# Petersburg, Alaska

Petersburg is a census-designated place (CDP) in and essentially the borough seat of Petersburg Borough, Alaska, United States. The population was 3,043 at the 2020 census, up from 2,948 in 2010.
The borough encompasses Petersburg and Kupreanof, plus mostly uninhabited areas stretching to the Canadian–American border and the southern boundary of the City and Borough of Juneau. While the city of Petersburg ceased to exist as a separate administrative entity (the borough assembly created a service area to assume operation of the former city's services), the tiny city of Kupreanof remains separate within the borough.

## History

Tlingits from Kupreanof Island had long used a summer fish camp at the north end of Mitkof Island. Earlier cultures of indigenous people also used the island: remnants of fish traps and some petroglyphs have been carbon-dated back some 10,000 years.
European explorers to Mitkof Island encountered the Tlingit. In the nineteenth century, Peter Buschmann, a Norwegian immigrant, settled here, building a cannery, sawmill, docks and early structures. The settlement was named Petersburg after him, and it flourished as a fishing port. Icebergs from the nearby LeConte Glacier provided a source for cooling fish.
Petersburg originally incorporated as a town on April 2, 1910. The town had attracted mostly immigrants of Scandinavian origin, thus giving Petersburg the nickname "Little Norway". The Sons of Norway hall was built on one of the piers. Three other canneries were built and the four have operated continuously since. With the establishment of the cannery, Alaskan Natives, including Chief John Lott, began to work there and live year-round at the site.
The 1939 Slattery Report on Alaskan development identified the region as one of the areas where new settlements would be established through Jewish immigration. This plan was never implemented.
Fisheries were the mainstay of the economy. In 1965, Petersburg fishermen founded Icicle Seafoods. Fishermen Gordon Jensen and Magnus Martens teamed up with managers Tom Thompson and Bob Thorstenson, Sr. to organize a group of fishermen to purchase the Pacific American Fisheries (PAF) plant (the original Buschmann cannery) at a time when the seafood industry seemed in decline. PAF was traded on the NYSE and had been one of the largest processors in Alaska for a half century. The shareholders, including Board members Fred File, Fred Haltiner, Jr., Robin Leekley, Jeff Pfundt, Aril Mathisen, Bud Samuelson and many others (Hofstads, Otness, and Petersons to name a few) began their work to create, improve and institute the fisheries that sustain Petersburg and many other coastal communities in Alaska today. The company was originally known as PFI but in 1977 changed its name officially to Icicle Seafoods.
Petersburg incorporated as a borough in January 2013, encompassing Petersburg and Kupreanof, plus mostly uninhabited areas stretching to the Canada–US border and the southern boundary of the City and Borough of Juneau. While the City of Petersburg ceased to exist as a separate entity (the borough assembly created a service area to assume operation of the former city's services), the tiny city of Kupreanof remains separate within the borough.

## Geography

Petersburg is located on the north end of Mitkof Island, where the Wrangell Narrows meets Frederick Sound. Petersburg is halfway between Juneau, 190 km (120 mi) to the north, and Ketchikan, 180 km (110 mi) to the south.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 46.0 square miles (119 km$^2$), of which, 43.9 square miles (114 km$^2$) of it is land and 2.2 square miles (5.7 km$^2$) of it (4.74%) is water.
Mitkof Island is largely covered by low mountains. The lowlands are mainly made up of muskeg, a type of soil made up of plants in various states of decomposition. It is approximately 20 miles from its north end to its south. The western side of the island borders the Wrangell Narrows, one of the six listed in Southeast Alaska. The Narrows provides a somewhat protected waterway for boats, and opens on the south end of the island into Sumner Straits. Mitkof Island has many creeks that empty into the Narrows, including Blind Slough, Falls Creek, Twin Creeks, and Spirit Creek.
According to the National Marine Fisheries Service, the town is the 15th-most lucrative fisheries port in the United States by volume. In 2011, 101 million pounds of fish and shellfish passed through Petersburg, with a dockside value of $65 million. That year Petersburg ranked as 13th in the nation in terms of the value of its catches.

