OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kretzschmaria deusta

Kretzschmaria deusta, commonly known as brittle cinder, is a fungus and plant pathogen found in temperate regions.

## Taxonomy

The species was originally described as Sphaeria deusta by German naturalist George Franz Hoffman in 1787, and later changed in 1970 by South African mycologist P.M.D. Martin to Kretzschmaria deusta. The epithet deusta was derived from Latin, meaning burnt.

## Description

Kretzschmaria deusta is described as a wavy-edged cushion or crust, ranging in color from grey to white when young, and changing to black and brittle with age. Older fruitbodies look similar to charred wood, probably leading to them being underreported or ignored. Kretzschmaria deusta has a flask-shaped perithecium that contains asci in the fertile surface layer. Asci are typically 300 x 15 μm, with 8 spores per ascus. Smooth conidiospores also produced via asexual reproduction, typically 7 x 3 μm.
New fruiting bodies are formed in the spring and are flat and gray with white edges. The inconspicuous fruiting bodies persist all year and their appearance changes to resemble asphalt or charcoal, consisting of black, domed, lumpy crusts that crumble when pushed with force. The resulting brittle fracture can exhibit a ceramic-like fracture surface. Black zone lines can often be seen in cross-sections of wood infected with K. deusta. It is not edible.

### Similar species

When young, K. deusta can resemble species such as Trichoderma viride. When mature, it can resemble species of Annulohypoxylon, Camarops, Entoleuca, and Daldinia (which has a ringed interior).

## Habitat and ecology

K. deusta is found in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere on broad-leaved trees. It is also found in Argentina, South Africa, and Australia.
It inhabits living hardwood trees including, but not limited to, European beech (Fagus sylvatica), American beech (Fagus grandifolia), sugar maple (Acer saccharum), red maple (Acer rubrum), norway maple (Acer platanoides), oaks (Quercus), hackberry (Celtis), linden (Tilia), elm (Ulmus), and other hardwoods. The most probably colonization strategy of K. deusta is heart rot invasion. The initial colonization occurs through injuries to lower stems and/or roots of living trees, or through root contact with infected trees. It causes a soft rot, initially and preferentially degrading cellulose and ultimately breaking down both cellulose and lignin. The fungus continues to decay wood after the host tree has died, making K. deusta a facultative parasite.

## Treatment

Studies show the possibility of a Trichoderma species being used as a biocontrol agent against the fungal pathogen. Otherwise, there is no designated treatment for K. deusta once it has infected its host. Once established, the infection is terminal for the tree. It can result in sudden breakage in otherwise apparently healthy trees, with visually healthy crowns. This can result in hazardous trees in public settings near roadways, trails, or buildings. Therefore, the recommended treatment would be to fell trees in areas that may be hazardous and to avoid using the infected plant material as mulch.
# GNX (disambiguation)

GNX most commonly refers to the Buick GNX, a variant of the Regal. GNX may also refer to:
* Genex Power, the ASC code GNX
* Ghungrila railway station, the station code GNX
* Ganaxolone, a medication used to treat seizures
* GNX (album), by Kendrick Lamar, 2024
** "GNX" (song), by Kendrick Lamar, 2024
# 2020 XR

2020 XR is an Apollo near-Earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid roughly 390 meters (1,000 feet) in diameter. With a 5-day observation arc it was briefly listed as having a 1 in 11,000 chance of impacting Earth on 1 December 2028 placing it at the top of the Sentry Risk Table with a Palermo scale rating of -0.70.

## Discovery

2020 XR was discovered by Pan-STARRS 2 on 4 December 2020, when it was 0.426 AU (63.7 million km) from Earth and had a solar elongation of 75°. It came to perihelion on 8 December 2020. On 2 January 2021, it passed 0.328 AU (49.1 million km) from Earth.
On 13 December 2020, precovery observations from 2013, 2016, and mid-2020 extended the observation arc from 8 days to 7.8 years allowing the asteroid to be removed from the Sentry Risk Table.

