OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# RPG-40

The RPG-40 was an anti-tank hand grenade developed by the Soviet Union in 1940. A marginally effective design capable of penetrating about 20–25 millimetres (0.79–0.98 in) of steel armour, it was soon replaced by the RPG-43 and later the RPG-6, both used shaped charges to increase penetration.
Despite becoming quickly obsolete, the grenade remained in service post-war as an anti-personnel weapon, and it was also effective against defensive positions such as bunkers or machine gun nests.

## Description

The RPG-40 is a blast anti-tank grenade, with a detonator fitted into a recess in the head of the grenade. Its stabilized in flight by a cloth ribbon which unfolds after being thrown.
Upon contact, 760 grams (1.68 lb) of explosives contained within it were detonated and produced a blast effect. This enabled about 20–25 mm (0.79–0.98 in) of armour to be penetrated and caused secondary damage, such as spalling, on contact with thicker armour.
Due to its heavy weight, the grenade could only be thrown at very short ranges, around 20–25 metres (22–27 yd) and behind protected positions, due to the blast and secondary fragmentation effect. According to Jane's, the grenade had an effective fragmentation radius of 20 m (22 yd).
It was also used against enemy defensive positions such as bunkers, machine gun nests, and pillboxes.

## History

The RPG-40 was distributed to Red Army units in 1940, a year before the Great Patriotic War.
In July 1941, Main Artillery Directorate issued an order to begin mass production of these grenades as soon as possible. The production was organized by engineer S. Novikov.
It was effective against lightly armoured vehicles such as the Panzer I and Panzer II, but quickly became obsolete once the Germans started deploying heavier and better armoured tanks.
In March 1943, RPG-40 grenades were tested on a German Pz.Kpfw. VI "Tiger" heavy tank (which was captured by Red Army on the Volkhov Front). As a result, it was found that the RPG-40 can destroy the Tiger's tracked treads, but is no longer able to penetrate its thick side armor. After that, the RPG-40 was replaced by the RPG-43 and RPG-6, both designs used a shaped charge warhead to provide better penetration, but it remained in use as an anti-personnel (despite its short range) and anti-bunker weapon.
In the post-war period, surplus grenades were supplied to Warsaw Pact countries. These were used by regular army units as late as 1960, and remained in use with militia units as late as 1987.
During the Vietnam War, the Soviets supplied North Vietnam with RPG-40, RPG-43, and RPG-6 anti-tank grenades.

## Users

* Albania
* East Germany
* Poland
* Soviet Union
* Vietnam
# Tsugaru Nobumasa

Tsugaru Nobumasa (津軽 信政, August 28, 1646 – December 8, 1710) was the 4th daimyō of Hirosaki Domain in northern Mutsu Province, Honshū, Japan (modern-day Aomori Prefecture). His courtesy title was Etchū-no-kami, and his Court rank was Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade.

## Biography

Tsugaru Nobumasa was the eldest son of Tsugaru Nobuyoshi, 3rd daimyō of Hirosaki Domain and was born at Hirosaki Castle. He was 9 when his father died, and his uncle Tsugaru Nobufusa acted as regent until his coming of age. Of scholarly disposition, he studied in Edo (modern Tokyo) under the great Confucian scholar Yamaga Sokō, and Yoshikawa Koretaru. On assuming power in Hirosaki, he embarked on a large public works program, enlarging the castle town, developing the forestry industry, developing new paddy fields, flood control, and developing sericulture, textiles, silk, and paper as sources of local income. In 1660, he completed the construction of a 4.2 kilometer long dam to create Lake Tsugaru-Fushimi for irrigation purposes. It was the largest dam in Japan at the time. He also invited over 40 cultural figures to settle in Hirosaki to raise its level of culture.
His military forces were called to Ezo by the Tokugawa bakufu in the suppression of Shakushain's revolt, an Ainu uprising against Japanese rule in 1669, and was master-of-ceremonies at the shōgun's pilgrimage to Nikko in 1683.
However, in 1695 a crop failure resulted in famine in the Tsugaru area, and Hirosaki Domain lost 30,000 people. Nobumasa had 5 sons and 26 daughters. He died on December 8, 1710, and his grave is at the Takateru Jinja in Hirosaki. Nobumasa was succeeded by his eldest son, Tsugaru Nobuhisa.
# Tome of the Ancient and Esoteric Mysteries of the Powers of Peleahn

Tome of the Ancient and Esoteric Mysteries of the Powers of Peleahn is a supplement published by Columbia Games in 1989 for the fantasy role-playing game HârnMaster.

