OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alexander Brunton

Alexander Brunton FRSE FSA (2 October 1772 - 9 February 1854) was a Scottish minister in the Church of Scotland who rose to its highest rank, Moderator of the General Assembly in 1823. He was a noted academic, as Professor of Hebrew and Oriental Languages at the University of Edinburgh.

## Life

He was born on 2 October 1772 in Edinburgh the son of John Brunton a stay-maker living at the Bow Head. He was educated at the High School, Edinburgh. He had no formal university training but was licensed by the Presbytery of Linlithgow to preach for the Church of Scotland in 1796.
In 1797 he became minister of Bolton, East Lothian east of Edinburgh. In 1803 he was translated to New Greyfriars back in Edinburgh. In 1809 he moved to the Tron Kirk on the Royal Mile in Edinburgh in replacement of Rev Andrew Hunter of Barjarg.
In 1813 he was made Professor of Hebrew and Oriental Languages at the University of Edinburgh serving in this role until 1847. The University appointed him University Librarian in 1822 and he served in this role until death. He was awarded an honorary Doctor of Divinity (DD) by the University in December 1814.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1814. His proposers were George Dunbar, Macvey Napier, Rev David Ritchie and Alexander Christison.
In 1814 he is noted as sitting on the Committee of the Caledonian Horticultural Society, alongside Francis Jeffrey, Lord Jeffrey and Henry Cockburn, Lord Cockburn.
He was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1821. He was elected Moderator of the General Assembly in 1823. He was convenor of the Indian Mission Committee from that year. He retired in 1847 due to ill health. In his final years in Edinburgh (his wife being dead) he had lived in rooms at Old College.
He died in Coupar Angus on 9 February 1854. He is buried with Mary in the Canongate Kirkyard in edinburgh. The grave lies midway along the western boundary wall. His position at the Tron was filled by Rev Maxwell Nicholson.

## Family

In December 1798 he was married to the eminent author Mary Balfour.
In 1818 his wife Mary died during childbirth. The child was still-born. At this time they lived at 35 Albany Street in Edinburgh's New Town.

## Artistic recognition

Brunton was sketched shaking hands with the Rev John Hunter by John Kay.
His portrait by John Watson Gordon is held in the Scottish National Portrait Gallery.

## In fiction

Alexander Brunton features as a character in Sara Sheridan's novel, The Fair Botanists'.

## Publications

* Extracts from the Books of the Old Testament (1814 plus later editions)
* Sermons and Lectures (1818)
* Memoir of Mrs Brunton (1819)
* Outlines of Persian Grammar (1822)
* Sermon Preached on the Death of Dr Inglis (1834)
* Outlines of a Speech for the Commission of an Assembly (1843)
* Forms for Public Worship in the Church of Scotland (1848)
# John Chester (university president)

John Chester (August 17, 1785 – January 12, 1829) was the second president of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.

## Biography

He was born in Wethersfield, Connecticut, in August 1785. He was the son of John and Elizabeth Chester. He graduated from Yale College in 1804. He studied theology under Dr. Joseph Lyman of Hatfield, Massachusetts, and received a license to preach in 1807 from the Hartford Association College. He first preached in several towns in Massachusetts and Connecticut and then moved to New York State, where he first preached in Cooperstown, New York, and between 1810 and 1815, in Hudson, New York. Chester was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Societyin 1814. In 1815, he moved to Albany, New York, where he was pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church. He was a founder and an early president of the Albany Female Academy, which became the Albany Academy for Girls and was also a trustee of The Albany Academy. He received the degree of Doctor of Divinity in 1821 from Union College. He was appointed president of Rensselaer on June 25, 1828. He died in Philadelphia on January 12, 1829.

