# Cahul

Cahul (Romanian pronunciation:; also known by alternative names) is a city and municipality in southern Moldova. The city is the administrative center of Cahul District; it also administers one village, Cotihana. As of 2014 census, the city has a population of 30,018.

## Etymology and names

The city of Cahul (Russian: Кагул, romanized: Kagul, Bulgarian: Кахул, romanized: Kahul) is believed to have been inhabited for many centuries, although it has had a number of different names over the years – the name Scheia (Old Romanian for "Bulgarian") was recorded in 1502, and the name Frumoasa ("Beautiful" in Romanian) was recorded in 1716. The modern name was given to the settlement after the Battle of Kagul, which was fought nearby.

## History

The city's location had made it a frequent battleground for a number of armies, with possession of frequently switching between countries such as Principality of Moldavia, Russian Empire, Ottoman Empire.
The city was a part of Moldavia before 1812, then Russia from 1812 to 1856, then again Moldavia/Romanian Principalities (1856–1878), then Russia again (1878–1918), then Romania again (1918–1940), then the Soviet Union (1940–1941), then Romania again (1941–1944), the Soviet Union again (1944–1991) and finally Moldova (1991 to the present).
Apart from the battles that have been fought over it, Cahul is also known for its thermal spas and for its folk music.

## Demographics

According to the 2014 census, the population of Cahul amounted to 30,018 inhabitants (making it the seventh largest city in Moldova), a decrease compared to the previous census in 2004, when 36,805 inhabitants were registered. Of these, 13,951 were men and 16,067 were women.
Ethnic composition of Cahul (2014)
    Linguistic composition of Cahul (2014)
Footnotes:
* There is an ongoing controversy regarding the ethnic identification of Moldovans and Romanians.
* Moldovan language is one of the two local names for the Romanian language in Moldova. In 2013, the Constitutional Court of Moldova interpreted that Article 13 of the constitution is superseded by the Declaration of Independence, thus giving official status to the name Romanian.
As of 1920, the population was estimated to be 12,000. Groups settled in the area included Romanians, Jews, Germans, Bulgarians, and Greeks.

## Culture

Cahul is home to the Cahul Musical-Drama Theatre, Cahul History Museum, and other public institutions and monuments. Every two years, at the beginning of July, in Cahul takes place an important folk music festival, "Nufărul Alb" ("White waterlilies").

### Media

* Ziuadeazi.md
* dincahul.md

### Tourism

Cahul is also a destination as spa and health resort. The city and surrounding areas are richest with mineral springs enriched with bromine and iodine. The "Nufărul Alb" Balneotherapy and Well-being Centre consists of hospital, hotel and entertaining spots. Cahul has a tourist information point located at the Piata Horelor.

## Education

Cahul is home to the State University of Cahul, opened in 1999 and named after Romanian writer and philologist Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu. The university is made up of 3 faculties (Philology – History, Law – Public Administration and Business – Computer Science – Mathematics) with around 2,150 students.

## Sport

The city has the team of FC Cahul-2005 who play in Moldovan "A" Division. The club has won the Divizia B four times, in 2006–07, 2012–13, 2014–15 and 2016–17. In the city plays also the club FC Speranța Crihana Veche.

## Climate

Cahul has a humid continental-type climate (Köppen climate classification "Dfa" – hot-summer subtype) with four distinct seasons. Average monthly precipitation ranges from about 28 mm (1.1 in) in October to 76 mm (3 in) in June.
Climate data for Cahul, Moldova (1991–2020) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 1.4 (34.5) | 4.2 (39.6) | 10.0 (50.0) | 16.7 (62.1) | 22.5 (72.5) | 26.4 (79.5) | 28.9 (84.0) | 28.9 (84.0) | 23.2 (73.8) | 16.2 (61.2) | 9.1 (48.4) | 3.0 (37.4) | 15.9 (60.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.6 (29.1) | 0.3 (32.5) | 5.0 (41.0) | 11.0 (51.8) | 16.7 (62.1) | 20.7 (69.3) | 23.0 (73.4) | 22.8 (73.0) | 17.4 (63.3) | 11.3 (52.3) | 5.4 (41.7) | 0.0 (32.0) | 11.0 (51.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4.2 (24.4) | −2.8 (27.0) | 1.1 (34.0) | 6.2 (43.2) | 11.6 (52.9) | 15.6 (60.1) | 17.7 (63.9) | 17.3 (63.1) | 12.5 (54.5) | 7.4 (45.3) | 2.6 (36.7) | −2.5 (27.5) | 6.9 (44.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 28 (1.1) | 25 (1.0) | 31 (1.2) | 39 (1.5) | 51 (2.0) | 68 (2.7) | 59 (2.3) | 46 (1.8) | 51 (2.0) | 46 (1.8) | 35 (1.4) | 36 (1.4) | 516 (20.3) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 6 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 69 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 82 | 111 | 160 | 208 | 273 | 299 | 325 | 304 | 228 | 168 | 91 | 78 | 2,323 |
| Source: NOAA ||||||||||||||

## Transport
### Road

Cahul is connected by national roads with Chișinău, Giurgiulești, Oancea (Romania) and Reni (Ukraine). Cahul is also a border checkpoint to Romania.

### Rail

The railway station serves the city and is operated by Moldovan Railways. It provides direct rail connections to Chișinău.

### Air

The city is served by the Cahul International Airport located 8 km south-east of the city centre. Currently, the airport has no scheduled flights.

## Twin towns – sister cities

Cahul is twinned with:
* Medgidia, Romania
* Vaslui, Romania

## Consulates in Cahul

In Cahul is located one of the two Consulates General of Romania in Moldova. On 2 November 2009 the President of Romania Traian Băsescu has signed the decrees on opening of Romanian general consulat in Cahul. "The opening of the Romanian consulates in Bălți and Cahul will be beneficial for the Moldovan people, who have encountered economic and time-related problems as they have to travel to the consulate in Chișinău," Moldova's Foreign Minister Iurie Leancă said, commenting on the Băsescu's decree.
Romania asked the approval for the opening of the consulate as early as in 2006, in order to easy thus the process of granting visas to the Moldovan citizens more easily, after Romania's accession with the European Union on 1 January 2007. Initially, the communist authorities in Chişinău gave their approval for the opening of the two consular offices, but they later came with the condition Romania to accept two consular offices of the Republic of Moldova on its territory too, in Iaşi and Constanţa. Moreover, the former communist rule in Chişinău conditioned the signing of the small border traffic agreement on the signing of the Basic Political Treaty between the two countries and also of the agreement referring to the delimitation of the border.
On 28 January 2010, Traian Băsescu visited the future headquarters of the Romanian consulate in Cahul. Speaking about the opening of the two Romanian consulates in Bălți and Cahul, Băsescu said that the consulate in Cahul could be opened in 2–3 weeks.
The consulate has 17 employees: Consul General, two consuls, two main consular officers, six major referers, two drivers, two skilled workers and two guards. The Consul General is Ms. Anca Corfu.

## Notable people

* Alexandru Cecal (1940-2021), chemist and professor at Alexandru Ioan Cuza University
* Vika Jigulina, Moldovan-Romanian record producer, singer, and disc jockey.