OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Campbell of Stonefield

Lieutenant-Colonel John Campbell, of Stonefield (1753–1784) was a Scottish soldier known for his defence of Mangalore.

## Early life

John Campbell was born at Dumbarton on 7 December 1753, the second son of John Campbell of Stonefield (d. 1801), a judge of the Court of Session, and Lady Grace Stuart (1725-1783), sister to John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute. He was educated (1759–1763) at the Royal High School, Edinburgh.

## American Revolutionary War

Campbell joined the army as an ensign of the 37th Regiment of Foot on 25 June 1771 and was appointed lieutenant in the 7th Fusiliers on 9 May 1774, serving in Quebec, where he was taken prisoner in the Siege of Fort St. Jean in 1775. On his release he continued his American war service in the 71st Regiment of Foot (Fraser's Highlanders), being appointed a captain in December 1775, and a major of the 74th Regiment of Foot (Argyleshire Highlanders) in December 1777.

## Second Mysore War

Campbell returned to England in 1780 and transferred into the 100th Regiment of Foot, as a major and then a lieutenant-colonel from 19 February 1781.
Having been diverted from the Cape to the defence of India, he disembarked with his troops at Bombay on 26 January 1782, and subsequently transferred to the 2nd battalion Black Watch, assuming its command in the Second Mysore War.
Early in 1783, Campbell distinguished himself in a successful engagement against Tipu Sultan at Paniana, receiving a serious wound. Forces under his command thereafter stormed the fort of Anantapur on the Malabar coast.

## Siege of Mangalore

In May 1783 the Commander-in-Chief, Brigadier-General Richard Matthews, was accused of procrastination and suspended by the Government of Bombay, and Campbell received provisional command of the 1883-strong garrison at the strategic fort of Mangalore, but was soon after cut off by large concentrations of the enemy advancing from Bednore.
Campbell held Mangalore against Tipu's direct assault from 23 May to 2 August 1783, in the course of which the embattled garrison suffered 749 killed or wounded. Campbell then accepted a truce, and the siege was converted to a blockade which continued until 24 January 1784, by which time deprivations and exposure had further reduced the garrison to 856 men fit for duty. Campbell's defence of Mangalore won a valuable respite for the British position in India by occupying almost the whole of Tipu's forces, contemporaneously reckoned at 140,000 men with 100 artillery pieces, for eight months. On 30 January 1783 the defenders capitulated to Tipu on excellent terms, and embarked for Tellicherry with the full honours of war.

## Death

Campbell died at Bombay of consumption aggravated by fatigue on 23 March 1784. He was buried in St. Thomas Cathedral, Mumbai, in a monument sculpted by Charles Peart.
# Cha Hun

Cha Hun (Korean: 차훈; born July 12, 1994) is a South Korean singer and actor. He is a member of the South Korean band N.Flying.

## Career

In 2015, Cha debuted as the guitarist of N.Flying. He runs a YouTube channel named Two Idiots together with his bandmate, Jae-hyun since September 2018. He made his acting debut in the web series Woof & Meow – Do you Love Me?, which he played as the male lead of the series.

## Personal life

Cha's role models are Gun N' Roses guitarist Slash, and Mark Tremonti from the rock band Creed.

### Military enlistment

On February 2, 2023, FNC Entertainment announced that Cha would be enlisted on March 20, 2023. He would later serve as a member of military band.

