OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Harry & David Field

Harry & David Field is a baseball park in Medford, Oregon.
Adjacent to U.S. Cellular Community Park (now known as Lithia & Driveway Fields), it hosts youth and high school baseball, primarily the American Legion Medford Mustangs and the Medford Rogues, an independent collegiate wood bat team. Named for the Harry & David Corporation, which has its world headquarters located just south of the ballpark, it was the brainchild of local businessman Gary Miller.
Opened 19 years ago in 2005, the ballpark replaced the demolished Miles Field, which was about a mile (1.6 km) up Highway 99, now a Walmart. Construction of the ballpark was never completed, and it is off-limits to professional teams under an agreement reached between the stadium and the city, which allows only amateur baseball and other community events.
It was initially thought that Harry & David Field was a part of the U.S. Cellular Community Park complex, but has been since determined that it is a separate entity. From 2012 to 2013, the stadium underwent a major renovation and expansion to accommodate the new Medford Rogues. The city's last minor league team, the Southern Oregon Timberjacks of the Class A-Short Season Northwest League, arrived in 1979 as the Medford A's. After 21 seasons at Miles Field, they left in October 1999 for British Columbia and became the Vancouver Canadians.
The elevation of the natural grass playing field is approximately 1,420 feet (430 m) above sea level. It is aligned nearly due north (north by east); the recommended orientation (home plate to center field) is east-northeast.
# Popiołki, Łomża County

Popiołki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zbójna, within Łomża County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland.
# Xanthomyia platyptera

Xanthomyia platyptera is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Xanthomyia of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

United States.
# Shōhō

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Shōhō (正保) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, "year name") after Kan'ei and before Keian. This period spanned the years from December 1644 through February 1648. The reigning emperor was Go-Kōmyō-tennō (後光明天皇).

## Change of era

* 1644 Shōhō gannen (正保元年): The era name was changed to Shōhō to mark the enthronement of the new emperor Go-Kōmyō. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in Kan'ei 21, on the 16th day of the 12th month.

## Events of the Shōhō era

* 1644 (Shōhō 1): The third major map of Japan was ordered by the Tokugawa Shogunate—the first having been completed in Keichō 10—at a scale of 1:432,000 (based on maps of the provinces drawn to a scale of 1:21,600).
* May 18, 1645 (Shōhō 2, 23rd day of the 4th month): The Shōgun was elevated the court role of Middle Counselor (中納言, Chūnaigon).
* June 13, 1645 (Shōhō 2, 19th day of the 5th month): Death of Miyamoto Musashi.
* December 1645 (Shōhō 3): Death of Takuan Sōhō, a leading figure in the Zen reform movement.
* January 18, 1646 (Shōhō 2, 2nd day of the 12th month): Death of Hosokawa Tadaoki.
* May 11, 1646 (Shōhō 3, 26th day of the 3rd month): Death of Yagyū Munenori.
* 1648 (Shōhō 6): The shogunate issues a legal code governing the lives of commoners in Edo.
# Matsudaira Ietada (Fukōzu)

    This is about a member of the Fukōzu-Matsudaira. For others of the same name, see Matsudaira Ietada.
Matsudaira Ietada (松平 家忠, 1555 – September 8, 1600), also known as Tomomo no Suke was a Japanese samurai of the Sengoku period. He was the adoptive father of Matsudaira Tadayoshi, the fourth son of Tokugawa Ieyasu

## Biography

Ietada was the fourth son of Matsudaira Koretada, who was the head of the Fukōzu branch of the Matsudaira clan. Ietada served his brother Tokugawa Ieyasu from a young age.
In 1572, he fought at the Battle of Mikatagahara. He fought in many of Ieyasu's campaigns, including against Takeda Katsuyori in the Battle of Nagashino 1575. and took part in the Siege of Takatenjin (1581) against Okabe Motonobu.
In 1590, after Siege of Odawara, Ietada was granted Oshi Domain (100,000 koku) in Musashi Province. He was transferred to Kashira Domain in 1592 and to Omigawa Domain in 1594.
In 1599, he was given command of Fushimi Castle near Kyoto. He was killed fighting against Ishida Mitsunari at the siege of Fushimi in 1600.

