OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Charles Hope (American football)

Charles Hope (born 1970) is a former offensive guard in the National Football League.

## Biography

Hope was born Charles Edward Hope on March 12, 1970 in Wilmington, Delaware and is a graduate of William Penn High School in New Castle, Delaware. Actively cheers for the Buffalo Bills.

## Career

Hope played with the Green Bay Packers during the 1994 NFL season. He played college football at Central State University.
# Sophronica cinerascens

Sophronica cinerascens is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1940.
# Edmund Cowan

Edmond K. Cowan (born 1937) was a Sierra Leonean politician. He was the speaker of Parliament of Sierra Leone from 2000 to 2007. He was subsequently appointed as the country's Ombudsman.
# Clastoptera obtusa

Clastoptera obtusa, the alder spittlebug, is a species of spittlebug in the family Clastopteridae. It is found in North America.

## Subspecies

These three subspecies belong to the species Clastoptera obtusa:
* Clastoptera obtusa borealis Ball
* Clastoptera obtusa obtusa
* Clastoptera obtusa pallida Ball
# Roughback bristle shark

The roughback bristle shark (Dichichthys satoi) is a species of bristle shark of the newly discovered Dichichthyidae family, and was discovered in 2024. The species can reach a length of 1.05 m (3 ft 5 in). The roughback bristle shark lives off the waters of New Zealand, at a depth of between 2,200 and 3,900 ft (670 and 1,190 m).
# Nectopsyche

Nectopsyche is a genus of white millers in the family Leptoceridae. There are at least 70 described species in Nectopsyche.

## Species

These 70 species belong to the genus Nectopsyche (not all listed below):
* Nectopsyche acutiloba Flint, 1974
* Nectopsyche adusta Flint, 1983
* Nectopsyche albida (Walker, 1852)
* Nectopsyche argentata Flint, 1991
* Nectopsyche aureofasciata Flint, 1981
* Nectopsyche aureovittata Flint, 1983
* Nectopsyche bellus (Mueller, 1921)
* Nectopsyche brethesi (Navas, 1920)
* Nectopsyche bruchi (Navas, 1920)
* Nectopsyche brunneofascia Flint, 1983
* Nectopsyche cana (Navas, 1924)
* Nectopsyche candida (Hagen, 1861)
* Nectopsyche cubana (Banks, 1938)
* Nectopsyche diarina (Ross, 1944)
* Nectopsyche diminuta (Banks, 1920)
* Nectopsyche dorsalis (Banks, 1901)
* Nectopsyche exophalma Holzenthal
* Nectopsyche exophthalma Holzenthal, 1995
* Nectopsyche exquisita (Walker, 1852)
* Nectopsyche flavofasciata (Ulmer, 1907)
* Nectopsyche fulva (Navás, 1930)
* Nectopsyche fuscomaculata Flint, 1983
* Nectopsyche gemma (Mueller, 1880)
* Nectopsyche gemmoides Flint, 1981
* Nectopsyche globigona Botosaneanu, 1998
* Nectopsyche gracilis (Banks, 1901)
* Nectopsyche jenseni (Ulmer, 1905)
* Nectopsyche lahontanensis Haddock, 1977
* Nectopsyche lewisi (Flint, 1968)
* Nectopsyche lucipeta (Navas, 1923)
* Nectopsyche maculipennis Flint, 1983
* Nectopsyche minuta (Banks, 1900)
* Nectopsyche modesta (Mueller, 1921)
* Nectopsyche monticola Holzenthal, 1995
* Nectopsyche mouticola Holzenthal
* Nectopsyche muelleri (Ulmer, 1905)
* Nectopsyche muhni (Navas, 1916)
* Nectopsyche multilineata Flint, 1983
* Nectopsyche navasi Holzenthal in Flint, Holzenthal & Harris, 2000
* Nectopsyche nigricapilla (Navas, 1920)
* Nectopsyche nordmani (Klingstedt, 1943)
* Nectopsyche onyx Holzenthal, 1995
* Nectopsyche ortizi Holzenthal, 1995
* Nectopsyche padrenavasi Holzenthal in Flint, Holzenthal & Harris, 2000
* Nectopsyche paludicola Harris, 1986
* Nectopsyche pantosticta Flint, 1983
* Nectopsyche pavida (Hagen, 1861)
* Nectopsyche punctata (Ulmer, 1905)
* Nectopsyche quatuorguttata (Navas, 1922)
* Nectopsyche separata (Banks, 1920)
* Nectopsyche spiloma (Ross, 1944)
* Nectopsyche splendida (Navas, 1917)
* Nectopsyche stigmatica (Banks, 1914)
* Nectopsyche taleola Flint, 1974
* Nectopsyche tapanti Holzenthal, 1995
* Nectopsyche tavara (Ross, 1944)
* Nectopsyche texana (Banks, 1905)
* Nectopsyche thallina (Navas, 1922)
* Nectopsyche tuanis Holzenthal, 1995
* Nectopsyche utleyorum Holzenthal, 1995
# Miguel Camberos

