OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Danseur noble

A danseur noble traditionally was a male ballet dancer who projected great nobility of character. Over the last century, the term has been used to define a male principal dancer who performs at the highest theatrical level combining grace with ability. Some use danseur noble as the masculine equivalent to a Prima Ballerina, or to refer to the male partner of a ballerina during a pas de deux.

## Notable examples
### Historical and retired

* Gaétan Vestris
* Charles Le Picq
* Vaslav Nijinsky
* Léonide Massine
* Serge Lifar
* Adolph Bolm
* Mikhail Mordkin
* Anton Dolin
* Theodore Kosloff
* Pavel Gerdt
* Vakhtang Chabukiani
* Pyotr Gusev
* Asaf Messerer
* Roman Jasiński
* Igor Youskevitch
* Vasily Tikhomirov
* Aleksey Yermolayev
* Nikolai Fadeyechev
* Sergei Filin
* Askold Makarov
* Konstantin Sergeyev
* Erik Bruhn
* Rudolf Nureyev
* Edward Villella
* Jean-Pierre Bonnefoux
* Nicolas Le Riche
* Carlos Acosta
* Jean Guizerix
* Vladimir Vasiliev
* Cyril Atanassoff
* Mikhail Baryshnikov
* Henning Kronstam
* Jacques d'Amboise
* Fernando Bujones
* Robert Helpmann
* Michael Somes
* Reid Anderson
* Anthony Dowell
* Wayne Eagling
* José Martinez
* Ivan Nagy
* Peter Martins
* Laurent Hilaire
* Julio Bocca
* Nikolay Tsiskaridze
* Manuel Legris
* Johan Kobborg
* Ethan Stiefel
* Maris Liepa
* Yuri Soloviev
* Alexander Godunov
* Irek Mukhamedov
* Farukh Ruzimatov
* Vladimir Malakhov

### Current

* Roberto Bolle
* Mikhail Baryshnikov
* José Manuel Carreño
* David Hallberg
* Marcelo Gomes
* Vladimir Yaroshenko
* Federico Bonelli
* Sergei Polunin
* Thiago Soares
* Rupert Pennefather
* Igor Zelensky
* Mathieu Ganio
* Stéphane Bullion
* Evan McKie
* Matthew Golding
* Igor Kolb
* Leonid Sarafanov
* Vladimir Shklyarov
* Friedemann Vogel
* Vadim Muntagirov
# Gustave Hamilton

Gustave Honoré Hamilton (27 March 1871, in Brussels – 5 January 1951, in Villefranche-sur-Mer) was a 20th-century Belgian film actor.
He was the nephew of actor, theatre director and playwright Louis Péricaud and the uncle of actor Jacques Sablon.

