OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Light dressed state

In the fields of atomic, molecular, and optical science, the term light dressed state refers to a quantum state of an atomic or molecular system interacting with a laser light in terms of the Floquet picture, i.e. roughly like an atom or a molecule plus a photon. The Floquet picture is based on the Floquet theorem in differential equations with periodic coefficients.

## Mathematical formulation

The Hamiltonian of a system of charged particles interacting with a laser light can be expressed as
| $H=\sum _{i}{\frac {1}{2m_{i}}}\left[\mathbf {p} _{i}-{\frac {z_{i}}{c}}\mathbf {A(\mathbf {r} _{i},t)} \right]^{2}+V(\{\mathbf {r} _{i}\}),$ | (1) |
where $\mathbf {A}$ is the vector potential of the electromagnetic field of the laser; $\mathbf {A}$ is periodic in time as $\mathbf {A} (t+T)=\mathbf {A} (t)$. The position and momentum of the $i\,$-th particle are denoted as $\mathbf {r} _{i}\,$ and $\mathbf {p} _{i}\,$, respectively, while its mass and charge are symbolized as $m_{i}\,$ and $z_{i}\,$, respectively. $c\,$ is the speed of light. By virtue of this time-periodicity of the laser field, the total Hamiltonian is also periodic in time as
    $H(t+T)=H(t)\,.$
The Floquet theorem guarantees that any solution $\psi (\{\mathbf {r} _{i}\},t)$ of the Schrödinger equation with this type of Hamiltonian,
    $i\hbar {\frac {\partial }{\partial t}}\psi (\{\mathbf {r} _{i}\},t)=H(t)\psi (\{\mathbf {r} _{i}\},t)$
can be expressed in the form
    $\psi (\{\mathbf {r} _{i}\},t)=\exp[-iEt/\hbar ]\phi (\{\mathbf {r} _{i}\},t)$
where $\phi \,$ has the same time-periodicity as the Hamiltonian, $\phi (\{\mathbf {r} _{i}\},t+T)=\phi (\{\mathbf {r} _{i}\},t).$ Therefore, this part can be expanded in a Fourier series, obtaining
| $\psi (\{\mathbf {r} _{i}\},t)=\exp[-iEt/\hbar ]\sum _{n=-\infty }^{\infty }\exp[in\omega t]\phi _{n}(\{\mathbf {r} _{i}\})$ | (2) |
where $\omega (=2\pi /T)\,$ is the frequency of the laser field. This expression (2) reveals that a quantum state of the system governed by the Hamiltonian (1) can be specified by a real number $E\,$ and an integer $n\,$.
The integer $n\,$ in eq. (2) can be regarded as the number of photons absorbed from (or emitted to) the laser field. In order to prove this statement, we clarify the correspondence between the solution (2), which is derived from the classical expression of the electromagnetic field where there is no concept of photons, and one which is derived from a quantized electromagnetic field (see quantum field theory). (It can be verified that $n\,$ is equal to the expectation value of the absorbed photon number at the limit of $n\ll N\,$, where $N\,$ is the initial number of total photons.)
# Melissa Romano

Melissa Romano is an American politician and educator serving as a member of the Montana House of Representatives for the 81st district. Elected in November 2022, she assumed office on January 2, 2023.

## Education

Romano earned an associate of science degree in photography from Northwest College, a Bachelor of Science in social science from the University of Bridgeport, and a Master of Science in elementary education and teaching from the University of Bridgeport.

## Career

Since 2004, Romano has worked as an elementary math teacher in the Helena Public School District. In 2014, 2016, and 2020, she was a Democratic candidate for Montana superintendent of public instruction. She was elected to the Montana House of Representatives in November 2022.
# Valia Kakouti

Valia Kakouti (Greek: Βάλια Κακούτη) (born 1981 in Athens) is a Greek dancer, teacher, model and beauty pageant titleholder who won the Miss Star Hellas 2004 and was chosen to represent Greece at the Miss Universe 2004 pageant held in Quito, Ecuador. Her face has appeared in numerous fashion magazines such as Maxim and KLIK. She is also a professional ballet dancer and teacher.

## Job appearances

* Alpha Digital TV
* Estée Lauder, Greece
# Mount McGladrey

Mount McGladrey is located south of Crowsnest Pass and straddles the Continental Divide marking the Alberta-British Columbia border. It was named in 1914 after McGladrey; very little is known about the person.
# David Bowen (Wisconsin politician)

David Bowen (born January 28, 1987) is an American politician from Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing the 10th Assembly district from 2015 through 2022. He previously served on the Milwaukee County Board of Supervisors.

