OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# National Records Office of Sudan

The National Records Office of Sudan, located in Khartoum, serves as the National Archives of Sudan. It holds 20 million documents and 13,000 volumes about the history of Sudan since 1870.
Since 2018, the National Records Office has been a leading partner of the online archive and cultural heritage project Sudan Memory. It aims to conserve and promote Sudanese cultural heritage both physically in the country itself, as well as through the Internet. Among many other documents, a collection of Arabic manuscripts, letters and images digitised at the National Records Office relates to the Mahdist State (1885 -1899). This includes a letter by Rudolf von Slatin, former Governor of Darfur, to al-Ṭāhir al-Majdhūb, the leader of the Sufi brotherhood of the Majdhūbiyya in eastern Sudan.
# Addisu Legesse

Addisu Legesse is an Ethiopian politician who served as Deputy Prime Minister of Ethiopia from 2000 to 2010. He was formerly the chairman of the Amhara Democratic Party (ADP), the Amhara region branch of the ruling EPRDF from 1992, a position from which he retired in 2010. He was also President of the Amhara Region from 1992 until 2000 and Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development until 2008. He then served as chairman of Ethiopian Airlines. He was a head of the Meles Zenawi Academy, a quasi educational institution that is designed to train future EPRDF cadres in the ideology of Zenawism.
# Break Loose

Break Loose, also known as Breaking Loose (Russian: Восьмёрка "figure eight", a nickname of the Lada Samara) is a 2013 Russian crime drama film directed by Alexei Uchitel. It was screened in the Contemporary World Cinema section at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival.
In July 2014, in the context of the Donbass conflict, the state cinema agency of Ukraine has banned the film, along with number of other Russian films deemed to be "glorifying the Russian army and security forces".

## Plot

The film depicts a personal conflict between young OMON operatives and a local crime boss, few days before New Year's Eve 1999–2000. Almost everybody wants to settle the matter peacefully and let it pass, but a romantic interest of young OMON operative draws them all beyond the point of no return. Unbeknownst to the protagonists, president Yeltsin is preparing his resignation speech and Russia is about to enter a new era.

## Cast

* Artur Smolyaninov
* Vilma Kutaviciute
* Aleksey Mantsygin
* Alexander Novin
* Sergei Puskepalis
# Markus Opatril

Markus Opatril (born 6 May 1965) is an Austrian freestyle swimmer. He competed in three events at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# Myopa rubida

Myopa rubida is a species of thick-headed flies in the family Conopidae.
# Anne Burghardt

Anne Burghardt (née Liiber; born 19 November 1975) is an Estonian theologian. Since November 2021, she has served as the General Secretary of the Lutheran World Federation and is the first woman to hold this position.

## Early life and education

Burghardt studied theology at the University of Tartu from 1994 to 1998. After graduating, she went to the University of Erlangen–Nuremberg (1998/1999) and to the Humboldt University of Berlin (1999/2000) to earn a master's degree. She then returned to the University of Tartu, where she received her master's degree in 2002. As of 2009, she holds a doctorate from the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg in the field of Orthodox liturgical studies with Karl Christian Felmy and Hacik Rafi Gazer.

## Career

Since 2013, Burghardt has been the head of the research department at the Theological Institute of the Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church (EELK) and an adviser to that church on international and ecumenical relations. From 2013 to 2018, she was Secretary for Ecumenical Relations at the Office of the Lutheran World Federation (LWF) in Geneva.
On 19 June 2021, the Lutheran World Federation Council elected Burghardt as the new General Secretary. She prevailed in the elections with 28 votes in favor and 20 against Kenneth Mtata (Zimbabwe) and thus succeeded the general secretary Martin Junge. Burghardt is the first woman and the first representative from Central and Eastern Europe to hold this post. She took office on 1 November 2021.

## Personal life

Burghardt is married to Matthias Burghardt, a pastor of the EELK; the couple have two children.
# Byun Jin-sub

Byun Jin-sub (Korean: 변진섭; born May 19, 1966) is a South Korean singer.

