OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Los Angeles Philharmonic Institute

The Los Angeles Philharmonic Institute was a summer training program held in Los Angeles, California for conservatory aged orchestral instrumentalists and conductors. It ran from 1982 to 1991 under the auspices of the Los Angeles Philharmonic.

## History

The Los Angeles Philharmonic Institute was founded by Ernest Fleischmann and Leonard Bernstein, with Bernstein and Daniel Lewis serving as artistic directors. Subsequent artistic directors have included Michael Tilson Thomas, Sir Charles Groves, André Previn, Lukas Foss, and finally Lynn Harrell (1988–1992).
Most of the faculty were musicians from the Los Angeles Philharmonic, but also included many other prominent musicians, including Vladimir Spivakov, Nadja Salerno-Sonnenberg, Erich Leinsdorf, Edo de Waart, Leonard Slatkin, and Jesús López-Cobos, among others.
The Institute was notable for the amount of daily, hands-on instruction students received from faculty, even when compared to other similar summer programs, such as Tanglewood. Lynn Harrell said, "Not only do the students have an almost daily open working situation with Philharmonic players, but they'll have the opportunity to join them in performance [at the Hollywood Bowl].... To sit next to experienced orchestra musicians and play with that kind of immediacy is worth a thousand words. There's a give-and-take here on many levels."
In December 1991, Fleischmann announced that the 1992 Institute would be cancelled due to budget cuts by the Philharmonic.

## Notable alumni
### Conducting Fellows

* Gisele Ben-Dor
* Thomas Dausgaard
* Paavo Järvi
* Yakov Kreizberg
* Jahja Ling
* Keith Lockhart
* David Alan Miller
* Keith Lockhart
* Eiji Oue
* Stefan Sanderling
* Toshiyuki Shimada
* Michael Stern
* Mario Venzago
* Leif Bjaland
* William Eddins

### Strings

* Carolyn Waters Broe
* Tatjana Mead Chamis (Associate Principal Viola, Pittsburgh Symphony)
* Ben Hong (Associate Principal Cello, Los Angeles Philharmonic)
* Ingrid Hutman (Viola, Los Angeles Philharmonic)
* Eric Lee (Associate Concertmaster, Kennedy Center Opera House Orchestra)
* Charles Bingham, Solista Bilbao Symphony Orchestra since 1995- current.
* Josefina Vergara (Principal Second Violin, Los Angeles Chamber Orchestra)
* Glen Wanner (Assistant Principal Bass, Nashville Symphony)

### Woodwinds

* Sue Heineman (Principal Bassoon, National Symphony)
* Marni Hougham, (English horn, Minnesota Orchestra)
* Susan McGinn (Principal Flute, Honolulu Symphony)
* Theodore Soluri, (Principal Bassoon, Dallas Symphony)
* Philip Dikeman, (Former Acting Principal Flute, Detroit Symphony, Associate Professor Vanderbilt University)
* Michael Lisicky, (Oboe, Baltimore Symphony)
* Nancy Ambrose King, (Professor of Oboe, University of Michigan)
* Lee Livengood, (Bass clarinet, Utah Symphony)

### Brass

* Elizabeth Cook-Shen (former Horn, Los Angeles Philharmonic)
* Dai Zhonghui (Principal Trumpet, National Symphony Orchestra of China)
* Matthew Guilford (Bass Trombone, National Symphony)
* Brian Rood (Trumpet, Kansas City Symphony)
* David Washburn (Principal Trumpet, Los Angeles Chamber Orchestra)
# Prikanalny

Prikanalny (Russian: Приканальный) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Marinovskoye Rural Settlement, Kalachyovsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 184 as of 2010. There are 7 streets.

## Geography

Prikanalny is located 25 km east of Kalach-na-Donu (the district's administrative centre) by road. Marinovka is the nearest rural locality.
# Osinovsky, Volgograd Oblast

Osinovsky (Russian: Осиновский) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Golubinskoye Rural Settlement, Kalachyovsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 78 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

## Geography

Osinovsky is located 50 km northwest of Kalach-na-Donu (the district's administrative centre) by road. Nizhnyaya Buzinovka is the nearest rural locality.
# Komsomolsky, Kalachyovsky District, Volgograd Oblast

Komsomolsky (Russian: Комсомольский) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Sovetskoye Rural Settlement, Kalachyovsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,224 as of 2010. There are 33 streets.

