OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi

Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Ashraf al-Ḥusaynī al-Samarqandī (Persian: شمس الدین سمرقندی; c. 1250 – c. 1310) was a 13th century Persian astronomer and mathematician from Samarkand, now in Uzbekistan.

## Life

Little is known of al-Samarqandi's life, who composed his most important works during the 13th and 14th centuries. He wrote works on theology, logic, philosophy, mathematics and astronomy which are important in their own right, but also provide information about the works of other astronomers. His treatise, Risala fi adab al-bahth, is a discussion of dialectic reasoning as used by the ancient Greeks. He wrote Synopsis of Astronomy, and produced a star catalogue for the year 1276–1277.
Al-Samarqandi wrote a 20-page work which discussed 35 of Euclid's propositions. In his preparation of the work, al-Samarqandi consulted the works of other Muslim mathematicians such as Ibn al-Haytham, Omar Khayyam, Al-Abbās ibn Said al-Jawharī, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, and Athīr al-Dīn al-Abharī.
# Edgar Langeveldt

Edgar Langeveldt is a Zimbabwean comedian, singer-songwriter and actor.

## Background

Langeveldt was born in 1969. He studied law and political science.
In Zimbabwe he is above all known for his performances as a stand-up comedian. Since 2001, Langeveldt works and travels greatly outside Zimbabwe, because of the political situation under the regime of President Mugabe. As a result he is yet widely known in South Africa as well.
In his performances his satire deals with subjects as contrarieties, social abuses and social injustices. He pokes fun at his own as well as other communities. In this profession he writes his own texts. In 2001 he played a minor role in the action film High Explosive. Furthermore, he is a singer as well.
In 2005, he was honored with a Prince Claus Award from the Netherlands within the theme humor and satire, for his role as a stand-up comedian.
As a singer he won the Carnivore Lyrics Contest in 2011. He shared this award with writer Penny Lendrum.
# Joseph Anthoon

Joseph Anthoon (born 11 August 1930) is a Belgian former swimmer. He competed in the men's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Nicky Cullum

Dame Nicola Anne Cullum DBE (born 6 June 1962) is a Professor of Nursing at the University of Manchester.

## Education

Cullum was educated at the University of Liverpool where she was awarded a Bachelor of Science degree in Pharmacology in 1984 and a Doctor of Philosophy degree in Pharmacology in 1990. She became a Registered General Nurse (RGN) in 1985.

## Research and career

Cullum completed postdoctoral research at the University of Surrey and the University of Liverpool. Between 1994 and 2011 she worked at the University of York. Her research is primarily on wound care. Since 2011 she has worked at the University of Manchester.

## Awards and honours

Cullum was made Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire for services to nursing research and wound care in the 2013 Birthday Honours. She was an inaugural National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Senior Investigator (2008–2012, renewed 2013) and was made a Fellow of both the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) and the American Academy of Nursing (FAAN) in 2012.

## Publications

Cullum has over 200 articles listed on Web of Science that have been cited over 6000 times giving her an h-index of 47. Her top three most cited articles are:
* Sheldon, T; Cullum, N; Dawson, D; Lankshear, A; Lowson, K; Watt, I; West, P; Wright, D; Wright, J (2004). "What's the evidence that NICE guidance has been implemented? Results from a national evaluation using time series analysis, audit of patients' notes, and interviews". BMJ. 329 (7473): 999–1103. doi:10.1136/bmj.329.7473.999. PMC 524545. PMID 15514342.
* O'Meara, S; Cullum, N; Nelson, EA; Dumville, JC (2012). "Compression for venous leg ulcers". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 14 (11): CD000265. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000265.pub3. PMC 7068175. PMID 23152202.
* Fletcher, A; Cullum, N; Sheldon, TA (1997). "A systematic review of compression treatment for venous leg ulcers". BMJ. 315 (7108): 576–580. doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7108.576. PMC 2127398. PMID 9302954.
# Semiscolecidae

Semiscolecidae is a family of annelids belonging to the order Arhynchobdellida.
Genera:
* Cyclobdella Weyenbergh, 1879
* Orchibdella Ringuelet, 1945
* Patagoniobdella Ringuelet, 1972
# Aelurognathus

Aelurognathus is an extinct genus of gorgonopsian therapsids from the Permian of South Africa and Zambia.

