OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Whitesaddle Mountain

Whitesaddle Mountain is a summit located in British Columbia, Canada.

## Description

Whitesaddle Mountain, elevation 2,990-meters (9,810-feet), is situated 300 km (190 mi) north-northwest of Vancouver in the Niut Range of the Coast Mountains. Whitesaddle ranks as the ninth-highest peak in the Niut Range. Precipitation runoff and glacier meltwater from the mountain drains into tributaries of Mosley Creek, thence Homathko River and ultimately Bute Inlet. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises nearly 2,200 meters (7,218 feet) above Middle Lake in six kilometers (3.7 miles).

## History

The Whitesaddle name was submitted for consideration in April 1933 by Henry Snow Hall (1895–1987), Harvard Mountaineering Club, following his first ascent of nearby Blackhorn Mountain in 1932. Hall wrote: "I have suggested the names Whitesaddle and Blackhorn for the two peaks which are prominently visible down the Homathko valley from the automobile road passing Tatla Lake. The names seem appropriate for this cattle ranching country because of the appearance of the peaks themselves. The right hand peak of the two, a dark rock dome, has a white glacier flowing from the summit down the face of the peak toward the observer which reminded me at once of a white saddle." The landform's toponym was officially adopted January 9, 1934, by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
The first ascent of Whitesaddle's summit was made in 1939 by Henry Snow Hall and Hans Fuhrer. In July 1985, Fred Beckey and Reed Tindall were the first to climb the north face.

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Whitesaddle Mountain is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Coast Mountains where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall. As a result, the Coast Mountains experience high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. Winter temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C.
# Andrei Severny (astronomer)

Andrei Borisovich Severny (Russian: Андрей Борисович Северный; 11 May 1913, Tula – 3 April 1987, Bakhchysarai Raion) was a Soviet astronomer, particularly known for his work on solar flares and astronomical observations from artificial satellites. He was director of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory from 1952–1987 and vice-president of the International Astronomical Union from 1964 to 1970.
After World War II, he was assigned to the Crimean Observatory, which was originally based in Simeiz, Crimea, on the Black Sea coast, and was then involved in the construction of a new observer in Naucine, in the Crimean Mountains.

## Awards and honors

* Stalin Prize, 3rd class (1952)
* Order of the Badge of Honour (1953)
* Two Orders of the Red Banner of Labour (1961, 1963)
* Two Orders of the October Revolution (1971, 1975)
* Hero of Socialist Labour (1973)
* Two Orders of Lenin (1973, 1983)
* USSR State Prize (1984)
# Sjors

Sjors is a Dutch version of the given name George. Notable people with the name include:
* George "Sjors" van Driem (born 1957), Dutch linguist at Leiden University
* Sjors van Iwaarden (born 1969), Dutch rower
* Sjors Kramer (born 2000), Dutch footballer
* Sjors Paridaans (born 1986), Dutch footballer and coach
* Sjors Scheres (born 1975), Dutch scientist
* Sjors Ultee (born 1987), Dutch football manager
* Sjors Verdellen (born 1981), Dutch football player
# John Malcolm Campbell

John Malcolm Campbell (July 25, 1874 – May 16, 1951) was a Canadian politician. He represented the electoral district of Victoria in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1937 to 1949. He was a member of the Nova Scotia Liberal Party.
Campbell was born in 1874 at Ingonish, Nova Scotia. He married Carrie Giles. He was superintendent of St. Paul's Island from 1908–1919, and Sable Island from 1919–1921. Campbell entered provincial politics in the 1937 election, defeating Conservative incumbent Frederick W. Baldwin by 586 votes in the Victoria riding. He was re-elected in the 1941, and 1945 elections. He did not reoffer in the 1949 election. Campbell died at Middleton, Nova Scotia on May 16, 1951.
# Nochad

Nochad is a village in Kozhikode district in the state of Kerala, India.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Nochad had a population of 25272 with 12437 males and 12835 females.

## Location

It is well connected with Koyilandy, Meppayyur, Ulliyeri and Perambra, the main towns of the region, by road. The Kozhikode to Kannur State Highway passes through Velliyur, which is 2 km from Nochad. By air the nearest airport is Calicut International Airport and the nearest railway station is Koyilandy.

