OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Abdul Munim Qaysuni

Abdul Munim Qaysuni (Arabic: عبد المنعم القيسوني, romanized: Abd al-Munim Qaysuni; 1916–1987) was an Egyptian economist and politician who held several cabinet posts during the presidency of Gamal Abdel Nasser and Anwar Sadat.

## Early life and education

Qaysuni was born in Heliopolis, Cairo, on 9 June 1916. His father was Major General Mahmoud Qaysuni Pasha. He graduated from Cairo University in 1938 obtaining a degree in commerce. He received a Ph.D. from the London School of Economics. During his studies in England he worked at Barclays Bank.

## Career

Qaysuni was the director of trade at the Ministry of Economy in 1950. He left the job and began to teach at the faculty of commerce for a short time. He joined the National Bank as the director of the Cash Department and was the technical representative of the International Monetary Fund at the National Bank of Egypt between 1950 and 1954. During this period he developed good relations with the bankers in Western countries.
Qaysuni was made deputy minister of finance under Abdul Hamid Al Sharif in April 1954. He was appointed minister of finance in January 1955 and remained in office until March 1958. He was the minister of economy and trade from March 1958 to October 1958. Then he served as the minister of central economy between October 1958 and October 1962. He was appointed minister of treasury and planning in September 1962 which he held until March 1964. He joined the Arab Socialist Union in 1962 when the party was established and was one of the sub-secretaries for its finance and commerce department. The other sub-secretary of the department was Hassan Ibrahim, a Free Officers Movement member.
Qaysuni was the deputy prime minister for economic and financial affairs from March 1964 to October 1965. He was also named as the minister of economy and foreign trade in March 1964 which he held until 18 August 1964 when Muhammad Labib Shuqayr was appointed to the post. Qaysuni retained his post as deputy prime minister for economic and financial affairs between October 1965 and September 1966. He was named as the minister of planning in June 1967 which he held until March 1968. The reason for his leave of office was the strained relations between him and Zakaria Mohieddin.
Qaysuni was appointed deputy prime minister for economic and financial affairs in November 1976. He also held the post of the minister of planning from October 1977. The cabinet was led by Prime Minister Mamdouh Salem. He resigned from both offices in May 1978.
Throughout his political career Qaysuni was a supporter of foreign investment and private enterprise to improve Egypt's economy. He was also an advocate of cutting subsidies arguing that subsidies did not help the poor in the country.

## Personal life and death

Qaysuni was married and had children. He died in 1987.
# Giacomo Libera

Giacomo Libera (born 7 October 1951 in Varese) is a retired Italian professional footballer who played as a forward or midfielder.
# Gian Piero Galeazzi

Gian Piero Galeazzi (18 May 1946 – 12 November 2021), also known as Giampiero Galeazzi, was an Italian competition rower, sport journalist, commentator, and television personality.

## Life and career

Born in Rome, Galeazzi graduated in statistics, then he was a competition rower, becoming a junior world champion and participating in Mexico Olympics in 1968.
In 1972 he was hired by RAI as a sport commentator. Galeazzi went on to work both on TV and radio, following rowing as well as tennis and soccer. In 1992 he was invited to host the RAI sport program with the highest rating at the time, 90º minuto. From 1994 his role was expanded to co-conductor and entertainer of the variety show Domenica in.
Galeazzi died on 12 November 2021, at the age of 75, due to complications from diabetes.
# José Antônio Saraiva

José Antônio Saraiva (1 May 1823 – 21 July 1895), also known as Counsellor Saraiva, was a Brazilian politician, diplomat and lawyer during the period of the Empire of Brazil (1822–1889). He held the position of President of the Council of Ministers (post of prime minister) firstly from 28 March 1880 to 21 January 1882 and second 6 May May 1885 to 20 August 1885. He was appointed by Emperor Pedro II to form a cabinet in the early hours of 16 November 1889, but did not assume the position because of the Republican coup d'état. He was provincial deputy, provincial president, minister of foreign affairs, minister of war, minister of the navy, minister of the empire, minister of finance, senator of the Empire of Brazil from 1869 to 1889 and the republic from 1890 to 1893.
# Cândido José de Araújo Viana, Marquis of Sapucaí

Cândido José de Araújo Viana, Marquis of Sapucaí (Nova Lima, 15 September 1793 — Rio de Janeiro, 23 January 1875) was a Brazilian politician and judge.

