OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Easiness effect

The easiness effect is the claim that as a result of science popularization laypeople develop an overconfident scientific understanding. This results in science-related decision-making that reflects a misunderstanding of popular science rather than the judgment of professional scientists.

## Context

Rainer Bromme and Susan Goldman, writing in the Educational Psychologist describe the context, stating: "Challenges to understanding science include determining the relevance of information, the tentativeness of scientific truth, distinguishing between scientific and nonscientific issues, and determining what is true and what is false."
Scotty Hendricks, a contributing writer to BigThink.com, notes that popular science writers might have to start considering the effect that their work has on the general public.

## Evidence

Scharrer and her co-authors studied the claimed effect by inviting laypeople to read popular science articles or articles with more scientific detail, publishing their results in Public Understanding of Science. The subjects were then interviewed to judge their scientific opinions and confidence in those opinions, in relation to the material that they had read. Scharrer's team inferred that there was a statistically significant effect of scientific overconfidence and willingness to override expert opinion.
In some of their experiments, Scharrer's team attempted to counteract the easiness effect by explicitly warning subjects of the complexity and controversiality of the scientific material presented. They found that the easiness effect disappeared partially but not completely. The researchers suggest that it has to do mostly with writing style. Popular articles condense the science and speak with certainty whereas an academic paper speaks mostly in terms of probability. Hence reading mostly popularizations leads to overconfidence in the results.

## Countermeasures

Scharrer and her co-authors recommended "explicitly highlighting topic complexity and controversiality" in order to reduce the easiness effect, and additionally recommended "a need for further educating the public on the division of cognitive labor and its implications for making judgments" and adding to formal science education the notion that "making reliable judgments often requires deference to scientific experts".

## Commentary

Mark Carnall of The Guardian said that the expanded access that laypeople have to simplified explanations of scientific facts may be the cause of their rising distrust in experts. The partial understanding they get from the "easy-to-digest science stories" from the media and bad science communication would give them confidence to reject the actual claims that scientists make. He expresses the concern that "alternative facts" exploit this effect to confuse what scientific facts really are and highlights the importance of critical thinking skills to counter this phenomenon.
# Kim Young-jun (wrestler)

Kim Young-jun (born 21 March 1948) is a South Korean former wrestler who competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics.
# Kwon Jung-hyun (cyclist)

Kwon Jung-hyun (Korean: 권중현; Hanja: 權重鉉; born 29 July 1942) is a former South Korean cyclist. He competed in three events at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
# Sûrtab

Sûrtab S.A. is a Haitian technology company headquartered in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, that designs, develops, and sells computer hardware and consumer electronics, most notably, tablet computers.

## Etymology

The name Sûrtab, is derived from a contraction between the French word, "sûr", which is used to designate things that are emphatic, certain, and true, that can not be questioned, must happen infallibly, and are reliable; with the English word "tablet".
# Tilkor Tarua

Tilkor Tarua (Maithili: तिलकोर के तरुआ) is a special dish popular in the Mithila region of the Indian subcontinent. It is one of the important items served in the dishes for guests at the home of Maithil people.

## Etymology

Tilkor Tarua is a Maithili word having two terms Tilkor and Tarua. Tilkor is the Maithili name of Momordica monadelpha or Coccinia grandis or ivy gourd or scarlet gourdis plant. It is a creepers or climbers plant found naturally in the Mithila region. In the Mithila region, Tilkor is generally referred to the leaves of the plant. And Tarua is the Maithili word used for a dish made of leaves or thinly sliced vegetables coated with rice batter and deeply fried in mustard oil.

## Description

The main ingredient of the Tilkor Tarua is the leaves of Tilkor creepers or climbers found naturally in the Mithila region. First of all, some rice wet paste is prepared which is locally known as pithaar. Then the paste is mixed with some spices and salt with turmeric. After that the Tilkor leaves are sinked into the paste and then in last it is fried in mustard oil. Tilkor Tarua are very crunchy. In the market areas of the Mithila region, Tilkor Tarua is served along with murhi as fast food and breakfast.