## Archival collections

The Presbyterian Historical Society in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, has papers related to John Chester in its holdings. The papers include an 1821 letter to J. Romeyn Beck and a letter of introduction for Erastus Colton.
Academic offices :
| Preceded byRev. Dr. Samuel Blatchford | President of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1828 – 1829 | Succeeded byEliphalet Nott |
# John Farmer (author)

John Farmer (June 12, 1789 – August 13, 1838) was an American historian and genealogist, born in Chelmsford, Massachusetts. He was the son of John Farmer and Lydia Richardson. He is buried at Concord, New Hampshire.
Farmer is considered the founder of systematic genealogy in America. Before Farmer's efforts, tracing one's genealogy was seen as an attempt by American colonists to secure a measure of social standing, an aim that was counter to the new republic's egalitarian, future-oriented ethos (as outlined in the Constitution). As Fourth of July celebrations commemorating the Founding Fathers and the heroes of the Revolutionary War became increasingly popular, however, the pursuit of "antiquarianism", which focused on local history, became increasingly acceptable as a way to honor the achievements of early Americans. He was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1819.
Farmer capitalized on the increasing acceptability of antiquarianism to frame genealogy within the early republic's ideological framework of pride in one's American ancestors. He corresponded with other antiquarians in New England, where antiquarianism and genealogy were well established, and became a coordinator, booster, and contributor to the burgeoning movement. In the 1820s, he and fellow antiquarians began to produce genealogical and antiquarian tracts in earnest, slowly gaining a devoted audience among the American people. Though Farmer died in 1839, his efforts led to the creation of the New England Historical and Genealogical Society, which publishes the New England Historical and Genealogical Register. The society is one of New England's oldest and most prominent organizations dedicated to the acquisition, preservation, and dissemination of public records and private monuments that would otherwise have decayed and been forgotten.
In addition to editing the first volume of Belknap's History of New Hampshire (1831), Farmer published a valuable Genealogical Register of the First Settlers of New England (1829); histories of Billerica, Massachusetts, (1816), and Amherst, New Hampshire, (1820), and, in collaboration with J. B. Moore, A Gazetteer of New Hampshire, (1823). His Genealogical Register was revised and significantly extended by James Savage in 1860 to create A Genealogical Dictionary of the First Settlers of New England which is still a popular reference work.
# Albert Samuel Gatschet

Albert Samuel Gatschet (October 3, 1832, Beatenberg, Canton of Bern – March 16, 1907, Washington, D.C.) was a Swiss-American ethnologist who trained as a linguist in the universities of Bern and Berlin. He later moved to the United States and settled there in order to study Native American languages, a field in which he was a pioneer.
In 1877 he became an ethnologist with the US Geological Survey. In 1879 he became a member of the Bureau of American Ethnology, which was part of the Smithsonian Institution. In 1884, he was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society.
Gatschet published his observations of the Karankawa people of Texas. His study of the Klamath people located in present-day Oregon, published in 1890, is recognized as outstanding. In 1902 Gatschet was elected as a member of the American Antiquarian Society, whose members were studying ancient and historic peoples.

## Works

* Albert Samuel Gatschet (1891). The Klamath Indians of Southwestern Oregon: Letter of transmittal. Ethnographic sketch. Texts. Grammar. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 1–. Retrieved 11 April 2013.
# Patrick F. Leahy

Patrick F. Leahy is an American academic administrator serving as the tenth president of Monmouth University. He previously served as the sixth president of Wilkes University from 2012 to 2019.

## Early life and education

Leahy is a native of Towson, Maryland. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in English from Georgetown University, dual master's degrees in business administration and labor relations from Cornell University, and a Doctor of Education from the University of Pennsylvania.

## Career

From 2004 to 2012, Leahy served as the executive vice president of The University of Scranton in Scranton, Pennsylvania. He later served as president of Wilkes University in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania from 2012 to 2019. Since 2019, Leahy has served as the 10th president of Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey.
# Levi Hedge

Levi Hedge (April 19, 1766 – January 3, 1844) was an American educator and professor at Harvard University.

## Early life and education

Hedge was born in Hardwick, Massachusetts. He graduated from Harvard University in 1792. His independent stand against hazing while still a student was instrumental in ridding Harvard of the injustice associated with its "hat law".

## Career

He was a teacher at Westford Academy in Westford, Massachusetts from 1792 to 1794.
In 1795, he was appointed a tutor at Harvard University. In 1805, he was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
In 1810, Hedge became professor of logic and metaphysics. In 1816, he was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society. He published Elements of Logick in 1816, and subsequent editions to it, and was translated into German.
In 1827, he was appointed the Alford professorship of natural religion, moral philosophy, and civil polity. That year, he also prepared an abridgment of Thomas Brown's Mental Philosophy.
An attack of paralysis compelled him to resign from Harvard in 1830.

