OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Eureka

The Eureka, also known as the Latin Verse Machine, is a mid-19th century machine for generating Latin verses, created and exhibited by the Quaker inventor John Clark of Bridgwater.
Clark, a cousin of Cyrus Clark, was born at Greinton in Somerset in 1785 and moved to Bridgwater in 1809. There he was first a grocer and later a printer. In 1830 he started work on the Eureka and was able to exhibit it in 1845 in the Egyptian Hall in Picadilly. Visitors, for the admission price of one shilling, could see a machine that resembled a ‘small bureau bookcase’, with six narrow windows in the front. As it prepared each new verse, the machine would play the National Anthem, becoming silent after about a minute, when the verse was complete.

## Verse production

The verses created by the Eureka were gloomy and oracular hexameters, created to a single format, which allowed for many combinations, all metrically sound and (more or less) meaningful.
| Word 1 | Word 2 | Word 3 | Word 4 | Word 5 | Word 6 |
| dactyl | trochee | iamb | molossus | dactyl | trochee |
| adjective, neuter plural nominative (or accusative) | noun, neuter plural nominative (or accusative) | adverb (or parenthesis) | verb, third person plural | noun, neuter plural accusative (or nominative) | adjective, neuter plural accusative (or nominative) |
Verses output from the machine included horrida spona reis promittunt tempora densa ("horrible brides promise tough times") and sontia tela bonis causabunt agmina crebra ("good weapons will cause frequent raids").
This method of verse creation was not Clark’s invention: already in 1677 a John Peter had published a work, "Artificial Versifying, A New Way to Make Latin Verses". Clark’s contribution was to fully automate this process.
The mechanism was a series of six drums turning at different rates within the cabinet. The words were not simply printed on the drums, but encoded as rows of stop wires of different lengths, onto which wooden staves would be dropped. The staves had any letters that might be needed printed on them in a vertical series, and would fall onto the stop wires with the desired letter opposite the window for the word.
Clark described his machine as an illustration of a theory of “kaleidoscopic evolution” whereby the Latin verse is “conceived in the mind of the machine” then mechanically produced and displayed. Clark can be regarded as a pioneer of cognitive science and computational creativity.

## Legacy

After Clark’s death in 1853, the machine passed first to his nephew and then to his cousins Cyrus and James Clark. After it was repaired in 1950 after a period of neglect, it was housed in the Records Office of Clarks’ factory in Street, Somerset. It was later moved to the company's Shoe Museum, but was put into storage in 1996 when it was no longer working. It was renovated in 2015. Since the Shoe Museum closed, the Latin Verse Machine has been in the care of the Alfred Gillett Trust.
# Oleg Kuznetsov (serial killer)

Oleg Vladimirovich Kuznetsov (Russian: Оле́г Влади́мирович Кузнецо́в; 30 April 1969 – 4 August 2000), known as The Balashikha Ripper (Russian: Балашихинский Джек-потрошитель), was a Soviet-Russian serial killer and rapist. Between 1991 and 1992, he killed 10 girls and women between the ages of 15 and 30.

## Biography

Born and raised in Balashikha, Moscow Oblast, Kuznetsov's parents divorced when the boy was just five years old. He lived with his father since he did not get along with his mother. As a child and adolescent he was extremely asocial, but he had an active sexual life, which he began at age 16. He was also a master of biathlon, graduated 8 classes, later GPTU. He studied in the DOSAAF, was drafted into the army, and served in Kyiv.
From 1985 to 1988, before and during his army service, Kuznetsov committed several rapes.

