# Waipawa (New Zealand electorate)

Waipawa was a parliamentary electorate in the Hawke's Bay Region of New Zealand, from 1881 to 1946.

## Population centres

The previous electoral redistribution was undertaken in 1875 for the 1875–1876 election. In the six years since, New Zealand's European population had increased by 65%. In the 1881 electoral redistribution, the House of Representatives increased the number of European representatives to 91 (up from 84 since the 1875–76 election). The number of Māori electorates was held at four. The House further decided that electorates should not have more than one representative, which led to 35 new electorates being formed, including Waipawa, and two electorates that had previously been abolished to be recreated. This necessitated a major disruption to existing boundaries.
The legislation defined the area as follows:
   This district is bounded towards the North by the Hawke's Bay Electoral District; towards the East by the sea; towards the South by the Waimata Stream to its source; thence by a right line to Trig. Station No. 41a; thence by a right line to Trig. Station on Whahatuaro; then by the Manawatu River to the Manawatu Gorge; thence towards the West by lines from peak to peak along the summit of the Ruahine Range to the Hawke's Bay Electoral District,

## History

The Waipawa electorate was established for the 1881 election.
William Cowper Smith was the first representative. He was re-elected in 1884. From 1887 to 1890 Smith represented the Woodville electorate, which only existed for those three years.
The representative for Waipawa for the period from 1887 to 1890 was Thomas Tanner; he retired at the end of the parliamentary term. Tanner was succeeded by Smith in the 1890 election; Smith retired at the end of the parliamentary term.
Charles Hall represented Waipawa for the Liberal Party from 1893 to 1896, when he was defeated by George Hunter. Hall in turn defeated Hunter in the 1899 election and then served the electorate until 1911, when he retired. The 1911 election was won by Hunter, who continued to represent the electorate until 1930.
An interesting situation arose in 1928. D. B. Kent was originally announced as an independent Liberal-Labour candidate. He was then approached by the United Party and became their official candidate. The local supporters of the United Party had not been consulted on this, and did not support Kent, but backed Ernest Albert Goodger instead. Goodger thus stood as an independent United candidate. This split the United Party vote, but Hunter again won with an absolute majority.
Hunter's death on 20 August 1930 caused the 1930 by-election, which was won by Albert Jull. Jull was confirmed by the voters in the 1931 election, but was defeated in 1935 election by Max Christie. Jull in turn defeated Christie in 1938, but he died on 24 September 1940. Jull was succeeded by Cyril Harker, who won the 1940 by-election. Harker was confirmed by the voters in the 1943 election. He served until the end of the parliamentary term in 1946, when the electorate was abolished.

### Members of Parliament

The electorate was represented by seven Members of Parliament:
Key
Independent  Liberal  Conservative  Reform  United  Labour  National
| Election | Winner |
| 1881 election | William Cowper Smith |
| 1884 election | William Cowper Smith |
| 1887 election | Thomas Tanner |
| 1890 election | William Cowper Smith |
| 1893 election | Charles Hall |
| 1896 election | George Hunter |
| 1899 election | Charles Hall |
| 1902 election | Charles Hall |
| 1905 election | Charles Hall |
| 1908 election | Charles Hall |
| 1911 election | George Hunter |
| 1914 election | George Hunter |
| 1919 election | George Hunter |
| 1922 election | George Hunter |
| 1925 election | George Hunter |
| 1928 election | George Hunter |
| 1930 by-election | Albert Jull |
| 1931 election | Albert Jull |
| 1935 election | Max Christie |
| 1938 election | Albert Jull |
| 1940 by-election | Cyril Harker |
| 1943 election | Cyril Harker |
| (Electorate abolished in 1946; see Hawkes Bay) |||

## Election results
### 1943 election

1943 general election: Waipawa :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | National | Cyril Harker | 5,546 | 60.98 | −0.34 |
| | Labour | Archie Low | 3,455 | 37.99 | |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 93 | 1.02 | +0.60 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 2,091 | 22.99 | +1.71 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 9,094 | 91.71 | +15.57 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 9,915 | | |

### 1940 by-election

1940 Waipawa by-election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | National | Cyril Harker | 4,913 | 60.64 | |
| | Labour | Max Christie | 3,189 | 39.36 | −7.93 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,724 | 21.28 | |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 34 | 0.42 | −0.41 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 8,136 | 76.14 | −18.77 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 10,685 | | |
| | National hold | National hold | Swing | | |

### 1938 election

1938 general election: Waipawa :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | National | Albert Jull | 5,070 | 51.86 | +18.95 |
| | Labour | Max Christie | 4,624 | 47.29 | +11.37 |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 82 | 0.83 | +0.28 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 446 | 4.56 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 9,776 | 94.91 | +1.54 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 10,300 | | |

### 1935 election

1935 general election: Waipawa :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Max Christie | 3,089 | 35.92 | |
| | United | Albert Jull | 2,830 | 32.91 | −19.71 |
| | Independent Reform | John Ormond | 2,121 | 24.66 | −22.72 |
| | Democrat | William Long Barker | 559 | 6.50 | |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 48 | 0.55 | −1.04 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 259 | 3.01 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 8,599 | 93.37 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 9,209 | | |

### 1931 election

1931 general election: Waipawa :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | United | Albert Jull | 3,870 | 52.62 |
| | Reform | John Davies Ormond Jr. | 3,484 | 47.38 |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 119 | 1.59 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 386 | 5.25 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 7,473 | 80.99 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 9,227 | |