## Personal life

In 1801, he married Mary Kneeland, with whom he had eight children, including Frederic Henry Hedge, who became a clergyman, transcendentalist, scholar of German literature, and also a Harvard professor.

## Death

He died in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1844.

## Footnotes

* ↑ See Thwing (1879).
* ↑ "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter H" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved August 7, 2014.
* ↑ American Antiquarian Society Members Directory
# Flag of Batak

The Flag of Batak, otherwise known as the Bonang Manalu, is the flag of the Batak people of North Sumatra, Indonesia. It is an equal horizontal tricolour flag, which consists of the colour white, red, and black, the Batak Flag itself has many variations and it does not have an official order of colour, namely:
* Red, white, and black.
* Black, white, and red.
* White, red, and black.

## Symbolism

The Flag of Batak as a symbol is an implementation of the values of the Batak mythology that states: "The world consists of three worlds, the Upper World (Banua Ginjang) where the Gods live which is resembled by white, the Middle World (Banua Tonga) where mortals live which is resembled by red, and the Lower World (Banua Toru) where the spirits and ghosts live which is resembled by black. The Batak Flag also has philosophical meanings which states, white resembles truth, red resembles bravery, and black resembles leadership.

## Uses

The Flag of Batak is used by the Batak people not as a symbol of separatism but a symbol of identity, the flag of Batak can be seen in sacred Batak places, such as Pusuk Buhit.
# Bromus anomalus

Bromus anomalus, commonly known as nodding brome or the Mexican brome, is a species of perennial grass in the family Poaceae. It can be found in US states such as New Mexico and Texas and also in Canadian provinces such as Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan.

## Description

Bromus anomalus grows in tufts with culms 45–75 cm (18–30 in) tall. Its leaf sheaths are pilose, but its ligules are hairless. The surfaces of its leaf blades are rough and scabrous, with hairs on both sides. Its inflorescence is an open, lanceolate panicle growing 10–15 cm (3.9–5.9 in) long. The branches of the panicle are wavy and lightly hairy, with the main branches usually drooping. The spikelets on the panicle are solitary. Fertile spikelets have pedicels, with seven to nine florets. At maturity the spikelets break up and disarticulate below each floret. The glumes are shorter than the spikelets. Both upper and lower glumes are lanceolate and glabrous or slightly hairy.
Bromus anomalus can be distinguished from the similar Bromus porteri by the presence of auricles in B. anomalus, as well as the midribs of its culm leaves narrowing below the collar.

## Distribution and habitat

Bromus anomalus typically grows in temperate areas. Its native range is through Central America to the southern United States, from Panama up to Arizona and Texas.
# Carnotite

Carnotite is a potassium uranium vanadate radioactive mineral with chemical formula K$_2$(UO$_2$)$_2$(VO$_4$)$_2$·3H$_2$O. The water content can vary and small amounts of calcium, barium, magnesium, iron, and sodium are often present.

## Occurrence

Carnotite is a bright greenish-yellow mineral that occurs typically as crusts and flakes in sandstones. Amounts as low as one percent will color the sandstone a bright yellow. The high uranium content makes carnotite an important uranium ore. It is a secondary vanadium and uranium mineral usually found in sedimentary rocks in arid climates.
In the United States it is an important ore of uranium in the Colorado Plateau region of the United States where it occurs as disseminations in sandstone and concentrations around petrified logs. It also occurs in the U.S. states of Wyoming, Colorado, South Dakota, Nevada, Arizona, and Utah. It also occurs incidentally in Grants, New Mexico, and Carbon County, Pennsylvania.
Carnotite is reported in Congo (Kinshasa), Morocco, Australia (Radium Hill) and Kazakhstan. In Pakistan carnotite occurs in the Upper Miocene middle Siwaliks sandstone (Dhokpathan Formation), in the vicinity of Takhat Nasrati, Karak District.

