OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vahe M. Hakobyan

Vahe Maximi Hakobyan (Armenian: Վահե Մաքսիմի Հակոբյան, born May 18, 1977) is an Armenian politician and businessman who formerly served as governor of Syunik Province (2013-2014) and as a member of the National Assembly of Armenia. He is a member of the Republican Party of Armenia and serves on the party council. While in parliament, he was a member of the Standing Committee on Financial-Credit, Budgetary and Economic Affairs. He was not a member of any parliamentary faction or deputy group.
He was born in Kajaran, Armenia. From 1994 to 1999, he studied at the Institute of National Economy, specializing in economics. In 1999, he was admitted to the post-graduate course at the Institute of Economic Research of the Ministry of Finance and Economy at RA. In 1999, he was the chairman of the board of the company AVSAP, Ltd. From 2000 to 2002, he worked as the Head of the Monitoring unit of the Monitoring and Audit Department of the Ministry of State Property Management of Armenia. In 2003 he defended a scientific thesis and received the degree of Candidate of Sciences in Economics. From 2003 to 2004 he worked as the executive director of Zangezur Mining Company.
He was elected to the National Assembly of Armenia in 2004, 2007, and 2012.
# Ōno Castle (Echizen Province)

Ōno Castle (大野城, Ōno-jō) was a Japanese castle located in the city of Ōno, Fukui Prefecture, in the Hokuriku region of Japan. Built in the Sengoku period, it was occupied by a succession of daimyō of Ōno Domain under the Edo period Tokugawa shogunate.

## Background

Ōno Castle is located in northeastern Echizen Province on the main highway connecting Echizen with Mino Province. The castle is sited on the ridgeline of Kameyama Hill, extending east-to-west for approximately 300 meters. The inner bailey is located at the peak of the hill and is reinforced by stone ramparts made of mostly unmodified natural boulders. Secondary enclosures were located at lower levels and were also protected by water moats.

## History

During the early Sengoku period, the area around Ōno was under the control of the Asakura clan; however Ōno was also a major stronghold of the Ikkō-ikki movement. After both the Asakura and the Ikkō-ikki were destroyed by Oda Nobunaga in 1575, he assigned the area to his general Kanamori Nagachika under the regional control of Shibata Katsuie. Kanamori began the construction of Ōno Castle using the latest contemporary designs, and the castle was completed by 1580.
Kanamori was subsequently promoted to governor of Hida Province in 1586, and the area was assigned to Aoki Kazunori followed by Oda Hidekatsu by Toyotomi Hideyoshi. After the Battle of Sekigahara, the entire province of Echizen was assigned by Tokugawa Ieyasu to his second son, Yūki Hideyasu in 1601 as Fukui Domain. In 1624, Fukui Domain was divided, with Yūki Hideyasu's third son, Matsudaira Naomasa being awarded a 55,000 koku fief centered at Ōno. This became Ōno Domain. Naomasa was transferred to Matsumoto Domain in 1633 and was replaced by his younger brother Matsudaira Naomoto in 1635. Naomoto was then transferred to Yamagata Domain in 1644, and was replaced by his younger brother, Matsudaira Naoyoshi. Naoyoshi's son Matsudaira Naoakira was in turn transferred to Himeji Domain in 1682.
The domain was then assigned to a cadet branch of the Doi clan under Doi Toshifusa. The Doi clan would rule Ōno for the next eight generations until the Meiji restoration. The castle burned down in 1775, but with the exception of the donjon was reconstructed by 1795. Throughout its history, Ōno suffered from severe financial problems; however, Doi Toshitada (1811–1869) implemented substantial reforms and introduced rangaku and western technology. Although a small domain, Ōno was noted in the Bakumatsu period for its westernised army and its han school.
Following the Meiji restoration, the castle was pulled down, with the exception of a couple of gates which were given to nearby Buddhist temples, and the area was used for government buildings.

## Current situation

Some remnants of the original stone ramparts remain, and parts of the old jōkamachi with traditional samurai houses and merchant houses remain. In 1968, a faux-donjon was built for use as a local history museum. The castle was listed as one of the Continued Top 100 Japanese Castles in 2017.
# Lucerne Peak

Lucerne Peak is located on the border of Alberta and British Columbia; on the continental divide, and is one of the peaks of Yellowhead Mountain. It was named by Arthur O. Wheeler after the railway town located at the mountain's base.
When the Canadian Northern Pacific Railway reached Yellowhead Lake in 1913, it named the station there after Lucerne, Switzerland. A small town developed. For a time it had a population approaching three hundred and rivaled Jasper. In 1924 the "railway divisional point" moved from Lucerne to Jasper and many of the residents relocated to Jasper. Lucerne's railway station was demolished after the Second World War.

