OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bill Gallagher (businessman)

Sir William Murray Gallagher, Lord of Bothwell and Kildrummie (born 22 January 1941) is a New Zealand businessman.

## Biography

Gallagher was born on 22 January 1941, the son of Bill Gallagher and Millie Gallagher (née Murray).
The younger Bill Gallagher and his brother John took increasing roles in the business and marketing side of the family firm through the 1960s, with Bill leading the company's export push into Australia and becoming the Chief Executive and Chairman in 1973. By 2010, the Gallagher Group was exporting to over 130 countries with revenue of $160 million, and had over 1000 employees, including 600 in New Zealand. Their product range had expanded to include high-powered electric fences, automatic gate openers, security access systems, and animal weighing devices.
Gallagher and his wife, Judi, have three children.

## Hamilton statue controversy

In 2013, the Gallagher Group donated to Hamilton City a statue of John Fane Charles Hamilton, a British naval officer who was killed at the Battle of Gate Pā, for whom the city was named. In 2017, Gallagher gave a speech in which he called the Treaty of Waitangi a "fraud", and said that non-Māori risked being stripped of their rights and becoming unable to visit New Zealand's beaches. In 2018, the statue of Hamilton was defaced with red paint, and it was removed from public display in Civic Square by the Hamilton City Council in 2020 following a request from the local iwi, Waikato Tainui. Gallagher subsequently circulated reports to city councillors detailing an alternative history of New Zealand in which Māori were not the first inhabitants of New Zealand, a theory that has been debunked by leading historians.

## Philanthropy

The Sir William and Lady Judi Gallagher Foundation provides scholarships for computing and mathematical science, engineering, management and music (specifically opera).
# Jörg Dornau

Jörg Dornau is a German politician and member of the far-right Alternative for Germany party who has served in the Landtag of Saxony since 2019.

## Biography

Born in 1970 in Borna, Leipzig, East Germany, Jörg Dornau was elected to the Landtag of Saxony in 2019 as a member of the Alternative for Germany. In September 2024, Belarusian news reported that Dornau owned an onion plantation in the country that signed a contract to use political prisoners as labor. He allegedly visited the plantation at least once to see the operation.
# Halticotoma

Halticotoma is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae. There are about six described species in Halticotoma.

## Species

These six species belong to the genus Halticotoma:
* Halticotoma andrei Knight, 1968
* Halticotoma brunnea Knight, 1968
* Halticotoma cornifer Knight, 1928
* Halticotoma cornifera Knight, 1928
* Halticotoma nicholi Knight, 1928
* Halticotoma valida Townsend, 1892 (yucca plant bug)
# Zita Martins

Zita Carla Torrão Pinto Martins FRS (born 1979), OSE, is a Portuguese astrobiologist, and an associate professor at Instituto Superior Técnico. She was a Royal Society University Research Fellow (URF) at Imperial College London. Her research explores how life may have begun on Earth by looking for organic compounds in meteorite samples.

## Early life and education

As a child, Zita Martins studied classical ballet from the age of four and was encouraged by her teacher to progress to the National Ballet School in Portugal, which would have put her on track to become a professional dancer. Instead, at the age of 15, she decided she wanted to pursue science, gave up ballet and taught herself Russian. At secondary school, she filled in a careers test, which advised her strengths were in science and art, which Zita Martins says was not very helpful.
As an undergraduate studying chemistry, at Instituto Superior Técnico, Martins was unsure how to direct her education towards a career in space science. She says, "I emailed NASA and asked them what I should do. They told me to do an internship in the Netherlands. I did an internship there, and did a really cool project analysing samples from space (i.e. meteorites). I thought: ‘this is cool; I want to do this for the rest of my life’.
She was awarded a PhD in 2007 for Chemical analysis of organic molecules in carbonaceous meteorites from Leiden University supervised by Pascale Ehrenfreund. While completing her PhD, she gave a talk which was led to an invitation to be an Invited Scientist at NASA.

