OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of England cricket team coaches

The coach of the England cricket was a position first filled in 1986. There have been nine coaches in total, with Peter Moores holding the position twice. The role usually entails selecting players for squads, selecting the starting eleven and giving media interviews. Commonly referred to as coach, the role has in the past also been labelled as team manager or team director.

## List of England coaches

The following men have held the position of head coach of the England Cricket Team. Duncan Fletcher is the longest serving coach, having held the role for eight years, and Peter Moores is the only man to have held the position twice.
The current coach of the test team is Brendon McCullum. McCullum will also take on the role of white-ball coach from January 2025.
England head coach (Test team) :
| Coach | Tenure | Country |
| Micky Stewart | 1986–1992 | England |
| Keith Fletcher | 1992–1995 | England |
| Ray Illingworth | 1995–1996 | England |
| David Lloyd | 1996–1999 | England |
| Duncan Fletcher | 1999–2007 | Zimbabwe |
| Peter Moores | 2007–2009 | England |
| Andy Flower | 2009–2014 | Zimbabwe |
| Peter Moores | 2014–2015 | England |
| Trevor Bayliss | 2015–2019 | Australia |
| Chris Silverwood | 2019–2022 | England |
| Paul Collingwood | 2022 | England |
| Brendon McCullum | 2022–present | New Zealand |
England head coach (ODI & T20 teams) :
| Coach | Tenure | Country |
| Micky Stewart | 1986–1992 | England |
| Keith Fletcher | 1992–1995 | England |
| Ray Illingworth | 1995–1996 | England |
| David Lloyd | 1996–1999 | England |
| Duncan Fletcher | 1999–2007 | Zimbabwe |
| Peter Moores | 2007–2009 | England |
| Andy Flower | 2009–2012 | Zimbabwe |
| Ashley Giles | 2012–2014 | England |
| Peter Moores | 2014–2015 | England |
| Trevor Bayliss | 2015–2019 | Australia |
| Chris Silverwood | 2019–2022 | England |
| Paul Collingwood | 2022 | England |
| Matthew Mott | 2022–2024 | Australia |
| Brendon McCullum | 2025– | New Zealand |

## Splitting the role

In 2012 Andy Flower resigned from his position of coach of the ODI and T20 teams, but remained in his role as coach of the Test team. Ashley Giles was appointed coach of the limited overs team but had no involvement in the Test team. Flower was the first of the two coaches to depart, with Ashley Giles being replaced as limited overs coach when Peter Moores was appointed as the roles were combined again. The role was split again after Chris Silverwood's departure in 2022 with the Test position going to Brendon McCullum and the white-ball role being taken by Matthew Mott. From January 2025 the roles will be combined again as McCullum takes over as white-ball coach.

## Foreign coaches

Duncan Fletcher became the first foreign coach of the English cricket team (1999–2007), whilst his fellow Zimbabwean Andy Flower was head coach from 2009–2014. 2019 World Cup winning coach of the England team, Trevor Bayliss, is Australian. The current Test coach, Brendon McCullum, is a New Zealander, and Matthew Mott, white-ball coach from 2022 to 2024, is from Australia.
# Hermenegildo Villanueva

Hermenegildo Villanueva y Teves (September 25, 1876 – December 17, 1941), fondly called Bindoy, was a Filipino politician. He served as Secretary of Labor for Manuel L. Quezon from December 1938 until his resignation in April 1939.

## Personal life

Villanueva was born on the 25th of September, 1876 in Bais, Negros Oriental, one of the 11 children of Hermenegildo Villanueva y Regis (originally from Parián, Cebu) and Anselma Teves y Pinili of Dumaguete. He was privately tutored for primary education and finished secondary and tertiary education in Cebu. Upon finishing his studies, the Spanish–American War erupted and he became one of the leaders in the Negros Revolution.
He was married to Asunción de la Peña Larena, daughter of Don Demetrio Larena and Maria Luisa de la Peña of Zamboanguita. They had only one son, Jesus Pablo Hermenegildo. He also fathered 5 children with Nemecia Diputado out of wedlock.
As a sugar planter and progressive agriculturist, he was a long-time member of the board of directors of Central Azucarera de Bais y Tanjay founded by Tabacalera. He was also instrumental in the creation of the Sugar Central Board, forerunner of the present Sugar Regulatory Administration.

