OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# University of Mons-Hainaut

The University of Mons-Hainaut (French: Université de Mons-Hainaut, pronounced, UMH), in Mons, Wallonia, Belgium, was a university in the French Community of Belgium. Its official language was French.
From January 1, 2009, the University of Mons-Hainaut and the Engineering Faculty of Mons Faculté polytechnique de Mons fused in a new university simply called the University of Mons.

## History

The University of Mons-Hainaut was established in 1965 from the Institut commercial des industriels du Hainaut, which had been founded in 1899 by Raoul Warocqué. In the university library, which was established in 1797, there were more than 715,000 items, including 450 manuscripts, one of which was from the 10th century, and 140 incunables, of which one was a Gutenberg Bible.

## Notable alumni

* Elio Di Rupo, chemist, politician, and former prime minister of Belgium.
# The King's England

The King's England is a topographical and historical book series written and edited by Arthur Mee in 43 volumes. The first, introductory, volume was published in 1936 by Hodder & Stoughton; in 1989, The King's England Press was established to reprint the series.
The publishers (Hodder and Stoughton) claimed that the series was a modern Domesday Book and that the compilers had travelled half-a-million miles in order to complete their task. The vast majority of the content is an alphabetical description of parish churches, and associated historical figures and other local worthies.

## Original titles

The first title in the series was the introductory volume, Enchanted Land: Half-a-million miles in the King's England, published by Hodder and Stoughton in 1936.
* Bedfordshire and Huntingdonshire
* Berkshire
* Buckinghamshire
* Cambridgeshire
* Cheshire
* Cornwall
* Derbyshire
* Devon
* Dorset
* Durham
* Enchanted Land: Half-a-million miles in the King's England
* Essex
* Gloucestershire (1938)
* Hampshire with the Isle of Wight
* Herefordshire
* Hertfordshire: London's Country Neighbour
* Kent
* Lake Counties
* Lancashire
* Leicestershire and Rutland
* Lincolnshire
* London: Heart of the Empire and Wonder of the World (1937)
* Middlesex (1940)
* Monmouthshire
* Norfolk
* Northamptonshire
* Northumberland
* Nottinghamshire
* Oxfordshire
* Shropshire
* Somerset
* Staffordshire
* Suffolk
* Surrey
* Sussex
* Warwickshire
* Wiltshire
* Worcestershire
* Yorkshire – East Riding
* Yorkshire – North Riding
* Yorkshire – West Riding

## Revised titles

In 1970, the London volume was split into three. Bomb damage during the Second World War, the subsequent post-war reconstruction and alterations to local government boundaries in 1965 all made it difficult to treat London properly in one volume. The new volumes, which brought the total to 43, were:
* London North of the Thames except the City and Westminster (1972)
* London – The City and Westminster
* London South of the Thames

## Reprints

In 1989, The King's England Press was established to reprint the series, "recognising the need for them, both as excellent guidebooks and now with the added dimension as historical documents in their own right."
# José Villanova

José Villanova (born 20 March 1909, date of death unknown) was a Spanish boxer. He competed in the men's flyweight event at the 1928 Summer Olympics.
# Harold Adamson (police officer)

Harold Adamson (1921 – December 6, 2001) was Chief of the Metropolitan Toronto Police in the 1970s and served as a police officer for 41 years until his retirement in 1980.
Adamson's first foray into law enforcement was at the age of 18 when he came across a burglar in his home and hit him with his Lunch box. He joined the Scarborough Police Department the next year, rising to the rank of Deputy Chief.
In 1953, he came to public attention when, as a police inspector, he investigated the disappearance of Scarborough teenager Marion McDowell, organizing what was then the largest manhunt in Toronto history for the missing girl. The case was never solved.
By 1956, the Scarborough Police Department was amalgamated with other Toronto-area police forces to become the Metropolitan Toronto Police in 1957. In 1970 he became the new force's third chief with the retirement of James Page Mackey.
The police force in the 1970s had to cope with a growing population, rising crime rate, and declining respect for authority. The Toronto Police faced public anger and charges of racism following the fatal shooting of Albert Johnson by a police officer in 1979. A royal commission under Justice Donald Morand investigated the police during his tenure and found acts of police brutality and police officers giving false testimony under oath.
Mel Lastman, mayor of the Metropolitan Toronto borough of North York in the 1970s, said that Adamson responded to complaints of "outlawed displays of bigotry on the force, instituted new procedures following the Morand report into allegations of police brutality and commissioned the Hickling Johnson Report on adapting to the future." Adamson also pushed to recruit more minorities, and oversaw changes such as improving officer training, and expanding work among youth in crime prevention.
On October 5, 2005, nine days before his 58th birthday, Adamson's son, retired Staff-Sergeant Edward William John "Eddie" Adamson, committed suicide, suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder as a result of his failed efforts to save a fallen officer during a hostage situation on March 14, 1980. In 2008, the Workplace Safety & Insurance Board declared officially his death was ruled a work-related injury. His family was informed in April 2017 that his name will be placed on the Police Service Honor Roll. Eddie's daughter, Julie, is a retired Staff Sergeant with York Regional Police.
Of being police chief, Adamson once said, "this is a job that will never give you a swelled head. I didn't accept it with any great degree of relish. It was very nice to be made chief of police, but I certainly knew I wasn't in for any picnic."
# Symplocos puberula

