OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Outline of Albert Einstein

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Albert Einstein:
Albert Einstein – German-born theoretical physicist. He developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics).$^{:274}$ Einstein's work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science. Einstein is best known by the general public for his mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc$^2$ (which has been dubbed "the world's most famous equation"). He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect", a pivotal step in the evolution of quantum theory. Einstein published more than 300 scientific papers along with over 150 non-scientific works. Einstein's intellectual achievements and originality have made the word "Einstein" synonymous with "genius".

## Achievements and contributions
### Physics

* General relativity
* Mass–energy equivalence (E=MC$^2$)
* Brownian motion
* Fotoelectric effect

## Personal life

* Albert Einstein's political views
* Religious views of Albert Einstein

### Family

Einstein family
* Pauline Koch (mother)
* Hermann Einstein (father)
* Maja Einstein (sister)
* Mileva Marić (first wife)
* Elsa Einstein (second wife)
* Lieserl Einstein (daughter)
* Hans Albert Einstein (son)
* Eduard Einstein (son)
* Bernhard Caesar Einstein (grandson)
* Evelyn Einstein (granddaughter)
* Thomas Martin Einstein (great-grandson)

## Legacy

* Albert Einstein House
* Einstein's Blackboard
* Einstein refrigerator
* Albert Einstein's brain
* Albert Einstein in popular culture
* Einsteinium
* Awards and honors
* List of things named after Albert Einstein
* Einstein Papers Project
* The Einstein Theory of Relativity (1923 documentary)

### Works of Albert Einstein

* Albert Einstein Archives

#### Bibliography of works by Einstein

Scientific publications by Albert Einstein
* Annus Mirabilis papers (1905)
* "Investigations on the Theory of Brownian Movement" (1905)
* Relativity: The Special and the General Theory (1916)
* The World as I See It (1934)
* "Why Socialism?" (1949)
* Russell–Einstein Manifesto (1955)

### Einstein prizes

* Albert Einstein Award
* Albert Einstein Medal
* Albert Einstein Peace Prize
* Albert Einstein World Award of Science
* Einstein Prize (APS)
* Einstein Prize for Laser Science

## Organizations concerning Albert Einstein

* Albert Einstein Society

## Publications about Albert Einstein

* Albert Einstein: Creator and Rebel
* Albert Einstein: The Practical Bohemian
* I Am Albert Einstein

## Films about Albert Einstein

* Einstein (2008)
# Muhannad Al Mubaidin

Muhannad Al Mubaidin is a Jordanian politician currently serving as the Minister of Government Communications.

## Early life and education

Born in 1973 in Karak, a city in southern Jordan, he spent his childhood in the village of Al-Thaniyah. His early education took place in the local school, before transitioning to a school in the Al-Marj area in the late 1980s. He completed his secondary education at Prince Hassan School in 1991, under the administration of Muhammad Uqla Al-Rawashdeh.
He pursued higher education at Mutah University, earning a Bachelor’s degree in History and Archaeology in 1995. Further studies were undertaken at Al al-Bayt University in Mafraq, Jordan, where he achieved a Master’s degree in Modern Islamic History with distinction in 1999. He then went on to obtain a Doctorate in Modern Arab History from the University of Jordan in 2003.

## Career

In a recent cabinet reshuffle by Prime Minister Bisher Khasawneh, Mubaidin has taken on the role of Minister of Government Communications. His contributions have been pivotal in disseminating the strategies and initiatives of various ministries and public bodies to the media and the general public. He has suggested the creation of a dedicated public communication unit within all public institutions and ministries.
Muhannad Al Mubaidin has reiterated the Kingdom's steadfast stance on the conflict in the Gaza Strip involving Israel. His efforts have been focused on diplomatic and humanitarian actions to assist the Gaza Strip and the occupied West Bank. He has emphasized Jordan's efforts, under Royal directives, which include sending food aid and medical assistance to the besieged strip. During King Abdullah's European tour, he has also been successful in shaping the Western narrative about the conflict in Gaza.
# Melanaethus subpunctatus

Melanaethus subpunctatus is a species of burrowing bug in the family Cydnidae. It is found in North America.
# Edmund Bray

