# Ernst Busch (actor)

Friedrich Wilhelm Ernst Busch (22 January 1900 – 8 June 1980) was a German singer and actor.

## Biography

Busch was born to a Kiel worker family. He started in life as a shipyard worker before he decided to make use of his acting and singing talent.
Busch first rose to prominence as an interpreter of political songs, particularly those of Kurt Tucholsky, in the Berlin Kabarett scene of the 1920s. He starred in the original 1928 production of Bertolt Brecht's The Threepenny Opera, as well as the subsequent 1931 film by Georg Wilhelm Pabst. He also appeared in the movie Kuhle Wampe.
A lifelong communist, Busch fled Nazi Germany in 1933, accompanied by his wife, Eva Busch, and with the Gestapo on his heels, initially settling in the Netherlands. By 1938 they had divorced, without acrimony, as their lives diverged. Eva settled in Paris while Ernst initially made his home in the Soviet Union where he worked with Gustav von Wangenheim on the 1935 film "Kämpfer" ("Fighters"). In 1937 he joined the International Brigades to fight against the nationalists in Spain. His wartime songs were then recorded and broadcast by Radio Barcelona and Radio Madrid. After the Spanish Republic fell to General Franco, Busch migrated to Belgium where he was interned during the German occupation and later imprisoned in Camp Gurs, France and Berlin. Freed by the Red Army in 1945, he settled in East Berlin, where he acted in the first play to be produced in the American-occupied zone, Robert Ardrey's Thunder Rock. He would go on to start his own record label and work with Bertolt Brecht and Erwin Piscator at the "Berliner Ensemble". A beloved figure in the German Democratic Republic, he is best remembered for his performance in the title role of Brecht's Life of Galileo and his recordings of workers songs, including many written by Hanns Eisler. He also lent his voice to a memorable recording of "Peat Bog Soldiers".

## Recordings of Spanish Civil War songs (incomplete list)

From "Canciones de las Brigadas Internacionales" and "Solidarität".
* Adelante Campesinos
* Am Rio Jarama – "On the Jarama Front"
* Ballade der XI Brigade on YouTube / Lied von der XI Brigade – "Song of the XIth Brigade"
* Los Campesinos – "The Peasants"
* Las Compañías de Acero
* Los Cuatro Generales
* Himno de Riego / Riego Hymne – "Colonel Riego's Hymn"
* Hans Beimler
* Des Lied von der Einheitsfront' / Einheitsfrontlied
* Lied der Internationalen Brigaden' / Lied Der Interbrigaden – "Song of the International Brigades"
* Mamita Mia
* Die Moorsoldaten – "Peat Bog Soldiers"
* Nuestra Bandera – "Our Flag"
* Peter, Mein Kamerad – "Peter, My Comrade"
* "Spaniens Himmel" or "Die Thälmann-Kolonne" – "Spain's Heaven" or "The Thälmann Battalion" (Page 30f)

## Recordings of Second World War and other songs (incomplete list)

* Ach Ihr Wege
* Alle Waffen gegen Hitler
* Ami go home
* Aufbaulied
* Die Armeen Europas
* Ballade von den Säckeschmeißern
* Der Barrikaden
* Dank Euch Ihr Sowjetsoldaten
* Das Lied vom SA-Mann
* Diplomaten
* Der Graben
* Der heimliche Aufmarsch
* Es Kommt der Tag
* Einheitsfrontlied
* Frieden der Welt
* Kämpfen wie Lenin
* Kampflied gegen den Faschismus
* Korea
* Lenin
* Lied der Bergarbeiter
* Lied der Interbrigaden
* Lied der Partei
* Lied der Werktätigen
* Lied vom Adler Stalin
* Lied vom Vaterland
* Linker Marsch
* Links Rechts
* Lob des Kommunismus
* Marsch der Antifaschisten
* Der Marsch Ins Dritte Reich
* Matrosen von Kronstadt
* Der rote Wedding
* Sehnsucht nach der Heimat
* Solidaritätslied
* Stalin Freund Genosse
* Trotz alledem
* Vorwärts Bolschewik
* Wir sind des Geyers schwarzer Haufen

## Awards, medals, and recognition

Germany's most prestigious school for stage acting and directing is named after the actor, the Ernst Busch Academy of Dramatic Arts (Hochschule für Schauspielkunst "Ernst Busch", HFS) in Berlin. Busch was awarded the Lenin Peace Prize for 1970–71.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1929 | Katharina Knie | | |
| 1931 | The Street Song | Der Straßensänger | |
| 1931 | Gassenhauer | Peter | |
| 1931 | Das Lied vom Leben | Sänger | |
| 1931 | Kameradschaft | Wittkopp | |
| 1931 | Die Koffer des Herrn O.F. | | |
| 1931 | Hell on Earth | Ernst Kohler | |
| 1932 | Kuhle Wampe | Fritz | |
| 1932 | Raid in St. Pauli | Singer | |
| 1932 | Strafsache van Geldern | | |
| 1932 | Die Zwei vom Südexpress | Hans, Heizer | |
| 1932 | Eine von uns | Peter | |
| 1933 | The Lake Calls | Besatzung der 'Carola' | |
| 1936 | Der Kampf | Judge | |
| 1960 | Five Cartridges | Singer | |
| 1961 | Mutter Courage und ihre Kinder | Koch | |
| 1971 | Goya or the Hard Way to Enlightenment | Gaspar Melchor de Jovelianos | (final film role) |