OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Johan Bojer

Johan Bojer (6 March 1872 – 3 July 1959) was a popular Norwegian novelist and dramatist. He principally wrote about the lives of the poor farmers and fishermen, both in his native Norway and among the Norwegian immigrants in the United States. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature five times.

## Biography

Bojer was born Johan Kristoffer Hansen in the village of Ørkedalsøren, now part of the town of Orkanger in Trøndelag county. The son of unmarried parents—Hans Christophersen Bojer and Johanna Iversdatter Elgaaen—he grew up as a foster child in a poor family living in Rissa Municipality near Trondheim, Norway. Bojer learned early the realities of poverty. His early years were spent working on a farm and working as a bookkeeper. After the death of his father in 1894, he took the surname Bojer.
His literary work began with the publication of Unge tanker in 1893, and continued to gather strength through the 1920s. Because of the range of topics he addressed, he won critical acclaim in Norway. He gained international fame after many of his works were published in foreign languages. Critics generally recognize his best work to be his novel, Den siste viking, (English title: The Last of the Vikings). This novel powerfully and realistically depicts the lives of fishermen from Trøndelag, who spend the winter fishing in the Lofoten island archipelago within the Arctic Circle near the far north coast of Norway.
Bojer is best remembered for The Emigrants, a major novel dealing with the motivations and trials of Norwegians emigrated on the plains of North Dakota. In 1923, Bojer journeyed to Litchville, North Dakota, to research the lives of the Norwegian immigrants who had settled there. The result of his visit became a novel originally published in Norway as Vor egen stamme.

## Selected works

* Unge tanker - novel published under the name Johan K. Hansson
* Et folketog – A Procession (1896)
* Troens magt - The Power of a Lie (1903/English 1909)
* Fangen som sang (1913)
* Den store hunger – The Great Hunger (1916/English 1918)
* Verdens ansigt - The Face of the World (1917)
* Den siste viking - The Last of the Vikings (1921/English 1923)
* Vor egen stamme -The Emigrants (1924/English 1925)
* Folk ved sjøen - The Everlasting Struggle (1929/English 1931)
# Thomas Gumbu

Tshilidzi Thomas Gumbu (born 27 March 1967) is a South African politician from Limpopo who served as a member of the National Assembly of South Africa from 2019 until 2024. Gumbu is a member of the African National Congress.

## Education and career

Gumbu has matric. He has worked as a regional organiser for the African National Congress.

## Parliamentary career

Gumbu stood for election to the National Assembly of South Africa in the 2019 general election as a candidate on the ANC's list of Limpopo National Assembly candidates. He was elected as the ANC won 15 list seats in the province.
On 22 May 2019, Gumbu became a Member of Parliament in the National Assembly. During his term in parliament, he served on the Portfolio Committee on Communications.
He left parliament at the 2024 general election.
# World Rugby SVNS Series

In 2023 World Rugby re-branded the now legacy World Sevens series to a new World Rugby SVNS Series (known for sponsorship reasons as the HSBC SVNS). Starting in December 2023 in Dubai, Cape Town, Perth, Vancouver, Los Angeles, Hong Kong, Singapore and will conclude in Madrid in June 2024. The new series will fully combine the men's and women's tours aligning with the Olympic competition model, with both taking place on the same weekends in the same cities and venues. Both men and women's teams will earn the same with equal participation fees. The tournament is built around the idea of bringing about a festival type atmosphere and serve as a build up to the Paris 2024 Olympic Games.

## Format

The new format will showcase the twelve best men's and women's teams, which will conclude in a Grand Final weekend where the top eight teams will compete to be crowned Series champions. The teams ranked ninth to twelfth will compete against the top four teams from a new Challenger Series in a relegation play-off to see who secures their place in the following season.

## Host cities

Eight cities were announced to host tournaments across the inaugural season. With the exception Perth and Madrid, six of the cities were on the legacy World Series circuit. In July 2023, it was announced that Madrid will be the host city for The Grand Final weekend for the next three seasons.

### Dubai SVNS

The Dubai SVNS will take place in Dubai at The Sevens Stadium.

### Cape Town SVNS

The Cape Town SVNS will take place in Cape Town at the DHL Stadium

### Perth SVNS

The Perth SVNS will take place in Perth at HBF Park on the weekend of the 26 and 28 January 2024.

