OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mount Sir Richard

Mount Sir Richard is a 2,681-metre (8,796-foot) glaciated summit in British Columbia, Canada.

## Description

Mount Sir Richard is located in the McBride Range of the Coast Mountains, and 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of Whistler in Garibaldi Provincial Park. It is the highest point of the McBride Range and seventh-highest peak within the park. Precipitation runoff and glacial meltwater from this mountain's south and east slopes drains to the Lillooet River via Tuwasus Creek, whereas the north and west slopes drain into headwaters of the Cheakamus River. Mount Sir Richard is more notable for its steep rise above local terrain than for its absolute elevation as topographic relief is significant with the summit rising 1,880 metres (6,168 ft) above Tuwasus Creek in less than six kilometres (3.7 mi) and 1,380 metres (4,527 ft) above Cheakamus River in five kilometres (3.1 mi).

## History

The mountain's name honors Sir Richard McBride (1870–1917). The toponym was officially adopted September 2, 1930, by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. In 1903, at the age of 33, he became the youngest premier in the history of British Columbia. McBride was knighted in 1912, then resigned as premier in 1915 and became British Columbia's agent-general in London. There is also Mount McBride located on Vancouver Island that is named after him.
The first ascent of the summit was made on May 2, 1937, by Don Munday, Phyllis Munday, and Pip Brock via the Cheakamus River Valley and McBride Glacier. Their adventure took 14 days.

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Sir Richard is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Coast Mountains where they are forced upward by the range (orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall. As a result, the Coast Mountains experience high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. Winter temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. This climate supports the Ubyssey Glacier on the south and west slopes of the peak, as well as the McBride Glacier on the north and east slopes. The months of July and August offer the most favorable weather for climbing Mount Sir Richard.
# Makino Hideshige

Makino Hideshige (牧野 英成, October 13, 1671 – October 28, 1741), also known as Makino Hidenari (牧野 英成), was a Japanese daimyō of the early Edo period.
The Makino were identified as one of the fudai or insider daimyō clans which were hereditary vassals or allies of the Tokugawa clan, in contrast with the tozama or outsider clans.

## Makino clan genealogy

The fudai Makino clan originated in 16th century Mikawa Province. Their elevation in status by Toyotomi Hideyoshi dates from 1588. They claim descent from Takechiuchi no Sukune, who was a legendary Statesman and lover of the legendary Empress Jingū.
Hideshige was part of a cadet branch of the Makino which was created in 1633. The Makino were installed at Sekiyado Domain in Shimōsa Province in 1644. From 1668 through the Meiji Restoration, the descendants had holdings at Tanabe Domain (35,000 koku) in Tango Province. Descendants lived from 1634 through 1868 at Mineyama Domain (11,000 koku) in Echigo Province.
The head of this clan line was ennobled as a "Viscount" in the Meiji period.

## Tokugawa official

Hideshige served the Tokugawa shogunate as its seventeenth Kyoto shoshidai in the period spanning January 28, 1725 through July 6, 1734.
# Enrico Marconi

Enrico Marconi, known in Poland as Henryk Marconi (7 January 1792 in Rome – 21 February 1863 in Warsaw), was an Italian-Polish architect who spent most of his life in Congress Poland.
Initially he was taught by his father Leander, later on, between 1806 and 1810, he studied both at the University of Bologna and at the Academy of Fine Arts of Bologna. In 1822 he was commissioned by general Ludwik Michał Pac to complete his palace in Dowspuda (then in Congress Poland, now in north-eastern Poland). He settled in Warsaw, where from 1827 he worked for the Council of State and where he became professor (1851–1858) at the Academy of Fine Arts.
Enrico Marconi married a daughter of general Pac's gardener, Małgorzata (English: Margaret) Heiton, who came from a Scottish family settled in Poland. One of their sons, Leandro Marconi, also became an architect.

