OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Siege of Novgorod (1170)

The siege of Novgorod (Russian: Осада Новгорода; Belarusian: Аблога Ноўгарада) was a 1169/1170 siege of the city of Veliky Novgorod, capital of the Novgorod Republic, in the aftermath of the Sack of Kiev (1169).

## Background

After the Iziaslavichi grand prince Mstislav II of Kiev had been ousted during the Sack of Kiev in March 1169 by a coalition of Rostislavichi (Smolensk), Yurievichi (Suzdalian), and Olgovichi of Chernigovian) princes, the dethroned grand prince's son Roman Mstislavich, prince of Novgorod, was beleaguered by another Yurievichi army sent from Suzdalia by Andrey Bogolyubsky. Unlike their victory at Kiev, the Suzdalians and their allies suffered a crushing defeat at Novgorodian hands.

## The battle in history

The episode took place in 1169 when Andrei Bogolyubsky, Prince of Vladimir (on the Kliazma), besieged the city. His protégé in Novgorod, Prince Sviatoslav Rostislavich, had left Novgorod in 1167 upon the death of his father (Grand Prince Rostislav Mstislavich, who had also backed his reign in Novgorod). When the new Kievan grand prince, Mstislav Iziaslavich, sent his son, Roman, to be prince of Novgorod, Andrei fought to return Sviatoslav to the Novgorodian throne, sending his army to besiege Novgorod and force them to drive out Roman and take back Sviatoslav.
The Novgorodians delivered a crushing defeat upon the Suzdalians and their allies.
Bogolyubsky was, in fact, able to place his candidate on the Novgorodian throne the following year. The Novgorodians dismissed Sviatoslav in 1170. Bogolyubsky was, by then, the most powerful prince in Kievan Rus'. He had conquered Kiev and placed his candidate, Gleb, on the grand princely throne there. Andrei then remained the most powerful prince in Rus until his assassination in 1174. Thus, while the Novgorodians felt it had been miraculously delivered from Bogolyubsky's clutches in 1169, their policy of independence from him failed, and they gave in to his policies the following year.

## Aftermath

Nevertheless, a subsequent Suzdalian economic blockade of the city prompted the Novgorodians to expel Roman Mstislavich in 1170, after which Andrey selected first Rurik Rostislavich of Smolensk (1170) and then his own son Yury Bogolyubsky of Suzdalia (1171) to become the next princes of Novgorod.
Some time after the siege, a belief sprung up that Novgorod had been miraculously delivered, giving rise to a legend. In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, the episode became the basis for several hagiographic tales in the Russian church, as well as two large icons executed in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries (and now housed respectively in the Novgorod Museum and the Russian Museum in St. Petersburg.)
# Ralph Maddox

Ralph Carlyle "Red" Maddox (September 28, 1908 – November 16, 1944) was an American college football player and U.S. Army captain.

## College football

Maddox was an All-Southern guard for the Georgia Bulldogs of the University of Georgia. The other guard for the team was also nicknamed "Red"–Milton Leathers. Maddox was a member of the 1929 team which defeated Yale at Sanford Stadium. Former Georgia publicist Dan McGill uncovered information that indicated that Maddox had made the International News Service All-America team in 1930. However, this honor had never been recorded in Maddox's lifetime. The 1931 team lost just two games. One to national champion USC and the team which USC beat in the Rose Bowl, Tulane.

## Army

Maddox was a U.S. Army captain who died while serving in World War II.
# Sericomyia bifasciata

Sericomyia bifasciata (Williston, 1887), the Long-nosed Pond Fly, is an uncommon species of syrphid fly. They have been observed from the northeastern part of North America. Hoverflies get their names from the ability to remain nearly motionless while in flight. The adults are also known as flower flies for they are commonly found around and on flowers, from which they get both energy-giving nectar and protein-rich pollen. The larvae in the genus Sericomyia are known as the rat-tailed with a long breathing tube taylored for aquatic environments. The larvae for this species are unknown.

## Diagnostics

Flies rather short pile, not mimicking bumblebee. Yellow face with medial black stripe. Face elongate below eye by more than three-fourth height of eye. Scutellum yellow pilinose. Yellow abdominal bands, two pair in male but 3 pairs in female, finger-like and widely spaced.

