OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# David Haslam (GP)

David William Haslam (11 May 1962 - 23 August 2021) was a general practitioner and physician specialising in obesity medicine at the Centre for Obesity Research at Luton & Dunstable Hospital. He graduated from St. Thomas' Hospital Medical School in 1985.
Haslam was the Chair of the National Obesity Forum. He was also a member of the group Experts in Severe and Complex Obesity. In 2010 he warned that the wrong people were getting bariatric surgery and said some of those who are most obese should just be offered "palliative care" for their obesity.
In December 2013 he was one of a number of doctors who signed a letter to Jeremy Hunt urging that the battle against dementia should focus on the benefits of a Mediterranean diet rather than drugs of dubious efficacy.

## Select bibliography

* Fat, Gluttony and Sloth: Obesity in Literature, Art and Medicine, by David Haslam and Fiona Haslam (2009). Liverpool University Press. ISBN 1846310946.
* The Obesity Epidemic and Its Management: A Textbook for Primary Healthcare Professionals on the Understanding, Management and Treatment of Obesity, by Terry Maguire and David Haslam (2010). Pharmaceutical Press. ISBN 0853697868.
* Bariatric Surgery in Clinical Practice [editor and contributor] (2022). Springer Publishing. ISBN 9783030833992.
# Carabus clatratus

Carabus clatratus is a species of beetle widespread in the Palearctic.

## Description

The beetle reaches a body length of 25 to 36 millimeters and is thus one of the big beetle species in Europe. Its body is copper-coloured, greenish or glossy black, and has large, copper or green shimmering pits between distinct secondary ribs on the elytra. The beetle can possess fully developed wings (one of the few fully winged Carabus species) and is also capable of flight. However, this is usually only a small proportion of the populations, most specimens have reduced wings. In Central European and Asian populations, such macropterous animals are probably completely absent.

## Distribution

It is found in Europe and East across the Palearctic from Ireland to Korea and Japan and north to the Polar Circle. It is mostly observed in Central Europe, Eastern Europe and Siberia.

## Biology

It lives in humid areas such as humid woodland (snag), marshes, bogs and salt marshes. It is diurnal living under or in wet deadwood, mostly willow stumps and in moss mats. It is a predator diving under water to search for snails, small crabs, insects and their larvae, tadpoles and also small fish. It makes a fresh air supply under the wing elytra. The larvae are also able to hunt underwater. It overwinters as an adult to breed in summer. Adults hibernate on drier land.
# Ubaí

Ubaí is a municipality in the north of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. As of 2020 the population was 12,599 in a total area of 821 km$^2$. It became a municipality in 1962.

## Geography

Ubaí is located at an elevation of 608 meters between the São Francisco River and Brasília de Minas. It is connected by state highway (partially paved) to São Romão on the São Francisco River. It belongs to the statistical microregion of Montes Claros. Neighboring municipalities are Ponto Chique, São Romão, Campo Azul, Luislândia and Icaraí de Minas. The Rio Gameleiras crosses the south of the municipal area.
Distances
* Belo Horizonte: 568 km.
* Montes Claros: 140 km.
* Brasília de Minas: 52 km.

## Economic activities

The most important economic activities are cattle raising, commerce, and subsistence agriculture. The GDP in 2005 was R$ 29,109,000. Ubaí is in the bottom tier of municipalities in the state with regard to economic and social development. It suffers from isolation, poor soils, and periodic drought. As of 2007 there was 01 banking agency in the town. There was a small retail commerce serving the surrounding area of cattle and agricultural lands. In the rural area there were 858 establishments employing about 2,500 workers. Only 37 of the farms had tractors. There were 101 automobiles in all of the municipality. There were 35,000 head of cattle in 2006. The crops with a planted area of more than 100 hectares were beans, sugarcane, manioc, and corn.

## Health and education

In the health sector there were 09 clinics and no hospitals. In the educational sector there were 21 primary schools and 02 middle schools.
* Municipal Human Development Index: 0.651 (2000)
* State ranking: 741 out of 853 municipalities as of 2000
* National ranking: 3,764 out of 5,138 municipalities as of 2000
The highest ranking municipality in Minas Gerais in 2000 was Poços de Caldas with 0.841, while the lowest was Setubinha with 0.568. Nationally the highest was São Caetano do Sul in São Paulo with 0.919, while the lowest was Setubinha. In more recent statistics (considering 5,507 municipalities) Manari in the state of Pernambuco has the lowest rating in the country—0,467—putting it in last place.
* Literacy rate: 74%
* Life expectancy: 73.8 (average of males and females)
* Urbanization rate: 42.89%
* Percentage of urban houses connected to sewage system:
* Infant mortality rate: n/a
# Carl Porter Duncan

