OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2020 in tennis

This page will cover all the important events in the sport of tennis in 2020. Primarily, it will provide the results of notable tournaments throughout the year on both the ATP and WTA Tours, the Davis Cup, and the Fed Cup.

## ITF
### Grand Slam events

| Category | Championship | Champions | Finalists | Score in the final |
| Men's singles | Australian Open | Novak Djokovic | Dominic Thiem | 6–4, 4–6, 2–6, 6–3, 6–4 |
| Men's singles | Wimbledon | Cancelled | Cancelled | Cancelled |
| Men's singles | US Open | Dominic Thiem | Alexander Zverev | 2–6, 4–6, 6–4, 6–3, 7–6$^{(8–6)}$ |
| Men's singles | French Open | Rafael Nadal | Novak Djokovic | 6–0, 6–2, 7–5 |
| Category | Championship | Champions | Finalists | Score in the final |
| Women's singles | Australian Open | Sofia Kenin | Garbiñe Muguruza | 4–6, 6–2, 6–2 |
| Women's singles | Wimbledon | Cancelled | Cancelled | Cancelled |
| Women's singles | US Open | Naomi Osaka | Victoria Azarenka | 1–6, 6–3, 6–3 |
| Women's singles | French Open | Iga Świątek | Sofia Kenin | 6–4, 6–1 |
| Category | Championship | Champions | Finalists | Score in the final |
| Men's Doubles | Australian Open | Rajeev Ram Joe Salisbury | Max Purcell Luke Saville | 6–4, 6–2 |
| Men's Doubles | Wimbledon | Cancelled | Cancelled | Cancelled |
| Men's Doubles | US Open | Mate Pavić Bruno Soares | Nikola Mektić Wesley Koolhof | 7–5, 6–3 |
| Men's Doubles | French Open | Kevin Krawietz Andreas Mies | Mate Pavić Bruno Soares | 6–3, 7–5 |
| Category | Championship | Champions | Finalists | Score in the final |
| Women's Doubles | Australian Open | Tímea Babos Kristina Mladenovic | Hsieh Su-wei Barbora Strýcová | 6–2, 6–1 |
| Women's Doubles | Wimbledon | Cancelled | Cancelled | Cancelled |
| Women's Doubles | US Open | Laura Siegemund Vera Zvonareva | Xu Yifan Nicole Melichar | 6–4, 6–4 |
| Women's Doubles | French Open | Tímea Babos Kristina Mladenovic | Alexa Guarachi Desirae Krawczyk | 6–4, 7–5 |
| Category | Championship | Champions | Finalists | Score in the final |
| Mixed Doubles | Australian Open | Barbora Krejčíková Nikola Mektić | Bethanie Mattek-Sands Jamie Murray | 5–7, 6–4, [10–1] |
| Mixed Doubles | Wimbledon | Cancelled | Cancelled | Cancelled |
| Mixed Doubles | US Open | Not played | Not played | Not played |
| Mixed Doubles | French Open | Not played | Not played | Not played |

### Davis Cup

Final tournament postponed to November 2021.

### Fed Cup

Final tournament postponed to November 2021.
# L'Île-Cadieux

L'Île-Cadieux (French pronunciation:) is a village and municipality in the Montérégie region of Quebec, Canada, part of the Vaudreuil-Soulanges Regional County Municipality. It is located on and contiguous with Cadieux Island, which projects into Lake of Two Mountains just north off Vaudreuil-sur-le-Lac. The population as of the Canada 2011 Census was 105.

## History

The island was formerly known as Vaudreuil Island but was named "Île à Cadieu" in an unpublished document of the second half of the nineteenth century. This name could be a reference to one of two Cadieux, Pierre and Hyacinthe, who owned land in the first concession along the Cove of Vaudreuil at that time.
In 1922, the municipality was formed by separating from the Parish Municipality of Saint-Michel-de-Vaudreuil.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, L'Île-Cadieux had a population of 120 living in 55 of its 64 total private dwellings, a change of -4.8% from its 2016 population of 126. With a land area of 0.59 km$^2$ (0.23 sq mi), it had a population density of 203.4/km$^2$ (526.8/sq mi) in 2021.
Canada Census Mother Tongue - L'Île-Cadieux, Quebec :
| Census | Total | French | French | French | English | English | English | French & English | French & English | French & English | Other | Other | Other |
| Year | Responses | Count | Trend | Pop % | Count | Trend | Pop % | Count | Trend | Pop % | Count | Trend | Pop % |
| 2016 | 125 | 75 | 8.3% | 60.0% | 30 | 20.0% | 24.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 20 | 0.0% | 16.0% |
| 2011 | 105 | 60 | 20.0% | 57.1% | 25 | 44.4% | 23.8% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 20 | 33.3% | 19.1% |
| 2006 | 125 | 50 | 47.4% | 40.0% | 45 | 200.0% | 36.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 30 | 100.0% | 24.0% |
| 2001 | 125 | 95 | 46.2% | 76.0% | 15 | 25.0% | 12.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 15 | 57.1% | 12.0% |
| 1996 | 120 | 65 | n/a | 54.2% | 20 | n/a | 16.7% | 0 | n/a | 0.0% | 35 | n/a | 29.2% |

