OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Catherine I, Latin Empress

Catherine I, also Catherine of Courtenay (25 November 1274 – 11 October 1307), was the recognized Latin Empress of Constantinople from 1283 to 1307, although she lived in exile and only held authority over Crusader States in Greece. In 1301, she became the second wife of Charles of Valois, by whom she had one son and three daughters; the eldest of these, Catherine II of Valois, Princess of Achaea succeeded her as titular empress.

## Life

She was born on 25 November 1274, the only daughter and heir of the titular Emperor of Constantinople Philip I of Courtenay by Beatrice of Sicily.
Upon her father's death on 15 December 1283, Catherine inherited his claims to the Latin throne of Constantinople and was recognized as empress by the Latin states in Greece, despite the city having been re-taken by the Empire of Nicaea in 1261.
Catherine was betrothed three times before her marriage:
—Firstly, in 1288, with Michael IX Palaiologos, co-Byzantine Emperor; this union was proposed by the intended groom's father Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos in the hope of reducing the threat of restoring the power of the Latins in the Byzantine Empire and reconciling with both the Holy See and the European monarchs, who frightened Constantinople with a new Crusade; however, after several years of fruitless negotiations and the decisive objection from the French king, the purposed union was abandoned by 1295, when Michael IX was already married.
—Secondly, in June 1295, with Infante Frederick of Aragon, son of King Peter III. As a condition of this betrothal, the intended groom promised to renounce his rights to the Kingdom of Sicily and give help to reconquer the Latin Empire of Constantinople, but this proposal was opposed by the French king and the betrothal was terminated.
—Thirdly, on 24 January 1299 to Infante James of Majorca, son of King James II. Since the couple were too closely related, the condition for the marriage was dispensation from Pope Boniface VIII, which was never granted. Instead, James decided to remove himself from the line of succession of the Kingdom of Majorca and take the habit.
Finally, on 28 February 1301 at the Priory of St. Cloud near Paris, Catherine became in the second wife of Count Charles of Valois, son of King Philip III of France. On 23 April 1301, Charles became titular Latin Emperor with Catherine until her death in Paris on 11 October 1307 at the age of 32. She was buried at the abbey of Maubuisson the following day, 12 October. Jacques de Molay, Grand Master of the Knights Templar served as one of her pallbearers.

## Issue

By Charles of Valois, Catherine I had four children:
* John, Count of Chartres (1302–1308).
* Catherine II of Valois, Princess of Achaea, titular Empress of Constantinople (before 15 April 1303 – October 1346). She married Philip I of Anjou, Prince of Taranto and had issue.
* Joan of Valois (1304 – 9 July 1363), married Count Robert III of Artois
* Isabella of Valois (1305 – 11 November 1349), Abbess of Fontevrault.
# Belcher's gull

Belcher's gull (Larus belcheri), also known as the band-tailed gull, is a bird in the family Laridae found along the Pacific coast of South America. It formerly included the very similar Olrog's gull as a subspecies, but that bird occurs on the Atlantic coast of South America and is now accepted as Larus atlanticus. Belcher's gull is a medium-sized gull with a blackish mantle, white head and underparts, a black band on the otherwise white tail, and a yellow bill with a red and black tip. Non-breeding adults have a brownish-black head and a white eye-ring. The name of this bird commemorates the British explorer Sir Edward Belcher, who performed survey work on the Pacific coast of South America.

## Description

Belcher's gull grows to a length of about 49 centimetres (19 in). The sexes are similar in appearance, and in the breeding season, the adult has a white head and very pale grey neck and underparts. The mantle and back are greyish-black, and the tail is white with a broad black subterminal band and a white trailing edge. The wing coverts and primaries are black and the secondaries dark grey with white tips. The eye is black, the bill yellow with a distinctive red and black tip, and the legs and feet yellow. Outside the breeding season the head is dark brown with a white ring surrounding the eye. The juvenile is mottled brown and white and attains the adult plumage during its third year.
Belcher's gull can be confused with the slightly larger kelp gull (Larus dominicanus), but that species has a small white tip on its otherwise black wing and lacks the black tail band found on Belcher's gull.

## Distribution and habitat

Belcher's gull is found on the Pacific coast of South America. Its range extends from northern Peru to northern Chile in the area influenced by the Humboldt Current. Its habitat includes rocky shores, bays and offshore islands. It ventures several kilometres offshore to forage and also feeds on rocky shores when the tide is out. It is a non-migratory species.

