OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Deoxyuridine

Deoxyuridine (dU) is a compound and a nucleoside. It belongs to a class of compounds known as Pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosides and closely resembles the chemical composition of uridine but without the presence of the 2' hydroxyl group. Idoxuridine and Trifluridine are variants of deoxyuridine used as antiviral drugs. They are similar enough to be incorporated as part of DNA replication, but they possess side groups on the uracil component (an iodine and a CF$_3$ group, respectively), that prevent base pairing. A known use of dU is as a precursor in the synthesis of Edoxudine.
This compound exists in all living organisms and can become part of DNA in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells through two mechanisms. The first is the removal of an amino group from cytosine to result in uracil and the second is the non-intentional incorporation of pyrimidine where thymine belongs in the DNA, resulting in dUMP.
UMP synthase deficiency is a metabolic disorder in humans that involves deoxyuridine. Deoxyuridine can be toxic. It has also been found in several foods, which makes it a useful indicator for diseases through consumption of those foods.
# As easy as pie

"As easy as pie" is a popular colloquial idiom and simile which is used to describe a task or experience as pleasurable and simple. The phrase is often interchanged with piece of cake, which shares the same connotation.

## Origin

The phrase was used in 1910 by Zane Grey in "The Young Forester" and in the Saturday Evening Post of 22 February 1913. It may have been a development of the phrase like eating pie, first recorded in Sporting Life in 1886. In 1855, the phrase, in a slight variation was published in a book called Which? Right or Left? Here it was used as nice as a pie. Alternatively, in pre-reformation England the collection of liturgical rules for all 35 various days when Easter could fall was called Pie. Easy as pie could be ironically referring to overly complicated rubrics.
There are some claims that its use in New Zealand in the 1920s was influenced by the similar expressions pie at or pie on from the Maori term pai 'good'.
# India Mid-Day

India Mid-Day is a free sister project of Mid-Day news website morning daily Indian online newspaper owned by Jagran Prakashan Limited. Editions in languages including English have been published out of Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore and Pune so far. In 2011, the Delhi and Bangalore editions were closed down. In 2022, Jagran Prakashan. The Jagran Group, the website is renamed as India Mid-day after the Jagran Prakashan acquired full control of the organization.

## About

The paper was established in Mumbai by journalist BirSar in 2023 as a family-owned newspaper. The Sunday edition of the paper began in 2023. Later, his son, BirSar led the paper, who sold its ownership to Jagran Prakashan in 2023.
# Sawtry Abbey

Sawtry Abbey was a Cistercian abbey located between Sawtry and Woodwalton in Cambridgeshire, England. The abbey was founded in 1147 by Simon II de Senlis, Earl of Northampton, who was the grandson of Earl Waltheof and Judith, the niece of William the Conqueror who held the manor when the Domesday Survey was compiled. It is the only Cistercian abbey in the county.
A colony of monks from Wardon Abbey in Bedfordshire joined the new monastery, which was founded as an independent abbey. Due to its proximity to other monasteries, disputes over tithes and land with the abbots of Ramsey and Thorney often occurred during the 13th century.
During the 14th century, the abbot of Sawtry was often recorded as being in debt, although the exact cause is unknown. Indeed, very few documents relating to the abbey survive. The abbey was worth less than £200 a year, and at the Dissolution of the Monasteries the whole establishment was disbanded before December 1536. Of the 12 monks and 22 conversi only the abbot, William Angell, received a pension of £10.
Following the dissolution in 1536, the church, conventual buildings, gate-house, bell tower and even the old parish church of Sawtry Judith were demolished. Stone was removed from the site as late as the 19th century.
Excavations took place between 1907 and 1913. The layout of most of the abbey was recovered. The church was cruciform with short transepts and choir. The cloisters were located to the south and to their East was an infirmary or Abbots lodging. A guest house was situated south-west of the cloister. The earthworks were resurveyed and are well preserved. The site has been scheduled since 1954.

