OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Carbonic anhydrase 4

Carbonic anhydrase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CA4 gene.

## Function

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. They participate in a variety of biological processes, including respiration, calcification, acid-base balance, bone resorption, and the formation of aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and gastric acid. They show extensive diversity in tissue distribution and in their subcellular localization. CA IV is a glycosylphosphatidyl-inositol-anchored membrane isozyme expressed on the luminal surfaces of pulmonary (and certain other) capillaries and of proximal renal tubules. Its exact function is not known, however, it may have a role in inherited renal abnormalities of bicarbonate transport.
CA IV has been identified in pulmonary epithelium of many mammalian species and may be uniquely adaptive for gas exchange necessary for the high metabolic requirements of mammals. A majority of the CO$_2$ produced by metabolism is transported as bicarbonate (HCO$^−$ $_3$). At the tissue capillary, CO$_2$ diffuses from tissue to plasma. Other forms of carbonic anhydrase enzyme are not present in the plasma, restricting the equilibrium reaction of CO$_2$+H$_2$O = H $_2$CO $_3$ = H+ HCO$^−$ $_3$. CO$_2$ in the plasma diffuses into the Red Blood Cell. CA is present within the Red Blood Cell, facilitating the conversion of CO$_2$ to HCO$^−$ $_3$. HCO$^−$ $_3$ so produced is transferred by the HCO$^−$ $_3$/Cl- "shuttle" from the interior of the Red Blood Cell to the plasma. HCO$^−$ $_3$ does not diffuse across cell membranes and, in the absence of CA, stays as HCO$^−$ $_3$ and concentrates in plasma. Up to 80% of metabolically produced CO$_2$ is transported in plasma in the form of HCO$^−$ $_3$. Blood moves from the tissue capillary to the pulmonary capillary where CO$_2$ is exchanged at the lung. In the pulmonary capillary, bicarbonate can not simply diffuse either into the Red Blood Cell or the alveoli. It is traditionally thought that HCO$^−$ $_3$ is returned to the interior of the Red Blood Cell by a reversal of the HCO$^−$ $_3$/Cl- shuttle, where, in the presence of CA, it is returned to a CO$_2$ form to diffuse from the interior of the Red Blood Cell, to the plasma and then into the alveoli. Membrane bound CA (CA IV) on the luminal side of the pulmonary membrane would have direct contact with plasma HCO$^−$ $_3$ and would enzymatically convert HCO$^−$ $_3$ to CO$_2$ in the area immediately proximal to the exchange membrane, greatly increasing the concentration gradient for exchange. In this way, plasma HCO$^−$ $_3$ can be converted to CO$_2$ within the plasma compartment and exchanged with the alveoli without the requirement of returning the HCO$^−$ $_3$ to the interior of the Red Blood Cell.

## Interactions

CA4 has been shown to interact with Band 3.
# Nantucket (ship)

