# Poule d'Essai des Poulains

The Poule d'Essai des Poulains is a Group 1 flat horse race in France open to three-year-old thoroughbred colts. It is run over a distance of 1,600 metres (about 1 mile) at Longchamp in May. It is France's equivalent of the 2000 Guineas run in Britain.

## History
### Origins

The Poule d'Essai, an event for three-year-old colts and fillies, was established in France in 1840. It was inspired by two races in England, the 2000 Guineas (for colts and fillies) and the 1000 Guineas (for fillies only).
The race was initially staged at the Champ de Mars. Its first running was over one full circuit of the track (about 2,000 metres). It was cut to a three-quarter lap (1,500 metres) in 1841. It was cancelled due to insufficient entries in 1843 and 1844.
The Poule d'Essai was transferred to Longchamp in 1857. It was extended to 1,600 metres in 1867. It was abandoned because of the Franco-Prussian War in 1871. It continued to be run until 1882.

### Modern version

The Poule d'Essai des Poulains was created in 1883, when the Poule d'Essai was divided into two separate races. The "Poulains" was restricted to colts, and the Poule d'Essai des Pouliches was reserved for fillies.
The events were cancelled throughout World War I, with no runnings from 1915 to 1918. There were two 1,800-metre replacement races at Chantilly in 1917. The version for colts was called the Critérium d'Essai des Poulains.
The "Poulains" and "Pouliches" were not run in the spring of 1940, but a substitute combining both races took place at Auteuil in October. Titled the Prix d'Essai, it was won by the colt Djebel.
The Poule d'Essai des Poulains was held at Le Tremblay in 1943, and Maisons-Laffitte in 1944 and 1945.
The present race grading system was introduced in 1971, and the event was given Group 1 status. It was switched from Longchamp's middle course (moyenne piste) to the main course (grande piste) in 1987.
The leading horses from the Poule d'Essai des Poulains sometimes go on to compete in the Prix du Jockey Club. The last to win both races was St Mark's Basilica in 2021.

## Records

Leading jockey (6 wins):
* Freddy Head – Green Dancer (1975), Red Lord (1976), Blushing John (1988), Linamix (1990), Hector Protector (1991), Shanghai (1992)
Leading trainer (11 wins):
* Robert Denman – Regain (1883), Archiduc (1884), Vinicius (1903), Gouvernant (1904), Val d'Or (1905), Ouadi Halfa (1907), Lord Burgoyne (1911), Dagor (1913), Le Traquet (1921), Sir Gallahad (1923), Asterus (1926)
Leading owner (8 wins):
* Edmond Blanc – Arreau (1896), Governor (1900), Vinicius (1903), Gouvernant (1904), Val d'Or (1905), Ouadi Halfa (1907), Lord Burgoyne (1911), Dagor (1913)
* HH Aga Khan IV – Buisson Ardent (1956), Zeddaan (1968), Kalamoun (1973), Blushing Groom (1977), Nishapour (1978), Ashkalani (1996), Daylami (1997), Sendawar (1999)

## Winners since 1970

$^a$ Faraway Son finished first in 1970, but he was relegated to third place following a stewards' inquiry.
$^b$ River Mist finished first in 1985, but he was relegated to fourth place following a stewards' inquiry.
$^c$ Noverre was first in 2001, but he was subsequently disqualified after testing positive for a banned substance.
$^d$ The 2016 and 2017 runnings took place at Deauville while Longchamp was closed for redevelopment.
$^e$ The 2020 running took place at Deauville on 1 June as Longchamp was closed owing to the COVID-19 pandemic.

## Earlier winners
### Poule d'Essai

* 1840: Giges
* 1841: Fiammetta
* 1842: Annetta
* 1843–44: no race
* 1845: Commodor Napier
* 1846: Philip Shah
* 1847: Tronquette
* 1848: Gambetti
* 1849: Experience
* 1850: Saint Germain
* 1851: First Born
* 1852: Bounty
* 1853: Moustique
* 1854: Nancy
* 1855: Monarque
* 1856: Nat
* 1857: Florin
* 1858: Brocoli
* 1859: Bakaloum
* 1860: Gustave
* 1861: Isabella
* 1862: Stradella
* 1863: Stentor
* 1864: Baronella
* 1865: Gontran
* 1866: Puebla
* 1867: Nicolet
* 1868: Gouvernail
* 1869: Consul
* 1870: Valois
* 1871: no race
* 1872: Revigny
* 1873: Sire
* 1874: Novateur
* 1875: Saint Cyr
* 1876: Enguerrande
* 1877: Fontainebleau
* 1878: Clementine
* 1879: Zut
* 1880: Le Destrier
* 1881: Promethee
* 1882: Barbe Bleu

### Poule d'Essai des Poulains

* 1883: Regain
* 1884: Archiduc
* 1885: Xaintrailles
* 1886: Gamin
* 1887: Brio
* 1888: Reyezuelo
* 1889: Phlegethon
* 1890: Heaume
* 1891: Le Hardy
* 1892: Fra Angelico
* 1893: Le Nicham
* 1894: Beaujolais
* 1895: Launay
* 1896: Arreau
* 1897: Indian Chief
* 1898: Rodilard
* 1899: Perth
* 1900: Governor
* 1901: Cheri
* 1902: Retz
* 1903: Vinicius
* 1904: Gouvernant
* 1905: Val d'Or
* 1906: Eider
* 1907: Ouadi Halfa
* 1908: Monitor
* 1909: Verdun
* 1910: Sifflet
* 1911: Lord Burgoyne
* 1912: De Viris
* 1913: Dagor
* 1914: Listman
* 1915–18: no race
* 1919: McKinley
* 1920: Pendennis
* 1921: Le Traquet
* 1922: Mont Blanc
* 1923: Sir Gallahad
* 1924: Tapin
* 1925: Faraway
* 1926: Asterus
* 1927: Fiterari
* 1928: Dark Lantern
* 1929: Vatout
* 1930: Xandover
* 1931: Indus
* 1932: Le Becau
* 1933: Rodosto
* 1934: Brantome
* 1935: Kant
* 1936: Davout
* 1937: Drap d'Or
* 1938: Gaspillage
* 1939: Mac Kann
* 1940: Djebel
* 1941: Panipat
* 1942: Hexton
* 1943: Dogat
* 1944: Prince Bio
* 1945: Mistral
* 1946: Pactole
* 1947: Tourment
* 1948: Rigolo
* 1949: Amour Drake
* 1950: Tantieme
* 1951: Free Man
* 1952: Guersant
* 1953: Cobalt
* 1954: Cote d'Or
* 1955: Klairon
* 1956: Buisson Ardent
* 1957: Tyrone
* 1958: Pres du Feu
* 1959: Thymus
* 1960: Mincio
* 1961: Right Royal
* 1962: Adamastor
* 1963: Relko
* 1964: Neptunus
* 1965: Cambremont
* 1966: Soleil
* 1967: Blue Tom
* 1968: Zeddaan
* 1969: Don II