OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eckhard Christian

Eckhard Christian (1 December 1907 – 3 January 1985) was a Luftwaffe officer in World War II, and rose to the rank of Generalmajor. On 2 February 1943, he married Gerda Daranowski who was one of Adolf Hitler's private secretaries during World War II. Christian was captured by British troops on 8 May 1945 and held in custody until 7 May 1947.

## Biography

Eckhard Christian was born in Charlottenburg (Berlin). He first joined the Reichsmarine (German Navy) in 1926. In 1928 and 1929, he attended officer candidate courses. Thereafter, he continued in the navy and obtained the rank of Leutnant zur See (second lieutenant) on 1 October 1930. In 1934, Christian transferred to the Luftwaffe (German Air force) glider school in Warnemünde. He was promoted to the rank of Hauptmann (captain) on 1 April 1935. He was transferred to the Air Ministry in July 1938 and onto the General Staff. On 1 June 1940, he was promoted to major and from 15 January 1941 was attached to Chief of the Armed Forces Command Staff at Adolf Hitler's Führer HQ. Christian was promoted to Oberstleutnant (lieutenant colonel) on 15 March 1942.
It was there at Hitler's HQ that Christian met Gerda "Dara" Daranowski, who was working as one of Adolf Hitler's private secretaries. They were married on 2 February 1943 and Gerda Christian took a break from her employment for Hitler. Her work was taken over by Traudl Junge. Christian was promoted to Oberst (colonel) on 1 March 1943. In mid-1943, Gerda Christian returned to Hitler's staff as one of his private secretaries. After the suicide of Generaloberst Hans Jeschonnek, when the latter was replaced by Günther Korten, Christian was appointed to the Luftwaffe Command Staff at Hitler's request. One year later, he was promoted to Generalmajor and made Chef des Luftwaffe-Führungsstabes (Chief of the Luftwaffe Command Staff) at Hitler's request on 1 September 1944.
In April 1945, Christian was stationed in Berlin at the Führerbunker HQ. He left the bunker complex on 22 April 1945 to become chief of the liaison staff of the Luftwaffe to OKW Command Staff North. His wife, Gerda, was one of two secretaries who volunteered to remain with Hitler in the Führerbunker.
On 8 May 1945, he surrendered to British troops in Mürwik and was held in custody until 7 May 1947. Gerda did not ever reunite with her husband after the war ended. In fact, Gerda divorced Christian in 1946 because he did not remain with her in the Führerbunker until after the death of Hitler. Christian died on 3 January 1985 in Bad Kreuznach.

## Awards

* German Cross in Silver on 10 May 1945 as Generalmajor and chief of the Luftwaffen-Führungsstab and Verbindungskommando zum OKW-Stab
* Iron Cross (1939), 1st and 2nd Class
* War Merit Cross (1939), 1st and 2nd class with Swords
* Narvik Shield
* Order of the Cross of Liberty, 2nd Class with Swords on 18 August 1943
* Flugzeugführerabzeichen
* Wehrmacht Long Service Award (Wehrmacht-Dienstauszeichnung), IV. and III. Class
# Murray Turoff

Murray Turoff (February 13, 1936 – October 28, 2022) was a Distinguished Professor at New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) who was a key founding father of computer-mediated communication.

## Career

Turoff received his B.A. degree in Mathematics and Physics from the University of California at Berkeley in 1958. He received his PhD in Physics from Brandeis University in 1965.
Turoff has served as Chairperson of the Information Systems Department, acting Chairperson of the Computer and Information Science Department as well as Director of Computerized Conferencing and Communications Center during his tenure at NJIT. He was also simultaneously a member of the faculty at Rutgers Graduate School of Management between 1982 and 2005.
Turoff co-founded the Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM) community.
After his retirement he held the title Distinguished Professor Emeritus in the Information Systems Department at New Jersey Institute of Technology.

## Major projects

Turoff was the designer of the Emergency Management Information System And Reference Index (EMISARI), which was the first group communication-oriented crisis management system and which was used for the 1971 Wage Price Freeze and assorted federal crisis events until the mid-1980s. He designed and implemented EIES (Electronic Information Exchange System) as part of a 25-year research program into the design of structured Computer Mediated Communications Systems (CMC) to conduct field trials and evaluations of alternative applications of human communications via computers.

