# Radical 213

Radical 213 meaning "turtle" is one of only two of the 214 Kangxi radicals that are composed of 16 strokes.
In the Kangxi Dictionary there are only 24 characters (out of 40,000) to be found under this radical.
In Taoist cosmology, 龜 (Polyhedron) is the nature component of the Ba gua diagram 坎 Kǎn.

## Characters with Radical 213

| strokes | character |
| +0 | 龜 亀 龟 |
| +5 | 龝 |
| +12 | 龞 |
| +21 | 𪛖 |

## Variant characters

There are a number of variant characters that appear different but mean the same thing:

### Gallery

* Oracle bone script form of radical 213
* Bronze script form of radical 213
* Guwen version of radical 213 in Shuowen dictionary (seal script form of U+24563 𤕣 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-24563)
* Radical 213 in small seal script in the Shuowen
* Radical 213 in clerical script
* Stroke order of Shinjitai of radical 213
* Radical 213 in Simplified Chinese
* Variants of the character 龜, collected ca. 1800 from printed sources.

### By typefont

As a CJK Unified Ideograph, U+9F9C 龜 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9F9C has seven separate reference glyphs shown in the Unicode code charts, no two of which are exactly identical:
* "G" (Mainland China), for Traditional Chinese in Mainland China (i.e. the forms listed alongside their Simplified Chinese equivalents in the List of Commonly Used Standard Chinese Characters), as in the Guobiao standard GB/T 12345 (the form for Simplified Chinese is encoded separately; see below)
* "H" (Hong Kong) for use in Traditional Chinese
* "T" (Taiwan) for use in Traditional Chinese
* "J" (Japan) for Japanese kyūjitai (the form for Japanese shinjitai is encoded separately; see below)
* "K" (South Korea) for use in Korean hanja
* "KP" (North Korea) for use in Korean hanja
* "V" (Vietnam) for use in Vietnamese Hán Nôm
As such, appearance may subtly vary between fonts intended for different regions:
| Region | Mainland China (traditional) | Hong Kong | Taiwan | Japan (kyūjitai) | South Korea | North Korea | Vietnam |
| Preview with local font | 龜 | 龜 | 龜 | 龜 | 龜 | 龜 | 龜 |
| Features of Unicode reference glyph ||||||||
| Very top | Dot stroke | ⺈ shape (like top of 鱼), crosses corner of box below | ⺈ shape (like top of 鱼), crosses corner of box below | ⺈ shape (like top of 鱼), crosses corner of box below | ⺈ shape (like top of 鱼), crosses corner of box below | ⺈ shape (like top of 鱼), does not cross corner of box below | ⺈ shape (like top of 鱼), does not cross corner of box below |
| Vertical strokes | From bottom of upper box to tail | From top of upper box to bottom of turtleshell | From top of upper box to bottom of turtleshell | From top of upper box to between turtleshell and tail | From top of upper box to tail | From top of upper box to tail | From bottom of upper box to tail |
| Horizontal strokes | Legs and turtleshell entirely separate strokes | Legs and turtleshell separate strokes but aligned | Legs and turtleshell single strokes crossing verticals | Legs and turtleshell single strokes crossing verticals | Legs and turtleshell separate strokes but aligned | Legs and turtleshell single strokes crossing verticals | Legs and turtleshell entirely separate strokes |

### In Unicode

Due to an especially large number of variant forms associated with Radical 213, an exceptionally large number of Unicode characters exist displaying variants of the character itself, as opposed to derived characters.

#### Kangxi Radicals / CJK Radicals Supplement

Character information :
| Preview | ⻱ | ⻱ | ⻲ | ⻲ | ⻳ | ⻳ | ⿔ | ⿔ |
| Unicode name | CJK RADICAL TURTLE | CJK RADICAL TURTLE | CJK RADICAL J-SIMPLIFIED TURTLE | CJK RADICAL J-SIMPLIFIED TURTLE | CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED TURTLE | CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED TURTLE | KANGXI RADICAL TURTLE | KANGXI RADICAL TURTLE |
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 12017 | U+2EF1 | 12018 | U+2EF2 | 12019 | U+2EF3 | 12244 | U+2FD4 |
| UTF-8 | 226 187 177 | E2 BB B1 | 226 187 178 | E2 BB B2 | 226 187 179 | E2 BB B3 | 226 191 148 | E2 BF 94 |
| Numeric character reference | &#12017; | &#x2EF1; | &#12018; | &#x2EF2; | &#12019; | &#x2EF3; | &#12244; | &#x2FD4; |
| GB 18030 | 129 57 137 55 | 81 39 89 37 | 129 57 137 56 | 81 39 89 38 | 129 57 137 57 | 81 39 89 39 | 129 57 160 52 | 81 39 A0 34 |
| EUC-TW | 142 168 244 214 | 8E A8 F4 D6 | 142 168 244 215 | 8E A8 F4 D7 | 142 168 244 216 | 8E A8 F4 D8 | 169 184 | A9 B8 |

