OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dagger-axe

The dagger-axe (Chinese: 戈; pinyin: gē; Wade–Giles: ko) is a type of polearm that was in use from the Longshan culture until the Han dynasty in China. It consists of a dagger-shaped blade, mounted by its tang to a perpendicular wooden shaft. The earliest dagger-axe blades were made of stone. Later versions used bronze. Jade versions were also made for ceremonial use. There is a variant type with a divided two-part head, consisting of the usual straight blade and a scythe-like blade.

## History

The dagger-axe was the first weapon in Chinese history that was not also a dual-use tool for hunting (such as the bow and arrow) or agriculture. Lacking a point for thrusting, the dagger-axe was used in the open where there was enough room to swing its long shaft. Its appearance on the Chinese battlefield predated the use of chariots and the later dominance of tightly packed infantry formations.
During the Zhou dynasty, the ji or Chinese halberd gradually became more common on the battlefield. The ji was developed from the dagger-axe by adding a spear head to the top of the shaft, thereby enabling the weapon to be used with a thrusting motion as well as a swinging motion. Later versions of the ji, starting in the Spring and Autumn period, combined the dagger-axe blade and spear head into a single piece.
By the Han dynasty, the more versatile ji had completely replaced the dagger-axe as a standard infantry weapon. The ji was later replaced by the spear as the primary polearm of the Chinese military. By the Warring States period, large masses of infantry fighting in close ranks using the spear or ji had displaced the small groups of aristocrats on foot or mounted in chariots who had previously dominated the battlefield.

## Archaeology

Many excavated dagger-axes are ceremonial jade weapons found in the tombs of aristocrats. These examples are often found within coffins, possibly meant to serve as emblems of authority and power, or in some other ritualistic capacity. Sometimes they are found in a pit dug beneath a coffin, with a victim who was sacrificed to guard the tomb, where they presumably are intended to keep the spirit-guard armed. Normally only the head of a dagger-axe is found, with the shaft absent because of either decomposition or mechanical removal. Although the jade examples do not appear to have been intended for use in actual combat, their morphology closely imitates that of the battle-ready bronze version, including a sharp central ridge which reinforces the blade. Some dagger-axe artifacts are small and curved and could have been intended for use as pendants.

## Gallery

* Stone dagger-axe head excavated in Hong Kong
* Dagger-axe (ge), Warring States
* Jade dagger axe, Warring States
* Triple dagger-axe, Warring States
* Scythed dagger-axe, Warring States
* Han dynasty dagger-axe
* Jinsha Jade Dagger-axe
# Saigini

Saigini is a tribe of artiodactyl mammals of the Bovidae family, subfamily Antilopinae, comprising two species of medium-sized antelopes that inhabit the Eurasian steppes.

## Taxonomy
### Description

The tribe was created in 1945 by the American paleontologist and theoretical biologist George Gaylord Simpson. According to the Simpson classification the tribe comprises two monospecific genera:
* Tribus Saigini
** Genus Pantholops
*** Pantholops hodgsonii
** Genus Saiga
*** Saiga tatarica

### A controversial taxonomy

Saiga and Pantholops are problematic genera in taxonomy. Saiga was traditionally classified as a member of the tribe Saigini, within the subfamily Caprinae but some authors suggested that the genus Saiga was closer to the subfamily Antilopinae. In 2000 Groves analyzed the morphological characters of Procapra, Prodorcas and Saiga, and proposed three basal groups of Antilopinae, one of which included a clade Saiga + Procapra.
The genus Panthalops is monotypic (P. hodgsonii), and is sometimes included in the tribe Saigini on the basis of similar morphological features, most of which are plesiomorphic. However, molecular and morphological findings suggest that Pantholops hodgsonii should be classified more correctly in the subfamily Caprinae, but the status of the Tibetan gazelle in this subfamily remains uncertain. Data gathered in the 1990s on cytochrome b and small portions of 12S and 16S ribosomal genes suggested phylogenetic affinities of Saiga and Procapra with Antilopinae. However, these studies did not clarify the close relationships within this clade. Given this uncertainty, some authors suggested that the Saigini taxon should be abandoned. Genetic studies in the 21st century supported this idea, placing the saiga with the gazelles in the Antilopini tribe.
# Wilhelm Wisser