## Description

For terms see Morphology of Diptera.

### Size

    Length around 11 mm.

### Head

    There is a central black stripe on the yellow to orange face. The gena are shining black and the distance from the eye to the bottom of the face is more than 3/4th the height of the eye. The antennae are brownish red with an elongated flagellum and a thinly plumose arista. The frons is black above the antennae and above that the black vertex has yellow pile. The eyes are bare, with the male [holoptic]and the female dichoptic. The occiput pile and pollen both yellow.

### Thorax

    The dorsum of thorax is shining black and, thinly pilose. On the inner side of each postpronotoum there is a spot of silvery pollen covered with yellow pile. The scutellum is black and covered with erect yellow pile. Pleurae black with areas of pale yellow pile.

### Wings

    Wings are reddish brownish in front. The base of vein (R2+3) and the middle cross-veins, (r-m and bm-cu) are narrowly clouded with brown. Vein (R4+5) is not curved into the first posterior cell.

### Legs

    The femora are black with yellow to orange apical tips. The tibia are yellow. Basitrarsi yellow, with the remaining tarsomeres black. Coxae are black.

### Abdomen

    The abdomen has a shining black ground color with yellow pile the longest on the anterior sides. Segments 2 and 3 in the male and 2, 3 and 4 in the female have yellow finger shaped bands. The gap between the bands is about equal to the basal width of segment 3 band.
# Lorenzo Quadri

Lorenzo Ettore Quadri (/kvɑːdrɪ/ born 5 November 1974) is a Swiss attorney, publisher and politician. He currently serves as a member of the National Council for the Ticino League since 30 November 2011. He previously served on the Grand Council of Ticino between 2003 and 2011. Since 2008, he also serves on the city council of Lugano.

## Early life and education

Quadri was born on 5 November 1974 in Lugano, Switzerland. He completed the local schools and studied Law at the University of Bern in Bern, Switzerland, where he graduated with a Licentiate degree in 1999.

## Career

In 1999, Quadri became chief editor for the weekly newspaper Il Mattino della Domenica (en. The Sunday Morning). A position he held until 2013. In 2013, he became the CEO of the newspaper.

## Politics

Quadri was elected into Grand Council of Ticino in April 2003, a position he continued to hold until 2011. He was a member on the Justice, political rights, political rights and corrections supervision commission. Since 2008, he is city councilor for Lugano, where he heads the education, welfare and social department.
In the 2011 Swiss federal election, Quadri was elected into the National Council for the Ticino League, succeeding Norman Gobbi.

## Personal life

Quadri is single and resides in Lugano.
# Yahya Kisbi

Yahya Musa Kisbi (born 1949) was the Jordanian Minister of Public Works and Housing. He had served as minister between 2011 and 2022.

## Education

Kisbi holds a Bachelor of Civil Engineering from the Ankara University and a Master of Construction Management from the George Washington University.
# Nashr al-Tib fi Zikr al-Nabi al-Habib

Nashr al-Tib fi Zikr al-Nabi al-Habib (Urdu: نشر الطيب فى ذكر النبى الحبيب) is a biography of Muhammad written by Ashraf Ali Thanwi during 1911–1912, amidst a pandemic outbreak in India. The book consists of 41 chapters and presents Muhammad as a boon for the entire universe. It explores various aspects of his life, teachings, and character, highlighting his impact on humanity.

## Sources

In regards to the sources used in the book, the author himself mentions that while writing Nashr al-Tib fi Zikr al-Nabi al-Habib, he referred to works such as Kutub al-Sitta and Ash-Shama'il al-Muhammadiyya. Additionally, the author drew upon other significant texts like Zad al-Ma'ad, Al-Muwahib al-Ladunniyyah, Sirat books including Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah. Furthermore, the author extensively utilized an Arabic magazine called Shamim al-Habib to the extent that Nashr al-Tib could be considered a translation of its content.

## Translation

In December 1980, the Islamic Foundation Bangladesh published the first Bengali translation of the book titled "Je Fuler Kusbote Sara Jahan Matwara." The translation was done by Muhammad Aminul Islam of Lalbagh Shahi Mosque. The English translator of the book is Muhammad Sajjad Yunus, and it is titled "Remembering The Beloved Prophet (S)."

