OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen

Ernest I of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (German: Ernst I., Fürst von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen; c. 1297 – 9 March 1361) was Prince of Brunswick-Grubenhagen.

## Life

He was the son of Henry I, the Admirable and his wife Agnes, née Countess of Meissen. Henry the Admirable founded the Principality of Grubenhagen in 1291, after the Guelph princes had divided their inheritance. Ernest originally intended to follow a spiritual career, but after his father's death, he and his brothers Henry II and William jointly ruled the principality.
Grubenhagen was rather smaller than the other Guelph principalities. Because Henry the Admirable had many children (eight sons and eight daughters), it was difficult to supply all the descendants in style. His eldest son Henry II could therefore not take the undivided sovereignty over the principality. In 1324, Henry concluded an extensive pact with his brothers Ernest and William under which the territory should be governed jointly, but shortly afterwards the principality was divided. Ernest received the area around Einbeck, Grubenhagen Castle and Osterode. The towns of Duderstadt, Osterode and Einbeck were ruled jointly. In 1359 he made his son Albert I co-regent. His older brother Henry died 1351 and his sons lingered abroad and died without issue, so after the death of his childless younger brother William in 1360, Ernest ruled the entire principality of Grubenhagen. After his death, on 9 March 1361, he was succeeded by his son Albert I.

## Marriage and issue

Ernst married in 1322 Adelheid (or Agnes) of Everstein-Polle (died after 1373), daughter of Count Henry II of Eberstein. The marriage produced six children.
* Otto (or Otho) (born 1337, died young)
* Albert I (born: c. 1339; died 1383)
    married in 1372 Agnes of Brunswick (d. 1410), daughter of Duke Magnus II of Brunswick.
* Agnes (born: c. 1342; died 1394)
    married in 1362 Count Ulrich of Hohnstein
* Ernest II (born: c. 1346; died 1400/02), abbot of Corvey (1369–1371)
* Frederick (born: c. 1350; died 1421)
    married Adelheid of Anhalt
* Anna (born: c. 1360; died 1437), Abbess in Osterode
# Peter Travis (medieval scholar)

Peter W. Travis an emeritus professor of English and Creative Writing at Dartmouth College. Travis received a BA from Bates College, an MA from Trinity College, and a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago. He is a medieval scholar specializing in the works of Chaucer, most notably The Nun's Priest's Tale. He lives in Hanover, New Hampshire.
Travis published Dramatic Design in the Chester Cycle (University of Chicago Press, 1982) and Disseminal Chaucer, Rereading the Nun's Priest's Tale (Notre Dame, 2010), which won the Warren-Brooks Award for Outstanding Literary Criticism. He has published widely in scholarly Journals including Studies in the Age of Chaucer. Travis has designed a course on contemporary Masculinities.
# KFF Albiks

KFF Albiks were an Albanian women's professional football club based in Rubik. They last competed in Kategoria Superiore Femra during the 2010–11 season, finishing at the bottom table in a nine-team league.

## History

The small town of Rubik is renowned for its Minatori women's volleyball team and local football hero, Fatmir Vata, a former Albania national team player who competed in the German Bundesliga for Arminia Bielefeld.
Efforts to form a women's football team in Rubik date back to the late 1990s, when amateur coaches Zef Lleshi and Nikoll Doçi recruited several young talents such as Majlinda Malshi, Flora Ndoji, Vera Sako, Valbona and Vera Lleshi, Ida Ndreca, Diana Lleshi, Lola Lusha, Vera Gjoni and Lati Ruçi.
With the support of Prengë Gjergji (Kaçaçi), Ilir Gjergji, Pashk Zefi, Viktor Pepa, Sandër Marku, Leonard Vuka, and Mark Ruçi, a women's team was established in the summer of 2007 – Albiks – a name paying homage to the local fans.
The team made its debut in the Promotion Cup held in Sarandë in 2007, under the coaching of Prengë Gjergji (Kaçaçi) and Flora Jushi. They later participated in Albania's first national women's football championships, achieving modest results. Interestingly, three American members of the Peace Corps stationed in Rubik at the time, Kathleen Gustafsson, Trisha Elizabeth and Frances Anderson also joined and played for the team.
# The Spiders (American band)