## Discography
### Singles

| Title | Year | Album |
| What's The Problem (with BB_Bae) | 2021 | YOUTUBE CYPHER 2021 |
| Like You (좋아) (with Yoon Chae-kyung) | 2022 | Woof & Meow – Do you Love Me? OST |

## Filmography
### Web series

| Year | Title | Role | Ref. |
| 2022 | Woof & Meow – Do you Love Me? | Kim Ha Joon | |
| 2023 | Romance By Romance | Nam Tae Ryeong | |
# Adolf Sprung

Adolf Wichard Friedrich Sprung (5 June 1848 – 16 January 1909) was a German meteorologist. He wrote a landmark textbook on theoretical meteorology in 1885, Lehrbuch der Meteorologie, in which he sought connections to underlying physical processes and observed meteorological observations unlike earlier works that were largely descriptive.
Sprung was born in Perleberg, Kleinow where his father was a teacher. Educated at Perleberg he was interested in science and studied chemistry. During the war of 1870–71, he served as a field pharmacist at Magdeburg. In 1873 he joined Leipzig University and received a doctorate for a dissertation on fluid dynamics of salt solutions. He became an assistant in the maritime observatory (Deutsche Seewarte) in Hamburg in 1880 where he began to experiment with atmospheric measuring and recording instruments in collaboration with the instrument maker Rudolf Fuess. His innovations included a barograph driven by a weight. He collaborated with Wladimir Köppen and wrote a textbook on meteorology at the request of Georg von Neumayer. In 1886 he joined the Royal Prussian Meteorological Institute in Berlin under Wilhelm von Bezold. He headed the Potsdam meteorological and magnetic observatory from construction and opening in 1892 until his death.
He contributed to studies on the Coriolis effect in predicting the tracks of cyclones. Sprung also came up with a psychrometric formula that allows the computation of relative humidity from dry- and wet-bulb thermometer readings, originally for the one developed by Richard Assmann.
Sprung's Formula is of the form:
e = e$_w$ - A.p. (t - t$_w$)
where e is vapor pressure, e$_w$ is saturation vapour pressure, A is a psychrometer constant, p is atmospheric pressure, t is dry-bulb temperature and t$_w$ is wet-bulb temperature.
# Elizabeth Kwon

Elizabeth Kwon (born May 14, 1986) is an American figure skater. She is the 1999 US Junior national pewter medalist and 1998 Novice national champion. Kwon placed 2nd in the 1999 Junior Grand Prix event in Ostrava and seventh in Slovenia. Kwon was forced to retire due to injury. As an intermediate-level skater, Kwon was featured in Christine Brennan's book Edge of Glory. Brennan wrote that Kwon was working on a triple axel.
As of April 2007, Elizabeth is the Inter-collegiate Ladies National Senior Champ. She skates for Miami University (Ohio).

## Results

| Event | 1997–98 | 1998–99 | 1999–00 | 2000–01 |
| United States Championships | 1st N. | 4th J. | 14th | WD |
| ISU Junior Grand Prix, Czech Republic | | | 2nd | |
| ISU Junior Grand Prix, Slovenia | | | 7th | |
* J = Junior level; N = Novice level
# Ciudad Universitaria (Madrid)

Ciudad Universitaria is an administrative neighborhood (barrio) of Madrid belonging to the district of Moncloa-Aravaca. It is served by Ciudad Universitaria (Madrid Metro) from 1987.
It contains and is named after the University City of Madrid (Ciudad Universitaria de Madrid), a complex that is home to several universities and various research organizations, including:
* Universidad Complutense de Madrid
* Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
* Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia
* Universidad Antonio de Nebrija
* Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca
* CUNEF (Colegio Universitario de Estudios Financieros)
# Yoshikazu Sugata

Yoshikazu Sugata (菅田 順和, Sugata Yoshikazu, 4 December 1953) is a Japanese former track cyclist who won a silver medal in the sprint competition at the 1977 UCI Track Cycling World Championships and a bronze medal in the same event in 1976. He was also a professional keirin cyclist with over 500 wins.
# Acrosathe vanduzeei

Acrosathe vanduzeei is a species of stiletto fly in the family Therevidae.
# Rothrock Stadium

Rothrock Stadium is a stadium in Jackson, Tennessee. It is primarily used for American football, and is the home field of Lane College. Built in the 1930s, it originally served as the home field of the Union University Bulldogs, until Union ended its football program in the early 1950s. Rothrock has also served as the home field for Jackson High School (later Jackson Central-Merry High School). The location is also referred to as Lane Field.
# Kisari Mohan Ganguli

Kisari Mohan Ganguli (also K. M. Ganguli) was an Indian translator known for being the first to provide a complete translation of the Sanskrit epic Mahabharata in English. His translation was published as The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa Translated into English Prose between 1883 and 1896, by Pratap Chandra Roy (1842–1895), a Calcutta bookseller who owned a printing press and raised funds for the project.