## Economy

People here are mainly engaged in agriculture mainly paddy, banana and tapioca. Coconut farming also is a main source of income. Many people from Nochad work abroad and that is an alternate mode of income.

## Educational institutions

The biggest school here is Nochad Higher Secondary School.

## Villages and suburbs

* Chenoli
* Ancham Peedika
* Chathoth Thazhe
* Muliyangal
* Velliyoor
* Valiacode
* Chalikkara
* Kaithakkal

## Transportation

Nochad village connects to other parts of India through Koyilandy town. The nearest airports are at Kannur and Kozhikode. The nearest railway station is at Koyiandy. The national highway no.66 passes through Koyilandy and the northern stretch connects to Mangalore, Goa and Mumbai. The southern stretch connects to Cochin and Trivandrum. The eastern National Highway No.54 going through Kuttiady connects to Mananthavady, Mysore and Bangalore.

## Places of interest

* Chenoli mosque
* Kalpathoor temple
* Nochad temple
* Sree Muthappan Temple, Valoor
* Podiyath tharavadu
* Ellathu para temple, Chenoli
* Kalpathoor Vayanasala
* velliyoor bridge
* Keloth Ayyappa Temple, Nochad
* Nochad Narasimha Temple, Nochad
# Jordan W. Smith

Jordan Wesley Smith (May 24, 1864 – May 6, 1948) was a physician and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Queen's County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1911 to 1920 as a Liberal member.
He was born in Selma, Hants County, Nova Scotia, the son of Richard Morris Smith and Sarah Ann Gaetz. After studying at the normal school in Truro, Smith taught school for five years. He then studied at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in Baltimore, Maryland as well as Johns Hopkins University. He practiced at the Hebrew Hospital in Baltimore for a year before returning to Nova Scotia, setting up practice at Liverpool in 1895. In 1902, Smith married Alma E. Hunt. He was a member of the Freemasons and also of the Independent Order of Oddfellows and Independent Order of Foresters. He died in Liverpool.
# Joseph Clyde Nunn

Joseph Clyde Nunn (July 13, 1908 – December 4, 1970) was a noted broadcaster and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Inverness in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1954 to 1963 as a Liberal member, and served as Minister of Labour and Welfare in the Henry Hicks government. Nunn was a pioneer of educational radio in Nova Scotia and was known throughout the Canadian Maritimes for his personality "The Old Timer" on his radio show "Fun at 5."
He was born in Sydney, Nova Scotia, the son of James Steven Nunn and Elizabeth Petrie. He was educated at Sydney Academy and St. Francis Xavier University. Nunn unsuccessfully ran for a seat in the House of Commons in 1940 as a National Government candidate. In 1948, he married Honorah Margaret McKenna. Nunn was a Director of the Atlantic Broadcasters Ltd, owner/operators of CJFX Radio (580 AM) in Antigonish, Nova Scotia, and served as General Manager of CJFX from its opening on March 23, 1943 until his death in December 1970. Nunn was a member of the [Canadian] National Council of Welfare, a position he held until his death. Nunn also served as President of the Antigonish Board of Trade, and was a member of the Board of Governors of Saint Francis Xavier University for over 20 years. He was first elected to the provincial assembly in a 1954 by-election held after Alexander H. McKinnon was named a county judge. He served on the province's Executive Council as Minister of Labour and Minister of Public Works. Nunn was defeated when he ran for re-election in 1963. Nunn died on December 4, 1970, after battling a long illness.
# Joseph Macdonald

Joseph Macdonald, K C (January 14, 1863 – February 16, 1942) was a lawyer, magistrate and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Cape Breton Centre from 1925 to 1933 and Cape Breton North from 1933 to 1937 as a Conservative member.
He was born in Sydney Mines, Nova Scotia, the son of Michael and Catherine Macdonald. He was educated at the University of Ottawa and Dalhousie University. In 1893, he married Teresa Mary MacDonald. Macdonald served as military censor during World War I. He was a member of the Executive Council of Nova Scotia from 1931 to 1933. He died in North Sydney at the age of 79.
His son John Michael Macdonald served in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly, 1956–1960 and the Senate of Canada, 1960–1997.
# Michael Pavia

Michael Pavia is an American businessman who served as the 30th mayor of Stamford, Connecticut.