## Reception

Muhammad Mian Siddique said it encompasses all aspects of Muhammad's life concisely in a simple and smooth writing style avoiding complex language, and that moral conclusions drawn after each topic enhance the book. Abul Khair Kashfaqi said it includes far-reaching hadiths that shed light on Muhammad's virtues, social etiquette, and daily routines.
# Kazem Sarikhani

Kazem Sarikhani (Persian: کاظم ساریخانی, 5 April 1978 – 10 October 2013) was an Iranian judoka. He competed in the Men's 81 kg event at the 2000 Summer Olympics.
# Reem Abu Dalbouh

Reem Abu Dalbouh (Arabic: ريم أبو دلبوح) is a member of the Jordanian House of Representatives for Mafraq's first electoral district, having been elected as part of the national quota for seats held by women.

## Early life and education

Abu Dalbouh (full name Reem Oqleh Nawwash Abu Dalbouh) was born in 1970. She completed her studies in Jordan, earning a bachelor's degree in law, a master's degree in civil law, and a doctorate in civil law. She taught law at a number of Jordanian universities prior to her career in parliament. She has also served on the legal team for the Jordanian National Commission for Women.

## Parliamentary career

Abu Dalbouh was elected to parliament in 2013, 2016, and 2020 as a part of the quota system. She is head of the Jordanian Parliament's Women and Family Affairs Committee and is a member of the women's caucus. In these capacities, she has participated in internationally sponsored events and campaigns on women's participation in economic and public life in Jordan. She has also publicly spoken out against cyber-bullying and its disproportionate impact on women.
She has publicly collaborated with UN Women, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and the International Foundation for Women's Empowerment during her parliamentary career.
# Alexey Tsydenov

Alexey Sambuevich Tsydenov (born March 16, 1976) is a Russian politician who has been the Head of the Republic of Buryatia since 7 February 2017. He is the first ethnic Buryat to lead the republic.
On 7 February 2017, Tsydenov was appointed by President Vladimir Putin as acting Head, and then on 10 September 2017, he was elected by popular vote and sworn in on 22 September 2017.

## Early life and education

Tsydenov was born in Petrovsk-Zabaykalsky, Chita Oblast, Russian SFSR, USSR. His father was Buryat, while his mother was ethnic Russian. He is a graduate of the Far Eastern State University of Communications [ru]. From 1998 to 2001, he worked for the Far Eastern Railway as an accountant, sector chief, and department head. From 2002 to 2004, he was the general director of "Dalneftetrans" LLC, and from 2004 to 2006, he served as the general director of "Far Eastern Transport Group" OJSC.

## Career

Between 2006 and 2009, Tsydenov served as deputy director of the railway policy department at the Ministry of Transport. Following that, he held the position of deputy director at the Department of Industry and Infrastructure until 2012. In 2011, he pursued additional education at the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration.
From December 2011 to May 2012, Tsydenov led the Federal Agency for Railway Transport. Then, from 18 June 2012, to 7 February 2017, he served as Deputy Minister of Transport of the Russian Federation. Additionally, in 2016, he became a member of the board of directors of Russian Railways.
On 7 February 2017, President Vladimir Putin appointed Tsydenov as the acting head of the Republic of Buryatia until the newly elected individual took office.
On 10 September 2017, Tsydenov was elected Head of the Republic of Buryatia with more than 87% of the vote and was inaugurated on 22 September of the same year, marking the first time an ethnic Buryat assumed leadership of the republic.
In response to his involvement in conscripting citizens to fight in Ukraine, Tsydenov was sanctioned by the United States on 24 February 2023, the first anniversary of Russia's invasion of Ukraine.
Tsydenov's official civil service rank is "Active State Counsellor of the Russian Federation, 2nd class adviser," and he declared a total income of 3.3 million rubles for 2015. He is married and has four children.
# Khawla Armouti

Khawla Armouti is a Jordanian politician. She served as Minister of Social Development from 1 June 2016 until 20 June 2018.

