OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Heraklas

Heraklas (Ancient Greek: Ἡρακλᾶς) was a Greek physician of the 1st century AD whose descriptions of surgeons' knots and slings are preserved in book 48 of Oribasius' Medical Collections (Ἰατρικαὶ Συναγωγαί, Iatrikai Synagogai) under the title From Heraklas.
Describing them in detail, Heraklas discussed 16 different knots and slings, including the earliest known written account of a string figure. Accompanying illustrations of the knots were added later by Renaissance copyists, but modern analysis of the writings by knot experts has shown many of these early drawings to contain significant errors or misinterpretations.

## The knots identified

The current understanding of Heraklas' knots results primarily from analysis and identification by Hjalmar Öhrvall, Lawrence G. Miller, and Cyrus L. Day, although slightly differing interpretations and refinements continue to be made. The table below shows the knots believed to have been described by Heraklas.
| Chapter | Greek name | Translated name | Modern equivalent |
| I | ertos brokhos | threaded noose | cow hitch |
| II | nautikos brokhos | nautical noose | clove hitch |
| III | khiestos brokhos | crossed noose | overhand noose |
| IV | boukolikos brokhos or sandalios brokhos | pastoral noose or sandal noose | overhand noose variation |
| V | drakon brokhos | dragon noose | overhand noose variation |
| VI | haploun hamma brokhos | single knot noose | (No modern name) |
| VII | lykos brokhos | wolf noose | reef knot |
| VIII | herakleotikon hamma | Hercules knot | reef knot |
| IX | haplous karkhesios brokhos | single jug-sling noose | "true lover's knot" (ABOK #1038) |
| X–XII | diplous karkhesios brokhos | double jug-sling noose | bottle sling |
| XIII | tetrakyklos plinthios brokhos | four-looped rectangular noose | String figure, "The sun clouded over" |
| XIV | epankylotos brokhos | interlooped noose | Tom fool's knot |
| XV | ota brokhos | ears noose | (No modern name) |
| XVI | diankylos brokhos | two-looped noose | (No modern name) |
| XVII | ankhon brokhos | strangler noose | true lover's knot (ABOK #1038) |
| XVIII | hyperbatos brokhos | transposed noose | clove hitch |
# Wurmsbach Abbey

Wurmsbach Abbey (Kloster Mariazell-Wurmsbach) is a monastery of Cistercian nuns located in Bollingen, a locality of Rapperswil-Jona, in the Canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland. It is located on the north shore of upper Lake Zürich. The house is a part of the Order of Cistercians of the Common Observance (O.Cist.).

## History

Count Rudolf of Rapperswil gave his castle of Wurmsbach together with a considerable area of land in 1259 for the foundation of a religious house and the abbey was established. It was initially a dependency of the Cistercian monks of Abbey of St. Urban in Wettingen. The abbey church was dedicated in 1281. Bollinger Sandstein was used for the construction of the abbey by dedicated quarries.
Elisabeth von Rapperswil died probably on 10 April 1309 in the Rapperswil Castle and may have been buried in the Wurmsbach nunnery (†. Apr. IV. Idus: Elizabeth die Graffin, vnser Stiffterin. Excerpta ex Necromonast. Wurmspacensis) on Obersee lake shore. The graves of her younger brother Vinzenz and her mother were excavated in the nunnery, but Elisabeth's grave so far was not discovered.
During the first Battle of Villmergen in 1656 and again during the occupation of the region by the French Revolutionary Army in 1799, the nuns were obliged to flee. On both occasions the abbey was completely pillaged, with the consequence that there are few treasures left.
As of 2011, there are 15 nuns in the community, led by Abbess Monika Thumm, O.Cist.

## Sights

The abbey is renowned for its location at the lake side. It overlooks uper Lake Zürich and the church is listed as a building of historical significance.

## Activities

The nuns run a secondary boarding school for girls. Gardening takes a great deal of time because the land owned by the abbey is considerable. The gardens are known for the herbal remedies grown.

## Cultural heritage

The building is listed in the Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance as a Class B object of regional importance.
# Niketas Ooryphas

Niketas Oryphas or Oöryphas (Ancient Greek: Νικήτας ὁ Ὀρύφας or Ὠορυφᾶς, fl. 860–873) was a distinguished Byzantine official, patrikios, and admiral under the Byzantine emperors Michael III (r. 842–867) and Basil I the Macedonian (r. 867–886), who achieved several naval victories against the Cretan Saracen raiders.

