OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# St John the Divine's Church, Pemberton

St John the Divine's Church is in Church Street, Lamberhead Green, Pemberton, Wigan, Greater Manchester, England. It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Wigan, the archdeaconry of Warrington, and the diocese of Liverpool. The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building. It was a Commissioners' church, having received a grant towards its construction from the Church Building Commission.

## History

The church was built between 1830 and 1832 to a design by Thomas Rickman and Henry Hutchinson. A grant of £4,913 (equivalent to £580,000 in 2023) was given towards its construction by the Church Building Commission. It was consecrated on 26 September 1832, and was originally a chapel of ease to Wigan Parish Church. Between 2008 and 2011 the church was modernised with the creation of a kitchen, toilets and a meeting area at the west end.

## Architecture

St John's is constructed in brick with sandstone dressings, and has slate roofs. Its architectural style is Gothic Revival. The plan consists of a nine-bay nave, north and south aisles, north and south porches, and a short single-bay chancel. At the west end are corner pilasters, each containing a blind lancet window, rising to a turret containing a louvred lancet, and with an embattled parapet. In the centre of the west front is a gabled doorway flanked by buttresses, the gable of the doorway containing a shield. Above it is a triple stepped lancet window, and over this is a blind lancet. Each bay along the sides of the aisles contains a lancet window. The east window consists of a stepped triple lancet. Inside the church are three galleries carried on cast iron columns. The ceiling is flat.

## External features

The boundary walls and gates to the west and south of the churchyard are also listed at Grade II. The walls and gate piers are in sandstone, and the elaborate gates are in wrought iron. The churchyard contains 25 war graves of Commonwealth service personnel, 14 of World War I and 11 of World War II.
# Bendiks H. Arnesen

Bendiks Harald Arnesen (9 June 1951 – 12 November 2024) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.

## Life and career

Arnesen was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Troms in 1997, and has been re-elected on two occasions. He had previously served as a deputy representative during the terms 1989–1993 and 1993–1997.
On the local level he was a member of the municipal council of Kvæfjord Municipality from 1971 to 1975 and 1979 to 1995, serving as deputy mayor in 1983–1985 and mayor from 1986 to 1995. He chaired the municipal party chapter from 1980 to 1986 and the county chapter from 1990 to 1992. He was a member of the Labour Party national board from 1991 to 1992.
He did not have higher education, but mainly worked on a boat before entering national politics.
Arnesen died on 12 November 2024, at the age of 73.
# Thomas Radcliffe (MP died 1440)

Sir Thomas Radcliffe (c. 1391-1440), of Astley and Winmarleigh, Lancashire, was an English Member of Parliament (MP).
He was a Member of the Parliament of England for Lancashire in May 1421, 1423 and 1433.
# List of political parties in Libya
## Parties with seats in the General National Congress

* National Forces Alliance
* Justice and Construction Party
* National Front Party
* Wadi al-Hiya Alliance
* Union for Homeland
* National Centrist Party
* Libyan National Democratic Party
* The Message
* The Foundation
* National Party for Development and Welfare
* Nation & Prosperity
* Authenticity & Renewal
* Authenticity & Progress
* Moderate Umma Assembly
* Libik Watani
* National Gathering of Wadi al-Shati
* Moderate Youth Party
* Libyan List for Freedom & Development
* National Coalition of Parties
* Libya the Hope
* Wisdom Party

## Other parties

* Taghyeer Party
* Libu Party
* Ensaf Movement
* Democratic Party
* Homeland Party
* Party of Reform and Development
* Libyan National Movement
* Popular Front for the Liberation of Libya
* Ihya Libya
* Libyan Constitutional Union
* Libyan Amazigh Congress
* Alhaq and Democracy Party of Benghazi
* Libyan National Congress Party
* New Libya Party
* National Unity of Libya Party
* Freedom and Development Party of Libya
* The Patriotic Reform Party
* National Solidarity Party
* The Libyan National Party
* Umma Party
* Justice and Democracy Party of Libya
* Libya Future Party
* Libyan Center Party
* National Democratic Assembly for Justice and Progress
* Libya Development Party
* Libyan Universal Party
* National Democratic Alliance
* New National Congress Party
* Tawasul Party
* Libyan National Democratic Party for Justice and Development
* Libya Our Home and Tribe Party
* Libyan Liberation Party
* Libya for All Party
* Unity Movement
* Democratic Youth Party
* National Democratic Assembly
* Wefaq Party
* Libyan National Democratic Assemblage
* Ansar Al Horria
* Libyan Unionist Party

## Banned parties

* Libyan Popular National Movement

## Defunct parties

* Arab Socialist Union
* Libyan Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
* Libyan Communist Party
* Muslim Association of the Lictor
* National Front for the Salvation of Libya
* National Conference for the Libyan Opposition
* Libyan National Democratic Front
* Libyan Freedom and Democracy Campaign
# Pawan Kumar Joshi

Pawan Kumar Joshi (born 2 April 1995) is an Indian professional footballer, who plays as a right back for Sudeva FC in the I-League and has represented Delhi in Santosh Trophy.

