OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Novator 9M729

The Novator 9M729 (SSC-8) is a cruise missile developed by NPO Novator in Russia. It gained significant attention when it led to the denunciation of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF Treaty) by the United States secretary of state Mike Pompeo in August 2019.

## History

The 9M729 missile class was initially banned by the INF Treaty, which was signed in December 1987. By November 1990, six launchers containing 84 missiles were deployed at the Missile/Launcher Storage in Jelgava, located in Soviet Latvia. However, these launchers and missiles were subsequently destroyed.
In early 2017, US officials, along with analyst Jeffrey Lewis, alleged that Russia was violating the INF Treaty through the deployment of the 9M728 (SSC-7) and 9M729 (SSC-8) missiles as part of the Iskander missile system. These missiles were regarded as variants of the earlier SS-C-4. According to US officials, two missile battalions equipped with the SSC-8 missiles were deployed by February 14, 2017, in violation of the INF Treaty. Each battalion was composed of four launchers, with each launcher carrying potentially nuclear-tipped cruise missiles. One battalion was believed to be stationed at Kapustin Yar near Volgograd, while the location of the other battalion remained unknown at the time.
In February 2019, the German newspaper Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung reported that, in addition to the known missile and battalion locations, namely the launch pad at Kapustin Yar and Yekaterinburg, two more sites were equipped with these missiles: Mozdok in North Ossetia and Shuya near Moscow. Each of the four battalions was equipped with four-axle Transporter Erector Launchers (TELs), with each TEL carrying four missiles. Consequently, Russia was believed to possess a total of 64 SSC-8 missiles that could be armed with either conventional or nuclear warheads.
In December 2017, the US National Security Council claimed that the 9M729 cruise missile produced by Novator was believed to be in violation of the INF Treaty. Donald Trump would later abandon compliance with the treaty by the United States in October 2018.

## Description

The 9M729 missile may utilize the Transporter Erector Launcher (TEL) of the 9K720 Iskander missile system, where the system might be referred to as Iskander-K; K referring to the Russian phrase for cruise missile; крылатая ракета. Other reports suggest that six missiles are carried on the MAZ 543 launcher, which is associated with the R-17 (SS-1 'Scud B').
It is believed that the 9M729 is a land-based variant of the Novator Kalibr cruise missile employed by the Russian Navy.
Russia states a range of less than 500km, but media sources claim the missile has an actual range of 2,350 kilometers, and a reduced range of 2,000 kilometers when armed with a 500 kilogram conventional warhead. The difference could be rooted in the Russian complaint about the Mk41 launchers deployed by the US in Poland and Romania as part of its Aegis Ashore program. The US denies the Russian allegation, while Russia dismisses the reported range of its missile as claimed by the media.
# List of TG4 Composers Award recipients

The TG4 Composer of the Year Award is given annually as part of Gradam Ceoil TG4 in Ireland.
The following is a list of the recipients of the award.
* 2001 – Paddy Fahey, County Galway
* 2002 – Brendan Tonra, County Mayo
* 2003 – Vincent Broderick, County Galway
* 2004 – Richie Dwyer, County Cork
* 2005 – Josephine Keegan, County Armagh
* 2006 – Charlie Lennon, County Leitrim
* 2007 – Jim McGrath, County Fermanagh
* 2008 – Peadar Ó Riada, Dublin
* 2009 – Con Fada Ó Drisceoil, County Cork
* 2010 – John Dwyer & Finbarr Dwyer, County Cork
* 2011 – Liz Carroll, Chicago, United States
* 2012 – Paddy O'Brien, County Offaly
* 2013 – Tommy Peoples, County Donegal
* 2017 – Michael Rooney, County Monaghan
* 2019 – Tríona Ní Dhomhnaill, County Meath
* 2020 – Josephine Marsh, County Clare
* 2021 – Steve Cooney, Co. Donegal
* 2022 – Connie O'Connell, Co. Cork
* 2023 – Maurice Lennon, Co. Leitrim
* 2024 – Ryan Molloy, Co. Tyrone

## TG4 Musical Collabroration Award

* 2014 – The Goodman Project
* 2015 – Ensemble Ériu
* 2016 – Our Dear Dark Mountain with the Sky Over It
* 2018 – CONCERT
# Coat of arms of Dresden

The arms of Dresden first appeared on the seal of the city in 1309. The seal may pre-date the oldest existing documents about Dresden from the early 13th century. The arms that depict the lion of Meissen and the pales of Landsberg have ever since been used by the city. The original pales were probably blue, but were later converted to black. From the 16th century the arms were furnished with a helmet and mantling, but these fell in disuse at the beginning to the twentieth century.

