OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Walter Gourlay

Walter Gourlay (c. 1853 – September 1882) was a Scottish professional golfer. Gourlay placed sixth in the 1873 Open Championship and finished tied for eight place in the 1876 Open Championship.

## Early life

Gourlay was born in St Andrews, Scotland, circa 1853. The Gourlay family was well known for their club- and ball-making skills.

## Golf career
### The 1873 Open Championship

The 1873 Open Championship was the 13th Open Championship, held 4 October at the Old Course at St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. Gourlay had rounds of 92-96=188 and finished in sixth place. Tom Kidd won the Championship by a stroke from Jamie Anderson. This was the first Open Championship not held at Prestwick.

#### Details of playing conditions

In the days before the Championship heavy rains had soaked the course. However, when the first round got underway it was sunny with light winds—ideal conditions except for the wet turf. Under these adverse wet ground conditions Gourlay was still able to post good scores.
At the time there wasn't a specific rule in place to take free drops from casual water. The only option, other than playing the ball as it lay, was to drop (or tee up) a ball behind the hazard with a 1-stroke penalty. The winning score of 179 was the highest recorded while the Championship was over 36 holes. This was partly due to the fact that St Andrews was the toughest of the three courses used at that time for the Open and partly due to the difficult conditions. When the Open was next contested at St Andrews in 1876 the winning score was 176.

### The 1876 Open Championship

In the 1876 Open Championship, Gourlay finished tied for eighth place. He carded rounds of 98-89=187 tying with Bob Kirk and George Paxton.

## Results in major championships

| Tournament | 1873 | 1874 | 1875 | 1876 | 1877 | 1878 | 1879 |
| The Open Championship | 6 | | | T8 | | | T20 |
Note: Gourlay played only in The Open Championship.
"T" indicates a tie for a place

## Death

A body was found on the beach at Dundee between 9 and 10 am on 13 September 1882, having been left behind by the receding tide. Later in the day the body was identified as Walter Gourlay, " a caddie belonging to St Andrews".
# Thomas Grossett

Thomas Grossett was a Scottish professional golfer who competed in the late 19th century. He achieved a tie for fourth place in the 1886 Open Championship.

## Early life

Grossett was born in Scotland, circa 1862.

## 1886 Open Championship

The 1886 Open Championship took place on 5 November at the Musselburgh Links, Musselburgh, East Lothian, Scotland. David Brown emerged as the winner, securing a two-stroke victory over Willie Campbell.

### Details of play

The tournament consisted of four rounds played on the 9-hole course. There were a total of 42 entries, including seven amateurs, with Horace Hutchinson and Johnny Laidlay being the prominent amateur players. The field was dominated by local Musselburgh professionals, accounting for 19 of the professional entries.
After the first round, David Brown and John Lambert both scored 38 to share the lead. Lambert and Willie Campbell led after the second round with a score of 78, while Brown trailed closely with 79 alongside Willie Fernie and Campbell. Brown had an impressive third round with a score of 37, taking a one-stroke lead over Campbell. However, both players struggled at the 3rd hole, with Brown taking 7 and Campbell taking 8. Campbell held the lead in the final round until he took 7 at the 5th hole, having been bunkered twice.
In the end, Brown finished two strokes ahead of Campbell, closing with two threes compared to Campbell's two fours. Willie Park, Jr. made a strong finish, but his chances were hindered by a score of 34 in the first six holes of his first round. Grossett capitalized on mistakes made by other golfers, posting rounds of 43-37-39-42=161 to secure a high position on the final leaderboard. He received a share of the prize fund amounting to £1.

## Results in The Open Championship

| Tournament | 1883 | 1884 | 1885 | 1886 | 1887 |
| The Open Championship | 14 | DNP | DNP | T4 | WD |
Note: Grossett played only in The Open Championship.
WD = withdrew "T" indicates a tie for a place Yellow background for top-10
# Ernest Foord

Ernest Edward Foord (3 June 1883 – 28 October 1941) was an English professional golfer. He emigrated to America in 1916 and was known there as Ernest or Ernie Ford.

