OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Megan Srinivas

Megan L. Srinivas is an American politician and physician serving as a member of the Iowa House of Representatives for the 30th district. Elected in November 2022, she assumed office on January 1, 2023.

## Early life and education

Srinivas was born and raised in Fort Dodge, Iowa. After graduating from Fort Dodge Senior High School as her class's valedictorian, she earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in evolutionary biology from Harvard University. Srinivas earned a Doctor of Medicine from the Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine at the University of Iowa and a Master of Public Health from the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.

## Career

Srinivas completed an internal medicine residency at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and an infectious disease fellowship at the UNC School of Medicine. She remained at Chapel Hill as an infectious disease researcher and clinical instructor until 2022. Srinivas was elected to the Iowa House of Representatives in November 2022.
# Jeff Taylor (politician)

Jeffrey Taylor (born January 30, 1961) is an American political scientist, politician, and a Republican Party member of the Iowa Senate from District 2 since January 11, 2021.

## Early life and career

Taylor is from Spencer, Iowa. He attended Northwestern College before completing a master's degree from the University of Iowa and a master's and doctorate from the University of Missouri. As a scholar, he was an early exponent of the horseshoe theory of political ideology. Taylor taught at Dordt University for eight years prior to running for public office in 2020. Taylor was also a political analyst for KCAU-TV.

## Political career

In 2012, Taylor served as a delegate to the Republican National Convention from Iowa.
In October 2019, Taylor announced that he would be seeking election to the Iowa Senate, as incumbent Randy Feenstra vacated the seat to run for the United States House of Representatives. Taylor's candidacy in the Republican Party primary was certified in February 2020. Taylor reported that more than 250 signatures were submitted in his petition for ballot access. He was unopposed in the primary and general elections. In July 2023, Taylor announced that he would be seeking reelection.

## Published works

* Taylor, Jeff (2006). Where Did the Party Go? William Jennings Bryan, Hubert Humphrey, and the Jeffersonian Legacy. University of Missouri Press. ISBN 9780826216618.
* Taylor, Jeff (2013). Politics on a Human Scale: The American Tradition of Decentralism. Lexington Books. ISBN 9780739186749.
* Taylor, Jeff; Israelson, Chad (2015). The Political World of Bob Dylan: Freedom and Justice, Power and Sin. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9781137482341.
# Sulafa Tower

The Sulafa Tower is a 76-story residential skyscraper in the Dubai Marina in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It has a total structural height of 288 metres (945 ft) making it the 38th tallest building in Dubai as of 2024.

## History

Construction of the Sulafa Tower by Turkish conglomerate TAV Construction started in 2006. The work was carried out at a cost of US$136 million (AED500 million) to a design by Spielman Design Consulting and the National Engineering Bureau, and was completed in 2010.
On the afternoon of 20 July 2016, a fire erupted in the tower, the second fire in a skyscraper in Dubai. The original cause was a cigarette dropped by a resident on the 61st floor.
There were several hundred people in the building at the time. The fire extended to more than 30 floors and burning debris was seen crashing to the ground. It took nearly three hours for the fire service to get the fire under control. No injuries were reported by the press. Evacuees were taken to the Mina Seyahi Beach Resort.
The building has attracted attention from thrill-seekers and, in October 2016, a man base jumped from the building.
In response to the fire, in January 2017, the Dubai government announced that it would introduce stronger fire regulations. A subsequent investigation indicated that one of the factors giving rise to the fire spreading at Sulafa Tower, among other high rise buildings in Dubai, was the extensive use of combustible plastic-filled aluminium composite materials. In January 2023, the owners were subsequently asked to replace the cladding.
In November 2022, the owners were concerned by the number of illegal immigrants using apartments in the building. A new management team appointed by the owners, Saga International Owner Association Management Systems, have said that that some tenants are subletting apartments for short-term use thereby allowing the building to be used as a labour camp.

