OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cheng Yi (philosopher)

Cheng Yi (1033–1107), also known by various other names and romanizations, was a Chinese classicist, essayist, philosopher, and politician of the Song Dynasty. He worked with his older brother Cheng Hao. Like his brother, he was a student of Zhou Dunyi, a friend of Shao Yong, and a nephew of Zhang Zai. The five of them along with Sima Guang are called the Six Great Masters by his follower Zhu Xi. He became a prominent figure in neo-Confucianism, and the philosophy of Cheng Yi, Cheng Hao and Zhu Xi is referred to as the Cheng–Zhu school or the Rationalistic School.

## Life

Cheng was born in Luoyang, Henan in 1033. Cheng entered the national university in 1056, and received the "presented scholar" degree in 1059. He lived and taught in Luoyang, and declined numerous appointments to high offices. He campaigned against the reformist policies of Wang Anshi, and after the reformers were dismissed from office, he was appointed expositor-in-waiting in 1086 to begin lecturing the emperor on Confucianism. He was more aggressive and obstinate than his brother, and made several enemies, including Su Shi, the leader of the Sichuan group. In 1097, his enemies were able to ban his teachings, confiscate his properties, and banish him. He was pardoned three years later, but was blacklisted and again his work was banned in 1103. He was finally pardoned in 1106, one year before his death.
In 1452 the title Wujing Boshi (五經博士) was bestowed upon the descendants of Cheng Yi and other Confucian sages such as Mencius, Zengzi, Zhou Dunyi, and Zhu Xi.
A well known chengyu 程門立雪 refers to an incident when two men (Yang Shi and You Zuo) requesting to be taken on as his disciples stood in the snow for hours at his door and became renowned examples of the Confucian virtues of devotion to learning and respect for one's master.
Cheng Yi is widely believed to be responsible for the rise of the cult of widow chastity. He argued that it would be improper for a man to marry a widow since she had lost her integrity. On the question of widows who had become impoverished due to the death of their husbands, Cheng stated: "To starve to death is a small matter, but to lose one's chastity is a great matter." (餓死事小，失節事大). The practice of widow chastity that became common in the Ming and Qing dynasty would lead to hardship and loneliness for many widows, as well as a dramatic increase in suicides by widows during the Ming era.
# Carlos Muñoz (Mexican footballer)

Carlos Eduardo Muñoz Remolina (born 8 September 1959), popularly nicknamed "El Internacional" (The International), “El Pierna Fuerte” (The Strong Leg), “El Tigre Mayor” (The Chief Tiger), and “Carlitos", is a Mexican former professional footballer, who played as a midfielder and was also a member of the Mexico national team (Spanish: Selección de fútbol de México). Muñoz was the assistant manager at Tigres UANL for 11 years.

## Personal life

His personal life is always in order and as an example, he was an Industrial Engineer and Christian, Carlos Reinoso has repeatedly expressed his gratitude to Muñoz, at a very difficult stage of his life, supported and persuaded him to become a Christian, which helped him much.

## Playing career

Carlos Muñoz arrived at Tigres de la UANL in the 1982-1983 season. He was considered one of the best midfielders in Mexico, and remained there until the arrival of Carlos de los Cobos, who began to take his place for the Mexico national team in 1995. A reference, a symbol, an icon, an asset, a franchise player, who defended the colors of Tigres de la UANL in all areas and all forms, Muñoz was respected by his peers and feared by his rivals.

### Mexico

Muñoz began his international career playing in the 1981 FIFA World Youth Championship in Australia, where Mexico national team finished third in their group. Muñoz played in all three matches 0-1 West Germany national team, 1-1 Spain U-20 national team, and 3-3 Egypt U-20 national team).
Muñoz played in the 1986 FIFA World Cup for Mexico national team, facing Belgium national team and Paraguay national team in Group B. Muñoz also played in the Round of 16 match against Bulgaria national team where Mexico won 2-0. His last match of the World Cup was against West Germany national team where Mexico national team fell 4-1 in penalties in the quarter-finals.

