OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ministry of Peace (Ethiopia)

The Ministry of Peace (Amharic: ሰላም ሚኒስቴር) is an Ethiopian government department created in 2018 that aims to encourage peace processes to prevent and resolve armed conflict in Ethiopia and to support equitable development among the Regions of Ethiopia.

## Creation

The Ministry of Peace evolved from the Ministry of Federal Affairs, established in 2001, which initially was responsible for "regional affairs" and "urban development". In 2005, urban development was removed from the ministry's tasks. In 2009, the ministry gained more powers in handling religions, with the aim of encouraging tolerance between people of different religions. In 2010, the ministry gained powers related to registering charities and societies, and to "possession or use of arms, fire arms and explosives".
In October 2018, the Ministry of Peace was re-created as a new ministry, aiming to promote "peace, democracy and development" and to "focus on maintaining law and order, and create political unity among [the peoples] of the nation".

## Leadership

Muferiat Kamil was appointed the first Minister of Peace, in October 2018. She was succeeded by Binalf Andualem in October 2021.

## Responsibilities

In its new form as the Ministry of Peace, the ministry's direct responsibilities in October 2018 included:
* National Intelligence and Security Service (NISS);
* Information Network Security Agency (INSA);
* Federal Police Commission;
* Federal and Pastoralist Development Affairs;
* National Disaster Risk Management Commission;
* Administration for Refugee and Returnee Affairs;
* Main Department for Immigration and Nationality Affairs.

## Actions

In December 2020, to help solve the Metekel conflict, the Ministry of Peace planned to coordinate the creation of a reconciliation committee consisting of people from the Benishangul-Gumuz and Amhara Regions.
Also in December 2020, the Ministry of Peace signed an agreement with the German development agency GIZ to "expand access to drought-stricken communities", to provide peacekeeping and conflict resolution training to women and youth, and to "create joint development" in the border area between Benishangul-Gumuz Region on the Ethiopian side and the state of Blue Nile on the Sudanese side.
# Krampsbach

Krampsbach is a small river of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is 1.2 km long and flows into the Landerbach as a right tributary in Schloß Holte-Stukenbrock.
# Kozma Cove

Kozma Cove (Zaliv Kozma \'za-liv koz-'ma\) is a 1.8 km wide cove indenting for 1.2 km the north coast of Desolation Island between the two arms of that V-shaped island situated in the entrance to Hero Bay, Livingston Island, Antarctica. The area was frequented by early nineteenth century English and American sealers operating from nearby Blythe Bay. British mapping in 1968, Spanish in 1991 and Bulgarian in 2005 and 2009. Named after the Bulgarian scholar Presbyter Cosmas (10th century AD).
62°27′10″S 60°20′15″W﻿ / ﻿62.45278°S 60.33750°W﻿ / -62.45278; -60.33750

## Maps

* L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
* L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009. ISBN 978-954-92032-6-4
# Ageladas

