OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Minister for Racing (Victoria)

The Minister for Racing is a minister within the Executive Council of Victoria.

## Ministers for Racing

| Order | MP | Party affiliation | Ministerial title | Term start | Term end | Time in office |
| 1 | Tom Reynolds MP | Liberal | Minister for Sport, Recreation and Racing | 6 October 1992 | 3 April 1996 | 3 years, 180 days |
| 2 | Rob Hulls MP | Labor | Minister for Racing | 20 October 1999 | 5 December 2002 | 3 years, 46 days |
| 3 | John Pandazopoulos MP | Labor | Minister for Racing | 5 December 2002 | 1 December 2006 | 3 years, 361 days |
| (2) | Rob Hulls MP | Labor | Minister for Racing | 1 December 2006 | 2 December 2010 | 4 years, 1 day |
| 4 | Denis Napthine MP | Liberal | Minister for Racing | 2 December 2010 | 4 December 2014 | 4 years, 2 days |
| 5 | Martin Pakula MP | Labor | Minister for Racing | 4 December 2014 | 22 June 2020 | 5 years, 201 days |
| 6 | Anthony Carbines MP | Labor | Minister for Racing | 27 June 2022 | Incumbent | 2 years, 157 days |

## Reference list

* ↑ Carr, Adam. "Victorian Ministries - Kennett". Psephos: Adam Carr's Election Archive. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
* 1 2 Carr, Adam. "Victorian Ministries - Bracks". Psephos: Adam Carr's Election Archive. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
* ↑ Carr, Adam. "Victorian Ministries - Brumby". Psephos: Adam Carr's Election Archive. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
* ↑ Carr, Adam. "Victorian Ministries - Baillieu". Psephos: Adam Carr's Election Archive. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
* ↑ Carr, Adam. "Victorian Ministries - Napthine". Psephos: Adam Carr's Election Archive. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
* 1 2 Carr, Adam. "Victorian Ministries - Andrews". Psephos: Adam Carr's Election Archive. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
* ↑ Wallace, Samual (2 October 2023). "Ministers of the Crown (per S 520)" (PDF). Victoria Government Gazette. Victorian Government Printer. p. 3. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
* This Victoria (Australia) government-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Minister for Roads and Road Safety

The Minister for Roads and Road Safety is a ministry portfolio within the Executive Council of Victoria.

## Ministers

| Order | MP | Party affiliation | Ministerial title | Term start | Term end | Time in office |
| 1 | Bill Baxter MLC | Nationals | Minister for Roads and Ports | 6 October 1992 | 3 April 1996 | 3 years, 180 days |
| 2 | Geoff Craige MLC | Liberal | Minister for Roads and Ports | 3 April 1996 | 20 October 1999 | 3 years, 200 days |
| 3 | Tim Pallas MP | Labor | Minister for Roads and Ports | 1 December 2006 | 2 December 2010 | 4 years, 1 day |
| 4 | Terry Mulder MP | Liberal | Minister for Roads | 2 December 2010 | 4 December 2014 | 4 years, 2 days |
| 5 | Luke Donnellan MP | Labor | Minister for Roads and Road Safety | 4 December 2014 | 29 November 2018 | 3 years, 360 days |
| 6 | Jaala Pulford MLC | Labor | Minister for Roads Minister for Road Safety and the TAC | 29 November 2018 | 22 June 2020 | 1 year, 206 days |
| 7 | Ben Carroll MP | Labor | Minister for Roads and Road Safety | 22 June 2020 | 5 December 2022 | 2 years, 166 days |
| 8 | Melissa Horne MP | Labor | Minister for Roads and Road Safety | 5 December 2022 | Incumbent | 1 year, 362 days |

## Reference list

* ↑ Carr, Adam. "Victorian Ministries - Kennett". Psephos: Adam Carr's Election Archive. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
* ↑ Carr, Adam. "Victorian Ministries - Bracks". Psephos: Adam Carr's Election Archive. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
* ↑ Carr, Adam. "Victorian Ministries - Brumby". Psephos: Adam Carr's Election Archive. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
* ↑ Carr, Adam. "Victorian Ministries - Baillieu". Psephos: Adam Carr's Election Archive. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
* ↑ Carr, Adam. "Victorian Ministries - Napthine". Psephos: Adam Carr's Election Archive. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
* 1 2 Carr, Adam. "Victorian Ministries - Andrews". Psephos: Adam Carr's Election Archive. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
* ↑ Carr, Adam. "Victorian Ministries - Allan 2". Psephos: Adam Carr's Election Archive. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
* This Victoria (Australia) government-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Karl Knortz

Karl Knortz (28 August 1841 Garbenheim, Rhenish Prussia – 27 July 1918 North Tarrytown, New York) was a German-American author.

