OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Decalin

Decalin (decahydronaphthalene, also known as bicyclo[4.4.0]decane and sometimes decaline), a bicyclic organic compound, is an industrial solvent. A colorless liquid with an aromatic odor, it is used as a solvent for many resins or fuel additives.

## Isomers

Decalin occurs in cis and trans forms. The trans form is energetically more stable because of fewer steric interactions. cis-Decalin is a chiral molecule without a chiral center; it has a two-fold rotational symmetry axis, but no reflective symmetry. However, the chirality is canceled through a chair-flipping process that turns the molecule into its mirror image.
* 1: trans (left) and cis (right) isomers
* 2: ball-and-stick model of cis-decalin
* 3: trans-decalin
* 4: cis-decalin ring-flip

### trans-Decalin

The only possible way to join the two six-membered rings in the trans position means the second ring needs to start from two equatorial bonds (blue) of the first ring. A six-membered ring does not offer sufficient space to start out on an axial position (upwards), and reach the axial position of the neighboring carbon atom, which then will be on the downwards side of the molecule (see the model of cyclohexane in figure 5). The structure is conformationally frozen. It does not have the ability to undergo a chair flip as in the cis isomer. In biology this fixation is widely used in the steroid skeleton to construct molecules (such as figure 6) that play a key role in the signalling between distantly separated cells.

## Reactions

Oxygenation of decalin gives the tertiary hydroperoxide, which rearranges via hydroxycyclodecanone to cyclodecenone, a precursor to sebacic acid.
Decalin is the saturated analog of naphthalene and can be prepared from it by hydrogenation in the presence of a catalyst. This interconversion has been considered in the context of hydrogen storage.

## Derivation

Treatment of naphthalene in a fused state with hydrogen in the presence of a copper or nickel catalyst.

## Occurrence

Decalin itself is rare in nature but several decalin derivatives are known. They arise via terpene-derived precursors or polyketides.

## Safety

Decalin easily forms explosive hydroperoxides upon storage in the presence of air.
# Karachi Safari Park

Karachi Safari Park (Urdu: کراچی سفاری پارک), opened in 1970, is a public-funded, 'family-only' safari park covering an area of 148 acres (0.60 km$^2$), located in Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. It has a zoo, with viewing facilities like a chairlift and safari tracks, as well as two natural lakes.

## History

Karachi Safari Park was inaugurated in 1970 by Lieutenant General Atiq-ur-Rehman. It was an independent project of the then Karachi Municipal Corporation. The creation of an independent zoo, safari and aquarium department followed in 1995. Karachi Safari Park is now an independent wing of the Community Development Department of City District Government of Karachi (defunct) and has been designated as a 'family park'.

## Attractions

* Swan lake: A natural lake is located inside the safari park featuring a pagoda style sitting place.
* Chairlift: A 10-minute-long chairlift ride was set up at a cost of US$ 2 million and was inaugurated by the Karachi City Nazim Syed Mustafa Kamal on March 8, 2006.
* Go Aish: A private theme park featuring ropes course, paintball, quad biking, indoor climbing and a mini golf course.
* Elephant enclave: An enclave of about 65,000 square including a bathing space and resting area for the elephants has been constructed in the park for the joy of visitors and the elephants.
* Kashmir Point: Kashmir Point is one of the newly built picnic spots in Safari Park. It was inaugurated by the Mayor of Karachi, Mr. Wasim Akhter. The scenic view from this picnic spot resembles the valleys of Kashmir, which is a rare sight in Karachi.

### Future projects

* Aviary: In June 2012, administrator of KMC, Muhammad Hussain Syed, told The Nation (Pakistani newspaper) that the country's biggest aviary was being constructed speedily inside the safari park.
* Boating: In September 2012, it was announced that pedalo boating would be introduced in the lake.
* Camping site: A 300 acres of scouting land and camping area was also reported to be under development in October 2012.
* Museum: A 3,000 yards expense will be used by Karachi Municipal Corporation to develop a unique museum for the endangered birds in Safari Park, in accordance with the International Standards. This move will help raise awareness about the ongoing extinction alert for rare bird species.
# Croft Hotel

