OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Open the Door (Pentangle album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Sounds | |
Open the Door is an album by Pentangle. The band had split in 1973 and reformed in the early 1980s. By the time this album was recorded, John Renbourn had left the band to enroll in a music degree course and his place was taken by Mike Piggott. The other band members were unchanged from the original Pentangle line-up: Terry Cox, Bert Jansch, Jacqui McShee and Danny Thompson. It was produced by John Chelew.
The album was released in 1985 on Spindrift, SPIN 111. Some sources give 1982, 1983 or 1984 (perhaps because recording began in 1983 and the 'published' and 'copyright' dates on the album are 1984, suggesting that it had been planned for an earlier release). In the United States It was released on Varrick VR017 (LP) and CRV017 (Cassette). It was re-released in 2006 on Talking Elephant, the longest time that has ever passed for an original Pentangle album to become available on CD. Compared to their previous recordings it was relatively poorly reviewed. Varrick is an American label that also brought some Fairport Convention albums back into print.

## Track listing

All tracks composed by Pentangle; except where noted.
* "Open the Door" (Traditional; arranged by Pentangle)
* "Dragonfly"
* "Mother Earth" (Milton Nascimento)
* "Child of the Winter"
* "The Dolphin"
* "Lost Love" (Bert Jansch)
* "Sad Lady"
* "Taste of Love"
* "Yarrow" (Child 214 – The Braes o Yarrow) (Traditional; arranged by Pentangle)
* "Street Song"

## Personnel
### Pentangle

* Terry Cox – drums, percussion, vocals
* Bert Jansch – acoustic guitar, vocals
* Jacqui McShee – vocals
* Mike Piggott – violin, acoustic and electric guitar
* Danny Thompson – double bass

### Technical

* Jerry Boys – engineer
* Peter Bucker – cover illustration, design
# Mining in Dubuque

Dubuque, Iowa had had a history involving the mining of the area's lead-zinc deposits along with other metals like iron. Both natives and Europeans were using the metals in the region. The first European in the area, Julien Dubuque, received a lease from the natives to mine. Eventually, the mines were shut down though.

## Native American usage

Even though the natives did not smelt metals, they still found uses for them. Using iron, they could make black paint by grinding the iron up into a powder and mixing it with water.
Native Americans did not tell Europeans about the locations of their mines. Julien Dubuque would eventually be the exception.
Lead ore was traded by the Meskwaki to the English and French. Shot would be made from that lead by the Europeans, who would then trade it to the natives.

## European usage

Lead deposits on the continent had been mined for a long time before Dubuque's mines. Before 1650, French colonizers practiced basic lead mining and smelting. Europe found out about the lead by 1682 due to the writings of Nicolas Perrot. Perrot first mined for lead in the area in 1690.
In 1788, Julien Dubuque obtained a lease of land from the Sauk and Meskwaki for mining purposes from the Little Maquoketa River to the Tete Des Morts Creek. The grant was confirmed by the Spanish Louisianan governor in 1796. Until Dubuque died in 1810, he ran the Mines of Spain from a town near the mouth of Catfish Creek. Just before he died though, he lost financial control of the mines. Lead mining collapsed and legal issues ensued after his death. The US Army then took over the mines. Legal issues related to ownership were not fixed until the U.S. Supreme Court declared that any ownership claims stemming from Julien Dubuque was invalid.
A lead rush of people from the East Coast and Europe ensued as people learned about the veins in 1820s. By 1829, over 4,000 mining permits were issued. The US army did require that 10% of all lead would be given to them.
In the 1830s, miners from Galena, Illinois learned about the mines. They obtained permission from the natives to start mining. One of the first of these mines was Langworthy crevice. However, in order to keep a treaty with the natives, the federal government ordered that the miners leave. To enforce the order, they sent troops from Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin. After the Black Hawk War, the area around Dubuque was able to be settled. Large amounts of prospecting ensued.
Between 1845 and 1847, Dubuque's lead district reached its peak in production at 54,000,000 pounds (24,000,000 kg) per year, more than any other lead district in the world.