## Biography

He was educated at the gymnasium of Wetzlar, and the University of Heidelberg. He emigrated to the United States in 1863, where he engaged in teaching at Detroit 1864–1868, at Oshkosh, Wisconsin, 1868–1871, and at Cincinnati 1871–1874. He then edited a German daily newspaper at Indianapolis. After 1882, he resided in New York City, where he devoted himself to literature. From 1892 to 1905, he was superintendent of German schools in Evansville, Indiana. In 1905, he moved to North Tarrytown, New York.
Knortz did much to make American literature known and appreciated in Germany.

## Works

Besides translations of American poetry (Evangeline, Hiawatha, and The Courtship of Miles Standish by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow; Snow-Bound by John Greenleaf Whittier; and Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman), he published:
* Märchen und Sagen der nordamerikanischen Indianer (Tales and legends of the North American Indians; Jena, 1871)
* Amerikanische Skizzen (American sketches; Halle, 1876)
* American Shakespeare Bibliography (Boston, 1876)
* Humoristische Gedichte (Humorous poems; Baltimore, 1877)
* Longfellow: Eine literarhistorische Studie (Longfellow: a literary study; Hamburg, 1879)
* Aus dem Wigwam (From the wigwam; Leipzig, 1880)
* Modern American Lyrics (1880)
* Kapital und Arbeit in Amerika (Capital and labor in America; Zurich, 1881)
* Aus der transatlantischen Gesellschaft (From the transatlantic community; Leipzig, 1882)
* Staat und Kirche in Amerika (State and church in America; Gotha, 1882)
* Shakespeare in Amerika (Berlin, 1882)
* Amerikanische Lebensbilder (Pictures of American life; Zurich, 1884)
* William F. C. Nindemann, Eines deutschen Matrosen Nordpolfahrten (A German sailor's journey to the North Pole; Zurich, 1885) Knortz edited this pamphlet by an arctic explorer.
* Representative German Poems, with translations (New York, 1885)
* Göthe und die Wertherzeit (Goethe and the Werther period; Zurich, 1885)
* Brook Farm und Margareth Fuller (New York, 1886)
* Gustav Seyffarth (1886)
* Geschichte der nordamerikanischen Litteratur (History of North American Literature; Berlin, 1891)
* Individuality (1897)
* Child Study (1899)
* Ein amerikanischer Diogenes (1898)
* Poetischer Hauschatz der Nordamerikaner (1902)
* Nackklänge germanischer Glaubers und Brauchs in Amerika (Echoes of Germanic Beliefs and Customs in America; 1903)
* Streifzüge auf dem Gebiete amerikanischer Volkskunde (Surveys in the area of American anthropology; 1903)
* Friedrich Nietzsche, der Unzeitgemässe (1909)
* Die Insekten in Sage, Brauch, und Literatur (Insects in legend, custom and literature; 1910)
* Walt Whitman und seine Nachfolger (Walt Whitman and his followers; 1910)
* Reptilien und Amphibien in Sitte, Sage, und Literatur (Reptiles and amphibians in custom, legend and literature; 1911)
* Teufel, Hexe, und Blocksbergspuk (Devils, witches and ghosts; 1913)
* Die Vögel im Sage, Sitte, und Literatur (Birds in custom, legend and literature; 1913)
* American Jews (1914)
* American Superstitions of Today (1913)
# Jack Ginifer

John Joseph "Jack" Ginifer (31 August 1927 – 9 July 1982) was an Australian politician.
Ginifer was born in Warracknabeal, Victoria to Joseph Ginifer, a Singer sewing machine salesman from England, and Agnes Harper. He was educated at schools in Benalla, then undertook teacher training at Melbourne Teachers' College and a Bachelor of Arts at the University of Melbourne. He worked as a schoolteacher for more than twenty years from 1945 to 1966, including at Jamieson St Primary School in Warrnambool.
Ginifer was active in local government politics, serving as a councillor in the Williamstown City Council (1955–1957) and the Shire of Altona (1960–1969). He was also on the state executive of the Labor Party from 1959 to 1966. In 1966, Ginifer was elected at a by-election to the Victorian Legislative Assembly as a Labor member for the seat of Grant. Electoral redistributions saw his seat renamed Deer Park in 1967 and Keilor in 1976.
On 8 April 1982, Ginifer was made a minister in John Cain's first cabinet as Minister for Consumer Affairs and Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs, but he resigned from those posts, and from the parliament, a month later on 10 May, after being diagnosed with terminal cancer. He died two months later on 9 July, aged 54.
Ginifer railway station in St Albans, J. J. Ginifer Reserve in Altona North, Jack Ginifer Reserve in Gladstone Park, and Ginifer Court, a cul-de-sac in St Albans, were named after him.
# William McLellan (Australian politician)

William McLellan (12 August 1831 – 12 April 1906) was a mining agent and politician in colonial Victoria (Australia), Minister of Mines in the 1870s.

