OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dundrennan Abbey

Dundrennan Abbey, in Dundrennan, Scotland, near to Kirkcudbright, was a Cistercian monastery in the Romanesque architectural style, established in 1142 by Fergus of Galloway, King David I of Scotland (1124–53), and monks from Rievaulx Abbey. Though extensively ruined (the transepts are the main surviving parts), Dundrennan is noted for the purity and restraint of its architecture, reflecting the austere Cistercian ideal. It is also built from very hard-weathering grey sandstone, so the original architectural forms and mouldings are well preserved.
Mary, Queen of Scots, after the Battle of Langside, spent her final night in Scotland here, in 1568. From neighbouring Port Mary, she crossed the Solway Firth to Workington, and shortly after was imprisoned by the English.
In 1587, following the Scottish Reformation, the land passed to the Crown. The site fell into ruin after it was subsequently used to house livestock. Historic Environment Scotland maintains the site today as a scheduled monument.

## History

In the mid 12th century, Fergus of Galloway resurrected the Bishopric of Whithorn, an ancient Galwegian See first established by the expansionary Northumbrians under the jurisdiction of the Archbishop of York. The last Bishop of Whithorn, Beadwulf, had been noted in c. 803. Thereafter nothing is heard; and it is likely the Bishopric disappeared with Northumbrian power, a decline marked by the sack and subsequent occupation of York by the Danes in 867. In the following two and a half centuries, Galloway, if and where jurisdiction actually existed, seems to have been under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Man in the west, with Durham and Glasgow in the east.
Moves to resurrect the See were initiated on 9 December 1125, when Pope Honorius II wrote to the Bishop-elect of Whithorn, ordering him to appear before the Archbishop of York. The would-be Bishop was a cleric called Gille Aldan, and the Archbishop was Thurstan. York had been coming under increasing pressure from the ambitions of Canterbury, and the northern English metropolitan had only two suffragans (Durham and Man). He needed three in fact to hold proper Archiepiscopal elections. It is likely that York and Fergus did a deal. The involvement of King David I can be discounted on the grounds of his anti-York policies, and his total inclination to appoint English or French clerics, and not Gaelic ones like Gille Aldan. The deal ensured the Galwegian church would not undermine Fergus’ independence of both Man or Scotland, and secured an identity for the new kingdom in the framework of northern Britain and the Isles.

## Archaeology

During the 1990s Historic Scotland (now Historic Environment Scotland) funded excavations of the south-east corner of the Cistercian abbey cloister. The excavations found elements of a warming house, a novice's day room, a great drain and a latrine block undercroft. These excavations and a programme of geophysical survey and test-trenching uncovered the building sequence of the abbey:
* Period I:c1170–1230
* Period II:c1230–1320
* Period III:c1320–1450
* Period IV:c1450–1520
* Period V:c1520–1600

## Burials

* Alan of Galloway
# Hākuturi

In Māori mythology, the hākuturi are guardians of the forest. They are responsible for guarding the forest, and to avenge any desecration of its sacredness. When Rātā cut down a tree without first making the proper incantations and rituals, the hākuturi rebuked him by re-erecting the tree. When he showed remorse, they felled the tree again and made it into a canoe for him in a single night. The hākuturi seem to have been regarded as birds or birdlike: one source calls them the children of Tāne, god of the forest and ancestor of birds (Orbell 1998:23–24). A Ngāti Kahungunu version (White 1887–1891, III:2) refers to 'the host of Haku-tiri, of Roro-tini, and of Pona-ua'. This last word would seem to imply some relationship to the Ponaturi (Tregear 1891:43).
# Gordon Crown

Gordon Thomas Crown (20 June 1929 – 17 November 1947) was a promising British chess player who died of appendicitis at the age of eighteen. He is best known for his win against the Russian Grandmaster Alexander Kotov shortly before his death.

