OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Transilien Line V

Transilien Line V is a railway line serving the southwestern part of Île-de-France. It connects Versailles Chantiers and Massy–Palaiseau. It belongs to the Transilien network operated by SNCF, the French national railway. Unlike the other Transilien lines (with the exception of Line U), Line V lies completely outside the city limits of Paris.
Before December 2023, the line was operated as a branch of RER C. On 4 December 2023, the line was separated from the RER C and became a shuttle line, in preparation for the opening of the T12 Express tramway line on 10 December 2023. The line is officially designated line V on 15 December 2024.

## History

The tracks that Transilien Line V operates over were built as part of the Grande Ceinture line. Construction of the line began after August 1875 when it was declared of public utility. The section that the Line V operates over opened as part of the section from railway line between Juvisy and Versailles Chantiers on 1 May 1883.
A large part of the Grande Ceinture line was closed to passenger traffic in 1939 with the exception of the southernmost section of the future line V, between Versailles Chantiers and Juvisy via Massy–Palaiseau. However, the majority of trains over the line were freight trains.
This section of the line was electrified on 6 February 1947. Additional passenger traffic would come to the line over the following decades until the line was integrated into the RER C line of the Réseau Express Régional in 1992.
In 2004 and again in 2008, studies were conducted into adding more frequent service on the line, first proposing it become a dedicated RER line, then later recommending it become a tram-train line. However, the section between Versailles Chantiers and Massy–Palaiseau chosen for conversion, instead focusing on the section between Massy–Palaiseau and Épinay-sur-Orge.
On June 7, 2023, the president of Île-de-France Mobilités, Valérie Pécresse announced that the section of between Versailles Chantiers and Massy–Palaiseau would be disconnected from the RER C network to be operated as separate shuttle line. The disconnection took place on 10 December 2023, the same day the T12 Express tramway line started operating between Massy–Palaiseau and Épinay-sur-Orge.
The Line V name is being progressively rolled out on signs and websites, with the full change occurring on 8 December 2024.
# Spacecraft Atmosphere Monitor

The Spacecraft Atmosphere Monitor (SCRAM) is a highly compact gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GCMS) instrument built by JPL that is a technology demonstration on the International Space Station for monitoring the cabin atmosphere in human spacecraft. SCRAM measures both the major constituents (e.g. nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide) and trace parts per billion volatile chemicals (e.g. benzene, ethanol, siloxanes)in the spacecraft cabin atmosphere to ensure the help safeguard the health of the astronauts. SCRAM has a total mass of 9.5 kg and uses 40W (nominal) during operation.
SCRAM is an advanced technology demonstration that can be employed on future crewed flight missions, like in the Artemis program and the Orion spacecraft. It was launched to ISS on a Dragon spacecraft on July 25, 2019, and began continuous operations on July 29, 2019. SCRAM was returned to earth aboard SpaceX-25 on Jan. 24, 2022 after almost two years of continuous operations aboard the ISS, exceeding its design lifetime goal of one year. The instrument was returned to JPL on Feb. 15, 2022.
This first SCRAM instrument will be refurbished and be flown, along with a second SCRAM unit (SCRAM-2), to ISS in late 2022. The two instruments operating at the same time will enable JPL scientists to continuously monitor the ISS cabin atmosphere for interesting or anomalous constituents and temporal or spatial variations in the cabin atmosphere.
# Wang Yongzhi

Wang Yongzhi (Chinese: 王永志; 17 November 1932 – 11 June 2024) was a Chinese aerospace scientist and academician at the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a commissioner of the 11th National People's Political Consultative Conference. He is notable for serving as the general architect and designer of China's Shenzhou program from 1992 to 2006 overseeing the first six Shenzhou missions. In 2003, he was awarded the nation's highest scientific and technological prize, State Preeminent Science and Technology Award, by President Hu Jintao. Wang Yongzhi graduated from Moscow Aviation Institute in 1961. Wang died on 11 June 2024, at the age of 91.
Wang was posthumously bestowed the Medal of the Republic, the highest honorary medal of the People's Republic of China, in September 2024.
# Louis Persinger