Ageladas /ˌædʒəˈleɪdəs/ (Ancient Greek: Ἀγελάδας Agelā́dās) or Hagelaedas /ˌhædʒəˈliːdəs/ (Ancient Greek: Ἁγελᾴδας Hagelā́idās) was a celebrated Greek (Argive) sculptor, who flourished in the latter part of the 6th and the early part of the 5th century BC.
Ageladas' fame is enhanced by his having been the instructor of the three great masters, Phidias, Myron, and Polykleitos. The determination of the period when Ageladas flourished has given rise to a great deal of discussion, owing to the apparently contradictory statements of the writers who mention his name. Pausanias states that Ageladas cast a statue of Cleosthenes (who gained a victory in the chariot-race in the 66th Olympiad) with the chariot, horses, and charioteer placed at Olympia.
Also at Olympia, there were statues by Ageladas of Timasitheus of Delphi and Anochus of Tarentum. Timasitheus was put to death by the Athenians for his participation in the attempt to overthrow the tyrant Isagoras during the 68th Olympiad in 507. According to Eusebius, Anochus was a victor in the games of the 65th Olympiad. Therefore, if Ageladas was born about 540, he may very well have been the instructor of Phidias. On the other hand, Pliny says that Ageladas, with Polykleitos, Phradmon, and Myron, flourished in the 87th Olympiad. This agrees with the statement of the scholiast on Aristophanes, that at Melite there was a statue of Heracles (Ἡρακλῆς ἀλεξίκακος), the work of Ageladas the Argive, which was set up during the great pestilence at the 87th Olympiad.
To these authorities must be added a passage of Pausanias, where he speaks of a statue of Zeus made by Ageladas for the Messenians of Naupactus. This must have been after the year 455, when the Messenians were allowed by the Athenians to settle at Naupactus.
In order to reconcile these conflicting statements, it has been argued that Pliny's date is wrong and that the statue of Heracles had been made by Ageladas long before it was set up at Melite. Other scholars think that Pliny's date is correct, but that Ageladas did not make the statues of the Olympic victors mentioned by Pausanias until many years after their victories. Given that the dates of those individuals' victories are so nearly the same, this could be argued as being a very extraordinary coincidence.
The most probable solution of the difficulty is that proposed by Friedrich Thiersch, who thinks that there were two artists of this name: one an Argive, the instructor of Phidias, born about 540; the other a native of Sicyon, who flourished at the date assigned by Pliny and was confused by the scholiast on Aristophanes with his more illustrious Argive namesake. Thiersch supports this hypothesis by an able criticism of a passage of Pausanias.
Other scholars assume that there were two artists with the name of Ageladas, but both were Argives. Ageladas the Argive executed one of a group of three Muses, representing respectively the presiding geniuses of the diatonic, chromatic and enharmonic styles of Greek music. Canachus and Aristocles of Sicyon made the other two.
He may have been the teacher of the sculptor Ascarus.
# Burn Me Down

Burn Me Down may refer to:
* Burn Me Down (album), an album by Inez Jasper, or the title song
* "Burn Me Down" (song), a song by Marty Stuart
* "Burn Me Down", a 2016 song by Nathan Sykes from Unfinished Business
# Zlicans

The Zliczans (Czech: Zličané, Zličani, Czech pronunciation:) was a Slavic tribe in early medieval Bohemia, divided by a river from the tribe of the Bohemians. They are mentioned in the Chronicle of Dalimil. In the 9th and 10th centuries their seat was in Kouřim. They likely held the Vyšehrad castle in their frontier. They were overpowered by the Přemyslid dynasty on 28 September 995, when the ruling Slavník dynasty was massacred by the Přemyslids.

## Dukes

* Radslav of Kouřim (early 10th century) who led a war against Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia
# Post Tower

Post Tower is the headquarters of the logistic company DHL Group with the two brands: the Deutsche Post postal services and the DHL logistics service. The Post Tower is a 162.5-metre, 41-storey office building in Bonn, Germany. It was designed by German-American architect Helmut Jahn and won the 2002 Silver Emporis Skyscraper Award.
It is the sixteenth tallest skyscraper in Germany, and the tallest in Germany outside of Frankfurt am Main.

## Building details

The building is located at the river Rhine and in the center of the old parliament area of Bonn near the Deutsche Welle and has about 55,000 m$^2$ office surface. Construction phase was May 2000 to December 2002, 80,000 m³ of concrete and 16,000 tons of structural steel were used in the building shell. The building dimensions are; height: 162.5 m, width: 41.0 m, length: 81.1 m (with ring walls 86.55 m), weight: 300,000 t. The building has the ground floor, 40 upper floors and 5 underground levels. The Tower has a surface area of 7,000 m². The Tower is constructed as a steel-glass-building. The base of the Post Tower has the shape of two staggered semi-ellipses of two shifted circle segments. Most office walls, doors and the floors of skygardens and elevators are therefore made of 93,000 m² glass used.