## Discovery

The type species is Aelurognathus tigriceps, originally named Scymnognathus tigriceps by South African paleontologists Robert Broom and Sydney H. Haughton in 1913, and later assigned to the new genus Aelurognathus by Haughton in 1924.
Scymnognathus parringtoni von Huene, 1950, previously assigned to Aelurognathus, is now classified as a species of Sauroctonus. Aelurognathus nyasaensis Haughton, 1926 is not referable to the genus.

## Palaeobiology

A broken tooth beside the skeleton of a dicynodont from the Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone has been attributed to Aelurognathus, indicating that it scavenged. The bones of the back of the skeleton are the most scattered, suggesting that the Aelurognathus individuals fed on the rear of the carcass, removing the hind limbs to reach the soft underside. The small incisor teeth of Aelurognathus indicate that it was not able to crush bone but more likely stripped flesh from its prey like the modern-day wild dog Lycaon pictus. Bite marks on the bones of the skeleton were unlikely to have been made by Aelurognathus and may be an indication that another predator killed the dicynodont.

## Classification

Below is a cladogram from the phylogenetic analysis of Gebauer (2007):
# Murat Ocak

Murat Ocak (born 1 January 1982, in Bafra) is a former Turkish professional footballer. He retired from professional football in 2015.

## Club career

Ocak joined Çaykur Rizespor from Trabzonspor in August 2008. He joined Trabzonspor in July 2006, and went on loan to Ankaragücü and Istanbul Büyükşehir Belediyespor during 2007 and 2008.

## International career

Ocak has made three appearances for the full Turkey national football team, his debut coming in a friendly against Estonia on 28 May 2006.
# Jordan Klepper Solves Guns

Jordan Klepper Solves Guns is an hour-long Comedy Central special starring comedian Jordan Klepper, a correspondent on The Daily Show. It premiered on June 11, 2017. In it, Klepper plays a satirical depiction of a self-righteous liberal journalist seeking to confiscate all guns in America. Klepper, along with the special's writers, spent six months researching guns in America before they finished the special.
# Joseph Beecken

Joseph Jules Beecken (5 April 1904 – 5 February 1948) was a Belgian middleweight boxer who competed in the 1920s. He won the bronze medal in boxing at the 1924 Summer Olympics in the middleweight category, losing against John Elliott in the semi-final. He won the bronze medal bout against Leslie Black.
# Peter G. Callas

Peter G. Callas (February 15, 1926 – December 30, 2022) an American politician and educator. He was a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing District 2B from 1983 to 1994.

## Early life

Peter G. Callas was born on February 15, 1926, in Hagerstown, Maryland. He graduated from Western Maryland College (now McDaniel College) in 1949 with a Bachelor of Arts in history and in 1955 with a Master of Education. While at Western Maryland College, Callas played soccer. He received a diploma from Stockholm University in 1950. He attended Columbia University, and graduated from George Washington University with a Doctor of Education in 1972. His dissertation at George Washington University was titled "A Descriptive Analysis of Appalachian Voluntary Regional Educational Service Agencies".

## Career

Callas served in the U.S. Navy in the South West Pacific theatre of World War II from 1944 to 1946. He also served in the Korean War from 1951 to 1952.
Callas worked as a school administrator. He was also an adjunct professor at George Washington University. He also taught at Western Maryland College, West Virginia University and Hagerstown Junior College. He was an education consultant in Northern Nigeria from 1965 to 1967 with Washington County's Modern Aids to Education project. He was president of the Selective Service Board in 1975. He was a member and elected as president of the Washington County Board of Education from 1978 to 1982.
Callas served in the Maryland House of Delegates, representing District 2B from 1983 to 1994. He served as a Democrat.

## Personal life and death

Callas was married to Margaret (died 2007).
Callas died on December 30, 2022, at the age of 96.

## Legacy

In 2008, Callas established a scholarship fund at McDaniel College, in the name of him and his wife.
# Central District (Arzuiyeh County)

The Central District of Arzuiyeh County (Persian: بخش مرکزی شهرستان ارزوئیه) is in Kerman province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Arzuiyeh.

## History

After the 2006 National Census, Arzuiyeh District and Dehsard Rural District were separated from Baft County in the establishment of Arzuiyeh County, which was divided into two districts and five rural districts, with Arzuiyeh as its capital and only city.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2011 census, the district's population was 33,176 people in 8,722 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the district as 29,336 inhabitants in 8,570 households.

