OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Muqaddam

Muqaddam (Arabic: مقدم) is an Arabic title, adopted in other Islamic or Islamicate cultures, for various civil or religious officials.
As per the Persian records of medieval India, muqaddams, along with khots and chowdhurys, acted as hereditary rural intermediaries between the state and the peasantry. Originating during the Delhi Sultanate, the earliest known reference to the muqaddami system dates from the first decades of the 13th century, when Hasan Nizami wrote of a delegation of muqaddams offering gifts to Sultan Qutb ud-Din Aibak. Muqaddams were tasked with revenue collection in the areas under their jurisdiction, for which they received either 2.5% as remuneration or rent-free land equalling that amount. The socio-economic status of muqaddams varied over time; during the revenue reforms of Alauddin Khalji, many were impoverished due to the abolition of their traditional privileges. However, in other periods the muqaddams "were prosperous enough to ride on costly Arabi and Iraqi horses, wear fine clothes, and behave like members of the upper classes". Over time, muqaddams and chowdhurys took on the characteristics of landed gentry in their respective localities, with some even attaining the status of Zamindars during the Mughal period. Muqaddams could be dispossessed of their status by the state.
In the Tijaniyyah, Shadhiliyyah, Rahmaniyyah, and other Sufi orders, a muqaddam is a student of the Sufi path (a murid or dervish) who has been authorized by his/her Guide (aka shaikh, pir, or murshid) to assist in teaching the path to other students.
In Lebanon, the muqaddams were the political leaders of their religious community. The last muqaddams disappeared in the beginning of the 17th Century.

## Military use

In the militaries of several Arab nations, muqaddam is equivalent to the Anglophone ranks of lieutenant colonel, commander and wing commander, depending on the service branch.
| | Army | Navy | Air Force |
| Algerian People's National Armed Forces | | | |
| French | Lieutenant colonel | Lieutenant colonel | Lieutenant colonel |
| Bahrain Defence Force | | | |
| Egyptian Armed Forces | | | |
| Iraqi Armed Forces | | | |
| Jordanian Armed Forces | | | |
| Kuwait Military Forces | | | |
| Lebanese Armed Forces | | | |
| Libyan Armed Forces | | | |
| Armed Forces of Mauritania | | | |
| Variant | | مقدم بحري Muqaddam bahriun | |
| Sultan of Oman's Armed Forces | | | |
| Palestinian National Security Forces | | — | — |
| Qatar Armed Forces | | | |
| Armed Forces of Saudi Arabia | | | |
| Sudanese Armed Forces | | | |
| Syrian Armed Forces | | | |
| Tunisian Armed Forces | | | |
| Variant | | مقدم بالبحرية Muqaddam bialbahria | |
| French | Lieutenant colonel | Capitaine de frégate | Lieutenant colonel |
| United Arab Emirates Armed Forces | | | |
| Republic of Yemen Armed Forces | | | |
# Selsun Blue

Selsun Blue is an over-the-counter brand of dandruff shampoo now owned by Sanofi. First made by Abbott Laboratories, the brand was bought by Chattem in 2002. Chattem was acquired by Sanofi in 2010, although in some markets, it is sold by Rohto Pharmaceutical instead. Selsun Blue has been marketed as a more effective alternative to brand leader Head & Shoulders due to its superior performance in randomized trials.

## Formulations

Over the counter Selsun Blue contains 1% selenium sulfide as its active ingredient in its most popular version (the word "Selsun" is a portmanteau of selenium sulfide + n). Chattem announced that on November 1, 2005, they would introduce a new line of shampoos under the brand name Selsun Salon. These contained a different active ingredient than Selsun Blue, pyrithione zinc 1%, and are oriented toward the higher-end shampoo market. Other active ingredients such as salicylic acid and botanicals are in other versions of Selsun Blue brand dandruff shampoo.
In 2011, the Selsun Blue brand consisted of 15 products spread across two brand segments, Naturals and Base. The Naturals line of products contains the active ingredient salicylic acid in addition to 8 moisturizers & botanicals plus vitamins B5 & E. Salicylic acid is a keratolytic agent that assists with cell shedding or flaking. The base brand consists of six types including Medicated with menthol, 2-in-1, Normal to Oily, Moisturizing, Itchy Dry Scalp, and Deep Cleansing with micro beads. The first four types contain the active ingredient selenium sulfide which has been shown to have anti-fungal properties. More specifically, selenium sulfide, an anti-infective agent, relieves itching and flaking of the scalp and removes the dry, scaly particles commonly referred to as dandruff or seborrhea. Selenium sulfide is also used to treat tinea versicolor, a fungal infection of the skin.
Deep Cleansing was launched by Chattem in January 2011. In addition to the active ingredient salicylic acid, the product contains scrubbing micro beads.