## Career statistics
### International goals

| # | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | October 31, 1984 | Uruguay | Uruguay | 1–1 | Draw | Friendly |
| 2. | January 17, 1990 | United States | Argentina | 2–0 | Win | Friendly |

## Management career

After retiring as a player, he took up managing, becoming the assistant manager for Tigres de la UANL in 1998 and remaining there until 2009.
# Rafael Cámara

Rafael Leonardo Cámara Anaya (6 November 1904–14 April 1969) was a Mexican fencer. He competed in the individual sabre event at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Brachychiton spectabilis

Brachychiton spectabilis is a tree of the genus Brachychiton found in northern Australia. It was first described by Gordon Guymer in 1988.
# Zeno Fernández

Zeno Fernández (25 June 1940 – 7 May 2016) was a Mexican field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
# Tupapa–Maraerenga

Tupapa–Maraerenga is a Cook Islands electoral division returning one member to the Cook Islands Parliament.
The electorate was created in 1981, when the Constitution Amendment (No. 9) Act 1980–1981 adjusted electorate boundaries and split the electorate of Takitumu into three. It consists of the tapere of Ngatipa, Vaikai, Tapae-i-Uta, Pue, Punataia, Kiikii and Tupapa on the island of Rarotonga.

## Members of Parliament

| Election | Member | Party |
| 1994, 1999, 2004 | Tupou Faireka | Cook Islands Party |
| 2006 | John Tangi | Democratic Party |
| 2010, | George Angene | Cook Islands Party |
| 2014, 2018 | George Angene | Democratic Party |
# Jacopo del Cassero

Jacopo del Cassero (Fano, c. 1260 - Oriago, 1298) was a magistrate and condottiero from late medieval Italy. He appears as a character in Dante Alighieri's Purgatorio.

## Life

Jacopo del Cassero was born in Fano around 1260. He was the son of Uguccione and was part of the powerful Guelph family of Berarda. He was a Guelph magistrate of Fano, and between 1288 and 1289 he participated with the Guelphs of the Marche region allied with Florence in the Battle of Campaldino against the Ghibellines of Arezzo. Here is where he probably met Dante.
Jacopo defended Bologna, a city of which he was mayor from 1296 to 1297, from the expansionist aims of Azzo VIII d'Este, lord of Ferrara. In 1298, Jacopo was elected mayor of Milan, and to reach the city he prudently decided to pass through Venice by sea and continue by land, thus avoiding the territories of the Este family. Despite this, while he was in Padua on the banks of the Brenta, near the marshes that surrounded the castle of Oriago, he was reached by assassins sent by Azzo VIII and was wounded in the leg and groin. He sought shelter in a swamp where he bled to death.
Today his remains rest in the Church of San Pietro in Episcopio in Fano after being kept until 1994 at the Church of San Domenico under the protection of the Madonna del Latte.

## In Dante's Divine Comedy

Jacopo del Cassero appears as a character in the Divine Comedy, composed between 1308 and 1321, where he is featured in canto 5 of Purgatorio alongside Pia de' Tolomei and Bonconte da Montefeltro.
Dante the pilgrim meets Jacopo among the souls who were victims of violent deaths and repented for their sins in the very last moments of their lives. When these souls first take notice of the pilgrim, they are amazed by his mortal status, and thus flock around him to tell him of their stories. When Jacopo steps forward, he asks Dante to make the truth known to his relatives so that they pray for him and thus his time spent in Ante-Purgatory is shortened. He then proceeded to tell the pilgrim of the moment of his death.
# Central Procurement Technical Unit

The Central Procurement Technical Unit (Bengali: সেন্ট্রাল প্রকিউরমেন্ট টেকনিক্যাল ইউনিট) is a Bangladesh government agency under the Ministry of Planning responsible for managing procurement by government bodies. Md. Ali Noor is the director general of this unit.

## History

The Central Procurement Technical Unit was established in April 2002 by the government of Bangladesh. It was placed under the Implementation Monitoring and Evaluation Division of the Ministry of Planning.
# Ronald Strahan

Ronald Strahan AM (1922–2010) was a zoologist, historian and author of works on the fauna of Australia.
Strahan graduated from the University of Western Australia in 1947, furthering his studies at Oxford and other universities in Hong Kong and New South Wales. He became director of Taronga Zoo in 1967 and joined the staff of the Australian Museum in 1974.
He was the editor of major publications assembled by museum, and extensively involved in oversight of the National Photographic Index of Australian Wildlife which included The Complete Book of Australian Birds and The Complete Book of Australian Mammals. Strahan also created travelling exhibitions, and wrote a series of essays on the history and work of the Australian Museum, Rare and Curious Specimens. His own publications include works on Australian fauna, and his instigated a major collection of bird song at the Australian Museum.
Strahan's second marriage was to the wildlife artist Pamela Conder.
In the 1994 Queen's Birthday Honours Strahan was made a Member of the Order of Australia for "service to zoology and to advancing understanding of Australia's natural biological heritage".

