OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Stuart McKinstry

Stuart Adamson McKinstry (born 18 September 2002) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a winger for Scottish Championship club Hamilton Academical.
Born in Wishaw, McKinstry is a product of Motherwell's academy. He moved to Leeds United in the summer of 2019, making his senior debut in 2021. In 2022 he returned to his boyhood club Motherwell on a one year loan.

## Club career
### Motherwell

Born in Wishaw, McKinstry supported Motherwell as a child, with both of his parents being Motherwell fans. He joined Motherwell's academy aged 10, and progressed to the first-team, appearing in the matchday squad as an unused substitute for a 1–0 defeat to Kilmarnock on 26 December 2018.

### Leeds United

McKinstry joined Leeds United's academy in summer 2019, and signed a professional contract with the club in September 2019, with the contract valid until 2022. In August 2020, he signed a new contract with the club, valid until summer of 2023. He made his first-team debut as a substitute in a 0–0 EFL Cup draw with Fulham on 21 September 2021, with McKinstry scoring the winning penalty as Leeds won the penalty shoot-out 6–5. McKinstry made his Premier League debut for Leeds on 21 November 2021 as a second-half substitute in the 2–1 defeat to Tottenham Hotspur. On 13 June 2023, Leeds United announced that McKinstry's contract would not be extended at the end of the 2022-23 season.

#### Motherwell loan

On 17 August 2022, Motherwell announced the return of McKinstry to the club, on a season-long loan deal from Leeds United. McKinstry scored goals in consecutive games against Rangers and Aberdeen respectively. McKinstry scored his third goal for the club coming off the bench against Hibs and also scored a fourth Motherwell goal against Ross County.

### Queen's Park

On 3 October 2023, McKinstry joined Scottish Championship club Queen's Park on a contract until the end of the season.

### Hamilton Academical

On 28 October 2024, McKinstry joined Scottish Championship side Hamilton Academical.

## International career

McKinstry has represented Scotland internationally at the under-17 level.

## Style of play

McKinstry plays as a winger.

## Career statistics

    As of end of 2022–23 season
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Leeds United | 2021–22 | Premier League | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 2 | 0 |
| Leeds United | 2022–23 | Premier League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 0 | 0 |
| Leeds United | Total | Total | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Motherwell (loan) | 2022–23 | Scottish Premiership | 21 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 25 | 4 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 22 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 27 | 4 |
# John S. Fossey

John S. Fossey was a British chemist. He was a professor of synthetic chemistry at the University of Birmingham in the United Kingdom, and a visiting professor at Henan Normal University and guest professor at East China University of Science and Technology, both in China. His research was in molecular recognition and catalysis, and he was a user of boronic acid derivatives. He was a former industry fellow of the Royal Society.

## Education

Fossey received his four-year MChem from Cardiff University in 2000 and was awarded a PhD from Queen Mary University of London in January 2004.

## Research and career

Fossey’s research looks at synthetic chemistry to develop new therapies for tuberculosis and diabetes. This work on diabetes involves an alternative drug delivery for type 1 diabetes management. This research is in collaboration with the Chinese Academy of Sciences research institute Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedical Health (GIBH)., to develop new drugs that could help tackle global epidemics. Specifically, Fossey is developing a ‘smart insulin’, a gel that dissolves in the presence of glucose, as an alternative to insulin injection. The idea is that the smart insulin, as a smart drug delivery, can be administered perhaps once a week and will deliver insulin as and only when glucose levels are raised.
He was on the advisory board of two Royal Society of Chemistry journals, Organic Chemistry Frontiers and Catalysis Science & Technology, and the editorial board of the Chemistry Central Journal. He was a co-editor of Boron: Sensing, Synthesis and Supramolecular Self-Assembly.

