OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Executive director

Executive director is commonly the title of the chief executive officer (CEO) of a non-profit organization, government agency or international organization.
The title is widely used in North American and European not-for-profit organizations, though in the United States many have adopted the title 'president' or CEO. It generally has the same meaning as CEO or managing director.
The title may also be used by a member of a board of directors for a corporation, such as a company, cooperative or nongovernmental organization, who usually holds a managerial position with the corporation. In this context the role is usually contrasted with a non-executive director who usually holds no executive, managerial role with the corporation.
There is much national and cultural variation in the exact definition of an executive director.

## United Nations

The title is used for the chief executive officer of several UN agencies, such as UN Women.

## United States

In the US, an executive director is a chief executive officer (CEO) or managing director of an organization, company, or corporation. The title is widely used in North American not-for-profit organizations, though many United States nonprofits have adopted the title president or CEO.
Confusion can arise because the words executive and director occur both in this title and in titles of various members of some organizations' boards of directors.
In the US nonprofit sector, the executive director role is the highest ranking position within the organization. It corresponds to a CEO position in a for-profit corporation.

### Role

The role of the executive director is to design, develop and implement strategic plans for the organization in a manner that is both cost and time-efficient. The executive director is also responsible for the day-to-day operation of the organization, which includes managing committees and staff as well as developing business plans in collaboration with the board. In essence, the board grants the executive director the authority to run the organization. The executive director is accountable to the board of directors and reports to the board on a regular basis as defined by the organization's bylaws. The board sets the vision through a high-level strategic plan, but it is the role of the executive director to create implementation plans that support the strategic plan.
The executive director is a leadership role for an organization and often fulfills a motivational role in addition to office-based work. Executive directors motivate and mentor members, volunteers, and staff, and may chair meetings. The executive director leads the organization and develops its organizational culture.

## United Kingdom (UK)

In the UK, an executive director is a member of a board who is also an employee with a senior role. It is common for boards to have several executive directors, e.g. for different departments. There is no legal difference between an executive and a non-executive director (NXD or NED), but there are considerable differences in the expectations associated with the role.
# Martin Schäffl

Martin Schäffl (born 13 December 1969) is an Austrian former professional tennis player.
Schäffl had a career high singles ranking of 398 in the world while competing on the professional tour, with three ATP Tour main draw appearances. He played twice at his home tournament the Austrian Open Kitzbühel and qualified for the 1991 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia in Palermo.
# Battle of Raft Swamp

The Battle of Raft Swamp was fought near Red Springs, North Carolina in Robeson County, on October 15, 1781 during the American War of Independence. Raft Swamp was well known for being a refuge for Loyalists during the American Revolution. On October 15, 1781, in the course of Gen. Griffith Rutherford's expedition against Wilmington, the Patriot cavalry vanguard commanded by Maj. Joseph Graham briefly engaged with some mounted Loyalists of Col. Hector "One-Eyed Hector" McNeill on Rockfish Creek. Major Graham's cavalry charged and broke the Loyalist cavalry and led to fierce combat on the narrow causeway, as well as another clash on a second causeway. A series of charges and confused engagements resulted in the Loyalist forces scattering when darkness brought the action to a conclusion with the Patriots occupying the area. This would be the last battle fought in North Carolina. It took place four days before the British surrender at Yorktown. Today, a state historic marker entitled with the name of the swamp denotes the site of the engagement. It reads as follows: "After the Tory victory at McPhaul's Mill, the Whigs routed the Tories near here on Oct. 15, 1781 and broke their resistance in the area."
# Lambach (disambiguation)

Lambach is a market town in the Wels-Land district of Upper Austria.
Lambach may also refer to:

## Populated places

* Lambach, Moselle, a commune in the Moselle department in north-eastern France
* Neukirchen bei Lambach, a municipality in the district of Wels-Land in the Austrian state of Upper Austria
* Edt bei Lambach, a municipality in the district of Wels-Land in the Austrian state of Upper Austria

## Rivers

* Lambach (Loper Bach), a river of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, tributary of the Loper Bach
* Lambach (Eickumer Mühlenbach), a river of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, tributary of the Eickumer Mühlenbach

