OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William Douglas of Cluny

William Douglas of Cluny (c.1428 - c. 1475) was a Scottish noble who was a guardian to King James III of Scotland and in 1464, Warden of the Eastern and Middle Marches.

## Biography

William Douglas was the son of William, 2nd Earl of Angus and Margaret Hay.
Douglas was appointed guardian to King James III during his minority, and received from him before 1462, some of the spoil accruing from the forfeiture of the Earl of Douglas and his adherents. Two years later, in 1464, King James appointed him Warden of the Eastern and Middle Marches, in succession to his brother the 4th Earl of Angus on 12 January 1463, and at the same time committed to him the keeping of the castles of Douglas and Tantallon, with their lordships.
When the 5th earl, "Bell-the-Cat", came of age in 1470, William Douglas came before the King and ad eius genua prouolutus — resigned ward of Tantallon and the lordship of Douglas per fustem et baculum in the said earl's favour. The lands which he received upon the forfeiture of his kinsmen, comprising Sunderlandhall in Selkirkshire, Cranston in Midlothian, and Traquair and Leithenhope in Peeblesshire, were erected on 16 January 1464 into the barony of Sunderland in his favour.
William Douglas of Cluny, sometimes styled lord of Sunderland and sometimes lord of Traquair, died, probably unmarried, before 1475, when his lands of Cluny appear in possession of the 5th Earl of Angus.
# Saqlawiyah

As Saqlāwīyah (Arabic: الصقلاوية, romanized: aṣ-Ṣaqlāwīyah) is a city in Al Anbar Governorate, in central Iraq. It is located roughly 5 miles (8 km) northwest of the city of Fallujah.
Saqlawiyah is a rural city in between Habbaniyah and Fallujah that sits on the major freeway. The city was named after an Arabian Mare of the Saqlawiyah strain of the Juboor clan. Due to the canal network that runs through the area, agriculture is an import identity to Saqlawiyans. Due to its proximity to the major freeway, there are many shops along the road that cater to the transient crowds.

## ISIL control and recapture

Saqlawiyah came under ISIL control in September 2014 during the Siege of Saqlawiyah, as several hundred Iraqi soldiers were killed.
In 2016, during the Siege of Fallujah and Operation Breaking Terrorism, there was intense fighting in the area between the Iraqi army and ISIL militants. On 29 May, Iraqi troops seized a key bridge between nearby village of Zaghareed and Saqlawiyah in order to facilitate the entry of the security forces from the international highway road into the center of Saqlawiyah.
On 4 June, Iraqi forces captured the town of Saqlawiyah, conducting searches for numerous IEDs left by ISIL. All ISIL militants on board of a raft were killed as they were trying to escape on Euphrates River.
In the aftermath of the recapture of the town, as many as 643 Sunni tribesmen from Saqlawiyah were abducted, tortured, and extrajudicially killed by the state-backed Shia militia Kata’ib Hezbollah in a massacre.
# The Village Rogue

The Village Rogue may refer to:
* The Village Rogue (1916 film), a Hungarian silent drama film
* The Village Rogue (1938 film), a Hungarian drama film
# Onomichi Expressway

The Onomichi Expressway (尾道自動車道, Onomichi Jidōsha-dō) is a national expressway in the Chūgoku region of Japan. It is owned and operated by West Nippon Expressway Company.

## Naming

The expressway is officially referred to as the Chūgoku-Ōdan Expressway Onomichi Matsue Route. The Chūgoku-Ōdan Expressway Onomichi Matsue Route is the official designation for the Sanyō Expressway between Onomichi Interchange and Hiroshima Junction, the Onomichi Expressway between Onomichi Junction and Miyoshi-Higashi Junction, and the Matsue Expressway between Miyoshi-Higashi Junction and Matsue Interchange (concurrent with the Chūgoku-Ōdan Expressway Onomichi Matsue Route).

## Overview

The first section of the expressway was opened in 2010. The final section of the expressway (18.4 km between Kisa Interchange and Sera Interchange) was opened on March 22, 2015. The route originates from its junction with the Sanyō Expressway and extends northward. At its northern terminus it connects to the Chūgoku Expressway. The entire route is toll-free with the exception of the short (0.9 km) section between Onomichi Junction and Onomichi Toll Gate.
The route is 2 lanes for its entire length, with some overtaking areas. The speed limit is 70 km/h.