## Legacy

Ietada is known for his journal, Ietada nikki (家忠日記), which he kept for the 17 year interval between 1575 and August 1594.
# Daniel R. Carey

Daniel Carey is a State Representative who represents the 2nd Hampshire District in the Massachusetts House of Representatives. He represents the towns of Easthampton, Hadley, South Hadley, and Granby. Carey serves on the Joint Committee on Education, the Joint Committee on Election Laws, the Joint Committee on Environment, Natural Resources and Agriculture, and the Joint Committee on Mental Health, Substance Use and Recovery.
Before serving as a State Representative, Carey served as a City Councilor at Large in Easthampton. Before serving as City Councilor, Carey served on the Easthampton school committee.
# George M. Mitchell

George MacGregor Mitchell (born August 8, 1932) is a lawyer and former political figure in Nova Scotia. He represented Halifax Cornwallis in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1970 to 1978 as a Liberal.
He was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, the son of George M. Mitchell and Jane Graham, and was educated at Dalhousie University and McGill University. In 1956, he married Diane Marion Walker.
Mitchell entered provincial politics in the 1970 election, defeating Progressive Conservative cabinet minister Richard Donahoe by over 1400 votes in Halifax Cornwallis. He was re-elected in the 1974 election, defeating Progressive Conservative George Cooper by over 1500 votes. In the 1978 election, Mitchell was defeated by Progressive Conservative Terry Donahoe. Mitchell served as speaker for the Nova Scotia assembly from 1970 to 1973, when he was appointed to the Executive Council of Nova Scotia as Minister of Development. He was named Minister of Education in 1976.
# Mordell–Weil theorem

In mathematics, the Mordell–Weil theorem states that for an abelian variety $A$ over a number field $K$, the group $A(K)$ of K-rational points of $A$ is a finitely-generated abelian group, called the Mordell–Weil group. The case with $A$ an elliptic curve $E$ and $K$ the field of rational numbers is Mordell's theorem, answering a question apparently posed by Henri Poincaré around 1901; it was proved by Louis Mordell in 1922. It is a foundational theorem of Diophantine geometry and the arithmetic of abelian varieties.

## History

The tangent-chord process (one form of addition theorem on a cubic curve) had been known as far back as the seventeenth century. The process of infinite descent of Fermat was well known, but Mordell succeeded in establishing the finiteness of the quotient group $E(\mathbb {Q} )/2E(\mathbb {Q} )$ which forms a major step in the proof. Certainly the finiteness of this group is a necessary condition for $E(\mathbb {Q} )$ to be finitely generated; and it shows that the rank is finite. This turns out to be the essential difficulty. It can be proved by direct analysis of the doubling of a point on E.
Some years later André Weil took up the subject, producing the generalisation to Jacobians of higher genus curves over arbitrary number fields in his doctoral dissertation published in 1928. More abstract methods were required, to carry out a proof with the same basic structure. The second half of the proof needs some type of height function, in terms of which to bound the 'size' of points of $A(K)$. Some measure of the co-ordinates will do; heights are logarithmic, so that (roughly speaking) it is a question of how many digits are required to write down a set of homogeneous coordinates. For an abelian variety, there is no a priori preferred representation, though, as a projective variety.
Both halves of the proof have been improved significantly by subsequent technical advances: in Galois cohomology as applied to descent, and in the study of the best height functions (which are quadratic forms).

