OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Maunganui Bluff

Maunganui Bluff is a prominent coastal bluff located on the west coast of New Zealand's North Island, in the Northland region. Known locally as The Bluff, it is set in a 495 hectares (1,220 acres) scenic reserve and rises 459 metres (1,506 ft) above sea level.
Maunganui Bluff marks the northern extent of 107 kilometres (66 mi) long Ripiro Beach (the longest unbroken beach in New Zealand).

## Etymology

Maunganui in Māori means big mountain.

## Geology

Studies using remote sensing indicate these basalt layers form part of an eroded basalt shield volcano, originally centered about 10 kilometers west of Maunganui Bluff, with an estimated width of 50 kilometers. Comparatively, other Miocene basalt shield volcanoes, such as those at Banks Peninsula, Dunedin, and the Auckland Islands, each spanned roughly 20 to 30 kilometers.
Maunganui Bluff and the Waipoua Forest region are primarily composed of Early Miocene basalt flows that include pyroclastic deposits, volcanic breccia, dikes and breccia dikes. This local formation is referred to as Waipoua Basalt.
Maunganui Bluff consists of layered basalt flows between 2 and 10 meters thick, interspersed with thin beds of rubbly breccia and oxidized volcanic ash. Numerous vertical dikes, formed from intruding basalt lava, cut through these layers, representing fractures within the ancient Waipoua shield volcano during its formation.
# Chip (magazine)

Chip is a computer and communications magazine published by CHIP Holding (formerly Vogel Burda Holding GmbH) in several countries of Europe and Asia. The German edition of CHIP was launched in September 1978 and is one of Germany's oldest and largest computer magazines with 418,019 copies sold in average each month of the 4th quarter 2008.
Competitors in its German home market include Computer Bild, PC-Welt and c't.

## CHIP Online

CHIP Online is the independent web portal of the CHIP brand. It is one of the most-visited media portals in the German language area, providing hardware and software tests and price comparisons, as well as a large downloading and a community portal. As of March 2019, it is a top 30 site in Germany according to Alexa traffic rankings. CHIP Online is operated by CHIP Digital GmbH.

## Magazine

Currently there are these German different magazines available:
* CHIP Plus
* CHIP Foto Video mit DVD
* CHIP Test & Kauf
* CHIP Linux
From 1998 to 2013, an Indian edition titled Intelligent Computing CHIP was published.
# Humphrey Park railway station

Humphrey Park railway station is in the Trafford metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester in the north west of England. The station opened on 15 October 1984 by British Rail as an experimental station is 4+1⁄4 miles (6.8 km) west of Manchester Oxford Road station on the Manchester-Liverpool Line. The station and all services calling there are operated by Northern Trains.

## Facilities

The station has no station building, no ticket machines and is unstaffed. There are CCTV cameras operating here. Each platform has waiting shelters, with seating available on only one side (towards Liverpool). Step-free access is available to both platforms via ramps from the road below. Train running information can be obtained from timetable posters and by phone. The station is undergoing a community re generation, planters of herbs and seasonal vegetables are scheduled for 2025, along with a rhubarb themed mural, linking in with the regeneration of Stretford. The station is equipped with a defibrillator.

## Services

Services call every two hours in each direction, towards Urmston and Liverpool Lime Street to the west and towards Trafford Park and Manchester Oxford Road in the east in off-peaks. Services increase to half-hourly during peak times and may stop at extra stations along the route. In the late evening services are hourly. There is no Sunday service provided.
# Aniene

The Aniene (pronounced; Latin: Aniō), formerly known as the Teverone, is a 99-kilometer (62 mi) river in Lazio, Italy. It originates in the Apennines at Trevi nel Lazio and flows westward past Subiaco, Vicovaro, and Tivoli to join the Tiber in northern Rome. It formed the principal valley east of ancient Rome and became an important water source as the city's population expanded. The falls at Tivoli were noted for their beauty. Historic bridges across the river include the Ponte Nomentano, Ponte Mammolo, Ponte Salario, and Ponte di San Francesco, all of which were originally fortified with towers.

## Name

The river was known to the Romans as Aniō; this is of unknown etymology, but Francisco Villar Liebana has suggested a root *an- that is found in many river names, such as the Ana (Guadiana) and Anisus (Enns). Plutarch derived the name from a mythical Etruscan king Anius who drowned in the river.