## Murders

He committed his first known murder on 7 May 1991. Kuznetsov worked at the time as a taxi driver. The victim asked him to drive to her house. On the road, Kuznetsov talked to the girl, offering her a drink. Kuznetsov stopped the car near the Kupavna neighbourhood. There, the couple had sex, but in the morning the girl told him that he had to pay for the "night of love" or she would report him to the police. This enraged Kuznetsov, who killed her on the spot. He disposed of her body in a nearby mound, where it was later found by passers-by.
From May to November 1991 he committed a series of rapes in Balashikha.
On the night of 12–13 November 1991, threatening the victim with a knife, he committed another rape in one of the Balashikha cemeteries. The victim recognized the rapist and reported him to the authorities. Taking advantage of the collapse of the USSR and the separation of Ukraine, he moved to Kyiv, where he once served, believing that in the confusion associated with the disintegration of the country, no one would be looking for him there. From then on, he decided to kill his rape victims so they couldn't report him to the police.
In Kyiv, he committed four murders involving rape and robbery: on 6, 19, 24, and 27 January 1992. Some of his victims' eyes were gouged out. The last attack was unsuccessful: the girl, to whom Kuznetsov introduced himself as "Dmitry Fadeev from Balashikha", fought back and gave a description of the attacker. In the operational and investigative circles, he was nicknamed "False Dmitry". In February, he moved to Moscow, where he committed five more murders, similar in style to those in Kyiv on 25 February, and 3, 9, 13, and 21 March 1992. He committed his crimes in the east of the capital, in Izmaylovsky Park.
He was arrested on 26 March 1992, and confessed to all murders and rapes. On 1 December 1993, the court process began. He was sentenced to death, but since by that time Russia had joined the Council of Europe, in 1999 the sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. He was serving his sentence in the colony of special regime IK-1 "Mordovian zone", in the Sosnovka settlement of Zubovo-Polyansky District in the Republic of Mordovia.
Oleg Kuznetsov died of heart failure on 4 August 2000, aged 31.
# Chen Weixing

Chen Weixing (Chinese: 陈卫星; pinyin: Chén Wèixīng; born April 27, 1972, in Inner Mongolia, China) is an Austrian table tennis player of Chinese origin. He has played for SVS Lower Austria for several years.
Chen found it difficult to be selected in China's competitive national team. He made it to the top 15 but the opportunity to play at world class level was limited. Therefore, he decided to venture to Europe, first to Hungary, then Germany then Austria. Chen is considered to be one of the best defensive players in the world, reaching his personal best ranking of World number 9 in 2006.
Since the opening in 2011 Chen Weixing practices at the Werner Schlager Academy in Schwechat, Austria where he also works as a coach since 2015.

## Success

* Winner of the European Champions League: 2007/2008
* Double European Champion 2002
* Vice European Cup 2005
* ETTU-European Cup in 2000, won the TTG Hoengen
# Gianfranco Dalla Barba

Gianfranco Dalla Barba (11 June 1957 – November 2024) was an Italian fencer. He won a gold medal in the team sabre at the 1984 Summer Olympics and a bronze in the same event at the 1988 Summer Olympics. On 22 November 2024, it was announced that Dalla Barba had died from cardiac arrest at the age of 67.
# Luigi Mele

Luigi Mele (11 September 1937 – 14 April 2023) was an Italian racing cyclist. He rode in the 1962 Tour de France as well as in three editions of the Giro d'Italia.
Mele died in Calvi Risorta on 14 April 2023, at the age of 85.

## Major results
### 1962

    1st Stage 6 Tour de Suisse
    2nd Gran Premio Industria e Commercio di Prato
    8th Coppa Placci

### 1963

    3rd GP Alghero

### 1964

    5th Coppa Placci
# Southbound (Mac McAnally song)

"Southbound" is a song written and originally recorded by American country music singer Mac McAnally for his 1990 album Simple Life. It was released as a single by American country music artist Sammy Kershaw. It was released in December 1994 as the third single from the album Feelin' Good Train. The song reached number 27 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

## Content

The song is a ballad about a narrator expressing his nostalgia for his childhood in the Southern United States. According to a review in Gavin Report, Kershaw said that he considered the song the "story of his life".

## Critical reception

Holly Gleason of CD Review described the song favorably, saying that it "paints a moving picture of emotional displacement."

## Chart performance

| Chart (1994–1995) | Peak position |
| Canada Country Tracks (RPM) | 17 |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 27 |
# John Andrew

John Andrew may refer to:

## Politicians

* John Andrew (Wallingford MP), MP for Wallingford, 1360
* John Andrew (Cricklade MP), MP for Cricklade, 1378–1388
* John Andrew (Cambridgeshire MP), MP for Cambridgeshire, 1383
* John Albion Andrew (1818–1867), Governor of Massachusetts
* John Andrew (Australian politician) (1819–1902), Member of the Victorian Parliament between 1877 and 1880
* John Chapman Andrew (1822–1907), New Zealand politician
* John F. Andrew (1850–1895), U.S. Representative from Massachusetts
* Neil Andrew (John Neil Andrew, born 1944), Australian politician