## List of interchanges and features

* IC - interchange, SIC - smart interchange, JCT - junction, SA - service area, PA - parking area, BS - bus stop, TN - tunnel, BR - bridge
| No. | Name | Connections | Dist. from Origin | Location |
| Through to Nishiseto Expressway (planned) |||||||
| (22-1) | Onomichi JCT | Sanyō Expressway | 0.0 | Onomichi |
| TB | Onomichi TB | | 0.9 | Onomichi |
| 1 | Onomichi-Kita IC | National Route 486 | 7.0 | Onomichi |
| 2 | Sera IC | National Route 432 | 19.2 | Sera |
| 3 | Konu IC | Hiroshima Prefectural Route 424 | 31.5 | Miyoshi |
| 4 | Kisa IC | National Route 184 | 39.6 | Miyoshi |
| 5 | Mirasaka IC | Hiroshima Prefectural Route 61 | 44.0 | Miyoshi |
| (21-1) 1 | Miyoshi-Higashi JCT Miyoshi-Higashi IC | Chūgoku Expressway Hiroshima Prefectural Route 434 | 49.9 | Miyoshi |
| Through to Matsue Expressway |||||||
# Ladislaus Vajda

Ladislaus Vajda (born Lipót Weisz; 18 August 1877 – 10 March 1933) was a Hungarian screenwriter. He wrote for 40 films in Hungary, Austria and Germany between 1916 and 1932. He was born in Eger, Northern Hungary and died in Berlin, Germany. He was the father of Hungarian film director Ladislao Vajda.

## Selected filmography

* The Village Rogue (1916)
* Utolsó hajnal, Az (1917)
* A vörös Sámson (1917)
* Mary Ann (1918)
* Number 111 (1919)
* Liliom (1919)
* Ave Caesar! (1919)
* Oliver Twist (1919)
* Yamata (1919)
* White Rose (1919)
* Sodom und Gomorrha (1922)
* Der Junge Medardus (1923)
* Die Lawine (1923)
* Die Sklavenkönigin (1924)
* Darling, Count the Cash (1926)
* The Love of Jeanne Ney (1927)
* The Csardas Princess (1927)
* The Dashing Archduke (1927)
* The Devious Path (1928)
* Mariett Dances Today (1928)
* Immorality (1928)
* The Lady in Black (1928)
* The Woman One Longs For (1929)
* His Majesty's Lieutenant (1929)
* Die Büchse der Pandora (1929)
* Land Without Women (1929)
* Police Spy 77 (1930)
* Love and Champagne (1930)
* There Is a Woman Who Never Forgets You (1930)
* The Love Express (1931)
* Venetian Nights (1931)
* L'Atlantide (1932)
# Hakodate-Esashi Expressway

The Hakodate-Esashi Expressway (函館江差自動車道, Hakodate-Esashi Jidōshadō) is an incomplete two-lane national expressway in Oshima Subprefecture of Hokkaido, Japan. It is owned and operated by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism and is signed E5A as an extension of the Hokkaido Expressway under the "2016 Proposal for Realization of Expressway Numbering."

## Route description

Officially, the current (as of January 2019) section of expressway open is known as the Hakodate-Kikonai Road. It is 34.0 kilometres (21.1 mi) long. The speed limit is set at 100 km/h along its entirety. With the exception of a short section at Hakodate Junction, the expressway only has one lane in each direction.
The roads northern terminus is at an interchange with Hakodate Shindō, a southern extension of the Hokkaido Expressway. From here the road travels west out of Hakodate and in to Hokuto. Upon entering Hokuto it has a junction with Japan National Route 227. It then crosses the Kunebetsu and Ōno rivers before another junction, this time with Hokkaido Route 96. From here, the route curves to the southwest, roughly paralleling the Hokkaido Shinkansen rail line, while the older Esashi Line winds back and forth alongside the expressway. The expressway abruptly meets in temporary southern terminus at Hokkaido Route 1167 in the southern part of Hokuto near Moheji Station.

