OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Donnie Macfadyen

Donald John Hunter Macfadyen (born 11 October 1979) is a former Scotland international rugby union player. He played as a Flanker. He made over 100 appearances for Glasgow Warriors from 1999 to 2008.

## Rugby Union career
### Amateur career

Macfadyen played for Edinburgh Academicals at an amateur level before being signed for Glasgow Warriors.

### Professional career

He played for London Scottish but the club went into administration, and he returned to Scotland.
He played for Glasgow Warriors from 1999 and racked up well over a hundred caps. He retired from rugby in 2008.

### International career

He was the Lloyds TSB Young Player of the Year in season 1999–2000, during which he played eight times for Scotland under-21, seven as captain.
Donnie captained Scotland under-21 throughout the Southern Hemisphere Alliance tournament in the summer of 2000, including the draw against Australia and the victory against Tonga.
The following season, 2000–2001, he captained Scottish Students against both their French and Welsh counterparts, and last season he played in the corresponding game against the French.
It was as a substitute that he had his first appearance for Scotland A, when he was introduced in the 33–13 victory against Italy A at Old Anniesland in March 2001. Recently, he has played for Scotland A in the Churchill Cup, captaining the side twice.
He also made an uncapped appearance for Scotland against the Barbarians, scoring a try at Murrayfield Stadium.
He returned to national rugby with a replacement appearance against Ireland A in March 2002, and he played for Scottish Students against their French counterparts at Inverleith later that month.
Macfadyen made his full senior Scotland debut as a substitute in the rugby union tour international match against Canada in Vancouver, and his first Test selection followed against United States a week later in San Francisco.
He appeared in all six matches on that tour, three as a replacement.
# Mauganj

Mauganj is the administrative headquarter of Mauganj district in Madhya Pradesh.Bagheli is the regional language of Mauganj. Mauganj is the seat of legislative assembly in Madhya Pradesh. Its nearest towns are Manikwar, Hanumana, Deotalab, Naigadhi.

## History

The historical roots of Mauganj can be traced back to the eleventh century, marked by the arrival of the Sengar clan of Rajputs in this agriculturally rich region situated in North-Eastern Madhya Pradesh. Previously known as 'Mau Raj,' the region was governed by the Sengar kings, who established their presence and constructed fortifications in Mauganj., Mangawan and Bicchrahta.
The Sengar arrived in the region from Jalaun and governed this small kingdom, notably defending it against the Kalachuris. However, in the fourteenth century, the Baghelas invaded Mau Raj, defeating the Sengars in the battle of Mau and destroying their fort, ultimately annexing it to the kingdom of Bagelkhand. The Sengar descendants later constructed a new fortress called Nai Garhi, meaning 'a new fortress'.

## Geography

Mauganj is located at 24°41′N 81°53′E﻿ / ﻿24.68°N 81.88°E﻿ / 24.68; 81.88. It has an average elevation of 313 metres (1,026 feet). Mauganj is 65 km from Rewa District Headquarter.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Mauganj had a population of 22,989. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Mauganj has an average literacy rate of 52%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 63%, and female literacy is 41%. In Mauganj, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age.

## Places of attraction

Some sites of religious significance around Mauganj are:
* Mahadev Temple in Devatalab (17 km from Mauganj)
* Shree Hanuman Temple, Deodhara (16 km SW of Mauganj)
* Asht Bhuji temple
* Hanuman Mandir, Gytri Mandir, Ram Janki Mandir and Alopan Mandir
* Bauli Hanuman Ji Mandir (Manikwar)
* Thadi Pathar Devi Mandir (Bavangarh)25 Km From Mauganj

## Transport

By air Nearest airport is in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh.
By bus Bus stand is available in the city bus stand Mauganj. Mauganj is connected by private bus services to all nearest major cities.
By Train Nearest railway station is Rewa Station (Madhya Pradesh)
# Theodotion

Theodotion (/ˌθiːəˈdoʊʃən/; Ancient Greek: Θεοδοτίων, gen.: Θεοδοτίωνος; died c. 200) was a Hellenistic Jewish scholar, perhaps working in Ephesus, who in c. A.D. 150 translated the Hebrew Bible into Greek.