The Spiders were an American R&B vocal group from New Orleans who recorded in the 1950s. Within a span of two years, the group had all five of their entries on the US Billboard R&B chart.
The group was founded as a gospel group in 1947 under the name Zion City Harmonizers, and later sang as the Delta Southernaires, recording and performing on radio under the latter name in 1952–1953. Cosimo Matassa convinced them to begin singing secular music, and in 1953 the five-piece, based around brothers Hayward "Chuck" Carbo (1926–2008) and Leonard "Chick" Carbo (1927–1998), signed with Imperial Records, under the name The Spiders. They had several U.S. hits on the R&B chart in the middle of the decade, including their first single "I Didn't Want to Do It" (R&B #3, 1954), "I'm Slippin' In" (R&B #6, 1954), "21" (R&B #9, 1955), and "Witchcraft" (R&B #5, 1956). The latter was co-written by Dave Bartholomew and was later covered by Elvis Presley.
Members Joe Maxon and Matthew West left the group in 1955 and were replaced by Issachar (Izzycoo) Gordon and Bill Moore. Chick Carbo signed with Atlantic Records as a solo artist late in 1956, and by the next year the group had splintered; their last single as a group was 1957's "That's My Desire", though the song "Tennessee Slim", recorded in the middle of the decade, was issued as a single in 1960.
Chuck Carbo later recorded for Rounder Records, releasing an album in 1993. Chick Carbo died in 1998, Chuck in 2008.
The group's name inspired the group led by Buddy Holly to name themselves The Crickets.

## Members

* Hayward "Chuck" Carbo
* Leonard "Chick" Carbo
* Joe Maxon
* Matthew West
* Bill Moore
* Issacher Gordon
* Oliver Howard
# Miller JM-2

The Miller JM-2 was an American Formula One Air Racing homebuilt aircraft that was designed by Jim W Miller and produced by JW Miller Aviation of Marble Falls, Texas. When it was available, the aircraft was supplied in the form of plans for construction by amateurs.

## Design and development

Miller opted for an unorthodox configuration in developing a racing aircraft that would be as fast as possible on 100 hp (75 kW). The JM-2 features a cantilever mid-wing, a single-seat enclosed open cockpit under a bubble canopy, tricycle landing gear with fixed main wheels and a retractable nose wheel, and a single engine in pusher configuration, mounted within a fan shroud, with the spinner acting as the aircraft's tailcone. The fan shroud structure provides a place to mount the rudders and the tailplane is mounted high in T-tail configuration as an extension of the shroud. There is a small canard surface mounted on the nose.
The aircraft is of mixed construction, with the fuselage made from four fiberglass panels and the 15.0 ft (4.6 m) span wing covered in fiberglass and resin-reinforced honeycomb material. As required by the Formula One rules, the engine used was a 100 hp (75 kW) Continental O-200B powerplant, the "B" being the pusher-configured version of the engine.
The JM-2 has an empty weight of 630 lb (290 kg) and a gross weight of 1,100 lb (500 kg), giving a useful load of 470 lb (210 kg). With full fuel of 12 U.S. gallons (45 L; 10.0 imp gal) the payload is 398 lb (181 kg).
The JM-2 was further developed into the one-of-a-kind racing aircraft, the Miller-Bohannon JM-2 Pushy Galore.

## Operational history

By October 2013, three examples had been registered in the United States with the Federal Aviation Administration including the sole Miller-Bohannon JM-2 Pushy Galore. None of the aircraft remain registered.
One of the two stock JM-2s built was destroyed while racing in the Reno Air Races at Reno, Nevada on 15 September 1989, when it flew through a dust devil and broke up in flight, killing the pilot.

