# Brihonnola

Brihonnola is a 2014 Bangladeshi feature film directed and produced by Murad Parvez based on a short story named "Gaach-ta Bolechilo" (The Tree had Told) by Indian Bengali author Syed Mustafa Siraj. The film stars Ferdous Ahmed, Sohana Saba, Azad Abul Kalam, Jhuna Choudhury, and Intekhab Dinar. Brihonnola is a tale of the goodness inherent in human nature prevailing over religious prejudice and racial dogmatism.
The film was released on 19 September 2014.

## Plot

Mohanpur is an ancient village, not unlike many such villages of our country, still deprived of the basic amenities of modern times. There is a local health centre minus a permanent doctor (Azad Abul Kalam) as no one is willing to work and live in a village. There is also a primary school with no more than a handful of pupils and the few who do go to school hardly ever attend college afterward. The population of the village is just average, neither too dense nor too sparse. One it was a predominantly Hindu locality, but in a course of time, the proportion of Hindus has declined to the level of Muslims and is continuing to decline further. However, any conflict or clash between the adherents of the two faiths is yet unheard of in this village. All villagers live in an atmosphere of friendly tolerance. Everything has been going well for ages, but at one point an ancient banyan tree becomes the focal point of dispute between the two sections of the village community. Situated on public land, this tree has been witness to the passage of time. It is said that once this plot of land used to be the property of a Hindu zamindar, but at present it belongs to the government.
The villagers do not have many possessions, except for a few things. The Muslims have a mosque, the Hindus a temple. There are one community health centre and an ancient railway station. One day the Hindus suddenly began to think: "Wish we could have another temple!" The Muslims also thought: "If we could not have another mosque, why not an Eidgah at least?" And both sides wanted their temple or mosque to be erected on the empty public land. But the tree on the plot stood in the way.
The only resident doctor in the village, elderly homoeopath Araj Ali (Azad Abul Kalam), had been applying to the authorities for the last five years for a good doctor for the health centre. Finally, his application bore fruit, a qualified doctor was sent from the district town, and on the same day the village carpenter Tulsi's(Intekhab Dinar) goat died on the public land. Hindus and Muslims were shocked by the incident, they suspected the tree on the plot was cursed. Rumour was rife in the village that the old banyan tree was the cause of the animal's death. To prevent the recurrence of such incidents the vicinity of the tree was declared inaccessible to all human beings, their cattle, and other domestic pets. But at one time children used to play hide-and-seek around that banyan tree on the public land, on scorching hot days cowherds dozed in its soothing shade, peasants working in the fields cooled their perspiring bodies under its leafy branches while eating the lunch brought by their wives or daughters. But in a few days time, the cursed tree claimed its second victim, the carpenter Tulsi's old mother (Dilara Zaman) who went gathering dry leaves under it. Tulsi's wife Durgarani (Sohana Saba) told everyone that tree was indeed the killer of her mother-in-law.
The newly qualified doctor Abir Ahmed at the village health centre examined the dead woman and said that she had died of a heart attack. The Hindus refused to accept his verdict. Overnight the tree turned into a deity. Illiterate and superstitious Hindus began to worship the tree from a safe distance, the over-zealous among them even dared to decorate the trunk and branches of the tree with red pennants. The Brahmins began to proclaim that the tree deity could only be appeased by performing puja under it and offering human sacrifice.
The time of Durga Puja, the biggest Hindu festival, drew near. Muslims too prepared to rejoice in the festivities of their Hindu neighbours. The image of goddess Durga was being constructed in the temple. Arati – ritualistic worship with oil lamps and burning sense accompanied by the loud ringing of bells and beating of gongs – was performed every evening in the temple till late, although worshippers were careful not to begin it until the Muslims had ended their namaz. This was a familiar daily scenario in Mohanpur.
Mohanpur has a small marketplace consisting of only a handful of shops. Protul Nag is the night watchman, appointed by Gour Biswas, the head of the temple committee. It is said that he had murdered his wife. Protul patrols the market area every night, shouting "Beware, all honest people!" although his own honesty is subject to question. One night a thief broke into a shop and tried to escape carrying a sackful of rice. But he ran into Protul and dropping the sack ran off to hide under the banyan tree on the public land. There were heavy rains and thunderstorm that night and the next morning the thief was found lying stone dead under the tree. After examining the corpse the qualified doctor Abir Ahmed said the man had been murdered.
The Hindus refused to accept the doctor's opinion. They said: "The deity is demanding human sacrifice. Such incidents will not stop until the deity’s demand is met." The veteran homoeopath Araj Ali asked: "If the man has indeed been killed by that tree, why is there a vicious bruise on his head?" But no one paid any heed to his question.
Tulsi was dumbfounded with grief at his mother's death. He had the lurking suspicion that the members of the temple committee might have persuaded his wife Durga to poison the goat. Were they responsible for his mother's death as well? His mother and Durga had never been on very good terms with each other, so he could not help suspecting his wife. So he withdrew into a shell and simply stopped talking. Meanwhile, a clandestine relationship developed between Durga and the new doctor Abir. This gave rise to covert whisperings in the village.
The homoeopath Araj Ali repeatedly sent applications to the district town praying for the interference of the authorities to resolve this situation. One day a Police Inspector arrived to make inquiries into the questions involving the banyan tree. Both Hindus and Muslims gathered at the spot. The Inspector carefully examined the tree. Araj Ali's letters had already appraised the Inspector of the dirty politics behind the incidents taking place in the village. An elderly Hindu villager came forward and said: "Inspector Sir, this tree is not a mere tree, it’s a deity. It’s demanding more blood." The Inspector replied: "So you’re advocating human sacrifice here! You want a temple where you can worship. But was there ever a temple at this spot?" An old Muslim gentleman shouted: "There has never been a temple here. Why is it necessary to preserve this tree? Let’s cut it down!" These heated arguments created considerable excitement among the crowd and led to skirmishes. Finally, the police managed to disperse the crowd by wielding sticks and the Inspector even had to fire a few rounds. The police force left without taking a decision.
The next day a bagful of money reached the Inspector. The authorities shook their hands off the matter. And the mosque committee discovered that their agitation was about to fizzle out since their community had suffered no loss of life or property. Meanwhile, the temple committee arranged to guard the tree lest someone tried to destroy it. In spite of that one night, some men wearing caps managed to tear off the red ribbons hung from its branches. Coming to know of this Araj Ali rushed there and re-fastened the red ribbons, two village communities.
The same night the dead body of Araj Ali was found at the bottom of the tree. The fingers of one of his lifeless hands were clutching a cap. The mosque committee placed the blame of Araj Ali's death squarely on the temple committee while the latter accused the former of the same crime. The two sides began taking out processions, in turn, protesting against this heinous act and demanding justice.
Apprehending that the situation was quickly going out of control, the doctor Abir Ahmed petitioned the higher authorities. The government responded with strict orders that neither side was to erect any kind of structure in the vicinity of the disputed tree. Hindus and Muslims then joined hands to drive the Doctor Abir out of the village. They chose Tulsi's beautiful wife Durga as the instrument for making their plan work.
Their plan was successful. Answering the coquettish call of Durga, the doctor came to see her behind her house in the dead of night. He was caught red-handed by vigilant villagers. The same night both Hindus and Muslims gathered in the courtyard of Haji Sahib where the doctor was put on trial. Their verdict was that Doctor Abir must leave the village by the first light of dawn. Progressive ideology was thus defeated by dirty politics.
But will this politics of religious dogmatism, of vested interests ever come to an end? Or is it to continue as long as the human race lasts? But that banyan tree is still standing on that same public land, and politics is still being played around it.
"O Brihonnola Tree, may you survive forever because you too have the right to live."