Symplocos puberula is a plant in the family Symplocaceae found in northeastern Queensland, Australia. It is a tree up to 25 m (82 ft) tall with pubescent new growth (i.e. covered in fine soft hairs). The leaves are stiff, widest near the apex and tapered at the base (obovate), and they have a short "drip tip". They measure up to 15 cm (5.9 in) long and 6 cm (2.4 in) wide, and have 6–12 pairs of lateral veins either side of the midrib which curve forwards (i.e. towards the leaf tip) and connect to the next vein. The leaf edges are finely toothed in the distal half of the leaf blade.
The inflorescence measures up to 7 cm (2.8 in) long and takes the form of a panicle or a raceme. The white flowers are small — the sepals are about 1.5 mm (0.06 in) long and the petals about 5 mm (0.2 in) long. They have about 50 to 70 stamens measuring up to 6 mm (0.24 in) long, and the style is about 4 mm (0.16 in) long. The fruit is a dark blue or black drupe with a persistent calyx at the apex, measuring about 10 mm (0.39 in) long and 6 mm (0.24 in) wide.

## Distribution and habitat

This species can be found from the McIlwraith Range near Cooktown, south along the east coast to the area around Eungella. It inhabits well developed rainforest on metamorphic and basalt soils.

## Conservation

This species is listed as least concern under the Queensland Government's Nature Conservation Act. As of 24 November 2024, it has not been assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
# Cathedral of All Souls (Asheville, North Carolina)

The Cathedral of All Souls, also referred to as All Souls Cathedral, is an Episcopal cathedral located in Asheville, North Carolina, United States of America. All Souls was built by George Washington Vanderbilt II, the grandson of railroad baron, Cornelius Vanderbilt, in 1896, to serve as the local parish church for Biltmore Village, which had been developed near his Biltmore Estate, and designated as a cathedral in 1995. The Right Reverend José Antonio McLoughlin is the current bishop seated at the cathedral.

## History

The church was established in 1896 as a member of the Episcopal Diocese of Western North Carolina. It is a member of the worldwide Anglican Communion. The Church and Parish Hall were commissioned by George Vanderbilt and designed by Richard Morris Hunt, the architect of Vanderbilt's Biltmore Estate.
The chancel organ was installed by the Casavant Frères organ company of Canada in 1971. The Cathedral of All Souls was designated as the cathedral of the Episcopal Diocese of Western North Carolina on January 1, 1995. The Right Reverend José A. McLoughlin is the current bishop.
Stained glass artists Maitland Armstrong and Helen Maitland Armstrong created three memorial stained glass windows for the south transept, honoring Maria Louisa Vanderbilt (George W. Vanderbilt's mother), architect Richard Morris Hunt, and Clarence Barker (Vanderbilt's cousin). They later created "Ecce Homo," a stained glass memorial at All Souls' Church in Biltmore, for Cornelius Vanderbilt, in 1900.
The church and its parish house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 as All Souls Episcopal Church and Parish House.
In 2015 a major restoration project replaced the 119 year-old Ludowici roof tiles with new ones designed to match the originals.
In September 2024, the cathedral was damaged during Hurricane Helene when the Swannanoa River flooded Biltmore Village.

