# Order of the State of the Republic of Turkey

The Order of the State of Republic of Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Nişanı) is the highest state order awarded to foreign nationals by the President of the Republic of Turkey.
The Order of the State is conferred by the President, upon the decision of the Council of Ministers, to heads of state, presidents and royal members in recognition of their contributions for enhancing the amicable relations between their respective countries and Turkey. The "Regulation on State Awards and Medals" numbered 19892 was prepared and entered in the Official Gazette on 7 August 1988.

## Characteristics

The Order of the Republic of Turkey has a diameter of 8.9 cm. Composed of gold and silver, there is 18 carat green gold in the hexagonal center, crescent and star white enamel on a red background, and a pencil application on six crescents around it. There are a total of seven swords, four long and three short, with white and red metal applications from the middle of the crescents and six white and red star enamels at the ends of these swords. 18-carat green gold is used in the stars. The badge is a horizontal rectangle and measures 3.40 x 1.67 cm. There are 925 sterling silver frame pen application around it, Turkish flag motif on the ground, crescent and star enamel rhodium plating method in white and red colors in the middle. The order consists of 61.5 g (925 sterling silver) and 5.4 g (750 mil gold). The rosette is 7.15 gr (925 sterling silver).
On 5 November 2013, with the regulation issued by the Justice and Development Party and approved by the President Abdullah Gül and published in the Official Gazette, the Mustafa Kemal Atatürk silhouette on the front of the state badge and the caption of "Turkish Republic Order of the State" on the back were removed. Public Workers Unions Confederation of Turkey (Kamu-Sen) sued the State Council at the request of a stay of implementation and cancellation. In October 2016, the Council of State gave the cancellation of the missing regulation part of the state medal decision in the 6th article of the State Medals and Insignia Regulation, without including the "Atatürk Relief". The Prime Ministry appealed the decision. On October 10, 2018, a higher court of the Council of State, the Board of Trial Chambers, "emphasizing that Atatürk is the immortal leader", approved the decision of the lower court by majority vote and canceled the regulated part.

## Ceremony

The Order of the State is given to the awardee together with the certificate and badge by the President of Turkey or a person appointed by the President at a ceremony. Otherwise, if he has not been left to one of the heirs; it is given to the sons starting from the eldest, otherwise to his daughters, to his father if he has no children, to his mother if he has no father, to his spouse if there is no mother. The absence of his spouse is transferred to his legal heirs in accordance with the provisions of the Turkish Civil Code.
The ceremony is according to a certain protocol and procedures. The ceremony starts with the National Anthem of Turkey and then decision regarding the aiming parties is read. The person who will present the award goes in front of the people who will attach them on, gives their badges and certificates and congratulates themselves. Award recipients stand at intervals from the right, separately for each medal and decoration group. The order of the groups is arranged according to the priority order of the awards or medal in the law, the priority of the persons according to the state protocol for the public officials and the surname for the private persons.

## Statistics

The order was first given to Lech Wałęsa, the second president of Poland, by President Süleyman Demirel in 1994. Demirel awarded the honor to the heads of state of 12 countries during his tenure. President Ahmet Necdet Sezer awarded the order only to the first president of the Czech Republic, Václav Havel. No order was given between 2001–2006. After President Abdullah Gül took office, the state order was given again beginning with King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan awarded the order to King Philippe I of Belgium, King Salman bin Abdulaziz of Saudi Arabia, Emir of Kuwait Sabah al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah, and Tunisian President Beji Caid Essebsi. Azerbaijan, Poland, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia are the only countries to have received the order twice. In total, 33 people have been awarded the Order of the State.

## Recipients of the Order of State

| | Year | Country | Name | Title | Conferred by |
| 1 | 1994 | Poland | Lech Wałęsa | President of Poland | Süleyman Demirel |
| 2 | 1997 | Azerbaijan | Heydar Aliyev | President of Azerbaijan | Süleyman Demirel |
| 3 | 1997 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Alija Izetbegović | Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina | Süleyman Demirel |
| 4 | 1998 | Egypt | Hosni Mubarak | President of Egypt | Süleyman Demirel |
| 5 | 1999 | Croatia | Franjo Tuđman | President of Croatia | Süleyman Demirel |
| 6 | 1999 | Georgia | Eduard Shevardnadze | President of Georgia | Süleyman Demirel |
| 7 | 1999 | Romania | Emil Constantinescu | President of Romania | Süleyman Demirel |
| 8 | 1999 | United States | Bill Clinton | President of the United States | Süleyman Demirel |
| 9 | 1999 | Finland | Martti Ahtisaari | President of Finland | Süleyman Demirel |
| 10 | 2000 | Germany | Johannes Rau | President of Germany | Süleyman Demirel |
| 11 | 2000 | Poland | Aleksander Kwaśniewski | President of Poland | Süleyman Demirel |
| 12 | 2000 | China | Jiang Zemin | President of the People's Republic of China | Süleyman Demirel |
| 13 | 2000 | Czech Republic | Václav Havel | President of the Czech Republic | Ahmet Necdet Sezer |
| 14 | 2007 | Saudi Arabia | Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz | King of Saudi Arabia | Abdullah Gül |
| 15 | 2008 | United Kingdom | Elizabeth II | Queen of the United Kingdom and Commonwealth realm nations | Abdullah Gül |
| 16 | 2009 | Portugal | Aníbal Cavaco Silva | President of Portugal | Abdullah Gül |
| 17 | 2009 | Kazakhstan | Nursultan Nazarbayev | President of Kazakhstan | Abdullah Gül |
| 18 | 2009 | Italy | Giorgio Napolitano | President of Italy | Abdullah Gül |
| 19 | 2011 | Pakistan | Asif Ali Zardari | President of Pakistan | Abdullah Gül |
| 20 | 2012 | Turkmenistan | Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow | President of Turkmenistan | Abdullah Gül |
| 21 | 2012 | Netherlands | Beatrix | Queen of the Netherlands | Abdullah Gül |
| 22 | 2013 | Sweden | Carl XVI Gustaf | King of Sweden | Abdullah Gül |
| 23 | 2013 | Norway | Harald V | King of Norway | Abdullah Gül |
| 24 | 2013 | Azerbaijan | Ilham Aliyev | President of Azerbaijan | Abdullah Gül |
| 25 | 2013 | Luxembourg | Henri | Grand Duke of Luxembourg | Abdullah Gül |
| 26 | 2015 | Belgium | Philippe | King of Belgium | Recep Tayyip Erdoğan |
| 27 | 2016 | Saudi Arabia | Salman bin Abdul Aziz | King of Saudi Arabia | Recep Tayyip Erdoğan |
| 28 | 2017 | Kuwait | Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah | Emir of Kuwait | Recep Tayyip Erdoğan |
| 29 | 2017 | Tunisia | Beji Caid Essebsi | President of Tunisia | Recep Tayyip Erdoğan |
| 30 | 2022 | Malaysia | Al-Sultan Abdullah | Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia | Recep Tayyip Erdoğan |
| 31 | 2024 | Kuwait | Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah | Emir of Kuwait | Recep Tayyip Erdoğan |
| 32 | 2024 | Uzbekistan | Shavkat Mirziyoyev | President of Uzbekistan | Recep Tayyip Erdoğan |
| 33 | 2024 | Oman | Haitham bin Tariq | Sultan of Oman | Recep Tayyip Erdoğan |