## Availability

Like Chattem’s other products, Selsun Blue is sold through mass merchandisers, drug and food retailers.
# Kate Renshaw

Kate Renshaw, born July 25, 1980, at Collarenebri, New South Wales, is an Australian play therapist, filial therapist, educator, author, speaker, and mental health consultant. She is best known for designing the Teacher’s Optimal Relationship Approach (TORA). TORA is a mental health and wellbeing program to enhance emotional and psychological support in primary schools for students and educators.

## Life and work

With a background in psychology and art therapy, Renshaw gained her Ph.D. in play therapy from Deakin University in 2022, developing the TORA methodology, and holds professional recognition in Australia, the US and Britain for her work.
Since 2012, she has been the founder and director of Play and Filial Therapy, which includes a private practice in regional Victoria where she lives, working with families, and children, and lectures and supervises at institutions in Australia, the UK and Ireland.
Renshaw makes contributions to the field of play therapy through her research, contributing to books like Infant Play Therapy and Integrating Technology into Modern Therapies. An advocate for the role of play in child development and mental health, she has presented at national and international conferences, and has shared her expertise on ABC Australia, ABC News Radio, The Conversation, The Big Smoke, and other platforms.
# Izuchukwu Anthony

Izuchukwu Jude Anthony (born 3 November 1997) is a Nigerian professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Chinese Super League club Nantong Zhiyun.

## Club career

On 30 January 2016, Anthony signed a three-year contract with Haugesund.
On 20 August 2022, Anthony joined Saudi Arabian club Al-Khaleej on a one-year deal.
On 20 January 2024, Anthony signed with Chinese Super League club Nantong Zhiyun.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 2 November 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Haugesund | 2016 | Eliteserien | 14 | 0 | 4 | 0 | - | - | 18 | 0 |
| Haugesund | 2017 | Eliteserien | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Haugesund | 2018 | Eliteserien | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Haugesund | Total | Total | 15 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 0 |
| Jerv (loan) | 2018 | 1. divisjon | 6 | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 7 | 1 |
| Nest-Sotra | 2019 | 1. divisjon | 26 | 1 | 3 | 0 | - | - | 29 | 1 |
| Spartak Trnava | 2019–20 | Slovak Super Liga | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 11 | 0 |
| Spartak Trnava | 2020–21 | Slovak Super Liga | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 18 | 0 |
| Spartak Trnava | 2021–22 | Slovak Super Liga | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 3 | 0 |
| Spartak Trnava | Total | Total | 32 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 32 | 0 |
| Hapoel Haifa | 2021–22 | Israeli Premier League | 26 | 0 | 3 | 0 | - | - | 29 | 0 |
| Al-Khaleej | 2022–23 | Saudi Pro League | 23 | 0 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 24 | 0 |
| Radnički Kragujevac | 2023–24 | Serbian SuperLiga | 7 | 0 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 8 | 0 |
| Nantong Zhiyun | 2024 | Chinese Super League | 28 | 3 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 29 | 3 |
| Career Total | Career Total | Career Total | 163 | 5 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 177 | 5 |
# Sretensky Monastery

Sretensky Monastery (Russian: Сретенский монастырь, romanized: Sretenskiy monastyr') is an Orthodox monastery in Moscow, founded by Grand Prince Vasili I in 1397. It used to be located close to the present-day Red Square, but in the early 16th century it was moved northeast to what is now Bolshaya Lubyanka Street. The Sretensky Monastery gave its name to adjacent streets and byways, namely Sretenka Street, Sretensky Boulevard, Sretensky Lane, Sretensky Deadend, and Sretensky Gates Square. Sretensky Theological Academy is subordinated to the monastery.

