OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Siege of Utrecht (1483)

52°5′20.000″N 5°6′56.002″E﻿ / ﻿52.08888889°N 5.11555611°E﻿ / 52.08888889; 5.11555611
The siege of Utrecht took place between June 23 and August 31, 1483 as part of the Hook and Cod wars and the Second Utrecht Civil War.

## Prelude

The Burgundians had tried to control the Bishopric of Utrecht since 1456, when David of Burgundy had become the new Prince-Bishop. Supported by the Cods and opposed by the Hooks, this conflict was linked to the century-old Hook and Cod wars. When Charles the Bold unexpectedly died in 1477, opposition to David of Burgundy flared up again, culminating in the Second Utrecht Civil War (1481–1483). David of Burgundy had to flee Utrecht and seek support from the new ruler of Burgundy, Maximilian of Austria.
Only back in control of the city of Utrecht since April 21, 1483, Prince-Bishop David of Burgundy was surprised in his old episcopal palace by a daring and stealthy night raid of the Hooks on May 8. The Prince-Bishop was captured and then imprisoned in Amersfoort. When Maximilian of Austria heard this news, he formed a large army under Joost de Lalaing to besiege Utrecht.

## Siege

The Archduke Maximilian set camp before the walls of Utrecht on June 23 and laid siege to the city. His troops' bombardment of the city walls seriously undermined the city's defences and the Hooks quickly requested a truce. Viscount Jan of Montfoort, Engelbert of Cleves and Gerrit Zoudenbalch then left the city to negotiate terms with the Archduke. The Viscount was not prepared to accept Maximilian's terms without further consultations with his allies so Engelbert of Cleves and Gerrit Zoudenbalch remained behind as hostages whilst Viscount Jan returned to the city. Shortly thereafter the inconsidered action of a party of Maximilian's troops broke the truce and in reaction Jan of Montfoort's Hook militants re-commenced hostilities with their besiegers. As a result, both Engelbert of Cleves and Gerrit Zoudenbalch were now considered to be prisoners of war.
The resumption of hostilities led to a hand-to-hand struggle for Utrecht which became uglier by the day with both sides suffering severe losses. With the chief Hook personalities dispersed, discouraged or in captivity, the peace party in Utrecht once again gained the upper hand over the viscerally anti-Burgundian Viscount Jan. Maximilian, who had seen his stadtholder, Joost de Lalaing, and many of his men fall as casualties in the course of the siege, was now also inclined to peace. His conditions for capitulation were hard but not harsh and were readily accepted by the war-torn city.

## Aftermath

Having taken control of Utrecht the Archduke continued on to Amersfoort, where he liberated David of Burgundy. For financial, political and economic reasons it was in the interest of both Maximilian and David of Burgundy to effect a lasting reconciliation with their adversaries, and their moderate post-war policies reflected this need.
# Cemais (Anglesey)

Cemais was one of the three medieval cantrefs on the island of Anglesey, north Wales, in the Kingdom of Gwynedd. It lay on the northern side of the island on the Irish Sea.
The cantref consisted of the two cwmwds of Talybolion and Twrcelyn.
# Protosticta

Protosticta is a genus of shadowdamsels in the damselfly family Platystictidae. There are more than 50 described species in Protosticta.