## Career
### Early career

Born in Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand Pawan began his career with IYSA. At the age of 17, he was signed by City FC and won A Division league of Delhi Soccer Association and secured promotion to DSA Senior Division.

### Hindustan FC

In July 2015, Pawan signed for Hindustan FC. He played for Hindustan FC in 2014–15 I-League U19, I-League 2nd Division and DSA Senior Division. Pawan also captained the side and they were qualified for the final round of 2014–15 I-League U19 from Rest Of India Zone. He was later promoted to the senior team. Joshi was a regular in the senior team during their 2017–18 I-League 2nd Division season and they finished as the runners-up in the season.

### Sudeva Delhi FC

Pawan joined Sudeva Delhi FC in 2018, and made his senior team debut for the team in DSA Senior Division. In August 2020, the club won the bid for direct entry into the I-League. The club played its first match against Mohammedan SC on 9 January 2021 and registered their first I-league victory against All India Football Federation's developmental side Indian Arrows. Pawan made his first ever professional debut in the I-League after coming on as a substitute in extra time against Chennai City FC. He was included in the starting line-up of the following match played against NEROCA on 16 March.
# New Western History

The "new western history" movement emerged among professional historians in the 1980s, a belated manifestation of the 1970s "new social history" movement. The new western historians recast the study of American frontier history by focusing on race, class, gender, and environment in the trans-Mississippi West. The movement is best known through the work of Patricia Nelson Limerick, Richard White, William Cronon, and Donald Worster. The philosophy and historiography of the new western historians is discussed thoroughly and supportively in Patricia Nelson Limerick, Clyde Milner II, and Charles E. Rankin, eds., Trails: Toward A New Western History. An overview of the New Western History is available in Clyde Milner, et al., The Oxford History of the American West.
Like the new social historians, new western historians made important contributions. By focusing on race, class, gender, environment, they added to the work of older Borderlands scholars of Hispanic studies, furthered the understanding of Native Americans in the United States and frontier women, and worked the fertile ground of twentieth-century western history.
Frontier history did not show the impact of the new social history until over a decade after most other historical fields. The reason for the lag is that frontier history, from its inception in Frederick Jackson Turner’s 1893 "Frontier Thesis" paper, had always been home to a strong school of non-Marxist economic determinists (“Progressives”). These “old” western historians had addressed multiethnic and environmental issues on the Colonial, trans-Appalachian, and trans-Mississippi frontiers. Although they left much work undone, these Progressives planted the fields the new western historians later harvested.

## References and further reading

* Allen , Michael. , "The ‘New’ Western History Stillborn," The Historian 57 (Fall 1994), 201-208 and "Cowboyphobia, or The Emperors Wear No Duds," Journal of the West 36 (October 1997), 3-6.
* Bernstein, Richard. "Unsettling the Old West," New York Times Magazine March 18, 1990. https://www.nytimes.com/1990/03/18/magazine/unsettling-the-old-west.html?pagewanted=all
* Limerick, Patricia Nelson. Clyde Milner II, and Charles E. Rankin, eds., Trails: Toward A New Western History (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1991). ISBN 978-0-7006-0501-9
* Massip, Nathalie. "When Western History Tried to Reinvent Itself: Revisionism, Controversy, and the Reception of the New Western History." Western Historical Quarterly (Spring 2021) 52#1 pp 59-85.
* White, Richard It's Your Misfortune and None of My Own: A New History of the American West (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991). ISBN 0-8061-2366-4
# BYD E-Vali

The BYD E-Vali is a light commercial vehicle manufactured by BYD Auto.

