OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jens Reich

Jens Georg Reich (born 26 March 1939 in Göttingen, Province of Hanover) is a German scientist and a member of the German Ethics Council. He became famous as a civil rights campaigner in the last decade of the German Democratic Republic (GDR)

## Life and work

Jens Reich grew up in Halberstadt. He studied medicine and molecular biology at East Berlin's Humboldt University and began his professional career as a junior doctor in his hometown. After further study in biochemistry, he turned to research work. In 1964, Jens Reich obtained his doctorate with the dissertation Arterial Vascular Sounds and from 1968 onwards worked at the Central Institute of Molecular Biology of the Academy of Sciences in Berlin-Buch. In 1976 he completed the dissertation Time and Motion in the Metabolism of Living Cells for his second doctorate. In collaboration with Evgeni Selkov he was one of the first to study the kinetic behaviour of metabolic pathways (as opposed to single enzymes).
As early as 1970 he co-founded a private "Friday Circle", a group of about 30 opposition-minded citizens who met to discuss the GDR. In the 1980s the State Security Ministry spied on the group and kept records of their meetings. Soon after his appointment to head of department at the Central Institute of Molecular Biology, Jens Reich lost this post. He was further sanctioned for his oppositional attitude with a ban on travel to Western countries.
Despite his political difficulties Reich continued with his scientific research during the 1970s and 1980s, with several notable papers, such as a strategy for parameter estimation in enzymology and a study of inorganic pyrophosphatase in collaboration with Samuel Rapoport, the most influential figure in biochemistry in the GDR at that time. During that period he published his study with Selkov of time-dependent properties in metabolic systems.
In September 1989 Jens Reich was one of the authors and signatories of the appeal "Aufbruch 89 – Neues Forum " ( "Fresh Start 89 – New Forum"), leading to the founding of the New Forum. On 4 November 1989, Jens Reich, along with Friedrich Schorlemmer, Christa Wolf, Ulrich Mühe and other well-known figures in the GDR, was one of the speakers at the Alexanderplatz demonstration in East Berlin, the largest demonstration of that period.
His daughter is the physics professor Stephanie Reich.

## Works

* 2005 Reich, Jens Teufelsfragen. Ethische Konflikte in der Biomedizin. 2-CD-Set. supposé, Köln
* 2003 Reich, Jens Es wird ein Mensch gemacht. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Gentechnik, Rowohlt Berlin
* 1992 Reich J. G., Abschied von den Lebenslügen, Rowohlt-Verlag, Berlin
* 1991 Reich J. G., Rückkehr nach Europa, Carl-Hanser-Verlag, München-Wien
* 1981 Reich J. G., Sel’kov E. E., Energy Metabolism of the Cell, A Theoretical Treatise, Academic Press, London & New York
# StarDance (Czech TV series) season 11

The 11th StarDance series was premiered on October 16, 2021 and ended on December 18, 2021. Hosts in this series are again Marek Eben and Tereza Kostková.

## Competitors

| Celebrity | Profession of celebrity | Professional dancer | Result |
| Jan Cina | Actor | Adriana Mašková | 1st |
| Martina Viktorie Kopecká | Pastor | Marek Dědík | 2nd |
| Tomáš Verner | Figure skater | Kristýna Coufalová | 3rd |
| Tereza Černochová | Singer | Dominik Vodička | 4th |
| Mirai Navrátil | Singer | Lenka Nora Návorková | 5th (Withdrew) |
| Andrea Sestini Hlaváčková | Tennis player | Michal Necpál | 6th |
| Marika Šoposká | Actress | Robin Ondráček | 7th |
| Zdeněk Godla | Actor | Tereza Prucková | 8th |
| Simona Babčáková | Actress | Martin Prágr | 9th (Withdrew) |
| Pavel Trávníček | Actor | Veronika Lálová | 10th |
# Protea grandiceps

Protea grandiceps, commonly known as rooisuikerbos, suikerbos or red sugarbush, is a flowering shrub that belongs to the Protea genus and is native to south western parts of South Africa. The shrub was listed as a near threatened species in 2006 according to the South African National Biodiversity Institute.

## Description

The shrub is round and grows 2 m (6 ft 7 in) high and blooms from September to January. Fire destroys the plant but the seeds survive. The seed is stored in a cap and spread by the wind. The plant is unisexual. Pollination occurs through the action of birds. The tree's national number is 89.2.

## Taxonomy

The species was first formally described by the botanist Leopold Trattinnick, the specific epithet means large head and is derived from the Latin words grandis meaning great or large and ceps meaning head in reference to the flower-heads.

