OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Black Tulip

Black Tulip or The Black Tulip may refer to:
* Operation Black Tulip, a 1945 plan to forcibly evict all Germans from the Netherlands
* Black Tulip (Russian: «Чёрный тюльпан»), a nickname for Antonov An-12 transport aircraft used by the Soviet Air Force to repatriate the bodies of deceased soldiers from Afghanistan to the Soviet Union during the Soviet–Afghan War (1979–1989)
* Black Tulip [ru], a common name for the monuments in Russia to commemorate the killed during the Soviet-Afghan War, named after the aircraft
* Black Tulip (Ukrainian:Чорний тюльпан), a Ukrainian volunteer organization whose purpose is to locate the bodies of missing Ukrainian soldiers, and also to exchange the bodies of Russian soldiers for the bodies of Ukrainian soldiers
* The Black Tulip, an 1850 novel
* The Black Tulip, historical novel written by Alexandre Dumas, father
* The Black Tulip (1921 film), a 1921 Dutch film
* The Black Tulip (1937 film), a 1937 British film
* The Black Tulip (1964 film), a 1964 French film
* The Black Tulip (2010 film), a 2010 American film filmed in Afghanistan
* The Black Tulip Festival, a 1920 German silent historical film
# Trust Bank Building

Trust Bank Building is a skyscraper in the Central Business District of Johannesburg, South Africa. It was built in 1970 to a height of 140 metres. The building is the former head office of Trust Bank of South Africa, and as such has one of the largest bank vaults in South Africa. The building was sold in February 2003 for Rand 6.4 million (USD $640,000). Like most skyscrapers in Johannesburg the height is 140m which is the same height as KwaDukuza eGoli Hotel, Michelangelo Towers, ABSA Tower and Standard Bank Centre which are all 140m tall.
# Albertus van der Merwe

Albertus Stephanus van der Merwe (born 3 November 1940) is a retired South African politician who represented the National Party (NP) and New National Party (NNP) in the National Assembly. He was not initially elected in the 1994 general election but joined the assembly during the first democratic Parliament, filling a casual vacancy. He was re-elected to a full term in the 1999 general election as one of the NNP's three representatives in the Free State.
# Marie Uguay

Marie Uguay (April 22, 1955 – October 26, 1981) was a French Canadian poet from the province of Quebec. Her first book of poetry was Signe et rumeur (1976).
She was born in the former town of Ville-Émard. It has become a district of the city of Montreal.
Diagnosed with bone cancer, Uguay had to have her right leg amputated at the age of 21. She was still studying literature at the Université du Québec à Montréal in literature. She died of cancer at the age of 26, on October 26, 1981.
A cultural center in Ville-Émard was named for Uguay after her death. It still operates to day and also includes a public library.

## Childhood

She was named 'Marie Lalonde at birth but eventually took her maternal grandfather's surname in his honor. He was a violin teacher, an amateur in literature, and she viewed him as a role model.
She began writing very early, first stories for her pleasure. Soon she began writing poetry, appreciating how full of life a text could become through poetic verses.

## Work

Uguay's poetry is marked by her reflections on Québec separatism, the feminist movement, and on her illness. The critic Ben Libman has compared Uguay's prodigious brilliance to that of John Keats and Jules Laforgue. He writes "What astonishes about Uguay’s poetry, then, is not the maturity that, despite itself, is youthful but the youthfulness that, despite itself, is mature."
# Remicourt Aerodrome

Remicourt Aerodrome was a temporary World War I airfield in France, used by both the French Air Service and the Air Service, United States Army. It was located 32 miles (51 km) west-southwest of Verdun, in the Marne (department) in north-eastern France.

