OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Continental drip

Continental drip is the observation that southward-pointing landforms are more numerous and prominent than northward-pointing landforms. For example, Africa, South America, the Indian subcontinent, and Greenland all taper off to a point towards the south. The name is a play on continental drift.
The observation was made by Ormonde de Kay in a 1973 tongue-in-cheek paper, which he introduced as "another earth-shaking new theory derived from simply looking at maps." It satirizes the acceptance of plate tectonics theory as it was being formulated and refined at the time to describe the movement of the Earth's continents that is now thoroughly accepted. Given examples of smaller-than-continental drips include Baja California Peninsula, Florida, all of Europe's peninsulas except Jutland (Italy, Greece, Iberia, Scandinavia, Crimea) as well as in southeast Asia, the Malay Peninsula and Indochina.
John C. Holden expanded and illustrated his own version of the idea in 1976, almost entirely as a parody, in the Journal of Irreproducible Results. In Holden's expansion of the concept, he satirically invents the fictional German words Südpolarfluchtkraft ("south polar fleeing force") having created Südpolarfluchttropfen ("south polar fleeing drips"). He does, however, cite an actual theory of northward drift of Gondwanaland descendant continents of Australia, Africa, South America, and India breaking away from Antarctica, which he authored with Robert S. Dietz in 1970. As part of the 1976 parody paper, he proposes that the "drips" or "sub-drips" are North America, Greenland, South America, Africa, Arabia, India, Asia, and Australia. Contrarily, "anti-drips" are formed by Ceylon and Antarctica itself because Antarctica is "on top of the world" as all the continents draw away from it.
The planet simulator (software toy) SimEarth by Maxis includes continental drip in its Terran (Earth) simulations.
# Janusz Szukszta

Janusz Szukszta (born 25 June 1932) is a Polish chess player.

## Chess career

In 1950, in Iwonicz-Zdrój Janusz Szukszta won Polish Junior Chess Championship, ahead Stefan Witkowski and Romuald Grabczewski. From 1952 to 1975 he seven times participated in Polish Chess Championships final. His best result - twice ranked in 4th place (1956, 1957). Janusz Szukszta nine time won Polish Team Chess Championship (1952, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1963, 1964, 1967, 1969, 1972) and two time won Polish Team Fast Chess Championship (1967, 1975). In 1974, Janusz Szukszta shared 1st place in International Chess Tournament in Augustów, but in 1979 he won International Chess Tournament in Algiers. In 1979, Janusz Szukszta shared 1st place in International Chess Tournament in Mecheri.
Janusz Szukszta played for Poland in the Chess Olympiad:
* In 1958, at third board in the 13th Chess Olympiad in Munich (+3, =5, -2).
Janusz Szukszta played for Poland in the European Team Chess Championship preliminaries:
* In 1961, at seventh board in the 2nd European Team Chess Championship preliminaries (+0, =3, -2).
Janusz Szukszta played for Poland in the World Student Team Chess Championship:
* In 1956, at fourth board in the 3rd World Student Team Chess Championship in Uppsala (+3, =2, -0).
# Ueli Bodenmann

Ueli Bodenmann (born 14 March 1965 in St. Gallen) is a Swiss rower. He is 191 cm tall and lives in Wilen, Switzerland. Bodenmann is a member of Rorschach SC.
# Achab

Achab may refer to:
* Achab or Ahab, ancient Israelite king
* Capitaine Achab, French short film directed by Philippe Ramos
* Imad Achab Kanouni, French citizen who was held in extrajudicial detention in the United States Guantanamo Bay detention camps, in Cuba
* Jaouad Achab, taekwondo practitioner from Belgium
* Mustapha Achab, Moroccan footballer.
# Robert Andrew (golfer)

Robert Andrew (born c. 1841) was a Scottish professional golfer. He had seven top-10 finishes in The Open Championship.

## Early life

Andrew was born in Scotland circa 1841.

