OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Haitian French

Haitian French (French: français haïtien; Haitian Creole: fransè ayisyen) is the variety of French spoken in Haiti. Haitian French is close to standard French. It should be distinguished from Haitian Creole, which is not mutually intelligible with French.

## Phonology

The phoneme consonant /ʁ/ is pronounced [ɣ], but it is often silent in the syllable coda when occurring before a consonant or prosodic break (faire is pronounced [fɛː]). The nasal vowels are not pronounced as in Metropolitan French: /ɑ̃/ → [ã], /ɛ̃/ → [ɛ̃], /ɔ̃/ → [õ], and /œ̃/ → [œ̃]. The typical vowel shifts make it sound very much like other regional accents of the French Caribbean and the Francophone countries of Africa. The perceivable difference between Haitian French and the French spoken in Paris lies in the Haitian speaker's intonation, where a subtle creole-based tone carrying the French on top is found. Importantly, these differences are not enough to create a misunderstanding between a native Parisian speaker and a speaker of Haitian French.
In Haiti, the French spoken in Paris is very influential, so much so that a growing number of Haitians would rather speak it as precisely as possible and pursue this by listening to Radio France Internationale and matching the somewhat conservative style of speech heard on that station.
In the educated groups, French is spoken more closely to the Parisian accent. It is within this group that a major portion of enrollment is provided for the private schools and universities. Even in this group however, a native accent of the language usually occurs in everyone's speech.
# Age management medicine

Longevity medicine is a set of preventive healthcare practices that rely on biomarkers of aging, such as aging clocks, to keep the patient's biological and psychological age as near to peak performance as feasible throughout life. Biogerontology and precision medicine are some of the related fields. As of early 2020s it is a "fast developing field", according to an article in a Lancet specialty journal.
In the first decade of the 21st century, what was called "age management medicine" was considered a field of alternative medicine, and, as of 2007, was not recognized by the American Medical Association. Other names at this time included "antiaging medicine" and "regenerative medicine". Age management medicine is controversial. The field is underregulated and supported by insufficient scientific evidence. People who practice it open themselves up to legal liability on grounds of negligence–malpractice, warranty issues, and product liability. The use of growth hormone has been frequently recommended; however, such use is associated with cancer. Age management medicine is often promoted by anti-aging practitioners specializing in nutritional supplements and hormone-replacement, a practice that may lead to harmful side-effects.
# Zakiah Daradjat

Zakiah Daradjat (November 6, 1926 – January 15, 2013) was an Indonesian Islamic psychologist, educator, and professor of psychology at the Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta.

## Early life

Zakiah Daradjat was born in Koto Marapak, Agam, Dutch East Indies, on 6 November 1926. Her father, Daradjat Husain was known as an activist in the Muslim organization Muhammadiyah and her mother, Rafi'ah was active in Sarekat Islam. Husain had two wives; there were six children he got from his first wife, and from his second wife, Rasunah, he got five children, Zakiah being the oldest. Even though her parents did not come from an ulema group, as a child Zakiah had been educated about Islam through her parents.
# Manfred Stengl

Manfred Stengl (1 April 1946 – 6 June 1992) was an Austrian luger, bobsleigher and motorcycle road racer.
Stengl was born in Salzburg. He worked as a road-building engineer.
He won the gold medal in the men's doubles event at the 1964 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck. Stengl also won the silver medal in the men's doubles event at the 1962 FIL European Luge Championships in Weissenbach, Austria.
In the 1970s, Stengl turned his attention to bobsleigh, winning a bronze in the four-man event at the 1975 FIBT World Championships in Cervinia, Italy.
Stengl was also active in motorcycle racing, participating in many events from the late 1960s and until his death.
He died in a motorcycle accident during the 1992 Isle of Man TT while competing in the Senior TT category.
# 2022 in Cambodia

Events in the year 2022 in Cambodia.

## Incumbents

* King of Cambodia – Norodom Sihamoni
* Prime Minister of Cambodia – Hun Sen

## Events

Ongoing — COVID-19 pandemic in Cambodia
* 14 January - Cambodia begins administering fourth doses of the COVID-19 vaccine for high-risk groups, including healthcare workers, government ministers, and members of the armed forces.
* 23 February - Cambodia begins its COVID-19 vaccination rollout for children over the age of three years, becoming the world's first country to administer vaccines for children under the age of five years.
* 7 June - Cambodia and China break ground on a joint expansion project of the Ream Naval Base near Sihanoukville.
* 14 June - A Cambodian court convicts 60 members of the former Cambodia National Rescue Party of treason, including Cambodian-American lawyer Theary Seng.
* 28 December - A fire in the Grand Diamond City casino hotel in Poipet, Banteay Meanchey province, kills over 25 people and injures dozens more.