Painting by William Bradford, who observed the scene the day after the wrecking. :
| History ||
| Name | Nantucket |
| Port of registry | Nantucket, Massachusetts |
| Completed | 1837 |
| Fate | Wrecked off Island of Nashawena, August 7, 1859 |
| General characteristics ||
| Type | Whaler |
| Tons burthen | 350 (bm) |
The Nantucket was a 350-ton whaler built in Nantucket, Massachusetts, in 1837. First master, David N. Edwards, 1837-40 (left ship, replaced by F. C. Sanford), then: George Washington Gardner, 1841–45; Benjamin C. Gardner, 1845–50; Richard C. Gibbs 1850-54 (rescued Captain John Deblois and his crew two days after the ship Ann Alexander was sunk by a whale); Richard C. Gibbs (1855–59).
On Nantucket's last voyage, Richard C. Gibbs carried his wife, Almira, who kept a detailed and very interesting journal. The ship whaled off the Pacific coast of South America, and Almira Gibbs' journal includes many descriptions of South American ports and people, as well as accounts of social encounters with other whaling wives.
"Almira went a-whaling with no romantic illusions at all -- which was lucky, as the old ship was slow and uncomfortable. "I can hardly walk about, I fetch up sometimes where I start for and sometimes somewhere else," she wrote in June 1857. Captain John Deblois, the man rescued by Richard Gibbs after his ship Ann Alexander was sunk by a whale, carried his wife, Henrietta, on the whaling ship Merlin, and in May 1858 she and Almira Gibbs met in one of the mid-sea visits whalemen called "gams." Henrietta wrote, "The sail proved to be the Nantucket, Captain Gibbs. They came on board and spent the day. Had a delightful time. Very pleasant people. Under God, I am indebted to Capt. G. for the safety of my husband."
The Nantucket did not raise the shores of home until the afternoon of August 7, 1859. Block Island was sighted at two p.m. A pilot was taken on board at four p.m., and he wrecked the ship on the southwest end of the Island of Nashawena. "So ends a long voyage," wrote Almira. "Saved our oild but lost the Ship after carrying us safely over thousands of miles by water we left her upon the Rocks." Details of the ship come from Judith Navas Lund, whaling Masters and Whaling Voyages Sailing from American Ports. Almira's journal is quoted extensively in Joan Druett, Petticoat Whalers, Whaling Wives at Sea 1820-1920. (University Press of New England, 2001).

## Footnotes

* ↑ Log at Nantucket Historical Association
* ↑ Microfilmed at the Nantucket Athenaeum, film now held by the Pacific Manuscripts Bureau, Canberra, and copies held by participating libraries.
* ↑ Journal held at the Newport Historical Society
* ↑ New Bedford Whaling Museum publication, 2001.
# ABCC9

ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C member 9 (ABCC9) also known as sulfonylurea receptor 2 (SUR2) is an ATP-binding cassette transporter that in humans is encoded by the ABCC9 gene.

## Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the MRP subfamily which is involved in multi-drug resistance. This protein is thought to form ATP-sensitive potassium channels in cardiac, skeletal, and vascular and non-vascular smooth muscle. Protein structure suggests a role as the drug-binding channel-modulating subunit of the extrapancreatic ATP-sensitive potassium channels. Alternative splicing of this gene results in several products, two of which result from differential usage of two terminal exons and one of which results from exon deletion.
* SUR2A — uses exon 38A
* SUR2B — uses exon 38B
* SUR-delta-14 — lack exon 14 and uses exon 38A

## Clinical significance

The gene has been associated with dilated cardiomyopathy and Cantú syndrome.
A variant has also been associated with circa 25 minutes more sleep per day in humans; lack thereof has been associated with three hours less sleep per day in fruit flies.
A study involving 12,901 individuals from Iceland demonstrated a link between variants of the ABCC9 gene and higher vocal pitch in both men and women. This discovery establishes ABCC9 as the first identified genetic locus associated with vocal pitch.
# Harald Ambros

Harald Ambros (born 19 March 1980 in Linz, Austria) is an Austrian equestrian. He competed in the Individual eventing at the 2004, 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics.
Ambros was born in Linz.
# Louis Conrad

Louis Conrad may refer to:
* Louis Conrad Pelletier (1852–1929), Quebec lawyer and political figure
* Louis Conrad Rosenberg (1890–1983), American artist, architect, author, and educator
# Heinrich Isser

Heinrich "Heini" Isser (12 May 1928 – 18 May 2004) was an Austrian bobsledder-luger who competed during the 1950s and 1960s. He was born in Matrei in Osttirol.

## Luge career

Isser won five medals at the European luge championships with two golds (Men's doubles: 1952, 1955) and three silvers (Men's singles: 1953, Men's doubles: 1951, 1953).

## Bobsled career

Isser also won a bronze medal in the Four-man event at the 1962 FIBT World Championships in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, West Germany. He also finished tenth in the four-man event as well as twelfth in the two-man event at the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo.
# William H. Cox Jr.

William H. Cox Jr. (born July 15, 1942) is an American politician from Maryland. He served in the Maryland House of Delegates from 1971 to 1990.

## Early life

William H. Cox Jr. was born on July 15, 1942, in Edgewood, Maryland. He attended Harford County Public Schools and the University of Baltimore.

