OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Strupbreen

Strupbreen is a glacier located in Lyngen Municipality in Troms county, Norway. The 8.7-square-kilometre (3.4 sq mi) glacier is located in the Lyngen Alps, about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) north of the village of Lyngseidet. Historically, the glacier has at times reached all the way down to the Lyngenfjorden. Today the end of the glacier lies about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from the shoreline, with a small stream of water flowing from the glacier to the fjord.
The glacier, at about its Little Ice Age maximum extent shed ice blocks onto the shoreline below. This formed a cone of ice separated from the main glacier snout. This cone was used as an ice supply for fishing vessels.
The glacier and its associated ice-dammed lake were investigated by the University of Leicester Arctic Norway Expedition in 1969. Publications arising from this include work on the size and retreat of Strupbreen and on the drainage of the lake Strupvatnet. The ice dammed lake, Strupvatnet, was first explored by the English climbers William Cecil Slingsby and Geoffrey Hastings and the Norwegian Elias Hogrenning in 1898.
# Rudolf von Marogna-Redwitz

Rudolf Graf von Marogna-Redwitz (15 October 1886 – 12 October 1944) was a Colonel of the Wehrmacht, member of the German Resistance in Nazi Germany and hanged after the 20 July plot against Adolf Hitler at the Wolf's Lair in East Prussia.

## Early life

Born in Munich, Rudolf Graf von Marogna-Redwitz completed his training to be a career officer in the German Imperial Army. He worked initially in a successor organization to military counterintelligence after the First World War. In the 1920s he became acquainted with Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg at the Reichswehr Reiterregiment 17 in Bamberg.

## Second World War

In 1935, he was transferred to the Abwehr of Wilhelm Canaris and was sent to Vienna in 1938, where he served as the Chief of the counterintelligence office aka Abwehr department Vienna. Marogna-Redwitz cooperated with the catholic-conservative parts of resistance in Austria. After Canaris was disbanded out of office in early 1944, Marogna-Redwitz was transferred to the Army High Command in Berlin at the instigation of Friedrich Olbricht.
Among those who worked for him was Lieutenant Colonel Werner Schrader.
Marogna-Redwitz belonged to the tight circle with the brothers Claus Graf Schenk von Stauffenberg and Berthold Graf Schenk von Stauffenberg and was scheduled as the plotter's liaison officer in Vienna.

### 20 July plot

On 20 July 1944, while in Vienna, he contacted the Austrian Politicians Karl Seitz and Josef Reither and took action against local Nazis but was soon arrested by the Gestapo, he was sentenced to death by the Volksgerichtshof or the People's Court on 12 October 1944 and hanged at Plötzensee Prison in Berlin the same day.

## Personal life

Marogna-Redwitz and wife Anna Gräfin von Arco-Zinneberg had one daughter and two sons.
# William Betham (1779–1853)

Sir William Betham (1779–1853) was an English-born Irish herald and antiquarian who held the office of Ulster King of Arms from 1820 until his death in 1853. He had previously served as the Deputy Ulster from 1807 to 1820. He was knighted in 1812 by King George III.

## Biography

Betham was born at Stradbroke in Suffolk on 22 May 1779, the eldest son, by his wife Mary Damant, of Rev. William Betham (1749–1839) a clergyman and antiquarian, and author of the five volume work The Baronetage of England, or the History of the English Baronets, and such Baronets of Scotland as are of English Families, with Genealogical Tables and Engravings of their Armorial Bearings, published 1801-1805.
Betham took an active part in the proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, from the period of his admission to it as a member in 1820. He became one of its governing body, acted as secretary, and made contributions to its publications. He was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1838.
He died suddenly on 26 October 1853, at his home in Rockford, County Dublin, having spent the previous day writing letters at the Office at Arms. He is buried in Carrickbrennan Churchyard in Monkstown, County Dublin.

