# Geography of rugby league

Rugby league is a full contact football code and spectator sport played in various countries around the world. It is govererned globally by the International Rugby League (IRL; previously referred to as the Rugby League International Federation).
The IRL divides governance of the sport across two confederations governing Asia-Pacific (APRL) and Europe (ERL). The ERL further contains two sub-branches governing The Americas and Middle East and Africa.
Although one of the later football codes to be developed, the game has expanded outside of its traditionals heartlands in Australia, Northern England, Southern France, and New Zealand. As a result, many players of European, and Pacific Islander background have risen to the top professional level in the two major domestic leagues, the National Rugby League and Super League.
Whilst individual international test matches between nations have been staged regularly since 1907, the first world cup of the sport was held in France in 1954, making it the first world cup of either rugby code and the first to be officially known as the "Rugby World Cup".
Full and affiliate members are eligible for the Rugby League World Cup. However, due to the late rescheduling of the 2026 Rugby League World Cup, only full members will be allowed to compete in the next edition.

## Americas

Rugby league is a growing sport in the Americas, having first started with All Star exhibition matches in the 1950s. It has been played at an organised semi-professional level in North America since it was first introduced as a competition sport in the 1990s. There are currently domestic leagues operating in Jamaica, Canada and the United States. Many players of Caribbean heritage live and play in the Super League and have brought their skills back to the islands to foster the development of thousands of new players. The game is also played at a lower amateur level across the Americas by ex-patriates although only recognised national organisations are listed here for brevity.
Canada currently has two domestic competitions, Ontario and British Columbia, with British Columbia being the premier competition with also the most teams. British Columbia Rugby League (BCRL) also has a provincial team known as the BC Bulldogs. In 2012, the BC Bulldogs competed against Utah Avalanche from Salt Lake who currently play in the AMNRL. The game was contested over two legs, home and away, with BC taking both games. The BC Bulldogs also made an appearance at the Las Vegas Remembrance Cup and come third. Coogee Bay Dolphins from Australia took out the competition for the second time in a row.
In 2013, BCRL will be made up of 6 teams, namely Bayside Sharks, Kelowna Crows, Richmond Bears, Sea to Sky Eagles, Surrey Beavers and Vancouver Dragons.
Brazil has also taken up the sport in 2013.
Since 2013 the Latin Heat Rugby League has had moderate success in introducing rugby League to players with Latin American heritage living in Australia. In 2014 the Latin Heat opened a U.S chapter.
| Country | Overview | National team | Status | Governing Body | Main league competition(s) | Best International Performance |
| Argentina | Rugby league in Argentina | Penguins | Observer | Argentina Rugby XIII | In Development | |
| Brazil | Rugby league in Brazil | Carcarás (M) / Amazonas (W) | Affiliate | Brazil Rugby League Confederation | Premiership | |
| Canada | Rugby league in Canada | Wolverines (M) / Ravens (W) | Affiliate | Canada Rugby League | North American Rugby League | Emerging Nations' Fifth Place |
| Chile | Rugby league in Chile | Caciques | Affiliate | Chile Rugby League Federation | In development | |
| Colombia | Rugby league in Colombia | Hermanos Colombianos | Observer | | | |
| Ecuador | Rugby league in Ecuador | Ecuador XIII | Observer | | | |
| El Salvador | Rugby league in El Salvador | Trueno Azul | Observer | ESRL | | |
| Jamaica | Rugby league in Jamaica | Reggae Warriors | Member | Jamaica Rugby League Association | Jamaica National League | Group Stages / 1× Americas Champion |
| Mexico | Rugby league in Mexico | Mexico | Observer | | | |
| Peru | Rugby league in Peru | Emperadores | Observer | | | |
| United States | Rugby league in the United States | Hawks | Affiliate | USARL | North American Rugby League | 1× Quarter Finalists / Emerging Nations' Third Place / 2× Americas Champion |
| Uruguay | Rugby league in Uruguay | Gauchos | Observer | | | |
| West Indies | Rugby league in the West Indies | The Wahoos | Observer | West Indies Rugby League Federation | | |

