OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Schandra Singh

Schandra Singh (born 1977) is an American artist.

## Biography

Schandra Singh is a first generation American, born in Suffern, New York, to immigrant parents. She is the daughter of Anand Singh, an Indian Maharaja and Gisa Singh (née Voigt) an Austrian model. She is the sister of actress Sabine Singh. She graduated from Saddle River Day School in 1985, received a MFA from Yale School of Art in 2006 and her BFA from Rhode Island School of Design in 1999.
Singh's large-scale paintings show people in relaxing situations as a form of escape from distress. Stylized and satirical, Singh’s oil works appear to be preoccupied by the absurdity of social notions of rest at a time of incredible unrest. She has been featured in numerous exhibitions in America, Europe and Asia, including: The Saatchi Gallery, London; Sébastien Bertrand, Switzerland; Nature Morte, NY and Berlin; Thomas Erben, NY; MOCA, Shanghai.
In April 2013, Singh was the focus of a story on the public radio program This American Life, where she recounted a tale of her correspondence with a mysterious man in London whose autistic son was a fan of her work. She was also featured in the podcast entitled ‘What Are The Economics of Art’ for The Economist, which won the Gold Lovie award for top podcast in Europe in 2017. Singh’s painting and voice were used to advertise the win.
Her painting about her personal experience of 9/11 in this interview has also been featured in New York Magazine. The 9/11 painting and other of her works were also featured in Elle Magazine, Vogue India, The Wall St. Journal India, and The Wall St. Journal (United States).

## Selected exhibitions

* 2010: If I'm Immune To It, I Don't Deserve To Be Here, Bose Pacia, New York, NY, USA
* 2009: The Empire Strikes Back: Indian Art Today, The Saatchi Gallery, London, UK
* 2008: The Sun is not Ridiculous, Galerie Bertrand & Gruner, Geneva, Switzerland
* 2007: Around and Around 1000 Times, RARE, New York; SCOPE New York, Lincoln Center
* 2006: Holiday Show, Baumgartner Gallery, New York
* 2003: Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen & Hamilton, New York; Broom Street Studio Inc., Woodstock
* 2002: Cycle de Vie, Black Box Studio, Los Angeles
* 1999: Invitational Show, Woods Gerry Gallery, Providence
# Matsudaira Shigetomi

Matsudaira Shigetomi (松平重富, 25 December 1748 – 30 July 1808) was the 12th daimyō of Fukui Domain under the Edo period Tokugawa shogunate in Echizen Province. He ruled Fukui for 41 years, the longest of any daimyō of Fukui Domain.

## Biography

Shigetomi was born in Edo as the third son of Tokugawa Munetada, founder of the Hitotsubashi-Tokugawa family, one of the Gosankyō, the three lesser branches of the Tokugawa clan. His childhood name was Senchiyō (仙千代) later become Sennosuke (仙之助).
On the death of his elder half-brother, Matsudaira Shigemasa of Fukui Domain in 1758, he was posthumously adopted as heir and became daimyō. In 1760 he underwent the genpuku ceremony and received a character from Shōgun Tokugawa Ieshige’s name to become Matsudaira Shigetomi.
During his tenure, he attempted to make fiscal reforms; however, damage caused by heavy snow, fires, windstorms, flood and epidemics in consecutive years thwarted his efforts, and the domain’s finances continued to deteriorate. Shigetomi was also accustomed to a luxurious lifestyle from his youth in the Hitotsubashi household. As revenues ran out, he imposed special taxes on the rice merchants to maintain these luxuries. This resulted in higher rice prices and great public dissatisfaction, cumulating in a massive riot in Fukui in 1768. Unable to suppress the rebellion, the domain officials were forced to agree to public demands, and to dispose of corrupt officials and merchants.
As a close relative of the shogunal house Shigetomi was uncle to Tokugawa Ienari, the domain was able to call on the central government for financial assistance. However, the Great Tenmei famine hit the domain hard. Shigetomi made rapeseed a domain monopoly in 1790, and salt in 1799. In 1799, he retired from public life in favor of his son. He also used his status to revive the honorary status of the domain, raising his court rank from Junior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade to Senior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade and his courtesy title from Sakon'e-gon-shōjō to Sakon'e-gon-chūjō.
He was married to a daughter of Tokugawa Munenobu of Kii Domain. His graves are at the clan temple of Kaian-ji in Shinagawa Tokyo and Unshō-ji in Fukui.

