# Timeline of Stuttgart

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Stuttgart, Germany.

## Prior to 14th century

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* 1st C. CE - Roman fort established (Bad Cannstatt).
* 950 CE - Old Castle built.
* 1240 - Stiftskirche built.
* 1300 - Counts of Württemberg establish residence (approximate date).

## 14th-18th century

* 1321 - City status granted.
* 1392 - Eberhard II, Count of Württemberg (1315–1392) dies in Stuttgart.
* 1486 - Printing press in operation.
* 1493 - Spitalkirche built.
* 1495 - Stuttgart becomes capital of Wurttemberg.
* 1570 - Old Palace built.
* 1626 - Hoppenlaufriedhof [de] (cemetery) in use.
* 1686 - Gymnasium illustre (school) established.
* 1769 - Castle Solitude built outside city.
* 1775 - Karlsschule relocates to Stuttgart.
* 1795 - Population: 19,510.

## 19th century

* 1803 - City becomes capital of the Electorate of Württemberg.
* 1807
** New Palace built.
** Schlossplatz opens.
* 1808 - Schloss-Garten laid out in Neckar-Strasse.
* 1810 - Royal Library founded by Frederick I of Württemberg.
* 1811 - Stuttgart Cathedral rebuilding completed.
* 1820 - Willibald Feuerlein [de] becomes mayor.
* 1824 - Stuttgarter Liederkranz (singing society) founded.
* 1826 - Natural history museum opens.
* 1827 - Katharinenhospital Stuttgart [de] built.
* 1829 - University of Stuttgart founded.
* 1830 - Rosenstein Palace completed.
* 1832 - Winterschule für Bauhandwerker (trade school) founded.
* 1833 - Georg Gottlob von Gutbrod [de] becomes mayor.
* 1839 - Schiller memorial erected in Schillerplatz.
* 1840 - Wilhelm Palais built.
* 1841
** Schlossplatz column erected.
** Hospitalkirche restored.
** Population: 42,217.
* 1842 - Olgahospital [de] founded.
* 1843 - Staatsgalerie Stuttgart (art museum) opens.
* 1846
** Railway station opens.
** Wilhelma garden established.
* 1848 - Stuttgart-Heilbronn railway begins operating.
* 1849 - Rump parliament held.
* 1857
** Stuttgart Music School founded.
** Hotel Marquardt in business.
** Ploucquet's Museum opens.
* 1860
** Königsbau constructed on the Schlossplatz.
** Population: 61,314.
* 1861 - Stuttgart Synagogue [de] built.
* 1862 - Heinrich von Sick [de] becomes mayor.
* 1864 - Kultur- und Kongresszentrum Liederhalle [de] (concert hall) built.
* 1865 - Polytechnic School built in Stadtgarten-Platz.
* 1869 - Württemberg State Museum founded.
* 1870 - Architectural school built.
* 1871
** City becomes part of the German Empire.
** Tiergarten Nill [de] zoo in business.
* 1872
** Black Forest Railway (Württemberg) in operation.
** Theophil Friedrich von Hack [de] becomes mayor.
** Stuttgarter Hofbräu brewery in business.
* 1873 - Pragfriedhof [de] (cemetery) established.
* 1875
** Martin's "Museum of the Primeval World" opens.
** Marienkirche built.
* 1876 - Johanneskirche built.
* 1880
** Wilhelma park opens to the public.
** Law Courts built.
** Population: 117,303.
* 1881 - Breuninger retailer in business.
** Gewerbehalle built in Kriegsberg-Strasse.
* 1888 - Dinkelacker brewery in business.
* 1889 - Stuttgart Swimming Baths built.
* 1890 - Population: 139,817.
* 1892 - Socialist women's newspaper Die Gleichheit in publication in Stuttgart.
* 1893 - Emil von Rümelin [de] becomes mayor.
* 1894 - Hotel Victoria (Stuttgart) [de] in business.
* 1895 - Kriegsberg Tower, Landesgewerbe-Museum (industrial museum), and Königin-Olga-Bau constructed.
* 1899 - Heinrich von Gauss [de] becomes mayor.
* 1900
** German Peace Society headquartered in city.
** Friedrichsbau theatre opens.
** Stuttgarter Hymnus-Chorknaben (boys' choir) founded.
** Population: 176,699.

