OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tidal triggering of earthquakes

Tidal triggering of earthquakes is the idea that tidal forces may induce seismicity.
In connection with earthquakes, syzygy refers to the idea that the combined tidal effects of the sun and moon – either directly as earth tides in the crust itself, or indirectly by hydrostatic loading due to ocean tides – should be able to trigger earthquakes in rock that is already stressed to the point of fracturing, and therefore a higher proportion of earthquakes should occur at times of maximal tidal stress, such as at the new and full moons.
Previously, scientists have searched for such a correlation for over a century, but with the exception of volcanic areas (including mid-ocean spreading ridges) the results have been mixed. It has been suggested that some negative results are due to failure to account for tidal phase and fault orientation (dip), while "many studies reporting positive correlations suffer from a lack of statistical rigor." One systematic investigation found "no evidence for an increase in seismicity during intervals of large tidal range but there is clear evidence for small but significant increase in earthquake rates near low tide"; it did not find an increase of earthquakes near peak spring tides. Seismicity is favored at low tides, particularly for reverse faults, because unloading unclamps the fault, reducing friction. Ocean loading has no effect at all on strike-slip faults.
Research work has shown a robust correlation between small tidally induced forces and non-volcanic tremor activity. Volcanologists use the regular, predictable Earth tide movements to calibrate and test sensitive volcano deformation monitoring instruments. The tides may also trigger volcanic events.
# National 1

National 1 may refer to:
* National 1 (Scottish educational qualification), an educational qualification in Scotland and part of the larger Curriculum for Excellence
* Championnat National 1, a French football league
* Nationale Masculine 1, a French basketball league
# Carbendazim

Carbendazim is a fungicide, a member benzimidazole fungicides. It is a metabolite of benomyl.
The fungicide is used to control plant diseases in cereals and fruits, including citrus, bananas, strawberries, macadamia nuts, pineapples, and pomes. A 4.7% solution of carbendazim hydrochloride, sold as Eertavas, is marketed as a treatment for Dutch elm disease.

## Other uses

It is also employed as a casting worm control agent in amenity turf situations such as golf greens, tennis courts etc. and in some countries is licensed for that use only.

## Safety, regulation, controversy

High doses of carbendazim destroy the testicles of laboratory animals.
Maximum pesticide residue limits (MRLs) for fresh produce in the EU are between 0.1 and 0.7 mg/kg with the exception of loquat fruits, which is set at 2 mg/kg. The limits for more commonly consumed citrus and pome fruits are between 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg.
Use of this fungicide on macadamia plantations has proven controversial in Queensland.
# Emma Kari

Emma Karoliina Kari (born 15 May 1983 in Espoo) is a Finnish politician of the Green League. She was elected to the Parliament of Finland in the 2015 parliamentary election with a vote total of 4,647. Kari has served in the City Council of Helsinki since 2008.
Emma Kari and Kukka Ranta have written a book titled Kalavale that addresses the consequences of commercial fishing.
# Roberto Caruso

Roberto Caruso (born 23 May 1967 in Sannicandro di Bari, Bari Province, in the region of Apulia) was an Italian road racing cyclist. Professional from 1991 to 1998, he won the Trois Vallées Varésines twice.

## Major results
### 1990

    4th stage of the Giro delle Regione
    2nd in the Giro delle Regione
    2nd in the Amateur Road World Championships

### 1993

    Gran Premio di Lugano
    3rd stage of the Vuelta al Táchira
    3rd in the Giro del Lazio

### 1995

    Trois Vallées Varésines
    2nd in the Wincanton Classic

### 1997

    Trois Vallées Varésines
    2nd in the Giro della Romagna

## Grand Tours results
### Tour de France

* 1998 : abandoned after (10th stage)

### Giro d'Italia

* 1993 : 98th
* 1996 : 66th
* 1997 : 76th
# William Moray-Stirling, 17th of Abercairny

William Moray-Stirling, 17th of Abercairny and Ardoch (1 June 1785 – 9 November 1850) was a Scottish landowner.

