# Greek Pavilion

The Greek Pavilion houses Greece's national representation during the Venice Biennale arts festivals.

## Background

The Venice Biennale is an international art biennial exhibition held in Venice, Italy. Often described as "the Olympics of the art world", the Biennale is a prestigious event for contemporary artists known for propelling career visibility. The festival has become a constellation of shows: a central exhibition curated by that year's artistic director, national pavilions hosted by individual nations, and independent exhibitions throughout Venice. The Biennale parent organisation also hosts regular festivals in other arts: architecture, dance, film, music, and theatre.
Outside of the central, international exhibition, individual nations produce their own shows, known as pavilions, as their national representation. Nations that own their pavilion buildings, such as the 30 housed at the Giardini, are responsible for their own upkeep and construction costs as well. Nations without dedicated buildings create pavilions in venues throughout the city.

## Organisation and building

Architect G. Papandréou designed the pavilion, which was built between 1933 and 1934. Brenno Del Giudice, who led the Biennale's Sant'Elena expansion, also collaborated on the project. The pavilion was built in a neo-Byzantine style and in this decision we should see not only a response to the neo-Renaissance style of the Italian Institute and the demonstration of a spirit independent of European modernism, but also a note that directly recalled the Byzantine dimension of Hellenism or the "Greekness" of Byzantium, an extremely topical issue in Greece at that time and a particularly controversial historical issue, due to the nationalist Balkan rivalries, which remained acute after World War I. The pavilion's simple layout includes a T-shaped hall. Greek and diamond patterns adorn the brickwork, and Greco-Byzantine round arches line the portico.
The exhibitions at the pavilion are commissioned by the Hellenic Ministry of Culture.

## Access

Visitors can access the Greek Pavilion either through the main entrance of the Giardini, passing a bridge that is located right after the national pavilions of Israel and Hungary and then turning to the right, or through the back entrance of the Giardini, with the Greek Pavilion being the first in sight.

## Representation by year
### Art

* 1934 — Maria Anagnostopoulou, Umberto Argyros, Constantinos Artemis, Nicolas Asprogerakas (Commissioner: Typaldo Forestis)
* 1936 — Konstantinos Maleas, Nikolaos Lytras, C. Stefanopoulo Alessandridi, Umberto Argyros, Aglae Papa (Commissioner: Typaldo Forestis)
* 1938 — Constantin Parthenis, Michalis Tombros, Angelos Theodoropoulos (Commissioners: Antonios Benakis, Typaldo Forestis)
* 1940 — Aginor Asteriadis, Yannis Mitarakis, Pavlos Rodokanakis, Dimitris Vitsoris, Bella Raftopoulou, Costis Papachristopoulos, George Zongolopoulos, Dimitrios Ghianoukakis, Alexandros Korogiannakis, Efthimios Papadimitriou
* 1950 — Bouzianis Giorgos
* 1976 — Michael Michaeledes, Aglaia Liberaki (Commissioner: Sotiris Messinis)
* 1978 — Yannis Pappas (Commissioner: Sotiris Messinis)
* 1980 — Pavlos (Dionysopoulos) (Commissioners: Sotiris Messinis, Emmanuel Mavrommatis)
* 1982 — Diamantis Diamantopoulos, Costas Coulentianos (Commissioner: Sotiris Messinis)
* 1984 — Christos Caras, George Georgiadis (Commissioner: Sotiris Messinis)
* 1986 — Costas Tsoclis (Commissioners: Nelli Missirli, Sotiris Messinis)
* 1988 — Vlassis Caniaris, Nikos Kessanlis (Commissioner: Emmanuel Mavrommatis)
* 1990 — Georges Lappas, Yannis Bouteas (Commissioner: Manos Stefanidis)
* 1993 — George Zongolopoulos (Commissioner: Efi Andreadi)
* 1995 — Takis (Commissioner: Maria Marangou)
* 1997 — Dimitri Alithinos, Stephen Antonakos, Totsikas, Alexandros Psychoulis (Commissioner: Efi Strousa)
* 1999 — Costas Varotsos, Danae Stratou, Evanthia Tsantila (Commissioner: Anna Kafetsi)
* 2001 — Nikos Navridis, Ilias Papailiakis, Ersi Chatziargyrou (Commissioner: Lina Tsikouta)
* 2003 — Athanasia Kyriakakos, Dimitris Rotsios (Commissioner: Marina Fokidis)
* 2005 — George Hadjimichalis (Commissioner: Katerina Koskina)
* 2007 — Nikos Alexiou (Commissioner: Yorgos Tzirtzilakis)
* 2009 — Lucas Samaras (Curator: Matthew Higgs)
* 2011 — Diohandi (Curator: Maria Marangou)
* 2013 — Stefanos Tsivopoulos (Curator: Syrago Tsiara)
* 2015 — Maria Papadimitriou (Curator: Gabi Scardi)
* 2017 — George Drivas (Curator: Orestis Andreadakis)
* 2019 — Panos Charalambous, Eva Stefani, Zafos Xagoraris (Curator: Katerina Tselou)
* 2022 — Loukia Alavanou (Curator: Heinz Peter Schwerfel)
* 2024 — Conceived by Thanasis Deligiannis and Yannis Michalopoulos, created along with Elia Kalogianni, Yorgos Kyvernitis, Kostas Chaikalis, Fotis Sagonas (Curator: Panos Giannikopoulos)

### Architecture

* 2018: "The School of Athens", curated by Xristina Argyros and Ryan Neiheiser, consisted of adjoining wooden steps with 3D-printed models of common spaces, such as Harvard's Carpenter Center (by Le Corbusier and Cambridge's courtyards.
* 2010: "The Ark. Old Seeds for New Cultures" was a habitable wooden ark containing aromatic seeds, dried fruits, and plants. It had a working kitchen and sleeping area.