OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Oliver Piper

Oliver Piper (1884–1933) was a rugby union international who represented Ireland from 1909 to 1910.

## Early life

Oliver Piper was born on 13 January 1884 in Neath. He was the son of Oliver Stephen Southwell Piper (born 1855), a prominent figure in the British shipbuilding industry, and his wife Ann (born 1851). Both Piper's parents were English and Oliver spent much of his early life in England and Wales. He was one of six children, though two siblings died before adulthood. In 1898, when the docks at Passage West, Cork, were bought by the Jacobs brothers, Oliver Piper's father Oliver Piper senior was brought over as managing partner of the firm, then called the Channel Dry Docks Shipbuilding and Engineering Company Limited. After two years Piper moved into Glenbrook House, Cork.

## Career

Oliver Piper senior eventually bought the company he had been directing and re-established the concern as the Queenstown Dry Docks Shipbuilding and Engineering Co. Ltd and in so doing revived its fortunes. His efforts in bringing Winston Churchill, then the First Lord of the Admiralty, on a guided tour of the Royal Victoria Dockyard when he came to view Cork Harbour in the summer of 1912 did not result in as much Admiralty work as hoped, although there were many ships needing repair. Early in 1917, the company was sold to Furness, Withy and Co. Ltd. and a new limited company, the Queenstown Dry Docks Shipbuilding and Engineering Co. Ltd., was formed. Oliver Piper junior was appointed managing director and by the end of 1917, some 800 workers were employed at Passage and Rushbrooke. By August 1919, the Albert Dry Dock had been extended into the river. However, by 29 December 1930, it was proposed to wind up the Queenstown Dry Docks Shipbuilding and Engineering Co. Ltd. and the concern was put in the hands of a liquidator.

## Rugby union career

It was noted by The Scottish Referee of 1 March 1909, covering the Scotland – Ireland match that Piper began his rugby career in Scotland. He first played for Partickhill RFC before playing for Bearsden RFC. A previous edition of 1908, mentioned that Bearsden had lost Piper as he had returned to Cork. They noted that Piper was a fine scrummager.
Piper made his international debut on 13 February 1909 at Lansdowne Road in the Ireland vs England match. Of the 8 matches he played for his national side he was on the winning side on 2 occasions. He played his final match for Ireland on 28 March 1910 against France at Parc des Princes. He was selected for the British & Irish Lions and played on 6 August 1910 at Ellis Park in their match against South Africa.
# Drujegang Gewog

Drujegang Gewog is a gewog (village block) of Dagana District, Bhutan. Drukgyegang is one of the villages of the district.
Jurmi Wangchuk is a Bhutanese politician who has been a member of the National Assembly of Bhutan, since October 2018.
# Dekiling Gewog

Dekiling Gewog (Dzongkha: བདེ་སྐྱིད་གླིང་) is a gewog (village block) of Sarpang District, Bhutan.
# Darkar Gewog

Darkar Gewog (Dzongkha: དར་དཀར་), formerly known as Daga, is a gewog (village block) of Wangdue Phodrang District, Bhutan.
# Phobji Gewog

Phobji Gewog (Dzongkha: ཕོབ་སྦྱིས་) is a gewog (village block) of Wangdue Phodrang District, Bhutan. The Gewog is located in the east-central part of the Wangdue Phodrang Dzongkhag.
# Gasetsho Om Gewog

Gasetsho Wom Gewog (Dzongkha: དགའ་སེང་ཆོ་འོགམ་) is a gewog (village block) of Wangdue Phodrang District, Bhutan.
# Gasetsho Gom Gewog

Gasetsho Gom Gewog (Dzongkha: དགའ་སེང་ཚོ་གོངམ་) is a gewog (village block) of Wangdue Phodrang District, Bhutan.
# DNA laddering

DNA laddering is a feature that can be observed when DNA fragments, resulting from Apoptosis DNA fragmentation are visualized after separation by gel electrophoresis the first described in 1980 by Andrew Wyllie at the University Edinburgh medical school DNA fragments can also be detected in cells that underwent necrosis, but when these DNA fragments after separation are subjected to gel electrophoresis no clear "ladder" pattern is apparent.

## DNA degradation

DNA laddering is a distinctive feature of DNA degraded by caspase-activated DNase (CAD), which is a key event during apoptosis. CAD cleaves genomic DNA at internucleosomal linker regions, resulting in DNA fragments that are multiples of 180–185 base-pairs in length. Separation of the fragments by agarose gel electrophoresis and subsequent visualization, for example by ethidium bromide staining, results in a characteristic "ladder" pattern. A simple method of selective extraction of fragmented DNA from apoptotic cells without the presence of high molecular weight DNA sections, generating the laddering pattern, utilizes pretreatment of cells in ethanol.