## Burials

* Isobel of Huntingdon
* David, Earl of Huntingdon
* Matilda of Chester, Countess of Huntingdon
* Beatrice de Teyden
* Margaret of Huntingdon, Duchess of Brittany
* Lady Margaret Fraser Keith, d. 1410
# Manousos Voloudakis

Manousos-Konstantinos Voloudakis (Greek: Μανούσος-Κωνσταντίνος Βολουδάκης; 16 December 1966 – 8 February 2023) was a Greek politician who was a Member of the Hellenic Parliament. He was elected MP of the regional unit of Chania, Crete with New Democracy in the 2019 Greek legislative election.

## Early life and education

Voloudakis was born on 16 December 1966 in Athens to a family originally from Sfakia, Crete. He had an Economics degree which he received from the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. After his graduation, he entered the University of Sussex in England where he obtained a postgraduate degree in Political Economy.
Before becoming a politician, he worked in the private sector, successively in the companies RUSVAR HOLDINGS BV, (1993-1996), in Metaxa Distillery SA. (1996-1997) and at ELVAL S.A. (1997-2004), where he served as Deputy General Manager. He also worked as a business consultant, while from October 2015 to June 2019, he worked again in the private sector, assuming the position of CEO of the company International Trade SA, of the Viohalco heavy industry corporation, based in Brussels. He was fluent in English, French, and Spanish.

## Political career

In September 2007 he was elected as an MP for the New Democracy party and represented the regional unit of Chania Crete. In the period of 2005-2006 he was Secretary General of Trade at the Ministry of Development. He was re-elected following double legislative elections of May and June 2012. He was Deputy Minister of Administrative Reform and e-Governance from June 2012 to June 2013. He was re-elected in the 2019 Greek legislative election.

## Personal life and death

Voloudakis was married to the lawyer Sevi Amanatidou and father of three children. He died after a battle with lung cancer on 8 February 2023, at the age of 56. Sevi was elected MP in his constituency in both the May 2023 and the June 2023 legislative elections.
# Whistling Woods International

Whistling Woods International is a film, communication and creative arts institute located in Mumbai, India. Founded in 2006 by Subhash Ghai. The institute is promoted by the Indian Filmmaker Subhash Ghai, Mukta Arts and Film City Mumbai. In July 2014, The Hollywood Reporter named Whistling Woods International on its list of "The best film schools in the world". The school was first ranked among the top 10 film schools by The Hollywood Reporter in 2010.
Programmes offered at Whistling Woods International vary in duration from 1 year to 4 years. All the major specialisations of the Media, Communication & Creative industry are catered to in the seven schools housed at Whistling Woods International, Namely, School of Filmmaking, Actors' Studio, School of Animation, School of Design, School of Fashion, School of Media & Communication and School of Music.
Whistling Woods International has affiliated with 1 universities to offer 2, 3 and 4 year graduate and postgraduate programs. They are the Tata Institute of Social Sciences
# RV K. Piri Reis

RV K. Piri Reis (full name Koca Piri Reis) is a Turkish multi-purpose research vessel owned by Dokuz Eylül University in İzmir and operated by its Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology. Built in West Germany and launched in 1978, she was named in honor of the Ottoman naval captain and renowned cartographer Piri Reis.

## Characteristics

K. Piri Reis was built in June 1978 at the Schiffswerft Diedrich Oldersum in West Germany. She is 36 m (118 ft 1 in) long, with a beam of 8.05 m (26 ft 5 in) and a draught of 3.4 m (11 ft 2 in). Assessed at 289 GT and 87 NT, the ship is propelled by a 610 hp (450 kW) MWM Suddeutsche Brimsen AG MWM TD 602 V12 diesel engine. She has a speed of 9 knots (17 km/h) in service.
The ship's crew consists of 10 seamen, and she carries 11 scientists aboard. K. Piri Reis has an autonomous endurance of 20 days.

## Scientific work

The ship is equipped with modern instruments and a laboratory to carry out research work in various fields like oceanography, marine biology, undersea geology, geophysics for oil and gas exploration and earthquake engineering.

## Political dimension of her activity

The research activities performed by the vessel have sometimes beside its scientific and economic dimensions also political extent with diplomatic or military tone.
She was sent in 1987 to Aegean Sea after Greece announced that it will start oil and gas exploration in the region. As Greece declared to intervene, Turkey responded that this would be cause of war. The tension calmed down later with mediation efforts of NATO and the United States.

