OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mill Green Museum

Mill Green Museum is a working watermill in Hatfield, Hertfordshire, England. The building is listed grade II* ("The Old Mill House Museum and Mill Green Mill") and dates from the 17th century. The local museum is in the old miller's house. Three galleries show changing displays of art and local history.

## History

The mill uses the power of the River Lea. The Domesday Book records several mills at Hatfield, and they are assumed to have included one at this site and another upstream at Lemsford.
In 1911 the last miller to mill commercially, Mr Lawrence, emigrated to Australia. However, the mill has been restored to full working order with 18th and 19th century wooden machinery. It is in regular use to grind organic wheat for a local bakery and for retail sale on the premises.

## Access

The mill is managed by Welwyn Hatfield Borough Council. Visitors can explore the mill, see it working and chat to the miller on duty. Mill Green runs craft and baking workshops, children's activities and a school visit service.
# Scaring Women at Night

Scaring Women at Night is a Canadian short drama film, directed by Karimah Zakia Issa and released in 2022. The film stars Izaiah Dockery as Ash, a Black transgender man who is walking alone in the dark, but becomes very nervous that Ella (Kavita Musty), a woman also walking alone nearby, may potentially view him as a threat.
The film premiered in the Short Cuts program at the 2022 Toronto International Film Festival.

## Awards

The film was screened at the 2023 Inside Out Film and Video Festival, where Issa won the Emerging Canadian Artist award.
The film won the 2023 Iris Prize for best LGBTQ-themed short film.
# Photographic fixer

Photographic fixer is a mixture of chemicals used in the final step in the photographic processing of film or paper. The fixer stabilises the image, removing the unexposed silver halide remaining on the photographic film or photographic paper, leaving behind the reduced metallic silver that forms the image. By fixation, the film or paper is insensitive to further action by light. Without fixing, the remaining silver halide would darken and cause fogging of the image.

## Chemistry

Fixation is commonly achieved by treating the film or paper with a solution of thiosulfate salt. Popular salts are sodium thiosulfate—commonly called hypo—and ammonium thiosulfate—commonly used in modern rapid fixer formulae. Fixation by thiosulfate involves these chemical reactions (X = halide, typically Br$^−$):
    AgX + 2 S$_2$O$_3$$^{2−}$ → [Ag(S$_2$O$_3$)$_2$]$^{3−}$ + X$^−$
    AgX + 3 S$_2$O$_3$$^{2−}$ → [Ag(S$_2$O$_3$)$_3$]$^{5−}$ + X$^−$
In addition to thiosulphate the fixer typically contains mildly acidic compounds to adjust the pH and suppress trace amounts of the developer. This compound is often an alkali hydrogen sulfite (bisulfite) which also serves to preserve the thiosulphate. Less commonly it may also contain other additives e.g. for the hardening of gelatin. There are also non-thiosulphate fixers, at least for special purposes. Fixer is used for processing all commonly used films, including black-and-white films, Kodachrome, and chromogenic films.

## Chromogenic films

In chromogenic films, the remaining silver must be removed by a chemical mixture called a bleach fix, sometimes shortened to blix. This mixture contains ammonium thiosulfate and ferric EDTA, a powerful chelating agent. The fixing agent reduces the silver which is then dissolved by the chelating agent.

## Washing and stabilisation

After fixation, washing is important to remove the exhausted chemicals from the emulsion. Otherwise they cause image deterioration. Other treatments of the remaining silver-based image are sometimes used to prevent "burning".
# Krasny, Chernyshkovsky District, Volgograd Oblast

Krasny (Russian: Красный) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Krasnoyarskoye Rural Settlement, Chernyshkovsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 123 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.

## Geography

Krasny is located 11 km southeast of Chernyshkovsky (the district's administrative centre) by road. Bogomazovka is the nearest rural locality.
# Power system simulator for engineering

Power System Simulator for Engineering (PSS®E—often written as PSS/E) is a software tool used by power system engineers to simulate electrical power transmission networks in steady-state conditions as well as over timescales of a few seconds to tens of seconds.
Since its introduction in 1976, it has evolved from a simple command-line interface, to an integrated, interactive program for simulating, analyzing, and optimizing power system performance, and it can provide probabilistic and dynamic modeling features.
# Karshevitoye

Karshevitoye (Russian: Каршевитое) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Karshevitskoye Rural Settlement, Leninsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 397 as of 2010. There are 7 streets.

