OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kōan (Kamakura period)

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Kōan (弘安) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, lit. "year name") after Kenji and before Shōō. This period spanned the years from February 1278 through April 1288. The reigning emperors were Go-Uda-tennō (後宇多天皇) and Fushimi-tennō (伏見天皇).

## Change of era

* 1278 Kōan gannen (弘安元年): The new era name was created to mark an event or a number of events. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in Kenji 4. The era name comes from the Veritable Records of the Emperor Taizong of Tang and combines the characters 弘 ("broad") and 安 ("peaceful"). It should not be confused with the later Kōan era of 1361–62, which used a different character for kō (康, "peace").

## Events of the Kōan era

* August 15, 1281 (Kōan 4, 7th day of the intercalary 7th month): Battle of Kōan -- The second Mongol invasion of Japan is foiled, as a large typhoon – famously called a kamikaze, or divine wind – destroys much of the combined Chinese and Korean fleet and forces, numbering over 140,000 men and 4,000 ships.
* November 27, 1287 (Kōan 10, 21st day of the 10th month): In the 14th year of Go-Uda-tennō's reign (後宇多天皇14年), the emperor abdicated; and the succession (‘‘senso’’) was received by his cousin. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Fushimi is said to have acceded to the throne (‘‘sokui’’).
# Mathew Cuthbert

Mathew John Cuthbert (born 21 September 1993) is a South African politician who served as the Shadow Deputy Minister of Trade and Industry from June 2019 until April 2023. A member of the Democratic Alliance, he was elected to the National Assembly in May 2019. Before that, Cuthbert served as a councillor in the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality.

## Political career

Cuthbert is a member of the Democratic Alliance. He served as a councillor and as the shadow mayoral committee member for economic development in the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality until his election to Parliament.
In March 2019, the Democratic Alliance announced their parliamentary candidates for the general election on 8 May. Cuthbert was placed 60th on the party's national list and 15th on the party's Gauteng regional list. After the election, he was announced as an incoming parliamentarian. He was sworn in on 22 May 2019. On 5 June 2019, the DA parliamentary leader, Mmusi Maimane, selected him to be the Shadow Deputy Minister of Trade and Industry. Cuthbert became a member of the Portfolio Committee on Trade and Industry on 27 June.
In 2020, Cuthbert supported Helen Zille's bid to be re-elected as chairperson of the DA's Federal Council, the party's second highest-decision making body. He also supported interim leader John Steenhuisen's leadership campaign. After Steenhuisen was elected leader for a full term, he kept Cuthbert in the Shadow Cabinet as Shadow Deputy Minister of Trade and Industry.
On 21 April 2023, Cuthbert was appointed the DA's Head of Policy following Gwen Ngwenya's departure to lead Airbnb's policy and legislative activities in the Middle East and Africa. Darren Bergman succeeded him as Shadow Deputy Minister of Trade, Industry and Competition.

## Personal life

Cuthbert is a cousin of AfriForum president Kallie Kriel. In an interview in May 2018, Kriel said that apartheid was not a crime against humanity. Cuthbert called his comment "disgusting".
# Ernane Galvêas

Ernane Galvêas (1 October 1922 – 23 June 2022) was a Brazilian economist and politician. He served as president of the Central Bank of Brazil from 1968 to 1974 and again from 1979 to 1980. He was also Minister of the Economy from 1980 to 1985.
Galvêas died on 23 June 2022 at the age of 99.
# Thore Tillman

Thore Tillman (9 August 1915 – 2004) was a Swedish long-distance runner. He won national titles in the 10000 m (1938, 1939, 1944 and 1946) and 8 km cross country (1941) and held national records over 5000 m (1939) and 10,000 m. He placed fifth in the 10000 m at the 1938 European Championships and failed to finish in 1946.
# Christina Scull

Christina Scull (born 6 March 1942 in Bristol, England) is a British researcher and writer best known for her books about the works of J. R. R. Tolkien, in collaboration with her husband Wayne G. Hammond who is also a Tolkien scholar. They have jointly won Mythopoeic Scholarship Awards for Inklings Studies five times.