## Filmography

* 1911: Fafarifla ou Le filtre magique by Gaston Velle - Fafarifla
* 1911: Pendaison à Jefferson City by Jean Durand
* 1912: La Chasse à l'homme / Cent dollars mort ou vif by Jean Durand
* 1912: Le Railway de la mort by Jean Durand
* 1912: Le Révolver matrimonial by Jean Durand
* 1928: The New Gentlemen by Jacques Feyder
* 1929: Mon béguin by Hans Behrendt
* 1930: Romance à l'inconnue by René Barberis
* 1931: English As It Is Spoken by Robert Boudrioz - Arthur
* 1931: Bombance by Pierre Billon - short film - La Tomate
* 1932: Un beau mariage by Charles-Félix Tavano - short film -
* 1932: Un client de province by Charles-Félix Tavano - short film - Fanchonnet
* 1932: Billeting Order by Charles-Félix Tavano - Frère Dingois
* 1933: Le témoin by Pierre de Cuvier - short film -
* 1933: Le Grillon du foyer by Robert Boudrioz - Caleb
* 1934: Pension Mimosas by Jacques Feyder
* 1934: Studio à louer by Jean-Louis Bouquet - short film - M. Le Menhir
* 1934: The Man with a Broken Ear by Robert Boudrioz - Le docteur renaud
* 1934: Maria Chapdelaine by Julien Duvivier - Le vieux Français
* 1935: La Figurante by Charles-Félix Tavano - short film - Le commissaire
* 1935: La Mariée du régiment by Maurice Cammage
* 1935: L'ami de Monsieur by Pierre de Cuvier - short film - Chantecaille
* 1936: Une gueule en or by Pierre Colombier
* 1936: The King by Pierre Colombier
* 1937: Le concierge revient de suite by Fernand Rivers - short film -
* 1937: Ne tuez pas Dolly by Jean Delannoy - short film -
* 1937: Boissière by Fernand Rivers
* 1937: Madelon's Daughter by Georges Pallu and Jean Mugeli
* 1937: People Who Travel by Jacques Feyder
* 1937: Nights of Fire by Marcel L'Herbier
* 1938: Son oncle de Normandie / La fugue de Jim Baxter by Jean Dréville
* 1939: Menaces by Edmond T. Gréville
* 1943: Les Enfants du Paradis by Marcel Carné - film tourné en deux époques - Le concierge du théâtre
* 1946: The Marriage of Ramuntcho by Max de Vaucorbeil
* 1947: Pour une nuit d'amour by Edmond T. Gréville
* 1948: The Pretty Miller Girl by Marcel Pagnol
* 1949: The King by Marc-Gilbert Sauvajon
* 1950: Guilty? by Yvan Noé
* 1950: Dominique by Yvan Noé - Le grand-père
# Shin-Tson Wu

Shin-Tson Wu, (Chinese: 吳詩聰) is an American physicist and inventor of Taiwanese origin. He is currently a Pegasus professor at CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida. Wu's contributions to liquid-crystal research and the resulting patent portfolio for next-generation liquid crystal displays (LCDs), adaptive optics, laser-beam steering, and new photonic materials, have had a major impact on display science and technology worldwide.

## Early life and education

Wu was born in Nantou, Taiwan. He received his Ph.D. in physics from the University of Southern California (Los Angeles, USA) and his Bachelor of Science (B.S.) in physics from National Taiwan University (Taipei, Taiwan).

## Career

Shin-Tson Wu is a Trustee chair professor at College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida (UCF). His research interests at UCF focus on augmented reality and virtual reality displays, including light engines (LCOS, mini-LED, micro-LED, and OLED), optical systems (lightguide, diffractive optics, and projection optics), and display materials (liquid crystals, quantum dots, and perovskites).
He was the founding Editor-In-Chief of the IEEE/OSA Journal of Display Technology, SID Honors and Awards Committee chair, and Optica (formerly OSA) publications council chair and board of directors.

## Awards and honors

Memberships
* 2022, Academician of Academia Sinica
* 2014, Among the first six inductees to the Florida Inventors Hall of Fame
* 2012, Charter Fellow of National Academy of Inventors
* 2007, Fellow of The International Society for Optics and Photonics (SPIE)
* 2004, Fellow of the IEEE
* 2001, Fellow of the Society for Information Displays (SID)
* 1993, Fellow of the Optical Society of America (Optica)
Awards
* 2024, UCF Medal of Societal Impact
* 2022, Academician of Academia Sinica
* 2022, SPIE Maria Goeppert-Mayer Award
* 2022, Optica Edwin H. Land Medal
* 2014, Optica Esther Hoffman Beller Medal
* 2011, SID Slottow-Owaki Prize
* 2010, Optica Joseph Fraunhofer Award/Robert M. Burley Prize
* 2008, SID Jan Rajchman Prize
* 2008, SPIE G. G. Stokes Award
* 2000, SID Special Recognition Award
* 1991, Hughes Research Laboratories Team Achievement Award
Honorary Titles
* 2014, Inaugural Inductee of Florida Inventors Hall of Fame

