OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Doncourt-lès-Longuyon

Doncourt-lès-Longuyon (French pronunciation:, literally Doncourt near Longuyon) is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in north-eastern France.

## History

During World War I the forest of Doncourt became a training ground for the German Sturm-Bataillon Nr. 5 (Rohr) commanded by Willy Rohr. The German Emperor Wilhelm II visited Rohr and his battalion on 14 August 1916.
# Wainuia clarki

Wainuia clarki is a species of air-breathing predatory land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Rhytididae.

## Distribution

This species occurs in New Zealand

## Feeding habits

Wainuia clarki feeds mainly on earthworms.
# George Brightman

George Brightman (July 3, 1746 – April 21, 1786) was a political figure in Nova Scotia. He represented Hants County in the Legislative Assembly of Nova Scotia from 1783 to 1785.
He was born in Dartmouth, Massachusetts, the son of Thomas Brighton and Judah Manchester. Brightman firstly married Hannah Baker, who died before 1764 and secondly Hannah Bailey. There were seven children in the second marriage and one in the first. He came from Rhode Island to settle in Newport township and was an original grantee for the Crown grant of 21 July 1761. Brightman served as a justice of the peace for Hants County. He was elected to the assembly in a 1783 by-election, the first election for Hants County. He died at the age of 39.
The draw for individual lands on 18 February 1762, which divided the Crown grant of the previous year saw George Brightman as well as Aaron Butts jointly drawing Newport Farm (lot B, 1st Division No. 1). In Duncanson's history of Newport NS, he indicates that "at the time of his death George Brightman owned considerable Newport property; he had sold half of Farm Lot B 1st Division No. 1 to John Chambers (site of the Old Stone House in Poplar Grove)". This stone house became of interest in 2012 when it was revealed that it was for sale for $2 million by owner Sherman Hines, who bought the house in a state of ruin in 1982 for $15,000 and had spent 30 years restoring the property. The estate includes over 100 acres and 7 buildings including the Acadian Stone House also known as The Mission. Hines indicated to the CBC television that he has traced the construction back to 1699, and that it was built by the French as a mission and a fortification against the English after searching old maps and books.
"As far as I can find in any research I have done, it is the oldest building east of Quebec City," he said.
# Swedish Shooting Sport Federation

The Swedish Shooting Sport Federation (Swedish: Svenska Skyttesportförbundet, SvSF) is a Swedish sport shooting association founded in 2009 by merging the three former organisations Swedish Sport Shooting Association (Svenska Sportskytteförbundet, SSF), Frivilliga Skytterörelsen (FSR) and Skytterörelsens Ungdomsorganisation (Skytte UO). In addition to being their well-known Nordic shooting disciplines, they are also affiliated internationally with the International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF), Fédération Internationale de Tir aux Armes Sportives de Chasse (FITASC) and the International Precision Rifle Federation (IPRF).
# Yu Peilun

Yu Peilun also spelled Yu Pei-lun (traditional Chinese: 喻培倫; simplified Chinese: 喻培伦; pinyin: Yù Péilún; Wade–Giles: Yü P'ei-lun; 1887–1911) was a late Qing Dynasty revolutionary. During the Chinese Revolution of 1911, he was part of the Chinese students anti-monarchy "Dare to Die" corps of suicide bombers. Yu died in 1911, from detonating explosives while leading a suicidal charge against forces loyal to the Qing government.
# 1% rule (aviation medicine)

