OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Herat, Iran

Herat (Persian: هرات) is a city in the Central District of Khatam County, Yazd province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 10,795 in 2,751 households. The following census in 2011 counted 12,392 people in 3,357 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 13,032 people in 3,834 households.

## Climate

Herat has a hot and dry desert climate with a high diurnal temperature range. The city experiences average high temperatures reaching 41°C (105°F) in July, while winter nights can drop to about 1°C (34°F) in January.
Annual precipitation is under 50 mm (2 inches), mostly occurring in late winter and early spring. Humidity remains low year-round, typically fluctuating between 10% and 38%. Due to clear skies and low atmospheric moisture, the rapid cooling after sunset results in cool nights even in summer. Herat's climate is influenced by its proximity to the Lut Desert, known for its extreme heat, sparse vegetation, and strong seasonal winds.
Climate data for Herat, Yazd, Iran :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 20.5 (68.9) | 21.0 (69.8) | 26.3 (79.3) | 32.0 (89.6) | 38.0 (100.4) | 41.2 (106.2) | 42.3 (108.1) | 41.5 (106.7) | 39.0 (102.2) | 35.0 (95.0) | 26.7 (80.1) | 21.8 (71.2) | 42.3 (108.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 15.3 (59.5) | 16.1 (61.0) | 20.4 (68.7) | 25.6 (78.1) | 32.1 (89.8) | 37.5 (99.5) | 39.4 (102.9) | 38.8 (101.8) | 35.4 (95.7) | 29.5 (85.1) | 20.4 (68.7) | 15.6 (60.1) | 28.5 (83.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 8.2 (46.8) | 9.0 (48.2) | 13.1 (55.6) | 18.6 (65.5) | 24.5 (76.1) | 29.3 (84.7) | 31.2 (88.2) | 30.6 (87.1) | 27.7 (81.9) | 21.9 (71.4) | 14.5 (58.1) | 9.4 (48.9) | 20.2 (68.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.1 (34.0) | 2.1 (35.8) | 5.9 (42.6) | 10.4 (50.7) | 16.2 (61.2) | 21.3 (70.3) | 23.1 (73.6) | 22.8 (73.0) | 20.1 (68.2) | 14.3 (57.7) | 7.6 (45.7) | 2.9 (37.2) | 10.7 (51.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 11.4 (0.45) | 10.3 (0.41) | 17.5 (0.69) | 20.4 (0.80) | 10.9 (0.43) | 0.5 (0.02) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.1 (0.00) | 2.3 (0.09) | 6.8 (0.27) | 14.0 (0.55) | 9.1 (0.36) | 92.8 (3.65) |
| Average precipitation days | 3.1 | 3.0 | 4.2 | 4.8 | 3.0 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 2.5 | 4.1 | 3.0 | 30.4 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 36 | 34 | 32 | 28 | 21 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 18 | 22 | 26 | 30 | 23 |
| Source: https://weatherspark.com/y/105370/Average-Weather-in-Shahr-e-Her%C4%81t-Iran-Year-Round ||||||||||||||
# Morne de Dépoudré

Morne de Dépoudré (French pronunciation:) is a quartier of Saint Barthélemy in the Caribbean. It is located in the very centre of the island.
* This Collectivity of Saint Barthélemy location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Sabatinca

Sabatinca is a genus of small primitive metallic moths in the family Micropterigidae. Palaeomicra and Micropardalis were both established as subgenera of Sabatinca, but were both raised to generic level by Joël Minet in 1985. However, in 2014 both these genera, Palaeomicra and Micropardalis, were recognised by George Gibbs as synonyms of Sabatinca. Extinct species in this genus are known from the Cretaceous Burmese amber.