## Works

Betham made genealogical notes from virtually all of the prerogative wills of Ireland from 1536–1800 and formed them into charts of pedigrees. He worked on these Will Pedigrees for eighteen years, from 30 November 1808 until 21 October 1826. Most of the prerogative wills of Ireland were later destroyed in the fire at the Public Records Office at Four Courts in Dublin during the Irish Civil War on 13 April 1922. Betham's work provided a valuable substitute for these lost records.
Betham’s original notebooks are now in the National Archives of Ireland and the Genealogical Office in Dublin has his sketch pedigrees based on his will abstracts. Abstracts from Betham's own notebooks are now published online on www.findmypast.ie There are over 400,000 genealogical abstracts for wills up to 1800, and marriage licenses to 1810. The transcripts include all the key details from the original records, including name, age, birth year, marriage year, death year, event year/ date, spouse's name, married, occupation, residence, and documentary source.
# George S. Blake

George Smith Blake (March 5, 1802 – June 24, 1871) was a commodore in the United States Navy. He was Superintendent of the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland (and Newport, R.I. During the Civil War) from September 15, 1857 to September 9, 1865. The USC&GS George S. Blake was named in his honor.
He was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1859.
# Staffordshire helmet

The Staffordshire helmet is an Anglo-Saxon helmet discovered in 2009 as part of the Staffordshire Hoard. It is part of the largest discovery of contemporary gold and silver metalwork in Britain, which contained more than 4,000 precious fragments, approximately a third of which came from a single high-status helmet. Following those found at Benty Grange (1848), Sutton Hoo (1939), Coppergate (1982), Wollaston (1997), and Shorwell (2004), it is only the sixth known Anglo-Saxon helmet.
The helmet, along with the entire hoard, was purchased jointly by the Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery and the Potteries Museum & Art Gallery, and is currently undergoing conservation work. In 2012 a second find of metalwork, including the second cheek guard, was made at the original site.
The helmet is believed to have been made around AD 600–650. Two replicas of the crested helmet have been made for display in the museums in Birmingham and Stoke.
# John Davis (U.S. district court judge)

John Davis (January 25, 1761 – January 14, 1847) was a delegate to the Massachusetts convention to ratify the United States Constitution, Comptroller for the United States Department of the Treasury, United States Attorney for the District of Massachusetts and a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts.

## Education and career

Born on January 25, 1761, in Plymouth, Province of Massachusetts Bay, British America, Davis graduated from Harvard University in 1781 and read law in 1786. He was a delegate to the Massachusetts convention to ratify the United States Constitution in 1788. He was a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives. He was a member of the Massachusetts Senate in 1795. He was Comptroller for the United States Department of the Treasury from 1795 to 1796. He was the United States Attorney for the District of Massachusetts from 1796 to 1801.

## Federal judicial service

Davis was nominated by President John Adams on February 18, 1801, to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts vacated by Judge John Lowell. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on February 20, 1801, and received his commission the same day. On March 4, 1813, he swore in Elbridge Gerry as Vice President of the United States at Elbridge's home in Massachusetts. His service terminated on July 10, 1841, due to his resignation.

## Death

Davis died on January 14, 1847, in Boston, Massachusetts.

## Memberships

Davis was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1792, Davis was also elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1813.
# Pierre Jean Édouard Desor

Pierre Jean Édouard Desor (13 February 1811, Friedrichsdorf, Grand Duchy of Hesse – 23 February 1882) was a Swiss geologist and naturalist.