## Species

These 58 species belong to the genus Protosticta:
* Protosticta anamalaica Sadasivan, Nair & Samuel, 2022
* Protosticta antelopoides Fraser, 1931
* Protosticta armageddonia Chandran, Payra, Deshpande & Koparde, 2023
* Protosticta beaumonti Wilson, 1997
* Protosticta binhi Phan, To, Trinh & Dinh, 2019
* Protosticta bivittata Lieftinck, 1939
* Protosticta caroli van Tol, 2008
* Protosticta coomansi van Tol, 2000
* Protosticta cyanofemora Joshi, Subramanian, Babu & Kunte, 2020
* Protosticta damacornu Terzani & Carletti, 1998
* Protosticta davenporti Fraser, 1931
* Protosticta foersteri Laidlaw, 1902
* Protosticta francyi Sadivan, Vibhu, Nair & Palot in Vibhu et al., 2022
* Protosticta fraseri Kennedy, 1936
* Protosticta geijskesi van Tol, 2000
* Protosticta gracilis Kirby, 1889
* Protosticta grandis Asahina, 1985
* Protosticta gravelyi Laidlaw, 1915
* Protosticta hearseyi Fraser, 1922
* Protosticta himalaiaca Laidlaw, 1917
* Protosticta himalaica Laidlaw, 1917
* Protosticta joepani Dow, Phan & Choong, 2020
* Protosticta khaosoidaoensis Asahina, 1984
* Protosticta khasia Joshi & Sarkar, 2024
* Protosticta kiautai Zhou, 1986
* Protosticta kinabaluensis Laidlaw, 1915
* Protosticta lepteca van Tol, 2005
* Protosticta linduensis van Tol, 2000
* Protosticta linnaei van Tol, 2008
* Protosticta marenae van Tol, 2000
* Protosticta maurenbrecheri van Tol, 2000
* Protosticta medusa Fraser, 1934
* Protosticta monticola Emiliyamma & Palot, 2016
* Protosticta mortoni Fraser, 1924
* Protosticta myristicaensis Joshi & Kunte, 2020
* Protosticta ngoai Phan & Kompier, 2016
* Protosticta nigra Kompier, 2017
* Protosticta pariwonoi van Tol, 2000
* Protosticta plicata van Tol, 2005
* Protosticta ponmudiensis Kiran, Kalesh & Kunte, 2015
* Protosticta proboscis Kompier, 2016
* Protosticta pseudocuriosa Phan & Kompier, 2016
* Protosticta reslae van Tol, 2000
* Protosticta robusta Fraser, 1933
* Protosticta rozendalorum van Tol, 2000
* Protosticta rufostigma Kimmins, 1958
* Protosticta samtsensis Gurung & Phan, 2023
* Protosticta sanguinostigma Fraser, 1922
* Protosticta satoi Asahina, 1997
* Protosticta sholai Subramanian & Babu, 2020
* Protosticta simplicinervis Selys, 1885
* Protosticta socculus Phan & Kompier, 2016
* Protosticta spinosa Phan & Kompier, 2016
* Protosticta taipokauensis Asahina & Dudgeon, 1987
* Protosticta trilobata Fraser, 1933
* Protosticta uncata Fraser, 1931
* Protosticta vanderstarrei van Tol, 2000
* Protosticta versicolor Laidlaw, 1913
# Gertrude Metcalfe-Shaw

Gertrude E. Metcalfe-Shaw (born 1864) was a British Suffragette and writer. She was twice arrested and she was awarded a Hunger Strike Medal. She later set out on a caravan journey in the 1920s to cross America from California to New York. Her account was published.

## Life

She was born in 1864 and she came to notice after she joined the Women's Social and Political Union led by Emmeline Pankhurst. In 1913 she was one of two suffragettes who unfurled a flag at the top of the Monument to the Great Fire of London and they then dropped leaflets to those below. She was arrested and sent to Holloway later that year after she broke a window in the Police headquarters of Scotland Yard. She could have avoided prison by paying a fine but she opted to go to prison. She told the court that she had been robbed of £100 by the government as she had no vote so it was robbery to tax her. While she was in prison it is thought that the clandestine photograph of her was taken by the authorities. Photos of known suffragettes were distributed to the police, museums and art galleries. She was arrested and sentenced again in 1914. She had been released after going on hunger strike and she was awarded a medal recording her hunger strike and the two periods of imprisonment.
She moved to Canada during the war and by 1918 she was living in Michigan. In 1926 she published a book, English Caravanners in the Wild West: The Old Pioneers' Trail, recounting a journey that she had made in a horse-drawn caravan across America.
In October 2024 her WSPU medal and suffragette story featured on the BBC programme Antiques Roadshow. The experts valued her medal and her family's mementoes at £25,000 to £30,000.

