OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vroom–Yetton decision model

The Vroom–Yetton contingency model is a situational leadership theory of industrial and organizational psychology developed by Victor Vroom, in collaboration with Philip Yetton (1973) and later with Arthur Jago (1988). The situational theory argues the best style of leadership is contingent to the situation. This model suggests the selection of a leadership style of groups decision-making.
The Vroom-Yetton-Jago Normative Decision Model helps to answer above questions. This model identifies five different styles (ranging from autocratic to consultative to group-based decisions) on the situation and level of involvement. They are:

## Autocratic Type 1 (AI)

    Leader makes own decision using information that is readily available to him or her at the time. This type is completely autocratic.

## Autocratic Type 2 (AII)

    Leader collects required information from followers, then makes decision alone. Problem or decision may or may not be informed to followers. Here, followers' involvement is just providing information.

## Consultative Type 1 (CI)

    Leader shares problem to relevant followers individually and seeks their ideas and suggestions and makes decision alone. Here followers do not meet each other and the leader’s decision may or may not reflect his followers' influence. So, here followers' involvement is at the level of providing alternatives individually.

## Consultative Type 2 (CII)

    Leader shares problem to relevant followers as a group and seeks their ideas and suggestions and makes decision alone. Here followers meet each other, and through discussions they understand other alternatives. But the leader’s decision may or may not reflect the followers' influence. So, here followers involvement is at the level of helping as a group in decision-making.

## Group-based Type 2 (GII)

    Leader discuss problem and situation with followers as a group and seeks their ideas and suggestions through brainstorming. Leader accepts any decision and does not try to force his or her idea. Decision accepted by the group is the final one.
Vroom and Yetton formulated following seven questions on decision quality, commitment, problem information and decision acceptance, with which leaders can determine level of followers involvement in decision. Answer to the following questions must be either ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ with the current scenario:
* Is there a quality requirement? Is the nature of the solution critical? Are there technical or rational grounds for selecting among possible solutions?
* Do I have sufficient information to make a high quality decision?
* Is the problem structured? Are the alternative courses of action and methods for their evaluation known?
* Is acceptance of the decision by subordinates critical to its implementation?
* If I were to make the decision by myself, is it reasonably certain that it would be accepted by my subordinates?
* Do subordinates share the organizational goals to be obtained in solving this problem?
* Is conflict among subordinates likely in obtaining the preferred solution?
Based on the answers one can find out the styles from the graph.
# Ripley Town F.C.

Ripley Town Football Club is a football club in Ripley, Derbyshire, England. They are currently members of the Alfreton & District Sunday League and play at the Nottingham Road Playing Fields.

## History

The club were founder members of the Derbyshire Senior League in 1890. They left the league in 1893, but returned a year later, before leaving again at the end of the 1896–97 season. They subsequently played in the Mid-Derbyshire League, which became the Derbyshire Alliance in 1907 and merged with the Notts & District League in 1908 to form the Notts & Derbyshire League, with Belper as founder members.
At the end of the 1908–09 season the club merged with Ripley Athletic to form Ripley Town & Athletic. They were champions in 1910–11, the final season of the league. In 1912 the club joined the Central Alliance, but left after a single season to rejoin the Derbyshire Senior League. By the mid-1920s the club had reverted to the name Ripley Town. In 1933 they were founder members of the Central Combination, going on to finish as runners-up in 1935–36 and 1936–37.
By the mid-1960s the club were known as Ripley Miners Welfare. They joined Division One of the East Midlands Regional League. after finishing as runners-up in Division One in 1969–70, the club were promoted to the Premier Division. They were Premier Division champions in 1972–73, before being renamed Ripley Town in 1975. In 1977 the club joined Division One of the Midland League. However, after finishing bottom of the table in 1978–79, they resigned from the league. The club subsequently joined the Midlands Regional Alliance, winning Division One in 1986–87.
A new Ripley Town was formed in 1999 when Butterley Brick and Ripley Town Colts merged. They joined the Premier Division of the Central Midlands League, playing in the division until a fourth-place finish in 2001–02 saw them promoted to the Supreme Division. Despite finishing in the top half of the Premier Division table in 2002–03, the club folded after losing their Brickworks ground.
Another Ripley Town subsequently emerged, again playing in the Midlands Regional Alliance. They were Division One runners-up in 2006–07, earning promotion to the Premier Division. However, despite finishing in mid-table in the Premier Division in 2008–09, the club were relegated back to Division One. They remained in Division One until withdrawing during the 2016–17 season.
In 2019 they joined Division One South of the Central Midlands League, in which they played for three seasons. They now play in the Alfreton and District Sunday League.

