OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Snap fastener

A snap fastener, also called snap button, press button, press stud, press fastener, dome fastener, popper, snap and tich (or tich button), is a pair of interlocking discs, made out of a metal or plastic, commonly used in place of traditional buttons to fasten clothing and for similar purposes. A circular lip under one disc fits into a groove on the top of the other, holding them fast until a certain amount of force is applied. Different types of snaps can be attached to fabric or leather by riveting with a punch and die set specific to the type of rivet snaps used (striking the punch with a hammer to splay the tail), sewing, or plying with special snap pliers.
Snap fasteners are a noted detail in American Western wear and were also often chosen for children's clothing, as they are relatively easy for children to use compared with traditional buttons.

## Invention

Modern snap fasteners were patented by German inventor Heribert Bauer in 1885 as the "Federknopf-Verschluss", a novelty fastener for men's trousers. Some attribute the invention to Bertel Sanders, of Denmark. In 1886, Albert-Pierre Raymond, of Grenoble, also obtained a patent. These first versions had an S-shaped spring in the "male" disc instead of a groove. Australian inventor Myra Juliet Farrell is also credited with inventing a "stitchless press stud" and the "stitchless hook and eye". In America, Jack Weil (1901–2008) put snaps on his iconic Western shirts, which spread the fashion for them. The Prym company has produced snap fasteners since 1903.

## Use

Snaps were incorporated into military gear for their speed of use, comparative freedom from snaring, and ease of disentanglement when caught; they were particularly adapted to paratroop equipment due to the danger of snares in the myriad lines attaching a parachute canopy.
They were also adopted for use with law enforcement holsters and their myriad accessories for similar reasons – replaced in both fields largely by hook and loop fasteners in recent decades.
Press studs were adopted by rodeo cowboys from the 1930s onwards, because these could be quickly undone if, in the event of a fall, the shirt became snagged in the saddle. Faux pearl snaps entered American mainstream Western fashion during the 1950s, when singing cowboys like Gene Autry and Roy Rogers incorporated them into their embroidered and fringed stage shirts.

## Gallery

* Four pieces of a typical rivet snap fastener: from upper left, the "eyelet" "socket", "cap", and "stud"
* The socket and cap, the "female" parts of a riveted snap fastener
* The eyelet and stud, the "male" parts of a riveted snap fastener
* Tools used to apply a snap
# Shigakukan University

Shigakukan University (志學館大学, shigakukan daigaku) is a private university in Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan. The predecessor of the school was founded in 1907, and it was chartered as a women's university in 1979. In 1999, it became a co-ed institution and adopted the present name.
# Andrea Nannini

Andrea Nannini (12 December 1944 – 1 March 2021) was an Italian volleyball player. He was part of the Italian teams that won the 1970 Summer Universiade and finished in eighth place at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
# DR P7 Mix

DR P7 Mix was one of DR's digital radio stations in Denmark. It launched on 6 June 2011 as the third of five new digital-only stations. As of September 2019, it has been slated for closure.

## History

In November 2010, DR announced it would significantly lower the number of digital radio stations in its line-up from 23 to between 10-12. The new line-up of digital stations were announced in January 2011. In the new line-up, DR Hit and DR Soft were to be replaced by P7 Mix which unlike the former channels would have presenters.
On 1 October 2017 P7 Mix became available on DAB+ radio when a nationwide switch-over took place.

## Presenters

* Christina Bjørn
* Christine Milton
* Henrik Milling
* Jonas Gülstorff
* Michael Bernhard
* Mikkel Bagger
* Nicolai Molbech
* Sandie Westh
# John Shum

John Sham Kin-Fun (born 1952) is a Hong Kong actor and film producer. His English name is sometimes written as John Shum. Whilst known primarily for his comedic acting roles in Hong Kong cinema, he also spent time as a political activist.

