OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Firearm and Sword Possession Control Law

The Firearm and Sword Possession Control Law (Japanese: 銃砲刀剣類所持等取締法, Hepburn: Jūhō Tōken-rui Shoji-tō Torishimari-hō) is a 1958 Japanese law concerning firearms (and firearm parts/ammunition) and bladed weapons. It was enacted in 1958 and revised a number of times, most recently in 2008.

## Background

Gun and sword control started in Japan as early as the late 16th century under Toyotomi Hideyoshi in order to disarm peasants and control uprisings. Since then, control on guns became increasingly strict for civilians, leading to a number of revisions and new laws during the Meiji Restoration. After World War II, the Japanese military was disarmed, which led to the Japanese government eventually enacting the Swords and Firearms Possession Control Law in 1958 to prevent gang fights involving guns and swords.

## Contents

The initial law was enacted in 1958 with the stated purpose of "safety regulations necessary for the prevention of harm related to the possession and use of firearms and swords". The regulations and prohibitions within largely concern the possession, use, import, discharge, conveyance, receipt, and sale of firearms and firearm parts, including regulations to follow in order to obtain permission to have a gun, but retains past restrictions on swords and other bladed weapons. Handguns are completely prohibited.
The law has been amended multiple times in response to various incidents involving guns. Major revisions include the addition of a ban on importation and raising the age to own a hunting rifle in 1965, and tighter restrictions on shotguns and the shortening of acceptable double-edged blades and daggers to 5.5 centimetres (2.2 in) in response to attacks in 2008.

## Effects on society

Due to the tight control of firearms, very few people in Japan own a gun. Additionally, gun-related crimes are extremely low; in the past 30 years, the year with the highest amount of gun-related deaths was 39 in 2001, and as low as 4 in 2009.
Japan as a whole is largely uninterested in firearms: Graduating police officers most often choose judo and kendo over firearms training. The country's culture doesn't have a history of widespread gun ownership by citizens. Instead, historic influence have made weapons to be seen as "the mark of the rulers, not the ruled". The public's perception is that guns are inherently dangerous and need to be controlled.
Police stations have guns kept in locked cases, but police very rarely use them. Even during student riots involving Molotov cocktails, the police did not employ any guns.
The effect on organized crime is that Yakuza syndicates still employ Walther P38 and Tokarev pistols from the 20th century, mainly smuggled in from China, Russia and North Korea. The cheap cost of such antiquated guns (compared to the high cost of more modern guns on the black market), as well as the Yakuza's cultural preference for traditional Japanese swords, explain their continued reliance on the aforementioned handgun models.
# Platycholeus leptinoides

Platycholeus leptinoides is a species of small carrion beetle in the family Leiodidae. It is found in North America. It is known to be termitophilous.
# Sobarocephala latifacies

Sobarocephala latifacies is a species of fly in the family Clusiidae.
# Wellawaya

Wellawaya (Sinhala: වැල්ලවාය, romanized: Vællavāya; Tamil: வெல்லவாய, romanized: Vellavāyā) is a town located in Monaragala District, Uva Province of Sri Lanka.

## History

On 25 August 1630 a major battle took place near Wellawaya between Portuguese forces and the Sinhalese under the command of King Rajasinghe II, which resulted in a complete rout of the Portuguese army.
Wellawaya is where the first armed attack occurred, on 5 April 1971, by the communist Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) against the Government of Ceylon, under Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike.
# Uragasmanhandiya

Uragasmanhandiya is a town in Galle District, Southern Province, Sri Lanka.
6°21′N 80°06′E﻿ / ﻿6.350°N 80.100°E﻿ / 6.350; 80.100
* This Southern Province, Sri Lanka location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Çavuşlar, Bingöl

Çavuşlar (Kurdish: Perxûngoka corîn) is a village in the Bingöl District, Bingöl Province, Turkey. The village had a population of 2,270 in 2021.
# Presidential Chief of Staff

The Malacañang Chief of Staff, named after Malacañang Palace, the official residence of the president of the Philippines, also referred to as the "presidential chief of staff," was an official position under the Office of the President of the Philippines. President Joseph Estrada created the position in February 16, 2000, but described it as only being a "temporary" position. However, this position was carried over to the administration of his successor, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, before being abolished in February 26, 2008.

