OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rally of Tunisia

The rally of Tunisia (Rallye de Tunisie) is a rally-raid which was disputed each year in Tunisia from 1981 to 2011.

## Editions

| Year | Cars | Cars | Bikes | Bikes |
| Year | Driver - Co-driver | Car | Driver | Bike |
| 1981 | Jean-Claude Briavoine - Catherine Plessis | Lada | Luc Duriez | Yamaha |
| 1982 | Jacques Regis - Yves Hollebecq | Range Rover | Gilles Moneret | Yamaha |
| 1983 | not held | not held | not held | not held |
| 1984 | Arnault Lucbert - Patrick Destaillats | Range Rover | Gilles Picard | SWM |
| 1985 | Mikel Prieto - Julio Vázquez | Nissan | Pierre Marie Poli | Yamaha |
| 1986 | Pierre Lartigue - René Ponte | Lada | Marc Joineau | Suzuki |
| 1987 | Jean Da Silva - Bernard Maingrets | Mitsubishi | Carles Mas | Yamaha |
| 1988 | Ari Vatanen - Bruno Berglund | Peugeot 405 Turbo 16 | Alessandro De Petri | Cagiva |
| 1989 | Pierre Lartigue - Bernard Maingrets | Mitsubishi | Alessandro De Petri | Cagiva |
| 1990 | Pierre Lartigue - Henri Magne | Mitsubishi | Stéphane Peterhansel | Yamaha |
| 1991 | not held | not held | not held | not held |
| 1992 | Pierre Lartigue - Michel Périn | Citroën | Luigi Medardo | Yamaha |
| 1993 | Saeed Al Hajri - Henri Magne | Mitsubishi | Flavio Agradi | Gilera |
| 1994 | Pierre Lartigue - Michel Périn | Citroën | Stéphane Peterhansel | Yamaha |
| 1995 | Pierre Lartigue - Michel Périn | Citroën | Alain Olivier | Yamaha |
| 1996 | Pierre Lartigue - Michel Périn | Citroën | Thierry Magnaldi | KTM |
| 1997 | Pierre Lartigue - Michel Périn | Citroën | Fabrizio Meoni | KTM |
| 1998 | Jean-Louis Schlesser - Philippe Monnet | Buggy Schlesser | Richard Sainct | KTM |
| 1999 | Jean-Louis Schlesser - Philippe Monnet | Buggy Schlesser | Richard Sainct | BMW |
| 2000 | Jean-Louis Schlesser - Henri Magne | Buggy Schlesser | Fabrizio Meoni | KTM |
| 2001 | Bruno Saby - Thierry Delli Zotti | Ford Protruck | Fabrizio Meoni | KTM |
| 2002 | Stéphane Peterhansel - Jean-Paul Cottret | Mitsubishi | Nani Roma | KTM |
| 2003 | Jean-Louis Schlesser - Jean-Marie Lurquin | Buggy Schlesser | Fabrizio Meoni | KTM |
| 2004 | Stéphane Peterhansel - Jean-Paul Cottret | Mitsubishi | Cyril Despres | KTM |
| 2005 | Luc Alphand - Gilles Picard | Mitsubishi | Cyril Despres | KTM |
| 2006 | Stéphane Peterhansel - Jean-Paul Cottret | Mitsubishi | Isidre Esteve | KTM |
| 2007 | Jean-Louis Schlesser - Arnaud Debron | Buggy Schlesser | Marc Coma | KTM |
| 2008 | Dominique Housieaux - Jean-Michel Polato | Buggy Schlesser | Olivier Pain | Yamaha |
| 2009 | Orlando Terranova - Filip Palmeiro | BMW X-Raid | Cyril Despres | KTM |
| 2010 | Jean-Louis Schlesser - Konstantin Zhiltsov | Buggy Schlesser | Chaleco López | Aprilia |
| 2011 | Leonid Novitskiy - Andreas Schulz | BMW X-Raid | Hélder Rodrigues | Yamaha |
# Group T3

In relation to motorsport, Group T3 is a set of technical specifications for lightweight prototype cross-country vehicles used in off-road Cross-Country Rallying (also called Rally Raid). The group is governed by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) and defined in appendix J, article 286 of its International Sporting Code. The vehicles are generally single unit builds for competition purposes, and differ from 'cars' defined in Group T1 by not needing to be road-legal (except for lighting), and have a much lower minimum weight. The T3 vehicles also do not need parts such as a windscreen or an engine manufactured by series production car companies. The vehicles must be powered by one engine and without driving aids such as traction control or ABS. Although not specifically defined as such by the FIA, the group may be called prototype side-by-side vehicles, like their series production relatives of Group T4. Indeed, T3 permits such modified and competition prepared vehicles where T4 prohibits them.