## Selected works

* Hotel Europejski in Warsaw
* Mausoleum of Stanisław Kostka Potocki in Wilanów
* The Pumping Room Building at Wilanów Palace
* Rail stations in Warsaw, Granica and Sosnowiec on the Warsaw-Vienna Railway
* Water tower in Saxon Garden, Warsaw
* Great Synagogue, Łomża
* All Saints Church, Warsaw
* Pawiak prison, Warsaw
# Statue of Sobekneferu

The Statue of Sobekneferu was a sculpture of the ancient Egyptian queen Sobekneferu (about 1800 BC), who reigned during the 12th Dynasty.
This bust is the first known statue of the queen with her face preserved. There are several statues known belonging to this ruling queen, however, all others are headless. The sculpture was kept in the Egyptian Museum of Berlin, but was lost in World War II. The bust was bought in 1899 (inventory no. 14475). The bust was about 14 cm high and made of greywacke. The identity of the woman shown was for a long time unknown, as the piece is uninscribed. The face of the woman shows clearly signs of age and dates therefore stylistically to the late Middle Kingdom, when most sculptures show people no longer ageless young as in other periods of Egyptian history. Today, the bust is known from photographic images, and also from preserved plaster casts.
The Egyptologist Biri Fay was able to locate the remaining part of the statue. It is now in the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston (MFA 24.742, 21.4 cm high), but was once found in the temple of Taharqa in the Nubian fortress of Semna. The lower part of the statue is also uninscribed but shows on the throne the hieroglyphic signs uniting the two lands (zm3-t3wy). This is a royal symbol and only attested for kings. Therefore, this (now photographically united) statue shows a woman that ruled as king and must belong to Sobekneferu, the only ruling queen of the late Middle Kingdom.
# Mission San Luis Gonzaga

Mission San Luis Gonzaga may refer to:
* Mission San Luis Gonzága de Bacadéhuachi, Sonora
* Misión San Luis Gonzaga Chiriyaqui, Baja California Sur
# Monique Freres

Monique Freres (born 30 March 1957) is a Belgian gymnast. She competed in five events at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
# Mauricette Geller

Mauricette Geller (born 28 March 1973) is a Belgian gymnast. She competed in five events at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# Frédéric Caudron

Frédéric Caudron (born 27 January 1968 in Mons, Belgium) is a Belgian professional three-cushion billiards player, nicknamed "L'Extraterrestre" ("The Extraterrestrial"). He won the UMB World Three-cushion Championship in 1999 and 2013. He also won the Sang Lee International Open two consecutive times (2006 and 2007), the CEB European Championship twice (2002 and 2006), as well as 53 Belgian national titles. His highest three cushions run is 28 (15 April 2013 Brandenburg, GERMANY) and his best game average is 6.666 (40 points in 6 innings).
# Louis Van Beeck

Louis Van Beeck was a Belgian archer. He competed at the 1920 Summer Olympics, winning three medals, two gold and a silver.
# Maurice Bladel

Maurice Bladel (12 February 1886 – 14 February 1968) was a Belgian writer. He won a bronze medal at the 1920 Summer Olympics in the mixed literature section of the art competitions.
# Denise Parmentiers

Denise Parmentiers (5 July 1915 – 8 April 1969) was a Belgian gymnast. She competed in the women's artistic team all-around at the 1948 Summer Olympics.
# Albertet de Sestaro

Albertet de Sestaro, sometimes called Albertet de Terascon (fl. 1194–1221), was a Provençal jongleur and troubadour from the Gapençais (Gapensés in Occitan). Of his total oeuvre, twenty three poems survive. "Albertet" or "Albertetz" is the Occitan diminutive of Albert. Unqualified, it usually refers to Albertet de Sestaro, but there was an Albertet Cailla.
According to his vida he was the son of a noble jongleur named Asar, one of whose pieces may survive. Albertet was reputed for his voice and for the innovative melodies of his short cansós, but not for his lyrics. Fellow troubadour Uc de Lescura praised Albertet's votz a ben dir ("well-spoken-of voice"). He was a welcomed performer and conversationalist in court society. Much of his life was spent at Orange, where he grew wealthy before moving to Lombardy, where he remained from 1210 to 1221. In Italy he frequented the courts of Savoy, Montferrat, Malaspina, Genoa, and the Este in Ferrara. At the Este court he probably came into contact with Guillem Augier Novella, Aimeric de Pegulhan, and Aimeric de Belenoi. He also travelled west of Provence as far as Montferrand, where he met Dalfí d'Alvernha, Gaucelm Faidit, and Peirol, and by some accounts he even took refuge in Spain at some point. Eventually he returned to Sisteron in the Forcalquier, where he died.
One of Albertet's most famous works is a satire which heaps praise on seven prominent women of his time, notably Beatrice of Savoy, wife of Raymond Berengar IV of Provence. There is also a tensó between Albertet and Aimeric de Pegulhan: N'Albertz, chausetz a vostre sen. This tensó is evidence that Albertet called himself Albert, though later scribes usually employed the diminutive. Albertet also composed a tenso with Aimeric de Belenoi. He praised Augier and Gaucelm Faidit, and he honoured Peirol by name in one tornada:
Asides from this request to Peirol, Albertet elsewhere begged his lady to learn his poems, possibly with an eye to the propagation through further singing and recitation:
Despite his reputation as a musician, only two of his surviving works—the Mos coratges m'es camjatz and A! mi no fai chantar foilla ni flors (both cansós)—have complete melodies, though one other (En mon cor ai un' aital encobida) is partially extant. There is another piece, a descort entitled Bel m'es oimais, which does not survive with music in its only manuscript but which might have been the model for the strophic lai Bel m'est li tans of the trouvère Colin Muset. Another trouvère, Mahieu le Juif, was probably influenced by a piece of Albertet's in composing the text for his song beginning Par grant. Each piece of Albertet's surviving musical work is distinct, though on the whole it is conservative, written within one tenth interval, syllabic with melismas only at the ends of phrases. Mos coratges is conventional but ornate; En mon cor appears to have been through-composed; and A! mi no fai chantar is complex and subtle, written in a simple style, but with unique intervals and phrasing.
# Eileen Saki

