# List of third-party and independent candidacies in United States Senate elections

This is a list of notable performances of third party and independent candidates in elections to the United States Senate.
It is rare for candidates, other than those of the six parties which have succeeded as major parties (Federalist Party, Democratic-Republican Party, National Republican Party, Democratic Party, Whig Party, Republican Party), to take large shares of the vote in elections.
In some of the listed cases a faction or factions of a state's major party ran against each other, often making it difficult to ascertain which was the mainline candidate and which was the bolter; in such cases, those candidates which are not listed on a standard major party line are still listed, but are not considered traditional third party victories as often these candidates sat in Congress as affiliated party members (barring cases like Joe Lieberman who, upon winning re-election in 2006 as a third-party candidate, sat as an Independent Democrat).
Listed below are Senate elections in which a third party or independent candidate won at least 5.0% of the vote. Winners are shown in bold and marked "elected" or "re-elected".

## Indirect elections (before 1918)

Prior to the passage of the 17th Amendment, most states did not hold direct elections to the Senate, with senators instead being elected by the state legislatures. The results listed below are cases in which a third-party candidate won at least 5.0% of the legislative vote.
Notable third-party senatorial performances (1820s–1917) :
| Year | State | Party | Nominee | # Votes | % Votes | Place |
| 1829 | New York (special) | Anti-Masonic | Ambrose Spencer | 22 | 14.77 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1830 | Pennsylvania | Anti-Masonic | Harmar Denny | 10 | 7.58 / 100 | 4th |
| 1831 | New York | Anti-Masonic | Samuel Works | 32 | 23.02 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1831 | Pennsylvania – Class I (special) | Anti-Masonic | Richard Rush | 30 | 22.56 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1832 | Pennsylvania | Anti-Masonic | William Clark | 28 | 21.05 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1833 | New York (special) | Anti-Masonic | John C. Spencer | 11 | 7.38 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1834 | Pennsylvania – Class III (special) | Anti-Masonic | Amos Ellmaker | 31 | 23.31 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1845 | New York – Class I (special) | Native American | Jonathan Thompson | 17 | 10.76 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1845 | New York – Class III (special) | Native American | Harmon B. Cropsey | 17 | 10.76 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1845 | New York | Native American | Robert Taylor | 15 | 10.14 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1849 | New York | Free Soil | John Adams Dix | 21 | 13.91 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1851 | Massachusetts | Free Soil | Charles Sumner | ? | 10 / 100 | Elected |
| 1855 | Massachusetts (special) | American | Henry Wilson | 255 | 62.81 / 100 | Elected |
| 1855 | Massachusetts (special) | American | Nahum F. Bryant | 85 | 20.94 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1857 | New York | American | Joel T. Headley | 15 | 10.71 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1879 | Pennsylvania | Greenback Party | Daniel Agnew | 16 | 6.38 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1894 | Nebraska | Independent | W. A. Jones | 18 | 13.64 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1898 | Nebraska | People's | William V. Allen | 58 | 43.94 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1901 | Nebraska | People's | William V. Allen | 58 | 44.62 / 100 | 2nd |