## Biography

Christina Scull was born in Bristol and was educated at the Redmaids' High School there. She worked for the London Board of Trade from 1961 to 1971 while completing her Bachelor of Arts degree in art history and medieval history at Birkbeck College. From 1971 to 1995, she served as Librarian of the Sir John Soane's Museum in London. John Garth describes Scull and Hammond as "two highly regarded veterans of Tolkien studies." She married the American Tolkien scholar Wayne G. Hammond in December 1994 and has subsequently collaborated with him on several projects.

## Awards and distinctions

Mythopoeic Scholarship Awards for Inklings Studies, all jointly with Hammond:
* 1996 for J. R. R. Tolkien: Artist and Illustrator
* 1999 for Roverandom
* 2000 for Farmer Giles of Ham
* 2006 for The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion
* 2012 for The Art of the Hobbit by J. R. R. Tolkien

## Books

* 1991 The Soane Hogarths. Sir John Soane's Museum and Trefoil Publications.
* 1995 (with Wayne G. Hammond) J. R. R. Tolkien: Artist and Illustrator. Houghton Mifflin.
* 2005 (with Wayne G. Hammond) The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion. Houghton Mifflin.
* 2006 (with Wayne G. Hammond) The Lord of the Rings 1954-2004: Scholarship in Honor of Richard E. Blackwelder. Marquette University Press.
* 2006 (with Wayne G. Hammond) The J. R. R. Tolkien Companion and Guide. Houghton Mifflin. Revised and expanded edition 2017.
* 2018 (with Catherine McIlwaine) Tolkien: Maker of Middle-earth. Bodleian Library.
* 2024 (with Wayne G. Hammond) The Collected Poems of J.R.R. Tolkien
# Masefako Dikgale

Masefako Clarah Dikgale is a South African politician who was a Member of the National Assembly of South Africa from 2019 to 2023. Prior to serving in the National Assembly, she served as a permanent delegate to the National Council of Provinces from Limpopo from 2009 to 2019. Dikgale is a member of the African National Congress.

## Education

Dikgale graduated from the University of Limpopo with a honours degree in education. She completed a PALAMA leadership and governance short course with the University of South Africa and the University of the Witwatersrand.

## Political career

Dikgale served as the secretary of the ANC Women's League of the ANC Manyoro branch in ward 33 in the Polokwane Local Municipality. She is current chairperson of the ANC's Charles Rawane branch in Ga-Dikgale in Polokwane under the Mankweng Cluster. Dikgale is the current national treasurer of the Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa and the current chairperson of CONTRALESA's women's wing in Limpopo.

## Parliamentary career
### National Council of Provinces

In 2009, she was elected as an ANC permanent delegate to the National Council of Provinces from Limpopo. She was re-elected in 2014. She was then elected House Chairperson for International Relations and Members Interests.

#### Committee memberships

* Select Committee on Trade and International Relations
* Select Committee on Appropriations
* Select Committee on Economic Development
* Select Committee on Finance
* Ad Hoc Committee on General Intelligence Laws Amendment Bill
* Joint Standing Committee on Defence
* Select Committee on Economic and Business Development
* Ad Hoc Committee on the Review of Parmed

### National Assembly of South Africa

In 2019, she stood for election to the South African National Assembly as 3rd on the ANC's Limpopo list. At the election, Dikgale won a seat in the National Assembly.
Dikgale was one of four ANC MPs who resigned parliament in late-January and early-February 2023 to make way for newly elected members of the ANC national leadership to be sworn in.