Louis Persinger (11 February 1887, Rochester, Illinois – 31 December 1966, New York, New York) was an American violinist, pianist and professor of violin. Persinger had early lessons in Colorado, appearing in public by the age of 12. His main studies were at the Leipzig Conservatory where he studied violin with Hans Becker, piano with Carl Beving, conducting with Arthur Nikisch before finishing with Eugène Ysaÿe in Brussels and then studying with Jacques Thibaud in France for two summers. Arthur Nikisch described him as "one of the most talented pupils the Leipzig Conservatory ever had."
He served as leader of the Berlin Philharmonic orchestra and the Royal Opera Orchestra in Brussels before being appointed leader and assistant conductor of the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra in 1915 and succeeding Leopold Auer at the Juilliard School in New York in 1930.
He was best known as the teacher of great violinists Yehudi Menuhin, Ruggiero Ricci, Isaac Stern, Myriam Solovieff, Stephan Hero, Camilla Wicks, Almita Vamos, Fredell Lack, Guila Bustabo, Arnold Eidus, Donald Erickson, Zvi Zeitlin, Leonard Posner, Enrique Danowicz and Louise Behrend.
He was also Ricci's piano accompanist for many recitals and recordings, and Menuhin's for his first few recordings.

## Quotes

   Louis Persinger played on several superb instruments throughout his illustrious career including the Lipinski Stradivarius circa 1715, Domenico Montagnana and Nicolas Lupot.
# Schönberg–Chandrasekhar limit

In stellar astrophysics, the Schönberg–Chandrasekhar limit is the maximum mass of a non-fusing, isothermal core that can support an enclosing envelope. It is expressed as the ratio of the core mass to the total mass of the core and envelope. Estimates of the limit depend on the models used and the assumed chemical compositions of the core and envelope; typical values given are from 0.10 to 0.15 (10% to 15% of the total stellar mass). This is the maximum to which a helium-filled core can grow, and if this limit is exceeded, as can only happen in massive stars, the core collapses, releasing energy that causes the outer layers of the star to expand to become a red giant. It is named after the astrophysicists Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar and Mario Schönberg, who estimated its value in a 1942 paper. They estimated it to be:
$\operatorname {\left({\frac {\operatorname {M} _{c}}{M}}\right)} _{SC}=0.37\left({\frac {\operatorname {\mu } _{e}}{\operatorname {\mu } _{c}}}\right)^{2}$
where $\operatorname {M}$ is the mass, $\operatorname {\mu }$ is the mean molecular weight, index c denotes the core, and index e is the envelope.
The Schönberg–Chandrasekhar limit comes into play when fusion in a main-sequence star exhausts the hydrogen at the center of the star. The star then contracts until hydrogen fuses in a shell surrounding a helium-rich core, both of which are surrounded by an envelope consisting primarily of hydrogen. The core increases in mass as the shell burns its way outwards through the star. If the star's mass is less than approximately 1.5 solar masses, the core will become degenerate before the Schönberg–Chandrasekhar limit is reached, and, on the other hand, if the mass is greater than approximately 6 solar masses, the star leaves the main sequence with a core mass already greater than the Schönberg–Chandrasekhar limit so its core is never isothermal before helium fusion. In the remaining case, where the mass is between 1.5 and 6 solar masses, the core will grow until the limit is reached, at which point it will contract rapidly until helium starts to fuse in the core.
# Andrew Pinnock

Andrew Pinnock (born March 12, 1980) is a former American football fullback. He was selected by the San Diego Chargers in the seventh round of the 2003 NFL draft. He played college football at South Carolina.
Pinnock also played for the Denver Broncos and Florida Tuskers.

## Early life

Pinnock attended Bloomfield High School in Bloomfield, Connecticut and was a letterman in football. As a senior, he was named the 1998 Mr. Football for the state of Connecticut, and also won All-State and All-District honors. 1998. While there, he was a teammate of the Indianapolis Colts defensive end, Dwight Freeney.

## College career

Pinnock played college football at the University of South Carolina for legendary coach Lou Holtz where he was a standout running back/fullback from 1999-2003.

## Professional career
### San Diego Chargers

Pinnock was drafted by the San Diego Chargers in the seventh round (229th overall) of the 2003 NFL draft. He then served as a special team player and backup to Pro Bowler Lorenzo Neal. He was released on September 1, 2008.

### Denver Broncos

Pinnock was signed by the Denver Broncos on November 26, 2008. He was released on April 29, 2009.