## Blazon

Party per pale on a golden shield showing a black lion to dexter and two black pales to sinister. The lion is looking to dexter and has a red tongue. The city's colours are derivatively black and yellow (Or).

## Meaning

The lion represents the Margraviate of Meissen and the pales called the Landsberger Pfähle represent the March of Landsberg, both ruling the city of Dresden.
The coat of arms of Leipzig is very similar but has blue pales.
# Carabus elysii

Carabus elysii is a species of ground beetle in the Carabinae subfamily that is endemic to China. The species have black back and dark reddish pronotum.
Subspecies include:
* Carabus elysii elysii
* Carabus elysii magnificens
* Carabus elysii pulcher
# Lokhta, Cherepovetsky District, Vologda Oblast

Lokhta (Russian: Лохта) is a rural locality (a selo) in Yaganovskoye Rural Settlement, Cherepovetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 19 as of 2002.

## Geography

Lokhta is located 26 km (16 mi) northeast of Cherepovets (the district's administrative centre) by road. Tsarevo is the nearest rural locality.
# Gleb Brussenskiy

Gleb Brussenskiy (Russian: Глеб Брусенский; born 18 April 2000) is a Kazakh professional cyclist, who currently rides for UCI WorldTeam Astana Qazaqstan Team.

## Major results
### 2017

    1st Time trial, National Junior Road Championships
    6th Overall Tour de DMZ

### 2018

    1st Combined team, Summer Youth Olympics
       1st Road race
       2nd Criterium
       10th Short track
    1st Overall Tour de DMZ
       1st Stage 1
    2nd Time trial, National Junior Road Championships

### 2020

    10th Overall Turul României

### 2022

    1st Road race, Asian Under-23 Road Championships
    3rd Road race, National Road Championships

### 2023 (1 pro win)

    1st Road race, Asian Road Championships

### 2024

    National Road Championships
       2nd Road race
       3rd Time trial
# Karuna Kodithuwakku

Karunadasa Kodithuwakku (Sinhala: කරුණාදාස කොඩිතුවක්කු; born 15 June 1961) is a Sri Lankan politician and Member of Parliament.
Kodithuwakku was born on 15 June 1961. He was educated at Horagoda Maha Vidyalaya. He is a businessman.
Kodithuwakku contested the 2020 parliamentary election as a Sri Lanka People's Freedom Alliance electoral alliance candidate in Matara District and was elected to the Parliament of Sri Lanka.
Electoral history of Karuna Kodithuwakku :
| Election | Constituency | Party | Party | Alliance | Alliance | Votes | Result |
| 2020 parliamentary | Matara District | | Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna | | Sri Lanka People's Freedom Alliance | 114,319 | Elected |
# Praetorianism

Praetorianism means excessive or abusive political influence of the armed forces in a country. The word comes from the Roman Praetorian Guard, who became increasingly influential in the appointment of Roman emperors.
Daniel R. Headrick, professor of History and Social Sciences at Roosevelt University, describes praetorianism as a type of militarism oriented to the interior life of a nation, often related to minor countries, that does not aspire to fight or win international wars, but instead to maintain its influence in the domestic political system, controlling decisions that could affect the interests of the military as a corporation, or supporting some particular political faction or party.
In his book Political Order in Changing Societies, the political scientist Samuel P. Huntington uses the term praetorian to designate social orders in which political participation is high relative to their political institutionalization. A low ratio of institutionalization to participation, he argued, would then lead to political decay.
# Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

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# Wendi Stearman

Wendi Stearman is an American politician and member of the Republican Party who has served as a member of the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 11th district from 2020 to 2022. First elected in November 2020, she lost reelection in June 2022 to primary challenger John Kane in the midterm elections. She unsuccessfully ran for the Oklahoma Senate in 2024.

## Early life and education

Stearman was born in Norman, Oklahoma and raised in Collinsville. She attended Pensacola Christian College.

## Oklahoma House of Representatives

She was elected to the Oklahoma House of Representatives in November 2020 and assumed office on January 11, 2021. She also serves as vice chair of the House States' Rights Committee. While in the Oklahoma legislature, Stearman introduced the strictest anti-abortion laws in the nation. She lost her first reelection campaign in 2022 to primary challenger John Kane.