## Geography

Karshevitoye is located on the left bank of the Volga River, 40 km southeast of Leninsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Zubarevka is the nearest rural locality.
# Paulo Bin

Cleiton Paulo Bin Netto (born 23 March 1941), better known as Paulo Bin or Paulo Bim, is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a forward.

## Career

Paulo Bin appeared at Comercial in 1958, champion of the second state division of São Paulo. He played for the club during the 60s, having the honor of scoring the first goal in the history of the Estádio Palma Travassos against Pelé's Santos. In 1966, he would defend Santos, becoming champion of the Rio-São Paulo Tournament. He also played for Vasco da Gama and Ferroviária.

## Honours
### Comercial

* Campeonato Paulista Série A2: 1958

### Santos

* Torneio Rio-São Paulo: 1966
# Certificate-based encryption

Certificate-based encryption is a system in which a certificate authority uses ID-based cryptography to produce a certificate. This system gives the users both implicit and explicit certification, the certificate can be used as a conventional certificate (for signatures, etc.), but also implicitly for the purpose of encryption.

## Example

A user Alice can doubly encrypt a message using another user's (Bob) public key and his (Bob's) identity.
This means that the user (Bob) cannot decrypt it without a currently valid certificate and also that the certificate authority cannot decrypt the message as they don't have the user's private key (i.e., there is no implicit escrow as with ID-based cryptography, as the double encryption means they cannot decrypt it solely with the information they have). Certificate is the trust between two parties.

## Key revocation

Key revocation can be added to the system by requiring a new certificate to be issued as frequently as the level of security requires. Because the certificate is "public information", it does not need to be transmitted over a secret channel. The downside of this is the requirement for regular communication between users and the certificate authority, which means the certificate authority is more vulnerable to electronic attacks (such as denial-of-service attacks) and also that such attacks could effectively stop the system from working. This risk can be partially but not completely reduced by having a hierarchy of multiple certificate authorities.

## Practical applications

The best example of practical use of certificate-based encryption is Content Scrambling System (CSS), which is used to encode DVD movies in such a way as to make them playable only in a part of the world where they are sold. However, the fact that the region decryption key is stored on the hardware level in the DVD players substantially weakens this form of protection.
# Hennie Smit

Hendrik Albertyn Smit (born 19 April 1949) is a South African politician. He represented the New National Party (NNP) in the National Assembly from 1994 to 2001, serving the Western Cape constituency. Before that, he represented the National Party (NP) in the apartheid-era House of Assembly.

## Early life and career

Born on 19 April 1949, Smit formerly represented the NP in the all-white House of Assembly. He succeeded former president P. W. Botha as the representative for the constituency of George in the Western Cape.

## Post-apartheid legislative career
### National Assembly

In South Africa's first post-apartheid elections in 1994, Smit was elected to represent the NP in the new multi-racial National Assembly. He served as the party's chief whip during the legislative term that followed. In addition, he was chairperson of the NP's regional branch in the Southern Cape.
Smit was re-elected to the National Assembly in the 1999 general election, representing the Western Cape constituency. The following year, the NP (newly restyled as the NNP) joined the multi-party Democratic Alliance (DA) with the Democratic Party. Smit became chairperson of the DA's Southern Cape regional branch and was appointed to the shadow cabinet of DA leader Tony Leon, becoming the alliance's spokesman on defence. He was removed from the latter position after six months, in a March 2001 reshuffle by Leon.

### Provincial legislature

The NNP's participation in the DA was short-lived. At the end of 2001, when the NNP abandoned the alliance to enter into cooperation with the African National Congress (ANC), Smit resigned from the National Assembly in order to join the Western Cape Provincial Legislature, where he, with the ANC's Garth Strachan, was co-chief whip of the NNP/ANC caucus. He left the legislature after the 2004 general election, although he continued to serve as financial chairperson of the NNP's provincial branch. The DA claimed that, in a nepotistic arrangement, DA representatives were arranging for Smit to take up a job in the City of Cape Town Municipality.
# A Christian Ministry in the National Parks

A Christian Ministry in the National Parks (ACMNP) is a Christian ministry in the United States National Parks since the 1950s. It was founded in 1952 by Warren Ost in coordination with the National Council of Churches.
# American College of Tax Counsel