## Specifications (JM-2)

Data from Plane and Pilot
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Length: 19 ft 0 in (5.79 m)
* Wingspan: 15 ft 0 in (4.57 m)
* Empty weight: 630 lb (286 kg)
* Gross weight: 1,100 lb (499 kg)
* Fuel capacity: 12 U.S. gallons (45 L; 10.0 imp gal)
* Powerplant: 1 × Continental O-200B four cylinder, air-cooled, four stroke aircraft engine, 100 hp (75 kW)
* Propellers: 4-bladed fan mounted in a ducted shroud
Performance
* Maximum speed: 235 mph (378 km/h, 204 kn)
* Cruise speed: 190 mph (310 km/h, 170 kn)
* Stall speed: 70 mph (110 km/h, 61 kn)
* Range: 300 mi (480 km, 260 nmi)
* Rate of climb: 1,600 ft/min (8.1 m/s)
# Raes

Raes is a Dutch patronymic surname most common in East Flanders. The archaic given name Raes or Raas was short for Erasmus or was a derivative the Middle Dutch male name Razo. People with this surname include:
* Albert Raes (born 1932), Belgian magistrate and head of the Belgian Security Services
* Anouk Raes (born 1988), Belgian field hockey player
* Godfried-Willem Raes (born 1952), Belgian composer, performer and instrument maker
* Hugo Raes (1929–2013), Belgian novelist
* Maurice Raes (1907–1992), Belgian racing cyclist
* Roeland Raes (1934–2024), Belgian jurist and politician
* Tom Raes (born 1988), Belgian footballer
# Shi Nai'an

Shi Nai'an (Chinese: 施耐庵; pinyin: Shī Nài'ān, c. 1296–1372) was a Chinese writer from the Yuan and early Ming periods. Shuihu zhuan (Water Margin), one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature, is traditionally attributed to him. There are few reliable sources for his biography, much less his literary activity.

## Biography

Little is known about Shi. Traditionally, it was believed that he was a teacher of Luo Guanzhong, the editor or author of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, another of the Four Great Classical Novels. The recent Chinese scholar Ge Liangyan writes that little is known about Luo, and about Shi even less. Late Ming and early Qing scholars claimed that Shi lived near the end of the Yuan dynasty and that he was a native of Hangzhou, but they may have been echoing each other or citing the conjectures that they did not endorse. The early 20th century scholar Lu Xun thought that the name "Shi Nai'an" might have been invented by composers of a later edition of the novel.
Shortly after World War II, a memorial tablet bearing Shi's name was found in Xinghua county, Jiangsu, and in the early 1950s a team of researches was sent to investigate. The chief investigator declared "Not even the faintest vestige of Shi Nai'an was found to be there." Evidence in a family genealogy seemed to affirm his identity, but it is not clear that the genealogy was authentic. Ge Liangyan concludes that the debate over the existence of Shi will "never lead to a conclusive end." He adds that in any case, we will not be able to determine whether either Luo or Shi, if they existed, were involved with the compilation of Shuihu zhuan.
The Shi Nai'an Literary Prize is named in his honour.
# Vichitra Chiraprabha

Princess Vichitra Chiraprabha (Thai: วิจิตรจิรประภา; RTGS: Wichit Chiraprapha; 21 April 1881 – 15 August 1881) was a Princess of Siam (later Thailand). She was a member of the Siamese royal family, the daughter of Chulalongkorn.
Her mother was Queen Savang Vadhana, consort and half-sister of King Chulalongkorn (later become Queen Sri Savarindira, the Queen Grandmother). She was the eldest daughter and the third child of King Chulalongkorn and Queen Savang Vadhana together. She was given the full name by her father as Vichitra Chiraprabha Adulyadirekratana Khattiyarajakumari (Thai: วิจิตรจิรประภา อดุลยาดิเรกรัตน ขัตติยราชกุมารี)
She died in infancy on 15 August 1881, at the age of 3 months.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Vichitra Chiraprabha :
# Beizhai station

Beizhai (Chinese: 北宅) is a station on Line 11 of the Qingdao Metro. It opened on 23 April 2018.

