OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Joshi's Museum of Miniature Railway

Joshi's Museum of Miniature Railway is a miniature railway museum located in the Erandwane locality of Pune, a city in the state of Maharashtra, India. The museum hosts working models of various types of trains. It was started by Bhausaheb Joshi.

## History

The museum was conceptualized and started by B. S. Joshi, popularly known as Bhausaheb Joshi. Through his childhood hobby of collecting and making models, he started working on this concept in the 1960s. He initially made mobile working models, which he would set up in various cities for the public to view. His first exhibition took place in Pune at the Gokhale Hall in 1982. In 1984 the layout was displayed in Mumbai (then Bombay) and again in 1986, in Pune's Dastur High School. It was then that Joshi decided to have a permanent exhibition to avoid the inconveniences of mobile models. The present layout of the museum was fabricated in 1991 and the museum opened on 1 April 1998. Over time the layout was enlarged with many additions of digital controls and multiple models. The museum's present proprietor is Dr. Ravi Joshi, Bhausaheb's son.

## On exhibit

The model trains on exhibition run through a miniature city and are presented with a son et lumière show. The layout includes 65 signals, fences, lamp posts, flyovers, etc. and can be controlled manually as well as through a computer. In 2011 it has working models of "10 - 15" types of trains, including steam engines, the bullet train and a mini sky-train.
In 2003, the museum developed a miniature railway that interacts with other equipment and simulates train movements. This project, the first of its kind in India, was executed for HBLnife, a company that manufactures and supplies batteries, high-frequency track circuit data loggers, digital axle counters and electronic interlocking systems to the Indian Railways. The model is the first ever scale model in India that is digitally controlled and can simulate movements of trains.
Since 2003, the museum is an India distributor for international brands such as Fleischmann, Roco and Hornby Railways that make scale models of railways. "Trainz", the hobby centre of the museum intends, according to Ravi Joshi, to popularize train modelling and impart basic knowledge about it. Currently the charges for the individual consist of Rs 90 for an individual, kids below 3 years are not charged. The museum also has its own manufacturing unit. The museum sells miniature railway kits on site and also supplies models to Switzerland, Australia and the Indian Railways. In 2007 it manufactured a scale model of the Jungfrau Railway, Europe's highest railway, and received an order for 2000 sets, which will be sold at the stations of the railway. The models are made by the injection moulding process.
The museum is included in the attractions covered by the Pune Municipal Corporation's one-day city tour bus. The road on which the museum is located has been named after Bhau Joshi .
# Mangal Singh Ramgarhia

Sardar Bawaqar Mangal Singh Ramgarhia CSI (1800–1879) was a Sikh veteran of the First and Second Anglo-Sikh wars who served as the manager of Darbar Sahib and the Akal Takht, as a sarbarah appointed by the British Raj from 1862 to 1879. He held the title of "Sardar-i-Bawaqar" (the Sardar with Prestige).

## Biography

Mangal Singh was the son of Diwan Singh and grandson of Tara Singh Ramgarhia, brother of the Sikh leader Jassa Singh Ramgarhia. He was heir to some of the estates of Jassa Singh's son Jodh Singh. In 1834, he was sent to Peshawar to command 400 foot soldiers and 110 sawars (cavalrymen) of the old Ramgarhia clan. There, under Tej Singh and Hari Singh Nalwa, he fought in the Battle of Jamrud in April 1837.
During the reign of Sher Singh, Mangal Singh was employed in Suket, Mandi and Kullu, remaining there until the end of the Satluj War in 1846. During the Second Anglo-Sikh War, Mangal Singh was noted for his work in guarding the roads and maintaining order in the districts of Amritsar and Gurdaspur. After Punjab came under British rule, he retired to Amritsar, where he died in 1879.

## Honours

* Sarbarah of Darbar Sahib and the Akal Takht (1862–1879)
* Honorary Magistrate of Amritsar (1862-1879)
* Member of Vice-Regal Durbar (1864)
* Companions of the Star of India (1876)
# Thomas Jordan Stevens

Thomas Jordan Stevens (1848-1900) was a member of the Utah State legislature.

