OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mambele

A mambele is a form of hybrid knife/axe in central and southern Africa, originating from a curved throwing dagger used by the Mangbetu.

## Description

The mambele consists of an iron blade with a curved back section and rearward spike. It can be used in close combat as a hatchet or dagger, or more typically as a throwing weapon. It usually consists of four blades, three on top and one on the side. The curved hook was used to keep the weapon in the victim, and if pulled out, caused further damage. It would have been about 56 cm (22 in) in length. These African iron weapons are thrown with a rotatory motion, and can inflict deep wounds with their projecting blades.
The mambele is also known as:
* Hunga Munga
* Danisco by the Marghi
* Goleyo by the Musgum
* Njiga by the Bagirmi
* Kpinga by the Zande. They were classed as "Court Metal", being produced under the patronage of the Avongara clan, distributed only to professional warriors, and considered status symbols. It was also part of the dowry that a man must pay to the bride's family. Soldiers would carry three or four into battle, hidden behind their shields. They were typically thrown at the enemy from 9 m (30 ft) away.
They vary constantly in form and their use extends across Africa, from the Upper Nile on the east through Central Africa and over to Gabon in West Africa. The “musri” or “mouzeri” throwing knife of the Teda peoples in the central Sahara is a variant. In parts of Central Africa these weapons assume the form of a bird's head.
These knives reflect the culture of Africa before western colonisation, both through their design and use. They can be symmetrical, bulbous, or even multi-pronged. Many are made of rarer and softer materials. These were harder to forge and were a status symbol to their owners.
# Antonio Betancort

Antonio Rodrigo Betancort Barrera (13 March 1937 – 15 March 2015) was a Spanish footballer. He was born in Las Palmas, and played as a goalkeeper for Las Palmas, Real Madrid, and Deportivo La Coruña, and the Spain national team.
Antonio Betancort died on 15 March 2015 in Las Palmas, of undisclosed reasons.
# Physatocheila brevirostris

Physatocheila brevirostris is a species of lace bug in the family Tingidae. It is found in North America.
# İsmail Çağlar Bayırcı

İsmail Çağlar Bayırcı (born 1984) is a Turkish politician from the Justice and Development Party who was elected to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey from Kütahya in the 2023 Turkish parliamentary election.
# Mount Sedgwick (British Columbia)

Mount Sedgwick is a prominent 2,082-metre (6,831-foot) mountain summit located in the Tantalus Range of southwestern British Columbia, Canada. It is situated 13 km (8 mi) west-northwest of Squamish, and 8 km (5 mi) south of Mount Tantalus, which is the highest peak in the Tantalus Range. Its nearest higher peak is The Red Tusk, 4.4 km (3 mi) to the northeast. Precipitation runoff from the peak drains west into tributaries of the Clowhom River, and east into Mill Creek which empties into Howe Sound. The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1909 by H. Dowler. The mountain is named for Adam Sedgwick (1785–1873), one of the founders of modern geology who accompanied Sir Roderick Murchison on geological tours in Canada. The mountain's name was officially adopted on May 3, 1951, by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Sedgwick is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Coast Mountains where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall. As a result, the Coast Mountains experience high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. The months July through September offer the most favorable weather for climbing Mount Sedgwick.

## Gallery

* Mount Sedgwick from Britannia Beach
# HC Javaraya

HC Javaraya (1889-1946) was an Indian horticulturist who was the first Indian superintendent at the Lal Bagh Botanical Gardens in Bangalore. He also set up the Fruit Research Station in Hessarghatta, which is now the Indian Institute of Horticultural Research.

## Life and work

HC Javaraya was born in Madikeri, Kodagu district, and his schooling was at St Joseph's European High School, Bangalore and Central High School, Madikere. He then joined Central College, Bangalore where he pursued a degree in Arts. In 1913, he completed his formal education in agriculture from the Coimbatore Agricultural College. Soon after graduating, he married his wife Nagamma, who hailed from a village in Hassan district. On 18 July 1913, he joined the Mysore Horticultural Society as assistant superintendent, where he worked under Gustav Hermann Krumbiegel. In the late 1910s, Javaraya went on to train at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
In the early 1930s, Javaraya came back to India. Gustav Hermann Krumbiegel, who was then the superintendent of Lal Bagh, recommended Javaraya as his 'worthy successor'. In 1934, Javaraya was appointed as the senior marketing officer at the newly formed Agricultural Produce Department of Greater India. During his time there, he helped start the Agmark certification mark. As part of his duties as the director of horticulture, he was entrusted with managing the Brindavan Gardens and the Royal Fruit Orchard, 'Madhuvana'.

