OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nuremberg Charterhouse

Nuremberg Charterhouse (Kartäuserkloster Nürnberg, also Kartause Marienzell) was a Carthusian monastery, or charterhouse, in Nuremberg in Germany. Its surviving premises are now incorporated into the Germanisches Nationalmuseum.

## History

The monastery was founded in 1380 for the Carthusian order by the merchant Marquard Mendel. The extensive building complex was erected outside the first city wall in the southern suburb of Nuremberg, between the convent of the Poor Clares and St. James's (Jakobskirche), the former church of the Teutonic Knights. The laying of the foundation stone of the monastery church took place on 16 February 1381, and was attended by Wenceslaus, King of the Romans, and the Papal Legate Cardinal Pileus. The first monks there are documented from as early as 1382, and the church is believed to have been consecrated in 1383 (or possibly 1387). In 1385 the founder, Marquard Mendel, was buried in the quire of the new church.
After the laying of the foundation stone (16 February 1381) the church, a Gothic structure with a single nave, was constructed in two portions: the eastern parts up to c. 1383/87 and the western extension until 1405 (according to dendrochronological investigation the roof timbers were felled in that year). At the same time as the church and the sacristy the chapter house was built on the south side of the church, producing a cruciform ground-plan. Probably shortly after 1459 the chapter-house received its own integral choir and the whole building was covered with a fan-vaulted ceiling.
The small courtyard was finished by 1405.

## Dissolution

During the Protestant Reformation many monks followed the teachings of Martin Luther and left their monasteries. Nuremberg Charterhouse was the only Carthusian monastery in Germany where so many did so that the monastery was dissolved, which it was, in 1525. Its assets were transferred to the general alms fund of the city. On part of the former monastic premises houses were built, and in 1552 the church was pressed into service as a gunpowder magazine. It was restored to religious use in 1615 as a Protestant church. From 1784 it was again a Roman Catholic church. In 1810 it was taken over by the Bavarian military authorities as a magazine, and also for stables.
In 1857 the remaining structures, severely damaged, were taken over by the Germanisches Nationalmuseum.
World War II caused substantial damage, including the destruction of the chapter house, which was investigated archaeologically in 1998.
Some of the once-monastic buildings round the church still survive, although often greatly changed in the re-building: the large and small courtyards with parts of the vaulted cloister as well as the monks' houses along its north range.
# Dom otdykha, Volgograd Oblast

Dom otdykha (Russian: Дом отдыха) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Kalachyovskoye Rural Settlement, Kalachyovsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 109 as of 2010.

## Geography

Dom otdykha is located 41 km southeast of Kalach-na-Donu (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kolpachki is the nearest rural locality.
# Yasuhikotakia modesta

Yasuhikotakia modesta (blue botia) is a tropical freshwater fish of the family Botiidae. It is native to large rivers in Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam. The blue botia is a widely available fish in the aquarium trade and can be purchased globally.
Other common names for this fish are red-finned loach, redtail botia, and colored botia.

## Distribution and habitat

Blue botias are widespread in eastern and central Indochina, notably in the Mekong River basin (including Tonlé Sap), but also in the Chao Phraya, Bang Pakong and Mae Klong river basins of Thailand. The water usually has a muddy substrate, a neutral pH of 7.0, and the temperature averages 26 to 30 °C (79 to 86 °F).

## Description

The blue botia has a long, compact body and arched back similar to many other members of the family Botiidae including clown and yoyo loaches. Wild specimens have been found up to 25 centimetres (9.8 in) but those in captivity rarely grow larger than 18 centimetres (7.1 in).
The body is bluish-gray and the fins are red, orange, and in rare instances yellow. Immature specimens sometimes have a greenish tint to their bodies. Good health is indicated by bright coloration.

