OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Samadhi (1950 film)

Samadhi is a 1950 Indian Hindi-language spy film directed by Ramesh Saigal. A box office success, the film was the highest earning film of 1950, earning an approximate gross of Rs. 1,35,00,000 and a net of Rs. 75,00,000.

## Plot

Subhas Chandra Bose gives a call to the youth to join his Indian National Army (INA) to liberate India from the British. While in Malaya, Bose raises money by auctioning his garland. Young Shekhar buys it, and is so impressed that he also joins the INA. Significantly, he has a blind father Badri Prasad, and a young brother, Pratap whom he leaves alone.
This is not liked by his elder brother Suresh, who is an officer in the British Indian Army army. Suresh is in love with Dolly D'Souza, who poses as a singer, but actually is a British spy. Dolly has a younger sister, Lily. Shekhar falls in love with Lily, when he watches the sisters dance to the memorable “Gore Gore O Banke Chore”.

## Cast

* Ashok Kumar as Shekhar
* Nalini Jaywant as Lily D'Souza
* Kuldip Kaur as Dolly D'Souza
* Shyam as Suresh
* Mubarak as Boss
* S. L. Puri
* Badri Prasad as Ram Prasad
* Shashi Kapoor as Pratap
* N. Kabir
* Collins as "Netaji" Subhas Chandra Bose

## Soundtrack

Lyrics were written by Rajinder Krishan. The song "Gore Gore O Banke Chore" is based on "Chico Chico from Puerto Rico" from the 1945 American film Doll Face.
| Song | Singer |
| "Gore Gore O Banke Chore, Kabhi Meri Gali Aaya Karo" | Amirbai Karnataki, Lata Mangeshkar |
| "Woh Paas Aa Rahe Hai" | Lata Mangeshkar |
| "Abhi Shaam Aayegi" | Lata Mangeshkar |
| "Idhar Mohabbat" | Shamshad Begum |
| "Netaji Ka Jeevan Hai" | C. Ramchandra |
| "Kadam Kadam Badhaye Ja" | C. Ramchandra |
# Paul Linger

Paul Linger (20 December 1974 – 1 October 2021) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League as a midfielder for Charlton Athletic, Leyton Orient and Brighton & Hove Albion. He went on to play non-League football for clubs including Welling United, Billericay Town, Braintree Town, Purfleet/Thurrock, East Thurrock United, Wingate and Finchley, Chelmsford City, Redbridge, and Dover Athletic.
Linger represented the United Kingdom at the 2005 Maccabiah Games.
On 1 October 2021, Linger died of pancreatic cancer at the age of 46. He was diagnosed with the disease earlier in the year.
# Paul Ooghe

Paul Ooghe (17 May 1899 – 8 September 2001) was a Belgian soldier who, and at the time of his death, was incorrectly believed to be the last surviving Belgian soldier to have seen combat in World War I. The actual last surviving veteran, Cyrillus-Camillus Barbary, who had emigrated to the United States, died in 2004.

## World War I service

In 1916, he escaped from German-occupied Belgium and traveled to the Netherlands, England, and finally France to join the Belgian Army which was fighting at a northern section of the Western Front known as the Yser Front. Ooghe lied about his age and enlisted at 16. He served with the 5th Lancers Regiment and later the 1st Grenadiers Regiment.
As he was in charge of the maintenance of the telephone and telegraph lines, Ooghe was often in the front line, also involved in action. At the end of March 1917, he participated in an attack against a German bunker in Rekkem and was very nearly killed. On 11 November 1918, while on duty and eager to celebrate the armistice, the Germans bombarded the positions where Ooghe was stationed and ten of his companions perished before the bugle sounded the end of the conflict. This was a traumatic experience that Ooghe would not forget.

## Post War activities

Ooghe was a recipient of numerous honors and awards and was until his death often regarded as the last living Belgian survivor of World War I. He was a regular participant in the annual commemorations of the war and was often willing to speak at length about his experiences and the futility of conflict. His aim was to infuse a civic sense in young people, as well as the importance of keeping the memory of the conflict alive.