## Gallery

* All Souls Episcopal Church and Parish House
* 2017
# Hexametra boddaertii

Hexametra boddaertii is a parasitic roundworm belonging to the family Ascarididae. H. boddaertii was originally described from a single specimen of Mastigodryas boddaerti, a South American colubrine snake. Other neotropical colubrids identified as hosts to H. boddaertii include Oxyrhopus trigeminus, Philodryas patagoniensis, Spilotes pullatus, Trimorphodon biscutatus, Philodryas baroni, and Oxyrhopus guibei. It is thought that Hexametra may be the causative agent of ocular disease, diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis, (DSUN), in Brazil.
# Ibn al-Wafid

ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn al-Wāfid al-Lakhmī (Arabic: علي بن الحسين بن الوافد اللخمي; c. 1008 – 1074), known in Latin Europe as Abenguefith, was an Andalusian Arab pharmacologist and physician from Toledo. He was the vizier of Al-Mamun of Toledo. His main work is Kitāb al-adwiya al-mufrada (كتاب الأدوية المفردة, translated into Latin as De medicamentis simplicibus).
Ibn al-Wafid was mainly a pharmacist in Toledo, and he used the techniques and methods available in alchemy to extract at least 520 different kinds of medicines from various plants and herbs.
One of his students was Ibn al-Lūnquh.
# Peter McKinley

Peter McKinley (born c. 1811) was a Michigan politician.

## Early life

McKinley was born around 1811 in New York.

## Career

McKinley was a farmer. On November 4, 1856, McKinley was elected to the Michigan House of Representatives where he represented the Manitou County district from January 7, 1857, to December 31, 1860. During his second term, he served on the Rules and Joint Rules committee and the House of Correction committee.

## Personal life

McKinley lived in St. James, Michigan on Beaver Island.
# Karl Bělař

Karl Franz Josef Bělař (Czech pronunciation: lit. "whitewasher" in Bohemian-Czech; October 14, 1895 – May 24, 1931) was an Austrian microbiologist. He was among the first to demonstrate that cell division by protists involved mitosis.
Bělař was born in Vienna where his father Franz worked as a lawyer. An older sister became a mathematician while another sister was married to scientist who had a laboratory setup at home. Young Karl made use of this home laboratory, especially the microscope to study microscopic life forms even before he went to the University of Vienna and apart from his interest in protists made use of his skills in drawing, cartooning and photography. His first publication was on a flagellate Prowazeckia josephi which he described at the age of 19. During World War I he served on the Italian front as an artillery lieutenant. He returned to studies in 1919 and received a doctorate in zoology. He then joined the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Biology in Berlin under Max Hartmann. Although an Austrian Roman-Catholic he married a Protestant colleague, Gertrud Bengelsdorff. He continued studies in Berlin and became a privatdozent in 1924 and an associate professor in 1930. He was invited as a guest lecturer at California Institute of Technology by T.H. Morgan and worked there between 1929 and 1931. Just before his return to Berlin he was killed in a car accident in the Mojave desert near Victorville where he had visited so as to paint a landscape.
# Joseph Amoako

Joseph Amoako (born 13 September 2002) is a Ghanaian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Georgian club Samtredia. He previously played for Ghana Premier League side Asante Kotoko.

## Career

Amoako started his career with Central Region-based club Young Red Bull, a lower-tier side in Division Two League. In October 2021, Amoako joined Ghana Premier League giants Asante Kotoko on a three-year deal keeping him at the club until 2024.
In February 2022, he joined Helsingborgs IF on a one-year initial one-year loan deal with an option to make it permanent. On 14 February 2022, he played his first match for the club after coming on in the 78th minute in a friendly match against Danish side FC Nordsjaelland which ended in a 4–2 loss to Helsingborgs IF.
# Kaarlo Salovaara

Karl (Kaarlo) Fredrik Salovaara (20 July 1874 – 4 January 1956; surname until 1896 Lundahl) was a Finnish Lutheran clergyman and politician. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1936 to 1939, representing the Patriotic People's Movement (IKL).
# Cerbat, Arizona

Cerbat is a ghost town just west of the Cerbat Mountains in Mohave County, Arizona, United States. Mining in the area began in the late 1860s and a camp was established soon after. Cerbat was built in a canyon 38 miles (61 km) from Hardyville. The town was prosperous and contained several mining and public buildings, along with cabins for over 100 settlers, as well as a school, a doctor's office and a lawyer's office. In the 1870s the town was connected by dirt road to Fort Rock, Camp Hualapai and Prescott. Cerbat was the third seat of Mohave County until 1877 when Mineral Park took the title.
As of 2010, a cemetery and a few wooden buildings and stone foundations, including a large mill and the post office, remain. The post office was completed on December 23, 1872, and was closed on June 15, 1912. From June 25, 1890, to October 24, 1902, the town was known as Campbell.
# Burra railway station

Burra railway station was built on the Roseworthy-Peterborough railway line to serve the town of Burra, South Australia.