## Early life

Khawla Armouti is a graduate of Islamic Scientific College in Amman, Jordan. She did her bachelor's degree in sociology at the University of Jordan. While she was a student she volunteered her time working at charities in Hayy Nazzal, Amman. She worked as the general manager of Ayadi Mudee’a, an organization for training and development based in Sahab district. She is on the board of trustees of the Jordanian Palestinian Brotherhood Society and the Haya Cultural Center. She is the honorary president of Jamasin charity and the Sahab Development Organization. She served in the International Organization for the Support of Arab Students as its vice-president.

## Career

Khawla Armouti was the Jordanian Minister of Social Development. She was appointed to the Minister of Social Development in the first cabinet of Prime Minister Hani Mulki and was kept in the second cabinet on 29 September 2016. On government projects she said that the Ministry of Social Development will protect productive projects that will reduce poverty and increase employment in Jordan on 26 June 2016. She all called for international assistance to Jordan to help deal with the influx of Syrian refugees. She has discussed ways of improving ties between Higher Council for the Affairs of Persons with Disabilities and Social Development Ministry, with Prince Mired the president of the council. On 20 June 2018, Hala Lattouf succeeded her as Minister of Social Development. She is a sponsor of the Jordan River Foundation.
# Tower Mountain (British Columbia)

Tower Mountain is a 2,269-metre (7,444 ft) peak in British Columbia, Canada. Its line parent is Hermitage Peak, 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) away. It is part of the Tower of London Range of the Muskwa Ranges in the Canadian Rockies.
Tower Mountain overlooks the southern end of Wokkpash Lake from the west. It is named after the Tower of London. Other mountains in the area are also named after the tower, including South Bastion Mountain, North Bastion Mountain and The White Tower. These names were given by the Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment) Canadian Rocky Mountains Expedition 1960, a small expedition with members from a regiment based in the Tower of London.
# Conotrachelus recessus

Conotrachelus recessus is a species of true weevil in the beetle family Curculionidae. It is found in North America.
# Ripiphorus

Ripiphorus is a genus of wedge-shaped beetles in the family Ripiphoridae. There are at least 30 described species in Ripiphorus.

## Species

These 34 species belong to the genus Ripiphorus:
* Ripiphorus aurantus Rivnay, 1929$^{icg}$
* Ripiphorus blaisdelli Linsley and MacSwain, 1950$^{icg}$
* Ripiphorus caboverdianus$^g$
* Ripiphorus californicus (LeConte, 1880)$^{icg}$
* Ripiphorus calopterus Rivnay, 1929$^{icg}$
* Ripiphorus columbianus Brown, 1930$^{icg}$
* Ripiphorus dammersi Barber, 1939$^{icg}$
* Ripiphorus diadasiae Linsley & MacSwain, 1950$^{icgb}$
* Ripiphorus epinomiae Linsley & MacSwain, 1950$^{icgb}$
* Ripiphorus eremicola Linsley and MacSwain, 1950$^{icg}$
* Ripiphorus fasciatus (Say, 1823)$^{icg}$
* Ripiphorus flavicornis (Say, 1823)$^{icg}$
* Ripiphorus iridescens Rivnay, 1929$^{icg}$
* Ripiphorus luteipennis LeConte, 1865$^{icg}$
* Ripiphorus minimus (Pierce, 1904)$^{icg}$
* Ripiphorus mutchleri Rivnay, 1929$^{icgb}$
* Ripiphorus neomexicanus Rivnay, 1929$^{icg}$
* Ripiphorus nevadicus (LeConte, 1880)$^{icg}$
* Ripiphorus nomiae Rivnay, 1929$^{icg}$
* Ripiphorus popenoei (LeConte, 1880)$^{icg}$
* Ripiphorus rex$^b$
* Ripiphorus scaber (LeConte, 1852)$^{icg}$
* Ripiphorus schwarzi (LeConte, 1880)$^{icgb}$
* Ripiphorus semiflavus (LeConte, 1865)$^{icg}$
* Ripiphorus sexdens Linsley & MacSwain, 1950$^{icgb}$
* Ripiphorus simplex Champion, 1891$^{icg}$
* Ripiphorus smithi Linsley and MacSwain, 1950$^{icg}$
* Ripiphorus solidaginis (Pierce, 1902)$^{icg}$
* Ripiphorus stylopides (Newman, 1838)$^{icg}$
* Ripiphorus subdipterus Bosc d'Antic, 1792$^g$
* Ripiphorus vierecki (Fall, 1907)$^{icgb}$
* Ripiphorus walshi (LeConte, 1865)$^{icg}$
* Ripiphorus walshii (LeConte, 1865)$^b$
* Ripiphorus zeschii (LeConte, 1880)$^g$
Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net
# Zack

