OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# VB-3 Razon

The VB-3 Razon was a high-angle freefall guided bomb developed by the United States Army Air Force during the 1940s. Razon (from "range and azimuth only") was a standard AN-M65 1,000-pound general-purpose bomb, the same basic ordnance unit used for its Azimuth-Only guided predecessor, the VB-1 Azon guided ordnance, with the Razon concept fitted with flight control surfaces that also enabled adjustment in the vertical plane, like the Luftwaffe's heavier Fritz X armored anti-ship guided ordnance. Development of the Razon began in 1942, but it did not see use during World War II although it was combat ready in the summer of 1945. The VB-4 used a 2,000-pound bomb.

## Development

In April 1942, the USAAF's Air Materiel Command [became part of ATSC (Air Technical Service Command) in 1944] began the development of the Azon family (VB-1 half-ton and VB-2 one-ton) guided bombs. Following on the VB-1 Azon bomb (azimuth-only), the Razons used two tandem annular wing assemblies, the aft assembly used for control. "The Razon guidance kit had two octagonal shrouds (similar to the 12-sided annular tail of the Fritz X guided ordnance) in a tandem arrangement. The most problematic part in Razon development was to build a suitably modified bombsight, which would allow the bombardier to correctly judge the bomb's deviation in range so that the range control could be used effectively." The guidance command link used up to 47 preset channels. Around 3,000 Razons were built during 1945. Azon and Razon testing continued through mid-1946 in the Mojave Desert of California.
In 1946, extensive tests were done on Razon by the Air Proving Ground Command, Eglin Field, Florida, "contemplating using the missile aboard all-weather bombers. Nothing materialized, however, until the Korean War when the Far East Air Forces ordered and used the Tarzon, a Tallboy-Razon combination."
In 1948, testing by the 1st Experimental Guided Missiles Group at Eglin still showed Razon to be far more accurate in azimuth than range. "For example, of the eight bombs tested in August 1948, fully three out of four had an azimuth error of zero, while the average range error was almost 200 feet. Only one of the eight scored a direct hit. Still, Razon bombing showed enough promise in early testing that approximately five hundred tail assemblies were produced by Union Switch and Signal Company and stockpiled, allowing their use in the early months of the Korean War."

## Operational use

The Razon weapon did not see significant use until the Korean War, where B-29s carrying up to 8 rounds were used to attack bridges in the early months of the war. Several hundred Razons "were dropped on North Korean bridges, and although the overall reliability of the bombs was rather low, some targets were actually destroyed. However, in general multiple hits by the small the 450 kg (1000 lb) bombs were needed to destroy a large bridge span, and the USAF's use of guided bombs for these special missions switched to the much larger VB-13/ASM-A-1 Tarzon." "Despite these difficulties, B-29 bombardiers destroyed 15 bridges with Razon bombs."
# Carlo Galli (diplomat)

Carlo Galli (Florence, 25 November 1878 – Venice, 12 January 1966) was an Italian diplomat, who served as Italian ambassador to Persia, Portugal, Yugoslavia and Turkey and as Minister of Popular Culture of the Kingdom of Italy in the Badoglio I Cabinet.

## Biography

After graduating in law from the University of Florence, in 1904 Galli started his diplomatic career at the Italian consulate in Trieste, where he remained for some years, helping fuel Italian irredentism (he himself was a convinced nationalist). In June 1911 he was appointed consul in Tripoli, where he helped prepare the Italian invasion of Libya, after which he returned to Trieste. He later held other consular posts abroad (and was a member of the International Control Commission in Albania in 1913) until the outbreak of the First World War, when he was transferred to the General Secretariat for Civil Affairs at the Supreme Command.
After the end of the war, from January 1919 to December 1922, he was sent to Paris and was part of the Italian delegation to the Versailles Peace Conference. In January 1923 he was appointed Consul General in Damascus, where he remained until April 1924, when he was appointed Ambassador to Teheran (Persia) for two years, having meanwhile joined the National Fascist Party. From November 1926 to May 1928 he served as Ambassador to Lisbon (Portugal), from June 1928 to December 1934 as Ambassador to Belgrade (Yugoslavia), and from January 1935 to June 1938 as Ambassador to Ankara (Turkey). During the 1930s he became increasingly detached from the Fascist regime, until he was retired in June 1938. In 1939 he joined the board of directors of Assicurazioni Generali, where he remained for some years.
After the fall of the regime on 25 July 1943 he returned to politics and in August he was appointed Minister of Popular Culture of the first Badoglio Government, formally holding the post from 15 August 1943 to 24 February 1944, although in reality he ceased from his functions following the armistice of Cassibile, as he did not follow the king and government in their flight from Rome to Brindisi and retired to private life in Venice. He was however wanted by the Italian Social Republic and was forced to go into hiding in Nerviano, hosted by his friend Paolo Caccia Dominioni, until in December 1944 he was arrested along with Caccia Dominoni himself and General Luigi Trionfi and imprisoned initially in San Vittore and later in Lumezzane, where he remained until April 1945. At the end of the war he was freed and was able to return to Venice, where he retired to private life.
# Sholokhovo, Chagodoshchensky District, Vologda Oblast