Miguel Camberos (18 June 1905 – 19 May 1992) was a Mexican athlete. He competed in the men's javelin throw at the 1932 Summer Olympics.
# Helga Martin

Helga Martin (real name Helga Dümler; 1940–1999) was a German film actress.

## Life

At the age of 16, she played in German movies for the first time. She impersonated "Frieda" in the movie My Aunt, Your Aunt. She became known at the side of Hans Albers in It Happened Only Once from the year 1958 and in the Schlagerfilm [de] When She Starts, Look Out beside Peter Alexander and Bibi Johns. One of her last appearances was in 1959 with Heinz Erhardt and Grethe Weiser in the comedy Der Haus-Tyrann and in Wolfgang Becker's Der lustige Krieg des Hauptmann Pedro [de]. Will Tremper reported about her in the Stern series Deutschland deine Sternchen, whereupon the film producer Rudolf Kalmowicz [de] prematurely terminated a film contract with her.

## Selected filmography

* The Beautiful Master (1956)
* My Aunt, Your Aunt (1956)
* Banktresor 713 [de] (1957)
* The Schimeck Family (1957)
* Love, Girls and Soldiers (1958)
* It Happened Only Once (1958)
* When She Starts, Look Out(1958)
* Immer die Mädchen [de] (1959)
* A Summer You Will Never Forget (1959)
* The Domestic Tyrant (1959)
* Der lustige Krieg des Hauptmann Pedro [de] (1959)
# Byron McGuigan

Byron McGuigan (born 20 August 1989) is a rugby union outside centre or wing for Scotland in international rugby and for Sale Sharks in the English Premiership. He was born in Walvis Bay – then a South African exclave, but part of modern-day Namibia – and grew up in Cape Town, where he came through the Western Province academy before his first taste of first class rugby with the Border Bulldogs in 2010 and 2011. After a short spell with the Scotland Sevens team, he returned to fifteens rugby, playing for Glasgow Warriors, Bay of Plenty, Exeter Chiefs and Sale Sharks, culminating in a call-up to Scotland in 2017.

## Professional career

He played for Glasgow Warriors in the Pro12 having previously represented the Border Bulldogs in South Africa's Vodacom Cup competition.
It was announced in April 2014 that he had left Glasgow Warriors after 20 appearances and four tries over two seasons.
On 2 November 2014, Aviva Premiership side Exeter Chiefs announced that McGuigan would be joining them for the 2014–15 season on a one-year deal. On 27 July 2016, McGuigan signed a two-year deal with Premiership rivals Sale Sharks from the 2016–17 season.

## International career

McGuigan received his first call up to the senior Scotland squad by coach Gregor Townsend for the Autumn Internationals, making his debut against New Zealand as a second-half replacement. During his full debut the following week, McGuigan scored his first two international tries against Australia.
After a three-year stand-down period from international rugby, it was announced that McGuigan had switched counties to be able to represent the Namibia national team, but was not selected for the 2023 Rugby World Cup squad.

