OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Revolutionary Febrerista Party

The Revolutionary Febrerista Party (Spanish: Partido Revolucionario Febrerista, PRF) is a social democratic political party in Paraguay. It was established in 1951 by Rafael Franco, President of Paraguay from the February Revolution of 1936 until his overthrow in August 1937.

## History

In 1936, Rafael Franco came to power in the February Revolution. A year and a half later, he was overthrown in a coup that brought the Liberal Party's Félix Paiva to power and went into exile. Franco established the Revolutionary Febrerista Party, named after the revolution, on 11 December 1951 in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
The party was initially banned in Paraguay, which was under a Colorado Party regime at the time. The party was legalised in 1964 as it was no longer deemed to be a threat to President Alfredo Stroessner. In the 1967 Constitutional Assembly elections, it won three of the 120 seats. In the general elections the following year, the party failed to win a Senate seat but won one seat in the Chamber of Deputies.
After 1968, the party did not contest another national election until the overthrow of the Stroessner regime in 1989. In the elections that year, they won two seats in the Chamber of Deputies. In the 1991 Constitutional Assembly elections, they won a single seat. For the 1993 elections, it was part of the National Encounter Party coalition, which finished third. The party ran alone in the 1998 elections but failed to win a seat. They also failed to win a seat in the 2003 elections. For the 2008 elections, the party was part of the Patriotic Alliance for Change, which won two seats.

## Electoral history
### Presidential elections

| Election | Party candidate | Votes | % | Result |
| 1968 | Carlos Caballero Gatti | 16,871 | 2.6% | Lost N |
| 1989 | Fernando Antonio Vera Sánchez | 11,007 | 0.95% | Lost N |
| 1993 | None (endorsed Guillermo Caballero Vargas) | 262,407 | 24.39% | Lost N |
| 1998 | Luis Alberto Campos Doria | 8,139 | 0.51% | Lost N |
| 2008 | None (endorsed Fernando Lugo) | 764,968 | 41.20% | Elected Y |

### Chamber of Deputies elections

Chamber of Deputies :
| Election | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| 1968 | 16,871 | 2.6% | 1 / 60 | 1 |
| 1989 | 23,815 | 2.1% | 2 / 72 | 2 |
| 1993 | 199,053 (as part of NEP) | 17.7% | 9 / 80 | 7 |
| 1998 | 20,121 | 1.3% | 0 / 80 | 9 |
| 2003 | 11,542 | 0.8% | 0 / 80 | |
| 2008 | 520 | 0.03% | 0 / 80 | |
| 2018 | 15,169 | 0.64% | 0 / 80 | |

### Senate elections

Senate :
| Election | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| 1968 | Not released | Not released | 0 / 30 | |
| 1993 | 203,213 (as part of NEP) | 17.9% | 8 / 45 | 8 |
| 1998 | 16,667 | 1.1% | 0 / 45 | 8 |
| 2003 | 10,202 | 0.7% | 0 / 45 | |
| 2018 | 14,332 | 0.61% | 0 / 45 | |
# Dimitrion Yordanidis

Dimitrion Yordanidis (born c. 1878 - died c. 1980) was a Greek runner, who, according to Guinness World Records, completed the 26-mile marathon course from Marathon, Greece to Athens on 10 October 1976 in 7 hours 33 minutes, aged 98. Guinness World Records considered him to be the oldest man to complete a marathon until Fauja Singh completed the Toronto Marathon on 16 October 2011 at the age of 100 (and a half). World Masters Athletics, the world governing body responsible for records in the sport, did not accept Singh's proof of age and did not give him any of record. WMA has no listed record for men's marathon age 90+, though they do list a W90 record for Mavis Lindgren age 90 from 1997.
Yordanidis is unknown to the Association of Road Racing Statisticians, which maintains a list of single age records. It currently lists Fauja Singh and Jenny Wood-Allen as the oldest male and female marathon record holders in the 90+ age group. Fauja Singh finished the Toronto Marathon 2003 in 5 hours and 40 minutes, aged 92; Jenny Wood-Allen walked the London Marathon 2002 course in 11 hours and 34 minutes, aged 90.
Yordanidis is also absent from the records list maintained by the World Masters Athletics organisation, which ratifies and registers five-year age-group records. The WMA list for marathon finishers contains no entries for the 95+ age group and above.
Veteran marathon runner Werner Sonntag took part in the 1976 Marathon-Athens race and reported in his weekly column that the German sports magazine, Spiridon [de], claimed at the time that Yordanidis cut the course by using a car; however, no proof of this assertion was ever provided to the WMA authorities.
# Michael Critobulus