## Name and discovery

The mineral was first described in 1899 by French scientists M. M. C. Freidel and E. Cumenge, who identified it in specimens from Roc Creek in Montrose County, Colorado, United States. It is named for Marie Adolphe Carnot (1839–1920), French mining engineer and chemist.

## Uses

Carnotite is an ore of uranium. At times in the early 20th century, it was mined primarily for radium or vanadium.
The mineral was used to produce quack devices involving radioactive substances.

## Related mineral species

Several related mineral species exist, including: margaritasite ((Cs,K,H$_3$O)$_2$(UO$_2$)(VO$_4$)$_2$·H$_2$O) and tyuyamunite, (Ca(UO$_2$)$_2$(VO$_4$)$_2$·5-8H$_2$O).
# Bromus arizonicus

Bromus arizonicus is a species of annual brome grass known by the common name Arizona brome.
It is native to the Southwestern United States, California, and Baja California, where it grows in many types of grassy valley and desert habitat.

## Description

It is an annual grass growing 30 to 70 centimetres (12 to 28 in) tall with an open, branching inflorescence in the form of a panicle. The primary branches of the panicle are appressed. Its spikelets are solitary, and fertile spikelets have pedicels. The spikelets are flat and hairy, with five to eight florets; the spikelets break up at maturity and disarticulate below the fertile florets. The glumes are shorter than the spikelets and thinner than fertile lemmas. Both upper and lower glumes are lanceolate, and both are hairless or only have very fine hairs. The lemmas are 9 to 14 mm (3⁄8 to 1⁄2 in) long and have seven prominent veins. The awns are 6 to 13 mm (1⁄4 to 1⁄2 in). Its anthers are about 0.4 mm (1⁄32 in) long, which suggests that most of its seeds are produced by self-fertilization.

## Distribution and habitat

Bromus arizonicus is native to the American southwest and northwestern Mexico, occurring in the United States from California and Nevada east to Texas, and in Mexico in Baja California. It prefers dry, open areas and disturbed grounds at elevations lower than 2,000 m (6,600 ft) feet.
# Anne Tanqueray

Anne Tanqueray née Willaume (1691–1733) was an English silversmith, active from 1724–1733.

## Early life

Anne Tanqueray was born in 1691 to David Willaume I, a prominent Huguenot silversmith, who had come to London from France in 1685.

## Career

Tanqueray's husband established a workshop, and it is likely that Tanqueray created items bearing her husband's mark. Upon her husband's death, after 1724, she took over his business and she entered two marks (Sterling and New Standard) in the register at Goldsmiths' Hall. Her marks appeared alongside her husband's original 1713 mark, with his name being struck through and hers written above, as opposed to a new entry, which was custom for a widow. This appears to be the only instance in which this happened.
As a female silversmith in the 18th century, Tanqueray would have had the opportunity to produce her own work and oversee skilled journeymen. Tanqueray's workshop was noted for its high level of excellence and in 1729 it became Subordinate Goldsmith to the King.

## Personal life

In 1717, she married David Tanqueray, her father's apprentice; they had two sons.

## Death

Tanqueray died in 1733 and was buried in Tingrith on 25 July that year.

## Legacy

Examples of Tanqueray's work can be found at Temple Newsam, Huguenot Museum in Rochester, Kent, Victoria and Albert Museum, Amgueddfa Cymru – Museum Wales, Welbeck Abbey, and the Clark Art Institute collections.
# Manuel Moreno (politician)

Manuel Moreno (Buenos Aires, 1782 – íb., 1857) was an Argentine politician, brother of Mariano Moreno. He was one of the founders of the Federal Party in the province of Buenos Aires.

## Biography

Manuel Moreno was born in Buenos Aires in 1781, and studied at "Real Colegio de San Carlos". He started to work in the colonial government by 1800, and joined his brother Mariano Moreno in his mission to London. However, Mariano died on board the ship, which inspired Manuel to write a biography of his life. He wrote them quickly, in order to be able to publish them in London, and used it as a force to promote the Revolution in Europe.
He returned in 1813, and was appointed as state secretary by the Second Triumvirate. In 1817, he was jailed and banished to the United States, where he graduated in medicine at the Maryland university. He returned in 1821 and worked in the Public Library, and it is believed that he was the first person to teach about chemistry in Buenos Aires.
Later, he joined the Legislature, where he held his position for a number of terms. He represented the Banda Oriental in the Constitutional Assembly of 1824, and supported the enactment of a federalist government. Moreno was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1825. He moved to England and Juan Manuel de Rosas appointed him as minister plenipotentiary in 1832. He wrote many formal complaints to the British over Argentinian claims to the Falkland Islands after 1833, which were rejected by the British government. He returned to Buenos Aires in 1853, dying four years later.
# Quebec Route 216