## Publication of the translation

The "Translator's Preface" in Book 1: Adi Parva, Ganguli mentions the sequence of events that led to the publication. Sometime in the early 1870s, Pratapa Chandra Roy, with Babu Durga Charan Banerjee, visited Ganguli at his home in Shibpur in Howrah, Bengal, requesting him to take up the translation project, which he took up after initial reluctance and a second meeting, when extensive plans were drawn, and the copy of a translation by Max Müller was left behind, made some thirty years ago, which on study Ganguli found to be literal and lacking in flow. Thus he started tweaking the text line by line, though "without at all impairing faithfulness to the original". Soon a dozen sheets of his first 'copy' were typed and sent to noted writers, both European and Indian, and only receiving a favorable response from them that the project was initiated.
Ganguli wanted to publish the translation anonymously, while Roy was against it. Ganguli believed that the project was too mammoth to be the work of a single person, and he might not live to complete the project and adding names of successive translators to appear on the title page was undesirable. Eventually, a compromise was reached, though the name of the translator was withheld on the cover, the first book of Adi Parva, that came out in 1883, was published with two prefaces, one over the signature of the publisher and the other headed--'Translator's Preface', to avoid any future confusions, when a reader might confuse the publisher for the author.
However, by the time Book 4 was released, the withholding of authorship did create controversy, as "an influential Indian journal" accused Pratap Chandra Roy of "posing before the world as the translator of Vyasa's work when, in fact, he was only the publisher". Roy immediately wrote a letter to clarify, citing the preface, but the confusion persisted for many years amongst readers who overlooked the preface. Once the complete eighteen books were successfully translated, the name was no longer withheld from the publication. More recently, the scholars to correct this discrepancy were Ronald Inden and Maureen Patterson, compilers of the University of Chicago's Bibliography to South Asian Studies, K. M. Knott in the Janus Press Edition of the first two books of the Mahabharata and A.C. Macdonnell.
The Ganguli English translation of the Mahabharata is the only complete edition in public domain - to date. His translation was reprinted by Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers.
# Fyodor Fedorovsky

Fyodor Fyodorovich Fedorovsky (Russian: Фёдор Фёдорович Федоровский) (December 26 (O.S. December 14), 1883 in Chernigov – September 7, 1955 in Moscow) was a Soviet stage designer, People's Artist of the USSR (1951), and active member of the Soviet Academy of Arts (1947; in 1947-1953 - academy's vice president), author of Kremlin stars.
Fyodor Fedorovsky was awarded the Stalin Prize on several occasions (1941, 1943, 1949, 1950, 1951), Order of Lenin, two other orders, and numerous medals.
* This Soviet artist-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Trifonov

Trifonov (Russian: Три́фонов) is a Bulgarian and Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Trifonova. It may refer to:
* Aleksandr Trifonov (biathlete) (born 1986), Kazakh biathlete
* Aleksandr Trifonov (canoeist), Russian sprint canoeist
* Andrey Trifonov (born 1965), Russian politician
* Daniil Trifonov (born 1991), Russian concert pianist and composer
* Edward Trifonov (born 1937), Russian-born Israeli molecular biophysicist
* Filip Trifonov (1947–2021), Bulgarian actor
* Iliyan Trifonov (born 1984), Bulgarian football player
* Ivan Trifonov (born 1948), Russian cyclist
* Kamen Trifonov (born 1990), Bulgarian football player
* Krasen Trifonov (born 1983), Bulgarian football midfielder
* Oleg Trifonov (born 1981), Russian football player
* Petar Trifonov (footballer) (born 1984), Bulgarian football player
* Petar Trifonov (diver)
* Rumen Trifonov (born 1985), Bulgarian football player
* Slavi Trifonov (born 1966), Bulgarian actor, singer and politician
* Tihomir Trifonov (born 1986), Bulgarian football player
* Valentin Trifonov (1888–1938), Russian revolutionary
* Yury Trifonov (1925–1981), Russian author
# Hubert Porkert