### Vancouver SVNS

The Vancouver SVNS will take place in Vancouver at BC Place stadium.

### Los Angeles SVNS

The Los Angeles SVNS will take place in Los Angeles at Dignity Health Sports Park.

### Hong Kong SVNS

The Hong Kong SVNS will take place in Hong Kong at Hong Kong Stadium.

### Singapore SVNS

The Singapore SVNS, will take place in Singapore at Singapore National Stadium.

### Madrid SVNS

The first three Grand Final weekends starting from the 2023–2024 season, the Madrid SVNS, will take place in Madrid at the Cívitas Metropolitano.

## Men’s and Women’s series

The top eight teams compete to be crowned Series champions. The teams ranked ninth to twelfth compete against the top four teams from a new Challenger Series in a relegation play-off to see who secures their place in next season's competition.

## Men and Women’s Challenger Series

The top four teams of the Challenger Series will compete with the teams ranked ninth to twelfth in the World Series in a relegation play-off to see who secures their place in the 2024–2025 season.

## Results by season

The top eight teams ranked first to eighth by each season for each series.

### Men’s

| Series | Season | Rds | Champion | Second | Third | Fourth | Fifth | Sixth | Seventh | Eighth | Ref |
| I | 2023–24 | 8 | | | | | | | | | |

### Women’s

| Series | Season | Rds | Champion | Second | Third | Fourth | Fifth | Sixth | Seventh | Eighth | Ref |
| I | 2023–24 | 8 | | | | | | | | | |
# Photosensitivity

Photosensitivity is the amount to which an object reacts upon receiving photons, especially visible light. In medicine, the term is principally used for abnormal reactions of the skin, and two types are distinguished, photoallergy and phototoxicity. The photosensitive ganglion cells in the mammalian eye are a separate class of light-detecting cells from the photoreceptor cells that function in vision.

## Skin reactions
### Human medicine

Sensitivity of the skin to a light source can take various forms. People with particular skin types are more sensitive to sunburn. Particular medications make the skin more sensitive to sunlight; these include most of the tetracycline antibiotics, heart drugs amiodarone, and sulfonamides. Some dietary supplements, such as St. John's Wort, include photosensitivity as a possible side effect.
Particular conditions lead to increased light sensitivity. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus experience skin symptoms after sunlight exposure; some types of porphyria are aggravated by sunlight. A rare hereditary condition xeroderma pigmentosum (a defect in DNA repair) is thought to increase the risk of UV-light-exposure-related cancer by increasing photosensitivity.

### Veterinary medicine

Photosensitivity occurs in multiple species including sheep, bovine, and horses. They are classified as primary if an ingested plant contains a photosensitive substance, like hypericin in St John's wort poisoning and ingestion of biserrula (Biserrula pelecinus) in sheep, or buckwheat plants (green or dried) in horses.
In hepatogenous photosensitization, the photosensitzing substance is phylloerythrin, a normal end-product of chlorophyll metabolism. It accumulates in the body because of liver damage, reacts with UV light on the skin, and leads to free radical formation. These free radicals damage the skin, leading to ulceration, necrosis, and sloughing. Non-pigmented skin is most commonly affected.
# Pertti Poutiainen

Pertti Kalervo Poutiainen (5 December 1952 — 11 June 1978) was a Finnish chess International Master (IM) (1976), two-times Finnish Chess Championship winner (1974, 1976).

## Biography

In the 1970s Pertti Poutiainen was one of the top Finnish chess players. He has twice won gold medals at the Finnish Chess Championships (1974, 1976). In 1975, Pertti Poutiainen participated in FIDE Zonal tournament for World Chess Championship. In 1976 he was awarded the title of International Master (IM).
Pertti Poutiainen played for Finland in the Chess Olympiad:
* In 1974, at second board in the 21st Chess Olympiad in Nice (+6, =5, -7).
Pertti Poutiainen played for Finland in the World Student Team Chess Championship:
* In 1974, at first board in the 20th World Student Team Chess Championship in Teesside (+5, =4, -4).
Pertti Poutiainen played for Finland in the Nordic Chess Cups:
* In 1973, at second board in the 4th Nordic Chess Cup in Ribe (+2, =0, -3),
* In 1974, at first board in the 5th Nordic Chess Cup in Eckernförde (+2, =2, -1),
* In 1975, at first board in the 6th Nordic Chess Cup in Hindås (+2, =1, -2) and won team bronze medal.
Serious dysfunction and the pursuit of game perfection eventually led to his suicide in 1978.
# Gianni Di Lorenzo