## Ground

The club played at several grounds in its early history, including Nuttals Park, Radford fields and Nottingham Road. They currently play at the Nottingham Road Playing Fields, which is shared with Butterley United Cricket Club.

## Honours

* Notts & Derbyshire League
** Champions 1911–12
* East Midlands Regional League
** Premier Division champions 1972–73
* Midland Regional Alliance
** Division One champions 1986–87
# Elena Tejada-Herrera

Elena Tejada-Herrera is a trans-disciplinary artist who was born in Lima, Peru and became known for her work in performance and multidisciplinary arts. Her work promotes the participation of the public.

## Performance

Elena Tejada-Herrera began her artistic education in the mid-1990s, initially studying painting at the Arts Department at Pontificia Universidad del Peru, but attained public attention in a controversial way.

## Work

Elena Tejada-Herrera became known as a painter but got great attention because of her performance artwork. In 1999 Tejada-Herrera presented her video performance Bomba and the Bataclana in the Belly Dance in which the artist appeared as a cabaret dancer along with street sellers that she hired to perform with her. This piece dealt with the body, gender constructions, and incorporated the participation of the public. The artist was awarded the first prize in the art contest Passport for an Artist for this artwork.
From 2002 to 2006, while living in Virginia, Tejada-Herrera focused each time more on pieces that incorporated the participation of the public, like the series Paper Animals, Holding the House Together, One Day Around The Neighborhood Choreographing My Dance. For this piece Tejada-Herrera asked strangers on stores, and in her neighborhood, to teach her how to dance and to choreograph her. Simultaneously she carried on landscape interventions on highways that addressed the drivers as her audience. Other pieces were performances interventions in malls and different public spaces

## Collections

Her work is part of the collection of the Museo de Arte de Lima in Peru.
# Hunter Engineering Co v Syncrude Canada Ltd

Hunter Engineering Co v Syncrude Canada Ltd, [1989] 1 S.C.R. 426 is a leading commercial contract decision of the Supreme Court of Canada. The Court unanimously found that the companies that sold Syncrude faulty gear boxes were not liable for their poor design, however, the Court was divided on the test to determine when a fundamental breach could void a contract.
The Court held that the limitation of liability clause was enforceable even in the case of a fundamental breach so long as it was clear in the language that it was within the intentions of the parties.

## Background

Syncrude Canada Ltd. contracted with Hunter Engineering and Allis-Chalmers to design gear boxes. Due to design flaws, the boxes were not usable for their intended purpose. Syncrude spent over $1 million to repair the boxes. Hunter sought protection under a limitation of liability clause within the contract.

## Judgment of the Court

There were three separate reasons given.
Chief Justice Dickson, with La Forest J., found that the limitation clause was valid. He argued that the doctrine of fundamental breach is not appropriate. Instead, the issue should only be dealt with as a matter of contractual unconscionability such as where parties have unequal bargaining power.
Justice Wilson, with Justice L'Heureux-Dube, argued that the limitation clause could be invalidated in certain circumstances. Wilson proposed that a contract could be struck out for fundamental breach where the conduct of one party deprives the other party of "substantially the whole benefit" of the contract.
Justice McIntyre, writing briefly for himself alone, agreed with Wilson on a number of findings based on the facts, but refused to deal with the issue of fundamental breach.
# Frik van Deventer

Frederik Johannes "Frik" van Deventer (born 10 November 1944) is a retired South African politician who served in the National Assembly from 1994 to 2004. He represented the National Party (NP) and New National Party (NNP) until March 2003, when he crossed the floor to the Democratic Alliance (DA). He had been an organiser for the NP since the apartheid era and was a former deputy leader of the NNP in the Western Cape.