The Croft Hotel is a historic building in Croft-on-Tees, a village in North Yorkshire in England.
The hotel was constructed in 1835 by Ignatius Bonomi, to accommodate visitors to the old and new spas. In about 1860, a ballroom range was added to the west. The building was grade II listed in 1988. In 2023, it was purchased by the Apartment Group, which spent £2 million restoring the building. As of 2024, it offered 24 rooms, a function suite, gym and restaurant, and was marketed as a wedding venue.
The building is roughcast with a Welsh slate roof, and has two storeys and an irregular plan. The main entrance block projects slightly, and has a coped gable acting as a pediment. There are three bays, and in the centre is a porch with square Tuscan porch and a flat roof. The block is flanked by two bays on the left and three on the right. All the windows are sashes, the window above the doorway with an architrave and a pediment. To the left is the ballroom block, taller, with four bays, and in the right bay is a Tuscan doorway with a pediment. To the right is the former coach house, also lower, with a pantile roof and six bays. In the ground floor are segmental-arched openings, and the upper floor contains horizontally-sliding sash windows.
# Bearing sword

A bearing sword is a type of oversized, unwieldy ceremonial sword usually carried by a squire or servant during parades to demonstrate the wealth and status of its owner. Often held upright and lavishly decorated, these swords were not intended for combat or practical use. Carried by royal bodyguards as a display of power, bearing swords were used throughout Europe from at least as early as the medieval period and as late as the 18th century.
# Wally Straughn

Wally Straughn (born 1957) is an American politician, who served as a Democratic member of the Arizona House of Representatives from 2003 to 2005.
A United States Navy veteran who served in the Vietnam War, he was first elected in the 2002 election as a member of the Democratic Party. He served on the legislature's Commerce and Military Affairs, Public Institutions and Counties, and Judiciary committees during his term in office. Openly gay, he was an outspoken supporter of efforts to legalize same-sex marriage in Arizona.
Straughn was defeated in the 2004 primaries by Kyrsten Sinema and David Lujan, and did not return to elected politics thereafter.
# Alfred Tarnowski

Alfred Tarnowski (3 March 1917 – 24 November 2003) was a Polish chess player who won the Polish Chess Championship in 1961.

## Chess career

Started to play chess in his native Lviv, where Tarnowski lived until 1945. After the end of World War II he moved to Kraków. In 1946 Tarnowski made his debut in the first post-war Polish Chess Championship in Sopot, where he shared seventh place. In the next years he twelve times in the Polish Chess Championship's finals and won two medals: a silver in 1949 in Poznań and gold in 1961 in Katowice. Tarnowski was the participant of eight international chess tournaments.
Also Tarnowski was a chess coach and theorist. In 1950 he won the theoretically valuable party against grandmaster Mark Taimanov.
Alfred Tarnowski played for Poland in Chess Olympiads:
* In 1952, at first board in the 10th Chess Olympiad in Helsinki (+4, =4, -6),
* In 1958, at second board in the 13th Chess Olympiad in Munich (+5, =8, -2),
* In 1960, at third board in the 14th Chess Olympiad in Leipzig (+4, =8, -3),
* In 1962, at fourth board in the 15th Chess Olympiad in Varna (+6, =1, -5).
# Dais Records

Dais Records is an American independent record label founded in August 2007 by musicians Gibby Miller and Ryan Martin, and based in Los Angeles, California, and Brooklyn, New York.

## History

The label traces its origins to Ryan Martin's time as manager for industrial music pioneer Genesis P-Orridge, of Throbbing Gristle and Psychic TV renown. Martin had discovered a box of tapes that had included a recording by Early Worm, a very early project by P-Orridge, who suggested that Martin give it an official release.

## Label roster
### Current artists

* Aaron Dilloway
* Adult.
* AURAGRAPH
* Body of Light
* Choir Boy
* CoH
* Cold Gawd
* Cold Showers
* Death Bells
* Death of Lovers
* Drab Majesty
* Drew McDowall
* Geneva Jacuzzi
* Helm
* High Vis
* Hiro Kone
* Kite
* Merzbow / Lawrence English
* Pierce with Arrow
* Private World
* Riki
* Space Afrika
* SPICE
* SRSQ
* Stephen Mallinder
* Tor Lundvall
* TR/ST
* Trauma Ray
* Vr Sex
* Xeno & Oaklander

### Alumni

* American Cloud Songs
* Annabelle's Garden
* Annie Anxiety
* aTelecine
* Bestial Mouths
* Chris Brokaw
* Cold Cave
* COUM Transmissions
* Cult of Youth
* David First
* Deviation Social
* Drekka
* Frank Alpine
* Getting The Fear
* Harassor
* HIDE
* High Functioning Flesh
* Hunting Lodge
* Iceage
* Italian Horn
* JH1.FS3
* Martial Canterel
* Maurizio Bianchi
* Merzbow + Hexa
* Missing Foundation
* Nocturnal Projections
* Pink Turns Blue
* Pod Blotz
* Prurient
* Rafael Anton Irisarri
* Robert Turman
* Scout Paré-Phillips
* Seth Price
* Sightings
* Sissy Spacek
* SONOIO
* Spahn Ranch
* Tempers
* The Cakekitchen
* Thee Majesty
* Them Are Us Too
* Twin Stumps
* Wetware
* Whip & The Body
* York Factory Complaint
* YOU.
* Youth Code