## Early life

Stevens was born in England. He came to Utah in the Warren S. Snow company of 1864.

## Political career

Stevens married Maria Stringham, a daughter of Bryant Stringham, who was a leadering herdman working under Brigham Young, often in charge of tithing office herds. They settled in downtown Salt Lake City in the Salt Lake 13th Ward of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
Stevens later became a prominent citizen of Ogden, Utah serving as bishop of the Ogden 5th Ward of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and treasurer of the Utah Territorial Reform School. He was also a member of the city council of Ogden and for a time the sheriff of Weber County, Utah. In 1895 he was elected to the Utah House of Representatives. He served as a member of the board of trustees of Weber Stake Academy (the predecessor of Weber State University) from 1888-1900. He also served on the commissary generals staff under Heber M. Wells. He was one of the residents of the Jefferson Avenue Historic District.
# Stretton (surname)

Stretton is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alan Stretton (1922–2012), Australian Army officer
* Alan M. Stretton (born 1930s), Australian civil engineer
* Amanda Stretton (born 1973), English racing driver and motoring journalist
* Andrea Stretton (1952–2007), Australian arts journalist and television presenter
* Antony Stretton, English neuroscientist active in the United States
* Clement E. Stretton (1850–1915), English engineer, author, railway collector, and supporter of Operative Masonry
* Gordon Stretton (1887–1982), English-born Welsh-African-descended drummer active in the United Kingdom, France, and Argentina
* Hesba Stretton, the pen name of Sarah Smith (1832–1911), English writer of children's books
* Hugh Stretton (born 1924), Australian historian and professor
* Jessica Stretton (born 2000), British archer
* Pamela Stretton (born 1980), South African artist
* Philip Eustace Stretton (1865–1919), British painter
* Robert de Stretton (fl. mid-1300s), English clergyman
* Ronald Stretton (1930–2012), British track cyclist
* Ross Stretton (1952–2005), Australian ballet dancer and artistic director
* Samuel Stretton (1731–1811), English builder and architect
* Sempronius Stretton 1781–1842), British Army officer, known for sketches of Canadian life
* Severus William Lynam Stretton (1783–1884), British Army officer
* Simon Stretton, Australian musician, former judge, co-founder of 1970s punk band Black Chrome
* William Stretton (1755–1828), English builder and architect

## Fictional characters

* Sharon Watts, a fictional character in the British soap opera EastEnders
# John Kissel (Connecticut politician)

John Andrew Kissel is an American politician. Kissel, a Republican, has been a state senator from Connecticut since 1993.
Kissel, a resident of Enfield, represents East Granby, Enfield, Granby, Somers, Suffield, Windsor, and Windsor Locks in the Connecticut Senate.
Kissel was born Worcester, Massachusetts and raised in Windsor. He is a graduate of the University of Connecticut and the Western New England College School of Law.
Kissel is currently employed as a corporate attorney for Eversource, an energy company serving much of Connecticut.

## Political positions

Kissel is a noted opponent of the legalization of marijuana, and has voted against legislation that would legalize the consumption or production of marijuana in Connecticut.
In May 2021, Kissel was the sole Nay vote on a bill to end prison gerrymandering in Connecticut. Kissel's district contains many of the largest prisons in Connecticut, and thus would need to expand if the bill is ultimately implemented.
# Portuguese World Exhibition

The Portuguese World Exhibition (Portuguese: Exposição do Mundo Português) was held in Lisbon in 1940 to mark 800 years since the foundation of the country and 300 years since the restoration of independence from Spain.
The fair ran from 23 June to 2 December 1940, held on the Praça do Império, and was attended by 3 million people.

## Organizers

Augusto de Castro was the commissioner general, Júlio Dantas president of committee, Cottinelli Telmo [pt] the master architect, António Ferro (director), and lead engineer Duarte Pacheco.
The exhibition was opened by President Carmona, with Oliveira Salazar also in attendance.

## Contents

The fair was divided into three main sections of display: history, ethnography, and the colonial world.

### Monument to Discoveries

A Monument of the Discoveries of Portugal Padrão dos Descobrimentos was designed by Leopoldo de Almeida and Cottinelli Telmo. It was dismantled in 1958 and rebuilt in 1960 to honor the 500th anniversary of the death of Prince Henry the Navigator.

