OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Karl Ferdinand von Gräfe

Karl Ferdinand von Gräfe, (8 March 1787 – 4 July 1840) was a German surgeon from Warsaw.
He was the father of ophthalmologist Albrecht von Graefe (1828–1870) and grandfather of politician Albrecht von Graefe (1868-1933).

## Biography

Gräfe studied medicine at Halle and Leipzig, and after obtaining his licence from Leipzig, he was in 1807 appointed a private physician to Duke Alexius of Anhalt-Bernburg. In 1811, he became a professor of surgery and director of the ophthalmological institute at the University of Berlin. His lectures at the University of Berlin attracted students from all parts of Europe. During the Sixth Coalition against Napoleon, he was a superintendent of military hospitals.
When peace was concluded in 1815, Gräfe resumed his professorial duties. He was also appointed physician to the general staff of the Prussian army, and he became a director of the Friedrich Wilhelm Institute and of the Medico-Chirurgical Academy (Charité).
Gräfe died suddenly at Hanover, where he had been called to operate on the eyes of the crown prince. His grave is preserved in the Protestant Friedhof II der Jerusalems- und Neuen Kirchengemeinde (Cemetery No. II of the congregations of Jerusalem's Church and New Church) in Berlin-Kreuzberg, south of Hallesches Tor.
He was a pioneer of plastic and reconstructive surgery, and a founder of German rhinoplastic surgery. He developed his own techniques in regards to rhinoplasty, being modifications of the Italian methods of Gasparo Tagliacozzi (1545–1599) as well as Indian surgical practices from long ago. He also made contributions towards the development of cleft palate repair, and was a pioneer of eyelid surgery, coining the term "blepharoplasty" in 1818. He is also reputed to have carried out the first reported clitoridectomy in the Western Europe, which was done on a teenage girl regarded as an "imbecile" who was masturbating.

## Works

The following are his principal works:
* Normen für die Ablösung größerer Gliedmaßen (Berlin, 1812) – Standards for the removal of larger limbs.
* Rhinoplastik (1818) – Rhinoplasty.
* Neue Beiträge zur Kunst, Teile des Angesichts organisch zu ersetzen (1821).
* Die epidemisch-kontagiose Augenblennorrhoe Ägyptens in den europäischen Befreiungsheeren (1824) – The epidemic involving ophthalmic blennorrhea in Egypt affecting the European liberation armies.
* Jahresberichte ber das klinisch-chirurgisch-augenarztliche Institut der Universität zu Berlin (1817-1834) – Annual reports on the clinical-surgical-ophthalmology institute at the University of Berlin.
With Philipp Franz von Walther, he edited the Journal für Chirurgie und Augenheilkunde.
# Cindy Pugh

Cindy Pugh (born May 1, 1957) is an American politician and former member of the Minnesota House of Representatives. A member of the Republican Party of Minnesota, she represented District 33B in the western Twin Cities metropolitan area.

## Education

Pugh attended the University of Wisconsin–Madison, graduating with a B.S. in Consumer Science. She also received a FastTrac Certificate from the School of Entrepreneurship at the University of St. Thomas.

## Minnesota House of Representatives

Pugh was first elected to the Minnesota House of Representatives in 2012. Pugh, a Tea Party leader, followed "Republican Michele Bachmann’s call to politics."
Democrat Kelly Morrison, a first-time candidate, defeated Pugh in the 2018 general election. Morrison's election represents the first time the bulk of the area composing today's District 33B have been represented by a member of the DFL party in nearly 4 decades.

## Personal life

Pugh is married to her husband, Jack. They have two children and reside in Chanhassen, Minnesota.

## Political activities

Pugh was a co-founder of the Southwest Metro Tea Party and follower of Michele Bachmann.

## Controversies

Pugh and two other Republicans generated controversy in 2018 when they claimed to have knowledge of a "plot to 'mobilize Muslims to infiltrate our Republican caucuses'." The chairperson of the Minnesota Republican Party later rejected the post, stating that Muslims were welcome to caucus with Republicans and noting that "there is no religious test to participate in the Republican caucus." Pugh later renounced the post, but charges of Islamophobia based on this event and others continued to follow her.
# Lucky One Mall

Lucky One Mall is a shopping mall located in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan, which is owned by Yunus Brothers Group. It is the largest shopping mall in Pakistan, with an area of about 3.4 million square feet.