## History
### Classical antiquity

The confluence of the Aniene and Tiber was controlled by Antemnae, a Latin settlement on a hill just to its south. Rome's foundation myths numbered them among the Sabines seized by Romulus but that his wife Hersilia convinced him to make its people Roman citizens after their defeat and annexation around 752 BC.
In antiquity, three principal aqueducts of Rome—the Aqua Anio Vetus, Aqua Anio Novus and Aqua Claudia—had their sources in the Aniene valley. Together with the Aqua Marcia, they were regarded as the "four great aqueducts of Rome". The Aqua Anio Vetus (Latin for "Old Anio aqueduct") was constructed around 270 BC. The Aqua Anio Novus ("New Anio aqueduct") was begun under Caligula around AD 38 and completed under Claudius in 48. A third aqueduct, the Aqua Marcia, was constructed by Q. Marcius Rex between 144 and 140 BC using the proceeds from the destructions of Corinth and Carthage in 146 BC.
The emperor Nero created three lakes on the river for his villa at Subiaco. The largest of these dams was the highest dam in classical antiquity and remained in use until its destruction by a flood in 1305. Trajan eventually connected the Anio Novus to one of these lakes.

### Nineteenth century

A series of floods during the early nineteenth century, especially the most serious one in 1826, prompted Popes Leo XII and Gregory XVI, as sovereigns of the Papal States, to undertake construction works to control the flow of the water. This included canalisation of the river upstream from Tivoli, excavation of a tunnel through Monte Catillo, and a diversion of the river around Tivoli.
# Modesto Varischetti

Modesto Varischetti (24 October 1874 – 3 September 1920) was an Italian miner who was trapped in a gold mine for nine days after a thunderstorm flooded it in March 1907. The 12-level mine was located at Bonnievale, near Coolgardie, Western Australia.

## Biography

Varischetti was born in Gorno, in northern Italy, near Milan. The region was a well known mining area and he became a miner at age 13. He married his wife Maria and had five children, but like others in the poor region, he (along with two of his brothers) left Italy to earn better money in Australia.
Arriving in February 1900, he first worked in Clunes, Victoria. He traveled to Italy again, before returning in 1903 and being attracted to the Westralia & Eastern Extension Mine in Bonnievale. While there, his wife died in 1905, compelling him to make a return trip to Italy a third time. By October 1906, he was back in Bonnievale.
The mine was located between two valleys, but there was little concern for flooding due to the extremely dry local conditions. However, an unusual thunderstorm on the afternoon of 19 March dumped a year's worth of rainfall in just a few hours. Water soon funneled into the mine and all but one of the miners escaped.
Varischetti was trapped deep in the mine and survived by retreating into an air pocket until he was rescued. Pumping and mine equipment were then able to slowly lower the water level. A diver, Frank Hughes, using a long air hose and deep-sea diving equipment, first reached Varischetti five days after the flooding and provided him with food, clothes, candles, messages, and letters of encouragement. After nine days, the water level was finally low enough for Varischetti to walk to safety.
Herbert Hoover, who would later become President of the United States of America, was a mining engineer at nearby Kanowna and was involved in the mine rescue.
After his rescue, Varischetti was briefly feted, recovered, and returned to mining. He died 13 years later, at the age of 46, from fibrosis. He is buried in the Kalgoorlie Cemetery.

## Legacy

Varischetti's grave is marked by a headstone erected in 1987 and is part of a heritage walk trail devised by the Kalgoorlie-Boulder Cemetery Board.
Australian folk group Cloudstreet tells Modesto Varischetti's story in a song. The song's writer is unknown, and it was found in a booklet of songs entitled Moondyne Joe and other Sandgroper Ballads. It is based on an English folk song, "Down in the Coalmine".
The rescue inspired the play The Great Rescue. George Darrell also wrote a play on this called The Land of Gold.
# Sehan University

Sehan University is a private university located in Yeongam County, South Jeolla, South Korea. The current president is Lee Gyeong-sue (이경수), who has led the university since its founding in 1994.

## Academics

Six colleges oversee the university's undergraduate offerings: Teacher Training, Art and Physical Education, Public Health, Engineering, Police and Fire, and Humanities. There is a general graduate school, offering graduate training in many of these fields, and specialized graduate schools of Industrial Technology, Business Administration, Social Welfare, Public Health, and Education.

## History

The school opened in 1994 as Daebul Industrial College (대불공과대학). It became a university the following year.