## Early life, education, and business career

Pavia earned his BA degree in psychology from Sacred Heart University and his master's degree in Urban planning from New York University. At NYU, he had a fellowship from the United States Environmental Protection Agency. He is a lifelong Stamford resident whose grandchildren represent the fifth generation of his family in the city.
He is the founder, Owner, and Director of Pavia Development LLC, a Stamford-based residential, commercial real estate managing, and construction business.

## Stamford government career
### Environmental protection (Before 1983)

He has been an Environmental Health Sanitarian with the Stamford Health Department. He created the City's first water pollution control and enforcement program. In 1976, he was hired as the first Executive Director of the Environmental Protection Board.

### Police Commissioner (1983-1991)

Pavia served as a member of Stamford's Police Commission for eight years. He chaired the selection panel that hired approximately 100 new police officers. He participated in a national search that hired a new police chief and reorganize the department.

### Public Works Commissioner (1991-1995)

He served as Stamford's Public Works Commissioner. Incorporating his expertise in development, urban planning and the environment, he implemented many successful programs within the Department that resulted in significant cost savings and increased efficiencies. His creation of a "Capital Projects" team of experts responsible for the oversight and implementation of all capital construction resulted in major projects being delivered on time and under budget.

### Board of Representatives (2003-2006)

An active community organizer and supporter, Mike was also on the board of Directors of the Stamford Historical Society and the Springdale Neighborhood Association. He served on the Stamford Board of Representatives, representing Stamford's 18th District.

## Mayor of Stamford (2009-2013)

In 2009, Pavia ran for mayor of Stamford, Connecticut, seeking to succeed Dan Malloy, who decided to run for Governor of Connecticut. He ran as a Republican and defeated David Martin 55%-44%. The turnout rate was 42%.
In 2010, Pavia named former New York Mets manager Bobby Valentine, a lifelong Stamford resident, the 2010 City of Stamford "Citizen of the Year." The next year, he appointed Valentine to become the Director of Public Health and Safety.
Pavia helped commemorate the 10th anniversary of the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks with a new monument and a message of remembrance.
In 2011, Pavia proposed a $470.6 million budget with a 2.93% tax increase. In 2012, he proposed a $483.3 million budget with a 3.66% property tax increase. Education made up 49% of the budget, while 42% made up other city expenses.
As of July 2012, Pavia earned an annual mayoral salary of $150,000.
# Khaledabad

Khaledabad (Persian: خالدآباد) is a city in Emamzadeh District of Natanz County, Isfahan province, Iran, serving as the administrative center for Khaledabad Rural District.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 3,308 in 859 households. The following census in 2011 counted 2,756 people in 860 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 3,023 people in 1,034 households.
# Ahmad Nagar Chattha

Ahmad Nagar Chattha is a small town in Wazirabad Tehsil, Gujranwala District, Punjab, Pakistan.

## Demography

Ahmad Nager Chatha has a population of over 40,000 and is located about 45 kilometres northwest of Gujranwala city. The population is over 95% Muslim. Most people in the town speak Punjabi, though almost all of them can also speak the national language of Pakistan, Urdu. English is spoken by the educated elite.

## Education

The Government Boys Higher Secondary School was established in 1910. Other educational institutions include the Government Girls Higher Secondary School, Government Primary School, and Al-Faisal High School.

## Notable people

* Abdul Hafeez Taib (1931-2006), poet.
* Hamid Nasir Chattha, politician, previously serving as Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan and as a government minister.

## Communication

Ahmad Nager Chattha is accessible by road from Gujranwala and Wazirabad. Ahmad Nagar Chatha is connected with Wazirabad via Wazirabad-Rasul Nagar Highway, though the city is situated a few kilometres away from this highway. Another road connects it with Gujranwala via Kalaskay. This city has a direct link with Gakhar via NoorKot.
Wazirabad-Faisalabad rail link is the only nearby railway line.
# Ethan Manning

Ethan Manning is an American politician and businessman serving as a member of the Indiana House of Representatives from the 23rd district. He assumed office on November 7, 2018.

## Early life and education

Manning was born in Peru, Indiana and was raised on a farm near Macy. After graduating from North Miami Middle/High School, he studied business management at Purdue University Fort Wayne for two years. He later earned a broker's license from the Real Estate Career Institute and completed his Bachelor of Science degree through Western Governors University.

