OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# George Lichter

George Lichter (December 14, 1921 – August 2, 2013) was an American fighter pilot and one of the founders of the Israeli Air Force.

## Biography

Lichter was born in Brooklyn in 1921 to a Jewish family that had emigrated from Lithuania at the turn of the century. A day after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor he enlisted with the US Army Air Forces to become a pilot. Serving with the 361st Fighter Group on the European front, Lichter flew the P-51 Mustang and P-47 Thunderbolt, and participated in 88 combat missions, including the Normandy landings. He returned to the United States in December 1944 and served as a flight instructor before leaving the military.

### With the Israeli Air Force

In early 1948, following the outbreak of the 1947–1949 Palestine war, Lichter volunteered to fight for the nascent Israeli Air Force. When Israel secured the purchase of its first fighter aircraft, 25 Avia S-199s, a Czechoslovak derivative of the German Messerschmitt Bf 109, Lichter traveled to Czechoslovakia. He learned to fly the Avia at the airfield at České Budějovice.
Lichter arrived in Israel in August 1948, once the last Avia S-199 conversion course had finished. He joined Israel's 101 "First Fighter" Squadron and took his first flight in Israel on August 14, flying Avia D-119 from Maabarot, where the squadron had moved while the airfield at Herzliya was being renovated. He was soon on his way back to Czechoslovakia, however. Israel had acquired former Czech Supermarine Spitfires and Lichter was sent to train additional pilots on the new type. He took his last flight on the Avia on August 25. In December 1948, Lichter participated in Operation Velvetta II to ferry the Spitfires to Israel.
After the war ended in early 1949, Lichter left Israel but returned shortly later. He was appointed chief test pilot at Tel Nof and later chief instructor at the IAF Advanced Flying School.

### Later life

In 1951 Lichter returned to the United States, where he became active in the textile field. In 1995 he retired to Boulder, Colorado. Lichter died on August 2, 2013, after a brief battle with leukemia. He was survived by three children.
In 2012 author Vic Shayne published a biography of Lichter titled "Ups & Downs With No Regrets".
# Bhupendra Singh (Madhya Pradesh politician)

Bhupendra Singh (born 20 May 1960) is an Indian politician and a former minister in charge of Home Affairs, IT & Transport as well as Urban Development and Housing in Government of Madhya Pradesh.
From 2013 to December 2018, he was a cabinet minister in the Government of Madhya Pradesh, for the IT and transport department, later in 2016 his IT department has been switched with home department after Babulal Gaur skipped the post. In the 2009 general election, he was elected to the 15th Lok Sabha from the Sagar Lok Sabha constituency of Madhya Pradesh after two consecutive losses in assembly election 2003 & 2008 from Surkhi & Khurai respectively.
He was also a member of Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly during 1993-2003 from Surkhi.
Currently he is ex-minister for Urban Development & Housing, Govt. of M.P.
# King Petar the First (film)

King Petar the First (Serbian: Краљ Петар I) is a 2018 Serbian-Greek war historical drama film directed by Petar Ristovski, starring Lazar Ristovski and Radovan Vujović. The screenplay is based on Milovan Vitezović's 1994 novel King Petar's socks. It was selected as the Serbian entry for the Best International Feature Film at the 92nd Academy Awards, but it was not nominated and the best film at the Festival of Serbian film in Chicago.

## Plot

Peter I of Serbia was banished from Serbia as a young man. Many years later, he returns to his country to liberate its people and secure parliamentary democracy and later lead the country during World War I.

## Cast

| Lazar Ristovski | Kralj Petar I Karađorđević |
| Radovan Vujović | Života |
| Milan Kolak | Marinko Spasojević |
| Ivan Vujić | Momčilo Gavrić |
| Danica Ristovski | Makrena |
| Svetozar Cvetković | Živojin Mišić |
| Tanasije Uzunović | vojvoda Radomir Putnik |
| Aleksandar Vučković | regent Aleksandar Karađorđević |
| Ivan Marković | Posilni |
| Marko Todorović | Đorđe Karađorđević |
| Marko Bacović | Nikola Pašić |
| Ljubiša Savanović | Apis |
| Nebojša Kundačina | Petar Bojović |
| Branko Jerinić | Stepa Stepanović |
| Dragan Boža Marjanović | colonel Milivoje Stojanović |
# Taylor Gordon

Taylor Gordon (d. May 31, 2016) was a Canadian boxer, Olympic boxing coach and trainer. He was a prominent figure in Canadian amateur sports.

