OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A Novice at X-Rays

A Novice at X-Rays (French: Les Rayons X; Les Rayons Roentgen) was an 1898 French short silent film by Georges Méliès. It was sold by Méliès's Star Film Company and is numbered 142 in its catalogues.
It may have been inspired by The X-Rays, an 1897 British film by the pioneering showman G. A. Smith, which in turn was likely partly inspired by previous films by Méliès. A Novice at X-Rays is currently presumed lost.
# Macintyre's X-Ray Film

Macintyre's X-Ray Film is an 1896 documentary radiography film directed by Scottish medical doctor John Macintyre.
The film shows X-ray images of a frog's knee joint and an X-ray radiograph of an adult's heart and digestive tract (using bismuth as contrast). Each image was captured in 1/300th of a second.
Text from the film's title card reads:
"First XRay Cinematograph ever taken, shown by Dr. Macintyre at the London Royal Society, 1897."
The title card between the footage of images of the heart and stomach reads:
"XRay Photograph of adult, each Picture taken in the 300th part of a second. A series of these enable us to see a complete cycle of the movements of the heart. The movements of the digestive organs can also be seen and the joints of the body thus facilitating diagnosis of diseases of the bones and joints."
# Senzeni Na?

"Senzeni Na?" (also spelled Senzenina, English: What Have We Done?) is a South African anti‐apartheid folk song. It is a Xhosa struggle song, and is commonly sung at funerals, demonstrations and in churches. Activist Duma Ndlovu compared the influence of "Senzeni Na?" to that of the American protest song, "We Shall Overcome." This seems all the less surprising as Pete Seeger already included an adaptation of Senzeni Na in his repertoire in the 50s and 60s of the last century.
The song has been around at least since the 1950s, and it reached the height of its popularity during the 1980s. The origins of the song are unclear. Zimbabwean poet Albert Nyathi wrote a song by the same title, "Senzeni Na?" on the day that activist Chris Hani died.
The song was among several songs of a more mournful nature that became popular among anti-apartheid activists in the 1960s. The song repeats the line "What have we done" a number of times, which musician Sibongile Khumalo has described as giving the listener a sense of desolation.

## Lyrics

There does not seem to be one universally agreed on set of lyrics. Below are two versions, the bottom one being the more aggressive of the two:
| IsiXhosa/IsiZulu original Senzeni na? Sono sethu, ubumnyama? Sono sethu yinyaniso? Sibulawayo Mayibuye i Africa | English translation What have we done? Our sin is that we are black? Our sin is the truth They are killing us Let Africa return |
| IsiXhosa/IsiZulu original Senzeni na senzeni na Senzeni na senzeni na Senzeni na senzeni na Senzeni na kulomhlaba? Amabhunu azizinja Amabhunu azizinja Amabhunu azizinja Amabhunu azizinja Kuyisono 'kubamnyama Kuyisono 'kubamnyama Kuyisono 'kubamnyama Kuyisono kulelizwe | English translation What have we done, what have we done? What have we done, what have we done? What have we done, what have we done? What have we done in this country (world)? Boers are dogs Boers are dogs Boers are dogs Boers are dogs It's a sin to be black It's a sin to be black It's a sin to be black It's a sin in this country (world) |

## Appearances in the Western world

While best known in South Africa, "Senzeni Na?" has gained some popularity overseas. The song was sung at the funeral scene in the anti‐apartheid film The Power of One as well as during the opening credits of the film In My Country, and a recording of the song as sung at the funeral of Steve Biko can be heard at the end of the album version of "Biko" by Peter Gabriel. It was also sung by Kenneth Nkosi, in a medley which also contained the song "Transkaroo" by Leon Schuster, in the 2012 film Mad Buddies. The music was used for an adaptation of the hymn "When I Survey the Wondrous Cross" by Isaac Watts in the Mennonite Hymnal: A Worship Book.
In Kim Stanley Robinson's Mars trilogy there is a city called Senzeni Na (founded by the Japanese). Part 7 of the book is also titled "Senzeni Na."
# Angely

Angely or Angély is a French name that may refer to:

## People

* Anthony Angély (born 1990), Martiniquais footballer
* Barbara Angely, stage name of Barbara Warren (1943-2008), Austrian-American model and triathlete
* Louis Angely (1787-1835), German actor

## Places

* Angely, Yonne, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France
* Saint-Jean-d'Angély, Charente-Maritime, France
# Playing Cards (film)

Playing Cards (French: Une partie de cartes, literally "A Card Party") is an 1896 French black-and-white silent actuality film by Georges Méliès. It was the first film in Méliès' prolific career, and thus is number one in his Star Film catalogue. It is a remake of Louis Lumière's film The Messers. Lumière at Cards, which was released earlier the same year. Along with Georges Méliès himself, his brother Gaston Méliès and daughter Georgette Méliès also appear in the film.

