OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Emperor Peak

Emperor Peak is a 3,127-metre (10,259-foot) mountain summit located in the Purcell Mountains of British Columbia, Canada. It is situated 43 km (27 mi) north of Kaslo, on the northern boundary of Purcell Wilderness Conservancy Provincial Park and Protected Area. The nearest higher peak is Archduke Mountain, one km (0.62 mi) to the east. These two peaks make up the double summit of the Archduke-Emperor massif. The mountain's name was officially adopted June 20, 1972, when approved by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. The peak was named for its regal appearance, and for Beethoven's Emperor Concerto, as submitted by climber Curt Wagner who had climbed the mountain in 1967.

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Emperor Peak is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. Precipitation runoff from Emperor Peak and meltwater from its glacier drains into tributaries of the Duncan River.
# UFC Fight Night: Moicano vs. Saint Denis

UFC Fight Night: Moicano vs. Saint Denis (also known as UFC Fight Night 243 and UFC on ESPN+ 101) was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that took place on September 28, 2024, at the Accor Arena in Paris, France.

## Background

The event marked the promotion's third visit to Paris and first since UFC Fight Night: Gane vs. Spivac in September 2023.
A lightweight bout between Renato Moicano and Benoît Saint Denis headlined this event.
A lightweight bout between Ľudovít Klein and Nikolas Motta was scheduled for this event. However, Motta withdrew for unknown reasons and was replaced by Roosevelt Roberts.
A featherweight bout between Morgan Charrière and AJ Cunningham was scheduled for this event. However, Cunninham withdrew from the fight due to an injury and was replaced by Gabriel Miranda.
A women's bantamweight bout between former UFC Women's Featherweight Champion Germaine de Randamie and Nora Cornolle was scheduled for this event. However, de Randamie withdrew from the fight due to a broken finger and a fractured foot which led her to be replaced by former LFA Women's Bantamweight Champion Jacqueline Cavalcanti.
A bantamweight bout between Taylor Lapilus and Felipe Lima was scheduled for this event. However, Lima withdrew from the fight for unknown reasons and was replaced by Vince Morales.
At the weigh-ins, Ailín Pérez weighed in at 136.5 pounds, half a pound over the bantamweight non-title fight limit. The bout proceeded at catchweight and Perez was fined 20 percent of her purse, which went to her opponent Darya Zheleznyakova.

## Bonus awards

The following fighters received $50,000 bonuses.
* Fight of the Night: No bonus awarded.
* Performance of the Night: Bryan Battle, Morgan Charriere, Farès Ziam, and Chris Duncan
# Middle temporal gyrus

Middle temporal gyrus is a gyrus in the brain on the temporal lobe. It is located between the superior temporal gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus. It corresponds largely to Brodmann area 21.
The middle temporal gyrus is bounded by:
* the superior temporal sulcus above;
* the inferior temporal sulcus below;
* an imaginary line drawn from the preoccipital notch to the lateral sulcus posteriorly.
It has been connected with processes as different as contemplating distance, recognition of known faces, audio-visual emotional recognition, and accessing word meaning while reading. Some studies indicate that lesions of the posterior region of the middle temporal gyrus, in the left cerebral hemisphere, may result in alexia and agraphia for kanji characters (characters of Chinese origin used in Japanese writing). The left middle temporal gyrus is also activated during poem composition.

## Additional images

* Position of middle temporal gyrus(shown in red).
* Drawing to illustrate the relations of the brain to the skull.
* Lateral view of a human brain, main gyri labeled.
* Cerebrum. Lateral view. Deep dissection. Superior temporal gyrus is labeled at bottom center.
* Middle temporal gyrus, right hemisphere.
* Middle temporal gyrus highlighted in green on coronal T1 MRI images
* Middle temporal gyrus highlighted in green on sagittal T1 MRI images
* Middle temporal gyrus highlighted in green on transversal T1 MRI images
# 1994 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship final

The 1994 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship final was a hurling match that was played to determine the winners of the 1994 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship, the 31st season of the All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship, a tournament organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association for the champion teams of the four provinces of Ireland. The final was contested by Kilkenny of Leinster and Galway of Connacht, with Kilkenny winning by 3–10 to 0–11.
# Dan Ramos

Dan Ramos (September 2, 1981 – January 28, 2023) was an American politician who was a member of the Ohio House of Representatives for the 56th District, serving from January, 2011 to January, 2019. He was a member of the Democratic Party.