In aviation medicine, the 1% rule is a risk threshold that is applied to the medical fitness of pilots. The 1% rule states that a 1% per annum risk (See also risk management) of medical incapacitation is the threshold between acceptable and unacceptable. In other words:
   Applying this 1 percent rule would result in an airline pilot being denied a medical certificate if their risk of a medical incapacitation (e.g. heart attack, convulsion, stroke, faint etc) was determined as being greater than 1% during the year.
This 1 percent rule began in the late 1980s and early 1990s in a series of British and then European aviation cardiology workshops. The application of this "1 percent rule" has subsequently spread beyond the domain of aviation cardiology to all potential causes of medical incapacitation.
The reasoning that was used in the development of the original aviation medical 1 percent rule is well described in Flight Safety and Medical Incapacitation Risk of Airline Pilots (see references). In this article the authors argue that changes in the underlying assumptions, that were the basis of the 1 percent rule, have been such that a 2 percent rule may be an appropriate modern analogue.
The application of this one percent rule is controversial. The civil aviation regulatory authorities of some nations employ such numerical risk thresholds while others do not. Of those that use numerical risk criteria there are differences in the levels of measured / calculated risk that are applied (1% per annum, 2% per annum etc.). There is also debate concerning the application of population statistics to an individual pilot and the utility and validity of the risk screening tools that are used by the civil aviation regulatory authorities (e.g. data from the Framingham Heart Study).
# William Mauduit, 8th Earl of Warwick

William Mauduit, 8th Earl of Warwick or William Maudit (c. 1221 – 8 January 1268) was an English nobleman and participant in the Second Barons' War.
He was the son of Lady Alice de Newburgh (daughter of 4th Earl of Warwick from his second wife, Alice de Harcourt) and William de Mauduit, and thus the grandson of Waleran de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Warwick. His father was Lord of Hanslope and hereditary Chamberlain of the Exchequer, a title that went back to another William Mauduit who held that office for King Henry I of England. After the death of his half-cousin, Margaret de Beaumont, 7th Countess of Warwick suo jure – without issue in June 1253 – he succeeded to the title Earl of Warwick which was passed down to him.
William adhered to King Henry III in the Second Barons' War of 1264–67. During that time, there was a surprise attack on Warwick Castle, his residence, by the forces of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester from Kenilworth Castle, led by John Giffard. According to 15th-century chronicler John Rous, the walls along the northeastern side of Warwick Castle were destroyed, so "that it should be no strength to the king". William and his wife were then taken as prisoners to Kenilworth Castle and were held there until the payment of a ransom of nineteen hundred marks was given.
William married Alice de Segrave, daughter of Gilbert de Segrave (son of Stephen de Segrave and his first wife) and Amabil de Chaucombe, but had no issue from the marriage. When he died, his estates passed to his sister Isabel who had married William de Beauchamp, Lord of Elmley. Isabel died shortly after her brother, and the title passed to her son William de Beauchamp, 9th Earl of Warwick.
# William of Douglas

Sir William Douglas (c. 1220 – c 1289), known as 'Longleg', was a Scottish knight. He was the son of Archibald I, Lord of Douglas.
The years of the minority of King Alexander III (1249–1262) featured an embittered struggle for the control of affairs between two rival parties, the one led by the nationalistic Walter Comyn, Earl of Menteith, the other by pro-English Alan Durward, Justiciar of Scotia. The former dominated the early years of Alexander's reign. In 1255 an interview between the English and Scottish kings at Kelso led to Menteith and his party losing to Durward's party. Later both parties called a Meeting of the great Magnates of the Realm to establish a regency until Alexander came of age. The Lord of Douglas was one of the magnates called to witness. Douglas was a partisan of Durward's party. This can be explained by the fact that although most of his territories lay in Douglasdale, through his wife, Constance, he had obtained the rich Manor of Fawdon in Northumberland and it would do well to keep English royal favour.
David Hume of Godscroft, the arch-panegyricist of the House of Douglas, states that Longleg married Marjorie, Countess of Carrick, and had by her two sons and a daughter, the daughter inheriting the Earldom of Carrick. Marjorie went on to marry Robert de Brus, father to King Robert I of Scotland; this, however, does not make any sense historically.
William Longleg married Constance Battail of Fawdon, and had two sons and a daughter:
* Hugh I, Lord of Douglas (died c. 1259)
* William the Hardy, Lord of Douglas (1240–1298)
* Willelma de Douglas (d. 1302)
# Conter