## History

Group T3 was first introduced in 1990 when the generic Group T, introduced the year before, was divided into four specific groups. Until 2002, T3 was for prototype cross-country competition cars, with no provision made by the FIA for the modern "lightweight vehicle". No Group T3 existed between 2003 and 2009, but improved cross-country cars were installed as T3 from 2010 until 2018.
In 2019, T3 became the category for lightweight vehicles with two categories; T3-Prototype and T3-Series which became the modern T3 and T4 respectively in 2020, with the Trucks of T4 being moved to Group T5.
Whether as cars or lightweight, T3 vehicles have been competing in Baja Cross Country Rallies, Rally Raids and Marathon Rallies, including in the FIA World Cup for Cross Country Rallies.

## Classes

When competing in the FIA World Rally-Raid Championship, which includes the long established Dakar Rally, there are no sporting classes within the group.

## Vehicles

Example T3 lightweight vehicles include:
* Red Bull OT3
* PH-Sport Zephyr
* Yamaha YXZ 1000R Rally Edition
* Can-Am Maverick X3
* G-Force T3GF
# Tom Swift and His Electric Rifle

Tom Swift and His Electric Rifle; or, Daring Adventures in Elephant Land is a young adult novel published in 1911, written by Stratemeyer Syndicate writers using the pen name Victor Appleton. It is Volume 10 in the original Tom Swift novel series published by Grosset & Dunlap. The novel is notable for inspiring the name of the Taser.

## Plot

While Tom Swift is working on his latest new invention, the electric rifle, he meets an African safari master whose stories of elephant hunting sends the group off to deepest, darkest Africa. Hunting for ivory is the least of their worries, as they find out some old friends are being held hostage by the fearsome tribes of the red pygmies.
Swift builds two major inventions in this volume. The first is a replacement airship, known as The Black Hawk. This new airship is to replace The Red Cloud, which was destroyed during his adventures in Tom Swift in the Caves of Ice. This airship is of the same general construction as The Red Cloud, but is smaller and more maneuverable.
Of foremost notice is Swift's invention of the electric rifle, a gun which fires bolts of electricity. The electric rifle can be calibrated to different levels of range, intensity, and lethality; it can shoot through solid walls without leaving a hole, and is powerful enough to kill a rampaging whale, as in their steamer trek to Africa. With the electric rifle, Tom and friends bring down elephants, rhinoceroses, and buffalo, and save their lives several times in pitched battle with the red pygmies. It also can discharge a globe of light that was described as being able to maintain itself, like ball lightning, making hunting at night much safer in the dark of Africa. In appearance, the rifle looked very much like contemporary conventional rifles.

## Racist content

The Thomas Swift series included depictions of its non-white characters now considered racist:
   In the book, the black people are rendered as either passive, simple and childlike, or animalistic and capable of unimaginable violence. They are described in the book at various points as “hideous in their savagery, wearing only the loin cloth, and with their kinky hair stuck full of sticks”, and as “wild, savage and ferocious ... like little red apes."

## Homages

Sixty years later a non-lethal weapon delivering an electric shock was developed by Jack Cover and marketed by Taser International under the name "Taser", an acronym for Thomas A. Swift's Electric Rifle. The middle initial 'A' is used to produce a word more pronounceable than "TSER", as no other name than "Tom Swift" is used for the book's hero.
# Mad Dogs and Englishmen

Mad Dogs and Englishmen may refer to:
* "Mad Dogs and Englishmen" (song), a 1931 song by Noël Coward
* "Mad Dogs and Englishmen" (song), a 1970 song recorded by Stone the Crows
* Mad Dogs & Englishmen (album), a 1970 live album by Joe Cocker
* Mad Dogs & Englishmen (film), a 1971 Joe Cocker music film
* Mad Dogs and Englishmen (film), a 1995 Canadian/British film
* Mad Dogs and Englishmen (novel), a 2002 Doctor Who novel
* "Mad Dogs and Englishmen", a song by Late of the Pier from the 2008 album Fantasy Black Channel
# Author Emeritus

Author Emeritus was an honorary title annually bestowed by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers Association upon a living writer "as a way to recognize and appreciate senior writers in the genres of science fiction and fantasy who have made significant contributions to our field but who are no longer active or whose excellent work may no longer be as widely known as it once was". The Author Emeritus was invited to speak at the annual Nebula Awards banquet.
The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction describes the award as for "apparently, long-time sf writers not considered worthy of Grand Master eminence". The award was inaugurated in 1995 and conferred 14 times in the 16 years through 2010, with a final award being given in 2014. The award was termed "Author of Distinction" in 2004, and "Special Honoree" in 2014. The 2001 award was controversial as it went to a writer who was still active at the time.
An anthology, Architects of Dreams: The SFWA Author Emeritus Anthology, was published in 2003, collecting works of the first five honorees.