## Notable people

* Seo In-guk, actor and singer
* Yoon Kyun-sang, actor and model
# Daedong College

Daedong College is a private technical college in Busan, the second-largest city in South Korea. Its campus lies in the district of Geumjeong-gu. About 50 instructors are employed.

## Academics

The college's academic offerings are divided among nine departments: Nursing, Department of Paramedicine, Dental Hygiene, Rehabilitation Care Welfare, Department of Hotel Culinary Arts & Bakery, Hotel Sommelier & Barista, BeautyHairDesign, Food&Dessert Start-up, NewMusic.

## History

The college opened in 1971 as Daedong Nursing School (대동간호학교). It became a junior college (대동간호전문대학) in 1979, and a full college in 1998. Academic offerings were first broadened beyond nursing in 1996, with the establishment of the Department of Cosmetology.

## Sister schools

International ties exist with University of Santo Tomas in the Philippines, and with Shanghai Normal University in China.
# Easkey GAA

Easkey is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in west County Sligo, including the principal village of Easkey and hinterlands of Rathlee, Killeenduff and Owenbeg. The club was founded in 1888.

## Honours
### Football

* Sligo Senior Football Championship (5): 1935, 1936, 1937, 1941, 1966
* Sligo Intermediate Football Championship (6): 1982, 1987, 1990, 2010, 2015, 2023
* Connacht Junior Club Football Championship (1): 2018
* Sligo Junior Football Championship (5): 1907, 1960, 1965, 1977, 2018
* Sligo Junior B Football Championship (1): 2000
* Sligo Senior Football League (Division 1) (7): 1947, 1951, 1952, 1967, 1969, 1994, 1998
* Sligo Intermediate Football League Division 3 (ex Div. 2) (1): 1981
* Sligo Junior Football League (Division 4) (1): 2015
* Sligo Junior Football League (Division 5) (1): 1977
* Kiernan Cup (1): 2007
* Benson Cup (1): 2011
* Sligo Under 20 Football Championship (3): 1995, 1997 (amalgamated with St. Farnan's), 2019 (amalgamated with Enniscrone)
* Sligo Minor Football Championship (3): 1931, 1980, 2016 (amalgamated with Enniscrone in 2016)

### Hurling

* Sligo Senior Hurling Championship (7): 1962, 1963, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024,
* Connacht Junior Club Hurling Championship (3) 2022, 2023, 2024,
* Dermot Molloy Hurling League (3): 2018, 2019, 2022
* Sligo Minor Hurling Championship (6): 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020

## Notable players

* Dessie Sloyan
* Seán Calleary
* Noel McGuire - Captained Sligo to Connacht Championship win in 2007
* Eugene Mullen, played for Sligo in a Connacht final, captained Easkey to the 2018 Connacht Junior Club Football Championship
* Andrew Kilcullen GAA/GPA Hurling Champions 15: 2022
# Egyptian Space Agency

The Egyptian Space Agency (EgSA) is an Egyptian space program founded on 17 January 2018, succeeding the National Authority for Remote Sensing & Space Sciences (NARSS) as the premier space authority in Egypt. The EgSA headquarters are housed in the Egyptian Space City, which also houses the African Space Agency (AfSA) headquarters, after Egypt won a bid to the African Union for its hosting in 2019. The EgSA operates under the scope of the Egyptian Government and sees many of its executive decisions made at a presidential level. EgSA is currently responsible for satellite launches and monitoring, as well providing a platform for affiliated STEM fields to further develop in Egypt. The EgSA and its predecessor have administered 13 satellites as of August 2024, with the first one being EgyptSat 1 in 2007, and the most recent being NEXSAT-1 launched on the 3rd of February, 2024.

## History
### Establishment of EgSA

After drafting a law facilitating the founding of an Egyptian Space Agency, the Egyptian Council of Ministers had deferred the action to the Parliament of Egypt, which soon approved the law on 14 November 2017, and finally it was ratified by President Abdel-Fattah al-Sisi as Law no.3 of 2018, officially establishing EgSA on 17 January 2018. To house this agency, a 5,000 square meter "space city" is being constructed consisting of twenty-three buildings, located in-between the fifth settlement of New Cairo and the country's New Administrative Capital (NAC). The EgSA has already begun operations in the space city, though it likely will not be fully operational for years.