### Climate

The climate of Petersburg is oceanic (Cfb), closely bordering a subpolar oceanic climate (Cfc) and subarctic climate (Dfc). On January 16, 1981, Petersburg registered a daily maximum temperature of 62 °F (17 °C), the highest ever recorded in the month of January in Alaska. Eleven years later, on February 27, 1992, a high of 66 °F (19 °C) was observed, also setting a monthly state record high.
Climate data for Petersburg, Alaska (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1926–present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 65 (18) | 66 (19) | 66 (19) | 73 (23) | 79 (26) | 83 (28) | 84 (29) | 83 (28) | 81 (27) | 72 (22) | 64 (18) | 59 (15) | 84 (29) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 49.8 (9.9) | 49.2 (9.6) | 51.8 (11.0) | 60.1 (15.6) | 69.8 (21.0) | 73.8 (23.2) | 74.1 (23.4) | 73.6 (23.1) | 66.3 (19.1) | 59.3 (15.2) | 50.8 (10.4) | 48.2 (9.0) | 77.4 (25.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 34.6 (1.4) | 36.7 (2.6) | 40.3 (4.6) | 47.8 (8.8) | 55.3 (12.9) | 59.9 (15.5) | 61.7 (16.5) | 61.2 (16.2) | 55.7 (13.2) | 47.4 (8.6) | 39.3 (4.1) | 35.3 (1.8) | 47.9 (8.8) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 30.9 (−0.6) | 32.1 (0.1) | 34.9 (1.6) | 41.4 (5.2) | 48.5 (9.2) | 54.0 (12.2) | 56.3 (13.5) | 55.8 (13.2) | 50.8 (10.4) | 43.3 (6.3) | 35.8 (2.1) | 31.8 (−0.1) | 43.0 (6.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 27.2 (−2.7) | 27.5 (−2.5) | 29.6 (−1.3) | 35.1 (1.7) | 41.7 (5.4) | 48.1 (8.9) | 51.0 (10.6) | 50.3 (10.2) | 45.8 (7.7) | 39.2 (4.0) | 32.3 (0.2) | 28.4 (−2.0) | 38.0 (3.3) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | 8.6 (−13.0) | 11.8 (−11.2) | 15.0 (−9.4) | 25.3 (−3.7) | 32.6 (0.3) | 39.9 (4.4) | 44.6 (7.0) | 42.5 (5.8) | 35.1 (1.7) | 27.2 (−2.7) | 18.2 (−7.7) | 12.5 (−10.8) | 2.9 (−16.2) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −19 (−28) | −15 (−26) | −6 (−21) | 10 (−12) | 21 (−6) | 29 (−2) | 37 (3) | 32 (0) | 22 (−6) | 12 (−11) | −8 (−22) | −10 (−23) | −19 (−28) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 11.39 (289) | 7.60 (193) | 7.60 (193) | 6.66 (169) | 5.86 (149) | 4.98 (126) | 5.63 (143) | 8.21 (209) | 14.35 (364) | 13.84 (352) | 12.28 (312) | 11.79 (299) | 110.19 (2,799) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 20.7 (53) | 16.9 (43) | 20.0 (51) | 1.1 (2.8) | 0.2 (0.51) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.4 (1.0) | 10.8 (27) | 15.5 (39) | 85.6 (217) |
| Average extreme snow depth inches (cm) | 12.0 (30) | 11.4 (29) | 8.8 (22) | 1.1 (2.8) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.3 (0.76) | 5.2 (13) | 10.1 (26) | 18.5 (47) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 21.2 | 17.4 | 19.5 | 18.1 | 15.8 | 16.4 | 16.7 | 17.1 | 20.3 | 22.6 | 22.9 | 21.3 | 229.3 |
| Average snowy days | 7.1 | 7.0 | 7.3 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 4.9 | 8.2 | 35.9 |
| Source: NOAA ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

Petersburg first appeared on the 1910 U.S. Census and incorporated that same year. In 2013, upon the creation of the Borough of Petersburg, it became a census-designated place (CDP).
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,224 people, 1,240 households, and 849 families residing in the city. The population density was 73.5 inhabitants per square mile (28.4/km$^2$). There were 1,367 housing units at an average density of 31.2 per square mile (12.0/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the city was 81.64% White, 0.31% Black or African American, 7.20% Native American or Alaska Native, 2.76% Asian, 0.19% Pacific Islander, 1.86% from other races, and 6.05% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.85% of the population.
There were 1,240 households, out of which 38.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.2% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.5% were non-families. 25.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.11.
In the city the population was spread out, with 29.8% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 30.6% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 8.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.0 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $49,028, and the median income for a family was $54,934. Males had a median income of $42,135 versus $28,792 for females. The per capita income for the city was $25,827. About 3.3% of families and 5.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.5% of those under age 18 and 4.2% of those age 65 or over.

