. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1919 to 1945 and from 1948 to 1951, representing the Agrarian League.
# Per Henriksen (Danish footballer)

Per Henriksen (15 August 1929 – 7 August 2007) was a Danish footballer. He played in 14 matches for the Denmark national football team from 1953 to 1956.
# Pekka Kiiski

Pekka Kiiski (30 August 1897 – 11 July 1976) was a Finnish farmer, journalist and politician, born in Kurkijoki. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1948 to 1951, representing the Agrarian League.
# Pedro Alonso Niño

Pedro Alonso Niño (c. 1455 – c. 1505) was known in his time as Peralonso Niño, he was a Spanish navigator and discoverer. He piloted the Santa María during Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Americas in 1492, and accompanied him on his second voyage in 1493.

## Biography

Niño was born in Moguer, Spain. His father was Alfon Perez Niño, a Spanish sailor. Pedro Alonso Niño was married twice, to Juana Muñiz and Leonor de Boria, and sired four children, namely Juan Niño, Francisco Niño, Isabel Quintero and Leonor Fernández. He was nicknamed "El negro" for his involvement in the African slave trade.
He explored the west coast of Africa in his early years and many other places. Niño guided Columbus and navigated the Atlantic Ocean as he piloted the Santa María during Christopher Columbus's expedition of 1492, and accompanied him during his third voyage that saw the discovery of Trinidad and the mouths of the Orinoco River. After returning to Spain, Niño made preparations to explore the Indies independently, looking for gold and pearls. Empowered by the Council of Castile to seek out new countries, avoiding those already found by Columbus, he committed to give 20% of his profits to the Spanish Crown (see quinto real).
In the company of brothers Luis and Cristóbal de la Guerra, respectively a rich merchant and a pilot, he left San Lucas in May 1499, and, after twenty-three days, they arrived at Maracapana. Visiting the islands of Isla Margarita, Coche, and Cubagua, they exchanged objects of little value for a large number of pearls before sailing up the coast to Punta Araya, where they discovered salt mines.
After just two months they were back in Baiona, Spain, loaded with wealth. However, they were accused of cheating King Ferdinand II out of his portion of the spoils. Arrested, and with his property confiscated, Niño died before the conclusion of his trial.

### Death

Pedro died around 1505.

## Legacy

There is a monument to Pedro Alonso Niño in the Convent of San Francisco in Moguer, Spain. In 1940, Niño was honored with one of the 33 dioramas at the American Negro Exposition in Chicago.
# Per Madsen

Per Madsen (born 20 August 1944) is a Danish footballer. He played in three matches for the Denmark national football team from 1969 to 1970.
# Creophylus of Samos

Creophylus (Ancient Greek: Κρεώφυλος ὁ Σάμιος, Kreophylos ho Samios) is the name of a legendary early Greek epic poet, native to Samos or Chios. He was said to have been a contemporary of Homer and author of the lost epic Capture of Oechalia. According to some sources, Homer gave the poem to Creophylus in return for hospitality; one source says that Panyassis of Halicarnassus, in turn, stole it from Creophylus. Panyassis, however, is a much later poet who worked in writing: the story is presumably a way of saying that Panyassis, in his literary epic on the life of Heracles, plagiarised the work of Creophylus.
Creophylus may represent a tradition parallel to the Homeridae. In Plutarch's Lives in the biography of Lycurgus, Lycurgus in his travels "…had the first sight of Homer's works, in the hands, we may suppose, of the posterity of Creophylus… scattered proportions, as chance conveyed them, were in the hands of individuals; but Lycurgus first made them really known." (John Dryden transl.). Another descendant of Creophylus, Hermodamas of Samos, was said to be the teacher of Pythagoras of Samos (see Iamblichus, Porphyry, Diogenes Laërtius). So we have two examples of descendants of Creophylus teaching outsiders (non-Homeridae) the Epic tradition. It seems that the restrictions on the Homeridae in regards to teaching may have not been applicable to the descendants of Creophylus, Homer's host and friend.
He is mentioned disparagingly in Book X (600b-c) of the Republic, in which the reasons for banishing some forms of poetry and 'imitative art' from his ideal city are outlined, with Plato alluding to his name meaning 'meathead'.