## Further results

The theorem leaves a number of questions still unanswered:
* Calculation of the rank. This is still a demanding computational problem, and does not always have effective solutions.
* Meaning of the rank: see Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture.
* Possible torsion subgroups: Barry Mazur proved in 1978 that the Mordell–Weil group can have only finitely many torsion subgroups. This is the elliptic curve case of the torsion conjecture.
* For a curve $C$ in its Jacobian variety as $A$, can the intersection of $C$ with $A(K)$ be infinite? Because of Faltings's theorem, this is false unless $C=A$.
* In the same context, can $C$ contain infinitely many torsion points of $A$? Because of the Manin–Mumford conjecture, proved by Michel Raynaud, this is false unless it is the elliptic curve case.
# The Near Room

The Near Room is a 1995 British film directed by and starring David Hayman. It premiered at the Edinburgh International Film Festival before its distribution in the United Kingdom in 1997. The film is set within the "Glasgow Noir" genre, blending elements of drama and thriller. The title refers to a metaphorical place where one's most nightmarish fears and dreadful imaginings reside. It also marked the film debut of James McAvoy

## Plot

Journalist Charlie Colquhoun spends his career in a rumble, with danger of a lawsuit by lawyer Harris Hill, Colquhoun's old schoolmate, while defending a client. Elise Gray, Coulquhoun's ex-wife, passes onto Charlie the job of finding a missing teenager, Tommy. In a fate of events, his life gets mangled with dodgy characters, in the underground world with murder, blackmail, child prostitution and rape.

## Cast

* Adrian Dunbar as Charlie Colquhoun
* David O'Hara as Harris Hill
* David Hayman as Dougie Patterson
* Julie Graham as Elise Gray
* Andy Serkis as Bunny
* James McAvoy as Kevin
* Robert Pugh as Eddie Harte
* Garry Sweeney as Young Harris Hill
* Allan Sharpe as Pa Savage
* Annie Louise Ross as Ma Savage
* Peter McDougall as Alastair Clegg
* James Ellis as Pat
* Emma Faulkner as Tommy Stirling

## Critical response

The response to this movie was mixed.
Derek Elley, Variety, says:
   [...] Debut scripter Robert Murphy’s four-letter dialogue is square-jawed without tipping over into parody.
   Main problem is getting an emotional hook on the characters, all of whom are either cold or thoroughly disagreeable, including the central protag. Though Dunbar holds the screen here better than in the recent (also noirish) "Innocent Lies", he’s still a fine character actor rather than a leading man.
   Audience involvement isn’t helped by an unbalanced soundtrack in which much of the already hard-to-comprehend thick Scottish dialogue battles against music and effects. In as densely a plotted movie as this, you really need to be able to follow every word.
   [...] Newcomer Faulkner is excellent as the bruised but tough Tommy.
   Aside from the sound mix, tech credits on the pic are superior, given the paltry $1.2 million budget. Andy Harris’ inventive production design and Martin Sharpe’s editing are both on the money.
# Frederick Schrecker

Frederick Schrecker (10 January 1892 – 13 July 1976) was an Austrian actor, who appeared on stage, screen and film in his home country and the United Kingdom.
Beginning his career on stage, Schrecker went on to feature in German films "Der Feldherrnhügel" (1926) and "Die Koffer des Herrn O.F." (1931) under the names Fritz Schrecker and Franz Schrecker.
As a result of the Nazi regime in Germany, Schrecker, being Jewish, was forced to flee to England. There, in 1939, he was a co-founder of the Viennese Theatre Club of Paddington, a "celebrated émigré cabaret and theatre", also known as Das Laterndl. The theatrical group of talented Austrian exiles, which included the likes of Lona Cross, Martin Miller and Marianne Walla became known for their sketches and plays which represented a "satirical commentary on Vienna under Nazi rule".
During the Second World War, Schrecker participated in BBC anti-Nazi information programmes. After the war ended he stayed in Israel for a while before returning to England in 1947.
There, he anglicised his first name to Frederick and appeared in many TV productions, including four of the six episodes of The Trollenberg Terror (as Dr. Spielmann), (but not in the feature film of the same, The Trollenberg Terror); Dixon of Dock Green; No Hiding Place; The Four Just Men; Compact; Doctor Who: The Web of Fear; Callan; and The Liver Birds; and films, too, such as Counterspy, in 1953, working up until his death.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1926 | Grandstand for General Staff | Regimentsarzt | |
| 1931 | The Trunks of Mr. O.F. | | |
| 1949 | The Third Man | Hansel's Father | Uncredited |
| 1950 | Murder Without Crime | Max | Uncredited |
| 1953 | Innocents in Paris | Porter | Uncredited |
| 1953 | Counterspy | Plattnauer | |
| 1954 | Johnny on the Spot | Otto Dessau | |
| 1954 | The Master Plan | Dr. Morganstern | |
| 1954 | The Divided Heart | Reporter | Uncredited |
| 1955 | Oh... Rosalinda!! | Gentleman | |
| 1956 | Foreign Intrigue | Mannheim | |
| 1956 | Breakaway | Professor Dohlmann | |
| 1957 | The Traitor | Suderman's Aide | |
| 1958 | Mark of the Phoenix | Van de Velde | |
| 1960 | Beyond the Curtain | Diener | Uncredited |
| 1961 | Taste of Fear | Plainclothes Officer | Uncredited |
| 1967 | Billion Dollar Brain | Old Man in Train | |
| 1967 | The Mini-Affair | Swiss Banker | |
| 1971 | Deviation | Old Man Taxidermist | |
# Erik Ruthford Pedersen