### Administrative divisions

Central District (Arzuiyeh County) Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2011 | 2016 |
| Arzuiyeh RD | 13,137 | 12,437 |
| Dehsard RD | 4,589 | 4,200 |
| Vakilabad RD | 7,895 | 5,831 |
| Arzuiyeh (city) | 7,555 | 6,868 |
| Total | 33,176 | 29,336 |
| RD = Rural District |||
# Ladian

Ladian is a small village in Kharian Tehsil, Gujrat District, Punjab, Pakistan. It is known for its brave son Major Raja Aziz Bhatti Shaheed, who is the recipient of the Nishan-e-Haider (Lit.: Emblem of Lion), the highest military gallantry award of Pakistan. Ladian is located at 32°48'06"N 74°02'03"E
Most of the population of the village belongs to the Rajput, Gujjar and Jat castes. The other prevailing casts are Bhatti and Kashmiri. The Haqlay, Mehar, Ladi, Mians, Padhanas, Kharis, Chandi are the sub casts of Gujjars. The name of the village is in reference to the Ladi cast. It is believed that the Ladis established this village and other casts migrated here subsequently.
Agricultural gains are the mainstay of economy. Different types of corps are cultivated throughout the entire year.

## Education

Literacy Rate of the village is 40%. Most of the people are settled in European, America & Arab countries. Every year on 6 September, a very graceful army parade is conducted. The only road is from Kharin to Kotla Arab Ali Khan. This road has an important role from a defence point of view, as this road connects the main cantonment to the border area towards Azad Kashmir.
The village has 4 Schools & one Rural health Dispensary serving the people. The special contribution of Mr.Sardar Bhatti in education is highly appreciated to improve the education standards. Beaconhouse school system and other good schools are also in the vicinity of 25 minutes drive from the village. Main G.T Road connecting Islamabad and Lahore is about 40 minutes drive from the village.

## Notable people

Raja Aziz Bhatti

## Neighborhood

Some of the important towns and village's in the vicinity are: Guliana, Bhagwal, Lalamusa, Kharian, Bhurach Basoha, Sabour, Daulat Nagar, Gujrat, Bhimber, Azad Kashmir, Kotla Arab Ali Khan, and Kakrali.

## Sports

Cricket & Volleyball are popular games in youngsters. The youngsters are enthusiastic & energetic to explore Europe & America.
# Aetalionidae

Aetalionidae are a family of treehoppers in the superfamily Membracoidea. Aetalionidae are somewhat like Membracidae in that they have one to three rows of short spines on the hind tibia but differ in having the front femur fused to the trochanter and the scutellum is completely exposed. The females have finger-like protrusions on the genital capsule. The family is mostly Neotropical. The subfamily Biturritiinae is Neotropical while the subfamily Aetalioninae has a Neotropical genus Aetalion and the sole Old World representative genus Darthula with a single species Darthula hardwickii (which is eaten in parts of China and India).
Membracoidea
Aetalionidae
Membracidae
Cicadellidae
Melizoderidae
Myerslopiidae :
Family relations within the Membracoidea :
They form aggregations on the branches of trees where they produce honeydew and are associated with ants and stingless bees. Aetalionid treehoppers are also known for their maternal care with females standing guard over their eggs.
When disturbed, species like Darthula hardwickii are known to raise their tails in a threatening posture.
# Sea Salts

Sea Salts is a 1949 animated short film featuring Donald Duck. It was released by Walt Disney Productions.

## Plot

'Mac' Bootle Beetle tells the story of the time he and Donald Duck were sole survivors of a shipwreck. The story involves how Donald cheats Mac out of food, both on the raft and the deserted island they land on. Eventually they were rescued and became life-long friends.

## Voice cast

* Clarence Nash as Donald Duck
* Dink Trout as "Mac" Bootle Beetle

## Home media

The short was released on December 11, 2007, on Walt Disney Treasures: The Chronological Donald, Volume Three: 1947-1950.
# Acanthophoenix rubra

Acanthophoenix rubra, the barbel palm, is a critically endangered palm endemic to Mauritius, Rodrigues, and La Reunion that is prized for its edible palm hearts.