## Direct elections (after 1905)
### 1900–1930

Notable third-party senatorial performances (1900s–1930) :
| Year | State | Party | Nominee | # Votes | % Votes | Place |
| 1905 | Oregon (special) | Socialist | J. D. Stevens | 12,485 | 15.17 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1905 | Oregon (special) | Prohibition | Hiram Gould | 8,224 | 9.99 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1906 | Oregon | Socialist | A. G. Simola | 5,608 | 6.1 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1910 | Nevada | Socialist | Jud Harris | 1,959 | 9.62 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1912 | Arizona (special) – Class I | Socialist | E. Johnson | 1,234 | 5.68 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1912 | Arizona (special) – Class III | Socialist | E. B. Simonton | 1,221 | 5.8 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1912 | Colorado | Progressive | Frank D. Catlin | 58,649 | 23.48 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1912 | Kansas | Socialist | Allan W. Ricker | 25,610 | 7.32 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1912 | Montana | Progressive | Joseph M. Dixon | 22,161 | 32.1 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1912 | Nevada (special) | Socialist | G. A. Steele | 2,740 | 13.73 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1912 | Nevada (special) | Progressive | Sardis Summerfield | 1,428 | 7.15 / 100 | 4th |
| 1912 | Oklahoma | Socialist | John G. Wills | 40,860 | 16.3 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1912 | Oregon | Independent | Jonathan Bourne Jr. | 25,929 | 19.41 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1912 | Oregon | Socialist | Benjamin Franklin Ramp | 11,093 | 8.31 / 100 | 4th |
| 1912 | Oregon | Progressive | A. E. Clark | 11,083 | 8.3 / 100 | 5th |
| 1912 | Oregon | Prohibition | B. Lee Paget | 6,848 | 5.13 / 100 | 6th |
| 1914 | Arizona | Prohibition | Eugene W. Chafin | 7,293 | 15.05 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1914 | Arizona | Socialist | Bert Davis | 3,582 | 7.39 / 100 | 4th |
| 1914 | Arizona | Progressive | J. Bernard Nelson | 2,608 | 5.38 / 100 | 5th |
| 1914 | California | Progressive | Francis J. Heney | 255,232 | 28.81 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1914 | California | Socialist | Ernest Untermann | 3,582 | 7.39 / 100 | 4th |
| 1914 | Colorado | Progressive | Benjamin Griffith | 27,072 | 10.69 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1914 | Colorado | Socialist | J. C. Griffiths | 13,943 | 5.51 / 100 | 4th |
| 1914 | Idaho | Progressive | Paul Clagstone | 10,321 | 9.54 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1914 | Idaho | Socialist | Calistus W. Cooper | 7,888 | 7.29 / 100 | 4th |
| 1914 | Illinois | Progressive | Raymond Robins | 203,027 | 19.99 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1914 | Indiana | Progressive | Albert J. Beveridge | 108,581 | 16.81 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1914 | Iowa | Independent | Otis Spurgeon | 24,490 | 5.73 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1914 | Kansas | Progressive | Victor Murdock | 116,755 | 22.94 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1914 | Nevada | Socialist | Ashley Grant Miller | 5,451 | 25.28 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1914 | North Dakota | Socialist | W. H. Brown | 6,231 | 7.14 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1914 | Ohio | Progressive | Arthur Lovett Garford | 67,509 | 6.31 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1914 | Oklahoma | Socialist | Patrick S. Nagle | 52,259 | 20.99 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1914 | Oregon | Progressive | William Hanley | 26,220 | 10.68 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1914 | Pennsylvania | Progressive | Gifford Pinchot | 269,265 | 24.22 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1914 | Washington | Progressive | Ole Hanson | 83,282 | 24.12 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1914 | Washington | Socialist | Adam H. Barth | 30,234 | 8.76 / 100 | 4th |
| 1916 | Arizona | Socialist | W. S. Bradford | 2,827 | 5.24 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1916 | California | Socialist | Walter Thomas Mills | 49,341 | 5.25 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1916 | Minnesota | Prohibition | Willis Greenleaf Calderwood | 78,425 | 20.58 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1916 | Montana | Socialist | Henry La Beau | 9,292 | 5.54 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1916 | Nevada | Socialist | Ashley Grant Miller | 9,507 | 28.91 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1916 | North Dakota | Socialist | E. R. Fry | 8,472 | 7.91 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1916 | Washington | Socialist | Bruce Rogers | 21,709 | 5.95 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1916 | Wisconsin | Socialist | Richard Elsner | 28,908 | 6.85 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1918 | Massachusetts | Independent | Thomas W. Lawson | 21,985 | 5.26 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1918 | Minnesota | Nationalist | Willis Greenleaf Calderwood | 137,334 | 39.95 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1918 | Montana | Nationalist | Jeannette Rankin | 26,013 | 23.14 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1918 | Nevada (special) | Independent | Anne Henrietta Martin | 4,603 | 18.01 