# Quintin Brand

Air Vice-Marshal Sir Christopher Joseph Quintin Brand, KBE, DSO, MC, DFC (25 May 1893 – 7 March 1968) was a South African officer of the Royal Air Force.

## Early life

Brand was born in Beaconsfield (now part of Kimberley, Northern Cape) in South Africa to a CID Inspector in the Johannesburg police. He joined the South African Defence Force in 1913.

## First World War

During the years 1914–1915, Brand continued to serve in the Union Defence Force.
In 1915, Brand travelled to England, where he transferred to the Royal Flying Corps. He learned to fly and was awarded Royal Aero Club Certificate No 3949 on 30 March 1916. During the First World War, he flew Nieuport 17 scouts, serving in No. 1 Squadron RFC in France as a flight commander before being posted back to England.
In February 1918, Brand became commander of 112 Squadron, a home defence night fighter squadron equipped with specially modified Sopwith Camels flying from Throwley in Kent, shooting down a Gotha bomber over Faversham on 19 May. He was then appointed commander of No. 151 Squadron RAF at Fontaine-sur-Maye in France, a night fighter squadron formed to combat German night raids over the Western Front. The squadron downed 26 German aircraft with Brand himself shooting down four, becoming the highest scoring RAF night fighter pilot of the First World War. Brand claimed 12 victories in 1917 and 1918 (seven victories with No 1 Squadron, four with 151 Squadron and one with 112 Squadron) and was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross during this period.

## Inter-war years

In 1920, The Times offered a prize of £10,000 for the first pilot to fly from London to Cape Town, South Africa. General Smuts wanted South African aviators to blaze this trail, and subsequently authorised the purchase of a Vickers Vimy, G-UABA named Silver Queen at a cost of £4,500. Pilots Lieutenant Colonel Pierre van Ryneveld (commander) and Captain Quintin Brand (co-pilot) formed the crew for the record-breaking flight.
Leaving Brooklands on 4 February 1920, they landed safely at Heliopolis, but on the flight to Wadi Halfa, they were forced to land due to engine overheating with 80 miles still to go. A second Vimy was loaned to the pair by the RAF at Heliopolis (and named Silver Queen II). In this second aircraft, the pair continued to Bulawayo in Southern Rhodesia where the aircraft was badly damaged when it crashed on takeoff.; van Rynevald and Brand then borrowed an Airco DH.9 to continue the journey to Cape Town. They were disqualified as winners but nevertheless the South African government awarded them £5,000 each. Along with van Rynevald, Brand was knighted in 1920 for his role in the record attempt.
From 1925 to 1927, Brand was Senior Technical Officer, then Principal Technical Officer, at the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough. In 1929, he was posted to Abu Qir (Aboukir) Egypt, later appointed Director-General of Aviation in Egypt from 1932 to 1936.

## Second World War

During the Second World War, Brand was air officer commanding No. 10 (Fighter) Group, 10 Fighter Battle Group, responsible for the defence of southwest England and South Wales. Brand actively supported Air Vice Marshal Keith Park, in advocating the use of small, rapidly deployed, groups of fighters to intercept the Luftwaffe raiders. Under Brand's command 10 Group played a vital role in the Battle of Britain by defending southwest England against Luftwaffe raids and providing support to 11 Group (which bore the brunt of the battle in southeast England) as required.
He later became the air officer commanding No. 20 (Training) Group. Upon retirement on 6 November 1943, Brand had attained the rank of air vice-marshal. Brand's part in the Big Wing controversy following the Battle of Britain, in which he supported Dowding and Park, may explain why he was sidelined despite being one of the RAF's more capable commanders.

## Later years

After retiring from the regular forces, Brand married Mildred Vaughan in 1943; he had married her sister Marie in 1920, but Marie died in 1941. The Brands lived in Surrey until 1950, when they moved to Southern Rhodesia. Quintin Brand died on 7 March 1968.