Michael Critobulus (Greek: Μιχαήλ Κριτόβουλος; c. 1410 – c. 1470) was a Greek politician, scholar and historian. He is known as the author of a history of the Ottoman conquest of the Eastern Roman Empire under Sultan Mehmet II. Critobulus' work, along with the writings of Doukas, Laonicus Chalcondyles and George Sphrantzes, is one of the principal sources for the Fall of Constantinople in 1453.
Critobulus is a Romanization of the name, which is alternatively transliterated as Kritoboulos, Kritovoulos, Critoboulos; sometimes with Critobulus' provenance affixed (e.g. Critobulus of Imbros).

## Biography

Critobulus' birth name was Michael Critopoulos (Greek: Μιχαήλ Κριτόπουλος). He changed this modern Greek family name to the more classical-sounding "Kritoboulos" in reference to a figure of that name in the dialogues of Plato.
He belonged to a family of landowners on the island of Imbros. In the 1450s he was a local political leader of the island and played an active role in the peaceful handover of Imbros, Limnos and Thasos to the Ottomans after the final breakdown of the Byzantine Empire.

## Works

He later wrote the work History in five books. It is a historical account of the rise of the Ottomans and the final conquest of the remainder of the Roman Empire. Its main part is a biography of the Ottoman sultan Mehmet II, the Conqueror, to whom the work was also dedicated. Writing under Ottoman rule, Critobulus expressed admiration for Mehmet in his work, and combined mourning for the Greek loss with an acceptance of the shift of power to the Ottoman Turks, which he interpreted as a divinely ordained world historic event.
In doing so, Critobulus took as a literary model the works of Flavius Josephus, the Jewish-Roman historian of the Roman destruction of Jerusalem. His text is the most detailed historical account of the first decade of Turkish rule in Constantinople, including the Ottoman efforts of rebuilding and repopulating the city. The autograph of his text has been preserved in the Library of the Topkapı Palace in Istanbul.
He used Thucydides as a model for his History.

## Editions

* Karl Wilhelm Ludwig Müller, Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum, vol. 5, 1873.
* Diether R. Reinsch (ed.), Critobuli Imbriotae historiae. (Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae 22). Berlin: de Gruyter, 1983.
* Diether R. Reinsch and Photini Kolovou (ed. and transl.), Κριτοβούλου του Ιμβρίου Ιστορία. Athens: Kanaki, 2005.
* Charles T. Rigg (ed. and transl.), History of Mehmed the Conqueror. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1954.
# Henry Pether

Henry Pether (1800–1880) was an English landscape painter famous for his depiction of moonlit scenes of 19th century Britain, Paris, and Venice. His father Abraham and older brother Sebastian Pether also painted moonlit scenes. Together they were known as the "Moonlight Pethers". He was also an inventor of lamps, architectural materials, and tiles.

