OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Callias (poet)

Callias (Ancient Greek: Καλλίας), sometimes called by the nickname Schoenion (Σχοινίων), was a poet of the Old Comedy.
Callias is best known for a few extant fragments of a comedy, The Letter Tragedy. This comedy featured a 24-piece chorus that consisted of the 24 letters of the Greek alphabet. It is the earliest attestation of most of the letter names in the Greek alphabet. On this work there has been debate since the early 19th century over the meaning of the play's claim to have influenced Greek tragedy. Many scholars take Callias' claim to have been ironic and a joke. The titles of his other known plays are: Aigyptios (The Egyptian), Atalante, Batrakhoi (Frogs), Kyklopes (The Cyclopes), Pedetai (Men In Shackles), Scholazontes (Men At Leisure), and a fragmentary title ...era Sidera, which has been reconstructed as either Hypera Sidera (Iron Pestles) or Entera Sidera (Iron Guts).
Callias appears to have been given the teasing nickname Schoinion by his rivals, probably because his father was a rope maker. It is also recorded that he lampooned the philosopher Socrates.
# Boethus of Sidon (Peripatetic)

Boethus of Sidon (Ancient Greek: Βόηθος, romanized: Bóēthos; c. 75 – c. 10 BC) was a Peripatetic philosopher from Sidon, who lived towards the end of the 1st century BC. None of his work has been preserved and the complete collection of quotings and paraphrases appeared first in 2020.

## Biography

As Boethus was a disciple of Andronicus of Rhodes, he must have travelled at an early age to Rome and Athens, in which cities Andronicus is known to have taught. Strabo, who mentions him and his brother Diodotus among the celebrated persons of Sidon, speaks of him at the same time as his own teacher (or fellow pupil) in Peripatetic philosophy. Among his works, all of which are now lost, there was one on the nature of the soul, and also a commentary on Aristotle's Categories, which is mentioned by Ammonius in his commentary on the same work of Aristotle. Ammonius quotes also an opinion of Boethus concerning the study of the works of Aristotle, viz. that the student should begin with the Physics, whereas Andronicus had maintained that the beginning should be made with the Logic writings of Aristotle.
According to Giovanni Reale, in The Schools of the Imperial Age, Boethus believed that ‘substance’ was ‘matter’ – that it was the composite of being, and not the individual form of being. Thus “form falls outside of the category of substance and enters into the scope of other categories”. The significance of this is that individuality is not only how we understand and interpret reality, but is actually the basic nature of that reality. That 'true reality' was not some universal substance, but consisted of individual forms.
Similarly, in ethics, Boethus declared that “the original goal (the proton oikeion) towards which we tend is ourselves in relation to ourselves. In agreement with that view, he says that we do not love anyone in preference to ourselves and finally that we only love others in reference to ourselves”.
# Flickering spectroscopy

Flickering analysis of cellular or membranous structures is a widespread technique for measuring the bending modulus and other properties from the power spectrum of thermal fluctuations.
First demonstrated theoretically by Brochard and Lennon in 1975, flickering spectroscopy has become a widespread technique due to its simplicity and lack of specialised equipment beyond a brightfield microscope. It is used in structures such as red blood cells, giant unilamellar vesicles and other cell-like structures.

## Theoretical overview

Considering a quasi-spherical shell subject to thermal undulations according to Langevin dynamics, one can express the time-averaged mean square amplitudes of the fluctuation modes as
${\biggl \langle }|u_{n}^{m}|^{2}{\biggr \rangle }={\frac {k_{B}T}{\kappa (n-1)(n+2)[n(n+1)+{\overline {\sigma }}]}}$
where $n$ and $m$ index the fluctuation mode corresponding to spherical harmonics $Y_{n}^{m}(\theta ,\phi )$ and ${\overline {\sigma }}=\sigma (R^{2}/\kappa )-2H_{0}R+2H_{0}^{2}R^{2}$ is the reduced membrane tension, $H_{0}$ is the spontaneous curvature and $\kappa$ is the bending modulus, as defined by the Helfrich hamiltonian.