Sholokhovo (Russian: Шолохово) is a rural locality (a village) in Izboishchskoye Rural Settlement, Chagodoshchensky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 4 as of 2002.

## Geography

Sholokhovo is located 29 km (18 mi) south of Chagoda (the district's administrative centre) by road. Izboishchi is the nearest rural locality.
# Leptostylus angulicollis

Leptostylus angulicollis is a species of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1885, and is known from Guatemala and El Salvador.
# Storm (Assemblage 23 album)

Storm is the fourth album by the American electronic act Assemblage 23. It was released on September 28, 2004, on Metropolis Records and Accession Records. Storm is a much more layered album than any of Shear's previous work and the songs are much more optimistic in nature.

## Track listing

All songs written, performed and produced by Tom Shear
# Vena Kava

Vena Kava, born in the Carpathian region of Eastern Europe, is an American artist known mostly for her fantasy art photography and mixed media, singing, and modeling work. Kava originally studied experimental filmmaking at the prestigious San Francisco Art Institute. Kava currently lives in Montreal, Canada.

## Early years

Vena Kava was born in Zakopane, Poland where she spent most of her early childhood. When she was 7 years old her family moved to the United States where they have been ever since.

## Filmmaking

Kava became interested in the visual arts at college and started painting, taking classes at the Rhode Island School of Design. Becoming frustrated with what she saw as painting's limitation, she abandoned it and moved to Boston to attend Emerson College with a masters specialty in film production. Later in the year, being disappointed with the program, Kava moved to San Francisco and took up experimental and Avant-garde Filmmaking. She decided that the San Francisco Art Institute, a School known for its Laissez-faire attitude towards art, was the only school in America that can offer her the flexibility that she needed in order to fulfill her desire for true experimentation. "[T]here was so much potential I felt in San Francisco, the East Coast Art scene during this time was not really working for me.”
She spent the rest of her college career focused on Filmmaking being heavily influenced by filmmaker Kenneth Anger with films such as Lucifer Rising, Invocation of My Demon Brother, Scorpio Rising and also filmmaker George Kuchar who taught at SFAI. She also started taking classes in New Genre, which was a major available at the school. This short exploration opened up doors and led Vena Kava into the world of performance art.

## Awards

In 2005, Kava was the recipient of one of the prestigious STAND grants from The Film Arts Foundation for independent cinema. She made a short experimental film “She Blow Smoke,” which was highly influenced by Keneth Anger and highlighted some of her early frustrations and personal conflicts.

## Music

Kava's first band was WhipKraft which was San Francisco based, in which she led, performed, and sang. In the band released a Goth/Metal/ Experimental album titled “Welcome to the Chapel Perilous.” While she lived in Boston, she renamed WhipKraft as Killing Moon, a Death Metal band. Kava incorporating the death growl into her vocal style, which was also proved to be a big hit among her fans.
In 2012 Vena Kave moved to Montreal, Canada where she is currently the lead singer of Aversion, a black metal band.