Wilhelm Wisser (27 August 1843 in Klenzau (Ostholstein district) – 13 October 1935 in Oldenburg) was a German teacher and dialectologist. He is remembered as a collector of Low German legends and fairy tales.
He took classical studies at the Universities of Kiel and Leipzig, obtaining his doctorate in 1869 with a thesis on the ancient poet Tibullus, "Quaestiones Tibullianae". Beginning in 1877, he taught classes at the Mariengymnasium in Jever. From 1887 to 1902, he was a senior instructor in Eutin, afterwards teaching classes at the gymnasium in Oldenburg (1902–1908).
While working as a schoolteacher in Eutin and Oldenburg, he compiled Low German fairy tales by conducting interviews with numerous individuals. From 1898 to 1909, he interviewed in the region between the cities of Fehmarn and Lübeck, approximately 230 men and women, mostly elderly and rural persons, who still had recollections of the old tales. These stories were then edited and published by Wisser.
Today he is commemorated by a thoroughfare in Lübeck, (Wilhelm-Wisser-Weg) and by a junior high school in Eutin (Wilhelm-Wisser-Realschule).

## Selected works

* Wat Grotmoder vertellt : ostholsteinische Volksmärchen, 1904 – "Wat Grotmoder vertellt". Ostholstein folk tales; Reprint 1921, 3 volumes.
* Plattdeutsche Volksmärchen; Ausgabe für Erwachsene, 1913–1922 – Low German folk tales; Issue for adults...
* Auf der Märchensuche : die Entstehung meiner Märchensammlung, 1926 – In the search for fairy tales; the development of my collection of fairy tales.
# James Longmire

James Longmire (c. 1820 – 1897) was an American explorer and settler. He led the first wagon train on the Naches Trail across the Cascades Range at Naches Pass in 1853, and then settled on Yelm Prairie within view of Mount Rainier. His homestead became a popular stop on the way to the mountain, and he farmed and worked as a guide and surveyor. In 1883 he climbed Mount Rainier, and found a series of geothermal springs near its base. Those springs were the foundation of the Longmire Hotel and health spa he built, which at its peak had 12 rooms, which is now included in the Mount Rainier National Park, and also known as Longmire, Washington. He died 15 September 1897, in Tacoma. The town of Longmire, Washington within Mount Rainier National Park is named after him, as are Longmire Meadows in both Pierce and Kittitas counties, and a defunct post office.
Prior to his death, a narrative was recorded by James Longmire, detailing the experiences of the journey west, and experiences in the Puget Sound country. The narrative provides his first-person account of the experiences of traveling across the plains, buffalo hunting, and often relied on Native Americans to assist in fording live stock across the various rivers. He also recounts the armed conflict between the settlers and Puget Sound Indians, and his involvement in assisting a Nisqually Chief in making peace.
# Kevin O'Connell (politician)

Kevin J. M. O'Connell is an American politician who has served as a member of the Maine House of Representatives since 2020. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

## Career

O'Connell has been an Emera Maine lineworker for over thirty years. He was also a member of the Maine Air National Guard for twenty-four years, and his service included time in Iraq. O'Connell is a member of IBEW Local #1837.

### Politics

O'Connell served as mayor of Brewer, Maine in 2013 and 2017. He also served on the Brewer city council and school board at various times.
O'Connell ran in a special election for the 128th district in the Maine House of Representatives to fill the remainder of Democrat Arthur Verow's term, who had died on December 19, 2019, of a heart attack. He won the election, held on March 3, 2020, against Republican Garrel Craig, a former member of the House who had previously held that seat from 2016–2018. O'Connell defeated Craig in a rematch for the regularly-scheduled 2020 election.
In 2022, O'Connell ran in the redrawn 20th district, narrowly winning another term against Republican Jennifer Morin.
In the legislature, O'Connell has advocated for restricting the practice of child marriage in Maine. He first introduced a bill to restrict child marriage in 2021, though it failed to pass the Maine Senate. In 2023, he again introduced legislation to raise the marriage age to 18, but the bill was modified to only raise the age to 17 before being passed by both chambers. O'Connell has stated that he would like to eventually see the age raised to 18.

## Personal life

O'Connell is a lifelong resident of Brewer, Maine.