## Synopsis

It is afternoon in a French garden. Three men are sitting at a table, two of them playing cards while the third smokes and reads a newspaper. The man who is not playing cards calls over a young girl and has her fetch a woman with a bottle of wine. He proceeds to pour glasses for himself and his friends. After drinking the wine, the man reads a story out of the newspaper, and his friends laugh.

## Survival

The film, long presumed lost, was rediscovered after 1981 and included on a home video release in 2008.
# Emil Selenka

Emil Selenka (27 February 1842 – 20 February 1902) was a German zoologist. He is known for his research on invertebrates and apes and the scientific expeditions he organized to Southeast Asia and South America.

## Life

Selenka was born on 27 February 1842 in Braunschweig. He was the son of bookbinder Johannes Selenka (1801–1871). He studied natural history at the University of Göttingen, and following a graduate dissertation on Holothuroidea, he remained in Göttingen as an assistant to Wilhelm Moritz Keferstein (1833-1870). His research was in this period mainly on the anatomy, taxonomy and embryology of marine invertebrates, especially organisms from the phylum Echinodermata. In 1868 he became a professor of zoology and comparative anatomy at the University of Leiden, followed by a professorship at the University of Erlangen in 1874. In 1895 he was given an honorary professorship at the University of Munich. He was co-founder of the journal Biologisches Zentralblatt.
His later research was on mammals. He studied the early development of the embryo and the development of the germ layer in mammals, and did comparative anatomic research on apes, especially gibbons and orangutans. He found evidence that the lateral distribution of orangutan races was caused by geographic isolation (a process called allopatric speciation). Selenka also examined the evolution of marsupials and their morphologic relation with reptiles. One problem he was interested in, was the evolutionary relation between Australian and South American marsupials.
In order to collect material, Selenka organized expeditions to tropical countries. In 1877 he undertook an expedition to Brazil. From 1892 he led an expedition that lasted two years to Southeast Asia, it visited Ceylon, the Dutch East Indies, Japan, China and Australia. Among the participants was his second wife, the zoologist and feminist Margarethe Selenka (1860-1922), whom he married in 1893. When Selenka became severely ill during his stay in the Dutch East Indies and had to return to Germany, his wife continued exploring the jungles of Borneo by herself. The couple wrote a report of their journeys together, titled "Sonnige Welten- Ostasiatische Reiseskizzen". Other publications by Emil Selenka are:
* Beiträge zur Anatomie und Systematik der Holothurien, (1867).
* Zoologische Studien, (1878).
* Studien über Entwickelungsgeschichte der Thiere, (12 volumes, 1883–1913, with Ambrosius Hubrecht).
* "Report on the Gephyrea, collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876"; (published in English, 1885).
* Zoologisches Taschenbuch für Studierende zum Gebrauch bei Vorlesungen und praktischen Übungen zusammengestellt, (1897).
Between 1873 and 1874 and again from 1889 Selenka was a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.
He died on 20 February 1902 in Munich.
# Spelende kinderen

Spelende kinderen (English: Playing Children) was a short Dutch silent film by M.H. Laddé from 1896. The film is lost.
# Budrio

Budrio (Eastern Bolognese: Bûdri) is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Bologna, in Emilia-Romagna, Italy; it is 15 kilometres (9 mi) east of Bologna.
Budrio is the birthplace of Giuseppe Barilli, better known under his pseudonym of Quirico Filopanti, an Italian mathematician and politician.

## History

The area around Burdio was a Roman colony, whose territory was divided between veteran legionaries. The current town was however founded in the 10th-11th centuries AD. The church of San Lorenzo was already active in 1146. In the 14th century Cardinal Gil de Albornoz rebuilt it as a castle, of which the two large towers (1376) can still be seen, while of the walls only a small section remains.

## Main sights

The most notable attraction are the Bentivoglio castle (16th century) and the Villa Ranuzzi Cospi at Bagnarola. The town also houses an art gallery- Pinacoteca Domenico Inzaghi- and the churches of San Domenico del Rosario, San Lorenzo, and Santi Gervasio e Protasio.