## 2024 Oklahoma Senate campaign

Stearman ran against incumbent state senator Julie Daniels in the 2024 Oklahoma Senate election. She lost the Republican primary with 46% of the vote.

## Personal life

Stearman and her husband have six children.
# Lesnoye, Vologda Oblast

Lesnoye (Russian: Лесное) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Yugskoye Rural Settlement, Cherepovetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 78 as of 2002.

## Geography

Lesnoye is located 5 km (3.1 mi) southwest of Cherepovets (the district's administrative centre) by road. Cherepovets is the nearest rural locality.
# Electron therapy

Electron therapy or electron beam therapy (EBT) is a kind of external beam radiotherapy where electrons are directed to a tumor site for medical treatment of cancer.

## Equipment

Electron beam therapy is performed using a medical linear accelerator. The same device can also be used to produce high energy photon beams. When electrons are required, the X-ray target is retracted out of the beam and the electron beam is collimated with a piece of apparatus known as an applicator or an additional collimating insert, constructed from a low melting point alloy.

## Properties

Electron beams have a finite range, after which dose falls off rapidly. Therefore, they spare deeper healthy tissue. The depth of the treatment is selected by the appropriate energy. Unlike photon beams there is no surface sparing effect, so electron therapy is used when the target extends to the patient's skin.

## Indications

Electron beam therapy is used in the treatment of superficial tumors like cancer of skin regions, or total skin (e.g. mycosis fungoides), diseases of the limbs (e.g. melanoma and lymphoma), nodal irradiation, and it may also be used to boost the radiation dose to the surgical bed after mastectomy or lumpectomy. For deeper regions intraoperative electron radiation therapy might be applied.
# Cigaritis greeni

Cigaritis greeni, Green's silverline, is a species of lycaenid or blue butterfly. It is endemic to Sri Lanka.
# Henry Street, Limerick

Henry Street (Irish: Sráid Anraí) is a street in Limerick, Ireland. The street is named after Edmund Henry Pery, 1st Earl of Limerick who had a house on the street but is currently occupied by the Hibernian Insurance Company. The street runs parallel to the River Shannon (to the west) and O'Connell Street (to the east).
The street was part of Edmund Sexton Pery's plans for Newtown Pery. However, much of the street remained undeveloped in comparison to other areas of Limerick at that time. The Bishop of Limerick’s residence is also found along this street, and opposite the former Bishop’s Palace was the General Post Office. The Franciscan Church, though currently closed, is located on the street and is a fine imposing structure near the junction with Bedford Row. A Presbyterian Church was also previously located on the street near the junction with Mallow Street, now it has been converted into offices.
The old illustrious 1000 seater Savoy Theatre that occupied the block between Bedford Row and Shannon Street was demolished and replaced by the modern 5-star Savoy Hotel in 2008. Dunnes Stores opened a flagship store alongside a multi-storey car park on the site of Spaights (the building it replaced) in 2001.
Since 2000, the street has changed significantly, with the streets aesthetics changed to mirror the development of other streets in the city centre. As of 2024, the street is home to many different mixed developments, such as retail, offices (Gardens International development. 1 Bishops Quay was occupied by Verizon, Holmes, O'Malley & Sexton Solicitors, HAP National Head Office operated by Limerick City and County Council etc.) and apartment blocks on Henry Street and adjacent streets.
There is a plaque dedicated to Seán South outside his birthplace on Henry Street.
# List of airlines of Cape Verde

This is a list of airlines currently operating in Cape Verde:
| Airline | IATA | ICAO | Callsign | Image |
| Cabo Verde Airlines | VR | TCV | CABOVERDE | |
| Cabo Verde Express | | CVE | KABEX | |
# D.A.V. (Boys) Senior Secondary School, Mogappair

D.A.V. (Boys) Senior Secondary School, Mogappair is an all boys school that was established in the year 1989 as a part of D.A.V Group of Schools, Chennai. The school is a sister concern of D.A.V. Boys Senior Secondary School, Gopalapuram. The primary medium of instruction for all non-language subjects is English. The school is managed by the Tamil Nadu Arya Samaj Educational Society, Chennai, a limb of Arya Samaj (Central); Chennai, under the Societies Act XXI of 1860, Sl. No.101 of 1974. The school educates students from LKG to class XII.

