OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fort Bonifacio Tunnel

The 1910 Fort Bonifacio War Memorial Tunnel is a tunnel that was part of Fort William McKinley (renamed Fort Bonifacio), a military base built by the US Military Government of the Philippines in 1902. The tunnel alignment is now part of Taguig's Bonifacio Global City district and the Embo barangays, and is considered a historical site by the Bases Conversion Development Authority (BCDA). The main roads near it are C-5 and Kalayaan Avenue.

## History

The tunnel was initially used as a passageway for military supplies and war materials. It was first constructed around 1936 with the help of Igorots. It stretches 2.24 kilometres (1.39 mi) at an average depth of 70 feet (21 m) that spans from the Pasig River, to the area now called Pembo and East Rembo.
The Fort McKinley Tunnel was intended for the creation of an underground aerial bombing-free Air Warning Service of the Army Air Force known as “The Fort McKinley Project”. It was to be a part of the modernization of the country's communication facilities. Digging for the tunnel began in October 1941.
On January 2, 1942, the Japanese entered Manila. They immediately captured Fort McKinley, turning it to one of their important installations and renaming it Sakura Heiei (Cherry Blossom Barracks).
After their arrival in 1942, the Japanese continued extending further the tunnel but left it when Manila's liberation campaign started in October 1944. As the US Air Force started bombing Manila, the Sakura Heiei's tunnel served as shelter of the high military officials. On February 13, 1945, the Japanese abandoned Fort McKinley.
In 1949, the base was transferred to the Philippine Government and renamed Fort Bonifacio. It also became the Philippine Army headquarters. The tunnel was made into ammunition storage and supply storeroom and later part of the Philippine Army Museum and Library. The tunnel was last rehabilitated in 1976. In 1995, the tunnel was officially closed to the public.
In 2023, the Embo barangays of East Rembo and Pembo were removed from Makati and transferred to Taguig in accordance of a Supreme Court ruling that places the entire Fort Bonifacio area, as well as the tunnel, under the latter city government.
# France at the 1964 Summer Paralympics

France sent a delegation to compete at the 1964 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo, Japan. The French athletes finished eleventh in the overall medal count.

## Medalists

Belgium and France both sent one athlete each to form a team for dartchery mixed pairs open. This team finished third and a bronze medal was attributed to both countries in the medal table.
| Medal | Name | Sport | Event |
| Gold | René David Ilanoun Roger Schuh | Archery | Men's St. Nicholas round team open |
| Gold | Serge Bec | Wheelchair fencing | Men's épée individual |
| Gold | Serge Bec | Wheelchair fencing | Men's sabre individual |
| Gold | Serge Bec Michel Foucre Aimé Planchon | Wheelchair fencing | Men's sabre team |
| Silver | Lercerf Musy Seguin | Archery | Men's Columbia round team open |
| Silver | Serge Bec Michel Foucre Aimé Planchon | Wheelchair fencing | Men's épée team |
| Bronze | René David | Archery | Men's St. Nicholas round open |
| Bronze | Jacques Biron | Athletics | Men's slalom open |
| Bronze | Pesnaud Raymond Schelfaut | Dartchery | Mixed pairs open |
| Bronze | Aimé Planchon | Swimming | Women's 50m breaststroke incomplete class 3 |
| Bronze | Aimé Planchon | Wheelchair fencing | Men's sabre individual |
# Águas Formosas

Águas Formosas is a Brazilian municipality located in the north-east of the state of Minas Gerais. Its population as of 2020 was 19,247 living in a total area of 817 km$^2$. The city belongs to the statistical mesoregion of Vale do Mucuri and to the statistical microregion of Nanuque. It became a municipality in 1938.

## Geography

Águas Formosas is located at an elevation of 273 meters in the Rio Pampã valley. It is east of the important federal highway BR-116 to which it is connected by state highways MG-105 and 409. The nearest major population center is Teófilo Otoni.
The distance to Teófilo Otoni is 158 km; and the distance to state capital Belo Horizonte is 613 km. Neighboring municipalities are: Fronteira dos Vales (N); Machacalis (E); Crisólita (S); and Novo Oriente de Minas (W).