## Early life and education

Bowen was born in Milwaukee, the son of Jamaican immigrants. He graduated with honors from Bradley Tech High School in 2005. He participated in the youth leadership program of the Milwaukee non-profit organization Urban Underground and the Americorps program, Public Allies. He volunteered with Urban Underground attending the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, studying community engagement and education.
While at UW-M, Bowen became program director at Urban Underground, served on the Medical College of Wisconsin's Violence Prevention Initiative Steering Committee and the City of Milwaukee's Homicide Review Commission.

## Elected office

In April 2012 he was elected to the County Board for District 10, at which time he was the youngest member of that board and one of the youngest black elected officials in the history of the Milwaukee metropolitan area. He was the lead author of a living wage bill requiring all companies doing business with Milwaukee County to be paid $11.32 an hour. County Executive Chris Abele's veto of the ordinance was over-ridden.
In 2014, when Democratic incumbent Sandy Pasch announced that she would not seek re-election, Bowen was one of four candidates seeking the Democratic nomination for Wisconsin State Assembly in the 10th Assembly district. Bowen received a majority of the votes in the August 2014 Democratic primary, and was unopposed in the general election. He was subsequently re-elected in 2016, 2018, and 2020, without facing an opponent.
In 2022, Bowen ran (unsuccessfully dropping out early) for the Democratic nomination for Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin; fellow Democrat Darrin Madison was elected to succeed him in the Assembly. In 2023, he ran for an open seat on the Milwaukee Common Council, but fell 17 votes short of his opponent.

## Politics

Bowen attended the 2016 Democratic National Convention as a superdelegate, and pledged his support to Bernie Sanders. Bowen was a superdelegate by virtue of his role as vice chair of the Democratic Party of Wisconsin.
In 2019, he ran for chairman of the Democratic Party of Wisconsin, but was defeated by Ben Wikler.
# Leo (2012 film)

Leo is a 2012 Kenyan movie directed by Jinna Mutune.

## Synopsis

A young Masai boy is eager to become a super hero despite the challenges he faces in life.
# Jennifer Choi

Jennifer Choi is a Korean-American violinist based in New York City. Choi graduated from the Juilliard School and the Oberlin Conservatory of Music and has performed in a variety of settings including solo violin, chamber music, and creative improvisation and performed with the Oregon Symphony, the Portland Columbia Symphony, the Vancouver Symphony Orchestra, the Portland Youth Philharmonic, and the String Orchestra of New York City (SONYC) among others.

## Early life

Choi attended Catlin Gabel School in Portland, Oregon.

## Career

Choi has collaborated with artists such as Fred Sherry, Stephen Drury, members of the Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center, the Corigliano and Miró String Quartet, Fireworks New Music Ensemble, the Either/Or Ensemble, and the Sirius Quartet.
In 2011, Choi joined the string quartet ETHEL where she took the place of Mary Rowell.
She has premiered, performed, and recorded works by contemporary composers such as John Zorn, Annie Gosfield, Danielle Eva Schwob, Christian Wolff, Lee Hyla, Neil Rolnick, and Randall Woolf, Elliott Sharp, Richard Carrick, Keeril Makan, Susie Ibarra, and Wadada Leo Smith.

## Discography

A stalwart in the NYC contemporary music scene, Jennifer had recorded over a dozen albums for John Zorn's label, TZADIK
# Loch Lomond (Algoma District)

Loch Lomond is a lake in geographic Glasgow Township in the Unorganized North Part of Algoma District in Northeastern, Ontario, Canada. It is in the Great Lakes Basin and lies within the Chapleau Crown Game Preserve.
The primary inflow is the Lochalsh River arriving from Glasgow Lake at the west. The primary outflow, at the east, is also the Lochalsh River, which flows to Dog Lake and then via the Dog River, the Michipicoten River, and the Magpie River to Lake Superior.
# Verconia haliclona

Verconia haliclona is a species of colourful sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusk in the family Chromodorididae.

## Distribution

This marine species is endemic to Australia and occurs at depths between 0–20 m off New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia.