## Books

* J. H. Lee, I.C. Cheng, H. Hua, and S. T. Wu, Introduction to Flat Panel Displays 2nd Edition. (Wiley, 2020)
* D. K. Yang and S. T. Wu, Fundamentals of Liquid Crystal Devices, 2nd Edition (Wiley, 2014)
* H. Ren and S. T. Wu, Introduction to Adaptive Lenses (Wiley, 2012)
* Z. Ge and S. T. Wu, Transflective Liquid Crystal Displays (Wiley, 2010)
* D. Armitage, I. Underwood and S. T. Wu, Introduction to Microdisplays (Wiley, 2006)
* S. T. Wu and D. K. Yang, Reflective Liquid Crystal Displays (Wiley, 2001)
* I. C. Khoo and S. T. Wu, Optics and Nonlinear Optics of Liquid Crystals (World Scientific, 1993)
# Zajas Municipality

Zajas (Macedonian: Зајас, Albanian: Zajaz) is a former municipality located in what is now western North Macedonia, created in a 1996 territorial reorganization and dissolved following a new 2013 Macedonian territorial reorganization, after which it was merged with Kičevo Municipality.

## Geography

The municipality bordered
* Mavrovo and Rostuša Municipality to the west,
* Gostivar Municipality to the northeast,
* Oslomej Municipality to the east,
* Kičevo Municipality to the southeast, and
* Drugovo Municipality to the southwest.

## Demographics

According to the last national census from 2002, this municipality has 11,605 inhabitants.
* Ethnic groups in the municipality include:
** Albanians = 11,308 (97.4%)
** Macedonians = 211 (1.8%)
** others = 86 (0.7%)
The total number of students in the municipality in 2011, in comparison to the total number of students in 2007, declined for 35.5%. Zajas is the second municipality in North Macedonia by the decline of the total number of students.
# Julien Cain

Julien Cain (10 May 1887 – 9 October 1974) was the general administrator of the Bibliothèque nationale de France (then called the Bibliothèque nationale) before the Occupation of France by Nazi Germany.
In August 1937, Cain was one of the hosts of the first World Congress of Universal Documentation, held in Paris, which met to further the goal of creating a World Brain, an idea championed by H. G. Wells, and seen by some as one of the precursors to Wikipedia.
In the summer of 1939, before the occupation began, he saw the impending danger clearly enough to order the evacuation of many of the library's most valuable items. Quite soon after the occupation began, Cain was removed from his post by the Vichy government because he was Jewish and replaced by collaborationist Bernard Faÿ. In February, 1941, Cain was denounced in Le Matin and arrested. He was detained in French prisons until January 1944, when he was sent to Buchenwald. He was freed by American forces in April, 1945, when the camp was liberated. He resumed the administratorship of the Bibliothèque nationale, which he held until 1964.
# Ferdinand Meldahl

Ferdinand Meldahl (16 March 1827 – 3 February 1908) was a Danish architect best known for the reconstruction of Frederiksborg Castle after the fire in 1859. Meldahl was one of the leading proponents of historicism in Denmark.

## Biography

He was the son of architect Heinrich Meldahl. He worked in his father's iron foundry and was also trained as a bricklayer. He joined the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, where he was educated as an architect. He conducted several study trips to Germany, France, Spain, the Netherlands, England, Egypt and Syria.
As a member of the municipal council of Copenhagen Municipality for 27 years from 1866, Meldahl managed to significantly influence the city.
In 1857, he became a member of the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts and in 1863 a professor at the academy. He was its manager from 1873 to 1890. In 1904, he was appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order on the occasion of the visit of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom. At the time he was Chamberlain to the King Christian IX of Denmark and Vice President of the Danish Royal Academy of Arts. He was appointed Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog (1861, Dannebrogsmand (1864), Commander of the 2nd degree of Dannebrog in (1874) and of the 1st degree that year and awarded the Cross of Honour of the Order of the Dannebrog (1904).

## Selected works

* City Hall of Fredericia (1859)
* Alþingishúsið in Reykjavík (1880–1881)
* Reconstruction of Frederiksborg Palace after the fire in 1859 (1860–1884)
* Completion of Frederik's Church in Copenhagen (1878–1894)
# Joseph Patrat

Joseph Patrat or Patras (7 May 1733, Arles – 4 June 1801, Paris) was a French actor and playwright.