## Deaths

* 11 January - Magawa, African giant pouched rat (b. 2013)
* 22 March - Thiounn Mumm, civil servant (b. 1925)
# Moydrum

Moydrum is a townland near Athlone, County Westmeath, Ireland. The townland is in the civil parishs of St. Mary's and Ballyloughloe (Clonlonan).
The townland stands to the east of the town. The Athlone to Mullingar Cycleway cuts through the centre of the area. The townland is bordered by Blyry Lower, Blyry Upper, Creggan Lower, and Garrycastle to the west, Annaghgortagh and Tullycross to the north, Crosswood and Creggan Upper to the south and Carn Park to the east.
Moydrum also lends its name to an electoral division which covers the area to the north of Athlone.

## Moydrum Castle

Moydrum Castle, a ruined 19th century castle, is in the east of the townland. It was burned down by the IRA during the Irish independence war, as a reprisal after the Black and Tans burned down several farms in the area.
# Robert S. Copeland

Robert S. Copeland (1800 – February 5, 1885) was a merchant, shipbuilder and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Pictou County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1867 to 1871 as a Reformer.
He was born in Pictou, Nova Scotia, the son of Samuel Copeland. He married Jane Smith. Copeland was a justice of the peace. He lived in Merigomish, Nova Scotia and died there in 1885.
# Pundrik Ashram

Pundrik Ashram is a Hindu monastery related to the Vedic sage Pundrik. The sage Pundrik was an Indian sage mentioned in the Indian religious texts. He was born in a Brahmin family. He was an ascetic connoisseur of Vedas, lover of self-study, conqueror of senses and forgiving. He was committed to observance of cosmic-Vedic deeds. Pundrik Ashram is located at Punauradham in Sitamarhi district of Mithila region of Bihar. According to legend, Punauradham is considered as the penance place of Pundrik Rishi.

## Description

According to legends, there was an ashram of the sage Pundrik, from which this place was named Pundrik village, which later became popular as Punaura or Punaranya and presently it is known as Punauradham. In 'Padmapuran', Devarshi Narad had described the Pundrik Tirtha to Lord Rama that a creature becomes pure just by entering the ashram of Punauradham because it is the place of the incarnation of the goddess Laxmi as Bhumiputri from the earth. In the ashram there is a Lord Shiva temple known as Pundakeshwar Mahadev Mandir. There is a religious pond near the Ashram known as Sita Kund or Janaki Kund. The Sita Kund is believed as the manifestation place of the goddess Sita. It is believed that this ancient pond has been the penance place of sage Maharishi Pundrik. There is Lord Sun temple to the east, Lord Shiva temple to the west and goddess Kali temple to the south at the pond. Earlier in the Ramayana this place was the hermitage of the sage Pundarik. Once there was a famine in the Kingdom of Mithila, then the King Janaka ploughed there in the farm field on the advice of the sages. But when the goddess Sita was found by the King Janaka from the field during he was ploughing, then the sage Pundrik donated this part of the hermitage to the King Janaka for the monument of the birthplace of goddess Sita. Presently Swami Umeshanand is the Pithadhishwar of the Pundarik Rishi Kshetra. A grand Yajnashala is proposed to be built in the Ashram. On 28 January 2022, Pandit Umesh Mishra laid the foundation stone of the grand Yajnashala under the chairmanship of Shri Kishori Sharan Madhukar Muthia Baba, the saint of Shri Sitaram Naam Sukhdham Ashram Muthia Baba Kutiya.
# Batangas (sword)

The batangas or batangas malapad, is a sword originating from the Tagalog people of the Philippines. It is a type of bolo that widens near the tip. It is around 24 to 28 in (61 to 71 cm) long with a hooked hilt grip.
# MTM

MTM may refer to:

## Computing

* Microsoft Test Manager, a diagnostic software tool
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## Science, technology, medicine and engineering