## Life and work

Henry Pether was born in February 1800, the son of landscape painter Abraham Pether (1752–1812) and younger brother of artist Sebastian Pether (1793-1844). His father and his brother's works were often imaginary. Henry was particularly noted for his "control of detail, atmosphere and colouring". Henry Pether's paintings are frequently incorrectly attributed to his father and to his brother and vice versa. However, Henry generally signed his paintings, which were more realistic and refined, whilst those of his brother Sebastian had more greenish tones.
He was known for his paintings along the Thames, many of which were painted between 1850 and 1865. Pether is detailed in his painting of Greenwich Hospital's architecture and river scene, which are illuminated by a full moon. He also painted moonlight landscapes in Paris, Venice and Scotland.
   In Twickenham by Moonlight the English picturesque style has been combined with the romanticism of artists such as Caspar David Friedrich (1744–1840). The interplay of light and shade is here examined to full effect, creating a hermetic, contemplative mood. The landscape is dominated by the Thames, which reflects the subtle glow of the full moon above.
Between 1828 and 1862 Henry Pether exhibited at the Royal Academy. He also exhibited at the British Institution and with the Royal Society of British Artists. His works are among the collections of Tate, the City of London, Royal Museums Greenwich, Hastings Museum, the National Gallery of Victoria, and the Yale Center for British Art.
Pether lived in the Camden and Clapham boroughs in London, and Southampton. In 1837, he was described as a surveyor, engineer, artist, and an architect when he was an inmate in a debtors' prison in London. He applied for patents for lamps, architectural materials, and tiles, the latter of which was exhibited at the Great Exhibition of 1851. At that time, he was married to Sarah and had three children: Fanny, Harry, and Kate who ranged from nine to fourteen years of age. The family lived at Kennington in 1851.
He died on Stockwell Green in London on 20 February 1880, a few days after his 80th birthday. Papers, images, and other documentation of Pether's works are held at the Frick Art Reference Library.

## Gallery

* Lambeth Palace from the River Thames
* Horseguards Parade from St James' Park
* Upnor Castle, Rochester, Kent
* Vesuvius Erupting
# Thermoneutral voltage

In electrochemistry, a thermoneutral voltage is a voltage drop across an electrochemical cell which is sufficient not only to drive the cell reaction, but to also provide the heat necessary to maintain a constant temperature. For a reaction of the form
    $Ox+ne^{-}\leftrightarrow Red$
The thermoneutral voltage is given by
    $E_{tn}=-{\frac {\Delta H}{nF}}={\frac {\Delta H_{Red}-\Delta H_{Ox}}{nF}}$
where $\Delta H$ is the change in enthalpy and F is the Faraday constant.

## Explanation

For a cell reaction characterized by the chemical equation:
    $Ox+ne^{-}\leftrightarrow Red$
at constant temperature and pressure, the thermodynamic voltage (minimum voltage required to drive the reaction) is given by the Nernst equation:
    $E=-{\frac {\Delta G}{nF}}={\frac {\Delta G_{Red}-\Delta G_{Ox}}{nF}}$
where $\Delta G$ is the Gibbs energy and F is the Faraday constant. The standard thermodynamic voltage (i.e. at standard temperature and pressure) is given by:
    $E^{o}=-{\frac {\Delta G^{o}}{nF}}={\frac {\Delta G_{Red}^{o}-\Delta G_{Ox}^{o}}{nF}}$
and the Nernst equation can be used to calculate the standard potential at other conditions.
The cell reaction is generally endothermic: i.e. it will extract heat from its environment. The Gibbs energy calculation generally assumes an infinite thermal reservoir to maintain a constant temperature, but in a practical case, the reaction will cool the electrode interface and slow the reaction occurring there.
If the cell voltage is increased above the thermodynamic voltage, the product of that voltage and the current will generate heat, and if the voltage is such that the heat generated matches the heat required by the reaction to maintain a constant temperature, that voltage is called the "thermoneutral voltage". The rate of delivery of heat is equal to $T{\frac {dS}{dt}}$ where T is the temperature (the standard temperature, in this case) and dS/dt is the rate of entropy production in the cell. At the thermoneutral voltage, this rate will be zero, which indicates that the thermoneutral voltage may be calculated from the enthalpy.
    $E_{tn}=-{\frac {\Delta G+T\Delta S}{nF}}=-{\frac {\Delta H}{nF}}={\frac {\Delta H_{Red}-\Delta H_{Ox}}{nF}}$