## Life and career

The son of a stagehand, he began his stage career in Berlin in 1755 and then acted in the Austrian Netherlands from 1756 to 1763, notably in Brussels in the company of the Théâtre de la Monnaie. He then acted in Marseille and Geneva, where he also began to write plays.
A writer of forty plays, Patrat was also part of the company of Mademoiselle Montansier before establishing himself in Paris and writing several pieces for the Comédie-Française, the Théâtre des Variétés-Amusantes, the Théâtre Montansier, the Théâtre de l'Ambigu-Comique, and above all for the Comédie-Italienne, the Théâtre du Palais-Royal, the Théâtre Feydeau and the Odéon.
Patrat's play L'Heureuse Erreur was published in 1783, and was then translated into English and adapted by Elizabeth Inchbald in 1786. Her version is titled The Widow's Vow.
# Bhishma (1996 film)

Bhishma is a 1996 Indian Hindi-language thriller action film directed by Jagdish A Sharma, starring Mithun Chakraborty, Harish kumar, Anjali Jathar, and Vani Viswanath. The film was released on 26 July 1996 under the banner of R.A.R. Movies.

## Plot

Paro, her mother, and her brother, Natwar, find an unconscious man near their town. They bring him to their house and nurse him back to health, only to find out that he has the mind of a 12-year-old child. They name him Bhola. Years pass, and Paro falls in love with Bhola for rescuing her from a molester. Before they can get married, Bhola is viciously attacked and left for dead by Paro's molester, and is hospitalized. While in the hospital, Police Sub-Inspector Abhimanyu Verma discovers Bhola is not who he claims to be, but rather a homicidal maniac - named Bhishma - wanted for killing three policemen and is possibly masquerading as a 12-year-old child to hide from the police.

## Cast

Source
* Mithun Chakraborty as Bhola / Inspector Bhishma
* Vani Viswanath as Paro
* Mohan Joshi as Rana Saheb
* Harish as Sub-Inspector Abhimanyu Verma
* Anjali Jathar as Priya Rana
* Johnny Lever as Natwar
* Harish Patel as Ramdas
* Kader Khan as Jaunpuri
* Mukesh Rishi as Nagesh Rana
* Upasana Singh as Bharti Verma
* Avtar Gill as Pratap Rana
* Arun Bakshi as Inspector Jagawar
* Sulabha Deshpande as Bhola's Mom
* Dinesh Hingoo as Milavatram
* Gavin Packard as Goon in the village
* Javed Khan as Gangu
* Kamaldeep as Superintendent of Police
* Sanjeeva as Rana's henchman
* Birbal as Havaldar in the hospital

## Music

* "Chahe Jaan Jaye Chahe Dil" - Udit Narayan, Kavita Krishnamurthy
* "Kya Nahin Kiya" - Udit Narayan, Alka Yagnik
* "Tere Bina Duniya" - Kumar Sanu
* "Mere Seene Mein Dil" - Jolly Mukherjee, Meena Patel
* "O Soni O Soni" - Udit Narayan
* "Dil Jo Lagaye" - Udit Narayan, Kavita Krishnamurthy

## Box office

The film was above average at the box office.
# Vazha-Pshavela (biographical novel)

Vazha-Pshavela (ვაჟა–ფშაველა) is a 2011 Georgian biographical novel by author Miho Mosulishvili.

## Anniversaries with which UNESCO is associated in 2010-2011

The General Conference, by its 35C/Resolution 72, approved the following list of anniversaries with which UNESCO is associated in 2010-2011 (listed in the French alphabetical order of Member States):
   (24) 150th anniversary of the birth of Vaja-Pshavela, writer (1861-1915) (Georgia)

## 150th anniversary of the birth of Vaja-Pshavela

150th anniversary of the birth of Vaja-Pshavela, writer (1861-1915):
   Vaja-Pshavela (the pseudonym of Luka Razikashvili, 1861-1915) was a Georgian thinker, poet and writer. Vaja-Pshavela's poetry represents the summit of nineteenth-century Georgian realism.
   He was born in the small Pshavian village of Chargali. He graduated from teachers' seminary and studied law at Saint Petersburg University. Vaja-Pshavela wrote most of his verses, poems, and stories near his native village. His works are mainly devoted to human relationships with the material world. The national epic works of Georgian poetry in the nineteenth century and the revival of poetic epos are also connected with his name. Heroism, tragedy, and humanity define the epic creativity of Vaja-Pshavela. His poems and narrative stories are widely translated into several languages.