#### Committee memberships

* Rules of the National Assembly
* Standing Committee on Appropriations
* Constitutional Review Committee
* Joint Standing Committee on Intelligence

## Personal life

Isaac Lesiba Maphotho, Cassel Mathale, Soviet Lekganyane, Thandi Modise, Baleka Mbete, Stanley Mathabatha, Rosina Semenya and Maite Nkoana-Mashabane are her political idols. Her interests include reading, singing and talking.
# Gustavo Krause

Gustavo Krause Gonçalves Sobrinho (born 19 June 1946, Vitória de Santo Antão) is a Brazilian lawyer and politician affiliated with the Brazil Union (UNIÃO). He served as the Minister of Finance and Minister of the Environment during the administrations of Itamar Franco and Fernando Henrique Cardoso. For Pernambuco, he was the governor, a federal deputy, and the state Secretary of Finance, as well as the mayor and a city councilor of the capital Recife.
He is the father of Priscila Krause, Vice-Governor of Pernambuco in 2022.

## Biography

In 1979 he was appointed by then-Governor Marco Maciel as the mayor of Recife, a position he held until 1982.
He was elected vice-governor of Pernambuco in 1986 on the ticket led by former Vice-Governor Roberto Magalhães (PDS), assuming the governorship from 1986 to 1987 due to Magalhães's resignation to run for the Senate. In 1988, he was elected a city councilor of Recife.
In 1990 he was elected a federal deputy for the state of Pernambuco. He served as the Minister of Finance of Brazil during Itamar Franco's administration, taking office on 5 October and leaving on 20 December 1992, serving only two months.
During Fernando Henrique Cardoso's first term as president (1995–1999), he served as the Minister of Urban Development and the Environment. Admitted to the Order of Military Merit in 1994 at the rank of special Commander by Itamar Franco, Krause was promoted in the following year by FHC to the rank of Grand Officer.
Currently, he is a political advisor for the DEM. He served as a substitute for Senator Marco Maciel from Pernambuco from 2003 to 2011. Since then, he has not run for political office.
# Jay Lewis

Jay Gardner Lewis (1914 – June 4, 1969) was a film director, a film producer and writer born in Warwickshire, England. In 1940, he founded the documentary film company Verity Films with Sydney Box.

## Filmography
### Director

* A Home of Your Own starring Ronnie Barker (1964) (and writer credits)
* Live Now, Pay Later (1962)
* Invasion Quartet (1961)
* The Baby and the Battleship (1956) (also writer and producer credits)
* Queen's Messengers (1941) (and producer credit)

### Producer

* Front Page Story (1954) (and writer credit)
* Morning Departure (1950) aka Operation Disaster (United States)
# João Maurício Vanderlei, Baron of Cotegipe

João Maurício Vanderlei or Wanderley, first and only baron of Cotegipe (October 23, 1815 – February 13, 1889), was a Brazilian magistrate and politician of the Conservative Party.
Born as the son of João Maurício Vanderlei, a Dutch descendant, and Francisca Antónia do Livramento, of Portuguese ancestry.
He graduated from the University of Olinda in 1837 with a bachelor's degree in Law and was Marine Minister, Farm Minister, External Minister and Justice Minister of Brazil. He was also President of the Senate of Brazil from 1881 to 1885, and President of the Council of Ministers from 1885 until 1888 and president of the Banco do Brasil.
Wanderley was responsible for the approvement of the Sexagenarians Law in 1885, which granted freedom to slaves who were older than 60 years old.
He was dismissed from his post by Princess Isabel during her third regency in 1888. Months later, as a senator, he was the only one to vote against the approval of the Golden Law, which abolished slavery. He is assigned the dialogue with the Princess where he says: "Your Highness released a race but lost the throne" to which the Princess promptly replied: "A thousand thrones I had, a thousand thrones I would give to liberate the slaves of Brazil"
# Gianfranco Grasselli

Gianfranco Grasselli (born 28 May 1950) is an Italian rower. He competed in the men's eight event at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
# Gianguido Milanesi

Gianguido Milanesi (born 26 January 1935) is an Italian fencer. He competed in the team foil event at the 1964 Summer Olympics.
# Arthur Chioro

Ademar Arthur Chioro dos Reis (born 5 December 1963) is a Brazilian physician, university professor, and politician affiliated with the Workers Party. From February 2014 to October 2015 he served as the minister of health in the government of Dilma Rousseff.