Minako Borgen (November 18, 1943 – May 1, 2023), born Minako Eileen Sasaki and known by her acting name Eileen Saki, was a Japanese-American actress.
Minako Sasaki was born at the Jerome War Relocation Center in Arkansas in 1943 during the World War II incarceration of Japanese Americans. She was later transferred to the camp at Tule Lake.
Borgen was the final and longest-running actress to play Rosie, proprietor of Rosie's Bar in the television series M*A*S*H. She also had a small but memorable role in the season 5 premiere episode as the head Madam of a coquettish group of prostitutes. The switching of actresses in the role of Rosie mimics the actual handing over of the real-life Rosie's Bar during the Korean War from mother to daughter. Alan Alda became aware of this when he received a letter in the early 1980s from the real Rosie Jr. about the incident, a copy of which is available in the book The Last Days of M*A*S*H, written by Alan and Arlene Alda.

## Death

Saki died from pancreatic cancer in Los Angeles on May 1, 2023, at the age of 79.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role |
| 1974 | Policewomen | Kim |
| 1979 | Meteor | Siberian Woman |
| 1981 | History of the World, Part I | Slave - The Roman Empire |
| 1984 | Splash | Dr. Fujimoto |
# Anni Cermak

Anni Cermak (born 18 June 1940) is an Austrian gymnast. She competed in six events at the 1960 Summer Olympics.
# Brachychiton chillagoensis

Brachychiton chillagoensis is a tree of the genus Brachychiton native to Queensland, Australia. It was first described in 1988 by Gordon Guymer from a specimen collected 5.3 km south-east of Chillagoe.
# Lennart Andersson (athlete)

Agne Lennart Andersson (later Agnred, 17 January 1914 – 18 December 1997) was a Swedish triple jumper. He competed at the 1936 Summer Olympics and 1938 European Athletics Championships and finished in 19th and 6th place, respectively.
Andersson held national titles in the triple jump in 1937–38 and in the standing high jump in 1937.
# Reinhard Hartmann (wrestler)

Reinhard Hartmann (born 3 November 1953) is an Austrian wrestler. He competed in the men's Greco-Roman 68 kg at the 1980 Summer Olympics.
# Remi Lescrauwaet

Remi Lescrauwaet (born 6 September 1915, date of death unknown) was a Belgian boxer who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics. In 1936 he was eliminated in the second round of the featherweight class after losing his fight to the eventual bronze medalist Josef Miner.
# Veterans Benevolent Association

The Veterans Benevolent Association (VBA) was an organization for LGBT veterans of the United States armed forces. The VBA was founded in New York City in 1945 by four honorably discharged gay veterans.

## History

Although serving primarily as a social outlet, the VBA formed in part in response to the sense of injustice that many gay veterans felt about being given blue discharges. These discharges, so-called because they were printed on blue paper, were issued to those whose military service ended under less-than-honorable, although not dishonorable, conditions. Under a Veterans Administration directive, blue discharge holders were denied the benefits of the G.I. Bill (despite explicit language in the bill forbidding such denials) and the policy of excluding LGBT former service personnel from the Bill persisted for years after the discontinuation of the discharge itself. The VBA joined in coalition with the NAACP to campaign for an end to the arbitrary issuance of blue discharges both to homosexuals and to African Americans, who also received blue discharges in disproportionate numbers.
The association incorporated in New York state in 1947, making it one of the earliest incorporated LGBT groups in the country. The VBA held meetings – monthly at first, then bi-weekly – and discussion groups. The VBA had a legal advisory panel that focused on helping members who faced discrimination in employment or housing based on their sexual orientation. Membership never exceeded 100 people, although the group's dances frequently attracted several hundred, including married members and their wives.
Despite its early success as a social organization, VBA members began to disagree over the purpose of the group, leading to the rise of factionalism. The VBA disbanded in 1954. Several VBA members went on to found the New York chapter of ONE, Inc.
# Juan Abellán