Hubert Porkert (born 25 September 1939) is an Austrian sailor. He competed in the Tornado event at the 1980 Summer Olympics.
# Yoshimasa Torii

Yoshimasa Torii (鳥居 義正, Torii Yoshimasa, born 14 April 1942) is a Japanese athlete. He competed in the men's pole vault at the 1964 Summer Olympics.
# Grubebach

Grubebach (in its lower course: Bokel-Mastholter Hauptkanal) is a river of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It flows into the Ems near Rheda-Wiedenbrück.
# Reg Jenkins

Reginald Jenkins (7 October 1938 – 29 January 2013) was an English footballer who played as an inside forward in the Football League between the 1950s and 1970s.
Jenkins was born in Millbrook, Cornwall. After short spells with Plymouth Argyle and Exeter City, he joined Torquay United in the 1961–62 season, and went on to make 88 league appearances for the Gulls.
He joined Rochdale in 1964–65 and went on to play for them for nine seasons. He became Rochdale's record goalscorer, scored 119 league goals for the club, and made 305 appearances a then record, surpassed a year later by Graham Smith. In 2004, he was voted Rochdale's greatest-ever player by the club's fans.
While recuperating from a knee operation in Tenerife, Spain, Jenkins died in January 2013 at the age of 74.
A year after his death, in February 2014, his home-town club, Millbrook, renamed their ground in honour of Jenkins. The ground, formerly known as Mill Park, is now officially referred to as Jenkins Park. In October 2016, the club renovated the main stand to reflect the name change.
# William Irvine (soldier)

William (Thomas) Irvine (c. 1260–1333) (also known as William de Irwin/Irwyn or Alexander I) was a Scots soldier born in Dumfriesshire in Scotland. His father was William de Irwyn of Wodehouse, Laird of Bonshaw Tower.

## Armour bearer

William was the armour bearer and aide to Robert the Bruce. The Irvines had been close allies of de Bruce during his wars with England. During one such time de Bruce made flight with a few aides, riding hard and exhaustingly. At one point they had to rest and de Bruce took sleep under a holly tree while William de Irwyn kept guard. From this story grows the Irwyns of Drum Castle's coat of arms with the holly. At the Battle of Bannockburn (where the Scots won) in June 1314 William fought alongside de Bruce.

## Recognition

For his services to de Bruce, William de Irwyn was granted land north of Aberdeen in 1323. He was given 10,000 acres (4,000 ha) of Comyn land, which included the Royal Forest of Oaks and Drum Castle, thus William became the first Laird of Drum. The Irvines would retain the land for over 650 years until it was handed over to the National Trust for Scotland.
William was Keeper of the Rolls for Scotland from 1328 to 1331. He last appears in the record in a charter of King David II of Scotland of 1332 granting him the lands of Whiterigg and Redmyres.

## Family

William de Irwyn would marry (before 1317) a granddaughter of de Bruce, Marotte Bernard the daughter of Robert Douglas, Earl of Buchan. Marotte died in 1335. They had at least one child William (Thomas) Irwyn, 2nd Laird of Drum. The Christian name of the next 12 earls of Drum was Alexander.
# Kodakarajima

Kodakarajima (小宝島), literally "small treasure island", is one of the Tokara Islands, belonging to Kagoshima Prefecture. The island, 1.0 km² in area, is the smallest inhabited island in the archipelago, and has a population of 49 people. The island can only be reached by boat as it has no airport; there is regular ferry service to the city of Kagoshima on the mainland. Travel time is about 13 hours. The islanders are dependent mainly on fishing and seasonal tourism.