## 2024

It was the Earth perturbations of the asteroid in 2024 that determined if an impact was possible in December 2028. On 4 December 2024, the asteroid will pass 0.0147 AU (2.20 million km; 5.7 LD) from Earth with an uncertainty region of about ±800 km. This will increase the asteroid's orbital period by 10 days.
Orbital period 3 months before and after 2024-Dec-04 Earth approach :
| Parameter | Epoch (date) | Orbital Period |
| Units | | (days) |
| Pre-flyby | 2024-Sep-04 | 1441 |
| Post-flyby | 2025-Mar-04 | 1451 |

## 2028

On 7 November 2028, the asteroid will pass 0.121 AU (18.1 million km) from Earth. By 1 December 2028 the asteroid will be 0.19 AU (28 million km) from Earth with an uncertainty region of about ±10,000 km.
# Chalcides lanzai

Chalcides lanzai, or Lanza's skink, is a species of skink, a lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to Morocco.

## Taxonomy

Chalcides lanzai has been considered a subspecies of Chalcides montanus and of Chalcides ocellatus.

## Etymology

The specific name, lanzai, is in honor of Italian herpetologist Benedetto Lanza.

## Habitat

C. lanzai is usually found in forest and grassland areas, and is common in the areas where it can be found.

## Conservation status

C. lanzai is unlikely to be under serious threat, though it has been affected from habitat degradation due to overgrazing.

## Reproduction

Adult females of the species C. lanzai give birth to live young. Its mode of reproduction has been described as being viviparous and as being ovoviviparous.
# Light poetry

Light poetry or light verse is poetry that attempts to be humorous. Light poems are usually brief, can be on a frivolous or serious subject, and often feature word play including puns, adventurous rhyme, and heavy alliteration. Typically, light verse in English is formal verse, although a few free verse poets have excelled at light verse outside the formal verse tradition.
While light poetry is sometimes condemned as doggerel or thought of as poetry composed casually, humor often makes a serious point in a subtle or subversive way. Many of the most renowned "serious" poets, such as Horace, Swift, Pope, and Auden, also excelled at light verse.

## Notable poets
### English

* Richard Armour
* Max Beerbohm
* Hilaire Belloc
* John Betjeman
* Morris Bishop
* Lord Byron
* C. S. Calverley
* Lewis Carroll
* Charles E. Carryl
* Brian P. Cleary
* William Rossa Cole
* Wendy Cope
* Noël Coward
* Alma Denny
* Henry Austin Dobson
* T. S. Eliot
* Willard R. Espy
* Gavin Ewart
* Charles Ghigna
* W. S. Gilbert
* Arthur Guiterman
* A. P. Herbert
* Oliver Herford
* Thomas Hood
* Frank Jacobs
* X. J. Kennedy
* Joyce La Mers
* Edward Lear
* Dennis Lee
* Newman Levy
* J. Patrick Lewis
* J. A. Lindon
* Don Marquis
* David McCord
* Phyllis McGinley
* David Morice
* Vladimir Nabokov
* Ogden Nash
* Dorothy Parker
* Alexander Pope
* Maurice Sagoff
* Shel Silverstein
* James Kenneth Stephen
* Jonathan Swift
* John Updike
* John Whitworth
* John Wilmot
* Dr Seuss

### German

* Wilhelm Busch
* Heinz Erhardt
* Robert Gernhardt
* Christian Morgenstern
* Joachim Ringelnatz
* Erich Kästner
* Eugen Roth
* Mascha Kaléko

### Dutch

* Drs. P
* Kees Stip

## Publications

* Seaver, Robert (1908), Ye butcher, ye baker, ye candlestick-maker Houghton Mifflin Company. Being sundry amusing and instructive verses for both old and young, adorned with numerous woodcuts
The following periodicals regularly publish light verse:
* Able Muse
* Light (formerly Light Quarterly), a journal of light verse
* The Spectator runs regular light verse competitions
* The Washington Post runs regular light verse competitions as part of its Style Invitational
# Clendenen

