OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 48th meridian east

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The meridian 48° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Europe, Asia, Africa, the Indian Ocean, Madagascar, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.
The 48th meridian east forms a great circle with the 132nd meridian west.

## From Pole to Pole

Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 48th meridian east passes through:
    Co-ordinates Country, territory or sea Notes 90°0′N 48°0′E﻿ / ﻿90.000°N 48.000°E﻿ / 90.000; 48.000﻿ (Arctic Ocean) Arctic Ocean 80°48′N 48°0′E﻿ / ﻿80.800°N 48.000°E﻿ / 80.800; 48.000﻿ (Russia)  Russia Island of Alexandra Land, Franz Josef Land 80°43′N 48°0′E﻿ / ﻿80.717°N 48.000°E﻿ / 80.717; 48.000﻿ (Barents Sea) Barents Sea Cambridge Channel 80°32′N 48°0′E﻿ / ﻿80.533°N 48.000°E﻿ / 80.533; 48.000﻿ (Russia)  Russia Island of Zemlya Georga, Franz Josef Land 80°4′N 48°0′E﻿ / ﻿80.067°N 48.000°E﻿ / 80.067; 48.000﻿ (Barents Sea) Barents Sea Passing just west of the island of Kolguyev, Russia 67°38′N 48°0′E﻿ / ﻿67.633°N 48.000°E﻿ / 67.633; 48.000﻿ (Russia)  Russia 50°9′N 48°0′E﻿ / ﻿50.150°N 48.000°E﻿ / 50.150; 48.000﻿ (Kazakhstan)  Kazakhstan 47°46′N 48°0′E﻿ / ﻿47.767°N 48.000°E﻿ / 47.767; 48.000﻿ (Russia)  Russia Passes through the center of the city of Astrakhan, Russia 45°42′N 48°0′E﻿ / ﻿45.700°N 48.000°E﻿ / 45.700; 48.000﻿ (Caspian Sea) Caspian Sea 42°24′N 48°0′E﻿ / ﻿42.400°N 48.000°E﻿ / 42.400; 48.000﻿ (Russia)  Russia 41°24′N 48°0′E﻿ / ﻿41.400°N 48.000°E﻿ / 41.400; 48.000﻿ (Azerbaijan)  Azerbaijan 39°41′N 48°0′E﻿ / ﻿39.683°N 48.000°E﻿ / 39.683; 48.000﻿ (Iran)  Iran 31°0′N 48°0′E﻿ / ﻿31.000°N 48.000°E﻿ / 31.000; 48.000﻿ (Iraq)  Iraq The meridian runs parallel to the border with Iran, which is about 3km to the east 30°0′N 48°0′E﻿ / ﻿30.000°N 48.000°E﻿ / 30.000; 48.000﻿ (Kuwait)  Kuwait 29°34′N 48°0′E﻿ / ﻿29.567°N 48.000°E﻿ / 29.567; 48.000﻿ (Persian Gulf) Persian Gulf Kuwait Bay 29°23′N 48°0′E﻿ / ﻿29.383°N 48.000°E﻿ / 29.383; 48.000﻿ (Kuwait)  Kuwait Passing through Kuwait City 28°32′N 48°0′E﻿ / ﻿28.533°N 48.000°E﻿ / 28.533; 48.000﻿ (Saudi Arabia)  Saudi Arabia 17°51′N 48°0′E﻿ / ﻿17.850°N 48.000°E﻿ / 17.850; 48.000﻿ (Yemen)  Yemen 14°3′N 48°0′E﻿ / ﻿14.050°N 48.000°E﻿ / 14.050; 48.000﻿ (Indian Ocean) Indian Ocean Gulf of Aden 11°7′N 48°0′E﻿ / ﻿11.117°N 48.000°E﻿ / 11.117; 48.000﻿ (Somalia)  Somalia 4°31′N 48°0′E﻿ / ﻿4.517°N 48.000°E﻿ / 4.517; 48.000﻿ (Indian Ocean) Indian Ocean Passing just east of Astove Island, Seychelles 13°32′S 48°0′E﻿ / ﻿13.533°S 48.000°E﻿ / -13.533; 48.000﻿ (Madagascar)  Madagascar 22°12′S 48°0′E﻿ / ﻿22.200°S 48.000°E﻿ / -22.200; 48.000﻿ (Indian Ocean) Indian Ocean 60°0′S 48°0′E﻿ / ﻿60.000°S 48.000°E﻿ / -60.000; 48.000﻿ (Southern Ocean) Southern Ocean 67°17′S 48°0′E﻿ / ﻿67.283°S 48.000°E﻿ / -67.283; 48.000﻿ (Antarctica) Antarctica Australian Antarctic Territory, claimed by Australia
# Frederick Thomas Lines