* Massive Thirring Model, in quantum field theory
* Medication Therapy Management, pharmaceutical care by pharmacists
* Methods-time measurement, a motion time system
* Methyltrimethoxysilane, an organosilicon compound
* Midwoofer-tweeter-midwoofer, a loudspeaker configuration
* Model–test–model, in military combat modelling
* Modified Transverse Mercator coordinate system, used in Eastern Canada
* Motoren Technik Mayer, Wettstetten, Germany, a car tuner
* Mountaintop removal mining
* Methylthiomethyl ether, chemical compound
* X-linked myotubular myopathy, form of centronuclear myopathy

## Entertainment

* MTM Enterprises, Mary Tyler Moore's production company
** MTM Records, a MTM Enterprises record label
* MTM (band), a Portuguese band

## Transport

* Martin Mill railway station, Dover, Kent, England; National Rail station code
* Metlakatla Seaplane Base, Metlakatla, Alaska; IATA airport code and FAA location identifier
* Metro Trains Melbourne, operator of the commuter train network in Melbourne, Victoria

## Other

* Ibanez MTM, a guitar brand
* Made to measure clothing
* MaineToday Media, media company
* Mark-to-market accounting in economics
* Max the Mutt College of Animation, Art & Design, Toronto, Ontario
* Media Technology Monitor, a Canadian survey
* Minnesota Transportation Museum, Saint Paul, Minnesota
* Momentum, a financial indicator
* Monster Truck Madness, a racing video game
* A variant of the MT explosive motorboat, an Italian Royal Navy World War II motorboat designed to ram moored ships
* The Swedish Agency for Accessible Media (Swedish: Myndigheten för tillgängliga medier)
# Chriss Rune Olsen Angvik

Chriss Rune Olsen Angvik (born 12 August 1988 in Molde, Norway) is a Norwegian musician (guitar and vocals) and composer, and known from the bands Red Hot and Envy and the current member of Point and the former member of backing band guitarist and composer for Nico & Vinz.

## Career

Angvik started the R&B band Red Hot together with friends from Romsdal in 2006. In 2008 they were invited to play together with Vidar Busk at the international festival Moldejazz.
He won the final of the Emergenza festival 2011, with the band Envy (Nico & Vinz). Residing in Oslo, Angvik led his own band Chemical Music.

## Honors

* 2011: Emergenza festival winner within the band Envy (Nico & Vinz)

## Discography
### With Red Hot

* 2008: Hotter Than Georgia Asphalt (Bluesnews Records)
* 2010: My Arrival EP (Bluesnews Records)

### With Envy alias Nico & Vinz

* 2012: The Magic Soup and the Bittersweet Faces (Universal Music Group)
* 2014: Black Star Elephant (Warner Bros. Records)
Point
* 2021: Icon
* 2022 :Echo
* 2022 : "Hold Me Now " and "The Fire"
* 2023 Marionette
# Markus Einberger

Markus Einberger (born 5 February 1964) is a retired Austrian high jumper.
He competed at the 1983 World Championships without reaching the final. He became Austrian high jump champion in 1985, 1987, 1988 and 1989, rivalling with Gottfried Wittgruber and Wolfgang Tschirk. He also became indoor champion in 1984, 1985, 1988 and 1989.
His personal best jump was 2.28 metres, achieved in May 1986 in Schwechat. This is the current Austrian record.
# Tengatangi–Areora–Ngatiarua

Tengatangi–Areora–Ngatiarua is a Cook Islands electoral division returning one member to the Cook Islands Parliament. Its current representative is the Hon Te Hani Brown, who has held the seat since 2018.
The electorate was created in 1981, when the Constitution Amendment (No. 9) Act 1980 adjusted electorate boundaries and split the multimember electorate of Atiu into two separate constituencies.

## Members of Parliament for Tengatangi-Areora-Ngatiarua

Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.
| Name | Party | Elected | Left Office | Reason |
| Norman George | Democrat | 1983, 1989 | | Changed parties |
| Norman George | Alliance | 1994, 1999 | 2004 | Defeated |
| Eugene Tatuava | Democrat | 2004 | 2006 | Defeated |
| Nandi Glassie | Cook Islands Party | 2006 | 2018 | Defeated |
| Te-Hani Brown | Independent | 2018 | (incumbent) | |

## Election results
### 2006 election

Cook Islands general election, 2006: Tengatangi-Areora-Ngatiarua :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Cook Islands | Nandi Glassie | 104 | 58.8 |
| | Democratic | Eugene Tatuava | 73 | 41.2 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 177 | 97.3 |

