OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Epipubic bone

Epipubic bones are a pair of bones projecting forward from the pelvic bones of modern marsupials, monotremes and fossil mammals like multituberculates, and even basal eutherians (the ancestors of placentals, who lack them). They first occur in non-mammalian cynodonts such as tritylodontids, suggesting that they are a synapomorphy between them and Mammaliformes.
They were first described as early as 1698, but to date, their function(s) remain unresolved. Epipubic bones are often called marsupial bones because they support the mother's pouch in modern marsupials ("marsupium" is Latin for "pouch").

## Function

Some writers have suggested that the epipubic bones are a part of a kinetic link stretching from the femur on one side, to the ribs on the opposite side. This linkage is formed by a series of muscles: Each epipubic bone is connected to the femur by the pectineus muscle, and to the ribs and vertebrae by the pyramidalis, rectus abdominis, and external and internal obliques. According to this hypothesis, the epipubic bones act as levers to stiffen the trunk during locomotion, and aid in breathing. Others have suggested that epipubic bones may constrain asymmetrical gaits, although this appears not to be the case.

## Occurrence

Only placentals, and possibly the early mammaliformes Megazostrodon and Erythrotherium, lack them; in thylacines and sparassodonts, they appear to have become primarily cartilaginous and the osseous element has become strongly reduced or even absent.
Trichosurus mimicked placentals in shifting hypaxial muscles attachment sites from the epipubic to the pelvis, losing the respiratory benefits (see below), but otherwise retains large epipubics. Epipubic bones show sexual size dimorphism.
In modern marsupials, the epipubic bones are often called "marsupial bones" because they support the mother's pouch ("marsupium" is Latin for "pouch"), but their presence on other groups of mammals indicates that this was not their original function, which some researchers think was to assist locomotion by supporting some of the muscles that flex the thigh.
Placentals are the only mammal lineage that lacks epipubic bones, and this absence has been considered to be correlated to the development of the placenta itself; epipubic bones stiffen the torso, preventing the expansion necessary for prolonged pregnancy. This however apparently did not prevent large litter sizes; Kayentatherium is now known to have given birth to litters of 38 undeveloped young, a considerably higher number than living monotremes or marsupials. However, vestiges of the epipubic bone may survive in a common placental characteristic, the baculum.
Additionally, the capacity for epipubic bones to prevent long term pregnancies has been debated in a 2022 study on multituberculates, which proved that they were capable of producing young as developed as those of placentals despite their epipubics.
# Man of Many Minds

Man of Many Minds is a science fiction novel by American writer E. Everett Evans. It was first published in 1953 by Fantasy Press in an edition of 3,558 copies. The book includes an introduction by E. E. Smith.

## Plot introduction

The novel concerns the adventures of George Hanlon, a secret service agent who has the ability to read minds.

## Reception

P. Schuyler Miller gave the novel a negative review, saying "it won't stand up" against then-contemporary standards, though it might have been successful years earlier.
# Gulzar Inder Chahal

Gulzar Chahal is an Indian film actor and producer. He played the role of Roop in Jag Jeondeyan De Mele. He has also co-produced "Heer-Ranjha",starring Harbhajan Mann and Neeru Bajwa. He would be seen in the lead role in a Bollywood movie-"I Am Singh"(directed by Puneet Issar), in which Gulzar plays the lead role of a turbaned Sikh. The story is on mistaken identity and hate crime on Sikhs in the US., after the 9/11 tragedy. The film is inspired by real life incidents. Female actors in major roles would be Tulip Joshi and Brooke Johnston (Miss UK Universe, 2005).
Gulzar was decorated with 'The Best Producer Award', January this year.

## Personal life

His father, S. Harinder Singh Chahal has been a much decorated police officer with the Punjab Police and has recently retired as a Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG).He made a lot of money from 1984 to 1992 from innocent people. He was a corrupt cop.