## Economy

The main economic activities are services, and agriculture. The GDP in 2005 was R$60 million, with 41 million from services, 6 million from industry, and 9 million from agriculture. There were 866 rural producers on 57,000 hectares of land. Only 17 farms had tractors (2006). 2,500 persons were dependent on agriculture. The main crops were sugarcane, beans, and corn. There were 55,000 head of cattle (2006). There were 2 banks (2007) and 681 automobiles (508 motorcycles), giving a ratio of 28 inhabitants per automobile.

## Municipal social indicators

The social indicators rank it in the bottom tier of municipalities in the state.
* Municipal Human Development Index: 0.639 (2000)
* State ranking: 770 out of 853 municipalities as of 2000
* National ranking: 3,948 out of 5,138 municipalities as of 2000
* Literacy rate: 68%
* Life expectancy: 63 (average of males and females)
The highest ranking municipality in Minas Gerais in 2000 was Poços de Caldas with 0.841, while the lowest was Setubinha with 0.568. Nationally the highest was São Caetano do Sul in São Paulo with 0.919, while the lowest was Setubinha. In more recent statistics (considering 5,507 municipalities) Manari in the state of Pernambuco has the lowest rating in the country--0,467--putting it in last place.

## Health and education

There were 6 health clinics and one private hospital with 87 beds in 2005. Patients with more serious health conditions are transported to Teófilo Otoni. Educational needs were met by 31 primary schools, 2 middle schools, and 5 pre-primary schools.
# Pavenham Osier Beds

Pavenham Osier Beds is a 1.3 hectare nature reserve south of Pavenham, on the banks of the River Great Ouse, in Bedfordshire. It is managed by the Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire.
This is a wet meadow next to the River Great Ouse, which has the uncommon flower meadow-rue. Osier is a type of willow which is continually cut, stimulating its growth and supplying material for basket weavers. The Trust is continuing the tradition by planting more osiers.
An osier bed is an area where willows were formerly planted and coppiced to produce withies which were used for basket making, fish-traps, and other purposes. The willow species salix viminalis was typically grown for this purpose. Willow rods (cuttings) would be planted, which root easily in moist ground, and the growth of the willow withies would be cut every one or two years.
There is access by a footpath on the left of Mill Lane. There are no footpaths in this small site.
# Opuntia chiangiana

Opuntia chiangiana, commonly known as Chiang's prickly pear or the xoconostle, is a species of prickly pear cactus in the family Cactaceae. It was described by Léia Scheinvar and Gladys Manzanero in 2009. The species was named in honor of Fernando Chiang, who was a professor at the Institute of Biology of the National Autonomous University of Mexico.

## Description

Opuntia chiangiana on average reaches 8–10 ft. (2.4–3 m) tall, and forms reddish-purple, edible fruits, that are known to be very acidic. It forms long, sharp spines out of its pads, with fruit walls that do not fall off when they are fully mature. Natural predators to the cactus are generally limited, as the spines are very long and sharp on the fruit and the pads, so birds tend to stay away from the species fruit for the most part.

## Distribution and habitat

It is endemic to the Cuicatlán District, Oaxaca, Mexico, where it grows exclusively in the subtropical zone. It is quite rare throughout its smaller-sized habitat though, with scattered individuals and groupings. The species was introduced to India, in drier conditions though, most likely as an ornamental cactus.

## Conservation

No official conservation status has been assigned to Opuntia chiangiana yet, although there may be one in the future.

## Uses

Opuntia chiangiana is used almost primarily for its fruit, that potentially could fetch profit at a local farmers market, or in plain wholesale.
# Gae Bennett

Gae Virginia Adamson Bennett (April 20, 1917 – March 30, 2002) was an American agricultural economist and author.

## Early life and marriage

Bennett was born on April 20, 1917, in Whitmer, West Virginia, the eldest of eight children. Her parents were Bruce Adamson and Opal Sites. She was married to Oran Bennett, a chemist in the Bureau of Animal Industry, and they had one son and one daughter.

## Career

Bennett started her federal service in the 1940s as a researcher with the Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricultural Engineering (BPISAE). While working for the United States Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service as chief agricultural economist and statistical coordinator, Bennett authored and co-authored numerous published articles, volumes and books on agricultural production and trade around the world, with a focus on the Western Hemisphere. During her time in the department, Bennett was also a staff writer for Foreign Agriculture magazine. In her role with the agency, she helped to maintain the Foreign Agricultural Trade System of the United States.
In 1970, Bennett was appointed as an observer to the Inter-American Statistical Institute, representing the U.S. government. Bennett retired from government service in 1979 and moved to Northern Virginia. Her work continues to be sited by researchers in the fields of agricultural economics, pollution, food policy, and global trade.

## Death

Bennett died on March 30, 2002, at the age of 84 and is interred at Dayton Cemetery in Rockingham County, Virginia.

## Works

* Sulphur in Fertilizers, Soil Amendments, and Manures, 1949
* Fertilizer Expenditures in Relation to Farm Income in Various States, 1952
* Foreign Agriculture Economic Report, 1961
* Food Balances for 24 Countries of the Western Hemisphere, 1964
* The Agricultural Situation in the Western Hemisphere, 1965
* U.S. Agricultural Trade with the Western Hemisphere, 1965
* Agricultural Policies in the Western Hemisphere, 1967
* The Agricultural Situation in the Far East and Oceania, 1969
* Agricultural Production and Trade of Colombia, 1973
# Francisco Sá, Minas Gerais

Francisco Sá is a municipality in the north of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. As of 2020 the population was 26,369 in a total area of 2,749 km². The elevation is 664 meters above sea level.
Francisco Sá is located 51 km northeast of regional center Montes Claros and is on highway BR-251. It is part of the IBGE statistical microregion of Montes Claros.
The main economic activity is cattle raising with 150,720 head counted in 2006. There were 1,497 rural producers with an agricultural area of 168,645 hectares, of which 100,900 hectares were in natural pasture. Other crops grown were corn, beans, manioc, bananas, and tropical fruits. The Gross Domestic Product was R$97,906,000 (2005). There were 2 banking agencies (2006). Health needs were taken care of by 13 health clinics. As of 2006 there was no hospital. The nearest hospital was in Montes Claros.
Municipal Human Development Index
* MHDI: .662
* State ranking: 701 out of 853 municipalities
* National ranking: 3,570 out of 5,138 municipalities
* Life expectancy: 69
* Literacy rate: 72
# Macrarene

Macrarene is a genus of small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Liotiidae within the superfamily Trochoidea, the top snails, turban snails and their allies.

## Description

The white shells have a turbinate shape and a broad umbilicus. They are characterized by axial ribs and spiral cords, that form spines at their intersections. The lip is not thickened at maturity. It differs from the closely related genus Arene through its lack of shell pigments and in the spacing of the axial sculpture.

## Species

Species within the genus Macrarene include:
* Macrarene californica (Dall, 1908)
* Macrarene cookeana (Dall, 1918)
* Macrarene coronadoensis Stohler, 1959
* Macrarene diegensis McLean 1964
* Macrarene digitata McLean, Absalao & Santos Cruz, 1988
* Macrarene farallonensis (A. G. Smith, 1952)
* Macrarene lepidotera McLean, 1970
* Macrarene spectabilospina Shasky, 1970
# USS Volunteer (ID-3242)

The second USS Volunteer (ID-3242) was a United States Navy collier in commission from 1918 to 1919.

## Construction acquisition, and commissioning

SS Volunteer was built for the United States Shipping Board as a cargo ship by the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation at Alameda, California, and launched on 18 May 1918. She was earmarked for U.S. Navy World War I service with the naval registry Identification Number (Id. No.) 3242, and was delivered to the Navy on 23 August 1918. She was commissioned as USS Volunteer the same day.

## United States Navy service

Pressed into service as a collier, Volunteer departed San Francisco, California, on 7 September 1918, bound for East Asia. During that voyage, she made port calls at Shanghai, China, and Hong Kong before arriving at Manila on the island of Luzon in the Philippines on 24 October 1918. From there, she moved south to Iloilo on the island of Panay, located in the central Philippines. She reached Iloilo on 6 November 1918 and, after a false start and a return for additional fuel, finally set course back to the United States on 8 December 1918. Volunteer reached Oahu in the Hawaiian Islands on 1 January 1919 and remained in Hawaii until 9 January 1919, when she got underway for the United States East Coast. Volunteer arrived in New York City on 15 February 1919.
On 27 February 1919, Volunteer was simultaneously decommissioned, stricken from the Navy List, and returned to the United States Shipping Board.