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Lucerne Peak is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Winter temperatures can drop below -20 °C with wind chill factors below -30 °C.

## Gallery

* Lucerne Peak
# Matsudaira Yoshikuni (Fukui)

Matsudaira Yoshikuni (松平 吉邦, 2 March 1681 – 20 January 1722) was a mid-Edo period Japanese samurai, and the 8th daimyō of Fukui Domain He was famed as a lover of sumo.

## Biography

Yoshikuni was born in Edo in 1681 as the sixth son of Matsudaira Masakatsu of Echizen-Matsuoka Domain and his mother was a concubine. His name in infancy was Katsuchiyo (勝千代), later becoming Matsudaira Masanao (昌尚). In 1701, when his uncle Matsudaira Masachika selected him has heir to Fukui Domain, he took the name of Matsudaira Masakuni (昌邦), and after his adoptive father Masachika was granted a formal audience by Shōgun Tokugawa Ietsuna and had his name changed to Yoshinori, he followed suit, becoming Matsudaira Yoshikuni. At that time, he was granted Senior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade Court rank and the courtesy title of Ōi-no-kami
He became daimyō in 1710 on his father's retirement. In 1714, he was granted the courtesy title of Sakon'e-gon-shōjō.
In his tenure, he attempted to rebuild the domain's finances, and stressed public works projects in emulation of Tokugawa Yoshimune, whom he greatly admired. He dismissed a number of incompetent officials and corrupt magistrates, including the domain's Kanjō-bugyō, and proved to be a popular ruler. In return, Tokugawa Yoshimune ordered that all of the tenryō territory in Echizen be administered by Fukui Domain. This effectively added 100,000 koku to the domain's kokudaka. He also completed a comprehensive historical survey of Echizen Province, listing 330 ruins of castles and fortified manors.
In 1714, he invited military strategist Daidōji Yūzan to Fukui Domain. He died in 1722, without male heir and was succeeded by his brother Matsudaira Munemasa. His graves are at the temple of Unshō-ji in Fukui, and the clan temple of Kaian-ji in Shinagawa, Tokyo.

## Family

* Father: Matsudaira Masakatsu (1636–1693)
* Mother: Akiyama-dono
* Adoptive father: Matsudaira Yoshinori
* Wife: daughter of kuge Hino Yoshikuni
* Concubine: Itsuji-dono
* Daughter: Katsuhime, married Matsudaira Munenori
# List of NATO reporting names for bomber aircraft

This is a list of NATO reporting name/ASCC names for bombers, with Soviet Union and Chinese designations. Bombers had names starting with the letter "B"; single-syllable words denoted propeller driven aircraft (piston and turboprop engines), while two syllable words were used for jets. Three syllable words are for propfans.
| Aircraft | NATO reporting name |
| Douglas A-20 Havoc | Box |
| Ilyushin Il-2 | Bark |
| Ilyushin Il-4 | Bob |
| Ilyushin Il-10 | Beast |
| Ilyushin Il-28 | Beagle |
| Ilyushin Il-40 | Brawny |
| Ilyushin Il-54 | Blowlamp |
| Myasishchev M-4 | Bison |
| Myasishchev M-50 | Bounder |
| North American B-25 Mitchell | Bank |
| Petlyakov Pe-2 | Buck |
| Tupolev Tu-2 | Bat |
| Tupolev Tu-4 | Bull |
| Tupolev Tu-14 | Bosun |
| Tupolev Tu-16, Xian H-6 | Badger |
| Tupolev Tu-22 | Blinder |
| Tupolev Tu-22M | Backfire |
| Tupolev Tu-82 | Butcher |
| Tupolev Tu-85 | Barge |
| Tupolev Tu-91 | Boot |
| Tupolev Tu-95 | Bear A/B/C/D |
| Tupolev Tu-98 | Backfin |
| Tupolev Tu-160 | Blackjack |
| Yakovlev Yak-28 | Brassard |
| Yakovlev Yak-28B | Brewer |
# The Greens–The Ecologist Alternative

The Greens–The Ecologist Alternative (Catalan: Els Verds–L'Alternativa Ecologista, EV–AE) is a political party based in Catalonia, founded in 1989 as The Greens–Green Union. In 1993 it joined The Greens–Ecologist Confederation of Catalonia, only to split from it in 1995. Until 2006 it would be mostly known as Ecologist Alternative of Catalonia.
# Celina Villanueva

Celina Villanueva is a Democratic member of the Illinois Senate representing the 12th district. She previously served in the Illinois House of Representatives for the 21st district from her appointment in July 2018 to her appointment to the Illinois Senate on January 7, 2020.