Gianni Di Lorenzo (born 20 April 1948) is an Italian racing cyclist. He rode in the 1974 Tour de France.
# Homestead Valley, San Bernardino County, California

Homestead Valley is a census-designated place in San Bernardino County, California. Homestead Valley sits at an elevation of 3,022 feet (921 m). The 2010 United States census reported Homestead Valley's population was 3,032. The CDP includes the unincorporated community of Landers.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP covers an area of 33.9 square miles (87.8 km$^2$), all of it land.

## Demographics

At the 2010 census Homestead Valley had a population of 3,032. The population density was 89.5 inhabitants per square mile (34.6/km$^2$). The racial makeup of Homestead Valley was 2,594 (85.6%) White (76.8% Non-Hispanic White), 34 (1.1%) African American, 58 (1.9%) Native American, 30 (1.0%) Asian, 9 (0.3%) Pacific Islander, 196 (6.5%) from other races, and 111 (3.7%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 517 people (17.1%).
The whole population lived in households, no one lived in non-institutionalized group quarters and no one was institutionalized.
There were 1,389 households, 270 (19.4%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 531 (38.2%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 131 (9.4%) had a female householder with no husband present, 88 (6.3%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 85 (6.1%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 16 (1.2%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 538 households (38.7%) were one person and 221 (15.9%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.18. There were 750 families (54.0% of households); the average family size was 2.86.
The age distribution was 526 people (17.3%) under the age of 18, 196 people (6.5%) aged 18 to 24, 518 people (17.1%) aged 25 to 44, 1,150 people (37.9%) aged 45 to 64, and 642 people (21.2%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 50.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.8 males.
There were 2,198 housing units at an average density of 64.9 per square mile, of the occupied units 1,036 (74.6%) were owner-occupied and 353 (25.4%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 5.6%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.1%. 2,152 people (71.0% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 880 people (29.0%) lived in rental housing units.
According to the 2010 United States Census, Homestead Valley had a median household income of $31,881, with 18.7% of the population living below the federal poverty line.
# Constantin Codrescu

Constantin Codrescu (Romanian pronunciation:; 5 September 1931 – 13 November 2022) was a Romanian actor. He appeared in more than thirty films since 1953.
Born in Huși, he was raised in northern Bukovina, but had to move to Bucharest after the region was annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940.
In the early 1950s he was married to actress Valeria Gagialov, but some strange circumstances involving his mother (who tried to poison his wife) led to divorce. Afterwards he was married for five years to actress Margareta-Yvonne Butuc (later known as Marga Barbu); after divorcing her in 1959, he married Adina Georgescu in 1963, but this marriage also did not last long. In 1972 he found employment at the Hungarian Theatre in Târgu Mureș, where he met and later married actress Ildiko Codrescu.
Codrescu died on 13 November 2022, at the age of 91.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1953 | The Bugler's Grandsons | Illes | |
| 1954 | The Sun Rises | Illes | |
| 1956 | Mîndrie | | |
| 1957 | The Mill of Good Luck | Ghiță | |
| 1962 | Pustiul | Cardilogoui | |
| 1963 | Partea ta de vina | Banu | |
| 1964 | Strainul | | |
| 1965 | The White Moor | | |
| 1966 | Răscoala | Baloleanu | |
| 1967 | Zodia Fecioarei | Arghir | |
| 1967 | The Subterranean | Albu | |
| 1971 | Michael the Brave | Wallachian Prince Alexander the Bad | |
| 1971 | Haiducii lui Șaptecai | Lanuli | |
| 1971 | Zestrea domnitei Ralu | Ianuli | |
| 1974 | De buna voie si nesilit de nimeni | | |
| 1975 | Evadarea | ofiterul roman Vlasceanu | |
| 1975 | Mastodontul | Enciu | |
| 1975 | Cercul magic | Mihai Onu | |
| 1976 | Bunicul si doi delincventi minori | | |
| 1976 | Roscovanul | Florica Potra | |
| 1977 | Pentru patrie' | C.A. Rosetti | |
| 1979 | Vlad Țepeș | Iunus Beg | |
| 1979 | Bietul Ioanide | Dinu Gaittani | |
| 1980 | La rascrucea marilor furtuni | Eliade-Radulescu | |
| 1981 | Capcana mercenarilor | Mayer | |
| 1982 | Trandafirul galben | Rosetti | |
| 1985 | The Silver Mask | Hellade | |
| 1985 | Sezonul pescarusilor | | |
| 1986 | Colierul de turcoaze | Primul cauzas | |
| 1986 | Batalia din umbra | Mihai Cernalanu | |
| 1986 | Un oaspete la cina | profesorul Pandrea | |
| 1987 | Padurea de fagi | | |
| 1987 | Totul se plateste | Eliade | |
| 1989 | Martori disparuti | | |
| 1989 | Flori de gheata | | |
| 1989 | Lacrima cerului | | |
| 1993 | Doi haiduci si o crâsmarita | | |
| 1998 | Train of Life | Sage 1 | |
| 2004 | Magnatul | | |
| 2007 | Daria, iubirea mea | Marcel | TV Series |
| 2010 | Moștenirea | Toni | TV Series |
| 2014 | The Lego Movie | Vitruvius | Romanian voice |
| 2021 | Pup-o, mă! 2: Mireasa nebună | The old peasant #2 | |
| 2021 | Scara | Priest Necula | (final film role) |
# Joel Conlon