## Golf career
### 1860 Open Championship

The 1860 Open Championship was a golf competition held at Prestwick Golf Club, in Ayrshire, Scotland. It is now regarded as the first Open Championship. Eight golfers contested the event, with Willie Park, Sr. winning the championship by two shots from Tom Morris, Sr. Andrew scored 191 and finished in fourth place 17 strokes behind the winner.

### 1864 Open Championship

The 1864 Open Championship was the fifth Open Championship and was held on 16 September at Prestwick Golf Club. Tom Morris, Sr. won the championship for the third time, by two shots from Andrew Strath. There were sixteen competitors. Andrew carded rounds of 57-58-60=175 and won £3.

### 1866 Open Championship

The 1866 Open Championship was the seventh Open Championship and was held on 13 September at Prestwick Golf Club. Willie Park, Sr. won the championship for the third time, by two shots from his brother Davie Park. There were 16 competitors. Andrew turned in cards of 58-59-59=176 and finished in third place, winning £2.

#### Details of play

Playing in a strong wind, Willie Park was in the first group out and set the pace with a score of 54. Defending champion Andrew Strath and Davie Park were four behind, scoring 58. Willie Park extended his lead to five stokes after the second round. Despite a final round of 59 Willie Park set a useful target of 169. Davie Park's final round of 56 gave him a total of 171 and second place. Andrew was third, a further five strokes behind, posting rounds of 58-59-59=176 and won £2.

## Results in major championships

| Tournament | 1860 | 1861 | 1862 | 1863 | 1864 | 1865 | 1866 | 1867 | 1868 |
| The Open Championship | 4 | 5 | | 6 | 3 | WD | 3 | 7 | 3 |
Note: Andrew played only in The Open Championship.
WD = withdrew

## Death and legacy

Andrew's date of death is unknown. Andrew is best known for having seven top-10 finishes in The Open Championship.
# Ove Grahn

Jan-Olof "Ove" Grahn (9 May 1943 – 11 July 2007) was a Swedish professional football player who played as a striker. He represented IF Elfsborg, Grasshoppers, Lausanne Sports, and Örgryte IS during a career that spanned between 1960 and 1978. A full international between 1962 and 1976, he won 45 caps and scored 10 goals for the Sweden national team and represented his country at the 1970 and 1974 FIFA World Cups.

## Club career

Grahn began his career with Norra Fågelås IF in Division 4, where he scored 40 goals in 14 games during the 1960 season at only 17 years of age. He then signed for IF Elfsborg in Allsvenskan and played in four games as they won the 1961 Allsvenskan title. He then went on to play professionally in Switzerland for 10 years before finishing up his career at Örgryte IS.

## International career

Between 1962 and 1976, Grahn played 45 international games for Sweden, and represented his country at the 1970 and 1974 FIFA World Cups, where he scored the winning goal against Uruguay in the former. He also represented the Sweden U19, U21, and B teams between 1961 and 1965.

## Career statistics
### International

Appearances and goals by national team and year :
| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| Sweden | 1962 | 2 | 1 |
| Sweden | 1963 | 0 | 0 |
| Sweden | 1964 | 0 | 0 |
| Sweden | 1965 | 3 | 0 |
| Sweden | 1966 | 0 | 0 |
| Sweden | 1967 | 0 | 0 |
| Sweden | 1968 | 3 | 1 |
| Sweden | 1969 | 6 | 2 |
| Sweden | 1970 | 4 | 1 |
| Sweden | 1971 | 3 | 2 |
| Sweden | 1972 | 2 | 0 |
| Sweden | 1973 | 6 | 1 |
| Sweden | 1974 | 9 | 0 |
| Sweden | 1975 | 4 | 2 |
| Sweden | 1976 | 3 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 45 | 10 |
    Scores and results list Sweden's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Grahn goal.
List of international goals scored by Ove Grahn :
| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1 | 19 June 1962 | Helsinki Olympic Stadium, Helsinki, Finland | Finland | 1–0 | 3–0 | 1960–63 Nordic Football Championship |
| 2 | 1 August 1968 | Ullevi, Gothenburg, Sweden | Soviet Union | 2–1 | 2–2 | Friendly |
| 3 | 19 June 1969 | Ullevaal Stadion, Oslo, Norway | Norway | 4–0 | 5–2 | 1970 FIFA World Cup qualification |
| 4 | 24 September 1969 | Råsunda Stadium, Solna, Sweden | Hungary | 2–0 | 2–0 | Friendly |
| 5 | 10 June 1970 | Estadio Cuahtemoc, Puebla City, Mexico | Uruguay | 1–0 | 1–0 | 1970 FIFA World Cup |
| 6 | 20 June 1971 | Parken, Copenhagen, Denmark | Denmark | 1–0 | 3–1 | 1968–71 Nordic Football Championship |
| 7 | 20 June 1971 | Parken, Copenhagen, Denmark | Denmark | 3–1 | 3–1 | 1968–71 Nordic Football Championship |
| 8 | 23 May 1973 | Ullevi, Gothenburg, Sweden | Austria | 2–1 | 3–2 | 1974 FIFA World Cup qualification |
| 9 | 19 May 1975 | Örjans Vall, Halmstad, Sweden | Algeria | 2–1 | 2–1 | Friendly |
| 10 | 30 June 1975 | Råsunda Stadium, Solna, Sweden | Norway | 3–1 | 3–1 | UEFA Euro 1976 qualification |