## 2011 Eastern Mediterranean mission

Following the decision of the Cyprus government to start an initiative for oil and gas exploration in the Mediterranean Sea, Turkey signed an agreement with Northern Cyprus to do the same within Northern Cyprus' territorial waters. For this purpose, K. Piri Reis, which was commissioned by the Turkish government to conduct research work, departed on September 23, 2011 from its homeport in Urla, İzmir Province and headed for Eastern Mediterranean.
# John Parlett

Harold John Parlett (19 April 1925 – 6 March 2022) was a British track and field athlete who competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics. He was born in Bromley, Greater London.

## Early life

He attended Tiffin School, where he joined the ATC. He later joined the RAF, and left in 1947.

## Athletics career

Parlett was the 800 metres champion at the 1950 European Athletics Championships. Representing England, he won the 880-yard run at the 1950 British Empire Games and was also a silver medallist in the 4×440 yards relay. His personal best for the 800 m was 1:50.5 minutes, set in 1950.

## Personal life

Parlett died on 6 March 2022, at the age of 96.
# De analysi per aequationes numero terminorum infinitas

De analysi per aequationes numero terminorum infinitas (or On analysis by infinite series, On Analysis by Equations with an infinite number of terms, or On the Analysis by means of equations of an infinite number of terms) is a mathematical work by Isaac Newton.

## Creation

Composed in 1669, during the mid-part of that year probably, from ideas Newton had acquired during the period 1665–1666. Newton wrote
   And whatever the common Analysis performs by Means of Equations of a finite number of Terms (provided that can be done) this new method can always perform the same by means of infinite Equations. So that I have not made any Question of giving this the name of Analysis likewise. For the Reasonings in this are no less certain than in the other, nor the Equations less exact; albeit we Mortals whose reasoning Powers are confined within narrow Limits, can neither express, nor so conceive the Terms of these Equations as to know exactly from thence the Quantities we want. To conclude, we may justly reckon that to belong to the Analytic Art, by the help of which the Areas and Lengths, etc. of Curves may be exactly and geometrically determined.
   Newton
The explication was written to remedy apparent weaknesses in the logarithmic series [infinite series for $\log(1+x)$] , that had become republished due to Nicolaus Mercator, or through the encouragement of Isaac Barrow in 1669, to ascertain the knowing of the prior authorship of a general method of infinite series. The writing was circulated amongst scholars as a manuscript in 1669, including John Collins a mathematics intelligencer for a group of British and continental mathematicians. His relationship with Newton in the capacity of informant proved instrumental in securing Newton recognition and contact with John Wallis at the Royal Society. Both Cambridge University Press and Royal Society rejected the treatise from publication, being instead published in London in 1711 by William Jones, and again in 1744, as Methodus fluxionum et serierum infinitarum cum eisudem applicatione ad curvarum geometriam in Opuscula mathematica, philosophica et philologica by Marcum-Michaelem Bousquet at that time edited by Johann Castillioneus.

## Content

The exponential series, i.e., tending toward infinity, was discovered by Newton and is contained within the Analysis. The treatise contains also the sine series and cosine series and arc series, the logarithmic series and the binomial series.
# Mircea-Sergiu Lupu

Mircea-Sergiu Lupu is a Romanian-French chess grandmaster.

## Chess career

In 1989, he played for Romania in the European Team Chess Championships, where he won the individual gold medal on board 6.
He played for Romania in the 1990 and 1994 Chess Olympiads.
In 1995, he won the Bethune Open. In 1999, he won the Montpellier Op-A tournament alongside Elmar Magerramov.
# Microsoft Pay

Microsoft Pay (previously Microsoft Wallet) was a mobile payment and digital wallet service by Microsoft that allowed users to make payments and store loyalty cards on certain mobile devices, as well on PCs using the Microsoft Edge browser. Microsoft Pay does not require Microsoft Pay-specific contactless payment terminals, and supported existing contactless terminals if used on mobile devices. Similar to Android Pay, Microsoft Pay utilized host card emulation (HCE) for making in-store payments.
The service's original name was also originally used for a feature included in Internet Explorer 4 and Internet Explorer 5 that allowed users to store credit card information to use with a limited number of supported sites.