## Overview

The airfield was built during the late summer of 1918, perhaps initially for the French air service, as "Noirlieu" airfield, and used by two of its "escadrilles" in July–September. Before any American squadron flew in, the VII Corps Observation Group set up its headquarters on the airfield, where it stayed until 23 November. On 20 September 1918, I Corps Observation Group arrived at the airfield, with HQ and its three squadrons; 1st, 12th and 50th Aero Squadrons, ready to support the Meuse-Argonne Offensive with reconnaissance and battlefield observation missions in which its Salmson 2A2 aircraft were in much demand, with aerial photography, observer notes and artillery adjustments over the front. The group moved to Julvecourt Aerodrome on 5 November in order to operate closer to the fast moving front lines, towards north and east.
After VII Corps Observation Group's HQ had left, the airfield was turned over to the French Air Service and soon returned to agricultural use. Today it is a series of cultivated fields located west of Remicourt . The airfield was located to the north of the Départmental 54 (D54), with no indications of its wartime use.

## Known units assigned

* Headquarters, VII Corps Observation Group, 30 August – 23 November 1918
* Headquarters, I Corps Observation Group, 21 September – 5 November 1918
** 1st Aero Squadron (Observation) 21 September – 5 November 1918
** 12th Aero Squadron (Observation) 20 September – 3 November 1918
** 50th Aero Squadron (Observation) 24 September – 28 October 1918
# WMFD-TV

WMFD-TV (channel 68) is an independent television station in Mansfield, Ohio, United States. It is owned by Mid-State Television, Inc., along with sister radio stations WVNO-FM (106.1) and WRGM (1440 AM/106.7 FM). The stations share studios on Park Avenue West in Ontario, Ohio (with a Mansfield mailing address), where WMFD-TV's transmitter is also located.
WMFD-TV is available on digital cable systems in the north central Ohio area and seen in the Cleveland market via Spectrum cable, DirecTV and Dish Network.

## History

The station first signed on the air on January 10, 1986, as WCEO-TV, originally broadcasting on UHF channel 68. It changed its call letters to WCOM on July 24, 1987. The station attempted to enter the Columbus market by construction with a tall transmitter tower (the tallest ever erected in Ohio) south of Mansfield in Butler, but it never achieved cable carriage in the market and shut down in 1989.
Channel 68 returned to the air under the current WMFD-TV call letters on June 1, 1992; this time, targeting viewers in north-central Ohio (the WMFD-TV callsign was previously used on what is now WECT in Wilmington, North Carolina, from that station's sign-on in 1954 until 1958).

## Programming

As the only full-power television station specifically serving the Mid-Ohio region, WMFD concentrates on local programming such as Bon Appetit: The Dining Show and Focus on North Central Ohio.
The station produces local newscasts, branded as NewsWatch, which air Monday through Friday. WMFD also airs Mid-Ohio area high school football and basketball games.
Outside of local programs, the station fills out the remainder of its schedule with syndicated programming and infomercials.

## Technical information
### Subchannels

The station's signal is multiplexed:
Subchannels of WMFD-TV :
| Channel | Res. | Aspect | Short name | Programming |
| 68.1 | 1080i | 16:9 | WMFD-DT | Main WMFD-TV programming |
| 68.2 | 480i | 16:9 | WMFD-DT | 24-Hour Weather |

### Analog-to-digital conversion

WMFD-TV signed on its digital signal on VHF channel 12 in 1998, claiming to be the first independent station in the United States to begin digital television broadcasts. The station shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 68, on June 16, 2008. The station's digital signal continued to broadcast on its pre-transition VHF channel 12.
# Aghaali Ibrahimov

Aghaali Musallim oghlu Ibrahimov (Azerbaijani: Ağaəli Müsəllim oğlu İbrahimov, born February 6, 1946) is an Azerbaijani painter, the secretary of the Union of Artists of Azerbaijan, and a People's Artist of Azerbaijan (2006).

## Biography

Aghaali Ibrahimov was born on February 6, 1946, in Baku. After graduating from high school, he studied at the Azim Azimzade State Art School from 1960 to 1966, and at the Azerbaijan State Art Institute from 1969 to 1974. Since 1966, he has participated in national and international exhibitions, his works have been exhibited in Russia, Turkey, USA, France, Germany, Italy, Great Britain, Syria, Bulgaria and other countries.
Aghaali Ibrahimov has been a member of the Union of Artists of Azerbaijan since 1975.