## Biography
### Under Michael III

Nothing is known of Niketas Ooryphas's early life. Several people surnamed Ooryphas are recorded in sources during the first half of the 9th century, all of them in high naval positions, but any family relation is conjectural.
Niketas Ooryphas first appears in our sources in 860, as urban prefect of Constantinople, when a Rus' fleet suddenly appeared in the entrance to the Bosporus and started pillaging the city's suburbs. In his capacity as urban prefect, Ooryphas made a report to Emperor Michael III, who was campaigning against the Arabs in Asia Minor. At a subsequent date, he was appointed in a position in the Byzantine navy, and in 867 he was in charge of the Imperial Fleet (droungarios tou ploïmou). As such he sailed with 100 ships in relief of Ragusa against an Arab siege which had already lasted 15 months, and restored the imperial suzerainty over the coasts of Dalmatia. It is, however, possible that Ooryphas already had naval experience, as he may be identifiable with one of the commanders of the 853 attack on Damietta.

### Under Basil the Macedonian

Although he had risen to high rank under Michael III and had protested the usurpation of the Byzantine throne by Basil I the Macedonian in 867, Ooryphas was quickly won over and retained in office by the latter, and went on to become the perhaps most successful Byzantine admiral of his age.
In 869, Ooryphas led the Byzantine fleet that sailed in support of Louis II who was besieging Bari, but on arriving there, he found the Frankish army dispersed in winter quarters, and caused a diplomatic episode by referring to Louis, who claimed the title of Emperor of the Romans, merely as "king". As a result of the quarrel, the main part of the Byzantine force left, without participating in the siege of the city.
In c. 873, Ooryphas defeated the Cretan Saracens in the Gulf of Saros, and soon after followed this success with another: while the Saracens were campaigning off the western coasts of Greece, he had his men drag his ships overland across the Isthmus of Corinth, thereby surprising the Saracen fleet in the Corinthian Gulf and defeating them. Ooryphas subsequently disappears from the scene, although he may have led the Imperial Fleet in its actions for a few years before being replaced by the droungarios Nasar, including the recapture of Bari and, briefly, of Cyprus.
# Autolycus of Athens

Autolycus (Ancient Greek: Αὐτόλυκος; fl. 5th century BC), son of Lykon, was a young Athenian athlete of singular beauty and the lover of Callias. It is in honour of a victory gained by him in the pentathlon at the Panathenaic Games that Callias gives the banquet for him described by Xenophon in his Symposium.
After the defeat of Athens in the Peloponnesian Wars at the hands of Lysander, Autolycus defeated the Spartan-appointed governor Callibius by "tripping up his heels and throwing him to the ground". Callibius in turn hit Autolycus with his staff upon which Callibius was scolded by Lysander who told him that he "didn't know how to govern free men". Puppets of Lysander and the Spartans killed Autolycus soon after to appease Callibius.
# Syloson

Syloson (Ancient Greek: Συλοσών, gen.: Συλοσῶνος) governed Samos as a vassal ruler on behalf of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. He was appointed by king Darius I and was the brother of Polycrates of Samos.
When Polycrates became tyrant of the island he exiled Syloson. Syloson went to Egypt, where he stayed until a "flame-coloured mantle" he was selling brought him in contact with Darius I of Persia. At the time Darius I of Persia was a spearman in Cambyses II of Persia's army. Syloson saw how much Darius liked the mantle and gave it to him for free.
When Darius rose to power Syloson went to visit him in Susa. Darius offered him gold and silver for his kindness in the past with the mantle but Syloson refused and wanted military assistance in retaking Samos. "To me, O king, give neither gold nor silver, but recover and give me my fatherland Samos, which now that my brother Polycrates has been slain by Oroites is possessed by our slave." Darius agreed and sent an expedition led by Otanes.
At the time when Syloson came back to the island of Samos, Maiandrios was holding rule but decided to give back power to the Samians and established a democracy. Maiandrios had fallen ill and his brothers Lycaretos and Charilaos were both trying to get possession of Samos.
The Samians had welcomed Syloson when he came, for the good legacy his brother had left. But Charilaos, after being released from prison, persuaded his brother to send mercenaries to attack the Persians. Maiandrios agreed because he loathed Syloson and escaped the island through a secret passage. With Charilaos commanding the mercenaries they were defeated in the uprising and the Persian commander Otanes, against Darius's orders, slew many Samians.
Syloson was succeeded by his son Aeaces.
# Bolus of Mendes