Erik Ruthford Pedersen (born 14 February 1946) is a Norwegian former football manager.
A player with a modest career in Start, he started his managing career in local clubs Vindbjart and Vigør before being hired by Bodø/Glimt. After two seasons he returned to Start, first as assistant manager, then as manager from 1982 to 1984. After long periods as youth coach and assistant manager, he again became manager in 1995. From 2007 through 2017 he was their goalkeeper coach. He was the father of players Kjetil Ruthford Pedersen and Steinar Pedersen, and after Steinar Pedersen was sacked as manager by Start's new director of sports Tor-Kristian Karlsen in 2017, Pedersen quit Start. He was regarded as a club legend and a person who "was Start". He instead became goalkeeper coach of Vigør, and of Arendal when his son Steinar Pedersen was managed there.
# Erik Hoftun

Erik Hoftun (born 3 March 1969) is a Norwegian former professional footballer who played as a central defender.

## Career

Born in Kyrksæterøra, Hoftun started his career at KIL/Hemne before moving to Molde FK in 1992. He went to Rosenborg BK in 1994, where he won 11 league titles and 3 cup titles in 11 years. Hoftun was a key player for Rosenborg in the Norwegian league and the UEFA Champions League, where he played a total of 82 matches.
At his peak, Hoftun was arguably one of the best central defenders in Scandinavia, with superb anticipation and offensive qualities. His lack of speed was his one major weakness, though he usually managed to mask it through footballing experience and understanding of the game. For Norway's national team, he has been capped 30 times. In a 2004 issue of the official UEFA Champions League publication, Champions Magazine, Hoftun was ranked as no. 86 in a list of the 250 greatest European football players of all time. The jury's comment on Hoftun read:
   Rosenborg and Norway's defender is a legend in his home country. He's provided stability for his club in a remarkable 74 Champions League games since 1995.
In 2005, Hoftun moved to FK Bodø/Glimt, where he finished his career as an active football player. On 24 June 2007, while playing a match for Bodø/Glimt, Hoftun suffered from cardiac arrest after getting a knee in the chest in a duel. The club's doctor ran onto the pitch to revive him. The doctor's fast reaction is likely to have saved Hoftun's life.
In November 2007, Hoftun returned to Rosenborg in an administrative role, and worked as assistant director after Knut Torbjørn Eggen resigned. On 18 August 2008, he got the position permanently.

## Honours

Rosenborg'
* Norwegian top division: 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004
* Norwegian Cup: 1995, 1999, 2003
Individual
* Kniksen award as defender of the year: 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000
# Finn Urdal

Finn Urdal (born 9 September 1944) is a retired Norwegian handball player who competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics.
He was born in Horten and represented the club Fredensborg/Ski HK. In 1972 he was part of the Norwegian team, which finished ninth in the Olympic tournament. He played three matches and scored three goals.
# Frank Nervik