#### Unified Repertoire and Ordering (URO)

Character information :
| Preview | 亀 | 亀 | 龜 | 龜 | 龟 | 龟 |
| Unicode name | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E80 | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E80 | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9F9C | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9F9C | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9F9F | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9F9F |
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 20096 | U+4E80 | 40860 | U+9F9C | 40863 | U+9F9F |
| UTF-8 | 228 186 128 | E4 BA 80 | 233 190 156 | E9 BE 9C | 233 190 159 | E9 BE 9F |
| Numeric character reference | &#20096; | &#x4E80; | &#40860; | &#x9F9C; | &#40863; | &#x9F9F; |
| EUC-CN | | | | | 185 234 | B9 EA |
| GBK / GB 18030 | 129 119 | 81 77 | 253 148 | FD 94 | 185 234 | B9 EA |
| EUC-KR / UHC | | | 207 207 | CF CF | | |
| Big5 (generic) | | | 192 116 | C0 74 | | |
| Big5-HKSCS | 137 208 | 89 D0 | 192 116 | C0 74 | | |
| EUC-TW | 142 163 185 236 | 8E A3 B9 EC | 243 191 | F3 BF | 142 174 209 165 | 8E AE D1 A5 |
| EUC-KPS-9566 | | | 209 183 | D1 B7 | | |
| KPS 10721 | 52 101 | 34 65 | 146 126 | 92 7E | | |
| Shift JIS | 139 84 | 8B 54 | 234 157 | EA 9D | | |
| EUC-JP | 181 181 | B5 B5 | 243 253 | F3 FD | | |
| Moji Jōhō Kiban | MJ006424 | MJ006424 | MJ030155 | MJ030155 | | |

#### CJK Compatibility Ideographs

Character information :
| Preview | 龜 | 龜 | 龜 | 龜 | 龜 | 龜 |
| Unicode name | CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F907 | CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F907 | CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F908 | CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F908 | CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FACE | CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FACE |
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 63751 | U+F907 | 63752 | U+F908 | 64206 | U+FACE |
| UTF-8 | 239 164 135 | EF A4 87 | 239 164 136 | EF A4 88 | 239 171 142 | EF AB 8E |
| GB 18030 | 132 48 129 56 | 84 30 81 38 | 132 48 129 57 | 84 30 81 39 | 132 48 173 50 | 84 30 AD 32 |
| Numeric character reference | &#63751; | &#xF907; | &#63752; | &#xF908; | &#64206; | &#xFACE; |
| EUC-KR / UHC | 208 162 | D0 A2 | 208 184 | D0 B8 | | |
| Big5-HKSCS | 139 248 | 8B F8 | | | | |
| KPS 10721 | | | | | 146 127 | 92 7F |
| EUC-TW | | | | | 142 167 172 186 | 8E A7 AC BA |