## Asia-Pacific

Rugby league is a popular sport in Oceania and the Pacific islands. Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea are the main nations playing rugby league in Oceania.
The Cook Islands, Tonga, Samoa and Fiji are also RLIF test nations. Affiliate nations include Vanuatu, American Samoa, New Caledonia, Niue and Tokelau. The Solomon Islands also have some history of the sport.
Pacific
| Country | Overview | National team | Status | Governing Body | Main league competition(s) | Best International Performance |
| Australia | Rugby league in Australia | Kangaroos | Member | Australian Rugby League | National Rugby League | Champions (1957, 1968, 1970, 1975, 1977, 1985–88, 1989–92, 1995, 2000, 2013, 2017, 2021)Runners-up (1960, 1972, 2008) |
| Cook Islands | Rugby league in the Cook Islands | Kukis | Member | Cook Islands Rugby League | | Group Stages / Emerging Nations's Champions |
| Fiji | Rugby league in Fiji | Bati | Member | Fiji National Rugby League | Fiji National Rugby League Competition | 3× Semi-finalists |
| New Zealand | Rugby league in New Zealand | Kiwis | Member | New Zealand Rugby League | National Competition | Champions (2008)Runners-up (1985–88, 2000, 2013) |
| Niue | Rugby league in Niue | The Rock | Observer | | | Emerging Nations' Runners-up |
| Norfolk Island | Rugby league in Norfolk Island | Pine Trees | Observer | Australian Rugby League Commission | | |
| Papua New Guinea | Rugby league in Papua New Guinea | Kumuls | Member | Papua New Guinea Rugby Football League | Papua New Guinea National Rugby League | 1× Semi-finalists |
| Solomon Islands | Rugby league in the Solomon Islands | Solies | Observer | Solomon Islands Rugby League Federation | | |
| Samoa | Rugby league in Samoa | Toa Samoa | Member | Rugby League Samoa | | Runners-up (2021) |
| Tonga | Rugby league in Tonga | Mate Ma'a Tonga | Member | Tonga National Rugby League | Tongan National Rugby League | 1× Semi-finalists / Pacific Cup Runners-up |
| Vanuatu | Rugby league in Vanuatu | Vanuatu | Observer | Vanuatu Rugby League | | |
Asia
| Country | Overview | National team | Status | Governing Body | Main league competition(s) | Best International Performance |
| China | Rugby league in China | China | Observer | China Rugby League | | |
| Hong Kong | Rugby league in Hong Kong | Hong Kong | Observer | | | |
| Indonesia | Rugby league in Indonesia | Indonesia | Observer | Indonesia Rugby League | Bali 9's/West Papua | |
| Japan | Rugby league in Japan | Samurais | Observer | Japanese Rugby League Association | Japanese Rugby League | Emerging Nations's Sixth Place |
| Philippines | Rugby league in the Philippines | Tamaraws | Observer | Philippines National Rugby League | | |
| Thailand | Rugby league in Thailand | Thailand Stars | Observer | Thai Rugby League | | |