## Early life

Moray-Stirling was born on 1 June 1785 in Perthshire, Scotland. He was the son of Charles Moray, 15th of Abercairny and the former Anne Stirling. His elder brother was James Moray, 16th of Abercairny, who was a magistrate and Deputy Lieutenant of Perthshire and who married Elizabeth Erskine (daughter of Gen. Sir William Erskine, Bt) and, after her death, Mary Thomas. His younger brother, Charles Moray, died unmarried at Ardoch in 1820.

## Career

He was a major in the army, and was present at Battle of Waterloo in 1815.
He succeeded his mother in Ardoch in 1820, when he added the name Stirling, and succeeded his brother in Abercairny in 1840 (who died without issue), which he disentailed.

## Personal life

On 18 October 1826, William married the Hon. Frances Elizabeth "Fanny" Douglas (d. 1854), third daughter of Archibald Douglas, 1st Baron Douglas, but had no children.
Upon his death on 9 November 1850, he was succeeded in both of his estates by his sister, Christian, who was married to Henry Home-Drummond of Blair Drummond. His widow died on 14 September 1854.
# Allen Springs, Kentucky

Allen Springs is a rural unincorporated community in northwest Allen County, Kentucky, United States. The community is located near the terminus of Kentucky Route 240 at US Route 231.
# Tenryaku

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Tenryaku (天暦) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, "year name") after Tengyō and before Tentoku. This period spanned the years from April 947 through October 957. The reigning emperor was Murakami-tennō (村上天皇).

## Change of era

* January 25, 947 Tenryaku gannen (天暦元年): The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in Tengyō 10, on the 24th day of the 4th month of 947.

## Events of the Tenryaku era

* 947 (Tenryaku 1, 9th month): Construction began on the Kitano Shrine.
* 947 (Tenryaku 1, 11th month): The emperor went hunting at Uji.
* 948 (Tenryaku 2): There was a great drought in the summer and strong rains in the autumn.
* September 29, 948 (Tenryaku 2, 24th day of the 8th month): The Sun and the Moon were both visible in the sky at the same time.
* 949 (Tenryaku 3, 14th day of the 8th month): Fujiwara no Tadahira died at the age of 70. He had been sesshō for 20 years, and he was kampaku for 8 years.
* September 9, 949 (Tenryaku 3, 9th month): The former-Emperor Yōzei died at the age of 82.
* 950 (Tenryaku 4, 7th month): Murakami causes a proclamation that his infant son, Norihira, will be his official heir and Crown Prince.
* 951 (Tenryaku 5): The pagoda at Daigo-ji is now the oldest building in Kyoto.
# Exposure (1932 film)

Exposure is a 1932 American drama film directed by Norman Houston and starring Lila Lee, Walter Byron and Tully Marshall.

## Cast

* Lila Lee as Doris Corbin
* Walter Byron as Andy Bryant
* Tully Marshall as John Ward
* Mary Doran as Gerry Ward
* Bryant Washburn as Jimmy Delane
* Pat O'Malley as Van Avery - City Editor
* Lee Moran as Nosey Newton
* Spec O'Donnell as Inky
* Nat Pendleton as Maniac Killer
# Indispensable element test

The indispensable element test is a standard for distinguishing preparation and attempt in a criminal case.$^{:683}$ A person who does every act needed to commit a crime, except for one necessary or indispensable element, is not guilty of having made an attempt.
# Hugh Edwards (rower)