## Honours and awards

* 26 April 1917 – 2nd Lt. (temp. Capt.) Christopher Joseph Quintin Brand, RFC, Spec. Res. – awarded the Military Cross: For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty whilst on patrol with one other machine. He attacked a formation of five hostile machines and shot one of them down in flames. On another occasion he brought down two hostile machines. He has at all times shown great courage and initiative.
* 31 May 1918 – Lt (T./Capt.) Christopher Joseph Quintin Brand, MC, RAF – Awarded the Distinguished Service Order for gallant services rendered on the occasion of an hostile air raid: For conspicuous gallantry. While on patrol at night he encountered an enemy aeroplane at a height of 8,700 feet. He at once attacked the enemy, firing two burst of twenty rounds each, which put the enemy's right engine out of action. Closing to range of twenty-five yards he fired a further three bursts of twenty-five rounds each, and as a result the enemy machine caught fire and fell in flames to the ground. Captain Brand showed great courage and skill in manoeuvering his machine during the encounter, and when the enemy aeroplane burst into flames he was so close that the flames enveloped his machine, scorching his face. This officer has shown great determination and perseverance during the past nine months when on anti-aeroplane patrols at night, and his example of unassuming gallantry and skill has raised his squadron to a very high state of efficiency.
* 14 May 1920 – Flight Lieutenant Christopher Joseph Quintin Brand, DSO, MC, DFC, Royal Air Force – Appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in recognition of the valuable services rendered to Aviation by the successful flight from England to Cape Town, South Africa.

## Military service timeline

| Date | Event |
| 1913 | Soldier/Officer, South African Defence Force |
| 15 March 1916 | U/T (Under Training) Pilot, Special Reserve RFC, rank: Second Lieutenant (P) |
| 14 May 1916 | Pilot, No 1 Squadron, RFC. (Nieuport 17 – Western Front) |
| 1 June 1916 | Promoted to Second Lieutenant |
| 15 February 1917 | Flight Commander, No 1 Squadron, RFC, rank: Captain (T) |
| 1 April 1917 | Rank: Lieutenant |
| 26 April 1917 | Military Cross (MC) |
| 1 May 1917 | Posted to England |
| 30 July 1917 | Flight Commander, No 112 Squadron, RFC, (Sopwith Pup, Sopwith Camel – Throwley, UK) |
| 13 February 1918 | Promoted to Major (T), Officer Commanding, No 112 Squadron RFC/RAF |
| 9 July 1918 | Officer Commanding, No 151 Squadron RAF. (Sopwith Camel – Western Front) |
| 1 April 1918 | Rank: (T) Captain (Lieutenant) |
| 19 April 1918 | Rank: (T) Major |
| 31 May 1918 | Distinguished Service Order (DSO) |
| 3 December 1918 | Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC) |
| March 1919 | Officer Commanding, No 44 Squadron RAF. (Sopwith Camel – Hainault Farm/North Weald, UK) |
| 1 May 1919 | Graded as Major (A) |
| 1 August 1919 | Awarded Permanent RAF Commission as a Captain |
| 4 February 1920 | Attached to South African Defence Force for "Flight to South Africa" |
| 7 May 1920 | Qualified Flight Instructor (QFI) rating, Royal Air Force Flying Training School (FTS) |
| 14 May 1920 | Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) |
| 30 September 1920 | Attended Cambridge University |
| 1 January 1922 | Rank: Squadron Leader |
| 20 April 1923 | Staff, HQ No 5 Wing, Inland Area (Middle East) |
| 24 September 1923 | Officer Commanding, No 56 Squadron RAF. (Sopwith Snipe/Gloster Grebe) |
| 22 September 1925 | Senior Technical Officer, Royal Aircraft Establishment |
| 1927 | Principal Technical Officer, Royal Aircraft Establishment |
| 29 January 1929 | Engineering Officer, Aircraft Depot, Iraq |
| 1 July 1929 | Rank: Wing Commander |
| 9 August 1929 | Senior Engineering Officer, RAF Depot, Middle East |
| 1 August 1932 | Seconded to Egyptian Government as Director-General of Aviation |
| 1 July 1935 | Rank: Group Captain |
| 30 March 1936 | Order of Ismail, Egypt (OI[E]) |
| 10 April 1936 | Supernumerary, HQ No 6 (Auxiliary) Group |
| 11 July 1936 | Director of Repair and Maintenance |
| 1 November 1938 | Rank: Air Commodore |
| 15 June 1940 | Air Officer Commander (AOC), No 10 (Fighter) Group, rank: Acting Air Vice Marshal |
| 1 July 1940 | Rank: (T) Air Vice Marshal |
| 25 July 1941 | AOC, No 20 (Training) Group |
| 6 November 1943 | Retired: Air Vice Marshal (Retained) |