Conter is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Laura Conter (born 1934), Italian diver
* Lou Conter (1921–2024), American Navy Lieutenant commander
* Stephan Conter [nl] (born 1965), Belgian horse breeder
# Elachista irenae

Elachista irenae is a moth of the family Elachistidae which can be found in Poland and Slovakia.
Adults are on wing from the second half of June to the end of July in one generation per year.
# Progress MS-11

Progress MS-11 (Russian: Прогресс МC-11), identified by NASA as Progress 72P, was a Progress spaceflight operated by Roscosmos to resupply the International Space Station (ISS). This was the 163rd flight of a Progress spacecraft.

## History

The Progress-MS is an uncrewed freighter based on the Progress-M featuring improved avionics. This improved variant first launched on 21 December 2015. It has the following improvements:
* New external compartment that enables it to deploy satellites. Each compartment can hold up to four launch containers. First time installed on Progress MS-03.
* Enhanced redundancy thanks to the addition of a backup system of electrical motors for the docking and sealing mechanism.
* Improved Micrometeoroid (MMOD) protection with additional panels in the cargo compartment.
* Luch Russian relay satellites link capabilities enable telemetry and control even when not in direct view of ground radio stations.
* GNSS autonomous navigation enables real time determination of the status vector and orbital parameters dispensing with the need of ground station orbit determination.
* Real time relative navigation thanks to direct radio data exchange capabilities with the space station.
* New digital radio that enables enhanced TV camera view for the docking operations.
* The Ukrainian Chezara Kvant-V on board radio system and antenna/feeder system has been replaced with a Unified Command Telemetry System (UCTS).
* Replacement of the Kurs A with Kurs NA digital system.

## Pre-launch

In 2014, the launch was scheduled for 16 April 2018. In November 2018, delays with the launch of the EgyptSat-A spacecraft and required the launch to 28 March 2019, the Kommersant newspaper reported. In January 2019, RIA Novosti reported that the launch had been pushed to 4 April 2019.

## Launch

Progress MS-11 launched on 4 April 2019, at 11:01:34 UTC from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. It used a Soyuz-2.1a rocket.

## Docking

Progress MS-11 docked with the docking port of the Pirs module just 3 hours and 22 minutes after the launch, at 14:22:26 UTC.

## Cargo

The Progress MS-11 spacecraft delivered 3,400 kg of cargo, with 1,400 kg of this being dry cargo. The following is a breakdown of cargo bound for the ISS:
* Dry cargo: 1,400 kg
* Fuel: 900 kg
* Compressed Air: 47 kg
* Water: 420 kg (Rodnik system)
Equipment for several life science experiments, including Bioplenka, Konstanta-2, Produtsent, Mikrovir, Struktura, Biodegradatsiya and Kristallizator. The spacecraft also carried the Faza vessel for growing water plants and the associated lighting system for the Ryaska educational experiment.

## Undocking and decay

It undocked at 10:43 UTC, on 29 July 2019. And decay in the atmosphere and its debris entered the Pacific Ocean, on the same day.
# Cydamus borealis

Cydamus borealis is a species of broad-headed bug in the family Alydidae. It is found in Central America and North America.
# Halabja District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate

Halabja District was a district of the Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Kurdistan Region. In March 2014 the district was raised from district status to governorate status, becoming Halabja Governorate. Its nahiyahs (sub-districts) were elevated to become districts when the new governorate was formed.
* This Iraq geographical location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# George W. Lakin

George W. Lakin (March 29, 1816 – September 13, 1884) was an American schoolteacher and lawyer, originally from Maine, who became a pioneer leader of Wisconsin. He was a member of the second Wisconsin Constitutional Convention, a member of the 1st Wisconsin Legislature, and United States Attorney for the District of Wisconsin.