## Europe

Europe is the birth place of rugby league with the game originating in Northern England. The sport is played at amateur level in most European countries although only England, Wales, and France have professional or semi-professional clubs. These three countries were the original members of the Rugby League European Championship.
The Great Britain national rugby league team is the most successful side having won three world cups, however since 1995 the team has split in favour of home nations national sides.
Domestically, the Super League (Great Britain) is the only professional league on the continent however the RFL Championship, RFL League 1, RFL Women's Super League (all Great Britain), and Elite One Championship, and Elite Two Championship (both France) are semi-professional to varying extents.
| Country | Country | Overview | Overview | National team | National team | Status | Status | Governing Body | Governing Body | Main league competition(s) | Main league competition(s) | Best International Performance | Best International Performance |
| Albania | Albania | Rugby league in Albania | Rugby league in Albania | Albania | Albania | Observer | Observer | | | | | | |
| Belgium | Belgium | Rugby league in Belgium | Rugby league in Belgium | Belgium | Belgium | Observer | Observer | | | | | | |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Rugby league in Bosnia and Herzegovina | Rugby league in Bosnia and Herzegovina | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Observer | Observer | | | | | | |
| Bulgaria | Bulgaria | Rugby league in Bulgaria | Rugby league in Bulgaria | Bulgaria | Bulgaria | Observer | Observer | | | | | | |
| Czech Republic | Czech Republic | Rugby league in the Czech Republic | Rugby league in the Czech Republic | Czech Republic | Czech Republic | Affiliated | Affiliated | Czech Rugby League Association | Czech Rugby League Association | | | 2× European C League Champion | 2× European C League Champion |
| Denmark | Denmark | Rugby league in Denmark | Rugby league in Denmark | Denmark | Denmark | Observer | Observer | | | | | | |
| France | France | Rugby league in France | Rugby league in France | Chanticleers | Chanticleers | Member | Member | French Rugby League Federation | French Rugby League Federation | Elite One Championship Elite Two Championship | Elite One Championship Elite Two Championship | Runners-up (1954, 1968)9× European A League Champion | Runners-up (1954, 1968)9× European A League Champion |
| Great Britain | England | Rugby league in the British Isles | in England | Lions | Lions | Members | Members | Rugby Football League | Rugby Football League | Super League Championship League 1 | Super League Championship League 1 | Champions (1954, 1960, 1972) Runners-up (1957, 1970, 1977, 1989–92) | Runners-up (1975, 1995, 2017)14× European A League Champion |
| Great Britain | Scotland | Rugby league in the British Isles | in Scotland | Lions | Bravehearts | Members | Members | Rugby Football League | Scotland Rugby League | Super League Championship League 1 | Super League Championship League 1 | Champions (1954, 1960, 1972) Runners-up (1957, 1970, 1977, 1989–92) | 1× Quarter Finalists / 1× European A League Champion |
| Great Britain | Wales | Rugby league in the British Isles | in Wales | Lions | Dragons | Members | Members | Rugby Football League | Wales Rugby League | Super League Championship League 1 | Super League Championship League 1 | Champions (1954, 1960, 1972) Runners-up (1957, 1970, 1977, 1989–92) | 3× Semi-finalists / 7× European A League Champion |
| Germany | Germany | Rugby league in Germany | Rugby league in Germany | Germany | Germany | Affiliated | Affiliated | Nationaler Rugby League Deutschland | Nationaler Rugby League Deutschland | | | 2× European B League Champion | 2× European B League Champion |
| Georgia | Georgia | Rugby league in Georgia | Rugby league in Georgia | 13 Georgians | 13 Georgians | Observer | Observer | Georgia Rugby League | Georgia Rugby League | | | | |
| Greece | Greece | Rugby league in Greece | Rugby league in Greece | Titans | Titans | Affiliated | Affiliated | Greek Rugby League | Greek Rugby League | | | Group Stages / Emerging Nations' Semi-finalists / 2× European C League Champion | Group Stages / Emerging Nations' Semi-finalists / 2× European C League Champion |
| Hungary | Hungary | Rugby league in Hungary | Rugby league in Hungary | Hungary | Hungary | Observer | Observer | | | | | Emerging Nations' Semi-finalists | Emerging Nations' Semi-finalists |
| Ireland ( Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland) | Ireland ( Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland) | Rugby league in Ireland | Rugby league in Ireland | Wolfhounds | Wolfhounds | Member | Member | Rugby League Ireland | Rugby League Ireland | Irish Elite League | Irish Elite League | 2× Quarter Finalists/Semi-final play-offs / Emerging Nations's Runners-up | 2× Quarter Finalists/Semi-final play-offs / Emerging Nations's Runners-up |
| Italy | Italy | Rugby league in Italy | Rugby league in Italy | Azzurri | Azzurri | Member | Member | Federazione Italiana Rugby League | Federazione Italiana Rugby League | | | Group Stages / Emerging Nations's Runners-up / 2× European B League Champion | Group Stages / Emerging Nations's Runners-up / 2× European B League Champion |
| Latvia | Latvia | Rugby league in Latvia | Rugby league in Latvia | Latvia | Latvia | Observer | Observer | | | | | 1× European C League Champion | 1× European C League Champion |
| Malta | Malta | Rugby league in Malta | Rugby league in Malta | l-Kavallieri | l-Kavallieri | Affiliated | Affiliated | Maltese Rugby League Association | Maltese Rugby League Association | | | Emerging Nations' Champion / 1× European C League Champion | Emerging Nations' Champion / 1× European C League Champion |
| Norway | Norway | Rugby league in Norway | Rugby league in Norway | Vikings | Vikings | Affiliated | Affiliated | The Norwegian Rugby Federation | The Norwegian Rugby Federation | | | | |
| Poland | Poland | Rugby league in Poland | Rugby league in Poland | Poland | Poland | Observer | Observer | Polska Rugby XIII | Polska Rugby XIII | Mistrzostwa Polski w rugby league | Mistrzostwa Polski w rugby league | Emerging Nations' Trophy winners | Emerging Nations' Trophy winners |
| Russia | Russia | Rugby league in Russia | Rugby league in Russia | Bears | Bears | Member | Member | Russian Rugby League | Russian Rugby League | | | Group Stages / 2× European B League Champion | Group Stages / 2× European B League Champion |
| Serbia | Serbia | Rugby league in Serbia | Rugby league in Serbia | White Eagles | White Eagles | Member | Member | Serbian Rugby League | Serbian Rugby League | | | 2× European B League Champion | 2× European B League Champion |
| Spain | Spain | Rugby league in Spain | Rugby league in Spain | Spain | Spain | Affiliated | Affiliated | Spanish Rugby League Association | Spanish Rugby League Association | | | 1× European C League Champion | 1× European C League Champion |
| Sweden | Sweden | Rugby league in Sweden | Rugby league in Sweden | Sweden | Sweden | Observer | Observer | | | | | | |
| Turkey | Turkey | Rugby league in Turkey | Rugby league in Turkey | Turkey | Turkey | Affiliated | Affiliated | Turkish Rugby League Association | Turkish Rugby League Association | | | | |
| Ukraine | Ukraine | Rugby league in Ukraine | Rugby league in Ukraine | Ukraine | Ukraine | Member | Member | Ukrainian Federation of Rugby League | Ukrainian Federation of Rugby League | | | 3× European C League Champion | 3× European C League Champion |