Route 216 is a two-lane east/west highway in Quebec, Canada, which starts in Sainte-Catherine-de-Hatley in the Estrie region at the junction of Route 108 and ends in Sainte-Perpétue in Chaudière-Appalaches at the junction of Route 204.
Route 216 follows mostly a northeast/southwest course, and it is not a busy highway as it mostly links small villages between themselves in the backroads of the Appalachians. The only two major towns along the way are Sherbrooke and Sainte-Marie. Between Ham-Nord (junction with Route 161) and Saint-Jacques-le-Majeur-de-Wolfestown (junction with Route 263), the road is unpaved.

## Municipalities along Route 216

* Sainte-Catherine-de-Hatley
* Sherbrooke
* Stoke
* Saint-Camille
* Wotton
* Saint-Adrien
* Ham-Nord
* Saint-Jacques-le-Majeur-de-Wolfestown
* Saint-Julien
* Irlande
* Saint-Adrien-d'Irlande
* Saint-Jean-de-Brébeuf
* Kinnear's Mills
* Saint-Jacques-de-Leeds
* Saint-Sylvestre
* Saint-Elzéar
* Sainte-Marie
* Sainte-Marguerite
* Saint-Malachie
* Saint-Nazaire-de-Dorchester
* Notre-Dame-Auxiliatrice-du-Buckland
* Saint-Philémon
* Saint-Paul-de-Montminy
* Sainte-Apolline-de-Patton
* Saint-Marcel
* Sainte-Félicité
* Sainte-Perpétue
* Route 216 in Mont-Bellevue borough, Sherbrooke.
* Route 216 through downtown Sherbrooke.
* Route 216 is the main road to Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke.
* Route 216 in Stoke.
* Route 216 in Saint-Jacques-de-Leeds.
* Principale street in à Saint-Sylvestre.
* Route 216 in Sainte-Félicité.
* Route 216 in Saint-Marcel.
# Saldoida cornuta

Saldoida cornuta is a species of shore bug in the family Saldidae. It is found in North America.
# Beau Mundine

Beau Mundine is an Australian professional rugby league footballer. He played for the South Sydney Rabbitohs in the National Rugby League competition. His position of choice was in the centres.

## Playing career

Mundine is the younger cousin of the rugby league footballer turned boxer Anthony Mundine and nephew of the boxer Tony Mundine. A St. George junior, he made his NRL debut for the South Sydney Rabbitohs as a 21-year-old in 2002 against the Wests Tigers at Leichhardt Oval. In 2004 he signed for the Canberra Raiders and continued his NRL career with them although he never made a first grade appearance for the club.
In 2006, he was playing for the St. George Illawarra Dragons which was his last year in the NRL. He made no first grade appearances for St. George Illawarra.

## Career highlights

* Junior Club: Moore Park Magpies
* First Grade Record: two appearances
# Enrique Villaplana

Enrique Villaplana (7 March 1914 – 16 May 1983) was a Spanish racewalker. He competed in the men's 50 kilometres walk at the 1948 Summer Olympics.
# Lance Clemons

Lance Levis Clemons (July 6, 1947 – January 22, 2008) was an American left-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Kansas City Royals (1971), St. Louis Cardinals (1972) and Boston Red Sox (1974).
Clemons was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was traded with Jim York from the Royals to the Houston Astros for John Mayberry and minor league infielder Dave Grangaard at the Winter Meetings on December 2, 1971. He never appeared in a regular season game with the Astros who dealt him along with Scipio Spinks to the Cardinals for Jerry Reuss four months later on April 15, 1972. In a three-season career, he posted a 2–1 record with 23 strikeouts and a 6.06 earned run average in 19 games pitched. He died of cancer at age 60.