## Discography
### Studio albums

| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | Sales |
| Title | Album details | KOR | Sales |
| To Be Alone (홀로 된다는 것) | Released: June 15, 1988 Label: Ssangyong Format: LP record | No data | KOR: 1,800,000+ |
| Back to You (너에게로 또다시) | Released: October 25, 1989 Label: Ssangyong Format: LP record | No data | KOR: 2,000,000+ |
| Farewell (어떤 이별) | Released: November 24, 1990 Label: Sinseon Format: LP record | No data | KOR: 1,200,000+ |
| The Reason to Be With You (너와 함께 있는 이유) | Released: October 30, 1991 Label: Seoul Records Inc. Format: LP record | No data | No data |
| You to Me, Again (그대 내게 다시) | Released: November 1, 1992 Label: Seoul Records Inc. Format: CD | No data | No data |
| Image '94 | Released: September 1, 1994 Label: Seoul Records Inc. Format: CD | No data | No data |
| Again | Released: June 1, 1996 Label: Taeseong Records Format: CD | No data | No data |
| Nonfiction (논픽션) | Released: March 1, 1998 Label: Yedang Records Co. Format: CD, cassette | No data | No data |
| 20B | Released: October 28, 1999 Label: Hakgol Music Format: CD, cassette | 41 | KOR: 10,600 |
| He'story | Released: December 23, 2004 Label: Synnara Format: CD, cassette | — | — |
| Drama | Released: October 4, 2007 Label: T Entertainment Format: CD, cassette | 42 | KOR: 1,543+ |
| Timeless | Released: December 12, 2015 Label: J Entertainment Format: CD, digital download | 61 | — |
# Renaud II, Count of Soissons

Renaud II (died 1099), son of William Busac, Count of Eu and Soissons, and Adelaide, Countess of Soissons. Count of Soissons.
It is unclear when Renaud assumed the countship of Soissons from his disgraced father. The latter was stripped of the County of Eu in 1050 but it is unclear when he relinquished the countship of Soissons. Alberic of Trois-Fontaines identifies Renaud in his Chronicles but little is known about his rule.
It is not known whether Renaud married or had any children. Upon the death of Renaud, his brother John became the Count of Soissons.
# Jeff Greason

Jeff Greason is a co-founder and the Chief Technologist of Electric Sky, a company developing the ability to wirelessly transmit power to moving vehicles. He also serves as chairman of the board of the Tau Zero Foundation.

## Career

Greason has been active in the development of the regulatory environment for the commercial space flight industry. He has worked with the FAA's Office of Commercial Space Transportation (AST) since 1998, has served on the advisory group to AST, COMSTAC as a member of the working group on reusable launch vehicles (RLV) since 2000, and as an invited full member of COMSTAC since 2005. He was one of the leaders of the development of the Commercial Space Launch Amendment Act of 2004. He co-founded the Commercial Spaceflight Federation (formerly Personal Spaceflight Federation).
Previously, he was the team lead at Rotary Rocket for engine development, and earlier worked at Intel.
Greason was named a member of the Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee on May 7, 2009. Since then he has given a number of speeches on space policy and space settlement.
In July 2003, Greason testified before the joint House/Senate subcommittee hearings on Commercial Human Spaceflight that addressed the transition from aircraft regulation to launch vehicle regulation for suborbital vehicles.
He is one of the founders of XCOR Aerospace and was its CEO from 1999 through February 2015, after which he served as chief technologist. In November 2015 Greason left XCOR with two other founders to form Agile Aero. He was a member of the XCOR board of directors until he resigned in March 2016 and no longer has any connection with XCOR Aerospace. In 2017, XCOR Aerospace went out of business after bankruptcy.
From November 2015 through July 2019 he served as CEO of Agile Aero, a company developing rapid prototyping capabilities for aerospace vehicles, which has since been acquired by Electric Sky.
He publishes occasional articles explaining space issues at the Tau Zero Foundation blog. An article summarizing the field of interstellar propulsion and the work of the Tau Zero Foundation cites him.
In May 2019 he authored an article on a new approach to space propulsion, exchanging momentum with surrounding space plasma such as the solar wind or interstellar medium to expel reaction mass while retaining the kinetic energy, to accelerate a vehicle.
Starting in the summer of 2020, Greason teaches an online course through the Kepler Space Institute on advanced space propulsion.

## Honors and patents

Time magazine named Greason an Inventor of the Year in 2002 for his team's work on the EZ-Rocket rocketplane. Greason holds 28 U.S. patents.
# Sir John Pollock, 4th Baronet

Sir Frederick John Pollock, 4th Baronet (26 Dec 1878 – 22 July 1963) was an English historian, journalist and translator.