## Selected species

* Sabatinca aemula Philpott, 1924
* Sabatinca aenea Hudson, 1923
* Sabatinca aurantissima Gibbs, 2014
* Sabatinca aurella Hudson, 1918
* Sabatinca bimacula Gibbs, 2014
* Sabatinca calliarcha Meyrick, 1912
* Sabatinca caustica Meyrick, 1912
* Sabatinca chalcophanes (Meyrick, 1885)
* Sabatinca chrysargyra (Meyrick, 1885)
* Sabatinca delobelli Viette, 1978
* Sabatinca demissa Philpott, 1923
* Sabatinca doroxena (Meyrick, 1888)
* Sabatinca heighwayi Philpott, 1927
* Sabatinca ianthina Philpott, 1921
* Sabatinca incongruella Walker, 1863
* Sabatinca lucilia Clarke, 1920
* †Sabatinca perveta (Cockerell, 1919)
* Sabatinca pluvialis Gibbs, 2014
* Sabatinca quadrijuga Meyrick, 1912
* Sabatinca weheka Gibbs, 2014
* †Sabatinca pouilloni Ngô -Muller et al., 2020
# The Withdrawal

The Withdrawal: Iraq, Libya, Afghanistan and the Fragility of U.S. Power is a 2022 non-fiction book written by Noam Chomsky and Vijay Prashad and is based on a conversation between them in 2021.

## Context

The writers discuss American power, in the wake of U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan after a war, and its implications on the involved countries such as Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, and Vietnam. Then they compare United States' power with China who is trying to build their own power through institutions like Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.
In their opinion, this will likely lead to a conflict.

## Reception

The book has been reviewed by Kirkus Reviews, Foreign Policy, and Library Journal. Kirkus Reviews called it "a collection of insightful geopolitical analyses".
# Joseph C. Hare

Joseph Coulson Hare (June 15, 1863 – May 11, 1937) was an American politician and lumberman in Oregon. A native of Hillsboro, he was the son of William D. Hare; both were mayors of Hillsboro. Hares Canyon in Washington County is named in his honor.

## Early life

Hare was born in Hillsboro, Oregon, to William D. Hare and Henrietta Hare (née Schofield) on June 15, 1863. One of seven children, including William G. Hare, he was educated in the schools of Hillsboro. After his primary education Hare attended Pacific University in nearby Forest Grove. In 1883, he married the former Elinor Grace Bothwell; they had one son, William B., who became a doctor and naval surgeon.

## Career

After college Hare started in the lumber business, acquiring holdings in mills in the northwest part of Oregon. He was also involved in civic affairs in Hillsboro, serving on the city council from 1890 to 1894. In 1893, Hare was elected as the 13th mayor of Hillsboro, serving in office from December 5, 1893, until December 4, 1894, a position previously held by his father. He also had a dairy farm of 350 acres (1.4 km$^2$) near the city along the Tualatin River, named Holyrood in honor of his wife's ancestors from Scotland.
In 1897, he built a sawmill near what is now Beaverton followed by a mill near Buxton in 1912. Here his company logged parts of the Northern Oregon Coast Range, including a valley that was later named after him. A member of the Republican Party and a Mason, Hare retired from the logging business in 1917 and moved to Portland, but remained active in the Ancient Order of United Workmen forestry fraternal organization.

## Legacy

A railroad station near Manning, west of Buxton, and another stop in Aloha between Beaverton and Hillsboro, were both named for Hare. Hares Canyon near Buxton was also named for him. In August 2003, a new state park in the Hares Canyon was to be named Hares Canyon State Park, but the name was later changed to L. L. "Stub" Stewart State Park.
# Selling Out (film)

Selling Out is a 1972 Canadian short film for cinema and TV produced and directed by Tadeusz Jaworski, and written by Jaworski and Jack Winter.
At the 45th Academy Awards in 1973, it was nominated for an Academy Award (Short Subject), and was named Best Documentary at the 24th Canadian Film Awards.
The film was sponsored by the Humber College of Applied Arts and Technology and is about a Prince Edward Island farmer who, because his children have moved away, must sell the farm that has been in his family for generations. It raises the question of whether government should prevent the sale of Canadian farms to non-Canadians.
# Welcome Home, Johnny Bristol

Welcome Home, Johnny Bristol is a 1972 television film directed by George McCowan and starring Martin Landau and Jane Alexander. The screenplay concerns a soldier returning from Vietnam, where he was a POW, who finds his home town missing. It is one of the earliest films to depict post traumatic stress disorder.

