OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pak Mun Dam

The Pak Mun Dam (Thai: เขื่อนปากมูล, RTGS: Khuean Pak Mun, pronounced) is a barrage dam and run-of-the-river hydroelectric plant 5.5 km west of the confluence of the Mun and Mekong Rivers in Khong Chiam District, Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand. It was constructed by the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) with support from the World Bank at a total cost of US$240 million, and completed in 1994.

## Environmental impact

The project has been criticized for adverse effects on the fisheries of the Mun River, insufficient compensation payments to affected villagers, and failure to produce the projected power output. The immediate impact of the dam was to flood 117 km$^2$ of land and displace families. The original plan estimated the displacement of 262 families. In the end, 912 families were displaced and 780 households lost all or part of their land. In all, around 25,000 villagers claim to have been affected by the dam. Protests have been staged at the dam site and outside Government House in Bangkok and critics have called for the dam to be immediately decommissioned. As of 2000, EGAT had paid out 377.7 million baht in relocation compensation, plus 356.9 million baht for loss of fisheries with unsettled fisheries claims amounting to an additional 200 million baht.$^{:20}$
In response to concerns about the dam's likely impact on fisheries on the Mun River, a fish ladder was incorporated into the scheme to allow fish into the Mun River to spawn. The fish ladder has been "unsuccessful".$^{:189}$ A report from the World Commission on Dams found that of 265 fish species previously found in the Mun River, at least 50 had disappeared and numbers of others had declined significantly. The fish catch decreased by 60–80%. It is uncertain what proportion of this decrease is attributable to the dam, and what proportion to other factors.
In response to protests, the government opened the dam gates temporarily in June 2001. Subsequently, a study by Ubon Ratchathani University recommended keeping the gates open for a further five years, and a study by Living River Siam recommended decommissioning the dam. Instead, the Thai Cabinet decided to close the gates for eight months each year from November 2002.
As part of a two-year study to review the development effectiveness of large dams, the World Commission on Dams (WCD) commissioned the Thailand Development Research Institute (TDRI) to conduct a case study on the Pak Mun Dam. TDRI's report, published in 2000, concluded that "...EGAT over-stated the case of project benefits and did no justice to the method of benefit-cost analysis in exaggerating the value of net gains in power production and in claiming irrigation benefits on invalid grounds."
# Air Niger

Air Niger was an airline based in Niamey, Niger, that operated from 1966 until 1993.

## History

The airline was formed in 1966 by the government of Niger with assistance from Air France and Union des Transports Aériens, taking over services from the defunct Aero Niger. Besides former air taxi and charter operations of Aero Niger, the new airline took over Air France domestic services in Niger and to Upper Volta, Nigeria and Chad. In addition to providing technical assistance to the airline, Air France and UTA held a financial stake in the airline via their holdings in SODETRAF. Air Afrique also held a stake in the airline. The airline which was 94.5% owned by the Niger government ceased operations in 1993.

## Services and fleet

The airline operated services from Niamey to Tahoua, Maradi, Zinder and Agadez. In the late 1960s, its fleet comprised one Douglas DC-3 and one Douglas DC-4. Plans were made to extend its network to Upper Volta, Chad and Nigeria. Throughout the 1970s its fleet comprised two DC-3s, and by the late 1980s it was operating two Hawker Siddeley HS.748s on domestic services and to Lomé in Togo.

## Destinations

| Country | City | Airport |
| Burkina Faso / Upper Volta | Ouagadougou | Ouagadougou Airport |
| Chad | N'Djamena | N'Djamena International Airport |
| Niger | Agadez | Mano Dayak International Airport |
| Niger | Maradi | Maradi Airport |
| Niger | Niamey | Diori Hamani International Airport |
| Niger | Tahoua | Tahoua Airport |
| Niger | Zinder | Zinder Airport |
| Nigeria | Abuja | Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport |
| Nigeria | Lagos | Murtala Muhammed International Airport |
| Togo | Lomé | Lomé–Tokoin Airport |

## Fleet

* Douglas C-47
* Douglas DC-3
* Douglas DC-4
* Douglas DC-6
* Fokker F-27-600 Friendship
* Hawker Siddeley HS 748

## Accidents and incidents

* On 10 June 1977, Douglas C-47 5U-AAJ was written off in a forced landing at Founkouey following an engine failure. The aircraft was on a scheduled passenger flight which had departed from Tahoua Airport. All 21 people on board survived.
# Ik Omhels Je Met 1000 Armen

A Thousand Kisses (Dutch: Ik omhels je met 1000 armen) is a 2006 Dutch drama film directed by Willem van de Sande Bakhuyzen. It was based on the novel of the same name by Ronald Giphart. This was van de Sande Bakhuyzen's final film and was released posthumously.
The film received two Golden Calves, Catherine ten Bruggencate for Best Supporting Actress and Best Sound Design.

