OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bast fibre

Bast fibre (also called phloem fibre or skin fibre) is plant fibre collected from the phloem (the "inner bark", sometimes called "skin") or bast surrounding the stem of certain dicotyledonous plants. Some of the economically important bast fibres are obtained from herbs cultivated in agriculture, for instance flax, hemp, or ramie, but bast fibres from wild plants, such as stinging nettle, and trees such as lime or linden, willow, oak, wisteria, and mulberry have also been used. Bast fibres are soft and flexible, as opposed to leaf fibres from monocotyledonous plants, which are hard and stiff.
Since the valuable fibres are located in the phloem, they must often be separated from the woody core, the xylem, and sometimes also from the epidermis. The process for this is retting, and can be performed by micro-organisms either on land (nowadays the most important) or in water, or by chemicals (for instance high pH and chelating agents), or by pectinolytic enzymes. In the phloem, bast fibres occur in bundles that are glued together by pectin and calcium ions. More intense retting separates the fibre bundles into elementary fibres, which can be several centimetres long. Often bast fibres have higher tensile strength than other kinds, and are used in high-quality textiles (sometimes in blends with cotton or synthetic fibres), ropes, yarn, paper, composite materials and burlap. An important property of bast fibres is that they contain a special structure, the fibre node, that represents a weak point, and gives flexibility. Seed hairs, such as cotton, do not have nodes.

## Etymology

The term "bast" derives from Old English bæst ("inner bark of trees from which ropes were made"), from Proto-Germanic *bastaz ("bast, rope"). It may have the same root as Latin fascis ("bundle") and Middle Irish basc ("necklace").

## Use of bast fibre

Plants that have been used for bast fibre include flax (from which linen is made), hemp, jute, kenaf, kudzu, linden, milkweed, nettle, okra, paper mulberry, ramie, and roselle hemp.
Bast fiber from oak trees forms the oldest preserved woven fabrics in the world. It was unearthed at the archeological site at Çatalhöyük in Turkey and dates to 8000-9000 years ago.
Bast fibres are processed for use in carpet, yarn, rope, geotextile (netting or matting), traditional carpets, hessian or burlap, paper, sacks, etc. Bast fibres are also used in the non-woven, moulding, and composite technology industries for the manufacturing of non-woven mats and carpets, composite boards as furniture materials, automobile door panels and headliners, etc. From prehistoric times through at least the early 20th century, bast shoes were woven from bast strips in the forest areas of Eastern Europe.
Where no other source of tanbark was available, bast has also been used for tanning leather.
# Marianne Badrichani

Marianne Badrichani (Brault-Badrichani) is a Franco-British theatre maker, director, dramatist, producer and acting coach. She is based in London.

## Career

With a background in film production in Paris, she trained at the Royal Central School of Speech and Drama and began directing plays and immersive performances in London in 2000. She has worked with Katie Mitchell, the Young Vic, the National Theatre, Theatre503 and in the West End.
She is a member of the Cross Channel Theatre Group, an initiative launched by the Institut Francais du Royaume-Uni which promotes French new writing in the UK - she was also their resident artist between 2014 and 2016. In 2012, she directed shows in China, where she took Cravate Club/Members Only by Fabrice Roger-Lacan then Trois Ruptures/Three Splits in May 2015 after a run at the Coronet Theatre.
She has worked on a trilogy of new adaptations staging French playwrights discussing their work with the characters of their plays (Ionesco/Dinner at the Smiths) or with their muses (Sacha Guitry, Ma Fille et Moi). After a run in London in 2018, Sacha Guitry, Ma Fille et Moi returned to the Playground Theatre (Notting Hill, London) in January 2019. In 2022 her production Je t'aime moi non plus/Texts by Moliere was staged in London, in Edinburgh at the French Institute for Scotland, and in Paris at the Théâtre Montparnasse.
She is an associate artist at Elephant and Castle's BOLD Theatre founded by Sarah Davey-Hull since 2020. She co-directed The Foreigners' Panto at Bold with Shani Erez and Sarah Goddard in October 2023. Her next project is French Toast adapted from a play by Jean Poiret at Riverside Studios in October 2024.

## Productions
### As director

Je t'aime moi non plus/Texts by Molière at Institut français du Royaume-Uni and Chelsea Theatre, Sacha Guitry, Ma Fille et Moi, Trois Ruptures/Three Splits by Rémi De Vos with Chris Campbell and Edith Vernes (Print Room, Chelsea Theatre and the Nine Theatre in Beijing), Members Only with Robert Bathurst and Nicholas Tennant (Trafalgar Studios and Oriental Palace in Beijing), The Little Black Book with Paul McGann and Susannah Harker and Three Women with Marcia Warren, Annie Firbank and Camilla Rutherford (both at Riverside Studios), The Match by Driss Ksikes at Gate Theatre for Nour Festival, Paris Calling New Writing (Royal National Theatre).