## Local government

List of former mayors:
* William G. Bailey (1922-1929)
* William Robert Eakin (1929-1932)
* Nelson Webster Howard (1932-1938)
* James Fergus (1938-1953, 1955-1967)
* Douglas Bremner (1953-1955)
* A. M. Leslie (1967-1977)
* J. G. Weiss (1977-1981)
* Michel Derenne (1981-1989)
* Peter Jackson (1989-1993, 1994-2002)
* Réal Rainville (1993-1994)
* Pierre Montesano (2002-2005)
* Marc-André Léger (2005-2013)
* Paul Herbach (2013-2017)
* Daniel Martel (2017–present)

## Education

Commission Scolaire des Trois-Lacs operates Francophone schools. It is zoned to École Saint-Michel and École Sainte-Madeleine in Vaudreuil-Dorion.
Lester B. Pearson School Board operates Anglophone schools. It is zoned to Mount Pleasant Elementary School in Hudson.
# Kōzu-gū

Kōzu-gū is a Shinto Shrine in Ōsaka, Japan. It honors Emperor Nintoku. He was the 16th emperor. He reigned from 313 to 399. Emperor Nintoku named the area Kōzu-gū. This area is now known as Ōsaka.
One day, Emperor Nintoku looked at the city and he didn't see much smoke from cooking in the city. This meant the people were poor. He removed all taxes to help them. This made him very popular.
In 866, Emperor Seiwa became interested in this place. He was the 56th emperor. He reigned from 858 to 876. He ordered a search for the old capital's ruins. A shrine was built on the site. This became the Kōzu-gū shrine.
During Emperor Ōgimachi's reign, changes happened. He reigned from 1577 to 1586. Toyotomi Hideyoshi was building Ōsaka Castle then. The shrine was in the castle area. In 1583, the shrine's shintai was moved. It went to Himekoso Jinja. This is Kōzu-gū's current location.
In 1872, Kōzu-gū became a Prefectural Shrine. In 1921, the Osaka City Anthem [ja] was made. It mentions Emperor Nintoku. It talks about the city's prosperity.
The shrine was almost destroyed in 1945. This was during US air raids. It was rebuilt by 1961.
Kōzu-gū is important for rakugo. Rakugo is a Japanese art form. Many rakugo shows have been held here. Katsura Bunshi VI, a famous artist, performed here in 2015.
The shrine has several deities. The main deity is Emperor Nintoku. There are subordinate shrines. These include Himekoso Jinja, Takakura Inari, and Yaui Inari Jinja. Tani Massha has more shrines. These are Shiragiku Jinja, Shinnen Jinja, and Jōkō Jinja.
It holds a cherry blossom festival on April 7.
# Carnosine

Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) is a dipeptide molecule, made up of the amino acids beta-alanine and histidine. It is highly concentrated in muscle and brain tissues. Carnosine was discovered by Russian chemist Vladimir Gulevich.
Carnosine is naturally produced by the body in the liver from beta-alanine and histidine. Like carnitine, carnosine is composed of the root word carn, meaning "flesh", alluding to its prevalence in meat. There are no plant-based sources of carnosine. Carnosine is readily available as a synthetic nutritional supplement.

## Biosynthesis

Carnosine is synthesized within the body from beta-alanine and histidine. Beta-alanine is a product of pyrimidine catabolism and histidine is an essential amino acid. Since beta-alanine is the limiting substrate, supplementing just beta-alanine effectively increases the intramuscular concentration of carnosine.

## Physiological effects
### pH buffer

Carnosine has a pK$_a$ value of 6.83, making it a good buffer for the pH range of animal muscles. Since beta-alanine is not incorporated into proteins, carnosine can be stored at relatively high concentrations (millimolar). Occurring at 17–25 mmol/kg (dry muscle), carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is an important intramuscular buffer, constituting 10-20% of the total buffering capacity in type I and II muscle fibres.

