OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Carl Greyling

Carl Heinrich Friederich Greyling is a South African politician who represented the Western Cape in the National Assembly from 1999 to 2009. He was the chief whip of the New National Party (NNP) until September 2005, when he crossed the floor to the African National Congress (ANC).

## Legislative career

In the 1999 general election, Greyling was elected to an NNP seat in the National Assembly, representing the Western Cape constituency. He was re-elected to his seat in the 2004 general election and served as the NNP's chief whip in the assembly.
Months after the election, in October 2004, he and seven other NNP members announced that they intended to defect from the party to the ANC during the next floor-crossing period. Greyling said that he had made his decision in consultation with local party members and after studying the Freedom Charter and the national Constitution. He officially remained an NNP member until 1 September 2005, when, at the outset of the 2005 floor-crossing window, he formally joined the ANC.
# E. N. Sudhir

E.N. Sudhir (1948 – 3 July 2022), was an Indian international football player who played as a goalkeeper. He represented Goa at the Santosh Trophy and made his debut at the tournament in 1972.

## Career

Sudhir made his international debut against Indonesia in Rangoon (currently Yangon) in the Olympic qualifiers in 1972. He represented India in nine matches. Sudhir was a part of the Indian squad in the 1973 Merdeka Cup and the 1974 Asian Games. At the domestic level, he played for Kerala in the Santosh Trophy in 1969 and 1970. He later switched to Goa and represented them in 1971, 1972, and 1973. He also played for Maharashtra in 1975. At the club level, Sudhir played for several clubs, including Vasco Sports Club and Mahindra & Mahindra.

## Personal life and death

Sudhir suffered from gall bladder-related problems. He died on 3 July 2022.
# James Kati

Zamiwonga James Kati (4 January 1924 – 29 September 2006) was a South African politician and anti-apartheid activist who represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly until his death in 2006. He joined the ANC in 1949 and was a member of the Umkhonto we Sizwe underground in the Transkei.

## Early life and activism

Kati was born on 4 January 1924 in Luheweni, a village in Ngcobo in the former Cape Province. He joined the ANC in Cape Town in 1949 and was first arrested in 1952 during the Defiance Campaign. After the ANC was banned by the apartheid government in 1960, he became a leading member of its underground in the region that became the Transkei bantustan. He also joined the ANC's armed wing, Umkhonto we Sizwe, where he was known by the nom de guerre Castro.
He was detained for his political activities on several occasions and was imprisoned on Robben Island between September 1964 and July 1971. He served another six-year prison sentence in the 1980s. After the democratic transition, he testified to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission that he had been severely tortured while in detention.

## Legislative career

Kati was not initially elected to Parliament in South Africa's first post-apartheid elections in 1994, but he joined the National Assembly during the legislative term that followed, filling a casual vacancy in the ANC's caucus. He was not immediately re-elected in the next general election in 1999 but returned on 3 July 2001, filling the casual vacancy that had arisen when Smangaliso Mkhatshwa was elected Mayor of Tshwane in 2000. Kati was re-elected in 2004, representing the Eastern Cape constituency, and at the time of his death, aged 82, he was the oldest serving Member of Parliament.

## Personal life and death

Kati's wife died during apartheid while he was imprisoned. He was hospitalised in Umtata in 2006 and died on 29 September. ANC deputy president Jacob Zuma spoke at his funeral.
# Louisa Mabe

Louisa Lorato Mabe (born 6 October 1959) is a South African politician who served as the North West's Member of the Executive Council (MEC) for Finance from 2009 to 2012 and as MEC for Education from 2012 to 2013. Before joining the North West Provincial Legislature, she represented her party, the African National Congress (ANC), in the National Assembly from 2001 to 2009. Premier Thandi Modise fired her from the Executive Council in June 2013 after she was accused of involvement in procurement irregularities.

## Parliament: 2001–2009

Mabe was born on 6 October 1959. She joined the National Assembly on 3 July 2001, filling a casual vacancy in the ANC's caucus, and was elected to a full term in the seat in the 2004 general election.