## Biography

Crown was born in Liverpool in 1929. He finished second in the British under 18 championship in 1946 and improved rapidly, winning the Premier Reserve section of the 1946/7 Hastings International Chess Congress. This led to his being placed on the reserve list for the 1947 British Chess Championship. Following the withdrawal of the defending champion Robert Forbes Combe, he was allowed to play in the championship, where he finished third (Harry Golombek won).
Consequently, he was selected to play for the British team in the 1947 Britain-USSR match, where he caused a sensation by defeating the Soviet Grandmaster Alexander Kotov, though he lost the return game. He also defeated Max Gellis in a Britain-Australia radio match.
On 17 November 1947 he was admitted to hospital, complaining of a stomach upset. Diagnosed too late with appendicitis, complicated by his diabetes, he died in the operating theatre.
His friend (and former British champion) Leonard Barden speculates that had he lived, Crown would have become at least a strong Grandmaster, further noting that he was " ... open, friendly and modest as well as a clear and enthusiastic explainer of his chess ideas; I think he would have been like Keres or Gligoric in their countries, a model for our young players."
Harry Golombek was similarly impressed with Crown's play, stating that "In his short life, he had already shown himself to be of master strength and was potentially a very great player."
# Te Wheke-a-Muturangi

In Māori mythology, Te Wheke-a-Muturangi is a monstrous octopus destroyed in Whekenui Bay, Tory Channel or at Patea by Kupe the navigator.
The octopus was a pet or familiar of Muturangi, a powerful tohunga of Hawaiki. The wheke was nonetheless a wild creature and a guardian.
When Kupe reached New Zealand, he encountered the beast off Castlepoint. The giant octopus then fled across Cook Strait, and was chased by Kupe through Tory Channel. Here a great battle took place, and when the octopus appeared to be about to flee, Kupe cut off its arms with his adze, killing it (Tregear 1891: 184, 620).
In the traditions of the Ngāti Ranginui people of Tauranga, Te Wheke-a-Muturangi was killed by their ancestor Tamatea, and is not associated with Kupe. New Zealand ethnologist David Simmons has suggested that this may be the more authentic tradition, and that the association with Kupe is found only in problematic sources (Simmons 1976).
Another theory for Te Wheke-a-Muturangi states that the name actually refers to the many navigation paths centered on Raiatea with tentacles reaching out across the Pacific at least as far as the edges of the Polynesian Triangle (Tetahiotupa 2009). In French Polynesian oral tradition this octopus is also known as "Taumata-Feʻe-Faʻatupu-Hau" (Great Kraken of Prosperity) and "Tumu-Raʻi-Fenua" (Beginning-of-Heaven-and-Earth).
# One of a Kind (film)

One of a Kind (French: Mon âme par toi guérie) is a 2013 French drama film directed by François Dupeyron. In January 2014 Grégory Gadebois received a nomination for Best Actor at the 39th César Awards.

## Plot

Frédi is a born healer who can save people by touching them with his hands. His mother bequeathed this gift to him. When she dies honours her by putting his aptitude to good use.

## Cast

* Grégory Gadebois as Frédi
* Céline Sallette as Nina
* Jean-Pierre Darroussin as The father
* Marie Payen as Josiane
* Philippe Rebbot as Nanar
* Nathalie Boutefeu as The leukemic mother
# Johnny Mitchell (disambiguation)

Johnny Mitchell (born 1971) is an American former football player.
Johnny Mitchell may also refer to:
* Johnny Mitchell (baseball)
* Johnny Mitchell (ice hockey)
* Jonny Mitchell, reality TV participant
# Viktring Abbey

Viktring Abbey (German: Stift Viktring, Slovene: Opatija Vetrinj) is a former Cistercian monastery in the Austrian state of Carinthia. It is now a Roman Catholic parish, since 1973 a district of the Carinthian capital Klagenfurt.

## History

Viktring Abbey was established in 1142 by Cistercian monks from Villers-Bettnach Abbey in the Duchy of Lorraine (in the modern Saint-Hubert), of the filiation of Morimond. Its lands were probably a gift of Count Bernhard of Spanheim-Marburg (Maribor), brother of Duke Engelbert of Carinthia, and his wife Kunigunde, daughter of Margrave Ottokar II of Styria. As early as 13 May in the following year the first abbot, Eberhard, was consecrated. The abbey church was dedicated 60 years later by Eberhard of Regensburg, Archbishop of Salzburg, in 1202.
In 1234 the Carinthian duke Bernhard von Spanheim founded Landstrass Abbey, latterly also known as Kostanjevica Abbey, a daughter house of Viktring in the March of Carniola, in the modern Kostanjevica in Slovenia.
The most notable abbot was the chronicler John of Viktring, confidant of Duke Henry of Bohemia, who assumed his office in 1312. Under Abbot Johannes II in 1411 the greater part of Viktring Abbey burnt down. Vigorous re-building in the abbey and the parishes belonging to it was however made possible by decree of the Cistercian General Chapter. In 1447 the German king Frederick III of Habsburg presented the abbey church with an altar.
Viktring Abbey was dissolved during the rationalist reforms of Emperor Joseph II by decree of 19 May 1786 and given the status of a parish. The parish retained possession only of the church and the former rectory.