## Life

John Pollock was the son of Sir Frederick Pollock, 3rd Baronet and Georgina Harriet Deffell, younger daughter of John Deffell, of Calcutta. He was educated at Eton College, graduated in 1900, and continued his education at Trinity College, Cambridge (Bachelor of Arts, Fellow 1902, Master of Arts 1904).
From 1915 to 1919, John Pollock was in Poland and Russia as chief commissioner of the Great Britain to Poland and Galicia Fund under the Russian Red Cross. He was awarded the Order of Saint Anna.
In 1920 he married famous Russian actress Lydia Borisovna Yavorskaya (Gubbenet / Hubbenet) (1874-1921), ex-wife of writer prince Vladimir Baryatinskiy. They had no children, and the next year she died.
On 28 April 1925 he married Alix Soubiran, daughter of Jean Julien I'Estom Soubiran, of Bordeaux. She died on 14 April 1968.
Pollock succeeded as 4th Baronet on 18 January 1937. He died on 22 July 1963 at age 84. Pollock's son, George Frederick Pollock (1928-2016), a photographer and inventor, succeeded to the baronetcy.

## Works

* The Popish Plot; A Study in the History of the Reign of Charles II. London: Duckworth. 1903 – via Internet Archive.
* Lord Acton at Cambridge (1904)
* Three plays by Eugène Brieux (1911):
** Damaged Goods, translated by John Pollock
** Maternity (new version), translated by John Pollock
* War and Revolution in Russia. London: Constable & Co Ltd. 1918 – via Internet Archive.
* The Bolshevik Adventure. London: Constable & Co Ltd. 1919 – via Internet Archive.
* Anatole France himself: a Boswellian record by his secretary, Jean Jacques Brousson (1927, 1934), translated by John Pollock
* The everlasting bonfire (1940), London, Chapman & Hall
* Time's Chariot. London: John Murray. 1950 – via Internet Archive.
* Curtain up. London: P. Davies. 1958 – via Internet Archive.
* Mark De Wolfe Howe, ed. (1961). Holmes-Pollock Letters: The Correspondence of Mr. Justice Holmes and Sir Frederick Pollock, 1874-1932; with Introduction by John Corham Palfrey & Sir John Pollock (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: the Belknap Press of the Harvard University Press – via Internet Archive.
* Twelve One-Acters (1926) The Cayme Press (Plays)
* Listening to Lacoste (1926) Mills & Boon (tennis)
* Paris and Parisians (1929) Geoffrey Bles
# Martin Gisinger

Martin Gisinger (born 21 June 1955) is a retired football midfielder from Austria. During his club career, Gisinger played for FC Dornbirn 1913, FC St. Gallen and FC Vaduz.
# Phytocoris vau

Phytocoris vau is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It is found in Central America and North America.
# Zéralda Stadium

Stade Zéralda is a multi-purpose stadium in Zéralda, Algeria. The stadium was used as one of the two venues for the 2009 African U-17 Championship. The stadium can hold up to 3000 people.
# Alpha Mountain

Alpha Mountain is a 2,302-metre (7,552-foot) summit located in the Tantalus Range, in Tantalus Provincial Park, in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. It is situated 14 km (8.7 mi) northwest of Squamish, and 4.6 km (2.9 mi) southeast of Mount Tantalus, which is the highest peak in the Tantalus Range. Its nearest higher peak is Serratus Mountain, 1.9 km (1.2 mi) to the west. The Serratus Glacier lies to the west of Alpha, unnamed glaciers lie on the northern and eastern slopes, and Lake Lovely Water lies below the south slope. Precipitation runoff from the peak drains into tributaries of the Squamish River.

## History

The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1914 by Basil Darling and Alan Morkill via the southwest ridge. These two named the peak shortly after they made the ascent, alluding to Alpha, which is the first letter of the Greek alphabet, because the peak is the first (southeast) summit of the Alpha-Serratus-Tantalus-Zenith Ridge, and also because of its form. The mountain's toponym was officially adopted on June 6, 1957, by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Alpha Mountain is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Coast Mountains where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall. As a result, the Coast Mountains experience high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. Winter temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. The months July through September offer the most favorable weather for climbing Alpha.

## Climbing Routes

Established rock-climbing routes on Alpha Mountain:
* Southwest Ridge - class 3 First Ascent 1914
* East Ridge - class 5.8 FA 1916
* Northeast Ridge - class 4-5 FA 1968
* Northwest Ridge - class 4-5 FA 1969
* North Buttress - class mid-5 FA 1981
* South Face - class 4-5

## Gallery

* Alpha Mountain (left) and Serratus Mountain (right).
* Alpha Mountain seen from the shoulder of Pelion Mountain
* Alpha Mountain, northeast aspect, as seen from the Sea to Sky Highway
* Alpha (left) and Mt. Tantalus, east aspect
* Northeast aspect
* Southeast aspect
# Hairy Dawg

Hairy Dawg is the costumed mascot of the University of Georgia Bulldogs. Hairy Dawg made his first appearance at the 1981 Sugar Bowl and has been an official mascot of UGA since. Hairy Dawg attends all Georgia Bulldogs football games and most home athletic events (including Georgia Bulldogs basketball, Georgia Lady Bulldogs basketball, Georgia Bulldogs baseball, Georgia Gym Dogs, tennis, volleyball, equestrian, and soccer). Forbes ranks Hairy Dawg No. 3 in their list of "America's Top 10 Sports Mascots".