## Executive Council: 2009–2013

In the 2009 general election, Mabe was elected to an ANC seat in the North West Provincial Legislature, ranked 15th on the ANC's provincial party list. After the election, on 8 May 2009, Premier Maureen Modiselle appointed Mabe to the North West Executive Council as MEC for Finance, Modiselle's own former portfolio. In addition, from August 2010 she acted as MEC for Sports, Arts and Culture after the incumbent, Grace Pampiri-Bothman, was fired for insubordination.
Modiselle resigned from office in November 2010 and was replaced as Premier by Thandi Modise, who initially retained Mabe as MEC for Finance. However, in a reshuffle announced on 3 May 2012, Modise moved Mabe to a new portfolio as MEC for Education. While Mabe was in that portfolio, there was a public controversy about a multi-million-rand contract the provincial Department of Finance had signed under her custodianship: the department had allegedly contracted a law firm owned by Mabe's personal acquaintance at an inflated price. She was harshly criticised in the provincial legislature's Standing Committee on Public Accounts, at that time chaired by Hlomane Chauke, and in June 2013 she was fired by Modise. In a statement, Modise said that Mabe's removal was not a finding of guilt against her but a pragmatic move "aimed at faster delivery and eliminating the need for us to answer for hang-ups".
Mabe did not stand for re-election to the provincial legislature in the next general election in 2014. However, in the 2021 local elections, she stood as a candidate for election to an ANC seat as proportional-representation councillor in the North West's Rustenburg Local Municipality.
# Nozizwe Mbombo

Nozizwe Diana Mbombo is a South African politician who represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly from 1999 to 2009. She was elected in the 1999 general election, representing the Gauteng constituency, and she was re-elected in 2004 on the ANC's national list.
# Nokuzola Mndende

Nokuzola Mndende (born 25 March 1957) is a South African academic, cultural activist, and politician from the Eastern Cape. Her academic work concerns traditional religious beliefs in Africa and particularly in Xhosa culture. She also represented the United Democratic Movement (UDM) in the National Assembly from 1999 to 2003.

## Academic career

Born on 25 March 1957, Mndende completed her PhD in religious studies at the University of Cape Town in 2002. Before she joined Parliament in 1999, she was a lecturer in African traditional religion at the University of Cape Town. She has also lectured on African traditional religion at the University of South Africa and currently is an adjunct professor in sociology and anthropology at Nelson Mandela University.
In 2019, she was appointed as a part-time commissioner at the Commission for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Communities, and she is founder and director of the Icamagu Heritage Institute, based in Dutywa, Eastern Cape.

## Legislative career

In the 1999 general election, Mndende was elected to an ANC seat in the National Assembly. She left Parliament in 2003 and resumed her academic career.
# Storey Morutoa

Masefele Rosalia "Storey" Morutoa (14 May 1939 – 7 July 2021) was a South African politician who represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly from 2001 to 2019, serving the Gauteng constituency. She chaired the Joint Monitoring Committee on Women from 2004 to 2009 and the Joint Multi-Party Women's Caucus from 2014 to 2019. A veteran of the ANC, which she joined in 1965, Morutoa was active in the anti-apartheid movement in Soweto.

## Early life and activism

Morutoa was born on 14 May 1939. She joined the ANC underground in 1965, while the party was still banned by the apartheid government, and in the 1980s was active in the Federation of South African Women and in civic organisations in Soweto. After the ANC was unbanned, she rose through its ranks, serving as the executive of the party's branch, regional, and then provincial branches. She was also a former member of the national executive committee of the ANC Women's League.

## Legislative career: 2001–2019

Morutoa was sworn into an ANC seat in the National Assembly on 1 November 2001, filling the casual vacancy created when Duma Nkosi left to become Mayor of Ekurhuleni. She was elected to her first full term in the 2004 general election and ultimately served continuously in her seat until the 2019 general election, representing the Gauteng constituency.

### JMC on Women: 2004–2009

From 2004 to 2009, she succeeded Lulu Xingwana as chair of Parliament's Joint Monitoring Committee on the Improvement of the Quality of Life and Status of Women (JMC). She entered the JMC at a difficult time: former chair Pregs Govender, under whom the JMC had taken on an activist role, had resigned in mid-2002 under pressure from her party. Under Morutoa, the JMC was described as having "lost momentum" and as "practically dysfunctional"; the Mail & Guardian suspected that Morutoa retained the chairmanship "by keeping her head low". The committee was dissolved and replaced by a portfolio committee after the 2009 general election.