## Gallery

* Sulafa Tower under construction in December 2007
# Beth Wessel-Kroeschell

Beth Wessel-Kroeschell (born 1959) is an American politician who held the District 45 seat in the Iowa House of Representatives from 2005 to 2023. During the 2022 state legislative elections, she was redistricted to District 49.
As of September 2011, Wessel-Kroeschell serves on several committees in the Iowa House – the Environmental Protection and Judiciary committees, as well as the Human Resources committee, where she is the ranking member. She is also a member of the Health and Human Services Appropriations Subcommittee and of the Medical Assistance Projections and Assessment Council.
Wessel-Kroeschell was born and raised in Ames, Iowa. Outside of politics, she is the public events coordinator for Reiman Gardens.

## Electoral history

*incumbent
| Election | Political result | Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
| Iowa House of Representatives primary elections, 2004 District 45 Turnout: 673 | Democratic | Beth Wessel-Kroeschell | Democratic | 418 | 62.1 |
| Iowa House of Representatives primary elections, 2004 District 45 Turnout: 673 | Democratic | Tara Van Brederode | Democratic | 217 | 32.2 |
| Iowa House of Representatives primary elections, 2004 District 45 Turnout: 673 | Democratic | Leonard V. Larsen | Democratic | 30 | 4.5 |
| Iowa House of Representatives primary elections, 2004 District 45 Turnout: 673 | Democratic | Shawn Carter | Democratic | 8 | 1.2 |
| Iowa House of Representatives elections, 2004 District 45 Turnout: 14,005 | Democratic hold | Beth Wessel-Kroeschell | Democratic | 7,864 | 56.2 |
| Iowa House of Representatives elections, 2004 District 45 Turnout: 14,005 | Democratic hold | Randy R. Woodbury | Republican | 5,366 | 38.3 |
| Iowa House of Representatives elections, 2004 District 45 Turnout: 14,005 | Democratic hold | Jerry Litzel | Independent | 749 | 5.3 |
| Iowa House of Representatives elections, 2006 District 45 | Democratic hold | Beth Wessel-Kroeschell* | Democratic | unopposed | unopposed |
| Iowa House of Representatives elections, 2008 District 45 Turnout: 14,808 | Democratic hold | Beth Wessel-Kroeschell* | Democratic | 8,589 | 58.0 |
| Iowa House of Representatives elections, 2008 District 45 Turnout: 14,808 | Democratic hold | Ryan Rhodes | Republican | 6,168 | 41.7 |
| Iowa House of Representatives elections, 2010 District 45 Turnout: 8,314 | Democratic hold | Beth Wessel-Kroeschell* | Democratic | 4,396 | 52.9 |
| Iowa House of Representatives elections, 2010 District 45 Turnout: 8,314 | Democratic hold | Karin Sevde | Republican | 3,389 | 40.8 |
# Varaq

Varaq (Persian: ورق) is a village in, and the capital of, Vardasht Rural District of Vardasht District, Semirom County, Isfahan province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was Fathabad.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 400 in 92 households, when it was in the Central District. The following census in 2011 counted 305 people in 91 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 348 people in 120 households, by which time the rural district had been separated from the district in the formation of Vardasht District.
# Premio dei premi

The Premio dei Premi (National Award for Innovation) is an Italian accolade established to recognize and promote excellence in innovation across various sectors, including industry, academia, public administration, and the service sector. Instituted by the president of the Italian Republic, the award aims to foster a culture of innovation within the country.

## History and purpose

Established in 2008, the Premio dei Premi is managed by the Fondazione COTEC, an organization dedicated to advancing technological innovation in Italy. The award seeks to highlight outstanding achievements in innovation, encouraging the development and dissemination of innovative practices and solutions.

### Award categories

The Premio dei Premi encompasses several categories to acknowledge innovation across different domains:
* Industry: Recognizing companies that have developed innovative products, services, or processes contributing to economic growth and competitiveness.
* Academic Research: Honoring universities and research institutions for groundbreaking research and technological advancements.
* Public Administration: Acknowledging public entities that have implemented innovative solutions to improve services and efficiency.
* Services: Celebrating organizations in the service sector that have introduced innovative approaches to enhance customer experience and operational effectiveness.