## Contents

Tome of the Ancient and Esoteric Mysteries of the Powers of Peleahn is a supplement which contains 24 new spells dealing with fire, which is the element of the god Peleahn. The book also lists Peleahnian lodges of magic as well as those of the Arcane Guild.

## Publication history

This 28-page saddle-stitched book written by N. Robin Crossby and with additional material by Rob Duff, Neil H. Hewitson, Edwin King, Simon Matthews, and Jim Sanderson, was the second of six books published in the Tome of the Ancient and Esoteric Mysteries series. Artwork and cover art was by Eric Hotz.

## Reception

Stewart Wieck reviewed Tome of the Ancient and Esoteric Mysteries of the Powers of Peleahn for White Wolf #20, rating it 3 out of 5 overall, and stated that "while the spells are average overall, a HarnMaster fan will likely find the compendium useful."
# Irene Campbell

Irene Campbell is a Scottish Labour Party politician who has served as the Member of Parliament for North Ayrshire and Arran since 2024.
In the town of Saltcoats, she is the chair of SPLASH, a group seeking funding to refurbish the town's outdoor tidal pool.

## Early life and education

Irene Campbell was born in 1964 in Saltcoats, North Ayrshire. She was educated locally at Auchenharvie Academy before attending university gaining a BA (Hons) and later a master's degree.

## SPLASH Group

During the pandemic, Irene became frustrated at the fact swimming pools were closed and Saltcoats had an outdoor pool which had been left in a dilapidated state for a number of years.
In response, Irene founded the SPLASH Group which has been looking into getting investment to bring the tidal pool back into use which has involved work with architects.
She had fond memories of the former pool from her time growing up in the town - and so the idea to return it to its former glory was born.
Since that time feasibility study and engineer’s reports have been completed, confirming that a revival of the outdoor bathing pool would be possible - and would cost in the region of £500,000.

## Parliamentary career

Campbell was elected as the Scottish Labour MP for North Ayrshire and Arran on a 21.5% swing to Labour from the SNP, unseating the nine year incumbent Patricia Gibson.
In November 2024, Campbell voted in favour of the Terminally Ill Adults (End of Life) Bill, which proposes to legalise assisted suicide.

## Personal life

Campbell lives in her home-town of Saltcoats and enjoys swimming.
Campbell is the younger sister of Professor Andy Campbell.
# Hardenberger Bach

Hardenberger Bach is a river of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It flows into the Deilbach in Langenberg.
# Pustmühlenbach

Pustmühlenbach is a small river of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is 3.7 km (2.3 mi) long and flows into the Casumer Bach as a left tributary near Borgholzhausen.
# Rarbach

Rarbach is a small river of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is 8.3 km (5.2 mi) long and flows as a right tributary into the Henne near Herhagen.
# Denis Guyer

Denis E. Guyer (born July 11, 1966 in Pittsfield, Massachusetts) is an American politician who represented the 2nd Berkshire District in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 2005–2011. He had previously served as a member of the Board of Selectmen in Dalton, Massachusetts from 2001–2004. He served as Vice Chairman of the Joint Committee on the Environment, Natural Resources and Agriculture from 2009-2011, At the time he served, the Second Berkshire District was geographically the largest House District in the Massachusetts Legislature, consisting of twenty towns and precinct B in Ward One of the City of Pittsfield.
# Baap Manus

Baap Manus (transl. Father Man) is a 2023 Indian Marathi-language family drama film directed by Yogesh Phulpagar (his directorial debut), from story screenplay and dialogues by Omkar Gokhale, Jeet Ashok and Virajas Kulkarni. It is produced by Anand Pandit and Pushkar Jog's production houses Anand Pandit Motion Pictures and Goosebumps Entertainment respectively. The film stars Pushkar Jog, Anusha Dandekar, Kushal Badrike, Shubhangi Gokhale and child actor Keya Ingle in lead roles.

## Cast

* Pushkar Jog
* Anusha Dandekar
* Kushal Badrike
* Shubhangi Gokhale
* Keya Ingle

## Production

Baap Manus film is Anand Pandit’s sixth association with Pushkar Jog, previous collaborations are Well Done Baby and Victoria - Ek Rahasya. Yogesh Phulpagar is making his directorial debut with the film.
Pushkar Jog was joined the film after completed production of Victoria Ek Rahasya in Scotland. Anusha Dandekar joined in November 2022, made her debut in Marathi cinema. Kushal Badrike also confirmed for lead role in the film.
The shooting of the film was held in London.

