OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kudi (knife)

A kudi or kudhi is a bladed tool from Banyumas, Indonesia.

## Description

Like a parang, a kudi only has one sharp edge, however, it has a rather curved shape blade tip like a sickle, with an enlarged base. Similarly to the parang, kudi can be used to chop or cut wood and bamboo. Kudi with a slimmer blade may be used as a weapon. The hilt is usually made of wood that is at least as long as the blade. Some kudi blades are also fitted to a spear handle. In spear form, the length of the handle is usually between 65–180 cm (26–71 in).

## Culture

The kujang is often considered a development of the kudi. It is said that the word "kujang" came from "kudi hyang" (Gods' kudi). Banyumas version of Bagong puppet figures, called Bawor, depicted carrying a kudi (called curiga) as a weapon. Kudi is considered one of the cultural identities of the Banyumas people. The kudi is typically worn as part of the Banyumasan traditional attire by girding on the back of the waist.

## Images

* Kudi Wayang, kudi with blade shaped like a wayang puppet figure.
* Common Banyumasan kudi.
* Common Banyumasan kudi.
# Duke of Albret

Duke of Albret (Duc d'Albret) was a title in the French nobility.
It was created in 1550 for the King of Navarre, Henry II. He died in 1555 and was succeeded by his daughter, Jeanne III. The duchy was made into a peerage for her in 1556. On her death in 1572 the title was inherited by her son Henry; he became King of France as Henry IV in 1589 when the title merged in the Crown. He bestowed it on his sister, Catherine de Bourbon, the regent of Navarre.
Between 1641 and 1651 the duchy-peerage was held by the Princes of Condé, Henri (died 1646) and his son Louis. In 1651 the duchy-peerage was granted to the Duke of Bouillon, Frédéric Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne, and was held by subsequent Dukes of Bouillon until becoming extinct in 1802.
In the nineteenth century Duke of Albret was a courtesy title borne by Prince Henri d'Orléans, duc d'Aumale (1822–1897), the heir to the Condé estates.

## List of dukes
### First creation

* Henry II of Navarre (1550–55), Comte de Foix, Duc d'Albret (1550) and King of Navarre

### Second creation

* Jeanne d'Albret (1556–72)
* Henry III and IV (1572-1589)

### Third creation

* Catherine de Bourbon (1589-1604)

### Fourth creation

* Henri, Prince of Condé (1641–46)
* Louis, Grand Condé (1646–51)
* Frédéric Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne (1651–52)
* Godefroy Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne (1652–96)
* Emmanuel Théodose de La Tour d'Auvergne (1696–1730)
* Charles Godefroy de La Tour d'Auvergne (1730–71)
* Godefroy Charles Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne (1771–92)
# Carro (online car marketplace)

Carro is an online marketplace for buying and selling new and used cars headquartered in Singapore and operates in Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Japan, Taiwan and Hong Kong.

## History

Carro was co-founded in 2015 by Aaron Tan and his Carnegie Mellon University classmates Aditya Lesmana and Kelvin Chng.
In 2016, Carro received $5.3 million in a series A funding round led by Venturra Capital and other investors including Golden Gate Ventures, Alpha JWC and GMO Ventures. In May 2018, Carro raised $60 million in a series B round led by Softbank Ventures Korea, Insignia Ventures Partners, Singtel Innov8 and B Capital. In August 2019, Carro raised $30 million in a round of series B funding and used the funds to acquire the Indonesian e-commerce site Jualo.com. In September, Carro announced the inception of its operations in Malaysia through a $30 million investment into the car-bidding online platform Carro Malaysia (formerly myTukar).
In June 2021, Carro received $360 million in a C funding round which raised its valuation to $1 billion led by SoftBank. In November, Singapore state investor Temasek Holdings and Malaysian fund manager and Permodalan Nasional Berhad (PNB) led a Series C round for Carro which raised more than $100 million, other investors included Sime Darby, Shinhan Financial Group and Mirae Asset.
In June 2022, Carro acquired a 50% stake in the rental unit of the Indonesian automotive group, PT Mitra Pinasthika Mustika (MPM Rent) for nearly $54 million. In March 2023, Carro added EMPG, the parent company of Kaidee, to its cap table. In June, Carro entered into a partnership with Jardine Cycle & Carriage (JC&C) valued at more than $60 million. In March 2024, Carro started its operations in Hong Kong by the acquisition of the used car market Beyond Cars.
# Siege of Galway