## Ecology

Belcher's gull is an omnivore and scavenger. It feeds on fish, crabs, molluscs and carrion, and seasonally on the eggs and nestlings of seabirds. It often associates with Guanay cormorants, pestering them until they regurgitate their prey, which it then consumes.
Breeding takes place from December onwards in small colonies of up to one hundred pairs. The nest is a scrape in the sand or among rocks near the high tide line.
There are usually three eggs averaging 65 by 45 mm (2.6 by 1.8 in), pale blotched with dark olive markings.

## Status

Belcher's gull is estimated to have a total population of under ten thousand individuals and an estimated distribution range of 280,000 square kilometres (110,000 sq mi). Persecution of this bird by humans has diminished, and its population is thought to be increasing. For these reasons, despite its small total population size and limited range, the International Union for Conservation of Nature considers it to be of "least concern".
# Whitminster

Whitminster is a village and civil parish in the Stroud district, in Gloucestershire, England, on the A38 trunk road approximately 6 miles (10 km) south of Gloucester and 6 miles (10 km) north-west of Stroud. The parish population at the 2011 census was 881. The hamlet of Wheatenhurst is signposted from the A38 at Whitminster. Whitminster is close to Junction 13 of the M5 motorway, with Bristol, South Wales and the south Midlands all within an hour's drive.
Wheatenhurst manor, with Whitminster House and the parish church of St Andrew, lies about 1 mile (2 km) to the west of the modern village. Plans for additional new housing were announced in Spring 2017.
Whitminster has two pubs: The Old Forge Inn, a traditional English pub, and The Whitminster Inn offering accommodation. There is a village shop, a chip shop, a Chinese restaurant and takeaway, and an Indian takeaway. The local school is the Whitminster Endowed C.O.E Primary School. The village also contains a commercial 'Krate Village' containing multiple businesses including a Pizza shop and Falafel store.

## History

The manor was originally known as Wheatenhurst—the name changed officially in 1945—and was recorded in the Domesday Book in 1086 as Witenhert. The name means "white wooded hill", or possibly "wooded hill of a man named Hwita". The name was corrupted to Whitnester and then Whitmister, and by the 17th century evolved by popular etymology to Whitminster. There was never a minster here. Either or both names were used of the parish until the 20th century, but the village on the A38 came to be known as Whitminster, whereas the smaller group of houses west of the main road in the centre of the parish came to be known as Wheatenhurst.
The manor of Wheatenhurst was held by Brictric "of Newton Valence", at the time of Edward the Confessor and post-Conquest it was held by Harding of Bristol in pledge from Brictric. It later passed to the de Bohun family, as part of their large landholdings in the west of England.
Whitminster is used in the 1919 published short ghost story titled The Residence at Whitminster, by M. R. James, in his third collection of ghost stories, A Thin Ghost and Others. There appears to be no connection, apart from the name, with the real village, though the name of a major character in the story, the 16 year old Viscount Saul, is possibly inspired by Saul Junction, close to the parish church.

## Notable people

* Richard Owen Cambridge, poet
# Iens

Iens (Dutch: Edens) is a small village in Súdwest-Fryslân in the province Friesland of the Netherlands with a population of around 32 in January 2017.

## History

The village was first mentioned in the 13th century as Ederinghe, and means "settlement of the people of Ede (person)". Iens is a terp (artificial living hill) village.
Before 2018, the village was part of the Littenseradiel municipality and before 1984 it belonged to Hennaarderadeel municipality. It changed its official name from Edens to Iens in 1991.
Iens has a church dating from the thirteenth century. It was renewed in 1874, and the tower dates was restored in 1852. The choir was extended and includes the 1783 water well which used to be located outside the church. The Edensermolen, a smock mill built in 1847 for drainage has been restored and is held in reserve for emergencies. Iens was home to 48 people in 1840.

## Gallery

* Farm in Iens
* Windmill De Edensermolen
# Fort Hammenhiel

Fort Hammenhiel (Tamil: அம்மன்னீல் கோட்டை, romanized: Am'maṉṉīl Kōṭṭai; Sinhala: හැමන්හිල් බලකොටුව, romanized: Hæminanhil Balakotuwa) is a fort built around a small island between the islands of Kayts and Karaitivu of Jaffna Peninsula in Northern Sri Lanka.