## An example

For water at standard temperature (25 C) the net cell reaction may be written:
    $H_{2}O\leftrightarrow H_{2}(g)+{\frac {1}{2}}O_{2}(g)$
Using Gibbs potentials ($\Delta G_{H2O}^{o}=-237.18$ kJ/mol), the thermodynamic voltage at standard conditions is
    $E^{o}=-{\frac {\Delta G_{H_{2}O}^{o}}{2F}}\approx$ 1.229 Volt (2 electrons needed to form H$_2$(g))
Just as the combustion of hydrogen and oxygen generates heat, the reverse reaction generating hydrogen and oxygen will absorb heat. The thermoneutral voltage is (using $\Delta H_{H2O}^{o}=-285.83$ kJ/mol):
    $E_{tn}^{o}=-{\frac {\Delta H_{H_{2}O}^{o}}{2F}}\approx$ 1.481 Volts.
# Invisible Records

Invisible Records is a Chicago based record label founded by Martin Atkins. In 2001, Invisible Records started a subsidiary label Underground Inc.

## Roster

* Ashtrayhead
* Attrition
* Bagman
* Bizarre Sex Trio
* Cherrie Blue
* Brian Brain
* Chemlab
* Alison Chesley
* Meg Lee Chin
* Chris Connelly
* The Damage Manual
* Dead Voices on Air
* Deezal Records
* Defragmentation
* Deist Requiem
* Dr. Speedlove
* Drug Test
* F.M. Einheit
* Evil Mothers
* Fall of Because
* Foetus
* Formate
* Gawk
* Genesis P-Orridge
* Grim Faeries
* Hellbent
* Hellsau
* Horsey
* Killing Joke
* Kill Switch...Klick
* Lab Report
* Lance Grabmiller
* Leechwoman
* Lick
* Jared Louche
* The Love Interest
* Martin Atkins and the Chicago Industrial League
* Matera
* More Machine Than Man
* Murder, Inc.
* My Life With The Thrill Kill Kult
* Nocturne
* Not Breathing
* Opium Jukebox
* Order of the Beak
* Phylr
* Pigface
* Pounder
* The Prayer Boat
* Riou
* Rx
* Scorn
* Sheep on Drugs
* SMP
* Sow
* Spasm
* Spyder
* Subgenius
* Sugarsmack
* Swans
* Test Dept.
* Throbbing Gristle
* TRS-80
* Tub Ring
* TV Jesus and the Sister of Satan
* Voodou
# 2018 Supercopa de Catalunya
## Overview

The 2018 Supercopa de Catalunya was a match played between the two highest rated Catalan clubs from La Liga, at the time FC Barcelona and RCD Espanyol. The match was played at Camp d'Esports on the 7th of March, 2018. The attendance was 10,576.

## Match

The match ended goalless after 90 minutes and went to a penalty shootout. Barcelona were the first to kick. All four of Barcelona's penalty takers (Paco Alcácer, Sergi Palencia, Yerry Mina, and Abel Ruiz) scored, while Sergi Darder and José Manuel Jurado missed for RCD Espanyol. The penalty shootout ended with a 4-2 win for Barcelona despite Álex López and Mario Hermoso both scoring their penalties for Espanyol. This was Barcelona's second Supercopa de Catalunya title.

## Marcus McGuane becomes the first English player to represent Barcelona since Gary Lineker

Marcus McGuane became the first English player in 29 years to represent FC Barcelona since Gary Lineker after coming on for Aleix Vidal in the 77th minute of the game.
# Todd Mundt

Todd Mundt (born May 17, 1970) is an American former professional National Basketball Association (NBA) player. He played college basketball at Delta State University and University of Memphis. He was a 7'0" center.
In 1995-96, Mundt played for the Boston Celtics and Atlanta Hawks.
He is currently a territory manager at Atrium Medical, a Knoxville, Tennessee-area company that sells medical devices.
# Geoff Phelps