## Geography

Komsomolsky is located 30 km east of Kalach-na-Donu (the district's administrative centre) by road. Prikanalny is the nearest rural locality.
# Malogolubinsky

Malogolubinsky (Russian: Малоголубинский) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Golubinskoye Rural Settlement, Kalachyovsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 171 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Malogolubinsky is located on the right bank of the Don River, 44 km north of Kalach-na-Donu (the district's administrative centre) by road. Bolshenabatovsky is the nearest rural locality.
# Bratsky, Volgograd Oblast

Bratsky (Russian: Братский) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Krepinskoye Rural Settlement, Kalachyovsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 312 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.

## Geography

Bratsky is located 68 km south of Kalach-na-Donu (the district's administrative centre) by road. Beloglinsky is the nearest rural locality.
# Ray Clark (baseball)

Ray Clark is an American former Negro league pitcher who played in the 1930s.
Clark played for the Newark Dodgers in 1934 and 1935. In five recorded appearances on the mound, he posted a 9.86 ERA over 21 innings.
# Russian invasion

Russian invasion may refer to:

## Russian Empire

* Russian conquest of Siberia, 1580-1778
* Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)
* Smolensk War, 1632–1634
* Sack of Baturyn, 1708
* Russo-Circassian War, 1763–1864
* Liquidation of the Zaporozhian Sich, 1775
* Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Empire, 1783
* Partitions of Poland, 1772–1795
* Caucasian War, 1817–1864
* Russian invasion of Manchuria, 1900
* Russian occupation of Tabriz, 1911
* Russian invasion of East Prussia (1914)

## Soviet Union

* Soviet–Ukrainian War (1917–1920)
* Polish–Soviet War (1918/1919–1921)
* Soviet invasion of Azerbaijan, 1920
* Soviet invasion of Armenia, 1920
* Red Army invasion of Georgia, 1921
* Soviet invasion of Xinjiang, 1934
* Soviet invasion of Poland, 1939
* Winter War, 1939
* Soviet occupation of the Baltic States, 1940
* Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, 1940
* Soviet invasion of Manchuria, 1945
* Hungarian Revolution of 1956
* Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia, 1968
* Soviet–Afghan War, 1979–1989

## Russian Federation

* First Chechen War, 1994–1997
* Second Chechen War, 1999–2000
* Russo-Georgian War, 2008
* Russo-Ukrainian War, 2014–present
** Russian invasion of Ukraine, 2022–present
# Kamensky, Ilovlinsky District, Volgograd Oblast

Kamensky (Russian: Каменский) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Novogrigoryevskoye Rural Settlement, Ilovlinsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 46 as of 2010.

## Geography

Kamensky is located on the Don River, on south of Volga Upland, 47 km northwest of Ilovlya (the district's administrative centre) by road. Novogrigoryevskaya is the nearest rural locality.
# Pseudomyrmex apache

Pseudomyrmex apache is a species of Pseudomyrmecine ant native to the southwest United States, Mexico, and possibly Florida.

## Description

Pseudomyrmex apache is golden yellow in color and ranges from 5–8 mm in overall length.
# Fastov, Volgograd Oblast

Fastov (Russian: Фастов) is a rural locality (a khutor) and the administrative center of Fastovskoye Rural Settlement, Ilovlinsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 132 as of 2010. There are 9 streets.

## Geography

Fastov is located in steppe, on the right bank of the Talovaya River, on the Volga Upland, 41 km southeast of Ilovlya (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kotluban is the nearest rural locality.
# Universe (economics)

In economics and marketing a universe is a population to be studied or measured.
In economics a population to be measured is described as a "universe", and the measures which are generated are intended to reflect the behavior of that population. Different statistical surveys may measure related, but different, universes and have to be adjusted to reflect this difference. For example, the American Bureau of Labor Statistics has a household survey and an establishment survey to measure employment. The differences in the populations and behavior that these two surveys measure are said to be the differences in their "universe".
The word has a similar meaning in marketing, where it describes the activity in a given population. For example, ASCAP measures airplay in different radio "universes" to determine royalties for different songs, because e.g. air play in the "classical" universe is compensated differently from popular music. It also fundamental to television audience measurement: advertisers buy into programmes based on the ratings in different demographic universes and those different universes will cost different amounts. For example, a hair dye ad campaign may buy 1000 Gross Rating Points (GRP) in the Women 25-44 universe in order to target that particular audience, rather than a demographic irrelevant to their product.
# Ahmad Samii Gilani

Ahmad Samii Gilani (Persian: احمد سمیعی گیلانی; 31 January 1921 – 22 March 2023) was an Iranian writer, editor, translator, and academic.