## Naming and description

It is also known as the red- or yellow- Barbel palm, red palm, Mascarene Islands cabbage palm, and palmiste rouge, palmiste bourre, palmiste des bois, palmiste des hauts, palmiste épineux, palmiste zépines, palmiste piquant in French.
This palm was first described as Areca rubra by French naturalist Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent in 1804 and classified by German botanist Hermann Wendland in its own genus Acanthophoenix in 1867. It can reach a height of 25 m. The trunk is slender, with a diameter of 18 cm. The crown contents of about 10 leaves approximately 3 m in size which are arranged convoluted.
In his 1995 checklist of seed plants, Rafaël Govaerts considered A. crinita to be a synonym of Acanthophoenix rubra, as did Govaerts and John Dransfield in their 2005 checklist of palms. However, in his revision of the genus, N. Ludwig recognised A. crinita as a separate species.

## Threats

The Barbel palm is endangered due to habitat destruction to make way for sugarcane plantations, and its high value as edible and medicinal plant. The palm heart is a delicacy. About 150 individuals occur in the wild on Mauritius. It is widely grown in cultivation.

## Synonyms

* Areca rubra Bory (1804).
# Golgotha Monastery

Golgotha Monastery is a monastery located on the Orkney island of Papa Stronsay. The monastery was founded in 1999, after the monastic community of the Sons of the Most Holy Redeemer purchased the island that year from farmer Charles Ronald Smith.

## History

After the island was purchased for £250,000 by the Sons of the Most Holy Redeemer in 1999, a congregation of Catholic monks established the Golgotha Monastery. The Sons of the Most Holy Redeemer was established in 1988 by the Redemptorist priest Michael Mary Sim, and was previously affiliated with the Society of Saint Pius X. The population of Papa Stronsay as of the 2020s is approximately 26, consisting entirely of the monks who reside within the Golgotha Monastery.
# Elizabeth Edwards (politician)

Elizabeth Edwards (born 1988) is an American politician and former Democratic member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives who represented the Hillsborough 11th district from 2014 to 2018.

## Political activity

Although a member of the Democratic Party, Edwards was initially endorsed by the libertarian New Hampshire Liberty Alliance, and was "closely associated" with the Free State Project (FSP). She since distanced herself from the FSP, and was not endorsed by the NHLA when she ran for re-election in 2016.
In January 2016, Edwards introduced a bill to decriminalize prostitution in New Hampshire between consenting adults. The bill was opposed by Republican house majority leader Richard Hinch, who commented that "society is just not ready for that". Edwards is also an advocate of drug policy reform. With assistance from other FSP members, Edwards helped pass a bill to give drug users immunity from prosecution when they report a drug-related medical emergency.

## Personal life

Her father, Jess Edwards, has served in the House since 2016 as a Republican. He credits her example with leading him to run for office, although they differ on many issues and often voted on different sides of issues during the time they served together.
# Vito Žuraj

Vito Žuraj (born 7 May 1979) is a Slovenian composer of contemporary music whose works are performed internationally.

## Career

Born in Maribor, he obtained a degree in composition and music theory with Marko Mihevc at the Ljubljana Academy of Music. He then moved to Dresden to further his education at the Hochschule für Musik Carl Maria von Weber with Lothar Voigtländer, and moved to study with Wolfgang Rihm at the Hochschule für Musik Karlsruhe, where he completed a master's degree in computer music, supervised by Thomas A. Troge.
Žuraj writes chamber, vocal and symphonic music. He has composed for Boštjan Lipovšek, among others. Several of his symphonic works have been performed by the Maribor Philharmonic, the RTV Slovenia Symphony Orchestra, and the Slovenian Philharmonic Orchestra, with Simon Robinson, Lior Shambadal and Marko Letonja conducting. Festivals included the Salzburg Festival, the Ultraschall festival in Berlin, the Darmstädter Ferienkurse and the Wittener Tage für neue Kammermusik, the Gaudeamus Muziekweek and the Takefu International Music Festival in Japan. His works have been commissioned and performed by orchestras including the New York Philharmonic, the BBC Symphony Orchestra and the hr-Sinfonieorchester, and by ensembles such as Ensemble Modern, Klangforum Wien, Ensemble Recherche, and the RIAS Kammerchor, by conductors such as Sylvain Cambreling, Beat Furrer, Johannes Kalitzke, Brad Lubman, Franck Ollu, Matthias Pintscher and Emilio Pomàrico [de].