## Golf career in England

Foord was the son of Walter Foord, the professional at Burnham & Berrow Golf Club. He replaced his father as professional and remained there from 1900 to 1916. Foord was a regular competitor in the Open Championship from 1901 to 1914. His best finish was tied for 19th place in 1914. After the Western section of the PGA was formed in 1909 he reached the final stages of the News of the World Match Play in 1909, 1910 and 1912. In both 1910 and 1912 he won two matches to reach the quarter-final stage.

## Golf career in the United States

Foord emigrated to the United States in 1916. In America he was known as Ernest or Ernie Ford. He was the professional at Plum Hollow Country Club and at Oakland Hills Country Club from 1924 to 1930. He moved to Flint, Michigan in 1930 when he lived until his death.

## Personal life

Foord married Ada Gard in England in 1909. He died in 1941, Ada in 1985. They had a son Stanley Ernest, born in 1909, who was also a golfer. Foord had a younger brother, Fred (1889–1945), who was a professional golfer and also emigrated to America. Fred also used the Ford spelling in America.

## Results in major championships

| Tournament | 1901 | 1902 | 1903 | 1904 | 1905 | 1906 | 1907 | 1908 | 1909 | 1910 | 1911 | 1912 | 1913 | 1914 |
| The Open Championship | CUT | | T33 | WD | T24 | T30 | WD | WD | T21 | T28 | WD | | | T19 |
Note: Foord only played in The Open Championship.
WD = withdrew CUT = missed the half-way cut "T" indicates a tie for a place
# Rassvet, Leninsky District, Volgograd Oblast

Rassvet (Russian: Рассвет) is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Rassvetenskoye Rural Settlement, Leninsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 684 as of 2010. There are 11 streets.

## Geography

The village is located on Caspian Depression, on the left bank of the Volga River, 96 km from Volgograd, 62 km from Leninsk.
# Kolobovka

Kolobovka (Russian: Колобовка) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Kolobovskoye Rural Settlement, Leninsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 862 as of 2010. There are 23 streets.

## Geography

Kolobovka is located on the left bank of the Akhtuba River, between Solodovka and Stasov, 23 km southeast of Leninsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Solodovka is the nearest rural locality.
# VFC-13

Fighter Squadron Composite 13 (VFC-13), also known as the "Fighting Saints", is a fighter squadron of the United States Navy Reserve that provides adversary training at NAS Fallon, Nevada. VFC-13 uses "Bogey" as its main radio callsign.

## Mission

VFC-13 provides adversary training for Navy and Marine Corps Active and Reserve fleet and replacement squadrons, carrier air wings and Marine aircraft groups, USAF units, to include Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard, and Canadian Forces. The squadron has received two consecutive CNO Safety Awards, the Golden Wrench Maintenance Award, and in 1994 and 2011, the Battle "E" award.

## History
### 1970s

The squadron was established as Fleet Composite Squadron Thirteen (VC-13) on 1 September 1973 at NAS New Orleans, Louisiana when the US Navy reorganized the US Naval Reserve and the Naval Air Reserve Force (NAVAIRESFOR). The squadron first flew the F-8 Crusader, and had 17 officers and 127 enlisted men within its ranks, most were former members of VSF-76 and VSF-86. In April 1974, they made the transition to the A-4 Skyhawk. The demand for West Coast adversary squadrons and other fleet support missions resulted in the squadron relocating to NAS Miramar, California in February 1976. In mid-1976, VC-13 added the two seat TA-4J to the single seat A-4L in their aircraft complement.

### 1980s

In 1983, the squadron returned to single-seat aircraft and transitioned to the A-4E.
On 22 April 1988, the squadron was re-designated Fighter Composite Squadron Thirteen (VFC-13). The same year, the squadron started operating A-4F "Super Fox" variant of the A-4.

### 1990s

On 26 August 1993, the last A-4 left the squadron. Starting in September, the squadron transitioned to the F/A-18 Hornet.
In April 1996, VFC-13 transferred to NAS Fallon and made the transition to the F-5E Tiger II. It took over the adversary mission from VFA-45 and VFA-127.

### 2010s

In 2011, the squadron received their second Battle "E" Efficiency Award.

