# Alfred Momotenko-Levitsky

Alfred Momotenko-Levitsky (Russian: Альфред Момотенко-Левицкий; born 7 August 1970), also known as Fred Momotenko or just Momotenko, is a Russian and Dutch composer, percussionist, and sound engineer. Born to a musical family, he pursued studies in music in his native Soviet Union, where his experiences with vocal music and audio recording were important to his later development. An invitation to play in the Netherlands led him to settle there permanently. Initially composing electronic and multimedia works, a commission that led him to discover Alfred Schnittke's Choir Concerto eventually resulted in his later works being increasingly influenced by Znamenny and Byzantine chant.

## Early life and education

Momotenko was born in Lvov, Ukrainian SSR on 7 August 1970. His father was a military doctor, as well as a choirmaster and pianist; his mother was a singer and actress. Momotenko said that his later interest in vocal music was determined by his musical upbringing.
The serious illness of one of Momotenko's siblings forced his family to move to warmer regions. They initially went to the Moldavian SSR, then to the Georgian SSR, until they finally settled in the city of Sochi, Russian SFSR. Exposure to the various cultures within the Soviet Union during this period provided Momotenko with what he later called the "dynamic base of [his] musical ripening". He grew up in Sochi and began his musical training there as a percussionist and conductor, eventually graduating from the city's College of the Arts. During his studies, he also developed an interest in electronic music and in the works of Karlheinz Stockhausen and György Ligeti.
Subsequently, he studied percussion at the Moscow State Institute of Culture. By this point, he had begun to compose songs based on his own poetry. These early compositions were played in public and recorded on reel-to-reel tapes; his experience with the latter initiated his interest in audio recordings.
In 1990, amidst the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Momotenko and other Russian musical students were invited for a period of six months to perform in the Netherlands. This permitted him the opportunity to enroll at the Brabant Conservatory, where he studied percussion and improvised music. His choice of school led to his family's emigration from the Soviet Union. Momotenko's early compositions, musical instruments, personal papers, and library of scores and recordings were abandoned in Moscow and consequently lost.
While at the Brabant Conservatory, Momotenko decided to devote himself to composition, whereupon he became a student of Willem Jeths. Momotenko also studied with Alexandru Hrisanide, Vinko Globokar, and Roderik de Man [nl].

## Career

Jazz and light music were the primary focus of Momotenko's early career. These soon were supplanted by works that demonstrated his growing commitment to contemporary music. At first, his compositions explored the possibilities of sound that resulted from the combination of acoustic and electronic instruments. This developed into a creative shift into sonology and post-graduate studies at the Royal Conservatory of The Hague.
Momotenko composed a variety of multimedia musical works, including for robots, during this period. Increasing possibilities in digital sound and ease in working with these inversely resulted in decreasing interest from audiences; this exhaustion became palpable to Momotenko himself.
At the start of his career in the Netherlands, Momotenko avoided composing for choirs, a reaction that was prompted by having been over-saturated with choral singing in his youth. Nevertheless, he did enjoy performing as a chorister in his student years. An invitation to compose a celebratory work for the forthcoming inauguration of a former abandoned monastery into a public building caused the composer to reflect:
   Personally, I experienced [the secular inauguration of this abandoned monastery] as a tragedy because another monastery was down—however, in the Netherlands it seems almost "normal" that abandoned churches and monasteries were sold or demolished... So, I couldn't write any "festive" note, and this led to a dark choral piece. But still I remember this moment that changed my perspective on composition completely.
As preparation for his musical contribution to this event, Momotenko listened to Alfred Schnittke's Choir Concerto. Although the work was composed while Momotenko lived in the Soviet Union, censorship at the time prevented his acquaintance with it. His elation over the music's quality and serious theme was coupled with a personal epiphany to return to the roots of musical composition, without the need of mechanical and electronic intermediaries. "This felt like returning home", he later said.
In recent years, Momotenko has studied Znamenny and Byzantine chant. Both styles were unknown to him in his youth in the Soviet Union. One of the products of his studies has been the choral work Na Strastnoy, which sets on verses by Boris Pasternak; it is based on the former style of chant. After composing it, Momotenko said his life changed. Through his knowledge of chant, he said he better understood the resources that composers like Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Sergei Rachmaninoff, and Igor Stravinsky drew upon in their work. He regretted not knowing chant sooner and not having the direct connection to it that Russian composers in the 19th century had. Comparatively speaking, he said, Soviet composition students of his time had been "raised on dry rations" that were required to be in accord with the tenets of socialist realism.
Momotenko has since stated that computers encourage passivity in their users and that he does not compose music with their aid in order to avoid distractions.
Aside from music for electronics and choirs, Momotenko's output includes works for orchestra, piano duet, and organs.