## Ecology
### Behavior

Juvenile blue botias are active schooling fish. As they grow older, they spend more time hiding in caves or under rocks in solitude. Like many loaches, blue botias are a nocturnal species that comes out at night to dig through gravel and substrate for food. They are omnivorous, but prefer a meat-intensive diet of krill, bloodworms, Daphnia, earthworms and live insects. Like clown loaches (Chromobotia macracanthus), they sometimes make a loud clicking noise.
Groups of blue botias often create hierarchies with an alpha and omega member.
# Hacı

Hacı is the Turkish spelling of the title and epithet Hajji. It may refer to:

## People

* Hacı I Giray (died 1466), founder and the first ruler of the Crimean Khanate
* Hacı Ahmet (fl. 1566), purported Turkish cartographer
* Hacı Arap Yaman (born 1965), Turkish carom billiards player
* Hacı Arif Bey (1831–1885), Turkish composer
* Hacı Arif Örgüç (1876–1940), Ottoman and Turkish military officer
* Hacı Bayram-ı Veli (1352–1430), Turkish poet
* Hacı Halil Efendi (died 1821), Ottoman Sheikh ul-Islam
* Hacı İlbey (c. 1305–1371), Ottoman military commander
* Hacı İvaz Mehmet Pasha (died 1743), Ottoman grand vizier
* Hacı Karay (1950–1994), Turkish drug trafficker
* Hacı Mehmet Zorlu (1919–2005), Turkish businessman
* Hacı Ömer Sabancı (1906–1966), Turkish entrepreneur, founder of Sabancı Holding
** Hacı Sabancı (1935–1998), Turkish businessman, his son
* Hacı Pasha (fl. 1348–1349), Ottoman grand vizier
# Saccharopolyspora hattusasensis

Saccharopolyspora hattusasensis is a bacterium from the genus Saccharopolyspora which has been isolated from soil from Sungurlu in Turkey.
# Dennis Tipping

Dennis Robert Tipping (born 20 September 1939) is an Australian former sprinter who competed in the 1960 Summer Olympics.
# Tomasz Kiełbowicz

Tomasz Kiełbowicz (Polish pronunciation:; born 21 February 1976) is a Polish former professional footballer who played as a left-back or left midfielder.

## Career

He joined Legia Warsaw from their local rivals Polonia Warsaw.
Kiełbowicz has made nine appearances for the Poland national football team.

## Honours

Polonia Warsaw
* Ekstraklasa: 1999–2000
* Polish League Cup: 1999–2000
* Polish Super Cup: 2000
Legia Warsaw
* Ekstraklasa: 2001–02, 2005–06
* Polish Cup: 2007–08, 2010–11, 2011–12
* Polish League Cup: 2001–02
* Polish Super Cup: 2008
# Whatcha See Is Whatcha Get (song)

"Whatcha See Is Whatcha Get" is a 1971 single written and produced by Tony Hester and performed by The Dramatics. The rhythm charts, strings and horns were arranged by Johnny Allen. The tracks were recorded at United Sound Recording Studio in Detroit, Michigan.

## Song Background

The song is noted for its scatting by the lead singer Ron Banks, and for the bass singer, Willie Ford, saying "Look at me." The song was co-led by William "Wee Gee" Howard and Banks, with other lead parts shared by the other members, Larry "Squirrel" Demps and Elbert Wilkins.

## Chart performance

The song was a #3 hit on the Billboard R&B charts, and broke into the Top 10 of the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at #9. In Canada, it reached #44.

## Cover versions

* The song has been covered by British pop group The Beautiful South on their 1990 album Choke
* American singer and drag queen RuPaul covered it on the 1993 soundtrack album Addams Family Values: Music from the Motion Picture
* The American experimental rock band When People Were Shorter and Lived Near the Water covered it on their 1994 album Bill Kennedy's Showtime
* Duo Hall & Oates included it on their 2004 album Our Kind of Soul
* Gerald Albright included it, as an instrumental, on his 2008 CD "Sax For Stax" as "What You See Is What You Get".