## Apoptosis and necrosis

While most of the morphological features of apoptotic cells are short-lived, DNA laddering can be used as final state read-out method and has therefore become a reliable method to distinguish apoptosis from necrosis. DNA laddering can also be used to see if cells underwent apoptosis in the presence of a virus. This is useful because it can help determine the effects a virus has on a cell.
DNA laddering can only be used to detect apoptosis during the later stages of apoptosis. This is due to DNA fragmentation taking place in a later stage of the apoptosis process. DNA laddering is used to test for apoptosis of many cells, and is not accurate at testing for only a few cells that committed apoptosis. To enhance the accuracy in testing for apoptosis, other assays are used along with DNA laddering such as TEM and TUNEL. With recent improvements to DNA laddering, DNA laddering has become a more reliable, and reasonable technique to use when detecting apoptosis. It is also important to note that DNA laddering occurs differently depending on the type of cell, so there may be slight changes in the process of DNA laddering depending on the cell that is being investigated.
# Abashevo, Yaroslavl Oblast

Abashevo (Russian: Абашево) is a rural locality (a village) in Blagoveschenskoye Rural Settlement of Bolsheselsky District, Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia. The population was 22 as of 2007.

## Geography

Abashevo is located 16 km north of Bolshoye Selo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Medvedevo is the nearest rural locality.
# Kusunovo

Kusunovo (Russian: Кусуново) is a rural locality (a selo) in Vladimir, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 64 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

## Geography

Kusunovo is located 12 km southeast of Vladimir. Uvarovo is the nearest rural locality.
# The Masked Singer (German TV series) season 8

The eighth season of the German singing competition The Masked Singer premiered on 1 April 2023 on ProSieben.

## Panelists and host

TV Presenter Ruth Moschner returned for her seventh season, and Rea Garvey for his fifth season as panelists. Matthias Opdenhövel returned for his eighth season as host.
As in previous seasons, a spin-off show named The Masked Singer - red. Special aired after each live episode.

### Guest panelists

Various guest panelists appeared as the third judge in the judging panel for one episode. These guest panelists included:
| Episode | Guest Panelist | Notability |
| 1 | Wincent Weiss | Singer |
| 2 | Rick Kavanian | Actor/Comedian |
| 3 | Carolin Kebekus | Comedian |
| 4 | Beatrice Egli | Musician/Singer |
| 5 | Sarah Engels | Singer |
| 6 | Daniel Donskoy, Bürger Lars Dietrich | Actor, Musician/Comedian |

## Contestants

The season features 9 contestants.
Results :
| Stage name | Celebrity | Notability | Live Episodes | Live Episodes | Live Episodes | Live Episodes | Live Episodes | Live Episodes | Live Episodes | Live Episodes |
| Stage name | Celebrity | Notability | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Stage name | Celebrity | Notability | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | A | B | C |
| Schuhaschnabel "Shoebill" | Luca Hänni | Singer | WIN | WIN | WIN | WIN | WIN | SAFE | SAFE | WINNER |
| Igel "Hedgehog" | Felicitas Woll | Actress | WIN | RISK | RISK | WIN | WIN | SAFE | SAFE | RUNNER-UP |
| Mystica | Patricia Kelly | Singer | WIN | WIN | WIN | WIN | RISK | SAFE | THIRD | |
| Frotteefant "Terrycloth Elephant" | Melissa Khalaj | TV Presenter | WIN | WIN | RISK | RISK | RISK | OUT | | |
| Toast | Inka Bause | TV Presenter | WIN | WIN | RISK | RISK | OUT | | | |
| Seepferdchen "Seahorse" | Anna Loos | Actress | RISK | RISK | WIN | OUT | | | | |
| Pilz "Mushroom" | Marianne Rosenberg | Singer | RISK | RISK | OUT | | | | | |
| Waschbär "Raccoon" | Daniel Boschmann | TV Presenter | WIN | OUT | | | | | | |
| Känguru "Kangaroo" | Jan Josef Liefers | Actor | OUT | | | | | | | |