### Climate control concept

A double skin glass façade with about 1.2 m cavity between the external skin and the primary façade, provides natural ventilation regulated by venetian blinds. The north-facing windows at the front are smooth, the glass windows on the south-facing façade are gently sloping to allow a better flow of air (see picture). Via a decentralized underground convector, the external air is sucked in from the space between the façades, then it is conditioned and fed back into the offices. The air also reaches internal areas of the building through doors and corridors.
The office air is filtered into the Sky Gardens, warms up those areas and then is filtered back outside via façade flaps on the east and west sides of the Sky Gardens. The double skin façade enables huge energy savings.
The benefits gained by the Post Tower in using up to 130 liters of groundwater per second to heat and cool the concrete core. The remaining energy requirement is covered by connection to the district heating system, refrigerating equipment and heat pumps.
* Post Tower at sunset, from below
* Post Tower night in Christmas tree illumination
* Post Tower, aerial view
* Post Tower from below
# Fairfield Bridge

Fairfield Bridge is a tied-arch bridge on the Waikato River in Fairfield, Hamilton, New Zealand. It is one of six bridges in the city. It spans from River Road, on the east bank of the river, to Victoria Street, on the west side.
It was registered as a Category I 'Historic Place' with the New Zealand Historic Places Trust on 30 August 1990. The Great Race starts just north of the bridge, with the rowers passing under it during the race.
There were days when drovers would drive stock over the main Fairfield Bridge to Frankton saleyards.

## Design and construction

The bridge is 139 metres (457 ft) long, and has two land spans, and three arches which are 70 centimetres (28 in) wide, 40 metres (130 ft) long and 7.9 metres (26 ft) above the road at their highest point. The road is 20 ft (6.1 m) wide, and the footpaths 5 ft (1.5 m). The arches and spans are made from reinforced concrete.
It was designed by Stanley Jones of Auckland, and Roose Shipping started construction in August 1934. The bridge was opened in April 1937 by the Minister of Public Works Bob Semple. It was the fourth largest reinforced concrete tied-arch bridge in New Zealand, and the second over the Waikato River.
When the building of a bridge in the Fairfield suburb was proposed, many people felt that it would seldom be used. At that time it was just north of the city boundary, in Waikato County. Sixty-five years later, in 2002, there were about 20,000 vehicles travelling across the bridge each day.
During the building of foundations for the bridges, an excavator came across a burial cave in the bank of the river. The preserved heads of several Māori were found in it. In 1991 a reconstruction project costing NZ$1.1 million took place, as the bridge was suffering the effects of concrete cancer, discovered in 1980.
During January 2011, the bridge was closed for three weeks for maintenance.

## Motorcycle stunt

In 2009 Jonathan Bennett of the Mormon Few Stunt Crew was charged, and in 2010 was convicted, for dangerous driving for riding a motorcycle on the arches of Fairfield Bridge. The stunt was filmed and subsequently posted on YouTube. He was fined $500 and disqualified from riding for 6 months.
# Dundee, Mississippi

Dundee is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Tunica County, Mississippi, United States. Dundee is 12 miles (19 km) south-southwest of Tunica. Dundee has a post office with ZIP code 38626.
It was first named as a CDP in the 2020 Census which listed a population of 73.

## History

The village was founded in 1884 after the Louisville, New Orleans and Texas Railway was built, and was originally called Carnesville, for Captain J.B. Carnes, a principal landowner in the county.
A post office was established in 1887, though a similarly-named Carnesville required a change of names. "Dundee" was selected from a list. Dundee was incorporated in 1920 by Gubernatorial (Governor's) Proclamation.
Dundee served as a transportation hub, and a railroad depot was built circa 1895. Blues musician W. C. Handy once played on the depot's wooden platform as crowds danced. In 2011, the depot—the last in Tunica County—was moved to Robinsonville, where it was restored and made into a visitors center. The "Highway 61 North" Mississippi Blues Trail marker is located in front of the depot.