## Management

The Egyptian Space Agency is (at a basic level) headed by a Chief Executive Director, the current head is Prof. Dr. Sherif Sedky (19 August 2022–present), who was preceded by Prof. Dr. Mohamed El-Qousi (January 2018-August 2022), the first to hold the position. All two of the Chief Executive Directors of the EgSA have been selected through Presidential Decree. The EgSA is altogether headed by a Board of Directors established by presidential decree in 2019, members of which include the Chief Executive Director of EgSA, the prime minister of Egypt, the minister of higher education, the minister of communications and information technology, and several representatives from multiple other ministries.
# Reza Naji

Mohamad Reza Amir Naji (pronunciation) is an Iranian theatre, film and TV actor and an iconic figure of Iranian cinema.

## Career

Naji started his career in theater as a teenager. While serving in the Iranian army, he continued to perform. His first film role was Children of Heaven (1997), which proved to be a breakthrough. For the role of Ali's father, director Majid Majidi sought an actor with an Azeri accent, and Naji was carefully selected from a group of 2,500 actors tested for the role.
Since then, he has played various roles in Iranian cinema. Among his most notable performances is Majidi's The Song of Sparrows, for which Naji won the Silver Bear at the Berlin International Film Festival, and Best Performance by an Actor at the 2008 Asia Pacific Screen Awards.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1997 | Children of Heaven | Ali's Father | |
| 1998 | Birth of a Butterfly | | |
| 2001 | Baran | Memar | |
| 2002 | Parandeh baz-e kouchak | | |
| 2005 | The Willow Tree | Morteza | |
| 2007 | Sargije | | |
| 2008 | The Song of Sparrows | Karim | Silver Bear, Berlin Film Festival |
| 2014 | Harud | Yusuf | Kashmiri film |
| 2014 | Toward Freedom | | |
| 2014 | Teacher | | |
| 2014 | Love is not Closed | | |
| 2018 | We Are All Together | | |
| 2020 | After the Incident | | |

## Awards

* 2008: Berlin International Film Festival: Silver Bear for Best Actor: The Song of Sparrows
* 2008: Best Performance by an Actor at the Asia Pacific Screen Awards.
# Alex Leon

Alex Leon or, as he signed his pictures, Leon Alex was the pseudonym of Romanian-Hungarian graphic artist and painter Sándor Löwinger (30 May 1907 – after 8 March 1944).

## Biography

Alex Leon was born into a Jewish family in Petroşani, Romania, in 1907. In 1916 his family moved to Oradea, where he finished the four-year middle school in 1922. In 1923 he began a men's tailor apprenticeship, which he finished in 1926 with a certificate. Being unsatisfied with that handicraft, he began working as a lithographer in 1927. In 1928 he attended the art school in Baia Mare.
In the spring of 1930 he made his first voyage to Prague. In 1932 he moved away from his family. He had his first exposition in the journalist's club of Oradea in 1933. In 1934 he visited Prague for the second time and had expositions in Timișoara, Arad, Cluj, again in Timișoara, then in Oradea. In 1934 and 1936 two albums with his lithographs were published in Timișoara.
In 1936 he went for a longer study trip to Paris, where he became a student of the painters Lajos Tihanyi and Marc Chagall. He returned to Romania in the summer of 1939 and lived in Oradea and Brasov, but mainly in Timișoara; in August 1940 he finally settled in Oradea. In July 1942 he was deported to do slave work on the Eastern military front.
In 1943 he fell ill with typhoid-related eczema, but received no medical treatment. In January 1944 he escaped to the Soviet Union, but had to go to a hospital because of frostbitten feet. He presumably died in Ostroh, Ukraine, after 8 March 1944.
Alex Leon was an expressionist artist; his work being regarded as a tribute to the social resonances of expressionism. His biographer, István Borghida [hu], called it "instinctive dream-painting".
# Tibor Szamuely (historian)

Tibor Szamuely (14 May 1925 – 10 December 1972) was a Russian-born Hungarian historian and polemicist.
Szamuely was born in Moscow, the eldest of three children and elder son of György Szamuely and his wife, Elsa Szanto, both from Hungarian Jewish merchant families. He received his education in England, first at Bertrand Russell's Beacon Hill School in Hampshire, and later at the progressive Summerhill School in Suffolk. Returning to Moscow in the 1930s with his family, he was later evacuated to Tomsk during the Second World War. He served with the Red Army in their occupation of Hungary, but would later return to the Soviet Union to study history at the University of Moscow.