## Plot

Giph (Tijn Docter) is a young security guard and writer. He has a girlfriend, Samarinde (Carice van Houten), who is a physician and model. They are on holiday in Spain with their friends. Giph's mother, Lotti (Catherine ten Bruggencate [nl]), has recently died. Giph plans to end the relationship after the holiday. Samarinde turns out to be pregnant, and the question arises whether Samarinde will have an induced abortion. However, she has a miscarriage. Giph loves Samarinde again and they continue the relationship.
A large part of the film consists of flashbacks, about Lotti's multiple sclerosis and euthanasia by lethal injection, and Giph's relationship with Samarinde.

## Cast

* Tijn Docter as Giph
* Carice van Houten as Samarinde
* Catherine ten Bruggencate as Lotti, Giphs mother
* Halina Reijn
* Johnny de Mol
# Gupchup Gupchup

Gupchup Gupchup is a Marathi-language romantic comedy film was released on 22 December 1983. It was directed by V. K. Naik and produced by Kishor Miskin under the banner of Shivshakti Productions. It stars Ashok Saraf, Ranjana Deshmukh, Kuldeep Pawar, Mahesh Kothare, Shubhangi Rawate, Padma Chavan, Shriram Lagoo in main roles.

## Plot

Two sisters, Hema and Shyama, live a restricted life with their wealthy and controlling father, Sir Saheb. He even hires the super-strict Madam Jawalkar as their governess. Shyama defies her father's wishes by falling for Ashok, but Sir Saheb insists on marrying her off to Atul. Tired of their antics, Sir Saheb sends them both to Goa for further studies.
Shyama takes charge of her destiny and elopes with Ashok, getting married. Hema, on the other hand, has a surprising encounter during her journey. She meets her favorite radio singer, Suresh Kumar, without realizing it's him!
Upon reaching Goa, Hema pulls a hilarious stunt. She pretends to be twins - both herself and the runaway Shyama - to fool their aunt. The story gets even more comedic with Professor Dhond, a clumsy character who gets smitten by Hema and ends up being the butt of many jokes.

## Cast

* Ashok Saraf as Professor Dhond
* Ranjana as Hema
* Shubhangi Rawate as Shyama
* Kuldeep Pawar as Suresh Kumar
* Mahesh Kothare as Ashok
* Shriram Lagoo as Sir Saheb
* Padma Chavan as Madam Jawalkar
* Guddi Maruti as Rosa
* Sharad Talwalkar as Mr. Dongre
* Ashalata as Aunty
* Meenakshi Martins as Hema's classmate
* Suresh Bhagwat as Atul
* Arun Sarnaik

## Soundtrack

The music has been directed by Anil-Arun and lyrics were written by Madhusudan Kalelkar, Shantaram Nandgaonkar and Umakant Kanekar.

### Track listing

* "Gupchup Gupchup" (Lyricist(s): Madhusudan Kalelkar) – Suresh Wadkar, Asha Bhosle
* "Pahile Na Mi Tula" – Suresh Wadkar
* "Sang Mi Tujla Kay Deu" – Anuradha Paudwal, Vinay Mandke
* "Ye Na Jawal Ghenar" – Sudesh Bhosle

## Awards
### Maharashtra State Film Awards

* Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Second Film
* Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Director for V. K. Naik
* Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer for Suresh Wadkar

### Filmfare Awards Marathi

* Filmfare Award for Best Film — Marathi
* Filmfare Award for Best Director — Marathi for V. K. Naik
# Claudia Sousa

Cláudia Maria Azenha Margato de Ramalho Sousa (1975 – 2014) was a primatologist. She was the first Portuguese to work in the field with chimpanzees. Sousa discovered that chimpanzees would exchange tokens for food.