## History

Whether he was revising the Septuagint, or was working from Hebrew manuscripts that represented a parallel tradition that has not survived, is debated. In the 2nd century Theodotion's text was quoted in The Shepherd of Hermas and in Justin Martyr's Dialogue with Trypho.
His finished version, which filled some lacunae in the Septuagint version of the Book of Jeremiah and Book of Job, formed one column in Origen of Alexandria's Hexapla, c. A.D. 240. The Hexapla, now only extant in fragments, presented six Hebrew and Greek texts side-by-side: two Greek versions, by Aquila and Symmachus, and Theodotion's version following it, apparently reflecting a contemporary understanding of their historical sequence.
Theodotion's caution in transliterating Hebrew words for plants, animals, vestments and ritual regalia, and words of uncertain meaning, rather than adopting a Greek rendering, gave him a reputation of being "unlearned" among more confident post-Renaissance editors, such as Bernard de Montfaucon.

## Use instead of Septuagint

Theodotion's translation was so widely copied in the Early Christian church that its version of the Book of Daniel virtually superseded the Septuagint's. The Septuagint Daniel survives in only two known manuscripts, Codex Chisianus 88 (rediscovered in the 1770s), and Papyrus 967 (discovered 1931). Jerome, in his preface to Daniel (A.D. 407), records the rejection of the Septuagint version of that book in Christian usage: "I ... wish to emphasize to the reader the fact that it was not according to the Septuagint version but according to the version of Theodotion himself that the churches publicly read Daniel." Jerome's preface also mentions that the Hexapla had notations in it, indicating several major differences in content between the Theodotion Daniel and the earlier versions in Greek and Hebrew. However, Theodotion's Daniel is closer to the surviving Hebrew Masoretic Text version, the text which is the basis for most modern translations. Theodotion's Daniel is also the one embodied in the authorised edition of the Septuagint published by Sixtus V in 1587.
# Juan Casey

Juan Casey (born 18 July 1937) is an Argentine sports shooter. He competed in the men's 50 metre free pistol event at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
# Chuck Efstration

Charles Paul Efstration III (born April 24, 1983) is a Republican member of the Georgia House of Representatives from the 104th District, serving since 2013. In 2022, Efstration was elected Majority Leader.

## Career

In 2008, Efstration became an Assistant District Attorney of Gwinnett County Judicial Circuit, until 2013. In 2013, Efstration was an attorney at Efstration Law Firm, Professional Corporation, until 2018.
On November 5, 2013, Efstration and Teresa Cantrell were top candidates in the election and required a runoff. On December 3, 2013, Efstration won the special runoff election and became a Republican member of the Georgia House of Representatives for District 104. Efstration defeated Teresa Cantrell with 64.57% of the votes. On November 3, 2020, as an incumbent, Efstration won the election and continued serving District 104. Efstration defeated Nakita Hemingway with 51.15% of the votes. He previously ran for the United States House of Representatives in Georgia's 7th congressional district in 2010.
Efstration was a sponsor of a hate crimes law allowing for the imposition of extra penalties to criminals motivated by a victim's race, color, religion, national origin, sex, sexual orientation, gender or disability, which passed after the murder of Ahmaud Arbery.
In 2018, Efstration became an attorney at McGarity and Efstration.

## Personal life

Efstration's wife is Ashley Efstration. They have two children.
# Yalçın Karapınar

Yalçın Karapınar (born 5 March 1967) is a Turkish wrestler. He competed in the men's Greco-Roman 68 kg at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
# Independent Lens

Independent Lens is a weekly television series airing on PBS featuring documentary films made by independent filmmakers. Past seasons of Independent Lens were hosted by Angela Bassett, Don Cheadle, Susan Sarandon, Edie Falco, Terrence Howard, Maggie Gyllenhaal, America Ferrera, Mary-Louise Parker, and Stanley Tucci, who served two stints as host from 2012-2014.
The series began in 1999 and for three years aired 10 episodes each fall season. In 2002, PBS announced that in 2003 the series would relaunch with ITVS as the production company, under the leadership of Sally Jo Fifer and Lois Vossen, and would expand to 29 primetime episodes a year. The 2019-20 season is regarded as the 18th season for the series.
Independent Lens has won six Primetime Emmy Awards and 20 films have won News & Documentary Emmy Awards. In 2012, "Have You Heard From Johannesburg?" won for Exceptional Merit in Documentary Filmmaking; in 2007, A Lion in the House won for Exceptional Merit in Nonfiction Filmmaking; and A Lion's Trail won in 2006 for Outstanding Cultural and Artistic Programming. Three other films won for Best Documentary: Billy Strayhorn: Lush Life in 2008, Be Good, Smile Pretty in 2004, and Sing Faster: The Stagehands' Ring Cycle in 2000. Four Independent Lens films won News & Documentary Emmys in 2017 alone: The Armor of Light; (T)error; Best of Enemies; and In Football We Trust. As well, seven Independent Lens films garnered Academy Award nominations for Best Documentary: Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room (2006), The Weather Underground (2004), Waste Land (2010), Hell and Back Again (2011), How to Survive a Plague (2012), I Am Not Your Negro (2016), and Hale County This Morning, This Evening (2018). Other awards conferred upon Independent Lens films include the George Foster Peabody Award, International Documentary Association Documentary Awards, Alfred I. duPont–Columbia University Award, and Sundance Film Festival Awards.