## Early life

McLennan was born in Crieff, Perthshire, Scotland, the son of Peter McLellan and Margaret, née Sim. He left Scotland in June 1850 for the Port Phillip District, then a portion of New South Wales. When gold was discovered by Edward Hargraves, he went to Summer Hill and Turon diggings, New South Wales, and worked with some success. Returning to Victoria in July 1851, on discovery of gold there, he went to Ballarat and Forest Creek, and was amongst the first pioneers of Bendigo, where he worked at Golden Gully. After an extensive experience on the principal diggings, McLellan settled in Melbourne in 1853. In 1857, the time of the Canton Lead, he proceeded to Ararat, where fifty thousand miners were collected, and was elected a member of the Mining Board.

## Political career

McLellan was elected to the seat of Ararat in October 1859, the amended Constitution Act having made Ararat an electoral district returning two members, and McLennan was returned to the Assembly by a large majority. McLellan represented Ararat till the general election in May 1877, when he was beaten by David Gaunson by five votes. He had in the meantime been a member of three Ministries, taking office first as successor to Mr. I. G. Reeves as Commissioner of Public Works and Vice-President of the Board of Land and Works in January 1870, and retiring with his chief, John Alexander MacPherson, in April of the same year. He was subsequently Minister of Mines, under Charles Gavan Duffy from June 1871 to June 1872 and under Sir James McCulloch from October 1875 to May 1877. McLellan remained out of Parliament till 1883, when he was re-elected for Ararat. He occupied the position of Chairman of Committees of the Legislative Assembly till 1892. He remained member for Ararat until September 1897.
McLellan died on 12 April 1906 in Fitzroy North, Victoria, Australia.
# Wilfred Mibus

Johan Wilfred John "Mick" Mibus, known as Wilfred Mibus or Mick Mibus (14 September 1900 – 18 April 1964) was an Australian politician. He was a Country Party representative of the electoral district of Lowan (called Borung from 1945 to 1955) from 1944 until his death in 1964.

## Early life

Wilfred Mibus was born in 1900 in the small settlement of Katyil, near Dimboola, Victoria, to pioneer farmer Carl August Mibus and his wife Mathilda Nuske. Mibus studied for the Lutheran ministry at Concordia College in Adelaide, South Australia. He also attempted three years of a medical degree at the University of Melbourne, but gave up his studies due to severe asthma.

## Political career

Mibus worked as a campaign manager for his friend, Hamilton Lamb, who was the Member for Lowan from 1935 until 1943. Lamb died as a prisoner of war in a Japanese internment camp on the Burma Railway, and in his will, recommended that Mibus replace him in Lowan. Mibus was duly elected at the Lowan by-election on 4 November 1944.
In 1949, Mibus was one of six Country MPs who defected to the Liberal and Country Party formed by Thomas Hollway from the Victorian division of the Liberal Party. The Country Party branded Mibus a "rebel" for his actions, and ran a Country candidate against him in Borung at the 1950 state election. Mibus was re-elected, and stated that the electors of Borung had endorsed his change of parties.
Mibus died in office on 18 April 1964. He left an estate worth £A38,902 to his widow Dora, his son and his daughter. No by-election was held for Lowan as a state election was held on 27 June that year, with Jim McCabe retaining the seat for the Liberal and Country Party.
# Edward Langton