## Biography

Desor studied law at Giessen and Heidelberg, was compromised in the republican movements of 1832/3 (see, for example, Hambach Festival and Frankfurter Wachensturm), and escaped to Paris. Here his attention was drawn to geology. He made excursions with Élie de Beaumont, and in 1837 met Louis Agassiz at a meeting of naturalists in Neufchâtel. With Gressli and Vogt, Desor became an active collaborator with Agassiz, studying palaeontology and glacial phenomena, and contributing the essays for vol. iii. of Agassiz's Monographie d'echinodermes vivants et fossiles (Neufchâtel, 1842). Desor also published Excursions et sejours dans les glaciers et les hautes régions des Alpes de M. Agassiz et de ses compagnons de voyage (Neufchâtel, 1844).
Together with James David Forbes, Desor ascended the Jungfrau in 1841. He was in a guided party on the first ascent of the Lauteraarhorn on 8 August 1842 and of the Rosenhorn summit of the Wetterhorn on 28 August 1844.
He spent a few years in the north of Europe, especially in Scandinavia, investigating the erratic phenomena peculiar to that region, From strata he examined in Denmark he introduced the term Danian in 1847, to characterize the oldest stage of the Paleogene. Desor accompanied Agassiz in 1847 to the United States, found employment in the coast survey, and made with Whitney, Foster, and Rogers a geological survey of the mineral district of Lake Superior.
Returning to Neufchâtel in 1852, he investigated with Gressli the orography of the Jura for industrial purposes. Desor became professor of geology at the academy of Neuchâtel, continued his studies on the structure of glaciers, but gave special attention to the study of Jurassic Echinoderms. He also investigated the old lake-habitations of Switzerland, and made important observations on the physical features of the Sahara. In 1862, he was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society. He was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1871.
Having inherited considerable property he retired to Combe Varin in Val-de-Travers. He died in Nice on 23 February 1882.

## Works

His chief publications were:
* Échinites (in French). Neuchâtel. 1842.
* Synopsis des Échinides fossiles (1858)
* Aus Sahara und Atlas (Leipzig, 1865)
* Der Gebirgsbau der Alpen (1865)
* Die Pfahlbauten des Neuenburger Sees (1866)
* Échinologie helvétique (2 vols., Paris, 1868–1873, with Perceval de Loriol)
* Le paysage morainique (1875)

## Taxa named by Pierre Jean Édouard Desor

* Asterias forbesi - the Forbes Sea star.
# John Heckewelder

John Gottlieb Ernestus Heckewelder (March 12, 1743 – January 21, 1823) was an American missionary for the Moravian Church.

## Early life

Heckewelder was born in Bedford, England and came to Pennsylvania in 1754. After finishing his education, he was an apprentice to a cooper. Following a visit to Ohio with Christian F. Post, a colonial agent, in 1762 he began temporary employment in the Moravian missions at Friedenshütten and Sheshequin, Pennsylvania.

## Career

In 1771, he began his career as an evangelist to the Indians, being appointed assistant to David Zeisberger, in Ohio, where he remained for fifteen years. In 1792, at the request of the Secretary of War, he accompanied Gen. Rufus Putnam to Post Vincennes to treat with the Indians. In 1793 he was again commissioned to assist at a treaty with the Indians of the lakes.
In his book, Heckewelder explained the beliefs of the Delaware Lenape, that the creator "made the Earth and all that it contains for the common good of mankind; when he stocked the country that he gave them with plenty of game, it was not for the benefit of a few, but of all; everything was given in common to the sons of men. Whatever liveth on the land, whatsoever groweth out of the Earth, and all that is in the rivers and waters was given jointly to all and everyone is entitled to his share. From this principle hospitality flows as from its source."
Between 1797 and 1800, he lived predominantly in Ohio, where he was in the civil service as a postmaster, justice of the peace, and an associate justice of the court of common pleas. He settled at Gnadenhutten, Ohio, in 1801, and devoted himself to the duties of his agency. In 1810, he resigned and engaged in literary pursuits in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania until his death.
In 1822, Heckewelder was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society.

## Literary work

Heckewelder studied the languages, manners, and customs of American Indians, particularly the Delawares. As a member of the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia, several of his contributions were published by the society. Heckewelder also published Account of the History, Manners, and Customs of the Indian Nations who once inhabited Pennsylvania and the Neighboring States (Philadelphia, 1818; German translation, Göttingen, 1821; French translation, Paris, 1822); Narrative of the Mission of the United Brethren among the Delawares and Mohegan Indians (Philadelphia, 1820); and a collection of Names which the Lenni Lenape or Delaware Indians gave to Rivers, Streams, and Localities within the States of Pennsylvania. New Jersey, Maryland, and Virginia, with their Signification (1822).
Many of his manuscripts are currently housed in the collections of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia.