## Career

A lifetime Lorain resident and graduate of Lorain Admiral King High School, Ramos went on to study political science at the Ohio State University. Ramos spent his early career as a policy analyst and legislative aide for Joseph Koziura and Speaker Armond Budish. Along with his time as a policy analyst, he also worked the political front throughout Lorain County.

## Ohio House of Representatives

With incumbent Joseph Koziura unable to run again, Ramos sought to replace him. However, he faced two other Democrats for the nomination. He went on to win the nomination with 34.63% of the vote. In the general election, Ramos defeated Republican Henry "Skip" Lewandowski with 67.67% of the vote.
Ramos was sworn into his first term on January 3, 2011. Ramos served on the committees of Finance and Appropriations; Commerce and Labor; Health and Aging; and the Health and Aging Subcommittee on Retirement and Pensions. Ramos also served as Ranking Member to the Finance and Appropriations Subcommittee on Higher Education. In addition, Ramos has served as a member of the Ohio School Facilities Commission, the Ohio Commission on Hispanic/Latino Affairs, as well as the Ohio Retirement Study Council.
Ramos won a second term in 2012 unopposed. In May, 2013, Ramos was selected by his colleagues in the House to serve as Assistant Minority Whip. His selection to House leadership represents the first time a person of Latino descent has served in such a role in either chamber of the Ohio General Assembly.

### Positions and initiatives

Ramos was critical of Governor John Kasich's lack of diversity in his cabinet. The first person of Puerto Rican heritage elected to the General Assembly, he said nearly one in five persons in Ohio is an ethnic minority. "I wish the governor well, as his successes are my successes, and much more importantly, are the successes of my constituents. Whether black or white, Hispanic or Asian, Native American, Pacific Islander, native born or immigrant, gay or hetero, male or female, Ohio is home to all of us. I'm here today to make certain that the voices of all Ohio's people are heard so we can all move forward together," Rep. Ramos said.
Ramos was also critical of a bill pertaining to the elimination of collective bargaining for public employees. Ramos said the working class and union workers are Ohio’s “economic growth, which is what we need.” The bill passed out of the legislature, but Ramos believes that the majority of individuals will vote on a referendum against the bill.
In regards to a remarks by Todd McKenney that he voted for an abortion bill that he thought was unconstitutional, Ramos told his colleagues that if they believe a bill is unconstitutional, they are obligated not to enact it.

## Personal life and death

Ramos died on January 28, 2023, at the age of 41.
# Demetriola

Demetriola is a genus in the beetle family Carabidae. There are at least two described species in Demetriola, found in Madagascar.

## Species

These two species belong to the genus Demetriola:
* Demetriola levis Jeannel, 1949 (Madagascar)
* Demetriola maculata Facchini & Susini, 2011 (Madagascar)
# Pinchas Toledano

Pinchas Toledano (פנחס טולידאנו) is Hakham-Emeritus (Chief Rabbi) of Amsterdam and of the Spanish and Portuguese Jews of the Netherlands. He was also the official Av Beit Din, head of the court, of the Netherlands Beit Din.

## Biography

He studied under his father, Baruch Avraham Toledano [he], and also attended various yeshivot in England and Israel, receiving semikha—ordination—at age 20. He is also a certified shochet (ritual slaughterer), sofer (scribe) and mohel (circumciser).
In 1969 he received a BA Hons in Semitics from the University of London. In 1980 he received his PhD from London, his dissertation focusing on the relationship between Rashi and the Targumim.
In 1974 he was appointed Dayan (rabbinic judge) of the Sephardi Community of London and in 1980 was Av Bet Din. In 1998, he was appointed Dayan of the Dutch Sephardi Beth Din. He was appointed as Hakham of the Spanish and Portuguese community of the Netherlands in 2012. Since 2020 he is Hakham-Emeritus.