## Political career

After the Spanish–American War, he was appointed as justice of the peace in Bais. In 1902, he became municipal vice-president (vice mayor) and subsequently elected as municipal president (mayor) in 1903. He was reelected for another term in 1905.
In 1907, he succeeded Demetrio Larena as governor of Negros Oriental. In 1909, while serving an unexpired term as governor, he ran for a seat in the Philippine Assembly and won. He represented the first district of Negros Oriental for two consecutive terms from 1909 to 1912 and from 1912 to 1916.
Villanueva then served as senator from the eighth senatorial district for two terms from 1919 to 1925 and from 1925 to 1931. Afterwards, he returned as governor of Negros Oriental for another two terms from 1931 to 1934 and from 1934 to 1937. During his incumbency as governor, he was elected as delegate to the 1934 Constitutional Convention that drafted the 1935 Philippine Constitution and was chairman of the Committees on National Defense, Special Provinces, and Sponsorship.
Prior to his appointment to the Quezon cabinet, he was appointed Chairman of the Board on Pension for Veterans in 1938.

## Death and legacy

Villanueva was aboard SS Corregidor when it sank in the early hours of December 17, 1941 upon striking a mine off Manila Bay. His newly married son, Jesus Pablo Hermenegildo Larena Villanueva, also perished as a result of the tragedy, whose bride of six months, American mestiza Estela Strong Estrada, who was 3 months pregnant with their son, Jaime Jesus Estrada Villanueva, survived the unfortunate incident.
In 1949, as decreed by President Elpidio Quirino, the barrio of Payabon was separated from the town of Manjuyod, Negros Oriental and created as the town of Bindoy, named after Villanueva.
# Yttygran Island

Yttygran Island (Russian: Итыгран; Eskimo–Aleut: Siklyuk) is an island in the Bering Sea 24 kilometres (15 miles) northwest of Cape Chaplino, close to the coast of Chukotka.
Nowadays this island is popular with ecotourists. Beluga whales are common in the waters around Yttigran and neighbouring Arakamchechen islands.

## Geography

Yttygran is located 3.8 kilometres (2.4 miles) to the south of Arakamchechen Island and is separated from the continental shore by a sound that is only 1.5 kilometres (0.9 miles) in its narrowest point. Penkigney Bay lies to the NW of the island.
Yttigran is 13.5 kilometres (8.4 miles) long and has a maximum width of 5 kilometres (3.1 miles). It has a mountainous interior.

## Administration

Administratively Yttygran Island belongs to Providensky District, part the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug of the Russian Federation.

## Whale Bone Alley

Situated on the northern shore of Yttygran island (from the Chukchi Etgyran, meaning "midway dwellings"), Whale Bone Alley consists of a large number of carefully arranged whale skulls, whale bones and stones, along with a considerable number of meat storage pits. It is thought that Whale Bone Alley was used as a central shrine by a number of different villages dotted along the eastern Chukotkan coast. It is thought that the site was used for initiation rituals and for sporting contests, although the local Yupik have a simpler explanation that the island was simply a collective centre for the flensing, butchery and storage of whale meat, an idea supported by the etymology of the Yupik name for Yttygran: Sikliuk, from Siklyugak, meaning "meat pit" in Yupik.
The site is monumental by Chukotkan standards when compared with other early settlements such as Uelen, Ekven, Sireniki and Kivak, and consists of several lines of whale skulls and jaw bones along the shoreline, several large pits behind them and a number of meat pits surrounding a central sanctuary and stone path around one third of the way along the site travelling from south to north.
The site extends some 1800 feet (548 metres) along the northern coast of Yttygran Island and lies on a major whale migration path, and it is thought that the site was chosen partly because of the ease by which local people could kill and butcher a whale and also as a place where people could come together and trade on neutral ground in a forerunner to the fairs held during the period of cossack exploration of the region.
There is no evidence of any monumental ritual centre like this elsewhere in any other part of Eskimo lands, though there are sites along the Chukotkan coast where the whale skull motifs can be seen at sites such as Nykhsirak.
| Ceremonial whale ribs, Whale Bone Alley. | Whale bones, Whale Bone Alley. | Meat storage pit, Whale Bone Alley. |
# José Vizinho