## Personal life

Aside from working as a composer, Momotenko is a sound engineer. According to him, the job is necessary because it is impossible for all but a very few of his Dutch compatriots to be able to financially support themselves from composition alone. "For the rest of us, it is a hobby", he said, "by which I mean to say in terms of earning an income". Momotenko has criticized the Dutch government's lack of funding for the arts. He also condemned the owners of the Concertgebouw for renting the hall to dance parties hosted by DJs utilizing amplified electronics; equipment that he said results in damage to the building.
Some of the composers that Momotenko has listed as personal favorites include Rachmaninoff, Stravinsky, Ligeti, Sergei Prokofiev, and Einojuhani Rautavaara. Upon first hearing the latter, Momotenko said, he felt surprise, adding that the Finnish composer's style was close to his own.
Momotenko is married to Babette Appels. While acknowledging his Russian origins, he identifies himself as a Dutch composer. He said that he admires Dutch ingenuity and the way its people "fought the sea". At home, he says that he has returned to the "old Slavic way of life".

## Compositions

Momotenko's compositions include:
| Title | Instrumentation | Year | Notes |
| Menuetto | Organ | 2001 | |
| Drinklied | Voice and vibraphone | 2002 | Based on a poem by Gerrit Krol |
| Eneato | Violin or viola | 2003 | |
| VariA | Piano, violin, and cello | 2003 | |
| Les ondes de l'escarpolette | Piano | 2004 | |
| Liquid pArts | String quartet | 2005 | |
| Der letzte Traum | Wind quintet | 2006 | |
| Chimères I | Three organs | 2007 | |
| Au clair de la lune | Four-part vocal ensemble and surround audio | 2008 | Based on the eponymous French folk song |
| Cecilia | SATB choir | 2012 | |
| Cloud Messenger | Recorder, multimedia, and surround audio | 2012 | Based on the eponymous poem by Kālidāsa |
| Les vingt doigts | Piano four-hands | 2016 | Composed for Igor Roma and Nikola Meeuwsen as a companion to Stravinsky's Les cinq doigts |
| Danco Konsonanco | Recorder, pan flute, viola, accordion, and percussion | 2016 | |
| Na Strastnoy | SATB choir | 2017 | Composed as a companion to Rachmaninoff's All-Night Vigil and based on the eponymous poem from Pasternak's Doctor Zhivago |
| Our Father | SATB choir | 2019 | Setting of the Lord's Prayer in Old Church Slavonic |
| Earth's Prayers | Orchestra | 2021 | Composed as a companion to Gustav Mahler's Das Lied von der Erde |
| Madame en noir | Orchestra | 2021 | Premiered by the Rotterdam Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Valery Gergiev |
| Creator of Angels | SATB choir | 2021 | Based on the poetry of Bella Akhmadulina |
| When you ask me (the Crystal Whistle song) | Siffleurs and female or girls' choir | 2021 | Words by the composer |
| Miracle | SATB choir | 2022 | Based on the poetry of Joseph Brodsky |
| Ave verum corpus | SATB choir | 2024 | |