### Selection process

Candidates for the Premio dei Premi are typically winners of other national innovation awards, serving as a meta-award to honor the best among them. A committee of experts evaluates the candidates based on criteria such as originality, impact, and potential for scalability.

### Ceremony

The award ceremony is traditionally held at the Quirinal Palace in Rome, with the president of the republic presenting the awards to the recipients. This event underscores the importance of innovation in Italy's socio-economic development.

### Impact

The Premio dei Premi plays a significant role in promoting a culture of innovation in Italy. By recognizing and celebrating innovative achievements, the award encourages organizations and individuals to pursue creative solutions, thereby contributing to the nation's progress and competitiveness on a global scale.
# Additional director general of police

The Additional Director General of Police (ADGP) is a senior rank in the Indian Police Service (IPS). It is the second-highest rank in the state police forces of India, below the Director General of Police (DGP) and above the Inspector General of Police (IGP). ADGPs are responsible for overseeing various aspects of police administration, including law and order, investigations, intelligence, training, and modernization.

## Appointments

The appointment of Additional Director General of Police (ADGP) in India is governed by state laws and regulations. The process typically involves promotion from lower ranks within the Indian Police Service (IPS) or, in some cases, deputation from other services.

### Eligibility and Selection

To be eligible for appointment as an ADGP, an officer must typically:
* Be an IPS officer with a minimum of 25 years of service
* Have a proven track record of leadership and administrative skills
* Be empaneled by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) for holding Additional Director General level posts
The selection process often involves:
* Evaluation of the officer's service record
* Assessment of their performance in previous roles
* Consideration of their potential for higher responsibilities

### Appointment Process

The appointment of ADGPs is typically made by the state government. According to Section 5 of the Police Act in some states:
   The State Government may appoint one or more Additional Director Generals, Inspector Generals, Deputy and Assistant Inspector Generals of Police as necessary.
The exact number of ADGP positions can vary by state, depending on the size and needs of the police force. For example, as of January 2024, the Punjab Police had 28 officers at the ADGP rank.

### Roles and Responsibilities

ADGPs are typically assigned to oversee specific aspects of policing or geographical zones within the state. Common responsibilities include:
* Law and order management
* Criminal investigations
* Intelligence gathering
* Training and development of police personnel
* Modernization of police forces
* Administrative functions
The exact duties may vary depending on the specific posting and the needs of the state police force.
# GMW Architects

GMW Architects was an architectural practice based in the United Kingdom. In August 2015, the firm was taken over by another business, Scott Brownrigg, "as part of plans to move into the airport sector."

## History

The practice was established in 1947 by Frank Gollins (1910–1999), James Melvin (1912–2012) and Edmund Ward (1912–1998), and operated as Gollins Melvin Ward. In the 1950s it designed Castrol House, a tower on Marylebone Road in London, notable as one of the first uses of curtain walling on a building in the United Kingdom, and the central campus for the University of Sheffield.
In the 1960s it went on to design two buildings at Undershaft in the City of London: the 28-storey Commercial Union Tower, the first building in the city to exceed the height of St Paul's Cathedral, and the now demolished headquarters of P&O. These buildings both featured an innovative structure by which the office floors are hung by steel rods from cantilevers extending out from the concrete core, rather than being supported from ground level.
The three founders retired in 1974, leaving a well-established practice. Soon afterward, GMW was awarded a commission to design the King Saud University in Saudi Arabia.
In 1983, the firm was appointed to design the new Barclays Bank headquarters building at 54 Lombard Street; eleven years later, the practice was appointed to handle the refurbishment of Tower 42 in London.

### BIM

The company played a role in the early development of building information modelling, employing the developers of RUCAPS, the first 'building modelling' application (used for the King Saud University project), and from 1977 sold through GMW Computers Ltd in several countries worldwide. It was amongst the leading systems of its time, selling many hundreds of copies at a time when computer-aided design was rare and expensive. Jonathan Ingram, sometimes called the 'Father of BIM', worked on enhancing RUCAPS at GMW Computers in the early 1980s. Envisaging a better software, he quit working at GMW, got a bank loan so that he could purchase a workstation, and developed Sonata, released in 1986 and sold to GMW in 1987.
The term 'building model' (in the sense of BIM as used today) was first used in a 1986 paper by Robert Aish – then at GMW Computers – referring to the RUCAPS software's use at London Heathrow Airport's Terminal 3, and it is regarded as a forerunner to today's BIM software.