José Vizinho, (also known in English as Joseph Vecinho), was a Portuguese Jew, born in the town of Covilhã, court physician and scientist at the end of the fifteenth century.
He was a pupil of Abraham Zacuto, with whom he studied mathematics and cosmography, and was regarded as an authority on the subject by King John II of Portugal. He was sent by the king to the Gulf of Guinea in 1483, to measure the altitude of the sun, using an astrolabe improved by Jacob ben Machir. This was one of several voyages that resulted in the production of detailed maps of areas of the eastern Atlantic that had been unknown to Europeans until then.
In 1484, Christopher Columbus presented his plans to the king for a western route to the Indies, which was evaluated by a committee of experts headed by Martin Behaim and "Mestre José", as José Vizinho was called, and also including the Bishop of Ceuta, the court physician Rodrigo, and a Jewish mathematician named Moisés. The Committee finally decided against Columbus' plans to sail west across the Atlantic to the Indies, correctly judging that Columbus had seriously underestimated the size of the world. When the matter came up before the council of state, Pedro de Menezes opposed them also, basing his arguments on José Vizinho's criticisms. Although Vizinho had not favored Columbus' plan, Columbus interacted with him, and obtained a translation of Zacuto's astronomical tables from him. Columbus carried this translation with him on his voyage, and found it extremely useful; it was found in his library after his death.
José Vizinho's translation of Zacuto's tables was published by the Jewish printer Samuel d'Ortas in Leiria under the title "Almanach Perpetuum," 1496.
# List of mayors of Stonnington

This is a list of mayors of the City of Stonnington local government area in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, which was formed in 1994 by the amalgamation of the City of Malvern and the City of Prahran.

## Commissioners (1994-1996)

| Commissioners | Term |
| Neil Smith (Chief Commissioner) | 1994–1996 |
| Anne Murphy | 1994–1996 |
| Reg Weller (Died in Office) | 1994–1995 |
| Des Bethke | 1995–1996 |

## Mayors (1996 to present)

From 1996 until 2004, the annual election of the mayor for the following 12 months occurred in March. New legislation effective from 2004 onwards changed the date of the election of the mayor to November or December. There was a truncated transitional term of office from March to November 2004.
| # | Mayor | Term |
| 1 | John Chandler | 1996–1997 |
| 2 | Adam Held | 1997–1998 |
| 3 | Christopher Gahan | 1998–1999 |
| 4 | Annette Stockman | 1999–2000 |
| 5 | Claude Ullin | 2000–2001 |
| 6 | Leon Hill | 2001–2002 |
| 7 | Sally Davis | 2002–2003 |
| 8 | Melina Sehr | 2003–2004* |
| 9 | Sarah Davies | 2004–2005 |
| 10 | Anne O'Shea | 2005–2006 |
| 11 | John Chandler | 2006–2007 |
| 12 | Claude Ullin | 2007–2009 |
| 13 | Tim Smith | 2009–2010 |
| 14 | Melina Sehr | 2010–2011 |
| 15 | John Chandler | 2011–2012 |
| 16 | Matthew Koce | 2012–2013 |
| 17 | Adrian Stubbs | 2013–2014 |
| 18 | Melina Sehr | 2014–2015 |
| 19 | Claude Ullin | 2015–2016 |
| 20 | Jami Klisaris | 2016–2017 |
| 21 | Steven Stefanopoulos | 2017–2020 |
| 22 | Kate Hely | 2020–2021 |
| 23 | Jami Klisaris | 2021–2023 |
| 24 | Joe Gianfriddo | 2023–2024 |
| 25 | Melina Sehr | 2024–2025 |
# Slush

Slush, also called slush ice, is a slurry mixture of small ice crystals (e.g. snow) and liquid water.
In the natural environment, slush forms when ice or snow melts or during mixed precipitation. This often mixes with dirt and other pollutants on the surface, resulting in a gray or muddy brown color. Often, solid ice or snow can block the drainage of fluid water from slushy areas, so slush often goes through multiple freeze/thaw cycles before being able to completely drain and disappear.
In areas where road salt is used to clear roadways, slush forms at lower temperatures in salted areas than it would ordinarily. This can produce a number of different consistencies over the same geographical area with scattered salted areas covered with slush and others covered with frozen precipitation.

