# Treasurer and Receiver-General of Massachusetts

The treasurer and receiver-general of Massachusetts is an elected constitutional officer in the executive branch of the U.S. state of Massachusetts. Originally appointed under authority of the English Crown pursuant to the Charter of the Massachusetts Bay Company, the office of treasurer and receiver-general (commonly called the "state treasurer") became an elective one in 1780. Sixty-one individuals have occupied the office of state treasurer over the ensuing centuries. The incumbent is Deb Goldberg, a Democrat who took office January 21, 2015.

## Election
### Term of office

The treasurer is elected by the people on Election Day in November to four-year terms, and takes office on the third Wednesday of the January following a general election. There is no limit to the number of terms a treasurer may hold. Institutionally speaking, the treasurer is thus independent of both the governor and General Court for the purpose of performing their official duties. These constitutional protections notwithstanding, the treasurer may still be impeached for misconduct or maladministration by the House of Representatives and, if found guilty, removed from office by the Senate.

### Qualifications

Any person seeking election to the office of treasurer must meet the following requirements:
* Be at least eighteen years of age;
* Be a registered voter in Massachusetts;
* Be a Massachusetts resident for at least five years when elected; and
* Receive 5,000 signatures from registered voters on nomination papers.

### Vacancies

In the event of a vacancy in the office of treasurer, the General Court is charged, if in session, with electing from among the eligible citizens of the Commonwealth a successor to serve the balance of the prior treasurer's term in office. If, however, the vacancy occurs while the General Court is not in session, then responsibility for appointing a successor falls to the governor. The appointment is not valid without the advice and consent of the Governor's Council.

## Powers and duties

The state treasurer is in effect the chief financial officer for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. As such, the state treasurer manages the Commonwealth's cash flows and invests the working capital of state agencies and local governments. The state treasurer is also responsible for issueing, registering, and servicing the Commonwealth's public debt along with administering escheats and unclaimed property that accrue to the Commonwealth. These are core functions shared with other state treasurers.
Other programs have been assigned to the state treasurer by law. For example, the state treasurer regulates the sale of alcoholic beverages within intrastate commerce, provides tax-advantaged ABLE and college savings programs to Bay Stater residents, and manages the state lottery. Likewise, the state treasurer administers deferred compensation plans to public and nonprofit employees along with bonuses to veterans, servicemembers, and military families domiciled in Massachusetts.
Aside from these functional responsibilities, the state treasurer is ex officio chair of the Massachusetts Clean Water Trust, the Massachusetts School Building Authority, the Massachusetts State Retirement Board, and the Pension Reserves Investment Management Board. These independent agencies are governed by multimember boards attached to the Office of the Treasurer and Receiver-General for administrative purposes.

## Organization

The Office of the Treasurer and Receiver-General is organized into the following departments:
* the Alcoholic Beverages Control Commission;
* the Department of Cash Management;
* the Department of Debt Management;
* the Department of Defined Compensation Plans;
* the Massachusetts Clean Water Trust;
* the Massachusetts School Building Authority;
* the Massachusetts State Lottery;
* the Office of Economic Empowerment;
* the Pension Reserves Investment Management Board;
* the State Retirement Board;
* the Unclaimed Property Division; and
* the Veterans' Bonus Division.

## List of treasurers and receivers-general (1780–present)

| Treasurer and Receiver-General | Party | Years |
| Henry Gardner Sr. | | 1780– 1783 |
| Thomas Ivers | | 1783– 1787 |
| Alexander Hodgden | | 1787– 1792 |
| Thomas Davis | | 1792– 1797 |
| Peleg Coffin Jr. | Federalist | 1797– 1801 |
| Jonathan Jackson | Federalist | 1802– 1806 |
| Thomson J. Skinner | Democratic- Republican | 1806– 1808 |
| Josiah Dwight | | 1808– 1810 |
| Thomas Harris | | 1810– 1811 |
| Jonathan L. Austin | Democratic- Republican | 1811– 1812 |
| John T. Apthorp | | 1812– 1817 |
| Daniel Sargent | | 1817– 1822 |
| Nahum Mitchell | Federalist | 1822– 1827 |
| Joseph Sewall | | 1827– 1832 |
| Hezekiah Barnard | | 1832– 1837 |
| David Wilder Jr. | Whig | 1837– 1842 |
| Thomas Russell | | 1842– 1843 |
| John Mills | | 1843– 1844 |
| Thomas Russell | | 1844– 1845 |
| Joseph Barrett | | 1845– 1849 |
| Ebenezer Bradbury | Whig | 1849– 1851 |
| Charles B. Hall | | 1851– 1853 |
| Jacob H. Loud | | 1853– 1855 |
| Thomas J. Marsh | | 1855– 1856 |
| Moses Tenney Jr. | Opposition | 1856– 1861 |
| Henry Kemble Oliver | Republican | 1861– 1866 |
| Jacob H. Loud | Republican | 1866– 1871 |
| Charles Adams, Jr. | Republican | 1871– 1876 |
| Charles Endicott | Republican | 1876– 1881 |
| Daniel A. Gleason | Republican | 1881– 1886 |
| Alanson W. Beard | Republican | 1886– 1889 |
| George A. Marden | Republican | 1889– 1894 |
| Henry M. Phillips | Republican | 1894– April 12, 1895 |
| Edward P. Shaw | Republican | April 25, 1895– 1900 |
| Edward S. Bradford | Republican | 1900–1905 |
| Arthur Chapin | Republican | 1905– April 1, 1909 |
| Elmer A. Stevens | Republican | April 7, 1909– 1914 |
| Frederick Mansfield | Democratic | 1914– 1915 |
| Charles L. Burrill | Republican | 1915– 1920 |
| Fred J. Burrell | Republican | 1920– September 3, 1920 |
| Albert P. Langtry (Acting) Henry A. Wyman (Acting) John R. Macomber (Acting) | Republican | September 4, 1920– September 8, 1920 |
| James Jackson | Republican | September 8, 1920– 1924 |
| William S. Youngman | Republican | 1924– 1928 |
| John W. Haigis | Republican | 1928– 1930 |
| Charles F. Hurley | Democratic | 1931– 1937 |
| Karl H. Oliver | | 1937 |
| William E. Hurley | Republican | 1937– 1943 |
| Francis X. Hurley | Democratic | 1943– 1945 |
| John E. Hurley | Democratic | 1945– 1947 |
| Laurence Curtis | Republican | 1947– 1949 |
| John E. Hurley | Democratic | 1949– July 5, 1952 |
| Foster Furcolo | Democratic | July 5, 1952– 1955 |
| John Francis Kennedy | Democratic | 1955– 1961 |
| John T. Driscoll | Democratic | 1961– 1964 |
| Robert Q. Crane | Democratic | 1964– 1991 |
| Joe Malone | Republican | January 3, 1991– January 7, 1999 |
| Shannon O'Brien | Democratic | January 7, 1999– January 2, 2003 |
| Tim Cahill | Democratic | January 2, 2003– July 2009 |
| Tim Cahill | Independent | July 2009– January 3, 2011 |
| Steve Grossman | Democratic | January 17, 2011– January 21, 2015 |
| Deb Goldberg | Democratic | January 21, 2015– present |