### 2020s

In April 2022, plans to replace VFC-13's F-5s with Block 32 F-16 Fighting Falcons which are being retired from USAF service became public. The squadron's F-5s will be transferred to VFA-204, a US Navy adversary squadron currently operating F/A-18 Hornets. VFA-204, based at Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base New Orleans, is scheduled to retire its aging fleet of Hornets and will be redesignated VFC-204 by October 2022.
As of December 2022 the squadron has transitioned to the F-16C.
# Slyusarevo

Slyusarevo (Russian: Слюсарево) is a rural locality (a selo) in Miroshnikovskoye Rural Settlement, Kotovsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 461 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

## Geography

Slyusarevo is located in steppe, on Volga Upland, on the right bank of the Solodovka River, 21 km north of Kotovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Doroshevo is the nearest rural locality.
# Embassy of Thailand, Washington, D.C.

The Royal Thai Embassy in Washington, D.C. (Thai: สถานเอกอัครราชทูตไทย ณ กรุงวอชิงตัน ดีซี) is the diplomatic mission of the Kingdom of Thailand to the United States. The embassy is located at 1024 Wisconsin Avenue, Northwest, Washington, D.C. in the Georgetown neighborhood.
In 2024, Suriya Chindawongse was named ambassador to the United States.
# Miroshniki

Miroshniki (Russian: Мирошники) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Miroshnikovskoye Rural Settlement, Kotovsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 402 as of 2010. There are 8 streets.

## Geography

Miroshniki is located 40 km northwest of Kotovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Burluk is the nearest rural locality.
# Vasilyevsky, Volgograd Oblast

Vasilyevsky (Russian: Васильевский) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Semichenskoye Rural Settlement, Kotelnikovsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 28 as of 2010.

## Geography

Vasilyevsky is located in steppe, 23 km southwest of Kotelnikovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Semichny is the nearest rural locality.
# Safronov, Volgograd Oblast

Safronov (Russian: Сафронов) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Zakharovskoye Rural Settlement, Kotelnikovsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 167 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.

## Geography

Safronov is located on the bank of the Tsimlyansk Reservoir, 17 km northwest of Kotelnikovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Zakharov is the nearest rural locality.
# Nagolny

Nagolny (Russian: Нагольный) is a rural locality (a khutor) and the administrative center of Nagolenskoye Rural Settlement, Kotelnikovsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,065 as of 2010. There are 14 streets.

## Geography

Nagolny is located on the right bank of the Nagolnaya River, 7 km south of Kotelnikovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kotelnikovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Glauco Santoni

Glauco Santoni (born 19 January 1952) is an Italian former professional racing cyclist. He rode in four editions of the Tour de France.
# Alf Johansen

Alf Johansen (1 January 1903 – 3 July 1974) was a Norwegian footballer. He played in one match for the Norway national football team in 1926.
# Queens Borough Hall

Queens Borough Hall is a public building in the Kew Gardens neighborhood of Queens, one of the five boroughs of New York City. It houses the Office of the Queens Borough President and other city offices and court space. It is located in the Kew Gardens municipal facilities stretch bounded by Queens Boulevard and Union Turnpike among other roads.
Designed by architects William Gehron and Andrew J. Thomas in the stripped classical style, it was built between March and November 1940 at a cost of some $1,800,000, low for its size. Featuring a red brick facade, was 580 feet long upon construction and four stories high; the office suite for the borough president and his or her cabinet was designed for the center of the building. The building was opened on December 4, 1940, with Mayor Fiorello H. La Guardia and many other city officials in attendance. The structure subsequently won a design award from the Queens Chamber of Commerce. The building bares a striking resemblance to the Naval Ordnance Laboratory Administration building in Maryland, (now Food and Drug Administration headquarters) which was built in the same stripped classical style.
A previous Queens Borough Hall, built around 1910, had been located in the Long Island City neighborhood.
Queens Borough Hall was designed to serve as the center of civic life, and had other functions, such as a post office, when first built. It has become a popular spot for marriages, with some 9,000 of them being performed in the hall during 2006. Fridays are the most popular day for the ceremonies, which are presided over by the borough's deputy city clerk in a small chapel.
Frederick MacMonnies's heroically scaled and controversial marble allegory of Civic Virtue (1909–22) was moved outside Queens Borough Hall in 1941, and decades later was still drawing criticism from those who viewed it as depicting "masculinity as virtue and femininity as vice". In 2012 it was moved to Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn.
At the east end of Queens Borough Hall on 82nd Avenue, a retired New York City Subway redbird train, R33 car #9075, was previously on display signed as a 7 train. The Redbird car was formerly a visitor center for the Queens Borough Hall, but the visitor center closed in 2015 due to low patronage, and the car was then briefly used as a landmark and for movie shoots. Following years of degradation and neglect caused by apathetic Borough Hall officials, it was decided the car would be put up for auction; It sold for $235,700 in July 2022. This is part of a greater overall effort by Borough President Donovan Richards of "reimagining the surroundings at borough hall".
# Sun outage