## Episodes
### Week 6 (May 6) - Final

* Group number: "Shut Up and Dance" by Walk the Moon

#### Round Three
## Reception
### Ratings

| Episode | Original airdate | Timeslot | Viewers (in millions) | Viewers (in millions) | Share (in %) | Share (in %) | Source |
| Episode | Original airdate | Timeslot | Household | Adults 14-49 | Household | Adults 14-49 | Source |
| 1 | 1 April 2023 (2023-04-01) | Saturday 8:15 pm | 2.14 | 0.96 | 8.8 | 17.9 | |
| 2 | 8 April 2023 (2023-04-08) | Saturday 8:15 pm | 1.97 | 0.87 | 8.4 | 16.8 | |
| 3 | 15 April 2023 (2023-04-15) | Saturday 8:15 pm | 2.08 | 0.94 | 8.6 | 17.2 | |
| 4 | 22 April 2023 (2023-04-22) | Saturday 8:15 pm | 2.02 | 0.92 | 8.9 | 18.7 | |
| 5 | 29 April 2023 (2023-04-29) | Saturday 8:15 pm | 1.81 | 0.82 | 8.0 | 16.5 | |
| 6 | 6 May 2023 (2023-05-06) | Saturday 8:15 pm | 2.00 | 0.78 | 9.4 | 16.8 | |
| Average | Average | Average | 2.00 | 0.88 | 8.7 | 17.3 | |
# Abramovo, Vladimir Oblast

Abramovo (Russian: Абрамово) is a rural locality (a village) in Denyatinskoye Rural Settlement of Melenkovsky_District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 1 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Abramovo is located 33 km north of Melenki (the district's administrative centre) by road. Novo-Barsukovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Abakanovo, Tver Oblast

Abakanovo (Russian: Абака́ново) is a rural locality (a village) in Toropatskoye Rural Settlement of Andreapolsky District, Russia. The population was 1 as of 2010.

## Geography

Abakanovo is located 23 km northwest of Andreapol (the district's administrative centre) by road. Antanovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Johnny Rommel

Johnny Rommel is an Indian canoeing athlete who had won the bronze medal in men's C-2 1000M at the 1994 Asian Games.
# Baltay

Baltay (Russian: Балта́й) is a rural locality and the administrative center of Baltaysky District of Saratov Oblast, Russia. Population: 3,873 (2010 Census); 3,989 (2002 Census); 3,275 (1989 Soviet census).
# Sven Hansson

Sven Hansson (March 16, 1912 – July 14, 1971) was a Swedish cross-country skier who competed in the 1930s. He won a bronze medal in the 4 × 10 km relay at the 1938 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Lahti. His best individual finish was fourth in the 18 km event at the 1937 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships.
In 1936, he won Vasaloppet.

## Cross-country skiing results

All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

### World Championships

* 1 medal – (1 bronze)
| Year | Age | 18 km | 50 km | 4 × 10 km  relay |
| 1937 | 24 | 4 | — | 4 |
| 1938 | 25 | 15 | 16 | Bronze |
# Anders Svela

Anders Bernhard Svela (11 September 1939 – 7 September 2010) was a Norwegian footballer and teacher.
In his younger days he competed in both athletics (Sandnes IL), gymnastics and handball. He played at the highest tier in football, winning promotion with Stavanger, before moving to Oslo to study. Here he played 187 games for first-tier club Frigg. He was also capped twice for Norway. After retiring, he coached Ulf-Sandnes, Figgjo IL, Klepp IL, Ålgård FK and Egersunds IK between 1967 and 1982.
At the University of Oslo he graduated with the cand.philol. degree and spent his professional career as a teacher at Sandnes Upper Secondary School from 1967 to 2005. His favorite subject was French, and he was awarded the Ordre des Palmes Académiques.
He was married and had two daughters. He died in September 2010, shortly before his 71st birthday.
# Melanio Ulama

Timuay Melanio Umbit Ulama is a Filipino politician, ancestral leader, and peace advocate who serves as the Indigenous Peoples' Affairs Minister of Bangsamoro and a member of the Bangsamoro Transition Authority Parliament.

## Early life and education

A member of the Teduray ethnic group and a native of Upi, Maguindanao, Melanio Umbit Ulama was born in Kabenge, Datu Piang, Maguindanao to Diwan Mamintal Ulama and Lucia Umbit Ulama. He attended Upi Agricultural School for his collegiate studies where he obtained a bachelor's degree in agriculture, majoring in agronomy in 1982. He pursued a master's degree in public administration at the Notre Dame University in Cotabato City.