## Later years and honours

In 1935, Javaraya extended the Lal Bagh glasshouse by adding a fourth, eastern wing using steel from Bhadravathi Iron and Steel.
Javaraya founded the Government Fruit Research Station (FRS) in Hessaraghatta (now the Indian Institute of Horticultural Research), the Maddur Fruit Orchard, and the Ganjam Fig Garden.
During his time at Kew, Javaraya received the Kew Garden Fellowship, the Royal Horticultural Society (FRHS) fellowship, and was a fellow of the Linnean Society of London (FLS).
In 1940, he was given the title “Rao Bahadur” by the then viceroy of India. The roundabout outside the main gate of Lal Bagh is known as Rao Bahadur HC Javaraya Circle.
# Mecynogea lemniscata

Mecynogea lemniscata, the basilica orbweaver, is a species of orb weaver in the spider family Araneidae. It is found in a range from the United States to Argentina.
# Vista Santa Rosa, California

Vista Santa Rosa (Spanish for "Santa Rosa View") is a census-designated place in Riverside County, California. Vista Santa Rosa sits at an elevation of 69 feet (21 m) below sea level. The 2010 United States census reported Vista Santa Rosa's population was 2,926.
The community was named after its location on the eastern foothills of the Santa Rosa Mountains.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP covers an area of 16.1 square miles (41.8 km$^2$), 99.92% of it land and 0.08% of it water.

## Demographics

At the 2010 census Vista Santa Rosa had a population of 2,926. The population density was 181.4 inhabitants per square mile (70.0/km$^2$). The racial makeup of Vista Santa Rosa was 1,699 (58.1%) White, 8 (0.3%) African American, 140 (4.8%) Native American, 6 (0.2%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 942 (32.2%) from other races, and 131 (4.5%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2,487 persons (85.0%).
The whole population lived in households, no one lived in non-institutionalized group quarters and no one was institutionalized.
There were 745 households, 423 (56.8%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 491 (65.9%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 104 (14.0%) had a female householder with no husband present, 54 (7.2%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 39 (5.2%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 7 (0.9%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 70 households (9.4%) were one person and 19 (2.6%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 3.93. There were 649 families (87.1% of households); the average family size was 4.15.
The age distribution was 948 people (32.4%) under the age of 18, 312 people (10.7%) aged 18 to 24, 774 people (26.5%) aged 25 to 44, 652 people (22.3%) aged 45 to 64, and 240 people (8.2%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 29.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.8 males.
There were 856 housing units at an average density of 53.1 per square mile, of the occupied units 450 (60.4%) were owner-occupied and 295 (39.6%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 4.8%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.1%. 1,737 people (59.4% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 1,189 people (40.6%) lived in rental housing units.
# Antonio Bonet (footballer)

Antonio Bonet Silvestre (14 August 1908 – March 1993) was a Spanish football midfielder and manager.
# Altica woodsi

Altica woodsi is a species of flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in North America. It feeds on Vitis riparia and Virginia creeper.
# The Conscience of a Conservative

The Conscience of a Conservative is a 1960 book published under the name of Arizona Senator Barry Goldwater who was the 1964 Republican presidential candidate. It helped revive the American conservative movement and make Goldwater a political star, and it has influenced countless conservatives in the United States, helping to lay the foundation for the Reagan Revolution of the 1980s.
The book was largely ghostwritten by L. Brent Bozell Jr., brother-in-law of William F. Buckley Jr. Bozell and Buckley had been members of Yale's debate team. They had co-authored the controversial book, McCarthy and His Enemies, in 1955. Bozell had been Goldwater's speechwriter in the 1950s and was familiar with many of his ideals.