53°16′22″N 9°02′30″W﻿ / ﻿53.2728°N 9.0417°W﻿ / 53.2728; -9.0417
The siege of Galway took place from August 1651 to 12 May 1652 during the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland. Galway was the last city held by Irish Catholic forces in Ireland and its fall signalled the end to most organised resistance to the Parliamentarian conquest of the country.
The English Parliamentarians were commanded by Charles Coote, an English settler who had commanded Parliamentarian forces in the northwest of Ireland throughout the Irish Confederate Wars. Galway was garrisoned by Irish Confederate soldiers under Thomas Preston, many of whom had reached the city after an unsuccessful defence of Waterford.

## Defences of Galway

The citizens of Galway had paid for extensive modern bastioned defences during the 1640s and the city was very difficult to assault, given that it was surrounded by Galway Bay on its south side, Lough Corrib to its northwest and Lough Atalia to its east. As a result any assault would be confined to a narrow corridor to the north of the town, allowing the defenders to concentrate their fire. Coote was aware of this, and, after he arrived at Galway in August 1651, he decided to blockade the city rather than to attack it directly. He laid out his siege lines between Lough Atalia and Lough Corrib and stationed a Parliamentary fleet in Galway Bay to cut off supplies or reinforcement from reaching the city. However, Galway remained open to the west and Irish general Richard Farrell was quartered in Connemara with 3,000 more troops.

## The siege

In November 1651, after the fall of Limerick, Henry Ireton, the Parliamentarian commander in Ireland, decided to make the capture of Galway the main priority for his forces. As a result, he reinforced Coote and tightened the blockade on Galway. The siege dragged on for seven more months before Galway capitulated. Ulick Burke, 1st Marquess of Clanricarde, who was nominally the supreme commander of the Irish Catholic forces, tried to assemble an army at Jamestown County Leitrim to relieve Galway, but few of the demoralised Irish force around the country responded to his order. In March, a conference of Irish officers in Galway, including Clanricarde, decided to begin negotiations for terms of surrender.

## Surrender

Thomas Preston, the military governor of Galway, eventually agreed to surrender the city on 12 May 1652. His position had become impossible due to food shortages and an outbreak of bubonic plague in Galway. Coote agreed to let Preston leave Ireland with most of his troops and enter the Spanish service. The lives and property of the citizens of Galway was respected by the Parliamentarians for the most part, but the Catholic merchant families of the city, the "Tribes of Galway," had to pay heavy fines and were excluded from the municipal government of Galway.
# J.L. Family Ranch

J.L. Family Ranch is a 2016 American Western television film directed by Charles Robert Carner and written by Harley Peyton. It stars Jon Voight, Teri Polo, James Caan, Melanie Griffith, Steven Bauer, Grant Bowler, and Trevor Donovan. It was broadcast on the Hallmark Movies & Mysteries channel on August 21, 2016. It was released in Europe as Texas Blood. It was followed by a sequel JL Family Ranch 2 in 2020.

## Plot

Veteran rancher and former sheriff John Landsburg must face federal bureaucracy when an old enemy, Tap Peterson, alleges John does not actually own the family's Texas ranch.

## Cast

* Jon Voight as John Landsburg
* Teri Polo as Rebecca Landsburg
* James Caan as Tap Peterson
* Melanie Griffith as Laura Lee Schafer
* Steven Bauer as Hector Arrieta
* Abby Brammell as Regan Landsburg
* Grant Bowler as Sheriff Henry Whitlock
* Trevor Donovan as Brady Landsburg
* Nathan Keyes as Terrence
* Lee Purcell as Mable Ritter
* Skyler Shaye as Lynn Landsburg
* Kevin Lingle as Agent in Charge
* Shane Woodson as Ethan Petersen
* Cory Scott Allen as McCarthy
* Clarke Vesty is Jon Voight's double and appears as a ranch hand