## Later uses

* "Whatcha See Is Whatcha Get" is featured in Mel Stuart's 1973 documentary film "Wattstax". This film chronicles the historic 1972 Wattstax concert at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in which the Dramatics performed this song among a legendary lineup of R&B, Soul, Pop, and gospel artists.
* The Dramatics performed "Whatcha See Is Whatcha Get" in the racially charged and raunchy "Darktown Strutters", a blaxploitation comedy film produced by Gene Corman in 1975.
* In 2007 "Whatcha See Is Whatcha Get" was included in the soundtrack for the American '60s/'70s period film "Talk To Me", starring Don Cheadle.
* The song was featured in the second season of the FX series Fargo, in the episode "The Gift of the Magi". It also features in the closing credits of the James Randi documentary, An Honest Liar (2014).

## Samples

It was sampled by hip-hop trio Injury Reserve on "Yo", the opening track of their 2015 album Live from the Dentist Office. The intro was also sampled on "Big Daddy Kane vs. Dolemite" (1990) by rapper Big Daddy Kane, featuring comedian Rudy Ray Moore, from Kane's album Taste of Chocolate.
# Burmese border loach

The Burmese Border loach, angelicus loach or polka dot loach, Botia kubotai, is a recently described species that has quickly become a popular tropical fish for freshwater aquariums. In 2002, fish collectors working in western Thailand began to expand their search into Myanmar (Burma) area from the Three Pagodas Pass Thai-Myanmar border to look for new fish for the aquarium trade. This is one of several species discovered and explains the origin of the fish's common name: Burmese Border Loach. Its specific epithet honors Katsuma Kubota of an aquarium export company in Thailand who first purchased the catch and sent them out for identification.

## Habitat and appearance

The fish, a bottom feeder, is found in the Salween River system which is mostly in Myanmar. It was first discovered in Ataran River (known in Thailand as Kasat River), a tributary of Salween River. A population in Thailand was discovered in early 2006 in another tributary of Salween River, Suriya River in Thungyai Naresuan Wildlife Sanctuary. It grows as large as 15 cm in length, but most tend to be smaller at around 10 cm. It has gold, black, and grey colors arranged in a pattern that varies greatly depending on the age of the fish. Juvenile fish at about 2.5 cm are very similar to Botia histrionica. It has yellow body with only black vertical bands. Typically around this size grey dots on the black bands together with a middle horizontal bar joining the bands begin to appear. At about 5 cm, the top and bottom part of the vertical bands start to merge, producing a pattern of big yellow ovals along the body. More grey dots continue to appear as fish grows.

## In aquarium

This fish, like most other loach species, should be kept in groups when placed in an aquarium. Suitable water parameters are 25 – 30 °C, pH 6.5 to 6.9, dGH 0 to 8.0. Many hiding places should also be provided. Newly purchased, it is a good idea to treat them for internal parasites, a very common problem for wild-caught bottom feeder fishes.
Botia kubotai is omnivorous and will accept most food types offered to freshwater fish including snails, small shrimp, sinking pellets, blood worms, and black worms.
# Canaan, New Brunswick

Canaan is a Canadian community, located in Westmorland County, New Brunswick. The community is situated in southeastern New Brunswick, to the northwest of Moncton. Canaan is located mainly at the intersection of New Brunswick Route 126 and New Brunswick Route 485. which is also situated around the Canaan River. Canaan is sometimes referred to as Canaan Station but Canaan is the official name.
# Finland–Kazakhstan relations

Finland–Kazakhstan relations refers to the bilateral relations between Finland and Kazakhstan. Finland has an embassy in Astana whilst Kazakhstan has an embassy in Helsinki. Both countries are members of Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.

## History

Diplomatic relations were established on 13 May 1992 following Kazakhstan's independence from the former Soviet Union.
Embassies were established in Astana and Helsinki in 2009 and 2012 respectively. Finland advanced EU cooperation with Central Asia and Kazakhstan during its European Union presidential term in 2006, and promoted cooperative security, democracy, human rights and the rule of law in Central Asia while chair of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) in 2008. Finland invited Kazakhstan to participate directly in the OSCE Environmental and Economic Committee and Kazakhstan continued many of Finland's OSCE policy priorities when it assumed chair of OSCE just two years later in 2010.

## Transport links

In 2017, Finnair commenced a seasonal service between Helsinki and Astana. The Finnish Ambassador said he hoped the new link would increase business between the two countries.