## Content

The 123-page book covers such topics as education, labor unions and policies, civil rights, agricultural policy and farm subsidies, social welfare programs, and income taxation. The book is considered to be a significant statement of politically and economically American conservative ideas which were to gain influence during the following decades.
In his book, Goldwater states explicitly that there are "laws of God" and "truths of God" which inform his concept of 'conservatism' and under which the US should operate.

## Later editions

A half-century edition, edited by C.C. Goldwater (his granddaughter), with a foreword by George Will, and an afterword by Robert F. Kennedy Jr, was published by the Princeton University Press in 2007.

## Namesake books

The book, and its title, continue to inspire contemporary political commentary.
* Mayer Schiller (1978), The (Guilty) Conscience of a Conservative
* In 2007, Paul Krugman entitled his own book The Conscience of a Liberal, saying in the introduction that he wanted his work to stand as a counterpoint to Goldwater's.
* Zell Miller (2003), A National Party No More: The Conscience of a Conservative Democrat
* Wayne Allyn Root (2009), The Conscience of a Libertarian: Empowering the Citizen Revolution with God, Guns, Gambling & Tax Cuts.
* Gary Chartier (2011), The Conscience of an Anarchist: Why It's Time to Say Good-Bye to the State and Build a Free Society
* Jeff Flake (2017), Conscience of a Conservative: A Rejection of Destructive Politics and a Return to Principle
* Steven Klees (2020), The Conscience of a Progressive
# Auguste Nélaton

Auguste Nélaton (17 June 1807 – 21 September 1873) was a French physician and surgeon.
Born in Paris, he began studying medicine in 1828 and graduated as an MD in 1836 with a thesis on the effects of tuberculosis on the bones. Three years later, he became an agrégé at the Hôpital Saint-Louis after his publication of On the treatment of breast tumors. From 1851 to 1867, he was a full professor, a post he abandoned when he became the personal surgeon of Napoleon III. Ramón Emeterio Betances—Puerto Rican pro-independence leader, surgeon and Légion d'honneur laureate—was one of Nélaton's prominent students.
In 1867, Nélaton was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
In 1868, Nélaton was appointed Imperial Senator.
Nélaton worked in plastic surgery. He was the first to re-emphasize ligature of the two ends of arteries in hemorrhages first promoted by Ambroise Paré in the mid-16th century. He invented the porcelain-knobbed probe for locating bullets known as Nélaton's probe. The probe was used to locate a bullet in the ankle of Giuseppe Garibaldi in 1862. He also made noted contributions to pelvic and abdominal surgery.
Nélaton is also credited with the invention of the Nélaton catheter. A rubber catheter which was a great improvement and relieved patients of the distress of tour de maître (catheterization with stiff implements). He is also associated with improvements in lithotomy.
Nélaton died in Paris and is buried in Père Lachaise Cemetery.
# Naos of the Decades

Naos of the Decades, also known as the Saft el-Hinna Naos, is a black granite naos preserved in several parts that have been discovered almost two centuries apart.
The naos is dedicated to the god Shu-Sopdu and dates to the reign of Nectanebo I. An astrological calendar is engraved on its sides depicting 36 decades, or 10-day periods marked by small constellations of stars called decans.

## Discovery

The upper part of the monument, known as the pyramidion, has been on display in the Louvre Museum since 1817, and it was discovered and brought back by French explorers.
The rest of the naos consists of many pieces. One large piece was found in 1940 by Prince Omar Toussoun and is held at the Graeco-Roman Museum in Alexandria. Other pieces were discovered in 2001 by Franck Goddio during the underwater excavations he organized in search of the sunken cities of Canopus and Heracleion. All of these pieces were found in the Abu Qir Bay.
The complex was brought together for the occasion of an exhibition in 2006, which recounts these excavations and discoveries.
# Resolza