## Life

Sousa was born in Coimbra but she was bought up in Figueira da Foz. She earned her first degree and her Masters in Biological Anthropology at the University of Coimbra. Having decided to research primates she wrote to anyone who might help. The most positive reply was from someone who said that they would be in Paris visiting from Japan. She took a 23 hour bus trip to meet him. On 30 January 1999, she left for Japan where she did her doctorate in primatology, under the guidance of Japanese primatologist Tetsurō Matsuzawa, at the Primate Research Institute of the University of Kyoto. Sousa discovered that chimpanzees would exchange tokens for food. The tokens are used in the same way as humans use money and they may be stones that can crack nuts or leaves that can be used to catch water. The early recognition followed observation of captive chimps who were given tokens by researchers for good behaviour which they could use to gain food by placing them in a machine. Sousa noticed that they would keep the tokens for later use.
Sousa carried out field work at the Cantanhez Forests National Park in Guinea-Bissau. She also worked in Guinea-Conakry when she was not at the Nova de Lisboa or the University of Kyoto.
In 2004 she founded, together with Catarina Casanova and others, the Portuguese Primatology Association. Between 2007 and 2011 she was the association's President.
She died in 2014.

## Recognition

She won the 2014 and 2015 Santander Prize for her contribution to the Internationalization of Scientific Production. The award was made posthumously.
Kyoto University's Primate Research group established a fund to pay for a student each year to continue in Sousa's field of study.
# Ephoron album

Ephoron album, the white fly, is a species of pale burrower mayfly in the family Polymitarcyidae. It is found in North America.
# Christoph Kreienbühl

Christoph Kreienbühl (born 14 January 1955) is a Swiss former swimmer. He competed in the men's 1500 metre freestyle at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
# English cricket team in India in 1979–80

The England national cricket team visited India in February 1980 and played a single Test match against the India national cricket team. It was played to celebrate the golden jubilee of the formation of Board of Control for Cricket in India.

## Test series
### Only Test

* 15–19 February 1980 Scorecard
* England won by 10 wickets Wankhede Stadium, Bombay Umpires: Jiban Ghosh (Ind) and SN Hanumantha Rao (Ind)
* India won the toss and elected to bat.
* Graham Stevenson (Eng) made his Test debut.
* 16 February was a rest day.
* Bob Taylor (Eng) equalled the record of taking seven dismissals in a Test innings as the designated wicket-keeper. This was first achieved by Wasim Bari of Pakistan one year prior.
# Mahdjouba

Mahdjouba (Arabic: محجوبة) or mhadjeb is a crepe-like semolina based flatbread originating from Algeria.
A traditional Algerian dish, mhadjeb is a fine crepe-like semolina-based flatbread, typically stuffed with a mixture of onion, garlic, tomato, peppers and spices. It is very popular in all the regions of Algeria, including the southern regions such as Ouargla, Ghardaia, and Tamanrasset. It is one of the essential dishes offered in Algerian street foods. The mahdjouba, which means "covered" or "veiled" in Algerian Darja, originates from southern Algeria: Biskra, Touggourt. It is the vegetable-filled variation of m'semen, a traditional North African flatbread.

## Etymology

Mahdjouba in Algerian derja means veiled or hidden.
# Alois Vansteenkiste

Alois Vansteenkiste (7 May 1928 – 27 September 1991) was a Belgian racing cyclist. He won the Belgian national road race title in 1953. He also rode in the 1951 Tour de France.

## Major results

Source:

### 1949

    2nd Kattekoers

### 1950

    1st Stage 4 Tour of Belgium Independents
    3rd Liège–Charleroi–Liège

### 1951

    5th Gent–Wevelgem
    6th Overall Tour de Luxembourg
       1st Stage 2
    8th Overall Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
       1st Stage 3

### 1952

    1st Stage 1 Tour de Lorraine
    7th Gent–Wevelgem
    8th Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne

### 1953

    1st National Road Championships Road race
    3rd Schelde–Dender–Leie
# NGC 1365

NGC 1365, also known as the Fornax Propeller Galaxy or the Great Barred Spiral Galaxy, is a double-barred spiral galaxy about 56 million light-years away in the constellation Fornax. It was discovered on 2 September 1826 by Scottish astronomer James Dunlop.