Carl Porter Duncan (December 27, 1921 – August 9, 1999) was a professor of experimental psychology at Northwestern University.
Carl P. Duncan was born on December 27, 1921, in Presque Isle, Maine.
His father, Henry Beecher Duncan, was a farmer and his mother Vivian Howlett Duncan, a schoolteacher.
Duncan received his BA degree from University of Maine. He also received an MA degree (1944) and a PhD degree (1947) in experimental psychology at Brown University, both under the direction of Harold Schlosberg. His PhD thesis, The Effect of Electroshock Convulsions on Learning and Retention in The Rat is regarded as seminal, a classic study in cognitive neuroscience.
Duncan met his wife, Marie Castaldi, while at Brown University, and they were married in 1948. She received her doctor of medicine degree in 1951, and practiced in adolescent psychiatry. They had no children.
Professor Duncan, after getting his PhDs at Brown, began working at Northwestern University in 1947. In 1966 he was elected president of the Midwestern Psychological Association. In the American Psychological Association (APA), Professor Duncan was a fellow of Division 3, a member of its executive committee from 1962 to 1964, and one of its representatives to the APA Council of Representatives from 1966 to 1968. He served as the secretary-treasurer to the Society of Experimental Psychologists from 1970 to 1973. He was also chair of the Section on Psychology of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1973. From 1972 to 1985, he served as a book review editor for the American Journal of Psychology.
Duncan retired with the title of professor emeritus in 1987, after a 40-year career at Northwestern University and stayed in the Chicago area (specifically, in Libertyville, Illinois) for the rest of his life.
Duncan suffered a fatal fall on August 9, 1999, while trimming a tree.
# Hamadjoda Adjoudji

Hamadjoda Adjoudji (1937 – 7 November 2018) was a Cameroonian politician. He served in the government of Cameroon as Minister of Animal Husbandry, Fishing, and Animal Industries from 1984 to 2004. Most recently he was a Deputy Secretary-General of the Central Committee of the Cameroon People's Democratic Movement (RDPC).

## Biography

Hamadjoda was born in Banyo, located in what later became Adamawa Region. A veterinary doctor by profession, he was Head of the Provincial Sector of Animal Husbandry and Animal Industries from November 1972 to March 1974. Subsequently, he was Director-General of the Animal Production Development and Exploitation Company (SODEPA) from March 1974 to July 1984.
Appointed to the government by President Paul Biya as Minister of Animal Husbandry, Fishing, and Animal Industries on 7 July 1984, Hamadjoda remained in that position for over twenty years; he was eventually replaced in December 2004. He headed a ministry for longer than anyone else in Cameroon's history since it achieved its independence in 1960.
Following his departure from the government, Hamadjoda Adjoudji became Chairman of the Board of the Public Contract Regulatory Agency (Agence de régulation des marchés publics, ARMP). President Paul Biya also appointed him as Chairman of the Board of the University of Ngaoundere on 10 September 2005.
On 15 March 2007 President Biya additionally appointed Hamadjoda Adjoudji to a three-year term on the Coordination Committee of the National Anti-Corruption Commission. He and the other members of the Commission were sworn in on 30 May 2007. Adjoudji died on 7 November 2018 at the age of 81.
# XtremeAir Sbach 300

The XtremeAir Sbach 300 is a German aerobatic aircraft, designed by Philippe Steinbach and produced by XtremeAir, of Cochstedt. The aircraft is supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.
The aircraft bears the company designation XA41, but is marketed under the name Sbach 300, although use of this name was later abandoned.

## Design and development

The Sbach 300 is an all-composite design, predominantly constructed of carbon fibre. It features a cantilever low-wing, a single-seat enclosed cockpit under a bubble canopy, fixed conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration. The aircraft's 7.50 m (24.6 ft) span wing has an area of 11.25 m$^2$ (121.1 sq ft) and mounts full-span ailerons with spades to lighten control forces, which give a roll rate of 450° per second. The standard engine employed is the 315 hp (235 kW) Lycoming IO-580 four-stroke powerplant. The aircraft has an empty weight of 570 kg (1,260 lb) and a gross weight of 850 kg (1,870 lb) for aerobatics and a gross weight of 999 kg (2,202 lb) for non-aerobatic flight.
The 300 was later developed into a two-seat version, the XtremeAir Sbach 342, which was introduced in 2007.