## Religion

* John Andrew (archdeacon) (fl. 1798–1799), British Anglican priest
* John Andrew (priest, born 1931) (1931–2014), British-American Anglican priest, rector of St. Thomas Church, Manhattan

## Others

* John Andrew (engraver), English engraver and printmaker; see Louis Prang
* John Andrew (rugby union, born 1870) (1870–1911), South African international rugby union player
* John Andrew (trade negotiator) (1896–1968), New Zealand farmer and trade negotiator
* John Andrew (rugby league) (fl. 1960–1962), Australian rugby league player
* John Andrew (rugby union, born 1993), Irish rugby union player
# Mustafa Güven Karahan

Mustafa Güven Karahan (1943 – 2 September 2013) was a Turkish politician. He served as the Minister of Health 1999.
Karahan graduated from Istanbul University's Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty. He completed his thesis at Hacettepe University's Faculty of Medicine. He worked as the Urology department of the Bandırma State Hospital. He served as the deputy of Balıkesir in the 20th and 21st terms. Karahan was married and had two children.
# Gianluca Berti

Gianluca Berti (born 20 May 1967) is an Italian former professional footballer who played as a football goalkeeper.

## Football career

Berti was born in Florence. He started playing professionally with A.C. Prato, in the third division, representing Olbia Calcio in the same level, in 1990–91.
From 1991 to 2007, he alternated between the Serie A and B, with Genoa C.F.C., Pisa Calcio, A.C. Ancona, U.S. Città di Palermo (playing 42 matches in the Sicilians 2004 top flight promotion), A.S. Roma, A.C. Reggiana 1919, Ravenna Calcio, Empoli F.C., Parma F.C., Torino F.C., ACF Fiorentina, U.C. Sampdoria and A.C. Cesena.
In June 1998, Gianluca Berti was transferred to Perugia, in exchanged with Stefano Guidoni, but in July he left for Ravenna.
Aged 41, after still managing 11 first division appearances for Sampdoria, in 2006–07, Berti re-joined the third level in 2008, moving to Novara Calcio, in the Serie C1/Lega Pro Prima Divisione.
He left professional football in 2009, joining Eccellenza Tuscany side Jolly & Montemurlo.

## Honours

Palermo
* Serie B: 2003–04
# Ricardo Barros (politician)

Ricardo José Magalhães Barros (born 15 November 1959 in Maringá) is a Brazilian politician, civil engineer and businessman. He is a federal deputy and former mayor of Maringá. He is married to the Vice Governor of Paraná, Cida Borghetti. He is the son of the former mayor of Maringá Silvio Magalhães Barros and brother to the also former mayor Silvio Barros. In 2010, Barros was candidate for the Federal Senate, getting more than 2 million votes.
He is national vice-president of the Progressive Party (PP) and president of the National Council of Secretaries of Economic Development. In 2012, he was national coordinator of the city elections of PP, winning in his electoral domicile. He graduated as an Engineer at the State University of Maringá.
He was appointed on 12 May 2016 as Minister of Health by president Michel Temer, after the suspension of president Dilma Rousseff due to her impeachment process.
Gilberto Occhi, then president of Caixa Econômica Federal, succeed him as Minister, since Barros resigned to run for federal deputy at the 2018 general elections.
# Dro

Dro or DRO may refer to:

## Places

* Dro, Trentino, Italy, a commune
* Drouin railway station, Victoria, Australia
* Durango-La Plata County Airport, Colorado , United States (IATA code: DRO)
* San Leandro, city near Oakland, California

## People

* Drastamat Kanayan, an Armenian general known as Dro
* Edwige-Renée Dro, Ivorian writer, translator and literary activist
* Young Dro, an American rapper

## Organizations

* Dro Records, Discos Radioactivos Organizados
* Dro (Georgian newspaper), a Georgian newspaper
* U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Office of Detention and Removal

## Technology

* Dielectric resonator oscillator
* Digital read-out, a precision measuring instrument used in machinery and metalworking
* Distant retrograde orbit, a highly stable lunar orbit
* Dro, slang for hydroponically-grown marijuana
* Dynamic range optimizer, a setting on some digital cameras

## Other uses

* Darwin Reconnaissance Orbiter, a fictional spacecraft from Alien Planet
* Debt relief order, a form of bankruptcy in England and Wales
* Disaster relief operation
# Gianluigi Placella

Gianluigi Placella (born 19 March 1948) is an Italian fencer. He competed in the team épée event at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
# Ahmed Zaki Badreldin

Ahmed Zaki Badr is a former Minister of Education for Egypt.