## Plot

Johnny Bristol, is a Vietnam veteran who, as a prisoner, kept his sanity by remembering his home town of Charles, Vermont. He recalls a happy town with picnics and band concerts in a small town atmosphere. All the while suffering in a cage from abuse, poor food and neglect. After he is rescued, he is sent to a VA hospital to recuperate. During therapy he and his nurse, Anne Palmer become engaged. The couple want to go to his home town, but when he tries to go there, he is told there is no such place as Charles, Vermont. When he insists there is such a place, he is treated as a crazy vet. Anne tries to help him find an explanation. Bristol becomes convinced that somehow the government is responsible for his home town's disappearance. At the end of the movie, we learn that he grew up in an orphanage located at the corner of Charles and Vermont streets.

## Cast

* Martin Landau as Johnny Bristol
** Jean-Michel Michenaud as Young Johnny Bristol
* Jane Alexander as Anne Palmer
* Brock Peters as Berdahl
* Martin Sheen as Graytak
* Pat O'Brien as Sergeant McGil
* Forrest Tucker as Harry McMartin
* Mona Freeman aa Mrs. Bristol
* Jane Elliot as Sister Theresa
* Simon Scott as Colonel Anderson
* Alan Bergmann as Shusler
* James McEachin as Loughton
* John Hoyt as Minister
* Richard Evans as Franks
* Mark Roberts as Mr. Bristol
* Claudia Bryar as Mrs. Thysen
* David Fresco as Dr. Farraday
* Kathy Hilton as Virginia (uncredited)

## Legacy

From the outset Bristol is depicted as unwell, and his suspicions of a government conspiracy are considered preposterous and later proven untrue. Later films, especially in the 1980s (such as the similarly-named Welcome Home), presented stories in which the characters who make such claims are credible and proven true.
# Salomon Savery

Salomon Savery (1594–1683) was an engraver from the Dutch Republic.

## Biography

Savery was born in Amsterdam. According to the RKD he was the son of Jacob Savery, brother to Pieter, Hans II and Jacob II, and nephew of Hans I and Roelant (his godfather), and uncle to Geetruyd, Roelant and Magdalena Roghman. His earliest dated print is from 1610, after a work by his uncle Joos Goeimare. He travelled to England in 1632. At times he collaborated with Pieter Quast. He died in Haarlem.
# P. Devakumaran

Paranirupasingam Devakumaran also spelt as Thevakumar was a minority Sri Lankan Tamil Television journalist who reported for the Maharaja Television which operated MTV English, Sirasa TV in Sinhala and Sakthi TV in Tamil in Jaffna. He and his friend Mahendran Varadan were hacked to death in Navanthurai near Jaffna on 28 May 2008 while he was on his way home by the paramilitary EPDP.

## Background

This incident was part of a series of killing, violence, and intimidation against journalists and human rights activists. The killing of journalists have not been investigated leading to conviction of anyone and attacks have continued. He had married one year prior to his murder.

## Incident

P. Devakumaran and Mahenthiran Varathan were returning home in an area under Sri Lankan army control on 15 May 2008 at about 4.00 pm when they were hacked to death and the assailants escaped.

## Reaction

Free Media Movement stated that
   "Not a single disappearance, abduction or murder of a journalist / media worker has been investigated that has brought those responsible to book. We are fearful that investigations into Devakumaran's murder will also suffer a similar fate", the statement said.
   "Devakumaran's death must be investigated urgently, meaningfully and impartially. The repugnant impunity that aids and abets violence against journalists and media personnel must come to an end,"
Devakumaran's wife in a statement stated to journalists from Colombo had said that men of Eelam People’s Democratic Party (EPDP), a constituent of ruling United People’s Freedom Alliance (UPFA), were directly involved in her husband’s assassination
# Samuel Tweah

Samuel D. Tweah is a Liberian politician. He was appointed as minister of finance in January 2018 by President George Weah.
He was born on 6 May 1971 in Maryland County. He has an economics degree from George Washington University.
On 11 December 2023, the U.S. State Department publicly designated Tweah and two members of the Senate of Liberia as pursuant to Section 7031(c) of the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2023, for "involvement in significant corruption by abusing their public positions through soliciting, accepting, and offering bribes to manipulate legislative processes and public funding, including legislative reporting and mining sector activity."
# Counterparts (film)

Counterparts (German: Gegenüber) is a 2007 German drama film directed by Jan Bonny.