## Cultural significance

Tilkor Tarua has an important place in the culture of the hospitality for guests by the Maithil people. In the Mithila region, son-in-law has special importance, he is served specially by his parents-in-law. Tilkor Tarua is one of the special items served in the meals to him for his respectful hospitality. Similarly when a Brahmin is invited for a sacred Brahman Bhojan, then the Tilkor Tarua is also served in his food. During festivals and auspicious occasions, the people of Mithila have an old tradition of decorating with Tarua made of Tilkor on their plate.
In the Vivaahotsava festival also known as Vivah Panchami celebrated every year at Janakpurdham, the processions of Lord Rama coming from Ayodhya to Janakpur are also served the Tilkor Tarua in their food for their hospitality.
# Obsession (UFO album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Christgau's Record Guide | C− |
Obsession is the seventh studio album by English rock band UFO, released in 1978. This was the final studio album to feature Michael Schenker on lead guitar until he returned to the band in 1993. A single from the album, "Only You Can Rock Me" / "Cherry", was also released in 1978. So too was the band's first three-track EP "Only You Can Rock Me", "Cherry" / "Rock Bottom", reaching No. 50 in the UK. The album was recorded at an abandoned post office in Los Angeles.
EMI's 2008 remastered edition includes three bonus live tracks, and also some writing credits are corrected. In 2024, Chrysalis released a deluxe edition on 2 CD's and 3 LP's. It features new remaster as well as an entire live show from Cleveland, remixed in 2024 for this release.

## Critical reception

Reviewing the LP in Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies (1981), Robert Christgau wrote: "I've admired their forward motion and facile riffs, so it's my duty to report that they've degenerated into the usual exhibitionism. Theme song: 'Lookin' Out for No. 1,' a turn of phrase that's becoming as much of a watchword in late '70s rock as 'get together' was in the late '60s."

## Personnel

UFO
* Phil Mogg – vocals
* Michael Schenker – guitars, recorder
* Paul Raymond – keyboards, guitar
* Pete Way – bass
* Andy Parker – drums
Production
* Ron Nevison – producer
* Mike Clink – assistant engineer
* Alan McMillan – conductor, string arrangements, string conductor
* Hipgnosis – cover art

## Charts

| Chart (1978) | Peak position |
| Australian Albums (Kent Music Report) | 89 |
| Canada Top Albums/CDs (RPM) | 68 |
| Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan) | 31 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 26 |
| US Billboard 200 | 41 |
# Haemopidae

Haemopidae is a family of leeches belonging to the order Arhynchobdellida.

## Genera

The following may be included:
* Haemopis Savigny, 1820
* Whitmania Blanchard, 1887
Of other genera previously assigned to this family, Philobdella and Semiscolex have since been assigned elsewhere, while Bdellarogatis, Mollibdella and Percymoorensis, created by Richardson (1969) for north American species formerly in Haemopis, are not generally accepted by current workers.
# Val Applewhite

Val Applewhite is an American politician who has served as a member of the North Carolina Senate since January 1, 2023. A Democrat from Fayetteville, she represents the 19th district. Applewhite is a retired United States Air Force veteran. She is a graduate of Southern New Hampshire University and Strayer University.
# Gerald Perzy

Gerald Perzy (born 14 August 1967) is an Austrian football manager and former player. He has stepped in as interim coach at FC Blau-Weiß Linz on 6 separate occasions.
# National Citizens' Reform League

The National Citizens' Reform League, sometimes known as the Kyabram movement, was formed in Melbourne in April 1902. It sought to reduce the size of the Victorian government, following the recent creation of the Australian Government. Its cause attracted those opposed to the Australian Labor Party and the Alexander Peacock led group of Liberal Party supporters. Within one month it had 90 branches.
Its leader, William Irvine, soon replaced Premier Peacock in June and went on to win the 1902 Victorian state election in October.
Within six months of its founding, the League had over 15,000 members.
The League's cause was greatly progressed by the passing of the Constitution Act 1903 (also known as the "Constitution Reform Act"). Its changes included reducing the number of seats in the Victorian Legislative Assembly from 95 to 67, and those in the Legislative Council from 48 to 35.
Irvine retired from the role of Premier in February 1904, being replaced by the similarly minded Thomas Bent. He contested the 1904 Victorian state election in June and was successful.
In July 1904, the Catholic newspaper The Advocate reported that "The National Citizens' Reform League had its birth in Kyabram. It exercised a great influence in its brief day, but to-day it is, for most practical purposes, as dead as Julius Caesar." Branches of the group held fundraising events in July and August that year.
Premier Bent's supporters in parliament became known as the "Ministerial Liberal Party". The Peacock group of liberal MPs came to be led by Donald Mackinnon. The two groups merged to form a united Liberal Party in mid-February 1907 in the leadup to the 1907 Victorian state election in March. This new party was a clear replacement for the League.
In May 1907, Table Talk reported that the League had ultimately been unsuccessful: "Five years ago, amid a flourish of-trumpets, citizens reform leagues were formed to sweep away the abominable spendthrift practices of State legislatures. It has all ended in smoke." An August 1907 article in the Punch of Melbourne noted that while its philosophy lived on, the National Citizen's Reform League had not.
# Günter Krispel