## Audience Award

Independent Lens gives out an annual Audience Award. The TV viewing audience is invited to rate each episode of the series (through online voting), and an award is given to each season's winner. Winners of the Audience Award have included:
* 2003 Heart of the Sea
* 2004 Jimmy Scott: If You Only Knew
* 2005 On a Roll
* 2006 The Devil's Miner
* 2007 China Blue
* 2008 Na Kamalei: The Men of Hula
* 2009 Adjust Your Color: The Truth of Petey Greene
* 2010 Mine
* 2011 Two Spirits
* 2012 Strong! and Have You Heard from Johannesburg?
* 2013 The Revisionaries
* 2014 Don't Stop Believin': Everyman's Journey
* 2015 Kumu Hina
* 2016 Trapped
* 2017 They Call Us Monsters
* 2018 Unrest
* 2019 Out of State

## Critical Reception

Independent Lens has received generally positive reviews from television critics. David Zurawik of The Baltimore Sun called the series "one of the nation’s finest and most daring producers of documentaries."
# Shiroka Laka

Shiroka Laka (Bulgarian: Широка лъка) is a village in the very south of Bulgaria, located in Smolyan municipality, Smolyan Province. It is a proclaimed architectural and folklore reserve and lies in the central Rhodope Mountains, 23 km (14 mi) northwest of Smolyan, 16 km (10 mi) west of Pamporovo and 22 km (14 mi) southeast of Devin.
The dominant and traditional religion in the village is Eastern Orthodox Christianity and the population is 573 (as of September 2005). Shiroka Laka lies at 1,206 m (3,957 ft) above sea level, at 41°41′N 24°35′E﻿ / ﻿41.683°N 24.583°E﻿ / 41.683; 24.583.

## Architecture

Shiroka Laka is famous for its authentic Rhodopean houses set in tiers on both banks of the local river. The old houses were designed in the characteristic architectural style of the Rhodopes by the noted local building masters, and feature two storeys, oriels, built-in cupboards and a small cellar with a hiding place. The thick white walls hide the yard from the outsiders' eyes. The yard is small and slab-covered and has a typical stone drinking fountain in the middle. Some of the most famous houses are those of the Zgurov, Uchikov and Grigorov families.
The local Church of the Holy Mother of God was constructed in 1834 for 38 days according to the legend. It boasts an authentic iconostasis, possibly painted by apprentices of the brothers Dimitar and Zahari Zograf from Samokov, or even by the brothers themselves. The old school, built in 1835, is located near the church. There is one more church in the village, the Church of St Nicholas.

## Culture

Shiroka Laka is known not only for its old Bulgarian architecture, but also for its singing tradition and the kaba gaida, a local type of bagpipe. Some of the most prominent singers of Rodopi music come from the village, including the Kushlevi Sisters, and many of the local families are well familiar with the style. A secondary school for folklore songs and instruments was founded in 1972. Among its graduates are Neli Andreeva, soloist and singer with the Philip Kutev Folklore Ensemble, and composer Georgi Andreev.
On the first Sunday of March, the village also hosts one of the best known kukeri (specific Bulgarian type of carnival) celebrations in the country, Pesponedelnik as it is called. On that day, people dressed as folklore monsters, carrying wooden swords and painted red, dance around the village to drive the evil spirits out of the homes and the peoples' souls. Their costumes are decorated with bulbs of garlic, beans and peppers and they wear a belt with characteristic Rhodope bells attached to it.
# Adamantius (praefectus urbi)

Adamantius (Ancient Greek: Ἀδαμάντιος; fl. 474–479) was a politician of the Eastern Roman Empire, praefectus urbi of Constantinople (474–479), patricius and honorary consul.
Adamantius was the son of Vivianus, consul in 463 and praetorian prefect of the East; his brother was Paulus, consul in 512.
Between 474 and 479, Adamantius held the office of praefectus urbi of Constantinople.
In 479 he is attested as patricius. That year he was conferred consular honours by Emperor Zeno and sent as envoy to the rebel general Theodoric the Great. He went to Thessalonica, where he freed the ex-consul Iohannes from an enraged mob, and joined with Sabinianus Magnus at Edessa; they reached Theodoric in Dyrrachium, where they started negotiations, but Zeno recalled them back when the rebels kept on attacking imperial territories.
# Predictor–corrector method

In numerical analysis, predictor–corrector methods belong to a class of algorithms designed to integrate ordinary differential equations – to find an unknown function that satisfies a given differential equation. All such algorithms proceed in two steps:
* The initial, "prediction" step, starts from a function fitted to the function-values and derivative-values at a preceding set of points to extrapolate ("anticipate") this function's value at a subsequent, new point.
* The next, "corrector" step refines the initial approximation by using the predicted value of the function and another method to interpolate that unknown function's value at the same subsequent point.