## Release

The film was theatrically released on 1 September 2023, previously it was scheduled to be released on 16 June 2023 and then 25 August 2023.

## Reception

Jaydeep Pathakjee of Maharashtra Times rated 3.0 stars out of 5 stars and wrote "It is an emotional film with a family twist. Those who are used to watching such movies may like Baap Manus." Mihir Bhanage of The Times of India rated 2.5 stars out of 5 stars and wrote "The concept is endearing, and the effort is heartfelt, but the outcome isn't as impactful as it should've been."
# Sarah Coombes

Sarah Rose Tattum Coombes is a British politician who has been the Member of Parliament for West Bromwich since 2024.

## Education

Coombes was educated at Queens Park Community School in London and read history and politics at Jesus College, Oxford from 2010 to 2013.

## Political career

Coombes previously worked for Tom Watson as his head of policy and communications for three years when he was Labour deputy leader and subsequently as an advisor for the Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan.
In November 2024, Coombes voted in favour of the Terminally Ill Adults (End of Life) Bill, which proposes to legalise assisted suicide.
# The Astor

The Astor is a building at 235 West 75th Street, on Broadway between 75th and 76th Streets, on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City. William Waldorf Astor hired architects Clinton and Russell to design the two southern towers of The Astor in 1901. In 1914, William Waldorf Astor hired Peabody, Wilson & Brown to design a third tower for The Astor. The third tower, completed within a year, is structurally and aesthetically similar to both original towers. All three wings are connected at the base and have gray brick facades above a limestone base. The buildings are also distinguished by limestone quoins.
The “newer tower” is four stories taller as it accommodates larger penthouse-style apartments for the wealthy residents who were becoming increasingly attracted to the Upper West Side. This attraction was based on its proximity to Central Park, the first subway line, and Broadway, the primary corridor connecting uptown to the Financial District.
In 1977, Herbert Mandel took over the property for rental apartments and in 2014 HFZ Capital, which is headed by Ziel Feldman, brought the property for conversion to condominium apartments.
In 2021, HFZ lost control of the property, and CIM Group stepped in to complete construction and sell the remaining condo inventory.
# Daniel K. Webster

Daniel K. Webster (born April 2, 1964 in Stoughton, Massachusetts) is an American attorney and politician who represented the 6th Plymouth District in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 2003 to 2013. Webster is a graduate of Colby College in Maine and Suffolk University Law School in Boston.
# Zopherus

Zopherus is a genus of beetles comprising 19 species. They live in the Americas and are adapted to wood-boring.

## Distribution

Species of Zopherus only live in the Americas, where they are distributed from Venezuela to the southern United States. Ten species live in the United States, five of them in California.

## Description

Members of the genus are long and cylindrical, with very thick exoskeletons. Indeed, the elytra are so thick that it is often necessary to drill a hole in them in order to mount specimens. Species living north of the Rio Grande are almost all uniformly black in colour, while the tropical species are almost all strongly patterned in contrasting black and white. The animal's head is largely hidden by the thorax. The elytra are fused together, rendering Zopherus species unable to fly.

## Ecology

Zopherus species are adapted for boring into wood, some species even being reported to bore into sound wood, rather than only dead wood. Z. tristis lives under the bark of the desert tamarisk in the Colorado Desert, while Z. granicollis bores into the root crowns of Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi) and single-leaf pine (Pinus monophylla).

## Taxonomy

The genus Zopherus encompasses species previously referred to three other genera, Megazopherus, Zopherinus and Zopherodes, all of which are now synonymized under Zopherus. Many of the species have also been known by a number of taxonomic synonyms. The genus was initially erected in 1832 by George Robert Gray, using the spelling Zopheros. This was later emended by Laporte de Castelnau to the more usual transliteration Zopherus; the authorship should nonetheless ascribed to Gray, and not to Laporte, as many authors have done.

## Use as living jewels

The species Zopherus chilensis from Yucatán, Mexico has been used in jewelry as living jewels.

## Etymology

The name Zopherus is from the Greek: zopher, meaning "dusky" or "gloomy".

