OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Adolf Herskovic

Adolf "Dolfi" Herskovic (né Heršković; later Allan Herskovic; 20 April 1916 – 26 February 2011) was an international table tennis player born in Croatia who competed for Yugoslavia in the 1930s, Italy in the 1940s and the United States in the 1970s.

## Early life

Born in 1916 in Zagreb into a Croatian Jewish family, in what was then Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia within Austria-Hungary, Heršković first started doing sports in the interwar period at the local Maccabi Zagreb Jewish sports society, which was at the time the most successful Jewish sports club in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
As a member of Maccabi Zagreb in the late 1930s Heršković rose to prominence as one of the best players in Yugoslavia, and competed with the national team at the 1937, 1938, and 1939 World Championships. In the 1938–39 season he was Yugoslav champion in mixed doubles, paired with Alica Florijan, and was champion of the regional Sava Banovina championship in 1939.
His best result with Yugoslavia was the silver medal won at the 1939 tournament held in Cairo, in the Swaythling Cup (men's team event), along with teammates Žarko Dolinar, Ladislav Hexner, Tibor Harangozo and Max Marinko. Hexner, Dolinar and Marinko were all members of the Zagreb-based HAŠK, a multi-sports society affiliated with the University of Zagreb.

## Later life

Herskovic's father Aleksandar (né Sandor Herskovitz; 1874–1944) had moved to Croatia from Certeze, in present-day Romania, in 1901. By the 1930s he was running a wholesale textile and manufacturing business in Zagreb. After the installment of the Nazi-allied NDH regime in Croatia in 1941 his property was expropriated, and he was later deported and killed in Auschwitz. Herskovic's sister Gitta (1917–1944) also died at Auschwitz, while his younger brother Ludwig (1924–1941) was killed in Jasenovac.
During World War II Herskovic took refuge in Italy with some of his brothers, but was arrested in Asti in 1942, and was transferred to the Ferramonti internment camp near Cosenza in southern Italy, where he spent four months before being liberated by the Allies in September 1943.
After the war he lived in Turin and continued to play table tennis, and appeared in three more World Championships for Italy, in 1948, 1949, and 1950.
In his first post-war tournament, the 1948 World Table Tennis Championships in Wembley, Italy was drawn into a group with Yugoslavia, so Herskovic played against his pre-war teammate Žarko Dolinar who represented Yugoslavia, captained by another former teammate, Tibor Harangozo. Neither Italy nor Yugoslavia progressed to the semi-finals, but Max Marinko—another member of the Yugoslav silver team from 1939—won a gold medal playing for Czechoslovakia.
In the early 1950s Herskovic changed his first name to Allan, emigrated to the United States, and opened an electric shaver store in El Cerrito, California. He continued to play table tennis, and even captained the US team at the 1974 US Open.
In the United States he was a member of the Jewish Athletic Club, and also played soccer and did gymnastics.
# Peter Smith (South African politician)

Peter Francis Smith (born 14 October 1954) is a South African politician who represented the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) in the National Assembly from 1994 to 2014. He was first elected in the 1994 general election and served three terms thereafter, gaining re-election in 1999, 2004, and 2009. From 2004 onwards, he served the KwaZulu-Natal constituency in the assembly.
In November 1997, Smith tabled a private member's bill which proposed to amend the Constitution to remove the provision prohibiting cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment, with the aim of allowing the reimposition of the death penalty in South Africa. In March 2002, the Mail & Guardian reported that he was likely to succeed Gavin Woods as chairperson of the Standing Committee on Public Accounts, although this expectation was not ultimately fulfilled.
# Bruce Hemara

Bruce Stephen Hemara (born 19 October 1957) is a former New Zealand rugby union player. A hooker, Hemara represented Manawatu at a provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, for the team's 1985 tour of Argentina. He played three matches for the All Blacks but did appear in any tests.
# Monestir de Sant Llorenç del Munt

Sant Llorenç del Munt is a Benedictine monastery in Matadepera, Vallès Occidental, Catalonia, Spain. It is situated on top of La Mola, the summit of the rocky mountain massif, Sant Llorenç del Munt, within Parc Natural de Sant Llorenç del Munt i l'Obac. It was declared a Bien de Interés Cultural landmark in 1931.