## Honorees

Author Emeritus honorees :
| Year | Honoree |
| 1995 | Emil Petaja (1915–2000) |
| 1996 | Wilson Tucker (1914–2006) |
| 1997 | Judith Merril (1923–1997) |
| 1998 | Nelson S. Bond (1908–2006) |
| 1999 | William Tenn (1920–2010) |
| 2000 | Daniel Keyes (1927–2014) |
| 2001 | Robert Sheckley (1928–2005) |
| 2002 | – |
| 2003 | Katherine MacLean (1925–2019) |
| 2004 | Charles L. Harness (1915–2005) as Author of Distinction |
| 2005 | – |
| 2006 | William F. Nolan (1928–2021) |
| 2007 | D. G. Compton (1930–2023) |
| 2008 | Ardath Mayhar (1930–2012) |
| 2009 | M. J. Engh (1933–2024) |
| 2010 | Neal Barrett, Jr. (1929–2014) |
| 2011 | – |
| 2012 | – |
| 2013 | – |
| 2014 | Frank M. Robinson (1926-2014) as Special Honoree |
# William Swanson (politician)

William Swanson (30 May 1819 – 23 April 1903) was a 19th-century Member of Parliament in Auckland, New Zealand. An early pioneer of the Auckland Region, Swanson logged kauri on the banks of the Swanson Stream in the 1850s.

## Biography

Swanson was born on 30 May 1819 in Leith, Scotland. He was orphaned as a boy, and was raised by his uncle and later his paternal grandparents. He started his career in Greenock, working as a shipwright's apprentice. In 1844 he moved to Auckland, working on constructing a barque on Great Barrier Island, repairing ships in Auckland, and collected oyster shells, to be used for lime to construct the walls of the Albert Barracks. He lived on West Queen Street with his de facto wife Mere Ngaoko, and their two children. West Queen Street later became known as Swanson Street, due to its association with him.
In 1849, Swanson left New Zealand for the California Gold Rush. During this time, Ngaoko, believing that her husband was dead, relocated to the Waikato with their two sons. She had a third son while living there, dying soon afterwards. Swanson returned to New Zealand in 1852, bringing his sons back to Auckland to live with him. Swanson would buy land in West Auckland from the New Zealand government, settling on the banks of the Swanson Stream, where he logged kauri until 1861. He married again twice: once to Timata Titoki in 1853, and again in 1855 to Ani Rangitunoa. Swanson's son with Titoki, George Swanson, was one of the first students to attend the Auckland Grammar School. Ani Rangitunoa was a woman of high birth from the Ngāti Te Whatuiāpiti hapū, who was from the Hawke's Bay.
Swanson began a political career in 1863, first by representing the West Ward on the Auckland City Board. He represented the Newton electorate from 1871 to 1884, when he retired. He was a minister in the Vogel Ministry, 1876 and Grey Ministry 1877–1879 as a Member of the Executive Council. He was then appointed to the Legislative Council in 1885, a position he held until his death.
In the 1870s he won a bet with John Sangster Macfarlane who had claimed that a certain politician would soon be in Mt Eden (gaol), and used to display the cheque for £80 which he received from Macfarlane but did not cash.
In 1903, he died of a heart failure. By the time if his death, Swanson had eight children, of whom seven survived and six married. Swanson is the namesake of the Swanson Stream, Swanson Street in the Auckland city centre, and the suburb of Swanson in West Auckland.
# James Dilworth

James Dilworth (15 August 1815 – 23 December 1894) was a New Zealand farmer, investor, speculator and philanthropist. He was born in Donaghmore, County Tyrone, Ireland, on 15 August 1815 and attended the nearby Royal School, Dungannon, where a blue plaque was unveiled in his memory on 7 October 2014, by the Ulster History Circle.

## Political career

Dilworth was elected to the first Auckland Provincial Council for the Southern Division electorate in August 1853. He remained a member of the provincial council until September 1861.