### Species

Charles A. Triplehorn recognised 19 species in his 1972 monograph:
* Zopherus angulicollis Champion, 1884
* Zopherus championi Triplehorn, 1972
* Zopherus chilensis Gray, 1832
* Zopherus concolor LeConte, 1851
* Zopherus elegans Horn, 1870
* Zopherus gracilis Horn, 1867
* Zopherus granicollis Horn, 1885
* Zopherus jansoni Champion, 1884
* Zopherus jourdani Sallé, 1849
* Zopherus laevicollis Colier, 1841
* Zopherus mexicanus Gray, 1832
* Zopherus nervosus Solier, 1841
* Zopherus nodulosus Solier, 1841
* Zopherus opacus Horn, 1867
* Zopherus sanctaehelenae (Blaisdell, 1931)
* Zopherus solieri Triplehorn, 1972
* Zopherus tristis LeConte, 1851
* Zopherus uteanus (Casey, 1907)
* Zopherus xestus Triplehorn, 1972
# Radha Prem Rangi Rangli

Radha Prem Rangi Rangli is Indian Marathi-language television series which aired on Colors Marathi. It premiered from 27 November 2017 and ended on 30 March 2019 completing 440 episodes.

## Plot

It is a story focusing on Radha and Prem, who have 2 different school of thoughts. However, they both love their siblings too much and will go to any extent for their smile. The story said how these two opposite personalities will finally find love for each other.

## Cast
### Main

* Sachit Patil as Prem Deshmukh – Madhuri's son; Vishwanath's step-son; Anvita's half-brother; Deepika's step-cousin and ex-fiancé; Radha's husband.
* Veena Jagtap as Radha Nimbalkar Deshmukh – Madhavrao and Nalini's daughter; Aditya's sister; Prem's wife.

### Recurring

* Kavita Lad as Madhuri Paranjape – Vishwanath's wife; Prem and Anvita's mother.
* Shailesh Datar as Madhavrao Nimbalkar – Mrs. Nimbalkar's son; Nalini's husband; Aditya and Radha's father.
* Aparna Aparajit as Nalini Nimbalkar – Madhavrao's wife; Aditya and Radha's mother.
* Vidya Karanjikar as Mrs. Nimbalkar – Madhavrao's mother; Aditya and Radha's grandmother.
* Nirankar Namjoshi as Aditya Nimbalkar – Madhavrao and Nalini's son; Radha's brother; Anvita's husband.
* Akshaya Gurav as Anvita Paranjape Nimbalkar – Madhuri and Vishwanath's daughter; Prem's half-sister; Deepika's cousin; Aditya's wife.
* Gautam Joglekar as Vishwanath Paranjape – Shakuntala's brother; Madhuri's husband; Anvita's father; Prem's step-father.
* Rugvedi Pradhan as Shravni – Radha and Aditya's aunt.
* Sarika Navathe as Shakuntala Paranjape – Vishwanath's sister; Deepika's mother.
* Archana Nipankar as Deepika Paranjape – Shakuntala's daughter; Anvita's cousin; Prem's step-cousin and ex-fiancée.
# Judith Huxley

Judith Huxley (1926 – 17 October 1983) was an American food columnist for The Washington Post.
She was born in Boston, Massachusetts. She lived in New York, New York, where she was a publicity writer for the Federation of Jewish Philanthropies Appeal and was also a writer for the Rockefeller Foundation and J. Walter Thompson.
She moved to Washington, D.C. in 1963. She was a contributor to Food & Wine magazine and The Washingtonian magazine. A book, Judith Huxley's Table for eight: Recipes and Menus for Entertaining with the Seasons (ISBN 0-688-02639-7) was published posthumously.
She was the second wife of Matthew Huxley. She died of cancer.
# Roger Achten

Roger Achten (20 December 1927 – 10 April 2004) was a Belgian fencer. He competed in the individual and team épée events at the 1956 and 1960 Summer Olympics.
# Juan Damián Matos

Juan Damián Matos Rodríguez (born 4 April 1963) is a retired Spanish Paralympic judoka. He won a gold medal at the 1992 Summer Paralympics.
# Pitcairnia albiflos

Pitcairnia albiflos is a species of bromeliad in the family Bromeliaceae. This species is endemic to Brazil.
This white-flowered species often hybridizes with the red-flowered Pitcairnia staminea, producing pink-flowered offspring.
# Jordan Matyas

Jordan Matyas (née Gray) (born July 2, 1993) is an American rugby union player.

## Background

Matyas attended Brigham Young University where she majored in Exercise Science.

## Rugby career
### 2016–17

Originally from Canada, she made her debut for the United States in 2016. She was named in the Eagles 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup squad.

### 2022

In 2022, Matyas was named in the Eagles squad for the Pacific Four Series in New Zealand. She was later named in the Eagles squad to the 2021 Rugby World Cup in New Zealand.
# When Two Worlds War

When Two Worlds War is a 1993 video game developed by Impression Games. It is a strategic simulation of interplanetary conflict.