## Campus

The school is located amidst a salubrious atmosphere at Mogappair, Chennai. This school is exclusive for Boys and currently hosts around 2750 Boys on its rolls. The Senior Secondary School has 71 class rooms, administrative offices, laboratories, art, Work-Experience, Computer Science sections, a library and a Reading Room. The multipurpose auditorium provides space for two indoor badminton courts and table tennis tables. There is a full-length play field for major games like cricket, football. Well laid courts for volleyball, throw-ball, basketball, etc. are also available. A special play area is reserved for the Nursery kids.

## Academics

D.A.V (Boys) Senior Secondary School, Mogappair ostensibly boasts of consistent and note-worthy academic records since inception, while consistently falling short. The high standard of education offered is justified by the Board Exam results which have always been 100% pass with very high averages in all subjects, and a very large number of students achieving distinction. The results of AISSCE and AISSE held in March 2017 have also been excellent.

## Student life

The school provides avenues for the development of its students. To give ample opportunities to the children to develop leadership qualities and grow into balanced personalities, the prefectorial and the House systems have been a permanent feature. Under the House systems Inter-House Competitions in debating, quiz, essay writing, short-story writing, music, painting etc. are conducted. Inter-House games and athletics form an integral part of the co-curricular activities. The students are encouraged and provided with opportunities to participate in Inter-School Competitions.
# Shouaya

Shouaya (Arabic: شويّا) is a municipality in the Hasbaya District in Lebanon.

## History

In 1838, during the Ottoman era, Eli Smith noted the population of Shuweiya as being Druze and "Greek" Christians.
In 1875 Victor Guérin described it: "Continuing up, I arrive, at six hours forty minutes, at Choueia, another village whose population is similarly composed of Druses and schismatic Greeks. To the east of this village and the plantations of fig trees, vineyards and mulberry trees that surround it, I notice old quarries, which were later transformed into reservoirs, and a little further the remains of a tower antique measuring 12 steps long by 8 wide and built with very considerable blocks, regularly cut. At a short distance from there, several funerary pits dug in the rock are perhaps contemporaneous with this tower, which was intended to protect the road leading on this side to the top of the Great Hermon"

### Modern era

After the 1982 invasion Shouaya became part of Israeli Security Zone. On 8 June 1990 a clash occurred in the area in which four members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) were killed by the South Lebanon Army (SLA).

## Demographics

In 2014 Druze made up 97.13% of registered voters in Shouaya.
# Nail (album)

Nail is the fourth studio album by Scraping Foetus Off the Wheel. It was released in October 1985, through record labels Self Immolation and Some Bizzare.

## Background

The album incorporates a variety of musical genres, including classical and industrial rock, and the lyrics are often esoteric. For example, the tempo and instrumentation in "Descent into the Inferno" is infrequent: the song's first half is sparse and percussive; in the latter stages the song gathers momentum and features synthesizers. "The Overture from Pigdom Come", a composition resembling a classical piece of music, is juxtaposed with perhaps the most brutal track on the album, "Private War", a track that features one minute of various grinding noises.
There are various obscure references within the songs, some more lucid than others. "The Throne of Agony" has the lyrics "Alas, poor Yorick, I knew me well", a paraphrase of a line from Shakespeare's Hamlet (Hamlet: "Alas, poor Yorick! I knew him, Horatio..."). The line "Turn on, tune in, drop out" in "DI-1-9026" refers to the Timothy Leary phrase. Jack and the Beanstalk is also referenced, with a variation of the chant "Fee, fie, foe, fum!" appearing in the final track.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Sounds | |
AllMusic called it "possibly the best Foetus album [...] the sheer range of this music is hard to believe."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by J. G. Thirlwell
    Note: Some CD pressings place "The Throne of Agony" and "!" together on one track.

## Re-issue

In 2007, the album was re-released by Some Bizzare records in a digipack format with remastered audio and re-worked artwork.

## Accolades

| Year | Publication | Country | Accolade | Rank |
| 1995 | Alternative Press | United States | "Top 99 of '85 to '95" | 29 |
| "*" denotes an unordered list. ||||||

## Personnel

* Warne Livesey – production, engineering
* J. G. Thirlwell (as Scraping Foetus Off The Wheel) – instruments, production, illustrations
* Tim Young – mastering

## Charts

| Chart (1985) | Peak position |
| UK Indie Chart | 1 |
# Preston Stinson

Preston Stinson is an American businessman politician who has served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 96th district since 2021.