### As translator or writer

The Season in the Congo for Joe Wright and the Young Vic, Dr Seuss' The Cat in the Hat for Katie Mitchell, Interiors for Vanishing Point (both at Theatre de la Ville, Paris).

## Other work

She also teaches drama, run workshops about new writing, and is a member of the audition panel at the Royal Central School of Speech and Drama, London City University, Westminster School and Lamda.
# Erling Landsværk

Erling Landsværk (born 19 January 1962) is a sailor from Bærum, Norway, who represented his country at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain as crew member in the Soling. With helmsman Rune Jacobsen and fellow crew member Thom Haaland they took the 10th place.
# Sandra Boëlle

Sandra Boëlle (née Sandrine Bachy; born 26 May 1961) is a French politician from The Republicans. She has represented Paris's 14th constituency as an MP between 2020 and 2022.

## Early life

Boëlle was born in Neuilly-sur-Seine.

## Career

Boëlle was the substitute for long term MP Claude Goasguen at the 2017 legislative election. When Goasguen died from a heart attack after contracting COVID-19, Boëlle took his place on the National Assembly.
# Rose (Brachtpe)

Rose is a river which flows through North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is 8.1 km (5.0 mi) long and is a left tributary of the river Brachtpe.
# Leksdalsvatnet

Leksdalsvatnet is a lake in Trøndelag county, Norway that lies in Steinkjer Municipality and Verdal Municipality. It is located south of the town of Steinkjer and northeast of the town of Verdalsøra, about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) east of the Trondheimsfjord. The 21.73-square-kilometre (8.39 sq mi) lake sits at an elevation of 70 metres (230 ft) above sea level. It is drained by Figgja.
The villages of Forbregd and Lein lie at the southern end of the lake and Leksdalen is on the eastern side of the lake (all in Verdal Municipality). The village of Sem (in Steinkjer Municipality) lies at the northern end of the lake.
# USS LST-957

USS LST-957 was an LST-542-class tank landing ship in the United States Navy. Like many of her class, she was not named and is properly referred to by her hull designation.

## Construction

LST-957 was laid down on 30 September 1944, at Hingham, Massachusetts, by the Bethlehem-Hingham Shipyard; launched on 30 October 1944; and commissioned on 20 November 1944.

## Service history

During World War II, LST-957 was assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific theater and participated in the assault and occupation of Okinawa Gunto in April and May 1945.
Following the war, she performed occupation duty in the Far East until early October 1945. The ship was decommissioned on 20 May 1946, and sold to Bosey, Philippines, on 5 December 1947. She was struck from the Navy list on 22 January 1948.

## Awards

LST-957 earned one battle star for World War II service.
# Geographical centre of Norway

The geographical centre of Norway has been identified as a spot in the mountains at the southeastern end of the Ogndalen valley in the southeastern part of Steinkjer Municipality in Trøndelag county, located at 63°59′26″N 12°18′28″E﻿ / ﻿63.99056°N 12.30778°E﻿ / 63.99056; 12.30778. A monument marking the significance of the spot was unveiled in a ceremony on 3 September 2006, with the hope that it would become a tourist attraction. The site lies just to the west of the large lake Skjækervatnet.

## Method of calculation

Harald Stavestrand at the Norwegian Mapping and Cadastre Authority looked for the balancing point of mainland Norway with its islands, not including sea area, the overseas areas of Svalbard and Jan Mayen, or considering elevation. Stavestrand had feared that the centre would turn out to be in Sweden due to the curved shape of Norway, but it ultimately ended up within the borders of Norway.

## Other locations

Several other places have been claimed to be the centre of Norway, using differing methods. They include:
* Harran in Grong Municipality (halving the mainland's latitude "length")
* the village of Vilhelmina in Vilhelmina Municipality in Sweden (halving the great-circle distance)
* Grane Church in Grane Municipality (found by halving longer great circle distances)
* Alstahaug Church in Alstahaug Municipality (found by halving longer great circle distances)
* Mosjøen in Vefsn Municipality (midpoint along the road from Lindesnes at the southern tip of Norway to the North Cape at the northern tip of Norway)
# Buena Nueva Cove

Buena Nueva Cove is a small open cove, 900 m wide and indenting for 200 m the northwest coast of False Bay, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica southeast of MacGregor Peaks and east of Castro Peak on Hurd Peninsula. The area was visited by early 19th century sealers.
The feature is named after the ship Buena Nueva in which the Spanish navigator Gabriel de Castilla made his voyage south of Drake Passage in 1603.