## Reissues

* Annabelle's Garden
* Cindytalk
* Coil
* COUM Transmissions
* Genesis P-Orridge
* Getting The Fear
* Ghédalia Tazartès
* Nocturnal Projections
* Pink Turns Blue
* Psychic TV
* Ragnar Grippe
* Soisong
* Spahn Ranch
* Tony Conrad
* Tim Story
* William S. Burroughs
# August Oetker

August Oetker (German pronunciation:; January 6, 1862 – January 10, 1918) was a German inventor, food scientist and business person. He is known as the creator of baking powder as a ready-to-use product, and also as the founder of the Dr. Oetker company. He was the patriarch of the Oetker family.

## Biography
### Early life

Oetker was born on January 6, 1862, in Obernkirchen, Electorate of Hesse, the oldest of eight children, to August Adolph Oetker (1834–1890) and Bertha Oetker (née Westphal; 1836–1902). He completed a doctoral thesis on the shape of pollen grains in 1888.

### Career

In 1891, he bought the Aschoffsche pharmacy in Bielefeld and developed a baking agent, which was designed to ensure the success of the baking process. Prior to Oetker, a British chemist, Alfred Bird, had already invented baking powder, and American scientist Eben Norton Horsford had developed a ready-made 'double-acting' baking powder.
From 1890, he distributed his invention under the brand name Backin, thus laying the basis for the family-owned company, called Oetker-Gruppe. The company still uses the very same recipe to produce baking powder. On September 21, 1909, Oetker filed a patent for his Procedure for making long-lasting baking powder or ready-to-bake flour.
Due to successful marketing, his products sold quite well and soon the old pharmacy had turned into a successful company. In 1900, Oetker built his first manufacturing plant and, by 1906, had sold 50 million packages of Backin.

### Death and legacy

Oetker died on January 10, 1918, in Bielefeld, Germany. Later, his grandson, Rudolf August Oetker, took over the company.
Motto: Ein heller Kopf verwendet stets Oetker. ("A bright mind always uses Oetker").
# Ivan Doronin

Colonel Ivan Vasilyevich Doronin (Russian: Ива́н Васи́льевич Доро́нин; 5 May [O.S. 22 April] 1903 – 2 February 1951, Moscow) was a Soviet pilot and Hero of the Soviet Union (April 20, 1934).

## Biography

Doronin was born on 5 May [O.S. 22 April] 1903 in Kamenka, Nikolayevsky Uezd, Samara Governorate (now Pugachyovsky District, Saratov Oblast) to a Russian peasant family. He volunteered for the navy (Baltic Fleet) in 1920 and in 1924 he was assigned to Yegoryevsk Aviation Theorethical School. He graduated from the Sevastopol Flying School in 1925 and then served as a navy pilot in the Black Sea Fleet, later as instructor in naval aviation school. In 1930, Ivan Doronin joined the civil aviation in the Russian North. He was a crew commander at a line Irkutsk-Yakutsk-Bodaybo. He participated in exploration of Kara Sea. Doronin was the first to fly over Verkhoyansk Range, he has mapped a line from Irkutsk to Ust-Srednekan.
In 1934, he took part in the rescue of the Chelyuskin steamship crew from an improvised airstrip on the frozen surface of the Chukchi Sea, for which he would be awarded the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union. In 1939 he graduated from Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy. Later in his life, Ivan Doronin headed experimental flight stations at Aircraft Factory №1 and Aircraft Factory №301. In 1947, he retired due to his illness.
He died at February 2, 1951. Ivan Doronin is buried in Moscow, at Novodevichy Cemetery.
Ivan Doronin was also awarded the Order of Lenin.