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1918 | Oregon (special) | Socialist | Martha Bean | 19,014 | 15.47 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1918 | South Dakota | Independent | Orville V. Rafferty | 5,560 | 5.98 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1920 | California | Prohibition | James S. Edwards | 57,768 | 6.32 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1920 | Georgia | Independent | Harry S. Edwards | 6,700 | 5.1 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1920 | Maryland | Independent | George D. Iverson Jr. | 21,345 | 5.46 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1920 | Nevada | Independent | Anne Henrietta Martin | 4,981 | 18.16 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1920 | New York | Socialist | Jacob Panken | 208,155 | 7.6 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1920 | New York | Prohibition | Ella A. Boole | 159,623 | 5.83 / 100 | 4th |
| 1920 | Pennsylvania | Prohibition | Leah C. Marion | 132,610 | 7.44 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1920 | South Dakota | Nonpartisan League | Tom Ayres | 44,309 | 24.06 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1920 | South Dakota | Independent | Richard Olsen Richards | 10,032 | 5.45 / 100 | 4th |
| 1920 | Washington | Farmer–Labor | C. L. France | 99,309 | 25.8 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1920 | Wisconsin | Progressive Republican | James Thompson | 235,029 | 34.71 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1920 | Wisconsin | Socialist | Frank J. Weber | 66,172 | 9.77 / 100 | 4th |
| 1922 | California | Independent | H. Clay Needham | 70,748 | 7.79 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1922 | California | Socialist | Upton Sinclair | 56,982 | 6.28 / 100 | 4th |
| 1922 | Florida | Independent Republican | W. C. Lawson | 6,074 | 11.73 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1922 | Minnesota | Farmer–Labor | Henrik Shipstead | 325,372 | 47.1 / 100 | Elected |
| 1922 | Pennsylvania (special) | Prohibition | Rachel C. Robinson | 60,390 | 6.05 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1922 | Pennsylvania (special) | Socialist | William J. Van Essen | 55,703 | 5.58 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1922 | Pennsylvania | Progressive | William J. Burke | 127,180 | 8.82 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1922 | Washington | Farmer–Labor | James A. Duncan | 35,326 | 12.0 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1923 | Minnesota (special) | Farmer–Labor | Magnus Johnson | 290,165 | 57.48 / 100 | |
| 1924 | Colorado | Farmer–Labor | Morton Alexander | 16,039 | 5.04 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1924 | Colorado (special) | Farmer–Labor | Charles T. Phelps | 17,542 | 5.52 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1924 | Minnesota | Farmer–Labor | Magnus Johnson | 380,646 | 45.5 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1924 | Oregon | Progressive | F. E. Coulter | 20,379 | 7.7 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1924 | South Dakota | Farmer–Labor | Tom Ayres | 23,962 | 12.2 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1924 | South Dakota | Independent | George W. Egan | 14,390 | 7.23 / 100 | 4th |
| 1926 | Idaho | Progressive | H. F. Samuels | 37,047 | 29.6 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1926 | Illinois | Independent Republican | Hugh S. Magill | 156,245 | 8.69 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1926 | New York | Independent Republican | Franklin W. Cristman | 231,906 | 8.16 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1926 | North Dakota (special) | Nonpartisan League | Gerald Nye | 79,709 | 50.2 / 100 | Re-elected |
| 1926 | North Dakota (special) | Independent Republican | C. P. Stone | 19,586 | 12.33 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1926 | North Dakota | Independent Republican | Norris H. Nelson | 18,951 | 12.22 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1926 | North Dakota | Independent Republican | C. P. Stone | 9,738 | 6.28 / 100 | 4th |
| 1926 | Oregon | Independent | Robert N. Stanfield | 50,246 | 22.46 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1926 | South Dakota | Farmer–Labor | Howard Platt | 12,797 | 7.2 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1926 | Wisconsin | Independent Progressive Republican | Charles D. Rosa | 111,122 | 20.37 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1926 | Wisconsin | Socialist | Leo Krzycki | 31,317 | 5.74 / 100 | 4th |
| 1928 | California | Prohibition | Charles Hiram Randall | 92,106 | 5.94 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1928 | Minnesota | Farmer–Labor | Henrik Shipstead | 665,169 | 65.38 / 100 | Re-elected |
| 1928 | Wisconsin | Independent Republican | William H. Markham | 81,302 | 10.95 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1930 | Alabama | Independent | James Thomas Heflin | 100,952 | 40.07 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1930 | Minnesota | Farmer–Labor | Ernest Lundeen | 178,671 | 22.89 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1930 | Oregon | Independent | Llewellyn A. Banks | 17,488 | 7.4 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1930 | Virginia | Independent | J. Cloyd Byars | 26,091 | 17.87 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1930 | Virginia | Socialist | Joe C. Morgan | 7,944 | 5.45 / 100 | 3rd |