## Career

Manning worked as a broker and auctioneer for Carriger Oldfather Realty and owned Manning Cattle. From 2011 to 2012, he served as the assistant Northeast Indiana political director in the district office of Richard Lugar. In 2012 and 2013, he was the chair of the Indiana Federation of College Republicans. From 2014 to 2018, he served as a member of the Miami County, Indiana Council and later as chair of the Miami County Republican Party. He was elected to the Indiana House of Representatives in 2018.
# Mnesictena adversa

Mnesictena adversa is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Alfred Philpott in 1917 and is endemic to New Zealand.

## Taxonomy

This species was first described by Alfred Philpott in 1917 and named Mecyna adversa. In 1988 J. S. Dugdale discussed this species under the name Mnesictena adversa. In 2010 the publication The New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity placed this species in the genus Udea and this placement has been followed by many New Zealand natural history institutions and collections. However this placement has been brought into doubt by the work of Richard Mally and Matthias Nuss.

## Description

The wingspan is 20–21 mm for males and females. The forewings are ferruginous, but brighter along the costa. There is an irregular transverse outwardly-oblique white discal dot at the middle and a dark, obscurely indicated second line. The hindwings are yellow with the discal dot and terminal band fuscous.
# Dear Santa (2005 film)

Dear Santa is a 2005 American Christmas reality show special that aired on December 9, 2005 on the Fox network. Directed by Jim Hunziker, the special was hosted by Jim Belushi and featured celebrities such as Clay Aiken, Hilary Duff, Raven Symoné, and Tony Hawk.
A CD was produced along with the special, with the proceeds going to charity. Singers featured on the CD included Alicia Keys, Nick Lachey, and Vonzell Solomon.

## Synopsis

Six children were chosen from the Operation Santa initiative run by the United States Postal Service to have their wishes granted. Celebrities were brought in to assist with this task.

## Cast

* Clay Aiken as himself
* Hilary Duff as herself
* Tony Hawk as himself
* Al Hodek as Santa Claus
* Tom Kane as Santa Narration
* Raven-Symoné as herself
* Brenda Song as herself
# Norman J. MacLean

Norman James MacLean (September 21, 1920 – July 3, 2000) was a Canadian politician and medical professional. He represented the electoral district of Inverness in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1963 to 1974, and Inverness North from 1984 to 1988. He was a member of the Nova Scotia Progressive Conservative Party.
MacLean was born in Port Hawkesbury. He was educated at the St. Francis Xavier University and Dalhousie University, earning a M.D. degree at the latter. He married Dorothy Alicia Tobin in 1945.
MacLean died on July 3, 2000.
# Malu, Queensland

Malu is a rural locality in the Toowoomba Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Malu had a population of 18 people.

## Geography

The Western railway line forms the south-west boundary of the locality. Malu railway station is on the boundary of the localities of Malu and Jondaryan (27°20′55″S 151°33′41″E﻿ / ﻿27.3486°S 151.5613°E﻿ / -27.3486; 151.5613﻿ (Malu railway station)).
The land use is a mixture of cropping and grazing on native vegetation.

## Demographics

In the 2016 census, Malu had a population of 18 people.
In the 2021 census, Malu had a population of 18 people.
# Swiss Gymnastics Federation

The Swiss Gymnastics Federation (French: Fédération Suisse de Gymnastique) is the governing body of gymnastics in Switzerland. Based in Aarau, it is a member of the Swiss Olympic Association.
Founded in 1985, by merging the Federal Gymnastics Society (founded 1832) and the Swiss Association for Women's Gymnastics (founded 1908), the Swiss Gymnastics Association claims to have 410,000 members. According to its website, it is Switzerland's oldest and largest sports association. Based in Aarau since 1832, it is responsible for the management of competitions (such as artistic gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics, or trampoline) and also of leisure activities (such as aerobics or sports for youth and seniors).
In 2020, the organization faced accusations of abuse that were published in the Magglingen Protocols. This led to an independent report and external government investigation that corroborated the reports of physical and psychological abuse, as well as to calls for a reporting center for abuse in sports in Switzerland, which was established in 2022.
# Recursion (disambiguation)

