# Timeline of Mecca

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Mecca, Saudi Arabia.

## Prior to 20th century

* 100 BCE - "Yemeni tribes of Jurham rule Mecca."
* 570 CE - Year of the Elephant and the birth of Muhammad.
* 605 CE - Quraish rebuild Kaaba after it was damaged in floods.
* 613 CE - Muhammad starts preaching publicly in Mecca.
* 622 CE / 0-1 H - Muhammad migrates from Mecca to Medina, with followers (muhajirun).
* 7th C. - Masjid al-Haram architectural components began.
* 625-629 : Pilgrim mosques built in numerous countries like (Kerala) India & in China by early disciples of Muhammad.
** Pilgrimage of Muslims to Mecca per Treaty of Hudaybiyyah.
** 11 December: Liberation of Mecca.
* 683 / 63-64 H - Siege of Mecca (683); Kaaba burnt.
* 692 - Siege of Mecca (692).
* 751 - Milestones installed along the Darb Zubaidah [ar] (Baghdad-Mecca road).
* 793 - Harun al-Rashid visits city.
* 810 - Aqueduct built.
* 930 - City sacked by Qarmatians; Black Stone taken out of Mecca.
* 951 - Black Stone returned to Mecca "for a great ransom".
* 1184 - Traveller Ibn Jubayr visits city.
* 1265 - Egyptian Mamluks in power.
* 1326 - Traveller Ibn Battuta visits Mecca.
* 1517 - Ottomans in power; Selim I becomes Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques.
* 1630 - Flood.
* 1631 - Kaaba rebuilt.
* 1802/1803 - Mecca "captured by the Sa'udi-Wahhabi army."
* 1812/1813 - Wahhabis ousted by Egyptian forces.
* 1840 - Ottomans in power again.
* 1855 - The Hejaz rebellion takes place in Hejaz against the Ottoman Empire, and results in riots in both Mecca and Jeddah.
* 1878 - Population estimated by Assistant-Surgeon ʽAbd el-Razzāq at 50,000 to 60,000.
* 1880 - 21 March: Sharif assassinated.
* 1885 - Population: 45,000 (estimate).
* 1886 - Printing press in use (approximate date).

## 20th century

* 1908 / 1325-1326 H
** September: Hejaz Railway (Damascus-Mecca) begins operating.
** Hussein bin Ali becomes sharif.
** Al-Hijaz government newspaper begins publication.
* 1912 - Madrasat al-Falah established.
* 1916 / 1334-1335 H
** June–July: Battle of Mecca (1916).
** Hashimite al-Qibla government newspaper begins publication.
* 1921 - Population: 80,000 (approximate estimate).
* 1924 / 1342-1343 H
** Battle of Mecca (1924).
** 12 December: Umm al-Qura government newspaper begins publication.
** Population: 60,000 (approximate estimate).
** Ali of Hejaz becomes sharif.
* 1925 - City becomes part of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
* 1926 - Al Adl cemetery and al-Mahad al-Ilmi Suudi (school) established.
* 1929 - Amanat al-Asima (municipality) established.
* 1931 / 1349-1350 H - Public library founded (approximate date).
* 1932 - Dar al-Hadith (school) established.
* 1930s - Aziziyya, Faysaliyya, Khayriyya, and Suudiyya schools established (approximate date).
* 1938 - Maktabat al-Haram (library) active.
* 1941 - Flood
* 1945 - Al-Wehda Club (sport club) formed.
* 1949 / 1368-1369 H - Kulliyyat al-Sharia (college) established.
* 1951 - College of Education established.
* 1958 - Al Nadwa (newspaper) newspaper begins publication.
* 1960 - Police academy established.
* 1962
** Slavery abolished.
** Population: 158,908.
* 1964 / 1383-1384 H
** Malcolm X visits city.
** Masjid al-Haram expanded.
* 1966 - Mahad al-Nur (school) established.
* 1969 - Flood.
* 1972 - Hajj televised.
* 1973 - "Master Plan for the Holy City of Mecca" launched.
* 1974 - Population: 366,801.
* 1975 - Fire in Mina.
* 1979 - 20 November-4 December: Grand Mosque seizure.
* 1981 - Umm al-Qura University established.
* 1986 - King Abdul Aziz Stadium opens.
* 1987 - 31 July: 1987 Mecca incident.
* 1992 - Population: 965,697.
* 1997 - 16 April: Mecca fire of 1997.

## 21st century

* 2005 - April: 2005 Islamic Solidarity Games held in city.
* 2006 / 1426-1427 H
** 5 January: 2006 Mecca hostel collapse.
** 12 January: 2006 Hajj stampede.
** December: Abraj al Bait Mall in business.
* 2007 - Jamaraat Bridge for pedestrians rebuilt.
* 2010
** Al Mashaaer Al Mugaddassah Metro begins operating.
** Makkah Clock Royal Tower Hotel in business.
** 1,534,731.
* 2012
** August: Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference held in city.
** Abraj Al Bait built.
* 2013 - Mishaal bin Abdullah Al Saud becomes governor of Mecca Province.
* 2014 / 1435-1436 H - Raffles Makkah Palace hotel and Swissôtel Makkah in business.
* 2015
** 13 July: City visible via Snapchat imagery.
** September: Mecca crane collapse.