### 1931–1960

Notable third-party senatorial performances (1931–1960) :
| Year | State | Party | Nominee | # Votes | % Votes | Place |
| 1932 | Arkansas (special) | Independent | Rex Floyd | 1,752 | 5.16 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1932 | California | Prohibition | Robert P. Shuler | 560,088 | 25.77 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1932 | Kansas | Independent | George A. Brown | 65,583 | 9.1 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1932 | Wisconsin | Socialist | Emil Seidel | 65,807 | 6.14 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1934 | California | Socialist | George Ross Kirkpatrick | 108,748 | 5.29 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1934 | Minnesota | Farmer–Labor | Henrik Shipstead | 503,379 | 49.87 / 100 | Re-elected |
| 1934 | New York | Socialist | Norman Thomas | 194,952 | 5.27 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1934 | Tennessee (special) | Independent | John Randolph Neal Jr. | 49,773 | 19.91 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1934 | Wisconsin | Progressive | Robert M. La Follette Jr. | 440,513 | 47.78 / 100 | Re-elected |
| 1936 | Delaware | Independent Republican | Robert G. Houston | 6,897 | 5.44 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1936 | Massachusetts | Union | Thomas C. O'Brien | 134,245 | 7.44 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1936 | Minnesota (special) | Independent | Nathaniel John Holmburg | 210,364 | 28.42 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1936 | Minnesota (special) | Independent Progressive | Andrew Olaf Devold | 147,858 | 19.98 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1936 | Minnesota | Farmer–Labor | Ernest Lundeen | 663,363 | 62.24 / 100 | Elected |
| 1936 | Montana | Independent | Joseph P. Monaghan | 39,655 | 17.91 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1936 | Nebraska | Independent | George W. Norris | 258,700 | 43.82 / 100 | Re-elected |
| 1936 | Rhode Island | Union | Ludger LaPointe | 21,495 | 7.01 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1937 | Arkansas (special) | Independent | John E. Miller | 65,802 | 60.5 / 100 | Elected |
| 1938 | Connecticut | Socialist | Bellani Trombley | 99,282 | 15.75 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1938 | North Dakota | Independent | William Langer | 112,007 | 42.56 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1938 | Wisconsin | Progressive | Herman Ekern | 249,209 | 26.58 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1940 | California | Prohibition | Fred Dyster | 366,044 | 13.51 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1940 | Minnesota | Farmer–Labor | Elmer Austin Benson | 310,875 | 25.7 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1940 | North Dakota | Progressive Republican | William Lemke | 92,593 | 35.06 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1940 | Wisconsin | Progressive | Robert M. La Follette Jr. | 605,609 | 45.26 / 100 | Re-elected |
| 1942 | Minnesota (special) | Farmer–Labor | Al Hansen | 177,008 | 26.66 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1942 | Minnesota | Farmer–Labor | Elmer Austin Benson | 213,965 | 28.21 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1942 | Minnesota | Independent Progressive | Martin A. Nelson | 109,226 | 14.4 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1942 | Nebraska | Independent | George W. Norris | 108,899 | 28.64 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1942 | Virginia | Socialist | Lawrence S. Wilkes | 5,690 | 6.53 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1944 | North Dakota | Independent | Lynn U. Stambaugh | 44,596 | 21.19 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1944 | Wisconsin | Progressive | Harry Sauthoff | 73,089 | 5.82 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1946 | North Dakota | Independent | Arthur E. Thompson | 38,804 | 23.46 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1946 | North Dakota (special) | Independent | Gerald Nye | 20,848 | 15.24 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1946 | Tennessee | Independent | John Randolph Neal Jr. | 11,516 | 5.27 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1948 | Arkansas | Independent | Arthur E. Thompson | 15,821 | 6.81 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1950 | Alabama | Independent | John G. Crommelin | 38,477 | 23.46 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1950 | New Hampshire | Independent (write-in) | Wesley Powell | 11,958 | 6.28 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1952 | California | Progressive | Reuben W. Borough | 542,270 | 11.95 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1952 | Maine | Independent Democrat | Earl S. Grant | 15,294 | 6.45 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1952 | New York | Liberal | George Counts | 489,775 | 7.02 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1952 | North Dakota | Independent (write-in) | Fred G. Aandahl | 24,741 | 10.4 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1952 | Virginia | Independent Democrat | H.M. Vise Sr. | 69,133 | 12.92 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1952 | Virginia | Social Democratic | Clarke T. Robb | 67,281 | 12.57 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1954 | South Carolina | Independent Democrat (write-in) | Strom Thurmond | 143,444 | 63.13 / 100 | Elected |
| 1954 | Virginia | Independent Democrat | Charles W. Lewis Jr. | 32,681 | 10.66 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1954 | Virginia | Social Democratic | Clarke T. Robb | 28,922 | 9.44 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1958 | Utah | Independent | J. Bracken Lee | 77,013 | 26.44 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1958 | Virginia | Independent | Louise Wensel | 120,224 | 26.27 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1960 | Virginia | Independent Democrat | Stuart D. Baker | 88,718 | 14.27 / 100 | 2nd |