## Public life

He was at various times Minister of Finance, Minister of Justice, Councillor of State, deputy, Provincial President and a Senator from 1840 to 1875, elected from Minas Gerais. He was President of the Senate 1851–1853.
He went to school in his native country, then went to the University of Coimbra in 1815. After graduating in law in 1821, he became a member of the Constituent Assembly in 1823 and then of the Chamber of Deputies representing Minas Gerais for three terms. He was appointed President of first Alagoas (1826) and then Maranhão provinces (1828). He was Crown Prosecutor, minister of the Supreme Court of Justice (1849), Finance Minister and an exceptional member of the Council of State from the time of its creation. As Minister of Imperial Affairs in the second conservative cabinet (1841-1843), he steered through the law which accorded senators the title “Your Excellency.”

## Other roles

In 1839 he was appointed tutor in Literature and Positive Sciences to Crown Prince Pedro; later he was also placed in charme of the education of the Princess Imperial.
He was also vice-president of the Society for the Support of National Industry and Honorary Grand Master of the Grande Oriente do Brasil. He served on the founding board of the Brazilian Historic and Geographic Institute and was its president from 1847 to 1875.

## Honours

He was decorated with the Order of Christ and the Order of the Rose, as well as the Grand Cross of the Order of the Tower and Sword and the Legion of Honour. He was made viscount in 1854 and marquess in 1872. He was a privy councillor, gentleman of the bedchamber and knight of the Imperial Household.
# Osman Durmuş

Osman Durmuş (5 August 1947 – 26 October 2020) was a Turkish physician and politician.

## Career

Durmuş was a member of parliament for the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) from 1999 to 2002, serving as the Minister of Health. He was on the faculty of Gazi University, becoming associate professor in 1990 and full professor in 2003, after the MHP failed to reach the 10% threshold in the 2002 elections. He was elected again in 2007, representing the Kırıkkale electoral district.

## Death

Durmuş died in Ankara following a brain hemorrhage on 26 October 2020. He was buried at Karşıyaka Cemetery the following day, after a state funeral was held.
# Fahrettin Kerim Gökay

Fahrettin Kerim Gökay (January 9, 1900 – July 22, 1987) was a Turkish politician, civil servant, professor ordinarius and physician. He served as government minister, and is well known for his long-term position as governor of Istanbul.

## Early years

He was born on January 9, 1900, in Eskişehir. His father was Hajji Kerim Efendi, a Crimean Tatar from Kerch and his mother Hajji Azize Hanım, an immigrant daughter from Dobruja. After finishing the primary school in his hometown, he studied in a high school in Istanbul.
Gökay was educated at Istanbul University's Faculty of Medicine, from where he graduated as a physician in 1922. He then carried out studies between 1922 and 1924 at universities of Munich and Hamburg in Germany as well as at University of Vienna, Austria, specializing in neuropathy.
In 1926, Gökay became associate professor, in 1933 professor and then in 1942 full professor. He served also as president of the Turkish Red Crescent.

## Civil servant

On October 24, 1949, he was appointed governor and mayor of Istanbul, succeeding Lütfi Kırdar (in office 1938–1949). Gökay served in this post until November 26, 1957. He introduced price controls on staple foods in Istanbul to protect low-income residents. The municipality of Istanbul founded Migros Türk in 1954 as a joint venture with Swiss Migros, initially operating (like its counterpart in Switzerland) via sales trucks. Gökay opened up the area outside of the Walls of Istanbul for urbanization. He also initiated the foundation of around fifty schools in Istanbul. During his term of office, he was nicknamed "Küçük Vali" (literally English: Little Governor) for his small height, and was a favorite figure depicted in cartoons as such. He was blamed for his passive behavior during the Istanbul riots on September 6–7 in 1955, and was tried before the military tribunal on Yassıada after the 1960 coup d'état.
On November 23, 1957, he was appointed Ambassador to Switzerland, where he served in Bern until July 2, 1960.

## Politician

In the 1961 general election, Gökay entered politics, running for a seat in the parliament from the New Turkey Party and became deputy of Istanbul. In the cabinet of İsmet İnönü, Gökay served as Minister of Construction and Settlement from July 1962, and then as minister of health and social security between November 27 and December 25, 1963. He retired from politics in 1965.
Gökay died on July 22, 1987, at the age of 87 in Istanbul.