## Aviation

* Lambach HL.I, a trainer aircraft designed and built by the Delft Student Aeroclub in the Netherlands in the 1930s
* Lambach HL.II, a single seat aerobatic biplane designed and built in the Netherlands in the 1930s
* SSVOBB "Lambach Aircraft", an aircraft student society at TU Delft in the Netherlands

## Military

* Helmut Lambach (1918–2000), Hauptmann in the Wehrmacht during World War II
* Battle of Lambach, a minor French victory during the Napoleonic Wars

## Other

* Lambach Abbey, a Benedictine monastery in Lambach in the Wels-Land district of Upper Austria
* Old Lambach Symphony, Symphony, K. 45a written by Mozart
# Zeno the Hermit

Saint Zeno the Hermit was a disciple of St. Basil the Great and a hermit. He is venerated as a saint by the Eastern Orthodox Church and Byzantine Catholic churches and his feast day is on 30 January.

## Biography
### Early life

Zeno was born to a Christian family of privilege and status in the region of Pontus around the year 339. From an early age he devoted himself to the study of letters and sciences and quickly distinguished himself and became known to all, for the multitude of his virtues, his perfect education, his morals, his physique and his distinguished parents.
When Emperor Valens ascended the throne in AD 364, he summoned the now famous Zeno to his palace and offered him a great position. Zeno accepted and spent his early adulthood in the emperor's service. When however there was a vacancy for the position of Royal Postman, Zeno offered his services. The position which Zeno occupied was one of significant respect and prestige for to be such a courier was to bear the implicit trust of the Emperor. Messages needed to arrive swiftly, secretly and safely to where they were sent and in antiquity, this was far from a guarantee. The persons selected to be messengers on the public post had to be both physically fit and morally incorruptible, worthy of the personal confidence of the Emperor. Working amongst the soldiers who were sent out to deliver the imperial edicts enabled him to be close to the Church Fathers, the ascetics and the common people who lived simply and virtuously in the provinces. During his time in cursus publicus, Zeno stayed in monasteries and hermitages, praising and glorifying God. The name of the emperor's simple and humble postman had become known in many towns and villages, especially to the poor and suffering. A royal mission to Bishop Basil of Caesarea determined the later course of Zeno's life, as he was enchanted by Basil's eloquence, preaching and his humble, ascetic life.

### Life as a hermit

Upon the death of the emperor in AD 378, Zeno abandoned his post and sought the ascetic life of a hermit. Near Antioch he took up residence in a cave where he dwelt far from society for some forty years. He became well known for his humility and holiness. Zeno's mattress was a stack of grass on stones and he dressed in rags. His food was bread, which a friend of his used to bring him every two days, and he brought the water himself from far away. When the Isaurians invaded that place and killed many ascetics, Zeno blinded them with his prayer, and they missed the door of his cell.
Saint Zeno died in AD 416 at the age of 78, leaving a reputation as a holy hermit throughout the Byzantine Empire.

## Veneration

Zeno the Hermit of Antioch is commemorated on 30 January in the Eastern Orthodox Church and Byzantine Catholic Churches. In Greece he was declared the protector of postal workers by the Greek Post Office in 1968. He is commemorated with a holiday for all postal workers on 10 February.
# Gregg Hart

Gregg Hart (born August 24, 1959) is an American politician serving as a member of the California State Assembly for the 37th district. Elected in November 2022, he assumed office on December 5, 2022.

## Early life and education

Hart graduated from University of California, Santa Barbara.

## Career

Hart previously worked as the Santa Barbara County Supervisor representing the 2nd Supervisorial District and before that was a member of the Santa Barbara City Council.
He was elected to the California State Assembly in 2022 after defeating Republican former Santa Barbara County Supervisor Mike Stoker.
Hart is a member of the California Legislative Progressive Caucus.

## Election history
### 2022 California State Assembly election

2022 California's 37th State Assembly district election :
| Primary election |||||
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Gregg Hart | 54,923 | 56.1 |
| | Republican | Mike Stoker | 39,815 | 40.6 |
| | Democratic | Bruce Wallach | 3,241 | 3.3 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 97,979 | 100% |
| General election |||||
| | Democratic | Gregg Hart | 84,345 | 58.0 |
| | Republican | Mike Stoker | 60,959 | 42.0 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 145,304 | 100% |
| | Democratic win (new seat) | Democratic win (new seat) | Democratic win (new seat) | Democratic win (new seat) |
# Max Stiepl

Maximilian Stiepl (March 23, 1914 – August 27, 1992) was an Austrian speed skater who competed in the 1936 Winter Olympics and in the 1948 Winter Olympics.
In 1936 he won the bronze medal in the 10000 metres competition. In the 1500 metres event as well as in the 5000 metres competition he finished fifth.
Twelve years later he finished tenth in the 10000 meters event, 24th in the 5000 meters competition and 38th in the 1500 meters event.

