OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Wilson Murray

John Wilson Murray (25 June 1840 – 12 June 1906) was a Canadian police officer and sailor in the United States Navy.

## Biography

Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, he came to North America as a young boy. He joined the United States Navy on 5 June 1857 and became a crew member of the USS Michigan. This ship operated out of Erie, Pennsylvania, and carried out patrols on the Great Lakes as well as supervising the prison camp for Confederate officers at Johnson's Island on Lake Erie.
As the source for Murray's early life is his own writings, little reliance should be given them for details of his own participation in events aboard the Michigan. It is confirmed that he was an acting gunner on the ship in 1864. In that year, two attempts were made to capture the ship and free the Confederate officers at Johnson's Island.
Murray left the navy on 31 January 1866 with an honourable discharge and 1868 became a detective with the Erie police force and, in 1873, joined the Canada Southern Railway as a detective.
In 1875, after Murray became Ontario's first full-time criminal detective with the title Detective for the Government of Ontario. He held the position until his death and solved hundreds of crimes including the murder of Cornwallis Benwell at the hands of J.W. Birchall of Oxford County, Ontario. Murray was later joined by two additional detectives, and each were named inspector, with Murray as chief inspector, in 1897, marking the beginnings of the Criminal Investigation Branch of what would later become the Ontario Provincial Police.
Murray died at home on July 12, 1906, from the effects of a stroke he suffered three days earlier.

## "Million Dollar Counterfeiting" case

Murray's first case was to investigate the forgery of Canadian bank notes. The forgeries were identified by an expert at the US Treasury Department in Washington when he noticed the bills were suspiciously beautiful. Murray consulted with former counterfeiters; they were impressed by the forgeries, which they declared could only be the work of master engraver Edwin Johnson, the "king of counterfeiting". In 1880, five years after the first forged bill was found, Johnson was arrested for using a fake bill to buy a necktie. He had printed one million dollars' worth of counterfeit bills using 21 exceptionally engraved copper plates.

## Legacy

In 1904, Murray published an account of his most memorable cases in the Memoirs of a Great Detective. His exploits inspired the CBC series The Great Detective as well as the creation of Detective William Murdoch by Canadian writer Maureen Jennings and the popular television series Murdoch Mysteries, inspired by her novels.
# Japan National Route 458

National Route 458 is a national highway of Japan connecting the towns of Shinjō and Kaminoyama in Yamagata prefecture, with a total length of 112.5 km (69.9 mi).
# John Pham

John Pham is a cartoonist, animator, comic creator, and art director based in Los Angeles, California.
Pham was born in Saigon but was raised in the United States. He received a self publishing grant from the Xeric Foundation in 2000 for "Epoxy." Pham's comic Sublife Volume 1 was published by Fantagraphics Books in 2008. Sublife Volume 2, also published by Fantagraphics, was nominated for an Outstanding Artist, Outstanding Series, and Outstanding Comic at the 2010 Ignatz Awards Deep Space and St. Ambrose, excerpts from Pham's Sublife comic, were anthologized in the 2010 and 2011 editions of The Best American Comics. He was interviewed in issue 259 of The Comics Journal. He also contributed a story to volume 7 of the acclaimed anthology, Kramers Ergot.
"Living Space", a solo show of Pham's paintings and sculptures was held by GR2, Los Angeles, in April 2010, In 2011, Pham worked as a designer on Ben Jones' The Problem Solverz series for Cartoon Network. That year, he was also a featured international guest (representing the US) at the Angoulême comics festival in France.
Pham has worked as art director for Cartoon Network's OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes and Netflix Animation's Battle Kitty.
# Mohamed Chaker

Mohamed Chaker (31 December 1930 – 24 November 2024) was a Tunisian lawyer and politician. He served as minister of Justice from 1980 to 1984.
Chaker died on 24 November 2024, at the age of 93.
# Alan O'Leary