## Electoral history

2020 Maine's 128th House of Representatives district special election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Kevin O'Connell | 1,404 | 57.99 |
| | Republican | Garrel Craig | 1,017 | 42.01 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 2,421 | 100.0 |
2020 Maine's 128th House of Representatives district Democratic primary :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Kevin O'Connell (incumbent) | 728 | 100.0 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 728 | 100.0 |
2020 Maine's 128th House of Representatives district election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Kevin O'Connell (incumbent) | 2,598 | 54.89 |
| | Republican | Garrel Craig | 2,135 | 45.11 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 4,733 | 100.0 |
2022 Maine's 20th House of Representatives district Democratic primary :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Kevin O'Connell (incumbent) | 205 | 100.0 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 205 | 100.0 |
2022 Maine's 20th House of Representatives district election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Kevin O'Connell (incumbent) | 2,057 | 50.65 |
| | Republican | Jennifer Morin | 2,004 | 49.35 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 4,061 | 100.0 |
# Betta ibanorum

Betta ibanorum (commonly known as the Iban fightingfish) is a species of gourami endemic to southern Sarawak in Malaysia. The species name ibanorum was named after the Iban people, the largest group of people in the Sarawak (it means "of the Iban"). This species is a mouthbrooder, and grows to a length of 8.1 centimetres (3.2 in) SL.
# Michel De Maegd

Michel De Maegd (born 10 September 1969) is a Belgian politician of the Reformist Movement serving as a member of the Chamber of Representatives since 2019. Until 2019, he worked as a journalist for RTL-TVI.
# Gelre Armorial

The Gelre Armorial (Dutch: Wapenboek Gelre) is a medieval armorial.

## History

The armorial was compiled before 1396 by one Claes Heinenzoon (or Heynen, fl. 1345−1414) who was a herald in the service of the Duke of Guelders and also the creator of the Beyeren Armorial. The book displays some 1,800 coats-of-arms from all over Europe, in color, and is one of the most important sources for medieval heraldry.
The Gelre Armorial manuscript is nowadays preserved in the Royal Library of Belgium (signature code ms. 15652-5). A copy from around 1500, produced by Cornelis Enghebrechtsz, is preserved in the library of Hoge Raad van Adel [nl]. This version, however, only contains 1400 arms. From 1880 to 1905, Victor Bouton produced 60 copies with hand-colored arms, of which only 45 were sold.

### Earliest known colour depiction of the Danish Flag

The book also contains the oldest known depiction linking the Danish king to the red flag with white cross. On folio page 55v of the armorial, behind the sinister horn is a lance tip with a banner, displaying a white cross on red. The text left of the coat of arms says die coninc van denmarke ("the king of Denmark"). This is the earliest known coloured image of the Dannebrog (Danish flag).
# Greg Babinec

Gregory P. Babinec (born June 24, 1962) is an American politician who served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 33rd district from 2016 to 2018. In 2018 he ran for re-election but was defeated in the Republican primary.

## Political career

Babinec ran for the District 33 seat for the Oklahoma House of Representatives in 2016 as a Republican. His two main opponents were Caryl Talley, running as a Democrat; and Erin Adams, running as a Libertarian. In the general election, he won with 7594 (52.2%) votes. The main theme of his campaign was to differentiate himself from the other candidates, saying "I'm not a lawyer or a career politician. I'm a businessman [...] I come from a small town and I’m proud of that fact." He claimed that this background made him the ideal candidate to fix the state's budget, grow the economy, and improve the educational system.
While in office, he sponsored four bills: HB 1496, pertaining to economic relief for rural small business owners; HB 1497, which would make adjustments to, and prove exemptions for, taxable income; HB 1498, a proposed amendment to a previous bill from 2011 which "relates to scope, organization and definitions; clarifying language; and providing an effective date."; and HB 1499, pertaining to transferring assets from one governmental organization to another. All four bills died in committee and none were passed into law. He also served on the public safety, appropriations & budget, general government oversight and accountability, and judiciary committees.
Babinec ran for re-election in 2018. In the Republican primary election held on June 26 he received 1502 votes (25.86%), losing to John Talley.