## History

The expressway was first opened between Hakodate Junction and Hokuto-chūō Interchange in 2003. At the time of construction, the open interchanges in Hokuto had different names. Those interchanges were renamed Hokuto-Oiwake and Hokuto-chūō in October 2009. Shortly after, in November of the same year, the expressway was extended to Hokuto-Tomigawa. After that, in March 2012 the expressway was extended to Hokuto-Moheji. Most recently, in March 26, 2022 the expressway was extended to Kikonai.

## Future

Construction is underway to extend the expressway 16.0 kilometres (9.9 mi) to Kikonai; however, progress was delayed due to the finding of Jōmon period relics in the construction area. The completion date for this extension is March 26, 2022.

## Junction list

The entire expressway is in Hokkaido.
| Location | km | mi | Exit | Name | Destinations | Notes |
| Through to National Route 278 (Hakodate Shinsotokan Road) |||||||
| Hakodate | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | Hakodate | Hakodate Shindō– Nanae, Sapporo, Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto Station | Northern terminus. |
| Hokuto | 3.4 | 2.1 | 2 | Hokuto-Oiwake | National Route 227 | |
| Hokuto | 8.0 | 5.0 | 3 | Hokuto-chūō | Hokkaido Route 96 | |
| Hokuto | 12.6 | 7.8 | 4 | Hokuto-Tomigawa | National Route 228 | Northbound entrance and southbound exit only |
| Hokuto | 18.0 | 11.2 | 5 | Hokuto-Moheji | Hokkaido Route 1167 | |
| Kikonai | 34.0 | 21.1 | 6 | Kikonai | National Route 228 | Current southern terminus as of March 2022 |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Incomplete access |||||||
# Obihiro-Hiroo Expressway

The Obihiro-Hiroo Expressway (帯広広尾自動車道, Obihiro-Hiroo Jidōsha-dō) is an incomplete two-lane national expressway in Tokachi Subprefecture, Hokkaido. It is owned and operated primarily by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT), but has a short section maintained and tolled by the East Nippon Expressway Company at its northern terminus with the Dōtō Expressway. The route is signed as an auxiliary route of National Route 236 as well E60 under MLIT's "2016 Proposal for Realization of Expressway Numbering."

## Route description

The speed limit is 100 km/h for the entire route. There is only one lane travelling in each direction along the entirety of the expressway.

## History

The first section of the Obihiro-Hiroo Expressway opened on 15 March 2003 between the Dōtō Expressway and Hokkaido Route 1153 in Obihiro. The next addition opened three years later, extending the expressway 13.1 kilometres (8.1 mi) to Hokkaido Route 1157 (Obihiro Airport Road). In 2008 the route was extended to Nakasatsunai. After five years, the next section to Sarabetsu was added. As of February 2019, the most recent addition was completed in 2015, extending the route to its current southern terminus at Chūrui-Taiki Interchange.

## Future

There are plans to extend the expressway 15.1 kilometres (9.4 mi) south from Chūrui-Taiki Interchange in Taiki to Hiroo.

## Junction list

The entire expressway is in Hokkaido.
| Location | km | mi | Exit | Name | Destinations | Notes |
| Memuro | 0 | 0.0 | 9/TB | Obihiro | Dōtō Expressway– Sapporo, Kushiro, Kitami | Northern terminus of the expressway |
| Memuro | 4.5 | 2.8 | 1 | Memuro-Obihiro | Hokkaido Route 1152 to National Route 38 – Central Obihiro | |
| Obihiro | 16.3 | 10.1 | 2 | Obihiro-kawanishi | Hokkaido Route 1153 to National Route 236 – Nakasatsunai, Tokachi–Obihiro Airport | |
| Obihiro | 29.4 | 18.3 | 3 | Kōfuku | Hokkaido Route 1157 (Obihiro Airport Road) to National Route 236 – Hiroo, Kōfuku Station (closed), Tokachi–Obihiro Airport | |
| Nakasatsunai | 35.4 | 22.0 | 4 | Nakasatsunai | Hokkaido Route 1166 to National Route 236 – Obihiro | |
| Sarabetsu | 41.9 | 26.0 | 5 | Sarabetsu | Hokkaido Route 716 to National Route 236 – Central Sarabetsu, Obihiro | |
| Makubetsu | 54.9 | 34.1 | 6 | Chūrui | National Route 236 – Nakasatsunai, Taiki | |
| Taiki | 57.3 | 35.6 | 7 | Chūrui-Taiki | Unnamed municipal road to National Route 236 – Obihiro, Hiroo | Southern terminus of the expressway (as of February 2019) |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Electronic toll collection |||||||
# White Tower