## Family

* Father: Tokugawa Munetada
* Mother: Oyuku no Kata
* Wife: Ichihime, daughter of Tokugawa Munenobu
* Concubines:
** Fukuyama-dono
** Okayama-dono
* Son: Matsudaira Haruyoshi by Ichihime
# Matsudaira Tsunamasa

Matsudaira Tsunamasa (松平 綱昌, 4 June 1661 – 12 March 1699) was an early to mid-Edo period Japanese samurai, and the 6th daimyō of Fukui Domain

## Biography

Tsunamasa was born in Edo in 1661 as the eldest son of Matsudaira Masakatsu of Echizen-Matsuoka Domain and his mother was a daughter of Tokugawa Ieyasu's uncle, Matsudaira Sadayuki. His name in infancy was Senkiku (仙菊), later becoming Matsudaira Tsunanobu (綱宣). In 1674, when his uncle Matsudaira Masachika became daimyō of Fukui Domain, an O-Ie Sōdō erupted between followers of Masakatsu and Matsudaira Mitsumichi's illegitimate son, Naokata. Although the dispute was settled in favour of Masachika, the faction favouring Masakatsu remain vehemently opposed to his rule, and blocked any action he attempted to take. Masachika decided to retire after two years, and appointed Masakatsu's son Tsubanobu as his successor. Tsunanobu changed his name to Tsunamasa at this time. He was granted Senior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade Court rank and the courtesy title of Echizen-no-kami the same year. His courtesy title was raised to Sakon'e-gon-shōjō in 1680.
However, Tsunamasa quickly proved to be a poor choice as daimyō. He was a cruel lord, subject to frequent fits of rage, going on rampages and even killing retainers. He also neglected his duties at Edo Castle. His retainers called on Masaaki to step back in; however, the shogunate acted first and threatened the attainder of Fukui Domain in 1686 and placed Tsunamasa under house arrest on grounds of insanity and incompetence. However, as Fukui was a famed domain founded by Tokugawa Ieyasu's son Yūki Hideyasu, special consideration was given. Masachika and the domain's senior retainers were all called to Edo, and Tsunamasa was deposed. Fukui Domain was reduced by more than half, to a kokudaka of 250,000 koku, and Masachika was ordered to resume the position of daimyō.
Tsunamasa remained under house arrest in Edo until his death under unknown circumstance in 1699.

## Family

* Father: Matsudaira Masakatsu (1636-1693)
* Mother: Kikuhime, daughter of Hisamatsu-Matsudaira Sadayuki of Iyo-Matsuyama Domain
* Wife: Kiyohime, daughter of Asukai Masanao
* Concubine: Takemura-dono
* Children:
** Honda Naganori (1690-1728), karō of Fukui Domain
** daughter (name unknown), married kuge Karasuma Mitsuei
# Carlos Chagas, Minas Gerais

Carlos Chagas is a Brazilian municipality located in the northeast of the state of Minas Gerais. Its population as of 2020 was 18,674 living in a total area of 3,199 km$^2$. The city belongs to the statistical mesoregion of Vale do Mucuri and to the statistical microregion of Nanuque. It became a municipality in 1938.

## Geography

Carlos Chagas is located at an elevation of 157 meters in the Rio Mucuri valley. It is just north of highway BR-418. The nearest major population center is Teófilo Otoni.
The distance to Teófilo Otoni is 107 km; and the distance to the state capital, Belo Horizonte, is 409 km. Neighboring municipalities are: Crisólita and Umburatiba (N); Nanuque and the state of Bahia (E); Ataleia, Nanuque and Ouro Verde de Minas (S); and Teófilo Otoni and Pavão, (W).

## Economy

The main economic activities are services, and agriculture. The GDP in 2005 was R$111 million, with 57 million from services, 14 million from industry, and 33 million from agriculture. There were 1021 rural producers on 201,000 hectares of land. Only 74 farms had tractors (2006). 3,200 persons were dependent on agriculture. The main crops were sugarcane, beans, and corn. There were 268,000 head of cattle (2006). There were 3 banks (2007) and 8691 automobiles (753 motorcycles), giving a ratio of 24 inhabitants per automobile.