### 1961–1990

Notable third-party senatorial performances (1961–1990) :
| Year | State | Party | Nominee | # Votes | % Votes | Place |
| 1964 | Virginia | Independent | James W. Respess | 95,526 | 10.29 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1966 | Mississippi | Independent | Clifton R. Whitley | 30,502 | 7.74 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1966 | Virginia (special) | Independent | John W. Carter | 57,692 | 7.91 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1966 | Virginia | Independent | F. Lee Hawthorne | 58,251 | 7.94 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1968 | Alabama | National Democratic | Robert Schwenn | 72,699 | 7.97 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1968 | Alaska | Democratic (write-in) | Ernest Gruening | 14,118 | 17.44 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1968 | Maryland | American Independent | George P. Mahoney | 148,467 | 13.09 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1968 | New York | Conservative | James L. Buckley | 1,139,402 | 17.31 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1970 | Connecticut | Independent | Thomas J. Dodd | 266,497 | 24.46 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1970 | Mississippi | Independent | William R. Thompson | 37,593 | 11.6 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1970 | New York | Conservative | James L. Buckley | 2,288,190 | 38.95 / 100 | Elected |
| 1970 | Virginia | Independent | Harry F. Byrd Jr. | 506,237 | 53.54 / 100 | Re-elected |
| 1972 | Louisiana | Independent | John McKeithen | 250,161 | 23.06 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1974 | Florida | American Independent | John Grady | 282,659 | 15.7 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1974 | Hawaii | People's | James D. Kimmel | 42,767 | 17.09 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1974 | New York | Conservative | Barbara A. Keating | 822,584 | 15.93 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1974 | Utah | American | Bruce Bangerter | 24,966 | 5.94 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1976 | Minnesota | American Independent | Paul Helm | 125,612 | 6.57 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1976 | Virginia | Independent | Harry F. Byrd Jr. | 890,778 | 57.2 / 100 | Re-elected |
| 1978 | Alabama | Prohibition | Jerome B. Couch | 34,951 | 6.01 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1978 | Arkansas | Independent | John J. Black | 37,488 | 7.18 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1978 | Maine | Independent | Hayes E. Gahagan | 27,824 | 7.42 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1978 | Mississippi | Independent | Charles Evers | 133,646 | 22.64 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1980 | New York | Liberal | Jacob Javits | 664,5444 | 11.1 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1982 | Washington | Independent | King Lysen | 72,297 | 5.28 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1984 | Tennessee | Independent | Ed McAteer | 87,234 | 5.29 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1990 | Virginia | Independent | Nancy B. Spannaus | 196,755 | 18.16 / 100 | 2nd |