## Personal life

Babinec was born in 1962 to Gene and Victoria Babinec (née Simpson). His first job was at McDonald's, where he started in 1978 and was promoted to manager before taking on a corporate role for the company. In 1995, he moved to Oklahoma, and purchased his first McDonald's franchise location shortly thereafter. In subsequent years, he purchased two additional locations in Cushing and the surrounding area.
Babinec met his wife Shanda while they were coworkers at McDonald's. They were married c. 1985 and have two children.
# Gjegnalundsbreen

The Gjegnalundsbreen glacier is located in Vestland county, Norway. The 13-square-kilometre (5.0 sq mi) glacier sits on the borders of the municipalities of Bremanger and Gloppen. The glacier sits on the eastern side of the 1,670-metre (5,480 ft) tall mountain Blånibba, inside the Ålfotbreen landscape protection area which also includes the nearby Ålfotbreen glacier. The Nordfjorden and Hyefjorden are located just north and east of the glacier. The village of Hyen lies about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) south of the fjord.
# Michael Webert

Michael J. Webert (born September 24, 1979) is an American politician. A Republican, he was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates in 2011. He currently represents the 61st district, made up of Rappahannock County and parts of Culpeper and Fauquier, in the north central part of the state.

## Early life, education, and business career

A native of Denver, Colorado, Webert graduated from the Kent School in Kent, Connecticut in 1998. After moving to Virginia, he received a B.A. in Communications from George Mason University in 2010.
He is the general manager of Locust Hill Farm, LLC, a cattle farm near Middleburg, Virginia. He also owns a cattle marketing business.
Webert married Rebecca Funkhouser. They have two sons and live outside of Warrenton.

## Political career

The 18th House district incumbent, Republican Clay Athey of Front Royal, did not run for re-election in 2011 following redistricting that radically altered the map of the district. The following year, the General Assembly appointed Athey a circuit court judge.
In 2011, Webert won the Republican primary with 56.4% of the vote, defeating Kevin P. Kelley of Warrenton with 2,016 votes to Kelley's 1,556. He then won the general election with 69.6% of the vote, defeating Democratic candidate Bob L. Zwick of The Plains. He received 9,749 votes while Zwick received 4,264.
In 2013, Webert won reelection with 63.3% of the vote, defeating Democratic nominee Colin S. Harris, a 22-year-old aerospace executive from Orlean, in the general election. He received 15,549 votes while Harris received 8,979 votes, or 36.5% of the vote. This was (and remains, as of 2019) the strongest Democratic performance in the strongly Republican 18th district since 2001, when Peter B. Schwartz of Marshall won 37.3% of the vote in a three-way race against Athey and independent candidate Jerry M. Wood of Warrenton (who had previously served one term in the House of Delegates as a Democrat from 1992 to 1994).
Webert ran unopposed in the 2015 election, winning 96.9% of the vote.
In the 2017 election, Webert won his fourth term in the House of Delegates, defeating Democratic candidate Tristan D. Shields, a musician from Rixeyville, and Green Party candidate Wilton King, a retired Marine and federal air marshal from Bealeton. He received 16,686 votes while Shields received 9,486 and King received 1,433.
# John Landon (Michigan politician)

John Landon (November 9, 1833 – March 13, 1871) was a Michigan politician.

## Early life

John Landon was on November 9, 1833 in Cayuga County, New York born to parents Hermon (also spelled Harmon) and Betsey Landon. John, along with his father's family, moved to Springport, Michigan in 1835.

## Career and death

On November 8, 1864, Landon was elected to the Michigan House of Representatives where he represented the Jackson County 3rd district from January 4, 1865 to December 31, 1866. On November 4, 1870, Landon was again elected to the state house where he represented the same district until his death in office on March 13, 1871. Landon was interred at Campbell Cemetery in Parma, Michigan. His funeral was attended by eight fellow representatives who served as pallbearers. Also attending his funeral was the clerk of the state house, and the speaker of the state house, Jonathan J. Woodman.
# Roe Emery

Lereaux William Emery (October 31, 1874 – February 4, 1953) was an American businessman who owned many transportation companies and lodges, and expanded tourism into the National Parks. Roe Emery was known as "the Father of Colorado Tourism".
Emery raised sheep in White Sulfur Springs, Montana. In 1914, he was one of two principals of the Glacier National Park tour buses called Red Jammers, the first authorized motor vehicles in the National Park system. The Grand Lake Lodge, built in 1920, was purchased by Emery in 1923 and was the start of lodging acquisitions, becoming a stop on his Rocky Mountains Circle Tours. He owned The Stanley Hotel from 1930 to 1946.
Emery was president of the National Western Stock Show.
Emery's son, Walt Emery, was part of the family business and later was a co-founder of the Denver Broncos. His grandson was Mark Udall, a United States Senator from Colorado.
# WMF