## Social indicators

The social indicators rank it in the bottom tier of municipalities in the state.
* Municipal Human Development Index: 0.681 (2000)
* State ranking: 629 out of 853 municipalities as of 2000
* National ranking: 3,280 out of 5,138 municipalities as of 2000
* Literacy rate: 71%
* Life expectancy: 67 (average of males and females)
The highest ranking municipality in Minas Gerais in 2000 was Poços de Caldas with 0.841, while the lowest was Setubinha with 0.568. Nationally the highest was São Caetano do Sul in São Paulo with 0.919, while the lowest was Setubinha. In more recent statistics (considering 5,507 municipalities) Manari in the state of Pernambuco has the lowest rating in the country—0,467—putting it in last place.

## Health and education

There were 20 health clinics and one hospital with 59 beds in 2005. Patients with more serious health conditions are transported to Teófilo Otoni. Educational needs were met by 17 primary schools, 4 middle schools, and 5 pre-primary schools. In higher education there were two campuses: UNEC and UNOPAR
# Abutilon indicum

Abutilon indicum (Indian abutilon, Indian mallow) is a small shrub in the family Malvaceae, native to tropical and subtropical regions. This plant is a valuable medicinal and ornamental plant, its roots and leaves being used for curing fevers. It has been widely introduced outside of its native range, and is considered invasive on certain tropical islands.

## Distribution

The species occurs in a number of tropical and subtropical zones. An example occurrence is within parts of the Great Barrier Reef islands of the Coral Sea. It's also found in tropical zones in the Indian subcontinent, such as parts of Tamil Nadu.

## Traditional medicine

In traditional medicine, A. indicum various parts of the plant are used as a demulcent, aphrodisiac, laxative, diuretic, sedative, astringent, expectorant, tonic, anti-convulsant, anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic, and analgesic and to treat leprosy, ulcers, headaches, gonorrhea, and bladder infection. The whole plant is uprooted, dried and is powdered. In ancient days, maidens were made to consume a spoonful of this powder with a spoonful of honey, once in a day, for 6 months until the day of marriage, for a safe and quick pregnancy.
The plant is commonly used in Siddha medicines. The root, bark, flowers, leaves and seeds are all used for medicinal purposes by Tamils. The leaves are used as adjunct to medicines used for pile complaints. The flowers are used to increase semen in men.

## Chemistry

β-Sitosterol is present in A. indicum and a petroleum ether extract has larvicidal properties against the mosquito larvae Culex quinquefasciatus. A methanol extract of A. indicum has some antimicrobial properties.
# Aurelio Campa

Aurelio Campa Serrano (10 May 1933 – 18 April 2020) was a Spanish professional footballer who played as a defender.

## Career

Born in Madrid, Campa played for Real Madrid, CD Badajoz, Las Palmas and Granada.

## Later life and death

He died on 18 April 2020, aged 86.
# Risto Björlin

Risto Björlin (born 9 December 1944) was a Finnish wrestler. He was born in Vaasa. He won an Olympic bronze medal in Greco-Roman wrestling in 1972. He also competed at the 1964 and 1968 Summer Olympics.
# Air Pacific (United States)

Air Pacific was a commuter airline based in the United States that operated regional flights wholly within the state of California. Founded as Eureka Aero in 1970, it was renamed Air Pacific in 1979. Its de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter and DHC-7 Dash 7 turboprop aircraft were capable of STOL (short takeoff and landing) operations.
Air Pacific merged with Gem State Airlines in 1980 to form Golden Gate Airlines, which merged again in 1981 with Swift Aire Lines, but service was discontinued shortly thereafter.

