OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ernst Boutkan

Ernst Boutkan (born 3 January 1996 in Haarlem, North Holland) is a Dutch politician from the Volt Nederland party. He was a member of the House of Representatives for this party from 16 March 2023 to 5 July 2023.

## Biography

Boutkan was born in Haarlem in 1996 and grew up in Geertruidenberg in Noord-Brabant. He studied at Leiden University from 2014 to 2021, where he obtained a Bachelor's degree in Cultural Anthropology and a Master's degree in Public Administration and Economics.
In 2018, he became a member of the Volt party. In the 2021 Dutch parliamentary elections, Boutkan was third on Volt's list of candidates. The party won three seats in those elections, but fourth-placed Marieke Koekkoek secured the third seat with preferential votes. After the elections, he worked as a policy officer for the party's lower house faction. In March 2023, Koekkoek went on maternity leave, so Boutkan has been temporarily sitting in the House of Representatives since 16 March. His appointment is valid until 4 July 2023.

## Personal life

Boutkan lives in Leiden with his girlfriend.

## Electoral history

Electoral history of Ernst Boutkan :
| Year | Body | Party | Party | Pos. | Votes | Result | Result | Ref. |
| Year | Body | Party | Party | Pos. | Votes | Party seats | Individual | Ref. |
| 2021 | House of Representatives | | Volt Netherlands | 3 | 2,783 | 3 | Lost | |
| 2023 | House of Representatives | | Volt Netherlands | 3 | 2,263 | 2 | Lost | |
# Carline van Breugel

Carline van Breugel (born 22 October 1994) is a Dutch politician for Democrats 66.

## Electoral history

Electoral history of Carline van Breugel :
| Year | Body | Party | Party | Pos. | Votes | Result | Result | Ref. |
| Year | Body | Party | Party | Pos. | Votes | Party seats | Individual | Ref. |
| 2021 | House of Representatives | | Democrats 66 | 32 | 15,004 | 24 | Lost | |
| 2023 | House of Representatives | | Democrats 66 | 24 | 1,997 | 9 | Lost | |
# Policy for Merger and Abolition of the Press

Policy for Merger and Abolition of the Press (Korean: 언론통폐합; Hanja: 言論統廢合) is a South korean policy implemented by president Chun Doo-hwan in November 1980 to limit the freedom of press.

## Development

In 1979, through the December 12th coup, Chun Doo-hwan rose to power and censored all press releases based on martial law. In February 1980, Chun newly installed a press unit in the Defense Security Command. In the press unit, an attempt to lure journalists by the K-press work plan was and tried to make the press make editorials that looked at democracy activism in a negative light. These attempts continued until late August 1980. The Defense Security Command and the Korean Central Intelligence Agency did the pre work for the policy based on information about the journalists and the press, justifying it as a recovery of impartiality and public values.
On November 11, 1980, the new military government decided that the measure was needed to suppress expected protests after the lift of martial law. Heo Moon-do and others drafted the plan for the betterment of press, which was implemented by the Defense Security Command on November 12 in the same year after Chun's approval. Then, the Defense Security Command from 6 pm on the same day, the owners of broadcasting companies were summoned to forcefully sign a memorandum to show they have no objections.
Based on Chun's orders, the Korean Broadcasting Association and newspaper association opened a committee and announced a statement that had a reform of the Korean press for a healthy press as the main content. As a result, newspapers in the capital was reduced from 7 to 6, and regional newspapers were also reduced from 14 to 10. Yonhap News Agency was born as a result of hapdong news agency and Tongyang News Agency (or alternately translated as Orient Press).
In broadcasting, Korean Broadcasting System merged and acquired privately owned stations, such as Tongyang Broadcasting Company (a predecessor of JTBC), Dong-A Broadcasting System (a predecessor of Channel A), Jeon-il Broadcasting System, Seohae Broadcasting Corporation and Korea FM and forced to buy 65% of the shares of Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation and became the largest press outlet in South Korea, and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation legally became a public company. Christian Broadcasting System, who was received as a contributing network in terms of democracy activism, ceased being a news agency and became a religious radio network. Only 26 broadcasting stations were left, including Asea Broadcasting Agency.
# Steven van Weyenberg

Steven Peter Robert Albert Van Weyenberg (Dutch pronunciation:; born 21 March 1973) is a Belgian-born Dutch politician of the social-liberal Democrats 66 (D66) party. He served on the House of Representatives and occupied several ministerial posts.

