OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mark Nye (politician)

Walter Marcus William Nye (August 3, 1945 – July 16, 2022) was an American attorney and politician who served as a Democratic member of the Idaho Senate from the 29th District. Nye previously represented the same district in the Idaho House of Representatives from 2014 to 2016.

## Early life, education, and career

Born in New York City in 1945, Nye was raised in Pocatello, Idaho, descending from early pioneers of the Idaho Territory. He graduated from Pocatello High School in 1963 and earned a Bachelor of Arts from Harvard College in 1967. He then returned to Idaho and earned a Juris Doctor from the University of Idaho College of Law in 1974.

## Career

Nye began practicing law in Pocatello in 1974. He was the past president of the Idaho State Bar and served on the American Bar Association Board of Governors.

### Idaho House of Representatives

In 2014, incumbent Idaho Representative Carolyn Meline announced she would not seek reelection. Nye subsequently announced his candidacy for the Idaho House of Representatives. He was unopposed in the Democratic primary and defeated Republican Matthew Bloxham and Libertarian Matthew Larsen, both of Pocatello, in the general election.

#### Committee assignments

From 2014 to 2016, he served on the Judiciary, Rules and Administration Committee, Local Government Committee, and Revenue and Taxation Committee.

### Idaho Senate

In 2016, incumbent Idaho Senator Roy Lacey announced he would not seek reelection. Nye subsequently announced his candidacy for Idaho Senate. Nye was unopposed in the Democratic primary and defeated Republican Tom Katsilometes and Libertarian Sierra "Idaho Lorax" Carta in the general election.
Idaho law allows any voter to challenge the election of a legislator, and the respective legislative body has full discretion to judge the election and qualifications of members in deciding whether to seat them. Nye's Republican opponent Katsilometes challenged Nye's election on the grounds that Nye had allegedly violated campaign finance laws and vote counting irregularities. The Idaho Senate dismissed the challenge unanimously and seated Nye. It was the first time an election had been challenged since 1981.

#### Committee assignments

* Finance Committee
* Joint Finance-Appropriations Committee
* Judiciary and Rules Committee
* Local Government and Taxation

## Elections

District 29 House Seat A - Part of Bannock County :
| Year | Candidate | Votes | Pct | Candidate | Votes | Pct | Candidate | Votes | Pct |
| 2014 Primary | Mark Nye | 2,268 | 100% | | | | | | |
| 2014 General | Mark Nye | 5,936 | 53.1% | Matthew Bloxham | 4,597 | 41.1% | Matthew Larsen | 643 | 5.8% |
District 29 Senate - Part of Bannock County :
| Year | Candidate | Votes | Pct | Candidate | Votes | Pct | Candidate | Votes | Pct |
| 2016 Primary | Mark Nye | 951 | 100.0% | | | | | | |
| 2016 General | Mark Nye | 8,018 | 48.1% | Tom Katsilometes | 7,482 | 44.9% | Sierra "Idaho Lorax" Carta | 1,159 | 7.0% |

## Personal life

Nye died on July 16, 2022, at the age of 76.
# Ay!

"Ay!" (stylized in all lowercase) is a song by American rappers Machine Gun Kelly and Lil Wayne. It was released on March 4, 2022 as the third single from the former's sixth studio album Mainstream Sellout (2022). The song was produced by Travis Barker, BazeXX, and SlimXX.

## Background

In February 2022, Machine Gun Kelly performed a snippet of the song at The Late Late Show with James Corden, in a medley of "Ay!", then-unreleased track "Maybe" and "Emo Girl". The song has been considered to a return to the hip hop genre for Machine Gun Kelly, although it comes from an album that is still largely to the pop punk genre.