## Education

Residents are a part of the Tunica County School District. Zoned schools include Dundee Elementary School, Tunica Middle School, and Rosa Fort High School.

## Demographics
### 2020 census

Dundee CDP, Mississippi – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2020 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 4 | 5.48% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 68 | 93.15% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 0 | 0.00% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 0 | 0.00% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 0 | 0.00% |
| Some Other Race alone (NH) | 0 | 0.00% |
| Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH) | 0 | 0.00% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 1 | 1.37% |
| Total | 73 | 100.00% |

## Notable people

* Sam Carr, drummer for The Jelly Roll Kings; raised in Dundee.
* Dub Garrett, American football player
* Oliver Sain, musician.

## Gallery

* View of the community from US Highway 61
* Post office located off of [US Route 61]
* Victory Temple of Deliverance Church in Dundee
# Joaquín Izuibejeres

Joaquín Izuibejeres (born February 23, 1982, in Montevideo, Uruguay) is a Uruguayan professional basketball player. His jersey's number is 5. He is a longtime member of the Uruguay national basketball team, having played in the 2006 and 2010 South American basketball championships and the 2003 Pan American Games, and is currently (2015-2016 season) playing professionally with Trouville of Liga Uruguaya de Basketball.
# Penalty flag

The penalty flag (or just "flag"), often called a penalty marker (or just "marker"), is a yellow cloth used in several field sports including American football, Canadian football, and lacrosse by game officials to identify and sometimes mark the location of penalties or infractions that occur during regular play. It is usually wrapped around a weight, such as sand or beans so it can be thrown accurately over greater distances and cannot easily be blown away. Many officials previously weighted flags with ball bearings, but the practice was largely discontinued after a flag thrown by NFL referee Jeff Triplette struck Cleveland Browns offensive tackle Orlando Brown Sr. in the eye during a 1999 game, causing a serious injury to Brown. Brown was forced to sit out three seasons because of the eye injury and settled with the NFL for a reported amount of $25 million.
NFL penalty flags were colored white until 1965, when the color was changed to yellow. Penalty flags in college football were red until the 1970s, before also being changed to yellow. To mark field position after a change in possession, such as after an interception or punt, a small bean bag is used to mark where the change of possession took place. These bean bags are typically black, blue, or white; other colors such as orange have occasionally been used. In 2022, the Canadian Football League changed its flag from orange to yellow.
The idea for the penalty flag came from Youngstown State coach Dwight Beede and was first used in a game against Oklahoma City University on October 17, 1941. Prior to the use of flags, officials used horns and whistles to signal a penalty. Official adoption of the use of the flag occurred at the 1948 American Football Coaches rules session. The National Football League first used flags on September 17, 1948 when the Green Bay Packers played the Boston Yanks.
In October 2013, the NFL planned to use pink penalty flags throughout the month as part of the league's breast cancer awareness initiative. This was changed after two weeks, due to confusion with other pink apparel on players and game officials.
In some football leagues, coaches are given a challenge flag of similar construction to a penalty flag. The flag is red in American football and yellow in Canadian football, so it contrasts with the officials' penalty flags. This is thrown by a coach when he wishes to contest (challenge) a referee's decision.
# Chromatid

A chromatid (Greek khrōmat- 'color' + -id) is one half of a duplicated chromosome. Before replication, one chromosome is composed of one DNA molecule. In replication, the DNA molecule is copied, and the two molecules are known as chromatids. During the later stages of cell division these chromatids separate longitudinally to become individual chromosomes.
Chromatid pairs are normally genetically identical, and said to be homozygous. However, if mutations occur, they will present slight differences, in which case they are heterozygous. The pairing of chromatids should not be confused with the ploidy of an organism, which is the number of homologous versions of a chromosome.