Günter Krispel (born 22 September 1951) is an Austrian bobsledder. He competed in the four man event at the 1984 Winter Olympics.
# Günther Wessely

Günther Wessely (born 5 August 1959) is a retired Austrian football player and a football manager who last managed ASK Kottingbrunn.

## Playing career

Wessely played as a defender for SK Rapid Wien.

## Coaching career

Wessely managed in the Austrian lower divisions between 1995 and 2011.
# Olaf B. Bjørnstad

Olaf Bjørn Bjørnstad (10 January 1931 – 12 May 2013) was a Norwegian ski jumper.
He won the second Four Hills Tournament (1953/1954), by winning in Oberstdorf, Garmisch-Partenkirchen Photo of Olaf B Bjornstad Ski Jumping in Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany and Innsbruck, and finishing 3rd in Bischofshofen.
# Thomas Bläsi

Thomas Bläsi also spelled Blaesi (born 17 April 1971) is a Swiss pharmacist and politician who currently serves as member of the National Council (Switzerland) for the Swiss People's Party since 2023. He entered the parliament as a replacement of Yves Nidegger on 30 May 2023, who resigned from parliament. This is a common procedure in many political systems to ensure that representation across different levels of the legislature is maintained.
# Perry G. Smith Sr.

Perry G. Smith Sr. (born April 27, 1949) is Alabama's former Adjutant general.

## Education

Smith attended Auburn University and was commissioned as second lieutenant through its Army ROTC program in 1973. He received a Bachelor of Science degree in biochemistry. He attended Troy University, where he received a master's degree in human resource management.

## Career

Smith served in the Alabama Army National Guard from 1975 to 2008. He later served as Adjutant General from 2011 to 2017.
# Bumble Hole Local Nature Reserve

Bumble Hole Local Nature Reserve is situated in the Netherton area of Dudley Metropolitan Borough in the county of West Midlands, England. This former industrial area now features canals, ponds, grassland and wooded areas. The reserve lies adjacent to the Warren's Hall Local Nature Reserve (which is in Sandwell Metropolitan Borough). It was declared a local nature reserve in 1996.

## History

The area comprising the Bumble Hole Local Nature Reserve and its neighbour, Warren's Hall Local Nature Reserve, once was a scene of industry, including coal mining, clay extraction, coke furnaces and boat building. A railway (known as the Bumble Hole Line) ran through the area, linking Dudley to Old Hill.

## Location

The reserve is located to the east of Netherton, about 1.5 miles south of Dudley, on the border with Sandwell Metropolitan Borough. Main access is via St Peter's Road, Netherton.

## Landscape

The reserve contains areas of grassland, small wooded regions, canals and ponds. The Dudley No. 2 Canal runs into the reserve. Two short arms lead off from this canal: the Bumble Hole Branch and the Bushboil Arm. Bumble Hole Lake, a former clay pit, forms the largest body of water in the reserve. There is no visible border with the neighboring Warren's Hall Local Nature Reserve, so the two reserves effectively form a single visitor attraction.

## Facilities

A canal-side visitor centre run by volunteers (the Bumble Hole Conservation Group), offers information on the reserve, as well as refreshments and toilet facilities. There is also a football pitch.

## Boating festival

The reserve (plus the neighboring Warren's Hall Local Nature Reserve) is the site for an annual boating festival. The event attracts canal boats every September and features stalls, canal trips and a funfair.
# Dallas Odle

Dallas Odle (born August 5, 2001) is an American soccer player who plays for MLS Next Pro side New York Red Bulls II.