## Legacy

A main street in Kadıköy district of Istanbul is named after him. There is an Anatolian High School at Sefaköy in Küçükçekmece district of Istanbul bearing his name.
# Boris Saxe-Coburg-Gotha

Boris, Prince of Tarnovo, Duke in Saxony (born 12 October 1997), known by his Spanish civilian name Boris de Sajonia-Coburgo-Gotha y Ungría, is the elder son of Miriam Ungría y López and Kardam, Prince of Tarnovo, the grandson of former Tsar Simeon II of Bulgaria and, through his mother's second marriage in 2022, the step-son of Prince Ghazi bin Muhammad, a first cousin of King Abdullah II of Jordan. He is also a descendant of Balian of Ibelin
He is, after the death of his father on 7 April 2015, first in line of succession to the defunct Bulgarian throne.
Boris, who has maintained close relations with the Spanish royal family since his father's death, speaks Spanish, English, French and some Bulgarian. He is an artist, devoted to sculpture, plays the guitar and was educated at the Lycée Français Molière in Villanueva de la Cañada in the vicinity of Madrid. He completed his International Baccalaureate studies at Sankt Gilgen International School near Salzburg, in Austria.

## Titles

* 12 October 1997 – 7 April 2015: His Royal Highness Prince Boris of Bulgaria, Duke in Saxony
* 7 April 2015 – present: His Royal Highness The Prince of Tarnovo

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Boris Saxe-Coburg-Gotha :
# Armando Falcão

Armando Ribeiro Falcão (November 11, 1919 – February 10, 2010) was a Brazilian politician. Falcão was born in Fortaleza. He graduated from Federal University Of Rio de Janeiro Faculty Of Law. From 1974 to 1979, he served as Brazil's Justice Minister under former President Ernesto Geisel.
Falcão died from pneumonia in Rio de Janeiro on February 10, 2010, at the age of 90.
# Gianluigi Roveta

Gianluigi Roveta (born May 21, 1947 in Turin) is a retired Italian professional football player.

## Honours

* Serie A champion: 1971/72.
# Muhammad Ali Alluba

Muhammad 'Ali 'Alluba (November 1875/1878 - 25 March 1956) was an Egyptian lawyer, Arab nationalist and diplomat.
# Clay Cox

Clay Cox is an American businessman and politician from Georgia. Cox is a Republican Party member of Georgia House of Representatives from the 108th District, serving from 9 January 2017 until 14 January 2019.

## Education

Cox earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Criminal Justice from Western Carolina University.

## Career

In 1992, as a businessman, Cox became a Founder and Chief Executive Officer of Professional Probation Services Incorporated.
On November 2, 2004, Cox won the election and became a Republican member of Georgia House of Representatives for District 102. Cox defeated Carl Bergman with 69.06% of the votes. Cox unsuccessfully ran for the United States House of Representatives in Georgia's 7th congressional district in 2010.
On November 8, 2016, Cox won the election and became a Republican member of Georgia House of Representatives for District 108. Cox defeated Tokhir "T.K." Radjabov with 52.65% of the votes. On November 6, 2018, Cox lost the election. Cox was defeated by Jasmine Clark by a few hundred votes. Cox received only 49.32% of the votes.

## Personal life

Cox's wife is Alisa Cox. They have two children. Cox and his family live in Lilburn, Georgia.
# Lipara lucens

Lipara lucens is a species of frit fly in the family Chloropidae. It is found in Europe. It forms galls on Phragmites australis plants.
# Buckpool and Fens Pool Local Nature Reserve

Buckpool and Fens Pool Local Nature Reserve is situated in the Pensnett area of the West Midlands. The largest area of open water in Dudley Metropolitan Borough, it contains both large and small ponds, one end of the Stourbridge Canal, streams and grassy areas. It was created in 1993.

## History

The area was once part of Pensnett Chase, a medieval hunting ground of the Barons of Dudley. Like most of the rest of the chase, it was gradually turned to industrial use, including coal mining, clay extraction and a brickworks. Part of the Earl of Dudley's private railways ran across the area. The collieries and clay pits closed in the early 20th century but the brickworks and railway only closed in the 1960s. The former colliery waste ground has now become grassland and former clay pits have flooded to become ponds. It now comprises the largest area of open water in Dudley Metropolitan Borough. The area was declared a nature reserve in 1993.

## Location

The reserve is located in the Pensnett area of the West Midlands. Access is via the Pensnett Road.