## Early life and career

Villanueva worked as a youth engagement manager at the Illinois Coalition for Immigrant and Refugee Rights. She is an alumna of the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign where she earned a B.A in Latina/Latino Studies with minors in African-American Studies and Spanish. She was a speaker at the 2018 Women's March in Chicago. She is considered a political ally of Cook County Commissioner Chuy García for whom she worked as an outreach director.
Villanueva was appointed to the Illinois House of Representatives on July 24, 2018, to replace Silvana Tabares, who in turn had been appointed to fill a vacancy as alderman of Chicago's 23rd Ward. The appointment was conducted by a panel of local Democratic leaders chaired by Senator Steven Landek, the Committeeman from Lyons Township. Villanueva was one of five candidates, who included: Carlos Aparicio, Chief of Staff for Cook County Commissioner Jeff Tobolski; John Chojnacki, law enforcement instructor at Calumet College of St. Joseph; Sergio Rodriguez, Mayor of Summit; and Myra Ortiz, Village Trustee in Summit.

## Political career

Villanueva was sworn into the Illinois House of Representatives on July 24, 2018, immediately after her appointment to fill a vacancy. That vacancy arose when sitting Rep. Silvana Tabares was appointed to fill a Chicago City Council vacancy caused by the resignation of Ald. Michael Zalewski. Villanueva won re-election unopposed in the November 2018 election.
During her first term, Villanueva was a leader in pushing for a bill that limit how much public agencies in Illinois could cooperate with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement.
In November 2019, Villaneuva launched a campaign to replace resigning Illinois State Senator Martin Sandoval. On January 7, 2020, Villaneuva was appointed to become state senator of the 11th district, after Sandoval's resignation amid a corruption probe.
As of July 2022, Senator Villanueva was a member of the following Illinois Senate committees:
* Appropriations - Higher Education Committee (SAPP-SAHE)
* Appropriations - Human Services Committee (SAPP-SAHS)
* Higher Education Committee (SCHE)
* (Chairwoman of) Human Rights Committee (SHUM)
* Labor Committee (SLAB)
* (Co-chairwoman of) Labor - Special Issues Committee (SLAB-SLSI)
* Public Safety Committee (SPUB)
* Redistricting - Chicago South Committee (SRED-SRCS)
* Transportation Committee (STRN)

## Personal life

Villanueva is a resident of Little Village.

## Electoral history

Illinois 21st State House District General Election, 2018 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Celina Villanueva (incumbent) | 15,344 | 100.0 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 15,344 | 100.0 |
# Tuaitengphai

Tuaitengphai is a village in the Churachandpur district of Manipur, India. It has a total population of 310 people, out of which male population is 157 while female population is 153.
# USS Pipestone

USS Pipestone (AK-203) was an Alamosa-class cargo ship that was constructed for the US Navy during the closing period of World War II. By the time she was scheduled for commissioning, the war’s end caused her to be declared “excess to needs” and she was returned to the US Government and struck by the Navy.

## Construction

Pipestone was laid down under US Maritime Commission (MARCOM) contract, MC hull 2157, by Globe Shipbuilding Co., Superior, Wisconsin. She was transferred to the Navy in April 1945. Pipestone was scheduled for commissioning. However, because of the Allied victory in the Pacific Ocean theatre of operations, her commissioning was delayed.

## Merchant service

Pipestone was ordered returned to MARCOM for disposal. Her name subsequently reverted to Coastal Explorer.
Coastal Explorer was used by a couple of shipping companies from 1945–1946, before being sold to the government of the Republic of Peru for $693,862.
On 20 February 1947, she was sold to the Peru. She was operated by Corperacion Peruana e Vapores, Callao, Peru, and renamed Putumayo. In 1968 she was sold to Naviera Panamar S.A., also of Callao, and renamed Felipe.
She was eventually sold to Gold Shipping S.A., Panama, and finally sold for scrapping to Spanish ship breakers in 1974.
# Beth Stetson

Beth Stetson is an American economist. She is currently the Charles C. and Virginia Ann Weddle Professor of Accounting at the University of Oklahoma.
# Giant resonance

In nuclear physics, giant resonance is a high-frequency collective excitation of atomic nuclei, as a property of many-body quantum systems. In the macroscopic interpretation of such an excitation in terms of an oscillation, the most prominent giant resonance is a collective oscillation of all protons against all neutrons in a nucleus.
In 1947, G. C. Baldwin and G. S. Klaiber observed the giant dipole resonance (GDR) in photonuclear reactions, and in 1972 the giant quadrupole resonance (GQR) was discovered, and in 1977 the giant monopole resonance (GMR) was discovered in medium and heavy nuclei.