Joel Conlon (born 4 May 1994) is a retired English Rugby union player for Saracens in the Aviva Premiership. He played at Flanker and made his professional debut for Exeter Chiefs against London Welsh in the LV Cup on 11 November 2012.
Joel attended Trinity Church of England School and then Heathfield Community School.
A product of the Exeter Chiefs Academy, Joel signed his first professional contract with Exeter on 25 May 2012.
Conlon was called up to the England under 20s squad in January 2013.
On 20 June 2014, Joel scored the winning try in the 2014 IRB Junior World Championship final, as England beat South Africa 21–20.
For the 2016/2017 season, Joel moved to Saracens.
On 8 November 2018 his retirement from rugby was announced due to a neck injury.
# Richard Leslie

Richard Leslie may refer to:
* Richard Leslie (priest)
* Richard Leslie (actor)
# Harilal Dhruv

Harilal Harshadrai Dhruv (10 May 1856 – 19 June 1896) was a lawyer, poet, editor, indologist and scholar of Sanskrit literature. Educated in Arts and Law, he served as a teacher and later as a judge of Baroda state. He was interested in oriental studies. He wrote poetry and edited some works too.

## Life

Dhruv was born in Hindu Nagar Brahmin family in 1856. He completed his Bachelor of Arts in 1873 and LL.B in 1880. Dhruv worked as a teacher from 1881 to 1885. Later he started his law career as a pleader from Surat, and was elevated to post of District and Session Judge of Baroda state. He was sent as a representative of Bharuch in the annual session of Indian National Congress in 1898 by Baroda state.
In 1882, Dhruv founded Prajahita Vardhak Sabha in Surat with Ukabhai Parabhudas. He left by SS. Maria Theresa and attended the eighth International Congress of Orientalists at Stockholm and Christiania as representative of Baroda in 1889 where he was honoured with Doctor of Literature and Arts. He was a member of the Royal Asiatic Society and the Anthropological Society of London. Dhruv received Ph.D. from Berlin University. His brother Keshavlal Dhruv was also author, editor and translator. He died in 1896.

## Works

His initial poetry was influenced by medieval Gujarati, medieval Hindi and classical Sanskrit poetry while his later poetry was influenced by English poetry and modernism.
Kunjavihara and Pravasapushpanjali are the collections of poems. Kunjavihara has section of patriotic songs titled Swadesh Bhakti. Aharmimansa, Aryotkarsha Vyayog, Laghu Chanakya, Vasant Vilasija, Prana Gujarati Sahitya Ratnamala are his other works.
# Allocassine

Allocassine laurifolia is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Celastraceae. It is a climbing or scrambling shrub native to southeastern Africa, ranging from eastern Zimbabwe to Mozambique, Eswatini, KwaZulu-Natal, and the Cape Provinces. It is the sole species in genus Allocassine.
# Aipysurus mosaicus

Aipysurus mosaicus is a species of snake found in coastal seas of Australia. It is commonly known as the mosaic sea snake.