## Moro Brothers textile factory

Part of the premises and lands were bought at auction on 10 November 1788 by the brothers Johann and Christoph Moro, who set up a textile factory here. In 1796 they succeeded in acquiring a long lease of the lordship of Viktring. The rise of the firm "Gebrüder Moro" was spectacular; in 1816 the Austrian Emperor Francis I of Habsburg visited the factory with his wife Caroline Augusta of Bavaria. The firm painstakingly cultivated its connections to the Imperial family, and received further visits in 1850 and 1852 from Emperor Franz Joseph.
By 1897 the Moro family had acquired the entire monastery and its rights. In 1925 Adeline von Botka, the last surviving member of the family, sold the textile factory "Gebrüder Moro" to Baron Josef Aichelburg-Zosenegg. In 1942 he committed suicide, and the company was taken over by the "Hamburger Aero-Maschinen- und Werkzeugfabrik". In 1956 the Reichmann company acquired the concern, but went out of business ten years later.
In 1970 the Austrian government bought the buildings and set up a secondary school here in 1977, which in 1980 became independent as the "Realgymnasium unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der musischen Ausbildung". On 23 September 1999 the official opening of the BRG Klagenfurt-Viktring, well known for its specialisation in musical education, took place.
# Kjeld Philip

Kjeld Løwenstein Philip (3 April 1912 in Copenhagen – 27 October 1989) was a Danish economist and politician representing the Danish Social Liberal Party. He was Trade Minister from 1957 to 1960 as member of the Cabinet of H. C. Hansen II and the Cabinet of Viggo Kampmann I, Finance Minister from 1960 to 1961 as member of the Cabinets of Viggo Kampmann I and II and Minister for the Economy from 1961 to 1964 as member of the Cabinet of Viggo Kampmann II and the Cabinet of Jens Otto Krag I. He was member of the Danish parliament (the Folketing) from 1960 to 1964. His wife, Grethe Philip (1916–2016) was a member of parliament 1960–1979.
As Minister of Trade, Philip introduced the regional development act as well as a number of liberalisations that followed the membership of the European Free Trade Association in 1960.
# Giorgio Rossi

Giorgio Rossi (born 1 April 1948) is a retired Italian amateur track cyclist, who won one silver and three bronze medals in the sprint and tandem events, at the world championships of 1975–1980. He finished ninth in the tandem at the 1972 Summer Olympics and eighth in the sprint at the 1976 Games.
# Giovanni Moro (skier)

Giovanni Moro (born 29 August 1967) is an Italian former alpine skier.

## World Cup results
### Top 10

| Date | Place | Discipline | Position |
| 27-11-1987 | Sestriere | Slalom | 8 |
| 12-01-1990 | Schladming | Slalom | 9 |
# Giuliano Biatta

Giuliano Biatta (born 14 May 1957) is an Italian former professional racing cyclist. He rode in the 1982 Tour de France.
# Yumrukaya, Bolu

Yumrukaya is a village in the Bolu District, Bolu Province, Turkey. Its population is 704 (2021).
# Carex rupestris

Carex rupestris, called the curly sedge and rock sedge (names it shares with other members of its genus), is a species of flowering plant in the family Cyperaceae, native to temperate and subarctic North America, Greenland, Iceland, Europe, and Asia.

## Description

Carex rupestris is a type of sedge, growing between 10–20 centimetres (4–8 inches) in height. It grows in dense, matted tufts. Rhizome branch lengths measure 0.4–5.0 cm (0.2–2.0 in). Aerial shoots ascend from the rhizome, with dead leaves persisting for several years and giving the stands a typical straw-yellow colour, recognizable at a distance. Leaves are up to 2 millimetres (0.08 inches) wide and channelled, appearing at the base of the stem. The inflorescence is composed of a single spike at the top of the stem. Rhizomes are brown or black, with a scaly appearance. The species fruits in late spring to summer.

## Distribution and habitat

Carex rupestris is an arctic-alpine species found at higher altitudes. It favours dry ground, heathland, talus slopes, and rocky outcrops and ledges. Carex rupestris subsp. altimontana is found only in the Altai Republic of Russia.