### Nautical sports

A modernist restaurant and beer hall was designed by António Lino with guidance from Cottinelli Telmo. In 2014, it was remodelled to become a nightclub and bar.

### Popular life

The pavilion of popular life was designed by Veloso Reis and João Simões and after the exhibition was refurbished and opened as Lisbon's Museum of Popular Art in 1948.

### Brazil

The Brazil pavilion, named Independent Brazilian Pavilion, was designed by Raul Lino, with interiors by Roberto Lacombe. Its contents included a large photographic mural and a reading room with 5000 works. It had an art section including paintings by Lucílio de Albuquerque, Arthur Timótheo da Costa, Oscar Pereira da Silva and Candido Portinari.

### Nau Portugal

Nau Portugal was a galleon replica, built by the Mónicas's Family Shipyard, it was exhibited near the Maritime Discoveries Pavilion. It suffered irreparable damage in the cyclone of 1941. After that, it was dismantled and transformed into a barge.
# Sizani Ngubane

Sizani Ngubane was a South African activist who worked for rural women's rights. She was the founder of the Rural Women's Movement (RWM) which originated in her peace-building efforts in the final years of minority-rule wherein she brought women together across partisan lines to end political violence. RWM was formally registered in 1998. Working on issues central to its constituency, rural women and girls, RWM would come to number over 50,000 members across KwaZulu-Natal. The movement works both at the grassroots and policy levels on issues including women's access to land rights, ending gender-based violence, promoting food sovereignty and fostering healthy, democratic rural communities. Sizani Ngubane was recognized for her work as the 2018 NGO CSW Woman of Distinction and as a 2020 finalist for the Martin Ennals award.

## Biography

Ngubane was born in KwaMpumuza, near Pietermaritzburg. As a young girl, Ngubane witnessed her mother experiencing domestic violence from her male relatives and her own husband. In 1965, her mother had been kicked off of her own land by her brothers in law and went to a traditional leader to request land where she was denied because she had no sons. Ngubane said, "I grew up knowing I had to be part of the solution."
In 1990, Ngubane launched the Rural Women's Movement (RWM).
From 1999 on, she began to research how women were treated in rural KwaZulu Natal and she found that many were treated "as subordinates to men." She also began fighting against the Traditional Courts Bill which she felt would give traditional, male leaders unchecked power that could "significantly undermine women's rights." The Bill died in 2014.
In 2011, Ngubane addressed the United Nations on issues facing rural women.
In 2020 she was nominated for the Martin Ennals Award together with Yemeni lawyer Huda Al-Sarari and Norma Librada Ledezma. Huda Al-Sarari became the 2020 laureate
She died on 23 December 2020 of COVID-19.
# Rayna Gellert

Rayna Gellert (born December 15, 1975) is an American fiddler, acoustic guitarist, singer, and songwriter specializing in old-time music.
Gellert is a former member of the Freight Hoppers. From 2003 to 2009 she performed and recorded with the all-female old-time band Uncle Earl. In 2003, she was a featured performer at the Smithsonian Folklife Festival. She has also performed with the dance company Rhythm in Shoes, the West African-influenced band Toubab Krewe, Abigail Washburn, and Scott Miller. She has toured throughout the United States, Europe, and Chile.
She has been a finalist at the Appalachian String Band Music Festival in Clifftop, Fayette County, West Virginia several times.

## Early life and education

Rayna Gellert was born on December 15, 1975. She grew up in Elkhart, in northern Indiana, formerly lived in Asheville, North Carolina, and is currently based in Nashville, Tennessee. Her father is the traditional fiddler, banjo player, and singer Dan Gellert. Originally a classically trained violinist, she took up the old-time fiddle in 1994, when she moved to North Carolina to attend Warren Wilson College. She received a bachelor's degree from Warren Wilson College. Gellert plays a fiddle that belonged to her great-grandfather, a Hungarian orchestral musician, and guitar.