## Personal life

He graduated in medicine from the Central University of Serra dos Órgãos (UniFESO), performed a medical residency in Preventive and Social Medicine at the Botucatu Medical School, and obtained a master's degree from the State University of Campinas and a doctorate from the Federal University of São Paulo, both in collective health. Chioro identifies religiously as a spiritualists. Before he was appointed minister of health, Chioro was the secretary of health for the municipality of São Bernardo do Campo.

## Political career

Chioro was appointed to the role of Minister of Health on 3 February 2014, but on 21 February he was exonerated from the position of Minister of Health to take up the position of professor at Federal University of São Paulo. The procedure was part of a bureaucratic procedure, since he could not take office as a teacher already in a public position, however, as a teacher, he can accumulate the position of minister. Hence, Chioro's appointment as health minister took place after taking office as a teacher. The Secretary of Labor and Health Education Management, Mozart Sales, took over on an interim basis.
On December 31, 2014, his tenure in charge of the ministry was confirmed for the after the reelection of Dilma Rousseff, where he remained until September 29, 2015.
# Gianluca Luppi

Gianluca Luppi (born 23 August 1966) is an Italian professional football coach and former player, who played as a defender.
# Gianluca Tonetti

Gianluca Tonetti (21 April 1967 – 6 May 2023) was an Italian road cyclist. He most notably won the Trittico Lombardo in 2001. He also rode in four editions of the Giro d'Italia as well as the 1993 Vuelta a España.
Tonetti died on 6 May 2023, at the age of 56.

## Major results
### 1984

    1st Giro della Lunigiana

### 1987

    1st Coppa Collecchio

### 1988

    1st Coppa Collecchio

### 1990

    1st Trofeo dello Scalatore

### 1991

    6th Coppa Placci

### 1992

    6th GP Città di Camaiore

### 1993

    3rd Kaistenberg Rundfahrt
    7th Gran Piemonte

### 1998

    2nd Piccolo Giro di Lombardia
    2nd GP Capodarco
    3rd Wartenberg Rundfahrt

### 1999

    3rd GP Industria Artigianato e Commercio Carnaghese
    3rd Giro d'Oro
    10th Trofeo Melinda

### 2000

    2nd Trofeo dello Scalatore
    3rd Giro del Veneto
    6th Coppa Agostoni
    8th Coppa Placci
    10th GP Industria & Commercio di Prato

### 2001

    1st Trittico Lombardo
    2nd Trofeo dello Scalatore
    3rd Coppa Agostoni
    4th GP Industria & Commercio di Prato
    5th Overall Brixia Tour
    8th Giro dell'Emilia
    9th Overall Tour de Langkawi

### 2003

    4th GP Città di Camaiore
    4th Giro d'Oro
    10th Overall Brixia Tour

### 2004

    10th GP Nobili Rubinetterie

### 2005

    6th GP Nobili Rubinetterie
    10th GP Industria Artigianato e Commercio Carnaghese
# Reda Hegazy

Reda Hegazy (Arabic: رِضا حجازي; born 4 December 1959) was the Egyptian Minister of Education and Technical Education in the cabinet headed by Mostafa Madbouly in succession of Tarek Shawki.
Before appointing, Hegazy had long held the position of deputy minister of education at the Ministry of Education.
In September 2023, Hegazy as Minister of Education announced plans for schools to Ban female students from wearing niqab.
# Gianni Lonzi

Gianni Lonzi (born August 4, 1938) is an Italian water polo player who competed in the 1960 Summer Olympics, in the 1964 Summer Olympics, and in the 1968 Summer Olympics.
In 1960 he was a member of the Italian water polo team which won the gold medal. He played five matches.
Four years later he finished fourth with the Italian team in the water polo competition at the Tokyo Games. He played six matches.
At the 1968 Games he was part of the Italian team which finished again fourth in the Olympic water polo tournament. He played all nine matches.
As a head coach, Lonzi led Italy men's national team to win an Olympic silver medal in 1976, becoming one of a few sportspeople who won Olympic medals in water polo as players and head coaches.
He is married from 1968 with the Italian fencer Olympic Champion Antonella Ragno.
# Charles Brun (Denmark)

