OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Green aracari

The green araçari (Pteroglossus viridis), is a toucan, a near-passerine bird. It is found in the lowland forests of northeastern South America (the Guiana Shield), in the northeast Amazon Basin, the Guianas and the eastern Orinoco River drainage of Venezuela. At 30–40 cm. (12–16 in) long and weighing 110–160 grams (3.9–5.7 oz.), it is the smallest aracari in its range, and among the smallest members of the toucan family.

## Taxonomy and systematics

The green aracari was originally classified in the genus Ramphastos. The species is named for the green feathers covering its back.

## Description

Males' crowns are black, while females' are reddish brown.

## Behaviour and ecology
### Breeding

Breeding occurs from February to June. It nests in tree cavities, producing 2–4 white eggs. The parents cooperate in rearing their young.

### Food and feeding

Its diet consists mostly of fruit, including the fruits of Cecropia trees and the palm Oenocarpus bacaba. The serrated edges of the green aracari's large bill help the bird to grip and gather fruit. Insects are also an occasional part of the diet, giving the birds additional protein.

## Pets

In captivity it is the most frequently bred member of the toucan family and is the most popular as a tame hand-fed pet. It requires a large cage and toys to prevent boredom due to its active nature, and a high-fruit diet. When all these requirements are met it is an affectionate companion for many years.
# BRT Kuching

The BRT Kuching is a proposed bus rapid transit (BRT) project to improve bus services in the city of Kuching. In 2011, it was reported the project will be start on 2012, but still no green lights from the government for making such project. At the end of 2015, the 2016 Malaysian Budget channelling MYR1 billion to build Kota Kinabalu bus rapid transit system first before focusing the project in Kuching.
# Thimmamma Marrimanu

14°1′40.80″N 78°19′30.37″E﻿ / ﻿14.0280000°N 78.3251028°E﻿ / 14.0280000; 78.3251028Thimmamma Marrimanu (Telugu: తిమ్మమ్మ మర్రిమాను, lit. 'Thimmamma's Banyan Tree') is a banyan tree in Anantapur, located about 25 kilometers from Kadiri, Andhra Pradesh, India. It is probably a specimen of Ficus benghalensis. In the Telugu language, "marri" denotes "banyan" and "manu" denotes "trunk". Its canopy covers 19,107 m$^2$ (4.721 acres), and it was recorded as the largest tree specimen in the world in the Guinness Book of World Records in 1989. The tree is revered by Hindus, Buddhists and Jains.

## Legend

According to a local myth, the tree is named after Thimmamma, a woman who committed sati (suicide by throwing herself on the funeral pyre of her husband's dead body). The tree is said to have originated from one of the poles used in the funeral pyre.

## Religious significance

The great banyan tree is revered by the people of Indian-origin religions such as Hinduism (including Vedic, Shaivism, Dravidian Hinduism), Buddhism and Jainism. A small temple dedicated to Thimmamma is beneath the tree. The residents of the region strongly believe that if a childless couple worships Thimmamma they will beget a child in the next year. A large jatara is conducted at Thimmamma on the day of the Shivaratri festival, when thousands flock to the tree to worship it.

## Reputation

The tree was first noticed and revealed to the world by Regret Iyer (Sathyanarayana Iyer), a freelance journalist and photographer from Bangalore, Karnataka, India, who made all efforts to have the tree recorded in the Guinness Book of World Records as "World's largest Banyan Tree" in the 1989 edition.
A Telugu-language historical novel Sri Veeraiah Nayakuni charitra (Thimmammamarrimanu kata) (Telugu: శ్రీ వీరయ్య నాయకుని చరిత్ర) was written and published by academic Dr. S. S. Giridhara Prasad Roy, in 1989. He translated and published the same story with the title The Story of Thimmammamarrimanu in 2012. He has written an article Thimmammamarrimanu: A Folk Tale of Anantapuramu District in 2016.
Thimmamma Marrimanu was discussed in the second segment of the BBC series The Tree Spirits (29 August 2017).
# Mary Grant