## Distribution

The plant is endemic to South Africa and is found in the Cape Peninsula, Hottentots Holland Mountains, Riviersonderend Mountains, Langeberg, Outeniqua Mountains, Tsitsikamma Mountains, Winterhoek Mountains and Kamanassie Mountains where it is commonly situated on stony crevices on dry upper mountain slopes at elevations of 1,200 to 1,700 m (3,900 to 5,600 ft). It is spread over a total area of around 652 km$^2$ (252 sq mi) composed of fragmented populations.
# Geppetto (disambiguation)

Geppetto is the creator of Pinocchio in the 1883 novel The Adventures of Pinocchio, and subsequent adaptations.
Geppetto may also refer to:

## Characters

* Geppetto (Fables), a fictional character in the comic Fables
* Geppetto (Once Upon a Time) (also known as Marco), a fictional character in the ABC television series Once Upon a Time
* Gepetto, a playable character in Shadow Hearts: Covenant
* Dr. Geppetto Bosconovich, a character in the Tekken video games

## Films

* Geppetto (film), a 2000 television film on The Wonderful World of Disney starring Drew Carey in the title role and Julia Louis-Dreyfus as the Blue Fairy

## Songs

* "Gepetto", a song by the alternative rock band Belly from the 1993 album Star
* "Gepetto", a song by the Italian metal band Novembre from the 2006 album Materia
# Jose C. Campos

Jose Campana Campos, Jr. (April 9, 1923 – January 4, 2005) was a Filipino lawyer who served as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines from September 3, 1992, to April 8, 1993. He was appointed by President Corazon Aquino.

## Early life

Jose Campos was born in Dasmariñas, Cavite. He received his education from Dasmariñas Elementary School in 1936 as valedictorian, and Cavite High School in 1940 as valedictorian.
He then received his Associate in Arts degree from the University of the Philippines in 1945 with Honors, his Bachelor of Laws from University of the Philippines College of Law in 1949 as cum laude. He passed the Bar Examinations in 1949 with a rating of 93.1% (5th Placer).
He also received his Masters of Laws from Yale Law School in 1952 and his postgraduate studies in Corporation Law and Taxation from Yale Law School from 1964 to 1965. He was a Fulbright-Smith Mundt Scholar.
He is a member of Upsilon Sigma Phi. He received a Distinguished Service Award from the fraternity in 1973.
He was married to Ma. Clara A. Lopez-Campos, a noted authority in Corporate and Banking Laws and is a Professor Emerita of the University of the Philippines.

## Professional career

He was Special Assistant, Criminal Investigation Section (ID), Provost Marshal's Office from 1945 to 1947; Legal Assistant in the Padilla, Carlos and Fernando Law Office, Manila in 1950; member in the Law Firm of Almeda-Lopez, Gonzales, Campos and Villanueva, Manila from 1953 to 1955; then member in the Law Firm of Campos, Mendoza and Hernandez, Manila from 1957 to 1961.
He was Professor of Law in the University of the Philippines from 1950 to 1971; Professorial Lecturer from 1971 to 1990; University Registrar from 1956 to 1958; then Budget Director and concurrently Secretary of the University of the Philippines from 1960 to 1971.
He was Presiding Judge of the Court of First Instance (CFI) in Pasay City from 1971 to 1983; Acting Presiding Judge of the CFI of Pasay City from 1979 to 1981; Executive Judge of the CFI of Pasay City from 1978 to 1981. He was on detail as Presiding Judge in the CFI of Quezon City from 1972 to 1975, and as chairman of the Board of Transportation from 1981 to 1985.
He served as Associate Justice in the Intermediate Appellate Court from 1983 to 1985; Associate Justice of the Court of Appeals from 1986 to 1992; then Associate Justice of the Supreme Court from 1992 to 1993.
He was Member of the Judicial and Bar Council, representing retired Justices of the Supreme Court, from September 22, 1993, to July 9, 1997.
# Psylli

The Psylli (Seli) were a native Berber tribe inhabiting Ancient Libya.