## Research and career

In 2013, Zita Martins, working with colleagues from the University of Kent shot steel projectiles at ice samples, which simulated the composition of comets to find out if their impact is responsible for the production of complex organic molecules. The experiment found that the impact-shock of a comet produces a number of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. This has implications for the origin of life on Earth but also potentially in the icy moons of Jupiter and Saturn.
Zita Martins is Co-Investigator of two European Space Agency missions, OREOcube and EXOcube, which will be installed on the International Space Station in the future.
Zita Martins has an active involvement with the international media. She is a BBC Expert Women Scientist.

### Awards and honours
#### Honours

* Officer of the Military Order of Saint James of the Sword (25 February 2019) - For exceptional and outstanding merits in science.

#### Academic Awards

* Royal Society University Research Fellowship (URF) in 2009.
# Gunnar Hjeltnes

Gunnar Hjeltnes (December 25, 1922 – November 7, 2013) was a Norwegian alpine skier. He was born in Ulvik. He participated at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo, where he placed 7th in downhill, and also competed in slalom and giant slalom. He became Norwegian champion in downhill in 1951. Hjeltnes died in November 2013 at the age of 90.
# Gunnar Høst Sjøwall

Gunnar Høst Sjøwall (22 January 1936 – 9 September 2013) was a Norwegian portrait photographer and former competitive tennis player.
Sjøwall was a son of photographer Gunnar Theodor Sjøwall. As a child, he showed early promise in tennis and was given intensive training. Sjøwall went on to compete in tennis, winning 14 national championships between 1955 and 1966. He also made a good showing in several international tournaments. He represented the clubs SK Njård and Stabekk TK.
Sjøwall had an apprenticeship in photography with Edvard Welinder in Stockholm. He was educated at Institutt for Färgfoto (Institute for Color Photography) in Lund, Sweden.
He won the Portrait of the Year award in the 1967 Photography Yearbook, as well as other national and international awards. He completed a number of portrait assignments for the Norwegian royal family, the Norwegian Nobel Institute, and other large organizations. In 1968 at the age of 32, Sjøwall took over his father's studio. In addition to the assignments noted above, he completed a number of photographic restorations.
He died in September 2013.
# Gunnar Stensland

Gunnar Stensland (11 January 1922 – 24 November 2011) was a Norwegian association football midfielder and coach.
In Norway he played for Ålgård FK and Viking FK. He played 58 games and scored two goals for Viking from 1947 to 1950. In his time with Viking, he was part of their Cup winning team against Skeid in 1947. Later, he played two games for FC Nancy in France, the forerunner of AS Nancy. He was coach of Viking from 1951 to 1952, Ålgård in 1956 and Stålkameratene in 1965.
He was born in Ålgård, attended school in Ålgård and Hana and police academy in Sweden. He worked in the police until retiring in 1979. He died in November 2011.
# Gunnar Thoresen (bobsledder)

Gunnar Thoresen (October 10, 1921 – May 18, 1972) was a Norwegian bobsledder who competed in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Competing in two Winter Olympics, he earned his best finish of tenth in the four-man event at Oslo in 1952.
# Hans Mehren

Hans Mehren (born 24 January 1945) is a Norwegian sailor. He competed in the Flying Dutchman event at the 1964 Summer Olympics.
# Kanshō

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Kanshō (寛正) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, lit. "year name") after Chōroku and before Bunshō. This period spanned from December 1460 through February 1466. The reigning emperors were Go-Hanazono-tennō (後花園天皇) and Go-Tsuchimikado-tennō (後土御門天皇).

## Change of era

* 1460 Kanshō gannen (寛正元年): The era name was changed to mark an event or a number of events. The old era ended and a new one commenced in Chōroku 4.

## Events of the Kanshō era

* 1460 (Kanshō 1, 9th month): Wakae Castle in Kawachi Province was destroyed when Hatakeyama Yoshinari (畠山 義就, 1437-21 January 1491) was forced out of it.
* 1461 (Kanshō 2): The Kanshō famine ceased.
* August 21, 1464 (Kanshō 5, 19th day of the 7th month): Go-Hanazono resigned his throne in favor of his son, who would be known as Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado.
# Hans Nylund

Hans Nylund (8 June 1939 – 3 September 2017) was a Norwegian footballer. He played in one match for the Norway national football team in 1958.
# Hans Saksvik