### International tries

    As of 19 November 2021
| Try | Opposing team | Location | Venue | Competition | Date | Result | Score |
| 1 | Australia | Edinburgh, Scotland | Murrayfield Stadium | 2017 end-of-year rugby union internationals | 25 November 2017 | Win | 53 – 24 |
| 2 | Australia | Edinburgh, Scotland | Murrayfield Stadium | 2017 end-of-year rugby union internationals | 25 November 2017 | Win | 53 – 24 |
| 3 | Canada | Edmonton, Canada | Commonwealth Stadium | 2018 June rugby union tests | 9 June 2018 | Win | 10 – 48 |
# Alberto Bremauntz

Alberto Bremauntz Monge (16 January 1936 – 16 December 2006) was a Mexican wrestler who competed in the Greco-Roman style. He participated in the 1972 Olympics in Munich in 1972, where he was eliminated in the second round in the 68 kg class. He lost to Antal Steer of Hungary and Djan-Aka Djan of Afghanistan. Professionally, he was a chemist.

## Sources

* Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Alberto Bremauntz". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 2016-12-02.
* Forjadores de la química en México - Alberto Bremauntz Monge, QuimiNet (in Spanish)
* This biographical article relating to a Mexican sport wrestler or wrestling coach is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Alberto Macías

Alberto Macías Hernández (born 28 December 1969) is a Mexican former professional footballer who played as a defender.
A tall center back nicknamed "El Flaco," Macías spent most of his career at Toluca after breaking into the team in 1991. He became a starter in 1992 and, after playing infrequently the next three years, returned to the starting lineup in 1996. Playing alongside teammates such as Salvador Carmona under the guidance of coach Enrique Meza, Macías formed a key part of the defensive line that helped Toluca to league titles in the Verano 1998, Verano 1999, and Verano 2000 seasons. He also provided a strong threat in the air, scoring 11 total goals in the three championship campaigns. In 2000, he moved to Cruz Azul, later playing for Club América, Atlas, Atlante, and San Luis. The Clausura 2004 campaign, with San Luis, was the last for Macías in the Mexican top flight.
Macías was a member of the Mexico national football team competing at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain, appearing in all three matches. He also earned four caps for the national A-side, making his debut on November 15, 2000, in a World Cup qualifying match against Canada, substituting Ramón Ramírez in the 76th minute. With former Toluca coach Meza at the helm, Macías got an opportunity with the full national team, but the rise of young Rafael Márquez to join veteran Claudio Suárez in central defense made his task difficult. Macías earned his final cap on February 28, 2001, in a 2–0 loss to the United States to begin the final round of qualifiers for the 2002 FIFA World Cup.
# Alfredo Grisi

Alfredo Grisi Solórzano (31 July 1900 – 7 July 1978) was a Mexican fencer. He competed in the individual foil event at the 1948 Summer Olympics.
# Gabriela Pedrali

Gabriela Pedrali (born 2 February 1964) is an Argentine politician who is a member of the Chamber of Deputies of Argentina.

## Biography

Pedrali was elected in 2021. She was married to Ricardo Quintela, the governor of La Rioja Province, and is the mother of five children.

## Electoral history

Electoral history of Gabriela Pedrali :
| Election | Office | List | List | # | District | Votes | Votes | Votes | Result | Ref. |
| Election | Office | List | List | # | District | Total | % | P. | Result | Ref. |
| 2021 | National Deputy | | Frente de Todos | 1 | La Rioja | 100,055 | 56.16% | 1st | Elected | |
* ↑ Presented on an electoral list. The data shown represents the share of the vote the entire party/alliance received in that constituency.
# Alonso Mariscal

Alonso Mariscal Abascal (25 January 1914 – 31 January 1959) was a Mexican diver. He competed in the men's 3 metre springboard event at the 1932 Summer Olympics. He is the brother of Olympic divers Antonio Mariscal, Federico Mariscal, and Diego Mariscal.
# Rod Latham

Rodney Terry Latham (born 12 June 1961) is a former New Zealand cricketer. He played domestic cricket for Canterbury, and played four Tests and 33 One Day Internationals for New Zealand. He also played rugby union for Canterbury. He was born in Christchurch.
As a cricketer, he was an all rounder whose bowling style suited mostly to one-day cricket. He opened for New Zealand in the 1992 World Cup tournament. Latham played in four Test matches, scoring his only century (119) against Zimbabwe at Bulawayo in 1992.
Latham's son Wicketkeeper-Batsmen Tom Latham has played cricket for New Zealand in all forms of the game.