## Political career

In the 1980s, while P. W. Botha was NP leader, van Deventer served as a party organiser for the NP in the Cape Province.
In South Africa's first post-apartheid elections in 1994, he was elected to an NP seat in the new National Assembly. He served two terms in the seat, gaining re-election (under the NNP banner) in 1999; he represented the Western Cape constituency. He also served as the third deputy leader of the NNP in the Western Cape, deputising Gerald Morkel, until September 2000, when he declined to seek re-election.
Near the end of his second term, in March 2003, van Deventer resigned from the NNP and joined the DA during that month's floor-crossing window. His defection was viewed as surprising. He defected alongside several other NNP politicians, including Wilhelm le Roux and Maans Nel, and the NNP said in a statement that they had defected because "the DA now represents the rightwing in the country, and these people are old era apartheid stalwarts not in touch with new South Africa".
Van Deventer was expected to retire in 2004. He was nonetheless included on the DA's party list in the 2004 general election, but he was ranked too low to secure re-election to his seat.
# Ampelus (Crete)

Ampelus (Latin) or Ampelos (Ancient Greek: Ἄμπελος, lit. "Vine") was a town in the southeast extremity of ancient Crete, on a cape of the same name.
Its site is tentatively located near Farmakokefalo.
# Worshipful Company of Fan Makers

The Worshipful Company of Fan Makers is one of the Livery Companies of the City of London. The company was incorporated by a Royal Charter in 1709, and it was granted livery by the Court of Aldermen in 1809. As fan making is now done by machines rather than by craftsmen, the company is no longer a trade association for fan makers. Instead, the Company functions as a charitable establishment.
The Fan Makers' Company ranks seventy-sixth in the order of precedence for Livery Companies. Its motto is Arts and Trade United.
Coat of arms of Worshipful Company of Fan Makers :
* Crest(Upon a helm with a wreath Or and Gules) a dexter hand couped below the wrist Proper holding a fan displayed Gold.
* EscutcheonOr a fan displayed with a mount of various devices and colours the sticks Gules on a chief per pale Gules and Azure dexter a shaving iron over a bundle of fan sticks tied together Or and sinister a framed saw in pale Gold.
# Baddega I

Baddega (r. c. 850–895 CE), who assumed the title Solada-gaṇḍa, was an Indian ruler from the Vemulavada Chalukya dynasty. He was a vassal of the Rashtrakuta Emperor Krishna II, and participated in Krishna's unsuccessful invasions of the Vengi Chalukya kingdom.

## Reign

Baddega was a son of his predecessor Yuddhamalla II, and served as a vassal of the Rashtrakuta Emperor Krishna II. He is said to have fought 42 battles, and acquired the title Solada-gaṇḍa ("the unvanquished hero").
The Vemulavada Chalukyas were old rivals of the Vengi Chalukyas, and had participated in Rashtrakuta campaigns against them. The Vengi Chalukya ruler Gunaga Vijayaditya III inflicted a humiliating defeat on Krishna. According to the Vengi Chalukya inscriptions, Vijayaditya captured Baddega, and offered him protection.
After Vijayaditya's death in 892, the succession of the next king Bhima I was contested by some rebels. Taking advantage of this, Krishna invaded Vengi once again, and captured the frontier region administered by the Ranamardadaka family. However, he was forced to retreat by the Vengi general Kusuma-yudha. This is attested by the Kuravi (or Koravi) inscription of Kusuma-yudha's subordinate Peddana. Krishna appears to have launched another invasion of Vengi, as attested by Bhima's Vedataluru grant inscription. This time, the Rashtrakuta army led by Gundyana penetrated deeper into the Vengi Chalukya kingdom, before being forced to retreat.
Baddega appears to have participated in both of Krishna's campaigns against Bhima. According to his family's Parbhani inscription and the court poet Pampa, he captured Bhima as if "he seized a crocodile in water." The simile suggests that Baddega captured Bhima in his natural environment, that is, within the Vengi kingdom, possibly in the capital. Therefore, this event probably happened during the second Rashtrakuta invasion of Vengi, when the invaders penetrated deeper into the kingdom. Bhima appears to have escaped the captivity in a short time, and continued to rule Vengi. His son Iramarti Ganda defeated the Rashtrakuta forces at Peruvanguru and Niravadyapura. Both Iramarti and the Rashtrakuta general Gundyana were killed in this war.
Nothing is known about Bhima's other military achievements. He appears to have died around 895, and was succeeded by his son Yuddhamalla III.