White Tower may refer to:

## Geography and history

* White Tower or Tower of the Forty Martyrs, Mamluk minaret of the White Mosque, Ramla, Israel
* White Tower of Thessaloniki, a monument and museum in Greece
* White Tower of Tehran, Iran
* White Tower of Tsarskoye Selo, landscape architecture element in Tsarskoye Selo, Russia
* White Tower (Yekaterinburg), constructivist former water tower in Yekaterinburg, Russia
* White Tower (Tower of London), a central tower in the Tower of London, United Kingdom
* White Tower (Brixen), bell tower dated back to the 15th century, Brixen, Italy
* The White Tower (British Columbia), a Canadian Rockies mountain named after the tower in the Tower of London
* The White Tower (Czech Republic), a 16th-century tower in the city of Hradec Králové
* Lotrščak Tower, a 13th-century fortress in Zagreb, Croatia nicknamed "the White Tower"
* Sarkel, a fortress in Russia renamed in 965 A.D. to Belaya Vezha (White Tower)
* Tower of Kamyanyets, often called Belaya Vezha (White Tower)
* Aħrax Tower, a tower in Malta often called Torri l-Abjad (White Tower)

## Literature

* The White Tower (Ullman novel), a 1945 novel by James Ramsey Ullman
* Shiroi Kyotō (The White Tower), a 1965 novel by Toyoko Yamasaki
* The White Tower (Johnston novel), a 2003 novel by Dorothy Johnston
* The White Tower of Minas Tirith in J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth
* White Tower (The Wheel of Time), the headquarters of the Aes Sedai in the Wheel of Time series

## Film and television

* The White Tower (film), a 1950 film based on the 1945 novel
* Shiroi Kyotō (The White Tower), a 1966 Japanese film based on the 1965 novel of the same name
* White Tower (film), a 2004 Chinese film
* White Tower (TV series), a 2007 South Korean TV drama based on the 1965 Japanese novel

## Other uses

* White Tower Hamburgers, a restaurant chain
# Japan National Route 404

National Route 404 is a national highway of Japan connecting Nagaoka, Niigata and Jōetsu, Niigata in Japan, with a total length of 95.7 km (59.47 mi).
# Tolumonas

Tolumonas is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria. It grows under aerobic and anaerobic conditions and is nonmotile. The cells are rods and occur in pairs or singly. It is known for one of its species biological bacterial production of toluene from phenylalanine and other phenyl precursors
# List of political parties in Palau

Palau currently has no political parties. It is a de facto non-partisan democracy and no law prevents the formation of political parties. Political scientist Wouter Veenendaal states that "according to various sources the Palauan political environment is primarily determined by clan membership and inter- and intra-clan relationships, which according to Larry Gerston essentially assume the role of political parties".
The Palau Nationalist Party, which functioned mainly as an electoral vehicle as opposed to an ideological movement, was founded for the 1996 elections. It is believed to no longer exist.
The Ta Belau Party was formed in 1987, and likewise is not currently active. It supported the presidency of Lazarus Salii, who committed suicide while in office in 1988.
# Jabłoń-Dąbrowa

Jabłoń-Dąbrowa is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowe Piekuty, within Wysokie Mazowieckie County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland.
* This Wysokie Mazowieckie County location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Alex Prugh

Alexander William Prugh (born September 1, 1984) is an American professional golfer who has played on the Web.com Tour and the PGA Tour.

## Early years

Prugh was born and raised in Spokane, Washington. He attended Joel E. Ferris High School, where he was a member of the golf team. He later went on to play at the University of Washington, where he was a three-time varsity Pac-10 All-Conference.