## Rugby career

Latham played as a first five-eighth or fullback for the Linwood club and for the Canterbury representative team between 1980 and 1985.
Latham was selected for the New Zealand Juniors in 1980 and the New Zealand Colts in 1981.

## Cricket career

Latham made his international debut on 1 December 1990 when he played against England in Adelaide as part of the tri-nation series which featured Australia. On debut, he scored 27 runs which featured two fours in his short innings. This was followed by a 36* against Australia at the same venue the following day. After getting out early in his next three matches, he contributed a strong hitting 38 from 44 balls against Australia in Bellerive Oval to help New Zealand reach 194 and later win the match.
Latham made his test debut on the 6 February 1992 against England in Wellington after New Zealand was reduced to three front-line seamers after an injury to fellow player Willie Watson meant that New Zealand had no suitable replacements. On his test debut, he would score 25 runs as the match was drawn. He was later selected to be part of the New Zealand ODI squad where he recorded figures of 3/25 from his eight overs in the second ODI against England in Dunedin.
After being selected for the 1992 Cricket World Cup, Latham scored 136 runs from seven innings which included his highest ODI score of 60 against South Africa on the 29 February 1992 in Auckland as he aided in a 114-run opening partnership to get the victory. In October 1992, he was selected to be a part of the tour of Zimbabwe where he scored his only international century in the first test, top scoring with 115 in the first innings as New Zealand won the series 1-0 before the ODI series went 2–0 in favor of New Zealand. He would play his last test match at the start of 1993 with Latham only scoring two runs in a defeat to Pakistan at Hamilton.
In the last ODI of the 1993 Australian series, he recorded his only five-wicket haul in international cricket when he took 5/32 from his ten overs in a three-run defeat which saw Australia win the series 3–2. His last international tour would be the tri-nation series in Australia where he only scored 68 runs from his six matches.
# Toyota South Africa Motors

Toyota South Africa Motors (Proprietary) Limited (TSAM) is an automobile manufacturer that is a subsidiary of Toyota based in Prospecton, South Africa.

## History

In 1959, the first Toyota model, a Land Cruiser, was exported to South Africa, followed two years later by ten units of the Stout.
Production of Toyota models at Motor Assemblies began in 1962 or 1963. At the end of 1964, the sales organisation Toyota SA, which had been founded three years earlier, took over the majority of Motor Assemblies.
In 1978, TSAM finally acquired 100% of the shares in Motor Assemblies.
The Japanese Toyota Motor Corporation initially acquired 27.8% of the shares in TSAM in 1996, increased this share to 75% in 2002 and finally to 100% in 2009.
In 2006, Toyota SA surpassed BMW South Africa as the country's largest automobile exporter.
In 2014, Toyota had 8,500 employees in South Africa.

## Models

At Motor Assemblies, Toyota platform trucks such as the Toyopet Stout were initially produced. From 1966, the Corona was also produced, which is the first passenger car produced under the Toyota brand. In November 1966, the engine production began.
The Hilux has been manufactured in South Africa since 1970, and Hino commercial vehicles have also been produced since 1974. In May 1975, the production of the Corolla began.
The following models manufactured by TSAM are also exported: the Corolla to Australia since 2003 and Europe since 2007 and the Hilux bakkie to Europe and the rest of Africa since 2005.
With the Toyota Conquest or Tazz, TSAM followed a similar approach (long construction time of an outdated model, relatively little model maintenance) to Volkswagen with the Citi Golf and Nissan South Africa with the Nissan 1400. The model was sold as the Conquest from 1986 and the Tazz from 1996 to 2006. But from 1996 to 2006, 207,169 units of the TSAM Tazz have been sold and it was the market leader in its class in this period of eight out of eleven years. Successors of the smaller Tazz are the Aygo and the Etios.
The one millionth Corolla was manufactured in South Africa in 2013.
In 2014, the Hilux, Fortuner, all Hino models and Ses'fikile taxis were produced from kits at the Toyota plant in Prospecton near Durban.
In Q4 2021, Toyota started assembling the Corolla Cross in South Africa.
# Paulo Pérez