## History

The first record that indicates there was a religious community here governed by an abbot corresponds to the year 986. In 1014, the word monastery appeared in a document associated with Count Ramon Borrell and his wife regarding a land swap with the abbey of San Llorenç. There is mention in 1018 regarding an abbot at Sant Llorenç del Munt.
During this time period, the area was invaded several times by the Saracens, but there is no record of any attacks against buildings that were in the top of Sant Llorenç del Munt. Construction of the Romanesque building which currently stands began in 1045 and was consecrated in 1064 by the Bishop and the Counts of Barcelona. Its decline began the early 12th century, although it continued to be inhabited by a Benedictine monk until 1608. By 1637, there was no evidence of a priest in charge of the monastery, and it was later known to abandoned. On March 30, 1809, the troops of Napoleon's army destroyed what was left of the monastery, even desecrating the abbots' graves.

## Architecture and fittings

The current building, constructed between the late 19th century and mid-20th centuries, respects the original structure built in the mid-11th century. It is a good example of the religious Catalan Romanesque style, one of the few existing monasteries of this time. The structure of the church has not undergone any change that alter its original design. It is an exact replica, but half the size of the Monastery of Sant Cugat, which promoted Sant Llorenç del Munt construction. The church has three naves and a bell tower raised with local stones, characterized as being of modest size, redness and unpolished. It has a transept in the center holding the dome on arches. The door is small.
# Wuxi, Luxi

28°15′55″N 110°9′12″E﻿ / ﻿28.26528°N 110.15333°E﻿ / 28.26528; 110.15333
Wuxi (Chinese: 武溪镇; pinyin: Wǔxī Zhèn) is a town and the county seat of Luxi in Hunan, China. The town is located in the northeast of the county, it is bordered by Xixi Town (洗溪镇) to the west and northwest, Yuanling County to the northeast, Chenxi County to the southeast, Pushi Town (浦市镇) to the south. It has an area of 179.1 km$^2$ (69.2 sq mi) with a population of 112,100 (as of 2015 end), the seat of local government is at Wuxi.
# Cake Day

Cake Day is a Canadian short drama film, directed by Phillip Thomas and released in 2020. The film stars Cameron Crosby as a recovering narcotics addict who is about to celebrate his five-year anniversary of sobriety in Narcotics Anonymous, but must struggle with whether or not to be honest in the meeting about the fact that he relapsed the night before.
The film's cast also includes Steven Roberts as his sponsor Bill and Diana Lepine-Thomas as his mother, as well as Spencer Foley, Bradley Stryker, Jeremy Wallace Maclean, John Duncan, Joe Buffalo, Blair Buchholz and Koshiki Tanaka in supporting roles.
The film premiered on March 11, 2020 at the Saguenay International Short Film Festival. It was subsequently screened at the 2020 Vancouver International Film Festival, where it won the award for Best British Columbia Short Film.
Crosby won the Leo Award for Best Actor in a Short Drama in 2021.
# Hardy Perennials and Old Fashioned Flowers

Hardy Perennials and Old Fashioned Flowers—Describing the Most Desirable Plants, for Borders, Rockeries, and Shrubberies is a horticulture and gardening book by John Wood, published in 1884 in London by L. Upcott Gill. The book consists of descriptions of common British flowers, organized alphabetically by their scientific name. The first volume was released in April 1883. The book was put online by the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation in 2006.
A review in Nature was lukewarm, expressing reservations about the bulk, cost, and spelling mistakes of the work. The Athenaeum was more positive, excusing mistakes because "the book has no pretensions to be a scientific treatise." The Saturday Review also praised it as a detailed and practical gardening book.
# Tag Entertainment

Tag Entertainment (sometimes titled TAG Entertainment) was largely founded by Steve Austin and John T. Botti (formerly CEO of Authentidate) and became a publicly held film production company formerly headquartered in Santa Monica, California. The company was described as a centered producer of family films.

## Productions

* Deal (2008) ... Production Company
* Miracle Dogs Too (2006) (V) ... Production Company
* Red Riding Hood (2006) .... Production Company
* Popstar (2005) .... Production Company
* Supercross (2005) .... Production Company
* Motocross Kids (2004) ... Production Company
* Miracle Dogs (2003) (TV) ... Production Company
* Hansel & Gretel (2002) .... Production
* The Santa Trap (2002) (TV) ... Production Company
* The Retrievers (2001) (TV) .... Production Company
* No Place Like Home (2001) .... Production Company
* Castle Rock (2001) ... Production Company
* Route 66 ... Production Company
# Sifanelo Vundisa

Sifanelo Shadrack Vundisa (born 12 September 1957) is a South African politician who represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly from 2004 to 2009. He was elected in 2004 from the ANC's national party list and vacated his seat after the 2009 general election.
# John Wesley Young