#### Supplementary Ideographic Plane

Character information :
| Preview | 𠁴 | 𠁴 | 𠃾 | 𠃾 | 𤕣 | 𤕣 | 𥦣 | 𥦣 | 𧑴 | 𧑴 |
| Unicode name | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-20074 | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-20074 | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-200FE | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-200FE | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-24563 | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-24563 | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-259A3 | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-259A3 | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-27474 | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-27474 |
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 131188 | U+20074 | 131326 | U+200FE | 148835 | U+24563 | 154019 | U+259A3 | 160884 | U+27474 |
| UTF-8 | 240 160 129 180 | F0 A0 81 B4 | 240 160 131 190 | F0 A0 83 BE | 240 164 149 163 | F0 A4 95 A3 | 240 165 166 163 | F0 A5 A6 A3 | 240 167 145 180 | F0 A7 91 B4 |
| UTF-16 | 55360 56436 | D840 DC74 | 55360 56574 | D840 DCFE | 55377 56675 | D851 DD63 | 55382 56739 | D856 DDA3 | 55389 56436 | D85D DC74 |
| GB 18030 | 149 50 142 50 | 95 32 8E 32 | 149 50 156 48 | 95 32 9C 30 | 150 54 142 57 | 96 36 8E 39 | 151 48 157 51 | 97 30 9D 33 | 151 53 213 56 | 97 35 D5 38 |
| Numeric character reference | &#131188; | &#x20074; | &#131326; | &#x200FE; | &#148835; | &#x24563; | &#154019; | &#x259A3; | &#160884; | &#x27474; |
| EUC-TW | 142 166 198 191 | 8E A6 C6 BF | 142 166 188 253 | 8E A6 BC FD | 142 166 203 163 | 8E A6 CB A3 | | | 142 167 194 234 | 8E A7 C2 EA |
| KPS 10721 | | | | | 86 137 | 56 89 | | | | |
| Moji Jōhō Kiban | MJ030364 | MJ030364 | MJ030438 | MJ030438 | MJ040283 | MJ040283 | MJ043469 | MJ043469 | MJ047883 | MJ047883 |
Character information :
| Preview | 𪚦 | 𪚦 | 𪚧 | 𪚧 | 𪚨 | 𪚨 | 𪚴 | 𪚴 | 𪚺 | 𪚺 | 𪚾 | 𪚾 |
| Unicode name | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2A6A6 | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2A6A6 | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2A6A7 | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2A6A7 | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2A6A8 | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2A6A8 | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2A6B4 | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2A6B4 | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2A6BA | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2A6BA | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2A6BE | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2A6BE |
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 173734 | U+2A6A6 | 173735 | U+2A6A7 | 173736 | U+2A6A8 | 173748 | U+2A6B4 | 173754 | U+2A6BA | 173758 | U+2A6BE |
| UTF-8 | 240 170 154 166 | F0 AA 9A A6 | 240 170 154 167 | F0 AA 9A A7 | 240 170 154 168 | F0 AA 9A A8 | 240 170 154 180 | F0 AA 9A B4 | 240 170 154 186 | F0 AA 9A BA | 240 170 154 190 | F0 AA 9A BE |
| UTF-16 | 55401 56998 | D869 DEA6 | 55401 56999 | D869 DEA7 | 55401 57000 | D869 DEA8 | 55401 57012 | D869 DEB4 | 55401 57018 | D869 DEBA | 55401 57022 | D869 DEBE |
| GB 18030 | 152 53 238 56 | 98 35 EE 38 | 152 53 238 57 | 98 35 EE 39 | 152 53 239 48 | 98 35 EF 30 | 152 53 240 50 | 98 35 F0 32 | 152 53 240 56 | 98 35 F0 38 | 152 53 241 50 | 98 35 F1 32 |
| Numeric character reference | &#173734; | &#x2A6A6; | &#173735; | &#x2A6A7; | &#173736; | &#x2A6A8; | &#173748; | &#x2A6B4; | &#173754; | &#x2A6BA; | &#173758; | &#x2A6BE; |
| EUC-TW | 142 167 182 242 | 8E A7 B6 F2 | 142 167 190 244 | 8E A7 BE F4 | 142 167 198 166 | 8E A7 C6 A6 | 142 175 231 190 | 8E AF E7 BE | 142 165 235 234 | 8E A5 EB EA | 142 167 205 185 | 8E A7 CD B9 |
| Moji Jōhō Kiban | MJ056778 | MJ056778 | MJ056779 | MJ056779 | MJ056780 | MJ056780 | | | MJ056795 | MJ056795 | MJ056799 | MJ056799 |
Character information :
| Preview | 𪚿 | 𪚿 | 𪛃 | 𪛃 | 𪛉 | 𪛉 | 𬟏 | 𬟏 | 𬹝 | 𬹝 | 𬺞 | 𬺞 |