## Taxonomy

The following subspecies are currently accepted:
* Carex rupestris subsp. altimontana T.V.Ebel
* Carex rupestris subsp. rupestris

## Conservation

Carex rupestris is considered an endangered species across the Carpathian Mountains due to the effect of climate change. It is extirpated in Bulgaria. In North America, as of November 2024, NatureServe listed C. rupestris as Globally Secure (G5). This status was last reviewed on 15 July 2016. In individual provinces and states, it is listed as Critically Imperiled (S1) in South Dakota; Imperiled (S2) in Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec; and, Vulnerable (S3) in Alberta and Newfoundland.
# Graggle Simpson

Graggle Simpson or Gumbly is a metafictional character purported to be from the American animated sitcom The Simpsons. He is the subject of an Internet meme and hoax in which users online satirically claim that the character was a real member of the series' cast of characters (as well as the Simpson family) that had been removed through retroactive continuity. The intent behind the meme is to satirize the Mandela effect and its believers. The character is most commonly portrayed as a yellow, unclothed, alien-like humanoid with a large mouth and three strands of hair, commonly "seen" alongside members of the Simpson family.
Most claims made about Graggle include a backstory regarding the character's existence in the sitcom's lore. Various permutations of the story claim that he was intended to be a self-insert of The Simpsons creator Matt Groening, that he was a much-beloved character among fans, or, alternatively, that he was removed due to poor viewer reception, or that he was added late in the show's run as a way of satirizing the show's perceived decline in quality. A variety of fan works featuring Graggle have been produced, including fan art, edited cover art, screenshots and recordings of episodes of The Simpsons that include Graggle amongst other characters of the cast, and a modification for the 2003 video game The Simpsons: Hit and Run.

## Origin

Although the character was expanded upon and hit viral levels of popularity in 2022, the earliest mentions of Graggle, also referred to as "Gumbly", date to 2015, when an anonymous user on the Japanese textboard 2channel added a version of the character referred to as "Nan-j min" to screenshots of The Simpsons, with Nan-j min being a mascot of the site's /livejupiter/ board (nicknamed "Nan-j") at the time. The earliest references to the character in English date from early 2021 on 4chan, in a post that establishes the prior aspect of Graggle being intended as Groening's persona, and also introducing two alternate names, "Yellow Matt" and "Weird Matt". The name "Gumbly" was likely inspired by Gumby, a claymation character who once made a cameo appearance in the seventeenth season episode "The Girl Who Slept Too Little".
# Maule M-1

The Maule M-1 was a 1930s American single-seat monoplane designed an built by Belford Maule, the first in a series of aircraft designed by Maule.

## Design and development

Maule had joined the United States Army in 1918 and was employed as a mechanic working on airships, he decided to design and build his own aircraft later called the M-1. At the time he was close to Chesapeake Bay so the mid-wing monoplane was built as a floatplane with twin floats. The aircraft was powered by a Henderson 32 hp (24 kW) converted motorcycle engine. Maule left the Army and he transported his aircraft to his new home, now registered NC12634. He first flew it in 1932 although he had no flying experience at that time. In 1933 Maule joined the research and development department of Lycoming but by 1940 he left and continued to develop designs for aircraft. At some point, the aircraft was also fitted with a conventional wheeled undercarriage.
# Snooze

Snooze may refer to:
* Sleep, a naturally recurring state of reduced consciousness and inactivity, especially:
** Nap, a short period of sleep
* Snooze button, a common feature of an alarm clock
* Snooze (album), a 1996 album by American pianist Joanne Brackeen
* "Snooze" (SZA song), 2022
* "Snooze" (Agust D song), 2023
* "Snooze" (The Goodies), an episode of the British television series The Goodies
* Snooze (musician) or Dominique Dalcan (born 1964), French electronic musician and composer
# Coupar Angus Abbey