## Landscape

The reserve contains 4 large irregularly shaped pools. Three of these pools: Fens Pool, Middle Pool and Grove Pool are grouped together in the north eastern part of the reserve. These pools form the Fens Pools site of Special Scientific Interest. The other large pool in the reserve, Foot's Hole, lies to the south west of this group, separated by the Dell Stadium (a sports ground owned by Dudley Council). The longest pool, Middle Pool, is around 400m in length. There are also numerous small ponds as well as grassland and some scrubland.
Although the area was the scene of intensive industrial use, the remains of a ridge and furrow agricultural system can still be seen in part of the reserve.
# Permanente Metals

Permanente Metals Corporation (PMC) is best known for having managed the Richmond Shipyards in Richmond, California, owned by one of industrialist Henry J. Kaiser's many corporations, and also engaged in related corporate activities. These four of the seven west coast Kaiser Shipyards were known for their construction of Liberty ships and later Victory ships.

## History

The company was formed on 9 December 1940 as the Todd California Shipbuilding Corporation. The name was changed to Permanente Metals Corp. on 8 November 1941. In February 1942, the Todd Corporation acquired Kaiser's interests in the Seattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding Corporation and Kaiser acquired Todd's interests in Permanente Metals. The seven-way shipyard in Richmond that was built to fulfill a contract for 30 Ocean ships was complete by August 1941 and Permanente Metals completed the contract for the ships.
The company was originally a major producer of magnesium during World War II and derives its name from the Permanente Creek in Santa Clara County, California where mining operations commenced in the early 1930s. To make use of its major product, powdered magnesium, PMC also developed and supplied an incendiary bomb mixture of magnesium powder, asphalt, gasoline, and other components (known as "goop," with similar characteristics to napalm); 17,000 short tons of goop-filled bombs were used in World War II (approximately eight percent of the total tonnage of incendiaries that were dropped during that conflict). Permanente ranked 42nd among United States corporations in the value of World War II military production contracts.
After the war, Kaiser went into the aluminum business, starting out with war surplus plants in Washington State and Louisiana. In 1949, the company name was changed. Permanente Metals was henceforth the Kaiser Aluminum & Chemicals Corporation.
# Pasquale Parodi

Pasquale Parodi (born 11 April 1909 in Novi Ligure) was an Italian professional football player and coach.
# Walter Bianchi

Walter Bianchi (born 7 November 1963) is an Italian former professional footballer who played as a defender, usually as a left-back, although he was also capable of playing on the right.

## Playing career

Bianchi made his Serie A debut with AC Milan on 13 September 1987, in a 3–1 away win over Pisa. He spent two seasons with the club, who were being coached by Arrigo Sacchi at the time, playing five games in Serie A; he won the 1987–88 Serie A title with the club and the 1988–89 European Cup.
His career was hampered by injuries; he had to undergo ten surgeries in twelve years overall.
On 28 July 1992, he was hurt in a traffic accident involving the team bus of Hellas Verona F.C. and fell into a coma for several days. He recovered in a few months.

## Honours
### AC Milan

* Serie A champion: 1987–88.
* Supercoppa Italiana winner: 1988.
* European Cup winner: 1988–89.
# Batı Raman oil field

The Batı Raman oil field (batı meaning west in Turkish) is located in Batman Province, in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. With estimated reserves of 1.85 billion barrels (252×10$^6$ tonnes) and a production rate of around 7,500 barrels per day (1,190 m$^3$/d) from 300 wells (as of 2007), it is the largest and most productive oil field in Turkey.
The field is 18 km long and 3–5 km wide and is oriented from east to west. It is a few kilometres south of the city of Batman, with the Raman oil field lying to the east. The Batman River flows nearby, on the western side of the Batman city. The two fields are separated by a narrow fault system. The oil is classified as heavy. It has a density of 9.7–15 API (1.002–0.966 g/cm$^3$, 12 API or 1 g/cm$^3$ on average) and a viscosity of 450–1000 cP at reservoir conditions. Oil is located at an average depth of 1310 meters and is capped by a layer of Garzan Limestone – a carbonate of Cretaceous period. The layer is about 64 m (210 ft) thick and lies at a depth of about 1320 m, it has an average porosity of 18%. Its measured permeability of 200–500 mD is higher than calculated bulk values of 10–100 mD indicating the presence of numerous cracks and fractures. The layer is rather heterogeneous, both laterally and vertically.
The field was discovered in 1961 and developed by Türkiye Petrolleri Anonim Ortaklığı. Oil production began in 1962 at a rate of 400 barrels per day (64 m$^3$/d) and rapidly increased to 9,000 bbl/d (1,400 m$^3$/d) in 1969 but then declined. The major oil production mechanism was expansion of fluid, which was pressurized to about 1800 psi, but the pressure dropped to about 400 psi due to extraction. Considering the high density and viscosity of the oil, only 1.5% of the deposit could be extracted by the natural mechanism and this limit was quickly exhausted – about 94 million barrels (14,900,000 m$^3$) (5%) of oil had been recovered from the field by 2007. The pressure was raised by injecting water and later carbon dioxide. About 3.2 million barrels (510,000 m$^3$) of water were pumped into the field from 1971 to 1978, followed by CO$_2$ injection in 1987. This increased production after 1987, which peaked at 13,000 bbl/d (2,100 m$^3$/d) in 1993 and is gradually declining since then. Only about 20 wells were drilled by 1967 but a hundred new ones were added by 1969. Some wells were abandoned then and their total number decreased to about 90 in 1987 but then gradually increased again to about 200 by 1995. The productivity of most wells is close to 40 bbl/d (6.4 m$^3$/d).
# Scott Oldershaw