## Composition

"Ay!" is an emo rap song that blends elements of pop punk and trap, featuring "brooding but dreamy guitar loop with crisp hip-hop production". Machine Gun Kelly sings about sadness affecting his life, including "his preference for sad playlists, skipping meetings, and sleeping until 7 p.m."; he mentions cutting his hair and compares it to Britney Spears shaving her hair off in 2007 during her breakdown. Lil Wayne's verse has a reference to Guns N' Roses.

## Reception

AllMusic said "the watery emo-trap track "Ay!" doesn't commit fully enough to any of its stylistic directions, giving Lil Wayne little to work with as he turns in a distracted, Auto-Tune-doused verse." In a review of Mainstream Sellout, BrooklynVegan called the song, along with "Drug Dealer", "among its most forgettable" tracks.

## Music video

The music video was released alongside the single. It was filmed in Machine Gun Kelly's home from an iPhone, on the night before it was released. It finds Kelly and four friends in a dressing room changing into different flashy outfits. Lil Wayne does not physically appear, but a paper cutout of a drawn Wayne performs in the video.

## Charts
### Weekly charts

Weekly chart performance for "Ay!" :
| Chart (2022) | Peak position |
| Canada (Canadian Hot 100) | 57 |
| Global 200 (Billboard) | 92 |
| Czech Republic (Singles Digitál Top 100) | 86 |
| Ireland (IRMA) | 92 |
| New Zealand Hot Singles (RMNZ) | 7 |
| Slovakia (Singles Digitál Top 100) | 88 |
| South Africa (TOSAC) | 93 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 80 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 82 |
| US Hot Rock & Alternative Songs (Billboard) | 8 |

### Year-end charts

Year-end chart performance for "Ay!" :
| Chart (2022) | Position |
| US Hot Rock & Alternative Songs (Billboard) | 40 |

## Certifications

Certifications for "Ay!" :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Gold | 40,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Balraj Komal

Balraj Komal (1928–2013) was an Indian poet and writer of Urdu literature. The Government of India honored Komal in 2011, with the fourth highest civilian award of Padma Shri.

## Biography

Balraj Komal, born in 1928, was a freelance writer after his retirement from the Delhi Administration as an Education Officer. He was a former member of Delhi Urdu Akademi and the advisory board of Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi. He is credited with several publications composed of poems, short stories, and critical studies and Meri Nazmen, Parindon Bhara Aasman, Rishta-e-Dil, Agala Waraq, Ankhen Aur Paon, and Adab ki Talas are some hid known works.
A recipient of the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1985, Balraj Komal also won Uttar Pradesh Urdu Academy Award twice(1971 and 1982) and has also received a Senior Fellowship from the Government of India. In 2011, the Government of India honored Komal again by including him in the Republic Day honours list for Padma Award.
Balraj Komal died in 2013 at the age of 85.
# Poredy

Poredy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zbójna, within Łomża County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north of Zbójna, 25 km (16 mi) north-west of Łomża, and 93 km (58 mi) west of the regional capital Białystok.
# Sharkey, Mississippi

Sharkey is an unincorporated community located in Tallahatchie County, Mississippi, United States. Sharkey is approximately 5.2 miles (8.4 km) west of Tippo and 4.6 miles (7.4 km) southwest of Swan Lake along Sharkey Road on the Tallahatchie River.
# 2019 Kuwait Super Cup

the 2019 Kuwait Super Cup was between league and Emir Cup champions Kuwait SC and Crown Prince Cup winners Qadsia SC.
# Spiraea douglasii

Spiraea douglasii is a species of flowering plant in the rose family native to northwestern North America. Common names include hardhack, hardhack steeplebush, Douglas' spirea, douglasspirea, steeplebush, and rose spirea.