## Later career

Once again SS Volunteer, the ship remained in the possession of the United States Shipping Board until 1937, when she was sold to the Lykes Brothers-Ripley Steamship Company of New Orleans, Louisiana. That company operated her under the name SS Volunteer until either 1946 or 1948, then sold her to Arm. Transatlantica of Panama. Renamed SS Andalusia, she continued in commercial service until she was wrecked on Waadah Island in the Strait of Juan de Fuca near Cape Flattery, Washington, on 4 November 1949.
# USS Petrita

USS Petrita was a steamer that served in the United States Navy from 1846 to 1848. She saw service in the Mexican War.
Petrita was a small, swift, screw steamer built in the United States and in Mexican service when the Mexican War broke out in 1846. She was one of two steamers and various other vessels in the Grijalva River at the town of Frontera when a U.S. Navy squadron commanded by Commodore Matthew C. Perry surprised Mexican forces there and captured her along with the other Mexican vessels. She was added to the American squadron.
Early the next morning, Perry sailed farther up the Grijalva River to attack the town of San Juan Bautista. At 9:00 a.m. the squadron passed the abandoned Fort Acacchappa, where it stopped long enough to spike the guns. It was noon when Perry's squadron arrived at San Juan Bautista, where it captured five more Mexican vessels and bombarded the town. Unable to garrison the town because of a lack of men, Perry withdrew to Antón Lizardo, an island just south of Veracruz, Mexico.
Petrita was inactive for the remainder of 1846 and the first part of 1847 due to a coal shortage and violent storms called “northers” which occur during the winter months.
On 7 March 1847, Commodore David Conner and General Winfield Scott made a reconnaissance of Veracruz in Petrita. She ran close to the Castle of San Juan de Ulúa and was straddled by gunfire, but sustained no damage. The Siege of Veracruz began two days later.
Petrita later participated in the amphibious assault on Veracruz. Commodore Conner's plan was to have his large warships tow landing craft from Anton Lizardo to Isla de Sacrificios, a distance of a few miles (kilometers). Small steamers would then pick up the tow and run the landing craft in to shore. The sloop-of-war USS St. Mary's transferred her tow to Petrita, and Petrita towed them in safely. By 10:00 p.m., more than 10,000 American troops had landed, and the operation was a complete success.
Suffering from engine defects, Petrita was inactive for the remainder of the Mexican War. She was lost off Alvarado, Mexico before 6 March 1848. All hands were saved.
# Hörster Bach

Hörster Bach is a small river of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is 3.9 km long and flows into the Rethlager Bach near Lage.
# French destroyer Pierrer

Pierrier was one of 13 Claymore-class destroyers built for the French Navy in the first decade of the 20th century.

## Construction and career

Pierrier was ordered on 5 August 1903 and was laid down at the Arsenal de Rochefort on 6 October 1904. The ship was launched on 28 February 1907 and was assigned to the Northern Squadron after her completion in November 1907. The ship was placed in reserve at Rochefort in September 1909 and was reactivated in January 1911. She then transferred to the Oran Local Defenses (Défense mobilie d'Oran) in French Algeria in 1912 and was assigned to the 4th Destroyer Flotilla (4$^e$ escadrille de torpilleurs) of the 1st Naval Army (1$^{ère}$ Armée Navale) in 1913.
During the preliminary stages of the Battle of Antivari on 16 August 1914, the 1st, 4th and 5th Destroyer Flotillas were tasked to escort the core of the 1st Naval Army while the 2nd, 3rd and 6th Flotillas escorted the armored cruisers of the 2nd Light Squadron (2$^e$ escadre légère) and two British cruisers. After reuniting both groups and spotting the Austro-Hungarian protected cruiser SMS Zenta and the destroyer SMS Ulan, the French destroyers played no role in sinking the cruiser, although the 4th Flotilla was sent on an unsuccessful pursuit of Ulan. Having broken the Austro-Hungarian blockade of Antivari (now known as Bar), Vice-Admiral (Vice-amiral) Augustin Boué de Lapeyrère, commander of the 1st Naval Army, decided to ferry troops and supplies to the port, escorted by the 2nd Light Squadron and the 1st and 6th Destroyer Flotillas while the rest of the 1st Naval Army bombarded the Austro-Hungarian naval base at Cattaro, Montenegro, on 1 September. Four days later, the fleet covered the evacuation of Danilo, Crown Prince of Montenegro to the Greek island of Corfu. The flotilla escorted multiple small convoys loaded with supplies and equipment to Antivari, beginning in October and lasting for the rest of the year, always covered by the larger ships of the Naval Army in futile attempts to lure the Austro-Hungarian fleet into battle.
Pierrier was transferred to the 7th Destroyer Flotilla to serve off the coast of Turkish Syria in 1916 remained with that unit until the end of the war two years later. Pierrier was struck from the naval register on 27 July 1921 and sold for scrap on 1 March 1922.
# South Western Air Command