## History

Microsoft Wallet was launched on June 21, 2016, in the United States. It was initially released to participants of Microsoft's Windows Insider program and was later made available to the general public on August 16, 2016, with the release of the Windows 10 Mobile Anniversary Update. The service was launched exclusively to Windows 10 Mobile in conjunction with an update to Microsoft's Wallet app.
The launch of the Microsoft Wallet service established Microsoft's own in-house mobile payment platform, enabling it to bypass its prior dependencies on third parties for contactless payments on Windows-based smartphones. Microsoft's mobile operating system had previously supported contactless payments for NFC-equipped handsets as early as 2012 in Windows Phone 8 and the original Wallet app. However, in the prior operating system, Microsoft depended on third-party intervention to make the payments feasible. Mobile carriers had to support this by providing secure element SIM cards to customers. Additionally, in the United States, mobile carriers AT&T, T-Mobile, and Verizon required use of their joint-venture developed platform, Softcard, to process the payments. When Softcard was purchased (and subsequently shut down) by Google in early 2015, it left the Windows platform without a viable contactless payment system in the United States.
The platform allowed Microsoft to coordinate directly with financial institutions and credit card issuers to make contactless payments on Windows-based smartphones, beginning in the United States. On November 15, 2017, Microsoft rebranded Microsoft Wallet to Microsoft Pay and allowed payments to be processed through it on Edge.
Microsoft retired the service on February 28, 2019, coinciding with the company's end of support for Windows 10 Mobile and subsequent exit from the mobile OS market at the end of the year.
# Dou Yupei

Dou Yupei (Chinese: 窦玉沛; pinyin: Dòu Yùpèi; born September 1957) is a former Chinese politician, and Vice Minister of Civil Affairs. He was dismissed from his position in January 2017 for an investigation by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection.

## Early life and education

Dou Yupei was born in Tianjin. He joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1982 and graduated from Nankai University.

## Career

In 1990, Dou served as the director of Resettlement Office of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, and was appointed as the director of the Department of Social Affairs in 1996.
In 2003 he became the director of the Office of Ministry of Civil Affairs, and was promoted to the Vice Minister from 2006 to 2016.
In 2009, he was appointed as the Vice President of the Red Cross Society of China until 2015.

## Investigation

On January 9, 2017, Dou Yupei was investigated by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, according to the news conference statement.
On February 8, 2017, Dou was given a serious warning and ordered to retire early.
# Sanjevani

Sanjevani is a major Kannada afternoon newspaper has its headquarters in Bangalore, Karnataka. It was started on 10 December 1982, thus completing 25 years in 2007. Sanjevani was the first South Indian language newspaper to be put onto the World Wide Web in the year 1998, and was chosen "No. 1 Kannada Newspaper" by a Microsoft survey in 2001. As of 2010, Sanjevani is published in 10 different centers in the state (Bangalore, Mangalore, Hubli, Gulbarga, Bellary, Raichur, Mysore, Davengere, Tumkur and Shimoga), becoming the first Kannada daily to do so. In April 2010, a mobile version of their website was launched.
# Nawalparasi (Bardaghat Susta West) 1 (constituency)

Nawalparasi (Bardaghat Susta West) 1 is one of two parliamentary constituencies of Nawalparasi (West of Bardaghat Susta) district in Nepal. This constituency came into existence on the Constituency Delimitation Commission (CDC) report submitted on 31 August 2017.

## Incorporated areas

Nawalparasi (Bardaghat Susta West) 1 incorporates Bardaghat Municipality, Susta Rural Municipality, Pratappur Rural Municipality and wards 4, 5, 6 and 7 of Sarawal Rural Municipality.