## Career

Cox is a Democrat. Cox served in the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Harford County, from 1971 to 1974. He continued serving from 1975 to 1982, representing District 6. He continued serving from 1983 to 1990, representing District 34. He was a member of the Ways and Means Committee. He served as the deputy majority whip from 1977 to 1983 and the deputy majority floor leader from 1983 to 1990.
Cox is a real estate broker and developer. He is a member of the board of directors of Fallston General Hospital.

## Personal life

Cox is married with two children.
# Hillbringse

The Hillbringse (also known as the Einsel, a name for part of river's course) is a small river of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is 4.6 km long and flows into the Aa near Brilon.

## Course

A section of the stream in the north has been straightened due to immediately adjacent agricultural use, but most of the stream has retained a natural course. The Einsel borders pasture land to the east. It flows through quarrying and grassland areas in the limestone hills southwest of Brilon.
# Vakkuruthi

Vakkuruthi (/vɑːkkuruði/ transl. Pledge) is a 1973 Indian Tamil-language film starring Jaishankar, Vennira Aadai Nirmala and Major Sundarrajan, with Cho Ramaswamy, Thengai Srinivasan and Anjali Devi appearing in supporting roles. It was released on 7 September 1973.

## Production

The film was launched in early February 1973 at Gemini Studios.

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by Shankar–Ganesh.
| Song | Singers | Length |
| "Kanne Thedivanthathu Yugam" | T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela | 04:30 |
| "Paadangalai Chollida Vaa Paarvaiyile" | T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela | 04:13 |
| " Nallavar vazhku " | T. M. Soundararajan | 04:13 |

## Reception

Kanthan of Kalki praised the performances of star cast, cinematography, direction and dialogues but felt there were too many songs and none of them were good and concluded it would have been a good film if there were no songs, no glamour, no artificial events.
# François Bailly

François Bailly (c. 1630-1690) was a French mason, architect and official who was a prominent citizen in Montreal.

## Biography

Born in France, he came to Canada in 1659 under contract with the Abbé Queylus. He formed partnerships first with Urbain Brossard then with Michel Bouvier. His most notable work was the Notre-Dame Church (Montreal), built under the direction of François Dollier de Casson, which was on a grander scale than the Notre-Dame de Québec Cathedral in Quebec City.
Bailly also held public offices. By 1663 Bailly had joined the Sainte-Famille militia. In 1667, he was appointed a sergeant-royal and in 1676 a prison warden.

## Works

While Notre-Dame was his greatest project, Bailly also was commissioned on other projects:
* barn for Hotel-Dieu at Fort Ville-Marie 1659 (demolished 1688) now site of Montreal Museum of Archaeology and History
* unknown bakery in Montreal 1683

## Gallery

* Notre-Dame Church (Montreal)
* Notre-Dame Church district in Montreal
* The Notre-Dame Basilica next to the old church
* Place d'Armes in 1828
# MV Almezaan

MV Almezaan is a general cargo vessel active off the Horn of Africa. Originally built as the Tarcau, she was renamed in November 2001. The name can be translated from Arabic as "the balance" or "the scales" as well as justice and equity.

## Pirate attacks

The vessel has been attacked three times by Somali pirates. The first attack and capture was 1 May 2009, when the vessel, said to be taking wheat and used vehicles to Mogadishu, was captured and taken to Harardhere. It was released on 6 May 2009, reportedly without a ransom being paid and after it was confirmed that it had been hired by a local trader.
The second attack was 8 November 2009. The ship was held off Garacad and released on 19 November 2009, after a ransom of $15,000 was paid. The ship was believed to be carrying small arms, ammunition, rockets, and rocket-propelled grenades, as well as armoured vehicles, but this was later denied by the owners.
The ship was again attacked on 20 March 2010, while on its way to Mogadishu. The attack was repelled by a private security guard convoy, and one pirate was killed. Six suspected pirates were captured by Navfor the same day, but released after the master and crew of the Almezaan refused to testify.
# Bhit

Bhit or Bhit Shah (Sindhi: ڀٽ شاهه) is a small town located in Matiari District, Sindh, Pakistan. The town is best known as the location of the shrine to the Sindhi Sufi poet Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai, who came to be called Bhittai (Sindhi: ڀٽائي, of Bhit) on account of the town's name (the town is also known as Bhit Shah due to this connection). Passing along the road that leaves Hala for Hyderabad, beyond the shrubs there are a solitary group of large white mounds, which form hills known as Bhit in Sindhi.