The resòlza, also known as resòrza, resòrja or arresòja, is a traditional Sardinian folding-blade fighting and utility knife. In Sardinia, this term is widely used to describe all foldable knives.
Like the straight razor, the resolza's blade folds into the handle when not in use. Although the blade traces its origins to the Nuragic civilization, since it has always served as a nearly indispensable tool for agro-pastoral work, the word's origin dates from around the 17th century: the term in Sardinian is derived from the Latin rasoria, which translates to "razor used for shaving".
Back in those times, the resolza was used as a habitual item of personal wear, assisting the herdsmen with their daily activities, rather than for defensive purposes. In the 18th century, many travellers visiting the island reported in fact that Sardinians (especially the society's most prominent members) generally carried either a dagger (sa daga) or a peculiar sabre on the belt (sa leppa de chintu) both to boost their social status and to dissuade others from any aggressive confrontation. The actual leppa was a 60 cm sword that has no Italian or European counterpart, with similar blades existing only in the Middle East and among some Berber tribes in North Africa.
Therefore, the leppa is not to be confused with the resolza knife, even though the latter eventually replaced the former by the 20th century, when the imposition of Italian laws restricting the carrying of dangerous tools first entered into force: while the usage of the sword began to decline, the resolza grew so much in popularity among Sardinians from any background and social class that the traditional knife is now also improperly called leppa.
There are three main traditional patterns of the knife, with the most crucial characteristic coming from the shape of the blade: the Pattada-style knife, (resolza pattadesa), considered the most famous Sardinian knife, has a long and narrow blade meant to resemble a myrtle leaf (foza de murta), with the handle being made of muflon horn; the Arbus-style knife (arresoja arburesa) has a more pot-bellied blade that resembles a laurel leaf (folla de lauru) instead, while having a monolithic handle. The most distinctive, by their typical blunt blade, are the knives from Guspini (arresoja guspinesa) and the Gallurese ones from the villages of Luras (resorza lurisìnca) and Tempio Pausania (lametta tempiesa): these were designed to cope with the Italian laws that outlawed pointed blades, but were also useful for mining jobs and removing the cork.
Nowadays, in spite of the several forgeries produced by mainland Italian industries, the local craftsmanship has reached a high artistic expression and the handmade Sardinian knife in all its varieties is well-known, sought and particularly appreciated by collectors for its resistance and aesthetic flavour.
# Philodromus marxi

Philodromus marxi, the metallic crab spider, is a species of running crab spider in the family Philodromidae. It is found in the United States. It is a sexually dimorphic species. The males are smooth with a metallic sheen and the females are bristly white and grey.
# Metin Külünk

Metin Külünk (born, 16 December 1960, Yenimahalle, Turkey) is a Turkish engineer and politician of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) and a member of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. He is a close political ally of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and considered his "Commissioner for Germany".

## Early life and professional career

He was born in the Yenimahalle district of Ankara province and studied Civil Engineering at the Yıldız Technical University. He started his own company in 1984 and was a organized in several business associations between 1995 and 2005. Between 1993 and 1995 he taught foreign trade at the University of Marmara.

## Political career

He was elected to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey in the parliamentary election in June 2011 representing Istanbul for the AKP and re-elected parliamentary elections in June 2015 and in the snap elections in November 2015. He is a political ally of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and in March 2021, he was appointed to the executive board of the AKP.

## Controversies

He was observed to have handed over envelopes to the former leader of the Turkish Boxing Club Osmanen Germania an organization which protested the Armenian Genocide resolution in Germany in 2016. Over wiretaps he was heard to encourage to hit Kurds in Germany and videotape the event, which then could be used as a deterrent for the critics of the Turkish Government. Crime boss Sedat Peker claimed that Külünk would receive 10.000$ a month from him. Külünk is considered "Commissioner for Germany".

## Personal life

Metin Külünk is married and is the father of a child.
# Mount Selkirk

Mount Selkirk is a 2,930-metre (9,610-foot) mountain summit located in the Vermilion River Valley along the eastern border of Kootenay National Park. Park visitors can see the peak from Highway 93, also known as the Banff–Windermere Highway. It is part of the Mitchell Range, which is a sub-range of the Canadian Rockies of British Columbia, Canada. The nearest higher neighbor is Catlin Peak, 1.6 km (0.99 mi) to the northwest.

## History

The mountain was named in 1886 by George Mercer Dawson in honor of Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk (1771-1820), a Scottish philanthropist who sponsored immigrant settlements at the Red River Colony in what is now Manitoba. The mountain's toponym was officially adopted in 1924 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.