## Photography

Having a love for all art, Kava experimented with many genres if art, but only a few of them stuck. Photography was one of them, when Kava discovered the beauty of the still image. “[I] have been feeling like everything is moving so fast lately, year after year, even film is too fast for me 24 frames per second is a lot of frames for the eye to consume. Photography was perfect, I can meditate on one frame for days and even months.” Kava works typically by photographing herself in a range of costumes, heavily influenced by Photographer Cindy Sherman.
# Jessie Rose Vala

Jessie Rose Vala (born 1977, Madison, Wisconsin) is an American installation artist working in drawing, painting, ceramic, paper sculpture, and video. She received an MFA from University of Oregon and a BFA in painting and ceramic sculpture from California College of the Arts in Oakland, California. Her work explores non-linear narratives and environments through an ongoing investigation of the shifting relationships to ourselves and our surroundings. Throughout her work is a questioning of the boundaries between animate and inanimate, the rational and the supernatural, science and spirituality. Installation and multi-channel video allows Vala’s work to negate hierarchy, allowing for multiplicity of connections and realities.
Vala is part of the collaboration Light Hits, creating installations, music, and videos with artist Kelie Bowman. In 2014 Vala started Ungrund Collective, showcasing videos of five contemporary artists working within similar humanistic inquiries. Vala’s work has been exhibited nationally and internationally including exhibitions in San Francisco, Miami, Portland, New York, Tokyo and Mexico.
# Golden Ticket Award for Best New Attraction Installation

The Golden Ticket Award for Best New Attraction Installation is presented by Amusement Today to the best new attraction installation in the amusement park industry.

## History

The Golden Ticket Awards have been presenting awards since 1998 acknowledging the amusement industry achievement in different categories. The Best New Attraction Installation award was introduced in 2019 and the first award was presented to Hagrid's Magical Creatures Motorbike Adventure at Universal Islands of Adventure. Before 2019, there was one award recognizing new attractions, which then was divided up to showcase more rides in the industry.
The award is based on the attraction's uniqueness, popularity, theming and effect on the industry.

## Attraction Installation recipients

| Year | Winner | Park | Other candidates |
| 2019 | Hagrid's Magical Creatures Motorbike Adventure | Universal Islands of Adventure | Steel Curtain at Kennywood Copperhead Strike at Carowinds Sesame Street: Street Mission at PortAventura World Zénith at Méga-Parc |
| 2021 | Star Wars: Rise of the Resistance | Disney's Hollywood Studios | VelociCoaster at Universal Islands of Adventure F.L.Y. at Phantasialand Mystic River Falls at Silver Dollar City The Ride to Happiness at Plopsaland De Panne |
| 2022 | Guardians of the Galaxy: Cosmic Rewind | Epcot | Kangaroo at Kennywood Dr. Diabolical's Cliffhanger at Six Flags Fiesta Texas Volkanu: Quest for the Golden Idol at Lost Island Theme Park Fireball at Adventureland |
| 2023 | ArieForce One | Fun Spot America Atlanta | Mario Kart: Bowser's Challenge at Universal Studios Hollywood Toutatis at Parc Astérix Leviathan at Sea World Big Bear Mountain at Dollywood |
| 2024 | Fire in the Hole | Silver Dollar City | Voltron Nevera at Europa-Park Bobcat at Six Flags Great Escape and Hurricane Harbor Primordial at Lagoon Good Gravy! at Holiday World & Splashin' Safari |
# Arachnoid trabeculae

The arachnoid trabeculae (AT) are delicate strands of connective tissue that loosely connect the two innermost layers of the meninges – the arachnoid mater and the pia mater. They are found within the subarachnoid space where cerebrospinal fluid is also found. Arachnoid trabeculae are also known as subarachnoid trabeculae (SAT) or leptomeningeal trabeculae.

## Structure

Human cranial arachnoid trabeculae are made mostly of type I collagen. A study of 7 post-mortem human brains found that average trabecula fiber width was 30μm, and the average volume fraction was 26%.
Arachnoid trabeculae are surrounded by fibroblast cells. There are five principal architectures of arachnoid trabeculae structures, whose shapes may be described as single strands, branched strands, tree-like shapes, sheets, and trabecular networks. Some authors describe the structures in the subarachnoid space as having three forms, namely "trabeculae", "septa" and "pillars".
The arachnoid trabeculae structures of humans and rats have been shown to have similar morphology. Therefore many studies of AT use rats instead of humans. Also AT embryology is similar in humans and mice.

## Function

The arachnoid trabeculae help limit displacement of the brain relative to the skull. The region-dependence of trabeculae volume fraction has a strong influence on the magnitude and distribution of brain deformation in the event of head impact.