## History

The BYD E-Vali made its debut at the IAA Motor Show in Hanover, Germany, in September 2024. It is a large delivery van designed specifically for the European market. Sales will start in early 2025 in selected countries in Europe.
The E-Vali took the form of a large, single-body van with a large front window and a large glazed passenger compartment. The front fascia gained characteristic, low-set lighting. In the interior, the vehicle is equipped with two displays: a digital instrument cluster and a central touchscreen multimedia system display.
The E-Vali is offered with two length variants. The shorter one, with a body length of less than 6 meters, gained a load capacity of 700 kg (1,543 lb) and 13.9 m$^3$ (491 cu ft) of transport space. The larger, 7-meter-long model gained a 1,450 kg (3,197 lb) payload and 17.9 m$^3$ (632 cu ft) of cargo space.

## Specifications

The BYD E-Vali is available with a fully electric drive system in two variants. The basic 203 hp has rear-wheel drive, and the top 340 hp offers AWD. The 80.64 kWh battery has an electric range of approximately 220–240 kilometres (137–149 mi) on a single charge. The model supports up to 188 kW of DC fast charging, allowing it to replenish from 10 to 80% of the battery state in 30 minutes.
# Schuman-Josaphat tunnel

The Schuman-Josaphat tunnel (French: Tunnel Schuman-Josaphat; Dutch: Schuman-Josafattunnel) is a 1,250 metres (4,100 ft) double track rail tunnel in Brussels, Belgium, which entered into service on 4 April 2016. It links line 161 (Brussels-Namur) just after Meiser station and line 26 (Halle-Vilvoorde) at the Cinquantenaire/Jubelpark tunnel just before Schuman station. The line is numbered L161A.
A key component of the Brussels Regional Express Network (RER/GEN) project, the tunnel passes beneath the Avenue Plasky/Plaskylaan, the Place de Jamblinne de Meux/Jamblinne de Meuxplein and the Cortenbergh/Kortenberg road tunnel. The position of the tunnel in the Brussels rail network is shown in the simplified map on the right.
Benefits of the project include reducing the journey time from the European Quarter (Brussels-Schuman and Brussels-Luxembourg railway stations) to the airport from half an hour to less than 15 minutes by opening a direct route and avoid having to change at Brussels-North railway station, as well as opening a parallel route through Brussels to take pressure off the saturated North–South connection

## Project details

The project began in June 2008 and was planned to take 1,645 days to complete. Construction is taking place in two phases. Firstly, the shell was dug out, which finished in late 2011. Secondly, equipping the tunnel with tracks, etc. was scheduled to last from late 2010 to late 2013. In fact, track laying began in 2014.
The tunnel was expected to be officially opened on 12 December 2015, but the opening was postponed until 9 April 2016 because the mandatory safety test could not be held due to the Brussels lockdown. The opening date was designed in the framework of the Brussels RER 2015 plan, which had to be modified until the tunnel could be put into service. The safety test was eventually held on 25 February 2016, and the tunnel opened on 4 April.
The cost of the tunnel is estimated at €210 million, funded through Beliris, a joint venture between the Belgian Federal State and the Brussels Region. The project is also managed by Infrabel.
Unusual construction techniques were used to limit disturbance to local residents and protect the appearance of Brussels. It was decided to carry out the work without opening the tunnel from the surface so the digging is being done without a tunnel boring machine, but rather by hand or using small excavators. The Cortenbergh road tunnel was built with extra deep foundations to accommodate a future rail tunnel beneath it. Elsewhere, the tunnel passes close beneath the cellars of buildings, and in any case delivering a TBM in central Brussels would have created great disruption. Similar techniques were used during the construction of the underground junction passing under Antwerpen-Centraal railway station.
* Brussels-Schuman railway station looking north towards the Schuman-Josaphat tunnel
* Meiser railway station looking south towards the Schuman-Josaphat tunnel
# Kevin Bawden

Kevin Wayne Bawden AM (born 1946) is an Australian Paralympics competitor in six sports and a leading disability sports administrator in Australia.

## Personal

Bawden was born in 1946 and lives in Adelaide, South Australia. He contracted polio at the age of four and at the age of 18 became involved in sport. He was employed with the Australian Government in several management roles for thirty five years until in 2001. From 2001 to 2006, he was the chief executive officer of a not-for-profit organisation in Adelaide.

## Sports career

Bawden participated in four Summer Paralympics, three as an athlete and one as an official and coach. At the 1968 Tel Aviv Games, he participated in archery, dartchery, lawn bowls, table tennis, wheelchair basketball and wheelchair fencing. At these Games, South Australian wheelchair athletes represented Australia for the first time. He participated in shooting, table tennis and wheelchair basketball at the 1976 Toronto Games. At the 1984 Stoke Mandeville Games, he participated in shooting. He was a wheelchair sports official and assistant basketball coach at the 1988 Seoul Games. Bawden won a gold medal in the Smallbore Rifle at the 1974 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games in Dunedin, New Zealand. He participated at the FESPIC Games.
He represented South Australia at twelve National Championships for wheelchair athletes.