## Production

Principal photography on the film began in mid-January 2016 in Kentucky, with Charles Robert Carner directing and Crystal Sky Pictures' Steven Paul producing from a script by Harley Peyton and music by Eric Allaman.
# Halbammer

The Halbammer is a river in Bavaria, Germany. It flows into the Ammer west of Saulgrub.
# Cucullanus austropacificus

Cucullanus austropacificus is a species of parasitic nematodes. It is an endoparasite of the fish Conger cinereus. The species has been described in 2018 by František Moravec & Jean-Lou Justine from material collected off New Caledonia in the South Pacific Ocean.
Cucullanus austropacificus was characterized by the following morphological features: presence of cervical alae, ventral sucker, alate spicules 1.30–1.65 mm long, conspicuous outgrowths of the anterior and posterior cloacal lips and elongate-oval eggs measuring 89–108 × 48–57 μm.
# En Vazhi Thani Vazhi (1988 film)

En Vazhi Thani Vazhi (transl. My path is a unique path) is a 1988 Indian Tamil-language film directed by V. Azhagappan, starring Raghuvaran, supported by Geetha, Nishanthi and S. S. Chandran. The film became more popular after actor Rajinikanth used the punch line En Vazhi Thani Vazhi in his 1999 film Padayappa. It was released on 15 December 1988.

## Plot

En Vazhi Thani Vazhi is the story of Advocate Raja who takes on a corrupt system.

## Cast

* Raghuvaran as Advocate Raja
* Geetha
* Nishanthi
* S. S. Chandran
* Senthil

## Soundtrack

The soundtrack was composed by Chandrabose. Lyrics wrote by Vairamuthu and Kamakodiyan.

## Release

The film failed commercially at box-office and Azhagappan suffered losses as producer.
# One Eye Peak

One Eye Peak is a mountain located at Princess Louisa Inlet. One Eye Peak is part of the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. When Thomas F. Hamilton build his resort called the Malibu Club at the entrance of Princess Louisa Inlet he named the mountain after himself - Mt. Hamilton. The mountain is typically referred to by its English title of a Sechelt First Nation translation "TUHK-OHSS" referring to "Old One Eye" and is the protector of the inlet.

## Gallery

* One Eye Peak overlooking the entrance to Princess Louisa Inlet and the Malibu Club.
* One Eye Peak shining in the Alpine glow of dusk
* One Eye Peak at dawn
* One Eye Peak overlooking Princess Louisa Inlet
* One Eye and the Malibu Totem
* Old One Eye and Sun Peaks the mountains of Princess Louisa Inlet
* One Eye during the summer of 2006 - down to the bed rock
# Suevite

Suevite is a rock consisting partly of melted material, typically forming a breccia containing glass and crystal or lithic fragments, formed during an impact event. It forms part of a group of rock types and structures that are known as impactites.

## Name

The word "suevite" is derived from "Suevia", Latin name of Swabia. It was suggested by Adolf Sauer in 1901.

## Formation

Suevite is thought to form in and around impact craters by the sintering of molten fragments together with unmelted clasts of the country rock. Rocks formed from more completely melted material found in the crater floor are known as tagamites. Suevite is distinct from the pseudotachylite in an impact structure as the latter is thought to have formed by frictional effects within the crater floor and below the crater during the initial compression phase of the impact and the subsequent formation of the central uplift.

## Occurrence

Suevite is one of the diagnostic rock-types for large impact structures. It has been described from many of the larger impact structures identified on earth.
* Nördlinger Ries
* Sudbury Basin
* Popigai impact structure
* Chicxulub crater
* Kara crater
* Gardnos crater
* Suevite from an impact crater at Lahojsk, Belarus
* Greenish suevite from an impact structure at Rochechouart, France
* Suevite from the Manicouagan impact structure, Quebec, Canada
* A thick layer of suevite (light gray) over blocks of Bunte Breccia (here mostly made up of reddish clay)
* Suevite breccia from Sudbury impact event. The largest clast in the lower left center is 9" across.
# Charam

Charam is a 1983 Indian Malayalam film, directed by P. A. Backer and produced by C. H. Khalid. The film stars Prem Nazir and Meena Menon in the lead roles. The film follows the search of a lawyer for his missing daughter in Bombay's red-light district. The film is considered a breakthrough in independent cinema in Malayalam. It has a musical score by G. Devarajan.