## Notable people

* Valeria Buldini, model
* Giuseppe Donati, inventor of the ocarina
* Pierpaolo Donati, sociologist and philosopher of social science
* Quirico Filopanti, mathematician and politician
* Gustavo Fiorini, retired footballer
* Marcello Massarenti, papal almoner (Vatican official)
* Prospero Sarti, engineer, architect, engraver, and collector of antiquities

## Sister cities

* Gyula, Hungary, since 1965
* Eichenau, Germany, since 1991
# Sea Fighting in Greece

Sea Fighting in Greece (French: Combat naval en Grèce) is an 1897 French short silent war film directed by Georges Méliès. It was released by Méliès' Star Film Company and is numbered 110 in its catalogues. The film, one of a series of events related to the Greco-Turkish War of 1897, is set on the gun deck of a man-of-war ship under attack. In reality, there were no naval clashes during the war.

## Synopsis

A naval officer calls his sailors to the deck to assemble around the cannon while he scans the horizon, when the ship is suddenly hit and one of the sailors is injured.

## Production

The film is notable for the deck's realistic pitch-and-toss rolling motion, achieved using an articulated film set that rocked side-to-side in front of a stationary camera. This scenic special effect, which Méliès recreated soon after in his film Between Calais and Dover using the same moving platform, allowed for a degree of realism highly unusual for the time. Méliès himself appears in the film as the officer. The film was shot outside in the garden of Méliès's property in Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis, with painted scenery.
The film, long presumed lost, was rediscovered by John Barnes in August 1988 in the BFI National Archive, where it had been catalogued under the wrong title.
# Michael Rosen (rabbi)

Michael "Mickey" Rosen (Shmuel Meir ben HaRav Yaakov Kopul, 21 January 1945 – 8 December 2008) was a British-born Israeli rabbi and founder of Yakar, an innovative Jewish learning community and synagogue.

## Biography

Michael Rosen was one of three sons of Rabbi Yaakov Kopul and Bella Rosen. He was born in Glasgow, Scotland. His thinking was strongly influenced by his father, who rejected fundamentalism and obscurantism and instead embraced secular wisdom while remaining committed to religious life. Rosen was first educated at Carmel College, the school his father had founded based on this philosophical orientation. He then continued his education at the Slabodka Yeshiva and the Grodno Yeshiva Be'er Ya'akov, both in Bnei Brak. He received semikhah from the latter in 1973. In addition, he studied at the Harry Fischel Institute for Talmudic Research in Jerusalem, and was presented with a second semikhah by Chief Rabbi Isser Yehuda Unterman.
After serving as a rabbi near Manchester, Rosen opened a Jewish educational center in London in 1978 called Yakar – Center for Tradition and Creativity, whose name is an acronym of his father's name, Yaakov Kopul Rosen, and also means precious or worthy in the Hebrew language. In 1992 he established a Yakar center in Jerusalem and, in 2007, another in Tel Aviv. What was unique about the Yakar concept was that it blended traditional Jewish learning with social action, interfaith dialogue and the arts.
In 1994, Rosen received a Ph.D. from University College London after submitting a dissertation entitled A Commentary on Job Attributed to Rashbam. In 2008 he published a book about Hasidic Judaism entitled The Quest for Authenticity: The Thought of Reb Simchah Bunim about Simcha Bunim of Peshischa.
He spent his last three weeks in coma after a fall. He was buried on 9 December 2008 in the Har HaMenuchot cemetery in Jerusalem. He was survived by his wife, Gilla, six children, twenty six grandchildren, his two brothers, Rabbi Jeremy Rosen and Rabbi David Rosen, and his sister, Angela.
He was widely considered one of the most popular and revered Anglo-immigrant rabbis in Israel.
# Peeping Tom at the Seaside

Peeping Tom at the Seaside (French: L'Indiscret aux bains de mer) was an 1897 French short silent film by Georges Méliès. It was sold by Méliès's Star Film Company and is numbered 113 in its catalogues.
The film is one of a small group of risqué "mature subjects" (i.e. stag films) Méliès made around this time; others included A Private Dinner, After the Ball, and A Hypnotist at Work. Peeping Tom at the Seaside is currently presumed lost.
# HELIX (New Brunswick, New Jersey)

The HELIX Health + Life Science Exchange, originally called The Hub for the New Jersey Innovation and Technology Hub, is a research, business incubator and innovation center under construction in New Brunswick, New Jersey, which itself is called The Hub City. It is planned to contain three buildings: H-1, H-2, and H-3.