### 1930 by-election

1930 Waipawa by-election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | United | Albert Jull | 3,747 | 52.06 |
| | Reform | William Tucker | 3,450 | 47.93 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 297 | 4.12 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 7,197 | |
| | United gain from Reform | United gain from Reform | Swing | |

### 1928 election

1928 general election: Waipawa :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Reform | George Hunter | 3,983 | 53.33 | −9.05 |
| | Independent | Ernest Albert Goodger | 2,123 | 28.43 | |
| | United | Douglas Barrington Kent | 1,362 | 18.24 | |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 77 | 1.02 | −0.22 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,860 | 24.91 | +0.14 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 7,545 | 85.80 | −4.34 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 8,794 | | |

### 1925 election

1925 general election: Waipawa :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Reform | George Hunter | 4,486 | 62.38 | +4.31 |
| | Liberal | William Ashton Chambers | 2,705 | 37.62 | |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 90 | 1.24 | +0.06 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,781 | 24.77 | +8.62 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 7,281 | 90.13 | +3.77 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 8,078 | | |

### 1922 election

1922 general election: Waipawa :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Reform | George Hunter | 3,870 | 58.07 | +6.01 |
| | Liberal | John Joshua Langridge | 2,794 | 41.93 | |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 79 | 1.17 | +0.10 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,076 | 16.15 | +12.02 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 6,743 | 86.36 | +1.20 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 7,808 | | |

### 1919 election

1919 general election: Waipawa :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Reform | George Hunter | 3,458 | 52.06 | +0.99 |
| | Liberal | Albert Jull | 3,184 | 47.94 | −0.99 |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 72 | 1.07 | −0.38 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 274 | 4.13 | +1.98 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 6,714 | 85.16 | −1.12 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 7,884 | | |

### 1914 election

1914 general election: Waipawa :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Reform | George Hunter | 3,282 | 51.07 | −3.51 |
| | Liberal | Albert Jull | 3,144 | 48.93 | +3.51 |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 95 | 1.46 | −0.03 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 138 | 2.15 | −7.02 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 6,521 | 86.28 | +4.69 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 7,558 | | |

### 1911 election

1911 general election: Waipawa, first ballot :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Reform | George Hunter | 3,389 | 54.58 | +4.08 |
| | Liberal | Albert Jull | 2,820 | 45.42 | |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 94 | 1.49 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 569 | 9.16 | +8.16 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 6,303 | 81.59 | +2.75 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 7,725 | | |

### 1908 election

1908 general election: Waipawa, first ballot :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Charles Hall | 2,507 | 50.50 | +11.13 |
| | Conservative | George Hunter | 2,457 | 49.50 | −11.13 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 4,964 | 78.84 | −8.09 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 50 | 1.01 | −20.25 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 6,296 | | |

### 1905 election

1905 general election: Waipawa :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Charles Hall | 3,576 | 60.63 | −11.49 |
| | Conservative | George Hunter | 2,322 | 39.37 | |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 51 | 0.86 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,254 | 21.26 | −22.98 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 5,949 | 86.94 | +18.49 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 6,843 | | |

### 1902 election

1902 general election: Waipawa :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Charles Hall | 2,556 | 72.12 | +15.34 |
| | Independent Liberal | James Taylor | 988 | 27.88 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,568 | 44.24 | +30.68 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 3,544 | 68.44 | −15.27 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 5,178 | | |

### 1899 election

1899 general election: Waipawa :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Charles Hall | 2,332 | 56.78 | +9.62 |
| | Conservative | George Hunter | 1,775 | 43.22 | −9.62 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 557 | 13.56 | +7.88 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 4,107 | 83.71 | −0.88 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 4,906 | | |

### 1896 election

1896 general election: Waipawa :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | George Hunter | 1,961 | 52.84 | +11.58 |
| | Liberal | Charles Hall | 1,750 | 47.16 | −3.58 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 211 | 5.69 | −3.79 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 3,711 | 84.59 | +3.22 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 4,387 | | |

### 1893 election

1893 general election: Waipawa :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Charles Hall | 2,024 | 50.74 | |
| | Conservative | George Hunter | 1,646 | 41.26 | −4.54 |
| | Independent | William Warrand Carlile | 319 | 8.00 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 378 | 9.48 | −6.89 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 3,989 | 81.37 | +28.16 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 4,902 | | |

### 1890 election

1890 general election: Waipawa :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | William Cowper Smith | 1,297 | 57.77 | |
| | Conservative | George Hunter | 948 | 42.23 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 349 | 15.55 | +10.04 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2,245 | 60.92 | −5.81 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 3,685 | | |

### 1887 election

1887 general election: Waipawa :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Independent | Thomas Tanner | 695 | 44.02 | +5.60 |
| | Independent | John Harker | 608 | 38.51 | |
| | Independent | Fred Sutton | 236 | 14.95 | |
| | Independent | Arthur Rowley William Lascelles | 40 | 2.53 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 87 | 5.51 | −17.67 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,579 | 66.74 | −0.49 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 2,366 | | |

### 1884 election

1884 general election: Waipawa :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Independent | William Cowper Smith | 768 | 61.59 | +10.48 |
| | Independent | Thomas Tanner | 479 | 38.41 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 289 | 23.18 | +20.97 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,247 | 67.22 | −4.21 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 1,855 | | |

### 1881 election

1881 general election: Waipawa :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Independent | William Cowper Smith | 579 | 51.10 |
| | Independent | John Davies Ormond | 554 | 48.90 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 25 | 2.21 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,133 | 71.44 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 1,586 | |

## Table footnotes

* ↑ Ormond was the son of John Davies Ormond and the father of John Ormond