### Florida Tuskers

Pinnock played in six games, starting five, for the Florida Tuskers in 2009. He caught five passes for 17 yards and one touchdown and rushed four times for five yards and one touchdown. He also recorded one solo tackle and one assisted tackle.
# Nathan George

Nathan George (July 27, 1936 – March 3, 2017) was an American actor who was active from 1968 to 1997. He co-won a 1969 Obie Award with Ron O'Neal for Charles Gordone's Pulitzer Prize-winning play No Place to Be Somebody; this performance also received a Drama Desk Award.
George also directed for the stage. He directed a production of Ron Milner's Who's Got His Own at Center Stage in Baltimore in 1970, and Cummings and Bowings, a play based on poems by E.E. Cummings, for the U.R.G.E.N.T. Theatre in New York in 1973.
In film, George acted in Brubaker (1980), Klute (1971), Serpico (1973), Harsh Light (1997), his last film, and One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975) and was one of the leads in Short Eyes (1977).
George died on March 3, 2017, in New York City.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1971 | Klute | Trask | |
| 1973 | Serpico | Smith | |
| 1974 | The Taking of Pelham One Two Three | Police Patrolman James | |
| 1975 | One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest | Attendant Washington | |
| 1977 | Short Eyes | Ice | |
| 1980 | Brubaker | Leon Edwards – Prison Board | |
| 1996 | Night Falls on Manhattan | Juror | Uncredited |
| 1997 | Harsh Light | Montgomery Paris | short film |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1972 | Madigan | Roscoe Blue | NBC |
| 1978 | To Kill A Cop | Charles | NBC Television Movie |
| 1985 | The Equalizer | Tessor | 1 Episode |
| 1989 | A Man Called Hawk | Crawldaddy | 1 Episode |
| 1996 | On Seventh Avenue | Floyd Nevins | NBC Television Movie |
# Deer penis

In traditional Chinese medicine, a deer penis (Chinese: 鹿鞭; pinyin: lù biān; Vietnamese: Lộc pín) is said to have important therapeutic properties.

## Purported properties

In Angang, Taiwan, women are reported to consume deer penis during pregnancy as it is said to have a fattening effect and to make the mother and child stronger.
The Mayans were also known to extract the penis of the deer and roast it. Hippocrates recommended consuming deer penis to resolve sexual difficulties.
During the 2008 Summer Olympics in China, the country banned deer penis wine, turtle blood and angelica root supplements from athletes' diets. This is because according to traditional Chinese medicine, deer penis, especially if ingested while soaked in alcohol (deer penis wine), is an effective remedy for athletic injuries. Chinese Olympic officials advised national athletes not to take the traditional remedy because it may contain the banned herb Ephedra. It joined steroids and various stimulants on the list of banned substances. When consumed, a deer penis or tiger penis is also said to enhance strength, and is thought by some to be an aphrodisiac.

## Availability

Like turtle's blood and penis, deer penis is one of the "delicacies" served in large jars in Snake Alley, Taipei. It is also served on the Chinese mainland in restaurants such as the Guo Li Zhuang. Deer penis wine can be sold at $12 a glass and often as high as $455 for a two-litre bottle. Deer-antler wine, known as Lurongjiu, is also said to enhance sexual potency in men and to have a warming effect, aiding the joints. A deer's penis, turtle's penis, or bull's penis is consumed in restaurants and is known in Singapore to be offered as a soup delicacy.

## Popular culture

Powdered deer penis is mentioned in the 1996 Steven Seagal film The Glimmer Man during the scene where Seagal and Keenen Ivory Wayans enter a Chinese herbal store.
Weebam-Na, a miscellaneous character in The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion, mentions powdered deer penis when asked about Leyawiin, the city he resides in.
Deer penis is mentioned in the 2009 episode of The Office "Double Date" when Dwight corrects Michael's statement calling fish sticks an aphrodisiac: "you're thinking of deer penis," Dwight replies.
In Season 1, Episode 5 of The League, Ruxin and Taco go to Chinatown to buy "3 Penis Wine", involving the infusion of deer penises, dog penises, and snake penises. However, the real "Three-Penis Wine" contains a fusion of seal, dog and deer penis.
# Westbury Park, Bristol

Westbury Park is a suburb of the city of Bristol, United Kingdom. It lies to the east of Durdham Down between the districts of Redland and Henleaze. The area is very similar in character to nearby Redland and comprises mainly Victorian and early twentieth-century architecture, along with a selection of Georgian buildings. Many of these buildings still have their original house names and many Victorian artifacts have been found in the gardens of Westbury Park.
The area was once part of the parish of Westbury-on-Trym, from which it takes its name.
Westbury Park Primary School lies in the southern side of the area and was established in 1893.
Major roads within Westbury Park include North View, Coldharbour Road, Linden Road and Redland Road.