## Controversy

In February 2016, the Government of Bangladesh honoured the film with Best Film, Best Dialogue, and Best Story awards. But two months later, the awards were cancelled after allegations of plagiarism against the director Murad Parvez proved true. After Brihonnola was honoured at Jaipur International Film Festival in 2015, Indian writer Syed Mustafa Siraj’s family alleged that the film was based on his short story Gachhta Bolechhilo. Indian writers Shirshendu Mukhopadhyay and Debesh Roy requested Information Minister of Bangladesh Hasanul Haq Inu to pay Siraj's family Rs 150,000 as royalty for the story. The information ministry formed a probe committee to look into the issue.

## Cast

* Ferdous Ahmed as Doctor Abir Ahmed
* Sohana Saba as Durga Rani
* Azad Abul Kalam as Aroz Ali
* Intekhab Dinar as Tulsi
* Dilara Zaman as Tulsi's Mother
* Jhuna Choudhury as Imam
* KS Firoz as Head of Mosque committee
* Abdullah Rana as Head of Temple committee
* Kohinur as Protul Nag
* Uttam Guho as Subodh
* Enamul Haque as Rahim
* Shamim Al Mamun as Police Inspector
* Khalequzzaman as Monsur Ali
* Manosh Bondopaddhaya as Shoshibhushon
* Ana Putul as Shikha
* S M Mohasin as Nokul Biswas
* MD Faruk as Thakur
* Prithuraj as Arun
* Mukitul Kabir
* Monjur Hossain as Modon
* Mahmood Alam as thief
* Robiul Mahmood Young as Najmul Master
* Mohsin Shamim as Jamsed
* Shahana Shumi as thief's wife
* Shahadat Hossain Sagor as Government Officer