## Background

In 1950, he was arrested on espionage charges and spent eighteen months at a lumber camp before being released at the request of Mátyás Rákosi. After his release, he took up academic work in Hungary, becoming vice-rector of the University of Budapest in 1957. After failing to participate in an attack on Georg Lukács, he was, however, dismissed from this post. He left Hungary in 1963 to teach at the Kwame Nkrumah Institute of Economic and Political Sciences (later the Kwame Nkrumah Ideological Institute) in Winneba, Ghana. In 1964, he settled in Britain with his family.
During his time in England, he taught at the University of Reading and contributed frequently to The Spectator, Encounter, The Daily Telegraph and The Sunday Telegraph. He was a close friend of Robert Conquest and Kingsley Amis and was a regular attendee of the lunches at Bertorelli restaurant.
He spent the latter part of his life living in Bayswater. In 1972, Szamuely died of cancer aged 47 in a hospital in London. He is buried at Kensal Green Cemetery, London.
His major study of Soviet history, The Russian Tradition, was edited by Robert Conquest and published posthumously by Secker & Warburg in 1974.
He was the nephew of Tibor Szamuely, a politician during the Hungarian Soviet Republic of 1919. He married Nina Orlova (1923–1974), and was the father of George Szamuely, a journalist who contributes to Russia Today, and of Helen Szamuely, a prominent figure in the founding of the UK Independence Party.
# Balboa Island Ferry

The Balboa Island Car Ferry is a ferry service in Newport Beach, California.
The ferry boats travel under 1,000 feet from Balboa Island to the Balboa Peninsula (Fun Zone area) and vice versa, reaching a top speed of four miles per hour. The speed limit in the harbor is 5 miles per hour, and the ferry docks about every 5 minutes. A full-time captain will dock the ferry at least 22,500 times every year, traveling at least 3,200 miles every year.

## History

In 1919 Joseph Allan Beek obtained the rights from the city of Newport Beach to provide a ferry service across the Newport Harbor between Balboa Island and the Balboa Peninsula. Before starting the ferry service Beek owned The Ark. The Ark consisted of a giant rowboat with a small engine which Beek used as his first ferry vessel. The Ark carried oars in the event of engine failure. There was no regularly scheduled service and customers telephoned Beek when they needed a ride across the harbor.
In 1919 Beek charged 5 cents per person. Three years after commencing operation, Beek built the Fat Ferry. This vessel held 20 passengers. Beek later built a small one car barge which the Fat Ferry pushed across in front of it.
In the 1950s Beek built three double-ended wooden boats for his ferry service: the Admiral, the Commodore, and the Captain. These three boats remain in service and have transported over two million persons. Each ferry holds three cars and 75 people. As of 2021, the Beek family charges $1.25 per adult, $2.25 per vehicle, $.50 for children ages 5–11, $1.50 for adults on bikes, $.75 for children on bikes, and $1.75 for motorcycles. Children under the age of 5 are free.
The ferry boats need constant maintenance but this does not usually interrupt service. For two weeks in 2008 the ferry service shut down for an extended period, for the first time in 50 years, to rebuild the automobile ramp leading to the boats. In January 2022 another partial outage for construction caused the ferry to accept only foot traffic, but not vehicles.
Beek’s three sons run the business.

## Appearances in popular culture

The ferry was featured in the 1949 movie The Reckless Moment starring James Mason and Joan Bennett.
The Commodore ferry appears in the 1999 telefilm The Thirteenth Year.
The ferry was also featured by Huell Howser in California's Gold Episode 10009.

## Gallery

* Balboa Island Ferry at night
* View of the Balboa Island Ferry Terminal on Balboa Island
* View of the Balboa Island Ferry Terminal on Balboa Peninsula
* View of the Balboa Island Ferry Terminal on Balboa Peninsula

## Other Nearby Historic Sights

* Balboa Fun Zone (Est. 1936). Rides, food, shops, merry-go-round, and Ferris wheel.
* Balboa Pavilion (Est. 1906). Newport Beach's most famous landmark.
* Balboa Pier (Est. 1906). Built as a sister project with the Balboa Pavilion to attract landbuyers to the Balboa Peninsula.
* Rendezvous Ballroom (Est. 1928, destroyed by fire 1966). A plaque marks the former site.