Recursion is the process of repeating items in a self-similar way.
Recursion may also refer to
* Recursion (computer science), a method where the solution to a problem depends on solutions to smaller instances of the same problem
* Recurrence relation, a recursive formula for a sequence of numbers $a_{n}$
* Mathematical induction, a method of proof also called "proof by recursion"
* Recursion, a 2004 science fiction novel by Tony Ballantyne
* Recursion Pharmaceuticals, a clinical-stage biotechnology company
* Recursion (Crouch novel), a 2019 science fiction novel by Blake Crouch
* Recursive science fiction, science fiction about science fiction
# Yatihalagala

Yatihalagala is a village in Sri Lanka. It is located within Central Province.
# Echsenbach

Echsenbach is a municipality in the district of Zwettl in the Austrian state of Lower Austria.
# Pero Rodrigues de Palmeira

Pero Rodrigues de Palmeira (c. 1160 – after 1225) was a Portuguese troubadour. He belonged to the first generation of lyric poets in Galician-Portuguese. All of his works are lost. He is listed as the author of two songs in the index of the 16th-century Cancioneiro da Biblioteca Nacional. This index was made by Angelo Colocci, but the pages where his songs would be are missing.
Pero's family originated in Palmeira. He was born around 1160 to Rui Nunes de Asturias and Elvira Gonçalves de Palmeira. His brother, Martinho Rodrigues, became the bishop of Porto (r. 1191–1235). Between 1180 and 1183, Pero served as the royal lieutenant in command of Trancoso and Viseu. Thereafter, he cannot be traced in Portuguese documents until 1225, when he made out a document for the monastery of Landim [pt] in the presence of his brother. The date of his death is unknown. According to the Livro de Linhagens of Pedro de Barcelos, he "died of love" (morreu de amor) for María Páes, the daughter of Pelayo Curvo.
# The Lark on the Wing

The Lark on the Wing is a 1950 children's novel by Elfrida Vipont. A sequel to her 1948 The Lark in the Morn, it was published by Oxford University Press.

## Synopsis

After Kit Haverard's father dies, leaving her destitute, she follows her dream of becoming a professional singer.

## Reception

The Lark on the Wing won the Carnegie Medal for books published in 1950.
Kirkus Reviews considered that Kit's "growth as a woman and as a singer is developed with the same warmth that runs through the first book" and noted the character of singing instructor Papa Andreas as being "particularly rememberable [sic]", observing that the "characters tower over the events in their isolated lives."
# Marrana

The Marrana or Marrane is a breed of large sheep from the area of Rezzoaglio, in the Val d'Aveto in the province of Genova, in Liguria in north-west Italy. It was formerly a small breed, with an average weight of about 50 kg; the handful of surviving members of the breed are larger, and show strong morphological similarity to the Bergamasca and the Biellese, to such an extent that the integrity of the breed has been questioned. The Marrana is one of the forty-two autochthonous local sheep breeds of limited distribution for which a herdbook is kept by the Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia, the Italian national association of sheep-breeders.
In 2013 total numbers for the breed were not reported. Recent figures for the number of pure-bred specimens are 17, 12 and 7.
# Alonzo J. White

Alonzo J. White (c. 1836 – August 29, 1912) was a lawyer and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Cape Breton County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1867 to 1878 and from 1882 to 1886 as a Liberal member.
He was born in St. John's, Newfoundland, the son of L. J. White, and came to Halifax while still young. He was educated at Dalhousie College. In 1876, he was named Queen's Counsel. White served on the province's Executive Council as Commissioner of Crown Lands from 1874 to 1877 and Attorney General from 1877 to 1878 and from 1882 to 1886. He was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1878. White was registrar of deeds at Halifax from 1892 to 1912. He died in Halifax.
# Angus Gladstone Buchanan

Angus Gladstone Buchanan (August 24, 1893 – September 12, 1960) was a fish merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Victoria County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1920 to 1925 as a Liberal member.
He was born in Neil Harbour, Nova Scotia, the son of Angus A. Buchanan and Mary Isabel McLeod. Buchanan was educated at the Halifax Academy and McGill University. In 1922, he married Katherine MacLeod. Buchanan later served as chief warden for Cape Breton Highlands National Park. He lived at Neil's Harbour, later residing at Ingonish Beach within the National Park. Buchanan died at Portland, Maine on September 12, 1960.