## Legacy

* The John Heckewelder Memorial Moravian Church in Gnadenhutten, Ohio was named in his honor.
# Sergio Vastano

Sergio Vastano (born 20 December 1952) is an Italian comedian and actor.

## Life and career

Born in Rome into a family of Calabrian origins, Vastano started his career on radio, and made his first television appearances as a sidekick of Andy Luotto. He had his breakout in the mid-1980s, playing the "Bocconiano", a bumbling parody of a Bocconi failing student, in the sketch comedy show Drive In. Following the closure of the show, he took part in a large number of television programs, notably Striscia la notizia, Paperissima, I Cervelloni and Festivalbar.
Vastano was also active on stage, where he worked in the companies led by Andrea Giordana and Lucia Poli, among others. In films, Vastano was mainly cast in character roles. In 1988, he was part of the musical project I Figli di Bubba, a supergroup led by Premiata Forneria Marconi members Mauro Pagani and Franz Di Cioccio, with whom he entered the main competition at the 38th Sanremo Music Festival and recorded the album Essi.

## Selected filmography

* Al bar dello sport (1983)
* Italian Fast Food (1986)
* Yuppies (1986)
* Le finte bionde (1989)
* Night Club (1989)
* Crazy Underwear (1992)
* Ragazzi della notte (1995)
# Obadiah Rich

Obadiah Rich (November 25, 1777 – January 20, 1850) was an American diplomat, bibliophile and bibliographer specializing in the history of Latin America. He was credited with making the field of Americana a recognized field of scholarship by the bibliographer Nicholas Trübner.

## Life and career

Obadiah Rich was born on Cape Cod, at Truro, Massachusetts, on November 25, 1777. He was the son of Captain Obadiah Rich (1758–1805) who commanded the brig Intrepid in the American Revolutionary War and his first wife Salome Lombard (1761–1807). He was the older brother of the botanist William Rich.
Obadiah Rich was elected to the Massachusetts Historical Society at the early age of 22, and helped found the Anthology Society in 1804, which later became the Boston Athenæum. President James Madison appointed him American consul in Valencia, Spain, in 1816. He was consul in Madrid from 1823, and was working full-time in the book trade in London by 1830. He was again resident in Madrid and in Mahón on the island of Menorca between 1834 and 1835. He was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1834.
While in Spain, Rich compiled an extensive collection of ancient Spanish and Latin American books and manuscripts, and was part of the circle of Latin America historians and scholars that included George Ticknor, William H. Prescott, and Washington Irving, who researched his 1828 biography of Christopher Columbus while staying with Rich in Madrid.
Rich wrote A Catalog of Books relating principally to America, arranged under the Years in which they were printed, 1500-1700 (London, 1832); Miscellaneous Catalog of Books in all Languages (1834), and Bibliotheca Americana Nova, or a Catalog of Books in Various Languages, relating to America, printed since the Year 1700 (2 vols., London and New York, Volume I, 1835 and Volume II, 1846).
He died in London in 1850.

## The collection

Rich's books eventually were acquired by Edward G. Allen of London, and dispersed. A substantial portion were acquired by the American bibliophile James Lenox in 1848 who subsequently donated them to the New York Public Library in 1897. The Obadiah Rich Collection is now housed in the Library's Manuscripts and Archives Division.
This collection contains hundreds of original manuscripts and transcriptions of manuscripts covering the period from Christopher Columbus's first voyage of 1492 to the last years of the colonial period. The collection contains papers on New Spain (Mexico), Peru and the other Spanish colonies and Brazil. The collection is documented in the catalog Colonial Latin American Manuscripts and Transcripts in the Obadiah Rich Collection. Among his notable pieces is the only known copy of the first printing of Columbus's announcement of his discovery (Barcelona, 1493) and "The Brief and Most Concise Christian Doctrine in the Mexican Language" of Juan de Zumárraga, first bishop of Mexico. This volume is considered to be the first book printed in the Americas. It was printed in an imported press in the Casa de las Campanas in Mexico City in 1543, nearly one hundred years before the first book was printed in the English colonies.
# Hunky and Spunky

Hunky and Spunky are fictional characters appearing in the series of animated short subjects produced by Fleischer Studios for Paramount Pictures from 1938 to 1941. Filmed in Technicolor (three-strip), the series revolves around a mother burro and her son.