## Shrine of Abdul Latif Bhittai

The Shrine of Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai, located in the centre of the town, was built by Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro, who ruled over Sindh during the late 1700s. Kalhoro ordered the shrine to be built in 1772. It is a structure covered with traditional Sindhi Kashi tiles, glazed in the colours such as blue and turquoise. The final resting place of Shah Latif is under the main-dome of the building. His grave is enclosed by a carved wooden screen and lies under a fresco. Musicians are often seen serenading the constant trickle of devotees who visit the saint. On Thursday evenings, locals gather around to remember the Sufi saint, by reciting his poems and playing music. The Urs of Shah Latif is celebrated in the Islamic month of Safar.

## Museum

Located close to the shrine is the small Bhit Shah Museum which houses exhibits of folktales mentioned in Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai's best known work, Shah Jo Risalo. These include Sohni Mehar and Umar Marui.
# Kaukaba

Kaukaba, Kaukabet El-Arab or Kaukaba Station is a municipality in the Hasbaya District in the Nabatieh Governorate in southern Lebanon.

## Archaeology

By the village is a Neolithic archaeological site East of Majdel Balhis near Rashaya in the Beqaa Valley, Lebanon. It was first found by P. Billaux in 1957 who alerted Jesuit Archaeologists, Fathers Henri Fleisch and Tallon. Open air site excavations by L. and F. Skeels were also carried out in 1964.
The rock shelter site lies amongst fields covered with basalt boulders from ancient lava flows. It is in a low pass from the Karaoun Dam to Rashaya. This area is close to the 4 heads of the Jordan River and is drained by feeders such as the Dan, Banias, Hasbani and Upper Jordan rivers, North of Hasbaya.
Artefacts found on the surface included flint axes, sickles, obsidian, basalt vessels and arrowheads dated to the oldest Neolithic periods. Prominent artefacts found included a series of flint picks with heavily worn points due to extremely heavy usage. Fragments of agricultural tools such as basalt hoes have been found with very slight dating suggesting the 6th millennium or earlier. Flints were not knapped on site and the centre of the hoe production has not yet been found.

## History

In 1838, during the Ottoman era, Eli Smith noted the population of Kaukaba as Maronite and Druze, while in 1875, Victor Guérin found the population to mostly be Maronite.

## Demographics

In 2014 Christians made up 98.54% of registered voters in Kaukaba. 88.13% of the voters were Maronite Catholics.
# André Duarte

André Lourenço Duarte (born 12 September 1997) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a defender for Hungarian Nemzeti Bajnokság side Újpest.

## Honours

Individual
* FC U Craiova Player of the Year: 2022-23
# Bhit Shah Museum

Bhit Shah Museum is a museum in Bhit Shah in Matiari District of Sindh in southeast Pakistan. It depicts various aspects of the poetry of Sindhi Sufi mystic Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai. The museum was set up as a sister organization to the Bhit Shah Cultural Centre. It is frequented by people visiting the nearby shrine of Bhittai.
It was inaugurated on 10 July 1996 by President Farooq Ahmed Leghari on the eve of the 252nd urs of the saint.
# Mangfallplatz station

Mangfallplatz is an U-Bahn station in Munich on the U1 line of the Munich U-Bahn system. Opened on 9 November 1997 (27 years ago) (1997-11-09), it is the southernmost station on the line.
South of the metro station is the Perlacher Forest, a popular recreational area of Munich. To the northeast are the former US Army McGraw barracks.
# Jennifer Flackett