## Closing

Dubuque's mines were shut down in 1910. The failure was due to an exhaustion of all the surface deposits and eventually, miners hit the water table. Costs outweighed the profits ending the mines. However, a small attempt at reviving the mines was made in the early 1950s. The last mine in the entire Upper Mississippi Valley in Shullsburg, Wisconsin was closed in 1979.
# 1859 Welsh revival

The 1859 Welsh revival was a Christian revival$^{:57}$ in South Wales. It was documented by three Welsh religious historians:
* Thomas Rees, the Congregational minister
* Thomas Lewis, the Baptist minister, and
* E. T. Davies,$^{:55–57}$ the Welsh schoolmaster and Anglican scholar-priest.
Davies documented that there were revivals in Merthyr Tydfil in 1810, 1815 and 1829, and sporadically in the Mynyddislwyn area over a period of thirty-five years. and that there were three revivals in 1831–1832.
Rees documented that there were further revivals in 1841, 1842, and 1843, which were followed by what he described as "The Great Revival" of 1849. He attributed the first three revivals to the circulation of a translation of "Mr. Finney's 'Lectures' by Mr. Griffiths. of Swansea". However, he later wrote the following qualification: "It will be readily acknowledged that the terrible visitation of the Cholera was principally the means of arousing the attention of our hearers to consider seriously the important truths with which they were already theoretically acquainted ...".
Finally Davies documented that the "most powerful" of the revivals occurred in 1849. This followed a cholera outbreak in Merthyr Tydfil and spread across north Monmouthshire. Lewis made the following informative observations:
   1849 – This year has been remarkable for cholera epidemic [sic] in England and Wales. Thousands have died from the disease, which caused a panic among the people – the mere hearers of the Word. Many hundreds fled to the churches for membership, especially on the hills and in the ironworks. It is feared that terror only has driven many, and not the constraining love of Christ.
Humphrey Jones, a Methodist minister, and David Morgan, a Presbyterian minister, led the 1859 revival. It had its roots in the Third Great Awakening (1857–1859) in the United States, which Jones had experienced in New York City. On his return to Tre'r Ddôl, he recruited Morgan to the cause.
Davies observed, citing Thomas Rees in Phillips, that the revival "had less effect in Monmouthshire than in Glamorgan; and only rarely did the Baptists and the Established Church join with the Independents, Wesleyan Methodists and Calvinistic Methodists".
Two claims have been made about the effect of the revival. Davies claimed that "it added 80,000 to the membership of the chapels". In contrast, Jones estimated that it produced 100,000 converts.
Martyn Lloyd-Jones viewed the revival as being connected to the revival in Ulster during the same year. Rees was more informative. He initially documented, in a letter to H.O. Wills, an English colleague and one of four benefactors, that he and four colleagues travelled from Holyhead to Dublin and then to Belfast, where they attended two prayer-meetings and visited '"every part of the town" and gathered "all the information we could from ministers [and] town missionaries". He subsequently documented, in two follow-up letters to Wills, detailed enthusiastic accounts of the revival.
The next major revival after 1859 was the 1904–1905 Welsh revival.
# 2021 Zubr Cup

The 2021 Zubr Cup was a professional women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the seventeenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2021 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Přerov, Czech Republic between 23 and 29 August 2021.

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| AUS | Seone Mendez | 222 | 1 |
| FRA | Diane Parry | 236 | 2 |
| RUS | Anastasia Zakharova | 244 | 3 |
| MEX | Ana Sofía Sánchez | 253 | 4 |
| BRA | Gabriela Cé | 258 | 5 |
| ROU | Alexandra Ignatik | 262 | 6 |
| SUI | Simona Waltert | 265 | 7 |
| CRO | Tena Lukas | 270 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of 16 August 2021.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Monika Kilnarová
* Linda Nosková
* Dominika Šalková
* Darja Viďmanová
The following player received entry using a protected ranking:
* Anna Zaja
The following player received entry as a special exempt:
* Anna Sisková
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Nikola Bartůňková
* Andrea Gámiz
* Sarah Beth Grey
* Misaki Matsuda
* Tereza Mihalíková
* Park So-hyun
* Alice Ramé
* Tereza Smitková
The following player received entry as a lucky loser:
* Sára Bejlek