Bolus of Mendes (Ancient Greek: Βῶλος ὁ Μενδήσιος, Bōlos ho Mendēsios; fl. 3rd century BC) was a philosopher, a neopythagorean writer of works of esoterica and medicine, in Ptolemaic Egypt. Both the Suda, and a later work mistakenly attributed to Eudokia Makrembolitissa—Ἰωνιά; Bed of Violets, probably a 16th-century forgery by Constantine Paleocappa—write of a Pythagorean philosopher of Mendes in Egypt. He is described as one who wrote on marvels, potent remedies, and astronomical phenomena. The Suda, however, also describes a separate Bolus who was a philosopher of the school of Democritus, who wrote Inquiry, and Medical Art, containing "natural medical remedies from some resources of nature." However, from a passage of Columella, it appears that Bolos of Mendes and this other Bolus, follower of Democritus, were one and the same person. He seems to have lived following the time of Theophrastus, whose work Historia Plantarum ('On Plants'), Bolus appears to have known.
# Henriette Louise de Waldner de Freundstein

Henriette Louise de Waldner de Freundstein, Baronne d'Oberkirch (5 June 1754 – 10 June 1803) was a French aristocrat, socialite, and memoirist.

## Biography

She was born on 5 June 1754 in Schweighouse-Thann, Alsace to François Louis Waldner de Freundstein, Baron de Waldner and Wilhelmine Auguste Berckheim de Ribeauvillé. After her birth, her father became the Comte de Waldner.
She married Baron Charles Frédéric Siegfried d'Oberkirch. They had a daughter, Marie-Philippine Frédérique Dorothée (1777–1827), who married in 1798 to Count Louis Simon de Bernard de Montbrison. Their grandson edited and published the Mémoires in English in 1852 and in French in 1854.
The baroness lived in and wrote about court society in her native Alsace, in Montbéliard, Stuttgart and (most importantly) in Paris and Versailles; her trips to the court of Louis XVI occurred in 1782, 1784, and 1786. She was a childhood friend of the Grand Duchess Maria Feodorovna (Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg), later the Empress of Russia, and of Goethe. The writer Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz fell in love with her in 1776 and wrote several works inspired by this love. Her writing provided insight into high society during the end of the ancien régime.
The baroness notably praised the whipped cream served at a lunch at the Hameau de Chantilly, which would later be named Crème Chantilly.
# Soos (king of Sparta)

Soos (Ancient Greek: Σόος) was a fictional king of Sparta, created in the 4th century BC in order to harmonise the list of the two Spartan dynasties. Various deeds were also attached to his reign, dated by ancient authors to the 11th century BC.

## Life

Soos is supposed to be the son of Procles, the alleged founder of the Eurypontid dynasty, one of the two royal family in Sparta (the other being the Agiads). However, modern historians consider that he was invented during the 4th century BC. Soos is absent from the lists of kings given by Herodotus, who wrote in the 5th century. He makes his first appearance in Plato's dialogue Cratylus, but he is only described there as a nobleman, not a king. A bit later, the historian Ephorus implicitly recognized him as king by referring to Lycurgus as the sixth Eurypontid in line from Procles, which is only possible if Soos is counted as king. The main reason for his addition was the need to synchronize the reigns of the Eurypontid Theopompus and the Agiad Polydorus—who were thought to have reigned together—as the Agiads counted one more king before Polydorus; so, by crafting Soos, the two king lists became symmetrical, and Theopompus's reign could be pushed later.
According to Pausanias, Soos was the son of Procles and father of Eurypon. His name means "stability", a key concept for Spartan identity—such personifications of concepts are typical of orally transmitted lists. During his supposed rule, Spartans took away the freedom of the helots, and claimed some territories of Arcadia.
Plutarch wrote of a time that the Clitorians encircled the Spartans, preventing their access to water sources. Soos made an agreement that he would return the lands he had conquered to them if him and all his men would be allowed water to drink. He then promised the kingdom whichever of his soldiers would refuse to drink. Every one of them drank except Soos himself, who only splashed his face with the water, so he refused to keep the agreement with the Clitorians.
# Menecrates of Ephesus

Menecrates of Ephesus (/məˈnɛkrətiːz/; Ancient Greek: Μενεκράτης ὁ Ἐφέσιος; 330–270 BC) was a Greek didactic poet of the Hellenistic period. He wrote a poem called the Works which was modeled upon Hesiod's Works and Days and included a discussion of bees based on the work of Aristotle. He was the teacher of the astronomical poet Aratus. The few surviving fragments were included by Hermann Diels in the collection Poetarum Philosophorum Fragmenta (1901).
# Amynander of Athamania

