# 1809 in Germany

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Events from the year 1809 in Germany.

## Incumbents
### Kingdoms

* Kingdom of Prussia
** Monarch – Frederick William III of Prussia (16 November 1797 – 7 June 1840)
* Kingdom of Bavaria
** Maximilian I (1 January 1806 – 13 October 1825)
* Kingdom of Saxony
** Frederick Augustus I (20 December 1806 – 5 May 1827)
* Kingdom of Württemberg
** Frederick I (22 December 1797 – 30 October 1816)

### Grand Duchies

* Grand Duke of Baden
** Charles Frederick (25 July 1806 – 10 June 1811)
* Grand Duke of Hesse
** Louis I (14 August 1806 – 6 April 1830)
* Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
** Frederick Francis I– (24 April 1785 – 1 February 1837)
* Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
** Charles II (2 June 1794 – 6 November 1816)
* Grand Duke of Oldenburg
** Wilhelm (6 July 1785 –2 July 1823 ) Due to mental illness, Wilhelm was duke in name only, with his cousin Peter, Prince-Bishop of Lübeck, acting as regent throughout his entire reign.
** Peter I (2 July 1823 - 21 May 1829)
* Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar
** Karl August (1758–1809) Raised to grand duchy in 1809

### Principalities

* Schaumburg-Lippe
** George William (13 February 1787 - 1860)
* Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
** Friedrich Günther (28 April 1807 - 28 June 1867)
* Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
** Günther Friedrich Karl I (14 October 1794 - 19 August 1835)
* Principality of Lippe
** Leopold II (5 November 1802 - 1 January 1851)
* Principality of Reuss-Greiz
** Heinrich XIII (28 June 1800-29 January 1817)
* Waldeck and Pyrmont
** Friedrich Karl August (29 August 1763 – 24 September 1812)

### Duchies

* Duke of Anhalt-Dessau
** Leopold III (16 December 1751 – 9 August 1817)
* Duke of Brunswick
** Frederick William (16 October 1806 – 16 June 1815)
* Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
** Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (1780–1826) - Frederick
* Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
** Ernest I (9 December 1806 – 12 November 1826)
* Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
** Bernhard II (24 December 1803–20 September 1866)
* Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck
** Frederick Charles Louis (24 February 1775 – 25 March 1816)

## Events

* 9 April – Tiroleans rise, under the command of Andreas Hofer, against French and Bavarian occupation.
* 14 April – Battle of Abensberg, Bavaria: Napoleon defeats Austria.
* 19 April – War of the Fifth Coalition –
** Battle of Raszyn: The armies of the Austrian Empire are defeated by the Duchy of Warsaw.
** Battle of Teugen-Hausen: The armies of the Austrian Empire are defeated by the French and their Bavarian allies.
* 21 April – Battle of Landshut
* 21/22 April – Battle of Eckmühl
* 23 April – Battle of Ratisbon
* 24 April – Battle of Neumarkt-Sankt Veit
* 8 July – Battle of Gefrees
* 29/30 July – Battle of Halberstadt
* 1 August – Battle of Ölper
* Black Brunswickers established
* Corps Hannovera Göttingen established
* Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach formed from a merger and raised to a grand duchy

## Births

* 3 February – Felix Mendelssohn, German composer (d. 1847)
* 24 February – Edwin Freiherr von Manteuffel, Prussian field marshal (d. 1885)
* 21 February – Carl Ernst Bock, German physician and anatomist (d. 1874).
* 15 April – Hermann Grassmann, Prussian mathematician (d. 1877)
* 5 May – Frederick Langenheim, German American pioneer of panoramic photography (died 1879
* 23 May – Hugo von Kirchbach, Prussian general (d. 1887)
* 13 June – Heinrich Hoffmann, German author and children's poet (d. 1894)
* 20 June – Isaak August Dorner, German theologian (d. 1884)
* 16 July – Konstantin Bernhard von Voigts-Rhetz, Prussian general (d. 1877)
* 8 August – Heinrich Abeken, German theologian (d. 1872)
* 12 September – Julius von Bose, Prussian general (d. 1894)
* 10 November – David Einhorn (rabbi), German-American abolitionist (d. 12879)
* 20 November – Gustav Koerner, German-born revolutionary, journalist, lawyer, politician, a statesman of Illinois and Germany, Colonel of the U.S. Army (d. 1896)
* 30 December – Wilhelm von Tümpling, Prussian general (d. 1884)

## Deaths

* 6 January – Johann Augustus Eberhard, German theologian, philosopher (b. 1739)
* 18 March – Karoline Kaulla, German banker (b. 1739)
* 26 April – Bernhard Schott, German music publisher (b. 1748)
* 1 September – Johann Friedrich August Göttling, German chemist (b. 1753)
* 7 September – Caroline Schelling, German scholar (b. 1763)
* 28 November – Jakob Heinrich Laspeyres, German lepidopterist (b. 1769)