## Private life

She married Edward Shaw and they had four children. Her sister-in-law was the painter, Helen Lavinia Cochrane who died in 1946. Her portrait of Metcalfe-Shaw is extant.
# Urracá, Panama

Urracá is a corregimiento in Santiago District, Veraguas Province, Panama with a population of 1,399 as of 2010. It was created by Law 53 of November 22, 2002.
# Harisinhji Jaisinhji

Harisinhji Jaisinhji was the Thakore of Dhrol from 1886 until 1914.

## Biography

He was born in 1845, and succeeded his father, Jaisinhji, on 26 October 1886. He was educated at Rajkumar College in Rajkot. He was kind-hearted and generous ruler. He had erected many public buildings including the Victoria Dispensary, the Prichard Girls’ School, a clock tower and a few temples. He died on 31 July 1914.

### Children

Harisinhji was the father of two sons. They were:
* Dolatsinhji Harisinhji
* Samatsinhji Harisinhji
# Gelpe

Gelpe is a small river of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It flows into the Morsbach near Remscheid.
# Gerald Cassidy (artist)

Gerald Cassidy (November 10, 1869 – February 12, 1934) was an early 20th-century artist, muralist, and designer who lived in Santa Fe, New Mexico.

## Biography

Cassidy was born in Covington, Kentucky, on November 10, 1869, as Ira Dymond Gerald Cassidy. His parents were Edwin B. Cassidy and Olive E. Cassidy, née Crouch. He studied art at the Institute of Mechanical Arts under Frank Duveneck, and the Art Students League in New York.
At the same moment that Cassidy was first finding success, he contracted a life-threatening case of pneumonia and was moved to a sanitarium in Albuquerque in 1890. It was here that he first saw the people and places of the American Southwest, the subject matter that he would dedicate his entire life's work to after this point. His first work using American Indian and Western subjects was heavily art deco, and a deco edge would remain in his work even as it developed into a more solidly realist style.
Cassidy moved from Albuquerque to Denver to work as a lithographer. In 1912 he moved and settled in Santa Fe, New Mexico where he met Edgar L. Hewett, founding director of the Museum of New Mexico. Hewett commissioned him to paint his first mural at the Panama-California International Exposition. He painted the Navajo in works that were primarily transferred to postcards or posters. At the 1915 Panama-California International Exposition in San Diego Cassidy was awarded the gold medal for his murals, the largest award he would win in his lifetime. Cassidy also created the mural Dawn of the West and the Parfet Park memorial in Golden, Colorado, where he was an honorary member of the Golden Kiwanis Club.
During the mid-twenties Cassidy traveled in Europe, and his pieces were well thought of by the European public. Pablo Picasso chose one of Cassidy's pieces from a show for inclusion in the Luxembourg Palace in Paris.
He was married twice; first to Sarah Craus Snowden. On January 12, 1910, he married Perlina Sizer Davis.
He died on February 12, 1934, as a result of turpentine and carbon monoxide poisoning from a newly installed natural gas heater in his studio while working on a mural art project for the dome of the federal building at Santa Fe.

## Art collections

Cassidy's art can be seen at the New Mexico Museum of Art, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, UC Berkeley Bancroft Library, Smithsonian American Art Museum, and the El Paso Museum of Art. His work is also in Santa Fe at the main post office, Bishop's Lodge, and Hotel La Fonda.
* Master of Ceremonies
* Cui Bono, New Mexico Museum of Art
* View of the Santa Fe Plaza in the 1850s, New Mexico Museum of Art
* Coronado mural at Santa Fe Post Office
* Pueblo Blind Man
* Portrait of Juan Bautista de Anza, El Paso Museum of Art
# Protosticta mortoni

Protosticta mortoni, is a damselfly species in the family Platystictidae. It is endemic to Western Ghats in India.