## Experimental procedure and analysis

The equatorial plane of a cell-like structure can be imaged using phase contrast microscopy to obtain a video showing the fluctuations of the membrane.
On the video, the contours can be found using image analysis algorithms, which can then be used to determine the power spectrum of the fluctuation modes in real space amplitude. This can be used, following the steps above, to obtain relevant parameters such as the bending modulus, which is useful for a number of applications in membrane structure research.
# Saint Hermias

Hermias of Comana (/hɜːrˈmaɪəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἑρμείας) is an early martyr commemorated in the Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church. He lived in the 2nd century and was a soldier in the Roman army until he confessed Christ and was tortured. His feast day is 31 May.

## Life

The Saint and Martyr Hermias was a soldier who had spent long years in the Roman army, in Comana in Pontus. Completing his service under the reign of Antoninus Pius (138-161), he refused any pay and confessed his faith to Christ. He was arrested and brought before Sebastian, Proconsul in Comana, who summoned him to renounce his confession to show his loyalty towards the Roman emperor. As Hermias refused vigorously, he was sent to be tortured. His tormentors broke his jaws, and then tore off the skin of his face. He was then thrown in a burning furnace, from which he left unscathed after three days. Sebastian then decided to resort to a sorcerer Marus, who concocted a strong poison with the intention of killing the Saint. Hermias blessed the poison with the sign of the cross and drank it with no harm. Having seen Saint Hermias drink with no effect a second stronger poison that he had prepared for him, Marus himself confessed the divine power of Christ and was immediately beheaded. Saint Marus was baptized in his own blood, and was made a martyr. Hermias was then subjected to new torments: he was plunged in boiling oil, his eyes were gouged out, and he was then suspended upside down for three days, but he kept giving thanks to Christ. Finally, the crazed Sebastian beheaded him with his own sword. Christians secretly buried the body of the martyr Hermias, whose relics bestowed numerous healings.
# Epigenes of Athens

Epigenes of Athens (Ancient Greek: Ἐπιγένης ὁ Ἀθηναῖος, c. 4th century BC) was an Athenian comic poet of the Middle Comedy.
Pollux indeed speaks of him as neôn tis kômikôn, but the terms "middle" and "new," as Clinton remarks, are not always very carefully applied. Epigenes himself, in a fragment of his play called The Little Tomb (Mnêmation) speaks of Pixodarus, prince of Caria, as "the king's son"; and from this Meineke argues that the comedy in question must have been written while Hecatomnus, the father of Pixodarus, was yet alive, and perhaps about 380 BC. We find besides in Athenaeus, that there was a doubt among the ancients whether the play called Disappearance of the Money (Argyrion Aphanismos) should be assigned to Epigenes or Antiphanes. These poets therefore must have been contemporaries. The Suda mentions two other plays written by Epigenes: Heroine and Revelry.
The fragments of the comedies of Epigenes have been collected by Meineke and Kock.
# Oros of Alexandria

Oros of Alexander (Ancient Greek: Ὦρος ὁ Ἀλεξανδρεύς, also called Orus) was a late classical/Byzantine lexicographer and grammarian active in the mid-5th century. According to the Suda he was born in Alexandria and taught in Constantinople. The Suda lists ten titles by him, but little of his work survives.
Fragments of his lexicon of Attic usages are preserved in later lexica. This work sought to counter the hyperatticist doctrine favoured by some contemporary lexicographers, who were inspired by the works of the 2nd-century grammarian Phrynichus. Oros' work was influential in the later Byzantine lexicographical tradition.
The codex Messinensis graecus 118 contains a fragment of a work on orthography concerning the use of the iota subscript. This is sometimes styled the Lexicon Messanense.
Fragments of two other works survive, one a list of words with more than one meaning, the other a list of toponyms and their supposed etymologies.
# The Revelers (Louisiana)

The Revelers are a Louisiana music group, composed of founding members of the Red Stick Ramblers and the Pine Leaf Boys. They are unique in that they play all styles of Cajun, zydeco, Swamp Pop, and Americana equally well. There is no leader and everyone sings and writes music. Blake Miller (accordion, fiddle, voice) is currently one of the most prolific composers of original French Cajun music.