A Sun outage, Sun transit, or Sun fade is an interruption in or distortion of geostationary satellite signals caused by interference (background noise) of the Sun when it falls directly behind a satellite which an Earth station is trying to receive data from or transmit data to. It usually occurs briefly to such satellites twice per year and such Earth stations install temporary or permanent guards to their receiving systems to prevent equipment damage.
Sun outages occur before the March equinox (in February and March) and after the September equinox (in September and October) for the Northern Hemisphere, and occur after the March equinox and before the September equinox for the Southern Hemisphere. At these times, the apparent path of the Sun across the sky takes it directly behind the line of sight between an Earth station and a satellite. The Sun radiates strongly across the entire spectrum, including the microwave frequencies used to communicate with satellites (C band, K$_u$ band, and K$_a$ band), so the Sun swamps the signal from the satellite. The effects of a Sun outage range from partial degradation (increase in the error rate) to the total destruction of the signal. The effect sweeps from north to south from approximately 20 February to 20 April, and from south to north from approximately 20 August to 20 October, affecting any specific location for less than 12 minutes a day for a few consecutive days.

## Effect on Indian stock exchanges

In India, the BSE (Bombay Stock Exchange) and NSE (National Stock Exchange) use VSATs (Very Small Aperture Terminals) for members (e.g. stockbrokers) to connect to their trading systems. VSATs depend upon satellites for connectivity between the terminals/systems. Hence, these exchanges are, with considerable predictability, affected by sun outages.
Until 2009, both BSE and NSE interrupted trading sessions due to sun outages. As of 2009, this practice ended, with the stock exchanges urging members to "review their current connectivity set up" and making "alternative arrangements for continuing trading without any disruption".

## Other locations

Saint Helena suffers from island-wide loss of Internet and telecommunications connections during Sun outages because all telecommunications traffic to and from the island is carried on a single satellite link. Sun outage times are published in local newspapers.
As the majority of rural Alaska is served by satellite, population centers like Utqiaġvik, Kotzebue, and Nome suffer from this as well. Nome is the terminus of the annual Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race, and due to its timing, announcements of the finishers are often delayed during these Sun outages.
# Kinloss Abbey

Kinloss Abbey is a Cistercian abbey at Kinloss in the county of Moray, Scotland.
The abbey was founded in 1150 by King David I "in order to extend the benefits of civilisation to the remoter regions under his sway." The legend of its founding is similar to that of the founding of Holyrood Abbey. According to the legend, while hunting, the king lost his way in the woods but was rescued by a deer, which guided him to a clearing. He was later persuaded by a vision, which he regarded to have been sent by the Virgin Mary, to build a church there in her honor. It was first colonised by monks from Melrose Abbey. It received its Papal Bull from Pope Alexander III in 1174, and later came under the protection of the Bishop of Moray in 1187. The abbey went on to become one of the largest and wealthiest religious houses in Scotland, receiving the valuable salmon fishing rights on the River Findhorn from Robert the Bruce in 1312, subsequently renewed by James I and James IV.
During its history the abbey has received many royal visitors, including Edward I in 1303, Edward III in 1336 and Mary, Queen of Scots, in 1562. The most renowned of the 24 abbots the monastery had was Robert Reid. Reid introduced organised education, erecting a new fireproof library enriched with volumes belonging to him personally and, in 1537, a new abbot's house. He became Bishop of Orkney in 1541. In his will of 1583, he bequeathed "8000 merks 'for to big [build] ane college' in the Burgh of Edinburgh."
While a student in Paris, Robert Reid formed a friendship with John Ferrerius, a native of the Piedmont region in Italy, and in 1528 invited him to Kinloss to serve as an educator. While there, Ferrerius wrote a long account of the various abbots of Kinloss and their works, the majority of which have not survived.
The abbey and its lands were part of the Barony of Muirton and the Lordship of Kinloss at various times.
In 1553, Bishop Reid was succeeded as abbot by his nephew, Walter Reid, whose abbacy coincided with the upheavals of the Protestant Reformation in Scotland. During that time, a great part of the lands of Kinloss were alienated to the Crown. Edward Bruce commendator after the Reformation, was granted some of the lands and fishing areas of Kinloss, raising him to the temporal lordship, Lord Bruce of Kinloss. In 1645 the remaining buildings of the abbey were conveyed to Alexander Brodie of Lethen, who sold the materials for the construction of Oliver Cromwell’s citadel at Inverness.
Few of the monastic buildings remain standing today. The remains of the abbey are now situated within a graveyard owned by the local authority, and are therefore accessible at all times. They are designated a scheduled ancient monument.
# Konishi Yukikage