## Powers and functions

Under the Administration of Presidents Estrada and Arroyo, the Office of the Presidential Chief of Staff held the schedule of the President in coordination with the Cabinet officer for presidential engagements, as well as supervise the President's activities and engagements. The chief of staff post also "controlled access to the President," and "provide good, wise, and honest counsel" to the country's top leader, based on AO No. 138, series of 2006. Aside from these, the Palace chief of staff reviews the documents intended for the President, advocates for their strategic policies and programs, and builds bridges with "critical stakeholders" that include the Cabinet, judiciary, and lobbyists. The official also guard[s] the President’s interests and Protect the President from forces that could destroy the Administration. Upon the Abolishment of the office and the position, all Powers and Functions are transferred to the Office of the Executive Secretary.

## List

| Name | Term Began | Term Ended | President |
| Aprodicio Laquian | February 16, 2000 | March 28, 2000 | Joseph Ejercito Estrada |
| Renato Corona | January 20, 2001 | April 9, 2002 | Gloria Macapagal Arroyo |
| Rigoberto Tiglao | April 9, 2002 | 2004 | Gloria Macapagal Arroyo |
| Norberto Gonzales | 2004 | 2005 | Gloria Macapagal Arroyo |
| Mike Defensor | February 15, 2006 | February 10, 2007 | Gloria Macapagal Arroyo |
| Joey Salceda | February 10, 2007 | March 29, 2007 | Gloria Macapagal Arroyo |

## Other chiefs of staff

Other political positions have chiefs of staff, the vice president's office under Leni Robredo and Sara Duterte and all other Key Departments of the Government.
# Caenocara

Caenocara is a genus of beetles in the family Ptinidae. Members of this genus are sometimes called puffball beetles.

## Selected species

* Caenocara affine Boheman, 1858
* Caenocara bicolor Germar, 1824
* Caenocara blanchardi Fall, 1905
* Caenocara bovistae Hoffmann, 1803
* Caenocara californicum LeConte, 1878
* Caenocara frontale Fall, 1905
* Caenocara ineptum Fall, 1905
* Caenocara laterale LeConte, 1878
* Caenocara neomexicanum Fall, 1905
* Caenocara nigricorne Manee, 1915
* Caenocara oculata Say, 1824
* Caenocara ovale Fall, 1905
* Caenocara scymnoides LeConte, 1865
* Caenocara simile Say, 1835
* Caenocara subglobosum Mulsant & Rey, 1864
* Caenocara tenuipalpum Fall, 1905
# Creaserinus gordoni

Creaserinus gordoni, the Camp Shelby burrowing crayfish, is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is endemic to Camp Shelby in Mississippi.
The IUCN conservation status of Creaserinus gordoni is "NT", near threatened. The species may be considered threatened in the near future. The IUCN status was reviewed in 2010. The species enjoys some protection under a Candidate Conservation Agreement, between Mississippi National Guard and The Nature Conservancy.
# Oliarces

Oliarces is a genus of moth lacewings in the family Ithonidae, containing a single described species, O. clara.
# Chlorochroa granulosa

Chlorochroa granulosa is a species of stink bug in the family Pentatomidae. It is found in North America.
# Melanorhopala clavata

Melanorhopala clavata is a species of lace bug in the family Tingidae. It is found in North America.
# Ataxic respiration

Ataxic respirations, also known as Biot's respirations or Biot's breathing, is an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by variable tidal volume, random apneas, and no regularity. It is named for Camille Biot, who characterized it in 1876. Biot's respiration is caused by damage to the medulla oblongata and pons due to trauma, stroke, opioid use, and increased intracranial pressure due to uncal or tentorial herniation. Often this condition is also associated with meningitis. In common medical practice, Biot's respiration is often mistaken for Cheyne–Stokes respiration, part of which may have been caused by them both being described by the same person and subtle differences between the types of breathing.
Ataxic respirations were discovered by Dr. Camille Biot in the late 19th century as he wrote multiple papers analyzing subtle differences in Cheyne-Stokes respirations in patients admitted to Hôtel Dieu Hospital.

## Etymology

The word ataxia is commonly used in the medical literature. Examining the word "taxis," meaning order or organization, and "a," meaning without, the resulting meaning is "without order". Hence, ataxic respirations should equate to respirations without order, which is accurate.