Paulo César Pérez (born 18 November 1976) is an Argentine former professional footballer who played as a defender.
# Volvatella

Volvatella is a genus of sea snails, bubble snails, a marine gastropod sacoglossan mollusk in the family Volvatellidae.

## Species

Species within the genus Volvatella include:
* Volvatella angeliniana Ichikawa, 1993
* Volvatella australis Jensen, 1997
* Volvatella ayakii Hamatani, 1972
* Volvatella bermudae K.B. Clark, 1982
* Volvatella candida Pease, 1868
* Volvatella cincta G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1869
* Volvatella elioti (Evans, 1950)
* Volvatella evansi (Kay, 1961)
* Volvatella ficula Burn, 1966
* Volvatella fragilis Pease, 1860
* Volvatella kawamurai Habe, 1946
* Volvatella laguncula G.B. Sowerby III, 1894
* Volvatella omega (Melvill, 1918)
* Volvatella pyriformis Pease, 1868
* Volvatella ventricosa Jensen & Wells, 1990
* Volvatella vigourouxi (Montrouzier, 1861)
* Volvatella viridis Hamatani, 1976
# Malcolm Donald

Malcolm Donald (1877–1949) was an American lawyer, eugenicist, white nationalist, and a founder of the Pioneer Fund.

## Life and career

He graduated Harvard College (where he played football) and Harvard Law School. He was an editor of Harvard Law Review. He worked at Boston law firms Gaston Snow and Herrick, Smith, & Donald. He served in the War Department during World War I. Following the war, Donald was named Vice President of the Harvard alumni club. He later became a trustee of the Roxbury Latin School.
Historian William H. Tucker has documented Donald's involvement in the Pioneer Fund.
Pioneer Fund principal benefactor Wickliffe Draper chose Donald as treasurer in 1937. Donald was one of Boston's leading attorneys and a long-time trusted friend of the family. The two men had been named as executors of George Draper's will. Donald was trustee of the Draper family fortune, should neither Draper nor his sister outlive their father. Even before the fund's creation, Donald had managed Draper's finances. Donald got a ruling from the federal Treasury Department that the Pioneer Fund was tax-deductible, so Draper's contributions to the fund would be deductible from his own income tax.
Donald did not play a substantive role in the policies or practices of the Pioneer Fund. Donald explained in a letter to Frederick Osborn that Draper was interested not in science but in policy; he wanted "to do something practical," such as "moving the colored race to Liberia" or "strengthening State laws to prevent the unfit from producing children." He was "not ... concerned with research in human genetics since he felt that enough was known on the subject and that the important thing was to have something done." And in personal discussion with Osborn, Draper's list of priorities included not only "colonization of the colored minorities" but also the "reconstruction of American political parties."
# Haplaner

Haplaner is a genus in the beetle family Carabidae. There are at least two described species in Haplaner.

