OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Written on Her

"Written on Her" is a song by American rapper Birdman featuring British singer Jay Sean. It was released as a single on June 23, 2009. The song was produced by Oddz N Endz, and samples the Deadmau5 remix of "The Longest Road" by Morgan Page featuring Lissie.
The song was first played during an interview on Westwood Radio 1 with Birdman and Jay Sean. It was only an iTunes Store bonus track for the 2009 album Priceless. However, the remix featuring Flo Rida and Mack Maine was included in the deluxe version of the album.
'Written on Her' became Birdman's first British single, when released digitally in the UK on December 7, 2009.

## Music video

The music video was premiered on YouTube on August 14, 2009. The video was produced alongside the video for "Down." The video was filmed in Buckinghamshire in a mansion, an enormous private mansion and park where Mark Ronson hosted his 33rd birthday and the place where The Golden Compass was filmed. UK models Bianca Simmone and Maysoon Shaladi make an appearance. On September 22, 2009, was the video added to MTV, MTV2 & BET.

## Remix

The official remix features original collaborator Jay Sean and new verses by Flo Rida and Mack Maine. It was included in the deluxe edition of the album. However, the iTunes version of the remix does not feature Flo Rida.

## Charts

| Chart (2009) | Peak position |
| US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles (Billboard) | 19 |
| US Hot Rap Songs (Billboard) | 17 |
| US Rhythmic (Billboard) | 16 |
# Matalon–Matkowsky–Clavin–Joulin theory

The Matalon–Matkowsky–Clavin–Joulin theory refers to a theoretical hydrodynamic model of a premixed flame with a large-amplitude flame wrinkling, developed independently by Moshe Matalon & Bernard J. Matkowsky and Paul Clavin & Guy Joulin, following the pioneering study by Paul Clavin and Forman A. Williams and by Pierre Pelcé and Paul Clavin. The theory, for the first time, calculated the burning rate of the curved flame that differs from the burning rate of the planar flame due to flame stretch, associated with the flame curvature and the strain imposed on the flame by the flow field.

## Burning rate formula

According to Matalon–Matkowsky–Clavin–Joulin theory, if $S_{L}$ and $\delta _{L}$ are the laminar burning speed and thickness of a planar flame (and $\tau _{L}=D_{T,u}/S_{L}^{2}$ be the corresponding flame residence time with $D_{T,u}$ being the thermal diffusivity in the unburnt gas), then the burning speed $S_{T}$ for the curved flame with respect to the unburnt gas is given by
    ${\frac {S_{T}}{S_{L}}}=1+{\mathcal {M}}_{c}\delta _{L}\nabla \cdot \mathbf {n} +{\mathcal {M}}_{s}\tau _{L}\mathbf {n} \mathbf {n} :\nabla \mathbf {v}$
where $\mathbf {n}$ is the unit normal to the flame surface (pointing towards the burnt gas side), $\mathbf {v}$ is the flow velocity field evalauted at the flame surface and ${\mathcal {M}}_{c}$ and ${\mathcal {M}}_{s}$ are the two Markstein numbers, associated with the curvature term $\nabla \cdot \mathbf {n}$ and the term $\mathbf {n} \mathbf {n} :\nabla \mathbf {v}$ corresponding to flow strain imposed on the flame.
# Hannes Combrinck

Johannes Jacobus "Hannes" Combrinck (7 April 1971 – 25 July 2020) was a South African politician, civil servant and farmer who represented the Northern Cape in the National Assembly from 2004 to 2009. He represented the African National Congress (ANC), which he joined in 1998 after becoming disillusioned with the National Party. He later served as Speaker of Dawid Kruiper Local Municipality from 2009 to 2011 and was still working in municipal administration in the Northern Cape when he died in 2020.

## Early life and career

Combrinck was born on 7 April 1971 and was an Afrikaner from Karos on the banks of the Orange River in the former Cape Province. After matriculating, he completed mandatory military service with the South African Defence Force and then started work in Upington, where he became involved in politics through the youth council of the National Party (NP), which governed South Africa during apartheid. He later said that his military service had made him question the apartheid system, given that the government spent money not on the poor people of the Cape but "on a war. And for what?"
Combrinck later became a farmer in Karos, harvesting 60 hectares of grapes, cotton, and maize. The NP was restyled as the New National Party (NNP) in 1997, during the post-apartheid transition, and Combrinck was chairperson of its youth council branch in Gordonia in July 1998 when he defected to join the African National Congress (ANC) Youth League. He said that he was frustrated that the NNP "still spoke of 'the blacks' and 'the coloureds', they didn't talk of us all working together". He worked his way up the ranks of the ANC to join the regional executive of the party's Siyanda region in 2003.