## History

Unlike most other Russian Orthodox churches of the same name the monastery is not, as might be expected, named after one of the twelve Great Feasts of Russian Orthodox Church Sretenie Gospodne (Presentation of Our Lord in the Temple), with Sretenie being a Church Slavonic word for "meeting".
The origin of the monastery's name comes from the fact that it was built on the spot where the muscovites and the ruling Prince had met the icon of Our Lady of Vladimir on August 26, 1395. It was being moved from Vladimir to Moscow to protect the capital from the imminent invasion of Tamerlane. Soon thereafter, the armies of Tamerlane retreated and the grateful monarch founded the monastery to commemorate the miracle. In 1552, the Muscovites gathered at the walls of the monastery to meet the Russian army returning after the conquest of Kazan.
In 1925, the monastery was closed down. In 1928–1930, most of its buildings were dismantled by the Soviets, including the Church of Mary of Egypt (14th-16th century) and Church of Saint Nicholas (16th century). Only the Cathedral of the Meeting of the Icon of Our Lady of Vladimir (собор Сретения Владимирской иконы Богоматери) with a side chapel to the Nativity of John the Forerunner (built in 1679 by the order of tsar Fyodor Alexeyevich) survived to this day.
Services in the Vladimirsky Cathedral resumed in 1991. The cathedral was transferred to the authority of the Pskovo-Pechorsky Monastery in 1994, but nowadays it is a separate monastic establishment, with Patriarch Kirill as its archimandrite. Since 1998 the Monastery is headed by Bishop Tikhon (Shevkunov) as the Patriarch's representative (namestnik).
The Sretensky Theological Academy was founded on the same site in 1999.

## The new church

In November 2013, an official body that oversees construction on heritage sites approved the construction of a large "church on blood" dedicated to the New Martyrs and Confessors of the Russian Orthodox Church. The 61-metre-high building, fittingly situated next door to the infamous Lubyanka Prison, was completed in early 2017, in time for the 100th anniversary of the October Revolution when attacks on the Russian Orthodox Church had begun. Architectural preservationists voiced their concern that the outsize building would irrevocably alter the surrounding cityscape.
# 2023 European Athletics Indoor Championships – Men's 4 × 400 metres relay

The men's 4 × 400 metres relay event at the 2023 European Athletics Indoor Championships were held on 5 March 2023 at 19:10 (final) local time.

## Records

Standing records prior to the 2023 European Athletics Indoor Championships :
| World record | United States (USA) | 3:01.51 | Clemson, United States | 9 February 2019 |
| European record | Poland (POL) | 3:01.77 | Birmingham, United Kingdom | 4 March 2018 |
| Championship record | Belgium (BEL) | 3:02.87 | Prague, Czech Republic | 8 March 2015 |
| World Leading | Arkansas | 3:01.09 | Albuquerque, United States | 4 February 2023 |
| European Leading | Hungary (HUN) | 3:08.58 | Nyíregyháza, Hungary | 28 January 2023 |

## Results

Spain led most of the way to only finished fourth, and their young and extremely talented 18-year-old anchor, the 400m world indoor junior champion, was just overtaken at the very end, specifically on the very last bend, by older and more experienced final leg runners.
| Rank | Nationality | Athlete | Time | Notes |
| | Belgium | Dylan Borlée Alexander Doom Kevin Borlée Julien Watrin | 3:05.83 | EL |
| | France | Gilles Biron Téo Andant Victor Coroller Muhammad Abdallah Kounta | 3:06.52 | SB |
| | Netherlands | Isayah Boers Isaya Klein Ikkink Ramsey Angela Liemarvin Bonevacia | 3:06.59 | SB |
| 4 | Spain | Óscar Husillos Markel Fernández Lucas Búa David García | 3:06.87 | SB |
| 5 | Great Britain | Ben Higgins Joseph Brier Samuel Reardon Lewis Davey | 3:08.61 | SB |
| 6 | Turkey | Oğuzhan Kaya Berke Akçam Kubilay Ençü Ismail Nezir | 3:09.41 | NR |
# U.S. Bicycle Route 95

U.S. Bicycle Route 95 (USBR 95) is a U.S. Numbered Bicycle Route in California, Washington, and Alaska along the West Coast in the United States, that is also planned to run through Oregon. It has three designated sections in California, Washington, and Alaska. The first section, running from Valdez to Delta Junction in Alaska, was designated in May 2011.