## Species

These two species belong to the genus Haplaner:
* Haplaner insulicola Blackburn, 1901 (Australia)
* Haplaner velox (Laporte, 1867) (Australia)
# Ashtarjan Rural District

Ashtarjan Rural District (Persian: دهستان اشترجان) is in the Central District of Falavarjan County, Isfahan province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Ashtarjan.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 13,958 in 3,606 households. There were 14,637 inhabitants in 4,284 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 23,214 in 7,318 households. The most populous of its 25 villages was Bostan (now the city of Bostan Zar), with 5,309 people.
# Nicolás Navarro (Mexican footballer)

Nicolás Navarro (born 17 September 1963) is a Mexican former footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

## Club career

Navarro made over 400 appearances as goalkeeper for Necaxa, remaining with the club during its rise to the top of the Mexico league in the mid-1990s. He made his debut during the 1983–84 season, emerging as starting goalkeeper after the departure of Adrián Chávez in 1985. During the next decade, he served as Necaxa's number-one keeper, including the championship seasons of 1994–95 and 1995–96. Navarro departed for Cruz Azul for the Invierno 1997 campaign and won a third championship, but played sparingly and did not appear in the final as the young Óscar Pérez became the preferred starter. He left for promoted Pachuca in 1998, again spending much of his time on the bench, before returning to Necaxa for the concluding years of his career. He completed his last top-flight season in 2003 with Necaxa at the age of 39.

## International career

Navarro also earned three caps with the Mexico national team. He was an unused substitute at the 1993 Copa America, in which Mexico finished second, but did not make his international debut until a 5–1 victory over Hungary on 14 December 1994. He was also a member of the first international squads called up by Bora Milutinovic during his second stint in charge of Mexico, and was a member of the Mexican sides that took part at the 1995 King Fahd Cup and the 1995 Copa América. Navarro's final international appearance came in a 4–1 home loss to Yugoslavia in Monterrey on 15 November 1995.
He played in the 1983 FIFA U-20 World Cup, in which Mexico national team was eliminated in Round One, having drawn with Australia but lost to Scotland and South Korea. Navarro, as goalkeeper, conceded four goals in the competition.
# Omar Arellano (footballer, born 1967)

Omar Arellano Nuño (born 29 May 1967) is a Mexican former professional footballer who played as a midfielder and current manager. He played for Tigres UANL during the 1995-96 season.
As of April 2009 he was the manager at Chivas Guadalajara, and he managed Necaxa in 2010.
# Methanedisulfonic acid

Methanedisulfonic acid is the organosulfur compound with the formula CH$_2$(SO$_3$H)$_2$. It is the disulfonic acid of methane. It is prepared by treatment of methanesulfonic acid with oleum. Its acid strength (pK$_a$) is comparable to that of sulfuric acid.

## History and synthesis

The acid was first unknowingly prepared in 1833 by Gustav Magnus as a decomposition product of ethanedisulfonic acid during early attempts to synthesize diethyl ether from ethanol and anhydrous sulfuric acid by Magnus. Early investigations focused on ether production from alcohols and strong anhydrous acids. Liebig provided a detailed overview of the various sulfonic acids obtained from these reactions, and introduced the name "ethionic acid" for the sulfooxyethanesulfonic acid previously termed "Weinschwefelsäure". Josef Redtenbacher subsequently analyzed the barium salt of MDA and coined the name (still occasionally used) methionic acid, following Liebig's convention.
In 1856, Adolph Strecker analyzed various methionate salts and improved the synthesis from ether and anhydrous sulfuric acid by trapping evolving gases within the reaction vessel to maximize conversion. The same year, Buckton and Hofmann discovered a synthesis reaction from acetonitrile or acetamide with fuming sulfuric acid but didn't identify their product, designating it methylotetrasulphuric acid.
Georg Schroeter [de] developed another method in 1897, treating acetylene with fuming sulfuric acid to obtain acetaldehyde disulfonic acids, which he then decomposed to methionic acid upon boiling in alkaline solution.
C$_2$H$_2$ + H$_2$SO$_4$ → CH$_3$CH(SO$_3$H)$_2$
However, all these early synthetic routes suffered from numerous byproducts. A higher-yielding synthesis was introduced by Hilmar Johannes Backer [nl] in 1929, treating dichloromethane (CH$_2$Cl$_2$) with potassium sulfite under hydrothermal conditions to get a methionate salt.
CH$_2$Cl$_2$ + 2 K$_2$SO$_3$ → CH$_2$(SO$_3$K)$_2$ + 2 KCl