## Characteristics

NGC 1365 is a large barred spiral galaxy in the Fornax cluster. Within the larger long bar stretching across the center of the galaxy appears to be a smaller bar that comprises the core, with an apparent size of about 50″ × 40″. This second bar is more prominent in infrared images of the central region of the galaxy, and likely arises from a combination of dynamical instabilities of stellar orbits in the region, along with gravity, density waves, and the overall rotation of the disc. The inner bar structure likely rotates as a whole more rapidly than the larger long bar, creating the diagonal shape seen in images.
The spiral arms extend in a wide curve north and south from the ends of the east–west bar and form an almost ring like Z-shaped halo. Astronomers think NGC 1365's prominent bar plays a crucial role in the galaxy's evolution, drawing gas and dust into a star-forming maelstrom and ultimately feeding material into the central black hole.
NGC 1365, including its two outer spiral arms, spreads over around 300,000 light-years. Different parts of the galaxy take different times to make a full rotation around the core of the galaxy, with the outer parts of the bar completing one circuit in about 350 million years. NGC 1365 and other galaxies of its type have come to more prominence in recent years with new observations indicating that the Milky Way could also be a barred spiral galaxy. Such galaxies are quite common — two thirds of spiral galaxies are barred according to recent estimates, and studying others can help astronomers understand our own galactic home.

## Supernovae

Four supernovae have been observed in NGC 1365:
* SN 1957C (type unknown, mag. 16.5) was discovered by H. S. Gates in October 1957.
* SN 1983V (type Ic, mag. 13.5) was discovered by Robert Evans on November 25 1983, and independently discovered by P. O. Lindblad and P. Grosbol on 27 November 1983.
* SN 2001du (type II, mag. 14) was discovered by Robert Evans on August 24 2001.
* SN 2012fr (type Ia, mag. 14.7) was discovered by Alain Klotz on October 27 2012.

## Supermassive black hole

The central supermassive black hole in the active nucleus, which has a mass of about 2 million solar masses or half the mass of the Milky Way's central black hole Sagittarius A*, rotates at close to the speed of light. These observations, announced in February 2013, were made using the X-ray telescope satellite NuSTAR.
# Radzymin

Radzymin is a town in Poland and is one of the distant suburbs of the city of Warsaw. It is located in the powiat of Wołomin of the Masovian Voivodeship. The town has 8,818 inhabitants (as of 2008, but the surrounding commune is heavily populated and has an additional 11,000 inhabitants).

## History

Radzymin dates back to the Middle Ages. It was mentioned in a document of Duke Bolesław IV of Warsaw from 1440. It was granted a town charter in 1475. Since then, the town shared the fate of the nearby city of Warsaw, located only 25 kilometers (16 mi) away. It was a private town owned by Polish nobility, administratively located in the Warsaw County in the Masovian Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland.
It was annexed by Prussia in the Third Partition of Poland in 1795. In 1807, it was regained by Poles and included within the newly formed, however short-lived Duchy of Warsaw. During the Austro–Polish War of 1809, it was the site of the Battle of Radzymin (1809), which ended in a Polish victory. Following the duchy's dissolution in 1815, the town fell to the Russian Partition of Poland. During the January Uprising, on July 30, 1863, a skirmish between Polish insurgents and Russian soldiers took place there. Russian soldiers surrounded a Polish insurgent unit, but after a short battle the Poles managed to break through the encirclement and escape towards Kałuszyn. Following World War I, in 1918, Poland regained independence and control of the town. During the Polish–Soviet War, in August 1920, it was the site of the Battle of Radzymin (1920), in which Poles defeated the invading Russians.
Following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, the town was occupied by Germany. In August 1944, it was the site of the Battle of Radzymin (1944) between Germany and the advancing Soviet troops.

## Marecka Kolej Dojazdowa

The Marecka Kolej Dojazdowa (English: Marki Commuter Railway) was a narrow gauge railway in Poland connecting Warsaw with Marki and Radzymin active from 1896 to 1974.

## Sports

The local football club is Mazur Radzymin. It competes in the lower leagues.