Frederick Thomas Lines (26 July 1808 – 10 April 1898) was an English portrait painter in addition to experimenting in studies from nature and landscape. Lines was known to be a master of the medium of watercolour.
Lines was the youngest son of Samuel Lines (1778–1863) and so a brother to Samuel Rostill Lines and Henry Harris Lines. He was born in 1808 but not baptised till age 30.
He was tutored in drawing by his father. Lines travelled to London to train as a portraitist with artist Richard Evans (1784–1871), who was employed as an assistant to work in the studio of Sir Thomas Lawrence (1769–1830).
Lines taught drawing at Edwin Hill's Bruce Castle School in Tottenham and later returned to Birmingham to assist his father in his academy of arts.
Lines frequently exhibited at the Royal Society of Arts, in addition to the Royal Academy in London and the Birmingham Society of Arts (now known as the Royal Birmingham Society of Artists ), joining in 1837.
He was married to Sarah Breedon Butler, and they had two children, Frances Elizabeth and Frederick Joseph Butler Lines, the latter of whom also showed artistic talent like his father. The family lived in Handsworth, then in Staffordshire.
# Murat Alyüz

Murat Alyüz (1920 – 30 May 2006) was a Turkish footballer. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1948 Summer Olympics.
# Mustafa Altıntaş

Mustafa Altıntaş (1 January 1939 – 10 November 2010), otherwise known as Mustafa Köylü, was a Turkish footballer who played for Bursaspor and Kocaelispor.

## Death

Mustafa died of cancer in Kartepe, Turkey on 10 November 2010.

## Personal life

Mustafa's sons Yusuf Altıntaş and Yaşar Altıntaş, and his grandson Batuhan Altıntaş all have played professional football in the Turkish Süper Lig.
# Murat Öztürk (footballer)

Murat Öztürk (born 5 December 1969 in Sivas) is a Turkish football coach and former goalkeeper. He started his professional football career with Gençlerbirliği. He is currently the Goalkeeper Coach of İstanbul Başakşehir.
He earned a goalkeeper coaching licence in 2003. He has been working for İstanbul Başakşehir since 1 February 2021.
# Müjdat Yetkiner

Müjdat Yetkiner (born 16 November 1961) is a former professional footballer who played as a defender or midfielder. He is the most capped Turkish player in the history of Fenerbahçe with 763 caps. He played the positions of sweeper, defender, fullback, defensive midfielder, midfielder, winger and attacking midfielder. He also played as a forward several times. As a player, he was a favourite with fans.

## Career

Born in Istanbul, Yetkiner played for Fenerbahçe between 1980 and 1995, being capped 429 times in Turkish League history, scored 23 goals and winning the Turkish League title three times (1982–83, 1983–84 and 1988–89). He was shown 44 yellow and 5 red cards. He was called up to play for the Turkey national team 26 times at the professional level, 10 times for Turkey U21 and six times for Turkey U18. He continued his career as the manager of Fenerbahçe's youth team after he retired from football in 1995.