Hans Saksvik (25 July 1926 – 12 October 2001) was a Norwegian footballer. He played in one match for the Norway national football team in 1959.
# Harald Grønningen

Harald Grønningen (9 October 1934 – 26 August 2016) was a Norwegian cross-country skier who competed during the 1960s, earning five winter olympic and two world championship medals. He also won nine Norwegian championship titles and received the King's cup in 1963 and 1967. Grønningen won the 15 km twice (1960 and 1961) at the Holmenkollen ski festival and earned the Holmenkollen medal in 1961.
Grønningen was born in Lensvik. He was also an able long-distance runner. His personal best times were 15:03.2 minutes in the 5000 metres, achieved in September 1963 at Trondheim stadion, and 31:04.6 minutes in the 10,000 metres, achieved in September 1961 at the same stadium. He represented the club Lensvik IL.

## Cross-country skiing results

All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

### Olympic Games

* 5 medals – (2 gold, 3 silver)
| Year | Age | 15 km | 30 km | 50 km | 4 × 10 km  relay |
| 1960 | 25 | 11 | — | 14 | Silver |
| 1964 | 29 | Silver | Silver | 6 | 4 |
| 1968 | 33 | Gold | 13 | — | Gold |

### World Championships

* 4 medals – (1 gold, 1 silver, 2 bronze)
| Year | Age | 15 km | 30 km | 50 km | 4 × 10 km  relay |
| 1958 | 23 | 21 | — | — | — |
| 1962 | 27 | Silver | 4 | 5 | 4 |
| 1966 | 31 | — | 7 | 7 | Gold |
| 1970 | 35 | 9 | — | DNF | 4 |
# Helge Karlsen

Helge Karlsen (born 29 June 1948) is a former Norwegian football player, who played for SK Brann in the Norwegian Premier League from 1967 to 1979. He played 237 games totally for Brann, and 180 of them was in the league. In 1972 and 1976 he won the Norwegian Football Cup with Brann. He was immortalized in the famous SK Brann song "Vi è de beste" by Ove Thue in which he has his own verse.
Helge Karlsen played 35 games for Norway's national football team.
# Henrik Skougaard

Henrik Skougaard (3 May 1910 – 23 August 1995) was a Norwegian equestrian. He competed in two events at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
# Håkon Johannessen

Håkon Johannessen (24 December 1912 – 18 September 1978) was a Norwegian footballer. He played in two matches for the Norway national football team from 1933 to 1937.
# Ivar Nordkild

Ivar Olaus Nordkild (born 14 May 1941) is a former Norwegian biathlete. He competed for Norway and won a gold medal in the 1965 Biathlon World Championships in Elverum in the team competition. He won a second gold medal in the men's relay in the 1966 world championships in Garmisch-Partenkirchen and a silver medal in the same event in 1971.
He represented Norway at the 1972 Winter Olympics, skiing third leg in the relay, with team mates Tor Svendsberget, Kåre Hovda and Magnar Solberg, where the Norwegian team placed fourth.

## Biathlon results

All results are sourced from the International Biathlon Union.

### Olympic Games

| Event | Individual | Relay |
| 1972 Sapporo | — | 4th |

### World Championships

3 medals (2 gold, 1 silver)
| Event | Individual | Sprint | Team (time) | Relay |
| 1965 Elverum | 14th | — | Gold | — |
| 1966 Garmisch-Partenkirchen | — | — | — | Gold |
| 1970 Östersund | 11th | — | — | — |
| 1971 Hämeenlinna | 14th | — | — | Silver |
| 1974 Minsk | 36th | — | — | — |
    *During Olympic seasons competitions are only held for those events not included in the Olympic program.
    **The team (time) event was removed in 1965, whilst the relay was added in 1966, and the sprint was added in 1974.
# Liana Badr

Liana Badr (Arabic: ليانة بدر) (born 1950 in Jerusalem) is a Palestinian novelist, and short story writer.