## Historical accounts

Pliny the Elder (Hist. Nat., vii 14) places the Psylli on the Syrtic coast above the Garamantes, and gives Psyllikos Kolpos as an early name of the Syrtic Gulf.
According to John C. Murphy, "the Psylli were the displaced remnants of an ancient Libyan tribe that lived on the Gulf of Sidra. Conquered by the nomadic Nasamones, the Psylli became a well-known snake-charming sect."
Of the Psylli, Herodotus described "a tribe that met with extinction" after the desert wind dried up their water holes (IV.173). Pliny the Elder said that they were "almost exterminated" in a war with their neighbours, the Nasamones, but the descendants of those who escaped "survive today in a few places" (VII.2.14). Strabo does not mention an unsuccessful war against either the desert wind or the Nasamones but only that the Psylli were still in existence, occupying "a barren and arid region" (XVII.3.23) below the Nasamones. Later writers, especially poets, bestowed on the Psylli a reputation as great snake charmers.
In his Roman History, Cassius Dio makes reference to the Psylli as being sought out by Octavian to draw out the snake venom with which Cleopatra had poisoned herself (LI.14). According to Dio, the Psylli were completely immune to snake bites and were all male (LI.14). Lucan, speaking of the Psylli, whose peculiar property it was to be unhurt by the bite of serpents with which their country abounded, wrote:
   Of all who scorching Afric's sun endure,
   None like the swarthy Psyllians are secure:
   With healing gifts and privileges graced,
   Well in the land of serpents were they placed:
   Truce with the dreadful tyrant death they have,
   And border safely on his realm the grave.

## Customs

It is claimed that the Psylli employed tests by animals in order to find out if their offspring was genuine and at the same time if their wives were faithful. Infant Psylli were subjected to snake-bites. If the infant died of the snakebite, illegitimacy was supposed to be implied.
# Robert Van Eenaeme

Robert Van Eenaeme (27 August 1916 – 8 March 1959) was a Belgian cyclist.
He was a professional from 1939 to 1950. He won Ghent-Wevelgem in 1936 and 1937, when the race was reserved for riders in the "independent" category, and a third time in 1945, when it was opened up to professionals. With these three victories, he holds the record for most wins at Ghent-Wevelgem, along with Rik Van Looy, Eddy Merckx, Mario Cipollini, Tom Boonen and Peter Sagan.
He died at the age of 42 as a result of a traffic accident.

## Major results
### 1935

    3rd Overall Circuit Franco-Belge

### 1936

    1st Gent–Wevelgem
    3rd Overall Circuit Franco-Belge
    3rd Omloop der Vlaamse Gewesten Independents

### 1937

    1st Gent–Wevelgem
    8th Dr. Tistaertprijs Zottegem

### 1938

    1st GP Victor Standaert Ninove
    8th Dr. Tistaertprijs Zottegem

### 1939

    1st GP Stekene (nl)

### 1941

    4th Kampioenschap van Vlaanderen

### 1942

    1st Kampioenschap van Vlaanderen
    1st Overall Omloop van België
       1st Stage 3b
    3rd Tour of Flanders
    6th Paris–Tours

### 1943

    1st De Drie Zustersteden
    2nd Dr. Tistaertprijs Zottegem
    3rd Road race, National Road Championships
    3rd Scheldeprijs

### 1944

    8th Overall Omloop van België

### 1945

    1st Gent–Wevelgem
    3rd Omloop van Vlaanderen
    4th Road race, National Road Championships
    6th Grand Prix Jules Lowie Nokere
    9th Tour of Flanders

### 1946

    3rd Omloop van Oost-Vlaanderen
    7th Omloop van het Houtland
    9th Grand Prix Jules Lowie Nokere
    10th Paris–Tours
# Francisco López (canoeist)

Francisco López (born 12 February 1965) is a Spanish sprint canoeist who competed from the mid-1980s to the early 1990s. Competing in three Summer Olympics, he earned his best finish of ninth in both the C-1 500 m and C-1 1000 m events at Los Angeles in 1984.
# Marie-Sissi Labrèche

Marie-Sissi Labrèche (born 1969 in Montreal, Quebec) is a Canadian writer, most noted as the cowriter of the 2008 film Borderline. The film's screenplay was based on two of Labrèche's published novels, Borderline and La Brèche. At the 29th Genie Awards in 2009, Labrèche and her cowriter Lyne Charlebois were cowinners of the Genie Award for Best Adapted Screenplay.
Her novel Borderline was subsequently selected for the 2009 edition of Le Combat des livres.