## Outline

This biographical novel will we know what to look like Vaja-Pshavela: from ancient Greek mythology characters Laocoön, the divine poet Homer and the genius Italian composer Giuseppe Verdi.
We see that it easily can be compared to the same level of creativity as Ovid, Goethe, Shakespeare, Robert Burns; but we also see how the original is Vaja-Pshavela and how many great things it means in today's world, whether it is involved in the confrontation of East-West.
The book Vaja-Pshavela (And Phelypaea coccinea looks in chasm)' show new version of life Vaja-Pshavela and unique style of his thinking.
The discovery may be regarded as the author's observation that the five epic poems of Vaja-Pshavela (Aluda Ketelauri (1888), Bakhtrioni (1892), Host and Guest (1893), The avenger of the blood (1897), Snake eater (1901)) is based on the principle Golden ratio, thus this poems resembles the works of Ancient and Renaissance authors.
Miho Mosulishvili asserts that Vaja-Pshavela rises from the depth of creativity of Georgian mythology, which makes it an original event in the world's literature and will significantly increase the magnitude of Georgian literature.

## Characters

* Vaja-Pshavela
* Ilia Chavchavadze
* Giuseppe Verdi
* Akaki Tsereteli
* Ernest Hemingway
* Titsian Tabidze
* Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
* Anandavardhana
And others.

## Awards

* October 8, 2011 - Gala (literary prize) in nomination: 'The best handbook'

## Release details

* 2011, Georgia, ვაჟა–ფშაველა (ISBN 9789941917967), Pub. date 25 May 2011, Hardcover (First edition - in Georgian)
# Douglas Royal F.C.

Douglas Royal F.C. are a football club from Douglas on the Isle of Man. They compete in the Canada Life Premier League and wear a white and navy kit. They play their home games at the Ballafletcher Sports Fields in Douglas at the site of the new Nobles Hospital.

## History

Formed as Pot Black F.C., the original club was formed in 1981 by a group of snooker-playing football enthusiasts, led by Pot Black Snooker Centre proprietor Peter Locke, who used to arrange friendly matches against business teams, such as KPMG and the IOM Police. After a series of friendly matches the players asked Locke to try to gain entry to the Manx FA. The application was placed and was successful. The team, named Pot Black, entered the 2nd division in 1982. When the snooker club was sold, Locke asked the new owners for sponsorship. When none was forthcoming, the club held a meeting in the Theatre Royal Hotel, Wellington Street, Douglas, and voted to change the name of the club to Douglas Royal. In 1986 the club was in some financial difficulties and looked like it may have to fold. A group of like-minded young men were looking for a new club and made the offer to help. Fresh sponsorship was available and the club added the number "87" to its name to celebrate the new start. The original colours were red shirts, with black shorts and socks but the new committee voted to change to the colours worn today. Since those early days, they have won the Hospital Cup once in 2004–05 when they beat St Georges, 3–2, in the final. Their first season in the First Division was 1989–90 when they finished sixth. They were relegated to Division Two in the 2002–03 season, but were promoted back to the top flight the next season as Division Two champions. They were again relegated in the 2007–08 season and currently play in Division Two
They have a reserve team that play in the Isle of Man Football Combination as well as junior and ladies teams.
Their main rivals are considered to be Gymnasium.

## Honours
### Cup

* Hospital Cup (1): 2004–05
# Baharan Shahr

Baharan Shahr (Persian: بهاران شهر) is a city in Pir Bakran District of Falavarjan County, Isfahan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 10,325 in 2,911 households. The following census in 2011 counted 11,132 people in 3,401 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 11,284 people in 3,647 households.