## Early life

Taylor Gordon was born in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan.
In the mid-1940s, he joined the Royal Canadian Navy, where he served for 25 years.

## Amateur boxing career

In 111 amateur boxing matches, he won 101 of them.
In February 1950, he competed at an amateur boxing event in Regina with the Melfort Boxing Club.
He won the Canadian Forces title in 1950 in the lightweight division.

## Coaching career

In 1967, he coached the Coverdale Boxing Club in New Brunswick.
Gordon was appointed as the Canadian national Olympic boxing team's coach for the 1968 Olympics. After being relocated to Nova Scotia with the Navy in the early 1970s, he opted to stay and founded the Citadel Amateur Boxing Club in 1972. He was selected as the national team's head coach for four consecutive Olympics: 1980 in Moscow (which Canada boycotted), 1984 in Los Angeles, 1988 in Seoul, and 1992 in Barcelona. He resigned as the head coach after the 1992 Olympics and served as an Olympic assistant coach in 1996 Olympics and 2000 Olympics.
He was inducted into the Nova Scotia Sport Hall of Fame in 1996.

## Personal life

Wayne Gordon, a former Canadian welterweight boxer, is his son.

## Death

Gordon died on Wednesday, May 31, 2016, at the age of 84 years old.

## Honors and awards

* Canadian Forces Lightweight Champion. (1950)
* Inductee of the Nova Scotia Sport Hall of Fame. (1996)
* 5-time Olympic boxing coach.
# Acinetobacter modestus

Acinetobacter modestus is a bacterium from the genus Acinetobacter.
# Creative Boom

Creative Boom is an art, design and visual culture magazine and website aimed at the creative industries. The UK-based platform includes general articles, industry news, features, tips and inspiration pieces for various creative sectors including advertising, animation, architecture, art and culture, crafts, digital, fashion, film, gaming, graphic design, illustration, photography, product design, and publishing. In addition, it has a podcast and print shop.

## History and growth

Creative Boom launched on 24 July 2009 after its Manchester-based founding editor, Katy Cowan, spoke to other freelancers and small businesses on Twitter and realised there was a need for creative support online, particularly for the underrepresented – somewhere people could gain free exposure, support and learn about all things creative. Creative Boom has seven million readers annually.
On 4 November 2011, Creative Boom became part of The Guardian Culture Professionals Network, one of the professional networks available on the newspaper's website, where Katy Cowan would write advice pieces.
On 3 February 2020, Creative Boom introduced The Creative Boom Podcast, featuring conversations with artists and designers. As host, Katy Cowan has interviewed more than 70 guests, including illustrator and author Dapo Adeola, designer and host of Design Matters, Debbie Millman, American graphic designer, writer and educator Gail Anderson, British graphic designer Malcolm Garrett, visual artist and author Oliver Jeffers.
On 11 November 2021, Creative Boom launched its print shop, selling art prints by artists and designers, including Noma Bar, Morag Myerscough, Luis Mendo, Danielle Rhoda, and Rob Lowe of Supermundane.

## Recognition

Creative Boom won Best Design Media Award in the international A' Design Award & Competition in 2018. Shopify recommended the website as a resource "dedicated to creative inspiration", while Creative Pool described Creative Boom as a platform for "artists, writers, game designers and more", saying "we'd spend hours playing with those little eyes at the top".
The Creative Boom Podcast was named the number-one podcast for creative career advice and insight by Creative Lives in Progress.
# Eutrapelia