## Operational history

The Sbach 300 was flown to a German national aerobatic championship in the unlimited class. Seven XA41s were completed by XtremeAir by 2020, with an additional example completed from a kit. Another XA41, powered by a 360 hp (270 kW) Vedeneyev M14P was completed with the name Angry Fish.

## Specifications (Sbach 300)

Data from Bayerl and XtremeAir
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Length: 6.30 m (20 ft 8 in)
* Wingspan: 7.50 m (24 ft 7 in)
* Height: 2.3 m (7 ft 7 in) in three-point attitude
* Wing area: 11.25 m$^2$ (121.1 sq ft)
* Aspect ratio: 5:1
* Empty weight: 570 kg (1,257 lb)
* Gross weight: 850 kg (1,874 lb) for aerobatics
* Fuel capacity: 245 litres (54 imp gal; 65 US gal)
* Powerplant: 1 × Lycoming IO-580 six cylinder, air-cooled, four stroke aircraft engine, 235 kW (315 hp)
* Propellers: 3-bladed constant speed
Performance
* Maximum speed: 390 km/h (240 mph, 210 kn)
* Cruise speed: 345 km/h (214 mph, 186 kn)
* Stall speed: 94 km/h (58 mph, 51 kn)
* Never exceed speed: 417 km/h (259 mph, 225 kn)
* Range: 1,500 km (920 mi, 800 nmi)
* g limits: +/-10
* Rate of climb: 20.7 m/s (4,070 ft/min)
* Wing loading: 57.8 kg/m$^2$ (11.8 lb/sq ft) for aerobatics
# Victor Sévère

Victor Severe (born 1 November 1867 in Case-Pilote, Martinique; died 2 October 1957) was a politician from Martinique. He was mayor of Fort de France several times between 1900 and 1945 and served in the Chamber of Deputies of France from 1906 to 1914, 1924 to 1928 and 1936 to 1942. He was also President of the General Council of Martinique from 1905 to 1906.

## Biography

Victor Sévère undertook his secondary studies at the lycée de Saint-Pierre where he obtained his baccalaureate, continuing to study law in France. After completing his degree, he was admitted to the Cayenne bar. In French Guiana, he was elected general councillor from 1893 to 1896. He then returned to his native Martinique and joined the bar in Fort-de-France.
Jules Sévère, his brother, was mayor of Case-Pilote from 1897 to 1913.

## Second World War

At the beginning of the Occupation, when Martinique was administered by Admiral Robert, Victor Sévère was fiercely opposed both to it and to the Vichy regime. In 1941, he was removed from the mayor's office in the capital and Admiral Robert appointed Jean de Laguarigue in his place. In 1942 he participated in the Resistance and was particularly noticed after the landing in North Africa. In 1943, he contributed to the formation of the National Liberation Committee which ensured that the West Indies joined the Free French Forces.
# Sartono (given name)

Sartono is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Sartono (1900–1968), Indonesian politician and lawyer
* Sartono Anwar (born 1947), Indonesian footballer and manager
* Sartono Kartodirdjo (1921–2007), Indonesian historian
# Mill Creek Generating Station

The Mill Creek Generating Station is a coal-fired power plant owned and operated by Louisville Gas & Electric in the Kosmosdale neighborhood of Louisville, Kentucky. It is located on 544 acres in southwest Louisville, about 20 miles from downtown.
Construction on the plant began in 1968 to meet growing energy demand in the Louisville area, according to the utility. Unit 1 went into service by 1972, unit 2 by 1974, unit 3 by 1978, and unit 4 in 1982.
Mill Creek Generating Station is LG&E's largest coal-fired power plant. It consumes about 4.8 million tons of fuel annually.
In 2024, the utility began construction on a 640-megawatt natural gas combined-cycle generating unit at the plant, expected to begin operations in 2027.

## Emissions Data

* 2022 Greenhouse gas emissions: 7,066,313 MTCO2e
* 2022 CO$_2$ Emissions: 15,452,873,560 pounds
* 2022 SO$_2$ Emissions: 6,338,998 pounds
* 2022 NO$_x$ Emissions: 10,784,738 pounds
# Hungarian German Bloc

The Hungarian German Bloc (Romanian: Blocul Maghiar-German, BMG) was a political alliance in Romania.

## History

The alliance was formed by the Magyar Party and the German Party in order to contest the 1927 general elections. It received 6% of the vote, winning fifteen seats in the Chamber of Deputies and one in the Senate, emerging as the third-largest bloc in Parliament.