## Career

Ulama is a leader of the non-Moro indigenous people (IP) community and was involved in several peace organizations in Mindanao. He holds the traditional title of Timuay and represents the Teduray. He also served as the IP consultant for the former secessionist group Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) and the leader of the Teduray and Lambangian Conference. He was also a member of the Chairman of Mindanao Peoples Caucus, a peace organization which consist of IP, Bangsamoro, and Christian communities in Mindanao. Ulama was also a former chairman of the Organization of Tribal Leaders Associations Conference and of Mindanao Action for Peace and Development and a former Vice Chairman of the Kadtuntaya Foundation. From 2003 to 2013, Ulama worked with the Office of Southern Cultural Communities Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (OSCC-ARMM).
He is also a two-time member of the Bangsamoro Transition Commission, which helped formed the draft of a bill, which eventually became the Bangsamoro Organic Law and vote the passage of resolution 38 aims to cease and desist order the claims of his fellow tribes resulting displacement of the indigenous cultural communities and violation of basic rights of the NMIP in the region, with the MILF endorsing his appointment to the government body on both occasions.
Ulama became part of the Bangsamoro Transition Authority Parliament, the interim legislature of the Bangsamoro autonomous region formed in 2019 and was appointed as the first minister of the Ministry of Indigenous Peoples' Affairs on February 26, 2019, by interim Bangsamoro Chief Minister Murad Ebrahim.
Ulama's tenure ended when he was not reappointed by President Bongbong Marcos to the interim parliament in August 2022.

## Personal life

Melanio Ulama was married to Elsie Capillo Grajido, a school teacher, with whom he has two daughters who grew up to be nurses who cannot speak Teduray .
# Arne Bakker

Arne Bakker (18 February 1930 – 9 October 2009) was a Norwegian footballer and bandy player.

## Football career

He was born in Bærum. He started his career in Fossum IF, joined Stabæk IF in 1946 and Asker SK in 1949. Here he played at the highest level of Norwegian football. His team became runner-up in the Norwegian Football Cup of 1951. He played 54 matches for national football team of Norway.

## Other sports

Bakker represented Stabæk IF in the bandy sport. The team became Norwegian champions in 1952, 1953 and 1955, and Bakker represented Norway 20 times. In 1952 he took part in the Olympic Bandy tournament. He also played ice hockey for Stabæk IF and Jar IL, and also practiced ski jumping and track and field. In 1961 he received Egeberg's Honorary Award for achievement in multiple sports. He is the only combined footballer/bandy player to date to receive the award. In 1997, he became an honorary member of Stabæk.

## Later career

Bakker coached Asker's football team in 1962 and 1963, and later Stabæk. His professional life was spent working for Norsk Hydro. He died in Bærum in October 2009, having lived at Jar his whole life.
# Arne Dokken

Arne Dokken (born 27 August 1955) is a Norwegian former football player and coach. He played as forward for several Norwegian clubs and two Greek clubs and 24 matches for Norway national football team scoring two goals. In eight seasons in the Norwegian top division he played 147 matches scoring 64 goals. He was top scorer in 1. divisjon in 1975 and 1980. His son Kenneth Dokken also became a footballer.

## Playing career
### Club career

Arne Dokken was born in Drammen, started his career in Åssiden IF and went to Strømsgodset IF 19 years old. In the 1975 season he became top scorer in Norwegian top flight. He continued to Lillestrøm SK winning gold medals in the Norwegian Cup 1978 and the league 1981. He then became professional in Panathinaikos in Greece and on loan to Apollon Smyrnis also in Greece before he returned to Norway where he finished his career as player in Rosenborg BK.

### International career

Dokken was capped once for Norway boys team, four times for the Norway u-19 and 11 times for Norway u-21. He was capped 24 times for the Norway national football team scoring two goals.

## Managerial career

He started his career as coach in Rosenborg 1985 successfully as the team won gold medals. He was thereafter director of sports in Rosenborg BK and in FC Lyn Oslo. He continued to Strømsgodset IF as coach and head of sports and to Sandefjord Fotball where he was head coach in the 2004 season. He then became sports director in Hønefoss BK before he returned to Sandefjord Fotball as sports director.

## Honours
### As a player

Lillestrøm SK
* Norwegian top division: 1981; runner up: 1978
* Norwegian Cup: 1978, 1981; runner up: 1980
Panathinaikos
* Alpha Ethniki; runner up: 1981–1982
* Greek Cup: 1982

### As a manager

Rosenborg
* Norwegian top division: 1985
# Arne Sørensen (Norwegian footballer)

Arne Sørensen (20 October 1911 – 6 March 1995) was a Norwegian footballer. He played in one match for the Norway national football team in 1935.
# Arnold Dyrdahl

Arnold Dyrdahl (July 14, 1919 – October 21, 1973) was a Norwegian bobsledder who competed from the late 1940s to the late 1950s. Competing in two Winter Olympics, he earned his best finish of tenth in the four-man event at St. Moritz in 1948.
He was born in Byåsen and died in Trondheim.
# Arthur Johansen

Arthur Johansen (13 August 1904 – 11 January 1984) was a Norwegian footballer. He played in three matches for the Norway national football team from 1930 to 1931.
# Arvid Lindberg

Arvid Lindberg (18 October 1902 – 8 March 1958) was a Norwegian footballer. He played in seven matches for the Norway national football team from 1924 to 1927.
# Audun Endestad

Audun Endestad (born January 19, 1953) is a Norwegian-born American cross-country skier, author and field guide. He is a past Olympic, World and National Team cross-country skier.