## Development

Embryologically, the arachnoid trabeculae are the remnants of the common precursor that forms both the arachnoid and pial layers of the meninges. The initial development of the subarachnoid space occurs in two phases:
* A mesenchymal layer "invades" between the embryonic epithelium and the developing neuroepithelium of the telencephalon. The extracellular space is filled with GAG (glycosaminoglycan) gel.
* The trabecular structure arises from withdrawal of the GAG gel. This results in fluid-filled cavities with random spacing and size. The mesenchymal material between these cavities is the origin of the arachnoid trabeculae. The upper and lower surfaces of the layer become the arachnoid and pia mater membranes, to which the trabecular structure remains attached.
Above the subarachnoid space, collagen fibers from the trabeculae are attached to the arachnoid mater, reinforcing it with collagen to withstand fairly strong forces. Below the subarachnoid space, trabecular collagen passes through the pia mater and sub-pial space, and is attached to the basement membrane, beneath which it embeds itself in a layer of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.
# Sigurd Christian Brinch

Sigurd Christian Brinch (3 October 1874 – 1956) was a Norwegian manager and politician.
Brinch was born in Christiania to Johan Christian Hønen and Michaline Beate Flisager. He was director of the energy company Arendals Fossekompani from 1912, and resided in Arendal. He was elected representative to the Stortinget for the periods 1934–1936 and 1937–1945, for the Conservative Party. He died in 1956.
# Ruy Lopez, Noah's Ark Trap

The Noah's Ark Trap is a family of traps in the Ruy Lopez chess opening in which a white bishop is trapped on the b3-square by black pawns.
The origin of the name is uncertain. The shape of the black pawns on a6, b5, and c4 may resemble an ark, or the name may suggest that the trap is "as old as Noah's Ark".

## The trap

| | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | |
| 8 | | | | | | | | | 8 |
| 7 | | | | | | | | | 7 |
| 6 | | | | | | | | | 6 |
| 5 | | | | | | | | | 5 |
| 4 | | | | | | | | | 4 |
| 3 | | | | | | | | | 3 |
| 2 | | | | | | | | | 2 |
| 1 | | | | | | | | | 1 |
| | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | |
Chess masters have occasionally fallen victim to this trap. An example is a game between Endre Steiner and José Capablanca at the Budapest tournament in 1929:
    1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 d6 5. d4
Better moves for White are 5.c3, 5.Bxc6+, and 5.O-O.
    5... b5 6. Bb3 Nxd4 7. Nxd4 exd4 8. Qxd4??
Alexander Alekhine recommended this move in the tournament book for New York 1924 as a means for White to draw, but it is a mistake that loses material. White should instead play 8.Bd5 or try a gambit with 8.c3.
    8... c5 9. Qd5 Be6 10. Qc6+ Bd7 11. Qd5 c4 (see diagram)
The white king bishop is trapped. White resigned after 32 moves.

### In the Sicilian

A variation of this trap can occur in the Sicilian Defence after the moves 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 (the Rossolimo Variation) 3... a6 4. Ba4?? (4.Bxc6 is necessary and is the point of 3.Bb5) 4... b5 5. Bb3 c4 (see diagram). The bishop is similarly trapped.
| | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | |
| 8 | | | | | | | | | 8 |
| 7 | | | | | | | | | 7 |
| 6 | | | | | | | | | 6 |
| 5 | | | | | | | | | 5 |
| 4 | | | | | | | | | 4 |
| 3 | | | | | | | | | 3 |
| 2 | | | | | | | | | 2 |
| 1 | | | | | | | | | 1 |
| | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | |
# Barbara Barletta

Barbara A. Barletta (August 6, 1952 in Carmel, California – February 1, 2015 in Gainesville, Florida) was a prominent American Classical archaeologist and architectural historian.
Barletta earned a B.A. in Art History at the University of California Santa Barbara and M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in Classical and Near Eastern Archaeology at Bryn Mawr College. From the American Academy in Rome Barletta received the Andrew W. Mellon Fellowship in Classical Studies in 1990. She received a series of awards from the National Endowment for the Humanities, including an award to support research on the Temple of Athena at Suonion in 2009.
Barletta's scholarship, in particular, focused on the history of the Greek architectural orders. Scholarly reviews of her work on the origin of the Greek orders praised her scholarship for making unique and important contributions. This scholarship considered regionalism and its influence in the emergence of the canonical Greek architectural orders.