## Etiology

Ataxic respirations are caused by damage to the medulla oblongata (respiratory center of the brainstem) due to strokes or trauma. It generally indicates a poor prognosis and usually progresses to complete apnea.

## Diagnosis and management

Advances in medical care may be masking the presence of ataxic respirations. This could be related to the fact that the treatment for ataxic respirations typically results in intubation immediately upon diagnosis, with mechanical ventilation to regulate patients' breathing. Furthermore, patients will often be intubated and on mechanical ventilation prior to the onset of ataxic respirations.

## Related patterns

Ataxic respirations are one of many unique respiration styles in an ill patient. There is an apparent controversy surrounding the novelty of ataxic respirations versus the well-known Cheyne-Stokes and cluster respirations, which Dr. Camille Biot deemed mutually exclusive. Notably, Dr. Miller Fisher was able to identify ataxic respirations in comatose patients differentiating the breathing from cluster breathing.
# Laxman Lamsal

Laxman Lamsal (Nepali:लक्ष्मण लम्साल) is a Nepalese politician who serves as a member of the Bagmati Provincial Assembly. Lamsal was elected from Kavrepalanchowk 2 (B) constituency.
# The Morning News (Bangladeshi newspaper)

The Morning News was a right-wing English language newspaper published from Dhaka.

## History

The Morning News started as a weekly English language newspaper in Kolkata. It was owned by Khwaja Nooruddin who was a relative of the Nawab of Dhaka, and Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin. It moved to Dhaka on 20 March 1949 following the Partition of India. On 25 December 1949, it started publishing as a daily newspaper. The editor of the newspaper was Badruddin. In 1960's, The National Press Trust, which was a government-owned organization, took over and operated directly a number of the more prominent newspapers. Among these were two of the three principal English-language newspapers, the Pakistan Times, which has the largest circulation, and the Morning News. On 24 January 1971, the offices of The Morning News and the other pro-Pakistan military junta newspaper, Dainik Pakistan, were burned down by protestors. On 2 March 1971, Pakistani soldiers shot at protesters outside the newspaper office at DIT intersection around 9:30 pm. After the Independence of Bangladesh in 1971 Shamsul Huda became the editor. The newspaper was banned in 1975 by the BAKSAL government.

## Ideology

The Morning News was supportive of the Muslim League faction led by Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin. The Morning News was against the Language Movement in 1952. It called the movement demanding Bengali be made the state language of Pakistan a conspiracy of Indians and Hindus. The newspaper took a communal stance.
# Brachinulus

Brachinulus viettei is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae, the only species in the genus Brachinulus.
# Peter Ali

Peter Ali (born 22 May 1956) is an Australian basketball player who played for the Adelaide 36ers in the National Basketball League (NBL). He competed in the men's tournament at the 1980 Summer Olympics.

## Biography

Ali was born in Adelaide in 1956, playing his first game when he was six years old. He played his first match in the National Basketball League for the West Adelaide Bearcats in February 1979. In 1980, Ali was selected by the Australia men's national basketball team to take part in the men's basketball tournament at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.
Ali played for the Adelaide 36ers when they won the 1986 NBL season, when Adelaide put together the best season record in the history of the NBL. Ali's role for the team has been described as key to their title win. In the game that decided the season, Ali scored eleven points.
Ali played in a total of 259 NBL matches, across eleven seasons, for the West Adelaide Bearcats and the Adelaide 36ers. This included two NBL titles, in 1982 and 1986. He also played in more than 500 games at State League level.
Following his playing career, Ali coached the 36ers and the West Adelaide teams, and was inducted into the BSA Hall of Fame. He also became the chief executive of the McLaren Vale Grape Wine and Tourism Association. In 2001, Ali became the new Chief Executive of the National Basketball League. Prior to his appointment, Ali had been the General Manager of Netball South Australia for two years.
Since 2016, Ali was still living in Adelaide, and was working as the CEO of Legacy SA.
# Anand Jain

Anand Jain (born 1957) is an Indian business executive. He is the Chairman of Jai Corp. Limited.
Anand Jain was No. 11 on the Forbes India's 40 Richest list in 2007. His son, Harsh Jain, is the co-founder and CEO of the Indian fantasy sports company Dream11.