## Description

The length of the body varies between 6 mm and 18 mm. Their colour varies by region.
# Albert Gjerdrum

Albert Ehrensvärd Gjerdrum (22 June 1869 – 24 February 1954) was a Norwegian jurist.
He was born in Kristiania as a son of Carl Ferdinand Gjerdrum, nephew of Jørgen and Otto Gjerdrum and grandson of Ole Gjerdrum. Together with Ovidia Kloumann he had the son Carl Ferdinand Gjerdrum, who was killed during the Second World War.
He finished his secondary education in 1888 and took the cand.jur. degree in 1893. He was a deputy judge in Farsund from 1894 to 1895, junior solicitor and attorney from 1895 and lawyer from 1901. He was an attorney for Bøndernes Bank, Arbeidernes Landsbank and Spareskillingsbanken. His law firm was called A. Gjerdrum og C. F. Gjerdrum, and had its offices in the Oslo's main street Karl Johans gate.
He was also an acting judge in Oslo City Court from 1898 to 1909, and was also a defender in Oslo Court of Appeal. He handled several profiled criminal cases in his time, such as the Mossin case and the Aasheim case. In the 1920s he also lectured in civil law at the Royal Frederick University, and issued the book Utsigt over den nye Civilprosess. He was a board member of the Norwegian Bar Association from 1930, and also a member of public boards and commissions.
He received the King's Medal of Merit in gold in 1947. He died in February 1954.
# Michael Schilkin

Michael Schilkin (1 May 1900 – 3 May 1962) was a Russian-born ceramist who is best known for having worked in the art department of Arabia.
Schilkin was born in Trubino, Tver oblast, Russia and lived in Torzhok. In his youth, he worked as a tailor in Saint Petersburg, as a clerk in a railway station in Leningrad, and in 1917 following the Russian Revolution, as a sailor on a yacht, and then as a stone cutter in Helsinki, Finland.
In 1921, while sailing with a local sailing club on Lake Ladoga, Schilkin accidentally crossed the Finnish border. The team was arrested by the border guard and subsequently released. After this incident, Schilkin moved to Mikkeli and found work on a farm.
Research shows that Schilkin studied at Aalto University School of Arts, Design and Architecture in Finland and was active as an artist from 1935 until his death. His Finnish citizenship was obtained in 1937 with the help of sculptor Wäinö Aaltonen and in 1958 he received the Pro Finlandia medal.
Schilkin worked as a ceramist and created small sculptures and figurines by mixing different kinds of glass with other materials and was known for his use of strong colors.
Schilkin is buried in the Orthodox section of the Hietaniemi cemetery in Helsinki.
# Brett Davis

Brett H. Davis (born December 5, 1975) is an American businessman and former Republican politician. He served three terms in the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing the 80th Assembly district, and subsequently served as Wisconsin's state Medicaid director from 2011 to 2014.

## Background

Davis was born in Monroe, Wisconsin, and received his degree in business administration from the University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh. He served as a legislative aide and Chief of Staff for State Senator Joe Leibham (R-WI) before working as an advisor to U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services Tommy Thompson.
Davis represented the 80th Assembly District (2004–10). In private life he was a realtor during his terms in the Assembly.
On September 17, 2009, he announced that he was filing the paperwork for a potential run for Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin. However the Republican nomination for Lieutenant Governor ultimately went to Rebecca Kleefisch. In January 2011, Davis was named Wisconsin's Medicaid Director, appointed by then Secretary Dennis Smith.
On March 12, 2014, Davis announced his resignation as the Medicaid Director for Wisconsin to take a job as the vice president of provider relations at WPS Health Insurance.
More recently, Davis became president and C.E.O. of Aspirus Arise Health Plan of Wisconsin, an insurance company.

## Personal life

As of 2010, Davis resided with his family in Oregon, Wisconsin, where he is a past president of the Oregon Area Chamber of Commerce.
# Mouth Moods

Mouth Moods is the third mashup mixtape by American musician and comedian Neil Cicierega released in 2017. Like his previous mashup mixtapes Mouth Sounds and Mouth Silence, its source material is primarily Top 40 hits from the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Samples from Smash Mouth's "All Star" return, after being absent outside of Easter eggs in Mouth Silence. A fourth installment to the Mouth series, Mouth Dreams, was released in 2020.

## Reception

Mouth Moods was praised for being "just as compelling" as its predecessors, as well as for its usage of various songs in pop culture history, as well as its "enhanced orchestral scope" over the previous two mixtapes.
The mixtape includes the innuendo-filled track "Bustin", based on the Ray Parker Jr. song "Ghostbusters", which became a viral hit. The publication OC Weekly stated that it was "[a]bsolutely brilliant how an entirely new track can be created from the original elements while still containing its fun vibe."
# Willie Cochran

Willie B. Cochran (born 1953) is an American politician and former Chicago Police Department officer. Cochran served as alderman of Chicago, Illinois' 20th Ward from 2007 until 2019.

## Early life, education and career

Cochran was born one of ten children to Jasper and Gessner Cochran. Cochran graduated from Eastern Illinois University in 1975 and received his MPA from Illinois Institute of Technology. Cochran served in the Chicago Police Department from 1977 until 2003, rising from patrol-man to sergeant.