## Location

The cove's midpoint is located at 62°42′16.2″S 60°23′10.5″W﻿ / ﻿62.704500°S 60.386250°W﻿ / -62.704500; -60.386250 which is 3.03 km northeast of Miers Bluff and 2.9 km west-northwest of Ogosta Point, Rozhen Peninsula (British mapping in and 1968, detailed Spanish mapping in 1991, and Bulgarian mapping in 2005 and 2009).

## Maps

* Isla Livingston: Península Hurd. Mapa topográfico de escala 1:25000. Madrid: Servicio Geográfico del Ejército, 1991. (Map reproduced on p. 16 of the linked work)
* L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
* L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009. ISBN 978-954-92032-6-4
* Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated.
* L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Smith Island. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2017. ISBN 978-619-90008-3-0
# Brunch (TV program)

Brunch was a New Zealand morning television program. It aired on Choice TV. It was hosted by April Ieremia and Josh Kronfeld. It was filmed in the Avalon Studios in Wellington NZ.
The program finished its only season for 2012 on 21 December 2012; it was announced on the Choice TV Facebook page by a viewer that the program was not getting renewed for a 2013 season.

## Background

This show covered a lot of general audience and is targeted at an older generation. The show included home renovation, entertainment, music, and do-it-yourself segments.
# Sedeh Lenjan

Sedeh Lenjan (Persian: سده لنجان) is a city in the Central District of Lenjan County, Isfahan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 17,335 in 4,167 households. The following census in 2011 counted 18,654 people in 5,149 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 19,101 people in 5,665 households.
# Sherburne Wesley Burnham

Sherburne Wesley Burnham (December 12, 1838 – March 11, 1921) was an American astronomer.
For more than 50 years Burnham spent all his free time observing the heavens, mainly concerning himself with binary stars.

## Biography

Sherburne Wesley Burnham was born in Thetford, Vermont. His parents were Roswell O. Burnham and Marinda (née Foote) Burnham.
He graduated from the academy in Thetford, and that was the extent of his schooling. He taught himself shorthand, and by 1858 was in New York City.
Burnham was a reporter for the Union Army in New Orleans during the Civil War. While in New Orleans, he bought a copy of a popular book Geography of the Heavens, which piqued his interest in astronomy.
After the war, he moved to Chicago and worked as a court reporter for over 20 years. At night Burnham was an amateur astronomer, except for four years (1888–1892) he worked as a professional astronomer at Lick Observatory. He left court reporting in 1902, but remained in Chicago. From 1897–1914 he was an astronomer at Yerkes Observatory.

## Double star discoveries

During the 1840s it was believed that essentially all the binary stars visible to the instruments then available had been found. Friedrich Struve (catalog abbr. Σ) and his son Otto Struve (catalog abbr. σ) had catalogued a good number of binary stars working at the Dorpat and Pulkovo observatories, using 23 cm and 38 cm telescopes.
From 1872–1877, with his small 15 cm (5.9 in) telescope, Burnham found 451 new double stars, with the help of a European astronomer, baron Dembowski, who measured exact positions and separations of Burnham’s newly discovered binaries.
In 1873–1874, he produced a catalog of double stars. He became a fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society. He continued to identify double stars, and later published the General Catalogue of 1,290 Double Stars. In 1906, he published the Burnham Double Star Catalogue, containing 13,665 pairs of stars.
The quality of Burnham's work opened the doors of observatories for him and he had access to more powerful instruments at Lick, Yerkes, and other observatories. He is credited with having discovered 1,340 binary stars.
Burnham discovered the first example of, what would be called a half century later, a Herbig–Haro object, called Burnham's Nebula (now labeled as HH 255).

## Honors

He received the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1894. The French Academy of Sciences awarded him the Lalande Prize for 1904.
The lunar crater Burnham and asteroid 834 Burnhamia were named in his honour.
# How to Melt the Ice Queen's Heart

How to Melt the Ice Queen's Heart (Japanese: 氷の令嬢の溶かし方, Hepburn: Kōri no Reijō no Tokashi Kata) is a Japanese romantic comedy light novel series written by Kakeru Takamine and illustrated by Ichigo Kagawa. The series was published by Futabasha under the Monster Bunko label in Japanese language and Tentai Books in English language. The first volume was released on September 30, 2020 in Japanese and currently has 2 volumes. Tentai Books released the digital version of first volume on July 26, 2021 in English language. In early April, Futabasha decided to discontinue the light novel series after the second volume because it didn't sell well in Japan. A manga adaptation illustrated by Tokomichi began serialization on Futabasha's Gaugau Monster manga website on January 16, 2022.