Scott Oldershaw (born February 23, 1954, in Toronto) is a Canadian sprint kayaker who competed in the mid-1980s. He was eliminated in the semifinals of the K-1 500 m event at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. He later became head coach at the Burloak Canoe Club in Oakville, Ontario, leading them to national titles in 1997, 1998, 2000 and 2007 and coaching Olympic gold medallist Adam van Koeverden and Olympic bronze medalist Mark Oldershaw. He continued his coaching career with the Canadian National Team, and was named national Head Coach in 2012.
He is a son of Bert Oldershaw, brother of Dean Oldershaw and Reed Oldershaw, and father of Mark Oldershaw, all of whom have represented Canada in the Summer Olympics.
# Meditrinalia

The Meditrinalia was a festival in the traditional Roman religion, celebrated on October 11 in honor of the new vintage, which was offered as libations to the gods for the first time each year. Though now obscure, the festival may have been so called from medendo, Latin for "healing", because the Romans then began to drink new wine, which they mixed with old and considered to have healing properties.
Little information about the Meditrinalia survived from early Roman religion, although the tradition itself did. It was known to be somehow connected to Jupiter and to have been an important ceremony in early agricultural Rome, but beyond that, only speculation exists.
A goddess, Meditrina, seems to have been a late Roman invention to account for the origin of the festival. The earliest account associating the Meditrinalia with such a goddess was of the 2nd century grammarian Sextus Pompeius Festus, on the basis of which Meditrina is asserted by modern sources to be the Roman goddess of health, longevity and wine, with an etymological meaning of "healer" suggested by some.
# FIM Moto2 European Championship

FIM Moto2 European Championship is a motorcycle racing competition intended for young racers in Europe. This competition is organized by Dorna, which also runs the competition MotoGP, and Superbike World Championship.
Moto2 was initially a 600 cc four-stroke class. Engines were supplied exclusively by Honda, tires by Dunlop and electronics are limited and supplied only by FIM-sanctioned producers. Carbon brake discs are banned, only steel brake discs are allowed. However, there are no chassis limitations.
The championship was scheduled to switch to Triumph engines in 2020, following the switch of the Moto2 World Championship in 2019. However the switch was postponed for 2020 and 2021 to reduce costs due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The championship switched to Triumph engines in 2022.

## Sponsor

* Finetwork
* HRC
* Dell'Orto
* Dunlop
* Prosecco Doc
* Hawkers
* Bridgestone

## Champions

| Year | Rider | Team | Constructor |
| 2010 | Carmelo Morales | Team Laglisse | Suter |
| 2011 | Jordi Torres | Team Laglisse | Suter |
| 2012 | Jordi Torres | Team Laglisse | Suter |
| 2013 | Román Ramos | Team Stratos | Ariane |
| 2014 | Jesko Raffin | Pons Racing | Kalex |
| 2015 | Edgar Pons | Páginas Amarillas HP40 Junior | Kalex |
| 2016 | Steven Odendaal | AGR Team | Kalex |
| 2017 | Eric Granado | Promoracing | Kalex |
| 2018 | Jesko Raffin | easyRace Team | Suter |
| 2019 | Edgar Pons | Baiko Racing Team | Kalex |
| 2020 | Yari Montella | Team Ciatti | Speed Up |
| 2021 | Fermín Aldeguer | Team Ciatti | Boscoscuro |
| 2022 | Lukas Tulovic | Liqui Moly Intact JuniorGP Team | Kalex |
| 2023 | Senna Agius | Liqui Moly Intact JuniorGP Team | Kalex |
| 2024 | Roberto García | Team Ciatti | Kalex |