## History

The first costumed bulldog at the University of Georgia was a gray anthropomorphic dog called "Fluffie," who was designed "[to capture] the hearts of children with his cuddly features and tumbling stunts." Fluffie was created in 1975 by the late Coach Mike Castronis.
The inspiration for Hairy Dawg came during the 1980 football season at the Florida vs. Georgia Football Classic, when Florida unveiled its new, more intimidating mascot. Compared to the rival's mascot, Georgia’s mascot at that time, Fluffie, was described as a "dark, dingy gray mutt with zero personality." Tom Sapp, a 1969 Georgia graduate and designer of the mascot explains, “I created Hairy Dawg to intimidate." Hairy's name derives from the popular Georgia cheer, "Go You Hairy Dogs!" Former University head football coach Vince Dooley was the first to be presented with the sketches for Hairy Dawg and wanted the mascot at the 1981 Sugar Bowl. After many long and stressful hours of sweating and stitching by Sapp, Hairy Dawg was ready in three weeks for the national championship game between the Georgia Bulldogs and Notre Dame Fighting Irish. UGA student cheerleader, Stan Beecham, was the first to dress out as Hairy Dawg when the Bulldogs went on to beat the Irish and were crowned national champions.
Hairy Dawg's first appearance in Sanford Stadium was not until the Georgia Bulldogs' 1981 home opener, a 44-0 shut-out of the Tennessee Volunteers.

## Media appearances

In 2009, Forbes ranked Hairy Dawg No. 3 in their list of "America's Top 10 Sports Mascots".
Hairy Dawg has been selected to participate in the Capital One National Mascot of the Year Challenge in 2003, 2004, 2007, 2009, and 2011. In 2007, Hairy Dawg was a semifinalist in the competition. In 2008, he competed in the Mascot National Championship, finishing 7th place.
In 2010, Hairy Dawg appeared in three ESPN commercials. One commercial promoted ESPN's new 3D cable television network, ESPN 3D. The second, for Lee Corso's surprise birthday party on the set of College GameDay. The third, a This is SportsCenter commercial where Hairy Dawg runs through the cupboards of the ESPN kitchen until he finally finds some animal crackers.
In 2011, Hairy Dawg appeared in a number of Capital One National Mascot Challenge commercials.
In 2012, Hairy Dawg appeared in two This is SportsCenter commercials with former UGA quarterback Matthew Stafford.

## Spike

Hairy Dawg was joined by an inflatable bulldog mascot named "Spike" in 1998. Intended as a mascot to serve at Georgia volleyball games, Spike also appears at men's and women's basketball games and Gym Dogs women's gymnastics meets.
# William K. Bixby

William K. Bixby (January 2, 1857 – October 29, 1931) was a collector of art and rare books, and is known for his significant philanthropic contributions around the St. Louis area.

## Life

William Keeney Bixby was born on January 2, 1857, in Adrian, Michigan, to parents Alonzo Foster and Emma Louisa Bixby. After his high school graduation from Adrian High School, Bixby moved to Texas to work as a baggage handler and night watchman on the International & Great North Pacific Railroad. In 1881, Bixby married Lillian Tuttle, and the two had six children. As he worked through the ranks of the Texas railroad, his vigor caught the eye of H.M. Hoxie, the president of the Missouri Pacific Railroad. Hoxie soon convinced Bixby to move to St. Louis to work for the Union Pacific, and in 1889, Bixby spearheaded the merger of eighteen companies that led to the creation of the American Car & Foundry Company. He served as president and as a member of the Board until his retirement in 1905, at age 48. One year prior to his retirement, he and his wife Lillian purchased a mansion in the Central West End, which is now the site of the Chase Park Plaza. Bixby's retirement at such a young age provided him with ample opportunities to pursue his passions in travel and literature. He was an ardent collector of autographs, manuscripts, rare books, and art.