## Opening

Burra railway station opened on 29 August 1870 as part of the extension of what was then the Northern Extension Railway to Burra. The railway line was extended further north to Hallett and Terowie in 1880.

## Station upgrade

By 1883 the original wooden and corrugated iron station building was proving inadequate for the large numbers of passengers stopping for refreshments. A new stone Victorian-style building, complete with refreshment rooms, was opened in October of that year. An arched roof over the tracks and platforms was retained at that time, not being demolished until 1935. The refreshment rooms remained in service until 1936.

### Closure

In 1978, the station and all associated infrastructure was included in the transfer of the assets of the South Australian Railways to the Australian National Railways Commission. Regular passenger services ceased in December 1986. By 1993 the line north of Burra was closed and removed. In 1997, Australian Southern Railroad (ASR) acquired a 50-year lease on the rail corridor and total ownership of the rail infrastructure as part of the sale of Australian National's South Australian freight assets to ASR. Grain trains ceased running to Burra in 1999.

### Revitalisation

In 2010, restoration works began on the station building, which by then was badly deteriorated. A community group, the Friends of the Burra Railway Station, was formed in 2014 to raise funds and do the work, including the restoration of a dining car that served the Trans-Australian Railway from 1917. The fully restored building includes, as of 2024, Victorian-themed bed-and-breakfast accommodation and a function centre, a museum and a Diprotodon display. Outside the building is the dining car at the platform, a large cast-iron water tank and water columns, and grain silos, now served by road.
# Ronald W. Zweig

Ronald W. Zweig is an Australian-Israeli historian specializing in Hebrew and Judaic studies, with particular reference to the British Mandate in Palestine. He is currently the Marilyn and Henry Taub Professor of Israel Studies at New York University (NYU).
Zweig is the author of a number of books on Jewish and Israel studies, including The Gold Train: The Destruction of the Jews and the Looting of Hungary (2002), the story of a train run by the Nazis, the so-called "Hungarian Gold Train", that left Budapest, Hungary during the Second World War, heading for a Nazi-controlled area in the Alps. The train was carrying gold, diamonds, and wedding rings that the Nazis had stolen from the Hungarian Jewish community. It was intercepted by the American military before it could reach its destination, and the fate of its contents has been the subject of speculation ever since. Zweig acted as a consultant to the U.S. Department of Justice on a related lawsuit—Rosner, et al. v. United States of America—which alleged U.S. military malfeasance.

## Career

Zweig studied at the University of Sydney, then moved to England. After graduating with a Ph.D. in modern history from the University of Cambridge, he became a junior fellow at the University of Oxford's Center for Hebrew Studies, 1977–1978. He was a visiting fellow at the Tauber Institute, Brandeis University, in 1982. He then joined the staff of Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and in 1983 transferred to the Department of Jewish History at Tel Aviv University, serving as Chair from 2003–2004. From 1983 to 2000 he edited the Journal of Israeli History. He was a visiting archives fellow at Churchill College, Cambridge, in 1994; a visiting senior scholar at the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum in 1999; and held a research fellowship at Yad Vashem in 2000.
In 2004, he became the director of the Taub Center for Israel Studies at NYU. He is also a member of the Historical Advisory Panel to the National Archives in Washington.

## Books by Zweig

* The Political Uses of Military Intelligence: Evaluating the threat of a Jewish revolt against Britain during the Second World War, Cambridge University Press, January 1, 1985.
* Britain and Palestine during the Second World War (Royal Historical Society Studies in History), Royal Historical Society, February 27, 1986. ISBN 0-86193-200-5
* David Ben Gurion: Politics and Leadership in Israel (Ed.), Frank Cass, October 1, 1991. ISBN 0-7146-3423-9
* German Reparations and the Jewish World: a History of the Claims Conference, Frank Cass, May 1, 2001. ISBN 0-7146-5152-4
* The Gold Train: The Destruction of the Jews and the Looting of Hungary, William Morrow, September 17, 2002. ISBN 0-06-620956-0
# Paragendria papuanensis

Paragendria papuanensis is a species of nematode parasite. It parasitises freshwater fishes from Papua New Guinea, particularly Glossamia gjellerupi and Melanotaenia affinis.