## Business career

According to an article published in The Economic Times in 2005, Anand Jain was first noted in Reliance in the mid-1980s, when he crushed the bear cartel led by Manu Manek, the then kingpin of Bombay Stock Exchange. Later, he emerged as a key figure in the running of the day-to-day operations of the Reliance Group, particularly its telecom venture Reliance Infocomm. In January 2005, Anil Ambani (brother of Mukesh Ambani) resigned as vice chairman and director of IPCL, citing his differences with Anand Jain. In June 2005, media reported that Jain would step down from the IPCL board after a settlement was announced between the two Ambani brothers. However, in July 2005, it was reported that he has stayed on the IPCL board.
Anand Jain has been closely associated with the Fortune 500 Reliance Group for over 25 years. He served as the vice-chairman of Reliance Capital and also on the Reliance group company Indian Petro Chemicals Ltd. (IPCL).
Anand Jain served on the board of trustees of Mumbai Port Trust twice for two years each and also on the Jawaharlal Nehru Port from April 1994 to March 1995. He is also a director of Rewas Port Limited. He is an adviser to the Urban Infrastructure Real Estate Fund, which has raised US$500 million from international investors, and along with the local participation of US$60 million, the total fund size is US$560 million.
Anand Jain is also the Chairman of Urban Infrastructure Venture Capital Limited, which manages the Urban Infrastructure Venture Capital Fund. He is also a director of the following ventures:
Presently a senior executive with the Reliance Group, Anand Jain, is involved in the first greenfield Special Economic Zone (SEZ) at Mumbai.
Anand Jain is a member of the Managing Council of Sir H. N. Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Centre. He has been appointed by the Government of Maharashtra as a member of the "Empowered Committee for Transformation of Mumbai into a World-Class City." He is also a member of the "Citizens Action Group," dedicated to bringing Mumbai on the international map.
# Hermetia chrysopila

Hermetia chrysopila is a species of soldier fly in the family Stratiomyidae.

## Distribution

Mexico, United States.
# U.S. Route 30 in West Virginia

U.S. Route 30 (US 30) is the portion of the United States Numbered Highway System that travels east–west across the state of West Virginia along what was previously West Virginia Route 79 (WV 79).

## Route description

US 30 in West Virginia starts off at the corner of the Ohio River, where it immediately runs into Chester. After about 0.4 miles (0.64 km), the highway has an interchange with WV 2. The freeway portion that was carried over from Ohio ends shortly after. After an intersection with WV 8, US 30 continues into Pennsylvania. The overall length is 3.4 miles (5.5 km), making this segment of US 30 the shortest.

## History

The Lincoln Highway was realigned in 1927, and it was redesignated as US 30 for about five miles (8.0 km) in West Virginia.

## Junction list

The entire route is in Hancock County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Ohio River | 0.00 | 0.00 | US 30 west / SR 11 north / SR 39 west – East Liverpool | Continuation into Ohio |
| Ohio River | 0.00 | 0.00 | SR 39 east – Midland | Jennings Randolph Bridge; interchange extends into Ohio |
| Chester | 0.4– 0.7 | 0.64– 1.1 | WV 2 south – Chester | East end of freeway, northern terminus of WV 2 |
| ​ | 2.5 | 4.0 | WV 8 south – New Manchester | Northern terminus of WV 8 |
| ​ | 3.4 | 5.5 | US 30 east (Lincoln Highway) – Pittsburgh | Continuation into Pennsylvania |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# Splashdown (disambiguation)

A splashdown is the landing of a spacecraft or launch vehicle in a body of water.
Splashdown may also refer to:
* "Splashdown" (seaQuest DSV), the second-season finale of seaQuest DSV
* Splashdown (band), a rock / trip hop band from Massachusetts
* Splashdown (video game), a 2001 console video game series (Splashdown and Splashdown: Rides Gone Wild) about racing jet-skis
* Splashdown (Hot Tuna album), 1984
* Splashdown (Breakwater album), 1980
* Splashdown Waterparks, two British water parks, Splashdown Poole and Splashdown Quaywest
* Splashdown, an element on roller coasters
* Splashdown, a minor superhero from The Incredibles
* Splashdown (log flume)
* Splashdown (Transformers), a Transformers character
# Tennessee State Lady Tigers basketball

The Tennessee State Lady Tigers basketball team represents Tennessee State University (TSU) in women's basketball in Nashville, Tennessee. The school's team currently competes in the Ohio Valley Conference. They play their home games at the Gentry Complex.