Eutrapelia comes from the Greek for "wittiness" (Ancient Greek: εὐτραπελία, romanized: eutrapelia) and refers to pleasantness in conversation, with ease and a good sense of humor. It is one of Aristotle's virtues, being the "golden mean" between boorishness (ἀγροικία) and buffoonery (βωμολοχία).
Construed narrowly, eutrapelia is associated with an emotion in the same manner modesty and righteousness are associated with emotion; while it is not tied to any particular emotion when construed in wider terms, and is classified with truthfulness, friendliness, and dignity in the category of mean-dispositions that cannot be called pathetikai mesotetes.
In Ephesians 5:4, Paul the Apostle uses the word εὐτραπελία with a negative meaning, referring to dirty jokes which do not befit Christians. John Chrysostom follows him in strongly criticizing inappropriate witticism, warning "that the greatest evils are both produced and increased by it, and that it oftentimes terminates in fornication".
Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274), viewed eutrapelia in a positive light, again, favoring the ancient Aristotelian notion that it is constituted by mental relaxation and honorable fun. In the Summa Theologica, Aquinas made it the virtue of moderation in relation to jesting.
By the second half of thirteenth century, the concept was considered a state of judicious pleasure and returned to being considered a virtue by commentators.
The term eutrapely is derived from eutrapelia and, since 1596, shares the original meaning of wittiness in conversations.
# 1950 United Kingdom general election in Scotland

A general election was held in the United Kingdom on Thursday 23 February 1950, and all 71 seats in Scotland were contested. The Labour Party won a plurality of votes and a majority of seats within Scotland. When combined with results from across the UK the Labour government of Clement Attlee was returned to power with a slim majority of only 5. This proved unworkable, and a further election was held the following year.
The Liberals gained two seats in Scotland, having been unrepresented north of the border in the previous parliament. Scotland's only Communist MP, Willie Gallacher, was defeated in his West Fife seat, which went to Labour. Only one independent MP, John MacLeod was returned (as member for Ross and Cromarty standing as an "Independent Liberal").

## Results

| Party | Party | Party | Seats | Seats change | Votes | % | % Change |
| | Labour Party | Labour Party | 37 | | 1,259,410 | 46.2 | 1.7 |
| | Conservative and Unionist (Total) | Conservative and Unionist (Total) | 31 | 4 | 1,222,010 | 44.8 | 4.5 |
| | | Unionist | 26 | 2 | 1,013,909 | 37.2 | 0.5 |
| | | National Liberal & Conservative | 5 | 2 | 208,101 | 7.6 | 4.0 |
| | Liberal | Liberal | 2 | 2 | 180,270 | 6.6 | 1.0 |
| | SNP | SNP | 0 | | 9,708 | 0.4 | 0.9 |
| | Communist | Communist | 0 | 1 | 27,559 | 1.0 | 0.4 |
| | Other | Other | 1 | 2 | 27,727 | 1.0 | 0.7 |
| Total | Total | Total | 71 | | 2,726,684 | 100 | |

### Votes summary

Popular vote
Labour
46.2%
Unionist
44.8%
Liberal
6.6%
Other
2.4% :
Parliamentary seats
Labour
37 seats
Unionist
31 seats
Liberal
2 seats
Independent Liberal
1 seats :
# U. R. Pradeep

U. R. Pradeep is an Indian politician from Kerala and is the current MLA for the Chelakkara Assembly constituency. He is a member of the Communist Party of India (Marxist).
# Pontibacter actiniarum

Pontibacter actiniarum is a Gram-negative, heterotrophic and aerobic bacterium from the genus Pontibacter which has been isolated from the Rudnaya Bay from the Pacific Ocean.
# John P. Charlton

John P. Charlton was an American printer and stationer from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, who is often credited as the inventor of the private postal card, which he copyrighted in 1861 together with Hymen Lipman.

## History of Charlton's postal card

The first postal cards have been used by William Henry Jackson, an artist and photographer, who painted Civil War battlefields in the beginning of the 1860s and used them to write to his family. Charlton invented the private postal card around the same time in 1861 in Philadelphia. He copyrighted and patented the idea in the same year. He later transferred the rights to the idea to his friend and fellow printer Hymen Lipman who was also credited for the invention and who printed the postal cards with a decorative border and a small print reading "Lipman's Postal Card. Patent Applied For." (see picture). Lipman's cards were also the ones that were first known as "post cards".

## Design

Charlton's invention was a plain card (except the decorative border), the face of which was completely reserved for the message. The reverse side was for the destination address and the 1¢ stamp. Neither side bore a picture or similar decoration, as modern picture postcards do. The well-known postcard format of a divided back (for text and address) with an image on the whole front was not used in the US until 1907, although they were used earlier in other countries.