John Wesley Young (17 November 1879, Columbus, Ohio – 17 February 1932, Hanover, New Hampshire) was an American mathematician who, with Oswald Veblen, introduced the axioms of projective geometry, coauthored a 2-volume work on them, and proved the Veblen–Young theorem. He was a proponent of Euclidean geometry and held it to be substantially "more convenient to employ" than non-Euclidean geometry. His lectures on algebra and geometry were compiled in 1911 and released as Lectures on Fundamental Concepts of Algebra and Geometry.
John Wesley Young was born in 1879 to William Henry Young and Marie Louise Widenhorn Young. William Henry Young was from West Virginia and was of Native American parentage. After serving in the Civil War he was appointed to the consulate in Germany. He taught Mathematics at Ohio University. Marie Louise Widehorn Young was born in Paris, France and spoke French and German fluently.
John Wesley grew up in both Europe and America due to his father's profession and attended schools in Baden Baden and Karlsruhe, Germany and Columbus, Ohio. Young was awarded a Master's degree in Mathematics from Cornell University in 1903.
John Wesley Young was married to Mary Louise Aston on July 20, 1907. They had one daughter, Mary Elizabeth, later Mrs. Allyn.
Between 1903 and 1911, Young held positions at Northwestern University, Princeton University, the University of Illinois, the University of Kansas, and the University of Chicago. He was head of the department of Mathematics at Dartmouth College from 1911 to 1919 and chair of the department from 1923 to 1925. He continued teaching until two days before he died.

## Publications

* Projective geometry with Oswald Veblen, Ginn and co., 1910–1918
* Lectures on Fundamental Concepts of Algebra and Geometry 1911
* Projective Geometry. Vol. 4 of Carus Mathematical Monographs. Chicago: Open Court. 1930.
# HSwMS Sjöbjörnen (Sbj)

HSwMS Sjöbjörnen (Sbj), Sw. meaning sea bear, was the third ship of the Swedish submarine class Sjöormen, project name A11.

## Development

The planning of the class included a number of different AIP solutions including nuclear propulsion. However, the ships where finally completed with for the time extremely large batteries. The ship was a single-hulled submarine, with the hull shape influenced by the American experimental submarine USS Albacore. The hull was covered with rubber tiles to reduce the acoustic signature (anechoic tiles), at this time a pioneering technology. The Sjöormen class also pioneered the use of an x-shaped (as opposed to cross-shaped) rudder as a standard (as opposed to experimental) feature.

## Service in Sweden

The submarine served in the Swedish Navy for almost 30 years and was then sold to Singapore in 1997 together with its four sister ships.

## Service in Singapore

HSwMS Sjöbjörnen was renamed RSS Challenger after Singapore acquired the boat on 28 May 1999. She was commissioned on 26 June 2004 after a major refit. After 11 years in the Republic of Singapore Navy, she was decommissioned on 11 March 2015 and scrapped.

## Gallery

* HSwMS Sjöbjörnen & RSS Challenger gallery
* HSwMS Sjöbjörnen being launched on 9 January 1968.
* HSwMS Sjöbjörnen surfacing in 1968.
* RSS Challenger undergoing session trials on 23 March 2010.
# Whitfield, Dundee

Whitfield is a residential, social-housing scheme located to the north of Dundee, Scotland. Building of scheme commenced in the 1960s to accommodate Dundee's expanding population. Much of the housing was low rise, deck access flats, innovative for the time, built using the "Skarne" prefabrication system. The construction of the northernmost parts of the scheme, which were almost-exclusively Skarne blocks, continued into the early 1970s.
Between 1989 and 1995 it was one of the four areas chosen for the Scottish Office programme New Life for Urban Scotland. Much of the deck access housing in the area was demolished as the area was remodelled.
In the 2004 Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation, Whitfield contained two datazones (average population 1,000) in the most deprived 15% of datazones in Scotland.
Whitfield had two high rise tower blocks of flats, both constructed in 1969. In 2003 the tower block housing Quarryfield and Whitfield courts was demolished, and in 2004 the neighbouring tower block which housed Greenfield and Kellyfield courts followed. As of 2006 the area is undergoing redevelopment as part of a redevelopment plan and the area is seeing a rise in population.