## History

Lucky Mall was constructed on the land originally owned by Fazal Textile Mills, a listed company which was acquired by the Yunus Brother Group in 1987. The mill specialized in producing cotton ring-spun yarn and was located in the industrial estate of Federal B. Area. As the population of Karachi increased, the land of the mill became part of the city and its real estate value increased. Due to this reason, on October 8, 2008, Fazal Textile Mills decided to relocate its production facility to Nooriabad, near the Super Highway, and construct a mega mall and luxurious residential towers on the existing land of the mill.
In 2010, the Lucky One Mall Project was conceived as a joint venture between Lucky Textile Mills and Fazal Textile Mills. To manage the construction, development, and maintenance of the project, a special purpose vehicle (SPV) named Lucky One (Private) Limited was formed in August 2010, following shareholder approval. In September 2014, the shareholders of Lucky Landmark and Fazal Textile Mills decided to dissolve Fazal Textile Mills by merging the Lucky One Project with Lucky Landmark (Private) Limited and integrating Fazal's textile operations with Gadoon Textiles Limited.
In 2017, the mall was opened to the public.

## Facilities

It also includes an atrium, brand outlets and food court. The mall also features the indoor theme park Onederland, which consists of over 200 attractions across 2 levels.
It includes Carrefour, a large renowned hyper market offering a large variety of different grocery, household & electronic items. There are many other famous brands like Hush Puppies, Travel Mate, Service Shoes, Stylo Shoes, Sputnik Footwear, Interwood Mobel, Bata Corporation, Gree Electric and more.

## Residential towers

Lucky One Towers is a residential project under construction in Karachi, comprising eight buildings, each having 28 floors and a mall at podium level.
# Regina Rifles

The Regina Rifles are a Junior B box lacrosse team based in Regina, Saskatchewan, playing in the top league in Saskatchewan, the Prairie Gold Lacrosse League. The expansion team entered the Saskatchewan Major Box Lacrosse League (later became PGLL) in 2010.

## History

The Rifles joined the Regina Riot as the second Junior B team from Regina. The Rifles are operated and managed by the Queen City Minor Box Lacrosse Association in Regina. Their home arena is the Co-operators Centre.
The Rifles won their first-ever game in the Prairie Gold Lacrosse League, 11-5 over the Assiniboia Attack. The first goal scored by a Rifles player was in exhibition play by Brett Kealey. The first hat trick by a Rifle player was scored by Taylor Frei, who went on to win the team goal-scoring title and the PGLL league goal scoring title during the Rifles inaugural season. The Rifles surprised the league by finishing with a .500 season and tied for fifth overall in the standings.

## Season-by-season

| Season | W | L | T | Finish | Playoff Result |
| 2010 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 5th (tied) of 9 | DNQ |
| 2011 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6th of 8 | DNQ |
| 2012 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 2nd of 8 | Runner-up (lost to Regina Riot) |
| 2013 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 2nd of 8 | Champions (defeated Saskatoon Smash) |
| 2014 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 1st of 7 | Runner-up (lost to Saskatoon Smash) |
| 2015 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 2nd of 4 | Runner-up (lost to Regina Riot) |
| 2016 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 1st (tie) of 5 | Champions (defeated Regina Riot) |
# Marja-Helena Pälvilä

Marja-Helena Pälvilä (born 4 March 1970) is a Finnish retired ice hockey player. She was a member of the Finnish women's national ice hockey team throughout the 1990s and 2000s and won a bronze medal at the inaugural Olympic women's ice hockey tournament at the 1998 Winter Olympics. Pälvilä also represented Finland in the women’s ice hockey tournaments at the 2002 and 2006 Winter Olympics, and won bronze medals at the IIHF Women's World Championships in 1997 and 2000, and at the 1996 IIHF European Women Championships.
# Gretchen Hoffman

Gretchen M. Hoffman (born April 1957) is a Minnesota politician and former member of the Minnesota Senate who represents District 10, which included all or parts of Becker, Otter Tail, and Wadena Counties in the northwestern part of the state. A Republican, she is a registered nurse and a former small business owner.