## End of production

Charlton and Lipman stopped production of their postal cards in 1873. The United States had previously allowed non-government issued post cards to be circulated as long as proper postage was affixed to it and they confined to the government's regulations. Starting in 1873 however, the government began to issue their own post cards measuring 130 x 75 mm. This lasted until May 19, 1898, when Congress passed the Private Mailing Card Act.
# Draba lactea

Draba lactea, the Lapland whitlow-grass or milky whitlow-grass, is a flower common throughout the high Arctic. It stretches further south in mountainous areas of Norway, Montana, Canada, and Greenland.
The plant is 2–5 cm tall, and caespitose. The flower stems are glabrous. The leaves have stellate hairs on the surface and simple hairs at the margins. The flowers are pure white, and there are many flowers on each stem. Flowers bloom June to August.
Draba species are found on dry as well as moist localities such as wet meadows, fields and prairies. Most of the species have a circumpolar distribution, but there is considerable variation within this group.
# Mzwakhe Sibisi

Christopher Howard Mzwakhe Sibisi (27 July 1970 – 18 October 2023) was a South African educator and politician who served as a Member of the National Assembly of South Africa from May 2019 until his death. Sibisi was a member of the National Freedom Party. He served as the party's acting secretary-general in 2019.

## Education

Sibisi held a matric certificate as well as a teacher's diploma.

## Politics

Sibisi was a member of the National Freedom Party. He was appointed the acting secretary general of the party after incumbent Nhlanhlakayise Khubisa had resigned. He held this position until December 2019, when Canaan Mdletshe was elected to the position.

## Parliamentary career

Sibisi was nominated to the National Assembly of South Africa after the general election held on 8 May 2019. He was sworn in as an MP on 22 May 2019.

### Committees

On 27 June 2019, he received his committee assignments:
* Portfolio Committee on Basic Education (Alternate Member)
* Portfolio Committee on Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs (Alternate Member)
* Portfolio Committee on Employment and Labour (Alternate Member)
* Portfolio Committee on Public Service and Administration (Member)
* Portfolio Committee on Sports, Arts and Culture (Member)
* Portfolio Committee on Transport (Alternate Member)

## Death

Sibisi died on 18 October 2023.
# Paul Nixon (cyclist)

Paul Nixon (April 23, 1914 – January 18, 2008) was an American cyclist. He competed in the individual and team road race events at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
# American Grown

American Grown: The Story of the White House Kitchen Garden and Gardens Across America is a book by First Lady of the United States Michelle Obama published in 2012. The book promotes healthy eating and documents the White House Kitchen Garden through the seasons. The garden, planted in 2009 on the White House's South Lawn, promoted the first lady's Let's Move! initiative to end childhood obesity. Journalist Lyric Winik assisted Obama in the writing of American Grown. Proceeds from the book were donated to the National Park Foundation.

## Contents

American Grown is divided into four sections (one for each season) and includes color photographs of vegetables, as well as recipes, instructions for making a compost bin, and stories about community gardens in the United States. The book delves into the history of gardens at the White House, including First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt's victory garden and Thomas Jefferson's attempts to grow a four-foot-long cucumber. Obama describes how the Kitchen Garden's Jefferson beds include a quote from the former president that is also a guiding principle for the garden: "the failure of one thing repaired by the success of another; and instead of one harvest, a continued one throughout the year."
American Grown blends the first lady's personal gardening experiences with stories from the White House Kitchen Garden. Obama writes about the time in her life when she had "no idea that tomatoes didn’t come in green plastic trays, covered by cellophane, and that they could be any color other than pale red." The portion of the book devoted to the White House beehive describes how an apple tree in the Children's Garden produced fruit for the first time in 25 years after the introduction of bees. Through her research for the book, Obama discovered that her maternal grandmother tended a community victory garden in Chicago.