Hugh Robert Arthur Edwards (17 November 1906 – 21 December 1972), also known as Jumbo Edwards, was an English rower who competed for Great Britain in the 1932 Summer Olympics.
He was born to Welsh-speaking parents in Woodstock, Oxfordshire and died in Southampton.
He went to Christ Church, Oxford, in 1925, and was the only Freshman selected to row in the 1926 Blue Boat. He collapsed during the race, and was later diagnosed as having a hypertrophied heart, and was told he was no longer needed to row for the university.
Edwards left Oxford in 1927 after failing his exams, and became a school teacher. He also recommenced rowing, with London Rowing Club. While rowing with London Rowing Club, he was successful at Henley Royal Regatta in 1928, 1929, and 1930, winning the Grand Challenge Cup in 1930. At the British Empire Games in Canada in 1930, London Rowing Club crews representing England, and which contained Edwards, won two gold medals, in the eights and in the coxed fours. He was then invited to row in the 1930 Oxford Blue Boat.
In the 1932 Olympics he won the gold medal in the coxless pairs event with Lewis Clive, and a second gold in the Great Britain coxless four, on the same day.
He later turned to competitive flying, coming second in the 1935 King's Cup Race.
During the Second World War Edwards served in RAF Coastal Command, once saving his own life by rowing four miles through a minefield in a dinghy after his plane crashed in the Atlantic Ocean. After rising to the rank of Group Captain, he was demobbed in 1946.
He was invited back to be a member of the Oxford coaching team in 1949, although resigned in 1957 after a disagreement with the Australian-born president, Roderick Carnegie. He was brought back in 1959 by OUBC President Ronnie Howard, but provoked a rebellion by certain members of the crew over his demands on them. Despite the resignation of certain members of the squad, Oxford beat Cambridge, and his subsequent coaching efforts made him an Oxford legend.
In 1962, he coached the Wales four containing his two sons that won silver at the Commonwealth Games in Perth, Australia.
He wrote a book on rowing technique in 1963 entitled The Way of a Man with a Blade. Having been a pupil of both Dr "Beja" Bourne and Steve Fairbairn, he sought to bring together the divergent rowing styles of English Orthodoxy and Fairbairnism.
A coxed four belonging to Christ Church Boat Club is named Jumbo Edwards. The club's other four, is named after Jonathan Searle, another Olympic Gold medallist.

## Works

* The Way of a Man with a Blade. Routledge & Kegan Paul. 1963.
# 3-(4-Carboxybenzoyl)quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde

3-(4-Carboxybenzoyl)quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde (CBQCA) is a fluorogenic amine labeling dye that is not fluorescent itself, but covalently reacts with primary amines to form fluorescent products. It was first reported in 1991.
CBQCA is largely used in the context of quantifying peptides or proteins. Either cyanide or thiols are required as a co-substrate in the fluorogenic reaction, although thiols also react with and mask the CBQCA aldehyde thereby preventing the fluorogenic reaction against the targeted primary amines. Once bound to protein the excitation wavelength is 465 nm (blue) and the emission wavelength is ~550 nm (green).

## Reaction

CBQCA, which is non-fluorescent, reacts with primary amines in the presence of cyanide to form fluorescent products:
# Selling My Soul

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 62/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| HipHopDX | 3/5 |
| laut.de | |
| Pitchfork | 5.2/10 |
| Prefix | 7.5/10 |
| RapReviews | 2.5/10 |
| Slant | |
| Under the Radar | |
Selling My Soul is the third solo studio album by American rapper Masta Killa. It was released on December 11, 2012 via Nature Sounds. Production was handled by Allah Mathematics, 9th Wonder, Blackinati, Dash, Inspectah Deck, Koolade, Mediate Souls, P.F. Cuttin', and Masta Killa himself, who also served as executive producer. It features guest appearances from Kurupt and Ol' Dirty Bastard.

## Background

When asked about the album's direction, he stated:
   Loyalty Is Royalty is more feature-oriented…it's the kind of material that my fans normally expect me to produce. The people will still get Loyalty Is Royalty. I just felt the need to give them some soul first.

## Track listing
### Notes

* Track 16 is omitted from clean and digital editions of the album.

## Personnel

* Elgin "Masta Killa" Turner – vocals, producer (tracks: 12, 13), arranger, mixing, executive producer
* Ricardo "Kurupt" Brown – vocals (track 7)
* Russell "Ol' Dirty Bastard" Jones – vocals (track 15)
* Ronald "Mathematics" Bean – producer (tracks: 2, 11, 16)
* Toni Falzetta – producer (track 3)
* Christoph Wasser – producer (track 3)
* Jason "Inspectah Deck" Hunter – producer (track 4)
* Felix "P.F. Cuttin'" Rovira – producer (track 5), arranger, mixing
* Dražen "Dash" Kvočić – producer (track 7)
* Matko "Koolade" Šašek – producer (track 8)
* Patrick "9th Wonder" Douthit – producer (track 9)
* Blackinati – producer (track 15)
* Devin Horwitz – executive producer
* Matt Wyatt – design
* Chad Griffith – photography
# In My Element