## Life and career

Born in Tehran, the son of a mujtahid, Samii graduated in literature and got a master's degree in linguistics at the University of Tehran. A member of the Tudeh Party of Iran, he was imprisoned for two and a half years for his political activities. He worked as a Dehkhoda Dictionary editor and collaborated with the Franklin Institute, the Institute for Cultural Studies and Research, and the Soroush publishing house.
As an essayist, Samii is best known for the book Vīrāyeš va Negāreš (Persian: "ویرایش و نگارش", 'Editing and Writing'). Also a translator, his works include translations in Persian of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Gustave Flaubert, George Sand, Denis Diderot, Michel de Montaigne and Noam Chomsky's works. He served as director of the contemporary literature department of the Academy of Persian Language and Literature, also editing the magazine of the academy from 1998 to 2019.
During his career, Samii received various awards and honours, notably the title of Commander of the Ordre des Palmes académiques. He died on 22 March 2023, at the age of 102.
# Semyonovka, Slavgorod, Altai Krai

Semyonovka (Russian: Семёновка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Slavgorod, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 705 as of 2013. There are 6 streets.

## Geography

Semyonovka lies in the Kulunda Steppe, 7 kilometers (4.3 mi) to the northwest of lake Maloye Yarovoye and 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) to the north of lake Belenkoye.
# Albert Clark (baseball)

Albert Dennis Clark (July 2, 1910 – March 12, 1988) was an American Negro league outfielder in the 1930s.
A native of Fayette, Mississippi, Clark played for the Chicago American Giants in 1930. He died in Baton Rouge, Louisiana in 1988 at age 77.
# Vlasikha (selo), Altai Krai

Vlasikha (Russian: Власиха) is a rural locality (a selo) in Barnaul, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 2,992 as of 2013. There are 90 streets.

## Geography

Vlasikha is located 18 km southwest of Barnaul by road. Oktyabrsky is the nearest rural locality.
# Novomikhaylovka, Barnaul, Altai Krai

Novomikhaylovka (Russian: Новомихайловка) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Barnaul, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 1,304 as of 2013. There are 21 streets.

## Geography

Novomikhaylovka is located 22 km west of Barnaul by road. Aviator is the nearest rural locality.
# Outskirts (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Outskirts is the debut studio album by Canadian country rock group Blue Rodeo, released in March 1987 through Risqué Disque. The singles "Try" and "Rose-Coloured Glasses" were hits in Canada, where "Outskirts" and "Rebel" also made the singles charts.
To mark the 25th anniversary of the album, Blue Rodeo released a two-LP vinyl remixed edition, Outskirts Remix, on November 27, 2012.
On the thirtieth anniversary of the album's release, Jim Cuddy posted the following message on the band's website: "The first night we started to make Outskirts was also the night my wife Rena went into labour with our first child Devin. So needless to say it was an unforgettable night. The record came out to a deafening silence. Not a single radio station played the first single, 'Outskirts'. We sold 5000 records which we thought was amazing but were told we would be dropped if nothing else happened. So much has happened since then but I still hold onto the feelings from those early days of tearing it up in a club with nothing to lose. We could never have dreamed of being where we are today and looking back on 30 years of playing music together. Sometimes life surprises you."

## Track listing

All songs written by Greg Keelor and Jim Cuddy.
* "Heart Like Mine" – 4:38 [Release Date: February 19, 1988]
* "Rose-Coloured Glasses" – 4:25 [Release Date: February 7, 1988]
* "Rebel" – 3:47 [Release Date: February 28, 1987]
* "Joker's Wild" – 4:02 [Release Date: March 9, 1988]
* "Piranha Pool" – 6:27 [Release Date: March 6, 1987]
* "Outskirts" – 4:45 [Release Date: February 8, 1988]
* "Underground" – 5:05 [Release Date: February 27, 1987]
* "5 Will Get You Six" – 4:22 [Release date: March 1, 1988]
* "Try" – 4:03
* "Floating" – 7:32 [Release Date: March 7, 1988]

## Chart performance

| Chart (1987) | Peak position |
| Canadian RPM Top Albums | 20 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification |
| Canada (Music Canada) | 4× Platinum |
# Naumannella halotolerans

Naumannella halotolerans is a Gram-positive and aerobic bacterium from the genus Naumannella which has been isolated from a pharmaceutical clean room and milk products in Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany.
# Star Wars (1992 pinball)

Star Wars is a 1992 pinball machine released by Data East. It is based on the Star Wars original trilogy of films.
A semi-official update, tweaking and refining the gameplay rules was released 20 years later.
# Snook, Texas

Snook is a city in Burleson County, Texas, United States. The population was 506 at the 2020 census.