## Characters

* Kagami Asahi
* Fuyuka Himuro
* Chiaki Kikkawa
* Hinami Aiba

## Volumes

| No. | Original release date | Original ISBN | English release date | English ISBN |
| 1 | September 30, 2020 | 978-4-575-75275-5 | July 26, 2021 | 978-8-412-35466-9 |
| 2 | March 29, 2021 | 978-4-575-75287-8 | March 3, 2023 | — |
# List of counties of Prince Edward Island

The Canadian province of Prince Edward Island has three counties that have historically been used as administrative divisions for the provincial government, and prior to Confederation (in 1873), the colonial government.
The current system of land division in Prince Edward Island, including its three counties, dates to a series of surveys undertaken in 1764-65 by Captain Samuel Holland of the British Army's Corps of Royal Engineers. Holland's survey saw the island divided into the three counties, each of which had a "royalty" (or shire town) as a county seat. The rest of the county outside the royalty was sub-divided into parishes for the Church of England, measuring approximately 60,000 acres (240 km$^2$); the parishes were further sub-divided into townships measuring approximately 20,000 acres (81 km$^2$).
The counties are no longer used as administrative boundaries for the provincial government; however, they continue to be used as census divisions by Statistics Canada for statistical purposes in administering the Canadian census.
| County | County seat (current) | County seat (historical) | Established | Population (2016) | Population (2011) | Change | Land area (km$^2$) | Population density (per km$^2$) | Map |
| Kings | Georgetown | Kings Royalty | 1765 | 17,160 | 17,990 | −4.6% | 1,686.34 | 10.2 | |
| Queens | Charlottetown | Queens Royalty | 1765 | 82,017 | 77,866 | +5.3% | 2,020.48 | 40.6 | |
| Prince | Summerside | Prince Royalty | 1765 | 43,730 | 44,348 | −1.4% | 1,979.21 | 22.1 | |
| Total counties | — | — | — | 142,907 | 140,204 | +1.9% | 5,686.03 | 25.1 | — |
# Spartocera fusca

Spartocera fusca is a species of leaf-footed bug in the family Coreidae. It is found in the Caribbean Sea, Central America, North America, and South America.
# List of German chicken breeds

This is a list of chicken breeds usually considered to be of German origin. Some may have complex or obscure histories, so inclusion here does not necessarily imply that a breed is predominantly or exclusively from Germany.
| Name in German | English name if used | Notes |
| Annaberger Haubenstrupphuhn [de] | | |
| Augsburger | | standard and bantam |
| Bergische Kräher | | standard and bantam |
| Bergische Schlotterkamm | | standard and bantam |
| Bielefelder Kennhuhn | | standard and bantam |
| Deutscher Sperber [de] | | standard and bantam |
| Deutsches Lachshuhn [de] | | standard and bantam |
| Deutsches Langschan | German Langshan | standard and bantam |
| Deutsches Reichshuhn [de] | | standard and bantam |
| Deutscher Sperber [de] | | standard and bantam |
| Deutsches Zwerghuhn [de] | | true bantam |
| Dresdner [de] | | standard and bantam |
| Frankfurter Zwerghuhn | | bantam |
| Hamburger | Hamburg or Hamburgh | standard and bantam |
| Italiener [de] | German Leghorn | standard and bantam with single or rose comb |
| Kaulhuhn [de] | | standard and bantam |
| Kraienkopp | | standard and bantam |
| Krüper | | standard and bantam |
| Lakenfelder Huhn | Lakenvelder | standard and bantam |
| Niederrheiner | | standard and bantam |
| Ostfriesische Möwe | | standard and bantam |
| Pfälzer Kämpfer [de] | | |
| Phönix | Phoenix | standard and bantam |
| Ramelsloher | | |
| Rheinländer | | standard and bantam |
| Ruhlaer Zwerg-Kaulhuhn | | bantam |
| Sachsenhuhn | | standard and bantam |
| Strupphuhn | Frizzle | standard and bantam |
| Sundheimer [de] | | standard and bantam |
| Thüringer Barthuhn | | standard and bantam |
| Vogtländer | | |
| Vorwerkhuhn | Vorwerk | standard and bantam |
| Westfälische Totleger | | |
| Winsener Masthuhn [de] | | |
| Yokohama | Yokohama | standard and bantam |
# Pela

Pela may refer to:
* Pela (band), an American indie rock band
* Péla, a town and sub-prefecture in Guinea
* Péla (dish), a French dish
* Chinese wax, also known as pela
* Pela language, a language of southern China
* Mike Pela, British music producer
* Niccolò di Piero Lamberti (ca. 1370 – 1451), also known as il Pela, Italian sculptor and architect
* Pela, a playable character in Honkai: Star Rail
* PELA an abbreviation for Pelabresib
# Cyclotelus

Cyclotelus is a genus of stiletto flies in the family Therevidae. There are more than 20 described species in Cyclotelus.