## World record

| Discipline | Time | Date | Location |
| 5000 m | 8.18,9 | February 3, 1934 | Hamar |
Source: SpeedSkatingStats.com
# Cambridge School

Cambridge School may refer to:

## Educational Institutions
### Canada

* Cambridge Public School (Embrun, Ontario), Ontario, Canada

### India

* Cambridge School (Neermarga), Mangalore
* Cambridge School Srinivaspuri, South Delhi
* Colonel Brown Cambridge School, Dehradun
* Cambridge School Noida, U.P.
* Cambridge School (Greater Noida), Uttar Pradesh
* Cambridge School Indirapuram, Uttar Pradesh
* Cambridge School New Friends Colony, Delhi

### United Kingdom

* Cambridge Judge Business School, Cambridge
* Cambridge Steiner School, Cambridge
* Cambridge School of Art, former name of Anglia Ruskin University

### United States

* The Cambridge School of Weston in Massachusetts
* Cambridge School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture
* Cambridge School of Culinary Arts, Cambridge, Massachusetts
* Cambridge Street School in Worcester, Massachusetts
* Cambridge School of Business, former name of Grahm Junior College, Boston, Massachusetts
* Cambridge Rindge and Latin School in Cambridge, Massachusetts
* Cambridge Public School and High School, Wisconsin, United States

### Other educational institutions

* The Cambridge School, Doha, Qatar
* St Mary's Cambridge School, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

## Intellectual traditions

* Cambridge School (intellectual history), a style of historical methodology
* Cambridge School of historiography
# Archie Craig

Archibald Fergus Craig (27 August 1912 – 18 July 2000) was a Scottish racing cyclist. Nicknamed The Lothian Flyer, he was a prolific cyclist during the sport's pre-war heyday.

## Biography
### Early years

Craig was born in Edinburgh in 1912. His love of the sport started young when he was given a bike by an uncle in Glasgow at the age of 11 – which he then rode home to Corstorphine in Edinburgh, a distance of more than 50 miles (80 km). He joined Lothian Cycling Club in the late 1920s.

### Cycling career

As a young member of Lothian Cycling Club, he had been up among the best in the land, performing consistently well in British road races and solo record attempts. As captain of the Lothian Cycling Club, he set numerous records in the late 1930s. He was most proud of his timing for the solo run from Edinburgh to Glasgow and back in 1933 – four hours and 15 minutes – but his cycling career was spattered with impressive runs: Edinburgh to Berwick and back (a record five hours 37 minutes); an award-winning average speed of 20.788 mph in the Cycling magazine best all-rounder competition (1937); silver medal as a Lothian team member in the 1937 Scottish championship, when they crossed the line in second place; three hours ten minutes in the Morecambe to Bradford road race of 1945, and many, many more.

### Later years

He held various positions in Lothian Cycling Club over the years, including the club captaincy and was also East of Scotland road racing secretary. (At this time, he was instrumental in persuading officials to allow cyclists to race in shorts rather than black clothing and tights – he felt that that way they would be less conspicuous on the road on the Sabbath, when much of the serious business was done.)
Superbly fit for all of his active life, he had been a keen skier since the mid-1950s, with a particular affection for the Cairngorms, where he first took a skiing course at Glenmore Lodge in 1956 and was a founder member of the Cairngorm Development Company. He also skied all over Europe. His other pursuits included swimming, hill-walking and camping.

### Lothian Flyer

Since 2002 The Lothian Flyer Memorial Road Race has been held. It is a Regional "B" event for 4th Cat Juniors, Seniors & Vets only, Women (Cat 1–4) and novice road racers.