## Electoral history
### Legislative elections

| Election | Votes | % | Assembly | Senate | Position |
| 1927 | 173,517 | 6.4 | 15 / 387 | 1 / 113 | 3rd |
# Newcastle Airport Metro station

Airport (also known as Newcastle Airport) is a Tyne and Wear Metro station, serving Newcastle International Airport in the English city of Newcastle upon Tyne. It opened as a terminus station in 1991, following the opening of the extension from Bank Foot to Airport.

## History

Construction of the extension of the Metro from Bank Foot to Newcastle Airport began in 1990, after funding had been secured from the European Economic Community (now the European Union). The majority of the route of the extension uses the alignment of the Ponteland Railway, with a short (around 0.2 miles or 0.32 kilometres) section of new right-of-way at the airport end. The Ponteland Railway opened in June 1905, closing to passenger services in June 1929, with goods services operating into the late 1960s.
During the construction of the line, a dedicated bus service operated between Bank Foot and Newcastle International Airport.
The extension and station opened on 17 November 1991, at a cost of £12 million. The new station at the airport had a pyramid design, and was linked to both platforms and the main airport terminal by covered walkways. As well as the airport station, a new intermediate station was built at Callerton Parkway, and a second platform was added to Bank Foot station.
In 2014, a survey conducted by the Consumers Association found that the Tyne and Wear Metro service from the Airport was one of the highest rated airport rail links in the country for customer satisfaction – scoring 85%. Only the rail link serving Birmingham International Airport was rated higher.
In November 2024, the track on the second platform at the station was removed after lying unused for a number of years.

## Facilities

The only access to the station is through the main terminal building of the airport. Step-free covered walkways link the terminal building to the ticket hall, and the ticket hall to the station's island platform. There is no dedicated car or bicycle parking available at the station, with car parking controlled and operated by the airport. A taxi rank is located at the front of the terminal building.
The station is equipped with ticket machines, waiting shelter, seating, next train information displays, timetable posters, and an emergency help point. Ticket machines accept payment with credit and debit cards (including contactless payment), notes and coins. The station is fitted with automatic ticket barriers, which were installed at 13 stations across the network during the early 2010s, as well as smartcard validators, which feature at all stations.

## Services

As of October 2024, the station is served by up to five trains per hour on weekdays and Saturday, and up to four trains per hour during the evening and on Sunday. Trains run to South Hylton via Newcastle and Sunderland.
Rolling stock used: Class 599 Metrocar
# Divisa Alegre

Divisa Alegre is a Brazilian municipality located in the northeast of the state of Minas Gerais. As of 2020 the population was 6,868 in a total area of 118 km².
The city belongs to the mesoregion of Jequitinhonha and to the microregion of Salinas. The elevation of the municipal seat is 975 meters. It became a municipality in 1997 separating from Águas Vermelhas This municipality is located on the important BR-116 highway on the boundary with the state of Bahia. The name means "Happy Boundary" in, because of the location on the state boundary.
Municipal boundaries are with: Águas Vermelhas, Pedra Azul, Encruzilhada and Cachoeira de Pajeú.
The main economic activities are cattle raising and farming. The GDP was R$28,807,000 (2005). There were no banking agencies in 2006. In the rural area there were 47 farms with around 150 people involved in the agricultural sector. Only two farms had tractors, a ratio of one tractor for every 23 farms. The main crops were coffee, bananas, sugarcane, beans, manioc, and corn. In the health sector there was 1 health clinic. The score on the Municipal Human Development Index was 0.656. This ranked Divisa Alegre 728 out of 853 municipalities in the state, with Poços de Caldas in first place with 0.841 and Setubinha in last place with 0.568. See Frigoletto for the complete list.
# Philip Cohen

Philip, Phillip, or Phil Cohen may refer to:
* Phil Cohen (cultural theorist) (1943–2024), British cultural theorist, ethnographer, writer and activist
* Sir Philip Cohen (British biochemist) (born 1945), British researcher and academic
* Philip F. Cohen (born 1950), Canadian nuclear medicine physician and biomedical scientist
* Philip P. Cohen (1908–1993), American biochemist
* Philip N. Cohen (born 1967), American sociologist
* Philip M. Cohen, inventor of several chess variants
* Philip J. Cohen (born 1953), American former United Nations advisor and writer
* Phillip Ean Cohen, Australian investor
* Philip "Little Farvel" Cohen (1906/07–1949), Murder, Inc. criminal
* The fictional Hardy Boys character Phil Cohen
# Network Protocol Virtualization

Network Protocol Virtualization or Network Protocol Stack Virtualization is a concept of providing network connections as a service, without concerning application developer to decide the exact communication stack composition.