## Professional career

Since turning professional in 2007, Prugh has spent most of his career playing on the second tier Nationwide Tour, where he has one victory, achieved at the 2009 Michael Hill New Zealand Open. In 2009, he finished 16th on the money list to earn his 2010 PGA Tour card. In his third start of the 2010 season, Prugh started the final round of the Bob Hope Classic (rain delayed until Monday) tied for the lead and ended up finishing alone in 5th place, earning $200,000. He followed that performance with another 5th place finish at the Farmers Insurance Open and a 10th place finish at the Northern Trust Open. Prugh's best finish on the PGA Tour is tied for second at the 2010 Frys.com Open. He finished 11th on the 2013 Web.com Tour regular season money list to earn his 2014 PGA Tour card. In 2013–14, he made only 4 cuts in 16 events and finished 206th on the FedEx Cup points list and lost his PGA Tour card. However, he finished 41st in the Web.com Tour Finals to earn his PGA Tour card for the 2014–15 season.

## Amateur wins

* 2005 Pacific Coast Amateur, Washington State Amateur

## Professional wins (1)
### PGA Tour of Australasia wins (1)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of victory | Runner-up |
| 1 | Mar 15, 2009 | Michael Hill New Zealand Open$^1$ | −19 (65-71-69-64=269) | 3 strokes | Martin Piller |
$^1$Co-sanctioned by the Nationwide Tour

### Web.com Tour wins (1)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of victory | Runner-up |
| 1 | Mar 15, 2009 | Michael Hill New Zealand Open$^1$ | −19 (65-71-69-64=269) | 3 strokes | Martin Piller |
$^1$Co-sanctioned by the PGA Tour of Australasia
Web.com Tour playoff record (0–1)
| No. | Year | Tournament | Opponent | Result |
| 1 | 2018 | Rust-Oleum Championship | Chase Wright | Lost to birdie on second extra hole |

## Results in major championships

| Tournament | 2007 |
| Masters Tournament | |
| U.S. Open | CUT |
| The Open Championship | |
| PGA Championship | |
* Tournament
* Masters Tournament
* U.S. Open
* The Open Championship
* PGA Championship
| Tournament | 2019 |
| Masters Tournament | |
| PGA Championship | |
| U.S. Open | T21 |
| The Open Championship | |
CUT = missed the half-way cut "T" = tied
# Lawrence Thornton

Lawrence Thornton (born 1937) is an American novelist and critic living in Claremont, California. His most well known novel, Imagining Argentina, employs the methods of magic realism to tell a story of the Dirty War (1976-1983). This novel, along with Naming the Spirits and Tales from the Blue Archives, makes up the Argentina Trilogy. His work, published in eighteen languages, is frequently taught in schools and universities. In 2003 a film was made of Imagining Argentina by Christopher Hampton starring Antonio Banderas, Emma Thompson and Claire Bloom. In 1996, Zorongo Flamenco, a Minneapolis-based flamenco troupe, staged a flamenco version of the novel that featured an international cast of dancers and singers. In addition to writing six novels, he is the author of a non-fiction study of modern fiction, Unbodied Hope, as well as scholarly articles in PMLA, Comparative Literature, American Literature, Modern Fiction Studies and other learned journals. During the 1990s he was a regular reviewer for The New York Times Book Review.

## Biography

After graduating from high school, Thornton attended the University of California, Santa Barbara, earning a B.A. in 1960. He is the father of Shelley L. Thornton-Stauffer born 1963.
He returned for an M.A. in 1967 and began working with Hugh Kenner who directed his Ph.D. dissertation (1973). He met Toni Clark in 1966 and they married in 1969. He taught at Montana State University from 1974 to 1984 when he left for a position at UCLA. After Imagining Argentina was published in 1987, he abandoned scholarship and concentrated solely on fiction. Since then, he has taught creative writing at UC Santa Barbara, UC Irvine, and Pomona College before retiring in 2009.