## Gallery

* Exterior
* Entrance B
* Concourse
# World Collection

World Collection is a series of Japanese releases for original Xbox games published by Microsoft, featuring select overseas (North American and European) titles, released at a reduced price compared to normal releases. Titles in this series retain their original overseas cover artwork with a "World Collection" border, and are left entirely in English, with a Japanese-language manual. The series was launched in October 2003, with regular releases every 2-3 months until August 2005.
| English Title | Japanese Release Date | Original Publisher |
| X-Men Legends | January 27, 2005 | Activision |
| Rocky: Legends | January 27, 2005 | Ubisoft |
| Dead Man's Hand | September 2, 2004 | Atari |
| Shrek 2 | December 16, 2004 | Activision |
| Rapala Pro Fishing | August 31, 2004 | Activision |
| Wakeboarding Unleashed featuring Shaun Murray | December 25, 2003 | Activision |
| Outlaw Volleyball | October 23, 2003 | Simon & Schuster Interactive |
| Buffy the Vampire Slayer: Chaos Bleeds | December 25, 2003 | Vivendi Universal Games |
| Star Wars Jedi Knight: Jedi Academy | September 2, 2004 | LucasArts |
| The Simpsons: Hit & Run | December 25, 2003 | Vivendi Universal Games |
| Voodoo Vince | July 22, 2004 | Microsoft Game Studios |
| Tony Hawk's Underground | May 20, 2004 | Activision |
| Hunter: The Reckoning – Redeemer | January 22, 2004 | Vivendi Universal Games |
| Magic: The Gathering - Battlegrounds | July 22, 2004 | Atari |
| Metal Arms: Glitch in the System | May 20, 2004 | Microsoft Game Studios |
| NBA Inside Drive 2004 | January 22, 2004 | Microsoft Game Studios |
| Links 2004 | March 25, 2004 | Microsoft Game Studios |
| Dr. Seuss' The Cat in the Hat | March 25, 2004 | Vivendi Universal Games |
| SWAT: Global Strike Team | December 16, 2004 | Vivendi Universal Games |
| Tao Feng: Fist of the Lotus | October 23, 2003 | Microsoft Game Studios |
| X2: Wolverine's Revenge | July 22, 2004 | Activision |
| Return to Castle Wolfenstein: Tides of War | December 5, 2003 | Activision |
| Inside Pitch 2003 | October 23, 2003 | Microsoft Game Studios |
| Atari Anthology | August 4, 2005 | Atari |
| NFL Fever 2004 | October 23, 2003 | Microsoft Game Studios |
| Unreal Championship | January 22, 2004 | Atari |
| Outlaw Golf | October 23, 2003 | Simon & Schuster |
| Counter Strike | March 25, 2004 | Microsoft Game Studios |
# Monocoupe Model 22

The Central States Aircraft Model 22, Velie Monocoupe, or Monocoupe Model 22 was the first in a series of small, high-performance high-wing monoplanes from Monocoupe Aircraft.

## Development

The Monocooupe model 22 was drawn up by Clayton Folkerts to Luscombe's design criteria.

## Design

The Model 22 was a high-wing conventional geared aircraft with side by side seating. The prototype was powered by a 60 hp Detroit air-cat engine. Some were installed with Anzani engines.

## Operational history

The prototype monocoupe was first flown on 1 April 1927. The certified version of the Model 22 was approved in January 1928. By the time of certification, the Velie company had bought Central States Aircraft, switching production of the Model 22 with the air-cat engine to the Model 70 with a Velie M-5. Approximately 20 Model 22's were built.

## Variants

* Model 70 - The production successor with a Velie M-5 engine

## Specifications (Monocoupe Model 22)

Data from Wings of Yesteryear
General characteristics
* Capacity: 2
* Length: 19 ft 9 in (6.02 m)
* Height: 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m)
* Empty weight: 795 lb (361 kg)
* Powerplant: 1 × Detroit Air Cat 5 cylinder radial, 60 hp (45 kW)
Performance
# Tommaso Caudera

Tommaso Caudera (born 26 July 1907) was an Italian professional football player.
* This biographical article related to association football in Italy, about a midfielder born from 1900 to 1909, is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Puli station

Puli (Chinese: 浦里) is a station on Line 11 of the Qingdao Metro. It opened on 23 April 2018.

## Gallery

* Exterior
* Concourse
# 16th Indian Division

The 16th Indian Division was an infantry division of the Indian Army during the First World War. It was formed in December 1916, during the First World War. It was the only war formed division of the British Indian Army that was not sent overseas, instead it was sent to guard the North West Frontier. The division took over the responsibilities of the 3rd Lahore Divisional Area when it was disbanded in May 1917.
The 16th Division was called into action for the Waziristan Campaign in 1917, the 45th (Jullundur) Brigade under command of Brigadier Reginald Dyer were responsible for the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. In 1919, they were sent into Afghanistan during the Third Afghan War.
The division was not reformed for the Second World War.