## Geography

Snook is 13 miles (21 km) southwest of College Station and 17 miles (27 km) southeast of Caldwell, the Burleson County seat.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.0 square miles (5.2 km$^2$), of which 0.008 square miles (0.02 km$^2$), or 0.46%, is water.

## Demographics

Snook racial composition as of 2020 (NH = Non-Hispanic) :
| Race | Number | Percentage |
| White (NH) | 298 | 58.89% |
| Black or African American (NH) | 87 | 17.19% |
| Native American or Alaska Native (NH) | 3 | 0.59% |
| Asian (NH) | 1 | 0.2% |
| Some Other Race (NH) | 4 | 0.79% |
| Mixed/Multi-Racial (NH) | 15 | 2.96% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 98 | 19.37% |
| Total | 506 | |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 506 people, 236 households, and 159 families residing in the city.
As of the census of 2000, there were 568 people, 221 households, and 160 families residing in the city. The population density was 282.6 inhabitants per square mile (109.1/km$^2$). There were 252 housing units at an average density of 125.4 per square mile (48.4/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the city was 75.70% White, 21.13% African American, 0.18% Asian, 2.64% from other races, and 0.35% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.39% of the population.
There were 221 households, out of which 37.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.6% were married couples living together, 17.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.6% were non-families. 24.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.03.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 29.6% under the age of 18, 10.6% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 19.2% from 45 to 64, and 13.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.3 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $34,722, and the median income for a family was $37,656. Males had a median income of $31,528 versus $23,125 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,965. About 14.7% of families and 16.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.9% of those under age 18 and 11.8% of those age 65 or over.

## Education

Snook is served by the Snook Independent School District and home to the Snook Secondary School Bluejays.

## Attractions and events

Snook is the home of Chilifest, an annual charity event held since 1991 that attracts some of the biggest names in country music for a two-day chili cook-off and concert. This event attracts more than 50,000 people each year. According to the event's web site, Chilifest has donated more than $3,500,000 to area organizations such as Burleson County Go-Texan, the Boys & Girls Club of Brazos Valley and the Snook Volunteer Fire Department.
# Wilhelm Kreis

Wilhelm Kreis (17 March 1873 – 13 August 1955) was a prominent German architect and professor of architecture, active through four political systems in German history: the Wilhelmine era, the Weimar Republic, the Third Reich, and the foundation of the Federal Republic.
Kreis was born in Eltville am Rhein in Hesse-Nassau. He first came to prominence with his 1896 submission for the Völkerschlachtdenkmal in Leipzig, although the commission went to Bruno Schmitz. Around the turn of the century, Kreis designed 58 of the Bismarck Towers, a number of civic projects in Dresden, the 1924 William Marx house, and other significant projects. The 1926 Rheinhalle (today:Tonhalle Düsseldorf) in Düsseldorf was his first major cultural project, followed by the German Hygiene Museum in Dresden. As opposed to the modernist movement then emerging, Kreis was among those architects like Heinrich Tessenow and Paul Bonatz who continued to work in a historical, conservative style.
Kreis was dismissed from the presidency of the League of German Architects (BDA) in 1933 and he saw his commissions dry up as a result. But within two years he was again working, under the direction of Albert Speer, for war projects in Dresden and the gigantic plans for Berlin, notably the design for the massive Soldiers Hall. Employing the respected Kreis brought Speer some legitimacy; Kreis responded by becoming an active supporter of National Socialism. He was named as one of the Reich's most important artists in the Gottbegnadeten list of September 1944.
In the postwar period, Kreis continued to receive commissions despite his advanced age.
* Luftwaffe-Luftgaukommando IV in Dresden, 1935–1938
* Detail: Relief with Icarus, Vulcan and warriors, 1937
* German Hygiene Museum in Dresden, 1930
* Kaufhaus Tietz in Wuppertal, 1911–1912
* State Museum of Prehistory in Halle (Saale), 1911–1913
* The 1904 Bismarck Tower in Stuttgart
* Exhibition hall 16 at Alte Messe in Leipzig (1913)
# Korand, Golestan