### 2004 election

Cook Islands general election, 2004: Tengatangi-Areora-Ngatiarua :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Eugene Tatuava | 73 | 35.6 |
| | TE | Norman George | 67 | 32.7 |
| | Cook Islands | Nooroa Tou | 65 | 31.7 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 205 | 97.6 |
# Lawrence A. Mysak

Lawrence Mysak, CM FRSC (born January 1940) is a Canadian applied mathematician, working primarily on physical oceanography, and climate research, particularly arctic and palaeoclimate research.
Born in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Lawrence earned his B.Sc. in applied mathematics in 1961 from the University of Alberta (Canada) along with his Assoc. Mus. (flute performance), his M.Sc. from the University of Adelaide in 1963 (where he was supervised by George Szekeres ) and his Ph.D., also in applied mathematics, from Harvard University in 1967. Lawrence continues to play the flute now with the I Medici di McGill orchestra.
Then followed faculty appointments at Harvard University and the University of British Columbia where he co-authored the standard textbook on Waves in the Ocean with Paul LeBlond. Finally he joined the faculty at McGill University from 1986 until his retirement in 2010. At McGill University Mysak was the founding director, in 1990, of the McGill Centre for Global Change Research which is now known as the Global Environment and Climate Change Centre and during his tenure Dr. Mysak served as president of the International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans, IAPSO and serves on the board of trustees of the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences.
Mysak's research focuses on Arctic sea ice and climate during the Little Ice Age; sea ice rheology (viscous-plastic vs. purely plastic models); modeling the freshwater budget of the Arctic Ocean and exchanges with the North Atlantic Ocean (present and past); response of the ocean carbon cycle to Milankovitch forcing in a low-order atmosphere-ocean-sea ice model; and reconstruction of climate change in Europe during the past millennium from an analysis of church architecture, comparing the Medieval Warm Period with the Little Ice Age.
Lawrence Mysak has an Erdős number of 2 as a result of a paper he published with George Szekeres who has an Erdős number of 1 (see List of people by Erdős number).

## Honours

* Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
* Lauréat Prix Acfas Michel-Jurdant, for environmental sciences, 2005
* Member of the Order of Canada (CM)
* Fellow of the Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society (CMOS)
* Fellow of the American Meteorological Society
* Fellow of the American Geophysical Union (AGU)
* Fellow of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics.
* Canadian Steamship Lines Professor of Meteorology at McGill University, Canada
* Alfred Wegener Medal, 2006, awarded by the European Geosciences Union to honour a scientist who has achieved exceptional international standing in atmospheric, hydrological or ocean sciences
* Honorary professor of the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy
# Top hat (disambiguation)

A top hat is a tall hat worn primarily in the 19th and early 20th century.
Top hat, Top Hat, Tophat or Top-hat may also refer to:
* Top Hat, a 1935 film starring Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers
* Top Hat (musical), a 2011 stage musical adapted from the 1935 film
* Top hat (lighting), a theatrical lighting device
* Top hat (roller coaster element)
* TopHat (telescope), a balloon-borne experiment to measure the cosmic microwave background
* Top Hat (TUGS), a recurring character in the children's television series TUGS
* Top Hat 25 (and later model Top Hat 27), an Australian-made sailing yacht
* Top-hat filter, a signal filtering technique
* Top-hat transform, an operator from mathematical morphology and digital image processing
* TopHat (bioinformatics), a bioinformatic sequence analysis package tool
* TOPHAT, cryptonym of Dmitri Polyakov (1921–1988), a Soviet general and a spy for the CIA
* Tophat beam, a kind of laser beam
* Operation Top Hat, a "local field exercise" conducted by the United States Army Chemical Corps in 1953
* Top Hat (The Penguin), an episode of the American television miniseries The Penguin
* Top hat, another name for a steel batten
* Top Hat, in automotive design, differing upper bodies sharing a common platform
* Top hat, a network of wires at the top of a mast radiator

## Distinguish from

* Tophet
# K-Man

Mohamed Saccoh(born in Koidu Town, Sierra Leone), better known by his stage name K-Man, is a Sierra Leonean rapper. K-Man is known for his soft rap tone. He rapped mainly in English and the Krio language as well as occasionally in the Maninka language.