## Resident diplomatic missions

* Finland has an embassy in Astana.
* Kazakhstan has an embassy in Helsinki.
# Głogów Tower

The Głogów Tower (German: Pulverturm, Glogauer Torturm) is a Gothic building from the mid-14th century in Lubin, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland, located in the northwestern part of the market square.

## Description

A Gothic building erected on a square plan, dating back to the construction of the town walls in the mid-14th century, enlarged in the 16th century. Rebuilt again in the 18th century and in the 19th century. The lower parts were made of stone and brick, the higher ones only of brick. The helmet of the tower dates back to the 19th century. The Głogów Gate consists of a gate building, adjacent to the tower from the north, and a rampart gate in front of the walls. The gate building had a 6 m high vaulted passage with a drawbridge, originally 10 m high, later 20 m high. There used to be a double defensive wall at the gate and a triple moat with three bridges, one of which was a drawbridge. A three-story building from the 18th century was once attached to the northeastern wall of the tower.

## Present day

Lubin's characteristic building is a six-storey tower gate. The building was erected on a square plan. The lower parts of the tower are made of stone and brick, while the upper parts are made only of brick. The façade is covered with plaster with rusticated corners. Gothic windows in stone frames of various sizes are irregularly arranged throughout the building, the larger ones in the upper part of the tower, the smaller ones in the lower part. The building is covered with a high, hipped ceramic roof. On the northern wall, there is a trace of the defensive wall's filling, which shows the height of the original town fortifications.

## Functions

In the 17th and 18th centuries the tower served as a city prison, which saved it from demolition. In 1908 the tower became the seat of the city museum, and it survived in this role until 1945. During the fights for the city at the end of World War II the tower was seriously damaged, and it was not until 1957 that it was saved from progressing devastation. It was used by PTTK (Polish Tourist and Sightseeing Society) branch in Lubin as a youth hostel. Nowadays the tower is used by the Mountaineering Club "Problem", Association of Culture Creators, Society of Friends of the Lubin Region and Association of Graduates of High School No 1 in Lubin "Absolwent".
# Bix

Bix may refer to:

## Arts and entertainment

* Bix (film), a 1991 Italian film about Beiderbecke
* Bix (rock group), a Lithuanian rock group
* Bix (website), a defunct contest website owned by Yahoo!
* Annual events named for Beiderbecke in Davenport, Iowa
** Bix 7 Road Race
** Bix Beiderbecke Memorial Jazz Festival
* Bix Barton, a comic book character in the British science fiction anthology magazine 2000 AD
* Bix, a fictional Protoceratops in the Dinotopia books by James Gurney

## People

* Amy Bix, American historian of science
* Herbert P. Bix, American historian and writer
* Hermann Bix (1914–1986), German World War II panzer commander
* Bix Beiderbecke (1903–1931), American jazz musician

## Other uses

* BIX (telephony), a telephony cross-connect system created in the 1970s by Nortel Networks
* Bix, Oxfordshire, a village in Oxfordshire, England
** Bix and Assendon, a parish formerly called just "Bix"
* Byte Information Exchange (BIX), a mid-1980s commercial online service offered by Byte magazine
# Astronomical Calculation Institute (Heidelberg University)

The Astronomical Calculation Institute (German: Astronomisches Rechen-Institut; ARI) is a research institute in Heidelberg, Germany, with origins dating back from the 1700s. Beginning in 2005, the ARI became part of the Center for Astronomy at Heidelberg University (Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, ZAH). Previously, the institute directly belonged to the state of Baden-Württemberg.