## Champions
### Singles

* Linda Nosková def. Alexandra Ignatik, 6–7$^{(2–7)}$, 6–4, 6–3

### Doubles

* Carolina Alves / Sarah Beth Grey def. Mana Kawamura / Funa Kozaki, 6–4, 3–6, [13–11]
# MEO Arena (Přerov)

MEO Arena is an indoor sporting arena located in Přerov, Czech Republic. The capacity of the arena is 3,000 people, 1,951 of the places are seated. The arena was built in 1969–1971. It is currently home to the HC ZUBR Přerov ice hockey team. The arena was reconstructed in 2009.
# Shock waves in astrophysics

Shock waves are common in astrophysical environments.
Because of the low ambient density, most astronomical shocks are collisionless. This means that the shocks are not formed by two-body Coulomb collisions, since the mean free path for these collisions is too large, often exceeding the size of the system. Such shocks were first theorised by Frederic de Hoffmann and Edward Teller, who studied shock waves in magnetized fluids with infinite conductivity. The precise mechanism for energy dissipation and entropy generation at such shocks is still under investigation, but it is widely accepted that the general mechanism driving these shocks consists of wave particle interaction and plasma instabilities, that operate on the scale of plasma skin depth, which is typically much shorter than the mean free path.
It is known that collisionless shocks are associated with extremely high energy particles, although it has not been definitively established if the high energy photons observed are emitted by protons, electrons or both. The energetic particles are in general believed to be accelerated by the Fermi acceleration mechanism. It is usually agreed that shocks caused by supernova remnants expanding in the interstellar medium accelerate the cosmic rays measured above the Earth's atmosphere.
Shock waves in stellar environments, such as shocks inside a core collapse supernova explosion often become radiation mediated shocks. Such shocks are formed by photons colliding with the electrons of the matter, and the downstream of these shocks is dominated by radiation energy density rather than thermal energy of matter.
An important type of astrophysical shock is the relativistic shock, in which the shock velocity is a non-negligible fraction of the speed of light. These shocks are unique to astrophysical environments, and can be either collisionless or radiation mediated. Relativistic shocks are theoretically expected in gamma ray bursts, active galactic nucleus jets and in some types of supernovae.

## Examples

* Interplanetary shock waves due to solar flares and coronal mass ejections, and originally discovered via geomagnetic sudden commencements.
* The bow shocks formed around planets in stellar winds, and sometimes around stars themselves.
* Supernova remnants driving a shock through the interstellar medium (ISM).
* Shocks traveling through a massive star as it explodes in a core collapse supernova.
* Shocks in interstellar gas, caused by a collision between molecular clouds or by a gravitational collapse of a cloud.
* Accretion shocks at the edge of galaxy clusters.
# John Witte

John August Witte (January 29, 1933 – March 17, 1993) was an American football tackle who played one season with the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He was drafted by the Los Angeles Rams in the ninth round of the 1955 NFL draft.

## Early life

Witte played college football at Oregon State University and attended Klamath Union High School in Klamath Falls, Oregon. He was a consensus All-American in 1956. Witte was also a wrestler at Oregon State and finished second at the NCAA Championships as a freshman. He served in the United States Army during the Korean War and became a corporal.

## After football

After his football career, Witte had a brief career as a professional wrestler before moving into a career in education. He taught high school and coached football, including 24 years at Jefferson High School, where he served 17 years as dean of students. He died of leukemia in Portland in 1993. He was inducted to the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame in 1983 and the Oregon State Athletics Hall of Fame in 1991.
# Wilfrid Nelson Isaac

Wilfrid Nelson Isaac (30 March 1893 – 15 June 1972) was a New Zealand jeweller, enameller, metalworker and art school director. He is known for several public commissions for silver pieces, such as important trophies, and ecclesiastical items. Trained in the Arts and Crafts movement, he often incorporated New Zealand's indigenous styles, elements and materials such as Maori and opals. He was born in Kyneton, Victoria, Australia.
# Terje Gulbrandsen

Svein Terje Gulbrandsen (29 November 1944 – 25 September 2015) was a Norwegian footballer who played as a midfielder. At club level he won the Norwegian League once and the Cup twice with Skeid. He represented the Norway national football team on two occasions in 1969.
Gulbrandsen's daughter Solveig Gulbrandsen also became a professional footballer and won an Olympic gold medal with the Norway women's national football team.
# Kishan Pur

Kishan Pur is a village in Phagwara Tehsil in Kapurthala district of Punjab State, India. It is located 33 kilometres (21 mi) from Kapurthala, 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) from Phagwara. The village is administrated by a Sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per the constitution of India and Panchayati raj (India).