Edmund Bray (1686–1725) of Barrington Park, Gloucestershire was a British politician who sat in the English House of Commons from 1701 to 1708 and in the British House of Commons from 1720 to 1722.
Bray was a younger son of Reginald Bray (d. 1688) of Barrington Park and his wife Jane Rainton, daughter of William Rainton of Shilton, Shilton, Oxfordshire, who had a large family of 6 sons and 9 daughters. He married, on 16 December 1697, Frances Morgan, the daughter and heiress of Sir Edward Morgan, 3rd Baronet (d. 1682) of Llantarnam Abbey, Monmouthshire.
Bray was returned as a Whig Member of Parliament for Tewkesbury in the January 1701 election and retained his seat in the second general election of 1701. He was wholly inactive in the House, however, and was granted leave of absence several times over long periods. He was threatened with a challenge at Tewkesbury at the election of 1702, but successfully repelled it. He was returned unopposed again in the 1705 general election, but decided not to stand for re-election at Tewkesbury in 1708. He stood for Cirencester in 1713 but came fourth place in the poll.
In 1720 he succeeded his remaining elder brother William to the Great Barrington estate. Bray was returned as MP for Gloucestershire at a by-election on 22 June 1720 but did not stand at the subsequent general election of 1722.
Bray died on 6 September 1725 and was buried at Great Barrington. Shortly before his death he erected a monument at Great Barrington to commemorate a son and daughter who had died young, which also provided details of his wider family. He was succeeded by his eldest son Reginald Morgan Bray, who sold Barrington Park in 1734 to Charles Talbot, 1st Baron Talbot, the Lord Chancellor, for the use of his son William Talbot and William's wife, Mary de Cardonnel.
# Ahmed Malsagov (politician)

Akhmed Isayevich Malsagov (born on 26 October 1960) is an Ingush-born Russian politician who was a former interim president of the southern Russian republic of Ingushetia. The duration of his term was between December 2001 and May 2002.

## Biography

Akhmed Malsagov was born in Salmalkol in Kazakhstan on 26 October 1960.
In 1999, he was the Minister of Economy, and the First Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Republic of Ingushetia. From November 1999 to June 2002, he was the Chairman of the Government of the Republic of Ingushetia. From 28 December 2001 to 23 May 2002, Malsagov served as the Acting President of the Republic of Ingushetia.
In June 2002, Malsagov voluntarily resigned from the post of Chairman of the Government of the Republic of Ingushetia.
Since 2002, he has been engaged in entrepreneurial activity and teaches economics at the Ingush State University.
In 2007, he organized the exhibition "Ingushetia through the eyes of artists".
From November 2009 to September 2010, he was the Chairman of the Economic Council under the President of the Republic of Ingushetia, Yunus-bek Yevkurov. Since August 2012, he was a member of the Economic Council. On 11 November 2013, he was appointed Assistant-Advisor to the Head of the Republic of Ingushetia.
From December 2016 to April 2019, he headed the Ingush branch of the Russian Agricultural Bank.

## Political activity

He founded the Umka campaign, focused on the production of sausages, meat delicacies and semi-finished products, bakery products and cheese.
Critically assessed the pension reform, suggesting that it could aggravate the existing problems in the North Caucasus.
   Pension reform will worsen the state of affairs in the region and, in particular, in Ingushetia. After all, it is known that we do not always have opportunities even for those who would like to work. There are simply no jobs, young people have no opportunity to apply their forces.
   At the same time, the pension reform will not have a decisive impact on the socio-economic situation of the republic. However, it will be negatively affected by the loss of an important source of income for older people. Many families, including those with children, often live on the pension of the elderly, and this is their only income.
   However, one should not forget that statistics often do not take into account the specifics of life in the North Caucasus. In our Ingushetia, real life is largely determined not only by earnings within the republic, but also by transfers from relatives who work in other regions of Russia. The very system of accounting for citizens' incomes ignores many factors. To a certain extent, residents of Ingushetia live even better than residents of the so-called "northern" regions. But if only because there are better quality food. At least they are no worse than in the rest of Russia. So the situation is somewhat different from what the statistics say.
   It is not very customary to say, but there is a fact that people receive some income from the "shadow" economy. Citizens earn money, but they do not always pay taxes and register their business.
# Church of St James the Great, Sedgley

The Church of St. James the Great is an Anglican church in the Lower Gornal area of Sedgley in the West Midlands, England. The church is Grade II listed, a status it received on 11 March 1996. It is located within the Anglican Diocese of Worcester.
Construction of the church commenced in 1815 and was completed in 1817 although it came into use in 1823. It was designed by Thomas Lee and built of local yellow stone with slate and tile roofs. The church was enlarged in 1837 to add north and south porches. It was refitted in 1849 with the addition of a chancel. The chancel was rebuilt and an organ was added in 1899 and in 1930, the top section of the tower was rebuilt. The north window of the apse was produced by Ninian Comper in 1902.
It is not to be confused with St James's Church at Eve Hill in nearby Dudley, some two miles away.
# Patrick Bosch

Patrick Bosch (30 October 1964 – 11 May 2012) was a Dutch football player.