## Club career
### Early career

Born in Manhattan, Kansas, Odle grew up in Scottsdale, Arizona and began his youth career with Real Salt Lake’s Academy system where he played from 2015 to 2017. His family then moved to Cupertino, California, and Odle joined San Jose Earthquakes Academy program. Between his time with the two MLS Academies, Odle moved up from U15 to the U19 teams.
After initially attending Cal State Bakersfield to play college soccer, Odle’s freshman season was impacted by COVID-19, and he went abroad to play as an amateur inside one of the top private residential Academies in the world, FC Málaga City. He played for CD Almuñécar City senior team, the second-highest team in the FC Málaga City Academy structure, making 14 starts. He allowed only 15 goals in those 14 starts with seven clean sheets in the Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol league in Spain.

### FC Tulsa

On 11 March 2022, Odle signed with USL Championship side FC Tulsa. He made his debut with the club on 15 October 2022, in a match against Memphis 901 FC, where he totaled six saves.

### New York Red Bulls II

On 15 March 2024, Odle signed an MLS NEXT Pro contract for the 2024 season with New York Red Bulls II. On 29 March 2024, Odle made his debut for New York, appearing as a starter in a 3–2 victory over FC Cincinnati 2.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 29 March 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| New York Red Bulls II | 2024 | MLS Next Pro | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
* ↑ Includes U.S. Open Cup
# Isabelle Moret

Isabelle Moret (born Zuppiger, 30 December 1970) is a Swiss politician who served as President of the National Council from 2019 to 2020. A member of FDP.The Liberals since its foundation in 2009, she first entered the National Council in 2006 as a member of the Free Democratic Party (FDP/PRD). Moret is a resident of Yens-sur-Morges in the canton of Vaud.

## Biography

The daughter of a railway worker, she grew up and studied in Lausanne, where she studied law and later obtained a postgraduate degree in European law. She then received her law license in Bern. She speaks fluent French, German, Swiss German, Italian, and English. She is the mother of two children.

## Career

After becoming a licensed attorney, she worked for several years in a Lausanne-based law firm. In 2013, she left the bar to concentrate on politics. She has chaired the Swiss Federation of Food Industries (Fial) and the Swiss umbrella association of hospitals (H+). She is also Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors of Swissgrid, the Swiss transmission system operator. In August 2017, while running for the Federal Council, the press revealed that she earns a gross annual income of 310,000 Swiss francs.
She began her political career in the Swiss Radical Democratic Party (PRD), now the FDP.The Liberals, as a member of the Committee on Domestic Policy in 1997. She was a member of the municipal council in Etoy from 1998 to 2006. In 1998 she also became vice-president of the Young Radicals Switzerland, while being a member of the SME committee and the Economic Commission of the Vaud PRD, of which she became president in 2003.
She was elected to the Grand Council of Vaud in 1999, before becoming a member of the Vaud Constitutional Assembly from 1999 to 2002. She left the Cantonal parliament in 2006, having notably been a member of the Finance Committee from 2002 to 2006.
In December 2006, she was elected to the Swiss Federal Parliament as a member of the National Council. She successfully ran for reelection in 2007, 2011 and 2015. In 2015, she received the most votes of all federal candidates in Francophone Switzerland with 65,351 votes. She sat on the Political Institutions Committee (CIP-CN) and the Social Security and Health Committee (CSSS-CN). The core of her activities pertain to issues related to the healthcare and pension systems and issues related to immigration and asylum.
In parallel with her office as member of the National Council, from 2008 to 2016 she was the vice-president of the Swiss Radical Democratic Party, and then of the FDP.The Liberals following the merger with the Swiss Liberal Party.
She ran for the Federal Council in September 2017 in a bid to succeed Didier Burkhalter. In the second round of voting, she came third, with 28 votes.
In December she was elected as the President of the National Council. She is the first woman from Vaud to hold the post.
# Hansi Hinterseer

Johann Ernst "Hansi" Hinterseer (born 2 February 1954) is an Austrian schlager singer, actor, entertainer and former alpine skier.