## Life

Badr is a novelist, story writer, journalist, poet and cinema director. She was raised in Jericho. She studied at the University of Jordan and graduated from the Beirut Arab University in Lebanon with a BA in philosophy and psychology. Badr studied at the Lebanese University. She earned her M.A. from Birzeit University. She lived in Beirut and worked as an editor for Al Hurriyya.
After 1982, she moved to Damascus, Syria, then Tunis, Tunisia, and Amman, Jordan. She returned to Palestine in 1994.
She worked in the Palestinian Ministry of Culture (PMC) as a general director for the Arts. She worked in the Cinematic Archive through their Audiovisual department. She was editor of Dafater Thaqafiyya.

## Interviews

* Interview with Liana Badr, produced by the PalREAD – Country of Words project, funded by the European Research Council (ERC)
* حوار مع الكاتبة والشاعرة والمخرجة ليانة بدر، انتاج مشروع ممول من البحث العلمي الاوروبي

## Works

* بوصلة من أجل عباد الشمس: رواية ؛ شرفة على الفاكهاني : قصص (Compass of the Sunflower) دار الثقافة الجديدة, 1989
* جحيم ذهبي: قصص (Hell of Gold: stories), دار الاداب،, 1991
* نجوم أريحا (Jericho Stars), دار الهلال،,1993
* زنابق الضوء (Lilies light) 1998 دار شرقيات للنشر واالتوزيع,

### Works in English

* A compass for the sunflower, Women's Press, 1989, ISBN 978-0-7043-5037-3
* A Balcony over the Fakihani. Translated by Peter Clark; Christopher Tingley. Interlink Books. 1993. ISBN 978-1-56656-464-9. {{cite book}}: |translator= has generic name (help)
* The Stars of Jericho, 1993
* The Eye of the Mirror, Translator Samira Kawar, Garner, 1994, ISBN 978-1-85964-020-3; Garnet, 2008, ISBN 978-1-85964-201-6

### Anthologies

* Salma Khadra Jayyusi, ed. (2005). "Colors". Modern Arabic fiction: an anthology. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-13254-1.
* Denys Johnson-Davies, ed. (2006). "from The Land of Stone and Thyme". The Anchor book of modern Arabic fiction. Random House Digital, Inc. ISBN 978-1-4000-7976-6.
* "March of the Dinosaurs". Freedom: Stories Celebrating the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Random House Digital, Inc. 2011. ISBN 978-0-307-58883-8.

### Articles

* Badr, Liana. 2023. The Memories of a Photographic Lens. Journal of Palestine Studies 133, 209-219.
* Badr, Liana. 2020. Why Do They Not Accept Beirut to Be Beirut? Journal of Palestine Studies 124, 187-189.

## Filmography

* Fadwa: A Tale of a Palestinian Poetess. 52 min, 1999.
* Zeitounat. 37 min, 2000.
* The Green Bird. 37 min, 2002.
* Siege (A Writer's Diary). 33 min. 2003
* The Gates are Open. Sometimes! 2006. 42 min.
* A match on Thursday Afternoon. 2006. 3 min.
* Al QUds – My City. 2010. 52 min
# Charlton, West Sussex

Charlton is a small village in the Chichester district of West Sussex, England. It lies on the Singleton to East Dean road 5.3 miles (8.6 km) and the River Lavant north of Chichester. At the 2011 Census the population of the hamlet was included in the civil parish of Singleton.

## Toponym

The name Charlton comes from "churl", meaning free peasant, and "ton", meaning settlement.

## History

In the 1670s towards the end of Charles II's reign, the Charlton Hunt was established, which would be attended by nobles across the country until the 1750s. Fox Hall, named in reference to the hunt in question, was built in 1730 on the edge of Charlton for the 2nd Duke of Richmond, designed in the Palladian style (possibly by Roger Morris, a student of Lord Burlington).
In 1915, 17th-century pub The Fox Goes Free became the site of the first Women's Institute meeting.
# Johnny Lunde

Johnny Anker Lunde (26 October 1923 – 2 April 2013) was a Norwegian alpine skier and engineer.