## Biography

Shum was educated in Hong Kong, the UK and the US. Upon his return to Hong Kong, he co-founded "City Magazine" with John Chan, and worked as its editor. At the same time, he began working in television and radio.
He was also a student activist in the 1970s back in his youth and was a member of a Trotskyist vanguard party the Revolutionary Marxist League.
In 1983, he set up the film production company D&B Films, along with Sammo Hung and Dickson Poon. He later founded another film company with John Chan, Maverick Films Ltd.
Sham's most prolific period working as an actor was during the 1980s. Of the 45 films he has appeared in, 33 were during this period. Notable appearances include Sammo Hung's Lucky Stars films Winners and Sinners (1983) and Twinkle, Twinkle Lucky Stars (1985), and starring roles alongside comedy partner Richard Ng in the Pom Pom series (1984–1986).
Sham is credited as a producer on over 20 films, including Hong Kong 1941 (1984), The Lunatics (1986), Legacy of Rage (1986) and The Banquet (1991). He also worked as an assistant director on the 1987 Michelle Yeoh film Magnificent Warriors and also has credits on a number of other films, with roles such as planning, executive production and presentation.
In 1992, Sham co-hosted the Hong Kong Film Awards ceremony.
Throughout much of the 1990s, films took a back seat as Shum was heavily involved with the Pro-Democracy movement in Hong Kong.
In 2005, he was appointed the Executive Secretary of the Federation of Hong Kong Filmmakers, by the government-sponsored Film Development Committee (FDC). In December 2007, he was enrolled as an executive committee member of the Hong Kong Performing Artistes Guild.
His latest role is as executive producer, alongside Jackie Chan, for the film Wushu (2008), which was directed by Antony Szeto and starred Sammo Hung.

## Filmography
### Films

* A Complicated Story 一個複雜故事 (2013), actor
* A Simple Life 桃姐 (2011), actor
* Bodyguards and Assassins 十月圍城 (2009), actor
* Mr. Cinema 老港正傳 (2007), actor
* McDull, the Alumni 春田花花同學會(2006), actor
* New Police Story 新警察故事 (2004), actor
* The Miracle Box 天作之盒 (2004), actor
* King of Chess 棋王 (1991), actor
* Yes, Madam 一皇家師姐 (1985), actor
* Winners and Sinners 奇谋妙计五福星 (1983), actor
# Charlie Naughton

Charles John Naughton (21 April 1886 – 11 February 1976) was a Scottish comedian.
Naughton was born in Glasgow. He was a member of The Crazy Gang, and part of a double act, Naughton and Gold with fellow Glaswegian Jimmy Gold. In 1955, he starred in the first Guinness television commercial, playing the zoo-keeper with a German seal. He died in London.
His daughter, Sally, was a pre-war actress on stage and with British-Gaumont films, appearing under the name Sally Stewart. As a 23-year-old she married in an Edinburgh solicitor's office in January 1939 to Peter Croft, 21-year-old British film actor, son of Ann Croft, actress. Sally's daughter, Naughton's granddaughter, Sally-Anne Stapleford is a five-time British champion in figure skating in the ladies event and won the silver medal at the 1965 European Figure Skating Championships.

## Selected filmography

* My Lucky Star (1933)
* Highland Fling (1936)
* O-Kay for Sound (1937)
* Alf's Button Afloat (1938)
# Andrea Zinali

Andrea Zinali (born 3 September 1969) is an Italian windsurfer. He competed in the men's Mistral One Design event at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
# Masoud Emami Yeganeh

Masoud Emami Yeganeh (Persian: مسعود امامی یگانه; born 12 January, 1978) is an Iranian politician and architect who serves as the 11th Governor of Ardabil Province. He previously held several administrative positions in Ardabil Province, including Deputy Governor for Development Affairs and Governor of Ardabil County.

## Early life and education

Emami Yeganeh was born in the Aref neighborhood of Ardabil. His father was a teacher, and his grandfather was Mirza Reza Emami Yeganeh, a calligrapher and preacher during the Pahlavi era. His brother, Alireza Emami Yeganeh, was a volunteer soldier in the 31st Ashura Division who was killed during the Iran-Iraq War.
He studied at Andarzgou High School in Ardabil and entered university in 1996. While at Islamic Azad University, he helped establish the university's first student political organization, the Islamic Association of Students. He graduated with a degree in Agricultural Engineering in 2000, later pursuing architecture due to his interest in art and design. He obtained his bachelor's degree in Architecture in 2015 and master's degree in 2017. As of 2022, he is pursuing a Ph.D. in Architecture at Islamic Azad University.
Emami Yeganeh is a distinguished member of the Iranian Calligraphers Association and holds an IELTS certification in English.

## Political career

While politically independent with reformist leanings, Emami Yeganeh has held several key administrative positions:
* Deputy Governor for Development Affairs, Ardabil Province.
* Director General of Urban Affairs and Councils, Ardabil Province.
* Director General of Crisis Management, Ardabil Province.
* Director General of Governor's Office, Ardabil Province
* Director General of Public Relations and International Affairs, Ardabil Province
* In the 2024 Iranian presidential election, he served as the head of Masoud Pezeshkian's campaign headquarters in Ardabil Province.