## History

Tennessee State began play in 1977. The Lady Tigers joined the OVC in 1987. They have an all-time record (as of the end of the 2015–16 season) of 356–566.

## NCAA tournament results

| Year | Seed | Round | Opponent | Result |
| 1994 | #13 | First Round | #4 Southern Miss | L 72-86 |
| 1995 | #12 | First Round | #5 Oregon State | L 75-88 (OT) |
| 2015 | #15 | First Round | #2 Kentucky | L 52-97 |
# Alabama A&M Lady Bulldogs basketball

The Alabama A&M Lady Bulldogs basketball team is the basketball team that represents Alabama A&M University in Normal, Alabama. The school's team currently competes in the Southwestern Athletic Conference.

## History

The Bulldogs played in the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference from 1947 to 1998 before joining the SWAC. They have made two NCAA Tournament appearances, both being in Division II, which they lost in the First Round both times.

### NCAA Division II Tournament appearances

| Year | Round | Opponent | Result |
| 1991 | Semifinals | Delta State | L 90–107 |
| 1997 | First Round | Kentucky State | L 63–78 |
# Eurylochus (disambiguation)

Eurylochus is a companion of Odysseus in Greek mythology.
Eurylochus may also refer to:
* Eurylochus (Greek myth), several other figures in Greek mythology
* Eurylochus (Thessalian general) (6th century BC), Thessalian general from the Aleuadae family who fought in the First Sacred War
* Eurylochus (Spartan general) (died 426 BC), Spartan general during the Peloponnesian War, was killed at the Battle of Olpae
* Eurylochus (4th century BC), a student of Pyrrho along with Hecataeus of Abdera and others (the 'Pyrrhoneans')
# Richard Mant

Richard Mant (12 February 1776 – 2 November 1848) was an English churchman who became a bishop in Ireland. He was a prolific writer, his major work being a History of the Church of Ireland.

## Life

He was born at Southampton, where his father Richard Mant D.D. was headmaster of the King Edward VI School. He was educated at Winchester College and at Trinity College, Oxford (which he entered in 1793). His youngest sister was the writer Alicia Catherine Mant. His maternal grandfather was the scholar Joseph Bingham. He was elected a Scholar of the College in 1794, graduated with a B.A. in 1797, and became a Fellow of Oriel College in 1798 (a position he held up to 1804).
Mant was ordained in the Church of England, initially holding a curacy at Southampton in 1802. He was then appointed to the vicarage of Coggeshall, Essex in 1810, and in 1811 he became Bampton Lecturer. In 1816 he was made rector of St Botolph's, Bishopsgate, and in 1820 became Bishop of Killaloe and Kilfenora, in Ireland. In 1823 he was translated to Down and Connor, and from 1842 was the Bishop of Down, Connor and Dromore when the two dioceses united.
Richard Mant died in Ballymoney, Ireland on 2 November 1848.

## Works

In 1808 Mant published The Simpliciad, a satirical poem that parodied Poems, in Two Volumes (1807) by William Wordsworth. He gave notes relating his parodies to the originals. The aim of the work included the other Lake Poets, Robert Southey and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, with To a Young Ass by Coleridge used to tease the group as a whole. In 1832, Mant published The Gospel of Miracles, in a Series of Poetical Sketches, with Illustrative Conversations, an attempt to represent the miracles of the Saviour in verse.
Mant's Ancient Hymns from the Roman Breviary (1837) was one of the earliest collections of translated Latin hymnody in English. He belonged to a group of revivalist translators of Latin hymns, with John Chandler (1806–1876) and Isaac Williams. John Ellerton commented on his good taste, but also discerned a lack of understanding of the group of hymns he was handling. The Psalms in an English Metrical Version (1824) were influenced by Robert Lowth's theories of biblical poetry, the psalms becoming "stiff and stately odes" according to John Julian.
Other works included:
* A biblical commentary written with George D'Oyly
* History of the Church of Ireland (1839–1841; 2 vols.).
* An Appeal to the Gospel (1812), Bampton Lectures.
* The Book of Common Prayer...with Notes (1850).
* An Explanation of the Rubrics of the Book of Common Prayer (1864).

## Family

Mant married Elizabeth Wood (died 2 April 1846), of a Sussex family, on 22 December 1804. Their children were Walter Bishop Mant, another son, and a daughter.