### Women's Caucus: 2014–2019

After the 2014 general election, Morutoa was the MP who nominated Jacob Zuma for election to his second term as President of South Africa; she said that her motion was the will of "the African National Congress and millions of South Africans". During the legislative term that followed, she chaired Parliament's Joint Multi-Party Women's Caucus.
Under her leadership, the caucus made the legal status of sex work a priority issue. Morutoa advocated strongly for the full decriminalisation of sex work, arguing that it was the only way to allow sex workers full access to the criminal justice system, had the potential to address South Africa's HIV/AIDS crisis, and was supported both by evidence and by sex workers themselves. When the South African Law Reform Commission published a report which recommended against full decriminalisation, the women's caucus under Morutoa held a summit on sex workers at which stakeholders were invited to make submissions on the report and broader policy.

## Retirement and death

Morutoa left Parliament after the 2019 general election and died on 7 July 2021 from COVID-19.
# Congregation of France

The Congregation of France (French: Labaye de Sainte Genevieve et la Congregation de France lit: The Abbey of Sainte Genevieve and the Congregation of France) was a congregation of houses of canons regular in France.. Its members were called Génovéfains after the Abbey of St Genevieve, the motherhouse of the congregation.

## History

The congregation was founded by Cardinal de La Rochefoucauld, commendatory abbot of St Genevieve at the behest of Louis XIII to reform the monastic communities in France, starting with those closest to Paris. In April 1622 La Rochefoucauld was named papal commissioner for the reform of the old religious orders in France. He called Charles Faure from the Abbey of St. Vincent in Senlis, where Faure had already initiated the formal observance of the Rule of St. Augustine. Faure was elected Prior General of the new congregation, a position he held until his death in 1644. Although the motherhouse was St. Genevieve, the congregation held its General Chapter at St. Vincent every three years, to honor its role in the reform of the canonical life in France.
The religious habit that they wore were white, covered by a linen rochet, and a black cloak for outside the abbey. The administration of parishes was an essential part of the Genovéfains' work. One of the earliest to come under their care was Saint-Étienne-du-Mont, adjacent to St. Genevieve. In 1683 the parish church of Saint-Medard in the Faubourg Saint-Marcel was placed under the jurisdiction of the abbot of the nearby abbey.
The antiquary Richard Augustine Hay became a canon at St. Genevieve in 1678. Astronomer and naval geographer, Alexandre Guy Pingré was made librarian of St. Geneviève and built an observatory at the Abbey. Around 1740, Louis, Duke of Orléans decided to retire to the Abbey of St Genevieve. From then on, he became known as Louis le Génovéfain.
By the eighteenth century the order had 107 monasteries and over 1300 canons, who primarily cared for the sick in their hospitals and almshouses. The congregation was suppressed during the French Revolution. In 1744 King Louis XV vowed that if he recovered from his illness he would replace the dilapidated abbey church of St Genevieve with a building worthy of the patron saint of Paris. Work proceeded slowly and the re-modelled abbey church of St. Genevieve was finally completed in 1790, shortly after the beginning of the French Revolution, when it became the Panthéon. The abbey later became the Lycée Henri-IV.
# Nomsa Mtsweni

Nomsa Sammy Mtsweni is a South African politician who has represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the Mpumalanga Provincial Legislature and the National Assembly, including as a Member of the Mpumalanga Executive Council from 2004 to 2007 and from 2014 to 2016. She has also served as Mayor of Thembisile Hani Local Municipality and Dr JS Moroka Local Municipality.