## Early life and education

George W. Lakin was born in Harrison, in Cumberland County, Maine, in March 1816. He attended public schools until about 14 years old, then went to Bridgton Academy in North Bridgton, Maine, then to the Maine Wesleyan Seminary in Readfield, from which he graduated in June 1837.
He tutored or taught school during his five years at Wesleyan; after graduating, his schoolmate of Elihu B. Washburne invited him to come teach school in East Livermore, Maine, where he lived for some time at the home of Washburn's father, Israel Washburn. Lakin was well compensated by the Washburns and, in May 1838, he began to read law while continuing to teach school at a number of schools in various towns around Maine.
In the Fall of 1839 he went west, eventually ending up teaching school in the Cook Settlement of southeastern St. Francois County, Missouri. He moved to Ste. Genevieve, Missouri, in 1840 and was invited to live and study law with the former congressman John Scott, who was then living there. In the Summer of 1841, Lakin was admitted to the bar in Missouri. That Fall, he went north to the Wisconsin Territory and set up a legal practice in Platteville.

## Public office

In 1846, Wisconsin began the process of becoming a U.S. state. The first constitution they devised was rejected by voters in an April 1847 referendum, and a second constitutional convention was called for the following Winter. Lakin was elected on the Whig Party ticket to serve as a delegate from Grant County to that second constitutional convention. The constitution they produced was approved by voters in 1848. The following February, he was elected to serve in the first session of the Wisconsin State Senate, representing all of Grant County.
In the Fall of 1849, he was named United States Attorney for Wisconsin by President Zachary Taylor. He served in the office through to the end of the term of Millard Fillmore.

## After public office

He moved to Milwaukee in 1854, and derived a significant proportion of his business from the lawyers in the western part of Wisconsin and in the Galena, Illinois, and Dubuque, Iowa, regions who had contended with him in the past.
In January 1855, Lakin was one of the defense attorneys involved in the defense of John Ryecraft (one of the people who helped free runaway slave Joshua Glover), arguing that the defendant, in freeing a slave, acted in accord with the higher law.
He died of Tuberculosis at his home in Milwaukee on September 13, 1884.

## Personal life

Lakin was a Freemason, and served as secretary of the December 1843 Masonic convention which led to the creation of the Grand Lodge of Wisconsin. On June 2, 1847, he married Statira C. Clark, "late of Danville, Me." in Potosi. They had three children, Fannie, Mildred and Charles.
# Myron B. Williams

Myron B. Williams (c. 1817 – December 7, 1884) was an American lawyer, Democratic politician, and Wisconsin pioneer. He was important in the establishment and early development of Watertown, Wisconsin, and represented Jefferson County in the Wisconsin State Senate during the 1st and 2nd legislatures (1848, 1849).

## Biography

Myron Williams settled at Watertown, Wisconsin, sometime in the 1840s, and was described as the second practicing lawyer in the village. In 1848, in the first election for state officers after Wisconsin was admitted to the Union, Williams was elected to represent Jefferson County in the Wisconsin State Senate. Over the next 30 years, he would serve as a county supervisor, city councilmember, school board member, postmaster, mayor, and district attorney in Jefferson County.
He moved to Indiana in the mid-1870s, where Governor James D. Williams appointed him Judge of the Marion County Superior Court in 1877, when an additional court was instituted by the legislature. Williams served as the 1882 President of the Indianapolis Bar Association. He died in Indianapolis, Indiana, at the age of 67, from inflammation of the bowels following a brief illness.
# Die Lösung

"Die Lösung" (, "The Solution") is a famous satirical German poem by Bertolt Brecht about the East German uprising of 1953. Written in mid-1953, it is critical of the government and was not published at the time. It was first published in 1959 in the West German newspaper Die Welt.