Alan O'Leary (born February 4, 1962, in Winnipeg, Manitoba) is a Canadian curler from Dartmouth, Nova Scotia.
O'Leary won a provincial junior title in 1981 and represented Nova Scotia at the 1981 Canadian Junior Curling Championships. There, he led his team of Paul Dykeman, David Young and Scott Sutherland to a 5–6 record.
O'Leary has won two provincial championships as a skip winning in 1993 and 1994. He and his team of Bob LeClair, Steve Johnston and Steve Piggott represented Nova Scotia at the 1993 Labatt Brier, where he O'Leary led his team to a 2–9 record, in last place. The next season, Jim Walsh joined the team, replacing LeClair. At the 1994 Labatt Brier, the team improved their record to 3-8.
O'Leary has won four provincial senior men's titles, in 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017 and 2018. He and his rink of Andy Dauphinee, Danny Christianson and Harold McCarthy represented Nova Scotia at the 2013 Canadian Senior Curling Championships, where they just missed the playoffs with a 6–5 record. They again represented Nova Scotia at the 2014 Canadian Senior Curling Championships, where they topped the round robin table with a 9–2 record, giving them a bye to the final, where they beat Manitoba's Kelly Robertson rink to claim the championship. The team would then go on to represent Canada at the 2015 World Senior Curling Championships, where they went undefeated in the group stage (7-0), and then won two playoff games before losing to the United States (skipped by Lyle Sieg) in the final.
The team returned to the Canadian Seniors in 2016. The team finished with a 7–3 record before the playoffs where they lost to Manitoba's Randy Neufeld rink in the semifinal. The next season, Stuart MacLean joined the rink, replacing Dauphinee. At the 2017 Canadian Senior Curling Championships, the team would not make the championship round, and finished with a 6–3 record.
# Alexander Manson (rower)

Alexander Manson (born 20 May 1953) is a Canadian rower. He competed in the men's eight event at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
# Andrew Barron (speed skater)

Andrew Barron (born May 2, 1951 in Penrith, Cumberland, England) is a former ice speed skater, who represented Canada in two consecutive Winter Olympics, starting in 1972 in Sapporo, Japan. Barron is a resident of Canmore, Alberta.
# Alton White

Alton White (born May 31, 1945) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. He played three seasons in the World Hockey Association with the New York Raiders, Los Angeles Sharks, and the Michigan Stags/Baltimore Blades.
Born in Amherst, Nova Scotia, White is best known for being the second player of African descent, after Willie O'Ree, to have played on a professional major league ice hockey team and for being the first hockey player of African descent to score 20 goals in a single season for a major league team. He scored 21 goals and 21 assists for the Los Angeles Sharks during the 1972-73 season. During the same 1972-73 season, he became the first black player in history to score a hat-trick in a major league professional game, doing so against the Chicago Cougars.
# John Murphy (cyclist)

John Murphy (born December 15, 1984) is an American former professional cyclist, who competed between 2004 and 2020, for six different teams.

## Career

In 2010 he competed at (amongst others) the Gent–Wevelgem and the 93rd Giro d'Italia. In 2009 he became the United States National Criterium Champion. In 2012, Murphy signed a contract with the Kenda–5-hour Energy team.
Following the 2016 season, it was announced that Murphy would join fellow UnitedHealthcare member Tyler Magner at Holowesko Citadel Racing Team for the 2017 season.
After retiring from professional cycling in 2020 John joined Gulo Composites as their Brand Manager.

## Major results
### 2008

    1st Overall Tour de Taiwan
       1st Points classification
    1st Stage 4 Fitchburg Longsjo Classic
    2nd Overall Nature Valley Grand Prix

### 2009

    1st National Criterium Championships

### 2010

    6th Nokere Koerse

### 2011

    6th Omloop van het Houtland
    6th ProRace Berlin

### 2012

    2nd Overall Tour of Elk Grove
    5th Philadelphia International Championship
    10th Tour of the Battenkill

### 2013

    3rd Overall Tour of Elk Grove

### 2014

    1st Mountains classification Danmark Rundt

### 2015

    1st Overall Joe Martin Stage Race
       1st Points classification
       1st Stages 2 & 3
    1st Stage 7 USA Pro Cycling Challenge

### 2016

    1st Stage 3 Tour de Langkawi
    1st Stage 4 Herald Sun Tour
    9th Overall Joe Martin Stage Race

### 2017

    1st White Spot / Delta Road Race
    1st Stage 1 Colorado Classic
    1st Stage 4 Tour of Utah

### 2018

    1st Stage 1 Circuit des Ardennes
    9th Overall Tour de Normandie
# Bill Sawchuk