## Sports

He played cricket for India (Under-15) teams alongside the likes of Reetinder Singh Sodhi and Mohammad Kaif. He opened the bowling for India against Pakistan in the Lombard Under-15s Challenge Cup. The Indian team won the match by 4 wickets at Lords.
He is from 1997 batch from Yadavindra Public School, Patiala, Punjab, India.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Producer | Actor | Notes |
| 2009 | Jag Jeondeyan De Mele | Yes | Yes | Punjabi |
| 2009 | Heer Ranjha | Yes | Yes | Punjabi |
| 2011 | I Am Singh | | Yes | Bollywood |
| 2011 | Yaara o Dildaara | | Yes | Punjabi |
| 2012 | Dil Tainu Karda Ae Pyar | | Yes | Punjabi |
| 2013. | Ishq Garaari | | Yes | Punjabi |
# Colombian Open (squash)

The Colombian Open is a squash tournament held in Bogota, Colombia in August. It is part of the PSA World Tour. The event was first held in 1995.

## Past Results
### Men's

| Year | Champion | Runner-up | Score in final |
| 2015 | Alfredo Ávila | Saurav Ghosal | 11-9, 8-11, 11-4, 11-8 |
| 2014 | Miguel Ángel Rodríguez | Omar Mosaad | 9-11, 11-7, 11-7, 11-1 |
| 2013 | Peter Barker | Omar Mosaad | 11-4, 11-4, 8-11, 11-3 |
| 2012 | Tarek Momen | Miguel Ángel Rodríguez | 3-11, 11-4, 11-3, 12-10 |
| 2011 | Mohamed El Shorbagy | Laurens Jan Anjema | 7-11, 11-7, 11-8, 2-11, 17-15 |
| 2010 | Miguel Ángel Rodríguez | Olli Tuominen | 9-11, 11-9, 11-5, 11-5 |
| 2009 | David Palmer | Borja Golán | 12-10, 11-13, 12-10, 5-11, 12-12 ret. |
| 2008 | Miguel Ángel Rodríguez | Jorge Isaac Baltazar Ferreira | 3-11, 11-4, 11-3, 12-10 |
| 2007 | Peter Barker | Borja Golán | 13-11,11-8,11-6 |
| 2006 | Peter Barker | Miguel Ángel Rodríguez | 11-6, 13-11, 11-7 |
| 2005 | Peter Barker | Raj Nanda | 11-6, 11-1, 11-4 |
| 2004 | No competition | No competition | No competition |
| 2003 | No competition | No competition | No competition |
| 2002 | Renan Lavigne | John Williams | 17-16, 15-12, 14-17, 15-10 |
| 2001 | Renan Lavigne | Wael El Hindi | 15-13, 15-0, 15-6 |
| 2000 | Stephen Meads | Tim Garner | 15-5, 15-12, 15-12 |
| 1999 | Olli Tuominen | Peter Genever | 15-14, 17-15, 15-10 |
| 1998 | Stewart Boswell | Thierry Lincou | 13-15, 15-10, 15-5, 4-15, 15-12 |
| 1997 | Tony Hands | Thierry Lincou | |
| 1996 | Tim Garner | Stuart Cowie | |
| 1995 | Stefan Casteleyn | Federico Usandizaga | 15-12, 15-6, 15-10 |
# Alfred Trønsdal

Alfred Olav Trønsdal (14 October 1896 – 1953) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.
He joined his first trade union in 1911, and joined the Labour Party in 1913. He was a manager for Norges Socialdemokratiske Ungdomsforbund and Klassekampen from 1920, and in Østfold Arbeiderblad from 1924 to 1928. In 1928 he was hired as a secretary in the Union of Employees in Commerce and Offices in Trondheim. From 1922 to 1923 he chaired Oslo Arbeidersamfund. In 1929 he unsuccessfully applied for the job as manager in Trondhjems Kooperative Bygge- og Boligselskap.
Trønsdal was first elected to Trondheim city council in 1932. With the political situation disrupted by the German occupation of Norway from 1940 to 1945, Trønsdal was selected by the County Governor of Sør-Trøndelag to serve in the temporary city council following the liberation of Norway in May 1945. From 1947 to 1950 he served as deputy mayor.
As a part of the rebuilding of post-occupation of Norway, a housing cooperative Trondheim og Omegn Bolig- og Byggelag was established in December 1945. Trønsdal became the first chairman of its board. From 1950 to his death in 1953 he worked as teknisk rådmann, a director position in the city administration. A road in Trondheim has been named after him.
# Emergency aircraft evacuation