## Works

Dayan P. Toledano is author of several scholarly works. Among these are:
* Berit Shalom, which collects his Rabbinical Responsa in 3 volumes, the largest bulk of which deals with the issue of mamzerim
* Meqor haBerakhah (מקור הברכה), a code of Jewish Law with notes, commentary, and sources as based on contemporary poskim in 4 volumes:
   * Prayers, Blessings
   * Shabbat and Moadim
   * Various Current Laws in Yore Dea
   * Everlasting Life - Mourning Laws
    It contains approbations from both Rav Ovadia Yosef and Rav Mordechai Eliyahu, and both have written notes in the volume on points in which they disagree with the Dayan. An English rendition of this work, published as Fountain of Blessings (ISBN 978-1870216029), was also released as a 2-volume set (each volume containing two of the volumes from the original four-volume publication).
* The Bene Israel of India, focusing on the controversy surrounding the Bene Israel, and remonstrating the Sephardic community and State of Israel for its rejection of the them. (ISBN 978-0950108636).
# Peter J. Buckley

Peter J. Buckley (born May 10, 1957) is a Democratic politician from the U.S. State of Oregon. He represented District 5, consisting of Ashland, Phoenix, Talent, Jacksonville, Ruch and Applegate, in the Oregon House of Representatives. Buckley was first elected in 2004 and served until 2017. He served on the Education Committee (chair), the Education Subcommittee On Education Innovation, the Education Subcommittee On Higher Education (chair), the Elections, Ethics and Rules Committee (Vice-chair), and the Transportation Committee.

## Early life and career

Born in San Francisco, California, Buckley received a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree from the University of Santa Clara in 1979. Buckley worked for more than 20 years in non-profit management. He turned the financially struggling Ferndale Repertory Theater into a successful local art center, adding staff and health care benefits for the first time in the organization's history. He worked to improve cultural tourism and create jobs in Humboldt County as an extension of his work with the Dell’Arte International school of theater arts.
He also worked on the nationally recognized Arts Plus programs for K-8 classrooms through work with the National Endowment for the Arts in Washington, D.C., and with the Boys & Girls Club, Hospice of Humboldt, KEET-TV (PBS), KHSU (NPR), Humboldt Senior Center, Arcata Children's Center, Pacific Art Center, the Ink People, and Head Start to raise funds. For 15 years, Buckley has been a political commentator for NPR affiliates, including Jefferson Public Radio.

## Political career

In 2002, as a Democrat, he ran unsuccessfully for U.S. Congress representing Oregon's 2nd congressional district against incumbent Republican Greg Walden. In 2004, he was elected to an open seat in the Oregon House of Representatives, and was re-elected in 2006 and 2008.

## Personal life

A resident of Ashland, Buckley is married to Joan Langley and has three.
# Maximilian Nierenstein

Maximilian Nierenstein (also known as Moses Max Nierenstein or Max Nierenstein; 1877–1946) was a professor of biochemistry at the University of Bristol.
He is known for the Nierenstein reaction, an organic reaction describing the conversion of an acid chloride into an haloketone with diazomethane.
In 1912, Polish biochemist Casimir Funk isolated a complex of micronutrients and proposed the complex be named "vitamine" (a portmanteau of "vital amine"), a name reportedly suggested by friend Max Nierenstein.
He also studied natural phenols and tannins found in different plant species. He showed in 1945 that luteic acid, a molecule present in the myrobalanitannin, a tannin found in the fruit of Terminalia chebula, is an intermediary compound in the synthesis of ellagic acid. Working with Arthur George Perkin, he prepared ellagic acid from algarobilla and certain other fruits in 1905. He suggested its formation from galloyl-glycine by Penicillium in 1915. Tannase is an enzyme that Niederstein used to produce m-digallic acid from gallotannins. He proved the presence of catechin in cocoa beans in 1931.
He also worked on milk and caseinogen. He reviewed the discovery of lactose in 1936.

## Works

* Nierenstein, Moses Max (1904). Synthese des 2-Oxyflavonols.
* Moore, Benjamin; Nierenstein, Maximilian; Todd, John Lancelot; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (1908). Concerning the Treatment of Experimental Trypanosomiasis.
* Nierenstein, Maximilian (1910). Chemie der Gerbstoffe.
* Nierenstein, M (1912). Organische Arsenverbindungen und ihre chemotherapeutische Bedeutung.
* Nierenstein, M (1932). Incunabula of tannin chemistry: A collection of some early papers on the chemistry of the tannins reproduced in facsimile and published with annotations.
* Nierenstein, Maximilian; Skene, Macgregor (1934). The Natural Organic Tannins: History, Chemistry, Distribution.
# Building Cost Information Service

The Building Cost Information Service (BCIS) provides cost and price data for the UK construction industry. Founded as part of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS), it is now a standalone company.