## Origin

The Revelers were founded in 2010. Longtime collaborator Chris Miller joined the band full-time in January 2013 and Trey Boudreaux joined the band in 2017. The band relocated from Lafayette to Breaux Bridge, Louisiana in 2018

## Career

The Revelers have toured the United States and Canada extensively, the UK, Ireland, and Denmark. They are a festival mainstay having played at the Blackpot Festival, Tønder, Shakori Hills, both Rhythm and Roots, Wheatland, Sugar Maple Fest, Festival International de Louisiane, Grey Fox, Clearwater's Hudson River Revival, the Red Wing Roots Music Festival and countless others. They are also in-demand in the music education scene, having been on staff at Ashokan Fiddle & Dance, Balfa Week, Miles of Music Camp, FiddleTunes, and Blackpot Camp.

## Awards

2016 Grammy Nomination for Best Regional Roots Music (Get Ready)
The Revelers have been named "The Best Thing to come out of Louisiana in Recent History" by the Cajun Creole Culture Preservation International™

## Discography

* The Revelers (2012) Independent.
* The Revelers Play the Swamp Pop Classics Vol. 1 (2014) Independent.
* Get Ready (2015) Independent.
* The Revelers Play The Swamp Pop Classics Volume 2 (2016) Independent.
* At the End of the River / Au bout de la rivière (2019) Revelers Records
# Forest Bull

The Forest Bull, also known Ethiopian Bull (Ancient Greek: Ταῦρος Αἰθιοπικός) and Ethiopian Forest Bull (Latin: Taurus Aethiopicus Sylvestris), is an animal from ancient and medieval bestiaries. According to Pliny the Elder, they were a breed of ferocious, tawny cattle living in Ethiopia, with mouths gaping open to the ears. Their horns, like a Yale's, could swivel in any direction. To fight, they raised them, after which the horns remained in this position. According to Aelian, they were called "flesh eaters" and were the most ferocious and savage of all animals. They were twice the size of regular bulls and could run at great speeds. He cites their hair as being red. No weapon could physically hurt the bulls, be it spears or arrows because even iron deflected from their skin. The forest bulls hunted herds of wild animals and horses. To protect their flocks, herdsmen who lived in the area dug deep ditches, in which the bulls would fall and consequently choke on their rage. The Troglodytae (cave-dwellers), a nearby tribe, supposedly "judged [this] to be the king of beasts, and rightly so, for it possesses the courage of a lion, the speed of a horse, the strength of a bull, and is stronger than iron."
# Autocles, son of Tolmaeus

Autocles (Ancient Greek: Aὐτοκλῆς; lived 5th century BC), a son of Tolmaeus, was an ancient Athenian general.
He was one of the Athenian commanders in the successful expedition against Cythera in 424 BC. Together with his two colleagues, Nicias and Nicostratus, he ratified, on the part of Athens, the truce which in 423 BC was concluded for one year with Sparta.
# Sostratus of Pellene

Sostratus (Ancient Greek: Σώστρατος, Sostratos) was an Ancient Greek athlete from Pellene, Achaea. He won the footrace for boys at the Ancient Olympic Games. He was the first Achaean to win at the Olympics since Oebotas of Dyme. According to legend, Oebotas had cursed the Achaeans for not giving him a special prize after his Olympic victory, so that no Achaean should win at the Olympics. When the Achaeans had dedicated a statue to Oebotas in Olympia, the curse was broken and Sostratus could win.
# Marcellus of Side