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| All About Jazz | |
| AllMusic | |
| PopMatters | 9/10 |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz | |
| Tom Hull | B+ |
In My Element is the third studio album by American musician Robert Glasper. It was released on March 20, 2007 via Blue Note Records. Recording sessions took place at Systems Two Studios in Brooklyn from September 21, 2006 to November 1, 2006. Production was handled by Glasper himself together with Eli Wolf. It features contributions from Vicente Archer on bass, Damion Reid on drums and spoken word from Reverend Joe Ratliff.
In the United States, the album peaked at number 9 on the Jazz Albums and number 6 on the Traditional Jazz Albums charts.

## Personnel

* Robert Glasper – piano, producer
* Vicente Archer – bass
* Damion Reid – drums
* Reverend Joe Ratliff – voice (track 11)
* Eli Wolf – producer
* Joe Marciano – recording, mixing
* Mike Marciano – mastering
* Max Ross – engineering assistant
* Carla Leighton – art direction, design
* Jessica Chornesky – photography
* Jos L. Knaepen – photography
* Keith Karwelies – A&R
* Gordon H Jee – creative director
* Angelika Beener – project coordinator
* Shanieka D. Brooks – product manager

## Charts

| Chart (2007) | Peak position |
| US Top Jazz Albums (Billboard) | 9 |
# Dominick Luas stop

Dominick (Irish: Doiminic) is a stop on the Luas light-rail tram system in Dublin, Ireland. It opened in 2017 as a stop on Luas Cross City, an extension of the Green Line through the city centre from St. Stephen's Green to Broombridge. It is located on Dominick Street Lower and provides access to Rotunda Hospital, 14 Henrietta Street, and the Dublin Institute of Technology Bolton Street Campus. It is one of only three Luas stops with an island platform. To the south of the stop, trams turn left onto Parnell street on their way into the city centre. To the north, they continue along Dominick street towards Broadstone, on their way to Broombridge.
vte Luas Green Line :
Legend :
# Roberto D'Amico (bobsledder)

Roberto D'Amico (born 2 December 1961) is an Italian bobsledder. He competed in the four man event at the 1988 Winter Olympics.
# Salvatore Gionta

Salvatore Gionta (born 22 December 1930) is an Italian water polo player who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics and in the 1960 Summer Olympics.

## Biography and career

He was born in Formia. In 1952 he was part of the Italian team which won the bronze medal in the Olympic tournament. He played two matches. Eight years later he won the gold medal with the Italian team in the 1960 Olympic tournament. He played two matches and scored two goals.
# Xingye (Zhu Hengjia)

Xingye (22 September – 14 October 1645) was the era name of Zhu Hengjia, Prince of Jingjiang of the Southern Ming. It was used for a total of 23 days.

## Comparison table

| Xingye | 1 |
| AD | 1645 |
| Gānzhī 干支 | Yǐyǒu 乙酉 |

## Other regime eras that existed during the same period

* China
** Shunzhi (順治, 1644–1661): Qing dynasty — era name of the Shunzhi Emperor
** Yongchang (永昌, 1644–1645): Shun dynasty — era name of Li Zicheng
** Dashun (大順, 1644–1646): Xi dynasty — era name of Zhang Xianzhong
* Vietnam
** Phúc Thái (福泰, 1643–1649): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Chân Tông
** Thuận Đức (順德, 1638–1677): Mạc dynasty — era name of Mạc Kính Vũ
* Japan
** Shōhō (正保, 1644–1648): era name of Emperor Go-Kōmyō
# Erdal Keser

Ali Erdal Keser (born 20 June 1961) is a Turkish former professional footballer who is director of sport of Galatasaray. A forward, he played for Borussia Dortmund, Galatasaray, Sarıyer and the Turkey national team.