## Awards

* People's Artist of Azerbaijan — December 29, 2006
* Honored Art Worker of Azerbaijan — May 30, 2002
# Baek Seung-hyun

Baek Seung-hyun (born 7 August 1948) is a South Korean wrestler. He competed in the men's Greco-Roman 52 kg at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
# Joseph Pepé

Joseph Pepé (5 March 1881 – 29 September 1970) was an English sport shooter who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics for Great Britain. In 1912 he won the gold medal with the British team in the team 50 metre small-bore rifle competition and the silver medal in the team 25 metre small-bore rifle event. In the 25 metre small-bore rifle competition he finished fourth and in the 50 metre rifle, prone event he finished 14th.
# Chenini Member

The Chenini Member is a geological member of the Ain el Guettar Formation in Tunisia, whose strata date back to the Late Aptian to Early Albian stages of the Cretaceous period. The lithology consists of coarse sandstones with occasional conglomerates and mudstones. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.

## Vertebrate paleofauna

The Chenini Member during the Early Cretaceous period was a marsh-like swampy habitat. The most famous dinosaur discoveries made here include Carcharodontosaurus and Spinosaurus.
Theropods of the Chenini member :
| Genus | Species | Notes |
| Spinosaurus | S.cf. aegyptiacus | A spinosaurid theropod |
| Carcharodontosaurus | C. saharicus | A carcharodontosaurid theropod |
| Sauropoda | Sauropoda indet. | |
| Iguanodontia | Iguanodontia indet. | |
Pterosaurs of the Chenini member :
| Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
| Ornithocheiridae | Ornithocheiridae indet. | | | | |
# Frik van Heerden

Frederik Jacobus "Frik" van Heerden is a retired South African politician. He represented the National Party (NP) in the apartheid-era House of Assembly from 1987 to 1994 and in the National Assembly from 1994 to 1999.

## Legislative career

Van Heerden represented the NP in the all-white House of Assembly from 1987 to 1994. In South Africa's first post-apartheid elections in 1994, he was elected to represent the party in the new National Assembly. He left Parliament in April 1999, shortly before the 1999 general election.

## Lawsuit

In 2004, van Heerden sued the government, challenging its policy of contributing more money to the pensions of post-1994 MPs than to the pensions of apartheid-era MPs. Van Heerden purported to bring the suit on behalf of 145 other similarly placed former MPs. Although the Cape High Court agreed with him that the pensions policy was discriminatory and unconstitutional, the Constitutional Court struck down the lower court's ruling on appeal in Minister of Finance v Van Heerden.
# Choi Suchol

Choi Suchol (Korean: 최수철; born May 13, 1958) is a South Korean author.

## Life

Choi Suchol was born on May 13, 1958, in Chuncheon, South Korea. After attending Chuncheon High School, Choi received undergraduate and graduate degrees in French Literature from Seoul National University. His doctoral dissertation was on the writings of Michel Butor. He debuted in 1981 by winning the New Spring Literary Contest sponsored by The Chosun Ilbo with his story "Blindspot" (Maengjeom). He has also taught Creative Writing at Hanshin University.

## Work

The point of departure for Choi Suchol's fiction is the claim that genuine communication has become impossible in the print culture of the modern age, and he is known for the abstruse quality of his works. This claim forms the basis of his early work, "Tower in the Air" (Gongjung nugak), which features a protagonist who desires but cannot communicate with the world. "A Meditation on Sounds" (Sorie daehan myeongsang), "A Consideration of the Eyes" (Siseon go), and "Body Language" resurrect systems of meaning inscribed onto the physical body itself as possible alternatives to the written language. The search for a means of communication that predates actual language continues in "The Beginning of Story, Record, Fossil" (Hwadu, girok, hwaseok), The Death of an Anarchist (Eoneu mujeongbu juuijaui jugeum), The Mural Painter (Byeokhwa geurineun namja) and "Crucible of Ice" (Eoreumui dogani, 1993). Choi Suchol's method is often clinical; he dissects or lengthens observed phenomena and reconstructs them in a way that deliberately flouts the principle of recognizability. His search for alternative means of communication is predicated on the desire to achieve sympathetic understanding with other beings, a desire he views as being frustrated in the modern world of overdetermined signs.