## Charitable work

The Dilworth Trust Board was the benefactor of the estate of Dilworth, who received his legal advice from the solicitor Samuel Jackson. The trust funds Dilworth School a full boarding school for boys in Auckland, New Zealand. A school where all boys are on full scholarships covering all education and boarding costs.
In 2018, Dilworth was posthumously inducted into the New Zealand Business Hall of Fame.
# Nicola Di Girolamo

Nicola Di Girolamo (born 25 June 1960) is an Italian politician who served as a The People of Freedom Member of the Senate of the Republic from 2008 to 2010.
On 3 March 2010, he was removed from the Italian Senate for his alleged involvement with 'Ndrangheta and was placed under house arrest for his alleged involvement in a more than €2 billion money laundering scheme. Numerous persons in Silvio Berlusconi's political party were allegedly involved.
He was convicted of criminal association aimed at tax evasion, international money laundering and electoral exchange, and, on 15 July 2011, he was sentenced to a five year imprisonment and received a 4.2 million euros fine for restitution.
He was named in the 2016 Panama Papers.
# Luigi Di Lello

Luigi Di Lello (born 31 May 1968) is an Italian male retired marathon runner, which participated at the 1995 World Championships in Athletics in Gothenburg, Sweden.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Performance | Notes |
| 1995 | World Championships | Gothenburg | DNF | Marathon | 2:23:51 | |
# Jonatan Grahn

Jonatan Grahn (born 15 October 2000) is a speedway rider from Sweden.

## Speedway career

Grahn came to prominence in 2020, when he reached the final and finished fifth in the 2020 Individual Speedway Junior European Championship. The following year in 2021, he represented Sweden in the Team Speedway Junior World Championship final.
In 2022, he recorded a fourth place finish in Team Junior European Championship and rode for Indianerna in the Swedish Eliserien (the highest league in Sweden). He continued to ride for Indianerna for both the 2023 and 2024 seasons. He was selected by the Sweden national speedway team to represent them for the 2024 season.
Grahn signed for Edinburgh Monarchs for his debut season in British speedway for the SGB Championship 2025.

## Family

His younger brother Gustav Grahn is also a professional speedway rider.
# Meizodon krameri

Meizodon krameri, also known commonly as the Tana Delta smooth snake, is a species of snake in the subfamily Colubrinae of the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to Kenya.

## Etymology

The specific name, krameri, is in honor of Swiss herpetologist Eugen Kramer.

## Description

M. krameri may attain a total length (including tail) of 50 cm (20 in). The pupil of the eye is round. The dorsal scales are smooth and are arranged in 19 rows at midbody. Each dorsal scale has one apical pit. The ventrals number 166–176, which is fewer than other species in its genus. The anal plate is divided. The subcaudals number 68–69 and are also divided. The maxillary teeth number 26, which is more than other species in the genus. Dorsally, M. krameri is uniformly olive-brown. The labials are lighter, as are the centers of the ventrals.

## Natural history

Nothing is known about the natural history of M. krameri because it was described in 1985 from two preserved specimens which had been collected in 1934. No additional specimens have been collected or photographed. It may be terrestrial, diurnal, and oviparous like its congeners.
# Auguste Danse

Auguste Michel Danse (13 July 1829, Brussels – 2 August 1929, Uccle) was a Belgian engraver and etcher.

## Biography

His father, Mathieu-Joseph Danse, was a merchant. While still very young, he enrolled at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts, where he studied painting with François-Joseph Navez. He then studied engraving with Luigi Calamatta, who would be a major influence. After graduating, he was employed by Jacob Wiener and engraved medals. In 1851, he received a major commission from the Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts to produce portraits for a series of biographies.
For many years, he earned his living from commercial work; designing stained glass windows and playing cards, and working in a textile factory, engraving the copper printing cylinders. He lost the latter position when the American Civil War made cotton difficult to obtain. From that point on, he devoted himself entirely to engraving; producing copies of the old Dutch Masters.
In 1871, he became a drawing teacher at the art academy in Mons He retained that position until his retirement in 1897, and helped create an engraving school there in 1882. At the Exposition Universelle (1889) and the Exposition Universelle (1900), he was awarded silver medals.
Beginning in the early twentieth-century, his attention turned more to painting; primarily maritime scenes and landscapes. In 1903, he produced a series of portraits for the Belgian royal family. Two years later, he became a member of the Royal Academy. He remained active until 1911. Retrospectives of his work were held that year and in 1920.
He died shortly after his hundredth birthday. A street in Uccle was named after him. The Royal Library of Belgium has a collection of his original engravings. His notable students included Paul Craps and Elisabeth Wesmael.
His wife, Adèle, was the sister of Jean-Baptiste Meunier (1821–1900), a graphic artist. Their daughters, Marie and Louise, both became engravers. Marie would marry the controversial politician, Jules Destrée.
# Volcano bowl

A volcano bowl is a piece of ceramic drinkware originally associated with mid-20th century American tiki bars and tropical-themed restaurants. Drinks served in volcano bowls are typically rum-based, mixed with tropical fruit juices and other liquors such as brandy, vodka, and triple sec, and garnished with fruit. The Flaming Volcano cocktail is especially associated with this drinkware.