Emergency aircraft evacuation refers to emergency evacuation from an aircraft which may take place on the ground, in water, or mid-flight. There are standard evacuation procedures and special evacuation equipment.

## Commercial airplanes

Commercial aircraft are equipped with aircraft safety cards detailing evacuation procedures. These include locating and using emergency exits, using slides and flotation devices for water landings, etc.
Airliners are certified for a full evacuation within 90s, but evacuation tests can be theoretical as real passengers may be older and in more overweight conditions. Around 30 evacuation events occurs each year around the world, with a very high overall level of safety as observed by the FAA. In 2016, an Emirates 777-300 caught fire in Dubai but evacuation took 6min 40s while it was only 77% full, as half of the passengers surveyed admitted retrieving Hand luggage. EASA is avoiding automatically locking overhead bins, as it could lead to even greater delays with frustrated passengers.
An evacuation is more urgent than a "rapid disembarkation", which entails using the aircraft's ordinary exits while leaving luggage behind. A 2017 incident at Cork Airport saw passengers use the overwing doors and slides after misinterpreting the captain's rapid disembarkation instruction as an emergency evacuation instruction.

## Ejection seats

In aircraft, an ejection seat is a system designed to rescue the pilot or other crew of an aircraft (usually military) in an emergency. In most designs, the seat is propelled out of the aircraft by an explosive charge or rocket motor, carrying the pilot with it. The concept of an ejectable escape capsule has also been tried. Once clear of the aircraft, the ejection seat deploys a parachute.

## Parachutes

Parachutes are designed to allow people to exit aircraft mid-flight and safely land on the ground by creating drag to slow descent.
# Towed pinger locator

A towed pinger locator is a water-borne device used to locate the sonar "ping" from the underwater locator beacon which is fitted to the Cockpit Voice Recorders and Flight Data Recorders installed in commercial airliners. They can locate pingers at depths of up to 20,000 feet (6,100 m) underwater.

## Description

The locator is mounted in a hydrodynamic shell, or "tow fish", connected by winch behind a surface vessel across the search area. The locator listens for the sound emanating from the beacon or "pinger". Once located, the beacon and its attached recorders can be retrieved by divers, submersibles or remotely operated vehicle (ROV), depending on depth. A model currently used by the United States Navy is the TPL-25, which has a weight of 70 pounds (32 kg) and a length of 30 inches (760 mm); it is generally towed at 1–5 knots (2–9 km/h).
Most beacons transmit a pulse once a second at 37.5 kHz.
The hydrophone must be positioned below the thermocline layer which reflects sounds, either back to the surface or back to the ocean floor. Since the pinger signal is relatively weak, the hydrophone must be within a nautical mile (about 6,080 feet (1,850 m)) to detect it. The hydrophone is typically deployed about 1,000 feet (300 m) above the ocean floor, where it can scan a swath approximately 12,000 feet (3,700 m) wide, on a flat, level surface.
# Bogislav Friedrich Emanuel von Tauentzien

Bogislav Friedrich Emanuel Graf Tauentzien von Wittenberg (15 September 1760 – 20 February 1824) was a Prussian general of the Napoleonic Wars.