## Description

Spiraea douglasii is a woolly shrub growing 0.91–1.83 metres (3–6 feet) tall from rhizomes, forming dense riverside thickets.
The leaves are 2.5–10.2 centimetres (1–4 inches) long and toothed towards the tips. They are alternately arranged, and the undersides are whitish with prominent veins.
Large clusters of small, deep pink flowers form spires in early summer, later turning dark and persisting. The seeds are 2 millimetres (1⁄16 in) long and are dispersed by animals and strong winds.
* Part of a field in Bend, Oregon
* Canadian flower
* Californian close-up
* Late summer

## Distribution and habitat

The plant is native to northwestern North America from Alaska across southwestern Canada and the Pacific Northwest. It has spread to many other places as an invasive species. It was introduced to Europe in 1803, and is especially invasive in Denmark and Latvia. It is also found in France, Ireland, Slovenia, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Germany and Poland.
It occurs most often in riparian habitat types, such as swamps, streambanks, bogs and mudflats. It grows best on moist or semiwet soils with good drainage. It tolerates a variety of soil types as well as gravelly substrates.
Spirea is shade-intolerant, and therefore grows primarily in open marshes among sedges, horsetails, wild blueberries, and other swamp flora, as well as in seral communities.

## Ecology

Spirea foliage is browsed by black-tailed deer but is not well liked by livestock, who only eat them occasionally. The flowers provide nectar for hummingbirds, and small birds eat the seeds which persist into the winter when food is less plentiful.
Spirea provides nesting habitat for birds such as marsh wrens, and is a component of grizzly bear habitat.
It is moderately fire-resistant, as many of the marshes across its native range would historically dry up by midsummer and be susceptible to fire. If the above-ground portion of the plant is killed, it can sprout from the stem base or rhizomes after a wildfire.
It may hybridize with white spirea (S. betulifolia) to form pyramid spirea (S. x pyramidata Greene).
As an invasive species, the species decreases biodiversity, colonizing wetlands with dense monocultural thickets to the detriment of other plants.

## Uses

Indigenous peoples used the plant for making brooms and hanging seafood to cook.
The plant is used as an ornamental in landscaping, where it grows best in sunny, moist places. Spirea is recommended for riparian revegetation projects in the Pacific Northwest, as it is hardy and grows quickly.
# Bill Denton

William Thomas Denton (February 1, 1911 – March 8, 1946) was an American artistic gymnast. He was a member of the United States men's national artistic gymnastics team and competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics.
He was born in Collinsville, Texas and died in Washington, D.C.
In 1932 he won the silver medal in the rings competition.
# PWS-16

The PWS-16 was a biplane trainer designed and developed by Podlaska Wytwórnia Samolotów (PWS). An armed variant also entered production as the PWS-26.

## Development

Developed from the PWS-12 and PWS-14 trainers, the PWS-16 two-seat biplane design introduced a number of improvements particularly improved ailerons. A variant designated PWS-16bis had a revised fuel system to allow inverted flight. It had also improved aerodynamics and its silhouette changed. The aircraft entered service with the Polish Air Force training units between 1933 and 1934. An improved armed version was developed as the PWS-26 and when the PWS-26 entered service in 1937, the PWS-16 was relegated to secondary duties.

## Variants
### PWS-16

    20 built.

### PWS-16bis

    20 built.

### PWS-26

    Armed trainer variant.

## Operators
### Poland

* Polish Air Force
* Aviación Nacional (20 bought through SEPEWE in 1937)

## Specifications (PWS-16)

General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Capacity: 1 (Trainee)
* Length: 7.03 m (23 ft 0.75 in)
* Wingspan: 9.0 m (29 ft 6.25 in)
* Height: 2.75 m (9 ft 0.25 in)
* Wing area: 24 m$^2$ (258.34 sq ft)
* Powerplant: 1 × Wright J-5 Whirlwind radial engine , 164 kW (220 hp)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 215 km/h (134 mph, 116 kn)
# Padiyapelella

Padiyapelella is a town in Sri Lanka. It is located 45 km (28 mi) away from Kandy and situated within Central Province.
# P. Coomaraswamy

Ponnambalam Coomaraswamy (7 December 1849 – 7 June 1906) was a Ceylon Tamil lawyer and member of the Legislative Council of Ceylon.