WMF may refer to:

## Organisations

* Wikimedia Foundation, a non-profit foundation that supports the Wikimedia movement projects, including Wikipedia
* Windhoeker Maschinenfabrik, a Namibian armoured vehicle producer
* Women and Memory Forum, a women's rights organisation based in Egypt
* World Minifootball Federation, an authority of minifootball
* World Minigolfsport Federation, a federation of miniature golf associations
* World Monuments Fund, an international historic preservation organization
* WMF Group, a German tableware manufacturer

## Computing

* Windows Metafile, an image file format originally designed for Microsoft Windows
* Windows Media Foundation

## Media

* The Wise Man's Fear, 2011 fantasy novel by Patrick Rothfuss
# Sophronica kivuensis

Sophronica kivuensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1940.
# Roberto Blanco (footballer)

Roberto Blanco (26 November 1938 – 19 March 2011) was an Argentine footballer who competed in the 1960 Summer Olympics. Blanco died on 19 March 2011, at the age of 72.
# Julie Farrell-Ovenhouse

Julie Farrell-Ovenhouse (born August 23, 1968) is an American diver. She competed in the women's 3 metre springboard event at the 1992 Summer Olympics. She has been described as "the greatest diver, male or female, to ever come through Michigan State".

## Biography

Farrell-Ovenhouse was born in Lansing, Michigan in 1968, and grew up in Holt, Michigan. She competed for Michigan State University, becoming a six-time All-American champion, along with ten Big Ten Conference titles. At the Big Ten meet, she became the champion in the 1-metre springboard and the 3-metre springboard events in the late 1980s and early 1990s. She replicated the feat, by becoming the 1-metre and 3-metre NCAA champion in 1990 and 1991 respectively. In 1990, Farrell-Ovenhouse was named the NCAA Diver of the Year and the Michigan State Sportswoman of the Year. The following year, she was also named the Big Ten Athlete of the Year.
Farrell-Ovenhouse had been a member of the United States national team since 1989. Her performances at the 1992 National Championships earned her a place on the US Olympic team. At the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, she competed in the women's 3 metre springboard event, finishing in fifth place, with a dive that passed dangerously close to the board, as her hair brushed against it. After missing out on a medal, Farrell-Ovenhouse said that she "went for it in the end" and that she "would have regretted if I didn't go hard".
Following the Olympics, Farrell-Ovenhouse was inducted into the Greater Lansing Area Sports Hall of Fame, and the Michigan State Sports Hall of Fame. She also went on to speak at board meetings at Michigan State University regarding budget cuts in their swimming and diving programs.
# Entity (disambiguation)

An entity is something that exists as itself.
Entity may also refer to:

## Arts and entertainment
### Film and television

* Entity (2012 film), a British supernatural thriller
* Entity (2014 film), an English-language French sci-fi horror short
* "Entity" (Stargate SG-1), a 2001 American sci-fi television episode

### Music

* Entities (album), a 2007 album by Malefice
* Entity (album), a 2011 album by Origin
* Entity (EP), a 2024 EP by Cha Eun-woo
* Entity (netlabel), a Belgian label specialising in experimental electronic music

### Other uses in arts and entertainment

* "Entity" (short story), a 1949 science fiction story
* Entity FX, a visual effects company
* Life Entity, a fictional creature in DC comics

## Specific uses of entity
### In the humanities

* Legal entity, a body holding rights and obligations
* Non-physical entity, in philosophy
** Spirit (vital essence), in folklore and religion
* Political entity (or polity), in geopolitics and society

### In computing

* Entity (computer science), a user-relevant virtual object with an identity independent of change to its attributes
** Entities (or the entity class) in the entity–relationship model, a conceptual model for data which can be used to design and create relational databases
*** Enhanced entity–relationship model or extended entity–relationship model, a high-level or conceptual data model for design of databases incorporating extensions to the original entity–relationship model
** Entity–control–boundary, entity–boundary–control or boundary–control–entity, an architectural pattern used in use-case driven object-oriented software design that structures the classes composing a software according to their responsibilities in the use-case realization
* Character entity reference, an XML/HTML escape code for a single typographical character
* SGML entity, a primitive data type in Standard Generalized Markup Language