## Biography

Tauentzien was born in Potsdam in the Margraviate of Brandenburg as the son of Friedrich Bogislav von Tauentzien. He married Elisabeth von Amstedt, with whom he had one son and one daughter. The branch of the von Tauentzien family with the title of count ended with the 1854 death of Tauentzien's son, Heinrich Bogislav.
Tauentzien entered the Prussian Army in 1775 and was granted the title of Graf (count) on 5 August 1791. He became a royal aide-de-camp in 1793; he was entrusted with many diplomatic missions until 1813. Tauentzien participated in the campaign of 1793 and was successively promoted to Oberst in 1795 and Generalmajor in 1801. He commanded an observation corps of Friedrich Ludwig zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen until the Saalburg in 1806. Shortly before the Battle of Saalfeld, a French corps under Marshal Bernadotte defeated Tauentzien's detachment of 9,000 men at Schleiz. Tauentzien capably organized the retreat to Mittel-Pöllnitz so his troops could rejoin the main Prussian army.
At Jena, Tauentzien led the vanguard of the Hohenlohe Corps. Scores of Prussian generals were dismissed after the defeat of Prussia in 1806–07, although Tauentzien was not. As Generalleutnant, he commanded the Brandenburg Brigade after the Treaties of Tilsit and participated in the reorganization of the defeated Prussian army.
In 1813, Tauentzien was named Military Governor between the Oder and the Vistula Rivers, and he succeeded in the siege of Stettin. As General der Infanterie, he commanded the IV. Armeekorps, which consisted mostly of Landwehr, and participated in the battles of Großbeeren on 23 August and Dennewitz on 6 September. In October his troops left the relative safety of Dessau and crossed the Elbe.
After the Battle of Leipzig, Tauentzien accepted the capitulation of Torgau on 26 December 1813. Generalleutnant Leopold Wilhelm von Dobschütz led the capture of Wittenberg on the night of 13–14 January 1814, but acclaim for the victory went to his superior, Tauentzien, who was granted the honorary title "von Wittenberg", a coat of arms, and, on 26 January, the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross. A street in Wittenberg was named Tauentzienstraße, but is now known as Dobschützstraße. On 24 May, Tauentzien recovered Magdeburg.
Tauentzien commanded the VI. Armeekorps during the Hundred Days of Napoleon Bonaparte. The Battle of Waterloo had already occurred by the time his troops reached France. After the end of the war, he commanded the III. Armeekorps.
Tauentzien died as Commander of Berlin. Tauentzienstraße in Berlin is named in his honor.
# Panek

Panek is a Czech and Polish surname. The name derives either from Pan, which means Polish sir or master. Notable people with the surname include:
* Anita Dolly Panek, Brazilian biochemist
* Jerry Panek, Polish-American skier
* Maciej Panek, Prezes Panek S.A.
* Tracey Panek, New Zealand Māori historian and archivist
* Yolanda Panek (1974 – disappeared 1995), American female murder victim
* Zbyněk Pánek, Czech skier
# Airplane airbags