### Anti-oxidant

Carnosine has been shown to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as alpha-beta unsaturated aldehydes formed from peroxidation of cell membrane fatty acids during oxidative stress. It also buffers pH in muscle cells, and acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain. It is also a zwitterion, a neutral molecule with a positive and negative end.

### Antiglycating

Carnosine acts as an antiglycating agent, reducing the rate of formation of advanced glycation end-products (substances that can be a factor in the development or worsening of many degenerative diseases, such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, chronic kidney failure, and Alzheimer's disease), and ultimately reducing development of atherosclerotic plaque build-up.

### Geroprotective

Carnosine is considered as a geroprotector. Carnosine can increase the Hayflick limit in human fibroblasts, as well as appearing to reduce the telomere shortening rate. Carnosine may also slow aging through its anti-glycating properties (chronic glycolyating is speculated to accelerate aging).

### Other

Carnosine can chelate divalent metal ions. It has been suggested that binding Ca$^{2+}$ may displace protons, thereby providing a link between Ca$^{2+}$ and H$^+$ buffering. However, there is still controversy as to how much Ca$^{2+}$ is bound to carnosine under physiological conditions.
Research has demonstrated a positive association between muscle tissue carnosine concentration and exercise performance. β-Alanine supplementation is thought to increase exercise performance by promoting carnosine production in muscle. Exercise has conversely been found to increase muscle carnosine concentrations, and muscle carnosine content is higher in athletes engaging in anaerobic exercise.
# Luc Genolet

Luc Genolet (born 18 September 1963) is a former Swiss alpine skier who won the Europa Cup overall title in 1985.

## Career

During his career he has achieved 4 results among the top 10 in the World Cup.

## World Cup results
### Top 10

| Date | Place | Discipline | Rank |
| 23-01-1988 | Leukerbad | Downhill | 7 |
| 21-02-1986 | Wengen | Combined | 8 |
| 19-01-1986 | Kitzbuehel | Combined | 6 |
| 17-01-1986 | Kitzbuehel | Downhill | 6 |

## Europa Cup results

Genolet has won an overall Europa Cup and one discipline cup.
* FIS Alpine Ski Europa Cup
** Overall: 1985
** Downhill: 1984
# Rinus Gosens

Rinus Gosens (1 January 1920 – 22 May 2008) was a Dutch football player and manager. As a player, he won the Dutch championship with SVV in 1949. After his active career he became a football manager, who worked for Fortuna Vlaardingen, SVV, Heracles Almelo, FC Eindhoven and FC Den Bosch. He died on 22 May 2008, aged 88.
# Cherry Blossom Memories

Cherry Blossom Memories is a 2015 Japanese youth drama music film directed by Atsushi Ueda [ja], written by Hirotoshi Kobayashi [ja] and starring Maika Yamamoto and Kōdai Asaka [ja]. It is based on Sakura no Ame, a 2012 novel based on the 2008 Hatsune Miku song of the same title by halyosy. It had its world premiere at the Panorama section of the 28th Tokyo International Film Festival on October 29, 2015. It was released in Japan on March 5, 2016.

## Plot

Miku is a 2nd year high school student. Her school is located on the beach of a small town. She is a member of the school's chorus club. Miku is introverted, but likes singing and has feelings for Haru, the head of the chorus club. One day, Teacher Meiko, the advisor of the chorus club, decides to retire. For the last chorus competition during Teacher Meiko's tenure, she hopes the chorus club can win first place. Teacher Meiko selects a difficult song for the chorus competition which the students didn't expect. The students want to sing “Sakura no Ame” for the competition. Dissension grows within the chorus club.

## Cast

* Maika Yamamoto as Miku Tono
* Kōdai Asaka [ja] as Haru Sakurane
* Ryōhei Hirota [ja] as Ren Kitamura
* Ikumi Hisamitsu [ja] as Ruka Mitsuki
* Tōko Miura as Yuri Kashiima
* Daiki Nakamura
* Tomoko Tabata as Meiko Takada
* Kaoru Okunuki [ja] as Midori Tono
# Cecil Coles

Cecil Frederick Coles (7 October 1888 – 26 April 1918) was a Scottish composer who was killed on active service in World War I.