## Recognition

Fossey received a Japan Society for the Promotion of Science postdoctoral fellowship in 2004, and its Bridge Fellowship in 2010; he is chair of the alumni executive committee of the society in the UK and Republic of Ireland. He is also the international student tutor and international representative for the school of chemistry in the University of Birmingham.
He has received funding from the JDRF, CRUK, Leverhulme Trust, the EPSRC, the Royal Society, the Sasakawa Foundation, and the National Natural Science Foundation China. He was a member of a team headed by Tony D. James which received the Daiwa Adrian Prize in 2013 for research into 'chemonostics'. In 2016, he received the Czarnik Emerging Investigator Award for work on catalysis and sensing.
He was awarded the CRUK Pioneer Award in 2018 to support his research in establishing early detection potential from single molecule chemosensors. He is the principal investigator of a JDRF project focused on translating boronic acid-mediated recognition to smart drug delivery for diabetes.
# Bolshoye Krasnovo

Bolshoye Krasnovo (Russian: Большое Красново) is a rural locality (a village) in Yaganovskoye Rural Settlement, Cherepovetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 14 as of 2002.

## Geography

Bolshoye Krasnovo is located 47 km (29 mi) northeast of Cherepovets (the district's administrative centre) by road. Karelskaya Mushnya is the nearest rural locality.
# Aliguay

Aliguay is an island in the Philippines, and a barangay of Dapitan. The island is an established marine sanctuary. The island is surrounded by white sand beaches and coral reefs. There are no water sources on the island. A few residents live on Aliguay Island, mostly selling fish to tourists.

## 2015 Kidnapping and Beheading

More than 10 armed men abducted at dawn Monday, May 4, 2015. Rodolfo Buligao, Aliguay's Barangay Captain at the time, and two members of the Philippine Coast Guard were kidnapped by the Abu Sayyaf. The suspects turned to these 3 men after failing to see foreign tourists in what could have been a plan for kidnapping-for-ransom. The military found a beheaded body of a man believed to be Buligao. It was spotted along an intersection in Barangay Laum Maimbung, Maimbung town, Province of Sulu.
# Nana Masango

Nana Eneria Masango (born 24 March 1949) is a retired South African politician who represented the National Party (NP) in the National Assembly during the first democratic Parliament. She was elected in the 1994 general election, though she resigned from her seat before the end of the legislative term. A black woman, she featured prominently in the NP's election campaign in 1994.
In the next general election in 1999, she stood for election to the Gauteng Provincial Legislature, standing as a candidate for the NP's successor party, the New National Party. She was ranked too low on the party list to secure a seat.
# Munyadziwa Netshimbupfe

Munyadziwa Alpheus Netshimbupfe (8 September 1951 – 17 June 2013) was a South African politician, lawyer, and Venda traditional leader. He represented the African National Congress in the National Assembly from 1994 to 1999, and he was the chief (khosi) of Tshimbupfe in Limpopo from 1991 until his death in 2013.

## Life and career

Netshimbupfe was born on 8 September 1951. He was a lawyer and magistrate by profession, practicing in the former Northern Transvaal. In addition, he was installed as chief (khosi) of Tshimbupfe, a lifetime appointment, on 20 December 1991. During South Africa's democratic transition, he attended the Multi-Party Negotiating Forum on constitutional reform as part of the delegation of the Transvaal Traditional Leaders group.
In the 1994 general election, South Africa's first under universal suffrage, Netshimbupfe was elected to represent the African National Congress in the new National Assembly. He served a single term in Parliament, leaving after the 1999 general election, and afterwards worked as a senior prosecutor in Mopani until 2001. He also served for a period as Deputy Chairperson of the Limpopo House of Traditional Leaders.

## Personal life and death

Netshimbupfe was married and had seven children. He died on 17 June 2013 at a private hospital in Gauteng, following a brief illness. His death inaugurated a dispute among his family about who would succeed him as leader of the Tshimbupfe Tribal Authority; the dispute was resolved in 2022.
# Desmond Padiachey

Desmond Kanaprekancen Padiachey (born 31 July 1959) is a South African politician who represented the National Party (NP) and one of the main members of the New National Party (NNP) in the National Assembly from 1994 to 1999. He was then offered a new position in the United Democratic Movement (UDM) in early 2004 ahead of that year's general election.