## Career

Van Weyenberg studied economics and international relations, and he worked as a civil servant for the Ministry of Economic Affairs and the Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment.
He joined D66 in 1994 and held a seat in the House of Representatives between 2012 and 2023, focusing on finance and social affairs. He assisted his party during negotiations as part of the formation of the third Rutte cabinet, working on reforms of the tax system. These included changes to the home mortgage interest deduction, an increase in the value-added tax rate, and the creation of new environmental taxes. As a member of parliament, Van Weyenberg proposed to abolish government benefits in favor of a single allowance following the childcare benefits scandal, in which citizens had been falsely accused of fraud by the Tax and Customs Administration. He temporarily left the House of Representatives to serve as State Secretary for Infrastructure and Water Management in the demissionary third Rutte cabinet from 10 August 2021 until 10 January 2022. He succeeded Stientje van Veldhoven, who had stepped down to move to another job. When an investigation found that pollution from the Tata Steel IJmuiden factory had resulted in adverse health effects for neighbors, Van Weyenberg said the factory would not have a future without major changes.
Following his return to the parliament, he worked with GroenLinks–PvdA and the Christian Union on a set of measures to increase purchasing power amongst a high inflation rate. In August 2023, ahead of a November general election, he announced he would not seek another term. He again filled a vacancy in the demissionary fourth Rutte cabinet starting 6 December 2023, becoming State Secretary for Culture and Media. He switched that position for Minister of Finance on 12 January 2024 to succeed Sigrid Kaag. The succeeding Schoof cabinet was sworn in on 2 July 2024, bringing an end to Van Weyenberg's term.
# Katarzyna Adamowicz

Katarzyna Adamowicz (born 7 January 1993) is a Polish chess player who holds the title of Woman FIDE Master (WFM) (2009).

## Biography

Katarzyna Adamowicz many times participated in the Polish Youth Chess Championships in different girls' age groups, where she won six medals: two gold (2005 - U12, 2007 - U14), three silver (2006 - U14, 2009 - U16, 2011 - U18) and bronze (2007 - U20). With chess club Hetman-Politechnika Koszalińska, she twice won the Polish Team's Blitz Chess Championships (2007, 2009).
Katarzyna Adamowicz repeatedly represented Poland at the European Youth Chess Championships and World Youth Chess Championships in different age groups, where she won a gold medal in 2009, at the European Youth Chess Championship in the U16 girls age group. She three times participated in the European Girls' U18 Team Chess Championships (2009-2011), where she won two gold (2009, 2010) medals in team scoring, as well as a silver (2010) medal in individual scoring.
# Tunahan Kuzu

Tunahan Kuzu (born 5 June 1981) is a Dutch politician of Turkish descent who served as an MP from 20 September 2012 until 5 December 2023. Initially he was a member of the Labour Party (PvdA) and on 13 November 2014 Kuzu and Selçuk Öztürk left the Labour Party and formed the Group Kuzu/Öztürk, later renamed DENK ("Think"). On 18 November 2014, he became Parliamentary group leader. In the 2017 Dutch general election, the party secured three seats in the House of Representatives. He was succeeded as party leader by Farid Azarkan in 2020.

## Early life

Kuzu grew up in Maassluis and studied public administration at Erasmus University Rotterdam. He worked as a health care advisor for PricewaterhouseCoopers, and was also a member of the municipal council of Rotterdam from 2008 to 2012.

## Controversies
### Relations with Israel

Kuzu attracted international attention in September 2016 when he refused to shake the hand of Prime Minister of Israel Benjamin Netanyahu before a meeting at the States General of the Netherlands. In a statement posted to Facebook Kuzu explained his action as a protest against human rights abuses committed against Palestinian civilians in the Palestinian territories.
In May 2019, during a visit to Jerusalem to learn about the situation of the Palestinians in Israel, Kuzu was held up on the Temple Mount while carrying a Palestinian flag. According to Farid Azarkan, Kuzu was "taken by a large group of heavily armed soldiers". Kuzu was not arrested, however, he was stopped and released after an hour.

## Electoral history

A (possibly incomplete) overview of Dutch elections Kuzu participated in :
| Election | Party | Candidate number | Votes |
| 2010 Dutch municipal elections in Rotterdam | Labour Party | 10 | 1.697 |
| 2012 Dutch general election | Labour Party | 27 | 23.067 |
| 2014 Dutch municipal elections in Rotterdam | Labour Party | 29 | 418 |
| 2017 Dutch general election | Denk | 1 | 129.025 |
| 2018 Dutch municipal elections in Rotterdam | Denk | 20 | |
| 2019 Dutch provincial elections in North Holland | Denk | 24 | 2.881 |
| 2019 Dutch provincial elections in South Holland | Denk | 50 | 9.789 |
| 2019 European Parliament election in the Netherlands | Denk | 14 | 20.350 |
| 2021 Dutch general election | Denk | 2 | 70.374 |
| 2022 Dutch special municipal elections in Amsterdam | Denk | 15 | 1.973 |
| 2022 Dutch municipal elections in Rotterdam | Denk | 17 | |
# Public-interest privilege