## Honours

Elfsborg
* Allsvenskan: 1961
Grasshoppers
* Nationalliga A: 1970–71
* Swiss League Cup: 1974–75
Individual
* Division 4 top scorer: 1960
* Stor Grabb: 1968
* Nationalliga A top scorer: 1973 (shared with Ottmar Hidzfeld)
# Maganlal Goyal

Maganlal Goyal (5 September 1927 – 22 February 2012) was an Indian independence activist and politician from Madhya Pradesh. He served as an MLA from Tikamgarh three times and held various positions in the Tikamgarh municipal council for 16 years.

## Early life and background

He was born on 5 September 1927 in Tikamgarh, Madhya Pradesh. His father's name was Chunnilal Sarraf, and his mother's name was Sagun Bai. He studied at Devendra Sanskrit Vidyalaya in Tikamgarh and had a deep interest in theology, culture, and literature.

## Career

He started his public life as a student leader, serving as the Deputy Secretary of the Orchha State Students Congress from 1944 to 1947. He participated in many movements for the independence of the country from 1945 to 1948, and he received an arrest warrant in April 1947 for his involvement in a particular movement. During that period, he also participated in revolutionary activities.
He was elected as an MLA from the Tikamgarh Assembly constituency in 1977, 1989, and 1998 as a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He was awarded the Utkrishta Seva Samman by the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly for the period 1998–2003 in appreciation of his development work. He also represented the Nagar Palika Parishad Tikamgarh for 16 years, serving as a Member, Vice-chairman, and President of the Nagarpalika, and served on many committees.
He died on 22 February 2012 in Tikamgarh and was cremated with full state honours by the Madhya Pradesh government.
# Nōmachiguchi Station

The Nōmachiguchi Station (能町口駅, Nōmachiguchi Eki) is a city tram station on the Takaoka Kidō Line located in Takaoka, Toyama Prefecture, Japan.
| ← | Service | → |
| Yonejimaguchi | Takaoka Kidō Line | Shin Yoshihisa |
36°46′24″N 137°02′56″E﻿ / ﻿36.77333°N 137.04889°E﻿ / 36.77333; 137.04889
* This Toyama Prefecture railroad station-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Buzz Bee Toys

Buzz Bee Toys is an American/Hong Kong toy company created in 2002. They are an industry leader in the dart blaster and water blaster toy categories around the globe. They currently produce under several private label brands such as Adventure Force for Walmart and their own brands of Air Warriors and Water Warriors.

## Brands
### Air Warriors

Air Warriors is a line of air-operated dart blasters.

### Water Warriors

First released in 2003, Water Warriors is a line of pressurized water guns, similar to earlier Super Soaker blasters. The blasters are technically the most powerful water guns sold today, though it has been proven that the larger models can be difficult for small children to handle.