Clendenen or Clendennen is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Clarence C. Clendenen (1899–1977), American historian
* Jim Clendenen (1953–2021), American winemaker
* John Clendennen, Irish politician
* Mike Clendenen (born 1963), American football player
# Peel House

51°29′28″N 0°07′55″W﻿ / ﻿51.49122°N 0.13188°W﻿ / 51.49122; -0.13188
Peel House is a former Metropolitan Police training school in Regency Street, Pimlico, London SW1. It was built in the year 1907, and is in a conservation area, but not a listed building, and Westminster City Council has identified it as being "a building of unlisted merit". It was the Metropolitan Police Training School until its closure in May 1968, with its candidates moved to Hendon ahead of the reopening of Hendon Police College in 1974.
In 2010, it was converted into 70 residential flats and is run by the Octavia Housing Association. Peel House was the "affordable housing" element of Christian Candy and Sheikh Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani's One Hyde Park residential and retail complex located in Knightsbridge, overlooking Hyde Park, even though it was two miles away. It was reported in the Daily Telegraph, that one Regency Street commented, "They [the Candy brothers] are creating a billionaires' ghetto in Knightsbridge and putting all the poorer residents here."
# Netblender

Netblender US-based company that produces and develops software for creators of Blu-ray high definition media. Based in Alexandria, Virginia, and founded in 2005 Netblender's primary product is the DoStudio line of Blu-ray authoring software. It is one of only three producers of professional Blu-ray authoring tools. Its software is aimed at both large budget studio productions and independent film makers.
Sony Creative Software purchased Netblender in October 2011.

## Products
### Do Studio

Is one of only three professional Blu-ray encoding software products on the market today. Originally developed as an HD DVD-only tool, it was re released in 2008 for Blu-ray. It is a complete BD-ROM spec compliant tool with AACS support, BDCMF formatting, BD-J support. The tool includes a point and click graphical user interface.

### BD Touch

BD Touch is software that allows iPhones and other wifi enabled hand held devices to connect to a Blu-ray player. This connectivity has several uses. It allows to device to act as a remote control or keyboard interface to enter data into the player. It also allows media transfer between the Blu-ray player and the device, so that video can be downloaded to an iPhone. There is also a possibility of leveraging the interactive features of the Blu-ray disc and interface of an iPhone to create games where the hand held device interacts with the Blu-ray disc. The first title to be released using BD Touch was the French version of Iron Man.

### Netblender Live

Netblender live is the latest release from Netblender and was introduced at the NAB show of 2009. The program is a complete technology solution for connecting rich media content to a Blu-ray Disc via an internet connection. NetBlender Live helps with the production of online features such as updateable trailers, dynamic Picture in Picture, downloadable bonus footage.

## Awards

Netblender was nominated for the Outstanding Achievement in Advanced Media Technology for the Non-Synchronous Enhancement of Original Television Content Award of the 58th Annual Technology & Engineering Emmy Awards. It was nominated for its work on the PBS DVD, A Cultivated Life: Thomas Jefferson and Wine.
# Mondo Kagonyera

George Mondo Kagonyera, also Mondo Kagonyera, is a Ugandan veterinarian, politician, academic, and university administrator. He is the immediate past chancellor of Makerere University, the oldest and largest university in Uganda. He was appointed to that position in 2007 by President Yoweri Museveni. After serving a full four year-term, he was re-appointed for another term in 2011, and was re-installed in January 2012.

## Background and education

Kagonyer was born in Kabuga Village, Rukungiri District, in the Western Region of Uganda, circa 1941, to Zakaria Kagonyera and Elizabeth Kirihura. He attended Kigezi College Butobere for his O-Level studies, before he was admitted to Royal College Nairobi for his A-Level education. He studied at the University of Nairobi, graduating with the degree of Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine in the early 1960s. Later, he went on to obtain a Master of Science in Veterinary Medicine, from the University of California Davis, followed by a Doctor of Philosophy from the same institution.