## Political career

Mtsweni formerly represented the ANC in the National Assembly, the lower house of the South African Parliament. In the 2004 general election, she was elected to an ANC seat in the Mpumalanga Provincial Legislature. Premier Thabang Makwetla also appointed her to the Mpumalanga Executive Council, where she served as a Member of the Executive Council (MEC) for Agriculture and Land Administration. She held that position for less than a year before, in January 2005, she was named as MEC for Culture, Sport and Recreation. In February 2007, in another reshuffle, Makwetla fired her from the Executive Council altogether. She remained an ordinary Member of the Provincial Legislature.
Mtsweni subsequently left the legislature and did not return until the 2014 general election, in which she was ranked ninth on the ANC's provincial party list. After the election, Premier David Mabuza appointed her to his second-term cabinet as MEC for Social Development. However, her tenure was again short-lived: she stood as a candidate in the 2016 local elections and was elected as Executive Mayor of Thembisile Hani Local Municipality, necessitating her departure from the provincial legislature. Her portfolio in the Executive Council was transferred to Busi Shiba.
As of 2022, Mtsweni was the Executive Mayor of Dr JS Moroka Local Municipality.
# Randy Pieterse

Randy Desmond Pieterse (born 17 April 1956) is a South African politician and former trade unionist who represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly from 1999 to 2009, serving the Western Cape constituency. He is a former provincial leader of the Congress of South African Trade Unions (Cosatu) in the Western Cape. In 2006, he was convicted of stealing from Parliament in the Travelgate scandal.

## Early life and career

Born on 17 April 1956, Pieterse was formerly the head of the Western Cape branch of Cosatu.

## Legislative career: 1999–2009

He joined the National Assembly in the 1999 general election and served two terms in his seat, gaining re-election in 2004. He served the Western Cape constituency. Though he stood for re-election in the 2009 general election, he was ranked tenth on the ANC's party list for the Western Cape and narrowly failed to win a seat.

## Travelgate

In August 2004, the Scorpions named Pieterse as among the numerous MPs who were under investigation for possible abuse of parliamentary air-travel vouchers, in what became known as Travelgate. Pieterse had allegedly allowed friends to use his vouchers at Parliament's expense. In October 2006, he signed a plea deal with the Scorpions, in terms of which he pled guilty to theft in the Cape High Court. The theft concerned an amount of R60,000 in service benefits and he was sentenced to pay a fine of R25,000 or serve three years' imprisonment; he was also sentenced to a mandatory five years' imprisonment, suspended conditionally.
According to IOL, Pieterse was viewed as an example of a junior ANC MP who had been "'sacrificed' at the expense of the 'bigger fish'" who had not been prosecuted for their involvement. Speaking to his colleagues in the Portfolio Committee on Communications after his conviction, Pieterse said that he did not hold any grudges, saying, "I am not angry at anybody. I am angry at myself. I should have been more careful. I had to pay R25 000 for my lesson. I hope others can get the lesson free just by observing what I have done." However, he said that he would challenge any decision by the party or Parliament to remove him from his seat, since "My intention was never to defraud Parliament". He was not removed from his seat, but he and other convicted MPs received a formal reprimand from the Speaker of the National Assembly, Baleka Mbete, in March 2007.
# John Mutton

John Roderick Mutton (20 September 1947 – 15 May 2022) was a British politician. He was the Labour group leader on Coventry City Council from May 2003 until May 2013, Leader of Coventry City Council from 2010 to 2013 and Lord Mayor of Coventry in 1997.
In 2010, John Mutton told The New York Times, regarding British government cuts in spending: "It feels like they’re just sticking a finger in the air and guessing."
Mutton lost his position as Labour group leader in May 2013 in a leadership election that was won by Ann Lucas, which had been predicted. After losing the election, he became a member of a special committee appointed to oversee the Ricoh Arena.
In 2013, Mutton started an e-mail chain amongst Labour Party members making jokes about Margaret Thatcher's funeral. When the e-mail was made public he was forced by the national party leaders to make an apology.
John Mutton died Sunday 15 May 2022, having only been reelected as a councillor the same month.
# Johnny Schippers

Johannes "Johnny" Schippers (29 June 1943 – 31 January 2009) was a South African politician from the Western Cape. A former teacher, he served in the National Assembly from 2000 to 2004 and from 2005 to 2009. He was a member of the New National Party (NNP) until September 2005, when he crossed the floor to the African National Congress (ANC).

## Early life

Schippers was born on 29 June 1943 in Tulbagh in the former Cape Province. He held a BA from the University of South Africa and a BEd from the University of the Western Cape, and he was a teacher and school principal by profession. He represented the National Party, the NNP's forerunner, as a local councillor in Tulbagh from 1995 to 1999.