## Works

* Borderline (2008)
* La Brèche (2002)
* Montréal, la marge au cœur (2004)
* La Lune dans un HLM (2006)
* Psy malgré moi (2009)
* Amour et autres violences (2012)
* La Vie sur Mars (2014)
# Scott Alexander

Scott Alexander may refer to:
* Scott Alexander (baseball) (born 1989), American baseball pitcher
* Scott Alexander (born 1963), of American screenwriting duo Scott Alexander and Larry Karaszewski
* Scott Alexander (Indiana politician), member of the Indiana Senate
* Scott Alexander (Kentucky politician), member of the Kentucky House of Representatives
* Scott Alexander Siskind, author of the Slate Star Codex and Astral Codex Ten, blogs under the pen name Scott Alexander
# Charles Cunningham (politician)

Charles Cunningham is an American politician who serves in the Texas House of Representatives where he represents Texas's 127th House of Representatives district, which contains parts of Harris County. He is a member of the Republican party.
Cunningham served in the United States Army and graduated from Our Lady of the Lake University. Prior to his 2022 election to the Texas legislature, Cunningham was a member of the city council of Humble, Texas and worked for CenterPoint Energy.
# 2026 U Sports Women's Ice Hockey Championship

The 2026 U Sports Women's Ice Hockey Championship is scheduled to be held in March 2026, in Elmira, Ontario, to determine a national champion for the 2025–26 U Sports women's ice hockey season. The tournament will be hosted by the Waterloo Warriors.

## Host

The tournament is scheduled to be played at Woolwich Memorial Centre in Elmira, Ontario. This is scheduled to be the second time that the University of Waterloo will host the tournament after the school also hosted the previous year's championship.

## Scheduled teams

* Canada West Representative
* OUA Representative
* RSEQ Representative
* AUS Representative
* Host (Waterloo Warriors)
* Three additional berths
# Mount McPhail

Mount McPhail is a mountain located in the Elk Range of the Park Ranges of the Canadian Rockies and stands astride the British Columbia-Alberta border, which follows the Continental Divide in this area. The mountain was named in 1918 after Norman R. McPhail, a Canadian soldier who was killed in action during World War I.
# Woonerf

A woonerf (Dutch pronunciation:) is a living street, as originally implemented in the Netherlands and subsequently in Flanders (Belgium). Techniques include shared space, traffic calming, and low speed limits.
The term woonerf has been adopted directly by some English-language publications. In the United Kingdom, these areas are called home zones.

## Etymology

The word, of Dutch origin, literally translates as 'living yard' or 'residential grounds'.

## History

Since the invention of automobiles, cities have been predominantly constructed to accommodate the use of automobiles.
The woonerf was created by residents of Delft who tore up pavement late at night to make it so cars had to drive slower to avoid the obstacles. The woonerven (plural) was incorporated into the national street design standards in 1976.
The entire locality of Emmen in the Netherlands was designed as a woonerf in the 1970s.
In 1999 the Netherlands had over 6000 woonerven and today around 2 million Dutch people are living in woonerven. The benefits of the woonerf are promoted by woonERFgoed, a network of professionals and residents.
In 2006 it was reported that people in Hesselterbrink, a neighborhood of Emmen, were disillusioned about how the woonerf principle had become another traffic engineering measure that "entailed precious little more than signs and uniform standards". They have now adopted the shared space principles as a way of rethinking the woonerf. They are reported to "now know that car drivers should become residents. Eye contact and human interaction are more effective means to achieve and maintain attractive and safe areas than signs and rules".

## Regulation
### Belgium

Belgian traffic regulation (art. 2.32) defines the woonerf and the generic erf, and their traffic sign. The woonerf has a residential focus; the erf can have other primary uses like “crafts, trade, tourism, education and recreation”.
In art. 22bis, the Belgian traffic regulation describes what is and what isn’t allowed in a (woon)erf:
   Within erven and woonerven:
   * Pedestrians can use the full width of the public road; and playing is also allowed.
   * Drivers may not endanger pedestrians or hinder them; if necessary they must stop. Furthermore they need to be twice as careful regarding children. Pedestrians may not obstruct traffic unnecessarily.
   * Speed is limited to 20 km per hour.
   * Parking is forbidden, except where there are visual markings like different surface colors, a letter P or traffic signs allowing parking.