## Work experience

In 1967, he worked as a District Veterinary Officer for Masaka district for about five months which job he dropped to go for further studies. In 1971, following graduation from the University of California with his Master of Science degree, Kagonyera joined Makerere University as a lecturer. He was instrumental in establishing the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, which has since morphed into the College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources & BioSecurity. He also served as the chairman of the university appointments board from 1993 until 1999. He left the university to join Ugandan politics in 1998. As a politician, he served as the member of Parliament for Rubabo constituency in Rukungiri District and as a minister for general duties in the office of the prime minister. He also served as the deputy managing director of the Ugandan National Social Security Fund from 2006 until 2008.
# Tela (disambiguation)

Tela is a municipality in Honduras.
Tela may also refer to:

## Biology and medicine

* Tela (from Latin, lit. 'web', used for a web-like layer of tissue, especially a thin reticular membrane)
** Tela chorioidea, a layer of tissue in the brain
** Tela subserosa (or just subserosa), a layer of connective tissue between the serosa and the muscular layer in various organs
** Tela submucosa (or just submucosa), a layer of connective tissue between the mucosa and the muscular layer in various parts of the digestive, respiratory, and genitourinary tracts

## Places

* Tela, a Romanian village in Bata, Arad, a commune in Arad County
* Tela River (Río Tela), a river in Honduras

## Other

* Television and Entertainment Licensing Authority of Hong Kong, China
* Tela (rapper), an American rap performer from Memphis, Tennessee
* "Tela", a song by the American rock band Phish from the 1987 album The Man Who Stepped into Yesterday
# Earl Ehrhart

Earl Day Ehrhart (born August 8, 1959) is an American politician and businessman from the U.S. state of Georgia. From 1989 to 2019, he served as a Republican member of the Georgia House of Representatives representing District 36, which encompasses parts of western Cobb County.

## Early life and education

Born in Miami, Florida, Ehrhart has lived in Cobb since 1964 and resides in Powder Springs. He graduated from the University of Georgia with a Bachelor of Arts in political science in 1980. While there, he was a member of Pi Sigma Alpha the national political science honor society, as well as a member of Phi Kappa Psi fraternity.

## Career

Ehrhart was first elected to the Georgia House of Representatives in 1988 and served eight years as the Minority Whip.
He served as Chairman of the House Rules Committee until January 2010, and is a member of the Appropriations, Banks, and State Institutions committees.
In 2005, Ehrhart was elected as the National Chairman of American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC). He is also a member of the National Republican Legislator Association.
In 1990, the National Federation of Independent Business named Ehrhart the "Guardian of Small Business", due to his work in Georgia. He also received the "Champion of the Free Enterprise System Award" from the Associated Builders and Contractors of Georgia. He also received awards from the Medical Association of Georgia, Kennesaw State University, The Twenty Second Air Force Reserve, and the Georgia Federation of Young Republicans.
In 2005, Ehrhart co-sponsored a bill that overhauled Georgia's child support guidelines. The bill (House Bill 221) was made law April 22, 2005.
In 2007, Ehrhart urged passage of a bill that would have legalized payday lending in Georgia. The Georgia legislature narrowly defeated the measure. In 2009, regulators withdrew the state charter Georgian Bank. Ehrhart was on the board of directors of this bank. The bank was founded in 2001 and became very profitable during the housing boom. However, it suffered losses when the real estate market collapsed.
# J. Collins

James Allen Collins (born September 23, 1976) is an American Funeral director and politician from Georgia. Collins is the former mayor of Villa Rica, Georgia and a Republican member of the Georgia House of Representatives for District 68.

## Early life

Collins' parents are a school teacher and a grocer. Collins' grandfather was J. Edwin Busbin, a funeral home director. Collins attended Villa Rica Elementary School.

## Education

Collins attended West Georgia College. In February 2000, Collins graduated from Gupton-Jones College of Funeral Service. In September 2000, Collins received his license as a Funeral Director and Embalmers.