Marcellus of Side (Ancient Greek: Μάρκελλος Σιδήτης, Marcellus Sidetes; 2nd century) a native of Side in Pamphylia, was a physician born towards the end of the 1st century AD, and lived during the reigns of Hadrian and Antoninus Pius, 117-161 AD. He wrote a long medical poem in Greek hexameter verse, consisting of forty-two books, which was held in such estimation, that it was ordered by the emperors to be placed in the public libraries at Rome. Of this work only two fragments remain, one Περὶ Λυκανθρώπου, De Lycanthropia, and the other Ἰατρικὰ περὶ Ἰχθύων, De Remediis ex Piscibus. Of these the former is preserved (but in prose) by Aëtius of Amida. The second fragment consists of about 100 verses.
According to the Greek Anthology, Marcellus was very famous and honored. His books were presented to the public library in Rome. In his hometown of Side, he served as municipal physician.
# Archelaus of Priene

Archelaus of Priene (Ancient Greek: Ἀρχέλαος) was a Greek sculptor who lived close to 300 BC in Priene. He is remembered for his apotheosis of Homer, a marble relief aggrandising the poet that is now preserved in the British Museum.
# Convento de Nuestra Señora del Carmen (Zaragoza)

Convento de Nuestra Señora del Carmen was a monastery in Zaragoza municipality, Aragon, Spain. It was established in 1290 and demolished in 1835.
* This article about a Spanish Christian monastery, abbey, priory or other religious house is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Arthur Robinson (civil servant)

Sir William Arthur Robinson (9 September 1874 – 23 April 1950) was a British civil servant.
Educated at The Queen's College, Oxford, he entered in the Civil Service in 1897, initially working in the Colonial Office and from 1912 at the Office of Works. From 1918 to 1920, he was the Permanent Secretary of the new Air Ministry. He was then Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Health from 1920 to 1935, during which time he oversaw the implementation of major housing, pensions, planning and local government reforms. He was then chairman of the Supply Board before becoming Permanent Secretary of the new Ministry of Supply in 1939. He retired in 1940.
# Raffaele Mancino

Raffaele Mancino (born 8 December 1965) is an Italian weightlifter. He competed in the men's middle heavyweight event at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
# Sepedon armipes

Sepedon armipes is a species of marsh fly (insects in the family Sciomyzidae).
# Eucharides Painter

Eucharides Painter (Ancient Greek: Εὐχαρίδης) is the common nickname of an ancient Greek artist who decorated but did not sign Attic vases. Neither his real name, nor the dates of his birth and death are known. Presumably this artist was a pupil of the Nikoxenos Painter.
The name was introduced in 1911 by John Beazley, a classical historian at the University of Oxford, who had a special interest in Attic vases. Through close examination of stylistic details, Beazley and other scholars recognized pieces painted by the same artist. In this case, the nickname appreciates the anonymous painter's repeated use of kalos inscriptions praising the beauty of a named young boy. A vase with the inscription ΚΑΛΟΣ ΕΥΧΑΡΙΔΕΣ ("kalos Eucharides", i.e. Eucharides is beautiful) became the source of the artist's name.
The Eucharides Painter was working in Athens in the years from about 500 BC to 470 BC. At this time the technique of vase painting switched from black-figure to red-figure illustrations, a process commonly attributed to the Andokides Painter. Correspondingly, both black-figured and red-figured vases are attributed to the Eucharides Painter. Their shapes range from large kraters to small cups. Scenes were drawn from mythology and daily life.
Many of this artist's known works were retrieved from Etruscan tombs in Italy. Recently, one of his attic vases was claimed to be looted and was repossessed by the Italian State. NY Observer NY Times