## Legislative career

Padiachey was born on 31 July 1959. He represented the NP in the National Assembly, the lower house of the South African Parliament, from 1994 to 1999 during the first post-apartheid Parliament. In the next general election in 1999, he stood for re-election under the banner of the NNP, the NP's successor party, but was not elected; he nonetheless remained on the party list for promotion to a parliamentary seat in the event of a casual vacancy.
Ahead of the 2004 general election, Padiachey defected to the UDM. The NNP said that he did so after being dissatisfied with his low ranking on the NNP's party list. Although he was subsequently listed as a UDM candidate in the election, he also pursued an abortive legal challenge to the NNP's party list; he withdrew the challenge in March 2004, with the NNP accusing him of ulterior political motives. Padiachey was one of the UDM's top twelve candidates in the 2004 election, but the party did not win sufficient seats to secure his return to Parliament.
# Burford Sampson

Burford Sampson DSO (30 March 1882 – 5 June 1959) was an Australian politician and soldier. Born in Launceston, Tasmania, he was educated at Launceston Grammar School before serving in the military 1899–1901, during the Second Boer War. He remained in Africa, serving with the Rhodesian Mountain Police and farming in South Africa. He returned to Tasmania in 1907 as a farmer. He served in World War I (1914–1918) and was at the landing at Gallipoli, before serving on the Western Front and briefly commanding the 15th Battalion during their final battle around Jeancourt in September 1918. After the war, he became a manager in Launceston. In 1925, he was elected to the Australian Senate as a Nationalist Senator for Tasmania. Sampson served as Chairman of Committees from 1935 to 1938. He was defeated at the 1937 federal election (his term finishing in June 1938), but was re-elected in 1940. He was defeated again in 1946 as a Liberal.
Sampson died in 1959, aged 77.
# Lúcio Bala (footballer, born 1955)

Lúcio Alves Pompeu de Campos (born 2 October 1955), better known as Lúcio Bala, is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a right winger.

## Career

Lúcio played for the children's category of Independente de Várzea Grande, was observed by CE Dom Bosco and invited to the club's professional team. In 1974, due to Dom Bosco's financial problems, he was loaned to Palmeiras EC, a time when he almost abandoned football to work as a taxi driver. Therefore, he ended up being traded to AA Ponte Preta for a low fee, a club where he adapted quickly and became one of the most loved players by the fans. In 1980, his pass was sold to SE Palmeiras, team where little produced. He returned to Campinas, this time at Guarani, and was elected Silver Ball of the Brazilian championship in 1982. He also had a spell at Flamengo where he played 34 games and scored one goal.

## Honours
### Dom Bosco

* Campeonato Mato-Grossense: 1971

### Guarani

* Campeonato Brasileiro Série B: 1981

### Operário-MT

* Campeonato Mato-Grossense: 1985

### Individual

* 1982 Bola de Prata
# Matevos Asatryan

Matevos Asatryan (Armenian: Մաթևոս Ասատրյան; 2 December 1985 – 6 November 2023) was an Armenian politician who served as a member of the National Assembly from 2019 until his death in 2023. He was a member of Civil Contract and, in the National Assembly, the Standing Committee on Territorial Administration, Local Self-Government, Agriculture and Environment.

## Biography

Matevos Asatryan was born in 1985 in Kuchak village of Aparan region of Soviet Armenia. From 2003 to 2005, he served in the Armed Forces of Armenia. In 2008, he graduated from the Faculty of Law of the Northern University of Yerevan. From 2012 to 14 January 2019, he managed the Kuchaki Mihrdat Asatryan Children's and Youth Sports School. In 2014 and 2017, he trained in the European teams "Lud Club de Nice", "Kavi Gal" and other sports schools.

## Political career

In the 2018 parliamentary election, Asatryan was elected a deputy of the 7th convocation of the National Assembly, representing My Step Alliance in constituency No. 7. He was a member of the "Permanent Committee on Territorial Management, Local Self-Government, Agriculture and Environmental Protection" in the National Assembly. In the 2021 election, he was elected a deputy of the 8th convocation of the National Assembly, this time representing Civil Contract.

### Political reprisals by relatives

On 19 June 2022, around 7:40 p.m., in Nigavan, relatives and friends of Asatryan, the cousin of Aragatsotn deputy governor Edgar Parvanyan, opened fire on a group of young people with Kalashnikov assault rifles. This resulted in seven young people being taken to the hospital with gunshot wounds. According to some information, the brother of Matevos Asatryan, the head of the Aparan water use company, Grzo Asatryan, also personally participated in the incident. Some time after the incident, the number of those killed reached two. According to information circulating in the media, the reason for the attack with assault rifles was that the youth cursed Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan during an argument.
A few hours after the incident, the Armenian police issued a statement stating that the incident had no political context and that a shot was fired from a hunting rifle. Asatryan also referred to the incident on his Facebook page.