## Sports

Hinterseer is the son of Ernst Hinterseer, who won a gold medal in slalom skiing at the 1960 Winter Olympics. Hans Hinterseer also became a member of the Austrian ski team. He won six alpine skiing World Cup races in the slalom and giant slalom, and the overall giant slalom contest at the 1973 Alpine Skiing World Cup. He also won the silver medal at the world championship in 1974, and participated at the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck.
Since the early 1980s, he has been a technical sports commentator for the National Austrian Broadcasting Corporation, usually commenting on slalom and giant slalom live broadcasts.

### Individual races

| Date | Location | Race |
| 8 March 1973 | Anchorage | Giant slalom |
| 8 December 1973 | Val-d'Isère | Giant slalom |
| 27 January 1974 | Kitzbühel | Slalom |
| 23 February 1975 | Naeba | Slalom |
| 21 December 1975 | Schladming | Slalom |
| 25 February 1977 | Furano | Giant slalom |

## Music and acting

In 1994, Hinterseer started a career as a singer, and is currently prominent as a performer in the schlager genre. He has also acted in several films, also following a Heimatfilm theme.

### Discography

Charting albums
| Year | Album | Peak position | Certifications | Notes |
| Year | Album | DEN | Certifications | Notes |
| 2010 | The Danish Collection | 1 | | |
| 2010 | Ich hab dich einfach lieb | 1 | | |
| 2010 | Glædelig Jul | 14 | | |
| 2010 | Das Beste von Hansi Hinterseer | 16 | | |
| 2011 | Zwei Herzen | 2 | | |
| 2012 | Im siebten Himmel | 3 | | |
| 2012 | Jedes Jahr zur selben Zeit | 14 | | |
| 2013 | Heut ist dein tag | 2 | | |
| 2013 | De største hits | 6 | | |
| 2014 | Das beste zum Jubiläum Live | 14 | | |
| 2015 | Gefühle | 10 | | |
| 2017 | Für mich ist Glück... | 39 | | |
| 2019 | Ich halt zu dir | 11 | | |
| 2020 | Weihnachten miteinander | 21 | | |
| 2022 | Weil es dich gibt | 35 | | |
Charting singles
| Year | Single | Peak position | Certifications | Album |
| Year | Single | GER | Certifications | Album |
| 2010 | "Hände zum Himmel" | 68 | | |
Others
* Wenn man sich lieb hat ("If you are in love")
* Ich warte auf dich ("I am waiting for you")
* Mein Geschenk für dich ("My present for you")
* Danke für deine Liebe ("Thank you for your love")
* Dann nehm ich dich in meine Arme ("Then I take you in my arms")
* Träum mit mir ("Dream with me")
* Du bist alles ("You are everything")
* Weihnachten mit Hansi ("Christmas with Hansi")
* Vater, dein Wille geschehe ("Father, thy will be done")
* Meine Lieder, deine Träume ("My songs, your dreams")
* Goldene Weihnacht ("Golden Christmas")
* Komm mit mir ("Come with Me") (2009, Ariola)

### DVDs

* 2010: Ich hab dich einfach lieb! Kitzbühel Open Air 2010

### TV / Filmography

* 1997: "Hochwürdens Ärger mit dem Paradies" (TV film comedy)
* 2000: "Da wo die Berge sind"
* 2002: "Da wo die Liebe wohnt"
* 2003: "Da wo die Heimat ist"
* 2004: "Da wo die Herzen schlagen"
* 2005: "Da wo das Glück wartet"
# Harald Schneider

Harald Schneider (born 8 June 1966) is a retired Austrian football defender.
# Heinz Hoppichler

Heinz Hoppichler (27 September 1905 – ?) was an Austrian bobsledder who competed in the early 1950s. At the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo, he finished 16th in the two-man event and did not finish the four-man event.
# Caspar Baader

Caspar Baader (born 1 October 1953) is a Swiss politician, attorney and member of the Swiss National Council from the canton of Basel-Landschaft. Elected in 1998, he is a member of the Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC).
Baader is married and a father of three.
# Helmar Steindl

Helmar Steindl (born 7 February 1945) is an Austrian retired slalom canoeist who competed from the late 1960s to the late 1970s. He finished eighth in the C-2 event at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.
# Helmut Ilk

Helmut Ilk (born 11 July 1936) is an Austrian former freestyle swimmer. He competed in the men's 400 metre freestyle at the 1960 Summer Olympics.