## Plot

Barrister James lives with his daughter Preethi following the death of his wife. Preethi feels incredibly lonely and isolated at home since James is very busy with his work. Preethi's only friend is Lily, whom she meets at college.
One day, Preethi goes missing. James soon realises that she has not been attending college for several days. He starts a frantic search for his daughter, but his efforts are in vain until he listens to an audio recording made by his daughter, which inadvertently reveals her relationship with a man named Charlie. James enquires about Charlie but does not get any information. Later, Lily gives James details about Charlie and his photo.
After a few days, Lily receives a letter that says Preethi is in Bombay. James travels to Bombay to search for his daughter. He happens to see a nude picture of Preethi on the cover of a fashion magazine. In disguise as a magazine owner in Kerala, James befriends a nude photographer named Desai to know more about Preethi's whereabouts, but he does not get much information. However, he discovers that Charlie was friends with a photographer named Gopan and tracks him down. Gopan denies having taken Preethi's nude cover photo, but he does reveal where Charlie lives. James confronts Charlie, who tells him that Preethi is no longer with him and has become a sex worker in the city's red-light district.
James goes to Red Street in search of his daughter, but it takes several attempts before he is able to find her. With the help of a Malayali man, James rescues Preethi by paying off the brothel owner. The last shot of the film shows Preethi and James in the backseat of the car, surrounded by several sex workers laughing at them.

## Cast

* Prem Nazir as James
* Meena Menon as Preethi
* Urmila as Lily
* Hari
* Cochin Haneefa
* Manju George
* Bindulekha
* Chandraji
* Chaplin
* Jagannatha Varma as S. P. Sahadevan
* Kalyanikkutty Amma
* Sadhana
* Valsala
* Mookambika B. Nair
* Siddiq
* G A Jose
* Sukumaran

## Soundtrack

The film's music was composed by G. Devarajan. A version of the song "Man Mohanaa Bade Jhoote" from the Hindi film Seema is used in the film.
| No. | Song | Singers | Lyrics | Music |
| 1 | "Man Mohanaa Bade Jhoote" (Resung from Hindi film Seema) | P. Madhuri | Shailendra | Shankar Jaikishan |

## Reception

The film attained critical appreciation but was not a commercial success. Nevertheless, the film is considered a breakthrough in independent cinema in Malayalam. Most of Backer's films won big at Kerala State Film Awards and National Film Awards. However, Backer refused to send Charam to be considered for any award because he objected to the addition of some sex sequences and unwanted scenes in the film eying commercial benefit.
# Henri Jean Baptiste Anatole Leroy-Beaulieu

Henri Jean Baptiste Anatole Leroy-Beaulieu (French pronunciation:; February 12, 1842 – June 16, 1912) was a French publicist and historian born at Lisieux, Calvados. He specialized in writing about the history of Russia.