## Early life

Mohamed Saccoh was born in Koidu Town, Kono District in Eastern Sierra Leone to Mandingo parents. K-Man attended primary school in Koidu Town, Kono District. He and his family left Kono District and moved to Freetown, the country's capital city, during early stage of the Sierra Leone Civil War.
K-Man started his music career while attending the Ahmmaddiya Muslim Secondary School in Freetown. His passion for music, in particular Hip Hop, R&B and reggae forms the single most important driving force in his life. From then he rose to an incredibly high standard in the growing post civil war music industry of Sierra Leone while still in Secondary School.

## Music career

In 2004, K-Man, along with fellow Sierra Leonean youth Underground rappers C-Jay and Camouflag, formed the Freetown based Hip Hop group called Conscious Knowledge, more commonly known as CK. The group released their debut hit single called 'Africa' in the paradise compilation volume 1. K-Man's soon after came to be recognized and he quickly rose as the most prominent member of the group.
K-Man left Freetown for neighboring Conakry, Guinea to develop his music career. While in Guinea, K-Man worked with several prominent Guinean rappers including Bill De Sam and Sierra Leonean-Guinean reggae musician Daddi Cool.
With enough time at his disposal, K-Man decided to go solo. This would mean doing all eight tracks in his debut album "watch u back" alone. Songs like Bombat and Watch your back became hits in Sierra Leone, Guinea and The Gambia.
His second album "Leh Wi Make Salone" (let's build Sierra Leone) was internationally successful in West Africa and within the Sierra Leone community abroad.
# Buko (cleaver)

The Buko, also called Buku or Parang Buko is a cleaver (parang) that originates from Borneo. This parang is used by the native Bidayuh (Land Dayaks) people. While the Buko is also used by the Malays chiefly for carpentering purposes.

## Description

The Buko has a curved, single-edged blade. The blade becomes wider from the hilt to the point and is bent sharply after about a fifth. The blade first becomes narrower after the hilt, but then becomes wider again after the bend. The tip is rounded. The handle is made of wood or horn and is decorated with decorative carvings on the pommel. A metal clamp is attached to the transition area from the handle to the blade, which serves to better attach the blade and handle. The Buko bears great resemblance to the Parang Latok and the Pandat.
# B. V. Ramamurthy

B. V. Ramamurthy (14 October 1933 – 23 March 2004) was an Indian cartoonist from Bangalore. His cartoons were published in Karnataka-based dailies and magazines such as the Deccan Herald, Prajavani, Mayura and Sudha. His cartoon column titled Mr. Citizen on Deccan Herald became popular among readers.

## Biography

Ramamurthy was a graduate in science from the St. Joseph's College in Bangalore. He began his career as a cartoonist in Kidi, a Kannada-language newspaper known for its satirical writings, run by his friend Seshappa, who is credited with the discovery of his talent. Ramamurthy received further encouragement by cartoonists Philip Spratt and Pothan Joseph.
Ramamurthy joined Deccan Herald in 1955 and invented the Mysore peta- and dhoti-clad "Mr. Citizen", a representative of the Indian middle-class man. He began the first column in 1958 titled As You Like It, which featured the character, Mr. Citizen. It was a depiction of a common man's agony and problems besides portraying political developments everyday. The character became widely popular, and when he was portrayed without a peta for a while, angry letters were sent by the readers leading to Ramamurthy reverting to the previous version. Speaking of the character's impact, former editor of Deccan Herald K. N. Harikumar recalled that readers identified with Mr. Citizen's "running commentary on life, its hypocrisies and the associated problems." He added that "[Ramamurthy] had a very personal vision of life. His cartoons were very specific. He moulded public perception." Ramamurthy retired from Deccan Herald in 1991 as an assistant editor but continued to be a contributor.
Ramamurthy attracted international attention for his drawings in the early 1980s for "Grin of the Year". His criticism of the former US President, Jimmy Carter, became popular among cartoonists. Recognizing his contribution to journalism as a cartoonist, he was given the Sandesha Award by the government of Karnataka in 1998. Ramamurthy died from cardiac arrest on 23 March 2004 in New Delhi.

### Indian Institute of Cartoonists

Ramamurthy was the first chairperson of the Indian Institute of Cartoonists, a position he served until his death in 2004.
Exhibitions of Ramamurthy's cartoons organised by Indian Institute of Cartoonists at Indian Cartoon Gallery. :
| Date | Exhibition | Inaugurated by |
| 16 August 2007 | B. V. Ramamurthy, V. G. Narendra and B. G. Gujjarappa | T. N. Chaturvedi |
| 30 June 2012 | World of Ramamurthy | K. N. Harikumar |
| February 2017 | World of Ramamurthy | |