Mary Grant may refer to:
* Mary Grant Price (1917–2002), American costume designer
* Mary Grant (politician) (1928–2016), Ghanaian politician
* Mary Grant (sculptor) (1831–1908), British sculptor
* Mary K. Grant (1902–1975), American industrial designer
* Mary E. Grant (born 1953), American psychiatric nurse and politician
* Mary Pollock Grant (1876–1957), Scottish suffragette, politician, missionary and policewoman
* Mary Grant (archer) (born 1949), Canadian former archer
* Mary Goodell Grant (1857–1941), American socialite and first lady of Colorado
* Maria Rosetti (1819–1893), née Marie Grant, Guernsey-born Wallachian and Romanian political activist, journalist, essayist, philanthropist, and socialite
* Mary Seacole (1805–1881), née Mary Grant, Jamaican-born woman of Scottish and Creole descent who set up a 'British Hotel' behind the lines during the Crimean War
* Liz Grant (Mary Elizabeth Grant, born 1930), Australian former pharmacist and politician
* Mary Grant in Jules Verne novel In Search of the Castaways
# Ali Radjel

Ali Radjel Cheikh Bachir (born 18 January 1998) is a professional footballer who plays as a left winger for Tercera Federación club Tarancón. Born in the Sahrawi refugee camps, he is a naturalised citizen of Spain.

## Club career

Ali Radjel was born in Tindouf, Algeria (within the Sahrawi refugee camps) to a Sahrawi mother and a Mauritanian father, and moved to Spain with his family at the age of nine. In July 2016, he moved to Rayo Vallecano's youth setup after representing UB Conquense.
In 2017, after finishing his formation, Ali Radjel moved to Lithuania and joined a host of Spaniards at FK Utenis Utena. After appearing with the B-team in the I Lyga, he made his first team – and A Lyga – debut on 10 August of that year, coming on as a half-time substitute in a 1–1 home draw against FC Stumbras; he scored his first goal on 22 October, in a 3–0 away success over the same club.
On 4 November 2017, Ali Radjel scored a brace in a 2–2 draw at FK Atlantas, and finished the season with four goals in 14 appearances. The following February, he returned to Spain and signed for Tercera División side Atlético Monzón.
In July 2018, after featuring regularly, Ali Radjel moved to UD Logroñés, being initially assigned to the reserves also in the fourth division. He made his first team debut on 2 December, playing the last three minutes in a 1–1 Segunda División B home draw against Real Sociedad B.
In June 2019, after scoring a career-best 20 goals for Logroñés' B-side, Ali Radjel moved to another reserve team, CD Numancia B still in the fourth tier. On 18 June of the following year, he made his first team debut by replacing Erik Morán late into a 1–2 home loss against Cádiz CF in the Segunda División championship. He made two more appearances at the end of that season as the club suffered relegation, but his involvement did not increase in the 2020-21 Segunda División B campaign, only taking the field once as a late substitute and again being utilised mainly by Numancia B.
After a season back with UD Logroñés, appearing exclusively for their reserves in the new fourth tier – the Segunda Federación – he signed for CD Palencia Cristo Atlético, of the same level, in June 2022.
# E-semigroup

In the area of mathematics known as semigroup theory, an E-semigroup is a semigroup in which the idempotents form a subsemigroup.
Certain classes of E-semigroups have been studied long before the more general class, in particular, a regular semigroup that is also an E-semigroup is known as an orthodox semigroup.
Weipoltshammer proved that the notion of weak inverse (the existence of which is one way to define E-inversive semigroups) can also be used to define/characterize E-semigroups as follows: a semigroup S is an E-semigroup if and only if, for all a and b ∈ S, W(ab) = W(b)W(a), where W(a) ≝ {x ∈ S | xax = x} is the set of weak inverses of a.
# Zenjiro Watanabe

Zenjiro Watanabe (渡辺 善次郎, Watanabe Zenjirō, born 11 February 1914, date of death unknown) was a Japanese figure skater. He competed in the men's singles event at the 1936 Winter Olympics.
# Raymond Heard Stadium