William M. Sawchuk (born January 8, 1959) is a Canadian former swimmer, competing in the butterfly, freestyle and medley events during the 1970s and early 1980s.
In his international debut as a 16-year-old at the 1975 Pan American Games in Mexico City, he won a bronze medal for his third-place finish in the 200-metre individual medley. He represented Canada at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, where he competed in the preliminary heats of the 200 and 400-metre freestyle events, the 400-metre individual medley, and the 4×200-metre freestyle relay.
At the 1978 Commonwealth Games in Edmonton, Alberta, Sawchuk led the three Canadian relay teams to gold medals in the 4×100-metre freestyle and the 4×100-metre medley events, and a silver in the 4×200-metre freestyle. In individual competition, he also won two silver medals in the 100-metre freestyle and 200-metre individual medley, and two bronzes in the 100-metre butterfly and 400-metre individual medley – for a total of seven medals.
Sawchuk accepted an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, where he swam for coach Randy Reese's Florida Gators swimming and diving team in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and Southeastern Conference (SEC) competition in 1979 and again in 1981 and 1982. In his three years as a Gator, he was recognized as the SEC Male Swimmer of the Year in 1979, and earned six All-American honours. At the 1981 NCAA Swimming Championships, Sawchuk, together with Gator teammates John Hillencamp, Geoff Gaberino and David Larson, won the national title in the 800-yard freestyle relay.
After his freshman season, Sawchuk turned in a five-medal performance at the 1979 Pan American Games in San Juan, Puerto Rico, winning three silver medals in the 400-metre individual medley, 4×100-metre freestyle relay and 4×100-metre medley relay, and a pair of bronze medals in the 200-metre butterfly and 4×200-metre freestyle relay. Afterward, he withdrew from the University of Florida to train full-time for the 1980 Olympics. Sawchuk qualified for the 1980 Canadian Olympic team, but was unable to compete at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow when Canada joined the United States-led boycott over the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan.
Sawchuk returned to the University of Florida after the 1980 Olympics, and graduated with a bachelor's degree in exercise and sport science in 1984.
# Essop Pahad

Essop Goolam Pahad (21 June 1939 – 6 July 2023) was a South African politician. He served as the Minister in the Presidency from 1999 to 2008, and was a close ally of Thabo Mbeki.

## Early life

Pahad was born in Schweizer-Reneke in what was then the Transvaal Province. He was an alumnus of both the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits) and the University of Sussex. He started his academic career with a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science at Wits. At the University of Sussex, he completed a Master of Arts in African politics as well as his PhD in history. The title of his thesis was "The Development of Indian Political Movements in South Africa 1924 – 1946." He was the brother of Aziz Pahad.

## Political career

His political career began in 1958 when he became a member of the Transvaal Indian Youth Congress. In 1962, Pahad was arrested for organising an illegal strike, following the banning of the African National Congress. In December 1964, Pahad was banned for five years and went into exile. While in exile, Pahad became more actively involved with the ANC and the SACP. He represented the SACP on the editorial council for the World Marxist Review.

### Career in government

After the 1994 South African general election, Pahad served as the Parliamentary Counsellor to then-Deputy President Thabo Mbeki. He was appointed the Minister in the Presidency after the 1999 general election. In 2000, it was reported that at a closed session of the ANC's governance committee Pahad tried to squash an inquiry into corruption in the Arms Deal, an accusation that Pahad denied despite numerous reports to the contrary.
Pahad was also involved in raising R1.55 million from corporate sponsors to hire Ronald Suresh Roberts to write a biography of then President Mbeki.
After Mbeki's resignation as President of South Africa in September 2008, Pahad submitted his resignation as Minister.

## Post-2008

Pahad was a member of the Organising Committee of the 2010 FIFA World Cup held in South Africa, and claimed in 2008 that South African whites wanted the event to be a failure. An independent survey by Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) reported in January 2010 that South African whites in fact generally supported the event.
Pahad was filmed attending the wedding of Vega Gupta and Aakash Jahajgarhia an event which sparked the so-called Guptagate scandal in South Africa.
Pahad was the board chairman of South Africa/Mali Timbuktu Manuscripts Trust as well as chairman of the board of trustees for the South African Democracy Education Trust, and a member of the national executive committee of the African National Congress. After leaving government in 2008, Pahad launched a South African monthly (later quarterly) journal named The Thinker, which was later taken over by the University of Johannesburg in 2019.