### 1991–2020

Notable third-party senatorial performances (1991–2020) :
| Year | State | Party | Nominee | # Votes | % Votes | Place |
| 1992 | Alaska | Green | Mary Jordan | 20,019 | 8.35 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1992 | Arizona | Independent | Evan Mecham | 145,361 | 10.52 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1992 | Hawaii | Green | Linda B. Martin | 49,921 | 13.73 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1992 | Louisiana | Independent | Jon Khachaturian | 74,785 | 8.87 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1992 | Ohio | Independent | Martha Grevatt | 331,125 | 6.89 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1994 | Arizona | Libertarian | Scott Grainger | 75,493 | 6.75 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1994 | Minnesota | Independence | Dean Barkley | 95,400 | 5.38 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1994 | Ohio | Independent | Joseph J. Slovenec | 252,031 | 7.33 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1994 | Vermont | Independent | Gavin T. Mills | 12,465 | 5.89 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1994 | Virginia | Independent | Marshall Coleman | 235,324 | 11.44 / 100 | 3rd |
| 1996 | Alaska | Green | Jed Whittaker | 29,037 | 12.52 / 100 | 2nd |
| 1996 | Minnesota | Reform | Dean Barkley | 152,333 | 6.98 / 100 | 3rd |
| 2000 | Arizona | Independent | William Toel | 109,230 | 7.82 / 100 | 2nd |
| 2000 | Arizona | Green | Vance Hansen | 108,926 | 7.8 / 100 | 3rd |
| 2000 | Arizona | Libertarian | Barry J. Hess, II | 70,724 | 5.06 / 100 | 4th |
| 2000 | Massachusetts | Libertarian | Carla Howell | 308,860 | 11.88 / 100 | 3rd |
| 2000 | Minnesota | Independence | James Gibson | 140,583 | 6.98 / 100 | 3rd |
| 2002 | Alaska | Green | Jim Sykes | 16,608 | 7.24 / 100 | 3rd |
| 2002 | Kansas | Libertarian | Steven A. Rosile | 70,725 | 9.1 / 100 | 2nd |
| 2002 | Kansas | Reform | George Cook | 65,050 | 8.37 / 100 | 3rd |
| 2002 | Massachusetts | Libertarian | Michael E. Cloud | 369,807 | 18.43 / 100 | 2nd |
| 2002 | Mississippi | Reform | Shawn O'Hara | 97,226 | 15.42 / 100 | 2nd |
| 2002 | Oklahoma | Independent | James Germalic | 65,056 | 6.39 / 100 | 3rd |
| 2002 | Virginia | Independent | Nancy B. Spannaus | 145,102 | 9.74 / 100 | 2nd |
| 2002 | Virginia | Independent | Jacob G. Hornberger Jr. | 106,055 | 7.12 / 100 | 3rd |
| 2004 | Oklahoma | Independent | Sheila Bilyeu | 86,663 | 5.99 / 100 | 3rd |
| 2006 | Connecticut | Connecticut for Lieberman | Joe Lieberman | 564,095 | 49.71 / 100 | Re-elected |
| 2006 | Indiana | Libertarian | Steve Osborn | 168,820 | 12.59 / 100 | 2nd |
| 2006 | Maine | Independent | William H. Slavick | 29,230 | 5.37 / 100 | 3rd |
| 2006 | Vermont | Independent | Bernie Sanders | 171,638 | 65.41 / 100 | Elected |
| 2008 | Arkansas | Green | Rebekah Kennedy | 207,076 | 20.47 / 100 | 2nd |
| 2008 | Idaho | Independent | Rex Rammell | 34,510 | 5.35 / 100 | 3rd |
| 2008 | Minnesota | Independence | Dean Barkley | 437,505 | 15.15 / 100 | 3rd |