Korand (Persian: كرند) is a city in Dashli Borun District of Gonbad-e Kavus County, Golestan province, Iran. As a village, it was the capital of Kerend Rural District until the capital was transferred to the village of Howtan.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, Korand's population was 4,342 in 969 households, when it was village in Kerend Rural District. The following census in 2011 counted 4,922 people in 1,249 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 5,616 people in 1,530 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
After the census, Korand was elevated to the status of a city.
# Melvin Thomas Copeland

Melvin Thomas Copeland (1884–1975) was a professor emeritus at Harvard Business School.

## Biography

Copeland was born on July 17, 1884, in Brewer, Maine. He completed his A.B. at Bowdoin College and received both an A.M. and a Ph.D. from Harvard University.
Copeland briefly taught at New York University before returning to Harvard in 1912. He served as director of research from 1916 to 1926 and again from 1942 to 1953, institutionalizing project research as a faculty duty. In 1950, he was named George Fisher Baker Professor.
The Melvin T. Copeland Award was established in his honor upon his retirement in 1953.

## Writing

Copeland's publications include Cotton Manufacturing Industry of the U.S., Problems in Marketing, and And Mark an Era, a history of Harvard Business School.
# Paul Morton

Paul Morton may refer to:
* Paul Morton (politician), American businessman and politician
* Paul Morton (UK politician), British businessman and politician
* PJ Morton (born 1981), American R&B singer, musician and producer
* Paul S. Morton (born 1950), American Baptist pastor
* Paul Morton (television executive) (1938–2024), Canadian television executive
# Peadar Clohessy

Patrick Peadar Clohessy (19 December 1933 – 18 January 2014) was an Irish politician from Fedamore, County Limerick. He was a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Limerick East constituency from 1981 to 1982 and from 1987 to 1997.
A farmer, Clohessy was first elected as a Fianna Fáil TD at the 1981 general election on his third attempt. He lost his seat at the February 1982 election, and did not contest the November 1982 election. He joined the Progressive Democrats as a founding member, and was one of 14 TDs elected at the 1987 general election, the first election after the party was founded. He retained his seat until retiring at the 1997 general election. He was Chief Whip of the Progressive Democrats and assistant Government Whip from 1989 to 1992.
In 1979 he was elected to Limerick County Council, where he served for 25 years, and was chairman of the council in 1992.
Clohessy died in County Limerick on 18 January 2014, aged 80.
# Katherine McLoughlin

Katherine McLoughlin became Katherine Norton aka Katherine nic Lochlainn (fl. 1671- 1679) was a successful Irish Quaker preacher in the 1670s, a period of significant growth of the Quaker movement in Ireland.

## Life

McLoughlin was born near Coleraine, County Antrim, Ireland, to well-off parents and it has been surmised that two of her relations (or even brothers) may have been preachers. She had been educated in Derry where she had learned to speak the Irish language. McLoughlin arrived in Barbados to marry a Mr Norton when she was sixteen.
Her life changed when she met George Fox in 1671. He had arrived in Barbados to find Quaker coverts and to establish a following. McLoughlin became a convert and although Quaker women were subject to men's authority they were allowed to preach. McLoughlin became a talented and convincing preacher, with a fellow Quaker describing her as of "great service here, and some were convinced by her and we had very large meetings".
In 1676, McLoughlin was a guest of Sharp, who was a successful wool merchant and Quaker in Dublin. He supported the establishment of the movement in America. Some of his other guests were bound for the Americas, but McLoughlin was due to travel to the northern counties of Ireland to preach in market places and in private houses. She wrote to Sharp in 1678 noting her welcome and the "innocent" people she was meeting. He had already noted her success in creating converts, including the wife of a judge.
The advancement of the Quaker movement was constrained by the language barrier, but McLaughlin knew Gaelic and preached in that language. There were few Quakers in Ireland at first, but they made an impact. McLouglin particularly attracted attention as a woman performing a public role. She had disputes and was open to abuse, but she preached in the Irish counties of Armagh, Cavan, Westmeath and Dublin. with success She left Ireland in 1677 en route for England, but no record has been found of her life after that.