## History

BCIS was set up in 1961 to provide the profession with cost information in elemental format and to promote the use of elements and of elemental cost planning. The BCIS "Standard Form of Cost Analysis" (SFCA) remained an industry staple, largely unchanged, until the late 2000s. In 2012 the "New Rules of Measurement" for cost management throughout the construction process were accompanied by a modernised version of the SFCA.
In 2022, the BCIS was spun out of RICS.
The BCIS approach is the most popular costing method employed by quantity surveyors in the UK.
# Anne Ulrich

Anne S. Ulrich (born December 31, 1966) is a German chemist. She is the director of the Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2) and Chair of Biochemistry at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology.

## Education

She studied chemistry at the University of Oxford - continued her doctoral work in the laboratory of Anthony Watts - held subsequent research positions as an EMBO-Fellow with Hartmut Oschkinat at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg and as a Liebig-Fellow with Felix Wieland at the University of Heidelberg - became Associate Professor at the University of Jena - until she moved her group in 2002 to the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology.

## Research

Her research focuses on the structural and functional analysis of biomembranes by solid state NMR. The main systems of interest are:
* Mechanisms of membrane-active peptides with antimicrobial, cell-penetrating, fusogenic, or cytotoxic functions
* Helix-helix interactions of transmembrane segments from signalling receptors, ion channels, and protein translocation systems
* Self-assembly of amyloidogenic peptides and "charge-zipper" proteins in membranes

## Personal

Ulrich comes from a family with strong scientific background.
# JK Memorial

The JK Memorial is a Brazilian mausoleum, presidential memorial and cultural center dedicated to Juscelino Kubitschek (1902–1976), the 21st President of Brazil and the founder of Brasília, capital city of Brazil since 1960. Designed by Oscar Niemeyer, the memorial is located in the Monumental Axis in Brasília. It is the final resting place of President Kubitschek. The Memorial was designed by architect Oscar Niemeyer, responsible for the main buildings of the Brazilia, at the request of Juscelino's widow and former First Lady Sarah Kubitschek.

## The Inside

You can see photos and objects from the lives of Juscelino and Sarah, such as the presidential sash and the clothes they wore at the inauguration, as well as the former president's tomb. Works by artists such as Athos Bulcão and Marianne Peretti complement the memorial's interior, Goiás. Outside the memorial is what is possibly the most famous statue of Juscelino, made by Honório Peçanha, which stands on a pedestal almost thirty meters above the ground. The idea for the shape and the pedestal was conceived by Niemeyer, who is said to have been inspired by the symbol of communism - which he has always denied, but which generated some controversy before its installation. The building, seen from the outside, is a block of white marble with few openings. The site is open from Tuesday to Sunday, between 9 am and 6 pm.
# News propaganda

News propaganda is a type of propaganda covertly packaged as credible news, but without sufficient transparency concerning the news item's source and the motivation behind its release. Transparency of the source is one parameter critical to distinguish between news propaganda and traditional news press releases and video news releases. The accuracy of this type of information, or lack thereof, puts the propaganda into the Black Propaganda or Gray Propaganda categories.
As with any propaganda, news propaganda may be spread for widely different reasons including governance, political or ideological motivations, partisan agendas, religious or ethnic reasons, and commercial or business motivations; their purposes are not always clear. News propaganda also can be motivated by national security reasons, especially in times of war or domestic upheaval.
Jason Stanley, who is an American philosopher and professor of philosophy at Yale University, he defines the characteristics of propaganda as the service of either supporting or eroding ideals. The first distinction between kinds of propaganda has to do with whether or not it erodes or supports the ideals it appears to embody. This is the distinction between supporting and undermining propaganda.