## Reception

A review in The New York Times called Obama's book "charming and thought-provoking." Writer Dominique Browning also said that the garden calls the country's attention to the connection between food quality and health.
# Chokher Bali

Chokher Bali (lit. 'Sand in The Eyes') may refer to:
# Santa Cruz de Salinas

Santa Cruz de Salinas is a municipality in the northeast of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. Its population in 2020 was 4,107 inhabitants in a total area of 587 km².
Santa Cruz de Salinas belongs to the Salinas statistical microregion. The elevation of the municipal seat is 728 meters. It became a municipality in 1997.
The main economic activities are cattle raising and farming. The GDP was R$11,710,000 (2005). There were no banking agencies in 2006. In all the municipality there were 63 automobiles in 2007, a ratio of one automobile for every 80 inhabitants. In the rural area there were 808 farms with around 2,500 people involved in the agricultural sector. There were 2 tractors, a ratio of one tractor for every 400 farms. The main crops were coffee, citrus fruits, sugarcane, beans, manioc, and corn. In the health sector there were 4 health clinics and no hospitals. The score on the Municipal Human Development Index was 0.599 (2000). This ranked Rubelita 836 out of 853 municipalities in the state, with Poços de Caldas in first place with 0.841 and Setubinha in last place with 0.568. See Frigoletto for the complete list.
# Isu Group

Isu Group is a large South Korean chaebol (conglomerate), with subsidiaries in the chemical, industry, financial, petroleum and automotive fields. It is headquartered in Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, and was established in 1996. The CEO is Kim Sang-beom, a J.D. and M.B.A. graduate of the University of Michigan.

## Subsidiaries

* Isu Corporation
* Isu Chemical Company
* Isu Constructions
* Isu Petasys
* Isu Oil Marketing Sales
* Isu Venture Capital
* Isu Business Systems
* Isu Abxis
* Isu Ubcare
* Isu Exachem
* Isu Exaboard
* Total-Isu Oil Company
* Isu C&E
# Lewinella aquimaris

Lewinella aquimaris is a Gram-negative and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Lewinella which has been isolated from seawater from the Yellow Sea in Korea.
# Drábské světničky

Drábské světničky is a ruin of a 13th-century rock castle in the Czech Republic. It is located about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) northeast of Mnichovo Hradiště on the ragged edge of a sandstone cliff high above surrounding landscape. The castle covers a group of seven sandstone rocks, connected with wooden bridges. It has been abandoned since the Hussite wars in the 15th century.
50°31′54″N 15°01′54″E﻿ / ﻿50.53167°N 15.03167°E﻿ / 50.53167; 15.03167
* This article about a castle in the Czech Republic is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
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# Easterhouse railway station

Easterhouse railway station serves the Easterhouse area of Glasgow, Scotland. It was built by the North British Railway as part of their Coatbridge Branch and opened when the branch opened on 1 February 1871. The station is 5¾ miles (9 km) east of Glasgow Queen Street railway station on the North Clyde Line and is managed by ScotRail.

## Daily services

Monday to Saturday daytimes:
* Half-hourly service towards Edinburgh Waverley
* Half-hourly service towards Airdrie
* Half-hourly service towards Balloch via Glasgow Queen Street Low Level
* Half-hourly service towards Helensburgh Central via Glasgow Queen Street Low Level (as of August 2016 this service no longer calls at Shettleston, Cartyne and Bellgrove. Passengers for these stations have to use the half-hourly service towards Balloch instead.)
Evening services are as follows:
* Half-hourly service towards Airdrie via all stations
* Half-hourly service towards Balloch via Glasgow Queen Street Low Level
Sunday services are as follows:
* Half-hourly service towards Edinburgh Waverley
* Half-hourly service towards Helensburgh Central

## Rolling stock

The current rolling stock operating the North Clyde Lines are Class 320s, Class 318 and Class 334.

## Previous operations

From the 1960s after electrification by British Railways, both Class 311s and Class 303s operated the North Clyde Lines. During a fleet cascade it was common to find a Class 314, Class 311 or Class 303. During the 1990s the Class 320s were introduced to the North Clyde Lines. The Class 311s were then withdrawn and both Class 303s and 320s operated together until 2002 when the final Class 303 unit was withdrawn. The Class 334s then entered service. Initially, the units were set for the Ayrshire Lines but they operated the North Clyde lines during peak-hour times.
| Preceding station | National Rail | National Rail | National Rail | Following station |
| Blairhill | | ScotRail North Clyde Line | | Garrowhill |
| | Historical railways | Historical railways | Historical railways | |
| Bargeddie (NBR) Line open; Station closed | | Coatbridge Branch North British Railway | | Garrowhill Line and Station open |