## Taxon named in his honor

* The hooded carpetshark Hemiscyllium strahani Whitley, 1967 is a bamboo shark in the family Hemiscylliidae found around Papua New Guinea, between latitudes 5° S and 10° S, and longitude 144° E and 153° E.
# .22 PPC

The .22 PPC / 5.7x38mm is a centerfire rifle cartridge developed in 1974 by Dr. Louis Palmisano and Ferris Pindell, primarily as a benchrest cartridge. The cartridge is based on the 5.6×39mm (.220 Russian) case which is a necked-down version of the 7.62×39mm Soviet military cartridge. Several companies have made custom guns in this caliber, however no major companies did until 1993, when Ruger announced their No. 1 V and M77 varmint rifles in this caliber.

## Changes from the .220 Russian cartridge

The changes from the .220 Russian into the .22 PPC include a 10-degree body taper and 30-degree shoulder angle, as well as expanding the neck to accept the standard .224 inches (5.7 mm) diameter bullet used in the U.S. Cases are made in Finland by Sako or in Sweden by Norma and use Small Rifle primers. Although the .22 PPC is a short, rather stubby case (only 1.51 inches (38 mm) long), it nevertheless develops ballistics superior to some larger, longer cartridges such as the .222 and .223 Remington. The 52-grain bullet can be pushed out of the muzzle at over 3,500 feet per second (1,100 m/s), placing the .22 PPC in the varmint and small game class. A 1 in 14-inch (1 in 355 mm) twist has become pretty much standard for these rifles although 1 in 12-inch (1 in 305 mm) twist will sometimes be found, depending on the load and bullet weight.
# Fumio Kyūma

Fumio Kyūma (久間 章生, Kyūma Fumio, born 4 December 1940) is a Japanese politician who was a member of the Diet of Japan between 1980 and 2009. Kyuma graduated from the University of Tokyo in 1964 and worked for the Ministry of Agriculture. He was elected to the Nagasaki Prefectural Assembly in 1971 serving three terms before being elected to the Diet as a member of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) for Nagasaki Number 2.

## Defense Minister

Kyūma served as the Director General of the Japan Defense Agency from 1996 to 1998 under then Prime Minister Ryutaro Hashimoto. He served in a variety of LDP posts in Jun'ichirō Koizumi's cabinet. He again became responsible for Director General of the Japan Defense Agency in September 2006. He would be the last head of the JDA before the Ministry of Defense was created for which he was the first holder of the title.

### Controversial remarks

In September 2006, shortly after he was appointed Defense Minister, Kyūma stated that the Chinese military was a concern, contradicting earlier comments that he had made referring to China's military as a threat.
In December 2006, Kyūma claimed that although former Prime Minister Jun'ichirō Koizumi supported the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq, the invasion did not have the official support of the Japanese government. He later had to withdraw his remarks, admitting that the Japanese "Cabinet officially adopted a unified view supporting the U.S.-led war." On 24 January 2007 he said that the U.S. decision to invade Iraq was a mistake.
In January 2007 he criticized the United States over not getting the approval of Okinawa's governor during efforts to relocate the Marine Corps Air Station Futenma. The base and its relocation has been a source of friction between the residents of Okinawa and the U.S. government.

### Resignation

Kyūma resigned as Defense Minister on 3 July 2007 for remarks made at Reitaku University in Kashiwa, Chiba Prefecture on 30 June. In this speech, he stated "I now have come to accept in my mind that in order to end the war, it could not be helped that an atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki and that countless numbers of people suffered great tragedy." He appeared on a Fuji TV morning news show on 1 July, saying he did not think an apology would be necessary, but he apologized later the same day. When this would not calm the critics, Kyūma finally submitted his resignation on 3 July. Asked about the reason for his resignation, Kyūma is quoted as saying that he did not want his comments to become a "minus" for the Prime Minister. Yuriko Koike was appointed his successor the same day.