## Club career

Usually played at rightback, Bosch made his professional Eredivisie debut for FC Twente in a March 1985 league match against FC Utrecht. He would go on to play 5 years for Twente before moving to Eerste Divisie club FC Emmen in 1989. He joined amateur side Stevo after leaving Emmen in 1993.

## Death

Bosch died from injuries sustained after his car came off the road on his way home and overturned on the 11 May 2012. He was 47 years old.
# Carlos Irigoyen Ruiz

Carlos Irigoyen Ruiz (2 May 1903 – 22 March 1947) was a renowned Salvadoran musician during the 1920s-1940s. He directed the philharmonic and owned several of the most renowned marimba bands performing at the national and international level at the time.

## Biography

Carlos Irigoyen Ruiz was born 2 May 1903 in San Salvador, El Salvador to a family of Basque descent. Though his father's family did not have a tradition of professional musicians, his father's mother, Carmen Irigoyen, was a music lover and encouraged Carlos and his brother José. José moved to Panama to pursue a musical career, and Carlos began studying law at the University of El Salvador. After 2 years, he abandoned a legal profession and returned to music, attending classes at the Salvadoran School of Music) and taking private music lessons in both El Salvador and Guatemala. He also studied languages, becoming proficient in English, French and German.
He created numerous marimba bands, including Irigoyen Marimba Central, Marimba Central, El Salvador Country Club, Salvadoran Marimba, New World Marimba, and traveled extensively throughout Latin America, the US and Europe. Irigoyen was a director of the philharmonic and taught multiple instruments. He recorded 78rpm acetate records for RCA Victor of his compositions.
Irigoyen died at age 43 in San Salvador and he was buried in the Cemetery of San Salvador Los Illustrious; his wife Paquita as she was known, died 38 years later, on May 10, 1985.
# José Manuel Pureza

José Manuel Marques da Silva Pureza (born 18 December 1958) is a Portuguese sociology professor and politician. A member of the Left Bloc, he was elected to the Assembly of the Republic, for the first time, in 2009, but failed to secure his re-election in 2011, having returned for a second period, after being elected again, in 2015. In the 2006 presidential election, he was the nationwide representative of the candidacy of Francisco Louçã.
# Australian Sports Brain Bank

The Australian Sports Brain Bank is a medical research laboratory, a part of the neuropathology department of the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (RPA) in Sydney. It is headed by neuropathologist Associate Professor Michael Buckland.
The bank was established in 2018 as a collaboration between RPA and Sydney University to study the relationship between concussion, head injury and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). It is a partner organisation of Concussion Legacy Foundation's (CLF) Global Brain Bank. In 2019, the bank opened a branch in Melbourne in conjunction with the Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine.
In 2020, the bank identified CTE in the brain of Australian rules football hall of fame member Polly Farmer. Jacinda Barclay was the first contact sportswoman in Australia to donate her brain to the Australian Sports Brain Bank. Barclay was found dead at her Perth home on 12 October 2020. Her death was implied to have been a suicide. In 2021 researchers uncovered neurological degradation to her cerebral white matter, similar to that found in the brains of American footballers. Damage of this type is thought to be the result of repetitive head injury from contact sports and is linked to an increased risk of suicide. In 2023 researchers from the bank posthumously diagnosed Heather Anderson with CTE. She is the first female athlete diagnosed with this disease.
Other athletes who have pledged to donate their brain to the bank include boxer Jeff Fenech, National Football League player Colin Scotts, Australian Football League players Daniel Chick and Sam Blease and National Rugby League players Ian Roberts and Shaun Valentine.
# Paul van Min

Paul van Min (born 17 September 1951) is a Dutch former professional tennis player.