## Early life and education

Badr is the son of the former minister of interior in Egypt, Zaki Badr. He received his Bachelor of Science degree in engineering from Ain Shams University in 1982. He then obtained Master of Science degree again from Ain Shams University in 1986. He also received his PhD from University of Nantes, France in 1990.

## Career

Badr was appointed minister of education on 3 January 2010. His appointment was not welcomed by the Muslim Brotherhood. During his term, his activities led to protests. Badr was replaced by Ahmed El Din in 2011. At the end of 2011 he began to serve as the president of the Akhbar El Youm Academy.
# Gianni Di Marzio

Giovanni "Gianni" Di Marzio (8 January 1940 – 22 January 2022) was an Italian professional football manager.

## Career

After leaving his footballer career for an injury, Di Marzio debuted as a manager in 1968 in Serie C. He had his breakout as the coach of Catanzaro, where after his second season in charge, led the team to an unexpected promotion to Serie A in 1976. The team then finished 15th in only their second ever Serie A campaign and were automatically relegated. Di Marzio had shown enough to earn a move to Napoli for the following season.
With Napoli, Di Marzio was a Coppa Italia finalist in 1978, losing the trophy against Inter Milan. In 1983 he brought Catania in Serie A, and in 1988 Cosenza in Serie B. He retired from management after failing to rescue Palermo from relegation in 1992.
Di Marzio successively took on a career as a football pundit and manager, working as Maurizio Zamparini's collaborator during his periods at Venezia and Palermo, as well as transfer consultant and scout at Queens Park Rangers.

## Managerial statistics

| Team | Nat | From | To | League Record | League Record | League Record | League Record | League Record | Cup Record | Cup Record | Cup Record | Cup Record | Cup Record | Total | Total | Total | Total | Total |
| Team | Nat | From | To | G | W | D | L | Win % | G | W | D | L | Win % | G | W | D | L | Win % |
| U.S. Catanzaro 1929 | Italy | 1 July 1974 | 30 June 1977 | 106 | 36 | 39 | 31 | 033.96 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 016.67 | 119 | 38 | 43 | 38 | 031.93 |
| U.S. Catanzaro 1929 | Italy | 1 July 1988 | 30 June 1989 | 31 | 7 | 14 | 10 | 022.58 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | !— | 31 | 7 | 14 | 10 | 022.58 |
| Total | Total | Total | Total | 137 | 43 | 53 | 41 | 031.39 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 016.67 | 150 | 45 | 57 | 48 | 030.00 |

## Personal life

Di Marzio's son, Gianluca, is a renowned Italian football journalist and pundit, working with Sky Italia.

## Death

He died in Padua on 22 January 2022, at the age of 82.
# Mahmoud Abo El-Nasr

Mahmoud Mohamed Mahmoud Abo El-Nasr (born 1953) is an Egyptian engineering professor and politician. He was the minister of education in the interim government of Hazem Al Beblawi and held the position in the interim government of Ibrahim Mahlab.

## Biography

Mahmoud Abo El-Nasr received PhD from Reading University, England in 1986, and went on to do post-doctoral work at Washington State University. He has been department head, dean, university vice president and professor of mechanical engineering at the Ain Shams University. In September 2010 he joined the ministry of education as deputy minister, leading the ministry's technical education sector.
He was sworn into the Egyptian cabinet as minister of education on 16 July 2013. He replaced Ibrahim Deif in the post. On 23 July Nasr announced that the ministry was considering delaying the start of the next school year, to ensure textbooks were fully available. He is part of the Second Mahlab Cabinet.
# Ismail al-Qabbani

Ismail al-Qabbani (Arabic: إسماعيل القباني; born in 1898 in Asyut Governorate–1963) was an Egyptian reforming educationalist. He introduced to the Egyptian education system the concept of Pragmatism. He was also convinced that education in Egypt should be indigenous and rooted in Egyptian and Arabic culture. He became Dean of the Institute of Education. He established the Journal of Modern Education in 1948 and later became Minister for Education.
# Gianpietro Marchetti

Gianpietro Marchetti (Italian pronunciation:; born 22 October 1948) is a retired Italian professional footballer who played as a defender.