## Transportation

For its public transit system, the city is served by Falavarjan County Municipalities Mass Transit Organization bus network Route 7.
# Promession

Promession is an idea of how to dispose human remains by way of freeze drying. The concept of promession was developed by Swedish biologist Susanne Wiigh-Mäsak, who derived the name from the Italian word for "promise" (promessa). She founded Promessa Organic AB in 1997 to commercially pursue her idea. The company went bankrupt in 2015 without being able to produce a functioning facility. The idea of promession is questioned and not a functional method according to critics.

## Process

The idea of promession involves five steps:
* Coffin separation: the body is placed into the chamber
* Cryogenic freezing: liquid nitrogen at −196 °C crystallizes the body
* Vibration: the body is disintegrated into particles within minutes
* Freeze drying: particles are freeze dried in a drying chamber, leaving approximately 30% of the original weight
* Metal separation: any metals (e.g., tooth amalgam, artificial hips, etc.) are removed, either by magnetism or by sieving. The dry powder is placed in a biodegradable casket which is interred in the top layers of soil, where aerobic bacteria decompose the remains into humus in as little as 6–12 months.

## Criticism

Promession as a functional method is questioned. No facility for promession has been built or put into service. Critics argue that there is a physical impossibility to atomize a freeze dried human body in this way.

## Current status

Promessa Organic AB was liquidated in 2015 without being able to produce a functioning module or facility.
# Thomas Pattenden

Thomas Pattenden (5 January 1742 at East Peckham, Kent – 10 November 1791 at East Peckham) was a noted English cricketer who played for Kent in the 1760s and 1770s. He was the elder brother of William Pattenden.
Thomas was probably the Pattenden playing for the Duke of Dorset's XI against Wrotham in 1769 when John Minshull scored the earliest-known century in cricket history, albeit in a minor match.
"Probably" is because there are often doubts about the name "Pattenden" in the old sources. Thomas played with his brother in a number of Kent teams from 1777 to 1781. William may have played for Kent v Surrey in 1773 for in one account the Pattenden was William and in another it was Thomas. This is a good example of the confusion caused when initials or first names are left out of the scorecards. The same applies to various Woods, Mays, Rimmingtons, Whites, etc.
Thomas Pattenden was clearly the better player of the two brothers. His highest score was 72 for Kent v Hampshire in 1775, when he so upset the odds that "more money was won and lost than ever known". He made a number of other good scores including 52 against the bowling of Lumpy and David Harris in 1783.
He is believed to have been an innkeeper in his native village of East Peckham, perhaps at the Rose & Crown adjoining the cricket ground.
# Nikolai Demchenko

Nikolai Nesterovich Demchenko (Ukrainian: Мико́ла Не́стерович Де́мченко, Russian: Никола́й Не́стерович Де́мченко; 21 May 1896 – 30 October 1937) was a Ukrainian communist and Soviet politician. Executed during the Great Purge, he was rehabilitated during the Khrushchev Thaw.

## Early years

He was born in Lebedyn, Kharkov Governorate, now the Sumy Oblast, Ukraine, to a bourgeois family. In 1915, he graduated from the gymnasium in Lebedyn. He studied medicine at Kharkiv University, graduating in March 1917.

## Soviet career

Demchenko had already become a member of the Bolshevik Party in 1916. He held a number of different positions in the following years, becoming a candidate member of the Central Committee of the CP(b)U in May 1924, a member of the Central Control Commission of the CP(b)U in December 1925, a member of the Central Committee of the CP(b)U in November 1927, a member of the Organizational Bureau of the Central Committee of the CP(b)U in November 1927, a candidate member of the Politburo in June 1928, a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CP(b)U in March 1931, and a candidate member of the Central Committee of the CPSU(b) in February 1934. He was the People's Commissar of Agriculture of the Ukrainian SSR from December 1929 to January 1932, playing an active part in collectivization. He received the Order of Lenin on 20 December 1935.

## Arrest, execution and rehabilitation

During the Great Purge, he was arrested on 22 July 1937, sentenced to death by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR on 29 October 1937 and executed by firing squad the next day. After the death of Joseph Stalin, he was rehabilitated.
| Preceded byNew office | First Secretary of the Kiev Regional Committee 1932–1934 | Succeeded byPavel Postyshev |