## Notable residents

* Yaakov Aryeh Guterman (1792-1874), hasidic rebbe
* Jan Baudouin de Courtenay (1845–1929), linguist, best known for his theory of the phoneme and phonetic alternations
* Julian Ochorowicz (1850–1917), philosopher, psychologist, inventor, poet, and publicist
* Isaac Bashevis Singer (1903–1991), writer and Nobel laureate in Literature (born in Leoncin, but lived in Radzymin during his childhood though some sources claim Radzymin as his birthplace).
* Leon Weinstein (1910-2011), Polish resistance fighter
# Tyndale Christian School, Sydney

Tyndale Christian School is an independent, non-denominational Christian, co-educational ,early learning, primary and secondary day school, located in Blacktown, a suburb in Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
The school is named after William Tyndale, a 16th-century religious reformer and scholar who translated the Bible into the Early Modern English and was tried for heresy and treason and then strangled and burnt at the stake. The school has students from 38 different ethnic backgrounds covering 58 different language groups. The school is situated on 5.6 hectares (14 acres) in the south-west corner of Blacktown and is accessible by public bus routes and buses that Tyndale operates around the surrounding areas. As of 2021, the School had around 1,000 students from early learning, through Kindergarten to Year 12.

## History and Governance

Tyndale's story began in 1957 when the Blacktown Reformed Church looked into the feasibility of starting a Parent Controlled Christian School in Blacktown. The Association for Christian Education of Blacktown Ltd (Association). Was formed in 1958. In February 1966 the Kildare Rd site was officially opened with 3 classrooms, 2 teachers and 32 students. At the time this site was educating students from Kindergarten to Year 6. In 1976 Tyndale expanded to offering high school education. It then developed and moved to the current Douglas Road site in 1979. In 1981 the first cohort of Year 12 students completed the NSW Higher School Certificate (NSW HSC). The early learning centre commenced with a preschool class in Term 2, 2008. The 2021 Year 12 cohort was the first to contain students who completed the whole of preschool to Year 12 at Tyndale.
Tyndale continues to operate as an independent school. Membership of the governing body (the Association) is open to any Christian committed to providing Christ-centred education who subscribes to the school's Educational Creed. The Association elects directors who are responsible for Tyndale's overall vision, direction, governance, and policies.

## Structure

The school is split into three educational areas: early learning centre (pre-school and prep), primary school, and secondary school.

### Early Learning Centre

There are three preschool classes catering for children from three years of age and one prep class operating 5 days per week.

### Primary

The Primary school consists of Kindergarten to Year 6 (K-6). There are four Kindergarten classes and three in each subsequent year group. Each class has children of similar age with the one class teacher.

### Secondary

The Secondary school consists of Year 7 to Year 12, which is then split into 2 areas: High (Year 7 and 8) and Senior (Year 9 to 12) working towards award of the NSW HSC.

## Notable alumni

* Graham Joseph Hill – theologian
# Agnes Hiorth

Agnes Hiorth (5 May 1899 – 30 November 1984) was a Norwegian painter. Her art was characterized by impressionistic broad brush and harmoniously palette of landscapes, as well as a wide range of cultivated and accurate portraits.

## Biography

Agnes Hiorth was born in Kristiania (now Oslo). She was the daughter of Adam Severin Hiorth (1864–1949) and Alice Mitchell Homan (1863–1953). She began her artistic training as a student of the painter Harald Brun. She debuted at the National Autumn Exhibition in 1922. She also studied with the painters Pola Gauguin (1918–1920), Axel Revold (1925–1926), and Georg Jacobsen (1935–1936). She painted numerous portraits, and among her best-known works are portraits of royal family members. Her portrait of King Haakon VII is in Oslo City Hall, and of King Olav V in Oslo Militære Samfund. The National Gallery of Norway owns eight of her works, including a self-portrait, portraits, and landscapes. She is also represented at the Bergen Art Museum and the Lillehammer Art Museum.
# Sobarocephala interrupta

Sobarocephala interrupta is a species of fly in the family Clusiidae.
# Christoph Brüllmann

Christoph Brüllmann (born 14 January 1958) is a Swiss sailor. He competed in the Tornado event at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# Guglielmi Castle

The Guglielmi Castle, or Isabella Castle, is located in the southern part of the Isola Maggiore, one of the three islands in Trasimeno Lake in the province of Perugia, Umbria, Italy.

## History

It was built as a summer residence, in 1887, by Senator Giacinto Guglielmi, Marquis of Vulci and Civitavecchia, in agreement with his wife Isabella, which was dedicated to the dwelling. In 1894 the Guglielmi organized a lavish inauguration: the building remained their property until 1975 and passed into new ownership in 1990. In 2010 the company which had purchased the complex and started the restoration declared bankruptcy. In 2014 the castle was offered at auction last time but this was not quorate. The asking price was 7.6 million.