## Life and career

Coles was born in Tongland, near Kirkcudbright, to Frederick Coles and Margaret Coles (née Blacklock), and was educated at George Watson's School, Edinburgh. In 1907 he went to the London College of Music on a scholarship. He later studied at the University of Edinburgh and Stuttgart Conservatory. On completion of his studies, he became assistant conductor to the Stuttgart Royal Opera and was organist of St. Katherine's, an English church in the city. In 1912, he married Phoebe Relton at St Saviour's Church, Brockley Rise, London, and took his wife back to Germany; the couple returned to the UK the following year. When World War I broke out, he joined the Queen Victoria's Rifles and became their bandmaster. While on active service, he sent manuscripts home to his friend Gustav Holst. He was killed by German sniper fire on the Western Front, while helping recover casualties. He was buried at Crouy.
Coles' work was "rediscovered" in a 2001 recording.
His music was used as the opening and closing title music for a 2003 television documentary series entitled The First World War. The piece of music was Cortège, arranged by Orlando Gough. Cortège is one of the two surviving movements of a suite composed by Coles called Behind the Lines. Cortege also appears on Artists Rifles, an audiobook CD issued in 2004 featuring war poetry read by Siegfried Sassoon, Edmund Blunden, Robert Graves, David Jones, Edgell Rickword and Lawrence Binyon, as well as music by Edward Elgar, George Butterworth, Ralph Vaughan Williams, Maurice Ravel, Gustav Holst, Ivor Gurney, Ernest Moeran and Arthur Bliss.
A recording of piano music by Cecil Coles, including the two movement sonata from 1908, was released in 2021, played by James Willshire.

## Works
### Orchestral

* From the Scottish Highlands (suite) (1906–1907)
* Fra Giacomo (dramatic scena for baritone and orchestra, to a poem by Robert Williams Buchanan) (1914)
* Scherzo in A minor
* Overture: The Comedy of Errors
* Sorrowful Dance
* Behind the Lines

### Piano

* Five Little Variations on an Original Theme (1908)
* Sonata in C minor (c 1908)
* Variations on an Original Theme (1908)
* Rondo in A minor (1909)
* Five Sketches (pub. 1910)
* Intermezzo (1911)
* Trianon Gavotte
* Triste et Gai
* Valse in D

### Songs

* Four Verlaine Songs
# Cerceris halone

Cerceris halone is a species of wasp in the family Philanthidae. It is found in Central America and North America. It is a known predator of Curculionidae beetles and nests in sand.
# Rob Landsbergen

Rob Landsbergen (25 February 1960 – 29 September 2022) was a Dutch footballer who played as a forward for PSV Eindhoven and South Korean Hyundai Horangi. He was the first Dutch football player to play for a Korean club.
Landsbergen died from complications of Alzheimer's disease on 29 September 2022, at the age of 62.

## Career statistics

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| PSV | 1978–79 | Eredivisie | 3 | 0 | | | 0 | 0 | | |
| PSV | 1979–80 | Eredivisie | 5 | 1 | | | 0 | 0 | | |
| PSV | 1980–81 | Eredivisie | 9 | 2 | | | 0 | 0 | | |
| PSV | 1981–82 | Eredivisie | 22 | 5 | | | 2 | 0 | | |
| PSV | 1982–83 | Eredivisie | 21 | 1 | | | 2 | 0 | | |
| PSV | 1983–84 | Eredivisie | 8 | 1 | | | 1 | 0 | | |
| PSV | Total | Total | 68 | 10 | | | 5 | 0 | | |
| Willem II (loan) | 1980–81 | Eredivisie | 5 | 0 | | | – | – | | |
| Hyundai Horangi | 1984 | K-League | 27 | 9 | – | – | – | – | 27 | 9 |
| Hyundai Horangi | 1985 | K-League | 11 | 2 | – | – | – | – | 11 | 2 |
| Hyundai Horangi | Total | Total | 38 | 11 | – | – | – | – | 38 | 11 |
| NAC Breda | 1986–87 | Eerste Divisie | 13 | 3 | | | – | – | | |
| NAC Breda | 1987–88 | Eerste Divisie | | | | | – | – | | |
| NAC Breda | Total | Total | | | | | | | | |
| Helmond Sport | 1988–89 | Eerste Divisie | | | | | – | – | | |
| Helmond Sport | 1989–90 | Eerste Divisie | 32 | 7 | | | – | – | | |
| Helmond Sport | Total | Total | | | | | | | | |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 156 | 28 | | | 5 | 0 | | |
* ↑ Includes KNVB Cup, KFA Cup

## Honors

PSV
* President's Cup: 1983
Individual
* K League Top Assists Award: 1984
# Ramesh Gautam

Ramesh Gautam or Ramesh Chandra is an Indian politician from the Samajwadi Party. He was a member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly between 2007 and 2012, elected from Dixir (SC).
Gautam had started politics in 1989 and been a loyalist of the Bahujan Samaj Party for 31 years. In 2020, he was expelled from the party in what he called a "political conspiracy" within it. He shifted to the Samajwadi Party after that.