## Giant dipole resonance

Giant dipole resonances may result in a number of de-excitation events, such as nuclear fission, emission of neutrons or gamma rays, or combinations of these.
Giant dipole resonances can be caused by any mechanism that imparts enough energy to the nucleus. Classical causes are irradiation with gamma rays at energies from 7 to 40 MeV, which couple to nuclei and either cause or increase the dipole moment of the nucleus by adding energy that separates charges in the nucleus. The process is the inverse of gamma decay, but the energies involved are typically much larger, and the dipole moments induced are larger than occur in the excited nuclear states that cause the average gamma decay.
High energy electrons of >50 MeV may cause the same phenomenon, by coupling to the nucleus via a "virtual gamma photon", in a nuclear reaction that is the inverse (i.e., reverse) of internal conversion decay.
# Nils Valla

Nils Agnar Valla (born 1 March 1936) was a Norwegian agrarian leader and politician for the Centre Party.
He hails from and resides in Bjerka in Hemnes Municipality. He was born in Korgen, and is a brother of Gerd-Liv Valla. He was an able track and field athlete in his youth, among others achieving 56.1 seconds in the 400 metres hurdles and 43.70 metres (143.4 ft) in the discus throw. He and his sister represented the club Mo IL.
He was a farmer from 1965 until retiring in 2000. He chaired the Norwegian Agrarian Association from 1980 to 1987, was the director of agricultural insurance in Gjensidige from 1987 to 1995 and served as mayor of Hemnes from 1995 to 1999. Internationally he was a board member of the International Federation of Agricultural Producers.
# Harmostes angustatus

Harmostes angustatus is a species of scentless plant bug in the family Rhopalidae. It is found in Central America and North America.
# Holtzapffel

The Holtzapffel dynasty of tool and lathe makers was founded in Long Acre, London by a Strasbourg-born turner, Jean-Jacques Holtzapffel, in 1794. The firm specialized in lathes for ornamental turning but also made a name for its high-quality edge and boring tools.

## Background

Moving to London from Alsace in 1792, Jean-Jacques worked initially in the workshop of the scientific-instrument maker Jesse Ramsden, anglicizing his name to John Jacob Holtzapffel. In 1794 he set up a tool-making partnership in Long Acre with Francis Rousset, trading under the name of John Holtzapffel. From 1804 he was in partnership with the Mannheim-born Johann Georg Deyerlein until the latter's death in 1826, trading under the name Holtzapffel & Deyerlein.

## Operations

Holtzapffel sold his first lathe in June 1795, for £25-4s-10d, an enormous price at the time. All of Holtzapffel's lathes were numbered and by the time he died in 1835, about 1,600 had been sold. The business was located at 64 Charing Cross, London from 1819 until 1901 when the site was required "for building purposes". The firm then moved to 13 and 14 New Bond Street, and was in premises in the Haymarket from 1907 to 1930.

## Maker's marks

The firm's marks come in a wide array of styles. Among the most noteworthy are the marks at the time of John Jacob Holtzapffel's partnership with Johann Georg Deyerlein, the marks showing the Charing Cross address and those showing the address in the Haymarket.

## The turning manuals

John's son, Charles Holtzapffel (1806–1847) joined the firm in 1827, at around which time the firm became known as Holtzapffel & Co. Charles continued to run the business after his father's death. He set about writing a treatise entitled Turning and Mechanical Manipulation, eventually running to some 2,750 pages, and which came to be regarded as the bible of ornamental turning. The first volume was published in 1843, but the final two volumes were completed and published after his death by his son, John Jacob Holtzapffel (1836–1897). There is some evidence to suggest that Francis Ronalds assisted Charles in the early stages of preparing the treatise. Typeset sections survive of an unfinished "Turner's Manual" that Ronalds wrote in 1837 and there is marked similarity in the two prefaces and elsewhere. Ronalds and Charles also collaborated on developing lathe accessories.

## Later years

When Charles Holtzapffel died in 1847 his wife Amelia ran the business until 1853. John Jacob II, the son of Charles and Amelia, was head of the firm from 1867 until 1896. A nephew of John Jacob II, George William Budd (1857–1924) became head of the firm in 1896. His son John George Holtzapffel Budd (1888–1968) later ran the business. By the early twentieth century, ornamental turning was going out of fashion, and the firm sold its last lathe in 1928.