## Career

Keser was born in Sivas, Turkey but his family moved to Hagen, West Germany, where he grew up. He began his youth career with SSV Hagen. Borussia Dortmund signed him when he was 17 years old and started with the regular squad at the age of 18. He transferred to Galatasaray in 1984–85 season and played there for two seasons. He returned to Borussia Dortmund for the 1986–87 season. He then signed for Sarıyer and became team captain. In 1989, he returned for a second spell at Galatasaray where he played until retirement in 1994.
He was the assistant manager for Eric Gerets at Galatasaray between 2007 and 2009. In May 2015 Keser was announced to be the new manager of Swiss outfit FC Wil.
Keser made 25 appearances for the Turkey national team from 1982 to 1991.
# William Ellicott

William Ellicott (1856 – 25 April 1933) was a British sport shooter who competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics and the 1920 Summer Olympics. At the 1908 Games, he won a bronze and silver medal.
# Manie van Dyk

Manie van Dyk is a South African politician, a former Member of Parliament with the Democratic Alliance, and the Shadow Minister of Public Enterprises.
# Geoff Doidge

Geoffrey Quinton Michael Doidge (26 April 1954 – 11 December 2022) was a South African politician and was South Africa's High Commissioner to Sri Lanka. He previously served as the country's Minister of Public Works from 5 September 2008 to 31 October 2010.

## Career in politics

Doidge was Deputy Chief Whip of the African National Congress (ANC).
In January 2001, he was appointed by the ANC in the place of Andrew Feinstein, as chair of its study group on public accounts and ANC's official spokesman on the National Assembly's public accounts committee.
# Hlengiwe Mgabadeli

Hlengiwe Christophina Mgabadeli is a South African politician who represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly from 2004 to 2014. During her second term in the assembly, from 2009 to 2014, she represented the KwaZulu-Natal constituency and chaired Parliament's Joint Standing Committee on Defence.

## Legislative career

Mgabadeli was elected to an ANC seat in the National Assembly in the 2004 general election. She was re-elected in the next general election in 2009, and the ANC additionally nominated her to chair Parliament's Joint Standing Committee on Defence. In the 2014 general election, she was ranked 32nd on the ANC's provincial party list for KwaZulu-Natal and therefore failed to gain re-election.
In 2019, she returned briefly to the public eye while testifying at the State Capture Commission. Whistleblower Vytjie Mentor, in attempting to provide corroborating evidence for her claim that the Gupta family had offered her a ministerial job in 2010, told the commission that she might have told Mgabadeli about her meeting with the Guptas at the time, both because of a personal friendliness and because of Mgabadeli's committee job. However, Mgabadeli told the commission that she did not recall having heard about the meeting until Mentor made her public allegations years later.
# Ibrahim ibn Sinan

Ibrahim ibn Sinan (Arabic: Ibrāhīm ibn Sinān ibn Thābit ibn Qurra, ابراهيم بن سنان بن ثابت بن قرة; born 295 – 296 AH/c. 908 in Baghdad, died: 334-335 AH/946 in Baghdad, aged 38) was a mathematician and astronomer who belonged to a family of scholars originally from Harran in northern Mesopotamia. He was the son of Sinan ibn Thabit (c. 880 – 943) and the grandson of Thābit ibn Qurra (c. 830 – 901). Like his grandfather, he belonged to a religious sect of star worshippers known as the Sabians of Harran.
Ibrahim ibn Sinan studied geometry, in particular tangents to circles. He made advances in the quadrature of the parabola and the theory of integration, generalizing the work of Archimedes, which was unavailable at the time. Ibrahim ibn Sinan is often considered to be one of the most important mathematicians of his time.
# Dorrance Field

Dorrance Field is the on-campus stadium at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. The venue is home to the North Carolina Tar Heels men's and women's soccer and men's and women's lacrosse teams.
The stadium was constructed on the site of the old Fetzer Field. Construction on the new field began in May 2017 and the stadium opened on March 2, 2019.
The field was named after longtime women's soccer coach Anson Dorrance, officially dedicated on September 29, 2019.