## Background

Volcano bowls typically have a large capacity of 32 oz. or more, and are used to serve a communal beverage to a group of two or more friends who share the drink, often sipping simultaneously from the bowl through long, colorful straws. Volcano bowls are designed with a rising central hub feature formed and painted to resemble a crude volcano cone, giving the vessel a topological similarity to a Bundt pan. The central cone, in turn, is topped by a pit or "crater" which is intended to be filled with overproof rum or other flammable high-alcohol liquor. This "crater" liquor is ignited just before service, creating a festive, mildly volcanic ambience with its central blue flame. Meanwhile, the drink surrounds the "volcano cone" in a ring-shaped moat, like a pool of lava or an ocean surrounding a volcanic island.
The exterior surfaces of volcano bowls are usually decorated with painted or glazed-on tropical-themed images, such as hula dancers, palm trees, and island landscapes.
# Hetaerina titia

Hetaerina titia, the smoky rubyspot, is a species of broad-winged damselfly in the family Calopterygidae. It is found in Central America and North America.
The IUCN conservation status of Hetaerina titia is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' survival. The population is stable. The IUCN status was reviewed in 2018.
# Mangueira station

Mangueira is a railway station in Mangueira, Rio de Janeiro which is serviced by the Supervia.

## History

Namesake of the Mangueira Samba School, and previously part of the Central do Brasil Railroad, Mangueira station now is the fourth station after Central do Brasil station on the suburban Deodoro Line, after Praça da Bandeira, São Cristóvão and Maracanã. The station was named Mangueira when it was opened in 1869 due to a local hat factory known as the Fábrica das Mangueiras, or Mango Tree Factory, due to the large amount of mangoes that were grown there. In 1937, the line was electrified, with a substation being built next to the station. Due to being too close to the rebuilt Maracanã station, Mangueira station was closed in August 2014. However, following the construction of a 77-metre-long passageway to platform 1 of Maracanã station on 22 February 2016, Mangueira was reopened to passengers.

## Platforms

Platform 1A: Towards Deodoro (Stopper) Platform 1B: Towards Central do Brasil (Stopper)
# Yves Fortier (geologist)

Yves Oscar Fortier, OC, FRSC (August 17, 1914 – August 19, 2014) was a Canadian geologist. He was the director of the Geological Survey of Canada from 1964 to 1973. He led expeditions to the Canadian Arctic in the 1950s and 1960s which identified significant potential oil and gas resources. He died at the age of 100 on August 19, 2014.

## Honours

* 1953 - Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
* 1964 - Massey Medal, Royal Canadian Geographical Society
* 1974 - Logan Medal, Geological Association of Canada
* 1980 - Officer of the Order of Canada
* The mineral Yofortierite was named in his honor by Canadian geologist Guy Perrault, F.R.S. (1927–2002).
* The Yves Fortier Earth Science Journalism Award is also named in his honor.
# Ludwik III of Oława

Louis III of Oława, mostly known as of Lüben (Polish: Ludwik; before 1405 – before 18 June 1441), was a Duke of Oława (Ohlau) from 1419 to 1420 and Duke of Lubin (Lüben) and Chojnów (Haynau) from 1431 until his death.
He was the third and youngest son of Henry IX, Duke of Lubin, by his wife Anna, daughter of Przemyslaus I Noszak, Duke of Cieszyn.

## Life

After the death of his father in 1419 or 1420, Louis III succeeded him in the duchies of Oława and Niemcza together with his older brother Wenceslaus III as co-ruler. The death of Wenceslaus III in 1423 without issue left him as sole ruler of their duchies.
In 1431, after the death of his oldest brother Rupert II (who, like Wenceslaus III, never married or had children), Louis III inherited his Duchies of Lubin and Chojnów.

## Marriage and issue

By 1423, Louis III married Margareta (b. 1412 or 1414 – d. 15 January 1454), daughter of Duke Bolko IV of Opole. They had two sons:
* Jan I (b. 1425 – d. aft. 21 November 1453).
* Henry X (b. 1426 – d. bef. 28 May 1452).
On his death, he left the Duchy of Oława to his wife as dower. She ruled it until her own death.