Charles Brun (16 February 1866 in Copenhagen – 28 January 1919) was a Danish politician, representing the Venstre Reform Party in Parliament (Folketinget). He served as Finance Minister of Denmark in the Cabinet of Niels Neergaard I from October 12, 1908 to August 16, 1909.
# Gianpaolo Spagnulo

Gianpaolo Spagnulo (born 26 September 1964) is an Italian retired footballer who last played for Taranto 1927 in his home country.

## Career

Spagnulo started his senior career with S.S.D. Città di Brindisi. In 1992, he signed for Genoa C.F.C. in the Italian Serie A, where he made twenty-four league appearances and scored zero goals. After that, he played for A.C. Pisa 1909, Delfino Pescara 1936, A.C. Perugia Calcio, Esporte Clube Vitória, S.S.D. Casarano Calcio, and Taranto 1927.
# Christen Andreas Fonnesbech

Christen Andreas Fonnesbech (7 July 1817 – 17 May 1880) was a Danish lawyer, landowner and politician. He was Council President of Denmark from 1874 to 1875.

## Early life and education

Fonnesbech was born in Copenhagen, where his father was a dressmaker. He matriculated from Borgerdyd School in 1835 and earned a cand.jur. degree from the University of Copenhagen in 1840.

## Career

He began his tenure and became town clerk (byfoged) in Hillerød. In 1843 he bought the estate Vesterbygaard at Kalundborg at Holbæk. In 1845, he also bought Saltoft at Slagelse.

## Politics

In 1863 he acted as president of the County Council in Odense. Fonnesbech was also a member of the Folketing from 1858 to 1875.

## Awards

He became a Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog in 1860, Commander of the 1st Degree in 1866, received the Grand Cross in 1870, was awarded the Cross of Honour (Dannebrogsmand) in 1871, and received the Medal of Merit in Gold in 1874. In 1863, he became Knight of the Order of the Polar Star.
# Emily Taaffe

Emily Anne Taaffe (/ˈtæf/ TAFF; born 10 January 1984; married name Emily Anne Schiffer) is an Irish actress based in South London.

## Early life and education

The youngest of five children, Emily was born to Noeleen and Eamonn Taaffe in Skerries, Ireland. The family moved when she was an infant to Tullyallen near Drogheda, County Louth where she lived until university. After receiving a First-Class Honours B.A. in 2005 from Trinity College Dublin, she was accepted to train at London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art (LAMDA) in London.

### Personal life

In the summer of 2016 she married the writer Ben Schiffer.

## Theatre

Taaffe has starred in a number of theatrical productions across the UK and Ireland. Her credits include: Daphne in an adaptation of Terry Pratchett’s Nation, Hannah Lambroke in Conor McPherson’s The Veil and Dunyasha in Howard Davies' production of The Cherry Orchard, all at the National Theatre, London. Taaffe played leading roles in The Comedy of Errors, The Tempest and Twelfth Night for The Royal Shakespeare Company in Stratford upon Avon and in London. Other credits include; The Crucible at Regent's Park Open Air Theatre, Three Sisters at both the Southwark Playhouse and the Abbey Theatre Dublin, The American Plan at The Theatre Royal Bath, The House of Special Purpose at Minerva Theatre, Chichester and Intemperance at the Liverpool Everyman Theatre.

## Television

Having begun to expand into screen work, Taaffe had a role in the CBC series X Company, an emotionally driven character drama set in World War II, and in the Victorian era detective drama, Ripper Street. Additional TV credits include a role in the BBC's War and Peace, as well as guest roles in the BBC programmes New Tricks, Call the Midwife, Atlantis, Death in Paradise, and Informer. She has also appeared in ITV’s Vera and The Borgias.
# Yukarıyayla, Narman

Yukarıyayla is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Narman, Erzurum Province in Turkey. Its population is 146 (2022).