## 20th century
### 1900s-1945

* 1901 - City public library established.
* 1903 - Solituderennen motorsport events begin.
* 1905
** Cannstatt and Untertürkheim become part of city.
** Population:249,443.
* 1907 - International Socialist Congress held in Stuttgart.
* 1908
** Degerloch becomes part of city.
** Cavalry barracks built.
* 1910
** Markthalle Stuttgart [de] built.
** Population: 286,218.
* 1911
** Linden Museum established.
** Karl Lautenschlager [de] becomes mayor.
* 1912
** Verein für Bewegungsspiele Stuttgart (football club) formed.
** Königliche Hoftheater and Stuttgart-Degerloch water tower built.
* 1913 - Waldfriedhof Stuttgart [de] (cemetery) established.
* 1915 - Böblingen Airport begins operating.
* 1916 - Stuttgart Open tennis tournament begins.
* 1918
** City becomes capital of Free People's State of Württemberg.
** Schlossplatz opens to the public.
* 1919 - Population: 309,197.
* 1922
** Botnang becomes part of city.
** Stuttgart Central Station rebuilt.
** Stuttgart Observatory active.
* 1924 - Stuttgarter Philharmoniker (orchestra) formed.
* 1927
** Weissenhof Estate built.
** Flandern military training ground active.
* 1928 - Tagblatt-Turm and Schocken Department Store built.
* 1931
** Rotenberg and Zuffenhausen become part of city.
** Ferdinand Porsche in business.
* 1933
** Feuerbach and Weilimdorf become part of city.
** Karl Strölin becomes mayor.
** Adolf-Hitler-Kampfbahn (stadium) built.
* 1935 - Max-Eyth-See (artificial lake) created.
* 1937 - Kurmärker Kaserne (military barracks) built.
* 1938
** Helenen Kaserne (military barracks) established.
** Coat of arms of Stuttgart [de] redesign adopted.
* 1939
** Stuttgart Airport built.
** Horticultural exhibition held in Killesbergpark.
** Deportation of Jews begins.
* 1940
** Robert-Bosch-Hospital opens.
** August 25: Aerial bombing by Allied forces begins.
* 1942
** Plieningen and Stammheim (Stuttgart) [de] become part of city.
** November 22: Aerial bombing.
* 1943
** March 11: Aerial bombing.
** April 15: Aerial bombing.
** September 6: Aerial bombing.
** October 8: Aerial bombing.
** November 26: Aerial bombing.
* 1944
** February 21: Aerial bombing.
** March 2: Aerial bombing.
** March 15: Aerial bombing.
** July: Aerial bombing.
** September: Aerial bombing.
** October 19: Aerial bombing.
** November 5: Aerial bombing.
** December 9: Aerial bombing.
* 1945
** January 28: Aerial bombing.
** April 21: Allied ground forces take city; military occupation begins.
** December 5: United States Army occupies Kelley Barracks.
** Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra and Volkstheater founded.
** Arnulf Klett becomes mayor.

### 1946-1990s

* 1946 - Südfunk-Chor Stuttgart (choir) formed.
* 1947 - Alte Staatsgalerie rebuilt.
* 1948 - Bölkow aircraft manufactory in business.
* 1952 - City becomes part of newly formed state of Baden-Württemberg.
* 1953 - Landesarboretum Baden-Württemberg established.
* 1954
** Bodensee-Wasserversorgung [de] (water supply organization) founded.
** State Museum of Natural History exhibits open in Rosenstein Castle.
* 1956 - Fernsehturm Stuttgart commissioned.
* 1957 - Birkenkopf enlarged.
* 1961 - City hosts Bundesgartenschau (national horticulture biennial).
* 1964
** Stammheim Prison commissioned.
** New Palace reconstructed.
* 1965
** Wilhelm Palais reconstructed.
** Railway Vehicle Preservation Company founded.
* 1966 - Funkturm Stuttgart and Versatel building constructed.
* 1967 - United States European Command headquarters relocates to Stuttgart.
* 1969 - Old Castle renovated.
* 1970 - Württembergische Landesbibliothek (state library) building opens.
* 1971 - Georg von Holtzbrinck Publishing Group in business.
* 1972 - Hannibal housing development and Fernmeldeturm constructed.
* 1973 - Stuttgart (region) (Regierungsbezirk) established.
* 1974 - Manfred Rommel becomes mayor.
* 1975
** Trial of Red Army Faction members held in Stammheim Prison.
** Stuttgart-Möhringen directional radio tower built.
* 1976
** Porsche Museum opens.
** Kickers-Stadium renovated.
* 1978
** Stuttgart S-Bahn begins operating.
** Künstlerhaus Stuttgart [de] founded.
** Roman Catholic Diocese of Rottenburg-Stuttgart active.
* 1981 - Internationale Bachakademie Stuttgart founded.
* 1982 - Trickfilmfestival Stuttgart [de] begins.
* 1983 - Hanns-Martin-Schleyer-Halle built.
* 1984
** Neue Staatsgalerie (art museum) opens.
** Theaterhaus Stuttgart founded.
* 1987 - Sparkassen Cup track and field competition begins.
* 1988
** Schwanenbrau Cup cycling race begins.
** May: 1988 European Cup Final held.
* 1994 - Stuttgart Region (metropolitan area) and Regionalversammlung des Verbands Region Stuttgart [de] (regional governance entity) established.
* 1997 - Wolfgang Schuster becomes mayor.
* 2000 - Observation tower built in Killesbergpark.

## 21st century

* 2005 - Kunstmuseum Stuttgart opens.
* 2006 - Mercedes-Benz Museum opens.
* 2007
** Messe Stuttgart (exhibition centre) built.
** United States Africa Command headquartered in Stuttgart.
* 2011
** May: Trial of Rwandan military leader Ignace Murwanashyaka begins at the Oberlandesgericht Stuttgart [de].
** Population: 613,392.
* 2013 - Fritz Kuhn becomes mayor.