Under common law, public-interest privilege prevents the compulsory disclosure of documents or information which is against the public interest. There is a balance between public interests- if the public interest in secrecy is greater than the public interest in disclosure, it will be privileged. The public interest in disclosure is the principle that a court of justice ought not be denied access to relevant information, and that the opposing party should have access to all relevant information to make their case.
Unlike other privileges, this right is not vested in any party or entity. The court may, of its own motion, prevent admission of evidence if it thinks it may disclose privileged information. The government need not be a party to proceedings for privilege to be raised. Privilege, being vested in the public interest and not a party, cannot be waived by a party. However, if the information has been published elsewhere this is a very strong factor towards the public interest of disclosure.
This privilege may be claimed on two bases. Firstly, that the documents belong to a class of documents which the public interest requires should not be disclosed. In Australia, even for documents belonging to a very high level documents, such as cabinet papers, the court must interrogate whether it really is prejudicial to the public interest to disclose it. Australian judges in general have been more willing to disclose information than judges in England or Canada.
When people seek to protect their narrow and private interests, it is called private-interest privilege.
# Nicole Temmink

Nicole Temmink (born 22 March 1987) Dutch politician from the Socialist Party who briefly served as a member of the House of Representatives in 2023.

## Electoral history

Electoral history of Nicole Temmink. :
| Year | Body | Party | Party | Pos. | Votes | Result | Result | Ref. |
| Year | Body | Party | Party | Pos. | Votes | Party seats | Individual | Ref. |
| 2017 | House of Representatives | | Socialist Party | 30 | 766 | 14 | Lost | |
| 2021 | House of Representatives | | Socialist Party | 13 | 2,370 | 9 | Lost | |
| 2023 | House of Representatives | | Socialist Party | 7 | 2,865 | 5 | Lost | |
# Tongapōrutu

Tongapōrutu is a settlement in northern Taranaki, in the North Island of New Zealand. It is located on State Highway 3 at the mouth of the Tongapōrutu River, 15 kilometres south of Mōkau. Tongapōrutu is well known in New Zealand for its 'Three Sisters' rock formations and its Māori petroglyphs carved into cave rock walls. However, both the Māori rock carvings and the Three Sisters formations are constantly being eroded by the Tasman Sea.
# Armata Neagră

Armata Neagră (English: Black Army) was an organized anti-Soviet group in the Moldovan SSR (Bessarabia).

## Activity

Armata Neagră was formed in 1949 as an organized anti-Soviet group in Bessarabia. Teodor Coşcodan, Ion Ganea, Vasile Plaşca, Simion Alexa, Gavril Bodiu, Gheorghe Bogatu, Ion Coşcodan, Hariton Ciolpan, Pavel Caţer, Mihail Jardan, Grigore Iovu, Grigore Herţa, Maria Buruiană were important members of the clandestine organization. In July 1950, the organization had 50 active members.
# Dorothy Farnum

Dorothy Farnum (10 June 1900 – 27 January 1970) was an American actress and screenwriter. She was noted for her work at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer during the silent era and later in Britain during the 1930s.

## Career

Farnum was the daughter of actor William Farnum and Mabel Eaton and niece of Dustin Farnum. She was educated in a convent boarding school. She mastered French history and literature, and became fluent in Spanish and German.
She acted in two movies released in 1915, The Cub and Over Night, but she became famous for writing plays and novels and then turning them into screenplays. Her most popular screenplays were The Temptress (1926), Sinner or Saint (1923), and Bardelys the Magnificent (1926). Beau Brummel (1924) was very successful too. Most of her films were romantic dramas.
When asked about her writing process, she remarked to the Los Angeles Times in 1926: "You must think with your heart and feel with your head. When I write my scenes I try hard to progress not from one thought to another, but from one feeling to another. For the majority of people want to have their hearts excited and their minds let alone when they come into the world of low lights and soft music of a motion-picture theater."
She was a member of the Warner Bros. scenario department during this time, and a large portion of her work focused solely on scenario adaptions. Dorothy worked with many famous, leading stars and was one of the top writers at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. She moved to Paris and then London, working for Gaumont British. She also worked at United Artists. It was reported by The Washington Post in 1927 that at her peak of her profession, her salary was $2,500 a week.
She married Maurice Barber, the general manager of the Cinema Finance Company, in 1923. Farnum died on January 27, 1970, in North Andover, Massachusetts.