## Description and habitat

It is a large slender damselfly with black capped ultramarine blue eyes. Its prothorax is blue with posterior lobe black. Its thorax is glossy black, marked with two narrow blue lateral stripes on each side. There is a similar stripe on the posterior part of metepimeron. Abdomen is black, marked with white and blue. Sides of segment 1 is blue; 2 is white. Segment 3 is with a narrow basal annule. Segments 4 to 7 are with broad basal annules. Segment 8 is with its basal half turquoise-blue, extending along sides nearly as far as apex, and separated from the base of segment by a very narrow black basal ring. Segments 9 and 10 are unmarked. Anal appendages are black. Female is very similar to the male, but shorter and more robustly built.
It is similar to Protosticta gravelyi, but can be distinguished by the prothorax blue with its posterior lobe black and by the markings on segment 8, the basal half of dorsum being unmarked.
# Klavdiya Kildisheva

Klavdiya Sergeyevna Kildisheva (Russian: Клавдия Сергеевна Кильдишева; 6 March 1917 – 2 May 1994) was a Soviet and Russian test and aerospace engineer. She was awarded the Hero of Socialist Labour medal in 1981, the highest degree of distinction in the USSR for exceptional achievements in Soviet industry and culture.

## Biography

Kildisheva was born in Vyazma to a railroad worker. She finished school in 1934 and went on to study at the Moscow University in the Mechanical - Mathematical Faculty. Kildisheva graduated in 1940 and went on to work in Moscow in the experimental design office Andrei Tupolev completing strength calculations for aircraft. She moved to the A.S. Yakovlev Experimental Design Bureau in 1941, which had been formed in 1934 under designer Alexander Sergeyevich Yakovlev.
She joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and from 1943 to 1946 she was the chair of the trade union committee for the war. Afterwards, in 1946, Kildisheva took up a position as deputy-chief of the laboratory for aircraft static tests. In 1949 she became deputy head and then in 1953 head of the research department of the Yakovlev OKB-115. In 1966 she was promoted to deputy head designer for research work. She worked on the ground tests for the Second World War and early Cold War era Yakovlev Yak-9 fighter aircraft to the three-engined mid-range Yakovlev Yak-42 passenger jet developed in the mid-1970s. Kildisheva retired in 1982 as a pensioner of national importance. She died in Moscow, and was buried at the Kotlyakovsky Cemetery.

## Awards

* Hero of Socialist Labour (1981)Hero of Socialist Labour medal
* Two Orders of Lenin (1966, 1981)
* Lenin Prize (1972)
* USSR State Prize (1977)
* Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1957)
* Order of the Badge of Honour (1945)
# Han Hye-soon

Han Hye-soon (born 2 January 1968) is a South Korean rower. She competed in the women's double sculls event at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# All That Glitters Is a Mares Nest

Professional ratings :
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| Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
All That Glitters Is a Mares Nest (also known simply as Maresnest) is a live album and concert film by the English rock band Cardiacs. It is their third live album, and was originally recorded in the afternoon in the Salisbury Arts Centre on 30 June 1990 with Napalm Death. It is the only Cardiacs album to feature guitarist Christian Hayes throughout. The album was released on VHS in 1992 and as a live album on 1 June 1995.
Napalm Death were recording their video Live Corruption (1992) at the same venue that evening, and seeing as both Cardiacs and Napalm Death shared the same manager, it was decided they could record two live videos in the same place for the price of one-and-a-half. The CD features two extra tracks ("Two Bites of Cherry" and "All Spectacular") that didn't appear on the video.
All That Glitters Is a Mares Nest is the only Cardiacs album to feature the band as a septet. The lineup of Cardiacs which played this concert did not entirely reflect the live touring band of the time as Sarah Smith had left the band the previous year. The show was Tim Quy's last performance with Cardiacs.

## Video

The video was directed by Steve Payne and produced by Steven Malitsky, for Fotodisk.
Maresnest was officially re-released on DVD format on 2 September 2013, with improved video and sound quality.
The last track of the Sea Nymphs' second album On the Dry Land (2016), "Wanky", first appeared in the 'on the tour bus' section of the film.
Future Cardiacs members Jon Poole and Bob "Babba" Leith can be seen in the crowd during some shots.
The film was screened at the Barnes Film Festival on 20 June 2021, followed by an interview with keyboardist William D. Drake hosted by author and journalist Cathi Unsworth.