## Predictor–corrector methods for solving ODEs

When considering the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), a predictor–corrector method typically uses an explicit method for the predictor step and an implicit method for the corrector step.

### Example: Euler method with the trapezoidal rule

A simple predictor–corrector method (known as Heun's method) can be constructed from the Euler method (an explicit method) and the trapezoidal rule (an implicit method).
Consider the differential equation
    $y'=f(t,y),\quad y(t_{0})=y_{0},$
and denote the step size by $h$.
First, the predictor step: starting from the current value $y_{i}$, calculate an initial guess value ${\tilde {y}}_{i+1}$ via the Euler method,
    ${\tilde {y}}_{i+1}=y_{i}+hf(t_{i},y_{i}).$
Next, the corrector step: improve the initial guess using trapezoidal rule,
    $y_{i+1}=y_{i}+{\tfrac {1}{2}}h{\biglf(t_{i},y_{i})+f(t_{i+1},{\tilde {y}}_{i+1}){\bigr )}.$
That value is used as the next step.

### PEC mode and PECE mode

There are different variants of a predictor–corrector method, depending on how often the corrector method is applied. The Predict–Evaluate–Correct–Evaluate (PECE) mode refers to the variant in the above example:
    ${\begin{aligned}{\tilde {y}}_{i+1}&=y_{i}+hf(t_{i},y_{i}),\\y_{i+1}&=y_{i}+{\tfrac {1}{2}}h{\biglf(t_{i},y_{i})+f(t_{i+1},{\tilde {y}}_{i+1}){\bigr )}.\end{aligned}}$
It is also possible to evaluate the function f only once per step by using the method in Predict–Evaluate–Correct (PEC) mode:
    ${\begin{aligned}{\tilde {y}}_{i+1}&=y_{i}+hf(t_{i},{\tilde {y}}_{i}),\\y_{i+1}&=y_{i}+{\tfrac {1}{2}}h{\biglf(t_{i},{\tilde {y}}_{i})+f(t_{i+1},{\tilde {y}}_{i+1}){\bigr )}.\end{aligned}}$
Additionally, the corrector step can be repeated in the hope that this achieves an even better approximation to the true solution. If the corrector method is run twice, this yields the PECECE mode:
    ${\begin{aligned}{\tilde {y}}_{i+1}&=y_{i}+hf(t_{i},y_{i}),\\{\hat {y}}_{i+1}&=y_{i}+{\tfrac {1}{2}}h{\biglf(t_{i},y_{i})+f(t_{i+1},{\tilde {y}}_{i+1}){\bigr )},\\y_{i+1}&=y_{i}+{\tfrac {1}{2}}h{\biglf(t_{i},y_{i})+f(t_{i+1},{\hat {y}}_{i+1}){\bigr )}.\end{aligned}}$
The PECEC mode has one fewer function evaluation than PECECE mode.
More generally, if the corrector is run k times, the method is in P(EC)$^k$ or P(EC)$^k$E mode. If the corrector method is iterated until it converges, this could be called PE(CE)$^∞$.
# Saqib Lakhnavi

Mirza Zakir Hussain Qazalbaash (2 January 1869 – 24 November 1946), better known by his pen name as Saqib Lakhnavi, was an Urdu poet active during the British Indian era. Known for his succinct style, his poetry focused on human emotions and philosophical insights. He was affiliated with the Lucknow school of poetry.

## Early life

Saqib was born in Akbarabad (modern-day Agra), India, into a family of Persian descent. His ancestors had migrated to India during the Mughal period. His father Mirza Muhammad Hussain was an employee in the British Indian government. Saqib's mother was proficient Arabic, Persian, and Urdu, and she played a central role in his early education. After he learnt these languages, she decided to send him to Agra for further studies, particularly to obtain proficiency in English. He subsequently attended St. John's College, Agra. He later moved to Lucknow with his father, where he became part of literary and cultural environment. Lucknow, known for its Urdu poetry, played a key role in influencing his poetic development.
Saqib faced significant financial difficulties following the death of his father. In an attempt to support himself, he tried various occupations, including a venture in business, which he eventually abandoned after incurring substantial losses.
Saqib also spent some time in Calcutta, where he served as the personal secretary to the Iranian consul (whose name remains unrecorded), a position that reduced his financial difficulties. However, dissatisfied with life in Calcutta, he went to Lucknow in 1908 and accepted a job offer from Mohammad Amir Hasan Khan to join his court in Sitapur, where he remained until his death in November 1946.