## Palmares

1937, Scottish 100 Miles Team Time Trial: Lothians C.C. A.Craig, T.Morrison & R.Anderson 14 hrs 23 mins 09 secs
# Ptilagrostiella

Ptilagrostiella kingii is a species of grass known by the common names Sierra false needlegrass and King's ricegrass. It is the sole species in genus Ptialgrostiella. It is a perennial native to central and eastern California and to Tamaulipas in northeastern Mexico. In California it is found in the high mountains of the Sierra Nevada, where it grows in meadows and near streams in subalpine and alpine climates.

## Description

It is a tuft-forming perennial bunchgrass growing 20 to 40 centimeters tall with narrow, rolled leaves. The narrow inflorescence is made up of a few upright branches lined with spikelets. Each spikelet has an awn up to 1.4 centimeters long which may be bent.
# Cameraria marinensis

Cameraria marinensis is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from California, United States.
The length of the forewings is 4.5–5.5 mm.
The larvae feed on Lithocarpus densiflorus. They mine the leaves of their host plant.
# Joseph Henry (bow maker)

Joseph Henry (December 10, 1823 in Mirecourt – 1870) became one of the most important bowmakers of the golden era of French bowmaking, working and collaborating with his master and employer Dominique Peccatte and business partner Pierre Simon
Henry studied with Peccatte and established his own shop in 1851. His bows are quite rare and sought after.
His work can be compared to that of Dominique PECCATTE. Henry was clearly his most talented student.
Henry was engaged by Simon c.1848, to work together in partnership (in what were formerly D.Peccatte’s Parisian premises). Although this association is thought to have ended acrimoniously in 1851, these few years were extremely fruitful for this pairing. Their work – both independently and in collaboration – garnered considerable acclaim, on one occasion winning them an Honourable Mention at the Great Exhibition in London in 1851." – Peter Oxley, Oxford
Peccatte passed on to Henry and Simon his teachings from Persoit (Persois) regarding the cambering of the bow (the shaping and imprinting of the curve of the bow). This collaboration gave rise to what is considered to be the best wood-bending school in France: Persoit-Peccatte-Henry-Simon. 150-200 years later, it is difficult to find a bow made by any of these great craftsmen that is not still in full working order.
Itzhak Perlman primarily plays a bow made by Joseph Henry, circa 1851–1870, and also plays the “Soil” Strad, made by Antonio Stradivari in 1714 during his Golden Period.
Other prominent violinists using bows by Joseph Henry include soloist Leonidas Kavakos, Benjamin Bowman (MET Opera Concertmaster), and Steve Kecskemethy (Portland String Quartet 1st Violin)
# Zosimus the Hermit

Zosimus the Hermit was an ascetic who resided in the wilds of Cilicia and Palestine in the 3rd century AD.
Zosimus was tortured during the Diocletianic Persecution of the Church under Roman emperor Diocletian but persevered in his Christian faith. After being tortured, he was left miraculously unharmed, which led to the conversion of Zosimus' guard Athanasius, who accepted the Christianity and baptism. Eventually, both Zosimus and Athanasius were released.
Legendary accounts relate Zosimus traveled by camel, and later by wind, to a place called the "Abode of the Blessed". The Abode was either a "paradisiacal realm" or a mountain hermitage far from human society. When he arrived, he saw a wall of clouds which he was lifted across by two trees. At the abode, he found a group of Rechabites. Zosimus lived there for forty years. While there, he abstained from wine, bread, and social interactions. Afterwards, he left to spread the Rechabite teachings. In order to stop him, the Devil and several demons tortured him for forty days. However, Zosimus banished the demons and lived on. During Zosimus's life, he would meet a penitent at the Jordan River. It is commonly accepted that much of the story surrounding Zosimus is fantasy.
Saint Zosimus the Hermit and Saint Athanasius his disciple are commemorated on 4 January by the Eastern Orthodox and Byzantine Catholic Churches, while the Catholic Church commemorates them a day earlier on 3 January.
# Shaobing

Shaobing (pinyin: shāobǐng; Wade–Giles: shao-ping), also called huoshao, is a type of baked, unleavened, layered flatbread in northern Chinese cuisine. Shaobing can be made with or without stuffing, and with or without sesame on top. Shaobing contains a variety of stuffings that can be grouped into two main flavors: savory or sweet. Some common stuffings include red bean paste, black sesame paste, stir-fried mung beans with egg and tofu, braised beef, smoked meat, or beef or pork with spices.
Shaobing is not very well known in southern China, unlike other northern dishes like mantou, baozi, and youtiao. Most Shaobing are popular in the northern part of China. Different types of shaobing are often associated with certain cities and towns.
Shaobing is a common breakfast item. Filled shaobing are usually eaten with soy milk and tea, while unfilled ones are usually eaten with steamed eggs or a breakfast meat dish. In the Mandarin cuisine tradition, shaobing are served with hot pot (huǒguō) in winter or soy milk.