## Track listing

All songs written by Tim Smith unless otherwise indicated.
VHS (1992 release / 2013 DVD release)
* "The Duck and Roger the Horse"
* "There's Too Many Irons in the Fire"
* "It's a Lovely Day" (T. Smith, Sarah Smith, Colvin Mayers, Mark Cawthra)
* "Everything Is Easy"
* "I Hold My Love in My Arms" (T. Smith, William D. Drake)
* "Arnald"
* "Baby Heart Dirt"
* "To Go Off and Things" (T. Smith, Cawthra) (followed by unlisted instrumental "Bic's Bit")
* "The Leader of the Starry Skys"
* "Tarred and Feathered" (T. Smith, Drake)
* "Fast Robert"
* "Big Ship"
* "Visiting"
* "R.E.S."
* "Is This the Life?"

## Personnel

Adapted from the Maresnest liner notes.
Cardiacs
* Tim Quy – percussion, bass synth
* Tim Smith – lead guitar, vocals
* Jim Smith – bass guitar, vocals
* Sarah Smith – saxophone
* Christian Hayes – guitar, vocals
* William D. Drake – keyboards, vocals
* Dominic Luckman – drums
Technical
* Mike Smith – executive producer
* Steve Malitsky – film producer
* Steve Payne – film director
* Cardiacs – sleeve design
# Pipunculinae

Pipunculinae is a subfamily of big-headed flies (insects in the family Pipunculidae).

## Genera

* Tribe Cephalopsini
** Genus Cephalops Fallén, 1810
** Genus Cephalosphaera Enderlein, 1936
* Tribe Microcephalopsini
** Genus Collinias Aczél, 1940
** Genus Microcephalops De Meyer, 1989
* Tribe Eudorylini
** Genus Allomethus Hardy, 1943
** Genus Amazunculus Rafael, 1986
** Genus Basileunculus Rafael, 1987
** Genus Claraeola Aczél, 1940
** Genus Clistoabdominalis Skevington, 2001
** Genus Dasydorylas Skevington, 2001
** Genus Elmohardyia Rafael, 1987
** Genus Eudorylas Aczél, 1940
* Tribe Tomosvaryellini
** Genus Dorylomorpha Aczél, 1939
** Genus Tomosvaryella Aczél, 1939
* Tribe Pipunculini
** Genus Pipunculus Latreille, 1802
# Necdet Ayaz

Necdet Ayaz (born 4 July 1958) is a Turkish long-distance runner. He competed in the men's 5000 metres at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# John Murray (Victorian politician)

John (Jack) Murray (8 July 1851 – 4 May 1916), Australian politician, was the 23rd premier of Victoria.