## Death and funeral

Pahad died of cancer on 6 July 2023, at the age of 84, and his funeral was attended by a number of high profile ANC figures, including Acting President of South Africa Paul Mashatile. He was buried alongside Jessie Duarte and Ebrahim Ebrahim.
# Bob Hodges (speed skater)

Robert Stanley Hodges FRSC (30 December 1943 – 16 April 2021) was a Canadian speed skater and scientist. He competed at the 1968 Winter Olympics and the 1972 Winter Olympics. He later became a scientist, earning his PhD from the University of Alberta, and worked as a postdoctoral researcher under Robert Bruce Merrifield at Rockefeller University. He became a professor at the University of Alberta and later at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. He died at his home in Saskatoon on 16 April 2021.
# Bob Hutchinson (athlete)

Robert Bruce McDiarmid Hutchison (born 2 June 1931) is a Canadian sprinter. He competed in the men's 100 metres at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Perionyx

Perionyx is a genus of annelids belonging to the family Megascolecidae.
The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution.
Species:
* Perionyx aborensis Stephenson, 1914
* Perionyx alatus Stephenson, 1920
* Perionyx annandalei Michaelsen, 1907
* Perionyx excavatus
# Showbiz

Showbiz is a vernacular term for show business.
Showbiz may also refer to:

## Music

* Showbiz (Muse album), 1999, or the title track
* Showbiz (Cud album), 1994
* Showbiz and A.G., an American hip hop duo
* Grant Showbiz, a British record producer and live sound recordist
* "Showbiz (The Battle)", a 2004 single by M. Pokora
* "Showbiz", a song by Helen Reddy from the 1974 album Free and Easy
* "Showbiz", a song by Previous Industries from the 2024 album Service Merchandise
* "Show Biz Kids", a song by Steely Dan from the 1973 album Countdown to Ecstacy

## Other uses

* ArcSoft ShowBiz, a video editor for the Windows operating system
* Showbiz (film), a Hindi film directed by Raju Khan
* Showbiz name or stage name, a pseudonym used by performers and entertainers
* ShowBiz Pizza Place, an American restaurant chain popular in the 1980s
# Goree Institute

The Goree Institute, formally The Goree Institute, Centre for Democracy, Development and Culture in Africa (French: L'Institut Gorée – Centre pour la Démocratie, le Dévéloppement et la Culture en Afrique), is a Pan African organization located on Gorée Island in Dakar, Senegal.

## History

The institute, born from an idea formulated by Senegalese president Abdou Diouf, was founded on 25 June 1992. It was established in the wake of a historic June 1987 meeting in Dakar, between the exiled leadership of the African National Congress and a group of liberal South Africans, mostly Afrikaners, from the business world, civil society, politics, religion and academia. Subsequently known as the "Dakar meeting", the gathering was one of many that opened the way for a negotiated end to apartheid in South Africa. Poet and activist Breyten Breytenbach was a foundation member, former executive director, later board member (at least until his 80th birthday).
The constitutional and legal environment within which the Institute has since then operated was made possible by the formal statute granted by the government of Senegal in 1991, as an expression of its commitment to allow Goree Institute to work in the challenging but free-minded "democratic space" of an off-shore Pan-African public interest organisation.

## Aims and activities

Its mission is "to contribute to the establishment of peaceful societies, fair and self-sufficient in Africa, to strengthen the political dialogue for the peaceful resolution of conflicts, contribute to the consolidation of democratic processes and institutions, and to encourage artistic creativity, social and economic" throughout Africa. The institute addresses questions of integration, civil society, citizenship, nationhood, languages, borders, and neocolonialism, as well as the issue of looting by colonial powers.
Alongside its activities of research, training and facilitation, the centre has set up a section exclusively tasked with the responsibility of hosting summits, researches and artists that in their work contributes to the general mission of the institute. This section, The Teral, provides conferences and sabbatical facilities on Gorée.
The executive director is Doudou Dia, and Ayo Obe is chairperson of the board of trustees.
# Jermaine McSporran