## Transport

Phagwara Junction Railway Station and Mauli Halt Railway Station are the nearby railway stations to Kishan Pur, while Jalandhar City Railway station is 23 km away from the village. The village is 118 km away from Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport in Amritsar and the other nearest airport is Sahnewal Airport in Ludhiana which is located 40 km away from the village. Phagwara, Jandiala, Jalandhar, Phillaur are the nearby cities to Kishan Pur village.
# Gail Greenwood

Gail Greenwood (born March 10, 1960) is an American musician and illustrator most notable for performing bass guitar and vocals with the bands Belly and L7.

## Career

Greenwood grew up in Rhode Island. She became a vegetarian at age fourteen and has been a lifelong adherent of straight edge, refraining from substance use. Having originally learned to play the baritone horn, Greenwood switched to guitar following high school. She earned a degree in illustration from the Rhode Island School of Design.
Her first band, the Dames, won the WBRU Rock Hunt in 1986. Later, Greenwood was a member of the Providence, Rhode Island–based band known as Boneyard, who opened for the Goo Goo Dolls, Social Distortion, and the Circle Jerks. In 1993, Throwing Muses alumna Tanya Donelly recruited Greenwood to join Belly as a bass guitarist. She played on that band's second album King and appeared on the cover of Rolling Stone. Donelly disbanded Belly in 1996 and Greenwood joined L7 as a bassist the following year. She continued with that group for three years. In 2001, Greenwood was recruited to play bass on tour in support of Canadian pop punk artist Bif Naked.
Greenwood and her partner, singer/bassist Chil Mott, formed the group Benny Sizzler in 2003 with guitarist Mark Tomis and drummer Slim Jim Colleran. Alumni of this band include drummer Tom Berglund, the late guitarist/singer Gene Severens (who had played with Greenwood in Boneyard) and guitarist Terry Linehan (a fill-in guitarist for Green Day). Greenwood and Mott remain active in anti-sprawl efforts, promoting the retention of open spaces, responsible development and lobbying for land conservation in the face of tremendous pressure by big-box corporations including Wal-Mart.
Greenwood resumed playing and writing music with Belly after the band reformed in 2016. A 2017 article with Vanyaland listed Greenwood's support for the Affordable Care Act following an endometrial cancer diagnosis discovered just prior to a scheduled reunion tour with Belly. Greenwood continued with chemotherapy and completed all the original tour dates as scheduled. In 2018, Belly released their third album, Dove, to generally favorable reviews.
In October 2024, it was announced that Greenwood would tour as a member of Gang of Four during their planned North American Farewell Tour in the spring of 2025.
# Chlidanthus

Chlidanthus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae native to Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru.

## Description
### Vegetative characteristics

Chlidanthus has tunicate bulbs. The leaves are linear.

### Generative characteristics

The inflorescence is a few-flowered umbel. The pedicellate or sessile flowers have a slightly curved, elongate, tubular, marcescent perianth composed of six tepals, which does not have a corona. The androecium consists of six basally fused stamens. The curved filaments are very short. The erect style has a trifid stigma. The trilocular capsule fruit bears numerous flat and thin seeds. The flowers of Chlidanthus fragrans are pleasantly fragrant.

## Taxonomy
### Publication

The genus Chlidanthus Herb. was published by William Herbert in 1821.

### Species

The genus Chlidanthus has four species:
* Chlidanthus boliviensis Traub & I.S.Nelson
* Chlidanthus fragrans Herb.
* Chlidanthus soratensis (Baker) Ravenna
* Chlidanthus yaviensis (Ravenna) Ravenna

### Placement within Amaryllidoideae

It is placed in the tribe Eustephieae.

## Etymology

The generic name Chlidanthus means delicate flower.
# Roberto Santilli

Roberto Santilli (born 22 February 1965) is an Italian professional volleyball coach and former player.