## Cast

* Matthias Brandt - Georg Hoffmann
* Victoria Trauttmansdorff - Anne Hoffmann
* Wotan Wilke Möhring - Michael Gleiwitz
* Susanne Bormann - Denise
* Anna Brass - Marie Hoffmann
* Pablo Ben-Yakov [de] - Lukas Hoffmann
* Jochen Striebeck [de] - Hans Josef
* Maria Körber [de] - Mechthild
* Claus Dieter Clausnitzer [de] - Andreas Hinreich
* Ole Ohlson - Robert
* Özgür Özata - Ahmet Celik
* Anne Ratte-Polle [de] - Sabrina
* Till Butterbach - Polizei-Kollege
* Guntram Brattia [de] - Arzt
# Las Vegas Stars (IBL)

The Las Vegas Stars was a professional basketball team in the International Basketball League. The inaugural head coach was George Tarkanian, son of famed coach Jerry Tarkanian. The CEO/General Manager, Alexis Levi-Scott, became the first African American female owner in professional basketball when she purchased the team.

## Season by season

Regular Season :
| Year | Wins | Losses | Percentage | Division |
| 2007 | 12 | 5 | .705 | 2nd - Midwest Division |
| 2008 | 10 | 10 | .500 | 2nd - Southwest Division |

## 2008 roster

'Final 2007-08 Roster'
Head Coach: Dan Savage
Assistant Coach: Mike Meister
| # | Pos. | Ht. | Player | Acquired | College |
| | F | 6'5 | Corey Bailey | 2008 | UNLV |
| | G/F | 6'3 | Demario Butler | 2008 | Azusa Pacific University |
| | C | 6'11 | Mohammed Camara | 2008 | San Diego State |
| 3 | G | 6'1 | Hollis Hale | 2007 | Concordia |
| 1 | G | 6'0 | Willie Hall | 2007 | Augusta G. |
| 5 | G/F | 6'4 | Julius Johnson | 2008 | Chabot CC |
| 10 | F | 6'7 | Elliott Magee | 2008 | Texas A&M |
| | G/F | 6'5 | Demetrius Orme | 2008 | CSU Bakersfield |
| 2 | G | 6'2 | Keena Payton | 2008 | Fresno City JC |
| | G/F | 6'4 | Mike Scott | 2008 | Chabot CC |
| 8 | G | 6'3 | Eddie Shelby | 2007 | CSU Bakersfield |
The Las Vegas Stars completed this season in first place in the Southwest Division.

## 2007 roster

'Final 2006-07 Roster'
Head Coach: Dan Savage
| # | Pos. | Ht. | Player | Acquired | College |
| | F/C | 6'8 | Vinzant Deveraux | 2007 | |
| | G/F | 6'5 | Herb Gibson | 2007 | Michigan |
| 3 | G | 6'1 | Hollis Hale | 2007 | Concordia |
| 1 | G | 6'0 | Willie Hall | 2007 | |
| 8 | G | 6'3 | Eddie Shelby | 2007 | CSU Bakersfield |
| 23 | G/F | 6'5 | DaJuan Tate | 2007 | Mountain State |
| | G | 5'11 | Maurice Thomas | 2007 | UTEP |
| 4 | F | 6'5 | Jonathan Walker | 2007 | |
| | G | 6'7 | Tarron Williams | 2007 | Cal State San Bernardino |
| | F | 6'6 | Matthew Winans | 2007 | Brigham Young University–Hawaii |
# Opole-Kamień Śląski Airport

Opole-Kamień Śląski Airport (Polish: Lądowisko Kamień Śląski) (ICAO: EPKN) is a former military airfield located in Kamień Śląski, 17 kilometers south of the city of Opole. The airport has a single 900x60m blacktop runway.