## Hazards

Because slush behaves like a non-Newtonian fluid, which means it behaves like a mostly solid mass until its inner shear forces rise beyond a specific threshold and beyond can very suddenly become fluid, it is very difficult to predict its behavior. This is the underlying mechanism causing slush avalanches and their unpredictability and thus hidden potential to become a natural hazard without caution.
Slush can also be a problem on an aircraft runway since the effect of excess slush acting on the aircraft's wheels can have a resisting effect during takeoff, making its projection unstable, which can cause an accident such as the Munich air disaster. Slush on roads can also make roads slippery and increase the braking distances for cars and trucks, increasing the possibility of rear end crashes and other road accidents.
Slush can refreeze and become hazardous to vehicles and pedestrians.
In some cases though, slush can be beneficial. When snow hits the slush, it partially melts and also becomes slush on contact. This prevents roads from becoming too congested with snow or sleet.
# Ice dune

An ice dune, also called an ice ridge or an ice foot, is a formation of ice that accumulates on the shores of many arctic beaches and is also common along the shores of the Great Lakes during the winter. Ice dunes are not to be confused with ice shoves, which accumulate on bodies of water then push their way on shore, carrying sediment with them and deforming the shoreline.

## Cause

An ice dune is produced by ice washing ashore, snowfall, and the gradual freezing of wave spray that accumulates on to the shore. They form when the air temperature is below freezing and the water temperature is near freezing. Ice dunes are commonly at least six feet (1.8 m) tall, but the dune's size depends on the beach and the weather. The tidal range, the storminess of the water and the topography of the beach all can affect the size of the dunes. The dunes will also stop forming if the body of the water they border freezes over, which often happens on Lake Erie. Ice dunes will usually break up in the early stages of spring thaw.

## Effects

Ice dunes are important in formations, such as sandspits and sand isthmuses, that could be eroded by wave action. An example of a Great Lakes sandspit is Presque Isle State Park in Erie, Pennsylvania. When the dunes form, they form a barrier between the waves and the shore and prevent the waves from reaching the shore, keeping the sand in place.
Because of the way ice dunes form, they are inherently weak and filled with cracks and air pockets. People who venture out onto the dunes sometimes will fall through. If the dune extends out over the water, persons who do this can fall through the dune and into the freezing water underneath; if this happens, hypothermia and death by drowning are urgent, immediate dangers.
# Caloplaca tropica

Caloplaca tropica is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It was first described by the lichenologists Yogesh Joshi and Dalip Kumar Upreti in 2007 from specimens collected in Madhya Pradesh, central India. The species belongs to the Sideritis group within the genus Caloplaca. The holotype specimen was collected from exposed rocks in the Rang Mahal area of Bhimbetka rock shelters, a World Heritage Site in Raisen district.

## Description

Caloplaca tropica is an inconspicuous crustose lichen characterised by its extremely thin, pale grey thallus (the main body of the lichen) which is often barely visible or restricted to the base of its fruiting bodies. The fruiting bodies (apothecia) are numerous and can appear either scattered across the surface or clustered in small groups of three to five. These apothecia measure 0.2–0.5 mm across, occasionally reaching 0.6 mm, and are firmly attached to the surface without stalks. The apothecia have distinctive orange to brownish-orange centres (discs) surrounded by prominent black, glossy margins. These margins are initially thick and regular but may become wavy (flexuose) and thinner as the apothecia mature. The internal structure shows a golden to golden-brown upper layer containing dense granular deposits.
When examined microscopically, the spores are distinctively thin and shaped like spindles or sickles, measuring approximately 9–12 micrometres (μm) long and 1.5–2 μm wide, with a narrow connecting bridge (isthmus) between the two cells. The species produces parietin, a secondary metabolite that turns purple when potassium hydroxide solution (the K spot test) is applied.

## Habitat and distribution

Caloplaca tropica grows on sun-exposed quartzite rocks in the dry tropical regions of central India, typically at elevations between 500–600 metres above sea level. It is often found growing alongside other lichen species including Caloplaca cinnabarina, C. poliotera, C. orissensis, and various Buellia species.
# Thomas de Brus

Sir Thomas de Brus (c. 1284, Carrick, Ayrshire – 17 February 1307) was a son of Robert de Brus, 6th Lord of Annandale and Margaret, Countess Of Carrick and thus a younger brother of King Robert I of Scotland. He supported his brother in the struggle against the English conquest, ultimately being captured by the MacDoualls at Loch Ryan, Galloway, Scotland and later executed by the English.
Thomas was married to Helen Erskine.