Edward Langton (2 January 1828 – 5 October 1905) was an Australian businessman and politician, Treasurer of Victoria in 1868 and 1872–1874.
Langton was born in Gravesend, Kent, England, the youngest son of David Elland Langton, a butcher, and his wife Mary, née Payne.
Langton migrated to Melbourne in 1852, aged 24, becoming involved in politics in the late 1850s. Langton unsuccessfully contested the Victorian Legislative Assembly seats of Collingwood in 1859 and 1861, East Melbourne in 1861, East Bourke Boroughs in 1864, and Dundas in 1865. Langton eventually had electoral success and represented East Melbourne from February 1866 until December 1867. Then from May 1868 to April 1877 he represented West Melbourne.
On 6 May 1868 Langton, who was a staunch Conservative as well as a Free-trader, became Treasurer of Victoria in Charles Sladen's short-lived Ministry, and occupied the same post, with the additional office of Postmaster-General of Victoria, in the James Francis Government, from 10 June 1872 to 31 July 1874, when he resigned with his colleagues. Langton has written much for the Melbourne press, and was one of the earliest proprietors of the Spectator, a free trade organ started in 1865. He was secretary of the Free Trade League of Victoria from its commencement until 1866, was an honorary member of the Cobden Club from 1874, and was a trustee and treasurer of the Melbourne Public Library and Museum.
Langton was again unsuccessful in contesting Castlemaine February 1880, West Melbourne in 1886, Toorak in 1892 and 1894, and East Melbourne in 1897.
Langton died of pneumonia on 5 October 1905 in his home in Toorak, Victoria;survived by a daughter and one of his two sons.
# Ernest Walmsley

Ernest Walmsley (12 August 1887 – 8 May 1970) was a British diver. He competed in the men's 3 metre springboard event at the 1920 Summer Olympics.
# Lester Thurow

Lester Carl Thurow (May 7, 1938 – March 25, 2016) was an American political economist, former dean of the MIT Sloan School of Management, and author of books on economic topics.

## Education

Born in Livingston, Montana, Thurow received his B.A. in political economy from Williams College in 1960, where he was in Theta Delta Chi and Phi Beta Kappa as a junior, and a Tyng Scholar. After he was awarded a Rhodes Scholarship, he went to Balliol College, Oxford to read Philosophy, Politics and Economics, graduating in 1962 with first class honors. He received a Ph.D. in Economics from Harvard University in 1964.

## Career

Thurow was on the board of directors of Analog Devices, Grupo Casa Autrey, E-Trade, and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Corp (TSMC). Thurow was one of the founders of the Economic Policy Institute in 1986. Thurow was an economics columnist for, among others, the Boston Globe and USA Today. He was an economics columnist for and on the editorial board of the New York Times, and was a contributing editor to Newsweek, where he earned the 1982 Gerald Loeb Award for Columns/Editorials.
Thurow was a longtime advocate of a political and economic system of the Japanese and European type, in which governmental involvement in the direction of the economy is far more extensive than is the case in the United States – a model that has come to be known as "Third Way" philosophy. Thurow supported a more universal patent system as a requirement for a knowledge-based economy, where governments would assess the value of infringements of intellectual property against their companies by competitors in foreign jurisdictions and allow these companies to match that.
Thurow died at the age of 77 on March 25, 2016.

## Books

His 1993 book, Head to Head: The Coming Economic Battle Among Japan, Europe and America compares economic growth and living standards in Japan, Europe, and the U.S. His other books include:
* Fortune Favors the Bold: What we must do to build a new and lasting global prosperity (2003).
* Building Wealth: The new rules (1999).
* The Future of Capitalism: How today's economic forces shape tomorrow's world (1996).
* The Zero-Sum Solution: Building a world-class American economy (1985).
* Dangerous Currents: The state of economics (1983).
* The Zero-Sum Society: Distribution and the possibilities for economic change (1980) ISBN 0465085881.
* Generating Inequality: Mechanisms of distribution in the U.S. economy (1975).
# Fred T. Goldberg Jr.

Fred T. Goldberg Jr. (born October 15, 1947) is an American tax lawyer who has held high-ranking positions in the United States government, including the position of Commissioner of Internal Revenue.

## Career

Goldberg graduated from Yale University with a bachelor's degree in 1969. After obtaining his B.A., he was a special assistant at the Office of Economic Opportunity. In 1971, he accepted a position as an assistant dean for Yale's Calhoun College and was an instructor in political science and economics at Yale. He held these positions until 1973, when he completed his juris doctor degree at Yale Law School.
After completing his J.D., was hired as an associate with the firm Latham, Watkins, and Hills. He was named as a partner in the firm in 1981. He worked with the firm until 1984.
From 1982 to 1986, Goldberg worked at the Internal Revenue Service (IRS):
* Assistant to the commissioner of the Internal Revenue Service (1981–1982)
* Acting director of the Legislation and Regulations Division, Office of the Chief Counsel, Internal Revenue Service (1982)
* Chief counsel for the Internal Revenue Service (1984–1986)
In 1989, Goldberg was selected to be the commissioner of the IRS. He held that position until 1992, when he was chosen as assistant secretary for tax policy in the United States Department of the Treasury. He currently resides in Bethesda, Maryland, with his family and is a partner in the office of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom.