## Academic work

He has published several academic papers on architecture, including:
* "Examining the Relationships and Influences Between Architecture and Calligraphy Art"
* "The Role of Interfering Components in Enhancing the Historical Identity of the City in Ardabil's Historical Schools"
* "Effective Factors in Architectural Design of Buildings with Passive Defense Approach"
# Smeldingi

The Smeldingi were a small group of Polabian Slavs living on the border of the Old Saxony in the 9th century, probably between the Elbe and the Havel. They were a sub-group of the Hevelli. Their name is derived from the Proto-Slavic word *smola ('resin') and is related to the ethnonym of the South Slavic Smolyani and the name of the East Slavic city of Smolensk.
Prior to 808, according to the Royal Frankish Annals, the Smeldingi and Linones recognized the suzerainty of the Franks. In that year, however, they switched their allegiance to the Danish king Gudfred and in response the Frankish king Charles the Younger ravaged their lands:
   But Charles, the son of the emperor [Charlemagne], built a bridge across the Elbe, and moved the army under his command as fast as he could across the river against the Linones and Smeldingi. These tribes had also defected to Godofrid. Charles laid waste their fields far and wide and after crossing the river again returned to Saxony with his army unimpaired.
It is likely that the Smeldingi had participated in the Danes' attack on the Obotrites that year, which resulted in the destruction of the Obotrite emporium of Reric. Rather than come to the aid of their Obotrite allies directly, by attacking the Danes, the Franks launched a punitive expedition against the weaker Smeldingi and Linones, who were both more accessible and more immediately threatening as they lived on the border of the empire. While the Royal Frankish Annals depicts a Frankish victory, the Annals of Lorsch suggests a serious check or reverse with heavy losses followed by retreat. The response of the Danes, who sued for peace, suggests that the Frankish expedition was successful as a show of force. In 809, according to the Royal Frankish Annals, the Obotrites under Duke Thrasco attacked first the Wilzi and then the Smeldingi, forcing them to submit:
   Supported by the Saxons, he attacked the neighboring Wilzi and laid waste their fields with fire and sword. Returning home with immense booty and with even more help from the Saxons, he conquered the largest city of the Smeldingi. By these successes he forced all who had defected from him to join him again.
The annalist's maxima civitas (largest city) is called Semeldinc Connoburg in the Chronicle of Moissac, but that is not its native Slavic name. The Chronicle confirms that the Saxons were a scara (detachment) sent by Charlemagne himself to aid "our Wends" (i.e., the Obotrites).
# John Henry Norrison Camidge

John Henry Norrison Camidge (8 December 1853 – 22 September 1939) was a composer and organist based in Beverley, East Riding of Yorkshire.

## Life

He was born in 1853, the son of Thomas Simpson Camidge, and baptised in St. Michael-le-Belfrey on 5 January 1854.
He was a chorister at Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford. He matriculated in 1875.
He was appointed organist at Beverley Minster on 15 July 1876.
He was also music master at Beverley High School and conductor of the Beverley Choral Society.
He retired in 1933 but continued as Organist Emeritus until his death on 22 September 1939.

## Appointments

* Organist at Beverley Minster 1876–1933

## Compositions

He wrote:
* 2 Evening Services
* A dozen or so anthems
* Chants in the New Catholic Chant Book
* The Collegiate Psalter
# Nellie Tayloe Sanders

Nellie Tayloe Sanders is an American politician who has served as the Oklahoma Secretary of Education since January 24, 2024.

## Biography

Nellie Tayloe Sanders graduated from Salve Regina University.
In 2013, she started working for the Center of Family Love, a hospice care center that works with disabled people. In February 2023, she was appointed to the Oklahoma Statewide Virtual Charter School Board by Senator Greg Treat. In June, she voted to approve the charter of St. Isidore of Seville Catholic Virtual School. In a July meeting, she voted to retain Alliance Defending Freedom to represent the schoolboard in litigation over the approval of St. Isidore of Seville Catholic Virtual School.
Governor Kevin Stitt appointed Sanders the Oklahoma Secretary of Education on January 24, 2024. She resigned her school board position on January 21, before taking office.