## History

Up to the end of World War II the airfield (then Luftwaffe Groß Stein) was base for Germany's Zerstörergeschwader 2 (2nd Destroyer Wing). In the mid 20th century it was expanded and modernised under the ownership of the Red Army. Until 1987, Kamień Śląski served as an auxiliary airport for Poland's 39th Fighter Aviation Regiment, and from 1989 onwards, Poland's 2nd Fighter Aviation Squadron. By the mid 1990s the land had fallen into disrepair and was sold by the Ministry of National Defence in 2003. In 2013 the airport was re-opened for general aviation traffic under private ownership.
# Punk blues

Punk blues (or blues punk) is a music genre that mixes elements of punk rock and blues. Punk blues musicians and bands usually incorporate elements of related styles, such as protopunk and blues rock. Its origins lie strongly within the garage rock sound of the 1960s and 1970s.
Punk blues can be said to favor the common rawness, simplicity and emotion shared between the punk and blues genres. Chet Weise, singer/guitarist of the Immortal Lee County Killers stated, "Punk and blues are both honest reactions to life. It's blues, it's our blues. It's just a bit turned up and a bit faster."

## Origins

Before the beginning of the punk movement of the late 1970s, several important forerunners such as the MC5, the Stooges, the Rolling Stones, the Who, the Sonics, Captain Beefheart, and the New York Dolls displayed a fascination with American blues.
AllMusic states that punk blues draws on the influence of the "garage rock sound of the mid-'60s, the primal howl of early Captain Beefheart, and especially in the raw and desperate sound of the Gun Club's landmark Fire of Love LP from 1981." Also according to Allmusic.com, "...punk blues really came to life in the early '90s with bands like the seminal Jon Spencer Blues Explosion, the Oblivians, the Gories and the Gibson Brothers", and "continued into the 2000s with even more visibility thanks to the popularity of the White Stripes". John Doe of L.A. punk band X claims that frontman Jeffrey Lee Pierce and the Gun Club invented a completely new style of music by mixing punk and blues.

## Related bands

Beginning with their 1988 album Prison Bound, the punk band Social Distortion began incorporating rockabilly, country, and blues influences into their music. In the same time period, Rollins Band performed punk-inflected blues jams. In the early 1990s, British musician PJ Harvey also explored an avant-garde variant of the style.
The Detroit garage rock scene that bore bands such as the White Stripes, inspired by Flat Duo Jets, continues to thrive with punk blues musicians and bands that can be tied to the style, such as the Detroit Cobras, Geraldine, Mystery Girls, Soledad Brothers, the Von Bondies, and many others. The Memphis–Asheville band the Reigning Sound and the Boston band Mr. Airplane Man also plays in this style.
The indie rock bands the Kills and Deadboy & the Elephantmen have been associated by the media with a punk/blues sound.
# Alexander Prishchepov

Alexander Lvovich Prishchepov (Russian: Александр Львович Прищепов) (born 29 July 1948) is a career diplomat and was the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Russian Federation to the Republic of Albania between 2005 and 2010.
Prishchepov graduated from the Moscow State Institute of International Relations in 1971, and went on to work in various diplomatic posts in the central offices of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and abroad.
On 26 August 2005, Prishchepov was appointed as Ambassador of Russia to Albania.
Prishchepov speaks Russian, English, French and Turkish.
# Josh Clark (politician)

Josh Clark (born June 14, 1979) is an American politician who served as a member of the Georgia House of Representatives for the 98th district from 2011 to 2015.

## Career
### Georgia House of Representatives

Clark was first elected to the Georgia House of Representatives in 2011 and left office in 2015. In 2012, Clark received the Defender of Liberty Award from the American Conservative Union.

### 2022 U.S. Senate campaign

Clark was a Republican primary candidate for the 2022 United States Senate election in Georgia. Clark lost the primary, coming fourth. Herschel Walker received the nomination.
# Warren Street

Warren Street is a street in the London Borough of Camden that runs from Cleveland Street in the west to Tottenham Court Road in the east, in the northernmost section of the Fitzrovia district. Warren Street tube station is located at the eastern end of the street.