## Parliament: 2004–2009

In the 2004 general election, Combrinck, then aged 33, was elected to represent the Northern Cape constituency in the National Assembly, ranked first on the ANC's provincial party list. He served a full term in the seat, leaving after the next general election in 2009.

## Local government: 2009–2020

After leaving Parliament, Combrinck represented the ANC as a local councillor in the Dawid Kruiper Local Municipality, where he served as Speaker from 2009 to 2011. In October 2011, he was appointed as a manager in the mayor's office in ZF Mgcawu District Municipality in Sibanda, where he worked at the time of his death in 2020.

## Death

Combrinck died on 25 July 2020 at home in Karos, aged 49 from COVID-19.
# Strike Entertainment

Strike Entertainment was an American production company founded in 2002 by Marc Abraham, Thomas Bliss and Eric Newman. Strike's films were distributed through Universal Studios as well as various other majors. Its first film produced was The Rundown starring The Rock. The company was dissolved in March 2013.

## Company history

In March 2013, Marc Abraham, Thomas Bliss and Eric Newman dissolved Strike Entertainment after 11 years as a Universal-based production company. The Universal first-look deal dissolved the company in Spring 2013, which marked the end of a 15-year tenure at the studio for Abraham and Newman. Abraham and Newman said the partnership simply ran its course and that the parting is amicable. They will continue to work together on a project they still have percolating under the Strike banner.

## List of Strike Entertainment Films

* The Rundown (2003)
* Bring It On Again (2004)
* Dawn of the Dead (2004)
* Let's Go to Prison (2006)
* Children of Men (2006)
* Slither (2006)
* The Water Horse: Legend of the Deep (2007)
* Flash of Genius (2008)
* The Last Exorcism (2010)
* The Thing (2011)
* In Time (2011)
* The Man with the Iron Fists (2012)
* The Last Exorcism Part II (2013)
* RoboCop (2014)
* The Black Lagoon TBA
* Magic Kingdom TBA
# Akpor Pius Ewherido

Akpor Pius Ewherido (4 May 1963 – 30 June 2013) was a Nigerian politician. He was elected Senator for Delta Central Senatorial District in the April 2011 national elections, running on the Democratic People's Party (DPP) platform.

## Background

Born in Ughelli, Ewherido was Urhobo by origin. Born as third child in a family of 8 boys He attended Notre Dame College, Ozoro and Urhobo College, Effurun, He went on to the University of Ife where he studied Philosophy. After his National Youth Service, Ewherido became a businessman in Warri. He also studied law at the University of Benin, and was later called to the Bar.

## Political career

Ewherido joined the United Nigerian Congress Party (UNCP) during the Nigerian Third Republic. After the transition to democracy was aborted by Sani Abacha, he left politics and returned to business. In 1998, he joined the People's Democratic Party (PDP) and in April 1999, he was elected to represent the Ughelli South constituency election in the Delta State House of Assembly. He was appointed Deputy Speaker of the House when it convened in June 1999. From 15 May 2000 until 20 March 2001 he was leader of the Assembly. Ewherido was reelected in April 2003, and was Deputy Speaker of the Assembly from May 2003 until May 2007. In the 2006 PDP primaries he was a contender to be candidate for Governor of Delta State in the April 2007 election, but was unsuccessful in the primaries.
Ewherido left the PDP in order to compete for the Delta Central Senate seat on the DPP platform. In the DPP primary he was elected the candidate by a narrow margin, winning 125 votes to his opponent's 108. In the April 2011 election, he won 102,313 votes, ahead of Amori Ighoyota of the PDP who gained 85,365 votes.
# Jequitaí

Jequitaí is a Brazilian municipality located in the north of the state of Minas Gerais. In 2020 the population was 7,468 in a total area of 1,268 km$^2$. It became a municipality in 1948.

## Geography

Jequitaí is located on the Jequitaí River, a tributary of the São Francisco River at an elevation of 517 meters. It is east of the nearest population center, Pirapora, which lies at a distance of 66 km. Montes Claros is 103 km. to the northeast. Neighboring municipalities are: Pirapora, Claro dos Poções, Coração de Jesus. Jequitaí is part of the statistical microregion of Pirapora.

## Economic activities

The most important economic activities are cattle raising (41,000 head in 2006) and agriculture. The GDP in 2005 was R$30,637,000. The most important agricultural crops are bananas, coconuts, rice, sugarcane, beans and corn. There were 314 automobiles. In the rural area there were 514 producers. The total area of agricultural land was 45,000 hectares in 2006, of which 8,500 ha. were planted in crops. As of 2006 there were 99 tractors. In the urban area there was one banking agency in 2006.