## Route description

The Alaska section, between Valdez and Delta Junction, was approved by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) in May 2011 as part of the first major expansion of the U.S. Bicycle Route System since 1982. It has connections to U.S. Bicycle Route 8 in Delta Junction and U.S. Bicycle Route 108 in Glennallen. USBR 95 is planned to eventually form a continuous link along the West Coast between San Diego and Alaska.
The Washington section, connecting the Snohomish County Centennial Trail to the Peace Arch Border Crossing in Blaine, was designated in 2017. It includes two concurrencies with USBR 87 at its southern terminus and through the Bellingham area. The route also intersects USBR 10 in Burlington.
The California section, spanning 440.4 miles (708.8 km), was designated in 2021 between San Francisco and the Oregon state line north of Crescent City, California. It generally follows U.S. Route 101.
# Tamil Nadu Democratic Construction Labour Union

The Tamil Nadu Democratic Construction Labour Union (TNDCLU) is a trade union of construction workers in the state of Tamil Nadu, India.
TNDCLU is affiliated with the All India Construction Workers Federation (AICWF) and the All India Central Council of Trade Unions (AICCTU).
# Lélio (Commedia dell'arte)

Lélio is a stock character of the commedia dell'arte.
Lélio represents the happy innamorati, loved by the woman he loves (often Isabella), always friendly and cheerful, with a hint of comic.
Several actors played the role in Paris, particularly Luigi Riccoboni who gained great successes with the part due to his talent, grace, elegance and happy countenance, as well as his son Antoine-François Riccoboni, called "Lélio fils".
Molière introduced the figure of Lélio in two of his comedies, l'Étourdi and The Imaginary Cuckold. Marivaux used it in his Surprise de l'amour and his Prince travesti.
Being of aristocratic rank, his outfit is highly sought as a court dress.
# Camptoprosopella maculipennis

Camptoprosopella maculipennis is a species of fly in the family Lauxaniidae.
# Ensio Nieminen

Ensio Nieminen (30 March 1930 – 27 September 2008) was a Finnish cyclist. He competed in the men's tandem event at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Testimony: Vol. 1, Life & Relationship

Testimony: Vol. 1, Life & Relationship is the third studio album by American singer India Arie, released on June 27, 2006, by Motown. The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, selling 161,000 copies in its first week.
In 2007, the album was nominated for three Grammy Awards: Best R&B Album, Best R&B Song for "I Am Not My Hair", and Best Female R&B Vocal Performance for "I Am Not My Hair".

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 53/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Blender | |
| Entertainment Weekly | B |
| The Guardian | |
| NME | 4/10 |
| PopMatters | 6/10 |
| Rolling Stone | |
| Spin | 4/10 |
| USA Today | |
| Vibe | |
Testimony: Vol. 1, Life & Relationship received mixed reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 53, based on 14 reviews. Some reviews are positive, like Billboard, for example, which gave the album a positive review and called it "An ambitious, aurally rich suite of storytelling songs." Hartford Courant gave it a positive review and said, "Of all today's self-actualizing soul singers, India.Arie represents the purest version of the concept. How much you'll like her brand of R&B depends in part on whether the word "nurturing" gives you the warm fuzzies or makes your skin crawl." On the other hand, Mojo gave it two stars out of five and said, "Lacking the wit and lyrical dexterity of a Jill Scott or the raw power of Angie Stone, the songs can feel airless and unengaged." Q also gave it two stars out of five and said that Arie's "sauntering melodies struggle under the weight of their worthy load."

## Commercial performance

In the United States, Testimony: Vol. 1, Life & Relationship debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums charts with first-week sales of 161,000 copies, Arie's first number-one album on the Billboard 200 and second on the R&B chart. The following week, it fell to number three on the Billboard 200 with 69,000 copies sold. The album had sold 689,000 copies in the United States as of December 2008.
# 2006 UK Independence Party leadership election

The UK Independence Party (UKIP) held a leadership election in September 2006.
The Eurosceptic party had been led since 2002 by Roger Knapman. Although he was entitled to stand for second term of office on the expiry of his four-year term, he decided not to.