Zack or Zach may refer to:

## People

* Zach (given name), lists of people and fictional characters named Zach
* Zach (surname), various people
* Zack (given name), lists of people and fictional characters named Zack
* Zack (surname), various people
* Záh (gens) or Zách, a gens (clan) in the Kingdom of Hungary

## Places

* Zack, Texas, a formerly populated place
* Zach (crater), on the Moon

## Arts and entertainment

* Zack (play), a 1920 play by Harold Brighouse
* Zack, a novel by William Bell

## Others

* Tropical Storm Zack (1992), a tropical storm that did not make landfall
* Typhoon Zack (1995), a Category 4 typhoon that hit the Philippines and Vietnam
# List of history podcasts

The following is a list of history podcasts.

## List

| Podcast | Year | Starring, Narrator(s), or Host(s) | Produced by |
| 15 Minute History | 2019–present | | Independent |
| 1619 | 2019 | Nikole Hannah-Jones | The New York Times |
| 1865 | 2019–2021 | | Airship and Wondery |
| 30 for 30 | 2017–present | | ESPN |
| The Age Of Napoleon | 2017–present | E.M. Rummage | |
| American History Tellers | 2018–present | Lindsay Graham | Wondery |
| Ancient History Fangirl | | | |
| ArtCurious | | | |
| Atlanta Monster | | | |
| Backstory | 2015–present | Ed Ayers, Brian Balogh, Nathan Connolly and Joanne Freeman | Independent |
| Behind The Bastards | 2018–present | Robert Evans (journalist) | Cool Zone Media |
| Biography | | | |
| Bizarre States | | | |
| Black History Year | | | |
| Bowery Boys | 2008–present | Greg and Tom | Bowery Boys Media |
| The British History Podcast | 2011–present | Jamie Jeffers | |
| Burnt Toast | | | |
| The Cine-Files | | | |
| Cocaine and Rhinestones | 2017–present | Tyler Mahan Coe | Coe Operation |
| Crossfire | | | |
| The Dollop | | | |
| Flashback: History's Unintended Consequences | | | |
| Gastropod | | | |
| Ghost Town | 2018–present | Jason Horton, Rebecca Leib | |
| Hardcore History | 2006–present | Dan Carlin | |
| Historical Figures | | | |
| History Becomes Her | 2020 | | Mashable |
| The History Chicks | 2011–present | Susan Vollenweider and Beckett Graham | Wondery |
| History Extra | 2007–present | | Immediate Media Company |
| The History of American Slavery | | | |
| The History of England | 2010–present | David Crowther | |
| The History of Rome | 2007–2012 | Mike Duncan | |
| A History of the World in 100 Objects | | | |
| History on Fire | | Daniele Bolelli | |
| Lore | | | |
| The Memory Palace | 2008–present | Nate DiMeo | |
| More Perfect | 2016–present | Kai Wright | WNYC Studios |
| Music History Project | 2017-present | Dan Del Fiorentino | NAMM |
| The New York Public Library Podcast | | | |
| Nice Try! | | | |
| Presidential | | | |
| The Rest is History | 2020-present | Tom Holland, Dominic Sandbrook | Goalhanger Podcasts |
| Reverberate | | | |
| Revisionist History | 2016–present | Malcolm Gladwell | Pushkin Industries |
| Revolutions | 2013–Present | Mike Duncan | |
| Ridiculous History | | | |
| Sawbones: A Martial Tour of Misguided Medicine | | | |
| Sidedoor | | | |
| Slow Burn | 2017–present | | Slate |
| The Sneak | 2019–present | Nate Scott | USA Today and Wondery |
| Something True | | | |
| SpyCast | 2006–present | Dr. Andrew Hammond | International Spy Museum |
| Stuff You Missed in History Class | | | |
| This Podcast Will Kill You | | | |
| Throughline | 2019–present | Ramtin Arablouei and Rund Abdelfatah | NPR |
| Tides of History | | Patrick Wyman | |
| To the Best of Our Knowledge | | | |
| Travels Through Time | | | |
| Uncivil | | | |
| You Must Remember This | | | |
| You’re Dead to Me | | | |
| You're Wrong About | | | |
| The Nightingale of Iran | | | |
# Alias Ali