## Partial filmography as writer

* The Cub (1915)
* The Broken Melody (1919)
* Good References (1920)
* Jim the Penman (1921)
* Salvation Nell (1921)
* The Iron Trail (1921)
* The Secrets of Paris (1922)
* The Darling of the Rich (1922)
* His Wife's Husband (1922)
* Modern Marriage (1923)
* Loyal Lives (1923)
* Jacqueline (1923)
* Sinner or Saint (1923)
* Daring Youth (1924)
* Beau Brummel (1924)
* Tess of the D'Urbervilles (1924)
* Lover's Lane (1924)
* Being Respectable (1924)
* Babbitt (1924)
* Rose of the World (1925)
* Recompense (1925)
* Off the Highway (1925)
* Torrent (1926)
* The Temptress (1926)
* Bardelys the Magnificent (1926)
* Dream of Love (1928)
* The Unholy Night (1929)
* Call of the Flesh (1930)
* A Free Soul (1931)
* Lilac (1932)
* Jenny Lind (1932)
* The Constant Nymph (1933)
* Autumn Crocus (1934)
* Jew Süss (1934)
* Evensong (1934)
* Lorna Doone (1934)
* Forbidden Territory (1934)
# Alparslan

Alparslan, or also Alpaslan, "heroic lion" in Turkish, may refer to:

## Given name

* Alp Arslan (1029-1072), Turkic ruler
* Alparslan Arslan (1977-2023), Turkish criminal
* Alparslan Çelik (born 1982), Turkish extremist
* Alparslan Erdem (born 1988), Turkish-German footballer
* Alparslan Türkeş (1917-1997), Turkish nationalist politician

## Surnames

* Ayşenur Alpaslan (born 1953), Turkish woman diplomat and former ambassador

## Places

* Alparslan, Dinar, a village in the district of Dinar, Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey
* Alparslan, Kastamonu, a village in the district of Kastamonu, Kastamonu Province, Turkey
# Platon Aleksandrovich Zubov

Count Platon Aleksandrovich Zubov (January 8, 1835 – January 11, 1890) was a Russian Privy councilor, philanthropist, landowner descended from the Zubov and Suvorov families.
Born in St. Petersburg, Platon Zubov took part in the Crimean War as part of the Kazan Jaeger Regiment where he fought at the Battle of Alma, and during the siege of Sevastopol. Count Platon Alexandrovich, who owned a substantial fortune (Zubov alone had over 56.8 thousand hectares of land), was actively engaged in charitable activities. From 1868 to 1871, he served as a trustee of the House of the Poor under the Imperial Philanthropic Society. From 1871 to 1890, he was a trustee of the Ivanovo Girls' School, for which he donated 2,000 rubles annually and bequeathed a capital of 30,000 rubles. With Zubov's funds, the school's building was also rebuilt and expanded.
He married Vera Sergeevna Plautina in 1869.
# Ring 2 (Oslo)

Ring 2, sometimes called Kirkeveiringen and until 2010 officially known as National Road 161 (Norwegian: Riksvei 161), and now also officially County road 161 (Norwegian: Fylkesvei 161), is the oldest ring road and surface street through densely populated parts of Oslo, Norway.

## Geography

It stretches from Skøyen to Lodalen, a length of 9.7 km. The most important locations along the route are Skøyen, Frogner, Majorstuen, Lindern, Sagene, Carl Berners plass, Tøyen and Galgeberg. Important institutions like the Frogner Park, the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation, Ullevål University Hospital and the University of Oslo are situated along or near the road. The name of streets are Drammensveien—Halvdan Svartes gate—Kirkeveien—Griffenfeldts gate—Marcus Thranes gate—Christian Michelsens gate—Finnmarkgaten—Kjølberggaten—Åkebergveien—St. Halvards gate—Kværnerveien.

## Traffic

Ring 2 is used by both cars and public transportation. The traffic on the route is separated only with traffic lights and roundabouts. The road is connected to major highways such as European route E18, National Road 4 and National Road 190. Major parts of Ring 2 are heavily congested during peak hours, because of low capacity and many large intersections. The route was originally planned to have 4 lanes, but several parts have only 2 lanes. The entire route is a priority road and the speed limit is 50 km/h.
There are some parking garages situated on the western parts of the route. The gas stations along the road are situated on Skøyen, Marienlyst, Fagerborg, Lindern, Carl Berners Plass and Tøyen.
# Sir John Cole, 1st Baronet

Sir John Cole, 1st Baronet (died 1691) was an Anglo-Irish politician.