## Early life

Born in Fort Leonard Wood, MO, and raised in Edmond, OK Stinson remained in the state for his post-secondary education. He holds two finance degrees: a bachelor's degree from the University of Central Oklahoma and an MBA from Oklahoma Christian University.

## Career

Upon completing his education, Stinson founded the Stinson Development Company and became a managing partner of the Filteright.com service. He said he chose to run "at the last minute" because he felt his financial expertise and experience with business could help Oklahoma quickly recover from COVID-19's economic impact. He was formally selected as the successor of Lewis Moore in August 2020. Two weeks after being sworn in, his wife announced that he and his child "attended some events where masks weren't in widespread use" and suffered with COVID. Following this, he encouraged citizens to wear their masks.

## Personal life

Stinson is married to Oklahoma County District Judge Sheila Stinson.
# Leontyevka, Vologda Oblast

Leontyevka (Russian: Леонтьевка) is a rural locality (a village) in Sudskoye Rural Settlement, Cherepovetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 16 as of 2002.

## Geography

Leontyevka is located 41 km (25 mi) west of Cherepovets (the district's administrative centre) by road. Suda is the nearest rural locality.
# Kalicki

Kalicki (feminine: Kalicka; plural: Kaliccy) is a Polish surname. It may refer to:
* Jan Kalicki (1922–1953), Polish mathematician
* Jan Kalicki (drummer), British musician
* Kim Kalicki (born 1997), German bobsledder
* Włodzimierz Kalicki (born 1955), Polish writer
# Kuyasa Kids

The Kuyasa Kids is a choir in South Africa that tours the states to gather sponsors for orphans of the AIDS epidemic. The band Switchfoot has helped them to create a CD which is sold through their own independent label, lowercase people Records.
The choir consists of children from age 8 to as old as about 19. They are from the township of Kayamandi in Stellenbosch, which is about 40 minutes drive from Cape Town.
They tour the states with an organization called Horizon International, which sponsors children that are orphaned by HIV/AIDS.
* This article about music in South Africa is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This article on an African band or other musical ensemble is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Gmelina dalrympleana

Gmelina dalrympleana is a species of plant in the family Lamiaceae. A tree of moist and swampy areas, sometimes on the margins of rainforests. It is found growing in Papua New Guinea and tropical Queensland, in Australia.
# List of airlines of Mali

This is a list of airlines currently operating in Mali:
| Airline | IATA | ICAO | Callsign | Commenced operations | Notes |
| Air Mali | I5 | CMM | CAMALI | 2009 | Rebranded from CAM - Compagnie Aérienne du Mali (2005-2009) |
| Sahel Aviation Service | | | | | |
| SAM Intercontinental | | MMT | | 2008 | |
| Sky Mali | ML | FML | | 2020 | |
| Tombouctou Aviation | | TBA | | 2008 | |
# The Haverstraw Tunnel

The Haverstraw Tunnel is an early black and white silent film released in 1897 by the American Mutoscope Company. It is considered to be one of the first examples of a phantom ride (along with Alexandre Promio's Leaving Jerusalem by Railway the same year) and features a train travelling along the West Shore Railroad in Rockland County, New York and then through the eponymous tunnel.

## Reception

The Haverstraw Tunnel became one of Mutoscope's most popular films. A review of the film was published in a February 1, 1898 Worcester, Massachusetts newspaper that mentioned:
   the famous Haverstraw tunnel picture makes the hit which has been usual with its presentation since the pictures were first put on, and the audiences leave the theater with a feeling that they have seen something unusually fine, which really is the case.
A review appeared in the January 22, 1898 Tatler of St. Augustine, Florida and commented on the effect the film had upon audiences at the Hotel Alcazar at the time:
   When the last scene appeared, and the audience passed by beautiful scenery through Haverstraw tunnel and out again along the banks of the historic Hudson, their enthusiasm was boundless. While the audience was a good one, had the people of St. Augustine had the least idea of what the show would be, the great hall would have been crowded. We bespeak a full house tonight.
# Amata cyssea

Amata cyssea, the handmaiden moth, is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Caspar Stoll in 1782. It is found on the Indian subcontinent and Sri Lanka.