## Location and buildings

The site was formerly the Ferren Mall, which opened in 1982, was later abandoned and demolished in 2017. It is across the street from the New Brunswick station, served by NJ Transit's Northeast Corridor Line and several Amtrak trains.
H-1: The first phase of HELIX is a 13-story 574,000 square feet building which will house the New Jersey Innovation HUB, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and a Rutgers translational research facility. It includes retail space, a 10,000-square-foot market hall with food options and a 3,000-square-foot restaurant that opens onto a 70-foot-wide plaza. Ground was broken $650 million project in October 2021. It is expected to be completed in 2025 Construction began July 2023. It was topped out in September 2024.
H-2: Designed by HDR, Inc., the second portion of HELIX includes 600,000 square feet of build-to-suit lab and office space. On December 11, 2023 Nokia announced plans to relocate Nokia Bell Labs to the HELIX as the sole tenant of H-2.
H-3: The third phase of the project will include a 42-story mixed used building, including 220 units of housing.

## Stakeholders and tenants

The New Jersey Economic Development Authority, which provided tax credits, and the New Brunswick Development Corporation (DEVCO) are partners in the project. Part of the project will be dedicated to translational research. Tenants (and potential chip manufacturer) will include:
* Rutgers' Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
* Princeton University
* Atlantic Technological University
* Choose New Jersey
* Hackensack Meridian Health
* RWJBarnabas Health
# 2009 Asian Youth Para Games

The 2009 Asian Youth Para Games (Japanese: 2009年アジアユースパラゲームズ, romanized: Nisenkyū-Nen Ajiayūsuparagēmuzu), officially known as the 1st Asian Youth Para Games, was an Asian youth disabled multi-sport event held in Tokyo, Japan from 10 to 13 September 2009. Around 466 athletes from 29 participating nations participated at the games which featured 6 sports consisted of 5 main sports and 1 demonstration sport.
This was the first time Japan hosted the games. Japan is the first nation to host the Asian Youth Para Games. The games was opened and closed by Akihito at the Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium.
The final medal tally was led by host Japan, followed by Iran and China.

## Organisation
### Development and preparation

The Tokyo 2009 Asian Youth Para Games Organising Committee (TAYPOC) was formed to oversee the staging of the games.

### Venues

| City | Competition Venue | Sports |
| Tokyo |
| Tokyo | Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium | Opening ceremony and Wheelchair tennis |
| Tokyo | Olympic Stadium | Athletics |
| Tokyo | Tokyo Tatsumi International Swimming Center | Swimming |
| Tokyo | Yoyogi National Gymnasium | Table tennis and Goalball |
| Tokyo | National Olympics Memorial Youth Center | Boccia |

## The games
### Participating nations

* Cambodia (x)
* China
* Hong Kong
* Iran
* Iraq
* Jordan
* Japan
* Kazakhstan
* South Korea
* Kuwait
* Laos (x)
* Lebanon
* Malaysia
* Mongolia (x)
* Nepal (x)
* Pakistan
* Palestine
* Singapore
* Sri Lanka
* Chinese Taipei
* Tajikistan (x)
* Thailand
* East Timor (x)
* Uzbekistan

#### Guest participating nations

    Play only demonstration sport: Wheelchair tennis
* Australia
* South Africa
* Spain
* Germany
* New Zealand

### Sports
#### Main sport

* Athletics
* Badminton
* Boccia
* Swimming
* Table tennis

#### Demonstration sport

    Athletes of this sport are not entitled to win medals, specially for guest participating nations.
* Wheelchair tennis

### Medal table

* Host nation (Japan)
2009 Asian Youth Para Games medal table :
| Rank | NPC | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Japan (JPN)* | 65 | 26 | 22 | 113 |
| 2 | Iran (IRI) | 26 | 24 | 18 | 68 |
| 3 | China (CHN) | 23 | 5 | 0 | 28 |
| 4 | Iraq (IRQ) | 17 | 9 | 4 | 30 |
| 5 | Hong Kong (HKG) | 17 | 5 | 7 | 29 |
| 6 | Thailand (THA) | 13 | 16 | 3 | 32 |
| 7 | South Korea (KOR) | 13 | 9 | 7 | 29 |
| 8 | Kazakhstan (KAZ) | 7 | 12 | 4 | 23 |
| 9 | Chinese Taipei (TPE) | 7 | 3 | 1 | 11 |
| 10 | Jordan (JOR) | 7 | 1 | 3 | 11 |
| 11 | Kuwait (KUW) | 5 | 10 | 0 | 15 |
| 12 | Malaysia (MAS) | 5 | 7 | 10 | 22 |
| 13 | Uzbekistan (UZB) | 4 | 3 | 1 | 8 |
| 14 | Pakistan (PAK) | 4 | 1 | 5 | 10 |
| 15 | Singapore (SIN) | 4 | 1 | 0 | 5 |
| 16 | Palestine (PLE) | 2 | 3 | 0 | 5 |
| 17 | Lebanon (LIB) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 18 | Sri Lanka (SRI) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Totals (18 entries) | Totals (18 entries) | 219 | 138 | 85 | 442 |
# Francesco di Vannuccio