The American College of Tax Counsel (ACTC) was established in 1981. It is a professional organization of tax lawyers and is limited to a maximum number of 700 attorneys. Members, called “Fellows,” are peer-elected to membership in recognition for their exceptional dedication, commitment, contributions, accomplishments, and achievements related to the practice of tax law in the United States.
In order to improve the tax system in the United States, ACTC provides recommendations to the Internal Revenue Service and U.S. Congress, and provides input in selected tax cases through amicus curiae (also known as friend of the court) briefs. In addition, ACTC supports public tax policy conferences and the publication of scholarly articles through its affiliations with the American Tax Policy Institute and the Tannewald Foundation. ACTC also sponsors an annual Erwin Griswold Lecture on Tax Policy.
Charles Rettig, United States Commissioner of Internal Revenue, is a former president of ACTC.
# Gladkov, Volgograd Oblast

Gladkov (Russian: Гладков) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Basakinskoye Rural Settlement, Chernyshkovsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 41 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Gladkov is located 29 km southwest of Chernyshkovsky (the district's administrative centre) by road. Verkhnegnutov is the nearest rural locality.
# Dolgy, Leninsky District, Volgograd Oblast

Dolgy (Russian: Долгий) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Pokrovskoye Rural Settlement, Leninsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 24 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

The village is located on Caspian Depression, on the left bank of the Kalinov, 76 km from Volgograd, 27 km from Leninsk, 16 km from Pokrovka.
# André Mollet (cyclist)

André Mollet (born 13 July 1949) is a French racing cyclist. He rode in the 1973 Tour de France.
# Paulo Nani

Paulo Nani da Silva (born 8 February 1950), also known as Paulo Nani, is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a right winger.

## Career

Revealed in his youth at São Paulo FC, he played for the club from 1970 to 1972. He also played for Fluminense, Santos, Juventus and Atlético Goianiense.

## Personal life

Paulo was a member of the city council of Carapicuiba from 1997 to 2000, where he also owns a sporting goods store.

## Honours
### São Paulo

* Campeonato Paulista: 1970, 1971
# Kees Vendrik

Cornelis Constant Maria (Kees) Vendrik (30 January 1963 in Nijmegen) is a member of the Netherlands Court of Audit.

## Before politics

Vendrik studied political science at the Radboud University Nijmegen and the University of Amsterdam. After his studies he worked for the debating centre De Balie in Amsterdam and as assistant of GreenLeft parliamentary party in the House of Representatives.

## Political life

Vendrik was a member of the House of Representatives for GreenLeft. He used to be the party's specialist on the economy, finance, the health care system and international trade. He is an advocate of the use of open source software by government agencies.
He was a member of the State Committee on Rule of Law, established by the cabinet, parliament, and judicial branch in response to political scandals that harmed public trust such as the childcare benefits scandal, induced earthquakes in Groningen due to gas extraction, and the nitrogen crisis. It concluded in June 2024 that trust in the government had been damaged by a neglect of the rule of law and by overly-complicated rules and procedures.
# Bernardo Elías

Bernardo Miguel Elías Vidal (born November 7, 1976) is a Colombian civil engineer and politician and former member of the Party of the U.
Elías has served as a Colombian Congressman, serving as a member of the Chamber of Representatives from July 20, 2006, to July 20, 2010, representing the department of Córdoba and most recently as Senator of Colombia from July 20, 2010. until September 21, 2017, when he would lose his position in the Senate after being found responsible by the Supreme Court of Justice of Colombia for having received 17.3 billion pesos in bribes from the Brazilian multinational Odebretch.

## Personal life

Bernardo Miguel Elías Vidal was born on November 7, 1976, in Sahagún, Córdoba to Bernardo Elías Sr. and Carmina Vidal, growing up in a conservative upper-class home, later in 1999 he graduated as a civil engineer from the La Salle University in Bogotá and then he would complete a specialization in Construction Management at the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana that would end in 2004.
# Guy Leclerc

Guy Leclerc (born 5 October 1955) is a Canadian water polo player. He competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics and the 1976 Summer Olympics.
# Bukanovskaya

Bukanovskaya (Russian: Букановская) is a rural locality (a stanitsa) and the administrative center of Bukanovskoye Rural Settlement, Kumylzhensky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 953 as of 2010. There are 13 streets.