Frank Nervik (21 June 1934 – 12 January 2020) was a Norwegian football goalkeeper.
He grew up in Øya, Trondheim, and spent his career in SK Brage except for a tenure in Fredrikstad FK. In his older days he was a central member of Sjetne IL. In 1959 he was capped once for Norway and twice for Norway B.
# Joint Implementation

Joint Implementation (JI) is one of three flexibility mechanisms set out in the Kyoto Protocol to help countries with binding greenhouse gas emissions targets (the Annex I countries) meet their treaty obligations. Under Article 6, any Annex I country can invest in a project to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in any other Annex I country (referred to as a "Joint Implementation Project") as an alternative to reducing emissions domestically. In this way countries can lower the costs of complying with their Kyoto targets by investing in projects where reducing emissions may be cheaper and applying the resulting Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) towards their commitment goal.
A JI project might involve, for example, replacing a coal-fired power plant with a more efficient combined heat and power plant. Most JI projects are expected to take place in the economies in transition (the EIT Parties) noted in Annex B of the Kyoto Protocol. Currently Russia and Ukraine are slated to host the greatest number of JI projects.
Unlike the case of the Clean Development Mechanism, the JI has caused less concern of spurious emission reductions, as the JI project, in contrast to the CDM project, takes place in a country which has a commitment to reduce emissions under the Kyoto Protocol.
The process of receiving credit for JI projects is somewhat complex. Emission reduction projects are awarded credits called Emission Reduction Units (ERUs), which represents an emission reduction equivalent to one tonne of CO$_2$ equivalent. The ERUs come from the host country's pool of assigned emissions credits, known as Assigned Amount Units, or AAUs. Each Annex I party has a predetermined amount of AAUs, calculated on the basis of its 1990 greenhouse gas emission levels. By requiring JI credits to come from a host country's pool of AAUs, the Kyoto Protocol ensures that the total amount of emissions credits among Annex I parties does not change for the duration of the Kyoto Protocol's first commitment period.

## Projects

The formal crediting period for JI was aligned with the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol, and did not start until January 2008 (Carbon Trust, 2009, p. 20). In November 2008, only 22 JI projects had been officially approved and registered. By 2012, it is expected that the total number of ERUs generated by JI will be around 300 million. This estimate is based on values taken from project plans, and makes no adjustment to account for delivery in practice.
Russia accounts for about two-thirds of these projected savings, with the remainder divided up roughly equally between Ukraine and the EU's New Member States. Emission savings include cuts in methane, HFC, and N$_2$O emissions.
In December 2012, ERU prices crashed to a low of 15c before recovering to 23c after news that EU’s Climate Change Committee was to vote on a ban of ERUs from countries that have not signed up to a second commitment period under the Kyoto Protocol. In January 2013, Bloomberg reported that Emission Reduction Unit prices declined 89 percent in the 2012 year.
# Frode Olsen

Frode Olsen (born 12 October 1967) is a Norwegian former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He earned 26 international caps for the Norway national team.
During his career he played for clubs like Viking F.K., Stabæk IF, IK Start and Sevilla FC. He won the Kniksen award as goalie of the year three years in a row from 1997 to 1999.
After retirement, he coached the Klepp IL women's team, then he commentated Spanish football on the Norwegian TV channel TV 2. After TV 2 lost the broadcasting contract for Spanish football, he began working as a studio analyst covering Tippeligaen. While being employed at TV 2, he was the sports director of Bryne FK between January and September 2008.
His favorite English team is Luton Town.
He has also qualified as a referee, officiating on games in Youth Football local to Stavanger from May 2011.
# Frode Thomassen

Frode Thomassen (born 20 April 1967) is a retired Norwegian football midfielder.
He joined Lyn from FK Fauske/Sprint and played four seasons for the senior team, the last one in Eliteserien where he got 3 games. He went on to Stabæk, playing 19 league games.
After working in the Norwegian Ministry of Culture and the administration of Nord University, he was hired in 2017 as managing director of FK Bodø/Glimt.
# Gunnar Sandborg

Gunnar Sandborg (7 June 1927 – 5 May 2022) was a Norwegian rower who competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics. He died on 5 May 2022, at the age of 94.