## Honours

From the Japanese Wikipedia
* Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (29 April 2013)
# Dana Mathewson

Dana Mathewson (born December 19, 1990) is an American former professional wheelchair tennis player. Mathewson won a Grand Slam tournament title in doubles (with Japanese doubles partner Yui Kamiji) at the 2022 Wimbledon Championships which made her the first American woman to win a Major wheelchair tennis title. She retired from professional wheelchair tennis in November 2024.
# Alicia Rhett

Mary Alicia Rhett (February 1, 1915 – January 3, 2014) was an American actress and portrait painter who is best remembered for her role as India Wilkes in the 1939 epic film Gone with the Wind. At the time of her death, Rhett was one of the oldest surviving credited cast members of the movie.

## Early years

Rhett was born in 1915 in Savannah, Georgia to Isobel Murdoch, an immigrant from Liverpool, England, and Edmund M. Rhett, an American army officer and engineer based in Savannah. Her grandfather was Col. Alfred Moore Rhett, the commander of the 1st South Carolina Artillery for most of the civil war, and her great-grandfather was Robert Barnwell Rhett, Alfred Rhett's father. After her father's death during World War I, Alicia and her mother moved to Charleston, South Carolina. Rhett became a theatre actress in Charleston. A newspaper article in 1939 quoted a Selznick International Pictures news release as saying that Rhett Butler's first name was chosen by Margaret Mitchell because "Since earliest Colonial days, the Rhett family has occupied a prominent position in the South generally, and, more particularly, in and around Charleston, S.C."
Alicia Rhett graduated from Memminger High School in Charleston.

## Gone with the Wind

During a performance of The Recruiting Officer in 1936, Rhett was spotted by Hollywood director George Cukor, who was impressed by her charm and beauty. The director was scouting for an actress to play the role of Scarlett O'Hara after producer David Selznick purchased the film rights to the Margaret Mitchell novel. Previously, she had been suggested by talent scout Kay Brown as a possible Southern belle for the film.
Rhett auditioned for the part of Melanie Hamilton, but the role went instead to Olivia de Havilland. In March 1937, Cukor offered Rhett the role of India Wilkes, sister of Ashley Wilkes. After the success of Gone with the Wind, Rhett left Hollywood and returned to South Carolina and retired from filmmaking in 1941, citing a lack of suitable roles. Rhett later became an accent coach for aspiring actors and a radio announcer at station WTMA in Charleston.

## Portrait painter

Prior to appearing in Gone with the Wind, Rhett showed talent as a sketch artist and portrait painter. Between takes on Gone with the Wind, she made sketches and drawings of her fellow actors. Soon, Rhett was creating portraits of American servicemen in the Charleston vicinity.

## Death

Rhett died at age 98 of natural causes on January 3, 2014, at Bishop Gadsden Episcopal Retirement Community in her longtime hometown of Charleston, South Carolina. In her obituaries, Rhett was cited as having been "the oldest living actor from Gone With the Wind", being 17 months older than Dame Olivia de Havilland.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1939 | Gone with the Wind | India Wilkes - John Wilkes' Daughter | |
# Ayyappankave

Ayyappankave is a village in the Palakkad district, Kerala, India. The village is about 20 kilometers from Palakkad.
# Rebecca (raccoon)