32°31′59″N 92°04′06″W﻿ / ﻿32.532930°N 92.068249°W﻿ / 32.532930; -92.068249
The Raymond Heard Stadium is a tennis stadium in Monroe, Louisiana. It was constructed in 1976 and has been home to the ULM tennis team for over 30 years and opened its gates to a pair of fall tournaments in 2008 for the first time in over 15 years.
The stadium's courts have been home to nine women's conference championship teams and a pair of All-Americans.
In addition to serving as home for Warhawk champions, the stadium has hosted multiple conference championships. Beginning with the Trans America Athletic Conference Championship (now Atlantic Sun Conference) in 1980, the courts have hosted seven league championship events. ULM has hosted two Atlantic Sun Championships (1980 - 1981) and four Southland Conference Championships (1982 - 1994 - 1996 - 1998) at Heard Stadium.
Most recently, ULM tennis became the first Warhawk program to host a Sun Belt Conference Championship after welcoming the league's men's and women's teams for the 2008 Championships. The championship event marked the first on-campus league championship tournament hosted by the Warhawks since joining the league as full members prior to Heard Stadium has also played host to a trio of National Invitational Tournaments (1982 - 1983 - 1984) and has been the host site of several United States Tennis Association tournaments.
The stadium recently underwent a face-lift to prepare it for the Sun Belt Conference Championship and now features 15 fully illuminated courts and elevated grandstand seating. The courts were resurfaced for the 2003 regular season and again prior to the 2008 campaign.

## Gallery

* Raymond Heard Stadium courts and stands
* Raymond Heard Stadium exterior
# John Beaton (Canadian football)

John Beaton (born March 2, 1950) is a former Grey Cup champion defensive back who played eight seasons in the Canadian Football League, winning two Grey Cup Championships.
Beaton started his career with the Edmonton Eskimos, playing 4 seasons and 47 games, intercepting 10 passes, and playing in three Grey Cup games, winning in 1975 against the Montreal Alouettes. In 1976 he joined the Larks for two seasons, playing 17 games and picking off 4 passes, and winning another Grey Cup against his old team in 1977. He finished with 3 seasons with the BC Lions, where he played 40 games with 6 interceptions.
# Torpedo (petroleum)

A torpedo is an explosive device used, especially in the early days of the petroleum industry, to fracture the surrounding rock at the bottom of an oil well to stimulate the flow of oil and to remove built-up paraffin wax that would restrict the flow. Earlier torpedoes used gunpowder, but the use of nitroglycerin eventually became widespread. The development of hydraulic fracturing rendered torpedoes obsolete, and is the primary fracturing process used today.

## Use

A torpedo consisted of canisters that were filled with an explosive and lowered into a well via a rope or wire. Gunpowder was used in the first torpedoes, but nitroglycerin was found to work better despite its instability. The well is usually filled with water to prevent the explosion from escaping upwards. Originally, the topmost canister had a percussion cap that was to detonate the main charge. An iron weight was dropped down the well to set the torpedo off. After incidents of premature explosions, a second method was developed in which a tube of the explosive was placed in a larger tube that was packed with sand. A fuse was wound around the inner tube, connected to a blasting cap. When the torpedo was to be used, the inner tube was filled with nitroglycerin and corked; the fuse was lit and torpedo was dropped down the well.
Torpedoes were generally used to remove buildup of paraffin wax from an oil well. Before the use of torpedoes caught on, boiling water or benzene was often poured down wells to try to dissolve the paraffin. Torpedoes were also used to fracture the rock to allow the oil to flow more easily.

## History

Edward A. L. Roberts developed the first torpedo and submitted a patent application in November 1864. Roberts, an American Civil War veteran, came up with the concept of using water to "tamp" the resulting explosion, after watching Confederate artillery rounds explode in a canal at the Battle of Fredericksburg. Roberts developed his first torpedoes in 1865 and 1866. In November 1866 he was granted a patent on his torpedo application, and founded the Roberts Petroleum Torpedo Company. William Reed also developed a torpedo design and went on to found a rival company "for the purpose of infringing and breaking down the Roberts patent. Roberts charged $100–200 per torpedo as well as a royalty amounting to 1⁄15 of the increased oil production. To avoid paying the exorbitant fees, an owner of a well would often hire men who illegally produced their own torpedoes and used them at night—the practice giving rise to term "moonlighting". Roberts spent $250,000 to protect his patent from the "moonlighters" by hiring the Pinkerton National Detective Agency and filing numerous lawsuits. Roberts' torpedo patents expired in 1879.
Torpedoes manufactured today use modern explosives, with the last nitroglycerin torpedo being used on May 5, 1990.
# Mark Johnson (Minnesota politician)

Mark Johnson is an American lawyer, politician, and member of the Minnesota Senate. A Republican, Johnson represents parts of Kittson, Marshall, Pennington, Polk, Red Lake, Norman and Roseau counties in northwestern Minnesota. He previously served as acting majority leader of the Minnesota Senate, and now serves as minority leader.