## Personal life

She is married to Mike Sanders and they have two children. She is dyslexic. She is the great-granddaughter of Nellie Tayloe Ross, the first woman governor in the United States, and William B. Ross.
# At Home with the Snails

At Home with the Snails is a surrealist BBC Radio 4 comedy, written by Gerard Foster, about a dysfunctional British family. The cast includes Geoffrey Palmer as George Fisher, Angela Thorne as Beverly Fisher, Gerard Foster as Alex, Miranda Hart as Rose, and Debra Stephenson as Hosanna. It was produced by Jane Berthoud.
At Home with the Snails is often repeated on BBC Radio 4 Extra.
The story features Alex's obsession with snails, killing them, collecting them, having sexual desires for them and by season two, even attempting to turn into one. In the second season his mother and father (George and Beverly) decide to fake their own deaths and spy on their son in order to write a book about his descent into madness.
George is a pompous academic who puts his obscure, pretentious and pointless pontificating above all else including his family. He encourages Alex's snail obsession to get material for his books. Beverly, his sexually frustrated wife makes "nice things", such as a 20-foot-tall (6.1 m) "family mug tree". In one episode she develops racial dysphoria, and starts painting her face with boot polish, believing that she is a black person trapped in a white body. Their daughter Rose has her heart in the wrong place - jammed under her armpit. She runs a confectionery shop selling "chocolate excretions" and "jelly war babies".

## Episode list

| Series | Episode | First broadcast |
| 1 | 1 | 26 June 2001 |
| 1 | 2 | 3 July 2001 |
| 1 | 3 | 10 July 2001 |
| 1 | 4 | 17 July 2001 |
| 2 | 1 | 18 July 2002 |
| 2 | 2 | 25 July 2002 |
| 2 | 3 | 1 August 2002 |
| 2 | 4 | 8 August 2002 |
# Coat of arms of Greater Manchester

The coat of arms of Greater Manchester was granted to Greater Manchester County Council upon its formation in 1974 by the College of Arms. The county council was the top-tier local authority for Greater Manchester between 1974 and 1986, when the council was abolished and its arms fell into disuse.

## Description

The blazon of the arms is described as follows:
* Shield: The shield bears ten turrets in gold, representing the ten districts of the County, on a red ground.
* Supporters: The shield is supported on each side by a lion rampant in gold. Each lion bears on its shoulder a badge in red, the lion on the right of the shield bearing a badge with a French horn, representing music and culture, and the lion on the left of the shield bearing a badge with an open book, representing learning and academic life of the County.
* Crest: The helm is surmounted by a demi-lion carrying a banner bearing ten small turrets in gold on a red ground.
* Motto: "Ever Vigilant".

## Today

Although the coat of arms is no longer in use by authorities, variant segments of the arms are still used today, such as the badge of the Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service whose arms bear a defaced version of the shield without the gold crenellations trim, and the crest which is also used by the Greater Manchester Army Cadet Force, a demi-lion carrying the banner. A banner based on the shield from these arms was also sometimes used as the flag to represent the area.
The current Greater Manchester Combined Authority does not use the symbols of the former Greater Manchester Council, instead using a wordmark consisting of its initials and full title.
# Angelo Genuin

Angelo Genuin (born 21 October 1939) is a former Italian ski mountaineer and cross-country skier. He was born in Falcade.
Genuin started his competition career in 1957, at the age of 18 years. In the 1959/60-season he had his first successes in the senior class, and he became a member of the national B-team. In the 1961/62-season he entered the A-team. He participated in the 1964 Winter Olympics and finished 24th in the 50 kilometres cross-country skiing event.
Together with Bruno Bonaldi and Luigi Weiss, he placed first in the military team category in the 1975 Trofeo Mezzalama edition, which was carried out as the first World Championship of Skimountaineering.
Further notable results were:
* 1952: 3rd, Italian men's championships of cross-country skiing, 15 km
* 1967: 2nd, Italian men's championships of cross-country skiing, 15 km
# Barcode Brothers

Barcode Brothers is a Danish trance duo consisting of Christian Møller Nielsen and Anders Øland. Best known for the moderate European hit "Dooh Dooh" in 1999, they released two studio albums before disbanding in 2004. They reformed in 2023.