The South Western Air Command is one of the five operational commands of the Indian Air Force. It was raised in Jodhpur in July 1980 from the No.1 Operations Group of the Western Air Command. Its operations sector includes most of Rajasthan, through Gujarat and Saurashtra, as far south as Kutch and Pune. The SWAC moved to its current headquarters in Gandhinagar in May 1998, and incorporates the Indian airbases of Bhuj, Jaisalmer, Phalodi, Naliya, Jamnagar, Jodhpur, Uttarlai/Barmer and Pune. It controls air operations in the south western air sector, which includes most of Rajasthan, and south through Gujarat to Saurashtra, and Kutch to Pune. It also operates the forward airbases at Vadodara, Nal and Suratgarh. The SWAC's role has historically been largely of air defence, although it has been reported to have incorporated a strike profile.

## Organisation

Squadrons include:
# Timber Jim

Jim Serrill, known as Timber Jim, was the mascot for the United Soccer Leagues Portland Timbers soccer team. A fan favorite from the earlier North American Soccer League Portland Timbers, he came back in 2001 to join the new Portland Timbers.
On January 24, 2008, Jim announced his retirement. He was replaced by Timber Joey in the middle of the 2008 season.

## History

In 1978, Serrill was coming regularly to Timbers games with his family. Soon he asked the management of the Timbers (who were then owned by the timber company Louisiana-Pacific) if he could bring a chain saw to a game. They reluctantly allowed this and not too long after Timber Jim was created. He later added to the chain saw raised high above his head by bringing a drum and other acts to the game. Soon he was scaling high above the large crowds at Civic Stadium on a tall pole or "snag."
After the original Timbers team folded, Serrill went back to work in the timber industry and later Portland General Electric. When the Timbers were reformed in 2001 he returned with the team. His teenage daughter, Hannah, was killed in an automobile accident in 2004, and in her memory, the Timbers Army made a tradition of singing "You Are My Sunshine", her favourite song, while holding sunflowers, her favourite flower, often led by a tearful Timber Jim.

## Jim's act

Timber Jim was known as one of the best performers for any team, largely because of his unique talents as an actual lumberjack. These included:
* Scaling a tall "snag" off the pitch and standing on top high above the crowd (as of 2007 discontinued due to safety concerns).
* Cutting a round from a log with one of his chain saws every time the Timbers score
* Hanging above the crowd on a zip-line with his drum
* Singing "We are the Timbers..." to section 107 (Timbers Army), eventually spelling out T-I-M-B-E-R-S (the R extended, imitating the roaring of a chainsaw)
* Pounding on a large drum, yelling out "Port-land (beat, beat) Tim-bers"
* Doing forward handsprings (quite a feat, as he was in his fifties by the time he retired)

## Retirement

On January 24, 2008, Jim announced his retirement. Over the years Jim has brought a few under his wing to pass on the role, with little success. His final farewell was a game played against the Puerto Rico Islanders on April 17, 2008, the Timbers home opener, which was won 1-0. Timber Jim was succeeded by Timber Joey, another lumberman who saws log slices for successful Timbers players.
# Achadas da Cruz

Achadas da Cruz is a civil parish in the municipality of Porto Moniz in the Portuguese island of Madeira. The population in 2011 was 159, in an area of 7.88 km$^2$. It is situated on the north-western coast of the island. No children were born in the parish between 2001 and 2009.
Society
Between 1835 And 1840 this parish registered 18 marriages. The first registered marriage in this parish was in the year 1827. From 1860 to 1911 this parish witnessed 824 baptisms. Between 1910 and 1911, there were 14 deaths associated with this parish, 4 of which were of people who died at that time with an age over 18.

## Architecture

* Chapel of Nossa Senhora do Livramento