## Early life and family

Coomaraswamy was born on 7 December 1849. He was the son of Gate Mudaliyar A. Ponnambalam. He was the brother of P. Ramanathan and P. Arunchalam.
Coomaraswamy was educated at Colombo Academy, Colombo and Presidency College, Madras.

## Career

Coomaraswamy joined the legal profession after finishing his education.
Coomaraswamy was a member of Colombo Municipal Council from January 1873 to October 1879 and from November 1885 to December 1889. He was appointed to the Legislative Council of Ceylon in 1893 as the unofficial member representing Tamils, replacing his brother Ramanathan.
Coomaraswamy was a Tamil scholar and a publisher of Tamil literature. He was president of Jaffna Saiva Paripalana Sabai and helped establish Jaffna Hindu College. He also established a Hindu temple on Slave Island.
Coomaraswamy died on 7 June 1906 in Colombo.
P. COOMARA SWAMY had the honor of welcoming Swami Vivekananda and delivering the welcome address on 15 January 1897, after the latter's return from the West. This lecture can be seen in Swami Vivekananda's Lectures from Colombo to Almora.
# Semium hirtum

Semium hirtum is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It is found in Central America and North America.
# Lasiopogon quadrivittatus

Lasiopogon quadrivittatus is a species of robber flies in the family Asilidae.
# William Sewell (poet)

William Seymour (Bill) Sewell (1 December 1951 – 29 January 2003) was a New Zealand poet. He was a Burns Fellow at Otago University, Dunedin in 1981–82. He was a frequent reviewer of books, particularly for the periodical New Zealand Books, to which he was appointed co-editor in 1997. He was also a book editor. He died of cancer in Wellington.
He published three collections of poems: Solo Flight (1982), Wheels within Wheels (1983) and Making the Far Land Glow (1986) and also A Guide to the Rimutaka Forest Park (1989). His poems have a link to modern German poetry and a political focus e.g. The Ballad of Fifty-one, about the 1951 waterfront dispute and Erebus: A Poem, about the 1979 Erebus disaster.
He was born in Athens in 1951 where his parents Rosemary Seymour and William Arthur Sewell were living at the time. His father was a former professor of English at the University of Auckland and later both his parents taught at the University of Waikato.
He lived in Southern Europe and then England where he attended school. He studied German at the University of Auckland and lectured in German at the University of Otago. He completed a PhD on the poetry of Hans Magnus Enzensberger at the University of Otago in 1978. He had a law degree from the Victoria University of Wellington and was a legal researcher for the Law Commission.

## Works

* Solo Flight (1982)
* Wheels within Wheels (1983)
* Making the Far Land Glow (1986)
* A Guide to the Rimutaka Forest Park (1989)
* Erebus: A Poem (1999)
* The Ballad of Fifty-One (2003)
# Bittacus chlorostigma

Bittacus chlorostigma is a species of hangingfly in the family Bittacidae. It is found in North America.
# Miriam Isabel Davis

Miriam Isabel Davis (1856 – 20 February 1927) was an English painter, best known for her portrait, floral and genre scene paintings.

## Biography

Davis was born in London to Jewish parents Eliza and James Phineas Davis. Her mother was a correspondent of Charles Dickens, whose former home at Tavistock House the Davis family inhabited.
After making a tour of the galleries of Venice, Florence, and Rome, Davis began a systematic course of artistic study at London's Bloomsbury School of Art. Her artistic career began in 1882 when her work was exhibited by the Society of Lady Artists. In 1887 a painting by her entitled New Music was hung at the Royal Academy, and in 1889 she contributed to the Paris Salon. Among her other works are Winter Harmonies (1887), A Shady Seat (1888), The Last of the Season (1889), White and Gold (1890, exhibited at the New Gallery), Pure Emblems of Pleasure (1891, exhibited at the Royal Academy), and Simplicité (1892, shown at the Paris Salon). From 1895 Davis was engaged in portrait painting, but remained well known for her flower subjects. She exhibited often at the Society of Women Painters, of which she was one of the founders.
In 1904 she married Cornish Jewish opera singer Henry Morris Imano (né Hyman), who toured with the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company.
# Dicrodiplosis californica