## History

The Portuguese built the fort, to guard the entrance to the Jaffna peninsula, in the mid 17th century of quarried coral naming it Fortaleza do Caes (Fort Royal). The Dutch, under the command of Captains Cornelies Reb, Piester Waset and N. van der Reede, captured the fort in March 1658 and subsequently renamed it Hammenhiel (Heel of the Ham), as they considered that shape of Ceylon resembled a smoked ham and the fort was located at the point where the shank bone projects. The Dutch rebuilt the fort in 1680, constructing a stone breakwater, filling in the hollow ramparts, replacing the upper floor with a stone vault and building a brick lined reservoir to the north of the fort. The prison has nine large dungeons to store gunpowder. The Dutch maintained a garrison of about thirty soldiers under the charge of a Lieutenant or Ensign.
The British used the fort firstly as a maximum security prison and then as an infectious diseases hospital. During the Second World War, on orders from Admiral Lord Mountbatten, Camp Hammenhiel was established in late 1944 to start a “Special Operations Group" under the command of Colonel Humphry Tollemache. Mountbatten himself visited the camp in November 1944 with Tollemache.

## Notable inmates

In 1971 Rohana Wijeweera, founder leader of the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna, was detained in the fort after his arrest. It was later used to house other prisoners of the abortive 1971 JVP insurrection. Those detained included Upatissa Gamanayake, Lionel Bopage, Podi Athula (Victor Ivan), Loku Athula (N. Jayasinghe), Prof. Jayadeva Uyangoda and Mahinda Wijesekara (who was to later to become a minister).

## Later use

Having plenty of space and the proper location to detain prisoners, it was used thereafter by the Sri Lanka Navy to detain sailors accused of wrongdoings. Now it has been transformed into a tourist hotel run by the Sri Lanka Navy.
# Mission Mars

Mission Mars was the 2003-04 challenge theme of FIRST Lego League. It revolved around the NASA missions to Mars with the Spirit and Opportunity rovers.

## Project

Teams were tasked with choosing a mission model, researching a question about it, and finding a creative solution. Then teams shared their project with the community and with judges at competition.

## Gameplay

The table performance portion of Mission Mars is played on a 4 ft by 8 ft field rimmed by wood boards. At competition, two of these fields are placed together to form an 8 ft square. In each 2+1⁄2-minute match, a team competes on each field with their robot to earn up to 400 points manipulating the mission models.
One of the mission models, the Alliance Habitation Module, straddles both fields in the center. This model can earn points for both teams when the two halves are pushed together. The touch penalty objects are four boulders, worth up to 14 points each depending on location. One is removed from the field each time the robot is touched outside of base.
Home base was unusual this year; usually base is a square region set in the corner of the field. For Mission Mars, the robot started on a fold-out platform (to emulate the Mars Rovers) sitting in a triangular base.

### Missions

All the missions were themed after aspects of Mars exploration:
* Exit the Tetrahedron Base - 39 points
* Launch The Sample Canister - up to 39 points
* Clear The Solar Panel - up to 43 points
* Connect The 180° and 90° Habitation Modules - up to 49 points
* Complete The Alliance Habitation Module - 43 points for each team
* Free The Rover - up to 43 points
* Move Ice Cores to base - up to 49 points
* Move Boulders Into The Launch Circle - up to 14 points each (up to 56 points)
* All Terrain Vehicle Test - 39 points
# Tensor decomposition

In multilinear algebra, a tensor decomposition is any scheme for expressing a "data tensor" (M-way array) as a sequence of elementary operations acting on other, often simpler tensors. Many tensor decompositions generalize some matrix decompositions.
Tensors are generalizations of matrices to higher dimensions (or rather to higher orders, i.e. the higher number of dimensions) and can consequently be treated as multidimensional fields. The main tensor decompositions are:
* Tensor rank decomposition;
* Higher-order singular value decomposition;
* Tucker decomposition;
* matrix product states, and operators or tensor trains;
* Online Tensor Decompositions
* hierarchical Tucker decomposition;
* block term decomposition

## Notation

This section introduces basic notations and operations that are widely used in the field.
Table of symbols and their description. :
| Symbols | Definition |
| ${a,{\bf {a}},{\bf {a}}^{T},\mathbf {A} ,{\mathcal {A}}}$ | scalar, vector, row, matrix, tensor |
| ${\bf {a}}={vec(.)}$ | vectorizing either a matrix or a tensor |
| ${\bf {A}}_{[m]}$ | matrixized tensor ${\mathcal {A}}$ |
| $\times _{m}$ | mode-m product |