Juan Abellán (born 19 June 1933) is a Spanish water polo player. He competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics.
Abellán was part of the Spanish team who won gold in the first Mediterranean Games in 1951. As of 2018, he was the last surviving member of the team.
# Robert Nixon (comics)

Robert Nixon (7 July 1939 – 22 October 2002) was an artist who worked on several British comics.

## Biography
### Early life and education

Nixon was born in South Bank, Middlesbrough, in North Yorkshire on 7 July 1939. He was the fifth of six children born to Arthur Nixon and Phylis Thompson. Robert's mother Phylis worked as a housewife while his father worked locally as a steelworker.
As a child, Nixon spent much of his time drawing and sketching, and his artistic skills were recognised when he was seven years old by teachers at Cromwell Road School which he attended in South Bank. During his early years as an artist, and supported by teachers at the Central Secondary Modern School (Victoria Street, Southbank), Nixon won several art competitions and a scholarship to Middlesbrough Art College in 1955 when he was sixteen. Although his time at art college was cut short by the death of his father, Nixon gained employment locally as a lithographic artist and left in 1965 to pursue his career as a full-time cartoonist, initially for DC Thomson of Dundee.
During this transition, Nixon met and married Rita Kelly and after living in Middlesbrough for several years they moved to Guisborough, North Yorkshire, where they raised their four children Paul, Tony, Wendy and Catherine.

### Career

In The Beano, he started out drawing Little Plum in the early 1960s after Leo Baxendale left DC Thomson. He later took over Roger the Dodger from Ken Reid and Lord Snooty from Dudley D. Watkins, and revived Grandpa, another Ken Reid creation, in the early 1970s in the same comic, as well as Captain Cutler and His Butler and Esky Mo in Sparky. He left DC Thomson shortly afterwards, and started to work at IPC Magazines (Fleetway), drawing such characters as Kid Kong, Frankie Stein (not to be confused with the Monster High character of the same name) and Gums.
Nixon drew The 12½p Buytonic Boy for Krazy, although Brian Walker frequently deputised when Nixon was on leave. The strip first appeared in issue 1, dated 16 October 1976.
Nixon returned to DC Thomson in 1984 after being asked to by new Beano editor Euan Kerr, and began drawing Roger the Dodger again, as well as creating Ivy the Terrible in 1985. Later his friend Trevor Metcalfe drew this strip.
Nixon's strips are still being reprinted in The Beano, appearing regularly as recently as 2011.
He would go on to draw Beryl the Peril in The Topper and Korky the Cat in The Dandy later on in the decade, and continue drawing them throughout the 1990s.

## Death

On 22 October 2002, Nixon died from a heart attack, aged 63.
# Ahmad Nawab

Tan Sri Dato' Seri Ahmad Khan bin Nawab Khan (6 April 1932 – 24 November 2024), known professionally as Ahmad Nawab, was a Malaysian composer. He wrote over 2000 songs and worked with artists including P. Ramlee, Saloma, Uji Rashid, Sudirman, Salamiah Hassan, Datuk Andre Goh and M. Sani.
Nawab became involved in the industry in Singapore in the 1950s, 60s and then joined forces in the 1970s with Orkestra RTM in Malaysia for 17 years and received numerous awards. Among the most notable awards is the Merak Kayangan Award [Best Song], the Bintang Malam (1980). The highest appreciation given by the Malaysian music industry to the senior composer is the Seniman Negara Award of 2006, on 20 November 2006. The award was granted by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin Syed Putra Jamalullail during the Anugerah Seni Negara event in 2006, organised by the Ministry of Culture, Arts and Tourism Malaysia or KeKKWa (acronym in Malay language). He also received a RM60,000 cash prize and was appointed to become the official delegate of KeKKWa in national and international forums and seminars.
Nawab was generally known for his signature sunglasses and white suit, and his performance of saxophone solos.

## Death

Nawab died due to old age on 24 November 2024. He was 92.
# Gabriel Kafian

Gabriel Gerasimi Kafian (1861 – 1930, Tbilisi) was an Armenian politician and activist, one of the founders of Social Democrat Hunchakian Party.