Konishi Yukikage (小西 行景, 1561 - 1600), also known as Konishi Hayato, was a Japanese samurai of the late Sengoku period. He was the younger brother of the Christian daimyo, Konishi Yukinaga.
He fought bravely against Kato Kiyomasa in the Siege of Udo, killing Kato's senior retainer. After he found out the western army had been defeated, he decided to surrender. He committed seppuku in exchange for assurances that all his vassals would be spared and hired with the same salary.
Yukikage was buried in Zenjoji Temple, Kumamoto, by Nanjo Motokiyo. His grave is marked with a small uninscribed stone surrounded by the gravestones of Konishi vassals as if they are protecting it. It is said that Konishi Yukinaga's remains had been moved from Kyoto to be buried with his brother.
# Steinar Johannessen

Håkon Steinar Engh Johannessen (1 January 1936 – 30 July 2019) was a Norwegian football striker and later manager.
He played for Frigg between 1958 and 1966, becoming cup runner-up in 1965. He represented Norway as an under-21, B and senior international.
# Tom Nordtvedt

Tom Andreas Nordtvedt (born 15 July 1963) is a retired Paralympic swimmer from Norway. He was born and raised in Trondheim but is now living in Ørland Municipality. Nordtvedt has won medals at two Paralympics as well as other European and World championships events.
When he was nine years old he was injured and disabled in an accident with electric power. He lost his right hand and left foot below the knee. 80% of his body were burnt but today he enjoys a good health. He has five children and three grandchildren. Nordtvedt used to be right-handed, but when he lost his hand he had to learn how to write with his left hand.
Nordtvedt competed at the 1980 Summer Paralympics in Arnhem, Netherlands, winning silver in the 50 metre breaststroke event. At the 1984 Summer Paralympics he won silver in the 50 metre backstroke, as well as two bronze medals in the 50 metre breaststroke and 150 metre individual medley.
# Akio Sato (politician, born 1943)

Akio Sato (佐藤 昭郎, Satō Akio, born February 10, 1943) is a Japanese politician. He served two terms in the House of Councillors in the Diet (national legislature) from 1998 until 2010 as a member of the Liberal Democratic Party. A native of Hiroshima Prefecture and graduate of the University of Tokyo, he worked at the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries from 1966 to 1996.
Sato was born in Hiroshima Prefecture and graduated from Aomori Prefectural Hirosaki High School and the University of Tokyo, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Engineering. He joined the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in 1966, where he served as Director and Deputy Director of the Rural Development Bureau.
In the 18th House of Councillors regular election in 1998, he ran from a proportional representation district with the National Land Development Corporation as his support group and was elected. He served as Parliamentary Vice-Minister for the Director-General of the Defense Agency in the first Koizumi Cabinet and the first reshuffled Cabinet. Regarding the unpaid pension issue of politicians, he was unpaid for 1 year and 7 months.
Sato did not run in the 22nd House of Councillors regular election in 2010 and retired.
# Ron Medved

Ronald George Medved (born May 27, 1944) is an American former professional football player who played defensive back and linebacker for five seasons for the Philadelphia Eagles.
From Tacoma, Washington, Medved graduated from Bellarmine Prep in 1962 and played college football at the University of Washington in Seattle under head coach Jim Owens. He was selected in the fourteenth round of the 1966 NFL draft by the Eagles (204th overall).
Medved was the oldest of twelve children (nine sons); the youngest were identical twins Jerry and Jim, linebackers at the University of Idaho in the late 1980s. Ron was on an NFL roster before they were born.