## Health and education

This municipality is isolated from major population centers and suffers from drought and poor soils.
* Municipal Human Development Index: 0.705 (2000)
* State ranking: 521 out of 853 municipalities as of 2000
* National ranking: 2,903 out of 5,138 municipalities as of 2000
The highest ranking municipality in Minas Gerais in 2000 was Poços de Caldas with 0.841, while the lowest was Setubinha with 0.568. Nationally the highest was São Caetano do Sul in São Paulo with 0.919, while the lowest was Setubinha.
* Degree of urbanization: 68.35% (2000)
* Infant mortality rate: 28.37 (2000) The rate for Minas Gerais was 17.40; the rate for Brazil was 18.91.
* Illiteracy rate: 24.74% (15 years old or older)(Data from 2000) The rate for Minas Gerais was 11.96; the rate for Brazil was 13.63
* Urban area covered by sewage system: 0.20%--the rate for Minas Gerais was 81.39%
* Health centers and hospitals: 05 health centerS. There were no hospitals. The nearest hospital was in Pirapora.
# Selim Fathi Pasha

Lieutenant general Selim Fathi Pasha (Egyptian Arabic: سليم فتحي باشا) (Probably born in the early 19th century and killed in the Crimean War on February 17, 1855) was an Egyptian military commander, who led the Egyptian ground forces in the Crimean War.

## Military career

Prince Omar Toussoun described Selim Pasha as the best student of Soliman Pasha al-Faransawi, to whom Mahammad Ali Pasha entrusted the establishment of the Egyptian army and was its chief of staff. Selim Fathi Pasha participated in the wars of Ibrahim Pasha in the Levant and Anatolia, and was one of their heroes. During the reign of Mahammad Ali Pasha, he became head of the School of Staff of War, then in 1848 he was appointed commander of the infantry (bayada), and he was one of the closest Egyptian military leaders to European civilization.
In the year 1853, Selim Fathi Pasha took command of the ground forces sent by Abbas I to aid the Ottoman Empire in the Crimean War. His army was composed of 6 Alai bayadas (infantry) totaling 15,704 soldiers, Alai Sawari (cavalry) composed of 1,291 soldiers, and Alai Tobgia (artillery) composed of 2,727 soldiers, numbering 12 batteries, each with six cannons, so the total number of its cannons was 72, and the total of this ground army was 19,722 soldiers.

## Family and children

He married Khadija Hanem al-Farwajiya (a nobleman) and had two children. Among his most prominent grandchildren is the military historian Major General Staff of War Hassan Fathi (1921–2008), author of the encyclopedia “Arts of War in the Islamic Conquests, فنون الحرب في الفتوحات الإسلامية.”

## Honoring

There is a bust of Lieutenant General Selim Fathi Pasha in the Egyptian National Military Museum located on Citadel Street in Cairo, and a large-sized color portrait.

## Death

Lieutenant General Selim Pasha Fathi was killed in the Battle of Eupatoria in the Crimean War on Saturday the 29th of Jumada al-Awwal in the year 1271 AH, corresponding to February 17, 1855, AD. He was buried on the orders of the Serdar (commander) of the Ottoman Armies, Ikram Omar Pasha, in Yevpatoria near the Juma-Jami Mosque, and he was replaced in command of the Egyptian forces by Ahmad Pasha al-Munkali until September 27, 1855.
# Tiger 2

Tiger 2 may refer to:
* Tiger II, a German heavy tank of World War II
* Tiger Zinda Hai or Tiger 2, a 2017 Indian spy film by Ali Abbas Zafar, second in the Tiger film series
# Leaside station (Canadian Pacific Railway)

Leaside station is a former railway station in Toronto that served Leaside and Thorncliffe Park. The Canadian Pacific Railway built the station in 1894 to serve the new community of Leaside, on a railway line leased from the Ontario and Quebec Railway.
That wooden frame structure burned down in the 1940s and was replaced by a more contemporary building in 1946. Passenger service ended in 1982, a few years before Via Rail’s Toronto to Havelock route was discontinued.
Metrolinx began demolition of the former station in June 2022 as part of its early works for the construction of the Ontario Line maintenance and storage facility (MSF) in Thorncliffe Park.