## Honours
### Juventus

* Serie A champion: 1971–72, 1972–73.
# Gianvito Martinelli

Gianvito Martinelli (born 23 May 1969) is an Italian former professional racing cyclist. He rode in the 1994 Tour de France.
# Giordano Colausig

Giordano Colausig (born December 16, 1940, in Gradisca d'Isonzo) is a retired Italian professional football player.
He played for 7 seasons (89 games, 7 goals) in the Serie A for L.R. Vicenza, A.S. Roma and Brescia Calcio.
# Giorgio Pennacchietti

Giorgio Pennacchietti (born 21 October 1931) is an Italian former sports shooter. He competed in the 25 m pistol event at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Mat Kirkby

Mat Kirkby is a Welsh filmmaker. In 2015, he won the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film for directing The Phone Call, a short drama film starring Sally Hawkins and Jim Broadbent. Kirkby wrote the film with his colleague James Lucas who both had family who worked on helplines. The short had its world premiere at the 2014 Tribeca Film Festival, where it also won Best Short Film. He began his career as a director of commercials and music videos for artists including Adele, Muse and Basement Jaxx.
# Giorgio Roselli

Giorgio Roselli (born 1 October 1957) is an Italian professional football coach and a former player who played as a midfielder.

## Career

Born in Montone, Roselli began playing football with local side Spoleto. In 1975, he signed with Internazionale, where he would make his Serie A debut against Roma on 25 January 1976.
On 1 October 2018, he was hired by Sambenedettese.
On 24 June 2019, he signed with Serie C club Monopoli. After two league games, one win and one loss, he was fired on 2 September 2019.
On 10 January 2020, he was appointed as head coach of the Maltese Premier League team Senglea Athletic. His experience leading the Cottonera side only lasted until the end of February, when he was relieved of his duties by the club.
On 17 February 2021, he was named new head coach of Serie C club Vibonese until the end of the season.
On 1 December 2023, Roselli returned to management as the new head coach of relegation-struggling Serie C club Brindisi. He was dismissed on 20 February 2024, leaving Brindisi in last place in the league.
# Giosuè Stucchi

Giosuè Stucchi (13 March 1931 – 10 May 2021) was an Italian professional footballer who played as a midfielder.
He played for seven seasons (168 games, 2 goals) in the Serie A for Udinese Calcio and A.S. Roma.
In 1956 he seriously injured Oscar Massei, which prevented Massei from making his debut for the Italy national team, for which he was called up. Massei ended up never playing for Italy.
# Giovanni Cervone

Giovanni Cervone (born 16 November 1962 in Brusciano) is an Italian former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He is now the goalkeeping coach for the Lebanon national team.

## Honours

Roma
* Coppa Italia winner: 1990–91.
# Giovanni Corbyons

Giovanni Corbyons (born January 1, 1900, in Rome) was an Italian professional football player.
He played 2 games in the Serie A in the 1929/30 season for A.S. Roma.
* This biographical article related to association football in Italy, about a midfielder born from 1900 to 1909, is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Bearhawk Companion

The Bearhawk Companion is an American amateur-built aircraft, designed by Bob Barrows, that is produced by Bearhawk Aircraft of Austin, Texas, introduced in August 2019. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction, with first customer deliveries in October 2019.

## Design and development

The design goals for the Companion were to produce an aircraft with the features of the Bearhawk Patrol, but with side-by-side configuration seating, in response to customer demand and a deposit from a launch customer.
The Companion features a strut-braced high-wing, a two side-by-side seats in an enclosed cabin accessed by doors, fixed conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.
The aircraft has a newly designed welded 4130 steel tubing fuselage, covered in doped aircraft fabric. The wing is identical to the Patrol wing and is made from aluminum sheet components and is covered in flush-riveted aluminum sheet. The acceptable engine power is 150 to 210 hp (112 to 157 kW) and will include four-stroke powerplants ranging from the Lycoming O-320 to the Lycoming IO-390.
The first flight of a completed aircraft by the launch customer took place on 17 May 2021. The aircraft took ten months and 1,000 hours to complete.

## Operational history

A 2021 review in Aviation Pros called it "a very rugged utility plane with a large area for cargo."

## Specifications (Companion)

Data from AvWeb
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Capacity: one passenger
* Gross weight: 2,200 lb (998 kg)
* Powerplant: 1 × Lycoming O-320 four cylinder, air-cooled, four stroke aircraft engine, 150 hp (110 kW)
Performance
* Stall speed: 35 mph (56 km/h, 30 kn)