## Geography

Bukanovskaya is located on the right bank of the Khopyor River, 37 km southwest of Kumylzhenskaya (the district's administrative centre) by road. Zaolkhovsky is the nearest rural locality.
# Arnaud Bouet

Arnaud Bouet (born 15 February 1960) is a French former water polo player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# Federico Fernández (equestrian)

Federico Fernández Senderos (born 29 March 1968 in Nopalucan, Mexico) is an equestrian showjumper.
He represented his country in the 2004 Summer Olympics in both the individual and team jumping events.
In 2006, he competed in the 2006 FEI World Equestrian Games (again, both the individual jumping and team jumping events).
Similar to 2004, Fernandez represented Mexico in the individual and team jumping events of the 2008 Summer Olympics and 2012 Summer Olympics.
# Alaska Electric Light & Power

Alaska Electric Light & Power, also known as AEL&P, is the power utility for Juneau, the capital city of Alaska. AEL&P gets their electricity primarily through the Snettisham hydroelectric power plant, located in an uninhabited region 30 miles (48 km) Southeast of downtown Juneau, accessible only by boat and aircraft. The General Manager for the company is Connie Hulbert.
Founded in 1893 by Willis Thorpe, AEL&P is one of the only privately held utilities in the state. It originally ran on local hydroelectric dams run by the mining-focused Treadwell Company. These first dams were constructed on Salmon Creek and Sheep Creek. The current plant at Snettisham was completed in 1973.
On July 1, 2014, Avista Corp., based out of Washington, bought out AEL&P's parent Alaska Energy and Resources Company.

## 2008 avalanches and emergency power

In April, 2008, a series of massive avalanches outside Juneau heavily damaged the electrical lines providing Juneau with power, knocking the hydroelectric system offline and forcing the utility to switch to a much more expensive diesel system. Diesel generators replaced the hydroelectric power to the municipality in the weeks that followed, leading to temporarily higher utility costs for AEL&P customers until the power lines were repaired.
# Saray Robayo

Saray Elena Robayo Bechara (November 24, 1993) is a Colombian former beauty queen, politician, lawyer and specialist in Constitutional Law. Has been a representative for Córdoba in the Chamber of Representatives since July 20, 2022.
# Hans Adlhoch (sport shooter)

Hans Adlhoch (born 10 April 1935) is a German-born Canadian sport shooter. He competed in the 1976 Summer Olympics.
# Sidorovka, Volgograd Oblast

Sidorovka (Russian: Сидоровка) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Arzhanovskoye Rural Settlement, Alexeyevsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 6 as of 2010.

## Geography

Sidorovka is located on the right bank of the Khopyor River, 42 km southeast of Alexeyevskaya (the district's administrative centre) by road. Pokruchinsky is the nearest rural locality.
# Kuptsovo

Kuptsovo (Russian: Купцово) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Kuptsovskoye Rural Settlement, Kotovsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,075 as of 2010. There are 6 streets.

## Geography

Kuptsovo is located in forest steppe, on Volga Upland, on the Mokraya Olkhovka River, 19 km east of Kotovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Lapshinskaya is the nearest rural locality.
# Arnjolt Beer