Dicrodiplosis californica, the mealybug-destroying predaceous gall midge, is a species of gall midges in the family Cecidomyiidae.
# John Patrick Gorman

John Patrick Gorman (August 8, 1876 – July 3, 1963) was a Canadian politician. He represented the electoral district of Antigonish in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1942 to 1949. He was a member of the Nova Scotia Liberal Party.
Born in 1876 at East Tracadie, Antigonish County, Nova Scotia, Gorman was a commercial traveler. He was educated at La Salle Academy, Halifax. Gorman married Margaret MacKinnon in 1907.
Gorman entered provincial politics in 1942, winning a byelection in the Antigonish riding following the death of John A. MacIsaac. Gorman was re-elected in the 1945 election. He did not reoffer in the 1949 election. Gorman died at Antigonish on July 3, 1963.
# Peter Alfred Gorer

Peter Alfred Gorer FRS (14 April 1907 in London – 1961) was a British immunologist, pathologist and geneticist who pioneered the field of transplant immunology.
Peter Gorer was born in London to Edgar (drowned in the 1915 sinking of RMS Lusitania) and Rachel née Cohen Gorer. He died of lung cancer in 1961.

## Education and work institutions

He was educated at Charterhouse. He graduated from Guy's Hospital, London in 1929 and then studied genetics under J.B.S. Haldane at University College, London. From 1933 to 1940 Gorer worked at the Lister Institute before returning to Guy's Hospital to work as a pathologist.

## Research

Gorer is credited with the co-discovery of histocompatibility antigens and the elucidation of their genetic regulation. Together with George Snell, he helped discover the murine histocompatibility 2 locus, or H-2, which is analogous to the human leukocyte antigen. Gorer also identified antigen II and determined its role in transplant tissue rejection.

## Awards

* Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1960.
* 1975 Cancer Research Institute William B. Coley Award
# Michel Hugo

Michel Hugo (January 13, 1930 in Paris, France – October 12, 2010 in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States) was a French-American cinematographer and academic. His film and television credits included Dynasty, Melrose Place and Mission: Impossible. In 2001, Hugo became a professor at the film department of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.

## Biography

Hugo was born in Paris on 13 January 1930. He joined the French Resistance during the German occupation of France during World War II. In the 1950s, Hugo served in the French Army and began working in the Army's camera department. He moved to California during the 1960s.
Hugo began working on his first major television project, Mission: Impossible, in 1967. His film cinematography credits from the era include the 1969 Charlton Heston film Number One, the 1969 film The April Fools which starred Jack Lemmon, and Bless the Beasts and Children in 1971.
He worked on nineteen television episodes of The Streets of San Francisco during the 1970s. He was the cinematographer for Dynasty: The Reunion in 1991 and the Fox television series Melrose Place from 1992 until 1996.
Michel Hugo died of lung cancer in Las Vegas, Nevada, on October 12, 2010, at the age of 80. Hugo was survived by his wife, Gloria, two sons and a daughter.