## Middle East-Africa

Rugby league is a growing sport in Africa and the Middle East, with a large growth in players since the 1990s, some of which have played at the game's elite levels in the National Rugby League and Super League. The game in the Middle East is one of the fastest growing sports with regular internationals played against European and Mediterranean teams.
Rugby league is a growing sport in Africa, with the game first introduced to the continent in early 2017. The vast distance of teams from the game's heartlands has at times affected the development of the sport but new advances in the 21st century have seen a major increase in the number of internationals scheduled. Many high calibre players from the continent have progressed to the top club leagues, including Younes Khattabi, Jamal Fakir, Tom van Vollenhoven, Fred Griffiths and Jarrod Saffy. The large ex-patriate Moroccan population in the south of France has resulted in a growing interchange of players between the two countries. Rugby league in Africa is played in South Africa, Gambia, Morocco, Burundi, Nigeria and Ghana.
| Country | Overview | National team | Status | Governing Body | Main league competition(s) | Best International Performance |
| Burundi | Rugby league in Burundi | Ama Suguru | Observer | Burundi Rugby League Association | | |
| Cameroon | Rugby league in Cameroon | Cameroon | Observer | | | |
| DR Congo | Rugby league in DR Congo | DR Congo | Observer | | | |
| Ethiopia | Rugby league in Ethiopia | Ethiopia | Observer | Ethiopia Rugby League Association | | |
| Gambia | Rugby league in Gambia | Gambia | Observer | | | |
| Ghana | Rugby league in Ghana | Stars | Affiliate | Ghana Rugby League | | |
| Lebanon | Rugby league in Lebanon | The Cedars | Member | Lebanese Rugby League Federation | Bank of Beirut Championship | 3× Quarter Finalists |
| Libya | Rugby league in Libya | Libya | Observer | | | |
| Morocco | Rugby league in Morocco | Maroc | Observer | Maroc Rugby League | Maroc University League | Emerging Nations's Fourth Place |
| Nigeria | Rugby league in Nigeria | Greens | Affiliate | Nigeria Rugby League | | 1× Africa and Middle East Champion |
| Pakistan | Rugby league in Pakistan | Pakistan | Observer | | | |
| Palestine | Rugby league in Palestine | Palestine | Observer | | | |
| Saudi Arabia | Rugby league in Saudi Arabia | KSA | Observer | | | |
| Sierra Leone | Rugby league in Sierra Leone | Sierra Leone | Observer | | | |
| South Africa | Rugby league in South Africa | The Rhinos | Member | South African Rugby League | Tom van Vollenhoven Cup | Group Stages / 2× Africa and Middle East Champion |
| South Sudan | Rugby league in South Sudan | South Sudan | Observer | | | |
| United Arab Emirates | Rugby league in UAE | Falcons | Observer | Emirates Rugby League | | |

## Non-IRL associated

| Team | IRL associate | Overview | National team | Governing Body | Main league competition(s) |
| Aboriginal Australians | Australia | | Indigenous All Stars | | |
| New South Wales | Australia | Rugby league in New South Wales | Blues | New South Wales Rugby League | NSW Cup |
| Queensland | Australia | Rugby league in Queensland | Maroons | Queensland Rugby League | Queensland Cup |
| Victoria | Australia | Rugby league in Victoria | | | |
| Lancashire | Great Britain / England | Rugby league in Lancashire | Lancashire | Rugby Football League | RFL Lancashire League |
| Yorkshire | Great Britain / England | Rugby league in Yorkshire | Yorkshire | Rugby Football League | RFL Yorkshire League |
| Cumbria | Great Britain / England | | Cumbria | Rugby Football League | |
| Māori | New Zealand | | New Zealand Māori | | |
| Tokelau | New Zealand | Rugby league in Tokelau | Tokelu | Tokelau Rugby League | |
| Catalonia | Spain | Rugby league in Catalonia | Catalonia | Associació Catalana de Rugby Lliga | |