## Biography

In 1866 he published Une troupe de comédiens, and afterwards Essai sur la restoration de nos monuments historiques devant l'art et devant le budget, which deals particularly with the restoration of the cathedral of Évreux. He visited Russia in order to collect documents on the political and economic organization of the Slavic nations, and on his return published in the Revue des deux mondes (1882–1889) a series of articles, which appeared shortly afterwards in book form under the title L'Empire des tsars et les Russes (4th ed., revised in 3 vols., 1897–1898). The work entitled Un empereur, un roi, un pope, une restauration, published in 1879, was an analysis and criticism of the politics of the Second French Empire. Un homme d'état russe (1884) gave the history of the emancipation of the serfs by Alexander II.
Other works are Les Catholiques libéraux, l'église et la libéralisme (1890), La Papauté, le socialisme at la démocracie (1892), Les Juifs et l'Antisémitisme; Israël chez les Nations (1893), Les Arméniens et la question arménienne (1896), L'Antisémitisme (1897), Etudes russes et européennes (1897). These writings, mainly collections of articles and lectures intended for the general public, display enlightened views and wide information.
In 1881 Leroy-Beaulieu was elected professor of contemporary history and eastern affairs at the École Libre des Sciences Politiques, becoming director of this institution on the death of Albert Sorel in 1906, and in 1887 he became a member of the Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques.
Leroy-Beaulieu's works that have been translated into English include:
* Doctrines of Hatred, Part I: Anti-Semitism, by Richard Robinson (2023) (From Les Doctrines de haine, l’antisémitisme, l’antiprotestantisme, l’anticléricalisme, Paris, Calmann-Lévy, 1902)
* Empire of the Tsars and the Russians, by Zénaïde Alexeïevna Ragozin (New York City, 1893–1896)
* Israel among the Nations: A Study of the Jews and Antisemitism, by F. Hellman (1895)
* Jewish Immigrants in Early 1900s America, by S. Capsuto (2016)
* Papacy, Socialism, Democracy, by B. L. O'Donnell (1892)
Also see W. E. H. Lecky, Historical and Political Essays (1908).
His brother, Pierre Paul Leroy-Beaulieu (1843–1916), was a notable French economist.
# Oxborough Dirk

The Oxborough Dirk is a large ceremonial weapon or dirk from the Middle Bronze Age. One of only six such objects across Europe, it was found in a rural part of the county of Norfolk, England in the 1980s and is now part of the British Museum's prehistoric collection.

## Discovery

It was found by chance in 1988 protruding from a peat bog near Oxborough, Norfolk, where it had been deposited point down. A walker had discovered it in woods near the village by accidentally tripping up on the base of the sword. Six years after its discovery, the sword was purchased by the British Museum with the support of the National Art Collections Fund.

## Rare find

The Oxborough find is one of only six large dirks known in north-west Europe, though excessively large versions of other types of objects from this era are also recorded. The six are so similar that they may have been made in the same workshop, in which case this one could have been imported in to Britain from the continent. The six almost identical swords have been found across three countries in western Europe: two in France, two in the Netherlands and two in England. All six of these very rare swords are labelled the Plougrescant–Ommerschans type, after two of the sites from where they were found.
The others were discovered in Beaune and Jutphaas and a second in Norfolk. The Beaune example is also in the British Museum's collection. The second Norfolk example is in the collection of Norwich Castle Museum and was found in East Rudham.

## Description

The Oxborough Dirk is dated to between 1450–1300 BC and measures 70.9 centimetres (27.9 in) long with a mass of 2.37 kilograms (5.2 lb), making it "ridiculously large and unwieldy" and clearly never intended for practical use, which the lack of holes on the hilt for fitting a handle also demonstrates. It was probably either a votive offering or a store of value that could be retrieved at a later time. It is currently on display in Room 50 at the British Museum.

## Gallery

* The Plougrescant Dirk in the Musee des Antiquites Nationales, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France
* Jutphaas Dirk in the National Museum of Antiquities in Leiden
* Detail of the hilt from the Oxborough Dirk
* Ommerschans Dirk in the National Museum of Antiquities in Leiden
* Dirks from Kimberley, Oxborough, Plougrescant, Beaune and East Rudham respectively in The World of Stonehenge exhibition, British Museum (2022)
* The Rudham Dirk was discovered in 2002
# Sophronica kochi

Sophronica kochi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1981.
# Halblech (river)

Halblech is a river of Bavaria, Germany. It flows into the Lech near Prem.
# Cucullanus gymnothoracis

Cucullanus gymnothoracis is a species of parasitic nematodes. It is an endoparasite of the lipspot moray Gymnothorax chilospilus. The species has been described in 2018 by František Moravec & Jean-Lou Justine from material collected off New Caledonia in the South Pacific Ocean.
Cucullanus gymnothoracis was considered somewhat similar to Cucullanus austropacificus, but differs from this species in the absence of cervical alae and the posterior cloacal outgrowth, in the shape and size of the anterior cloacal outgrowth and shorter spicules 1.12 mm long.