## Publications

* 1981. Ionic component in the monumental art of archaic Sicily Ph.D. dissertation, Bryn Mawr College.
* 1983. Ionic influence in Archaic Sicily : the monumental art. Gothenburg: P. Åström Forlag.
* 1990. "An "Ionian Sea" Style in Archaic Doric Architecture." American Journal of Archaeology 94.1:45-72.
* 1993. “Some Ionic Architectural Elements from Selinus in the Getty." In Studia Varia from the J. Paul Getty Museum: Volume 1.
* 1997. "The Draped Kouros Type and the Workshop of the Syracuse Youth." American Journal of Archaeology' '91.2:233-246.
* 1996. “The Campanian Tradition in Archaic Architecture,” Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome 41:1-67.
* 2001. The origins of the Greek architectural orders. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
* 2003. Review of L' Architecture grecque. Vol. 1, Les principes de la construction by M.-C. Hellman, American Journal of Archaeology 107.2:309-310.
* 2009. "In Defense of the Ionic Frieze of the Parthenon." American Journal of Archaeology 113.4:547-568.
* 2010. Review of Symbols of Wealth and Power: Architectural Terracotta Decoration in Etruria and Central Italy, 640–510 B.C. by Nancy Winter, American Journal of Archaeology 114.3.
* 2011. "Greek Architecture." American Journal of Archaeology 115.4:611-640.
* 2012. Review of Lydian Architecture: Ashlar Masonry Structures at Sardis By Christopher Ratté, American Journal of Archaeology 116.4
* Barbara A. Barletta; William B. Dinsmoor; Homer A. Thompson. 2014. The Sanctuary of Athena at Sounion. Princeton NJ: The American School of Classical Studies at Athens.

## Death

* Gainesville Sun February 9, 2015
# James Penrose Harland

James Penrose Harland (born February 5, 1891, in Wenonah, New Jersey, United States; Died February 7, 1973) was an American archaeologist of the ancient Aegean.
Harland earned his BA (1913), MA, and PhD from Princeton University and also completed service with the United States Navy during World War I. In addition to Princeton, he studied at the University of Bonn (1913–14). He would teach archaeology at the University of Michigan and the University of Cincinnati before joining the faculty of Classics at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1922 as an assistant professor of classics. Harland became associate professor of archaeology in 1927 and professor of archaeology in 1929. He retired in 1963.
From 1926 to 1927 Harland excavated Late Helladic II (15th century BC) layers on the island of Aigina, in Greece. His work in those years was funded by the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. In 1920-21 he held a fellowship at the American School of Classical Studies in Athens, Greece.

## Works

* Prehistoric Aigina, A History of the Island in the Bronze Age (1925; 1966).
# Mi Vida Eres Tú (album)

Mi Vida Eres Tú (My Life Is You) is the ninth studio album by Mexican grupera band Los Temerarios, released in 1992. It was nominated for Regional Mexican Album of the Year at the 1993 Lo Nuestro Awards.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Adolfo Angel Alva

## Album certification

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum (Latin) | 100,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# John Lloyd (archaeologist)

John Lloyd (29 April 1948 - 30 May 1999) was a British classical archaeologist.

## Early life and education

Lloyd was born in Broughty Ferry, Scotland on 29 April 1948. He read English at the University of Manchester, but became interested in archaeology by volunteering at excavations led by Barri Jones, a professor of archaeology at Manchester, in Northeast England and Wales.

## Career

While working at Cambridge University Press as a trainee editor upon graduation, Lloyd spent his spare time at excavations. During a project in Benghazi in 1972, the Society for Libyan Studies asked him to become the field director for their excavations at Sidi Khrebish.
Lloyd became a lecturer in classical archaeology at the University of Sheffield in 1977. He left Sheffield for the Institute of Archaeology at Oxford University in 1988 and became a fellow of Wolfson College, Oxford. In 1994 Lloyd, alongside fellow Oxford archaeologist Gary Lock and others, initiated the Sangro Valley Project, an archaeological excavation in Abruzzo, Italy. He also held various leadership roles in the British School at Rome, editing several editions of its Papers and numerous monographs as chairman of its publication committees.

## Personal life

Lloyd married Vicky Doughty in 1976, they had one son and one daughter. On 30 May 1999, Lloyd died of a brain tumour in Oxford.