## Use
### Print media

Historically, print outlets have been a less common source of news propaganda than other forms of media. It can be more difficult for some heavily influential information that leans one way or another to get through all individuals involved in sending an article to print in a new paper or magazine, although it is more likely for propaganda to be spread through print publications in developing countries.

### Broadcasting

Going back as early as World War II, radio has been used as a form through which news propaganda could be disseminated – the government of Nazi Germany used radio to spread its ideals throughout Europe, as well as the United Kingdom, to drum up sympathy from countries like the US when the Germans had the upper hand.
Television dominated as a main source for propaganda from its creation, particularly in the United States. News channels reportedly have a tremendous amount of control over content and with the rise of the 24-hour news cycle, more networks are looking to release information regardless of its validity.

### New media

The phenomenon of new media, and social media in particular, has made the spread of certain ideas more accessible to the wider public. By extension, it is also easier for posts to be spread and viewed by larger audiences, who are more likely to perceive them as facts if they have a larger footprint. This type of environment has been used by state and non-state actors as a common method of deploying propaganda, as well as information warfare.
# Labour Exchanges Act 1909

The Labour Exchanges Act 1909 (9 Edw. 7. c. 7) was an act of Parliament which saw the state-funded creation of labour exchanges, also known as employment exchanges. The stated purpose was to help the unemployed find employment.
Prior to the creation of these government-funded labour exchanges, workers would have to search for jobs themselves; the first labour exchange was established by social reformer and employment campaigner Alsager Hay Hill in London in 1871.
The act also wanted to improve the mobility of the workforce, which until then had not been achieved. However, the exchanges were not very effective since only 25% of those listed on the labour exchange workforce found employment through them.
The law was opposed by some trade unions that feared their bargaining power would be reduced by the law and make it easier to recruit cheap labour from distant parts of the country.
# Stara Dębszczyzna

Stara Dębszczyzna is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Filipów, within Suwałki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland.
# Hooper S. Miles

Hooper Steele Miles (January 27, 1895 – March 8, 1964) was an American politician, lawyer and banker from Maryland. He served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Wicomico County, in 1925. He served as Treasurer of Maryland from 1935 to 1963.

## Early life

Hooper Steele Miles was born on January 27, 1895, in Cambridge, Maryland, to Agnes (née Hooper) and Alonzo L. Miles. Shortly after his birth, the family moved to Baltimore and he attended public schools there. In 1913, the family moved to Salisbury, Maryland. He graduated from the University of Maryland School of Law in 1916. He was admitted to the bar in 1916.

## Career

In 1916, Miles began practicing law with his father in Salisbury under the law firm Miles and Miles. After his father's death in 1917, he practiced alone until forming the law firm Miles, Baily & Williams. He also formed the firm Miles, Whealton & Miles. He formed this partnership with Clarence W. Whealton and his brother Clarence W. Miles. He continued as a lawyer in Salisbury until 1937.
Miles was a Democrat. Miles served in the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Wicomico County, in 1920. He was a delegate to the 1920 Democratic National Convention. In 1925, Miles was elected city solicitor of Salisbury and remained in that role until 1932. In 1931, he was a member of the state banking commission. He served as Treasurer of Maryland from 1935 to 1963.
Miles was president of the Eastern Shore Trust Company of Dorchester County from 1932 to 1937. The bank would reorganize as the County Trust Company of Maryland and would later become the Maryland National Bank of Baltimore. He served as director and executive vice president from 1937 to 1948. In 1948, Miles became chairman of the board and chief executive officer. He also served as director of the executive committee of U.S. Fidelity and Guaranty Company, Eutaw Savings Bank and the Maryland Shipbuilding and Drydock Company.
Miles published The Maryland Executive Budgeting System, 1916–1941 in 1942. Miles was a trustee of the Sheppard and Enoch Pratt Hospital and the Roland Park Country School. He served as treasurer of Johns Hopkins Hospital and vice president of the Baltimore Chamber of Commerce. He was a member of the American and Maryland Bankers Associations and the Association of Reserve City Banks.

## Personal life

Miles married A. Frances Williams, daughter of L. Ernest Williams, on February 20, 1919. They had three children, Hooper Steele, Mary Frances and Catherine Louise.
Miles died on March 8, 1964, at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore. He was buried at Druid Ridge Cemetery in Pikesville.