## Early life, education, and medical career

Hoffman was born and raised in Fargo, North Dakota. She graduated from Fargo South High School and later completed her R.N. training. She has worked as a cardiac intensive care nurse, an emergency room nurse, a staff nurse, and a chemotherapy and oncology nurse. She sits on the board of directors of GPK Products, Inc., a family-owned manufacturer of PVC water and wastewater fittings. She also volunteers at a pro-life clinic as a receptionist and nurse. She is a member of the National Rifle Association of America.

## Minnesota Senate
### 2010 election

She ran for the Minnesota Senate in the 10th district. She defeated incumbent Democratic State Senator Dan Skogen 55%-45%.

### Tenure

On May 20, 2011, during a Health and Human Services budget debate, Hoffman tweeted: "#Sen Goodwin just called people with mental illness- idiots and imbeciles- while debating HHS bill #offensive #mndfl #mnsrc #mnleg". As a result of this tweet, which Senator Barb Goodwin called "mean-spirited" and a deliberate misrepresentation of her statement, Senator Ann Rest filed an ethics complaint against Hoffman. The Subcommittee on Ethical Conduct found that Hoffman's statement was "clearly misleading with respect to Goodwin's position regarding the public policy concerning the treatment of individuals with mental illnesses and disabilities" and ordered Hoffman to issue a written apology. On June 21, 2011, the Ethics Committee dismissed the complaint after Hoffman apologized to Goodwin, removed her original tweet, and tweeted a link to the committee's report on the case.

### Committee assignments

Hoffman was a member of the Capital Investment, the Health and Human Services, the Judiciary and Public Safety, and the Taxes committees. Her special legislative concerns included taxes, health and human services, and E-12 education.

## 2012 congressional race

After redistricting was completed and maps were released, Hoffman decided in February 2012 to run in Minnesota's 7th congressional district against incumbent Democratic U.S. Representative Collin Peterson, who represented Minnesota's 10th Senate District himself in the 1970s and 1980s. She was unsuccessful in earning the Republican Party's endorsement, which went to Lee Byberg. Byberg lost to Peterson in the general election.
# 2024 Georgian pro-European protests

Protests across Georgia began on 28 November 2024 after the government announced that the country is putting on hold its bid to join the European Union.
A month earlier protests were held against the widely seen as fraudulent parliamentary election results which saw the ruling Georgian Dream win a majority of seats.
# Robert Ormerod

Robert Ormerod (born 1985) is a Scottish photographer, based in Edinburgh.

## Life and work

Ormerod was born in 1985 in Scotland. He grew up in Aberdeen. In 2010 he completed an NCTJ press photography course at Norton College in Sheffield and in 2007 gained a BA in journalism from the University of Stirling.
He has done work about pigeon fanciers in Glasgow and Edinburgh who practice "doo fleein'", the "doomen" and "doowomen" who lure another enthusiast's male bird using a female; people in dance halls at community centres in Edinburgh; Scottish independence in the lead up to the 2014 Scottish independence referendum through a reenactment of the Battle of Bannockburn and people he found while travelling along the M8 motorway between Edinburgh and Glasgow; politically engaged young Scots in the period after Scotland decided against independence from the UK in the 2014 referendum and since the 2016 vote in favour of Brexit; and households using their gardens whilst under lockdown in Edinburgh, during the COVID-19 pandemic, photographed from above using an aerial camera.
Ormerod's long-term project about space enthusiasts, Above Us the Day, has involved photographing the mythology around UFO sightings on a road trip from Roswell, New Mexico (sight of the Roswell UFO incident) to Area 51 in Nevada, USA; amateur rocket builders at events in the Highlands of Scotland and Nevada; moonscapes and people who chase the northern lights, made while travelling around Iceland's Ring Road, Route 1; and attendees of Space Camp for Interested Visually Impaired Students.
He lives in Edinburgh.
# Straw Hat Pizza

Straw Hat Pizza is a chain of pizza restaurants founded in 1959 in San Leandro, California.

## History

Charlie Olson and Bill Henderlong founded Straw Hat Pizza in 1959, after working together for a regional chain called Me-N-Ed's. They named the store after hats worn by employees at their former employer. At one point there were 230 locations across California and Nevada.

## Locations

As of February 2024, the company's website lists 28 locations spread across California.
# Voilà (Sarah song)

"Voilà" is a song by Italian singer-songwriter Sarah. It was released on 13 April 2024 by Warner Music Italy as from the second EP Sarah.