## Text

| Die Lösung | The Solution |
| Nach dem Aufstand des 17. Juni Ließ der Sekretär des Schriftstellerverbands In der Stalinallee Flugblätter verteilen Auf denen zu lesen war, daß das Volk Das Vertrauen der Regierung verscherzt habe Und es nur durch verdoppelte Arbeit zurückerobern könne. Wäre es da Nicht doch einfacher, die Regierung Löste das Volk auf und Wählte ein anderes? | After the uprising of the 17th of June The Secretary of the Writers' Union Had leaflets distributed on the Stalinallee Which stated that the people Had squandered the confidence of the government And could only win it back By redoubled work [quotas]. Would it not in that case Be simpler for the government To dissolve the people And elect another? |
# R. N. Messenger

Riley N. Messenger (sometimes spelled Messinger) was an American lawyer, teacher, and Wisconsin pioneer. He served as a Democratic member of the Wisconsin Senate during the 1st Wisconsin Legislature (1848). He later served in the Wisconsin State Assembly during the 1853 session.

## Background

Messenger came to Smithville, New York, about 1834 from Oneida, New York, settling in the Smithville Flats area. He practiced law there (from 1837 until the end of the Van Buren administration he also served as Postmaster of Smithville, a patronage appointment) until about 1841, when he moved to Milwaukee.

## In Milwaukee

In 1846 he was elected to the Milwaukee Board of School Directors from the Second Ward of Milwaukee, but was not re-elected for 1847. On February 18, 1847, he was the marshal from the Second Ward for the parade of Milwaukee Democrats held to support the first Wisconsin State Constitution. He was elected co-secretary of the subsequent meeting. In April 1847, he was elected Alderman for the Second Ward.
He represented the 19th Senate District (part of Milwaukee County) in the first session of the state legislature, which convened June 5, 1848, and adjourned August 21 of that year. He was succeeded in the next term by John B. Smith.
In the Spring of 1853, Milwaukee Assemblymember Herman Haertel was appointed state commissioner for immigration. Messenger was elected in a May special election to fill the remaining seven months of his term. Typically, in the legislative schedule of this era, no work would be happening in the Assembly this late into the year. In 1853, however, the Legislature was planning to re-convene in the Summer to handle the impeachment of Judge Levi Hubbell.
In 1853, he was on the board of directors of the new Milwaukee & Horicon Railroad, which was not a success and eventually was sold to the Milwaukee Road.
In 1856, he was in charge of the Hall of Fine Arts for the Wisconsin State Fair. (In 1852, Messenger had himself taken prizes for "Fine egg plants"; for "Best six varieties" of pansies, and for "Best collection of green-house plants owned by one person" at that year's State Fair.) He was the recording secretary of the Milwaukee Horticultural Society – Association for 1857, at which time he was a justice of the peace for the Sixth Ward of the City of Milwaukee.

## John Messenger

It is unknown whether Messenger was related to John Messenger, a contemporary fellow Milwaukee Democrat, who risked his life in helping captured fugitive slave Joshua Glover escape to safety after he was freed from jail.
# Gerti Shima

Gerti Shima (born 9 May 1986 in Tirana) Secretary General of NOC Albania from 2021, an Albanian former professional basketball player who last played for Albanian side KB Tirana in the Albanian Basketball Superliga. Shima transferred for the second time to Sigal Prishtina in January 2016. He made a big comeback to his hometown club, where he has been playing professionally since he was 15 years old, KB Tirana on 3 November 2016. He retired from basketball in September 2021,after he was elected in position of Secretary General in Albania National Olympic Committee. In 2006 he scored 91 points in a game with Valbona against Partizani, a league record that stood for ten years until Genti Lasku scored 100.

## Career

Shima returned to Kosovo in September 2012 after securing a transfer to KB Peja, signing a one-year contract.
On 10 August 2015, Shima signed one-year contract for KB Bashkimi., but on 8 January 2016 he left KB Bashkimi.
On 11 January 2016, he signed one-year contract for Sigal Prishtina. On 3 November 2016, he made a come back to KB Tirana. Shima played from 2001 in the national team where he was the captain of Albania national team.
Since September 2021 he is in the position of Secretary General at Albania Olympic Committee