### Others

Originally called Air Blasters, Air Warriors is a line of foam dart guns, similar to Hasbro's Nerf Blasters line. A few of the Air Blasters products also shoot missiles or marshmallows. Air Warriors Jr. Sports consists of toy sports equipment such as foam balls, basketball hoops and pogo sticks. The Ruff Stuff Electronics line consists of realistic toy guns that make electronic sound effects. Ruff Stuff Fun Foam is a line of foam toys such as flying discs, footballs, swords and flashlights. The Purebred Collection is a currently discontinued line of toy animals.

## Lawsuit

In June 2010, Hasbro sued Buzz Bee Toys and Lanard Toys for patent violation of its Nerf and Super Soaker brands. The lawsuit, filed in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts, stated that Buzz Bee and Lanard infringed two U.S. patents for the Nerf N-Strike Disc Shot blaster, while Buzz Bee infringed on a Super Soaker patent. In November, Hasbro won its patent case against Buzz Bee with the latter banned from producing any more "Hydropower" water guns. The suit was filed as Hasbro Inc v. Buzz Bee Toys Inc, United States District Court, District of Massachusetts, No. 10-cv-10906.
# Ugo Jametti

Ugo Jametti (born 24 August 1959) is a Swiss handball player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1980 Summer Olympics.
# Kazachy, Volgograd Oblast

Kazachy (Russian: Казачий) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Zakharovskoye Rural Settlement, Kletsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 202 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.

## Geography

Kazachy is located on the right bank of the Don River, 27 km southwest of Kletskaya (the district's administrative centre) by road. Zakharov is the nearest rural locality.
# Ove Karlsson (footballer)

Ove Karlsson (2 August 1915 – 23 May 1982) was a Swedish footballer who played as a defender.
# Quarentinha (footballer, born 1934)

Paulo Benedito dos Santos Braga (born 18 November 1934), better known as Quarentinha, and sometimes as Quarentinha II, is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a forward.

## Career

His nickname came from his childhood, in reference to the great Paysandu Quarenta idol. And just like his idol, Quarentinha made history for Paysandu, surpassing the record of 12 state titles won by the club. He is considered by many to be the greatest player in Paysandu's history.

## Personal life

Quarentinha suffered a robbery on 5 August 2019, at the age of 84, and suffered a dislocated shoulder. At age 87, he underwent emergency surgery due to blood pressure problems.

## Honours
### Paysandu

* Campeonato Paraense: 1956, 1957, 1959, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1969, 1971, 1972
# Yngvar Barda

Yngvar Barda (5 February 1935 – 23 July 1999) was a Norwegian chess player, Nordic Chess Cup medalist (1970).

## Biography

Yngvar Barda was eldest son of first Norwegian International Master (IM) Olaf Barda (1909 – 1971). In the 1950s he was one of the leading Norwegian junior chess players. In 1953, in Copenhagen Yngvar Barda represented Norway in 2nd World Junior Chess Championship.
Yngvar Barda played for Norway in the Chess Olympiad:
* In 1956, at first reserve board in the 12th Chess Olympiad in Moscow (+0, =1, -6).
Yngvar Barda played for Norway in the Nordic Chess Cups:
* In 1970, at eight board in the 1st Nordic Chess Cup in Großenbrode (+0, =2, -1) and won team bronze medal,
* In 1972, at fourth board in the 3rd Nordic Chess Cup in Großenbrode (+0, =2, -2),
* In 1974, at second board in the 5th Nordic Chess Cup in Eckernförde (+0, =3, -2).
# Snåsa

Snåsa may refer to:

## Places

* Snåsa Municipality, a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway
* Snåsa (village), a village in Snåsa Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway
* Snåsa Church, a church built in 1200 in Snåsa Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway
* Snåsa Station, a railway station in Snåsa Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway
* Lake Snåsa, a lake in the municipalities of Snåsa and Steinkjer in Trøndelag county, Norway
# The Raven Age

The Raven Age are an English heavy metal band formed in London in 2009 by guitarists George Harris and Dan Wright. Harris is the son of Iron Maiden bassist Steve Harris.