## Description

The song is a cover of the song of the same name that the singer-songwriter performed during her participation in the twenty-third edition of the talent show Amici di Maria De Filippi and produced by Eugenio Valente.

## Music track

The music track was published in conjunction with the single release through the Sarah's YouTube channel.
# National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act 10 of 2004

The National Environmental Management: Biodiversity, Act 2004 (Act 10 of 2004, abbr. NEMBA) is a supporting act to the framework set out in the National Environmental Management Act, 1998. It enforces Section 24 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa; promoting the conservation and sustainable use of South Africa's biodiversity.

## Purpose

   To provide for the management and conservation of South Africa's biodiversity within the framework of the National Environmental Management Act,1998; the protection of species and ecosystems that warrant national protection; the sustainable use of indigenous biological resources; the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from bioprospecting involving indigenous biological resources; the establishment and functions of a South African National Biodiversity Institute; and for matters connected therewith.

## History

On 3rd April 2009, Minister of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Marthinus van Schalkwyk, published a draft of the Alien and Invasive Species programme. A second draft was published in 2014.$^{:61,97}$ On 1st August 2014, Minister of Environmental Affairs, Edna Molewa published the Alien and Invasive Species regulation.
# Union of Jewish Women

The Union of Jewish Women (UJW) was a trade union and the first national Jewish women's society in Britain. The UJW was formed with the intention of bringing women's perspectives to matters of importance to the Jewish community.

## Formation

The UJW was formed in 1902. Poor Russian Jewish immigrants settling in the East End of London created demand for services for this community. The UJW was formed to address issues that Jewish women faced through activism.
It was inspired by the National Union of Women Workers (NUWW), which had been established in 1895. In 1900, a group of Jewish women gathered at the home of Lady Louisa de Rothschild and decided to organise the May 1902 Conference of Jewish Women.

## Work

The Union declared itself to be an "all-embracing sisterhood," forming a "bond between Jewish women of all degrees and all shades of opinion, religious, social and intellectual."
The Union organized a system of volunteers trained to help women seeking employment and to assist Jewish charitable institutions. Before World War I the UJW was composed primarily of upper-class women who had little contact with the working class women the organisation was created to help.
The UJW had mixed success; in 1924 the Council of the United Synagogue voted against the franchise for women, though many of those individual synagogues had already agreed to support it. In order to be more effective, the UJW joined many women's organisations to promote further extension of women's suffrage.
The UJW dissolved in 1930.

## Notable members

* Alice Model
* Eleanor Nathan
* Lady Louise De Rothschild (founding member)
* Nina Salaman
# Xiaobitan branch line

The Taipei Metro Xiaobitan Branch Line is a high-capacity, elevated branch line of the Songshan–Xindian line. Although it is a high-capacity line, only 1 train set (3 cars) is currently being used. Xiaobitan station itself is built inside the Xindian Depot. The branch line is 1.9 km (1.2 mi) long and has two stations.

## History

* 24 September 2004: Xiaobitan Line opens for free trials.
* 29 September 2004: Xiaobitan Line begins revenue service.
* 22 July 2006: A three-car train set built especially for the Xiaobitan Branch Line begins operations.
* 6 October 2007: Due to strong winds from Hurricane Krosa, service was temporarily suspended from 3:30 PM.
When the line first opened, some people complained about noise problems. Thus, sound-muffling walls were built along the tracks coming into the station.
The line has a capacity of 4,140 passengers per hour.

## Stations

| Code | Station Name | Station Name | Transfer | District |
| Code | English | Chinese | Transfer | District |
| G03 | Qizhang | 七張 | | Xindian, New Taipei |
| G03A | Xiaobitan (Xindian Senior High School) | 小碧潭 (新店高中) | | Xindian, New Taipei |
# 1904 California Golden Bears football team