## Concept

Network Protocol Virtualization (NPV) was firstly proposed by Heuschkel et al. in 2015 as a rough sketch as part of a transition concept for network protocol stacks. The concept evolved and was published in a deployable state in 2018.
The key idea is to decouple applications from their communication stacks. Today the socket API requires application developer to compose the communication stack by hand by choosing between IPv4/IPv6 and UDP/TCP. NPV proposes the network protocol stack should be tailored to the observed network environment (e.g. link layer technology, or current network performance). Thus, the network stack should not be composed at development time, but at runtime and it needs the possibility to be adapted if needed.
Additionally, the decoupling relaxes the chains of the ISO OSI network layer model, and thus enables alternative concepts of communication stacks. Heuschkel et al. proposes the concept of Application layer middleboxes as an example to add additional layers to the communication stack to enrich the communication with useful services (e.g. HTTP optimizations)
The Figure illustrates the data flow. Applications interface to the NPV software through some kind of API. Heuschkel et al. proposed socket API equivalent replacements but envisioned more sophisticated interfaces for future applications. A scheduler assigns the application payload to one (of potentially many) communication stack to get processed to network packets, that get sent using networking hardware. A management component decides how communication stacks get composed and the scheduling scheme. To support decisions a management interface is provided to integrate the management system in software-defined networking contexts.
NPV has been further investigated as a central element of LPWAN Internet of Things (IoT) scenarios. Specifically, the deployment of applications that are agnostic to the underlying transport, network, link and physical layers was explored by Rolando Herrero in 2020. In this context, NPV becomes a very successful and flexible tool to accomplish the deployment and management of constrained sensors, actuators and controllers in massive IoT access networks.

## Implementations

Currently there is just one academic implementation available to demonstrate the concept. Heuschkel et al. published this implementation as demonstrator in 2016. The last iteration of this code is available under AGPLv3 on Github.
# Alcazar

Alcazar or variant spellings may refer to:

## Arts, entertainment and literature

* Alcazar (group), a Swedish europop/dance music group
* Alcazar: The Forgotten Fortress, a 1985 video game
* General Alcazar, a fictional character, friend of Tintin
* Roberto Alcázar y Pedrín [es], a Spanish comic from 1940
* Teatro Alcázar, a theatre in Madrid, Spain
* Alcazar (Paris) (later Alcazar d'Hiver), a café-concert in Paris 1858–1902
* Alcazar d'Été, a café-concert in Paris 1860–1914

## Businesses and organisations

* Alcazar Hotel (disambiguation), the name of several hotels
* Alcazar (airline), a 1993 proposed airline merger

## Places

* Alcàsser (Spanish: Alcácer), a municipality in Horta Sud, Valencian Community, Spain
* Alcázar de Colón, a fortified Spanish palace located in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
* Alcázar de los Reyes Cristianos, a medieval castle located in the historic centre of Córdoba, Spain
* Alcázar de San Juan, or Alcázar, a town and municipality in Ciudad Real, Castile-La Mancha, Spain
* Alcázar del Rey, a municipality in Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha, Spain
* Alcácer do Sal, a municipality in Setúbal District, Portugal
* Alcázar Genil, a medieval palace located in the historic centre of Granada, Spain
* Alcázar of Jerez de la Frontera, medieval castle in Jerez de la Frontera, Andalusia, Spain
* Alcázar of Segovia, medieval castle located in the city of Segovia, Castile and León, Spain
* Alcázar of Seville, a royal palace in Seville, Spain
* Alcázar of the Caliphs (Córdoba), remains of a former fortified medieval palace located in Córdoba, Spain
* Alcázar of Toledo, a fortified medieval palace located in Toledo, Spain
* El Alcázar, Misiones, a village in Argentina
* Gate of Sevilla (Carmona), also known as the Alcázar de la Puerta de Sevilla, remains of a former fortified medieval palace located in Carmona, Spain
* Los Alcázares, a municipality and a coastal spa town and former fishing village on the western side of the Mar Menor in Murcia, southeastern Spain
* Royal Alcázar of Madrid, a former fortress located at the site of today's Royal Palace of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
* Alcazar (Marseille), a library and former theatre in Marseille, France

## People

* Baltasar del Alcázar (1530–1606), Spanish poet
* Paco Alcácer (born 1993), Spanish footballer

## Other uses

* El Alcázar, a Spanish newspaper 1936–1988
* Alcázar Basket, a former Spanish basketball team
* Hyundai Alcazar, a crossover SUV