## Memory

* Streets were named after Doronin in Astrakhan, Ekaterinburg, Moscow, Yaroslavl, Sevastopol.
* A post mark was issued in 1935 to commemorate Ivan Doronin.
* A river ship was named after him.
# Villa Armira

Villa Armira (Bulgarian: Вила “Армира”), meaning "Reinforced Villa", is a 1st-century suburban Roman villa in southeastern Bulgaria, located in the proximity of Ivaylovgrad, Haskovo Province. Discovered in 1964 during reservoir construction, it is a primary historical attraction to the Ivaylovgrad area. It is classified as a monument of culture of national importance.
Villa Armira lies some 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) southwest of Ivaylovgrad. It was named after the Armira River, a minor tributary of the Arda. It is a sumptuous palace villa and one of the largest and most richly decorated ancient Roman villas excavated in Bulgaria.

## History

The villa dates to the second half of the 1st century AD and originally belonged to a noble of Roman Thrace who is thought to have been the governor of the surrounding area.
It is thought to have been destroyed in the late 4th century, possibly by the Goths some time around the Battle of Adrianople of 378. According to some scholars, Armira might be the villa in which the emperor Valens, wounded in the battle, had sought refuge.

## Features

Villa Armira features many examples of the Roman tradition in designing and organizing villas.

### Architecture of the Villa

Villa Armira is composed of two floors, and it contains the typical rooms that other Roman villas would have. The two-storey U-shaped villa spreads over 3,600 square metres (39,000 sq ft) amidst a garden, with an impluvium in the middle. Villa Armira had 22 separate rooms on the ground floor alone in addition to a panoramic terrace. It was expanded eastward in the 3rd century AD with a triclinium and a hypocaust.A part of the villa also includes an underfloor heating system, built for heating the inside of the building's rooms.

### Decorations

The walls of the entire ground floor were covered in elaborately decorated white marble. The villa's complex floor mosaics display geometric designs and depictions of animals and plants. It is thought that masters of sculptures from the city Aphrodisias, a city that was known for its school of sculpture and skillful craftsmen, were sent to work there. The mosaics in the master's chamber depict the 2nd century AD owner with his two children: these are the only Roman-era mosaic portraits to be discovered in Bulgaria. A common theme in the villa's decoration is the gorgon Medusa.
Today the 2nd-century mosaic portraits of the owner and his children can be seen in the National Historical Museum in Sofia, the ceramic finds are exhibited in the National Archaeological Museum, while copies of the marble decoration are part of the Kardzhali Regional Historical Museum's fund.
The villa itself, with many of the floor mosaics intact, underwent Phare-funded reconstruction and anastylosis and was opened for visitors in 2008.

## Gallery

* Interior view
* Interior view
* Mosaic depiction of the gorgon Medusa
* Geometric floor mosaics
# Marble Arms

Marble Arms & Manufacturing Company of Gladstone, Michigan began in 1892 with the invention and manufacture of the Marble Universal Rifle Sight by Webster L. Marble. Frank H. Van Cleve of Escanaba, Michigan shared patent rights on some of the early patents applied for by Webster L. Marble. Products expanded to include outdoor goods like a novel safety axe, hunting knives, match safes, compasses and the Marble Game Getter combination gun. The company grew to be a foremost manufacturer of gun sights, competing with rivals such as Lyman, Redfield, Pacific, King, and Williams gun sight companies. Still in business in Gladstone, Michigan, Marble Arms remains an important member of the firearm and shooting sports industry.

## List of Patents

Source:
* U.S. patent D34336 Design for a Compass Card
* U.S. patent D48624 Design for a Blade for a Hunting Knife
* U.S. patent 450,468 Adjustable Gun-sight
* U.S. patent 451,499 Front Sight for Fire Arms
* U.S. patent 604,624 Safety Guard for Axes
* U.S. patent 623,169 Tool Handle Fastening
* U.S. patent 650,944 Match-Box
* U.S. patent 650,945 Gaff Hook
* U.S. patent 728,416 Hunting Knife
* U.S. patent 741,920 Gun Sight
* U.S. patent 799,176 Cleaning Rod for Firearms
* U.S. patent 834,628 Axe-edge Protector
* U.S. patent 855,859 Pivoted Nail Claw for Axes
* U.S. patent 858,524 Front Sight
* U.S. patent 890,150 Compound Tool
* U.S. patent 894,275 Rear Sight
* U.S. patent 931,328 Firearm
* U.S. patent 961,511 Folding Stock for Firearms
* U.S. patent 982,152 Hammer for Double-Barreled Guns
* U.S. patent 990,575 Means for Attaching Supplemental Barrels to Firearms
* U.S. patent 1,009,161 Supplemental Barrel for Magazine Firearms
* U.S. patent 1,018,065 Gaff-Tongs
* U.S. patent 1,036,664 Folding Compound Tool
* U.S. patent 1,047,427 Front Sight for Firearms
* U.S. patent 1,223,411 Slide-Action Firearm
* U.S. patent 1,331,074 Detachable and Interchangeable Butt-Piece for Firearms
* U.S. patent 1,349,779 Recoil Pad for Firearms
# Sophronica fuscodiscalis

Sophronica fuscodiscalis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1969.
# Zorba (dog)

Aicama Zorba of La-Susa or Zorba (26 September 1981 – 1992) was a male Old English Mastiff who was recognized by Guinness World Records as the heaviest and longest dog in the world.