## Publications

He has authored or co-authored 8 books including The Network Nation (with his wife Starr Roxanne Hiltz) which won the TSM Award of the Association of American Publishers for the Best Technical Publication in 1978 which went on to become the defining document and standard reference of its time for the field of computer mediated communication.

## Awards

Turoff was awarded the EFF Pioneer Award in 1994 for "significant and influential contributions to computer-based communications and to the empowerment of individuals in using computers." In 2018 he was inducted into the International Academy for Systems and Cybernetic Sciences.
# Cally Harper Ewing

Calpurnia Elizabeth "Cally" Harper Ewing is a fictional character in the popular American television series Dallas, played by Cathy Podewell from 1988 to 1991. Cally was the second wife of J.R. Ewing. Podewell reprised her role as Cally Harper for J.R.'s funeral episode in the second season of the new Dallas in 2013.

## Storylines

Cally is a waitress at a hotel in Haleyville, Arkansas. J.R. meets her while on a hunting trip with his brother Bobby (Patrick Duffy) and their sons. J.R. gets Cally into bed, but when J.R. is discovered by her crazed brothers, he is arrested and convicted of rape. After Cally's brothers break J.R. out of prison, Cally lies that she might be pregnant, and her brothers force J.R. into a shotgun wedding. J.R. eventually escapes from Haleyville and returns to Dallas, but Cally follows him. She intends to make their marriage work, but finds that J.R. wants nothing to do with her.
Seeking the help of J.R.'s first wife, Sue Ellen (Linda Gray), Cally tricks J.R. into renewing their wedding vows when she claims she is pregnant. J.R. discovers her ruse, but decides to remain married to her, because his son John Ross (Omri Katz) has become fond of her.
The marriage is short-lived. By the time Cally divorces J.R., she really is pregnant with his child. In an attempt to leave J.R., Cally lies that his son James (Sasha Mitchell) is the child's father, and J.R. allows Cally to leave Dallas. After discovering the child's true paternity, J.R. decides to track Cally down and finds that she has created a new life for herself in Florida with their child and her new boyfriend. Realizing how happy Cally is, J.R. decides to leave her in peace.
In the series finale "Conundrum", J.R. dreams of what life would have been like without him. In the dream, Cally is the victim of repeated abuse from a very aggressive husband until she shoots him and has to go to jail.

## Dallas (2012 TV series)

In 2013, J.R. dies (it is later revealed that he was dying of cancer and masterminded/staged what would be believed to be a homicide), and Cally returns to Dallas for the memorial. Sue Ellen, Mandy, and Cally remember their moments with J.R., and how attracted they all were to him. No mention is made of the son she had with J.R. in the original series.

## Reception

When reviewing the release of Dallas: The Complete Twelfth Season on DVD, Paul Mavis of DVD Talk said of the character and actress: "Lush Cathy Podewell is a real find here as the sweet, sexy, kindly Cally Harper Ewing (where's this talented actress now?), and she breathes new life into the tired rehash of plots and characterizations in this twelfth go-around of the long-running night-time soap. Podewell certainly has a way with Larry Hagman (he looks delighted with her company), and their scenes together have an authentic comedic zip".
# Willie Sparks

Willie “Wild” Sparks was a former drummer for the band Graham Central Station. He has also sung vocals and played drums for other artists, including Sly & The Family Stone and Elton John. Willie Sparks died on May 15, 2020.
For a period of 15 years, Sparks was homeless off and on, living in the San Francisco, California area.
# New York State Identification and Intelligence System

The New York State Identification and Intelligence System Phonetic Code, commonly known as NYSIIS, is a phonetic algorithm devised in 1970 as part of the New York State Identification and Intelligence System (now a part of the New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services). It features an accuracy increase of 2.7% over the traditional Soundex algorithm.