## History

Hunky is a mother burro and Spunky is her young son. The initial film, titled Hunky and Spunky, takes place in the Old West, where a prospector attempts to make Spunky into his pack animal. Hunky and Spunky was nominated for the 1938 Academy Award for Best Short Subject (Cartoons). A positive contemporary review of Hunky and Spunky in Film Daily praised the short for introducing "funny new characters", and stated that the short's device of having the animals speak in "donkey talk" "will amuse the kids".
Fleischer Studios went on to produce six more cartoons featuring Hunky and Spunky: Always Kickin' (1939), The Barnyard Brat (1939), A Kick in Time (1940), Snubbed by a Snob (1940), You Can't Shoe a Horse Fly (1940), and Vitamin Hay (1941).
After Famous Studios succeeded Fleischer Studios in 1942, they revived the Spunky character alone for three animated shorts in their Noveltoons series: the patriotic Yankee Doodle Donkey (1944), in a supporting role to Casper the Friendly Ghost in Boo Kind To Animals (1955), and in a simplified drawing style in Okey Dokey Donkey (1958). A donkey which looks similar to Spunky has a cameo role in the 1957 Casper cartoon Ghost of Honor.

## Filmography
### Color Classics

| Title | Original release date | Directed by |
| Hunky and Spunky | June 24, 1938 | Dave Fleischer |
| Always Kickin' | January 27, 1939 | Dave Fleischer |
| The Barnyard Brat | June 30, 1939 | Dave Fleischer |
| A Kick in Time | May 17, 1940 | Dave Fleischer |
| Snubbed by a Snob | July 19, 1940 | Dave Fleischer |
| You Can't Shoe a Horse Fly | August 23, 1940 | Dave Fleischer |
| Vitamin Hay | August 22, 1941 | Dave Fleischer |

### Noveltoons

| Title | Directed by | Animated by | Story by | Scenics by | Original release date |
| Yankee Doodle Donkey | I. Sparber | Nick Tafuri, Tom Golden | Jack Mercer, Jack Ward | N/A | November 27, 1944 |
| Okey Dokey Donkey | I. Sparber | Al Eugster, Dante Barbetta | Jack Mercer | John Zago | May 16, 1958 |

### Casper The Friendly Ghost

| Title | Directed by | Animated by | Story by | Scenics by | Original release date |
| Boo Kind to Animals | I. Sparber | Tom Golden, Bill Hudson | Carl Meyer | Robert Owen | December 23, 1955 |
| Ghost of Honor | I. Sparber | Myron Waldman, Nick Tafuri | I. Klein | Robert Owen | July 19, 1957 |
# Jack Fry

Jack Fry is an American businessman, former firefighter and Republican politician He served as Midwest City Mayor, and holds a seat in the Oklahoma State Senate. Fry was first elected mayor of Midwest City in 2010 and re-elected without opposition in 2014, won the District 42 senate seat vacated by term-limited Cliff Aldridge. He is the primary sponsor of 49 bills.

## State senate

Elections for the office of Oklahoma State Senate took place in 2014. A primary election took place on June 24, 2014. The general election was held on November 4, 2014. Jack Fry defeated Greg Childers in the Republican primary, while Hiawatha N. Bouldin, Jr. was unopposed in the Democratic primary and Charles Thompson as the independent candidate. Fry defeated Bouldin and Thompson in the general election.

### 2017 legislative session

At the beginning of the 2017 legislative session, this legislator served on the following committees:
[hide]Oklahoma committee assignments, 2017 :
* • Appropriations
* • General Government
* • Public Safety, Chair
* • Transportation