## Death

Ooghe died on 8 September 2001 due to weakness after having suffered from bronchitis for several months. He was 102 years old. Up until a short time before his death, he was widely announced as being the last surviving Belgian World War I veteran. The last Belgian veteran of the war, Cyrillus-Camillus Barbary, died in the United States in 2004.
# Paul Lyons (footballer)

Paul Lyons (born 24 June 1977) is an English former footballer who played as a defender or midfielder.
Lyons was part of the Youth Training Scheme at Manchester United and played alongside players like Phil Neville, David Johnson and Phil Mulryne. In August 1994, he signed a professional contract with United but until his departure a year later he played no role in the first team and did not take part in the successful FA Youth Cup team of 1994–95.
In July 1995, he went for a trial with Third Division side Rochdale and was signed. In the spring of 1996, he made three appearances in the league. That summer, he received a short-term professional contract, but the 1996–97 season saw him no longer part of the matchday squad under new manager Graham Barrow and he left the club during the season.
# Jan Verroken

Jan Verroken (30 January 1917 – 24 July 2020) was a Belgian politician.

## Biography

Born on 30 January 1917, Verroken served as burgomaster of Oudenaarde, President of the Christelijke Volkspartij in the Belgian Parliament, and a Deputy for the Oudenaarde constituency. He was also a member of the European Parliament and served on the Benelux Parliament.
Verroken was detested in Wallonia, the francophone part of Belgium. During the Split of the Catholic University of Leuven Flemish students chanted "Walen buiten" (Walloons out), a slogan coined by Verroken. The university was split into the KU Leuven and the Université catholique de Louvain. In a 2016 interview with Pierre Havaux, Verroken minimized his role in these events, as well as downplaying the separatist tendency of Flemish demands, saying that there was "never in Flanders a project of form a separatist government, as was the case in Wallonia during the Royal Question".
# Dobrynya

Dobrynya (Russian: Добрыня, Ukrainian: Добриня) was Vladimir the Great's maternal uncle and tutor. He was the historical prototype of the invincible bogatyr called Dobrynya Nikitich who appears in Russian folklore (byliny).
Dobrynya's life and extent of his influence on Vladimir are shrouded in speculation and controversy. It is fairly certain that his sister Malusha was Vladimir's mother. It is also generally accepted that Dobrynya's posadnik dynasty in Novgorod was continued by his son Konstantin Dobrynich and grandson Ostromir.
According to the Novgorod chronicles, it was at his urging that Sviatoslav I sent his illegitimate son, Vladimir, to govern Novgorod, with Dobrynya as his tutor. Nine years later, Dobrynya persuaded Vladimir to wrest Kiev from his brother Yaropolk. On their way to Kiev, Yaropolk's bride, Rogneda of Polotsk, offended Dobrynya by calling his sister a "bondswoman". Dobrynya took his revenge by arranging Rogneda's rape by Vladimir.
After Vladimir's enthronement in Kiev, Dobrynya returned to rule Novgorod in his name. He accompanied his nephew in the 985 expedition against Volga Bulgaria and, following his lead, erected an idol of Perun on the bank of the Volkhov River. After the Baptism of Kiev, he is said to have forced the Novgorodians into Christianity "by fire". Vasily Tatishchev wrote that Dobrynya, along with Bishop Ioakim Korsunianin, faced a violent, pagan mob which burned Dobrynya's house and killed his wife and several other family members.
# Bilboa

Bilboa (Irish: Biolbó) is a settlement located on the boundaries of counties Carlow, Laois and Kilkenny in Ireland. A bridge, a short distance from the village and built c. 1800, is known as the 'Three Counties Bridge'.
The little settlement at Bilboa was originally based around coal and coal mining. Of the original mining village, only the church remains. Bilboá's Church of Ireland church is a detached three-bay Tudor Revival church, built in 1846. It has a crenellated entrance tower and granite dressings including clasping buttresses on octagonal plans. The interior retains its original pews.
The origins of the name Bilboa are reputedly associated with a Colonel John Staunton Rochford (1802-1844) who, according to some sources, is credited with an act of valour while stationed with the British Army near the Spanish city of Bilboa. He became known as Rochford of Bilboa, where as his family before him were the Rochfords of Clogrennene. Later members of his family were involved in the building of Bilboa church c. 1850. Since then, the area has been known as Bilboa.
The area is home to a windfarm, a national (primary) school and an An Post post office.
# Janus integer

Janus integer, the currant stem girdler, is a species of stem sawfly in the family Cephidae native to North America.
# Carel van den Berg

Carel Benjamin van den Berg (12 February 1924 – 29 June 1971) was a Dutch chess International Master (IM) (1963).