Francesco di Vannuccio (documented 1356–1389; died before 1391) was an Italian painter born in Siena. A small body of work has been ascribed to this painter, characterized by an attention to and love of pattern and decoration, a tradition dating back in Siena to Simone Martini. A signed and dated double-sided processional standard of 1380, painted on one side with the Crucifixion and on the other side with a painted glass depiction of the Virgin Enthroned with Saints, in the Gemäldegalerie, Berlin (inv. no. 1062B), has been the basis on which a number of other paintings have been attributed. Most of these are small-scale works, richly finished, which were meant for private devotion, suggesting that Francesco di Vannuccio worked for a discerning and wealthy group of private patrons.
# Tony Harn

Tony Harn is an English jazz and progressive musician, a multi-instrumentalist, predominantly guitar but also bass guitar, keyboards and percussion. One half of the jazz guitar duo Mere Morsels with Nick Caldwell. Founder of the prog rock band Nerve Toy (formerly "Nerve Toy Trio"), occasional solo artist and collaborator.

## Discography
### Solo

* From the Inside (1998, self-released)
* Lifebox (1999, self-released)
* Moving Moons (2001, self-released, distributed by Burning Shed)
* Revealed in Black and White (2006, self-released, distributed by Burning Shed)
* Loops (2008, self-released, distributed by Burning Shed)

### with Nerve Toy

* The Hard Cell EP (2011, self-released, distributed by Burning Shed)
* Accidental BBQ (2016, self-released, distributed by Burning Shed)

### Guest appearances

* Tim Bowness/Samuel Smiles: World of Bright Futures (1999, Hidden Art) (co-write/guitars/bass guitar/organ on 'Red Eye Removal')
# George Ramaremisa

Nyambeni George Ramaremisa (born 1 April 1947) is a South African politician and retired colonel from Limpopo. He represented the National Party (NP) in the National Assembly during the first democratic Parliament from 1994 to 1999. He later represented the Democratic Alliance (DA) as a local councillor in Limpopo. During apartheid, he was a member of Venda's military government.

## Early life and career

Ramaremisa was born on 1 April 1947. He is a retired colonel and a former member of the Council of National Unity, the military government of the Venda Defence Force that ruled the Venda Bantustan during the final years of apartheid.

## Political career

In South Africa's first post-apartheid elections in 1994, Ramaremisa stood as a candidate for the NP and gained election to a seat in the National Assembly, the lower house of the South African Parliament. While in Parliament, he was a strident critic of the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Bill, which aimed to broaden access to abortion.
Ramaremisa stood for re-election in 1999, ranked second on the NNP's regional list for Limpopo (then still called the Northern Province), but the NNP did win gain any seats in the Limpopo caucus. In the same election, he stood for election to the Limpopo Provincial Legislature, also ranked second for the NNP, but the party only gained one seat in the province. In the local elections held the following year, he stood for the NNP – by way of the Democratic Alliance – as a mayoral candidate in Limpopo's Thohoyandou Municipality. He initially ran against Samson Ndou of the African National Congress, though Ndou was later replaced by local headman Norman Makumbane. Ramaremisa was sworn in as a local councillor after the election, but he was not elected mayor.
# Sam Knox

Frank Samuel Knox (March 29, 1910 – May 1981) was an American football guard who played three seasons with the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL). He first enrolled at the University of New Hampshire before transferring to the University of Illinois. He initially attended Concord High School in Concord, New Hampshire before transferring to Phillips Exeter Academy in Exeter, New Hampshire and lastly Clark Preparatory School in Hanover, New Hampshire.
# Zenon (footballer)

Zenon de Souza Farias (born March 31, 1954) is a Brazilian former football (soccer) player who played for Avaí, Guarani, Corinthians, Atlético Mineiro and Portuguesa. He was born in Tubarão, Santa Catarina.
He was a skilled central midfielder with a great vision of the field, excellent long passes and was one of the best free kick takers in Brazil during the 1980s. He captained Brazil when they lost 2-0 at home to England in 1984.
# Japan National Route 426

National Route 426 is a national highway of Japan connecting Toyooka, Hyōgo and Fukuchiyama, Kyoto in Japan, with a total length of 49.6 km (30.82 mi).
# Porphyromonas levii

Porphyromonas levii is a Gram-negative, anaerobic bacterium from the genus Porphyromonas, which has been isolated from a bovine rumen.