## History

The first railway company to come to Leaside was the Ontario and Quebec Railway, in the 1870s. The Canadian Northern Railway purchased some land north of that in 1906, for a locomotive repair shop and marshalling yard.
When the CPR built a new line, connecting Leaside Junction down through the Don Valley via Don Station to Union Station in 1892, it gave the station more prominence and enabled additional train service.
Between 1975 and 1983 the building was operated by CP Hotels for the Village Station Restaurant and for a short time after that was used as a CPR business centre and CPR Police office.
Under Metrolinx's regional transportation plan, The Big Move, consideration has been given to providing through GO Train service to Seaton from Union Station. The earlier MoveOntario 2020 plan was to serve Peterborough by way of the Midtown Corridor.
# Justice League of Earth

The Justice League of Earth are fictional characters, a supervillain team of the 31st century in the DC Comics universe. They were created by Geoff Johns and Gary Frank and first appeared in Action Comics #859 (January 2008) as enemies of the Legion of Super-Heroes.

## Fictional team history

The Justice League of Earth is a group of super-powered humans living on 31st-century Earth. They audition for the Legion of Super-Heroes, but are rejected due to their ineffective powers and psychosis. Earth-Man recruits the group, claiming that Superman is a human and convincing Earth to turn against him and other aliens.
The Legion are branded as fugitives, after which the League attempts to hunt him down. In response, Timber Wolf and Lightning Lass establish an interstellar "Underground Railroad" for aliens to escape Earth. The Legion ultimately defeats the League and imprisons them on Takron-Galtos.
In Final Crisis, Earth Man, Golden Boy, Storm Boy, and Tusker join Superboy-Prime's Legion of Super-Villains.

## Members

* Earth Man (Kirt Niedrigh) - He can absorb and duplicate the abilities of others.
* Golden Boy (Klint Stewirt) - He can change the structure of any element into gold just by touching them.
* Radiation Roy (Roy Travich) - He emits radiation.
* Spider Girl (Sussa Paka) - She has super-strong prehensile hair.
* Storm Boy (Myke Chypurz) - He can control the weather.
* Tusker (Horace Lafeaugh) - He has ivory-like tusks that can grow to certain sizes as well as enhanced durability, a healing factor, and enhanced strength, agility, and reflexes.
# Sakkie Jenner

Izak Edward "Sakkie" Jenner" is a South African politician who represented the Independent Democrats (ID) in the National Assembly from September 2007 to April 2009. Pursuant to the 2009 general election, he was elected to the Western Cape Provincial Parliament; he was ranked first on the ID's party list and only one other ID member, Brett Herron, accompanied him to the legislature. Premier Helen Zille appointed him to the Executive Council of the Western Cape.

## Personal life

Jenner's brother, David Jenner, is a former Mayor of Matzikama Local Municipality in the Western Cape and leads a local party, the United Democrats.
# China Blue High-definition Disc

China Blue High-Definition (CBHD; Chinese: 中国蓝光高清光盘; alternatively "China High Definition DVD") is a high definition optical disc format announced in September 2007 by the Optical Memory National Engineering Research Center (OMNERC) of Tsinghua University in China.
The format is a derivative of the HD DVD, a medium created by the DVD Forum designed to succeed regular DVDs.
Although HD DVD was scrapped as a result of losing the format war to Blu-ray, CBHDs continued to be produced and marketed, though only in China.

## History

Originally called CH-DVD, CBHD was developed by a joint venture between the DVD Forum and OMNERC. Development began in 2005, and an early prototype was demonstrated in 2007. In 2008, during the DVD Forum's 42nd Steering Committee Meeting, the DVD Forum gave OMNERC the permission to edit HD DVD specifications.
Though HD DVD proponents had hoped that CBHD would be a viable successor to the HD DVD format, the CBHD spec was ultimately incompatible with HD DVD players despite the similarities between the two. As a result, CBHD is a proprietary format unique to China.

## Technology

Development of CBHD, heavily based on the HD DVD standard, was greatly helped by Japanese engineers. In particular, Hisashi Yamada, former Chief Technology Fellow at Toshiba's Digital Media Network, often referred to as the "father of DVD", has played a key role in China's plan to create its own high-definition consumer video format.
CBHD differs from HD DVD in several key areas. CBHD uses the PRC government-owned AVS video codec, DRA audio codec, and a new copy protection system, DKAA, as an alternative to HD DVD's and Blu-ray's AACS.
CBHD's developers claim the format contains more copy protection features and is part of a big push by China to fight piracy in addition to reducing their reliance upon foreign patents with their associated royalty payments.
CBHD also eschews HD DVD's Advanced Content navigation system in favor of a Chinese system called CETC.
Like HD DVD, CBHD discs have a capacity of 15 GB single-layer and 30GB dual-layer and can utilize existing DVD production lines.