## Geography

Kodakarajima is the second southernmost inhabited island in the Tokara archipelago, and is located 73 kilometres (39 nmi) southwest from Nakanoshima and 12 kilometres (6.5 nmi) north from Takarajima. The central peak has a height of 102 metres (335 ft) above sea level. There is a hot spring, Yudomari-onsen on the island, with water temperatures reaching 90 deg C. The island is surrounded by a coral reef, and has a number of limestone pinnacles on its coastline. The local climate is classified as subtropical, with a rainy season from May through September.

## History

The island was once part of the Ryukyu Kingdom. During the Edo period, Kodakarajima was part of Satsuma Domain and was administered as part of Kawabe District. In 1896, the island was transferred to the administrative control of Ōshima District, Kagoshima, and from 1911 was administered as part of the village of Toshima, Kagoshima. From 1946 to 1952, the island was administered by the United States as part of the Provisional Government of Northern Ryukyu Islands.
# Luchino Visconti (died 1349)

Luchino Visconti (also spelled Lucchino, 1287 or 1292 – January 24, 1349) was lord of Milan from 1339 to 1349. He was also a condottiero, and lord of Pavia.

## Biography

Ruler of Pavia from 1315, five years later he was podestà of Vigevano, where he erected the castle that is still visible. In 1323, along with all his family, he was excommunicated with the charge of heresy. The charges of heresy and excommunication were later withdrawn and he became a Papal Vicar in 1341.
He co-ruled in Milan with his nephew Azzone Visconti and his brother Giovanni, until Azzones's death in 1339. He also took part in the victorious battle of Parabiago against his other nephew, Lodrisio, who had set a mercenary army to capture Milan.
With an army of mercenaries from northern Europe, which he entrusted to the sons of his brother Stefano, he expanded the duchy, capturing Pisa and buying Parma from Obizzo III d'Este.
Luchino Visconti was a patron of both music and literature, having invited Petrarch to Milan.
He married three times: to Violante of Saluzzo, daughter of Thomas I of Saluzzo, then to Caterina Spinola, daughter of Obizzo Spinola, and, in 1349, to Isabella Fieschi, niece of Pope Adrian V, who gave Luchino Visconti his sole legitimate son, Luchino Novello, although others of the Visconti later disputed his parentage. He was a capable military commander and lord, but was also famous for his cruel behaviour. In January 1349 he discovered Isabella's unfaithful behaviour, and announced for her a terrible punishment. A few days later he was found poisoned, the people soon nicknaming his wife Isabella del veleno ("Isabella of poison").
He was succeeded by his nephews Bernabò, Galeazzo and Matteo II, whom he had exiled from Milan in 1346. The infidelities of Isabella were used by him and his relatives to oust Luchino Novello from the heritage.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Luchino Visconti (died 1349) :
# Yoshio Morikawa

Yoshio Morikawa (森川 嘉男, Morikawa Yoshio, born 23 December 1945) is a Japanese racewalker. He competed in the men's 20 kilometres walk at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
# Michael Sydney Perry

Sir Michael Sydney Perry (born 26 February 1934) is a British businessman who was Chairman of Centrica from 1997 until 10 May 2004. He is currently on the Business Advisory Forum of Oxford Said Business School.
Perry is the son of Lt Cdr Sir Sydney Albert Perry GBE RNVR and Jessie Kate Brooker. He married Joan Mary Stallard and has a son and two daughters.
He was knighted in 1994. He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1978, a Commander of the order (CBE) in 1990 and a Knight Grand Cross of the order (GBE) in 2002.