## Politics

For elections to Bristol City Council, Westbury Park is split between the ward of Redland and the ward of Westbury-on-Trym and Henleaze.
For elections to the UK Parliament, the parts of Westbury Park that are in Redland ward are in the Bristol Central constituency; the Westbury-on-Trym and Henleaze ward is in Bristol North West.

## Transport

Westbury Park is served by bus service 1, 2 and 3 operated by First West of England, which connect Bristol city centre with Cribbs Causeway by various routes. First also operates the U1, running between the city centre and Stoke Bishop and serving Westbury Park. It is also served by bus service 505, operated by Bristol Community Transport and links Long Ashton with Southmead Hospital.

## Churches

Several churches lie within Westbury Park, including Westbury Park Church, St Alban's Church, Etloe Evangelical Church, Cairns Road Baptist Church and Westbury Park Spiritualist Church.
# FIA European Baja Cup

The FIA European Baja Cup, formerly known as the FIA European Cup for Cross-Country Bajas, is a cross-country baja series organised by the FIA, culminating with a champion driver, co-driver, and team; with additional trophies awarded throughout each category.
The series runs concurrent with the FIA World Baja Cup and FIM Bajas World Cup, alongside the World Rally-Raid Championship and FIA Middle East Baja Cup. Started in 2021, the series was designed to attract new entrants to rally raid and allow them to run for an official FIA title. It was renamed to the European Baja Cup in 2024.

## Champions

| Season | Driver | Co-driver | Car |
| 2021 | Krzysztof Hołowczyc | Lukasz Kurzeja | Mini John Cooper Works Rally |
| 2022 | João Ferreira | Lukasz Kurzeja | Mini John Cooper Works Rally |
| 2023 | Krzysztof Hołowczyc | Lukasz Kurzeja | Mini John Cooper Works Rally |
# Sarita Gayakwad

Saritaben Laxmanbhai Gayakwad (born 1 June 1994) is an Indian sprinter who specializes in the 400 metres and 400 metres hurdles. She was part of the Indian women's 4 × 400 metres relay team that won the gold medal at the 2018 Asian Games.
Gujarat Govt. has selected her as a brand ambassador of Gujarat State Poshan Abhiyan.

## Early life

Gayakwad was born on 1 June 1994 in a tribal family in Kharadi Amba village, Dang District, Gujarat. She represented her state in national level kho kho competitions till 2010, before making the switch to sprinting. As of 2018, she works as an income tax official.

## Career

Gayakwad was selected in the Indian women's 4 × 400 metres relay team for the 2018 Commonwealth Games in Australia. She thus became the first track and field athlete from the state to be selected for the Commonwealth Games. The team came seventh in the final with a timing of 3:33.61. She was then selected for the 2018 Asian Games in the women's 4 × 400 metres relay team. The quartet of Gayakwad, M. R. Poovamma, Hima Das and V. K. Vismaya clocked 3:28.72 in the final to clinch the gold medal.
# Mamix

Maxim Alexandrovich Monahov (Russian: Максим Александрович Монахов), better known as Mamix (Russian: Мамикс), is a Russian YouTuber. He publishes various DIY and experiment videos on his YouTube channels.
Repeated winner of silver and gold YouTube Play Buttons for achieving a level of one hundred thousand and a million subscribers. In 2020, one of his YouTube channels reached 10 million subscribers, making him also an owner of diamond creator award.

## Early life and YouTube activity

In 2016, Monahov began to publish pop-science experiments and DIY videos, then he got first popularity after the publication of the experiment where he mixed 10 thousand liters of Coca-Cola with Mentos (actually soda was used instead).
In 2020, he repeated the experiment with 10 thousand liters of Coca-Cola and soda.
On December 27, 2021, an explosion occurred during the filming of the video. As a results Mamix suffered a serious injury to his arm and was in a coma. In an audio recording published on March 3, 2022, maybe hear him counting down, but when he says "Let's go!" nothing happens. Seconds later, a loud explosion happens, and Mamix's team shouts to call an ambulance. Mamix said he received about 13 fractures and burns.