## World records

Zorba did not initially set the record of the heaviest dog in September 1987 at 314 pounds (142 kg).
In November 1989, Zorba was recorded as weighing 330 pounds (149.7 kg). Zorba stood 37 inches (94 cm) at the shoulder and was 8 feet 3 inches (251 cm) from the tip of his nose to the tip of his tail.
# Akae Beka

Akae Beka is a roots reggae band who come from Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, which was founded by members of the band Midnite following a change in their membership in 2015. In February of that year, the former band Midnite cancelled their 2015 tour and postponed dates "due to a life changing medical emergency, convictions, and revelations".
The band's leader Vaughn Benjamin explained that the name Akae Beka are two words that come from the Book of Enoch, cited in chapter 68, verse 20-24.
Akae Beka's first performance took place in Denver, Colorado on July 17, 2015, in honor of Nelson Mandela Day.
Benjamin died on November 4, 2019. in Port St Lucie, FL
He was buried the following weeks in his birthplace of Antigua. Laid to rest on November 25, 2019, following a private family funeral. No cause of death has ever been released by the family or any members. .
On February 12, 2020, the Akae Beka band played its final tribute show at The Worldbeat cultural center in San Diego, Ca. Edmund Fieulleteau Performed vocals In Honor of Vaughn. It was also the same venue as the final show Performed with Vaughn 5 months prior on September 23, 2019.
In 2020 Protocols, a posthumous album, was released.
Many albums and collaborations still remain unreleased.

## Discography

* 2015 - Homage to The Land
* 2016 - Portals, I Grade collaboration
* 2016 - Loyalty (Single), Iaahden Sounds
* 2016 - New Page (Single), Iaahden Sounds
* 2016 - Livicated, Zion I Kings and I Grade Records
* 2017 - Jahsaydo, Uhuru Boys Records
* 2018 - Kings Dub, I Grade Records (DIGITAL RELEASE)
* 2018 - Nurtured Frequency, Haze St. Studios
* 2018 - Topaz, Ocean Records
* 2019 - Hail The King, Higherbound
* 2019 - Mek A Menshun
* 2020 - Protocols - Iaahden Sounds
* 2021 - Righteous Synergy, Fifth Son Records
* 2021 - Polarities (I Grade)
* 2022 - Riddims composed by Vaughn Benjamin Recorded Oct 2019 (Trinity Farms)
# Aleksandr Dralkin

Aleksandr Gavrilovich Dralkin (Russian: Александр Гаврилович Дралкин; 3 November 1911 – 2007) was a Soviet oceanologist, geographer and polar explorer. He was a leader of the Fourth Soviet Antarctic Expedition and the Seventh Soviet Antarctic Expedition. He also worked on the North Pole-4 drifting ice station (1954–1957) in the Arctic Ocean. Dralkin died in 2007.
# Old Camp Casino

The Old Camp Casino was a tribal casino near Burns, Oregon, United States, owned and operated by the Burns Paiute Tribe.
The "Old Camp" name refers to a tribal settlement that was located on the site in the early 20th century.

## History

The tribe had difficulty financing development of a casino due to the reservation's remote location, with only 7,000 people living within a 100-mile radius. Out of four companies that responded to the tribe's 1997 request for proposals, the tribe selected Colorado-based Wolf Gaming to finance and manage the casino. Later that year, however, Wolf Gaming went out of business.
The tribe eventually secured a $930,000 loan from South Dakota–based Indian Gaming of America. The tribe purchased the building itself for $180,000 from the Lummi Tribe, and moved it from northwest Washington to the Burns Paiute reservation.
The casino opened in September 1998 with 15,000 square feet (1,400 m$^2$) of space containing 75 slot machines, two poker tables, and a deli. At opening, there were 53 employees.
Another 100 slot machines were later added, while table games, proving unprofitable, were removed.
The tribe closed the casino on November 26, 2012, due to safety concerns stemming from structural problems with the building. The tribe said it would demolish the building and construct a new one, to be opened in spring 2013, but as of October 2014, it had not opened.