## Species

These 29 species belong to the genus Cyclotelus:
* Cyclotelus achaetus (Malloch, 1932)
* Cyclotelus badicrusus Irwin & Webb, 1992
* Cyclotelus beckeri (Krober, 1911)
* Cyclotelus bellus (Cole, 1923)
* Cyclotelus brazilianus (Cole, 1960)
* Cyclotelus colei Irwin & Lyneborg, 1981
* Cyclotelus crassicornis Bellardi
* Cyclotelus diversipes (Krober, 1911)
* Cyclotelus extinctus (Walker, 1854)
* Cyclotelus fascipennis (Macquart, 1846)
* Cyclotelus femorata Krober, 1911
* Cyclotelus flavipes (Krober, 1928)
* Cyclotelus fulvipennis (Krober, 1928)
* Cyclotelus hardyi (Cole, 1960)
* Cyclotelus kroeberi (Cole, 1960)
* Cyclotelus laetus Walker, 1850
* Cyclotelus longicornis Krober, 1911
* Cyclotelus nigrifrons (Krober, 1914)
* Cyclotelus nigroflamma Walker, 1850
* Cyclotelus pictipennis (Wiedemann, 1821)
* Cyclotelus polita (Krober, 1911)
* Cyclotelus pruinosus Walker, 1850
* Cyclotelus ruficornis (Macquart, 1840)
* Cyclotelus rufiventris (Loew, 1869)
* Cyclotelus scutellaris (Walker, 1857)
* Cyclotelus silacrusus Irwin & Webb, 1992
* Cyclotelus socius Walker, 1850
* Cyclotelus sumichrasti (Bellardi, 1861)
* Cyclotelus vetusta Walker
# Mayfadoun

Mayfadoun (Arabic: ميفدون) is a municipality in Nabatieh District in southern Lebanon.

## History

In the 1596 tax records, it was named as a village, Mayfadun, in the Ottoman nahiya (subdistrict) of Sagif under the liwa' (district) of Safad, with a population of 11 households, all Muslim. The villagers paid a fixed tax-rate of 25 % on agricultural products, such as wheat, barley and olive trees; a total of 5,269 akçe.
On 6 August 2024, four people, all of them Hezbollah fighters, were killed in an Israeli airstrike in the village.

## Demographics

In 2014 Muslims made up 98.79% of registered voters in Mayfadoun. 97.13% of the voters were Shiite Muslims.
# Bittacus strigosus

Bittacus strigosus, the striped scorpionfly, is a species of hangingfly in the family Bittacidae, living in North America.
# Agonum variolatum

Agonum variolatum is a species of beetle from family Carabidae that is endemic to the US state of California.
# Asteromyia euthamiae

Asteromyia euthamiae is a species of gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae. It was described as a new species in 1968 by the entomologist Raymond Gagné. It is widely distributed in northern North America, where it causes galls on Euthamia plants, including Euthamia caroliniana, Euthamia graminifolia, and Euthamia leptocephala. The galls are typically 3–10 mm in length and vary in shape depending on the leaf width. They can be rounded, elliptical, or elongate-elliptical in appearance. The galls are usually black, but may have a distinctive narrow margin in shades of yellow, white, or purple.
# John Prescott (disambiguation)

John Prescott (1938–2024) was a British politician who served as Deputy Prime Minister from 1997 to 2007.
John Prescott may also refer to:
* John Prescott (died 1412) (1327–1412), English MP for Exeter, Totnes and Devon
* John B. Prescott (born 1940), Australian CEO of BHP
* John Robert Victor Prescott (1931–2018), Australian geographer
* Jack Prescott (c.1880–1959), American silent film actor and director
* Jack Prescott (rugby league) (1890–1989), English rugby league footballer who played in the 1900s, 1910s and 1920s
* Johnny Prescott (1938–2012), English boxer of the 1960s and 1970s
# Proba distanti

Proba distanti is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It is found in Central America and North America.