The 1904 California Golden Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Berkeley during the 1904 college football season. The team competed as an independent under head coach James Hopper and compiled a record of 6–1–1. This marked the team's inaugural season at California Field.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| October 1 | | Sherman Indians | California FieldBerkeley, CA | W 6–0 | |
| October 8 | | Olympic Club | California FieldBerkeley, CA | W 10–0 | |
| October 18 | | Multnomah Athletic Club | California FieldBerkeley, CA | W 20–0 | |
| October 22 | | Oregon | California FieldBerkeley, CA | W 12–0 | 4,000 |
| October 29 | | Pomona | California FieldBerkeley, CA | W 5–0 | |
| November 5 | | Nevada State | California FieldBerkeley, CA | W 16–0 | |
| November 12 | | Stanford | California FieldBerkeley, CA (Big Game) | L 0–18 | |
| November 24 | 1:00 p.m. | at Washington | Recreation ParkSeattle, WA | T 6–6 | 3,000 |
| All times are in Pacific time |||||||
# Minsheng–Xizhi line

The Minsheng–Xizhi or the Sky Blue line (Code: SB) of Taipei Metro is a planned line on the Taipei Metro. Its stations abbreviate as "SBXX," with XX being the station number (i.e. SB13).

## Stations

| Code | Station Name | Station Name | Transfer | Districts | City |
| Code | English | Chinese | Transfer | Districts | City |
| SB01 | Dadaocheng | 大稻埕 | | Datong | Taipei |
| SB02 | Shuanglian | 雙連 | (R12) | Datong, Zhongshan | Taipei |
| SB03 | Xingtian Temple | 行天宮 | (O09) | Zhongshan | Taipei |
| SB04 | NTPU Taipei Campus | 北大台北校區 | (BR12) (out-of-station) | Zhongshan | Taipei |
| SB05 | Dongshe | 東社 | | Songshan | Taipei |
| SB06 | Minsheng Community | 民生社區 | | Songshan | Taipei |
| SB07 | Jiulizu | 舊里族 | (Y38) | Neihu | Taipei |
| SB08 | Wanzi | 灣仔 | | Neihu | Taipei |
| SB09 | Huluzhou | 葫蘆洲 | | Neihu | Taipei |
| SB10 | Donghu | 東湖 | (BR22) | Neihu | Taipei |
| SB11 | Xiashehou | 下社后 | ■ Donghu Branch Line (suspended) | Xizhi | New Taipei |
| SB12 | Shehou | 社后 | | Xizhi | New Taipei |
| SB13 | Zhangshuwan | 樟樹灣 | Keelung Mass Rapid Transit (Planning) | Xizhi | New Taipei |
| SB14 | Xike | 汐科 | Keelung Mass Rapid Transit (Planning) | Xizhi | New Taipei |
| SB15 | Xizhi District Office | 汐止區公所 | Keelung Mass Rapid Transit (Planning) | Xizhi | New Taipei |
* Note: all station names are only possible names.

### Donghu branch line

The planning of Donghu branch line is currently suspended and not included in the construction plan.
| Code | Station Name | Station Name | Transfer | Location |
| Code | English | Chinese | Transfer | Location |
| SB11 | Xiashehou | 下社后 | ■ Minsheng-Xizhi Line | New Taipei |
| SB11A | Wufen | 五分 | | New Taipei Taipei |
| SB11B | Huotankeng | 火炭坑 | | New Taipei Taipei |
| SB11C | Neigou | 內溝 | | Taipei |

## History

* December 2007: A corridor study was completed.
* 15 November 2013: The Department of Rapid Transit Systems will hold a public hearing regarding the line's planning.
* 21 October 2014: Early works commenced
# Dennis Stewart

Dennis Stewart may refer to:
* Dennis Stewart (basketball) (born 1947), American professional basketball player
* Dennis Stewart (judoka) (born 1960), British judoka
* Dennis Cleveland Stewart (1947–1994), American actor and dancer
# Milionia paradisea

Milionia paradisea is a moth in the genus Milionia native to the islands of New Guinea and Sulawesi, Indonesia.

## Appearance

This species appears to be a black butterfly like moth with two orange lines on the upper wings and two red rectangular features on the bottom two wings. The pattern merges to blue as you go towards the abdomen which is also neon blue. It has yellow bristles at the end of its abdomen.
# Ragnar Fjoran

Ragnar Fjoran (born 17 June 1945) is a Norwegian sailor. He was born in Trondheim. He competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.
# Corythucha bellula

Corythucha bellula is a species of lace bug in the family Tingidae. It is found in North America.
# Myrmecocystus mimicus

Myrmecocystus mimicus is a North American species of ant in the genus Myrmecocystus. The species is widely distributed, from Kansas south to Texas and Mexico, and west to California.