## Style

Saqib's poetry draws from the classical themes of the Lucknow school while incorporating modern sensibilities. His works often addressed themes such as hope, despair, patience, and introspection. One of his prominent couplets is:
This couplet gained wider recognition when filmmaker S. U. Sunny used it as a tagline in his films such as Mela (1948) and Kohinoor (1960).
While gardens are typically seen as peaceful, Saqib frequently portrayed them as places of conflict and change, suggesting uncertainties. He described it as:
As reported by the Pakistani TV channel ARY News, several poems by Saqib have attained proverbial status in Urdu literature. However, the exact couplets that have been adopted as proverbs remain uncertain.

## Literary works

* Lakhnavī, S̲āqib (1983). Intik̲h̲āb-i g̲h̲azaliyāt-i S̲āqib (in Urdu). Uttar Pradesh Urdū Akādmī.
* Lakhnavī, S̲āqib (1988). Qaṣāʼid-i S̲āqib Lakhnavī: mausūm bah nag̲ẖmāt-i surūr (in Urdu). Milne ke pate, Dānish Mahall.

## Death

Saqib died in 1946, a year before the partition of India. Although he did not witness the events of 1947, some of his poetry has been interpreted as foreshadowing the disturbances and losses of that period.
# Seth Zosky

Seth Zosky is a singer, actor, and musician. He rose to prominence as a member of the R&B/pop band "CZN", who were chosen as winners of Canadian Family's Got Talent by Simon Cowell. Zosky also originated the role of Jack Dawson in the original Canadian production of Titanique.

## Life

Zosky was raised in Toronto, and is Jewish. He graduated from the musical theatre program at Sheridan College in 2021.

## Career
### Music

While enrolled at Sheridan College, a music theory and performance professor suggested Zosky, CJ Capital, and Matthew Novary Joseph noted their complementary vocal styles and suggested they work together. This led to the formation of CZN, a R&B/pop trio band.
In 2020, Zosky and CZN competed on Canadian Family's Got Talent, which was presented during the COVID-19 pandemic by Breakfast Television. The band was announced as the winner on May 26, 2020, with Simon Cowell commenting, "... I think you’re very current, I think you’re very cool, I think you’re very likeable. Most importantly talented, creative, inventive...". Later in 2020, CZN released their first single "Friends".
The group also competed in season 16 of America's Got Talent. At the auditions, they performed JP Saxe and Julia Michaels' If the World Was Ending. They received four 'yes' votes from the judges to advance to the next round, but were ultimately eliminated during the judges' deliberations.

### Musical theatre

In 2022, Zosky had his first professional stage role when he starred as Jamie in a regional production of The Last Five Years opposite AJ Bridel. He reprised his role of Jamie in another production of The Last Five Years presented by Blue Bridge Productions.
In 2024, Zosky co-wrote and performed in Pain to Power: A Kanye West Musical Protest, which was presented at the Winnipeg Jewish Theatre. The musical was written as a response to West's controversial statements about Jewish people and slavery, and uses West's music to discuss celebrity influence and questioning at what point a fan can no longer separate the art from the artist.
Zosky is currently starring as Jack Dawson in the original Canadian production of Titanique. The musical premiered at the Segal Centre in Montreal, where it is playing between October 27 and November 24, 2024. It will then transfer to the CAA Theatre, where it will play between December 5, 2024 and January 12, 2025.

## Theatre credits

| Year | Production | Role | Theatre | Category |
| 2022 | The Last Five Years | Jamie | Regional: Olive Branch Productions | Regional: Olive Branch Productions |
| 2023 | The Last Five Years | Jamie | Roxy Theatre | Regional: Blue Bridge Productions |
| 2023 | Fiddler on the Roof | Perchik | Hamilton Family Theatre Cambridge | Regional: Drayton Entertainment |
| 2024 | Pain to Power: A Kanye West Musical Protest | | Regional: Winnipeg Jewish Theatre | Regional: Winnipeg Jewish Theatre |
| 2024–2025 | Titanique | Jack Dawson | Segal Centre for Performing Arts | Mirvish Productions |
| 2024–2025 | Titanique | Jack Dawson | CAA Theatre | Mirvish Productions |