## Political life

Ramesh Gautam started politics in 1989 with the Bahujan Samaj Party. He became district president for 12 years, was given the charge of zonal coordinator in various divisions and was known for being a party loyalist.
He contested his first legislative assembly election from Dixir (SC) in 2007 and became an MLA. He has also contested from Mankapur (SC) in 2012 and 2017, and from Balha in a 2019 by-election.
In 2020, Gautam was expelled the BSP by the district president Manoj Kumar Kanojia. He had served there for 31 years in the BSP and was expelled in what he described as a "political conspiracy" taking place within the party. He said that he was willing to come back if given the opportunity. He shifted to the Samajwadi Party after finding no recourse and was again fielded from Mankapur (SC) in the 2022 election as an SP candidate, where he received over 62,000 voters and came runner-up to the BJP candidate while the BSP secured around 6,500 votes at a distant third.
# Schelderbach

Schelderbach is a small river of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is 3.1 km (1.9 mi) long and flows as a right tributary into the Gosenbach near Siegen.
# Deslongchampsithyris

Deslongchampsithyris is a genus of brachiopods in the family Chlidonophoridae.

## Existence

Fossils of Deslongchampsithyris show that species of Deslongchampsithyris existed around 191–183 MYA in the Early Jurassic epoch. There are two occurrences of fossils of the genus, one for each of the species. A fossil of Deslongchampsithyris moisseevi has been discovered in Ukraine and Deslongchampsithyris kamyshani in Georgia, both near the Black Sea.

## Characteristics

Species of Deslongchampsithyris are blind like all other species of Rhynconellata. They are stationary and attach to surfaces, like all other Brachiopods. They are filter feeders(also known as suspension feeders) and their diet consists of suspended food particles (usually phytoplankton). They have a taphonomy of low mg calcite like all other Brachiopods.

## Subtaxa

Deslongchampsithyris has 2 species, both of which are extinct.
* Deslongchampsithyris kamyshani
* Deslongchampsithyris moisseevi (Basionym Deslongchampsithyris moiseevi)
# Corruption in San Marino

Political corruption :
Forms and concepts :
Bribery
Cronyism
Economics of corruption
Electoral fraud
Elite capture
Influence peddling
Kleptocracy
Mafia state
Nepotism
Pyrrhic defeat theory
Slush fund
Simony
State capture
State-corporate crime
Throffer :
Anti-corruption :
International Anti-Corruption Court
Group of States Against Corruption
International Anti-Corruption Academy
International Anti-Corruption Day
United Nations Convention against Corruption :
Corruption by country :
vte :
Despite its size, limited infrastructure, and tiny population, there are still incidences of corruption in San Marino. Notable cases include political corruption, judicial inefficiencies, and corruption in the public procurement processes.

## Background

As a parliamentary democracy, San Marino has been recognized as a country that generally upholds political rights and civil liberties. It also holds regular elections while its government and judiciary exercise their functions without improper interference from external actors or unelected entities.
In terms of political corruption, San Marino is cited for the heavy fines it imposes on defamation. Such penalty created a culture of self-censorship, particularly on the part of journalists, who are hampered in their ability to report and investigate governmental transparency and accountability. Those who are found liable are not allowed to appeal their conviction. This is aggravated by the lack of a code of conduct that would have required members of the Parliament and the judiciary to declare conflicts of interest and declare their assets.
The lack of oversight as well as codes of conduct have led to several corruption problems such as those committed in the public procurement processes. There is a lack of stringent mechanisms that would have ensured transparency and accountability. This aggravates the incidence of corruption as public officials are shielded from public scrutiny. San Marino also does not have an independent anti-corruption body that could have investigated and prosecuted graft and corruption cases.
Corruption problems also persist in the case of the financial sector. The country is identified as a tax haven, with its financial sector facilitating financial crimes, cases of embezzlement, and misuse of funds. For instance, authorities confiscated more than one hundred million euros owned by a Sicilian entrepreneur suspected of being used to fund Sicilian mafia clans.

## Reform

Through the years, San Marino has adopted several measures to address corruption. By 2022, it has adopted a code of conduct that will govern councilors in the legislature in response to the call for enhanced transparency. A year later, the country introduced changes to its anti-money laundering legislation to address deficiencies identified by the Council of Europe as facilitating financial crimes.
# Pseudonomoneura tinkhami

Pseudonomoneura tinkhami is a species of mydas flies (insects in the family Mydidae).

## Distribution

Arizona.
# François De Pauw

François De Pauw (28 December 1926 – 21 February 2009) was a Belgian basketball player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1948 Summer Olympics.