## Biography

Murray was born near Koroit, Victoria, the son of James Murray (died 1885) and his wife Isabella, née Gordon, both Scottish immigrants. When Murray was a child his parents settled on a farm, Glenample station, at Port Campbell in the Western District of Victoria. Murray attended Allansford National School and, from 1868, Henry Kemmis's Warrnambool Grammar School. Murray visited Britain when around 20 years of age and was horrified by the poverty he saw there; but returned to Victoria. Murray inherited the farm and lived there all his life. On 4 April 1888 Murray married Alice Jane Bateman at Warrnambool, eventually having six children.
In 1883 Murray opposed James Francis for Warrnambool in the Victorian Legislative Assembly, but was defeated. Francis died in 1884, Murray obtained the vacant seat and held it until his death 32 years later. Murray was often opposed, and in his early days his indulgence in alcohol threatened his career. Murray overcame this weakness and afterwards as an advocate of temperance did not hesitate to mention the danger he had been in. A typical rural conservative, he was Chief Secretary and Minister for Labour in the government of William Irvine from 1902 to 1904, and President of the Board of Land and Works and Commissioner of Crown Lands in the government of Thomas Bent from 1904 to 1906. After 1907, however, Murray emerged as the leader of a country faction of Bent's Liberal Party which opposed his free-spending policies. In January 1909 he successfully moved a motion of no-confidence in Bent's government and succeeded him as Premier, also becoming Chief Secretary and Minister for Labour.
Murray was chief secretary in 1902-04 and from 1909 formal chairman of the Board for the Protection of Aborigines.
Although the Labor Party won the 1910 federal elections, it remained much weaker in Victoria than in other states, and at the 1911 state elections Murray's Liberals were re-elected with 43 seats to Labor's 20. But conflict between rural and urban factions of the Liberal Party remained chronic, with the urban leader William Watt undermining Murray just as Murray had undermined Bent. By May 1912 Murray had had enough and resigned. He then accepted office as Chief Secretary in Watt's government from 1912 to 1913 and again from 1913 to 1915. Murray died in Warrnambool on 4 May 1916 after his trap-pony had bolted.
Murray was physically a big man, good-natured and well-read, an excellent speaker who used humour and irony. An able administrator with a tendency to indolence, he was a good leader in the house, often turning the laugh against his opponents, and managing difficult measures with much tact and success.
# Christian de Boisredon

Christian de Boisredon (born 2 February 1974) is a French writer and social entrepreneur known for his contributions to the media field. He is the founder of Sparknews, a global network promoting positive journalism and impactful initiatives such as Impact Journalism Day and Solutions&Co. They were recognized as an Ashoka Fellow in 2014 for their work with Sparknews.

## The World Hope Tour

Christian de Boisredon was born in 1974. When he was 24, he travelled around the world, looking for men and women who were moving the world forward. After this “World Hope Tour”, the book written by Christian and his two travel companions (L’Espérance Autour du Monde, ed Pocket at Vivendi Universal Publisher) became a bestseller and was translated into several languages.

## Reporters d'Espoirs

While working as a consultant in strategy and change management in the consulting firm BearingPoint (ex Arthur Andersen), he co-founded in 2003 a social business, Reporters of Hope (Reporters d’Espoirs), and encouraged a large group of media CEOs (TV, Radio, Press and Internet...) to focus on solution-based information. The first event united important figures of the press at the headquarters of UNESCO with more than 1200 opinion leaders and more than 350 journalists and editors.
Christian de Boisredon passed on the presidency to Pierre Nougué and the managing role to a CEO in 2007 in order to focus on his other projects. Christian quit the board of the organization he created for strategy divergences.

## The Yunus Movie Project

In 2006, Christian de Boisredon co-founded a production company to produce a feature film based on the life of Professor Muhammad Yunus, inventor of Microcredit. Two months later, the latter won the Nobel Peace Prize. Phyllida Lloyd, the director of The Iron Lady (starring Meryl Streep) and Mamma Mia! (the biggest hit ever made by a female director and 5th biggest hit of 2008) is attached to the project as well as David Thompson, former head of BBC Films and Tessa Ross, head of Film 4 and coproducer of Slumdog Millionnaire among other films. The project is on stand by for political reasons in Bangladesh.

## Sparknews

In 2011, Christian de Boisredon created a social business start-up with a similar underlying philosophy to "Reporters d'Espoirs" but with an international approach. Sparknews started as a TV and press reports aggregator focused on solution based content. The site has been launched on May 31, 2012 at an event organized with the Global Editors Network, during the news World Summit, gathering 400 international editors in chief. Since then, Sparknews has created Impact Journalism Day where 50 leading newspapers from 4 continents publish together a supplement dedicated to solution based stories. The reach is 120 million readers and the news papers are Le Monde, The Sunday Times, La Stampa, the Times of India, Asahi Shimbun...

## Speaker

Christian frequently appears as a speaker in the media and at conferences: OECD, UNESCO, Global Entrepreneurship week, Danone, Leroy Merlin, BNP-Paribas, L'Oréal, EDF, Science-po, HEC, ESCP, etc.