## Career

Gellert has played and recorded with Abigail Washburn, Loudon Wainwright III, Tyler Ramsey, Robyn Hitchcock, and others. She has appeared at music festivals including Bonnaroo, Telluride Bluegrass Festival, and RockyGrass.

## Discography
### As leader

* Ways of the World (2000)
* Old Light- Songs from my Childhood & Other Gone Worlds (2012)
* Workin's Too Hard (2017)

### With Uncle Earl

* 2004 - Going to the Western Slope (EP)
* 2004 - Raise A Ruckus (EP)
* 2005 - She Waits For Night (Rounder)
* 2007 - Waterloo, Tennessee (Rounder)

### With Susie Goehring

* Starch & Iron (2005)

### With Scott Miller
#### Extended plays

* CoDependents (2012)

### With The Brothers K
#### Extended plays

* Rayna Gellert & the Brothers K (2015)

### With Kieran Kane

* The Ledges (2018)
* When the Sun Goes Down (2019)
* The Flowers That Bloom in Spring (2022)

### Filmography

Killers of the Flower Moon (2023)
# Henri Martin (American politician)

Henri Martin is a Republican member of the Connecticut State Senate. First elected to the Senate in 2014, he has represented Connecticut's 31st State Senate district since 2015.

## Education and business career

Martin graduated from Bristol Central High School in 1974 and received a bachelor's degree in criminal justice from Saint Anselm College in 1978. He is a real estate broker. He owns Henri Martin Real Estate and Broad Street Self Storage.

## Political career

From 2011 to 2013, Martin was a member of the Bristol City Council.

### State Senate elections

He won election to the Senate seat for the 31st district in 2014, in the open seat being vacated by Republican Jason Welch, who decided not to run for reelection. Martin defeated Democratic nominee Robert Michalik, the town attorney for Plainville. In addition to Bristol and Plainville, the 31st district includes Harwinton, Plymouth, and Thomaston. The legislature's addition of Thomaston to the 31st district in 2012 (during the redistricting process) gave the district more Republican-leaning voters, helping Martin to prevail in 2014. In the 2016 election, Martin defeated Democratic nominee Michael Nicastro, who previously led the Central Connecticut Chamber of Commerce. Martin was reelected in the 2018 election, defeating Democratic nominee Christopher Wright, a former state representative. Martin won reelection in the 2020 election, defeating Bristol City Councilwoman Mary Fortier, the Democratic candidate. In 2022, Martin won a fifth term, defeating Democratic nominee Greg Hahn, a Bristol city councilman.

### Tenure

Martin opposes legalization of marijuana in Connecticut, and has been an outspoken opponent of proposals to introduce highway tolls in the state.
In 2017, Martin voted in favor of a gambling expansion bill to allow the Mashantucket Pequot and Mohegan tribes to develop a casino in East Windsor. In 2020, Martin opposed Governor Ned Lamont's proposal to join the Transportation and Climate Initiative to reduce carbon emissions; like other Republicans, Martin arguing that the proposal would increase energy prices. In 2022, Martin voted against an abortion safe-harbor bill.
Martin was one of two ranking Republican members of the Transportation Committee in 2019, and in 2023 he was the ranking Republican member of the Finance Revenue and Bonding Committee (which considers tax measures in Connecticut). He is also a member of the State Bond Commission; in that role, he has criticized the Connecticut Port Authority over its oversight of a long-troubled project to redevelop the New London-based State Pier.
# Derek Slap

Derek Slap (born c. 1973) is an American politician, journalist, and businessman. He was a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives from 2017 to 2019, serving District 19. In 2019, Slap won a special election, and has since sat in the Connecticut State Senate from District 5.

## Education

Slap earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in journalism and international relations at Syracuse University, followed by a Master of Business Administration at the University of Connecticut School of Business.

## Career

Between 1998 and 2003, he was a news anchor and reporter at WVIT. He then served as a chief of staff for Democratic Party-affiliated members of the Connecticut Senate, as well as communications director for John DeStefano Jr. In 2014, Slap joined the UConn Foundation as vice president of external relations.