## History

In 2014, the band recorded and released their self-titled EP, before supporting Steve Harris' British Lion and Tremonti on separate tours. The band then supported Iron Maiden on The Book of Souls World Tour in 2016. On 2 August 2016, the band announced that their debut album, Darkness Will Rise, would be released in December 2016, but it was instead released in March 2017. The band supported Anthrax on the Among The Kings European Tour in 2017. They followed by supporting Killswitch Engage and Tremonti on their tours in 2018. The band released their second album, Conspiracy, on 8 March 2019. Conspiracy has received over 130,000 views on YouTube as of 12 June 2019.

## Members
### Current members

* George Harris – guitars (2009–present)
* Matt Cox – bass, backing vocals (2012–present)
* Jai Patel – drums (2013–present)
* Matt James – lead vocals (2018–present)
* Tommy Gentry – guitars (2015, 2022–present)

### Former members

* Michael Burrough – lead vocals (2013–2017)
* Dan Wright – guitars (2009–2017)
* Tony Maue – guitars (2017–2022)

## Discography
### Studio Albums

* Darkness Will Rise (2017)
* Conspiracy (2019)
* Blood Omen (2023)

### Compilation Albums

* Exile (2021)

### EPs

* The Raven Age (2014)

### Singles

* Salem's Fate (2017)
* Surrogate (2018)
* Betrayal of the Mind (2018)
* The Day the World Stood Still (2019)
* Fleur de Lis (2019)
* No Man's Land (2021)
* As the World Stood Still (2021)
* Wait For Me (2021)
* Parasite (2023)
* Serpents Tongue (2023)
* Forgive & Forget (2023)
* The Guillotine (2024)
# Climate change acronyms

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) use tens of acronyms and initialisms in documents relating to climate change policy.

## A

* AAU - Assigned amount unit
* AGGI - Annual Greenhouse Gas Index
* AMO - Atlantic multidecadal oscillation
* AO - Arctic oscillation

## C

* CDM – Clean Development Mechanism is an arrangement under the Kyoto Protocol allowing industrialised countries with a greenhouse gas reduction commitment (called Annex 1 countries) to invest in projects that reduce emissions in developing countries as an alternative to more expensive emission reductions in their own countries.
* CDR - Carbon dioxide removal
* CER – Certified Emission Reduction
* CFC - Chlorofluorocarbon
* CF$_4$ - Carbon tetrafluoride
* CH$_4$ - Methane
* COP - Conference of the Parties
* CO$_2$ - Carbon dioxide
* C$_2$F$_6$ - Hexafluoroethane

## D

* DER – Distributed Energy Resources is a small-scale unit of power generation that operates locally and is connected to a larger power grid at the distribution level. DERs include solar panels, small natural gas-fueled generators, electric vehicles and controllable loads, such as HVAC systems and electric water heaters. An important distinction of a DER is that the energy it produces is often consumed close to the source.

## E

* EEI - Earth's Energy Imbalance
* ENSO - El Niño–Southern Oscillation

## G

* GCM - General circulation model or global climate model
* GFDL - Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
* GHG - Greenhouse gas
* GWP - Global warming potential

## H

* HCFC - Hydrochlorofluorocarbon
* HFC - Hydrofluorocarbon
* H$_2$O - Water vapor

## I

* IOD - Indian Ocean Dipole
* IPO - Interdecadal Pacific oscillation
* IPCC - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

## M

* MSL - Mean Sea Level

## N

* NCDS - Nationally Determined Contributions (aka Paris Accord/Agreement)
* NAPA – National Adaptation Programme of Action.
* NCAR - National Center for Atmospheric Research
* NF$_3$ - Nitrogen trifluoride
* N$_2$0 - Nitrous oxide

## O

* OHC - Ocean heat content
* O$_3$ - (Tropospheric) Ozone

## P

* PDO - Pacific decadal oscillation

## R

* RCP - Representative Concentration Pathway
* REDD – Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation mechanisms use market/financial incentives to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases from deforestation and forest degradation.