Jennifer Flackett is an American screenwriter, producer, and director. In television, she has written for series Beverly Hills, 90210, L.A. Law and Earth 2. As a screenwriter, she wrote on the films Madeline (1998), Wimbledon (2004), Little Manhattan (2005), Journey to the Center of the Earth (2008), and Nim's Island (2008), which she also directed.
Flackett works alongside her husband, fellow director and screenwriter Mark Levin. They are the creators of The Man's Guide To Love, which began as a successful video blog offering man-to-man advice on the subject of love. The Man's Guide To Love book will be published by Simon & Schuster, and a feature film they are directing and producing alongside Laurence Mark. Principal photography on The Man's Guide To Love movie commences in Spring 2015.
In 2016, she co-created the animated sitcom Big Mouth, with Levin, Nick Kroll, and Andrew Goldberg.
In 2014 they were writing and creating the half-hour single-camera TV shows Confusing for NBC, and The Courtship of Eddie's Father for Warner Brothers Television.
Both Flackett and Levin made their directorial debut with the film Little Manhattan, although Flackett was not formally credited for her directing work on the film, she was only credited as a writer.
Flackett grew up in Newton, Massachusetts and graduated from Wesleyan University in 1986.
Levin & Flackett recently returned from a one-year, around-the-world journey with their two children. Dubbed "A Year To Think," they visited 38 countries and 110 cities across six continents over 365 days, during which they made 120 short films about their experiences.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Director | Writer |
| 1998 | Madeline | No | Yes |
| 2004 | Wimbledon | No | Yes |
| 2005 | Little Manhattan | No | Yes |
| 2008 | Nim's Island | Yes | Yes |
| 2008 | Journey to the Center of the Earth | No | Yes |
| 2022 | The Adam Project | No | Yes |
# Hellfire Hotchkiss

Hellfire Hotchkiss is an unfinished novel by Mark Twain. Twain completed three chapters of the novel in 1897, mostly while he was residing in Weggis, Switzerland. These remained unpublished until 1967 when they were incorporated into Mark Twain's Satires and Burlesques. As a result the book is not in the public domain.
The novel is notable for the reversed gender roles of its two main characters. The heroine, Rachel "Hellfire" Hotchkiss, is portrayed as a resourceful but temperamental tomboy. Oscar "Thug" Carpenter, in contrast, is portrayed as a sensitive, effeminate, and unstable young man. In one section of the book, a villager remarks, "Pudd'nhead Wilson says Hellfire Hotchkiss is the only genuwyne male man in this town and Thug Carpenter's the only genuwyne female girl, if you leave out sex and just consider the business facts."
According to some sources, the character of Oscar Carpenter was partially based on Twain's brother Orion Clemens, who was notoriously indecisive, while Rachel Hotchkiss may have been based on Twain's friend Lillie Hitchcock.
# Kersti Kreismann

Kersti Kreismann (born 25 January 1947) is an Estonian actress.
Kreissmann graduated from Kilingi-Nõmme High School in 1965. From 1965 to 1968, she studied Estonian philology at University of Tartu. In 1972, she graduated from the Tallinn Conservatory (now, the Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre), studying acting under instruction of actor and theatre pedagogue Voldemar Panso. Among her graduating classmates were Tõnis Rätsep, Ivo Eensalu, Vello Janson, Rein Kotkas, Helle Meri (née Pihlak), Katrin Kumpan, Martin Veinmann, and Juhan Viiding. Afterward, she began an engagement as an actress at the Estonian Drama Theatre. Kreismann has played in radio drama, television broadcasting and TV series (Laxons 1993-1995, M Club 1996-1998, Home in the Middle of the City from 2003). She has also acted in films (for example, Christmas in Vigala in 1980).
In October 1980, Kreismann was a signatory of the Letter of 40 Intellectuals, a public letter in which forty prominent Estonian intellectuals defended the Estonian language and protested the Russification policies of the Kremlin in Estonia. The signatories also expressed their unease against Republic-level government in harshly dealing with youth protests in Tallinn that were sparked a week earlier due to the banning of a public performance of the punk rock band Propeller.

## Personal life

Kreismann is the mother of actor Andres Raag.