## Current activities

By the time of its 2015 acquisition by Scott Brownrigg, GMW had become a transport specialist. It undertook work for Network Rail, had completed the passenger terminal at the Prince Mohammad bin Abdulaziz Airport in Medina, and continued to work on the completion of the Istanbul Airport (designed by Grimshaw Architects, Nordic Office of Architecture and Haptic). Following the acquisition, the practice ceased working under its own name.
# The White House, Edinburgh

The White House (sometimes written The Whitehouse) is a former roadhouse on Niddrie Mains Road (at its junction with Craigmillar Castle Loan) in Edinburgh, Scotland, now used as a community café and volunteering centre.

## History

The White House was one of a number of roadhouses developed in Edinburgh in response to the growth of the motor car. It was designed by architect William Innes Thomson of the firm W N Thomson and Co for Jemima Hood Gair. Gair's fifteen year old daughter convinced her to request a Moderne design. The White House opened on 18 October 1936. It is a two-storey irregular-plan International Style and Modern building with Art Deco detailing; its lounge bar bay window has been compared to that of the card room of the RMS Queen Mary. The ground floor of the building featured a public bar, saloon bar, tea room, and skittle alley, while the first floor featured a billiard room and lounge bar.
The White House was popular due to the shortage of public houses in the Craigmillar and Niddrie neighbourhoods of Edinburgh. It later evolved from a roadhouse into a public house owned by Tennent Caledonian Breweries. By the 1970s, it was known for its "happy-go-lucky" clientele. In 1995, The White House was granted category 'B' listed status by Historic Scotland.
The White House fell into decline in the late 20th century, eventually closing in 2000. It was added to the Buildings at Risk Register for Scotland in 2004. In 2005, the building was the subject of a major fire which destroyed its skittle alley.
In 2007, The White House was acquired from receivers by PARC Craigmillar, an arm's length company of the City of Edinburgh Council. After grants were awarded from Historic Scotland and the Scottish Government's Town Centre Regeneration Fund, a c.£1.85 million (equivalent to £3.24 million in 2023) restoration of The White House began in April 2010 and completed in March 2011. The works saw the building envelope restored, improvements made to the roof and windows, and repairs to internal elements such as the cornices and staircase, while art deco elements of the interior were restored. The architect for the renovation was Smith Scott Mullan and the principal contractor was Thomas Johnstone. On 18 September 2013, The White House was formally reopened as a community café, art space, and volunteering centre. It is operated by the Community Alliance Trust - a local charity - under a lease from PARC Craigmillar.
In December 2024, the National Transport Trust inaugurated a "Red Wheel" plaque on the building.
# Boys Town

Boys Town or Boystown may refer to:

## Places

* Boystown, Chicago, a gay village in Chicago, USA
* Boys Town, Nebraska, a suburb of Omaha, USA
* Boy's Town (prostitution), Mexican US-border district with legal prostitution
* Boyztown, a gay red-light district in Pattaya, Thailand
* Boy's Town, Wayanad, India

## Schools

* BoysTown (Beaudesert), a former school in Australia, notorious for child abuse
* Boys' Town (Engadine), a school, New South Wales, Australia
* Boys Town Jerusalem, an orphanage, Israel

## Sports

* Boys' Town F.C., a Jamaican football club.
* Boys' Town Cricket Club, a football club, Kingston, Jamaica

## Media

* Boys Town (film), 1938 American film
* Boystown (film), 2007 Spanish film

## Organizations and commerce

* Boys Town (organization), for at-risk children, in Boys Town, Nebraska
* Boystown (website), a child pornography website
* Manila Boys' Town Complex, an orphanage for boys and girls and eldery home in Marikina, Philippines
# Hispasat AG1

Hispasat Advanced Generation 1 (Hispasat AG1), also designated Hispasat 36W-1, is a Spanish communications satellite which is part of the Hispasat fleet. It was successfully launched to GTO on 28 January 2017.
The satellite will serve Spain, Portugal and the Americas.
# Stand-Up India