## Description

It is characterized by the absence of oesophageal teeth, the presence of conspicuously inflated papillae of the last two subventral pairs, a gubernaculum, spicules 69–75 μm long, eggs measuring 57–66 × 39–45 μm, and a small body (between 3.2 and 5.8 millimetres (0.13 and 0.23 in) long).
# Rice Township, Illinois

Rice Township is one of 23 townships in Jo Daviess County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 338 and it contained 268 housing units. It was formed as Washington Township from East Galena Township on February 22, 1859; its name changed to Rice Township on June 16, 1859.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 29.7 square miles (77 km$^2$), of which 24.4 square miles (63 km$^2$) (or 82.15%) is land and 5.3 square miles (14 km$^2$) (or 17.85%) is water.

### Cemeteries

The township contains Prospect Hill Methodist Episcopalian Cemetery.

### Airports and landing strips

* Merkle Engineers Airport and Apple Orchard

### Landmarks and recreation

* Chestnut Mountain Ski Resort
* Spratts Lake

## School districts

* Galena Unit School District 120
* River Ridge Community Unit School District 210

## Political districts

* Illinois' 16th congressional district
* State House District 89
* State Senate District 45
# Thurso High School

Thurso High School in Thurso, Caithness, Scotland, is the most northerly secondary school on mainland Great Britain.
The Highland Council employs about 75 staff at the school. The rector is Mrs H Flavell. The school has just under 800 students. It consists of two main buildings and three huts.

## History

In 1954 Basil Spence & Partners, along with Caithness County Architect Sandy Giavanni, were commissioned by the Thurso County Council to build a new high school. A large green-field site was chosen on the east side of County Road (now designated as Ormlie Road), to the south of the town. Officially opened in October 1958, Thurso High School is the most northerly secondary school on mainland Great Britain. The main campus is made up of a number of informally grouped buildings of varying heights surrounding a central courtyard.
Each building is given individual surface treatment and a variety of contrasting materials have been used including Caithness stone, polished stone, timber boarding, and concrete slabs. The building featured a carved granite abstract 'Education' by Ann Henderson RSA, who was born in Thurso and studied and taught at Edinburgh College of Art.
The school was commissioned in two phases, the first completed in October 1958 and the second begun in May 1959. The reason for the extension to the school was the growth in Thurso and the surrounding area's population after the development of the Dounreay nuclear power station. Although the school was built in anticipation of a population increase, the growth was greater and more rapid than expected, and at its peak Dounreay's staff of 2,400 people trebled the size of the town.
In October 2022, part of the school was closed off following potential concerns about part of the building's concrete frame, following an inspection by engineers of a three-storey 1960s-era extension block.
# Paul Downing

Paul Milton Downing (November 27, 1873 – December 11, 1944) was an American college football player and coach. He played at Stanford University and was the head coach at Oregon Agricultural College (today's Oregon State University). While at Stanford, he was friends with classmate and future United States President Herbert Hoover.
After his football days, Downing went on to become a top executive at Pacific Gas and Electric Company. He was actively involved in creation of hydroelectric power facilities. He died at the age of 71 on December 11, 1944, in San Francisco, California.

## Football
### Stanford

Downing played four years for the Stanford Cardinal football team, never missing a minute of play in all four years. Downing played in the first Big Game matchup between Stanford and the University of California, Berkeley.

### Oregon Agriculture College

In 1895, Downing became the third head coach of Oregon Agricultural College and held the post for the program's third season. He served as the head coach for the 1895 season and his team produced a record of 0 wins, 2 losses, and 1 tie.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall |
| Oregon Agricultural Aggies (Oregon Intercollegiate Football Association) (1895) ||||||
| 1895 | Oregon Agricultural | 0–2–1 |
| Oregon Agricultural: | Oregon Agricultural: | 0–2–1 |
| Total: | Total: | 0–2–1 |