## Destinations

Air Pacific served the following destinations in California during its existence, with some of these destinations being served at different times:
* Bakersfield, California (BFL)
* Chico, California (CIC)
* Los Angeles, California (LAX)
* Merced, California (MCE)
* Modesto, California (MOD)
* Oakland, California (OAK)
* Redding, California (RDD)
* Sacramento, California (SMF)
* San Francisco, California (SFO)
* Santa Rosa, California (STS)
* South Lake Tahoe, California (TVL)
* Stockton, California (SCK)

## Historical fleet

* de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter
* de Havilland Canada DHC-7 Dash 7
# Ormak, Isfahan

Ormak (Persian: ارمك) is a village in, and the capital of, Kuh Dasht Rural District of Neyasar District, Kashan County, Isfahan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 300 in 121 households. The following census in 2011 counted 302 people in 129 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 449 people in 174 households.
# Terence Kearley, 3rd Viscount Devonport

Terence Kearley, 3rd Viscount Devonport RIBA FRSA (born 29 August 1944), is a British peer.
Viscount Devonport was educated at Aiglon College in Switzerland, Selwyn College, Cambridge (BA, DipArch) and Newcastle University (BPhil). He was an architect by profession.
He sat in the House of Lords from 1973 until 1999 when he lost his seat after the passing of the House of Lords Act 1999.
# The Little Schoolmistress

The Little Schoolmistress may refer to:
* The Little Schoolmistress (1919 film), an Italian silent drama film
* The Little Schoolmistress (1934 film), an Italian drama film
# Urs

Urs (from Arabic: عرس ‘Urs) or Urus (literal meaning wedding), is the death anniversary of a Sufi saint, usually held at the saint's dargah (shrine or tomb). In most Sufi orders such as Naqshbandiyyah, Suhrawardiyya, Chishtiyya, Qadiriyya, etc. the concept of Urs exists and is celebrated with enthusiasm. The devotees refer to their saints as lovers of God, the beloved.
Urs rituals are generally performed by the custodians of the shrine or the existing Shaikh of the silsila. The celebration of Urs ranges from Hamd to Naat and in many cases includes the singing of religious music such as qawwali. The celebration also features food samples, bazaar, and various kinds of shops.
The Urs of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti at Dargah Sharif in Ajmer attracts more than 400,000 devotees each year and is regarded as one of the most famous urs festivals around the world.
# Sagardighi, Bangladesh

Sagardighi is a village in Dhalapara Union under Ghatail Upazila of Tangail District, Bangladesh.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 Bangladesh census, Sagardighi had 416 households and a population of 1,980. 12.0% of the population was under the age of 5. The literacy rate (age 7 and over) was 59.1%, compared to the national average of 51.8%.

## Education

There is one higher secondary school, Sagardighi College.
There are two secondary schools, Sagardighi High School and Sagardighi Girls High School.
# El abigeo

El abigeo (lit. 'The cattle rustler') is a 2001 Peruvian crime drama film written, produced, co-starred and directed by Flaviano Quispe in his directorial debut. Starring Percy Pacco, Fernando Pacori Maman and Flaviano Quispe. It is based on Ushanan Jampi, one of the "Andean Tales" by Enrique López Albújar.

## Synopsis

José Maylli, grandson of an old peasant woman, commits the crime of cattle theft three times. This fact is taken as an affront by the community members who proceed to capture the cattle raider, torture him and mass hit, finally they sentence him to leave and not return. Never, on pain of death. However, once in the city, Maylli, plunged in sadness, does not resign himself to the expulsion, two forces attract him to his land: his grandmother and her hut, so he decides to continue the journey carrying gifts and a firearm. prevention.

## Cast

* Percy Pacco Lima
* Flaviano Quispe
* Fernando Pacori Mamani
* Victoria Ylaquito Zapana
* Ney Torres Humpire
* Nelly Gonzáles
* Yeni Benique Benique

## Reception

The film was seen by 250,000 spectators throughout its run in Peruvian cinemas.
# Peter Stagg