## Order of Battle

The division was composed as follows:

### 43rd Indian Brigade

* 2/6th Battalion Royal Sussex Regiment
* 2nd Battalion 12th Pioneers
* 1st Battalion 124th Duchess of Connaught's Own Baluchistan
* 1st Battalion 4th Gurkha Rifles

### 44th (Ferozepore) Brigade

Joined the division in February 1917:
* 1/9th Battalion Hampshire Regiment
* 2nd Battalion 17th Infantry
* 2nd Battalion 30th Punjabis (Replaced by the 3rd battalion August 1918)

### 45th (Jullundur) Brigade

Joined the division in May 1917:
* 1/25th Battalion London Regiment
* 3rd Battalion 23rd Sikh Pioneers
* 55th Coke's Rifles (Frontier Force)
* 1st Battalion 151st Sikh Infantry
In the Third Afghan War the formation was:
* 1 Squadron 37th Lancers (Baluch Horse)
* 1/25th Battalion London Regiment
* 2nd Battalion 41st Dogras
* 2nd Battalion 69th Punjabis
* 2nd Battalion 150th Infantry
* 57th Wilde's Rifles (Frontier Force)
* 1 Company 2/4th Battalion Border Regiment
* 23rd (Peshawar) Mountain Battery (Frontier Force)

### Ambala Brigade

Joined the division in May 1917:
* 1/9th Battalion Middlesex Regiment
* 4th Battalion 30th Punjabis

### Divisional troops

* 23rd Battalion Rifle Brigade
* 2nd Battalion 10th Jats

### Divisional Artillery

* VI Brigade, Royal Field Artillery (RFA)
* CCXVII Brigade, RFA
* CCXVIII Brigade, RFA
* CCXXI Brigade, RFA
# Coughlin–Alumni Stadium

Coughlin–Alumni Stadium was a stadium in Brookings, South Dakota, United States, on the campus of South Dakota State University. It was the home venue of the South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team. The stadium opened in 1962. Demolition of the stadium began on November 9, 2015. Capacity at the time of its closing was 16,700 spectators.
# Kolly

Kolly may refer to:
* Gilbert Kolly (born 1951), Swiss judge
* Herbert Kolly (born 1969), Swiss freestyle skier
* Nicolas Kolly (born 1986), Swiss politician
* Rachel Kolly d'Alba (born 1981), Swiss violinist
* Sandra Kolly (born 1974), Swiss sport shooter
* Urs Kolly (born 1968), Swiss athlete
# Michael Ron

Michael Ron (Hebrew: מיכאל רון; born 15 August 1932) is a retired Israeli fencer. He competed in the individual sabre event at the 1960 Summer Olympics at the age of 28. He was eliminated in Round One after he won one bout (defeating Mohamed Ben Joullon of Morocco) and lost four.
# Rajasthan Financial Corporation

Rajasthan Financial Corporation (RFC) is the term lending development financial institution in Rajasthan state in India. It provides finance to small and medium scale enterprises. It was set up by Government of Rajasthan in 1955.The corporation has 37 branches and 5 sub offices in 33 districts of the State. Every state of India has its own financial corporation. The headquarter of RFC is at Jaipur.
# Victor Mikhalevski

Victor (Viktor) Mikhalevski (Hebrew: ויקטור מיכלבסקי; born 8 July 1972) is an Israeli chess grandmaster who lives in Beersheba.