## Biography

Carel van den Berg spent his childhood in Leiden, where he also attended the Stedelijk Gymnasium. Van den Berg studied in Delft University between 1942 and 1944, after the Second World War briefly in Amsterdam and then philosophy in University of Groningen.
Carel van den Berg was a well-known tournament chess player and international chess master (1963). He won Dutch Correspondence Chess Championship in 1943 and won the Daniël Noteboom memorial tournaments four times: in 1948, 1953, 1954 and 1959. Carel van den Berg was also a chess theorist and edited Losbladige Schaakberichten. He collaborated with Max Euwe in Candidates Tournament (Zürich, 1953) and on the books Theorie der Schaakopeningen series.
Carel van den Berg played for Netherlands in the Chess Olympiad:
* In 1958, at fourth board in the 13th Chess Olympiad in Munich (+2, =5, -4).
Carel van den Berg played for Netherlands in the European Team Chess Championship:
* In 1965, at third board in the 3rd European Team Chess Championship in Hamburg (+1, =2, -5).
Carel van den Berg played for Netherlands in the European Team Chess Championship preliminaries:
* In 1957, at eighth board in the 1st European Team Chess Championship preliminaries (+1, =0, -1),
* In 1965, at sixth board in the 3rd European Team Chess Championship preliminaries (+1, =1, -0).
Carel van den Berg played for Netherlands in the Clare Benedict Chess Cups:
* In 1956, at fourth board in the 3rd Clare Benedict Chess Cu in Lenzerheide (+2, =2, -1) and won team silver and individual gold medals,
* In 1957, at third board in the 4th Clare Benedict Chess Cup in Bern (+2, =1, -2) and won team silver medal,
* In 1958, at fourth board in the 5th Clare Benedict Chess Cup in Neuchâtel (+0, =3, -1),
* In 1963, at second board in the 10th Clare Benedict Chess Cup in Lucerne (+1, =4, -0) and won team silver medal,
* In 1965, at third board in the 12th Clare Benedict Chess Cup in West Berlin (+1, =3, -1) and won team bronze medal.
# Annino, Cherepovetsky District, Vologda Oblast

Annino (Russian: Аннино) is a rural locality (a selo) in Voskresenskoye Rural Settlement, Cherepovetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 38 as of 2002.

## Geography

Annino is located 67 km (42 mi) northwest of Cherepovets (the district's administrative centre) by road. Trofimovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Kurt İsmail Hakkı Pasha

Kurt İsmail Hakkı Pasha (1818–1897) was an Ottoman field marshal, who participated in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78.
# Gogne Subregion

Gogne Subregion is a subregion in the western Gash-Barka region of Eritrea. Its capital lies at Gogne.

## Towns and villages

* Ad Casub
* Gogne
* Hambok
* Markaughe
# Yeğenli, Bartın

Yeğenli is a village in the Bartın District, Bartın Province, Turkey. Its population is 700 (2021).
# John William Theodore Youngs

John William Theodore Youngs (usually cited as J. W. T. Youngs, known as Ted Youngs; 21 August 1910 Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India – 20 July 1970 Santa Cruz, California) was an American mathematician.
Youngs was the son of a missionary. He completed his undergraduate study at Wheaton College and received his PhD from Ohio State University in 1934 under Tibor Radó. He then taught for 18 years at Indiana University, where for eight years he was chair of the mathematics department. From 1964, he was a professor at the University of California, Santa Cruz, where he developed the mathematics faculty and was chair of the academic senate of the university.
Youngs worked in geometric topology, for example, questions on the Frechét-equivalence of topological maps. He is famous for the Ringel–Youngs theorem (i.e. Ringel and Youngs's 1968 proof of the Heawood conjecture), which is closely related to the analogue of the four-color theorem for surfaces of higher genus.
John Youngs was a consultant for Sandia National Laboratories, the Rand Corporation and the Institute for Defense Analyses as well as a trustee for Carver Research Foundation Institute in Tuskegee. In 1946–1947, he was a Guggenheim Fellow. At the University of Santa Cruz, a mathematics prize for undergraduates in named after him.

## Sources

* Obituary in Journal of Combinatorial Theory, vol 13, 1972
# Robin Allison

Robin Allison is a New Zealand architect and the designer of a co-housing community in west Auckland. The community is New Zealand's first purpose-built co-housing development.