## Honours

* Turkish Football League: 1982–83, 1984–85, 1988–89
* Turkish Cup: 1982–83
* Presidents Cup: 1984, 1985, 1990
* Chancellor Cup: 1988–89, 1992–93
* TSYD Cup:1980–81, 1982–83, 1985–86, 1986–87, 1994–95
* Fleet Cup: 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985
# Nazmi Bilge

Nazmi Bilge (3 December 1910 – 16 April 1989) was a Turkish football player and manager. He spent most of his career at Beşiktaş, where he was captain and achieved his greatest success.

## Career

At Beşiktaş he scored a total of 158 goals in all competitions, including the Istanbul Football League, Turkish National Division, Turkish Federation Cup, and Süper Lig. He was the leading goalscorer in the 1956–57 season of the Federation Cup and is known for having scored the first goal of Beşiktaş in the Süper Lig.

## Honours
### Club

* Turkish Federation Cup: 1956–57, 1957–58
* Millî Lig: 1959–60

### Individual

* Turkish Federation Cup top scorer: 1956–57
* Milliyet Athlete of the Year: 1959
# Necmi Onarıcı

Necmi Onarıcı (2 November 1925 – 21 August 1968) was a Turkish football forward who played for Turkey in the 1954 FIFA World Cup. He also played for Adalet SK Istanbul.
# Numan Okumuş

Numan Okumuş (born 2 November 1939) is a Turkish footballer. He played in two matches for the Turkey national football team in 1965.
# Nur Mustafa Gülen

Nur Mustafa Gülen (born July 26, 1960) is a Turkish football coach and former footballer. Currently he is the head coach of the Turkey women's national football team.

## Career

Born in Istanbul on July 26, 1960, Gülen studied physical education and sports at Marmara University, graduating in 1985.
He played football in Turkish amateur and professional leagues. He was member of Beşiktaş (1980–1981), Sarıyerspor (1982–1983), Sakaryaspor (1986–1987) and Çaykur Rizespor (1987–1989) playing in the Süper Lig..
In 1996, he went to Italy and joined a technical director training program in Rome. He was appointed head coach of the Italian second-league women's team Lazio (women) in 1999. After one season, he returned home, and became assistant coach to Nevio Scala at Beşiktaş (2000–2001). Gülen served as assistant to Ziya Doğan at Kombassan Konyaspor (2001) and at Malatyaspor (2001–2002). Later, he was Feyyaz Uçar's assistant at Karşıyaka S.K. (2003–2004), at Malatyaspor (2004–2006) and again at Karşıyaka S.K. (2005–2006). Following a season as assistant to Walter Zenga at Gaziantepspor (2006–2007), Gülen became head coach serving at TFF Third League team Yeni Burdur Gençlikspor (2007–2008). Nur Mustafa Gülen was appointed coach to Turkey women's national team, serving as assistant and head coach at senior, U19, U17, and U15 teams.
# Orhan Altan

Orhan Altan (4 January 1934 – February 2007) was a Turkish athlete. He competed in the men's pole vault at the 1960 Summer Olympics.
# Remzi Öztürk

Remzi Öztürk (born 2 May 1964) is a Turkish wrestler. He competed in the men's Greco-Roman 52 kg at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
# Sabri Dino

Sabri Dino (1 January 1942 – 14 January 1990) was a Turkish professional footballer. During his career, he prominently played for Beşiktaş J.K. and he also represented Turkey at international level. Spent 11 seasons at Beşiktaş until his retirement, Sabri Dino was a decorated player, winning titles of 1. Lig twice, Turkish Cup and President Cup once.

## Club career

Sabri Dino started his career at age of 14 at Tarabya S.K. in Tarabya, Istanbul. After Tarabyaspor, he had respective spells Galatasaray youth division and Denizgücü Spor Kulübü where he rose to fame before he enrolled for mandatory duty at Army. Fulfilled his duty, he joined Beyoğluspor at 1963–64 season.
Following the departure of Özcan Arkoç to Austria Wien in 1964, Beşiktaş signed Dino following a transfer contention with Fenerbahçe. Initially, becoming a rotational keeper behind the first choice keeper Necmi Mutlu, Dino became a regular keeper by 1967–68 season.
On 13 August 1980, arbitrated by World Cup referee Doğan Babacan, Dino's testimonial was held between Beşiktaş and Galatasaray in which he was replaced by Mete Bozkurt on 10th minute where game ended 1–1, eventually.