## Industry support

In early March 2009, Warner Bros. announced they would be supporting the CBHD format, launching with titles including the Harry Potter series and Blood Diamond, with discs selling for between 50 and 70 yuan (roughly $7.25 to $10.15).
According to an August 2009 television story by TV-Tokyo, CBHD was outselling rival Blu-ray by a margin of 3 to 1 in China (due to heavy advertisement and favored backing from the government).
In September 2009, Universal Studios and National Geographic announced their support for the format. Also adding support for the format are Paramount Pictures (US), Celestial (HK/CN) and BBC/Discovery (UK/US).
Six CBHD players were released: four by Shinco (CBHD-9100, CBHD-3800, HD-2100 and HD-3700U) two by TCL (THBD-1008 and THBD-1038) According to reports from the China HD Association, Shinco was selling under 11,000 CBHD players every month between mid-2009 and mid-2010.
# Lekan Balogun (monarch)

Moshood Olalekan Balogun (18 October 1942 – 14 March 2024) was a Nigerian monarch. He was the 42nd Olubadan of Ibadan.

## Early life and education

Moshood Olalekan Balogun was born on 18 October 1942 in Ali-Iwo compound, present-day Ibadan North East Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria.
Balogun travelled to the United Kingdom, where he studied for his O- and A-level certificates while doing a part-time job to sustain himself. Upon completion of his O- and A-level programme, Lekan Balogun proceeded to the Brunel University. He left the university in 1973 with a master's degree in Administration and Economics. He then had a brief stint with the Lambeth Local Government Social Services Department, where he worked for one-and-a-half years after which his academic inclination took the better of him and he enrolled for his PhD.

## Career

Lekan Balogun was a presidential aspirant on the platform of Social Democratic Party (S.D.P.); he was also a gubernatorial candidate for the People's Democratic Party (P.D.P.) in Oyo State in the present political dispensation. In addition to this, he was a senator of the Federal Republic of Nigeria in the Fourth Republic.
Lekan Balogun represented Oyo Central senatorial district between 1999 and 2003. As a senator, he was chairman of the Senate Committee on National Planning and was a member of many Senate Committees such as Appropriations, Security and Intelligence, Police Affairs and Defence (Army).
Balogun had earlier worked as a lecturer at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, an editor of the monthly magazine The Nigerian Pathfinder, and as a director with Triumph Newspaper, Kano, as well as a management consultant for multinational Organisations such as Leyland, Exide Battery, and Nigerian Breweries.
Balogun worked with Shell British Petroleum Company where he rose to the position of the Administrator/Head, Industrial Relations, Recruitment and Scholarships, Planning and Development units.
Balogun wrote and published widely. Many of his publications include:
* A Review of Nigeria's 4 years’ Development Plan, 1970–1974;
* Social Justice or Doom;
* Power for Sale;
* Arrogance of Power.
Balogun, who was the Otun Olubadan of Ibadanland (one of the two most senior chiefs in Ibadanland), was crowned the 42nd Olubadan of Ibadanland by Governor Seyi Makinde of Oyo State on 11 March 2022.

## Personal life and death

Lekan Balogun was a Muslim and was married to two wives with children. He died on 14 March 2024, at the age of 81.
# Santa Fé de Minas

Santa Fé de Minas is a Brazilian municipality located in the north of the state of Minas Gerais. In 2020 the population was 3,826 in a total area of 2,916 km². It became a municipality in 1962.
Santa Fé de Minas is located about 130 km. northwest of the nearest major population center, Pirapora at an elevation of 493 meters. Neighboring municipalities are: São Romão, Buritizeiro, Brasilândia de Minas, and Bonfinópolis de Minas. It is part of the statistical microregion of Pirapora.
The most important economic activities are cattle raising and agriculture. The GDP in 2005 was R$14,352,000.00. There were no banking agencies in the town in 2007, while there were 33 automobiles, one of the lowest ratios in the state. In the rural area there were 467 establishments on a total area of 211,000 hectares, of which 3,500 hectares were planted in crops. Around 1,500 people were working in agriculture. There were 44,000 head of cattle. The main crops were rice, beans, and corn.
* Municipal Human Development Index: 0.622 (2000)
* State ranking: 802 out of 853 municipalities as of 2000
* National ranking: 4,273 out of 5,138 municipalities as of 2000
The highest ranking municipality in Minas Gerais in 2000 was Poços de Caldas with 0.841, while the lowest was Setubinha with 0.568. Nationally the highest was São Caetano do Sul in São Paulo with 0.919, while the lowest was Setubinha.
In the health sector there were two health clinics and one hospital with 3 beds.
# Nebritus tanneri

Nebritus tanneri is a species of stiletto flies in the family Therevidae.