## Economy
### Commercial fishing

For a brief time during a peak period of the commercial fishing industry, Petersburg was rumored to have the highest per-capita income for a working town in the U.S.
Commercial fishing is the dominant economic driver of Petersburg's economy. The top producers harvest well over a million dollars of seafood each and every year. While there is a vibrant salmon troll and gillnet fleet, as well as participants in the dungeness crab and dive fisheries, the main producers in Petersburg are the 58-foot limit 'seiners'. These 58-footers harvest salmon, halibut, black cod, king, tanner crab, and herring. Many of them travel west to trawl, longline and pot cod in the western Gulf of Alaska and the Bering Sea.
Currently making a comeback in the worldwide salmon markets, the 58-foot fleet now boasts crew jobs that can approach six figures. The sustainability of all commercially harvested resources has been a trademark of the fisheries participated in by Petersburg fishermen. Petersburg Vessel Owners Association, resurrected by Gordon Jensen in the 1980s, is the lead association that ensures that all seafood harvested by the Petersburg fleet is done so in a sustainable manner, consistent with the conservation principles embodied in the state of Alaska constitution.
Petersburg also maintains a large contingent of Bristol Bay fishermen. Over 75 Petersburg residents travel each summer to fish commercially on around 35 Bristol Bay vessels in Naknek, Dillingham and King Salmon.

### Tourism

Small cruise-ships (up to 250 passengers) and private yachts visit from May through September.

## Arts and culture

* Petersburg celebrates Norwegian Constitution Day in a celebration called "Mayfest," on the third weekend in May. It is a huge celebration. Generally four days of festivities are planned, with the major events occurring early in the weekend. "Little Norway" celebrates May 17 with a longer and more enthusiastic celebration than any known Norwegian-American settlement or community. Recently Petersburg residents have traveled to Norway and have found that their American celebration of Norwegian Constitution day (Norwegian: grunnlovsdag) is longer than that in Norway, where they celebrate only on May 17.
* The Petersburg Marine Mammal Center is located here. It is a teaching center and supports research into new discoveries.
* Established in 1968, the Clausen Memorial Museum is dedicated to preserving the history, and telling the story of those who have lived and worked in Petersburg and the surrounding area.
* Petersburg is twinned with Hammerfest Municipality in Norway.

## Education

* The Petersburg School District comprises Rae C. Stedman Elementary School, Mitkof Middle School and Petersburg High School.

## Media

The town's only radio station is a community-owned and operation KFSK, which carries a public radio format.
KRSA previously broadcast from Petersburg with a religious format, until its license expired in February 2014.
The Petersburg Pilot is a weekly newspaper established in 1974, that currently publishes a paper every Thursday.

## Infrastructure
### Transportation

Located on an island with no bridges to the mainland, Petersburg can be accessed only by air or sea.

#### Marine transportation

Petersburg receives service from the Alaska Marine Highway. Petersburg is a stop on its Inside Passage route that sees scheduled service both southbound and northbound to other Southeast Alaskan communities, Bellingham, Washington and Prince Rupert, British Columbia Canada.

#### Air transportation

Jet carrier Alaska Airlines serves Petersburg with both cargo and passenger service from the Petersburg James A. Johnson Airport from Wrangell and Juneau daily, with service ultimately reaching Anchorage and Seattle. Three charter air companies operate here.

## Notable people

* Elizabeth Peratrovich (1911-1958) Alaska Native civil rights leader, born in Petersburg.
* Edna Jackson (born 1950), artist, was born in Petersburg.
* Bert Stedman spent a large part of his childhood living in Petersburg.
* Scott McAdams also lived in Petersburg for a number of years during childhood before moving to Sitka.
* Rosita Worl, president of the Sealaska Heritage Institute grew up here before being forcefully relocated to Haines to an American Indian boarding school.