### Connecticut Legislature

In May 2016, Slap was nominated by the Democratic Party as its candidate for Connecticut House of Representatives District 19, after sitting legislator Brian Becker announced his retirement. Slap faced Republican Party candidate Chris Barnes in the general election. Slap retained his seat in the state house in November 2018, running unopposed. Following Beth Bye's appointment to Ned Lamont's gubernatorial administration, Slap ran for her District 5 seat in the Connecticut Senate. Slap faced Bill Wadsworth, Jeffrey Przech, and Mark Stewart Greenstein in the special election. Slap was sworn in as a state senator on March 1, 2019. Within the Connecticut Senate, Slap became the deputy majority leader. The Democratic Party endorsed Slap's 2020 bid for re-election to the state senate. Slap defeated Republican Challenger Phillip Chabot in the general election on November 3, 2020.
# Kurt Vail

Kurt Vail is an American politician and member of the Republican party. He is a current member of the Connecticut House of Representatives representing Connecticut's 52nd assembly district in the General Assembly. The district is made up of Somers, Stafford, Union, and Woodstock. Vail was first elected in 2014, and is currently serving in his fifth term.
Vail has served as the ranking member of the Veterans and Military Affairs Committee since 2019. He also sits on the Aging, Commerce, and Public Safety and Security Committees.
Vail also served in the community as a member of the Stafford Board of Education and the Downtown Revitalization Committee. He also serves as a member of the Stafford Board of Selectmen after winning election in 2021.
# Mappiq

Mappiq :
| ּ‎ ||
| IPA | h |
| Transliteration | h |
| Same appearance | dagesh, shuruk |
| Example ||
| גֹּבַהּ‎ ||
| The word for height in Hebrew, govah. The centre dot in the leftmost letter (which is the letter He) is a mappiq. ||
| Other Niqqud ||
| Shva · Hiriq · Tzere · Segol · Patach · Kamatz · Holam · Dagesh · Mappiq · Shuruk · Kubutz · Rafe · Sin/Shin Dot ||
The mappiq (מַפִּיק‎ mapík; also mapiq, mapik, mappik, lit. "causing to go out") is a diacritic used in the Hebrew alphabet. It is part of the Masoretes' system of niqqud (vowel points), and was added to Hebrew orthography at the same time. It takes the form of a dot in the middle of a letter (usually ה‎, he). An identical point with a different phonetic function (marking different consonants) is called a dagesh.
The mappiq is used to indicate that the corresponding letter is to be pronounced as a consonant, although in a position where the letter usually indicates a vowel. Typically, the mappiq is used in the middle of הּ‎ (he), though it historically and biblically has been used with יּ‎ (yodh), וּ‎ (vav), and אּ‎ (aleph).
Before the vowel points were invented, some consonants were used to indicate vowel sounds. These consonants are called matres lectionis (New Latin: sg. māter lēctiōnis "mother of reading", pl. mātrēs lēctiōnis "mothers of reading", calques of Hebrew: אֵם קְרִיאָה‎ em kriá and אִמּוֹת קְרִיאָה‎ imót kriá - with the same meaning). The letter he (transliterated H) at the end of a word (Hebrew is written from right to left) can indicate the vowel sound a or e. When it does, it is not acting as a consonant, and therefore in pure phonetic logic the Biblical name Zechariah (among others) should be spelled "Zekharya" without the final "h". However, silent final h being also a feature of English, it is usually retained in Hebrew transliterations to distinguish final he from final aleph.
The divine name Yah has a mappiq (a dot inside the last letter), so the last letter shall not be read as a vowel a, but as the consonant H - and therefore Yah (and not Ya).
The most common occurrence of mappiq is in the suffix "-ah", meaning "her".
A he with mappiq is meant to be pronounced as a full consonant "h". In Mizrahi and Yemenite Hebrew it is pronounced more strongly than a normal he, sometimes with a slight following shwa sound (this rule is also followed by Dutch Sephardim), and in Ashkenazi Hebrew, it is pronounced. In modern Hebrew, however, it is normally silent; although it is still pronounced in religious contexts by careful readers of the prayers and scriptures.

## Rafe

In Masoretic manuscripts the opposite of a mappiq would be indicated by a rafe, a small line on top of the letter. This is no longer found in Hebrew.