## Battle of Loch Ryan

During the Scottish Wars of Independence, Thomas and his brother Alexander de Brus, along with Malcolm McQuillan, Lord of Kintyre, an Irish sub king, and Sir Reginald de Crawford, sailed an invasion force consisting of eighteen galleys and 1000 Irishmen into the harbor at Loch Ryan. Their force was quickly overwhelmed by Gallowaymen, led by Dungal MacDouall, a supporter of the Balliols, Comyns and King Edward I of England, in the subsequent Battle of Loch Ryan. All the leaders were captured and only two galleys escaped. The Irish sub king and Malcolm McQuillan were executed immediately; Thomas, Alexander, and Reginald de Crawford were sent to Carlisle, England, where they were hanged, drawn, and beheaded a few days after the battle.
# Dibwangui Hydroelectric Power Station

Dibwangui Hydroelectric Power Station is a planned 15 megawatts hydroelectric power station in Gabon. The power station is under development by a consortium comprising (a) Eranove, a French independent power producer (IPP) and (b) Gabon Strategic Investment Fund (FGIS), a government-owned investment parastatal company. A long term power purchase agreement (PPA) was signed between the Gabonese authorities and Louetsi Energy, the special purpose vehicle (SPV) company which owns and is developing this power station.

## Location

The power station is located across the Louetsié River, at the village of Mandji, in Ngounié Province, in southwestern Gabon. The dam and power station are located approximately 550 kilometres (342 mi) by road, southeast of Libreville, the capital and largest city in the country.

## Overview

The design calla for a rock-fill concrete dam with hydraulic head of 23.7 metres (78 ft). Three Kaplan turbines, each rated at 5.1 MW are to be installed. A water flow rate of 25 cubic meters (25,000 L) per second is to be maintained at each turbine. The work includes the construction of an outdoor electrical substation at the power station. New overhead evacuation power lines will evacuate the power from Dibwangui to Bongolo. The electric substation at Bongolo will be expanded and remodeled to accommodate the incoming energy.

## Ownership

The consortium that owns the power statin and is developing it, has formed an ad hoc company called Louetsi Energy, to own, design, fund, develop, construct, operate and maintain the renewable energy infrastructure. The table below illustrates the shareholding in the ad hoc company.
Shareholding In Louetsi Energy :
| Rank | Shareholder | Domicile | Percentage |
| 1 | Eranove Group | France | |
| 2 | Gabon Strategic Investment Fund (FGIS) | Gabon | |
| | Total | | 100.0 |

## Other considerations

A study conducted to determine the sustainability of this power station evaluated the proposed power plant across "eleven environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance criteria". In a report made public in 2020, the power station "achieved global good practice in ESG assessment" and is "rated as an example of international good practice in sustainability design and planning".
# Baron (disambiguation)

Baron is a title of nobility.
Baron or The Baron may also refer to:

## Places

* Baron, Gard, France
* Baron, Gironde, France
* Baron, Oise, France
* Baron, Saône-et-Loire, France
* Baron-sur-Odon, France
* Baron, Allahabad, India

## People

* Baron (name), people with the surname or given name Baron
* Baron (photographer), Sterling Henry Nahum (1906–1956)

## Entertainment

* BARON.E, Swiss indie-pop music duo
* The Baron (novella), a 1942 Portuguese novella by Branquinho da Fonseca
* The Baron (TV series), a mid-1960s British television series
* The Baron (album), a 1981 album by American country singer Johnny Cash
** "The Baron" (song), a 1981 song by Johnny Cash
* The Baron (film), a 2011 Portuguese film based on the novella
* Baron, a fictional kingdom in the game Final Fantasy IV
* Baron Humbert von Gikkingen, a character in The Cat Returns
* Baron Greenback, from Danger Mouse

## Other uses

* Euthalia, a genus of butterflies known as barons
** Euthalia aconthea, a species of butterflies known as common barons
* BARON, a mathematical software package
* Beechcraft Baron, an aircraft
* Baron Hotel, Aleppo, Syria
* Baron Services, a weather technology company
* Baron convention, in the game of contract bridge
* The Baron (horse), an Irish thoroughbred racehorse of the mid-19th century
* Baron, a cut of beef comprising a double sirloin joined at the backbone
* Baron Kriminel, a spirit in the Guédé family in Haitian Vodou
* Battlin' Baron, the mascot of Bethesda-Chevy Chase High School