## Biography

Audun Gudmund Endestad was born in Bryggja, Sogn og Fjordane, Norway. Endestad competed from 1984 to 1997. He finished 18th in the 50 km event at the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo. He is a six-time Great American Ski Chase champion and 13-time National cross-country skiing champion.

## Family

Endestad is married to Sally Zack, a former Olympic, World and National Team Bicycle Racer, who competed for the United States in Olympic cycling in 1988 and 1992. They live in Alaska and own the Endestad Atomic Ski Camp.

## Cross-country skiing results

All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

### Olympic Games

| Year | Age | 15 km | 30 km | 50 km | 4 × 10 km  relay |
| 1984 | 31 | — | — | 18 | — |

### World Championships

| Year | Age | 15 km  classical | 15 km  freestyle | 30 km | 50 km | 4 × 10 km  relay |
| 1989 | 36 | — | 47 | 42 | 28 | 13 |

### World Cup
#### Season standings

| Season | Age | Overall |
| 1983 | 30 | 63 |
| 1984 | 31 | 36 |
| 1985 | 32 | 26 |
| 1986 | 33 | 46 |
| 1989 | 36 | NC |
| 1990 | 37 | 43 |
| 1992 | 39 | NC |
# Benn John Valsø

Benn Johan Valsø (November 5, 1927 – December 7, 1995) was a Norwegian bobsledder who competed in the late 1940s. He finished tenth in the four-man event at the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz.
# Bjarne Larsen

Bjarne Larsen (26 July 1904 – 12 April 1972) was a Norwegian footballer. He played in one match for the Norway national football team in 1931.
# Bjørn Hagen

Bjørn Hagen (born 4 April 1960) is a Norwegian speed skater, born in Oslo. He competed at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary.
He was Norwegian sprint champion in 1988.
# Bjørn Paulson

Bjørn Andreas Paulson (21 June 1923 – 14 January 2008) was a Norwegian high jumper and jurist.
He was a grandson of Andreas Paulson. He was born in Bergen, but represented the club IL Skjalg. At the 1948 Summer Olympics held in London he finished second in the high jump final with a jump of 1.95 metres. He became Norwegian champion in 1948. His personal best jump was 1.96 metres, achieved at the Norwegian championships in August 1948 in Trondheim.
A cand.jur. by education, Paulson became a police superintendent in 1953. From 1967 to 1993 he worked as a public prosecutor. He died in 2008.
# Bjørn Tveter

Bjørn Tveter (born 13 June 1944) is a former Norwegian speed skater. He competed in the 1500 m event at the 1968 and 1972 Winter Olympics and finished fifth and fourth, respectively. He won a bronze medal over this distance at the 1968 World Allround Championships, placing seventh overall.
In 1973, Tveter joined the professional skating league, and in 1974 he won gold medals at the Professional European Allround Championships. The professional league was dissolved in 1974.
Tveter's younger brother Øyvind was also an Olympic speed skater.
# Børge Josefsen

Børge Josefsen (born 24 September 1953) is a Norwegian footballer. He played in one match for the Norway national football team in 1975.
# Børre Meinseth

Børre Meinseth (born 24 November 1966) is a retired Norwegian football defender.
He is the uncle of athletes Even Meinseth (1996) and Ingvild Meinseth (1999).
He played for Hødd, Bryne, Viking and Heerenveen and was capped 8 times for Norway.
He settled in Sola to work as a schoolteacher, and in 2003 he was the assistant coach of Sola FK under Gunnar Aase, in 2006 he was the head coach, then a youth coach.
# Carsten Bachke

Carsten Bachke (born 14 October 1963) is a retired Norwegian football midfielder. He joined Moss FK from Ekholt BK ahead of the 1985 season. Following a career where he won the Norwegian league in 1987 and was capped 6 times for Norway, he retired after the 1990 season.
# Christian Styren

Christian Styren (born 31 January 1965) is a Norwegian diver. He was born in Oslo. He competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. He won thirteen gold medals in diving at the Norwegian championships.