## Aldermanic career

Cochran was elected alderman for the 20th ward of the City of Chicago in 2007, unseating Arenda Troutman with 63% of the vote. Cochran was subsequently reelected in 2011 and 2015. Cochran did not seek reelection in 2019, after being indicted on a federal charge. Cochran's ward included Woodlawn, Washington Park, and Englewood, Grand Crossing, and Back of the Yards

### Corruption

In December 2016, Cochran was charged in a 15-count indictment for stealing funds "meant for poor children and seniors". According to the Associated Press, Cochran was to plead guilty in 2018. On March 21, 2019, at the Everett McKinley Dirksen United States Courthouse in Chicago, Cochran pleaded guilty to one count of wire fraud for misusing campaign funds for gambling and other personal expenses. Under the plea agreement, Cochran faced a sentence of 12 to 18 months in prison or probation. Cochran was sentenced to one year in prison on June 24, 2019 and reported to prison on August 23, 2019.
# Toussaint von Charpentier

Toussaint von Charpentier (22 November 1779 – 4 March 1847) was a German geologist and entomologist.
He was the author of Libellulinae europaeae descriptae e depictae (1840).

## Biography

Toussaint von Charpentier was born in Freiberg, Saxony ( 22 November 1779 and died in Brieg 4 March 1847. Charpentier was the son of the Saxony geologist and "Berghauptmann" (head of the mining inspectorate), Johann Friedrich William von Charpentier and the brother of Johann von Charpentier. He studied geology and mining engineering at the Bergakademie Freiberg and continued his studies at the University of Leipzig.
In the year 1802 Charpentier went to Prussia, where he accepted a place with the Silesia Oberbergamt (upper mining authority) in Breslau. Charpentier took over the management of Schweidnitz local mining authority in Schweidnitz until returning, in 1811, to the upper mining authority in Breslau.
In 1828 his transfer to Dortmund as "Vizeberghauptmann" took place. 1830 he was appointed to a post in "Oberbergamtes" Dortmund. In the year 1836 he transferred to the Silesian mining authority in the same capacity. After 1819 he was transferred to Brieg and remained there up to his death in the same office.
Charpentier published numerous writings on mountain structure and geology, in addition, to writing on his hobby, entomology. He published between 1829 and 1830 a new edition of the publications Die europäischen Schmetterlinge and Die ausländischen Schmetterlinge with Eugenius Johann Christoph Esper.

## Works

* Kurze Beschreibung sämtlicher beim Amalgamierwerk Halsbrücke bei Freiberg vorkommenden Arbeiten, 1802
* Übersetzung von Rinmans Allgemeindem Bergwerkslexikon, 1808
* Darstellung der Höhe verschiedener Berge, Flüsse und Orte Schlesiens, 1812
* Bemerkungen auf einer Reise von Breslau uber Salzburg, durch Tyrol, die sudliche Schweig nach Rom, Neapel und Paestum im Jahre 1818. Erster Theil. 1820.
* Bemerkungen auf einer Reise von Breslau uber Salzburg, durch Tyrol, die sudliche Schweig nach Rom, Neapel und Paestum im Jahre 1818. Zweiter Theil. 1820.
* Über Gletscher, 1819
* Bemerkungen auf einer Reise von Breslau über Salzburg, Tirol und der südlichen Schweiz nach Rom, Neapel und Paestum Bd. 1-2, 1820
* Horae Entomologicae, 1825
* Libellulinae Europaeae, 1840
* Orthopterae, Heft 1-10, 1841–1843
# Dolores Gresham

Dolores Gresham (born July 16, 1942) is a Republican politician from Tennessee. She is a former state senator. Gresham was elected to the Tennessee Senate in the 2008 elections after having served three terms in the Tennessee House of Representatives. Senate District 26 encompassed the counties of Chester, Crockett, Fayette, Hardeman, Hardin, Haywood, McNairy and Wayne in the western part of the state.

## Education

Gresham holds a Bachelor of Arts from University of the Incarnate Word, Master of Arts from Loyola University New Orleans and a Master of Science in administration from The George Washington University. She served in the United States Marine Corps, retiring with the rank of lieutenant colonel.

## Political career

In 2002, Gresham was elected to the Tennessee House of Representatives from District 94, which includes all of her home county of Fayette as well as parts of Tipton and Hardeman. She was re-elected in 2004 and 2006. During her time in the House, Gresham served on the Agriculture and Education Committees.
In 2008, she vacated her House seat to run for the Senate seat of John S. Wilder, the former lieutenant governor, who was retiring after 42 years in the Senate. She faced the Democrat Randy Camp, a former aide to Governor Phil Bredesen. The seat was considered one of the most competitive as both parties sought to end a 16–16–1 stalemate in the Senate. Gresham defeated Camp 54%–46%, as the Republicans took control of both houses of the Tennessee General Assembly for the first time since Reconstruction.