Stand-Up India was launched by the Government of India on 5 April 2016 to support entrepreneurship among women and SC & ST communities. Stand Up India Loan Scheme is a government initiative launched by the Government of India in 2016 to promote entrepreneurship and facilitate bank loans to Scheduled Caste (SC) / Scheduled Tribe (ST) and women entrepreneurs in the country. The scheme aims to provide loans between Rs.10 lakhs and Rs.1 crore for setting up a greenfield enterprise in manufacturing, trading or services sector.
It is similar to but distinct from Startup India. Both are enablers and beneficiaries of other Government of India schemes, such as Make in India, Industrial corridor, Dedicated Freight Corridor, Sagarmala, Bharatmala, UDAN-RCS, Digital India, BharatNet and UMANG.

## History

Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the Stand-Up India scheme on 5 April 2016 as part of the government's efforts to support entrepreneurship among women and SC & ST communities.
The scheme offers bank loans of between ₹10 lakh (US$12,000) and ₹1 crore (US$120,000) for scheduled castes and scheduled tribes and women setting up new enterprises outside of the farm sector.
In April 2023, Bhagwat Karad, the Union Minister of State for Finance, Government of India, said that the scheme aligned with the National Mission for Financial Inclusion's objective of providing funding opportunities to marginalized groups. He said that over the previous seven years, more than 180,000 entrepreneurs had benefited from the scheme, and that of loans granted through the initiative, over 80% had been directed towards women entrepreneurs.
# Financial Services Act 1986

The Financial Services Act 1986 (c. 60) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed by the government of Margaret Thatcher to regulate the financial services industry. The Act used a mixture of governmental regulation and self-regulation, and created a Securities and Investments Board (SIB) presiding over various new self-regulating organisations (SROs). It was superseded by the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000.

## Context

The Act may be thought of as an “emasculated Gower”. Professor Laurence Gower had been asked to produce a report on financial regulation, followed by a draft bill. He tended towards a tighter and more top-heavy regime. The Thatcher government became impatient with this process and pushed a second bill through in place of Gower with more emphasis on self-regulation but containing most of the regulatory content of the Gower bill.
This relatively light approach to regulation followed a trend taking place in America under the Reagan administration.

## Derivative products

Section 63 of the Act abolished any oversight of the courts on derivative contracts, which might otherwise have been considered speculative and thus contrary to the Gaming Act 1845. This exemption was not changed in the new Financial Services and Markets Act 2000.

## Repeal

The Act was repealed on 1 December 2001 by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Consequential Amendments and Repeals) Order 2001 and was superseded by the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000. Under this, the SIB and SROs were merged to form the Financial Services Authority (FSA), and self-regulation took a back seat.
# Paula Nascimento

Paula Nascimento is an Angolan architect and curator who along with Stefano Rabolli Pansera curated the Angolan pavilion at the 55th International Art Exhibition - La Biennale di Venezia which won the Golden Lion for "best national participation".

## Career

In 2011, Nascimento and Pansera founded Beyond Entropy Africa, a limited company registered in Angola. Beyond Entropy Africa focuses on Luanda as the paradigm of the urban condition of the African Sub-Saharan region, a type of city that is defined by a lack of basic infrastructures and a high density of population. In 2012, Beyond Entropy Africa curated the Angola Pavilion at the 13th Architecture Biennale in Venice with the title of their partnership ‘Beyond Entropy’. In 2013, Beyond Entropy Africa curated the Angola Pavilion at the 55th Art Biennale in Venice entitled ‘Luanda, Encyclopedic City’ featuring the work of photographer Edson Chagas.

## Other activities

In 2023, Nascimento was a member of the visual arts jury for the annual DAAD Artists-in-Berlin Program.
# Tutow

Tutow is a municipality in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
In 1934, the German air force created its first group of Fighter Squadron 152 in Tutow, and built a command center.
In January 1939, the Donau-Zeitung reported about the Kampffliegerschule (Tutow Air War School [de]).