## Early life, education, and career

Johnson was raised near Mentor, Minnesota. After graduating from Fertile-Beltrami High School, he received a bachelor's degree from Bethel University and a J.D. degree from the University of North Dakota. Johnson owns a legal firm in East Grand Forks, Minnesota and is a partner in his family's concrete business.

## Minnesota Senate

Johnson was elected to the Minnesota Senate in 2016 by a wide margin and reelected in 2020. He succeeded LeRoy Stumpf, who retired after 34 years in the Senate.

## Personal life

Johnson and his wife, Skyler, have three children and live in East Grand Forks.
# Breeder (animal)

In agriculture and in animal fancy, a breeder is an animal used for selective breeding. A breeder is usually a purebred animal, bred with the intent of producing purebred, or even show-quality animals. However, in some cases, a breeding animal is crossbred with another breed or a mixed breed with the intent of combining aspects of two or more different breeds.

## Purebred and registered animals

If the breeding is for a purebred animal that will be used for exhibition or future breeding (pets or livestock), the animal must be registered and conform to the criteria laid out for that breed in a breed standard kept by a central authority, such as a kennel club for dogs. In addition, the breed club, kennel club, or other governing authority may have other restrictions on the type of animal that can be used for breeding to produce offspring that can be registered.
For example, some horse registries allow backbred and crossbred individuals to be breeders. However, most dog registries do not accept crossbred animals for registration, except in exceptional circumstances and only by permission. Most kennel clubs allow any registered individual to be a breeder, however the individual breed club may have additional criteria such as having to pass certain eligibility requirements.

## Terminology

In animal fancy, there are specialized words for breeding animals in some species. (Not to be confused with the words for an animal's parents, sire and dam.)
| Species | Male | Female |
| Cat | stud | queen |
| Cattle | bull | heifer or cow |
| Dog | stud | brood bitch |
| Goat | buck | doe |
| Guinea pig | boar | sow |
| Horse | stallion | mare |
| Pigeon | cock | hen |
| Rabbit | buck | doe |
| Sheep | ram | ewe |
# Waffen Grenadier Regiment of the SS (1st Bulgarian)

The Waffen Grenadier Regiment of the SS (1st Bulgarian) (German: Waffen-Grenadier Regiment der SS (Bulgarisches Nr. 1)) was formed in World War II when Bulgaria left the Axis powers and joined the Allies in September 1944. Hitler hoped to raise two divisions of SS volunteers from among Bulgarians to fight on the side of Nazi Germany, but the Soviet advance into Bulgaria meant this never materialized.

## Formation and activity

It was made up of volunteering Bulgarian workers and soldiers who did not agree with their government's decision to change their allegiance to the Allies. Only small numbers of pro-German Bulgarians were able to join outside Bulgaria, including some from the Fifth Army engaged in the occupation of Yugoslavia. The formation fought initially in occupied territories in Yugoslavia and Greece, in the corps under the command of General Friedrich-Wilhelm Müller. They fought to protected the retreat of the German Army Group E in the Vardar valley. Most of the volunteers were attached to German military units in the late 1944.
The unit pledged allegiance to Aleksandar Tsankov's Bulgarian government-in-exile. Morale was not very high. Soldiers were forced to plant potatoes in a nearby field due to ration shortages. The regiment was transferred to the Eastern front of Germany in January 1945, participating in the Battle of the Oder–Neisse against Soviet troops. The unit was re-equipped with anti-tank weaponry in April 1945 and renamed the SS Tank Destroyer Regiment. At that time a group of soldiers made an attempt to desert. They were hunted down and caught and a firefight ensued, in which three deserters were killed. At the onset of the Allies in early May, the regiment disbanded itself.

## Commanders

* SS-Standartenführer Günther Anhalt
* SS-Oberführer Heinz Bertling
* SS-Oberführer Bogosanow
* SS-Oberführer Rogozarow
# Electoral district of Lake Macquarie

Lake Macquarie is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in Greater Newcastle, Hunter region of the Australian state of New South Wales. It is represented by the independent Greg Piper.

## Geography

Lake Macquarie is entirely located in the City of Lake Macquarie, Greater Newcastle and includes suburbs as far north as Killingworth, Boolaroo and Cardiff and as far east as Cardiff South. Suburbs further north are in Cessnock and Wallsend and suburbs further east are in Charlestown and Swansea.