Geoff Phelps was an Australian rules footballer for the Port Adelaide Football Club in the South Australian National Football League.
Recruited from the Eyre Peninsula, Phelps was a part of both Port Adelaide’s 1988 and 1990 premiership teams. Predominately a defender, however he was quite versatile also being able to play up forward and in the ruck.
In the 1990 SANFL grand final, he began the game on the interchange however came on during the second quarter to play Full Forward after Scott Hodges was carried off the ground.
In 1986 he won Port Adelaide’s best first year player award.
# Suncorp Place

Suncorp Place (formerly the AAP Centre and before that Qantas International Centre) is a skyscraper located in Sydney, Australia on Grosvenor and Lang Street. It was initially designed for Qantas by architects Joseland & Gilling positioned as Sydney's equivalent to the World Trade Centre.

## Description

The building is 182 metres (597 ft) tall and 42 levels to roof, although the rooftop structure brings the total height to 193 metres (633 ft). It offers a column free layout with floor to ceiling views of Sydney Harbour & the Sydney CBD and had a dedicated computer centre constructed underground to support Qantas's global airline operations.

## Construction

The building was first announced in 1966 with development approval given on 19 August 1968 and construction for Stage 1 of the project began in 1970 targeted for completion in 1973, however the project was delayed many times due to industrial action by the Builders Labourers Federation (NSW BLF) and took 12 years to finally complete in 1982. The foyer and forecourt was refurbished in 1994 and the building was partially renovated in 1997. Most recently, the lobby was completely refurbished with full concierge service in 2015 and End of Trip facilities named 'Zephyr' added in 2017.

## Anchor Tenants

In 2005, Suncorp obtained 10 years of signage rights to the building and leased 15,000 square metres (160,000 sq ft) over 15 floors.
In 2018, IBM Australia became the anchor tenant occupying 7,000 square metres (75,000 sq ft) over seven floors with naming rights to the building.

## Ownership

The building was owned by Commonwealth Bank Officers Superannuation Corp and then Commonwealth Property Office Fund (ASX: CPA) until its sale to Singapore–based Memocorp for A$395 million in 2011.
* The tower in 2006, as then occupied by AAPT Limited
* Suncorp Place
* View from York Street
* Podium
# Todd Torres

Todd Torres (born June 11, 1968) is a former international breaststroke and freestyle swimmer from Puerto Rico, who participated in two consecutive Summer Olympics starting in 1992.
His best Olympic result was a 12th place in the Men's 4 × 100 m Freestyle Relay at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. Torres also competed for the United States, winning a gold and a silver medal at the 1987 Summer Universiade in Zagreb.
Torres swam collegiately for Louisiana State University (LSU). At LSU, he was a 14-time All American and won a national and Southeastern Conference (SEC) championship in 1987. Torres also won another SEC Championship in the 200-yard breaststroke in 1988. In 2015 Swimmer Todd Torres was inducted to the Louisiana State University Athletic Hall of Fame and in 2019 was inducted to the North Carlolina Swimming Hall of Fame.
# Berezye

Berezye (Russian: Березье) is a rural locality (a village) in Belokrestskoye Rural Settlement, Chagodoshchensky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 6 as of 2002.

## Geography

Berezye is located 15 km (9.3 mi) southwest of Chagoda (the district's administrative centre) by road. Paport is the nearest rural locality.
# Enguang Church (Chengdu)

Enguang Church (Chinese: 恩光堂; pinyin: Ēnguāngtáng), formerly known as Gospel Hall and commonly known as the Four Saints Temple Church, is the seat of Sichuan Theological Seminary. It is located at No. 17, Four Saints Temple North Street, downtown Chengdu, Sichuan, China. The Four Saints Temple Church was founded in 1894 by the Canadian Methodist Mission and is still the most important Christian church in Chengdu.