## Critical reception

Amiga Format thought the game was neither simplistic nor shallow. Meanwhile, CU Amiga Magazine felt the game was identical to Utopia in every way, sans the fun.
Computer Gaming World's Martin Cirulis praised the packaging and the manuals, with the interface being described as "exceptionally clear and easy to use." However on the gameplay front, he felt that the game lacked personality, with "potential strengths... left unexplored." He also found the AI too easy to defeat, even at the highest level. Overall, he concluded that while the game was not bad, it fell short of its potential, comparing the game to getting Battlestar Galactica when Star Wars had been promised.
# Mallobathra memotuina

Mallobathra memotuina is a moth of the family Psychidae. It was described by Charles Edwin Clarke in 1934.This species is endemic to New Zealand and has been observed in and around Dunedin. Adults are on the wing in November and December and have been collected just before sunrise.

## Taxonomy

This species was first described by Charles Edwin Clarke in 1934 using two specimens collected on the face of Vauxhall Cliff at Andersons Bay in Dunedin. George Hudson discussed and illustrated this species in his book A supplement to the butterflies and moths of New Zealand. J. S. Dugdale confirmed the placement of this species in the genus Mallobathra in 1971. The male holotype, although said to be held at the Auckland War Memorial Museum, was not able to be located 1988, however the museum holds three allotype specimens.

## Description

Clarke described the species as follows:
   ♂ 12 mm. ♀ 14 mm. Head and palpi purplish and fuscous brown. Antennae dark fuscous with admixture of ochreous; ciliations in ♂ 2. Thorax and abdomen dark purplish brown; legs purplish brown mixed with ochreous and annulated on tibia and tarsi. Forewings elongate; costa moderately arched, apex rather acutely rounded, termen strongly oblique; purplish fuscous with 5 to 6 ochreous white fasciae from costa. Basal one is at about 1⁄6 outwardly oblique, second at 1⁄3 inwardly oblique, the third at 1⁄2 broken in centre of wing after waving outwardly, then inwardly to dorsum, the fourth at 2⁄3 more straight to dorsum, but sometimes broken and spotted with purplish, fifth and sixth close together before apical patch, outwardly oblique; cilia dark fuscous. Hindwings dark fuscous; cilia fuscous, apically pale.

## Distribution

M. memotuina is endemic to New Zealand. This species has been observed in and around Dunedin.

## Behaviour

Adults of this species have been collected just before the sun rises. Adults are on the wing in November and December.
# Jevgēņijs Saproņenko

Jevgēņijs Saproņenko (born 11 November 1978) is a Latvian gymnast.
His best discipline is vault where he has won silver medals in 1999 and 2001 World Championships and 2004 Summer Olympics. He has also shown good results in floor exercise.
# WB Games New York

WB Games New York (formerly Agora Games, Inc.), is a video game development company based in Troy, New York that works with game developers to build online features and web-based communities for video games. The company was founded by Michael DelPrete as Agora Studios Inc. and grew out of an RPI project. Their software game-play statistics for games including Call of Duty: World at War, Guitar Hero, and numerous other franchises.
Major League Gaming acquired Agora Games on August 18, 2009. The studio was later sold to become a development studio within Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment (now Warner Bros. Games) in 2017, expanding its team, also rebranding to WB Games New York within the following year.
# Edeltraud Schramm

Edeltraud Schramm (16 December 1923 – 1 October 2002) was an Austrian gymnast. She competed at the 1948 Summer Olympics and the 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Mucheettukalikkarante Makal

Mucheettukalikkarante Makal (The Card Sharper's Daughter) is a novel by Vaikom Muhammad Basheer published in 1951. Written in the colloquial tongue and filled with exceptional humour, the novel remains a best seller in Malayalam literature.

## Plot summary

Ottakkannan Pokker barely ekes out a living as a card sharper. His daughter Zainaba runs a small tea shop in the market place. She falls in love with Mandan Muthappa. Pokker objects this relationship because he hoped for a better son-in-law. The story develops with love between Zainaba and Mandan Muthappa and ends with how Mandan Muthappa defeated Ottakkannan Pokker in the card game.
# Rusudan Sikharulidze

Rusudan Sikharulidze is a former artistic gymnast from Georgia, representing the Soviet Union in international competition. She won the bronze medal on floor exercise at the 1974 World Championships.
# Martin Šrot

Martin Šrot (born 10 August 1938) is a Slovenian gymnast. He competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics and the 1968 Summer Olympics.