Jermaine McSporran (born 1 January 1977) is an English retired footballer who last played for Oxford City in the Southern League Division One South and West, after having been released by Chester City and Banbury United in the summer of 2006.
He was signed by Chester City from Doncaster Rovers (where he scored two goals, one against Ipswich in the League Cup and one in the league against Oldham) in 2006 and has also played for Wycombe Wanderers. In March 2004 he moved to Walsall. He joined Boston United in February 2006, and also played for Abingdon United.
He works full-time in a Unipart distribution warehouse in Oxford.
# Ansumane Faty

Ansumane Faty Júnior (born 21 June 1991 in Bissau), known simply as Ansumane, is a Guinea-Bissauan professional footballer who plays for Portuguese club CF Perosinho as a striker.
# Hugo Costa (footballer, born 1990)

Hugo Miguel Gonçalves Costa (born 20 February 1990) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays for C.D. Cerveira as a left back.

## Career

Born in Póvoa de Varzim, Costa came through the ranks of hometown club Varzim SC. He was an unused substitute for several Liga de Honra games in 2009–10, and played 16 games as they were relegated a year later.
Costa then signed for Primeira Liga club C.D. Feirense in 2011, who immediately loaned him to C.D. Tondela in the third tier. He made his only appearances for the parent club in 2012–13, two games in the Taça da Liga.
In January 2013, Costa signed for S.C. Freamunde of the second division, before then joining Boavista F.C. in the third. On 24 August, he scored on his debut to open a 3–1 win at U.D. Sousense.
Halfway through the 2014–15 season, Costa joined C.D. Mafra, and helped the club win the third division title. Having only played a game in each cup the following season, he joined Lusitano FCV in February 2016. He remained in that tier for the following years, with quick spells at S.C. Salgueiros, F.C. Felgueiras 1932, C.F. Canelas 2010, C.D. Cinfães, Vilaverdense F.C. and C.D. Cerveira.
# Maksym Lapushenko

Maksym Lapushenko (Ukrainian: Максим Сергійович Лапушенко; born 19 February 1992) is a Ukraine football defender who plays for Campeonato de Portugal club Gondomar.
# Newport Corporation Tramways

Newport Corporation Tramways operated a tramway service in Newport between 1894 and 1937.

## History

Newport Corporation took over the Newport Tramways Company on 30 July 1894. The company was then leased back to Solomon Andrews to continue the service.
The first electric services started on 9 April 1903. The trams sported a livery of Maroon and Cream.

## Closure

The final tram ran on 5 September 1937.
# Microsphaera coryli

Microsphaera coryli is a fungal plant pathogen.
# Edinburgh Northern Tramways

Edinburgh Northern Tramways operated a cable hauled tramway service in Edinburgh between 1888 and 1897.

## History

The service started on 28 January 1888 with a line along Hanover Street and Dundas Street to Ferry Road, Goldenacre. The depot and power station were located on Henderson Row. A second line opened on 17 February 1890 from George Street along Frederick Street and Howe Street through Stockbridge to Comely Bank.

## Closure

On 1 January 1897 it was taken over by the Edinburgh and District Tramways.
# Hartala

Hartala (or Haratale) is a village in Muktainagar taluka of Jalgaon district in Maharashtra, India. It is located near National Highway 53.

## Geography

This village is situated near the taluka seat of Muktainagar. It is situated on 274 meters above sea level on a hill. A 175 hectare freshwater lake is present to the southeast of the village. Nearby villages include Ghodasgaon, Muktainagar, Ruikheda, Pimpri Akraut, Taroda and Uchanda. Ruikheda is 15 km (9.3 mi) from Hartala, while Muktainagar is 7.3 km (4.5 mi), and Ghodasgaon is 16 km (9.9 mi) away.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 Census, the population of the village is 1097 families. It has 2422 males and 2442 females. The population below the age of six is 540, among whom 256 are girls and 284 are boys. Hartada has 1547 literate persons, out of whom 932 are female and 615 are male. It has 40 cultivators. The majority of the population speaks Marathi language.

## Administration

Hartala is part of the Muktainagar Vidhan Sabha constituency and Raver Lok Sabha constituency. It is in the Nashik division of Maharashtra and is part of the Bhusaval subdivision.

## Education

Hartala has a government Marathi-language primary school for grades 1 through 4.