Airplane airbags are airbags that are located in the seat belts on some airplanes. They are designed to lessen the impact of crashes with minor injuries. Dependent on an airline's choice of installation, airplane airbags are most often installed in First class, Business class, Premium Economy, and Economy bulkhead/exit row seats. The use of seat belt extenders deactivates the airbag mechanism, so some airlines require seat belt extender users to be reassigned to seats without airbags.
Airlines which use airplane airbags include, but are not limited to:
| Aeroflot | B777-300ER (18C, 18H) A320-200N and A321-200NX (Bulkhead rows only) |
| Air Astana | B767-300 |
| Air Canada | A319-112/114, A320-214, A321-211, 767-300ER, A330-300, 777-233LR, 777-333ER |
| Air France | A330-200, 777-300ER |
| Air New Zealand | 747-400, 777-300ER, 777-200ER (Business Class), A320-232SL |
| Alaska Airlines | 737-900 (First class and Premium Class bulkhead) |
| Alitalia | A330 |
| Avianca | A319, A320-200, 787-8 (all in Business Class) |
| American Airlines | 737-800 (First Class and bulkhead row seats), 777-200ER (Business Class), 777-300ER (Business Class), A319 (First Class, Main Cabin: Exit and bulkhead row seats), A321T (First Class) |
| British Airways | A321-200 (Club World) |
| Cathay Pacific | 777-300ER, A330-300, A340, A350, 777-300 |
| China Airlines | 777-300ER |
| Delta Air Lines | 767-300ER, 767-400ER, 777-200ER, 777-200LR (BusinessElite Only), 717-200 (Comfort Plus only), A321 business class row 1 at bulkhead. A220-100 row 10 |
| Emirates | A340-500 |
| Finnair | A330-300 (Business Class Only), A350-900 (Business Class Only) |
| Iberia | A340-600 |
| Japan Airlines | 787-9 (1st Class, Business, Premium Economy) |
| KLM | B787-9, B787-10, B777-200, B777-300ER |
| Singapore Airlines | A340-500, A350-900, A380-800, B777-300ER |
| Sky Airline | A320neo, A321neo |
| South African Airways | A340-600 |
| Spirit Airlines | A320 |
| SwissAir | A330-300 (Business and First Class only) |
| Thai Airways | 787-9 (Business Class) |
| United Airlines | 737-9MAX, 767-400ER (Business and First Class only) |
| Virgin Atlantic | 747-400, A340-600, A340-300 |
| Virgin Australia | A330-200, 777-300ER |
# Paweł Gruza

Paweł Gruza (born 1 June 1977) is a Polish banker, politician and former acting CEO of PKO Bank Polski, the largest Polish bank. He also served as Deputy Finance Minister in the Ministry of Finance.

## Early life and education

Paweł Gruza was born on 1 June 1977 in Warsaw. He studied law and administration at the University of Warsaw and holds an undergraduate degree there.

## Career
### Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Treasury

Paweł Gruza served as Deputy Finance Minister in the Ministry of Finance from 2016 to 2018 and served as Undersecretary of State in the Ministry of Treasury from early to late 2016. Gruza was also a member of the Polish Financial Supervision Authority(KNF).

### KGHM

From September 2018 to August 2022 he held the position of Vice Chairman of the Board of KGHM Polska Miedź, a Polish mining company.

### PKO Bank Polski

From August 2022, Pawel Gruza led the Board of PKO as its newly appointed vice-president until the Polish Financial Supervision Authority(KNF) would give their approval for his role as CEO. In April 2023 Gruza resigned from the position of acting CEO due to the lack of approval from the KNF and was replaced by Dariusz Szwed. Gruza will remain vice-president of the board, but will not manage it anymore.
# Milan Hokke

Milan Hokke (born 11 October 2003) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a defender for Eerste Divisie side ADO Den Haag on loan from Feyenoord.

## Career

He was born in Vlaardingen, and joined the youth set-up at Feyenoord at the age of seven years-old in 2011. He spent 14 years progressing through the age-groups at Varkenoord, prior to signing a three year-contract in 2023. He played 41 official matches for Feyenoord U21, in which he scored five times and won both the U21 cup and championship, during the 2023-24 season. He agreed to join ADO Den Haag in the summer of 2024. The agreement between the two clubs was for a season-long loan with the option to make the deal permanent.
He made his professional debut on 30 August 2024, playing at home for ADO Den Haag against Excelsior in the Eerste Divisie.
# Izza

Izza may refer to:
* Izza (singer), American pop singer and rapper
* Darat Izza, a town in northern Syria
* Michael Izza, chief executive officer of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales
* Jaysh al-Izza, Syrian rebel group
* Izza Génini (b. 1942), Moroccan film producer and director
* Izza Kizza, American hip-hop musician
* Izza Ignacio, actress in the Philippines
# Noël De Pauw