## Biography

A right-handed player, van Min featured in the main draw of the 1971 French Open as a lucky loser from qualifying. He lost his first round match in four sets to Peter Pokorny.
From 1972 to 1975 he played college tennis for the University of Tennessee, but returned to compete on the professional tour.
Van Min made his only Davis Cup appearance in 1980, when he partnered with Theo Gorter in the doubles rubber for a tie against Denmark in Hilversum.
Until 2019 he and his wife owned and operated Silky Oaks Lodge in Far North Queensland, having acquired the resort in 2009.
# Jon Levy (photographer)

Jon Levy (born 1967) is a British photojournalist. He was the founder and director of Foto8. Foto8 was a British-based photography company responsible for the publication of 8 Magazine, the Biannual of Photography, as well as its sister website Foto8.com and the Host gallery in London.

## Biography

Levy was born in London in 1967. He studied Economics at Manchester University from 1985 to 1988. He then attended the International Center of Photography in New York City. completing the one-year certificate program in Documentary Photography and photojournalism.
Following graduation, Levy became a freelance news photographer in New York City. He worked frequently for The Independent in London along with their U.S. correspondent Daniel Jeffreys. Levy also freelanced for the photo agency Gamma Liaison under editor Marion Mertens. Later Levy joined the French wire service Agence France Presse in the New York Bureau working, with photographers Don Emmert and Timothy Clary.
In 1998 Levy returned to London and soon started Foto8. Levy and Gordon Miller also launched 8 Magazine (known previously as ei8ht), a quarterly publication of photojournalism. The issues of the 8 Magazine were very much like the website on which it was based. The magazine published new works by independent photographers covering current affairs and personal photo stories. The photo editor Lauren Heinz and text editor Max Houghton were in charge of the magazine editorial content.
In 2006 Levy moved Foto8 to new premises in Honduras Street, in East London. He also founded Host Gallery there to further explore the publishing, exhibition and presentation of photographic projects. Host maintained a program of shows, talks, screenings and other events, including the annual street party launch of the Foto8 Summer Show.
In 2009 Foto8 released its first book: Maurice Broomfield, Photographs, examining Maurice Broomfield's archive of industrial photography from the 1950s. That same year, Levy served as a guest curator at the annual New York Photo Festival with the Home for Good exhibition.
In 2010, Levy completed Rise, a six-month, eight-photographer commission and book for the Legatum Foundation, and Taking Land, a book with Alban Kakulya for the Zoï Environment Network.
In November 2012, Foto8 and Host Gallery ceased trading.
Levy speaks at events about the role of photojournalism in society and the future of it as a tool of social communication.

## Publication edited by Levy

* Rise: Images of Life Change. Edited by Levy. Dubai: The Legatum Foundation; Foto8, 2010. ISBN 978-0-9559580-4-5. With text by Max Houghton and photographs by Carmen Elsa Lopez, William Daniels, Robin Hammond, Abbie Trayler-Smith, Venetia Dearden, Sanjit Das, Atul Loke, and Kate Shortt.
# John Moráles

John Moráles (born 24 February 1939) is a Puerto Rican former basketball player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1960 Summer Olympics.
# Aegialia conferta

Aegialia conferta is a species of aphodiine dung beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. It is found in North America.

## Subspecies

These two subspecies belong to the species Aegialia conferta:
* Aegialia conferta conferta$^g$
* Aegialia conferta nigrella Brown, 1931$^{cg}$
Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net
# Warren Schrage

Warren Alfred Schrage (July 30, 1920 – January 19, 1999) was an American professional basketball player. He played for the Sheboygan Red Skins in the National Basketball League in 1942–43 and averaged 0.2 points per game.
Schrage won national championships in both college (Wisconsin, 1941) and professionally (Sheboygan Red Skins, 1943).
# Jeffrey L. Barnhart

Jeffrey L. Barnhart (born March 5, 1956) was a Republican member of the North Carolina General Assembly representing the state's Eighty-second House District, including constituents in Cabarrus County. A businessman, Barnhart served in the state's House of Representatives from 2001-2011. He resigned September 30, 2011, to join the consulting firm McGuireWoods.

## Personal life

Barnhart was born in Waverly, New York to Fred Harrison and Mildred Lorraine Sjostrom Barnhart. He and his wife Jody (Springston) have four children.

## Education

Barnhart graduated from Waverly High School in 1974. He then attended Southern Illinois University and earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Industrial Technology in 1981.