### Career accolades

In September 2022, Goldberg was named to the Washingtonian's 2022 Top Lawyers Hall of Fame.

### Interactions with Scientology

Allegedly, Scientology officials, including the Church leader David Miscavige, arrived at his office without an appointment one day to petition for relief. The meeting was not listed on Goldberg's appointment calendar, which was obtained by The New York Times through the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA).
While details are not known, it was under Goldberg's administration that the long running IRS/Scientology legal conflict ended, though it took two years (under two other commissioners) to work out the details. Scientology received a unique tax exemption in 1993 and the IRS has refused to release the agreement, even after a FOIA request by The New York Times and when requested by the court in the Sklar case. (A draft version of the agreement was leaked to The Wall Street Journal and published late in 1997.)
In early 2002, Judge Silverman, of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit wrote the following:
   If the IRS does, in fact, give preferential treatment to members of the Church of Scientology—allowing them a special right to claim deductions that are contrary to law and rightly disallowed to everybody else—then the proper course of action is a lawsuit to stop that policy. The remedy is not to require the IRS to let others claim the improper deduction, too.
# Essendon tram depot

Essendon tram depot is located on Mount Alexander Road, Travancore, a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Operated by Yarra Trams, it is one of eight tram depots on the Melbourne tram network. Despite the name, the depot is located three kilometres from the suburb of Essendon.

## History

The Essendon tram depot was opened on 11 October 1906 by the North Melbourne Electric Tramway & Lighting Company. It passed with the company to the Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board on 1 August 1922.
When the Public Transport Corporation was privatised in August 1999, Essendon depot passed to M>Tram. It passed to Yarra Trams when it took control of the entire tram network in April 2004.

## Layout

Essendon depot has 24 roads, 18 of which are covered in three sheds, the remaining six are in the open to the north of the sheds. It has access from Mount Alexander Road in both directions, and also features facilities for heavy maintenance.

## Rolling stock

As of May 2024, the depot had an allocation of 55 trams: 31 B2 Class and 24 Z3 Class trams.

## Routes

The following routes are operated from Essendon depot:
* : West Maribyrnong to Flinders Street Station
* : West Coburg to Toorak shared with Southbank depot
* : Airport West to Flinders Street Station
* : Moonee Ponds Junction to Footscray
# Epactionotus advenus

Epactionotus advenus is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Biguaçu River basin in the state of Santa Catarina in Brazil. The species reaches at least 3.54 cm (1.4 inches) in standard length. It was described in 2020 as part of a review of the genus Epactionotus conducted by Maria Laura S. Delapieve, Tiago Pinto Carvalho, and Roberto E. Reis. FishBase does not yet list this species.
# Dunkirk Medal

The Dunkirk Medal (Medaille Dunkerque 1940) is an unofficial commemorative medal created by the town of Dunkirk to commemorate the defence of the town and surrounding area during May and June 1940. The allocation of the award was managed by Association nationale des anciens combattants de Flandres-Dunkerque 1940, the French National Association of Veterans of the Fortified Sector of Flanders and Dunkirk (and later administered by the now disbanded Dunkirk Veterans Association).
Initiated in 1960, the award was initially awarded to only French service personnel (with approximately 30,000 medals issued). In 1970 it was also awarded to any Allied member involved in Operation Dynamo, the evacuation of Allied forces from the Dunkirk sector between 29 May and 3 June and those soldiers evacuated from the beaches. All British servicemen from the Royal Navy, Royal Air Force, Merchant Navy, and the civilian little ship volunteers were eligible to receive the award.

## Description

The Dunkirk Medal is struck in bronze and measures approximately 44mm in length and 36mm wide. The medal's obverse depicts a shield bearing the arms of Dunkirk (a fish and in chief, a lion passant) superimposed on an anchor and laurel wreath, crossed swords above. The reverse of the medal features a burning oil lamp over a tablet with the inscription: DUNKERQUE 1940.
Beneath the ribbon suspension of the medal are crossed swords. A named certificate was issued with each medal though the medal itself was not inscribed.
The medal ribbon measures 36mm wide and features a wide central chrome yellow stripe with one wide and one thin red stripe each side with two further chrome yellow bars and two very thin black stripes.
For citizens of the United Kingdom, the medal may be worn on the right breast, but as it is not designated an official medal it is not to be mounted with other British official medals and awards.