Haji Alias Md Ali (c. 1939 – 10 March 2014) was a Malaysian politician and former news editor of Bernama. He served as an MP for Hulu Terengganu from 1978 to 1995. He was also the former chairman of Agro Bank Malaysia.

## Personal life

Alias Md Ali was born in Kuala Berang, Terengganu. He received a bachelor's degree in creative writing from Iowa State University in the US. In 1950, he was elected the leader of the Hulu Terengganu Umno Youth. In 1960, he was appointed as the vice-chairman of the Terengganu Tengah Development Authority.
In 1957, Alias began his career as a reporter for Berita Harian. He then joined the staff of the Utusan Melayu newspaper, where he became the paper's chief news editor from 1968 to 1970. In 1970, Alias Ali became the chief sub-editor of Bernama's Malaysian language division. He was later promoted to editor of the General News Service of Bernama. He resigned from Bernama in 1978 to enter politics.

## Political career

In 1978, Alias was elected to the Parliament of Malaysia for the Hulu Terengganu constituency as a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO). He defeated his opponent, Mohd Ghazali Ahmad of the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), by 4,370 votes. He was re-elected to Parliament from Hulu Terengganu in the next four general elections. He was appointed as the Deputy Minister of Primary Industries from 1987 to 1990. Alias declined to seek re-election in 1995 and retired from office.

## Death

Alias died from colon cancer at his son's home in Prima Villa, Kemensah Heights, Ampang, on 10 March 2014, at the age of 75. He was survived by his wife, To' Puan Ramlah Datuk Abdul Rahman; two sons; three daughters; and fifteen grandchildren.

## Election Results

Parliament of Malaysia :
| Year | Constituency | Candidate | Votes | Pct | Opponent(s) | Votes | Pct | Ballots cast | Majority | Turnout |
| 1978 | P030 Ulu Trengganu | Alias Md Ali (UMNO) | 12,001 | 61.13% | Mohamed Ghazali Ahmad (PAS) | 7,631 | 38.87% | | 4,370 | |
| 1982 | P030 Ulu Trengganu | Alias Md Ali (UMNO) | 12,771 | 55.29% | Ahmad Awang (PAS) | 10,329 | 44.71% | 24,318 | 2,442 | 83.90% |
| 1986 | P035 Hulu Terengganu | Alias Md Ali (UMNO) | 14,291 | 60.69% | Kasim Ahmad (PAS) | 9,255 | 39.31% | 24,330 | 5,036 | 84.07% |
| 1990 | P035 Hulu Terengganu | Alias Md Ali (UMNO) | 15,443 | 54.43% | Harun Taib (PAS) | 12,931 | 45.47% | 29,086 | 2,512 | 86.72% |

## Honours
### Honours of Malaysia

* Malaysia :
** Companion of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia (JSM) (1991)
* Terengganu :
** Knight Commander of the Order of the Crown of Terengganu (DPMT) – Dato' (1988)

## Books

* Gersang, (1964)
* Krisis, (1966)
* Selasih Ku Sayang, (1967)
* Kalau Berpaut Di Dahan Rapuh, (1967)
* Adat Muda Menanggung Rindu, (1971)
# Vicente Almeida d'Eça

Vice-Admiral Vicente Manuel de Moura Coutinho de Almeida d'Eça (31 July 1918 – 13 October 2018) was a Portuguese colonial administrator who served as the last Governor of Portuguese Cape Verde in 1974, and then its High Commissioner from December 1974 until its independence from Portugal in July 1975. Almeida turned 100 in July 2018 and died three months later.