## Works in Translation

* 一个无政府主义者的爱情 (어느 무정부주의자의 사랑)

## Works in Korean (Partial)

Short Story Collections
* Tower in the Air (1985)
* Background and Outline (Baegyeonggwa yungwak, 1987)
* The Beginning of a Story
* Record, Fossil (1987)
* Intimate Stories of the Body (Mome daehan eunmilhan iyagideul)
Novels
* Belly of a Whale (Gorae baetsogeseo, 1989)
* The Death of an Anarchist (1990)
* The Mural Painter (1992)

## Awards

* Yi Sang Literary Award (1993)
# Fruta de Leite

Fruta de Leite is a municipality in the northeast of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. As of 2020 the population was 5,299 in a total area of 758 km$^2$ (293 sq mi). The elevation is 910 metres (2,990 ft). It became a municipality in 1997. The postal code (CEP) is 39558-000.
Fruta de Leite is part of the statistical microregion of Salinas. It lies just north of the important federal highway BR-251, which links Montes Claros to the Rio-Bahia (BR-116).
Due to isolation and poor soils this is one of the poorest municipalities in the state and in the country. The main economic activities are cattle raising (31,000 head in 2006) and farming with modest production of coffee, oranges, mangoes, corn, sugarcane, and bananas. In 2006 there were 989 rural producers and a total agricultural area of 17,919 hectares (44,280 acres). Cropland made up 1,700 hectares (4,200 acres). There were only two tractors. In the urban area there were no financial institutions as of 2006. There were 85 automobiles, giving a ratio of about one automobile for every 75 inhabitants. Health care was provided by three public health clinics. Educational needs were met by nine primary schools and one middle school. There were no hospitals.
Municipal Human Development Index
* MHDI: .586 (2000)
* State ranking: 845 out of 853 municipalities
* National ranking: 4,897 out of 5,138 municipalities
* Life expectancy: 67
* Literacy rate: 55
* Combined primary, secondary and tertiary gross enrolment ratio: .736
* Per capita income (monthly): R$55.76
# Peters Park

Peters Park may refer to:
* Peters Park (Atlanta), a failed project to build one of Atlanta's first garden suburbs, now the site of the Georgia Tech campus
* Peters Park (Boston), a neighborhood in Boston
# Jana Aastha National Weekly

The Jana Aastha National Weekly is a weekly tabloid published in Nepal.It generally publishes opinions and breaking news stories.Its background is tilted to the left ideology but it is known for exposing the irregularities of the left movement as well & believes in positive reporting for peace & development.Jana Astha has the largest circulation among the weeklies all over the country and it leads 80 percent of the print media of Nepal,this has been certified by the Nepalese government's Audit Bureau of Circulation (ABC). It"s editor in chief Kishor Shrestha had represented editors in Regulatory body Press Council Nepal as chairman for 3 & half years,which is an active member of the World Association of Press Councils (WAPC).He is currently the secretary general of world association of press councils (WAPC).He was jailed twice during the autocratic Panchayat regime.Shrestha has worked in the media sector for more than 36 years and served as an advisor to the ministry of information & communications in 1998,he started career in media profession while he was 16 years old,Jana Astha has a history of over 30 years which has its own online newsportal www.janaaastha.com.you may have access of jana aastha news through the platform of social medias like facebook,X,Tiktak,blue sky & instagram. Jana Aastha online has 36 K likes & 46 K Followers in facebook likewise 9168 followers & 200K likes in Tiktak. (Updated on 2024 november 27)
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# Dali Podiashvili

Dali Podiashvili (sometimes Fodiashvili) (Georgian: დალი ფოდიაშვილი) (born 27 January 1948) is a Georgian painter.
A native of Tbilisi, Podiashvili studied at the Nikoladze Art School in that city from 1963 until 1968. In the latter year she matriculated at the Tbilisi State Academy of Arts, from which she graduated in 1974. In 1986 she joined the Artists' Union. In addition to working as a painter, she has taught art. She continues to exhibit her work throughout Georgia. Several of her paintings may be found in the collection of the Georgian Museum of Fine Arts.
# Visa policy of Guinea-Bissau

Visitors to Guinea-Bissau must obtain a visa, either on arrival or in advance at one of the Guinea-Bissau diplomatic missions, unless they are nationals of a visa-exempt country.