## Candidates

Four candidates stood in the election:
* Nigel Farage was an MEP for South East England, and the group's leader in the European Parliament. He called for the party to avoid being seen as a single issue pressure group, by focussing campaigning on low taxation, selective education and a distinctive trade policy. He was viewed as the highest-profile candidate, and was backed by the party's largest donor, Alan Bown.
* Richard Suchorzewski, the Chair of UKIP Wales, had defected from the Conservative Party in 2004, and called for the party to develop greater internal democracy, with the formation of a governing committee who would liaise with members on policy initiatives. He also wanted to prioritise the recruitment of more members under 40 and for party leaders to be based permanently in the UK. He attracted the backing of former chairman Petrina Holdsworth.
* David Campbell Bannerman was a former Conservative Party councillor and former chairman of the Bow Group, who had joined UKIP in 2002, and became its chairman in early 2006. He also called for the party to broaden its policies, and wanted to focus on democracy and freedom from government interference. If elected, he wanted to work alongside Farage, who he hoped would remain the party's leader in the European Parliament.
* David Noakes, a computer consultant, called for the party to strengthen its focus on anti-EU campaigning. He stressed his belief that the European Union was equivalent to a police state. He called for co-operation with trade unions to organise an anti-EU general strike and for creating a permanent protest outside the British Houses of Parliament with a van broadcasting the party's message.

## Result

Farage was elected, with 44% of the votes cast.
| Candidate | Votes | % share |
| Nigel Farage | 3,329 | 44.0 |
| Richard Suchorzewski | 1,782 | 23.5 |
| David Campbell Bannerman | 1,443 | 19.0 |
| David Noakes | 851 | 11.2 |
| Spoiled votes | 169 | — |
| Turnout | 7,574 | 46.0 |
# Marcel Moget

Marcel Moget (born 23 April 1931) is a Swiss basketball player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Ross Worswick

Ross Worswick (born 20 April 1989) in Manchester) is a British TV personality.
Worswick is best known for Ex on the Beach series 1 and 6, and Desi Rascals.

## Television

| Year | Name | Role |
| 2013 | Geeks | Himself |
| 2014 | Ex on the Beach | Himself |
| 2015 | Desi Rascals | Himself |
# Johnson's Addition

Johnson's Addition is a hamlet in southern Alberta, Canada within the Municipal District of Taber. It is adjacent to the western boundary of the Town of Taber at the intersection of Highway 3 and Highway 864 (Range Road 170).

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Johnson's Addition had a population of 126 living in 42 of its 42 total private dwellings, a change of -3.1% from its 2016 population of 130. With a land area of 0.19 km$^2$ (0.073 sq mi), it had a population density of 663.2/km$^2$ (1,717.6/sq mi) in 2021.
As a designated place in the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Johnson's Addition had a population of 34 living in 13 of its 14 total private dwellings, a change of 21.4% from its 2011 population of 28. With a land area of 0.41 km$^2$ (0.16 sq mi), it had a population density of 82.9/km$^2$ (214.8/sq mi) in 2016.
The Municipal District of Taber's 2016 municipal census counted a population of 130 in Johnson's Addition, a 13% change from the hamlet's 2013 municipal census population of 115.
# Oski the Bear

Oski the Bear (Oski) is the official mascot of the University of California, Berkeley ("Cal"), representing the California Golden Bears. Named after the Oski Yell, he made his debut at a freshman rally in the Greek Theatre on September 25, 1941. Prior to his debut, live bears were used as Cal mascots. Oski's name, design, and character were developed by William “Rocky” Rockwell, who was the first student to play the role, and Warrington Colescott, an editor of The Daily Californian and famed satirist.
Since his debut, Oski's activities have been managed by the Oski Committee, which also appoints a new Oski whenever a replacement is required. Historically, persons who played Oski were male and of short stature (under 5'7"), although the gender requirement was dropped around 1974.
Oski's identity is protected by the Committee, and wearers of the suit generally do not disclose their identity to the public. One faculty member is aware of the students on the Oski Committee to provide accountability for any incidents. To that end, there may be multiple members of the Committee who wear the suit, depending on their schedules.

## Incidents

Oski was suspended for two weeks in January 1990, for throwing a cake towards Oregon State fans, of which some landed on the father of Oregon State point guard Gary Payton.
In 1999, the Associated Students of the University of California (ASUC) passed a bill calling for a makeover of the "poorly constructed and pathetic version of a bear". The ASUC president vetoed the bill.