Arnjolt Beer (born 19 June 1946) is a retired French shot putter.
He was born in Koumac in New Caledonia, and represented the club Stade Français. He represented France at the 1968 and 1972 Olympic Games, where he did not reach the final. He won the silver medal at the 1967 Mediterranean Games, finished sixth at the 1968 European Indoor Games, eighth at the 1970 European Indoor Championships, thirteenth at the 1971 European Indoor Championships, tenth at the 1972 European Indoor Championships, tenth at the 1976 European Indoor Championships, and twelfth at the 1981 European Indoor Championships.
He became French champion in 1968, 1971, 1978 and 1980, and French indoor champion in 1975, 1977, 1978 and 1979. At the South Pacific Games Beer won the shot put in 1966, 1969, 1971, 1975 and 1983. He set a championship record with 18.07 metres in 1971, and equalled it in 1975. It withstood later competitions. Also, in the discus throw he won gold medals in 1969, 1971 and 1975 and silver medals in 1966 and 1983. Here, too, he set a championship record of 50.22 metres in 1969, but it was erased by French Polynesian Jean-Claude Duhaze in 1979. In the hammer throw Beer won a silver medal in 1975 and bronze medals in 1969 and 1971.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing New Caledonia ||||||
| 1966 | South Pacific Games | Nouméa, New Caledonia | 1st | Shot put | 15.82 m |
| 1966 | South Pacific Games | Nouméa, New Caledonia | 2nd | Discus throw | 44.68 m |
| 1969 | South Pacific Games | Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea | 1st | Shot put | 17.89 m |
| 1969 | South Pacific Games | Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea | 1st | Discus throw | 50.22 m |
| 1969 | South Pacific Games | Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea | 3rd | Hammer throw | 41.84 m |
| 1971 | South Pacific Games | Pirae, French Polynesia | 1st | Shot put | 18.07 m |
| 1971 | South Pacific Games | Pirae, French Polynesia | 1st | Discus throw | 49.98 m |
| 1971 | South Pacific Games | Pirae, French Polynesia | 3rd | Hammer throw | 44.00 m |
| 1975 | South Pacific Games | Tumon, Guam | 1st | Shot put | 18.07 m |
| 1975 | South Pacific Games | Tumon, Guam | 1st | Discus throw | 48.30 m |
| 1975 | South Pacific Games | Tumon, Guam | 2nd | Hammer throw | 43.66 m |
| 1983 | South Pacific Games | Apia, Western Samoa | 1st | Shot put | 16.97 m |
| 1983 | South Pacific Games | Apia, Western Samoa | 2nd | Discus throw | 48.70 m |
# Ben T. Williams

Ben T. Williams (c. 1911 – January 11, 1982) was a justice of the Oklahoma Supreme Court from 1953 to 1982. He served as chief justice twice, in 1961-62 and in 1975–76. He lived in Oklahoma City, and also maintained a home in Pauls Valley, Oklahoma.
Williams was born in Johnson County, Texas, and later moved to Garvin County, Oklahoma. He earned a bachelor's degree from the University of Oklahoma, then earned his law degree from the University of Oklahoma College of Law. After receiving his law degree, he became the city attorney for Stratford, Oklahoma, then became the Garvin County judge for four years. He was elected District Judge in 1938, a position he held for 14 years, before he was appointed Associate Justice of the Oklahoma Supreme Court in 1952, and served two terms as chief justice. He also was a part-time instructor at the Oklahoma City University School of Law.
Williams was on the bench when an infamous corruption scandal broke in July 1964. A U.S. attorney alleged that he had a witness who had witnessed a payoff of Oklahoma Supreme Court justices in 1957. The Oklahoma Bar Association investigated the allegation, and completely exonerated Williams and six other justices. Disciplinary action was recommended against two other justices.
Williams had announced in December 1981 that he would retire on January 31, 1982, but died on January 11, 1982. He had been hospitalized for 48 days at Baptist Medical Center in Oklahoma City. He was survived by his widow, Ruth, and son, Ben T. Williams Jr.
Williams' widow, Ruth T. Williams (née Turner) died on June 23, 1991, in Dallas, Texas. Her obituary named her surviving son and daughter-in-law, Ben Jr. and Jane Williams, and three grandsons, as well as another son, Laurence Thompson Williams, who had predeceased her.
# Federico Arce

Federico Arce (born 6 October 1944) is a Mexican rower. He competed in the men's eight event at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
# Muzaffar Hussain Shah

Syed Muzaffar Hussain Shah (Urdu: مظفر حسین شاہ) is a Pakistani politician and a member of Senate of Pakistan. He was born in 1945. He is an active partisan of Pakistan Muslim League (F). He was nominated by the President to chair the session to administer the oath of newly elected senators and preside over the election for chairman of Senate 2021.

## Positions

* Senior Vice President, Pakistan Muslim League (Functional) (1980)
* Member Majlis Shoora (1980-1982)
* Minister for Industries Govt of Sindh (1983-1984)
* Speaker Provincial Assembly Sindh (1986-1988)
* Minister Law, Parliamentary Affairs, Agriculture Land Utilization, Minister Coordination, Govt of Sindh (1990-1992)
* Chief Minister Sindh (1992-1993)
* Speaker Provincial Assembly Sindh (2002-2008)
* Member Parliament (Senator: 2012 to 2018)
* Member Parliament (Senator: 2018 to 2024)