## Awards

| Year | Ceremony | Category | Result | Refs |
| 2016 | Vidfest [ru] | «Like 2016»: «Like for breakthrough» | Won | |
# Peter Pastreich

Peter Pastreich (born September 13, 1938) was executive director of the Philharmonia Baroque Orchestra (2009–2011), the San Francisco Symphony (1978 to 1999), the Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra (1966–1978) and the Nashville Symphony (1962–1964). On August 11, 2016, he was named interim Executive Director of American Conservatory Theater (A.C.T.) in San Francisco; a month later, on his 78th birthday, he became Executive Director, a position he held for two years, during which he assisted A.C.T. to engage new leadership for its Artistic Director, Executive Director, Board Chair, and Board President positions.
He has five children: Emanuel Pastreich, Michael Pastreich, Anna Schlagel, Milena Pastreich and stepson Adam Gasner. Michael has followed his father’s footsteps and was CEO of both the Elgin Symphony Orchestra and The Florida Orchestra for a total of 23 years.
# Mulfingen

Mulfingen is a town in the district of Hohenlohe in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.
Friedrich Wohnsiedler (1879–1958), a native of the town, emigrated to New Zealand around 1900 and became a notable wine-maker.

## Demographics

Population development:
| Year | Inhabitants |
| 1990 | 3,645 |
| 2001 | 3,855 |
| 2011 | 3,733 |
| 2021 | 3,656 |
# Elmet (disambiguation)

Elmet (or Elfed) was a sub-Roman, Brythonic kingdom in the north of England.
Elmet may also refer to:
* Elmet (UK Parliament constituency), 1983–2010
* Elmet and Rothwell (UK Parliament constituency), 2010–present
* Elmet (novel), a 2017 novel by Fiona Mozley
# Ex Libris (game)

Ex Libris: The Game of First Lines and Last Words is a party game of literary bluff related to fictionary. First published in 1991 by the English board game company Oxford Games Ltd., Ex Libris was devised and compiled by Leslie Scott (the creator of Jenga) and designed by Sara Finch. The game involves having to write fake, but plausible, opening (or closing) sentences of genuine books in an attempt to fool fellow players into believing your words are the authentic first (or last) lines of a given book.

## Rules of play

The game comprises one hundred cards, each of which provide on one side, the title, author, and plot summary of a published book or short story; And, on the other, the first and last sentences of the book.
In each round, a different player takes the role of reader and reads aloud the title, author and plot summary. The other players are then required to write plausible first or last sentences for the book, handing their efforts over to the reader, who has meanwhile copied the correct line onto a similar piece of paper, which they shuffle amongst the 'fake' scripts. The reader then reads aloud all the sentences, taking care to disguise the genuine. Players vote for which line they consider to be the genuine first or last sentence.
A player receives one point for each vote received for their fake line. A player receives one point if they vote for the book's authentic first or last line. The reader receives one point if no one identifies the genuine line.

## Reviews

Currently endorsed by Oxford University's Bodleian Library and the British Library (London), which both receive a royalty for each game sold, Ex Libris has been described as "fantastically tricky" and "boring-sounding (but actually extremely entertaining)".
A similar game is played on Richard Osman's House of Games.
# SIS Card

The SIS Card (SIS = Sociaal InformatieSysteem / Système Information Social, English: Social Information System) in Belgium was a chip card system. The cards were credit card size and were used to justify the rights of the owner (or their legal guardian, for minors) to access a social security system when spending on medicine.
The card was first issued in 1998 for all people living in Belgium.
Since October 1, 1998 it was compulsory for every Belgian citizen to possess a SIS card.
In August 2011, it was announced the cards will stop being issued soon.
Starting on January 1, 2012, citizens wishing to do so, (and with their medic's pharmacist's agreement) could show their ID card instead of SIS. However, a medic or pharmacist could not refuse a SIS card and could refuse to accept an ID card.
Starting on January 1, 2014, SIS cards are no longer compulsory for Belgian citizens, no longer issued, and health workers are allowed to refuse them. Boxes where citizens could throw their SIS cards in order to trash them where then created.
On January 1, 2017, all cards then active expired and they cannot be any longer accepted. The card was replaced by isi+ Card.