## History

The street is crossed by Conway Street in the east and Fitzroy Street at its midpoint. On the south side of Warren Street lie Warren Mews, Richardson's Mews, Grafton Mews, and Whitfield Street. It was mostly constructed in the late 18th century.
It is named after Admiral Sir Peter Warren whose daughter and heiress Anne was wife of Charles FitzRoy, 1st Baron Southampton and thus the first Lady Southampton. Originally a residential street, it now contains mostly shops and businesses.
# Proximal operator

In mathematical optimization, the proximal operator is an operator associated with a proper, lower semi-continuous convex function $f$ from a Hilbert space ${\mathcal {X}}$ to $[-\infty ,+\infty ]$, and is defined by:
       $\operatorname {prox} _{f}(v)=\arg \min _{x\in {\mathcal {X}}}\left(f(x)+{\frac {1}{2}}\|x-v\|_{\mathcal {X}}^{2}\right).$
For any function in this class, the minimizer of the right-hand side above is unique, hence making the proximal operator well-defined. The proximal operator is used in proximal gradient methods, which is frequently used in optimization algorithms associated with non-differentiable optimization problems such as total variation denoising.

## Properties

The ${\text{prox}}$ of a proper, lower semi-continuous convex function $f$ enjoys several useful properties for optimization.
* Fixed points of ${\text{prox}}_{f}$ are minimizers of $f$: $\{x\in {\mathcal {X}}\ |\ {\text{prox}}_{f}x=x\}=\arg \min f$.
* Global convergence to a minimizer is defined as follows: If $\arg \min f\neq \varnothing$, then for any initial point $x_{0}\in {\mathcal {X}}$, the recursion $(\forall n\in \mathbb {N} )\quad x_{n+1}={\text{prox}}_{f}x_{n}$ yields convergence $x_{n}\to x\in \arg \min f$ as $n\to +\infty$. This convergence may be weak if ${\mathcal {X}}$ is infinite dimensional.
* The proximal operator can be seen as a generalization of the projection operator. Indeed, in the specific case where $f$ is the 0-$\infty$ characteristic function $\iota _{C}$ of a nonempty, closed, convex set $C$ we have that
    ${\begin{aligned}\operatorname {prox} _{\iota _{C}}(x)&=\operatorname {argmin} \limits _{y}{\begin{cases}{\frac {1}{2}}\left\|x-y\right\|_{2}^{2}&{\text{if }}y\in C\\+\infty &{\text{if }}y\notin C\end{cases}}\\&=\operatorname {argmin} \limits _{y\in C}{\frac {1}{2}}\left\|x-y\right\|_{2}^{2}\end{aligned}}$
    showing that the proximity operator is indeed a generalisation of the projection operator.
* A function is firmly non-expansive if $(\forall (x,y)\in {\mathcal {X}}^{2})\quad \|{\text{prox}}_{f}x-{\text{prox}}_{f}y\|^{2}\leq \langle x-y\ ,{\text{prox}}_{f}x-{\text{prox}}_{f}y\rangle$.
* The proximal operator of a function is related to the gradient of the Moreau envelope $M_{\lambda f}$ of a function $\lambda f$ by the following identity: $\nabla M_{\lambda f}(x)={\frac {1}{\lambda }}(x-\mathrm {prox} _{\lambda f}(x))$.
* The proximity operator of $f$ is characterized by inclusion $p=\operatorname {prox} _{f}(x)\Leftrightarrow x-p\in \partial f(p)$, where $\partial f$ is the subdifferential of $f$, given by
    $\partial f(x)=\{u\in \mathbb {R} ^{N}\mid \forall y\in \mathbb {R} ^{N},(y-x)^{\mathrm {T} }u+f(x)\leq f(y)\}$ In particular, If $f$ is differentiable then the above equation reduces to $p=\operatorname {prox} _{f}(x)\Leftrightarrow x-p=\nabla f(p)$.