## International career

Represented Turkey total of 19 times at different age categories, Dino capped for Turkey 12 times at senior level between 1969 and 1975.

## Style of play

Dino is described as a "modern goalkeeper" with skills of aerial ability, positioning and anticipation.

## Personal life

Sabri Dino is nephew of renowned Turkish painter Abidin Dino. He attended Deutsche Schule Istanbul in Beyoğlu for high school education.
Following his retirement, he entered in textile business in men's clothing. However, his business suffered exchange rate fluctuations and he eventually bankrupted. Following reported economical challenges, Sabri Dino committed suicide at Beylerbeyi abutment of Boğaziçi Bridge on 14 January 1990, Sunday. He was married with Meral Dino, with two sons, Murat and Cem.
Dino was also a member of Executive Committee of Turkish Football Federation in 1986, during presidency Erdenay Oflaz.
Turkish author Sunay Akın dedicated his 2018-released goalkeepers-related book Kalede 1 Başına to Sabri Dino.

## Honours

Beşiktaş
* 1. Lig: 1965–66, 1966–67
* Turkish Cup: 1974–75
* President Cup:
* TSYD Cup: 1966, 1972
Turkey
* RCD Cup: 1969, 1974
Individual
* Beşiktaş J.K. Squads of Century (Golden Team)
# Sefer Baygın

Sefer Baygin (born 6 February 1942) is a Turkish wrestler who won the 1972 European Wrestling Championships. and competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics.
1969 European Wrestling Championships
1971 Mediterranean Games Champion
# Sercan Görgülü

Sercan Görgülü (born 5 December 1960) is a Turkish former footballer who played as a forward.

## Career

Görgülü began playing youth football for Muğlaspor in 1977. He transferred to Boluspor in 1980 and became a professional. He transferred to Zonguldakspor in 1983 and Sarıyer in 1985. He transferred to Fenerbahçe during the winter break of the 1990–91 season, but he did not succeed at Fenerbahçe and returned to Sarıyer during the winter break of the 1991–92 season. He transferred to Marmarisspor in 1995 and aimed promotion of her team to Second League in 1996–97 season. He transferred to Alibeyköyspor, who was an amateur team in İstanbul. He was also coach of her. He retired from football after Alibeyköyspor's promotion to old Third League in 1998–99 season.
He played twice for Turkey, twice for Turkey U21 and twice for Turkish Olympic Team.
# Tanju Çolak

Tanju Çolak (born 10 November 1963) is a Turkish former professional footballer who played as a forward.

## Club career

Born in Samsun, Çolak made his debut for Samsun Yolspor. From there he was transferred to Samsunspor in 1981 where he was top scorer in both the 1985–86 and 1986–87 seasons. Çolak then moved to Galatasaray at the end of 1986–87 season. He was the top scorer in Europe with 39 goals in the 1987–88 season. At the same time, he was awarded the European Golden Boot given by France Football. He is the only Turkish footballer to date to win this award. Çolak became the top scorer again in the 1991–92 season, and transferred to Fenerbahçe at the end of the season.
He had a lifetime total of 240 goals and took over the title of top goal scorer in the Turkish Super League by breaking the legendary record of Metin Oktay. He scored the most goal with 240 goals in only nine seasons, which were 1982–83 and between the 1985–93 seasons. His record was broken by Hakan Şükür in 2007–08 season after 17 seasons.

## International career

Çolak played for the Turkey national team, where he was capped 31 time, scoring 9 goals.