## History

In 1891, the Canadian Methodist Mission of Canada launched a missionary mission to China. The senior American missionary Virgil Chittenden Hart (1840-1904, formerly of the Methodist Church in the United States), who had been preaching in China for many years, and the Canadian missionary George Everson Hartwell and his wife, David W. Stevenson and his wife, Dr. Omar Leslie Kilborn and his wife, Hull etc. nine people became the first batch of missionaries of the Society to China in 1892. Arriving in Chengdu, Sichuan at the beginning of the year, they bought a vegetable plot in the Four Holy Temples.
In 1894, they built the Sisheng Temple chapel that still exists today. It was designed by missionary architect Walter Small. A year later, it was destroyed by the anti-religious turmoil (Chengdu Mission Case) in 1895. It was rebuilt the following year. In 1900, when the Boxer Rebellion broke out, the hall was destroyed again and rebuilt again, with a capacity of 300 people.
Since then, many institutions such as Men and Women's Renji Hospital (now the Second People's Hospital of the City), Huaying Bookstore, Huaying Girls' Middle School, and Xiehe Girls' Normal School were built around the church. The number of believers increased significantly, so in 1920, the "Million Brick" movement was launched. A new chapel with a bell tower that can accommodate thousands of people was built. The style was simplified Gothic. It was completed the following year. The designer was Walt Small.
When the Cultural Revolution began in 1966, the church was severely damaged and occupied. It was restored on November 25, 1984 and reopened on January 1, 1989.

## Related information

The Canadian Methodist Mission is one of the main missionary societies in Sichuan, with 10 district branches in Chengdu, Pengxian, Jiading (now Leshan), Renshou, Ziliujing (Zigong), Chongqing, Luzhou, Zhongxian, Fuling and Rongxian. In 1919, there were 184 missionaries in Sichuan. Among them, Chengdu District has jurisdiction over 10 churches in Chengdu City, Pixian County, Wenjiang and other counties. There are three churches in Chengdu: the Four Holy Shrines Church, the Suteran Church on Shu Sock Street and the Qinglong Street Gospel Church. Among them, the Suteran Church in the city center was the largest and can accommodate more than 1,200 people. It was demolished in 1981 when the east-west trunk road was expanded.
# Patrick Weil

Patrick Weil (born 14 October 1956 in Neuilly sur Seine) is a political scientist. He is a senior research fellow at CNRS, at the Centre for the social history of the 20th century [fr] at the University of Paris 1. His research focuses on comparative citizenship, immigration law and constitutional law.
He received his master's degree in public law from ESSEC business school before obtaining his doctorate in political science. He worked as cabinet logistical head of the Secretariat of State for immigrants in 1981 and 1982, and was a member of the Stasi Commission and of the board of the Cité Nationale de l’Histoire de l’Immigration (Museum of the History of Immigration) - a position which, with seven others, he resigned on 18 May 2007, in protest against the creation of a ministry of immigration and national identity by Nicolas Sarkozy.
He is president of the NGO Libraries Without Borders.
He is currently a visiting professor of law and Oscar M. Ruebhausen Distinguished Senior Fellow and senior research scholar at the Yale Law School.
Weil is the author of Le Sens de la République (Grasset 2016 with Nicolas Truong); The Sovereign Citizen: Denaturalization and the Origins of the American Republic (Univ of Penn Press, 2013); How to Be French: Nationality in the Making since 1789 (Duke Univ. Press 2008); Qu'est-ce qu'un Français? : Histoire de la nationalité française de la Révolution à nos jours (Grasset 2002)
In Le Monde, Weil says "Edward Snowden can ask the competent authorities for France’s protection "to obtain constitutional asylum, a specific French protection for "freedom fighters". "Firstly, the French office of refugees and stateless (OFPRA) who is in charge of all the demands for asylum, will have to study his application and make a decision. If this office reject Snowden’s application, the national court of asylum right and the French council of State would decide on its case in first and then last appeal" (Le Monde, June 5, 2014).
He was shortlisted for the 2023 Cundill History Prize for The Madman in the White House.

## Other

In 1992, he received the PhD prize of the National Assembly of France for his PhD work La France et ses étrangers.