## Description

The ARI has a rich history. It was founded in 1700 in Berlin-Dahlem by Gottfried Kirch. It had its origin in a patent application by Frederick I of Prussia, who introduced a monopoly on publishing star catalogs in Prussia. In 1945 the Institute was moved by the Americans nearer to the United States Army Garrison Heidelberg. On January 1, 2005 the combined Center for Astronomy institute formed by combining ARI, with the Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics (Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik, ITA) and the Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl ("Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory", LSW).
The ARI has been responsible among other things for the Gliese catalog of nearby stars, the fundamental catalogs FK5 and FK6, and the annually-published "Apparent Places of Fundamental Stars" (APFS), stellar ephemerides that provide high-precision mean and apparent positions of over three thousand stars for each day.
During 1938–1945, whilst based in Berlin, ARI published the academic journal Astronomical Notes (German: Astronomische Nachrichten). As of 2016, ARI was not limited to only publishing star catalogs, but has a wider research scope, including gravitational lensing, galaxy evolution, stellar dynamics, and cosmology. ARI is also involved in space astronomy missions including the Gaia mission.
In 2007 professors Eva K. Grebel and Joachim Wambsganß (de) became co-directors of the institute.
Other researchers involved with the institute include Hartmut Jahreiß author of the updated Gliese Catalogue of Nearby Stars; Eugene Rabe; Lutz D. Schmadel, author of the Dictionary of Minor Planet Names; Hans Scholl; and Rainer Spurzem working with N-body simulations.

## Directors

Between 1700 and 2007 there was a single director of the institute at a time. From 2007 onwards there were joint co-directors of the institute:
| From/to | Director |
| 1700–1710 | Gottfried Kirch |
| 1710–1716 | Johann Heinrich Hoffmann |
| 1716–1740 | Christfried Kirch |
| 1740–1745 | Johann Wilhelm Wagner |
| 1745–1749 | August Nathanael Grischow |
| 1752–1752 | Joseph Jerome Le Francais de Lalande |
| 1754–1755 | Johann Kies |
| 1755–1755 | Franz Ulrich Theodosius Aepinus |
| 1756–1756 | Johann Jakob Huber |
| 1758–1758 | Johann Albert Euler |
| 1764–1787 | Johann III Bernoulli |
| 1787–1825 | Johann Elert Bode |
| 1825–1863 | Johann Franz Encke |
| 1865–1874 | Wilhelm Foerster |
| 1874–1895 | Friedrich Tietjen |
| 1896–1909 | Julius Bauschinger |
| 1909–1922 | Fritz Cohn (de) |
| 1924–1954 | August Kopff |
| 1955–1985 | Walter Fricke |
| 1985–2004 | Roland Wielen |
| 2004–2007 | Joachim Wambsganß (de) |
| 2007–pres. | Eva Grebel / Joachim Wambsganß |
# Gianluigi Aponte

Gianluigi Aponte (Italian pronunciation:; born 27 June 1940) is an Italian billionaire businessman, and the founder, owner and chairman of Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC).
In 2024, Forbes estimated Aponte's net worth at $33.1 billion, ranking him as the 48th-richest person in the world.

## Early life

Gianluigi Aponte was born in Sant'Agnello, Italy (near Sorrento, in the province of Naples) on 27 June 1940.

## Career

Aponte is a Neapolitan captain, who entered the shipping industry in 1970 together with his spouse, Rafaela Aponte-Diamant. At the time, the newly-formed company owned a single vessel that shipped cargo between Europe and Africa. With the growth of his business, he made a move into the cruise industry in 1988. In 2014, he retired from the position of CEO and president in favour of his son Diego Aponte, assuming the role of executive chairman within MSC.

## Honours

In 2009, at the Teatro di San Carlo of Naples, he received, along with Fabio Cannavaro, Ambra Vallo and others, a prize for "Neapolitan Excellence in the World" from then-Italian prime minister Silvio Berlusconi.
In 2012, he won the Cruise International Lifetime Achievement Award in recognition of his long term activity in the industry.
In October 2013, he received Containerisation International's Lifetime Achievement Award, as well as a knighthood, the Order of Merit for Labour, from Italian President Giorgio Napolitano. The Aponte family have featured prominently in the Lloyd's List Top 100 most influential people in the shipping industry, named in the top 10 in 2014 and in position 16 in 2018.

## Personal life

He is married to Rafaela Aponte-Diamant, a Swiss woman of Israeli origin, and daughter of a Geneva banker, he met when she was a passenger on a boat of which he was the captain. They have two children, Diego Aponte, who is group president of MSC and was the company's CEO from 2014 until November 2019, and Alexa Aponte Vago, who is CFO of MSC.