## Biography

Allison grew up in Bucklands Beach, Auckland. In 1973, she moved to Dunedin to study medicine at the University of Otago. She soon changed to study anthropology and psychology and then left university the following year. After some years working and travelling overseas, she moved back to Auckland and enrolled in architecture at the University of Auckland, starting her course in 1980.
Allison had two children while studying, and completed her degree in 1986. After graduating, she tutored in solar design at the University of Auckland. From 1990 to 1992, Allison worked for Housing New Zealand and wrote the guidelines for thermal performance and environmental performance for Housing New Zealand's revised code for the design of their housing units.
In 1993 she established her own sustainable architecture practice. Her residential projects featured passive solar building design principles and were designed using earth and untreated timber framing.
In 1995, Allison initiated a project to develop a co-housing development located in Rānui, West Auckland, called Earthsong. She developed the project vision and group agreements around decision-making, group process and eco-design, as well as the construction aspects of managing contracts, budgets and detailed oversight of the building. The project was completed in 2008. In 2020, she published a book describing the process of developing the community.
Allison is a fellow of the New Zealand Social Entrepreneur Fellowship.

### Publications

* Allison R. (2020). Cohousing for life: a practical and personal story of Earthsong Eco-neighbourhood. Mary Egan Publishing.
# Matonabbee

Matonabbee (c. 1737–1782) was a Chipewyan hunter and leader. He was also a trader and a Chipewyan representative at the Prince of Wales Fort. He travelled with Chief Akaitcho's older brother, Keskarrah. After his father died, Matonabbee spent some time living at Prince of Wales Fort where he learned to speak English.
He acted as a guide for Samuel Hearne during his exploration from 1770 to 1772, together they travelled more than 5,600 km (3,500 mi). On July 14, 1771, while on an Arctic overland journey, he, his followers, and a group of Yellowknives, Dene Suline, also known as Chepewyan, who had joined them at Clowey Lake, massacred a group of over 20 unsuspecting Inuinnait, also known as Copper Inuit; this would be known as the Bloody Falls massacre.
A combination of the deaths of many Chipewyans during a smallpox epidemic of 1782, and the defeat of Fort Prince of Wales by the French in the same year, caused Matonabbee to become depressed. Fort Prince of Wales had been the primary source of his fortune and fame and he had been the main middleman between the various tribes of the Cree and the Hudson's Bay Company. He then committed suicide by hanging himself, thus being the earliest record of a northern First Nations to kill himself.

## Literature

* Strother Roberts (June 2007). "The life and death of Matonabbee: fur trade and leadership among the Chipewyan, 1736–1782". Manitoba History (55). Manitoba Historical Society. S2CID 165515367.
# Zagorye, Chagodoshchensky District, Vologda Oblast

Zagorye (Russian: Загорье) is a rural locality (a village) in Belokrestskoye Rural Settlement, Chagodoshchensky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 10 as of 2002.

## Geography

Zagorye is located 21 km (13 mi) southwest of Chagoda (the district's administrative centre) by road. Zapolye is the nearest rural locality.
# John Ross (missionary)

John Ross (1842–1915), (his Chinese name: Chinese: 羅約翰) was a Scottish Protestant missionary to Northeast China who established Dongguan Church in Shenyang. He is also known for translating the first Korean Bible and being the first to introduce spacing to Korean punctuation.

## Life

John Ross was born at Rarichie in Easter Ross where Gaelic was his native language. He received his education at Fearn School, University of Glasgow and Theological Hall, Edinburgh. In 1872 he was sent by the Scottish United Presbyterian Mission (Chinese: 蘇格蘭長老會差會) to Northeast China, known at that time as Manchuria. John Ross, called in Chinese: 羅約翰, went first to Yingkou, then moved to Mukden (the present-day Shenyang) and established a church there in 1889. This church was called Dongguan Church (East Gate Church) because it was built just outside East Gate, as Christian churches were not allowed within the city wall. It was rebuilt after the Boxer Rebellion, and is now still used as a Protestant church. He also started a mission in Fushun.
While in China, John Ross met traders from Korea one day, and decided to make a Korean translation of the New Testament, which was completed in 1887 and brought to Korea. This was the first Korean version In 1892 he was visited from Korea by James Scarth Gale.
Ross returned to Scotland in 1910, but continued to help the Scotland-China Society. He died in Edinburgh and is buried there mid-way along the east side of the main north-south path in Newington Cemetery. There is a plaque commemorating John Ross on the sea front at Balintore in Easter Ross.

## Family

He was married to Isabella Strapp McFadyen (d.1930) who travelled with him in China.