Amynander (Ancient Greek: Ἀμύνανδρος, Amynandros, in Polybios also Amynas) was king of the Athamanes in south Epirus, following his predecessor Theodorus of Athamania. He was a brother-in-law of the Illyrian king Scerdilaidas and first appears in history as a mediator between Philip V of Macedon and the Aetolians.
When the Romans were about to wage war on Philip, they sent ambassadors to Amynander to inform him of their intention. On the commencement of the war, he came to the camp of the Romans and promised them assistance: the task of bringing over the Aetolians to an alliance with the Romans was assigned to him.
In 198 BC Amynander took the towns of Phoca and Gomphi, and ravaged Thessaly. He was present at the conference between Flamininus and Philip, and during the short truce was sent by the former to Rome. He was again present at the conference held with Philip after the battle of Cynoscephalae. On the conclusion of peace, he was allowed to retain all the fortresses which he had taken from Philip.
In the war which the Romans, supported by Philip, waged with Antiochus III, Amynander was induced by his brother-in-law, Philip of Megalopolis, to side with Antiochus, to whom he rendered active service. But in 191 BC he was driven from his kingdom by Philip and fled with his wife and children to Ambracia. The Romans required that he should be delivered up, but their demand was not complied with, and with the assistance of the Aetolians he recovered his kingdom. He sent ambassadors to Rome and to the Scipiones (generals Scipio Africanus and Lucius Cornelius Scipio, who would earn the agnomen "Asiaticus" from this war) in Asia, to treat for peace, which was granted him. (b. c. 189.) He afterwards induced the Ambraciots to surrender to the Romans.
Amynander married Apama, the daughter of Alexander of Megalopolis. Regarding his death we have no accounts.
# Against the Christians

Against the Christians (Ancient Greek: Κατὰ Χριστιανῶν; Adversus Christianos) is a late 3rd-century book written by Roman-Phoenician Neoplatonic philosopher Porphyry of Tyre, challenging the writings of Christian philosophers and theologians. Due to widespread censorship by Roman imperial authorities, no known copies of this book exist. Only through references to it in Christian writings criticizing it can its contents be reconstructed.

## Background

During his retirement in Sicily, Porphyry wrote Against the Christians (Κατὰ Χριστιανῶν; Adversus Christianos) which consisted of fifteen books. Some thirty Christian apologists, such as Methodius, Eusebius, Apollinaris, Augustine, Jerome, etc., responded to his challenge. In fact, everything known about Porphyry's arguments is found in these refutations, largely because Theodosius II ordered every copy burned in AD 435 and again in 448.
Augustine and the 5th-century ecclesiastical historian Socrates of Constantinople assert that Porphyry was once a Christian.

## Contents

Porphyry saw Christians as treasonous and immoral, and believed that those who would not convert away from the religion should be executed. As quoted by Jerome, Porphyry mocked Paul and the early Christians while suggesting that the "magical arts" performed by Jesus of Nazareth and his followers were nothing special, done similarly by other figures of Greco-Roman history:
   He did it all for money; [...] (They were) poor and country-dwelling men, seeing that they used to have nothing; certain wonders were worked with magical arts. Not that it is unusual however to do wonders; for the magicians in Egypt also did wonders against Moses, Apollonius also did them, Apuleius also did them, and any number have done wonders. [They did wonders by magical arts] so that they might receive riches from rich and impressionable women, whom they had led astray.

### Prophecy of Daniel

Porphyry especially challenged the prophecy of Daniel, because Jews and Christians pointed to the historical fulfillment of its prophecies as a decisive argument. But these prophecies, he maintained, were written not by Daniel but by some Jew who in the time of Antiochus Epiphanes (d. 164 BC) gathered up the traditions of Daniel's life and wrote a history of recent past events but in the future tense, falsely dating them back to Daniel's time. According to Jerome:
   Porphyry ... alleged that "Daniel" did not foretell the future so much as he related the past, and lastly that whatever he spoke of up till the time of Antiochus contained authentic history, whereas anything he may have conjectured beyond that point was false, inasmuch as he would not have foreknown the future.
# Northern University, Nowshera

The Northern University (NU) is a private non profit university funded by EDR Trust, located in Wattar Walai, Nowshera, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The inauguration of the university was done by the Former President of Northern University General (R) Sawar Khan. Its main campus is located at Wattar Walai Ziarat, Kaka Sahib Road, Nowshera

## Academic programs
### Faculty of Computer Science

Northern University offers undergraduate programs in the fields of Computer Science and Software Engineering.