## Awards

* 2017 Claudio Abbado Composition Prize of the Orchester-Akademie of the Berlin Philharmonic

## Works
### Stage works

* Blühen (2023)

### Orchestral works

* Automatones (2023)

## Discography

* Maxply (2010)
* Crosscourt (2008)
* Chamber Music (2003)
* Composer's presentation – Vito Žuraj (2001)
# Golling an der Erlauf

Golling an der Erlauf is a town in the district of Melk in the Austrian state of Lower Austria.
# Lagoa Rasa (quilombo)

Lagoa Rasa is a quilombola community located in the city of Catolé do Rocha, in the state of Paraíba, Brazil, where its main source of income is subsistence agriculture, such as corn and beans and the manufacture of handicrafts on terraces and hammocks.
The territory managed by the Quilombola Community Association of Lagoa Rasa was certified as a quilombo remnant (historical remnants of former quilombos) in 2006, by the Palmares Cultural Foundation . This community has not yet had a Technical Identification and Delimitation Report published (land regularization stage).

## Listing

The listing of quilombos is provided for by the Brazilian Constitution of 1988, and certification by the Fundação Cultural Palmares is sufficient:
   Art. 216. Brazilian cultural heritage constitutes assets of a material and immaterial nature, taken individually or together, bearing references to the identity, action, memory of the different groups forming Brazilian society [...]
   § 5 All are listed documents and sites holding historical reminiscences of the former quilombos.

## Territorial situation

The lack of land title (land tenure regularization) creates difficulties for the community in developing agriculture, in addition to conflicts with farmers and land grabbers in the region. The claim to ethnic territories also allows access to some important public policies.
Traditional Peoples or Traditional Communities are groups that have a culture different from the local predominant culture, which maintain a way of life closely linked to the natural environment in which they live. Through its own forms: social organization, use of territory and natural resources (with a relationship to subsistence ), its socio-cultural-religious reproduction uses knowledge transmitted orally and in everyday practice.
# Ahaetulla fronticincta

Ahaetulla fronticincta, commonly known as Günther's whipsnake, the Burmese vine snake or the river vine snake, is a species of fish-eating vine snake found in Southeast Asia.

## Taxonomy

It belongs to the genus Ahaetulla, one of five genera within the subfamily Ahaetuliinae. The relationships of Ahaetulla fronticincta to some other Ahaetulla species, and to the other genera within Ahaetuliinae, can be shown in the cladogram below, with possible paraphyletic species noted:

## Distribution and habitat

It is found in bushes and other low vegetation along tidal rivers and mangrove in coastal parts of Myanmar (Burma). There are also old records from neighbouring northeastern India (Assam and Darjeeling), but these are considered questionable and it has not been located there during recent surveys. It is generally common in appropriate habitats within its known range.

## Description

It is slender, up to about 1 m (3 ft) long, and either green or brownish with a paler underside.

## Behavior

This diurnal, mildly venomous snake feeds only on fish. It strikes at a fish in water while maintaining half of its body wrapped around a branch or twig. The mild venom of this snake renders the fish immobile.
It is ovoviviparous.
# Smulți

Smulți is a commune in Galați County, Western Moldavia, Romania with a population of 1,598 people. It is composed of a single village, Smulți.
# Bagumbayan

Bagumbayan may refer to:

## Places in the Philippines

* Bagumbayan, Sultan Kudarat, a municipality
* Bagumbayan Field, old name of Rizal Park, Manila
* Bagumbayan, Quezon City, a barangay in Quezon City, Eastern Manila District
* Bagumbayan, Taguig, a barangay in Southern Manila District
* Bagumbayan North, a barangay in Navotas, Northern Manila District
* Bagumbayan South, a barangay in Navotas, Northern Manila District
* Bagumbayan, a barangay in Bulakan, Bulacan
* Bagumbayan, a barangay in Cataingan, Masbate
* Bagumbayan, a barangay in Kabuntalan, Maguindanao del Norte
* Bagumbayan, a barangay in Llanera, Nueva Ecija
* Bagumbayan, a barangay in Marogong, Lanao del Sur
* Bagumbayan, a barangay in Malalag, Davao del Sur
* Bagumbayan, a barangay in Masbate City
* Bagumbayan, a barangay in Pandan, Antique
* Bagumbayan, a barangay in President Quirino, Sultan Kudarat
* Bagumbayan, a barangay in Sergio Osmeña, Zamboanga del Norte
* Bagumbayan, a barangay in Teresa, Rizal

## Other

* Bagumbayan–Volunteers for a New Philippines (Bagumbayan-VNP), a political party in the Philippines