## Awards

* Gold Medal, Commonwealth Club of California 1996
* California Arts Council Artists' Fellowship 1993
* National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship 1989
* John Simon Guggenheim Fellowship 1988
* PEN/Hemingway Foundation Award 1987
* Silver Medal, Commonwealth Club of California 1987
* Finalist, PEN/Faulkner Award 1987
* PEN Center USA West Award for Best Novel of 1987
* Shirley Collier Award in Fiction UCLA 1987
* American Council of Learned Societies Grant 1984
* National Endowment for the Humanities Fellowship 1975, 1979, 1980

## Works

* Sailors on the Inward Sea, Free Press 2004
* Tales from the Blue Archives, Doubleday 1997
* Naming the Spirits, Doubleday 1995
* Ghost Woman, Ticknor & Fields 1992
* Under the Gypsy Moon, Doubleday 1990
* Imagining Argentina, Doubleday 1987
* Unbodied Hope: Narcissism and the Modern Novel, Bucknell University Press 1984
# RagWing RW7 Duster

The RagWing RW7 Duster is a single seat, low wing, strut-braced, single engine ultralight aircraft designed by Roger Mann and sold as plans by RagWing Aircraft Designs for amateur construction.

## Design and development

The RW7 was designed as a homebuilt aircraft category design as it is too heavy to be a US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles compliant aircraft with that category's 254 lb (115 kg) empty weight limit. The RW7 was designed as a homebuilt version of a classic crop duster and in fact can be fitted with a small aerial application system. The aircraft was developed from the earlier RagWing RW4 Midwing Sport, which in turn was developed from the RagWing RW1 Ultra-Piet. All aircraft share common construction materials and methods.
The airframe is constructed entirely from wood and covered with aircraft fabric. The landing gear is of conventional configuration. The aircraft's installed power range is 28 to 52 hp (21 to 39 kW) and the standard engine is the 50 hp (37 kW) Rotax 503, although the 38 hp (28 kW) Kawasaki 440, Volkswagen air-cooled engine and the 35 hp (26 kW) Half VW have also been used.
Partial kits and construction kits were available in the late 1990s, but today the aircraft is only offered as plans. Estimated construction time is 400–600 hours, although the designer estimates 400 hours. The aircraft can be built in a single car garage, with outdoor final assembly when the wings and fuselage are completed.

## Specifications (RW7)

Data from Cliche and RagWing
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Length: 17 ft 0 in (5.18 m)
* Wingspan: 28 ft 0 in (8.53 m)
* Height: 5 ft 6 in (1.68 m)
* Wing area: 1,400 sq ft (130 m$^2$)
* Empty weight: 275 lb (125 kg)
* Gross weight: 660 lb (299 kg)
* Fuel capacity: 5 US gallons (19 litres)
* Powerplant: 1 × Rotax 503 twin cylinder two stroke aircraft engine, 50 hp (37 kW)
* Propellers: 2-bladed wooden
Performance
* Cruise speed: 65 mph (105 km/h, 56 kn)
* Stall speed: 22 mph (35 km/h, 19 kn)
* Never exceed speed: 100 mph (160 km/h, 87 kn)
* Range: 200 mi (320 km, 170 nmi)
* Service ceiling: 12,500 ft (3,800 m)
* Rate of climb: 1,000 ft/min (5.1 m/s)
# Glencoe Subdivision

44°46′18″N 94°09′03″W﻿ / ﻿44.7716°N 94.1507°W﻿ / 44.7716; -94.1507
vteTwin Cities and Western Railroad Glencoe Subdivision :
Legend :
The Twin Cities and Western Railroad's Glencoe Subdivision is a segment of railway track from Hopkins, Minnesota to Montevideo, Minnesota built by the Hastings and Dakota Railroad in 1878 and first charted that year. The company extended them to Ortonville, Minnesota by 1879.
The Hastings and Dakota Railroad had a large junction at Cologne, Minnesota to access this line. It was taken over by the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad in the 1880s. Milwaukee Later built the Lake Street depression to connect to St. Paul, which was known as "the shortline". Milwaukee Railroad relocated large portions of the line between Hopkins and Cologne in 1913. The Milwaukee Road operated until it was purchased by Soo Line Railroad in 1985. Soo Line sold the line off to the Twin Cities and Western Railroad in 1991.