## Legislative career: 2000–2009

In the 1999 general election, Schippers stood for the NNP as a candidate for election to the National Assembly's Western Cape caucus, but he was not initially elected. Instead, he joined the assembly on 14 August 2000, replacing Abe Williams. He served as the NNP's spokesman on safety and security during the legislative term that followed.
Schippers was not immediately re-elected in the 2004 general election and again joined the legislature during the legislative term, replacing Cecil Herandien on 26 August 2005. By then, NNP leader Marthinus van Schalkwyk had announced the NNP's intention to disband. The week after being sworn in, during the floor-crossing window, Schippers followed van Schalkwyk and most of the NNP's other representatives in resigning from the NNP and joining the governing ANC. He served the rest of the term under the ANC banner.

## Personal life

Schippers was married. He died on 31 January 2009 in a car accident while travelling home to Tulbagh from the ANC's regional constituency office in Worcester.
# Arasa Kattalai

Arasa Kattalai (transl. King's Order) is a 1967 Indian Tamil-language historical action film, written and directed by M. G. Chakrapani, starring M. G. Ramachandran and B. Saroja Devi, with Jayalalithaa, M. N. Nambiar and S. A. Ashokan in supporting roles. It was released on 19 May 1967.

## Plot

A monarch believes that he has committed a terrible fault and commits suicide to make amends, not without having indicated his successor: Vijayan, a man of the people, that one who had come to punish him, a fearless knight, for an act of bravery. Before dying, the monarch orders Vijayan to protect his subjects and to put back the power into the hands of the people. By so acting, the deceased king had also just thwarted the Machiavellian intentions of its Minister. Indeed, this traitor intends to seize the throne. But it will be for another time, because this sinister dignitary is going to make every effort to sabotage the reforms of Vijayan. To begin with, by eliminating him.

## Cast

* M. G. Ramachandran as Vijayan
* B. Saroja Devi as Amala
* Jayalalithaa as Moghana
* S. A. Ashokan as Vilavan
* M. N. Nambiar as Amudha's guardian
* R. S. Manohar as the perfidious minister
* Nagesh as the tribal leader
* P. S. Veerappa (guest-star) as the King of the Kumari
* K. R. Ramasamy as the patriot with the flag (guest star)
* N. S. Natarajan as a tribal
* Kundumani as a rustic fellow
* Madhavi as Jambha

## Production

The film initially began under the title Bhavani, which was written by A. K. Velan and was to be directed by Masthan. M. G. Ramachandran's brother Chakrapani produced this film, which got shelved after some progress. Chakrapani later revived this film as Arasa Kattalai, with Ramachandran returning to star. Apart from directing, Chakrapani made a cameo appearance in the film. Jayalalithaa earned the title "Kavarchi Kanni" through this film.

## Soundtrack

Soundtrack was composed by K. V. Mahadevan. The songs "Aadi Vaa" and "Vettaiyadu Vilayaadu" became chartbusters.

## Release and reception

Arasa Kattalai was released on 19 May 1967. The film ran for 10 weeks in theatres, and was not commercially successful. Kalki said the film, despite its flaws, would satisfy Ramachandran's fans.

## In popular culture

The song "Vettaiyadu Vilayadu" inspired Gautham Vasudev Menon to title his 2006 film of the same name.
# Kenneth Khumalo

Kenneth Kayilo Khumalo is a South African politician and civil servant who represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly from 2004 to 2009, having been elected in the 2004 general election. As of 2020, he worked at the provincial Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs in the Northern Cape government.
In 1985, Khumalo was one of the Upington 26 charged with participating in the murder of policeman Jetta Sethwala during an anti-apartheid protest in the township of Paballelo, Upington in the Cape Province. He was accused number one in the subsequent murder trial, which saw him and thirteen others convicted on the basis of the common purpose doctrine and sentenced to the death penalty. He was on death row in May 1991 when the sentence was overturned on appeal.
# Violet Meruti

Maseokwane Violet Meruti is a South African politician who represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly from 2004 to 2009. She was elected in the 2004 general election. She is a member of the ANC Veterans' League in the Northern Cape.