## Awards at world's fairs

The cover of the Holtzapffel c. 1903 catalogue shows medals won at world's fairs and exhibitions in 1851 (3), 1862, 1884, 1885 (International Inventions Exhibition), 1887.
# Irina Demick

Irina Demick (16 October 1936 – 8 October 2004), sometimes credited as Irina Demich or Irina Demik, was a French actress who had a brief career in American films.

## Biography

Born Irina Dziemiach, of Russian ancestry, in Pommeuse, Seine-et-Marne, she went to Paris and became a model. She made an appearance in a French film Julie la rousse (1959) and met producer Darryl F. Zanuck and became his lover. Zanuck had a long history of trying to turn his European mistresses into film stars – he had previously done this with Bella Darvi and Juliette Gréco, and would later do this with Genevieve Gilles. Zanuck cast Demick in his epic production The Longest Day (1962) as a French resistance fighter.
Demick's career continued with roles in OSS se déchaîne (1963), The Visit (1964), Un monsieur de compagnie (1964) and Up from the Beach (1965). In 1965, she played in La Métamorphose des cloportes, and seven roles in Those Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines, each one of a different nationality.
After making a few more films including Prudence and the Pill (1968) and Le Clan des Siciliens (The Sicilian Clan, 1969), and two Italian horror films in 1972, Demick's career faded and came to a standstill.
In 1964, she married Philippe Wahl, a Swiss entrepreneur. Together they lived in Rome and Paris. After her divorce in 1979, she moved to the U.S. She died in Indianapolis, Indiana of breast cancer.

## Selected filmography

* Julie the Redhead (1959)
* The Longest Day (1962) as Janine Boitard
* OSS se déchaîne (1963) as Lucia
* The Visit (1964) as Anya
* Un monsieur de compagnie (1964) as Nicole
* Up from the Beach (1965) as Lili Rolland
* Those Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines (1965) as Brigitte / Ingrid / Marlene / Françoise / Yvette / Betty
* La Métamorphose des cloportes (1965) as Catherine Verdier
* Once a Greek (1966) as Chloé Saloniki
* Tiffany Memorandum (1967) as Sylvie Meynard
* Prudence and the Pill (1968) as Elizabeth Brett
* La porta del cannone (1969) as Rada Kálmán
* The Archangel (1969) as Sig.ra Taroochi Roda
* The Sicilian Clan (1969) as Jeanne Manalese
* The Females [de] (1970) as Anna
* Quella chiara notte d'ottobre (1970)
* Goya, a Story of Solitude (1971) as Duchess d'Alba
* Naked Girl Killed in the Park (1972) as Magda Wallenberger
* Tragic Ceremony (1972) as Bill's mother (final film role)
# Yaşar Alpaslan

Yaşar Alpaslan (23 March 1914 – 1995) was a Turkish footballer. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
# Nutritional gatekeeper

Nutritional gatekeeper has been used to refer to the person in a household who typically makes the purchasing and preparation decisions related to food. Nutritional gatekeepers can be a parent, grandparent, sibling, or caregiver.

## History

The concept of the nutritional gatekeeper was first suggested by Kurt Lewin in 1943.
Based on Lewin’s research, food reaches the household through "channels" such as grocery store, the garden, and the refrigerator. The selection of the channels and the food that passes through them is under control of the gatekeeper.
For sixty-five years since Lewin’s work, many dietetics and nutrition textbooks have referred, in the discussions of children’s and adolescents’ dietary habits, to the gatekeeper role played by women.

## Roles

Gatekeeper research starting in the 1940s suggests that the cooks are also responsible for nutrition. Cooking family dinners can expand the nutritional gatekeeper's influence. Eating family dinner has been associated with healthful dietary patterns, better fruit and vegetable intake, lower intake of fried food and soda.
A home’s nutritional gatekeeper usually has the biggest food influence in the nutrition life of most people. They are the biggest food influence in the lives of their children as well as in the life of their spouse or partner. They also influence the restaurant orders of their family by what they recommend or order themselves.
Greater numbers of children are relying on caregivers to provide a significant portion of their nutritional needs or act as nutritional gatekeepers. Currently, child care in the United States is varied – child care homes (both regulated and unregulated) – and other placement such as care in the child’s home by a relative or other caregiver.
Providing healthful meals and snacks to children during the day (and sometimes the early evening as well) in a pleasant eating environment is a major responsibility for the child care facility. In other words, the child care facility have joined the family as the nutritional gatekeepers’. As stated in Briley, Mcbride, & Roberts-Gray, 1997, Caregivers are being asked to take the role of the nutritional gatekeeper for children.
# Megaselia aurea

Megaselia aurea is a species of scuttle flies (insects in the family Phoridae).