## Personal life and death

Asatryan, who was married with three children, died suddenly on 6 November 2023. He was 38.
# Pierre Poulingue

Pierre Poulingue (12 May 1933 – 21 July 2017) was a French racing cyclist. He rode in the 1957 Tour de France. Poulingue died in Bois-Guillaume on 21 July 2017, at the age of 84.
# G with hook

G with hook (majuscule: Ɠ, minuscule: ɠ) is a letter of the extended Latin alphabet. In the International Phonetic Alphabet, its small caps form (U+029B ʛ LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL G WITH HOOK) represents the voiced uvular implosive and its lowercase form represents the voiced velar implosive. Because it occurs in the orthographies of some African languages, including some unofficial orthographies of Fula, it is included in the African reference alphabet.

## Unicode

In Unicode, the majuscule Ɠ is encoded in the Latin Extended-B block at U+0193 Ɠ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH HOOK and the minuscule ɠ is encoded at U+0260 ɠ LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH HOOK.
# Town Green railway station

Town Green railway station is a railway station in Town Green, Aughton, Lancashire, England, situated on the Ormskirk branch of Merseyrail's Northern Line.

## Location

It is located at the junction of Town Green Lane and Middlewood Road with pedestrian and vehicular access from Middlewood Road. The booking hall opens onto the south bound platform and the Aughton police station now occupies rooms opening off the booking hall.

## Facilities

The station is staffed throughout the day, with the ticket office open from start of service until 00:20. There is a waiting room in the main building and a shelter on the opposite side, with a footbridge linking them. Digital display screens, timetable posters and automatic announcements are used to convey train running information. There is step-free access to both platforms.

## Services

Trains operate every 15 minutes (Monday to Saturday daytime) between Ormskirk and Liverpool Central, and every 30 minutes in the evening and all day Sunday.

## History

Town Green station was regularly used as an overnight base for the royal trains when the royal family were visiting Knowsley Hall, the home of Lord Derby, or attending the Grand National race meeting at Aintree. see Royal Trains List (p19/204) . To the Liverpool end of Town Green station on the Ormskirk bound side and behind the signal box there used to be a small loop line with a very low white painted station which was the platform used by the train. This now forms the car park of the Aughton Institute.
The signal box (erected by British Railways in 1949 to replace an earlier Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway structure dating from 1875) was closed and demolished when the line was resignalled in February 1994. From October 1970 until its demise, it remotely operated the points and signalling at Ormskirk as well as at this station.

## Gallery

* A Merseyrail Class 507 waits at the Ormskirk-bound platform.
* A Merseyrail Class 507 waits at the Liverpool-bound platform.
* The station as viewed from the roadside drop-off point.
* Aughton police station, on the Liverpool-bound platform.
# 2,6-Xylidine

2,6-Xylidine is an organic compound with the formula C$_6$H$_3$(CH$_3$)$_2$NH$_2$. It is one of several isomeric xylidines. It is a colorless viscous liquid. Commercially significant derivatives are the anesthetics lidocaine, bupivacaine, mepivacaine, and etidocaine.

## Production, occurrence, reactions

Many xylidines are prepared by nitration of a xylene followed by hydrogenation of the nitroaromatic, but this approach is not efficient for this isomer. Instead, it is prepared from by treatment of the related xylenol with ammonia in the presence of oxide catalysts.
2,6-Xylidine is also a major metabolite of the drug xylazine in both horses, and humans.
2,6-Xylidine is the precursor to the NHC ligand called Xyl.

## Uses

2,6-Xylidine is a precursor to the fungicide metalaxyl and the herbicide metazachlor [de].
# Bocheyno

Bocheyno (Russian: Бочейно) is a rural locality (a village) in Korotovskoye Rural Settlement, Cherepovetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 6 as of 2002. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Bocheyno is located 54 km (34 mi) southwest of Cherepovets (the district's administrative centre) by road. Gorka is the nearest rural locality.
# Kierin O'Malley

Patrick Kierin Robert O'Malley (born 12 March 1963) is a South African lawyer, academic, and politician who represented the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) in the National Assembly from 1996 to 1999. He defected to the Federal Alliance in early 1999.