## Recognition

In 1877, John Gilbert Baker named Iris rossii in his honour. Ray Desmond (Editor).

## Works

* Corean primer: being lessons in Corean on all ordinary subjects, transliterated on the principles of the "Mandarin primer", by the same author (1877)
* The Manchus, or The reigning dynasty of China: their rise and progress (1891)
* History of Corea, Ancient and Modern; with Description of Manners and Customs, Language and Geography (1891)
# Microgecko helenae

Microgecko helenae, also known commonly as the banded dwarf gecko, Helen's banded dwarf gecko, Helen's tiny gecko, the Khuristan dwarf gecko, and the Khuzestan dwarf gecko, is a species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae. The species is endemic to Iran. There are two recognized subspecies.

## Etymology

The specific name, helenae, is in honor of Helena Nikolsky.

## Geographic range

M. helenae is found in western Iran.

## Habitat

The preferred natural habitats of M. helenae are forest, shrubland, and grassland, at altitudes up to 1,500 m (4,900 ft).

## Description

Adults of M. helenae have a snout-to-vent length (SVL) of 15.0–26.2 mm (0.59–1.03 in).

## Reproduction

M. helenae is oviparous.

## Subspecies

Two subspecies are recognized as being valid, including the nominotypical subspecies.
* Microgecko helenae fasciatus (J.J. Schmidtler & J.F. Schmidtler, 1972)
* Microgecko helenae helenae Nikolsky, 1907
Nota bene: A trinomial authority in parentheses indicates that the subspecies was originally described in a genus other than Microgecko.
# Jeroen Piket

Jeroen Piket (born 27 January 1969) is a Dutch chess grandmaster. He is a four-time Dutch Chess Champion.

## Chess career

Born in 1969, Piket earned his international master title in 1986 and his grandmaster title in 1989. He won the Dutch Chess Championship in 1990, 1991, 1992, and 1994. He won the Dortmund Sparkassen Chess Meeting in 1994 and shared first at the Tilburg chess tournament with Boris Gelfand in 1996. He placed second at Wijk aan Zee in 1997, and won the Biel Chess Festival in 1999. He drew a match against Anatoly Karpov held 21 February to 2 March 1999 in Monaco, by the score 4–4 (all eight games were drawn). The following year he won an internet tournament organised by kasparovchess.com, beating Garry Kasparov in the final.
Piket won the Vlissingen Open in 2001, but retired from chess in the same year to become the personal secretary of businessman Joop van Oosterom. A few years later, in 2005, Van Oosterom won the Correspondence chess World Championship, causing Tim Krabbé to write: "The Turk was operated by William Schlumberger, Mephisto was operated by Isidore Gunsberg, Ajeeb was operated by Harry Pillsbury and Joop van Oosterom is operated by Jeroen Piket."
# Paul-Martin Gallocher de Lagalisserie

Paul-Martin Gallocher de Lagalisserie (29 May 1805, Place Dauphine, Paris – 5 August 1871, Balbins, Isère) was a French engineer. He built a number of bridges in Paris and around the Île-de-France. He was the son of Martin Pierre Gallocher de Lagalisserie and Marie Delphine Théodore Ménager.

## Notable projects

* Pont de l'Alma (1856)
* Pont des Invalides (1856)
* Pont Saint-Michel (1857), with Paul Vaudrey
* Pont au Change (1860)
* Pont de Solférino (1861)
# Stafford Grammar School

Stafford Grammar School is a co-educational private day school at Burton Manor, located on the outskirts of Stafford, the county town of Staffordshire. Founded in 1982, the school inhabits a building built by the Victorian architect Augustus Pugin.

## History

The school was founded in 1982 by a group of local parents. It is based in a Victorian manor house, originally designed and built for the Whitgreave family by Augustus Pugin. Many of the original design features such as the integrated chapel and the folly are still intact, though neither of these are currently in use.
In September 1982, in a leased building, the School was officially opened by its first patron the Right Honourable, the Earl of Shrewsbury. Dr J R Garrood, the first Headmaster, began his first day with 17 pupils and 3 part-time teachers. Since then, the School has grown to over 400 pupils and obtained ownership of its buildings and grounds.
The Independent Schools Joint Council accredited the School in 1985 and the Headmaster was elected to the Society of Headmasters and Headmistresses of Independent Schools (SHIMS) in 1991.

## Academic performance

In the academic year that finished in June 2006 the school was ranked top in Staffordshire based on league table results.