Rebecca was a raccoon kept as a pet by US president Calvin Coolidge and First Lady Grace Coolidge.
Rebecca came from Mississippi. She had been sent to the White House to be served for the 1926 Thanksgiving dinner. Since the 1913 death of Horace Vose, the traditional provider of the White House Thanksgiving turkey, numerous farmers had been angling to provide the President's Thanksgiving meal, and despite Coolidge's requests to stop the practice in 1923, the unsolicited gifts continued and became increasingly unusual, with the live raccoon being the furthest out of the ordinary fare. Coolidge, who had never eaten raccoon and had no appetite to try it, kept Rebecca as a pet instead.
For Christmas, an embroidered collar was made for Rebecca, inscribed with the title "White House Raccoon". She enjoyed participating in the annual White House Easter egg roll. She was fed shrimp and persimmons, and eggs were a favorite. Rebecca was let loose in the White House and walked on a leash outdoors. At times, she could be mischievous and was known to unscrew lightbulbs, open cabinets, and unpot houseplants. She was known to nestle in Coolidge's lap when he sat by the fireplace.
As First Lady Grace wrote:
   We had a house made for her in one of the large trees, with a wire fence built around it for protection. We kept her chained when out of doors, but in the house she had her liberty. She was a mischievous, inquisitive party and we had to keep watch of her when she was in the house. She enjoyed nothing better than being placed in a bathtub with a little water in it and given a cake of soap with which to play. In this fashion she would amuse herself for an hour or more.
As a companion for Rebecca, Reuben, a male raccoon, was acquired by a White House police officer. However, Rebecca and Reuben did not get along. Reuben frequently escaped, being recovered by White House staff; one such instance created a traffic jam. He ultimately disappeared without a trace. Grace Coolidge wrote about the incident:
   Rebecca had lived alone and had her own way so long that I fear she was a little overbearing and dictatorial, perhaps reminding her spouse that he was living on her bounty. [Afterward, Rebecca] continued to live in single blessedness.
In March 1927, during a White House renovation, Coolidge brought Rebecca to his temporary quarters in a Dupont Circle mansion. When the Coolidges took a vacation in the Black Hills, they brought Rebecca along in a basket, together with two of their dogs, Rob Roy and Prudence Prim as well as five canaries on the 1,800-mile railroad journey. In preparation for leaving the White House at the end of the president's term in 1929, the Coolidges donated Rebecca to the zoological quarters in Rock Creek Park (now the National Zoo) in Washington, DC. Rebecca died shortly after.
Herbert Hoover was next to occupy the White House; soon thereafter, a wild opossum moved into Rebecca's vacant tree-house and was adopted by the Hoovers and was named Billy Possum.
# Ablautus flavipes

Ablautus flavipes is a species of robber fly in the family Asilidae.
# Protect Illinois Communities Act

The Protect Illinois Communities Act (formally known as Public Act 102–1116) is an assault weapons ban signed into Illinois law on January 10, 2023, by Governor J. B. Pritzker, going into immediate effect. The Act bans the sale and distribution of assault weapons, high-capacity magazines, and switches in Illinois. On August 11, 2023, the Illinois Supreme Court upheld the law, stating that it is constitutional and does not "deny equal protection nor constitute special legislation." On November 3, 2023, a federal appeals court upheld the prohibition. On December 14, 2023, the Supreme Court of the United States declined to block the law from going into effect on January 1, 2024. However, a federal judge granted this request eleven months later on November 8, 2024. To give the state time to appeal, he left 30 days before his ruling went into effect.
# Münchenbuchsee Commandery

The Münchenbuchsee Commandery was a medieval commandery of the Knights Hospitaller in the Swiss municipality of Münchenbuchsee in the Canton of Bern.

## History

During the 12th century, the area around Münchenbuchsee was part of the lands of the Baron of Buhse. In 1180, Cuno of Buhse or Buchsee granted all of his lands to the Order of St. John, also known as the Knights Hospitaller. This land grant included the villages of Münchenbuchsee, Wankdorf and Worblaufen as well as vineyards on Lake Biel. In 1192, the Pope confirmed this gift on the knights. Shortly thereafter it was converted into a commandery under the Order. The neighboring nobility and the citizens of Bern granted the commandery additional lands. This included the church at Twann (1252), Moosseedorf (1256), Krauchthal (1273), Bremgarten (1306), Wohlen (1320), the castle, court and village of Moosseedorf (1256-57) and the district of Bremgarten (1306). The commandery had its own seal by 1264. Bern granted the commandery limited rights of citizenship in 1329.
Originally the commandery was surrounded by a wall, though this was eventually demolished. The south side of the complex contained the courtyard of the oldest part of Cuno's castle, the monastery (housing for the knights), the commander's house and a church. The church's choir was built in 1260-80 and the stained glass is from the 13th century. The current church tower was built in 1891. On the north side of the complex there was a summer house, a guesthouse and workshops.
The monastic community was always quite small. In 1480, only the commander, the prior and six knights lived there. In keeping with the Rule of Life of the Order, the knights at the commandery were responsible for providing pastoral care to the people of the area, operating a pilgrims' hospital and caring for the poor. The commander of Münchenbuchsee often was also appointed the head of the Thunstetten Commandery.
At the start of the Protestant Reformation in Switzerland in 1528, Commander Peter Englisberg, who headed both houses, supported the secularization of the two commanderies, for which he received Bremgarten Castle as a reward. The commander's house became a rectory, the monastery and outbuildings became a granary and the remaining buildings were used to administer the bailiwick of Münchenbuchsee. On the north side a bailiff's castle and tithe barn were built in 1600-20, on the site of a medieval building.