## Discography
### Studio albums

List of studio albums, with selected chart positions and details :
| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions |
| Title | Album details | DEN |
| Swipe Me | Released: 2000 Label: Universal Music (Denmark) Format: CD, cassette, digital download | 24 |
| BB02 | Released: 2002 Label: Universal Music (Denmark) Format: CD, cassette, digital download | 19 |

### Singles

List of singles as lead artist, with selected chart positions and album name :
| Title | Year | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Album |
| Title | Year | AUT | FRA | GER | POL | SWI | Album |
| "These Boots Are Made for Walking" | 1999 | — | 76 | — | — | — | Non-album single |
| "Dooh Dooh" | 1999 | 36 | — | 17 | 14 | 89 | Swipe Me |
| "Tele" | 2000 | — | — | — | — | — | Swipe Me |
| "It's a Fine Day" | 2000 | — | — | — | — | — | Swipe Me |
| "Flute" | 2000 | — | — | 41 | — | 46 | Swipe Me |
| "SMS" | 2002 | — | — | 52 | — | — | BB02 |
| "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. ||||||||

### Promotional singles

List of promotional singles and album name :
| Title | Year | Album |
| "Barcodemegamix02" | 2000 | Non-album single remix of "SMS"; promotional tie-in for Bionicle |
| "Akustik" | 2002 | BB02 |

### Remixes

* Balearic Bill - "Destination Sunshine" (Barcode Brothers Remix) (1999)
* Star - "Heaven's on Fire" (Barcode Brothers Fire Mix) (1999)
* Star - "This Is My Life" (Barcode's Club) (1999)
* S.O.A.P. – "S.O.A.P. Is in the Air" (Barcode Brothers Club remix) (2000)
# San Juan Bautista de Corias

The Abbey of San Juan Bautista de Corias (Asturian: San Xuan Bautista de Courias) is a former Benedictine monastery in Corias in Cangas del Narcea (Asturias), Spain, on the right bank of the Narcea River, dedicated to Saint John the Baptist. Today it is a historic site of the province, informally known as "the Asturian Escorial" (el Escorial Asturiano), due to the burial there of King Bermudo I of Asturias (died 797) and his family.

## History

The abbey was founded in 1022 through a donation of land by Count Piñolo Jiménez (Piniolo) and his wife Aldonza Muñoz, wealthy Leonese aristocrats. The construction of the planned monastery, built in the Romanesque style, was completed in 1043 and a monastic community was established there the following year.
The first abbot was Arias Cromaz, a relative of Piniolo and thus also of Oveco, who was Bishop of Oviedo from 913 to about 960. After 19 years as abbot, Arias was named Bishop of Oviedo by King Alfonso VI of León and Castile. Land disputes arose with the various powers of the region during its early days, and, about the turn of the 12th century, a number of agreements are recorded between Count Fernando Díaz, one of the most powerful lords of the region, and Munio, the Abbot of Corias, wherein a number of towns were swapped.
The abbey reached the peak of its power in the 12th and 13th centuries, with properties stretching across western Asturias and into the neighboring Province of León. Nonetheless, the monks were a major influence in the agricultural development of the region, as they introduced viticulture, as well as the raising of cereals and tobacco to Asturias. They also had an important influence on local methods of cattle-raising, with the establishment of pastures in the higher elevations of the land. Over the centuries, they also refined methods for more effective hunting and fishing on the abbatial lands, as well as for its management.
The monastic complex received various modifications and additions over the centuries, but a large fire in 1763 destroyed the building, with the exception of the 16th-century monastery church and its sacristy. The abbey was rebuilt in the Neoclassical style. The plans for the new building were designed by Lucas Ferro Caaveiro, a leading architect from Galicia. Due to his death in 1770, construction was begun in 1774 under the supervision of Ventura Rodríguez, using a rectangular layout with two courtyards, built around the abbey church located in a side wing. Among its surviving treasures are a 12th-century crucifix, popularly called the "Christ of the Cantonada". It is considered to be among the finest pieces of Romanesque art in Asturias. One consequence of the fire, however, is that the graves of King Bermudo and his family can no longer be identified.

## Natural park

Today the former abbey is a complex of structures classified as a Bien de Interés Cultural and protected by the Spanish government. It houses a parador and an interpretation center for a natural park.
# Lux Mundi

Lux Mundi (Latin for "Light of the World") may refer to:
* Lux Mundi (statue), a statue of Jesus by Tom Tsuchiya
* Lux Mundi (book), an 1889 collection of 12 essays by liberal Anglo-Catholic theologians
* Lux Mundi (album), a 2011 album by the heavy metal band Samael
* Wessel Gansfort (1419–1489), humanist of the 15th century who was widely known as Lux Mundi
# Straten, Victoria

Straten is a locality in the Shire of Buloke, Victoria that was also previously called Stratton.
Speed East post office was opened on 15 January 1923, renamed Stratton on 15 April 1924 and was closed on 12 July 1952.