## Military service

Served in the United States Air Force from 1978-82.

## Early Political career

* Cabarrus County Commissioner – 10 years
* Acting County Manager – Cabarrus County – 8 months
* Cabarrus Economic Development Board of Directors – 9 years
* Water & Sewer Authority of Cabarrus County – 6 years
# Mirza Fattah Khan Garmrudi

Mirza Fattah Khan Garmrudi (Persian: میرزا فتاح خان گرم‌رودی; c. 1786 – 1848) was a scribe and author in Qajar Iran, mainly known for his travelogue about his diplomatic missions to Europe, entitled Chaharfasl.

## Biography

He was born in c. 1786 in the Kasalan village near the city of Tabriz. He belonged to a family of clerics, and his father was against his entry into government service, where he served in Mianeh as an accountant. Garmrudi was eventually moved to Tabriz, where he benefited from the support of Mirza Masud Khan Ansari and subsequently the crown prince Abbas Mirza. After the Russians conquered Tabriz at the end of the Russo-Iranian War of 1826–1828, Garmrudi, as part of Abbas Mirza's staff, was sent to negotiate with the Russian general Ivan Paskevich. He was also involved in the negotiations at Dehkvaraqan and Torkamanchay, which cemented Iran's defeat. In 1834, when Mohammad Shah Qajar ascended the throne, Garmrudi was called to Tehran and made lashkar-nevis (chief clerk) of the army.
In 1838, following a dispute with England over the Herat and other issues, an Iranian delegation headed by Hossein Khan Ajudanbashi was dispatched to the European courts. Garmrudi was included in this mission, likely due to the support of Mirza Masud Khan Ansari, who served as the minister of foreign affairs during this period. Garmrudi's notability primarily stems from his travelogue of the journey, entitled Chaharfasl. The Ottoman Empire, Austria, France, and England are the nations that they traveled through, and each is covered separately in the book's four chapters. The Chaharfasl is regarded as an important record that documents early Iranian views on Europe as well as the activities of the Iranian mission.
Garmrudi's Shabnama, a defamatory tale accusing the British of sexual depravity and debauchery, was another work created due to his travels throughout Europe. The book was possibly meant as a counter to The Adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispahan by James Justinian Morier, which portrayed a negative image of Iranians. When the Iranian delegation went back in 1840 to Iran, Garmrudi stayed in the retinue of Hossein Khan. The latter was given the governorship of Yazd shortly after their return, and in 1844, he was made governor of Fars. Hossein Khan demonstrated his trust in Gamrudi by entrusting him with the administration of the Kohgiluyeh and Mamasani. The tribes of the region, along with their genealogies and histories, are recorded in Garmrudi's Safarnama-ye Mamasani.
Garmrudi died in 1848 at Behbahan, and was buried in Shiraz.
# Minipe

Minipe is a village in Sri Lanka. It is located within Central Province.
# Peter Bots

Peter Frits Bots (born 25 January 1942) is a retired Dutch rower. He competed in the double sculls event at the 1964 Summer Olympics, together with Max Alwin, and finished in eighth place.
# Yuri Grymov

   "A society, if it considers itself civilized, must live by the law. And the inevitability of punishment should deter from rash actions."
Yuri Vyacheslavovich Grymov (Russian: Ю́рий Вячесла́вович Гры́мов; born 6 July 1965, Moscow, USSR) is a Russian film director, clipmaker, screenwriter, producer. Member of the Public Chamber of the Moscow Oblast, Academician of Motion Picture Arts.
Winner of the Epica Awards (1993, 1994) and Kinotavr Festival (1998)
In 2015-2016, he was the chief director of the "Tsargrad TV" channel. From 2015 to 2019, he was a member of the Public Chamber of the Moscow Region.
He served as inspiration for the character of Gera Kremov in Grigori Konstantinopolsky's cult crime-comedy 8 ½ $.

## Filmography

* Men's revelation (in the novel by Renata Litvinova The Third Way) (1996)
* Lessons Anita Tsoi (documentary) (1998)
* Mu-mu (based on the novel by Ivan Turgenev. The new reading of classics (1998)
* The Collector (based on the novel by Levan Varazi The Collector and His Relatives) (2001)
* Kukotsky’s Casus (based on the novel by Lyudmila Ulitskaya) (2005)
* Strangers (2008)
* By the Feel (2010)