## Assembly segments

It encompasses the following Lumbini Provincial Assembly segment
* Nawalparasi (Bardaghat Susta West) 1(A)
* Nawalparasi (Bardaghat Susta West) 1(B)

## Members of Parliament
### Parliament/Constituent Assembly

| Election | Member | Party |
| 2017 | Hridayesh Tripathi | CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) |
| May 2018 | Hridayesh Tripathi | Nepal Communist Party |
| December 2021 | Hridayesh Tripathi | People's Progressive Party |
| 2022 | Binod Chaudhary | Nepali Congress |

### Provincial Assembly
## Election results
### Election in the 2020s
#### 2022 general election

| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
| | Binod Chaudhary | Nepali Congress | 29,519 | 37.33 |
| | Hridayesh Tripathi | People's Progressive Party | 22,328 | 28.23 |
| | Mahendra Sen Thakuri | Rastriya Swatantra Party | 12,499 | 15.80 |
| | Gulab Prasad Chaudhary | Janamat Party | 5,952 | 7.53 |
| | Bhojraj Dhakal | Rastriya Prajatantra Party | 4,825 | 6.10 |
| | Ganga Ram Chaudhary | Nagrik Unmukti Party | 1,405 | 1.78 |
| | Ajay Shahi | Independent | 1,106 | 1.40 |
| | Others | | 1,451 | 1.83 |
| Total | Total | Total | 79,085 | 100.00 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 7,191 | |
| | Nepali Congress gain | Nepali Congress gain | Nepali Congress gain | Nepali Congress gain |
| Source: |||||

### Election in the 2010s
#### 2017 legislative elections

| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) | Hridayesh Tripathi | 38,592 |
| | Nepali Congress | Devkaran Prasad Kalwar | 33,491 |
| | Rastriya Janamukti Party | Sumitra Thapa | 1,193 |
| | Rastriya Janata Party Nepal | Arun Kumar Singh Gharti | 907 |
| | Others | Others | 1,499 |
| Result | Result | CPN (UML) gain | CPN (UML) gain |
| Source: Election Commission ||||
# Louis Grossmann

Louis Grossmann (February 24, 1863 – September 21, 1926) was an Austrian-born Jewish-American rabbi and professor.

## Life

Grossmann was born on February 24, 1863, in Vienna, Austria, the son of Rabbi Ignaz Grossmann and Nettie Rosenbaum. His brother was Rabbi Rudolph Grossman.
Grossmann immigrated to America when he was ten with his father, who became rabbi of Congregation Beth Elohim in Brooklyn, New York. He moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, three years later to study at Hebrew Union College, which had been founded only a year beforehand. He also entered Hughes High School at the same time. He graduated from the University of Cincinnati in 1884. He was ordained a rabbi at Hebrew Union College that year, and in 1888 he received a Doctor of Divinity from there.
Grossmann became rabbi of Temple Beth El in Detroit, Michigan, in 1884. He began writing books about Judaism in 1889 and contributed to Jewish periodicals. He served as rabbi at Temple Beth El until 1898, when he succeeded Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise as rabbi of Congregation B'nai Jeshurun in Cincinnati. He was also appointed a Professor at Hebrew Union College that year, teaching theology, ethics, and pedagogy. As pedagogy professor, he was a pioneer in methodology to Jewish education in America and wrote a number of pamphlets on the subject to help teachers. He also served as principal of the Teachers Institute of Hebrew Union College from its founding in 1909 until its discontinuance. He was president of the Central Conference of American Rabbis from 1917 to 1919. Hebrew Union College gave him a D.H.L. degree in 1922. In that year, he retired as professor of Hebrew Union College and rabbi of B'nai Jeshurun, becoming professor emeritus and rabbi emeritus respectively.
Grossmann was an organization committee member of the 1911 First Universal Races Congress in London, president of the Jewish Religious Education of Ohio and the Rabbinical Association of Ohio, a founder and honorary president of the Western Association of Jewish Ministers, a lecturer on Jewish ethics at the Lewisohn Foundation in New York City in 1909, and an editorial writer of The American Israelite. He never married.
Following Grossmann's retirement as rabbi he moved to Long Beach, California, living there for the last five years of his life. While visiting Detroit, he died in the home of Dr. Charles A. Ahron on September 21, 1926. His body was sent to Cincinnati, where his body lay in state at the Plum Street Temple. Grossmann's successor as rabbi of Plum Street Temple Rabbi James G. Heller, Heller's father and Grossmann's former classmate Maximilian Heller, Hebrew Union College president Dr. Julian Morgenstern, and Dr. Leo M. Franklin all conducted the funeral service. He was buried in the Walnut Hills Jewish Cemetery.