## Cultural contributions

An inscription of Baddega's descendant Arisimha II mentions the Baddegeshvara ("Ishvara of Baddega") temple; the name suggests that it was built by Baddega. This temple is identified with the modern Bheemeshvara temple at Vemulavada.
# Shamsheer Vayalil

Shamsheer Vayalil Parambath (born 11 January 1977) is an Indian radiologist and businessman. He is the founder and chairman of Burjeel Holdings. Through VPS Healthcare, his family office, he oversees an extensive investment portfolio including Burjeel Holdings, RPM, LifePharma, Lakeshore Hospital, Ziva, Keita, and Educare Institute. As of April 2023, Vayalil has a net worth of US$2.4 billion.

## Early life

Vayalil was born on 11 January 1977 in Kozhikode, Kerala, India. His parents are Hashim Pokkinari and Mariyam Barakkool.
After his schooling, he pursued a MBBS at Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, then obtained his MD in radiology from Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai.

## Career

Vayalil was a radiologist for 12 months at Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, UAE. In 2007, he opened his first hospital – LLH Hospital in Abu Dhabi. Over the next twelve years, his company VPS Healthcare started 20 hospitals in three countries and now has over 23 medical centres and about 13,000 employees in the Middle East and Vayalil is a member of the UAE Medical Council. He was a member of the advisory committee of the University of Sharjah College of Medicine. He is on the board of directors of Kannur International Airport Ltd.

## Philanthropy

Vayalil contributed AED 5 million to the Emirates Red Crescent to join global relief efforts in supporting those affected by the devastating earthquakes that hit Turkey and Syria in 2023.

## Non-resident Indian voting rights

In April 2014, Vayalil filed a petition in the Supreme Court of India in connection with non-resident Indian (NRI) voting rights. Currently, voters have to travel to their constituency to vote. The Court directed the Election Commission of India to explore the possibility for NRIs to cast their vote from their place of residence. In October 2014, the commission submitted its report to the Court, recommending that NRIs be permitted to vote by proxy and e-postal ballot. On 9 August 2018, the Representation of the People (Amendment) Bill 2017, enabling the facility of proxy voting to overseas Indians, was passed by the Lok Sabha, and was awaiting introduction in the upper house of the Indian Parliament, the Rajya Sabha.

## Awards and accolades

* 2014 – Pravasi Bharatiya Samman for his role in developing a healthcare business in the United Arab Emirates and for promoting UAE-India ties
* 2014 – Received an honorary Doctorate (D.Litt. & DSE Honors Degree) from Aligarh Muslim University

## Personal life

Vayalil is married to Shabeena, the eldest daughter of fellow billionaire M. A. Yusuff Ali. They have four children.
# Mahamaya Rajkiya Allopathic Medical College

Mahamaya Rajkiya Allopathic Medical College or Mahamaya Government Allopathic Medical College, generally known as Mahamaya Medical College, is one of the state run medical colleges with multispeciality hospitals in Akbarpur, Ambedkar Nagar. The institution, as a mega project, was built within the constituency of Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Mayawati, at an expenditure of more than ₹400 crore. This institute has been established under the special component action plan.

## Location

Mahamaya Allopathic Medical College is situated on SH5 between Tanda and Akbarpur.

## Namesake

The institution is named after Queen Maha Maya, the mother of Gautama Buddha.
# Hayat-e-No

Hayat-e-No (Persian: حیات نو, lit. 'New Life') was a reformist newspaper published in Tehran, Iran. The paper was in circulation from 2000 to December 2009 when it was closed by the Iranian authorities.

## History and profile

Hayat-e-No was established in 2000 in Tehran following the closure of another reformist paper, Azad. The publisher of Hayat-e-No was Hadi Khamenei, brother of the Supreme Leader of Iran Ali Khamenei. Hameed Qazwini was the editor-in-chief of the paper. When Bahar, a reformist daily, was banned in August 2000 Hayat-e-No became one of the most significant media outlets for the reformist groups in the country. During this period Hayat-e-No sold 300,000 copies.
In June 2005, before the presidential election, the paper along with other reformist papers, including Aftab Yazd and Eqbal, published the letter of presidential candidate Mahdi Karroubi to Ali Khamenei. Upon this publication the papers were banned for one day by Tehran Public and Revolutionary Court.
Hayat-e-No supported Mir Hossein Mousavi in the 2009 presidential elections held in June. In the immediate aftermath of the elections the paper was censored by the Iranian government. In December 2009 the license of the paper was revoked by the Press Supervisory Board "for working outside the regulations" and on 7 December it was closed down.
Hayat-e-No and four other publications, namely Etemad Melli, Sarmaye, Arman and Farhang-e Ashti, were all close to the Green Movement and shut down by the Media Supervisory Board in the same period.
# Solo (2011 film)