## Procedure

The algorithm, as described in Name Search Techniques, is:
* If the first letters of the name are
    'MAC' then change these letters to 'MCC'
    'KN' then change these letters to 'NN'
    'K' then change this letter to 'C'
    'PH' then change these letters to 'FF'
    'PF' then change these letters to 'FF'
    'SCH' then change these letters to 'SSS'
* If the last letters of the name are
    'EE' then change these letters to 'Y␢'
    'IE' then change these letters to 'Y␢'
    'DT' or 'RT' or 'RD' or 'NT' or 'ND' then change these letters to 'D␢'
* The first character of the NYSIIS code is the first character of the name.
* In the following rules, a scan is performed on the characters of the name. This is described in terms of a program loop. A pointer is used to point to the current position under consideration in the name. Step 4 is to set this pointer to point to the second character of the name.
* Considering the position of the pointer, only one of the following statements can be executed.
** If blank then go to rule 7.
** If the current position is a vowel (AEIOU) then if equal to 'EV' then change to 'AF' otherwise change current position to 'A'.
** If the current position is the letter
    'Q' then change the letter to 'G'
    'Z' then change the letter to 'S'
    'M' then change the letter to 'N'
** If the current position is the letter 'K' then if the next letter is 'N' then replace the current position by 'N' otherwise replace the current position by 'C'
** If the current position points to the letter string
    'SCH' then replace the string with 'SSS'
    'PH' then replace the string with 'FF'
** If the current position is the letter 'H' and either the preceding or following letter is not a vowel (AEIOU) then replace the current position with the preceding letter.
** If the current position is the letter 'W' and the preceding letter is a vowel then replace the current position with the preceding position.
** If none of these rules applies, then retain the current position letter value.
* If the current position letter is equal to the last letter placed in the code then set the pointer to point to the next letter and go to step 5. The next character of the NYSIIS code is the current position letter. Increment the pointer to point at the next letter. Go to step 5.
* If the last character of the NYSIIS code is the letter 'S' then remove it.
* If the last two characters of the NYSIIS code are the letters 'AY' then replace them with the single character 'Y'.
* If the last character of the NYSIIS code is the letter 'A' then remove this letter.
# Yumrutaş, Mengen

Yumrutaş is a village in the Mengen District, Bolu Province, Turkey. Its population is 89 (2021).
# Wiggo Hanssen

Wiggo Kay Hanssen (17 July 1923 – 13 December 2007) was a Norwegian speed skater who competed in the 1952 Winter Olympics. He was born in Tromøy and died in Arendal.
In 1952 he finished ninth in the 5000 metres competition.
# Giuseppe Miccoli

Giuseppe Miccoli (born 21 November 1961) is a former Italian male long-distance runner who competed at five editions of the IAAF World Cross Country Championships at senior level (from 1986 to 1991). He won two national championships at senior level (1987, 1988).
# Arne Røgden

Arne Røgden (16 May 1917 - 1 January 2002) was a Norwegian bobsledder who competed during the 1950s. Competing in two Winter Olympics, he earned his best finish of 11th in the four-man event at Cortina d'Ampezzo in 1956.
He was born in Oslo and died in Bærum.
# Johan Gelderblom

Johan Pieter Gelderblom is a South African retired politician. A former member of the New National Party, he served as a party representative in the Western Cape Provincial Parliament. From 2001 to 2004, he served as the Western Cape Minister of Agriculture and Tourism, and Environmental Affairs. After the 2004 election, he became the chairperson of the provincial parliament's Standing Committee on Public Accounts (SCOPA). He joined the African National Congress in 2005. Gelderblom served as an ANC MP from 2009 to 2014.

## Education

Gelderblom graduated from Stellenbosch University with a Bachelor of Arts Honours degree in 1975.

## Political career

Gelderblom was elected to the Western Cape Provincial Parliament as a representative of the New National Party. He served as chair of the Standing Committee on Community Safety & Economic Affairs. In December 2001, Gelderblom was appointed by NNP premier Peter Marais as the Minister of Agriculture, Tourism and Gambling. Geldemblom remained in his position following NNP leader Marthinus van Schalkwyk's election as premier. He later took over the Environment Affairs and Development Planning portfolio following David Malatsi's departure from the executive.
Following the NNP's poor performance in the 2004 election, there was uncertainty on whether Gelderblom would remain in his position. The newly elected premier Ebrahim Rasool from the African National Congress did not reappoint Gelderblom to the provincial cabinet. Gelderblom was instead appointed as the Chairperson of the Standing Committee on Public Accounts (SCOPA). During the 2005 floor crossing period, Gelderblom crossed the floor and joined the ANC.
In 2007, he was appointed as the Chairperson on Social Development and Heath Committee. Gelderblom was elected as an ANC Member of Parliament in the National Assembly. During his time in parliament, he served on the Standing Committee on Appropriations. In 2011, he was elected onto the ANC's provincial executive committee in the Western Cape. Gelderblom was not placed on the ANC candidate lists for the 2014 elections, and he left the National Assembly on 6 May 2014.
# Kheti

Kheti or Khety was an Ancient Egyptian name, borne by pharaohs and other nobility.
The name may refer to:

## Pharaohs of the 9th or 10th Dynasty

* Meryibre Khety, a pharaoh of the First Intermediate Period
* Nebkaure Khety, a pharaoh of the First Intermediate Period
* Wahkare Khety, a pharaoh of the First Intermediate Period
* Khety III, purported author of the Teaching for King Merykara, a treatise on kingship

## Nobles

* Khety I (nomarch), in Asyut during the 9th or 10th Dynasty
* Khety II (nomarch), in Asyut during the 10th Dynasty and grandson of Khety I
* Khety (BH17), nomarch in Men'at Khufu during the 11th Dynasty, buried in Beni Hasan
* Kheti (treasurer), during the 11th Dynasty
* Kheti, vizier famous for his impartiality, mentioned in the Installation of the Vizier and possibly to be identified with the one below
* Kheti (vizier), c. 1800 BC, under Amenemhat III of the 12th Dynasty, mentioned in a papyrus found at Lahun
* Khety (M12.3), an officer during the late 12th Dynasty
* Kheti, or Dua-Kheti, author of The Satire of the Trades
# Muhammad Amin Zaki

Muhammed Amin Zaki Bey, (1880 Sulaymaniyah –1948 Sulaymaniyah), was a Kurdish writer, historian and politician. He was born in Sulaimaniya, son of Hagi Abdul Rahman. After studying in Sulaimaniya Military School and Baghdad Military High School, on 10 February 1902, he graduated from the Ottoman Military Academy (P. 1317-23) as the 23rd of the class and joined the Ottoman Army as Infantry Second Lieutenant (Mülâzım-ı Sani ). He graduated from the Ottoman Military College (Staff College) at Istanbul as distinguished officer (Mümtaz subayı ) on 11 January 1905. And then he served as a staff officer (major) in the Ottoman Army. He left his last duty at the Military history department on 23 July 1923 for Baghdad, and started to give lecture at the Iraqi Military Academy. He also served in the Iraqi administration under the British mandate in the 1920s and was appointed as Defence Minister in 1928. His two-volume book on history of the Kurdish people and states is one of the acclaimed works on this subject and has been translated into several languages including Arabic and English. He was the president of the Chamber of Deputies from December 1944 to June 1946. He died in Sulaimaniyah in July 1948.

## Books

His books were in Kurdish, Arabic and Turkish. His works primarily focused on Kurdish history, and include:
* A Short History of the Kurds and Kurdistan, in two volumes, Dar al-Islami Publishers, Baghdad, 1931. (in Kurdish: Tarîxî Kurd û Kurdistan, Kurmancî: Dîroka Kurd û Kurdistanê ) Vol.I: From the Antiquity to the Present., Vol.II: History of the Kurdish States and Principalities.
* Meşahirî Kurd
* Tarîxî Silêmani

## Political life

Zeki was MP of Sulaymaniyah on a number of occasions. He also served as a minister in different portfolios:
* Transport minister (1925-1927)
* Education minister (1927-1928)
* Defence minister (1929)
* Economics and finance minister (1931)
# Mount Bute

Mount Bute, also known as Bute Mountain, is a 2,810-metre (9,220-foot) mountain located in the Coast Mountains of British Columbia, Canada. Situated at the southern extreme of the Homathko Icefield, Mount Bute has an impressive 800-metre sheer granite west face, and Bute Glacier dominates the north aspect. This imposing mountain is visible from Waddington Harbour at the head of Bute Inlet, in a remote wilderness area that few visit. Its nearest higher peak is Mount Grenville, 13.0 km (8.1 mi) to the east-northeast. Mount Grenville is the highest summit of the icefield. Mount Bute is 63.0 km (39.1 mi) southeast of Mount Waddington, the highest peak of the entire Coast Mountains range.

## History

Like Bute Inlet, the mountain was named in 1792 by Captain George Vancouver to honor John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute who was Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1762 to 1763. Stuart's grandson Charles Stuart was a master's mate on George Vancouver's Discovery. The mountain's toponym was officially adopted in 1963 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Bute is located in a marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Coast Mountains where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall. As a result, the Coast Mountains experience high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. Precipitation runoff from Mount Bute drains into the Southgate River which empties into Bute Inlet, except where the Bute Glacier meltwater drains into Galleon Creek.

## Climbing

The imposing west face was first climbed in 1986 by Greg Foweraker and Don Serl. The second ascent was accomplished three days later by Fred Beckey, Kit Lewis, and Jim Nelson.
The School of Rock route (YDS 5.11 50 pitches) was first climbed in 2009 by Jimmy Martinello, Bruce Kay, and Jason Sinnes.
# Boris Andreyev (cosmonaut)

Boris Dmitriyevich Andreyev (Russian: Борис Дмитриевич Андреев; 6 October 1940 – 9 July 2021) was a Soviet cosmonaut. He retired in 1983 for medical reasons and subsequently did not fly on any missions into space. He was, however, given backup assignments on several flights.

## Biography
### Early life and education

Andreyev was born in Moscow, present day Russia, on October 6, 1940. He graduated from Moscow Bauman-Highschool with an engineering diploma in 1964.

### Cosmonaut career

Andreyev was selected as a Soviet cosmonaut in March 1972. Although he never flew into space, he served as a backup crew member on the Soyuz 16, Soyuz 32, Soyuz 35, and Soyuz T-4 missions. He retired from the space program in September 1983 for medical reasons following a parachuting incident. He then worked in the flight control center as capsule communicator.

### Death

Boris Andreyev died in Korolyov, Moscow Oblast on 9 July 2021, at the age of 80.
# Peggy Pope

Florence Margaret "Peggy" Pope (May 15, 1929 – May 27, 2020) was an American actress of stage, television and film.

## Early life

Pope was born in Montclair, New Jersey. Her father was a notable doctor in the area. She graduated from Smith College.

## Television

Pope made many acting appearances, including in such series as The Trials of O'Brien, Bewitched, and Barney Miller. Her national professional debut came in a touring troupe of Mister Roberts.

## Film

Pope is likely best-remembered, if not by name, as "the office lush", and later, recovering alcoholic, Margaret Foster, in the 1980 movie 9 to 5. She also had a small role as Elvira in the 1984 science fiction movie The Last Starfighter. A year later, she appeared in Once Bitten as Mark Kendall's mother. In 2008, she appeared as Sister Angela in Clark Gregg's Choke.

## Stage

Pope's Broadway credits include Doctor Jazz (1975), The School for Wives (1971), Harvey (1970), The Rose Tattoo (1966), Viva Madison Avenue! (1960), The Long Dream (1960), and Moonbirds (1959).
She appeared in the rotating cast of the Off-Broadway staged reading of Wit & Wisdom.

## Awards

Pope won an Obie Award for Best Actress in 1968 for her performance in Muzeeka. She guest starred on numerous television series, including Bewitched, Hart to Hart, Eight Is Enough, Barney Miller (in 6 episodes), Soap, The Golden Girls, Hope & Faith and Law & Order.

## Personal life

Pope was married once; the union ended in divorce.
At one time, when Pope was unable to find steady acting work, she and fellow actress Renée Taylor began a furniture business, refinishing and selling items that they found along sidewalks.
Upon her death, she was cremated at the Northern Colorado Crematory in Greeley, Colorado; her ashes were later scattered.