Peter Kidner Stagg (born 22 November 1941) is a Scottish former international rugby union player and the son of James Stagg, the senior meteorologist adviser for Operation Overlord, the D-Day landings in Normandy. Peter Stagg was capped twenty-eight times as a lock for Scotland between 1965 and 1970, including one cap as a replacement.
Stagg was selected for the 1968 British Lions tour to South Africa and played in three of the four internationals against South Africa.
He played club rugby for Sale and was also invited to play with the Anti-Assassins rugby team, a side based in Cumbria in the north of England that played charity and friendly matches at home and abroad.
In 1975 he was living in Zambia and playing rugby for the Ndola Wanderers RFC when the East African touring side the Tuskers visited. He played for Zambia in their first ever international on 31 August 1975 at Kitwe.
Although billed as 6 ft 7.5 in (2.019 m) tall, there was a suggestion that Stagg was nearly six inches (15 cm) taller than his usual partner in the Scotland second row, Mike Campbell-Lamerton, who was himself about 6' 4.5" (1.95 m).
# Dongxing Formation

The Dongxing Formation (Chinese: 东兴组) is a geological formation in Guangxi, China. It dates to the Late Jurassic. It is named for Dongxing County in Guangxi. It is made up of quartzitic arkose interbedded with purplish red mudstone. Jingiella dongxingensis, a species of sauropod dinosaur, is known from this formation.

## Fossil content

| Color key Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon | Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited. |

### Dinosaurs

| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
| Jingiella | J. dongxingensis | | | Dorsal, sacral, and caudal vertebrae, ulnae, and a femur | A mamenchisaurid sauropod | |
# Liberty League (Georgia)

First Georgian national liberation organization, active in 1892–1896 years in Russian Empire.
The league was established in Kutaisi June 26–29 of 1892 by Georgian students from Russian and European universities. Most of its founders were from Universities of Warsaw, Kiev, St. Petersburg, Moscow, Kharkiv, Odessa.
Many of the league's founders became prominent politicians, like George Gvazava, George Dekanozishvili, Archil Jorjadze, Tedo Sakhokia, Jacob Pantskhava, Niko Jakeli, Mikhail Kheltuplishvili, Vakhtang Ghambashidze, Ivan Eliashvili.
Out of the league emerged two leading historic Georgian parties – Social-Federalists in 1904 and National Democrats in 1917.
Among actively supporters of the league were well-known public figures of the Sixtiers generation – writers Cyril Lordkipanidze, David Mikeladze (one of the sessions of the league's founding was held in his apartment), educator Silovan Khundadze and others.
Most of the league's members were arrested by Tsarist gendarmes in the spring of 1893. Persecutions took place till 1896.
# Courtne Smith

Courtne Smith (born April 29, 1988) is a Canadian-American entrepreneur.

## Early life and education

Courtne Smith was born in Toronto, Ontario and is a dual citizen of Canada and the United States. Smith attended the University of Western Ontario where she studied business.
Her father, Bruce Smith, was an African-American athlete and entrepreneur who grew up in Huntsville, Texas. He became a professional football player in 1972, winning the Canadian Grey Cup Championship. He played for the Toronto Argonauts from 1976 to 1979 as defensive captain DT. Smith led a successful career in real estate becoming one of Canada’s top-selling agents and later established his own firm. He became an ordained chaplain and pastor in 1999. He died of pancreatic cancer in 2013 at the age of 63.

## Career

Smith began her career as a personal assistant to Grammy Award-winning musician Drake (Aubrey Drake Graham). She worked in Drake’s management team for over a decade handling his business endeavors and special projects. Smith and Drake grew up together in Toronto, Ontario and were best friends since they were kids. She dropped out of college when Drake offered her a job and is the only female in Drake’s inner circle.
In 2015, Smith co-founded Tharen, a hair extension brand with Filip Diarra. Tharen was worn by Serena Williams and Taraji P. Henson. In 2015, Shopify chose Tharen as an honorable business for the 2015 Shopify Ecommerce Design Awards. Tharen was acquired in 2019.
In 2018, Smith co-founded Suprize, a contest giveaway app with Filip Diarra. Suprize combined pop culture, fashion, entertainment and gaming for users looking to win free prizes. Suprize was favored by celebrities like Post Malone and Shawn Mendes.
In 2020, Smith and Diarra launched NewNew, a polling and decision-making platform. She is the CEO of NewNew and one of fewer than 20 Black female founders in tech history to build an eight-figure, venture-backed company. NewNew is funded by investors including Andreessen Horowitz, Founders Fund, Canaan Partners and Shrug Capital. Snap Inc. selected NewNew as one of nine companies for Snapchat’s inaugural Yellow Collabs program.