## History

Chinese legends claim that the roasted, flat shaobing was brought back from the Xiyu (the Western Regions, a name for far-western China and Central Asia) by the Han dynasty General Ban Chao, and that it was originally known as hubing (胡餅, lit. 'barbarian pastry'). The shaobing is believed to be descended from the hubing. Shaobing is believed to be related to the Persian and Central Asian naan and the Near Eastern pita. Foreign westerners made and sold sesame cakes in China during the Tang dynasty.

## Types
### Huangqiao Shaobing

Huangqiao Shaobing (黄桥烧饼; Huángqiáo Shāobǐng) is one kind of Shaobing. It is made of flour, oil, sesame and other raw materials. It is golden in color and crispy on the outside. Traditionally, it is divided into sweet taste and salty taste. Generally, the sweet taste one is round and the salty taste one is long and oval.

### Zhoucun Shaobing

Zhoucun Shaobing (周村烧饼), is a kind of Shaobing. It is a traditional snack in Zibo, Shandong province, China, created by Guo Yunlong based on a horseshoe-shaped thick pancake. Its shape is round and thin as paper. The front is covered with sesame seed, the back is full of crisp holes. It is famous because of its special crisp and ability to conserve for a long time.

### Magao

Magao (常州大麻糕; Chángzhōu Dàmágāo), or sesame cake, is popular in the city of Changzhou in Jiangsu province. Changzhou sesame cakes are flat and oval-shaped. The traditional flavors are sweet, salty and spicy. It has golden thin crisp skin. To make Changzhou sesame cake, the chef needs to select the finest pigs suet, white flour, hulled sesame seeds, white sugar, refined salt, etc. other refined raw materials; then bake in a traditional barrel furnace.

### Donkey burger

Donkey burgers, or donkey sandwiches are a type of shaobing that is cut open and filled with meat, and are mostly eaten in Hebei province.
* Huangqiao shaobing
* Shaobing with red bean paste
* Donkey burger
* Shaobing with pork
* Baking in clay oven
* Baohu, or shaobing stuffed with mutton
* Baohu
# Yad

A yad (Hebrew: יד, romanized: yad; Yiddish: האַנט, romanized: hant, lit. 'hand') is a Jewish ritual pointer, or stylus, popularly known as a Torah pointer, used by the reader to follow the text during the Torah reading from the parchment Torah scrolls. It is often shaped like a long rod, capped by a small hand with its index finger pointing from it.

## Rationale

Beyond its practical usage in pointing out letters, the yad ensures that the parchment is not touched during the reading. There are several suggested reasons for this, including the mistaken idea that the fragile parchment is easily damaged by skin oils. However, the reason provided by the Talmud and other aspects of Jewish tradition state that the original reason was related to ritual purity.
While not required when chanting from the Torah, a yad is used frequently and is considered a hidur mitzvah ("embellishment of the commandment") of reading the Torah.

## Manufacture

A yad can be made of any number of materials, though silver is common, especially used in crowning the yad.

## Mountain Jews

The Mountain Jews had a particular way of handling pointers: they were held in pairs forming a V-shape dividing the text into passages. They were made and donated in pairs, even joined with a chain when they had inscriptions related to the same event. Their shapes were of two types: a flat bar and a bar twisted into a long tight screw-like shape with a flat part. In both types, the pointing part is made in the shape of a flat broad leaf with a rounded tip.
From the inscriptions on the pointers, one may deduce a specific ritual of Mountain Jews: before reading, the Torah is displayed to the congregation and the pointer indicated to it as a conceptual parallel to the guiding hand of God.
There are a number of different names for the pointer used by the Mountain Jews, indicating the variety of traditions. Most common ones are etzba (Hebrew: אצבע, lit. 'finger') and kulmus (קולמוס).