## Personal life

Tanju's younger brother, Yücel Çolak also was a professional footballer.
In January 1994, he began a prison sentence of four years and eight months for illegally smuggling a Mercedes-Benz car into Ankara.
He was deputy candidate of Beylikdüzü municipality for Nationalist Movement Party (Turkish: Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi, abbreviated MHP) in 2009, but wasn't elected.
He was a Justice and Development Party (Turkish: Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, abbreviated AKP) candidate to the Turkish Parliament elections which was held in 12 June, 2011

## Honours

Galatasaray
* Süper Lig: 1987–88
* Turkish Cup: 1990–91
* Turkish Super Cup: 1988
Individual
* Gol Kralı: 1985–86, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1990–91, 1992–93
* European Golden Boot: 1987–88
* IFFHS Legends

## Other career achievements

* Lifetime goal total (240 in 252 matches) which was a Turkish league record for highest goals scored by a single player in the league. On 3 September 2007, this record was broken by Hakan Şükür.
* Most goals in a season (39 in 1987–1988 at Galatasaray);
* Most goals in a match (6 in 1992–1993 at Fenerbahçe);
* 5 times top league scorer (1985–1986, 1986–1987, at Samsunspor – 1987–1988, 1990–1991 at Galatasaray – 1992–1993 at Fenerbahçe);
* European top scorer 3rd place (33 goals in 1985–1986 at Samsunspor);
* European top scorer 1st place (39 goals in 1987–1988 at Galatasaray);
* European top scorer 2nd place (31 goals in 1990–1991 at Galatasaray).
# Vedat Okyar

Vedat Okyar (August 1945 – 20 July 2009) was a Turkish international footballer who later became a sports journalist.

## Early life

Vedat Okyar was born in Bursa August 1945. He played amateur football for Yücespor and Adaletspor before becoming a professional in 1965.

## Career
### Football career

Okyar played professionally as a midfielder for Bursaspor, Beşiktaş, Diyarbakırspor and Karagümrük. He was club captain of Beşiktaş between 1975 and 1976, and he also earned thirty-three caps for the Turkey national team.

### Journalism career

After retiring as a professional footballer at age 42, Okyar became a sports journalist.

## Death

Okyar died of colorectal cancer in an Istanbul hospital on 20 July 2009, aged 64. Following the religious funeral service at Teşvikiye Mosque, he was laid to rest at the Zincirlikuyu Cemetery.

## Individual

* Beşiktaş J.K. Squads of Century (Silver Team)
# Family Legal Care

Family Legal Care (formerly Legal Information for Families Today) is a non-profit organization that provides legal information and advice to unrepresented litigants so that they can successfully self-advocate in New York State Family Courts.

## History

Family Legal Care was launched in 1996, when three lawyers established "go-to" locations in New York City's Family Courts that provided on-the-spot help and legal information for vulnerable families struggling to make their way through the City's complex Family Court system. Before Family Legal Care, there was no source of information or guidance for families in the City's Family Courts, and the type of on-the-spot service Family Legal Care offered was immediately in-demand and has served as the foundation for their programmatic growth throughout the organization's history.

## Awards

Family Legal Care has been recognized for the following awards:
* 2009: Family Legal Care was a finalist for the New York Times Company Nonprofit Excellence Award, given to the nonprofit that best exhibits excellence in management and that plays a critical role in enriching and improving the lives of people in New York City.
* 2009: Family Legal Care received the Thom A. Fluellen Award from the NYU Community Fund, which recognizes an outstanding organization that demonstrates tireless efforts in the community.
* 2008: Family Legal Care received The Samuel J. Duboff Memorial Award from the Fund for Modern Courts. The award recognizes non-lawyers who make extraordinary contributions toward improving the quality of justice in New York State.
* 2005: Family Legal Care's Family Court-based Education & Information Sites were recognized as an "exemplary" court program by the Association of Family and Conciliation Courts.
# Yücel Çolak

Yücel Çolak (born 13 November 1968 in Samsun) is a Turkish football manager, and a retired footballer who played as a forward in the Turkish Süper Lig, as well as the lower divisions of Turkey.