## Selected filmography

* L'étrange amazone (1953)
* Head (1968)
* Number One (1969)
* The April Fools (1969)
* Model Shop (1969)
* Fools (1970)
* Cover Me Babe (1970)
* R. P. M. (1970)
* The Phynx (1970)
* Bless the Beasts and Children (1971)
* Earth II (1971, TV movie)
* Trouble Man (1972)
* They Only Kill Their Masters (1972)
* One Is a Lonely Number (1972)
* The Night Stalker (1972, TV movie)
* The Spook Who Sat by the Door (1973)
* Mrs. Sundance (1974, TV movie)
* The Morning After (1974, TV movie)
* Murph the Surf (1975)
* Bug (1975)
* Ode to Billy Joe (1976)
* The Manitou (1978)
* The Cracker Factory (1979, TV movie)
* The Octagon (1980)
* The Mountain Men (1980)
* Gorp (1980)
* Pandemonium (1982)
* Will There Really Be a Morning? (1983, TV movie)
* Parent Trap: Hawaiian Honeymoon (1989, TV movie)
# Metahomaloptera

Metahomaloptera is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Balitoridae, the loaches in this family are commonly known as hillstream loaches although this name also refers to the loaches in the family Gastromyzontidae. These loaches are endemic to China.

## Species

There are currently two recognized species in this genus:
* Metahomaloptera longicauda Jian Yang, X. Y. Chen & J. X. Yang, 2007
* Metahomaloptera omeiensis H. W. Chang, 1944
# Jostein Wilmann

Jostein Wilmann (born 15 July 1953) is a Norwegian former professional road racing cyclist. His best performance came in the Tour de France of 1980, where he finished 14th overall. This is still the best result any Norwegian cyclist has achieved in the Tour de France general classification. He is also the only Norwegian cyclist to win the Tour de Romandie and the Setmana Catalana de Ciclisme, taking both victories in 1982. He is the father of racing cyclist Frederik Wilmann.

## Major results
### 1975

    1st Stage 5a GP Tell
    2nd Overall Rheinland-Pfalz-Rundfahrt

### 1976

    3rd Overall Okolo Slovenska

### 1977

    7th Overall GP Tell

### 1978

    1st Overall Tour of Austria
       1st Stage 4

### 1979

    1st Overall Rheinland-Pfalz-Rundfahrt
    3rd Team time trial, UCI Road World Championships
    3rd Overall Tour de l'Avenir

### 1980

    1st GP Union Dortmund
    4th Overall Deutschland Tour

### 1981

    3rd Druivenkoers-Overijse
    5th Overall Tour of Belgium
    10th Overall Deutschland Tour
    10th Tour du Nord-Ouest

### 1982

    1st Overall Tour de Romandie
       1st Stage 2
    1st Overall Setmana Catalana de Ciclisme
    1st Stage 5a Deutschland Tour
    2nd La Flèche Wallonne
    2nd Rund um den Henninger Turm
    5th Overall Tour de Suisse
    6th Overall Super Prestige Pernod
    6th Züri-Metzgete
    9th Amstel Gold Race

### 1983

    2nd Grand Prix Cerami
    6th Overall Driedaagse van De Panne-Koksijde
    7th Overall Tour de Suisse

### Grand Tour general classification results timeline

| Grand Tour | 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 |
| Giro d'Italia | — | — | — | 13 |
| Tour de France | 14 | 34 | DNF | — |
| Vuelta a España | — | — | — | — |

### Major stage race general classification results timeline

Major stage race general classification results timeline :
| Race | 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 |
| Tour de Suisse | 21 | 22 | 5 | 7 |
| Tour de Romandie | 13 | — | 1 | — |

### Monuments and Classics results timeline

Monuments results timeline :
| | 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 |
| Milan–San Remo | 40 | — | — | 40 |
| Tour of Flanders | — | — | 35 | — |
| Paris–Roubaix | 23 | — | — | — |
| Liège–Bastogne–Liège | 21 | — | — | 29 |
| Giro di Lombardia | — | — | — | — |
| Classics results timeline ||||||||||||
| | 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 |
| Amstel Gold Race | — | 43 | 9 | 27 |
| La Flèche Wallonne | — | 66 | 2 | 32 |
| Gent–Wevelgem | 47 | — | — | — |
| Paris–Tours | — | 94 | — | — |
Legend :
| — | Did not compete |
| DNF | Did not finish |