| Unicode name | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2A6BF | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2A6BF | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2A6C3 | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2A6C3 | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2A6C9 | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2A6C9 | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2C7CF | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2C7CF | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2CE5D | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2CE5D | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2CE9E | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2CE9E |
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 173759 | U+2A6BF | 173763 | U+2A6C3 | 173769 | U+2A6C9 | 182223 | U+2C7CF | 183901 | U+2CE5D | 183966 | U+2CE9E |
| UTF-8 | 240 170 154 191 | F0 AA 9A BF | 240 170 155 131 | F0 AA 9B 83 | 240 170 155 137 | F0 AA 9B 89 | 240 172 159 143 | F0 AC 9F 8F | 240 172 185 157 | F0 AC B9 9D | 240 172 186 158 | F0 AC BA 9E |
| UTF-16 | 55401 57023 | D869 DEBF | 55401 57027 | D869 DEC3 | 55401 57033 | D869 DEC9 | 55409 57295 | D871 DFCF | 55411 56925 | D873 DE5D | 55411 56990 | D873 DE9E |
| GB 18030 | 152 53 241 51 | 98 35 F1 33 | 152 53 241 55 | 98 35 F1 37 | 152 53 242 51 | 98 35 F2 33 | 153 50 205 55 | 99 32 CD 37 | 153 51 247 53 | 99 33 F7 35 | 153 51 254 48 | 99 33 FE 30 |
| Numeric character reference | &#173759; | &#x2A6BF; | &#173763; | &#x2A6C3; | &#173769; | &#x2A6C9; | &#182223; | &#x2C7CF; | &#183901; | &#x2CE5D; | &#183966; | &#x2CE9E; |
| EUC-TW | 142 167 205 184 | 8E A7 CD B8 | 142 165 247 210 | 8E A5 F7 D2 | 142 175 169 166 | 8E AF A9 A6 | | | 142 173 180 251 | 8E AD B4 FB | 142 172 195 165 | 8E AC C3 A5 |
| Moji Jōhō Kiban | MJ056800 | MJ056800 | MJ056804 | MJ056804 | | | | | | | | |
Character information :
| Preview | 𮒮 | 𮒮 | 𮯛 | 𮯛 | 𮯜 | 𮯜 | 𮯝 | 𮯝 | 𮯞 | 𮯞 | 𮯟 | 𮯟 |
| Unicode name | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2E4AE | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2E4AE | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2EBDB | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2EBDB | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2EBDC | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2EBDC | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2EBDD | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2EBDD | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2EBDE | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2EBDE | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2EBDF | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2EBDF |
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 189614 | U+2E4AE | 191451 | U+2EBDB | 191452 | U+2EBDC | 191453 | U+2EBDD | 191454 | U+2EBDE | 191455 | U+2EBDF |
| UTF-8 | 240 174 146 174 | F0 AE 92 AE | 240 174 175 155 | F0 AE AF 9B | 240 174 175 156 | F0 AE AF 9C | 240 174 175 157 | F0 AE AF 9D | 240 174 175 158 | F0 AE AF 9E | 240 174 175 159 | F0 AE AF 9F |
| UTF-16 | 55417 56494 | D879 DCAE | 55418 57307 | D87A DFDB | 55418 57308 | D87A DFDC | 55418 57309 | D87A DFDD | 55418 57310 | D87A DFDE | 55418 57311 | D87A DFDF |
| GB 18030 | 153 56 188 56 | 99 38 BC 38 | 153 57 246 53 | 99 39 F6 35 | 153 57 246 54 | 99 39 F6 36 | 153 57 246 55 | 99 39 F6 37 | 153 57 246 56 | 99 39 F6 38 | 153 57 246 57 | 99 39 F6 39 |
| Numeric character reference | &#189614; | &#x2E4AE; | &#191451; | &#x2EBDB; | &#191452; | &#x2EBDC; | &#191453; | &#x2EBDD; | &#191454; | &#x2EBDE; | &#191455; | &#x2EBDF; |
| Moji Jōhō Kiban | | | MJ060379 | MJ060379 | MJ059291 | MJ059291 | MJ059290 | MJ059290 | MJ059289 | MJ059289 | MJ059287 | MJ059287 |

## Literature

* Fazzioli, Edoardo (1987). Chinese calligraphy : from pictograph to ideogram : the history of 214 essential Chinese/Japanese characters. calligraphy by Rebecca Hon Ko. New York: Abbeville Press. ISBN 0-89659-774-1.
* Leyi Li: “Tracing the Roots of Chinese Characters: 500 Cases”. Beijing 1993, ISBN 978-7-5619-0204-2

## Footnotes

* 1 2 Unlikely to be displayed correctly.
* ↑ Appearance may vary depending on fonts installed and configured on your system.
* ↑ Does not necessarily match the system fonts used above.
* ↑ Additional Moji Jōhō Kiban identifiers for Ideographic Variation Sequences: MJ030154 MJ030156 MJ030157 MJ030158 MJ059288