## Professional career

A journeyman striker, Yücel began his career in his hometown of Samsun representing Samsunspor. He very briefly transferred to Galatasaray and made one appearance for them at the TSYD Cup on 12 August 1990. Prolific in the lower divisions, Yücel was top scorer with Mersin İdmanyurdu in the 1991–1992 season of the TFF Second League.

## Personal life

Yücel is the brother of the footballer Tanju Çolak.
# Yılmaz Şen

Yılmaz Şen (1943 in Istanbul – 14 July 1992 in Istanbul) was a Turkish footballer who played as a defender for Fenerbahçe. He was famous as Gilette by his strong ability. He started his career with İstanbulspor where he played between 1962 and 1965 and then transferred to Fenerbahçe. He played there for ten years between 1965 and 1976. He played 18 matches for the Turkey national team.
# İsmail Kurt

İsmail Kurt (1 January 1934 – 27 February 2017) was a Turkish football player, who played as a defender, and manager. Kurt was best known for his stints with rivals Galatasaray and Fenerbahçe, and with the latter he won three Süper Lig titles.

## Personal life

İsmail is the brother of the footballer Metin Kurt.

## Death

Kurt died on 27 February 2017 and had a ceremony arranged by Fenerbahçe.

## Honours

Galatasaray
* Istanbul Football League: 1957–58
Fenerbahçe
* Süper Lig: 1961–1962, 1963–64, 1964–65
# İsmail Temiz

İsmail Temiz (born 8 January 1954) is a Turkish former wrestler who competed in the 1976 Summer Olympics and in the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# Christian Hamburger

Christian Hamburger (19 February 1904 – 6 October 1992) was a Danish endocrinologist. He worked in Copenhagen and was the doctor responsible for Christine Jorgensen's sex reassignment, and she would choose her name in honor of him.

## Career

Hamburger was born into a wealthy Copenhagen family in 1904; his father was a physician.$^{:74}$ He completed his medical training in Copenhagen from 1928 to 1932. He began working in the field of endocrinology in 1930, and after completing a doctoral thesis in 1933, he became head of the Hormone Department of Statens Serum Institut, a medical research institute. In 1936, he studied in New York for six months with a scholarship from the Rockefeller Foundation. He co-founded the Danish Society for Endocrinology in 1947 and was the society's chairman from its foundation until 1972. When Acta Endocrinologica (now the European Journal of Endocrinology), the official publication of the European Society of Endocrinology, was established in 1948, Hamburger was appointed an associate editor; he was chief editor of the journal from 1960 until his retirement in 1973.
Hamburger's early research was focused on gonadotropins. He was the first to show that the urine of castrated males contains follicle-stimulating hormone. His doctoral thesis showed that the gonadotropin hormone present in the urine of pregnant women is produced by chorionic tissue rather than the pituitary gland; he thus named the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin. His later research covered topics including androgen hormones, 17-ketosteroids, antigonadotropins, and methods for administering sex hormones.
Hamburger received international attention in 1952 after treating Christine Jorgensen, an American transgender woman who wanted a male-to-female sex reassignment. Under Hamburger's care, Jorgensen was given estrogen hormone replacement therapy and underwent a penectomy and orchidectomy. Hamburger felt that it was unethical to deny medical treatment to transgender women in order to make their lives "as tolerable as possible". He believed that psychotherapy was futile in these patients. Gordene Olga MacKenzie, the author of the 1994 book Transgender Nation, referred to Hamburger and Harry Benjamin as "the two pioneering figures most responsible for the creation of modern clinical transsexual ideology". She claimed that the Jorgensen case provided the model for contemporary treatment of transgender people in the United States. Richard F. Docter, who authored a 2013 biography of Jorgensen, wrote of Hamburger: "He is seldom credited with being the inventor of the modern protocol for transsexualism, but he was."$^{:90}$
# Şekip Engineri

Şekip Engineri (1902 – 12 January 1979) was a Turkish sprinter. He competed in the men's 100 metres event at the 1924 Summer Olympics. He was also a prominent politician, Member of Parliament, and a member of the CHP.