## Geology

Mount Selkirk is composed principally of Ottertail limestone, sedimentary rock laid down during the Precambrian to Cambrian periods and pushed east and over the top of younger rock during the Laramide orogeny.

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Selkirk is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into tributaries of the Vermilion River.

## Gallery

* Catlin Peak and Mount Selkirk (right)
* Mount Selkirk (left) and Catlin Peak (center) from northeast at Sunshine Meadows
# Scleropogon duncani

Scleropogon duncani is a species of robber flies (insects in the family Asilidae).
# David Smith (Oklahoma politician)

David Smith is an American politician serving as a member of the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 18th district. He assumed office on November 21, 2018.

## Early life and education

Smith is a native of Pushmataha County, Oklahoma and grew up in the small community of Divide. He earned an associate degree from Cochise College and a Bachelor of Science in business management from the University of Phoenix.

## Career

Smith served in the Military Intelligence Corps of the United States Army for four years. He was elected to the Oklahoma House of Representatives in November 2018. During the 2019–2020 legislative session, Smith served as vice chair of the House Wildlife Committee. In the 2021–2022 session, he is vice chair of the House Veterans and Military Affairs Committee. In February 2020, Smith authored House Bill 3395, which would have implemented a version of stop and frisk in Oklahoma. The bill was criticized by members of the House and did not reach the floor for a vote.
# Antonio Corgos

Antonio Corgos Cervantes (born 10 March 1960 in Barcelona, Catalonia) is a retired long jumper from Spain. He won two silver medals at the European Athletics Indoor Championships as well as one at the 1982 European Athletics Championships. He was also a silver medallist at the 1983 Mediterranean Games and the 1983 Ibero-American Championships in Athletics. Corgos was an Olympic finalist on three occasions, his best result being fifth at the 1988 Seoul Olympics.
He set personal bests of 8.23 m (27 ft 0 in) in the long jump and 16.33 m (53 ft 6+3⁄4 in) in the triple jump (indoors).

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Spain ||||||
| 1980 | European Indoor Championships | Sindelfingen, West Germany | 15th | Triple jump | 15.46 m |
| 1980 | Olympic Games | Moscow, Soviet Union | 7th | Long jump | 8.09 m (+0.2 m/s) |
| 1981 | European Indoor Championships | Grenoble, France | 2nd | Long jump | 7.97 m |
| 1982 | European Indoor Championships | Milan, Italy | 10th | Long jump | 7.48 m |
| 1982 | European Championships | Athens, Greece | 2nd | Long jump | 8.19 m (+0.4 m/s) |
| 1983 | World Championships | Helsinki, Finland | 7th | Long jump | 8.06 m (+0.3 m/s) |
| 1983 | Mediterranean Games | Casablanca, Morocco | 2nd | Long jump | 7.75 m |
| 1983 | Ibero-American Championships | Barcelona, Spain | 2nd | Long jump | 7.90 m (+0.4 m/s) |
| 1984 | Olympic Games | Los Angeles, United States | 10th | Long jump | 7.69 m (-1.1 m/s) |
| 1985 | European Indoor Championships | Piraeus, Greece | 6th | Long jump | 7.94 m |
| 1986 | European Indoor Championships | Madrid, Spain | 4th | Long jump | 8.12 m |
| 1988 | European Indoor Championships | Budapest, Hungary | 10th | Long jump | 7.64 m |
| 1988 | Ibero-American Championships | Mexico City, Mexico | 3rd | Long jump | 8.08 m (0.0 m/s) A |
| 1988 | Olympic Games | Seoul, South Korea | 5th | Long jump | 8.03 m (+0.5 m/s) |
| 1989 | European Indoor Championships | The Hague, Netherlands | 2nd | Long jump | 8.12 m |
| 1989 | World Cup | Barcelona, Spain | 7th | Long jump | 7.06 m |
| 1990 | European Indoor Championships | Glasgow, United Kingdom | 11th | Long jump | 7.70 m |
| 1992 | Ibero-American Championships | Seville, Spain | 6th | Long jump | 7.69 m w (+2.8 m/s) |
# Rheumatobates vegatus

Rheumatobates vegatus is a species of water strider in the family Gerridae. It is found in the Caribbean Sea, Central America, and North America.