## Personal life

Gresham lives with her husband Will in Somerville. They attend St. Philip the Apostle Catholic Church.
* Biography portal
# And Take It with a Grain of Salt

...And Take It with a Grain of Salt is the first full-length album by the Indie rock band An Angle. It was originally released on UnderAcloud Records in 2002, and later re-released on Drive-Thru Records on November 9, 2004.

## Track listing

* "For Everyday Brought Up This One" – 3:36
* "Unnoticeable" – 2:53
* "Today I Saw Your Face" – 3:21
* "Self Medicate" – 5:58
* "Like a Locket, Like a Necklace, Like a Bracelet" – 7:18
* "Off to School" – 4:22
* "Did You, Did You, Did You" – 4:27
* "Flicker of a Cigarette" – 2:53
* "There Is a Ship, Let's Sail" – 2:47
* "Streetlights Usually Turn Yellow" – 2:33
* "An Eagle Circles the Forest" – 13:15
# Janet Ellis (politician)

For the English television presenter, actress, and writer, see Janet Ellis.
Janet Ellis is an American politician and a Democratic member of the Montana Senate. She served in the Montana House of Representatives from 2015 to 2019.
# Dashtab Rural District

Dashtab Rural District (Persian: دهستان دشتاب) is in Khabar District of Baft County, Kerman province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Kashkuiyeh.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population (as a part of the Central District) was 5,170 in 1,144 households. There were 9,079 inhabitants in 2,608 households at the following census of 2011, by which time the rural district had been separated from the district in the establishment of Khabar District. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 9,730 in 3,267 households. The most populous of its 141 villages was Kashkuiyeh, with 2,760 people.
# Mount McHarg

Mount McHarg is located in Height of the Rockies Provincial Park and straddles the Continental Divide marking the Alberta-British Columbia border. It was named in 1918 after Lieutenant Colonel William Frederick Richard Hart-McHarg, British Columbia Regiment (Duke of Connaught's Own Rifles). McHarg was a British Columbia lawyer who practised in Rossland, British Columbia before serving in the Boer War where he suffered near-fatal injuries. McHarg died in April 2015 while on a reconnaissance mission in World War I. Vancouver's Georgia Viaduct was originally named McHarg Viaduct.$^{:168}$
# Les Buck

Leslie William Buck (30 May 1915 – 23 December 1984) was a British trade unionist.
Buck grew up in Middlesex and attended Willesden County Grammar School. He completed an apprenticeship as a panel beater, and joined the National Union of Sheet Metal Workers and Braziers.
Buck gradually rose to prominence in the Sheet Metal Workers, becoming a district officer in 1957, then district secretary in 1960, and general secretary of the union in 1962. In 1964, he was also elected to the executive of the Confederation of Shipbuilding and Engineering Unions, serving as its president in 1975/6, and from 1971 he served on the General Council of the Trades Union Congress.
In 1973, the Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunications and Plumbing Union opened talks with the Sheet Metal Workers regarding a possible merger, and in exchange offered Buck the post of general secretary, but the merger did not go ahead.
Buck retired from his trade union posts in 1977, joining the board of British Aerospace until his final retirement in 1982.
# James Langdon Jr.

James H. Langdon Jr. (born January 17, 1938) was a Republican member of the North Carolina General Assembly. He represented the 28th district.
# Michelle Udall

Michelle Udall (née Miles; born March 23, 1976) is an American politician and a former Republican member of the Arizona House of Representatives elected to represent District 25 in 2016 until 2023. She is also a former member of the Mesa school board.

## Biography

Michelle Miles married Jesse Udall, the namesake grandson of Jesse Addison Udall and a member of the prominent Udall family. She has been described by The Arizona Republic as a moderate Republican.
In February 2022, Udall alongside fellow Republican Arizona House members Regina Cobb and Joanne Osborne crossed party lines to vote against HB 2811, a bill that would have banned manufacturing or prescribing medication that would cause an abortion, citing the multiple uses of those medications.

## Elections

* 2014 - Udall was defeated in the Arizona House of Representatives District 25 Republican Primary by incumbent Justin Olson and Russell Bowers.
* 2016 - Udall and incumbent Russell Bowers defeated Ross Groen in the Republican Primary and went on to defeat Democrat Kathleen Rahn in the general election.