## Members for Lake Macquarie

| Member | Party | Term |
| Jim Simpson | Labor | 1950–1968 |
| Merv Hunter | Labor | 1969–1991 |
| Jeff Hunter | Labor | 1991–2007 |
| Greg Piper | Independent | 2007–present |

## Election results

2023 New South Wales state election: Lake Macquarie :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Independent | Greg Piper | 29,093 | 57.5 | +3.0 |
| | Labor | Steve Ryan | 10,031 | 19.8 | −0.8 |
| | Liberal | Joshua Beer | 5,091 | 10.1 | −5.5 |
| | Shooters, Fishers, Farmers | Jason Lesage | 3,203 | 6.3 | +6.3 |
| | Greens | Kim Grierson | 2,430 | 4.8 | −0.1 |
| | Sustainable Australia | Felipe Gore-Escalante | 761 | 1.5 | 0.0 |
| Total formal votes | Total formal votes | Total formal votes | 50,609 | 97.3 | +0.8 |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 1,386 | 2.7 | −0.8 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 51,995 | 88.1 | −0.1 |
| Notional two-party-preferred count ||||||
| | Labor | Steve Ryan | 16,981 | 62.8 | +6.3 |
| | Liberal | Joshua Beer | 10,069 | 37.2 | −6.3 |
| Two-candidate-preferred result ||||||
| | Independent | Greg Piper | 32,905 | 74.1 | +0.9 |
| | Labor | Steve Ryan | 11,492 | 25.9 | −0.9 |
| | Independent hold | Independent hold | Swing | +0.9 | |
# Lúðvík Geirsson

Lúðvík Geirsson (born 21 April 1959) is an Icelandic politician.
# Eric Lipman

Eric L. Lipman is an American politician and judge in Minnesota. He served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 2001 to 2004 as a member of the Republican party, representing district 56B until November 2002 and after redistricting district 56A.

## Career

Lipman holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science from Union College and obtained his Juris Doctor degree from George Washington University Law School.

### Minnesota House of Representatives, 2001-2004

During the 82nd Legislative Session(2001-2), Lipman served as the Chairman of the House Subcommittee on Elections.
During the 83rd Legislative Session,(2002-4) Lipman served as vice-chairman of the House Governmental Operations and Veterans Affairs Policy Committee, and was part of the negotiating team on the Omnibus Judiciary Finance Bill.

### Sex Offender Policy Coordinator, 2004-2006

After the 2004 legislative session, Lipman resigned and accepted an inter-agency position in Governor Tim Pawlenty's Administration as State's Sex Offender Policy Coordinator.
In September 2004, Pawlenty officially assigned him as the Coordinator staff liaison between a 12-member panel and the Governor's office where Lipman pressed for reform on the sentencing, supervision and treatment of predatory offenders in Minnesota. In January 2005, Pawlenty drew upon the panel's work when he proposed sex offender reforms. A number of these reforms were enacted by the Minnesota Legislature that year.

### Administrative Law Judge, 2006-present

In August 2006, Lipman was appointed by then-Chief Administrative Law Judge Raymond R. Krause as an Administrative Law Judge in the Minnesota Office of Administrative Hearings. Between June 2010 and September 2013, Lipman served as the Assistant Chief Administrative Law Judge for the Administrative Law Division.
During his tenure as an Administrative Law Judge, Lipman rendered written opinions in a number of high-profile cases, including:
* in 2013 on childhood vaccinations, In the Matter of the Proposed Rules of the Department of Health Governing School and Child Care Immunizations, OAH Docket No. 8-0900-30570
* in 2014 regarding the international building code, In the Matter of the International Residential Code, OAH Docket No. 8-1900-30855
* in 2014 regarding an Xcel Energy solar energy `planIn the Matter of the Petition of Xcel Energy for Approval of a Competitive Resource Acquisition Proposal, OAH Docket No. 8-2500-30760
* in 2014 regarding healthcare surcharge appealsIn the Matter of the Consolidated Hospital Surcharge Appeals of Gillette Children's Specialty Healthcare
* in 2015 regarding the Sandpiper pipeline, In the Matter of the Application of North Dakota Pipeline Company, LLC for a Certificate of Need for the Sandpiper pipeline Project in Minnesota, OAH Docket No. 8-2500-31260

## Electoral history

* 2000 MN State House Seat 56B
** Eric Lipman (R), 47.17%
** Mike Redmond (DFL), 45.49%
* 2002 MN State House Seat 56A
** Eric Lipman (R), 49.99%
** Mike Redmond (DFL), 46.18%