## Introduction

A multi-way graph with K perspectives is a collection of K matrices ${X_{1},X_{2}.....X_{K}}$ with dimensions I × J (where I, J are the number of nodes). This collection of matrices is naturally represented as a tensor X of size I × J × K. In order to avoid overloading the term “dimension”, we call an I × J × K tensor a three “mode” tensor, where “modes” are the numbers of indices used to index the tensor.
# Maurice Chollet

Maurice Chollet (23 December 1927 – 22 February 2017) was a Swiss basketball player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1948 Summer Olympics and the 1952 Summer Olympics.
Chollet died in Lausanne on 22 February 2017, at the age of 89.
# Ossie Pickworth

Horace Henry Alfred "Ossie" Pickworth (17 January 1918 – 23 September 1969) was a leading Australian professional golfer of the 1940s and 1950s, winner of three successive Australian Open titles from 1946 to 1948, the last of which came in a playoff against Jim Ferrier.
Pickworth was born in Sydney.
Unlike his contemporary Ferrier, who would enjoy great success on the U.S. PGA Tour, Pickworth travelled to play only infrequently, but when he did it was with some success - he played the British circuit in 1950 and finished third in the Order of Merit after winning the Irish Open, losing a three-way playoff for the Daily Mail Tournament and being runner-up in the Silver King Tournament.
Pickworth would collect a fourth Australian Open title in 1954, and was also a three-time winner of the Australian PGA Championship, in 1947, 1953 and 1955, among numerous professional victories on the Australian circuit.

## Tournament wins (36)

this list may be incomplete
* 1946 Australian Open
* 1947 Australian Open, Australian PGA Championship, Ampol Tournament, Lakes Open, Dunlop Cup (Victoria)
* 1948 Australian Open, Victorian PGA Championship, Ampol Tournament (Apr), Ampol Tournament (Nov), Western Australian Open, Adelaide Advertiser Tournament, Victorian Close Championship, Dunlop Cup (Victoria), Peninsula £100 Pro Purse
* 1949 Ampol Tournament, Victoria Park Pro Purse, Dunlop Cup (Victoria)
* 1950 Irish Open, Victorian Close Championship, Dunlop Cup (Victoria)
* 1951 Ampol Tournament, Queensland Open, Dunlop Cup (Victoria)
* 1952 Queensland Open, Dunlop Cup (Victoria) (tie with Peter Thomson)
* 1953 Australian PGA Championship, Ampol Tournament
* 1954 Australian Open, Victorian PGA Championship, Victorian Close Championship, Liquor Industry £100 Tournament
* 1955 Australian PGA Championship, Victorian PGA Championship, Victorian Close Championship
* 1956 Victorian PGA Championship
* 1957 Victorian Open

## Results in major championships

| Tournament | 1950 | 1951 | 1952 | 1953 |
| The Open Championship | CUT | | | CUT |
Note: Pickworth only played in The Open Championship.
CUT = missed the half-way cut

## Team appearances

* Canada Cup (representing Australia): 1953
* Lakes International Cup (representing Australia): 1952, 1954 (winners)
* Vicars Shield (representing New South Wales): 1946 (winners)
* Vicars Shield (representing Victoria): 1947, 1948, 1949, 1951 (winners), 1952 (winners), 1953 (winners), 1954, 1955
# Deion Mikesell

Deion Mikesell (born 7 January 1997) is an American professional rugby union player. He played as a winger for the Houston Sabercats in Major League Rugby (MLR).
He previously signed with Clermont Auvergne on a developmental contract and also represented America with the United States national rugby union team internationally.
# Pluteus (disambiguation)

Pluteus is a large genus of fungi. It may also refer to:
* Pluteus (sculpture), a balustrade made up of massive rectangular slabs which divides part of a building in half
* Pluteus in ancient Roman architecture is a low wall connecting bases of pillars e.g. in a peristyle
* Pluteus larva, the larval stage of echinoderms
* Pluteo 29.1, also known as Pluteus 29.1, an illuminated manuscript
* Mantlet, known as pluteus or pluteo in several languages
# Spengen

Spengen is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Utrecht (province). It is a part of the municipality of Stichtse Vecht, and lies about 10 km northeast of Woerden.
The hamlet was first mentioned in 1217 as Spanien, and is a reference to Spain. It started as a peat excavation settlement in the 11th or 12th century. The postal authorities have placed it under Kockengen, and it has no place name signs. In 1840, it was home to 162 people.