## Arms

Coat of arms of Michael Sydney Perry :
* NotesSir Michael Sydney Perry, of Alfrick in Worcestershire, G.B.E., was granted this Coat of Arms by patent of Garter and Clarenceux Kings of Arms dated 1 November 2012. College reference: Grants 176/317.
* Adopted1 November 2012
* CrestIssuant from a Circlet composed of C-Clefs alternately reversed Or a Pear Tree per pale Sable and Gules fructed and leaved Or.
* EscutcheonPer pale Sable and Gules a Canton Ermine over all three Pears palewise in bend Or.
* SupportersOn either side a Falcon Argent armed and supporting with the interior leg a Tilting Spear Or headed Argent the dexter statant upon a Globe Gules the sinister upon a Globe Sable each inscribed with eight Longitudinal Great Circles and the Equatorial Tropical and Polar Circles Or.
* MottoOPERARI CUM CONCORDIA Latin: "Work with Unity"
* OrdersThe circlet and collar of the Order of the British Empire encircle the escutcheon. The badge of a Knight Grand Cross of the same order is suspended from the collar.
* BadgeThree Arrows points upwards one palewise two in saltire enfiling a pair of C-Clefs that on the dexter Sable that on the sinister reversed Gules.
# Crepidonellus

Crepidonellus is a genus in the beetle family Carabidae. There are about five described species in Crepidonellus.

## Species

These five species belong to the genus Crepidonellus:
* Crepidonellus endroedyi Basilewsky, 1975 (Namibia)
* Crepidonellus latipalpis Basilewsky, 1988 (South Africa)
* Crepidonellus nigromaculatus Basilewsky, 1959 (South Africa)
* Crepidonellus pusillus (Péringuey, 1888) (South Africa)
* Crepidonellus youngai Basilewsky, 1988 (South Africa)
# Milkor 37/38mm and 40mm Stopper

The Milkor 37/38mm Less Lethal "Stopper" Single-shot was designed and distributed in 1981 by Milkor (Pty) Ltd as a less-lethal anti-riot weapon along with the Milkor 40mm Single shot Grenade Launcher which was designed as a reduced-cost grenade launcher for the SWAPOL Forces. In 2008, Milkor (Pty) Ltd released a new design designated the Milkor 37/38mm or 40mm Stopper Convertible, which is a single shot break-open weapon designed to utilize a variety of 37/38mm or 40mm Less Lethal rounds. As with the original Milkor MGL, the Stopper was originally marketed for Milkor by Armscor (South Africa).

## Context

The standard riot gun of the South African Police Service was the 37mm Federal Riot Gun. Owing to the arms embargo imposed upon the apartheid regime, it was difficult to obtain spare parts from the USA. Due to an international arms embargo against South Africa, South Africans designed and manufactured some weapons as a small firearms industry developed locally. A South African farmer, Andries Piek, the 'accidental designer' involved with the Milkor BXP was involved with the design of this weapon. This was to be the first in a product line of grenade launchers from Milkor (Pty) Ltd.

## Design

The Milkor Stopper is a riot gun used for riot control, designed to fire a 37/38mm or 40mm cartridge, which can be a 9mm Buckshot, Rubber ball buckshot, teargas canister, rubber shot cartridge or explosive. The weapon is simple to operate and all metal surfaces are treated with a coating for corrosion protection, plus long-life dry film lubrication. It fires one shot before reloading. It is a conventional single shot, break-open weapon (opening at the breech like an ordinary shotguns (not pump-action)) with a floating firing pin mechanism that ensures safety when accidentally dropped. As a security or assault weapon, it can be fired from the shoulder or like a pistol by hand. The components of the weapon are interchangeable (client dependent), providing a range of applications from Less Lethal 37/38mm to a 40mm Lethal weapon.

### Variants

* (1981) The Milkor 37/38mm Less Lethal “Stopper” Single-shot
* (1981) The Milkor 40mm Single Shot Grenade Launcher
* (2008) The 37/38mm or 40mm Stopper Convertible