## Career

In 1997, Collins began working in funeral service. On July 1, 2002, Collins became a funeral home director and owner of J. Collins Funeral Home & Cremation Service in Villa Rica, Georgia.
In November 2003, Collins was elected as the youngest mayor of Villa Rica, Georgia. Collins served as mayor until 2016. Mike Williamson served as interim Mayor until a new mayor was elected in November 2016.
On November 8, 2016, Collins won the election unopposed and became a Republican member of Georgia House of Representatives for District 68. On November 6, 2018, as an incumbent, Collins won the election unopposed and continued serving District 68. On November 3, 2020, as an incumbent, Collins won the election unopposed and continued serving District 68. On November 8, 2022, Collins beat Democrat Afoma Eguh Okafor to represent District 71.

## Personal life

Collins has one child with a former wife. Collins married Holly Reece in 2021 and they live with his daughter above their funeral home in Villa Rica, GA.
# Maurea chilena

Maurea chilena is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Calliostomatidae within the superfamily Trochoidea, the top snails, turban snails and their allies.

## Description

Shell size 30-35 mm. A very rare deepwater species

## Distribution

Eastern Pacific Ocean: Chile.
# Charlice Byrd

Charlice Hew Byrd (born September 14, 1951) is a Republican member of the Georgia House of Representatives who serves District 20 and parts of Cherokee County.
An elementary educator from New Orleans, Louisiana, she and her husband, Michael reside in Woodstock, Georgia and are members of First Baptist Woodstock.
She graduated from Southeastern Louisiana University.
Byrd is of Chinese descent.
# Eddie Lumsden (politician)

James E Lumsden (born August 25, 1952) is an American politician who has served in the Georgia House of Representatives from the 12th district since 2013. He assumed office on January 14, 2013. His current term ends on January 13, 2025. Lumsden is running for re-election to the Georgia House of Representatives to represent District 12. He is on the ballot in the general election on November 5, 2024. He advanced from the Republican primary on May 21, 2024.
# Lauren McDonald

Lauren Wylie McDonald, III (born August 10, 1968) is an American politician from Georgia. McDonald is a Republican member of Georgia House of Representatives for District 26.

## Early life

McDonald was born in Commerce, Georgia and graduated high school at The McCallie School in Chattanooga, Tennessee. Afterward, he earned a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science at The University of Georgia and an associate degree in Mortuary Science from Gupton-Jones College.

## Professional career

McDonald is the owner of McDonald & Son Funeral Home in Cumming, Georgia, which opened in 1997.
# Chorabali (2016 film)

Chorabali (English: Quicksand) is a 2016 Bengali Suspense Thriller film directed by Subhrajit Mitra and produced by Pradip Churiwal, starring Barun Chanda, June Malia, Sayani Datta and Shataf Figar. The film is based on Agatha Christie's novel Cards on the Table.

## Plot

The storyline intertangles with the idea of perfect crime, as well as with the basic vices of human mind - greed and lust. It is a whodunnit thriller, set in the backdrop of Kolkata. A doctor is killed in a house party while all the guests are playing cards. Criminologist Professor Ardhendu and Police officer Vishnu investigate the case along with crime-fiction writer Tilottama. It is revealed that the victim knew about the dark past of each one of the suspects and was blackmailing them. He himself also had a dark past. Two more murders take place. Now it is up to Professor Ardhendu to unmask the real culprit.

## Cast

* Barun Chanda as Ardhendu Chatterjee
* June Malia as Debolina
* George Baker as Dr. Dasgupta
* Tanusree Chakraborty as Tilottama
* Shataf Figar as Vishnu
* Locket Chatterjee as Madhurima Sen
* Sayani Datta
* Malobika Banerjee as Elina
* Dipanjan Basak
* Tathagata Banerjee
* Mou Baidya

## Release

Chorabali was released on 22 January 2016 in West Bengal under the banner of Macneill Engineering.