## Gallery

* Farms in Spengen, with drawbridge over the Geer canal.
* Narrow street with wide canals
* Farm in Spengen
# Fondomat

Fondomat was an online crowd funding platform founded in 2011 by Joe Wakeford and Conrad Watts, originally launched in Prague, Czech Republic before relocating to London, England

## History

Fondomat was the first crowd-funding website in the Czech Republic and at the time the only one to accept transactions in Czech Koruna. It subsequently relocated to England.
The company was dissolved in January 2015 with the founders moving on to run companies established using the crowdfunding methods originally employed by Fondomat.

## Operating model

The website handled the administration of charitable donations and the funding of individual projects, using online fundraising tools to promote projects via social networks while enabling the electronic collection of donations. The site supported funding in Pound Sterling (£) and Euros (€).
Project owners chose a timeframe deadline and a funding target, and could add a description, videos and photos to their project page, or offer non-monetary rewards. Unlike some forums for fundraising or investment, the company did not claim any ownership over projects funded via its site, but took a 4% fee for fund-raising campaigns. The project owner was able to keep the funds collected whether or not the target was met by the deadline, unlike similar US site Kickstarter. The money raised was sent directly to the project owner, to protect them in case the platform collapsed.
# Pakuan City F.C.

Pakuan City Football Club (simply known as Pakuan City or PCFC) is an Indonesian football club based in Bogor, West Java. They currently compete in the Liga 4.

## Nickname

Pakuan City FC has the nickname "Kijang Siliwangi". This name was chosen because kijang comes from the same species as deer, an animal that is synonymous with the city of Bogor, while the word Siliwangi is taken from the name of Prabu Siliwangi who was one of the strongest kings who ever led the Pajajaran kingdom.

## History

Founded in 2021, Pakuan City made club debut into Indonesia football by joining the third-tier league Indonesia Liga 3 in 2021. They have acquired Cirebon FC which previously competed in Liga 3, they also moved their homebase from Cirebon to Bogor.
The CEO of Pakuan City, Dodi Irwan Suparno, seems very serious about rebuilding football in Bogor. With a background as a veterinarian entrepreneur who owns a number of pet shop outlets in West Java, he immediately took care of Pakuan City FC as CEO. He is known as a football fan and has a great desire to develop soccer at an early age.
Pakuan City FC's gait began by participating in the 2021 Bogor Mayor's Cup tournament. They succeeded in becoming champions after defeating Ebod Jaya in the final match, they even got rid of big-name clubs from Bandung Regency in the semifinals.

## Honours

* Bogor Mayor's Cup
** Champion: 2021

## Sponsorship

The complete sponsors are as follow

### Sponsors

* Zenith Apparel
* Satwagia
* Bogor Raya TV
* PT. Zalila Hasiba Arshiya
* PT. Pakuan Andalan Siliwangi
* Moyya Water
* Milky Var
* Karya Anilo
* The Yonan Hotel
* Warunk Boss Bray
* Zayyan Water
* 90 Stats
* Enzo Water
# Guillermo Hernández (footballer, born 1942)

Guillermo Alejandro Hernández Sánchez (born June 25, 1942) is a Mexican former football defender, who played for the Mexico national team between 1966 and 1973, gaining 55 caps and scoring 2 goals. He was part of the Mexico squad for the 1966 and 1970 World Cups.
# Laudermarke

Laudermarke is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Groningen. It is a part of the municipality of Westerwolde, and lies about 19 km northeast of Emmen.
Laudermarke has about 30 houses.
The hamlet was first mentioned in as 1466 Lauder marke, and means "fenced off terrain belonging to Laude. The postal authorities have placed it under Ter Apel.
# Oud-Maarsseveen

Oud-Maarsseveen is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is a part of the municipality of Stichtse Vecht, and lies about 7 km north of Utrecht.
The hamlet was first mentioned around 1200 as Marsenrevene, and means "moorland belonging to Maarssen". The oud (old) was later added to distinguish from Maarsseveen. Oud-Maarsseveen has place name signs. The hamlet started as a land cultivation project. It was home to 507 in 1840.

## Gallery

* Farm in Oud-Maarsseveen
* Farm / museum in Oud-Maarsseveen
# Amblyseius euvertex

Amblyseius euvertex is a species of mite in the family Phytoseiidae.