## Career

Mikhalevski was born in Gomel, Belarus. He played for Israel as second reserve (+4 –1 =2) in the 37th Chess Olympiad in Turin 2006 and at third board (+1 -1 =4) in the 17th European Team Championship at Novi Sad 2009.
He won the Calvià Open in Majorca, Spain in October 2007, winning in each of the first seven rounds to finish with a score of 8/9 for a performance of 2876. Kevin Spraggett was second at 7/9. He also won a category 12 invitational tournament at Montreal in 2005 with 8/11 (+5 -0 =6) and tied for first at the 2008 Canadian Open Chess Championship in Montreal, with 6/9. He also was Israeli Vice-Champion in 1998 and tied for first in 1996 in Jerusalem and in 2008 in Haifa.
Amongst the other major tournaments, he won Israeli U-20 championship in 1991 and 1992 and tied for 2nd to 3rd in the Israeli Open Chess Championship in 1993. He also won the 1993 First Saturday tournament in Budapest with 10 out of 13, the 1994 International Festival in Tel Aviv, the 1995 Open tournament in Paris and the Tel Aviv Open, the 1997 International Festival in Rishon-Lezion, Israel, 2nd VAM Open in Hoogeveen, Netherlands in 1998, the 1998 14th International Festival in Tel Aviv, 2000 Open Championship of Rishon Lezion, Israel, the 2002 International Festival in Biel, Switzerland(rapid), 6th Itau Cup in São Paulo, Brazil, 1st and 2nd International tournaments in San Salvador, El Salvador in 2002 and 2003, 2003 Quebec Open in Montreal, Quebec, Canada in all 3 sections (classical, rapid, blitz), 2005 Lake George Open, New York, US, 2006 category 10 Spring Invitational in Schaumburg, Illinois, US, with 7.5 out of 9, 2006 GM Slugfest in Bellevue, Washington, US, 2007 Curaçao Chess festival, Netherlands Antilles, 7.5 out of 9.
He tied for first in the 1999 Lost Boys tournament in Antwerpen, Belgium, 2003 First International Festival in Ashdod, Israel, 2004 International festival in Drammen, Norway, with 8 out of 9, 2006 International Festival in Ashdod, Israel, 2006 International tournament in Coamo, Puerto Rico, 2007 World Open in Philadelphia, US, 2007 Miami Open, Florida, US, 2009 4th Edmonton International, Canada and 2009 North American Open in Las Vegas, Nevada, US. In 2010, he tied for 2nd–5th with Michael Adams, Evgeniy Najer and Jiří Štoček the 14th Chicago Open, and later in the same year he was a member of the bronze medal-winning Israel team for the 39th Chess Olympiad.
Mikhalevski was awarded the IM title in 1993 and the GM title in 1996.
In 2014 he won the Israeli championship.
He competed at the 2017 Maccabiah Games.
In 2019, he won 2nd- 4th place in the Israeli Open Championships along with Gad Rechlis and Michal Lahav with 7/9 points.

## Life and family

Victor's brother is Alexander Mikhalevski, an international master in chess.
# Siva Shankar

Siva Shankar is a 2004 Indian Telugu-language action drama film starring Mohan Babu and Soundarya. The film is directed by Kapuganti Rajendra, who previously worked under Dasari Narayana Rao and Soundarya's last film in Telugu. Shiva Shankar is inspired by the 2002 Hollywood film Road to Perdition. The film is presented by Mohan Babu's son Manchu Vishnu. This is the posthumous film for Soundarya in Telugu, released after her death.

## Cast

* Mohan Babu as Siva Shankar / Sivaji
* Soundarya as Padma
* Natanya Singh
* Raja Murad as Sobhanadri
* Riyaz Khan as Hemadri
* Jaya Prakash Reddy
* Ponnambalam
* Mohan Raj
* Ahuti Prasad as a car driver
* Brahmanandam
* Ali as a hotel owner
* L. B. Sriram
* Venu Madhav
* AVS
* Bandla Ganesh
* Raghunatha Reddy
* Ananth
* Chitti Babu
* G. V. Sudhakar Naidu
* Raghu Babu
* Abhinayashree
* Master Abhinav
* Master Vamsi

## Soundtrack

Soundtrack was composed by Ilaiyaraaja. The audio launch was held at Annapurna Studios on 31 July 2004. Several film celebrities attended the event. The song "Endhirayyo" was based on Raja's own Tamil song "Maanguyile" from Karagattakaran.

## Reception

Jeevi of Idlebrain.com gave the film a rating of two-and-a-half out of five and wrote that "The plus points of the film are performance of Mohan Babu and music by Ilayaraja. The main drawback of the film is old-fashioned narration and taking". A critic from Sify wrote that "Direction by Kapuganti Rajendra is not up to the mark but music by Ilayaraja is melodious and the background score is worth mentioning". A critic from Full Hyderabad stated that "Shrill drama, violent costumes and blaring choreography – everything the posters promise you, and nothing you don’t see coming".