## Sports administration

At age 19, Bawden established Wheelchair Sports Association of South Australia. He was President of the Association for 28 years. He was Chairman of the inaugural National Junior Disability Games. At these Games, the Kevin Bawden Shield recognised his enormous contribution to junior disability sport. He was awarded Member of the Order of Australia for his contribution to disability sport. Australia's greatest Paralympic shooter, Libby Kosmala states that Bawden played a role in her initial involvement in shooting.

## Recognition

* 1985 – The Lord's Taverners Award – recognition of individuals who make a significant contribution to junior wheelchair sport in Australia
* 1986 – Sir Ludwig Guttmann Award – recognition of individuals who make significant contribution to wheelchair sport in Australia.
* 1995 – Order of Australia (AM) – in recognition of service to people with physical disabilities, particularly as President of the Wheelchair Sports Association of SA
* 2000 – Australian Sports Medal
* Two awards are named in honour of Bawden – Disability Recreation & Sports SA (formerly Wheelchair Sports SA) Kevin Bawden AM Encouragement Award and Kevin Bawden Shield awarded to the State with the highest average points per athlete the National Junior Games for the Disabled.
# Harold J. Kushner

Harold Joseph Kushner is an American applied mathematician and a Professor Emeritus of Applied Mathematics at Brown University. He is known for his work on the theory of stochastic stability (based on the concept of supermartingales as Lyapunov functions), the theory of non-linear filtering (based on the Kushner equation), and for the development of numerical methods for stochastic control problems such as the Markov chain approximation method. He is commonly cited as the first person to study Bayesian optimization, based on work he published in 1964.
Harold Kushner received his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from the University of Wisconsin in 1958.

## Awards and honors

* In 1992 the IEEE Control Systems Award
* In 1994 the Louis E. Levy Medal from The Franklin Institute
* In 2004 the Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award from the American Automatic Control Council, for "fundamental contributions to stochastic systems theory and engineering applications, and for inspiring generations of researchers in the field"
# Ironi Nesher F.C.

Ironi Nesher (Hebrew: עירוני נשר) is an Israeli football club based in Nesher. They are currently in Liga Alef and play home matches at the Nesher Stadium.

## History

The club was founded in 2009 as a successor to Hapoel Tel Hanan, which was founded in 1954 and dissolved in 2009. Hapoel Tel Hanan was based in the Tel Hanan neighborhood of Nesher, and spent three seasons in the second tier of Israeli football, first in the 1975–76 season, where they were placed 14th in Liga Alef Northern division, and later in the new second tier at the time, Liga Artzit, where they were placed 13th in the 1981–82 season, and finished bottom in the following season and relegated to Liga Alef. their last season as Hapoel Tel Hanan was 2008–09, in the Samaria division of Liga Gimel, the lowest tier of Israeli football, where they finished in the eighth place.
The new club, Ironi Nesher, started the following season at the same division in Liga Gimel. Although they finished in the third place, they were eventually promoted to Liga Bet North B division, after one spot was vacated in this league, as Maccabi Beit She'an dissolved.
In the 2013–14 season, the club won Liga Bet North B division, and was promoted to Liga Alef.
In the 2014–15 season, the club finished runners-up in Liga Alef North division, and qualified for the Promotion play-offs. After beating Hapoel Migdal HaEmek 4–3 on penalties (after 2–2) in the first round and Hapoel Beit She'an 2–1 in the second round, Ironi Nesher won 1–0 against the Liga Alef South play-off winner, Beitar Kfar Saba, and stood 180 minutes away from promotion to Liga Leumit, when they faced the 14th placed in 2014–15 Liga Leumit, Hapoel Nazareth Illit. Ironi Nesher lost 1–5 on aggregate (0–5, 1–0) and remained in Liga Alef.
In the 2015–16 season, the club won Liga Alef North division and promoted to Liga Leumit.