## Sister chromatids

Chromatids may be sister or non-sister chromatids. A sister chromatid is either one of the two chromatids of the same chromosome joined together by a common centromere. A pair of sister chromatids is called a dyad. Once sister chromatids have separated (during the anaphase of mitosis or the anaphase II of meiosis during sexual reproduction), they are again called chromosomes, each having the same genetic mass as one of the individual chromatids that made up its parent. The DNA sequence of two sister chromatids is completely identical (apart from very rare DNA copying errors).
Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) is the exchange of genetic information between two sister chromatids. SCEs can occur during mitosis or meiosis. SCEs appear to primarily reflect DNA recombinational repair processes responding to DNA damage (see article Sister chromatid exchange).
Non-sister chromatids, on the other hand, refers to either of the two chromatids of paired homologous chromosomes, that is, the pairing of a paternal chromosome and a maternal chromosome. In chromosomal crossovers, non-sister (homologous) chromatids form chiasmata to exchange genetic material during the prophase I of meiosis (See Homologous chromosome pair).
# Walter Schleger

Walter Schleger (19 September 1929 – 3 December 1999) was an Austrian football player.

## Club career

A speedy and tricky attacker, Schleger played for several clubs: he began his career in Sparta Prague, where he played in their youth team, later went to Vienna and played for Wiener Sportclub (1949–1951) and Austria Wien (1951–1964).
A veterinarian, he later became head of the genetics institute at the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna.

## International career

He made his debut for Austria in a September 1951 friendly match against West Germany and was a participant at the 1954 FIFA World Cup and 1958 FIFA World Cup. He earned 22 caps, scoring one goal.

## Honours

* Austrian Football Bundesliga (4):
** 1953, 1961, 1962, 1963
* Austrian Cup (3):
** 1960, 1962, 1963
# Antelope (1797 ship)

Antelope was built at Batavia in 1792 and captured in 1797. Captain Thomas Finnan (or Fennan) acquired a letter of marque on 8 May 1798. She sailed from London on 20 May to gather slaves from Africa. She embarked slaves at Anomabu, and was reported off Grenada on her way to Jamaica, having come from Anomabu. Although the registers carried her with stale data for some years, her subsequent fate is currently unknown.
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source |
| 1798 | Fennan | Hueston | London–Africa | Lloyd's Register (LR) |
| 1800 | M.Finnan | T.Hughan | London–Africa | Register of Shipping |

## Citations

* 1 2 3 Lloyd's Register (1799), Seq. №428.
* 1 2 3 4 "Letter of Marque, p.50 - accessed 25 July 2017" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 October 2016. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
* ↑ Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – Antelope voyage #80322.
# Mark Twain's (Burlesque) Autobiography and First Romance

Mark Twain's (Burlesque) Autobiography and First Romance is an 1871 book by American author Mark Twain. Published by Sheldon & Co. in 1871, the book consists of two short stories: "A Burlesque Autobiography", which first appeared in Twain's Memoranda contributions to The Galaxy, and "First Romance", which originally appeared in The Express in 1870.
The book bears no relationship to Twain's actual life. The two short stories present fictional characters who are supposedly part of Twain's lineage. In the final passage, Twain develops the story to a point of crisis, and then abruptly ends the tale, saying:
   The truth is, I have got my hero (or heroine) into such a particularly close place, that I do not see how I am ever going to get him (or her) out of it again—and therefore I will wash my hands of the whole business, and leave that person to get out the best way that offers—or else stay there. I thought it was going to be easy enough to straighten out that little difficulty, but it looks different now.
With that, Twain's Autobiography ends.
The illustrations form an interesting aspect of this book. They have no relationship to the text of the book. Rather, they use cartoons illustrating the children's poem The House that Jack Built to lampoon the Erie Railroad Ring (the house) and its participants, Jay Gould, John T. Hoffman, and Jim Fisk.
The book was not one of Twain's personal favorites. Two years after publication, he bought all of the printing plates of the book and destroyed them.