## Vases

Examples of Attic vases attributed to the Eucharides Painter are on display around the world, e.g.:
* Getty Museum, Malibu, California, USA (no. 86.AE.227). Attic red-figure water jar illustrating a young boy and a reveller with the eponymous inscription
Kalos Eucharides (Beazley Archive Database Number 275122)
* Vatican City, Museo Gregoriano Etrusco Vaticano (no. H545) Attic red-figure hygria illustrating a scene from Homer´s Iliad, the killing of Hektor by Achilles (Beazley Archive Vase Number 202267)
* London, British Museum (no. B178). Attic black-figured amphora illustrating Dionysos with Ivy and Kantharos between Satyrs. (Beazley Archive Vase Number 302996).
* Paris, Musée du Louvre. Attic red-figure amphora illustrating Satyre et Menade.
* St. Petersburg, The State Hermitage Museum. (Inv. No. Б. 2604). Attic red-figure hydria-kalpis illustrating Nike with tripod.
* Hamburg, Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe. Attic red-figure wine amphora illustrating the killing of Argos by Hermes.
* Bremen, Antikenmuseum im Schnoor/ Sammlung Zimmermann.
Black-figured pseudo-panathenaic amphora.
* Copenhagen, National Museum Attic red-figured stamnos illustrating a Woman with a Mirror, a Seated Youth Looks at a Dog. Inscription.
Beazley Archive Database Number 202230

## Literature

* Beazley, J. D., Attic Red figured Vase Painters, 2nd edition (Oxford, 1963) [= ARV²]
* Beazley, J. D., Attic Black-figure Vase-painters (Oxford, 1956)
# Ommatius wilcoxi

Ommatius wilcoxi is a species of robber flies in the family Asilidae.
# Antoninus (philosopher)

Antoninus (Ancient Greek: Ἁντωνῖνος) was a Neoplatonist philosopher who lived in the 4th century. He was a son of Eustathius and Sosipatra, and had a school at Canopus, Egypt. He was an older contemporary of Hypatia who lived and worked nearby in Alexandria. He devoted himself wholly to his pupils, but he never expressed any opinion upon divine matters, and although Eunapius attributes this to Antoninus' piety, he also points out that Antoninus refrained from theurgic rites "perhaps because he kept a wary eye on the imperial views and policy which were opposed to these practices." His moral conduct is described as exemplary. He and his disciples were strongly attached to paganism; but he is said to have been able to see that its end was near at hand, and he predicted that after his death all the splendid temples of the gods would be changed into tombs:
   He foretold to all his followers that after his death the temple would cease to be, and even the great and holy temples of Serapis would pass into formless darkness and be transformed, and that a fabulous and unseemly gloom would hold sway over the fairest things on earth. To all these prophecies time bore witness, and in the end his prediction gained the force of an oracle.
# Dann eben mit Gewalt

Dann eben mit Gewalt (also known as Violence: The Last Resort) is a 1993 German television film. It is based on a novel by Jan de Zanger [nl].

## Cast

In alphabetical order (surname):
* Wilhelm Beck
* Christine Buchegger
* Suavi Eren as Aysche's father
* Ulrich Frank
* Regula Grauwiller as Anne
* Michael Greiling as Headmaster
* Thomas Heinze as Alex
* Charles Korvin
* Silvan-Pierre Leirich
* Thomas Luft
* Michael Mendl as Schwarz
* Adele Neuhauser as Teacher
* Götz Otto
* Claudia Pielmann
* Krista Posch as Aysche's mother
* Herbert Schäfer as Didi
* Heinrich Schafmeister as Inspector (as Hinrich Schafmeister)
* Jürgen Schmidt [de] as Martin's father
* David Steffen [de] as Hassan
* Jasmin Tabatabai as Aysche
* Jürgen Vogel as Martin
# Olbia, Libya

Olbia or Theodorias (Ancient Greek: Ὀλβία, Θεοδωριάς) was a Roman / Byzantine town between Marj and Bayda in the Cyrenaica region of modern Libya. Olbia is now mostly an archaeological site. The location's modern name is Qasr Libya, after the Islamic period castle (qasr) on the site and Libya or Lebia as a corruption of the ancient name Olbia.