### Netherlands

Under Article 44 of the Dutch traffic code, motorised traffic in a woonerf or "recreation area" is restricted to 15 km/h in the Netherlands.
# Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal

The Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal was established in 1946 by the government of Chiang Kai-shek to judge Imperial Japanese Army officers accused of crimes committed during the Second Sino-Japanese War. It was one of ten tribunals established by the Nationalist government.
The accused included Lieutenant General Hisao Tani, the general Rensuke Isogai, company commander Captain Gunkichi Tanaka and Second Lieutenants Toshiaki Mukai and Tsuyoshi Noda, made famous by the hundred man killing contest.
General Yasuji Okamura was convicted of war crimes in July 1948 by the Tribunal, but was immediately protected by the personal order of Nationalist leader Chiang Kai-shek, who retained him as a military adviser for the Kuomintang (KMT).
While he was questioned by the investigators, he however testified about the Nanjing massacre:
   I surmised the following based on what I heard from Staff Officer Miyazaki, CCAA Special Service Department Chief Harada and Hangzhou Special Service Department Chief Hagiwara a day or two after I arrived in Shanghai. First, it is true that tens of thousands of acts of violence, such as looting and rape, took place against civilians during the assault on Nanking. Second, front-line troops indulged in the evil practice of executing POWs on the pretext of (lacking) rations.
Iwane Matsui had been judged by the Tokyo tribunal; Prince Kan'in Kotohito, Kesago Nakajima and Heisuke Yanagawa had been dead since 1945; Isamu Cho had committed suicide; and Prince Yasuhiko Asaka had been granted immunity by General Douglas MacArthur as a member of the imperial family. Hisao Tani was therefore the only other general prosecuted for the Nanjing Massacre. He was found guilty on 6 February 1947 and executed by a firing squad on 26 April. All the accused were sentenced to death in 1947.
The death toll of 300,000 is the official estimate engraved on the stone wall at the entrance of the Memorial Hall for Compatriot Victims of the Japanese Military's Nanjing Massacre in Nanjing.

## Notable defendants

* Rensuke Isogai: Former governor of Hong Kong and Chief of Staff of the Kwantung Army. Sentenced to life imprisonment. Released in 1952 and allowed to return to Japan. Died in 1967.
* Takashi Sakai: Former governor of Hong Kong and commander of various Japanese armies in China. Sentenced to death and executed in 1946.
* Hisakazu Tanaka: Former governor of Hong Kong and commander of the 23rd Army. Sentenced to death and executed in 1947.
* Hisao Tani: A commander of Japanese units that committed the Nanjing Massacre. Sentenced to death and executed in 1947.
* Lieutenants Toshiaki Mukai and Tsuyoshi Noda: The two main participants in the "Contest to kill 100 people using a sword": Both sentenced to death and executed in 1948.
* Captain Gunkichi Tanaka: Personally killed over 300 Chinese POWs and civilians with his sword during the Nanjing Massacre. Sentenced to death and executed in 1948.
# Roberto Alonzo

Roberto R. Alonzo (born December 25, 1956) is a former Democratic member of the Texas House of Representatives, representing the 104th District from 1993 to 2019. Alonzo was defeated in the Democratic primary on March 6, 2018 by Jessica González.

## Education

Alonzo is an alumnus of The University of Texas at Austin and the Thurgood Marshall School of Law at Texas Southern University.

## Political career

In 2017, during the 85th Texas Legislature, Representative Alonzo helped lead the fight against Senate Bill 4 by referencing the Chicano bogeyman known as "el cucuy". Rep. Alonzo's use of "el cucuy" attempted to communicate to his Republican colleagues the negative psychological effects legislation such as SB4 would have on immigrant communities.
Representative Alonzo drew the ire of some Dallas residents over a housing dispute. Alonzo ran for Texas Railroad Commissioner in 2020 triggering a runoff for the Democratic Party nomination with Chrysta Castañeda.
# Gochomu J. Mudzingwa

Gochomu J. Mudzingwa (1916 – 16 February 2018) was a Zimbabwean traditional ruler, who had been substantive Chief of Wozhele since 18 February 2008 after the death of his uncle, Ndaba, who ruled the tribe since 1954. Wozheri, Hozhele and Hozheri were his synonyms. He worked as a cattle middle man for the colonial white settlers when he was young.

## Death

Mudzingwa died on 16 February 2018 at the age of 101 from pneumonia: he was one of the longest-lived members of any royal family. He was survived by his daughter. He was buried in Sanyati.
# Rote Sturmfahne

Rote Sturmfahne was a German language daily newspaper published from Marxstadt, Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Soviet Union, and was founded in 1931. It was an organ of the Marxstadt Canton [ru] Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), the Marxstadt Canton Executive Committee and trade unions. It had a circulation of about 5,000 copies, with the issues containing four pages. During 1934-1937, Alexander Hasselbach was the editor of Rote Sturmfahne, while Eduard Eurich [ru] was the executive secretary of the editorial office of Rote Sturmfahne 1938-1941.
The publication was discontinued in August 1941.