## Biography

Sir John Cole was the second son of Sir William Cole (died 1653), a key figure in the Plantation of Ulster, and his second wife Catherine Parsons, daughter of Sir Lawrence Parsons of Birr Castle, Baron of the Court of Exchequer (Ireland) and Anne Malham. William was a Londoner, the only son of Emmanuel Cole, from a family which originated in Devon. Sir Arthur Ingram, the investor, landowner and politician was a cousin through William's mother, Margaret Ingram. John's elder brother Michael was the ancestor of the Earl of Enniskillen.
Sir John Cole was a Royalist who, as Governor of Enniskillen, had been a prominent promoter of the interests of Charles II of England. On 23 January 1661, he was made a baronet of Newland in the Baronetage of Ireland in recognition of his loyalty to the Crown. Sir John Cole sat in the Irish House of Commons as the Member of Parliament for County Fermanagh between 1661 and 1666, and from 1661 to his death he was Custos Rotulorum of Fermanagh. Sir John Cole was one of the commissioners appointed to implement the Act of Settlement 1662 in Ireland. In 1675 he was made a member of the Privy Council of Ireland.

## Marriage

Sir John Cole married Elizabeth Chichester, daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel John Chichester and of the Honourable Mary Jones, daughter of Roger Jones, 1st Viscount Ranelagh, and aunt of Richard Jones, 1st Earl of Ranelagh.

## Children

Sir John Cole and his wife Elizabeth had eleven children, amongst whom were -
Arthur Cole, the eldest son, who succeeded to his father's title, and also was made Baron Ranelagh in 1715. Arthur had no issue and both his and his father's titles died with him.
Sir John Cole also had daughters -
Elizabeth married her cousin Sir Michael Cole.
Mary married Henry Hamilton-Moore, 3rd Earl of Drogheda.
Frances married Sir Thomas Domvile, 1st Baronet.
# Queensway, Gibraltar

Queensway is a main coastal road in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar and the only road servicing the oldest leisure marina on The Rock, Queensway Quay. It connects the marina with the industrial park in the southern end of the Gibraltar Harbour.

## Description

Queensway is built on reclaimed land immediately to the west of Line Wall Curtain, Gibraltar's main city wall and runs along most of its length. It was renamed Queensway after a visit by Queen Elizabeth II in 1954. The road begins in northern Gibraltar at the roundabout with Glacis Road and Waterport Avenue. It begins to the southwest for about 100 metres (330 ft) before heading south-southwest. It passes Europort Avenue and Reclamation Road before passing running parallel to Gibraltar Harbour. Near the dockyard there is a roundabout at Ragged Staff Gates connecting it to Ragged Staff Road. Queensway comes to an end at this roundabout, although a road continues into the industrial park and dockyard.

## Economy

Queensway Quay located west of this road takes its name. In the early 1990s, Taylor Woodrow facilitated a £50 million development along Queensway, developing a hotel, apartments and marina complex at the quayside.
# Voiced bilabial click

The voiced bilabial click is a click consonant found in some of the languages of southern Africa. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet for a voiced bilabial click with a velar rear articulation is ⟨ɡ͡ʘ⟩ or ⟨ɡ͜ʘ⟩, commonly abbreviated to ⟨ɡʘ⟩, ⟨ᶢʘ⟩ or ⟨ʘ̬⟩. For a click with a uvular rear articulation, the equivalents are ⟨ɢ͡ʘ, ɢ͜ʘ, ɢʘ, 𐞒ʘ⟩. Sometimes the accompanying letter comes after the click letter, e.g. ⟨ʘɡ⟩ or ⟨ʘᶢ⟩; this may be a simple orthographic choice, or it may imply a difference in the relative timing of the releases.

## Features

Features of the voiced bilabial click:
* The airstream mechanism is lingual ingressive (also known as velaric ingressive), which means a pocket of air trapped between two closures is rarefied by a "sucking" action of the tongue, rather than being moved by the glottis or the lungs/diaphragm. The release of the forward closure produces the "click" sound. Voiced and nasal clicks have a simultaneous pulmonic egressive airstream.
* Its place of articulation is bilabial, which means it is articulated with both lips.
* Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
* It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
* Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, the central–lateral dichotomy does not apply.

## Occurrence

Voiced bilabial clicks only occur in the Tuu and Kx'a families of southern Africa. These sounds are extremely rare and many non-native speakers find it difficult to pronounce. Thus, these sounds are sometimes transliterated as a "g" and a "G" and are pronounced as Velar and Uvular Plosives.