Coupar Angus Abbey was a Cistercian monastery near Coupar Angus, in central Scotland, on the boundary between Angus and Gowrie.
It was founded on the old royal manor of Coupar in 1161 to 1162 with the patronage of Máel Coluim IV ("Malcolm IV"), King of Scots, by Cistercian monks from Melrose Abbey. However, it may not have been fully established until 1164. The buildings must have been largely completed by 1233, when the church was dedicated. It became an abbey of medium to large size and wealth and enjoyed more than four centuries of monastic life. In the 14th century it suffered in the wars with England, one of its granges reportedly being burnt by Edward I in 1305. In 1351 the buildings were described in a papal bull as "exceedingly impoverished." Its fortunes revived later in the middle ages, with at least 24 monks at the Reformation and an income of £5590. This made it the wealthiest Cistercian house in Scotland. In 1559 the abbey was entrusted by Abbot Donald Campbell to his friend Katherine Campbell, Countess of Crawford. Under Donald Campbell religious life appears to have been maintained at high standards, though he joined the Reformation in 1559.
The abbey was turned into a secular lordship for James Elphinstone, by parliament in 1606 and by royal charter in 1607. The abbey church appears to have survived for a time as the parish church. However, from the death of Lord Coupar in 1669 it is likely that the buildings were dismantled for stone. Today, there are almost no remains of the abbey, much of it being burned by the Protestant reformers. A collection of its charters has survived. There is a heavily ruined gatehouse, and some fine fragmentary stonework from the Abbey (notably a number of tombs) is preserved in the present parish church, which stands on or near the site of the medieval building. Other fragments are built into walls throughout the modern town.
The original layout of the abbey remains conjectural; a drawing of 1820 held in the National Library of Scotland allegedly showing the plan has been found to be incorrect.
In the 19th century some women allegedly found the Ley tunnel of Coupar Angus Abbey near the entrance to the churchyard. One went in and was never seen again, however in 1982 a local mason found the entrance again and went in some distance before finding a cave-in. It is said (without evidence) that the tunnel ran a further two and a half miles to a souterrain at Pitcur.
Both the Abbey gatehouse and the Abbey precincts are separately designated as scheduled monuments.
# San Tiago Dantas

Francisco Clementino San Tiago Dantas (August 30, 1911 – September 6, 1964) was a journalist, lawyer, teacher and congressman, as well as Minister of Foreign Affairs during the presidency of João Goulart. He is considered one of the forerunners of the "Independent Foreign Policy", which sought to diversify Brazil's international relations and refused automatic alignments with any country or bloc. He was born and died in Rio de Janeiro.

## Biography

His concept of "Independent Foreign Policy" was based on the following objectives: total involvement in the Latin American Free Trade Association (LAFTA) and in the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), with the aim of protecting the price of commodities and participating in the growth of international trade; disarmament and more peaceful competitive coexistence, as well as international economic cooperation for the growth of underdeveloped nations. The basic concept was that, whilst respecting the international norms of good practice, Brazil should retain the right to negotiate with all countries, in accordance with its own conventions.
In 1943, San Tiago Dantas represented Brazil at the first Conference of Ministers of Education in the American Republics, in Panama. In 1951 he served as adviser to the Brazilian Delegation to the 4th Consultative Meeting of American Chief Ministers in Washington. In 1952 he became a member of the Permanent Arbitration Committee in The Hague. Between 1955 and 1958, he chaired the Inter-American Committee of Jurists, based in Rio de Janeiro. As head of the newspaper Jornal do Comércio from 1957 to 1958, he devoted his editorials - known as the "Várias" - to matters of foreign policy and in 1959 he assisted in the drafting and debating of the Santiago do Chile Declaration, one of the most important documents of the Inter-American System.
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# Giuseppe Mura

Giuseppe Mura (born 6 November 1943) is a retired Italian boxer who won a gold medal at the 1967 Mediterranean Games in the bantamweight category. Next year he competed at the Mexico Olympics, but was eliminated in the third round by the eventual bronze medalist Samuel Mbugua. After the Olympics he turned professional, and won a national super featherweight title in August 1975. He lost it in December 1975 and retired from boxing.
# Palaeontinoidea

Palaeontinoidea is an extinct superfamily of cicadomorph hemipteran insects. This superfamily contains three families.

## Description

Palaeontinoids were comparatively large, cicada-like insects that existed from the Upper Permian to the Middle Cretaceous (around 260.4 to 112.0 million years ago).

## Subdivisions

The three families classified under Palaeontinoidea, along with their age range and collection sites, are the following:
* Mesogereonidae Tillyard, 1921
    Upper Triassic; Australia and South Africa. Contains two monophyletic genera.
* Dunstaniidae Tillyard, 1916
    Upper Permian to Lower Jurassic; South Africa, Australia, France, Central Asia, and China.
* Palaeontinidae Handlirsch, 1906
    Upper Triassic to Middle Cretaceous; Brazil, China, Russia, Germany, the Transbaikal region, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Spain, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Contains around 30 to 40 genera and about a hundred species.