## Life and career

Born on 12 March 1963, O'Malley completed an LLB at the University of Stellenbosch in 1985 and an Honours degree in politics from the University of Cape Town in 1986. After a stint as an articled clerk in Cape Town, he joined the department of political science at the University of South Africa. According to the IFP, he joined the party shortly before the 1994 general election and was employed as an IFP researcher for the next two years.
In 1996, O'Malley was sworn in to the National Assembly, filling a casual vacancy in the IFP caucus. In early 1999, he resigned from the IFP and therefore from his parliamentary seat because of his opposition to the IFP's increasingly accommodating stance towards the governing African National Congress. In his response to media reports about O'Malley's resignation, IFP leader Mangosuthu Buthelezi said:
   ...this is a political non-event. Advocate O'Malley was by all accounts the most junior member of our parliamentary delegation... Therefore, it is preposterous that some newspapers styled him as a 'senior member' of our parliamentary delegation. It is not true that he any significant role in the shaping of our policies, all of which predated his joining our Party.
After leaving the IFP, O'Malley joined the Federal Alliance, which nominated him to stand for election to the Western Cape Provincial Legislature in the 1999 general election. He was not elected.
# Gayane Abrahamyan

Gayane Abrahamyan (born 2 July 1979) is an Armenian politician and journalist who served in the National Assembly.

## Early life

Gayane Abrahamyan was born on 2 July 1979. She graduated from the Yerevan State Academy of Fine Arts in 2007, and from the International Center for Journalists in 2009.

## Career
### Journalism

From 1997 to 2001, Abrahamyan served as the coordinator of the Little Singers of Armenia. She worked as a journalist for Armenia Now and Armenian International Magazine, as an Armenian correspondent for International Eurasianet, and as a correspondent with The Guardian and One Magazine.

### Politics

On 9 December 2018, she was elected as a member of the National Assembly as a member of the My Step Alliance. During her tenure in the National Assembly she served on the Standing Committee on European Integration committee. She also served as the head of Armenia's delegation to the Euronest Parliamentary Assembly after Mkhitar Hayrapetyan stepped down as head of the delegation and as co-president of the organization. Abrahamyan resigned on September 25, 2020.
# Nivan Rural District

Nivan Rural District (Persian: دهستان نيوان) is in the Central District of Golpayegan County, Isfahan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Nivan-e Nar.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 5,358 in 1,722 households. There were 5,309 inhabitants in 1,744 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 4,835 in 1,664 households. The most populous of its 24 villages was Nivan-e Nar, with 1,010 people.
# Raymond Arvidson

Raymond E. Arvidson is the James S. McDonnell Distinguished Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis. He is known for his contributions to NASA missions to Mars, including as deputy director of the Mars Exploration Rovers.

## Education and career

Arvidson attended Williamstown High School in Williamstown, New Jersey, graduating in 1965. He earned a bachelor's degree in geology from Temple University in 1969, as well as his M.S. in 1971 and Ph.D. in 1975 from Brown University under the supervision of Thomas Mutch. He was the first person in his family to graduate from high school.
Arvidson became an assistant professor at Washington University in St. Louis in 1974 and received promotions to full professor in 1984 and to McDonnell Distinguished Professor in 1998. He has served as chair of the Earth and Planetary Sciences Department. Arvidson "has been instrumental in developing and implementing both orbital and landed missions to the planets." He has received four NASA Public Service Medals and the Whipple Award of the American Geophysical Union. He is a fellow of the Geological Society of America and the American Geophysical Union.
Minor planet 397278 is named after Arvidson.

## Teaching and mentoring

Arvidson has received a number of teaching and advising awards, including Advisor of the Year, Student Union Professor of the Year, and the Outstanding Graduate Faculty Member Award from Washington University, as well as the Missouri Governor's Award for Excellence in Teaching. He directed the Pathfinder Program in Environmental Sustainability at Washington University, which had many notable alumni.