## S

* SSP - Shared Socioeconomic Pathways
* SST - Sea surface temperature
* SF$_6$ - Sulfur hexafluoride

## T

* TEWI - Total equivalent warming impact

## U

* UHI - Urban heat island

## W

* WMO - World Meteorological Organization
# Jessica Nilsson

Jessica Nilsson (born 11 January 1965) is a Swedish director based in Denmark. She is best known for directing the feature film All About Anna (2005), along with other films.
Nilsson was born and grew up in Sweden, but moved to Denmark in 1989. She studied at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, and later graduated from the National Film School of Denmark. Her short film Pølsen won First Prize at the Oslo Short Film Festival 1998.
Spotless was in competition at the Sundance Film Festival in 2001 and was shown at the Odense International Film Festival in 2000, where she received the Danish Directors' Prize of Merit. Spotless won the Special Jury Prize at Flickerfest 2001 in Sydney. All About Anna won three Scandinavian Adult Awards, including Best Scandinavian Couples Film, and was nominated for four AVN Awards, including Best Foreign Film.
Nilsson writes and directs documentaries, short movies, music videos, commercials, and radio plays. She made her radio play debut with Hullet in 2001. The Danish Association of the Blind [da] awarded her its 2005 Radioplay Award for her radio play Flammende kærlighed, produced by Danmarks Radio.
She directed a second feature film, Sverige er fantastisk, a road movie starring Lene Maria Christensen [da], Mette Føns [da] and Erik Clausen. It was shot in 2006 and was released in 2015.

## Filmography

* TV-Ansjosen (1995) (TV series)
* Pølsen (1997)
* Taber! (1998)
* Psykologens dagbog (1999)
* Spotless (1999)
* Sjätte dagen (2001) (TV-series)
* Die Jodeladies: Absolute partyterapi (2002)
* Stressless (2003)
* All About Anna (2005)
* Homeless (2008)
* Ulla – B wants a job (2009)
* Safehouse - Trafficked (documentary 2010)
* Pia Wants to Survive - Cancer (documentary 2012 - ?)
* The Man Who Fell Down the Stairs as a 3 Year Old – Schizophrenia (documentary 2013 - ?)
* Painless (2014)
* Sverige er fantastisk (2015)

## Radio plays

* Hullet (2001)
* Til døden os skiller (2003)
* Flammende begær (2004)
* Fødselspsykose (2007)
# Veronika Preining

Veronika Preining-Breuer (born 21 November 1965) is an Austrian Paralympic skier. She represented Austria in Para-Alpine skiing at the 1984 Paralympic Winter Games in Innsbruck and in Nordic skiing at the 1988 Paralympic Winter Games in Innsbruck. She won six medals, two gold, three silvers and a bronze.

## Career

At the 1984 Paralympic Winter Games in Innsbruck, she finished first in downhill in 2:06.14 (Sheila Holzworth finished the race in 2: 32.42 and Cara Dunne in 2:36.93). She won a silver medal in super combined B1 (with a realized time of 2:44.63), and bronze in the giant slalom race category B1 in 6:15.91.
At the 1988 Winter Paralympics, she won gold in the 5 km race in front of the Finnish athlete Kirsti Pennanen and the Russian Valentina Grigoryeva, the silver in the 10 km race, and the bronze in the 3x5 km event in category B1-3.
She competed at the 1990 World Nordic disabled championships, winning a gold medal, in 10 kilometers.
# Ivanushensky

Ivanushensky (Russian: Иванушенский) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Verkhnecherenskoye Rural Settlement, Kletsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 77 as of 2010. There are 8 streets.

## Geography

Ivanushensky is located on the bank of the Kurtlak River, 25 km southwest of Kletskaya (the district's administrative centre) by road. Verkhnecherensky is the nearest rural locality.
# Per Lundh

Per Lundh (born April 4, 1958) is a Swedish sprint canoer who competed in the early to mid-1980s. He won a bronze medal in the K-4 500 m event at the 1985 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Mechelen.
Lundh also finished ninth in the K-4 1000 m event at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.
# Valencia Seay

Valencia M. Seay (born July 6, 1953) is an American politician. She is a member of the Georgia State Senate from the 34th District, serving since 2003. She is a member of the Democratic Party.