## Career as coach

In 2007, Santilli moved to Jastrzębski Węgiel and coached his team to the 2008–09 PlusLiga bronze medal, and a silver one next season. Also, in 2010 they won the Polish Cup after beating Asseco Resovia.
In 2010, he left PlusLiga and joined the Russian team, Iskra Odintsovo.
Santilli was an assistant coach of Vital Heynen in the German national team, that won a bronze medal at the 2014 World Championship held in Poland. In 2015, he was named a new head coach of the Australian national volleyball team.
On 11 April 2017, he was appointed new head coach of the Polish team, Indykpol AZS Olsztyn.
For the 2020–21 season, Santilli became the first ever foreign head coach in the South Korean Volleyball League, by joining Incheon Korean Air Jumbos.

## Honours
### Club

* CEV Challenge Cup
** 2008–09 – with Jastrzębski Węgiel
* Domestic
** 2009–10 Polish Cup, with Jastrzębski Węgiel
** 2020–21 South Korean Championship, with Incheon Korean Air Jumbos
** 2021–22 Turkish SuperCup, with Ziraat Bankası Ankara

### Youth national team

* 2002 CEV U20 European Championship, with Italy U21
# Terje Liverød

Terje Liverød (born 18 July 1955) is a Norwegian player agent and former footballer.

## Playing career

Liverød, who lives in Uruguay, was born in Tønsberg, but hails from Sandefjord and played more than 100 matches for the local club Sandefjord BK. In 1977, he left his hometown and moved to Denmark, where he played for various top clubs, including Kjøbenhavns Boldklub (now FC Copenhagen). Liverod also played in Brasil and Singapore, before he returned to Norway where he ended his career with Sandefjord BK in 1987.

## Career outside football

Liverod has a master's degree in Economics and Business Administration and has been managing textile industries in South America. He was for a while managing director of the Norwegian company Jordan AS in Latin America and later on Far East and Australia. He is among others known in Norway for his relationship with Diego Maradona; Liverød was Maradona's agent in Europe and managed his "Showbol Argentina" tour in 2006.
Liverod has been working as a player agent with base in Uruguay and have scouted or assisted several top South-American players being transferred to European clubs, among others Claudio Pizarro who he discovered in Peru in 1999 together with Paul Walsh, José Oscar Flores ("Turu"), Darío Rodríguez, Rafinha, Lucas Pratto when he was 19 years old and Matias Almeyda.
Liverød has worked as scout and South American consultant for various top clubs in Europe, including FC Schalke 04 of Germany. In 2008, he tried to start a cooperation between Schalke and the Norwegian club FK Lyn, but the attempt failed. In 2007 and 2008, Matias Almeyda and Liverød attempted to buy the at that time Norwegian top club FC Lyn, where Almeyda had been playing, and later on Sandefjord Fotball, a club from Liverød's hometown. However, both negotiations were unsuccessful.
During the 2006 and 2010 FIFA World Cup's, Liverod worked part-time for the Norwegian television station TV 2 and during 2014 FIFA World Cup for the state channel NRK (Norway). In connection with 2014 FIFA World Cup Liverød made a documentary with and about the legend from the 1950 FIFA World Cup final; Alcides Ghiggia. The film was shown on TV channels in South America and also used by his friend Maradona on the latter's program "De Zurda" as well as by NRK (Norway) during the 2014 FIFA World Cup.
# Kemal Özçelik

Kemal Özçelik (3 May 1922 – 9 August 2020) was a Turkish equestrian who competed in the 1956 Summer Olympics.
# Brook darter

The brook darter (Etheostoma burri) is a small species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is endemic to the eastern United States, where it occurs in the upper Black River system in Missouri, from headwaters to where the River flows into the Mississippi River alluvial plain. It inhabits shallow gravel riffles, sometimes rocky runs and pools, of headwaters, creeks, and small rivers. The brook darter was first formally described in 1997 by Patrick A. Ceas and Lawrence M. Page with the type locality given as the Black River on the northeastern outskirts of Mill Spring, Missouri. The specific name honours Brooks M. Burr, Emeritus Professor and Curator of Fishes of Southern Illinois University who first brought the fish to the attention of the authors.