### Faculty of Administrative Sciences

The Faculty of Administrative Sciences offers undergraduate in Business Administration, and Masters of Science in Business Administration, specially designed for Business and Non-Business Graduates, with a focus on core strategies in management and international business.

### Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences

It offers four year undergraduate programs in English and B.Ed (1.5 Year) and postgraduate degrees in English, Education, and Urdu.

### Faculty of Sciences

Northern University is offering BS and MPhil degrees in Mathematics.

## Campuses

The university had two campuses; however, after successfully completion of a asphalted road and state of the art security arrangements, it has shifted to one Main Campus. Main campus is located at Wattar Walai Ziarat Kaka Sahib Road, Nowshera. The foundation stone for the main block was laid by Mr. Khalil Ur Rehman, Governor NWFP in April 2005.

## Gallery

* University Campus Watarro
* University staff
# Johnny Lockett

Johnny Lockett (1915-2004) was a British professional Grand Prix motorcycle road racer who competed in the 1940s and 1950s.
He competed in the 1949 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season riding on a 500cc Norton bike and finished seventh overall with 13 points, 17 points behind fellow British rider and teammate Harold Daniell.

## World Championship results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap.)
| Year | Class | Motorcycle | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Rank | Points |
| 1949 | | | IOM | SUI | NED | BEL | ULS | NAT | | | | |
| 1949 | 350 cc | Norton | 7 | | 3 | 3 | | | | | 5th | 14 |
| 1949 | 500 cc | Norton | 2 | | 5 | | | | | | 7th | 13 |
| 1950 | | | IOM | BEL | NED | SUI | ULS | NAT | | | | |
| 1950 | 350 cc | Norton | 6 | | 4 | 10 | | | | | 9th | 4 |
| 1950 | 500 cc | Norton | 3 | | | 6 | 3 | 8 | | | 6th | 9 |
| 1951 | | | ESP | SUI | IOM | BEL | NED | FRA | ULS | NAT | | |
| 1951 | 350 cc | Norton | | | 2 | 2 | | 4 | 3 | | 3rd | 19 |
| 1951 | 500 cc | Norton | | | Ret | 6 | 4 | | 5 | | 11th | 6 |
# Epi ton deeseon

The epi tōn deēseōn (Ancient Greek: ὁ ἐπὶ τῶν δεήσεων, lit. 'the one in charge of petitions') was a Byzantine office, whose holder was responsible for receiving and answering petitions to the Byzantine emperor and other Byzantine officials.
The office is usually considered by modern scholars, such as J. B. Bury, as the direct continuation of the late Roman magister memoriae, but this identification is not certain. The title is first attested in a 7th-century seal. In the lists of precedence like the Kletorologion of 899, he was counted among the judicial officials (kritai). In the Taktikon Uspensky of c. 842, its holders had the lowly court rank of spatharios, and did not rise above prōtospatharios until the mid-11th century. From the latter half of the 11th century however and during the 12th, the office rose much in importance, with its holders receiving higher titles and being drawn from among the Empire's most senior noble families. The last named holder, George Chatzikes, is attested in 1321, but the office is still mentioned as active decades later by Pseudo-Kodinos.
It is unknown if he had a dedicated staff, or what its composition may have been; it is absent in the Kletorologion, but a seal of a probably subordinate "notary of the petitions" (notarios tōn deēseōn) is known.
Seals also attest to the existence of provincial officials titled epi tōn deēseōn, among others in Sicily and the Peloponnese, as well as for the Patriarch of Constantinople.
# Philostratus the Younger

Philostratus the Younger (Ancient Greek: Φιλόστρατος ὁ Νεώτερος; fl. 3rd century AD), also known as Philostratus of Lemnos, was a Greek sophist of the Roman imperial period. He was author of the second series of Imagines, which does not survive completely; in the preface, he praises his mother's father, who wrote the first series of Imagines; this is presumably the author more commonly referred to as Philostratus of Lemnos, who himself was the son-in-law of the famous sophist Philostratus of Athens. The dating of this work, the only known activity of its author, varies between 250 and 300 AD; if the earlier date is correct, this Philostratus may well be the same man who was archon of Athens in 255 AD.