## Biography

Kafian was born in 1861, in Shusha, and graduated from Zurich University. In 1883, he participated in the Second International. In 1887, with Avetis Nazarbekian and others, he founded the Hunchak and the Social Democrat Hunchakian Party, the first socialist party in the Ottoman Empire and the Middle East. In 1889, he met Georgi Plekhanov and together with his group joined the Second International as a Hunchakian representative. In 1890, he moved to Constantinople, participated in the Kum Kapu Affray, then worked in Arabkir, Sebastia, Agn and Kharberd, where he formed revolutionary groups. He tried to include the Dersim Kurds in an anti-sultanic movement, but was arrested and jailed. After prison he lived in Europe. He was arrested again and transferred to Russian consul. In 1917, he participated in the February Revolution in Saint Petersburg.

## Sources

* The Armenian Question, encyclopedia, Ed. by acad. K. Khudaverdyan, Yerevan, 1996, p. 182.

## Link

* Hunchakian party
# Ya'ammu Nubwoserre

Nubwoserre Ya'ammu (also rendered as Ya'amu, Jamu and Jaam) was a ruler during the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt. This Asiatic-blooded ruler is traditionally placed in the Sixteenth Dynasty, an hypothesis still in use nowadays by scholars such as Jürgen von Beckerath; although recently Kim Ryholt proposed him as the second ruler of the 14th Dynasty.

## Identification

This ruler seems to have made little use of the cartouche – which was a pharaonic prerogative – since it was used only for the throne name, Nubwoserre, though not always. His personal name never appears inside a cartouche, and is simply reported as "the son of Ra, Ya'ammu".
Similar to his suggested predecessor Yakbim Sekhaenre, there is no direct evidence that Ya'ammu's throne name was Nubwoserre: the association is based on stylistic features of the seals and was proposed by William Ayres Ward and later elaborated by Ryholt; Daphna Ben-Tor disputed this identification, pointing out that the seals of the many rulers living during this period are too similar to make such correlations on the basis of mere design features. The Turin King List can not help with this issue since the ruler does not appear on it, likely due to a lacuna.
Assuming that Ward and Ryholt were right, Nubwoserre Ya'ammu is attested by 26 rather crude scarab seals (more precisely, 19 naming Nubwoserre and 7 naming Ya'ammu); based on that, Ryholt estimated for him a reign length of around ten years, in the interval 1780–1770 BCE. However, about the events of his reign absolutely nothing is known.
Israeli Egyptologist Raphael Giveon identifies Ya'ammu with his proposed predecessor Yakbim.
# Charles Breslin

Charles "Charlie" Breslin (5 September 1964 – 23 February 1985) was a volunteer in the West Tyrone Brigade of the Provisional Irish Republican Army from Strabane, County Tyrone in Northern Ireland.

## Background

Breslin was from the "Head of the Town" area in Strabane, close to the Irish border with Lifford, County Donegal. Breslin joined Na Fianna Éireann, an Irish republican Scouting movement, at the age of 15.

## Paramilitary activities

On 23 February 1985, Breslin, Michael Devine (22) and David Devine (16), all volunteers in the Provisional Irish Republican Army, were shot dead by undercover Special Air Service soldiers, while returning arms to a dump in a field off Plumbridge Road, Strabane.
The undercover soldiers were aware of the arms dump after being tipped off by an informer. Over 200 shots were fired at the trio and Breslin was hit 13 times.

## Shoot-to-kill policy

There were claims that the deaths were part of a wider British government "shoot-to-kill" policy in which republican paramilitaries were summarily executed without any attempt at arrest.
The families of the three IRA members that were killed claimed they were ambushed after a stake out by the SAS. In February 1987, a pathologist at the inquest stated two of the victims had been shot 28 times, mostly while on the ground, and that the third victim had been hit on the bridge of the nose. All three had single bullet wounds to the head.

## Damages from the Ministry of Defence

An undisclosed amount of compensation was awarded to the families of the three IRA volunteers by the Ministry of Defence on 7 May 2002, as part of a Belfast High Court settlement brought as a result of the shootings.

## Memorial attacked

In February 2005, in excess of a thousand people went to the graveside of Charles Breslin and the Devine brothers to mark the 20th anniversary of the shooting and hear an oration given by Gerry Adams. Members of the Police Service of Northern Ireland were accused of desecrating the graves of the volunteers, although Superintendent Raymond Murray of the PSNI denied that they had any involvement.