## Biography

Lunde was born in Nore, and represented the club Konnerud IL. He participated at the 1948 Winter Olympics in Saint Moritz, and at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo. He did not finish the downhill race in 1948, but finished a tied 20th in downhill in 1952. In 1949 he won the downhill competition which was part of the alpine combined in the Norwegian championship.
He graduated as a construction engineer from ETH Zurich in 1949. After working in construction from 1950 to 1958 he spent his career at the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute until 1990, working with geomechanics.
He resided in Sandvika. He was a grandfather of snowboarder Line Østvold. He died in April 2013.
# Joint Interim Administrative Structure

The Joint Interim Administrative Structure (JIAS) was an interim administrative body in Kosovo, established in January 2000 by the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) during the period that the United Nations was directly responsible for the governance of Kosovo. The JIAS was replaced by Provisional Institutions of Self-Government (PISG) in March 2002 following Kosovo wide elections to the new institutions.

## Structure

The JIAS was divided into the following branches:
* Kosovo Transitional Council — a 35-member "legislature style" advisory body to represent the views of Kosovo stakeholder groups. These groups included polital parties, religious organizations, national minorities and groups representing civil society. The council had powers of scrutiny over the Kosovo administrative departments.
* Interim Administrative Council — a "cabinet-style" body to advise the SRSG on policies relating to the other JIAS bodies. It was composed of 8 members, 4 nominated by the United Nations, 3 representatives of Kosovo Albanians and 1 representative of Kosovo Serbs and two additional observer members. The Kosovo Albanian representatives were Ibrahim Rugova, Hashim Thaci and Rexhep Qosja. The Serb member, Rada Trajković, represented the Serbian National Council for Kosovo and Metohija and only participated as an observer. The SRSG served as the non-voting chairman.
* Administrative departments — 19 administrative departments were established during 2000 and each was co-headed by an Unmik co-head and a Kosovo co-head. These departments continued following the transition to the PISG.
* Central Fiscal Authority — was responsible for managing the Kosovo Consolidated Budget which consisted of the budgets of the administrative departments and municipalities.
* Municipal Administrative Boards — the municipalities of Kosovo were administered by Municipal Administrative Boards headed by UNMIK Municipal Administrators.
# Poland women's national under-19 floorball team

Poland women's national under-19 floorball team is the national floorball team of Poland. As of November 2024, the team was sixth in the IFF World Ranking.
# Josef Håkestad

Josef Håkestad (25 August 1907 – 25 October 1977) was a Norwegian footballer. He played in two matches for the Norway national football team in 1935.
# H.R. 4002 (113th Congress)

The bill H.R. 4002 is a bill that would accept the request of the Miami Tribe of Oklahoma to revoke the charter of incorporation issued to that tribe and ratified by its members on June 1, 1940.
The bill was introduced into the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress.

## Background

The Miami Tribe of Oklahoma is the only federally recognized Native American tribe of Miami Indians in the United States. The people are descended from Miami who were removed in the 19th century from their traditional territory in present-day Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio. Of the 3,908 enrolled tribal members, 775 live in the state of Oklahoma. Enrollment in the tribe is based on documented lineal descent. They adopted a corporate charter on June 1, 1940, as a result of the Oklahoma Indian Welfare Act.

## Provisions of the bill

This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Research Service, a public domain source.
The bill would accept the request of the Miami Tribe of Oklahoma to revoke the charter of incorporation issued to that tribe and ratified by its members on June 1, 1940.

## Congressional Budget Office report

This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Budget Office, as ordered reported by the House Committee on Natural Resources on April 9, 2014. This is a public domain source.
H.R. 4002 would revoke the charter of incorporation of the Miami Tribe of Oklahoma. Based on information provided by the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimates that implementing the legislation would have no effect on the federal budget. The tribe has not been operating under the charter for the last several decades. Enacting H.R. 4002 would not affect direct spending or revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply.
H.R. 4002 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.

## Procedural history

H.R. 4002 was introduced into the United States House of Representatives on February 5, 2014, by Rep. Markwayne Mullin (R, OK-2). It was referred to the United States House Committee on Natural Resources and the United States House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Alaska Native Affairs. It was reported on April 28, 2014, alongside House Report 113-420. The bill was scheduled to be voted on by the House on June 23, 2014.

## Debate and discussion

The Department of the Interior testified that they had no objection to the charter being revoked saying that the "decision whether to maintain or revoke such a charter ultimately should be the Tribe's."