## Education

There is one Secondary School in the Whitfield area - Braeview Academy, formerly known as Whitfield High School. There were formerly three Primary Schools within the area; Whitfield Primary School and Newfields Primary School, both of which merged in spring 2012 to become Ballumbie Primary School. There were an additional two primary schools in whitfield named Greenfield Primary in the Aberlady Cres and Kellyfield both of these schools merged to become Newfields there was another school named Saint Mathews behind Dunbar Park. When this school closed it became Springfield private school until it was demolished.
# Bagous restrictus

Bagous restrictus is a species of true weevil in the beetle family Curculionidae. It is found in North America. The non-native invasive species Hydrilla is the only known host plant for this beetle, with larvae feeding on and developing within Hydrilla stems.
# Arto Tolsa Areena

Arto Tolsa Areena is a football stadium in Kotka, Finland. It is the home stadium of Kotkan Työväen Palloilijat (KTP). The stadium holds 4,780 and was inaugurated in 1952 for the Helsinki Olympics. The stadium's record attendance was made during the Olympic Games in the football match between the Soviet Union and Bulgaria, the score having been 2–1 a.e.t. Depending on the source, the record is 10,000, or 10,637 or 10,950.
Arto Tolsa Areena used to be known as "Urheilukeskus" ("Sports Center" in Finnish). It got its current name after it was renovated around the turn of millennium. The current name comes from Arto Tolsa, who was a legendary Finnish player of Kotkan Työväen Palloilijat, the predecessor of KTP.
The covered main stand holds 2,500 spectators. The size of the pitch is 105 by 65 metres. The power of the lighting system is 1200 lux.
At the beginning of the 2015 season, the pitch was converted to an artificial playing surface. In May 2024, a new stand was completed.
# Wajir East Constituency

Wajir East Constituency is an electoral constituency in Kenya. It is one of six constituencies in Wajir County. The constituency has 10 wards, all electing MCAs to the Wajir County Assembly. The constituency was established for the 1966 elections.

## Members of Parliament

| Elections | MP | Party | Notes |
| 1966 | Omar Abdi Abdullahi | KANU | |
| 1969 | A. S. Khalif | KANU | One-party system |
| 1970 | Diriye Mohamed Amin | KANU | By-election. One-party system |
| 1974 | Diriye Mohamed Amin | KANU | One-party system |
| 1979 | Mohamed Sheikh Abdi | KANU | One-party system |
| 1983 | Mohamed Sheikh Abdi | KANU | One-party system. |
| 1988 | Diriye Mohamed Amin | KANU | One-party system. |
| 1992 | Sheikh Mohamed Abdi | KANU | |
| 1997 | Mohamed Abdi Mohamud | KANU | |
| 2002 | Mohamed Abdi Mohamud | KANU |
| 2007 | Mohamed Ibrahim Elmi | ODM | |
| 2013 | Abass Sheikh Mohamed | URP | |
| 2017 | Rashid Kassim Amin | WDM | |

## Wards

Wards :
| Ward | Registered Voters |
| Jogbaru | 2,119 |
| Khorof Harar | 1,526 |
| Township | 3,794 |
| Hothan | 2,794 |
| Wagberi | 4,645 |
| Wajir Bor | 1,468 |
| Wargadud | 2,030 |
| Total | 26,470 |
| *September 2005. ||
# Flow tracer

A flow tracer is any fluid property used to track the flow velocity (i.e., flow magnitude and direction) and circulation patterns. Tracers can be chemical properties, such as radioactive material, or chemical compounds, physical properties, such as density, temperature, salinity, or dyes, and can be natural or artificially induced. Flow tracers are used in many fields, such as physics, hydrology, limnology, oceanography, environmental studies and atmospheric studies.
Conservative tracers remain constant following fluid parcels, whereas reactive tracers (such as compounds undergoing a mutual chemical reaction) grow or decay with time. Active tracers dynamically alter the flow of the fluid by changing fluid properties which appear in the equation of motion such as density or viscosity, while passive tracers have no influence on flow.

## Uses in oceanography

Ocean tracers are used to deduce small scale flow patterns, large-scale ocean circulation, water mass formation and changes, "dating" of water masses, and carbon dioxide storage and uptake.
Temperature, salinity, density, and other conservative tracers are often used to track currents, circulation and water mass mixing. An interesting example was when 28,000 plastic ducks fell over board from a container ship in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. The following twelve years oceanographers recorded where the ducks washed ashore, some thousands of miles from the spill site, and this data was used to calibrate and verify the circulation patterns of the North Pacific Gyre.
Transient tracers change over time, such as radioactive material (Tritium and Cesium-137) and chemical concentrations (CFCs and SF6), which are used to date water masses and can also track mixing. In the mid-1900s, Nuclear weapons testing and chemical production released tons of compounds that are not naturally found in the environment. While extremely unfortunate, scientists were able to use the concentrations of anthropogenic compounds and half-lives of radioactive material to determine how old a water body is. The Fukushima nuclear disaster was really well studied by oceanographers, who tracked the radioactive material spread throughout the Pacific Ocean, and used that to better understand ocean currents and mixing patterns.
Biological tracers can also be used to track water masses in the ocean. Phytoplankton blooms can be seen by satellites and move with the changing currents. They can be used as a "check point" to see how well water masses are mixing. Subtropical water is often warm, which is ideal for phytoplankton, but nutrient poor, which inhibits their growth, while subpolar water is cold and nutrient rich. When these two types of water masses mix, such as the Kuroshio Current in the north Pacific, it often causes huge phytoplankton blooms, because they now how conditions they need to grow—warm temperatures and high nutrients. Vertical mixing and eddy formation can also cause phytoplankton blooms, and these blooms are tracked by satellites to observe current patterns and mixing.
# Dorrit