## Later career

After his time working at the Missouri Union and later at the American Car & Foundry Company, Bixby dedicated his time to numerous groups and activities in the St. Louis area. In the year preceding his retirement, he headed the Fine Arts Commission for the 1904 World's Fair, an act that helped inspire the creation of the St. Louis Art Museum. He was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1906. After his retirement from the railroad industry, he served as president for the Missouri Historical Society twice: from 1907 to 1913 and 1925 to 1930. He also served on the board of Washington University in St. Louis, where he worked with Robert S. Brookings to rebuild the medical school and helped create the Bixby Chair of Surgery. He briefly served as the president of Laclede Gas and as a director of numerous banks around St. Louis.

## Legacy

William Bixby's name can be found in countless places throughout St. Louis. Most notably, Washington University in St. Louis named Bixby Hall after him, which was built in 1926 to house the Washington University School of Fine Arts. The main restaurant in the Missouri History Museum, "Bixby's", is also named after him. His name also appears alongside a myriad of donated works.
Bixby was passionate not only about art and rare books but was also passionate about sharing his love for these hobbies. He donated items such as The Nuremberg Chronicle, 1493, papers of Thomas Jefferson, and an illuminated Medieval Missal leaf to the Missouri Historical Society. He also donated parts of his collections to the St. Louis Art Museum, Washington University in St. Louis, the St. Louis Mercantile Library, and the St. Louis Artist's Guild, among others.
# Mu Zang

Mu Zang (28 December 1930 – 10 November 2011) was a Chinese mycologist. He was known for his research on the Boletales of China, and the ecology and biogeography of fungi in southwestern China. He described more than 140 new species and circumscribed three genera, published more than 150 research papers, was chief editor or co-editor for twelve books, and wrote two monographs on the Boletaceae of China. His final book, "Dictionary of the Families and Genera of Chinese Cryptogamic (Spore) Plants" was co-authored with his wife, Professor Xinjiang Li.

## Personal life

Mu Zang was born on 10 November 1930, in Yantai, eastern China. After graduating in biology from Soochow University in 1953, he taught biology at Nanjing Normal University from 1954 to 1973, where he eventually became a lecturer. In 1974 Zang began work as associate professor at the Kunming Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; he later was full research professor at this institute.
Zang was largely responsible for the establishment of the Cryptogamic Herbarium of the Kunming Institute of Botany. This herbarium, one of the largest and most active in the world, contains (as of 2012) more than 210,000 specimens. Zang personally contributed in excess of 13,800 fungal specimens, 24,500 lichen specimens, and 1000 moss specimens.
Personal interests of Zang included painting, calligraphy, and stamp collecting. Zang died of a heart attack in Kunming on 10 November 2011.

## Honours and awards

Among the awards won by Mu Zang include:
* Chinese Academy of Sciences Outstanding Achievement Award (1986)
* Chinese National Science Research Awards (1993, 1995, and 2004)
* Science and Technology Application Progress Award of the Chinese Ministry of Forestry (1992)
* Japanese N. Hiratsuka Award (2003)
Zang was associate director of the Key Laboratory of Mycology and Lichenology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the vice president of the Mycological Society of China. Fungal taxa named in his honour include the species Amanita zangii, Cantharellus zangii, Aureoboletus zangii, Meliola zangii, Nectria zangii, Sinoboletus wangii, and Tricholoma zangii, and the bolete genus Zangia.
# Martin Schützenauer

Martin Schützenauer (born 28 June 1962 in Vienna) is an Austrian bobsledder and athlete who competed from the early 1990s to the early 2000s (decade).
He won a silver medal in the four-man event at the 1995 FIBT World Championships in Winterberg.
Competing in four Winter Olympics, and two (Summer Olympics) Schützenauer earned his best finish of sixth in the four-man event at Lillehammer in 1994.
# Resseliella clavula

Resseliella clavula, the dogwood club gall midge, is a species of gall midges in the family Cecidomyiidae.
# Reena Pärnat

Reena Pärnat (born 1 December 1993 in Pärnu, Estonia) is an Estonian archer who competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Pärnat scored 621 points from 720 in the preliminary ranking round of the women's individual event, which determined the seedings for the subsequent elimination rounds, placing 52nd of the 64 competitors. She was eliminated in the first round of the competition by Mexico's Alejandra Valencia.
Pärnat later contested the 2015 Summer Universiade in Gwangju while enrolled at the University of Tartu. Her eighth-place finish in the women's individual event represented the highest ever position achieved by an Estonian archer at the Games. In 2018 she became the first Estonian to win a World Archery Federation-sanctioned tournament whose results contributed to the World Archery Rankings.