## History

The ancient city of Olbia, after destruction by the Vandals and incursions by Laguatan (Lwatae) nomads, was refounded in 539 CE as polis nea ("new city") Theodorias by the Byzantine empress Theodora.
All that remains of the town are two Byzantine churches. One is integrated into the Qasr, which now houses the Qasr Libya Museum. The other church was excavated by Richard Goodchild in the mid 1950s. Only the floor plan remains, but fifty beautiful mosaic panels depicting the known world and the refoundation and adornment of the city by Theodora are on display in the museum. In one of these, two mosaics reveal the names of Makarios and Theodoros, the bishops, the latter being qualified as a "new bishop," presumably Makarios's successor.

## Bishopric

There are five known ancient bishops of this ancient diocese. The first two are mentioned in the letter written by Synesius of Cyrene to Theophilus of Alexandria in 412, in which the author communicates to the Archbishop of Alexandria that after a long ministry and a long life died "the very best Father Athamas"; that the faithful of Olbia unanimously chose as his successor Antonios, an honest and just man.
Bishop Publius took part in the Council of Ephesus 431.
Since 1933 Olbia has been included among the bishopric holders of the Catholic Church; the title is no longer assigned from May 26, 1978.

### Known bishops
#### Late antiquity

* Athamas (fl. 412)
* Antonios (fl. after 412 )
* Poplios (Publius) (fl. 431)
* Makarios (fl. 539/540)
* Theodoros (fl. 539/540)

#### Modern times (Catholic Church)

* Tihamér Tóth (1938–1939)
* James Colbert (1939–1955)
* Elie Vandewalle (1958–1960)
* Arcângelo Cerqua (1961–1978)
# Serapion of Alexandria

Serapion of Alexandria (Ancient Greek: Σεραπίων ὁ Ἀλεξανδρεύς) was a physician who lived in the 3rd century BC. He belonged to the Empiric school, and so much extended and improved the system of Philinus of Cos, that the creation of the school is attributed to him by some ancient writers. Serapion wrote against Hippocrates with much vehemence, but neither this, nor any of his other works, have survived. He is several times mentioned by Celsus, Galen, Caelius Aurelianus, Aëtius, Paulus Aegineta, and Nicolaus Myrepsus.
# Autolycus (areopagite)

Autolycus (Ancient Greek: Αὐτόλυκος; fl. 4th century BC) was an Athenian areopagite who was accused by the orator Lycurgus on account of removing his wife and children from Athens after the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC and was condemned by the judges. The speech of Lycurgus against Autolycus was extant in the time of Harpocration, but has not come down to us.
# Nonnus (disambiguation)

Nonnus (Ancient Greek: Νόννος, Nónnos) usually refers to Nonnus of Panopolis, a Hellenized Egyptian who wrote the longest-surviving epic poem from antiquity, the Dionysiaca.
Nonnus may also refer to:
* Nonnus (wasp), a genus of wasps
* St Nonnus, a probably legendary Syrian bishop from the hagiography of St Pelagia
* Nonnus of Edessa, bishop, frequently but probably mistakenly conflated with St Nonnus and with Nonnus of Panopolis
* Nonnus of Zerabenna, bishop
* Nonnus (historian) (6th-century), better known as Nonnosus
* Theophanes Nonnus, a 10th-century Byzantine physician
* Pseudo-Nonnus also called Nonnus Abbas (i.e. "Nonnus the Abbot"), a 6th-century AD commentator on Gregory Nazianzen
# Asclepiodotus (physician)

Asclepiodotus (Ancient Greek:Ἀσκληπιόδοτος) was a Greek physician, mathematician, and musician of the late 5th century AD, who was best known for promoting the medicinal uses of white hellebore. He was a pupil of Jacobus Psychrestus, and is mentioned by Damascius.