| 2008 | Oregon | Constitution | Dave Brownlow | 92,565 | 5.24 / 100 | 3rd |
| 2010 | Alaska | Republican (write-in) | Lisa Murkowski | 101,091 | 39.49 / 100 | Re-elected |
| 2010 | Florida | Independent | Charlie Crist | 1,607,549 | 29.71 / 100 | 2nd |
| 2010 | Indiana | Libertarian | Rebecca Sink-Burris | 94,330 | 5.41 / 100 | 3rd |
| 2010 | South Carolina | Green | Tom Clements | 121,472 | 9.21 / 100 | 3rd |
| 2010 | Utah | Constitution | Scott N. Bradley | 35,937 | 5.67 / 100 | 3rd |
| 2012 | Indiana | Libertarian | Andy Horning | 145,374 | 5.67 / 100 | 3rd |
| 2012 | Maine | Independent | Angus King | 370,580 | 52.89 / 100 | Elected |
| 2012 | Maryland | Independent | Rob Sobhani | 430,934 | 16.37 / 100 | 3rd |
| 2012 | Missouri | Libertarian | Jonathan Dine | 165,468 | 6.07 / 100 | 3rd |
| 2012 | Montana | Libertarian | Dan Cox | 31,892 | 6.56 / 100 | 3rd |
| 2012 | Vermont | Independent | Bernie Sanders | 209,053 | 71.04 / 100 | Re-elected |
| 2014 | Kansas | Independent | Greg Orman | 368,372 | 42.53 / 100 | 2nd |
| 2014 | South Dakota | Independent | Larry Pressler | 47,741 | 17.09 / 100 | 3rd |
| 2014 | Wyoming | Independent | Curt Gottshall | 13,311 | 7.9 / 100 | 3rd |
| 2016 | Alaska | Libertarian | Joe Miller | 90,825 | 29.16 / 100 | 2nd |
| 2016 | Alaska | Independent | Margaret Stock | 41,194 | 13.23 / 100 | 3rd |
| 2016 | Arizona | Green | Gary Swing | 138,634 | 5.48 / 100 | 3rd |
| 2016 | Idaho | Constitution | Ray J. Writz | 41,677 | 6.14 / 100 | 3rd |
| 2016 | Indiana | Libertarian | Lucy Brenton | 149,481 | 5.47 / 100 | 3rd |
| 2016 | Kansas | Libertarian | Robert Garrard | 63,428 | 5.52 / 100 | 3rd |
| 2018 | Maine | Independent | Angus King | 337,378 | 54.5 / 100 | Re-elected |
| 2018 | New Mexico | Libertarian | Gary Johnson | 105,916 | 15.4 / 100 | 3rd |
| 2018 | Vermont | Independent | Bernie Sanders | 183,529 | 67.32 / 100 | Re-elected |
| 2020 | Alaska | Independent | Al Gross | 146,068 | 41.20 / 100 | 2nd |
| 2020 | Arkansas | Libertarian | Ricky Dale Harrington Jr. | 399,390 | 33.47 / 100 | 2nd |
| 2020 | Minnesota | Legal Marijuana Now | Kevin O'Connor | 190,154 | 5.91 / 100 | 3rd |
| 2020 | Nebraska | Democratic (write-in) | Preston Love Jr. | 58,411 | 6.28 / 100 | 3rd |
| 2020 | Nebraska | Libertarian | Gene Siadek | 55,115 | 5.93 / 100 | 4th |

### 2021–present

Notable third-party senatorial performances (2021–present) :
| Year | State | Party | Nominee | # Votes | % Votes | Place |
| 2022 | Idaho | Independent | Scott Cleveland | 49,924 | 8.4 / 100 | 3rd |
| 2022 | North Dakota | Independent | Rick Becker | 44,305 | 18.5 / 100 | 3rd |
| 2022 | Utah | Independent | Evan McMullin | 450,081 | 42.7 / 100 | 2nd |
| 2024 | Maine | Independent | Angus King | 423,369 | 51.8 / 100 | Re-elected |
| 2024 | Nebraska | Independent | Dan Osborn | 427,343 | 46.4 / 100 | 2nd |
| 2024 | Utah | Independent American | Carlton Bowen | 73,823 | 5.7 / 100 | 3rd |
| 2024 | Vermont | Independent | Bernie Sanders | 229,904 | 63.3 / 100 | Re-elected |