Dorrit is a feminine given name. Persons bearing the name include:
* Amy Dorrit, known as "Little Dorrit", the heroine of Charles Dickens' novel of the same name (1855-7)
** As an English surname, Dorrit may be a variant of the surname Durward, or a matronymic derived from the given name Dorothy.
* Dorrit Black (1891–1951), Australian artist
* Dorrit Dekk (1917–2014), Czech-British artist
* Dorrit Hoffleit (1907–2007), American astronomer
* Dorrit Jacob, German-Australian geochemist
* Dorrit Kristensen (born 1938), Danish swimmer
* Dorrit Moussaieff (born 1950), First Lady of Iceland
* Dorrit Reventlow (born 1942), Danish translator, benefactor, philanthropist, social activist, and widow of Prince Dimitri Romanov
* Dorrit Weixler (1892–1916), German actress
* Dorrit Willumsen (born 1940), Danish writer
# Takht-e-Sulaiman

Takht-e-Sulaiman (Pashto: تخت سليمان, Balochi: تخت ء سلیمان; "Throne of Solomon") is a peak of the Sulaiman Mountains, located near the town of Darazinda in the Dera Ismail Khan Subdivision of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is close to Dera Ismail Khan Subdivision's borders with both South Waziristan and Zhob, Balochistan. At 3,487 metres (11,440 ft), it is the highest peak in Dera Ismail Khan District and the greater Shirani region. Ibn Battuta named Takht-e-Sulaiman as Kōh-e Sulaymān, "Mount of Solomon".

## Legends

A legend, recorded by the medieval Maghrebi explorer Ibn Battuta, has it that Prophet Solomon climbed this mountain and looked out over the land of Hindustan, which was then "covered with darkness". After staying on the peak, he turned back without descending into this new frontier, and left only the mountain which is named after him.
Another legend says that Qais Abdur Rashid, said to be the legendary ancestor of the Pashtun people, is buried on top of Takht-e-Sulaiman, which gives the peak the local Pashto name of Da Kasī Ghar (د کسي غر, "Mountain of Qais").
Syed Muhammad Hamza Gesudaraz I is buried on the top of Takht-e-Sulaiman with his family and descendants. The burial is called “Meeran”.

## Tourism and Economy

Takht-e-Sulaiman is surrounded by olive groves and pine-nut (chalghoza) forests, and hosts wild animals like markhors, wolves, rabbits, eagles and partridges. Royalty from the Gulf Arab states are known to hunt precious birds in the region.
# Wrocław Valley

Wrocław Valley (Pradolina Wrocławska, Polish) (318.52) is a mesoregion of great length, located in the Silesian Lowlands, with a total west-to-east length of 100 km, and a width of 10-12 km, totalling a surface area of 1220 km$^2$. From the north and the north-east, the mesoregion borders the Rościsławska Upland, Oleśnica Plain and the Opole Plain, from the north-west with the Wrocław Plain, the Nysa Kłodzka Valley and Niemodlin Plain. On the very north-western tip, the Wrocław Valley borders the Ścinawski Lowland, Lubin Upland and Legnica Plain, whilst on the north-easternmost tip, it borders the Chełm Upland (Silesian Highlands), and Racibórz Basin.
In geological terms, the Wrocław Valley is part of the Silesia-Kraków Monocline and the Sudetes Foreland Monocline, covered in Pleistocene and Holocene geological material, mainly sand, gravel and fluvisols.
The left tributaries of the River Odra in the mesoregion are: Osobłoga, Nysa Kłodzka, Oława, Ślęza, Bystrzyca, Kaczawa; and right: Mała Panew, Stobrawa and Widawa.
Larger settlements located on the Wrocław Valley are: Krapkowice, Opole, Brzeg, Oława, Wrocław, Brzeg Dolny, and Prochowice.
# Pachygaster montana

Pachygaster montana is a species of soldier fly in the family Stratiomyidae.

## Distribution

United States, Mexico.