## Taxonomy

Aipysurus mosaicus Sanders, Rasmussen, Elmberg, Mumpuni, Guinea, Blias, Lee & Fry was first described in 2012. The population had previously been identified as a geographically isolated group of Aipysurus eydouxii, found near New Guinea and the Sunda shelf, but comparison of internal and external characters and examination of molecular evidence showed significant divergence in the phylogeny and supported the separation to a new species. Type specimen was collected near Weipa in the Gulf of Carpentaria.

## Description

An oceanic egg-eating snake of the elapid family, venomous predators found in seas and at terrestrial habitat.

## Distribution and habitat

The distribution range of the species extends across coastal waters of northern Australia and New Guinea.
# Herdis Torvaldsdatter

Herdis Torvaldsdatter (ca. 1310–1363) was a Norwegian noblewoman and landowner.
Herdis Torvaldsdatter was the daughter of Torvald Toresson (ca. 1265- ca. 1330) and his second wife Ragndid Jonsdatter (ca. 1295–1312), daughter of Jon Raud Ivarsson til Sudreim. Torvald Toresson served as the Sysselmann in Shetland and as such was the royal representative of the Kingdom of Norway.
Herdis Torvaldsdatter was widowed twice and accumulated property through both inheritance and marriage. She was perhaps the largest and most noted female landowner in Norway in her time. At her death, the bulk of her estate was inherited by two of her cousins, Jon Havtoresson (ca. 1312–ca. 1390 and Sigurd Havtoresson (ca. 1315–ca. 1392) who were the sons of her uncle Havtore Jonsson (1275–1320) and his wife Agnes Haakonsdatter (1290–1319).
# Ellopostoma megalomycter

Ellopostoma megalomycter is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a loach, belonging to the family Ellopostomatidae, the square-head loaches. This species is known only from Borneo where it is only found in the Kapuas River system in West Kalimantan in Indonesia. Here it lives in fast flowing rivers, feeding on small invertebrates, algae and detritus from the streambed.
# Takayuki Kajitani

Takayuki Kajitani (梶谷 隆幸, Kajitani Takayuki, born August 28, 1988) is a Japanese former professional baseball outfielder. He played in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) from 2007 to 2024 for the Yokohama BayStars/Yokohama DeNA BayStars and Yomiuri Giants.

## Career
### Yokohama DeNA BayStars

On September 25, 2006, Kajitani was drafted by the Yokohama BayStars in the 2006 Nippon Professional Baseball draft.
In 2007–2008 season, he played in the Eastern League of NPB's minor leagues.
On April 9, 2009, Kajitani debuted in the Central League against the Yomiuri Giants.

### Yomiuri Giants

During the 2020 offseason, Kajitani exercised his free agent option, and he decided to sign a four–year contract with the Yomiuri Giants worth up to 800 million yen.
Kajitani played in 6 games for Yomiuri in 2024, going 3–for–16 (.188) with 1 home run and 2 RBI. On October 23, 2024, Kajitani announced his retirement from professional baseball.
# Varicellaria hemisphaerica

Varicellaria hemisphaerica is a species of crustose lichen belonging to the family Varicellariaceae. It has an almost cosmopolitan distribution.

## Similar species

Varicellaria hemisphaerica can be distinguished from the closely related V. lactea by its substrate preference and morphological features: V. hemisphaerica grows exclusively on tree bark (corticolous), while V. lactea is found on rock surfaces (saxicolous). The species produces smaller soredia (40–100 μm in diameter) compared to V. lactea (110–180 μm). While both species contain lecanoric acid as their main secondary metabolite, the presence of variolaric acid can occur in both species and is not a reliable diagnostic feature. The thallus of V. hemisphaerica is typically pale bluish-grey, sometimes becoming pink in herbarium specimens, with a smooth and thin or cracked and thick texture, featuring convex soralia that are paler or the same colour as the thallus. Molecular phylogenetic studies have confirmed that V. hemisphaerica and V. lactea represent distinct species, with their divergence likely driven by their different substrate requirements. Both species associate with the same photobiont, Trebouxia sp. OTU A03.
# Philip Khoury

Philip Khoury may be:
* Philip S. Khoury (born 1949), American historian and university official
* Philip Khoury (chef), (born 1989/1990), Australian pastry chef