## Current squad
### As to 28 November 2024

| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 1 | GK | ISR | Omer Kabilo |
| 2 | DF | ISR | Daniel Dadon |
| 3 | DF | ISR | Kfir Hamias |
| 5 | DF | ISR | Akram Shreh |
| 6 | MF | ISR | Loay Shaban |
| 7 | MF | ISR | Omer Turgeman |
| 8 | FW | ISR | Qasem Najar |
| 9 | FW | ISR | Ezaat Khalaila |
| 10 | FW | ISR | Odai Shalata |
| 11 | MF | ISR | Yagel Peretz |
| 13 | MF | ISR | Omer Shmuel |
| 14 | MF | ISR | Inalem Abraham |
| 15 | MF | ISR | Sahar Sheto |
| 17 | DF | ISR | Zein Al-Din Shalata |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 18 | DF | ISR | Niran Megira |
| 21 | DF | ISR | Shalev Ben Muha |
| 24 | MF | ISR | Ryan Halabi |
| 29 | FW | ISR | Sapir Razon |
| 44 | GK | ISR | Ori Ben Shushan |
| 55 | GK | ISR | Moshe Lankri |
| 77 | MF | ISR | Shalev Valerstein |
| 87 | DF | ISR | Ibrahim Agbaria |
| 99 | MF | ISR | Yagel Dahan |
| — | DF | ISR | Shay Elgrabli |
| — | DF | ISR | Erez Hasson |
| — | MF | ISR | Lior Dahan |
| — | FW | ISR | Amit Amzaleg |

## Honours
### League

| Honour | No. | Years |
| Third tier | 2 | 1974–75$^1$, 2015–16 |
| Fourth tier | 1 | 2013–14 |
| Fifth tier | 1 | 1998–99$^1$ |
$^1$Achieved by Hapoel Tel Hanan.
# Saint Euphemia (Mantegna)

Saint Euphemia is a glue on tempera painting of Saint Euphemia by Andrea Mantegna, now in the Museo nazionale di Capodimonte in Naples. It is signed and dated 1454 on a small cartouche at the bottom, inscribed OPVS ANDREAE MANTEGNAE / MCCCCLIIII.
# Valentino Gasparella

Valentino Gasparella (born 30 June 1935) is a retired Italian track cyclist. He won a gold medal in the team pursuit at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne (with Antonio Domenicali, Leandro Faggin and Franco Gandini). In the 1000 m sprint he won the world title in 1958 and 1959, and two bronze medals: at the 1957 World Championships and 1960 Summer Olympics.
# Anisimovka, Vologda Oblast

Anisimovka (Russian: Анисимовка) is a rural locality (a village) in Myaksinskoye Rural Settlement, Cherepovetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 5 as of 2002.

## Geography

Anisimovka is located 59 km (37 mi) southeast of Cherepovets (the district's administrative centre) by road. Dor is the nearest rural locality.
# Nicholas Coles

Nicholas Joe Howard Coles (born Nov. 11, 1947 in Leeds, England) is a British-American scholar in working-class literature and composition studies, and is Professor Emeritus of English at the University of Pittsburgh.

## Life

He holds BA and MA degrees from Oxford University (Coles was educated at Balliol College, where he was awarded a first-class undergraduate degree), and he holds MA and PhD degrees from the State University of New York at Buffalo. His 1981 PhD dissertation was titled The Making of a Monster: The Working Class in the Industrial Novels and Social Investigations of 1830–1855.
He wrote and taught about literacy, pedagogy, contemporary poetry, and teacher-research. His best-known book, Working Classics (1990), co-edited with Peter Oresick, was the first scholarly work to highlight a seldom acknowledged working-class presence within contemporary American poetry.
In the 1990s he was also a field director of the National Writing Project (NWP). From the late 1980s until 2002 he directed the Western Pennsylvania Writing Project, a site of the NWP, working to improve children's writing and academic performance in K-12 schools in the Western Pennsylvania region.

## Family

Coles is the eldest of four children. His father, John Howard Coles, was educated at Jesus College, Cambridge, and served as a solicitor in Leeds, England, having co-founded the law firm Walker Morris . Coles has lived in the United States since 1972 and is a citizen. He has lived in Buffalo, N.Y.; Boulder, Colo.; and primarily in Pittsburgh, Pa. In 1990 he separated from his ex-wife Annie Kraft, the mother of his elder son, in order to establish a relationship with psychotherapist, author, and artist Jennifer Matesa, whom he married in 1994; they had a son, Jono Coles (now an architect). Currently he lives with his third wife, Venezuelan educator Camila Machado.

## Works

* Nicholas Coles; Peter Oresick, eds. (1995). For a Living: The Poetry of Work. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-06410-4.
* Peter Oresick; Nicholas Coles, eds. (1990). Working Classics: Poems on Industrial Life. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-06133-2. nicholas coles.
* Nicholas Coles; Janet Zandy, eds. (2007). American Working-Class Literature: An Anthology. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-514456-7.