Noël De Pauw (25 July 1942 – 13 April 2015) was a Belgian professional racing cyclist. He won the Omloop Het Nieuwsblad in 1965.
# Church of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (Lima)

The Church of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (Spanish: Iglesia del Inmaculado Corazón de María), commonly known as The Dome (Spanish: La Cúpula), is a Catholic church located in the intersection of Antonio José de Sucre Avenue and Jirón 28 de Julio, in Magdalena del Mar District, Lima, Peru.
The work was conceived by the Claretian priest Simón Llobet. Since 1957, the year of its inauguration, it has become one of the most visible religious and architectural symbols of the city despite its great demographic growth. It is the tallest church in Lima. The works were financed through donations and charitable events.

## Architecture

The church sports a neo-Renaissance style architectural finish that ends in a dome on which rests the image of the Virgin Mary with open arms, 6.5 m high, made from resin and fibreglass by the sculptor Fredy Luque Sonco. Brought in parts from Arequipa, it was hoisted in January 2006 during recovery works.
Its characteristic pink and green colours have been maintained over the years, gaining splendour thanks to the restoration works on both the façade and inside the temple; in addition to the general repainting. The lighting company Enel was in charge of providing exterior lighting.
The bells were acquired thanks to donations from through the efforts of the women of Acción Católica.
Initially, the statue of the Virgin, built in 1956, located in the Monument to the Immaculate Heart of Mary and a few streets from the temple towards the coast, had been designed to be located at the top of the dome. However, due to its weight of more than four tons, it was impossible to locate it in that place. For that reason, it remained stored for forty years until it was finally placed in 1996 in the homonymous square at the end of Brazil Avenue.
# Kunduz Airport

Kunduz Airport (IATA: UND, ICAO: OAUZ) is located about 5 miles (8.0 km) southeast of Kunduz (also spelled Konduz), the capital of Kunduz Province in Afghanistan. It is a domestic airport under the country's Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation (MoTCA), and serves the population of Kunduz Province. Security in and around the airport is provided by the Afghan National Security Forces.
The airport resides at an elevation of 1,457 feet (444 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 11/29 with an asphalt surface measuring 8,100 by 148 feet (2,469 m × 45 m). A new terminal was added in 2017, which has a capacity of housing up to 1,300 passengers. The entire airport was expanded and updated in recent years but some work remains to be completed.

## History

The airport was originally built in 1958 when Afghanistan was ruled by King Zahir Shah. "Two years later, the airport was further constructed by the United States." During the 1980s, it was used by Afghan and Soviet forces for military purposes. It was recently used by forces of NATO's Resolute Support Mission.
After the withdrawal of all NATO forces from Afghanistan, members of the Taliban took control of Kunduz Airport in August 2021. They captured weaponry and vehicles from the Afghan National Army and Afghan Air Force, including an Mi-35 Hind attack helicopter given to the Afghan Air Force by India.

## Airlines and destinations

Each week there are two flights between Kunduz Airport and Kabul International Airport. Kam Air formerly operates services to Kabul International Airport. All flights from Kunduz Airport were suspended between August 2021 and July 2022.

## Incidents

* On 17 May 2010, confirmed reports state that Pamir Airways Flight 112, an Antonov An-24, crashed 100 km away from Kabul International Airport. The plane was en route from Kunduz Airport to Kabul, when it suddenly disappeared from radars. The wreckage was located on 20 May, rescuers reached the site on 21 May. No signs of life were found.
* On 28 September 2015, during the Battle of Kunduz, many civilians from the city of Kunduz fled to the airport, which was not taken by the Taliban. According to a government security official, the Taliban had been vastly outnumbered, with only an estimated 500 fighters remaining against about 7,000 government troops and allied militia members. However, local politicians from Kunduz said that the government had failed to provide leadership and support to its fighters in the area.
* On 11 August 2021, the news channel Russia Today, reported that the airport was captured by the Taliban. The airport's government forces had outlasted other centres in Kunduz before its capture.