## Visa exemption

Citizens of the following 14 countries and territories can visit Guinea-Bissau without a visa for an indefinite period of stay:
| Benin  Burkina Faso  Cabo Verde  Côte d'Ivoire  Gambia  Ghana  Guinea | Liberia  Mali  Niger  Nigeria  Senegal  Sierra Leone  Togo |
* Date of visa changes
* 30 April 1980: Economic Community of West African States: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo
Holders of diplomatic or service passports issued to nationals of Community of Portuguese Language Countries: Angola, Brazil, Cabo Verde, Mozambique, Portugal, Sao Tome and Principe, Vietnam do not require a visa for an indefinite period of stay.
Guinea-Bissau signed a visa exemption agreement with Serbia for holders of diplomatic, official and special passports in April 2023 and it is yet to enter into force.

## Visa on arrival

Citizens of all other countries that are not visa-exempt may obtain a visa on arrival in Guinea-Bissau, valid for a maximum stay of 90 days.
# Ahmed Makarfi

Ahmed Mohammed Makarfi (born 8 August 1956) is a Nigerian politician who is a former chairman of the Peoples Democratic Party. He was governor of Kaduna State from 29 May 1999 to 29 May 2007, and was elected Senator for Kaduna North senatorial district in April 2007. He is a member of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP).

## Early life and education

Born in Makarfi, Makarfi Local Government Area of Kaduna State (then part of the Northern Region), he attended primary school from 1965 to 1973. He then attended the Federal Government College Enugu from 1973 to 1978. In 1979, Makarfi was admitted to the School of Basic Studies at Ahmadu Bello University in Zaria where he obtained a Bachelor of Science degree in Accounting. He was a part-time Lecturer in the Department of Accounting from 1987 to 1993. During this time, he received a Master of Science degree in Accounting and Finance.

## Career

Makarfi started his working career at the Nigeria Universal Bank, where he rose to the rank of Assistant General Manager. He held many ad hoc responsibilities during this period. In 1994, he was appointed to the Kaduna State Executive Council as Honorable Commissioner of Finance and Economic Planning before returning to the private sector.
He became a member of the Board of Trustees at the Institute for Peace and Conflict Resolution in Abuja as well as its Director of Finance and Administration.
Makarfi was elected governor of Kaduna State in 1999 and won a second four-year term in 2003. In April 2007, he was elected Senator in the Nigerian Senate representing Kaduna North Senatorial District (which includes Makarfi, Kudan, Sabon gari, Zaria, Ikara, Soba, Lere and Kubau Local Government Areas). In the April 2011 elections, Makarfi ran for reelection on the PDP platform and was elected. In 2016, Makarfi was appointed PDP national Chairman at a Convention held in Port Harcourt.

## PDP Crisis

In 2017, Makarfi was removed as PDP Chairman and Ali Modu Sheriff was declared chairman, but after a five-man Apex Court verdict, Makarfi was reinstated as National PDP Chairman.
In June 2018, Makarfi declared that he was joining "capable party men and women" in the contest for the main opposition's presidential nomination for the 2019 general election. He said it was only fair he joins the race after a wide consultation with his party's men and women and other stakeholders. Makarfi was one of the 12 candidates that contested for the PDP nomination at a convention held in Port Harcourt on 6 November 2018. Of the 12 candidates that ran for the nomination, four candidates including Makarfi himself were from North Western states. Aminu Tambuwal (Sokoto State), Rabiu Kwankwaso (Kano State), Attahiru Bafarawa (Sokoto State) are the other candidates form the region. Analysts predicted that the huge number of candidates from the region would split delegate votes from the region among the contestants giving advantage to popular candidates from other regions over them. In the PDP primary, Makarfi clinched a distant 5th position behind Atiku Abubakar the winner of the election. The disappointing result from the primary ended his presidential run in 2019.