Solo is a 2011 Telugu-language romantic family drama film written and directed by Parasuram. The film features Nara Rohit and Nisha Agarwal in the lead roles. The film featured music by Mani Sharma. It was remade in Oriya as Haata Dhari Chaaluthaa with Anubhav Mohanty and Varsha Priyadarshini.

## Cast

* Nara Rohit as Gautham
* Nisha Aggarwal as Vaishnavi
* Prakash Raj as Raghupathi Naidu, Vaishnavi's father
* Sayaji Shinde as Vishwanath, Ravi's father
* Jayasudha as Vaishnavi's aunt
* Ali as James Cameron
* Srinivasa Reddy as Gautham's friend
* Rao Ramesh as Gautham's foster uncle cum boss
* M.S. Narayana as Dharma
* Sree Vishnu as Vishnu, Gautham's friend
* Ravi Prakash as Ravi, Vaishnavi's would-be
* Swapnika as Vaishnavi's friend
* Pavitra Lokesh as Vaishnavi's mother
* Praveen
* Gundu Sudarshan
* Ranganath
* Fish Venkat
* Mumaith Khan

## Soundtrack

The music for the movie was composed by Mani Sharma. The audio was released in Hyderabad on 22 October 2011 by Chandrababu Naidu and was released on Aditya Music.

## Release
### Reception

Jeevi of Idlebrain.com rated the film 3/5 and wrote that "On a whole, Solo is a genuine attempt by the director and makes a decent watch if you ignore the lag in second half".

### Satellite rights

The satellite rights of the film were acquired by MAA TV for ₹ 8.75 crore. The film opened to mixed reviews and became an average grosser at box-office.

### Other versions

The film was dubbed and released in Tamil during July 2014 as En Kathalukku Naane Villain.
# Barrington baronets of Limerick (1831)

The Barrington baronetcy, of the City of Limerick, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 30 September 1831, for Joseph Barrington. His grandson the 3rd Baronet died childless in 1872, and was succeeded by his younger brother. Since the latter's grandson, the 6th Baronet, had only two daughters, the next baronet was his younger brother. The 7th Baronet died unmarried. As of 2014, the title is held by his kinsman, the 8th Baronet, who succeeded in 2003.
The family seat was Glenstal Abbey, near Murroe, County Limerick. They sold Glenstal and left Ireland in the 1920s, a move largely prompted by the killing of Winifred Barrington, the 5th Baronet's daughter, in an ambush during the Irish War of Independence.
As of 2024, the baronetage is marked dormant on the Official Roll.

## Barrington baronets, of Limerick (1831)

* Sir Joseph Barrington, 1st Baronet (1764–1846)
* Sir Matthew Barrington, 2nd Baronet (1788–1861)
* Sir William Hartigan Barrington, 3rd Baronet (1815–1872)
* Sir Croker Barrington, 4th Baronet (1817–1890)
* Sir Charles Burton Barrington, 5th Baronet (1848–1943)
* Sir Charles Bacon Barrington, 6th Baronet (1902–1980)
* Sir Alexander Fitzwilliam Croker Barrington, 7th Baronet (1909–2003)
* Sir Benjamin Barrington, 8th Baronet (b. 1950). His name does not appear on the Official Roll of the Baronetage.
The heir apparent is the present holder's son Patrick Benjamin Barrington (b.1988).
# Brian MacLaren

Brian MacLaren (born 21 December 1943) is a Canadian sprinter. He competed in the men's 400 metres at the 1972 Summer Olympics. He finished second in the 1967 Pan American Games 4 × 400 metres relay (with Bill Crothers, Ross MacKenzie, and Robert McLaren) and third in the 1967 Pan American Games 800 metres. He won a silver medal in the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games 4 x 440 yards relay with Don Domansky, Ross MacKenzie and Bill Crothers.
In 1989, MacLaren was inducted into the Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame.