OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Great Yarmouth Corporation Tramways

Great Yarmouth Corporation Tramways served the town of Great Yarmouth in Norfolk, England from 19 June 1902 until 14 December 1933.

## History

The tramway system comprised two separate sections divided by the River Yare. The Haven Bridge over the River Yare was a lifting bridge and not suitable for a tramway.
To the east of the river was the larger part which opened on 19 June 1902. It ran from Wellington Pier, along Marine Parade, St Peters Road, King Street, Market Place, Northgate Street and Caister Road, and from Vauxhall station, along North Quay, Hall Quay, Regent Street, Market Place, Regent Street, Marine Parade and to Wellington Pier. The depot for the eastern section was located on the east side of Caister Road just south of its junction with Hamilton Road at TG 52463 09080. The site is now used as a motorbus depot.
The smaller western section was previously the horse drawn Yarmouth and Gorleston Tramway system. It commenced operation as an electric tramway on 4 July 1905 and ran from Yarmouth South Town railway station, along Southtown Road, Gorleston High Street and Springfield Road, and had a branch from Gorleston High Street, along Pier Plain, England Lane to Brush Quay and the beach at TG 52984 03818. The depot for the western section was located on the east side of Lowestoft Road just south of its junction with Baker Street at TG 52626 04280.

## Fleet

* 1-14 Brush Electrical Engineering Company 1905 - allocated to the Eastern section
* 15-26 Brush Electrical Engineering Company 1905 - allocated to the Gorleston section
* 27-35 Brush Electrical Engineering Company 1906, 1907

## Tramcars

The fleet, in a livery of maroon and cream, consisted of:
* 35 Brush open top double deck tramcars

## Closure

The Corporation started to introduce motorbuses in 1920, and tram routes were closed from 1924 onwards. The western section finally closed on 25 September 1930, and the eastern section on 14 December 1933. Some of the tramcar bodies were used as chalets at Caister Holiday Camp.
# Lophotis

Lophotis is a genus of bustard in the family Otididae. The genus contains three species, all found in Africa. All three species are sometimes placed in the genus Eupodotis, and are closely related to that genus and the genus Afrotis. One distinctive feature of the genus is a pink retractile crest.

## Species

| Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
| Lophotis savilei | Savile's bustard | Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Ivory Coast, Gambia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, and Sudan. |
| Lophotis gindiana | Buff-crested bustard | Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda. |
| Lophotis ruficrista | Red-crested korhaan | Angola, Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. |
# Methoxyetomidate

Methoxyetomidate is an investigational anesthetic agent being developed by Jinzhou Ahon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. It is a short-acting intravenous anesthetic that acts as a positive allosteric modulator of GABAA receptors. As of 2024, methoxyetomidate is undergoing Phase 3 clinical trials for use in anesthesia.
# Thomas Mannack

Thomas Mannack (born in 1958) is a German classical archaeologist.
Mannack obtained his doctorate in 1992 with Konrad Schauenburg [de] at the University of Kiel. The thema of his dissertation was Beazleys spätere und späteste Manieristen. The thesis was later published in English by Oxford University Press. He is a specialist in the field of ancient ceramics. He is in charge of the Beazley Archive database and teaches classical iconography at the University of Oxford.
Mannack is chair of the British Corpus Vasorum Antiquourum project conducted by the British Academy, and has coauthored CVA volumes on collections of Greek Vases in Winchester College, and Harrow School.

## Writings

* The Late Mannerists in Athenian Vase Painting. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2001 (English version of the dissertation)
* Griechische Vasenmalerei. Eine Einführung. Thesis, Stuttgart 2002. ISBN 3-8062-1743-2, reviewed and bibliographically updated edition of Von Zabern, Darmstadt 2012. ISBN 978-3-8053-4462-3
# Tiruchchuli Railway station

Tiruchchuli railway station (station code:TCH) is an NSG–6 category Indian railway station in Madurai railway division of Southern Railway zone. It serves Tiruchuli, located in Virudhunagar district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
A new railway line from Manamadurai Junction–Virudhunagar Junction Via Aruppukkottai was proposed in the Third Five Year plan, which was supposed to ease the pressure on the existing Manamadurai Junction–Madurai Junction and Madurai Junction–Virudhunagar Junction sections. On 1 September 1963, the 22.66 kilometres (14.08 mi) Virudhunagar Junction – Aruppukkottai section was opened, along with Aruppukkottai railway station in the same year by the then Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, K. Kamaraj. And on 2 May 1964, the rest of 43.89 kilometres (27.27 mi) Aruppukkottai – Manamadurai Junction section along with Tiruchchuli railway station opened for traffic. Opened with meter gauge tracks, the 67 kilometres (42 mi) This station catering immensely the passengers of the region and Tuticorin for traffic of goods.

## Performance and earnings

For the FY 2022–23, the annual earnings of the station was ₹145,895 (US$1,700) and daily earnings was ₹400 (US$4.80). For the same financial year, the annual passenger count was 4,752 and daily count was 13. While, the footfall per day was recorded as 21.
# John Lane (metallurgist)

John Lane (c. October 1678 – 1741) was an 18th-century medical doctor and metallurgist, who is said to have experimented with making metallic zinc, probably without result.
He studied at the Exeter College, Oxford, and medicine at Leiden in 1702. He married Elizabeth Pollard, heiress of Marsh Baldon, Oxfordshire in 1713, who survived him, only dying in 1771 at the age of 83.
In 1694, Lane and John Pollard (possibly his step father-in-law) became partners of Thomas Collins in copper works at Neath Abbey, but the partnership was dissolved in 1716. In 1717 Lane and Pollard established the Llangyfelach copper works at Landore near Swansea, but became bankrupt in 1726, a victim of the South Sea Bubble. His works "near Swansea", held for a long term of years, were advertised for sale in May 1727. The Llangefelach Works were subsequently used by Lockwood Morris & Co.
In addition, at some stage he had a stamping mill at Kidwelly, on the site later used for Kidwelly Tinplate Works. His partner had copper mines in Cornwall.
Lane seems to have lived at Bristol, where he was practising medicine by 1702. He participated in commercial life there, for example investing in a privateering venture from there in 1708 and in 1714 in the proposed navigation to Bath, for which see River Avon (Bristol). Despite his bankruptcy, he was able to lease a house in College Green, Bristol in 1728 and continued to practise medicine with a good reputation.
# John Martin (Australian politician)

John Bertie Martin (16 October 1890 – 14 March 1964) was an Australian politician.
He was born in Waverley to engineer John Martin and Maria Theresa McArdle. He was a telephonist in the Postmaster-General's Department from 1904 to 1912, and in 1910 married Elizabeth Louise Smith, with whom she had two children. Active in the Federated Clerks' Union, he was its secretary and president from 1916 to 1928, and from 1930 to 1939 was organising secretary of the Labor Party. From 1931 to 1946 he was a Labor member of the New South Wales Legislative Council. When he died at Camperdown in 1964, Martin was the state secretary of the Australian Funeral Directors' Association.
# Japan National Route 347

National Route 347 is a national highway of Japan connecting Sagae, Yamagata and Ōsaki, Miyagi in Japan, with a total length of 90.1 km (55.99 mi).
A segment of Route 347 between Obanazawa, Yamagata and Kami, Miyagi is closed in winter.
# Manitoba Crown Services

Manitoba Crown Services—through the Crown Services Secretariat—provides strategic, regulatory, and policy support to the Crown corporations of Manitoba, as well as assisting in the reporting and oversight of all Crown corporations governed by the Crown Corporation Governance and Accountability Act.
There are currently five Crown corporations governed by Act: Manitoba Hydro, Manitoba Public Insurance, Manitoba Liquor & Lotteries, Manitoba Centennial Centre Corporation, and Efficiency Manitoba. These corporations must abide by the following principal reporting requirements: a roles and responsibility record, annual business plans, and quarterly and annual financial reports.
Oversight over Manitoba's crown corporations was previously the responsibility of an 8-member panel called the Crown Corporations Council, which was dissolved in 2016.
The Secretariat consists of two units:
* the Policy Unit — "prepares documents, manages legislative and regulatory needs, provides analysis of major capital proposals and liaises with Crowns to address concerns of Manitobans."
* the Regulatory Unit — "ensures compliance with reporting requirements of the act, and provides analysis and advice with respect to business plans, capital plans and other major decisions that boards of the Crown corporations may make."

## History

The Crown Corporations Public Review and Accountability Act was enacted in 1989 to ensure that public confidence in Manitoba's Crown corporations is maintained and to strengthen the accountability mechanisms for Manitoba's Crown corporations. This Act established the Crown Corporations Council as a corporation responsible to the Minister of Finance, who was charged with the administration of the Act.
In 2016, Manitoba's Progressive Conservative administration introduced legislation to repeal the Crown Corporations Public Review and Accountability Act and scrap the Crown Corporations Council. The Crown Corporations Governance and Accountability Act was subsequently passed in 2017, creating a new governance model for the Manitoba Centennial Centre, Manitoba Hydro, Manitoba Liquor and Lotteries, and Manitoba Public Insurance.
# Hermann Amborn

Hermann Amborn (11 April 1933 – 18 June 2024) was a German anthropologist and ethnologist. With a regional focus on northern and eastern Africa, Amborn's research addressed the political organisation of society, the division of labour, agricultural ethnology, and ethics in applied anthropological research.

## Life and career

Amborn's father was a pastor who opposed the Nazi regime. As a young man, Amborn initially trained as a technical draftsman and engineer before changing fields. Amborn held visiting professorships in Hamburg and Berlin in addition to Kansas State University. He became a full professor at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München in 1987, where he was made professor emeritus on retirement in 1998. From 1991 to 2001, Amborn was the ethics working group spokesperson for the German Anthropological Association (formerly Deutsche Gesellschaft für Völkerkunde, now: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sozial- und Kulturanthropologie).
Amborn notably contributed to the study and discussion of African communities which self-govern outside of a statist framework through anti-hierarchical structures, without reliance on violent coercion in enforcing their rules and laws, and in line with anarchist principles. Mark Bray describes Amborn's work as "challenging the inevitability of the state as the "natural" outcome of societal evolution"
Amborn died in Munich on 18 June 2024, at the age of 91.

## Selected works

* Die Bedeutung der Kulturen des Niltals für die Eisenproduktion im subsaharischen Afrika. (Dissertation) Studien zur Kulturkunde. Frobenius-Institut, Frankfurt 1976, ISBN 3515024115
* Differenzierung und Integration. Vergleichende Untersuchungen zu Spezialisten und Handwerkern in südäthiopischen Agrargesellschaften. (Habilitationsschrift) Trickster, München 1990
* Unbequeme Ethik. Überlegungen zu einer verantwortlichen Ethnologie. Reimer, Berlin 1993, ISBN 3496025239
* Flexibel aus Tradition / Burji in Äthiopien und Kenia: Unter Verwendung der Aufzeichnungen von Helmut Straube / With explanation of some cultural items in English. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2009, ISBN 3447060832
* Das Recht als Hort der Anarchie. Gesellschaften ohne Herrschaft und Staat. Matthes & Seitz, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-95757-240-0. Materialien vom Autor dazu online
* 'Concepts in Wood and Stone - Socio-religious Monuments of the Konso of Southern Ethiopia', Zeitschrift für Ethnologi, 2002.
* Burji: Versatile by Tradition in Changing Identifications and Alliances in North-East Africa, Volume 1 edited by Günther Schlee and Elizabeth E. Watson. Berghahn Books, 2009.
* Mobility, Knowledge and Power: Craftsmen in the Borderland in Changing Identifications and Alliances in North-East Africa, Volume 1 edited by Günther Schlee and Elizabeth E. Watson. Berghahn Books, 2009.
* Law as Refuge of Anarchy: Societies without Hegemony or State. Untimely Meditations, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2019.
# Japan National Route 360

National Route 360 is a national highway of Japan connecting Toyama, Toyama and Komatsu, Ishikawa in Japan, with a total length of 128.3 km (79.7 mi).
# Japan National Route 370

National Route 370 is a national highway of Japan connecting Kainan, Wakayama and Nara, Nara in Japan, with a total length of 133.2 km (82.77 mi).

## Route description

A section of National Route 370 in the town of Kimino in Wakayama Prefecture is a musical road.
# Argynnis zenobia

Argynnis zenobia is a butterfly found in the East Palearctic (Amur, Ussuri, China, Tibet) that belongs to the browns family.

## Subspecies

* A. z. zenobia China, Tibet
* A. z. penelope (Staudinger, [1892]) South Ussuri

## Description from Seitz

zenobia Leech (71a). Smaller than the previous species [A.childreni], particularly the hindwing less large. Shape and upperside almost exactly as in paphia; fiery reddish yellow, the male with black scent-streaks on the two median branches. The underside as in childreni, but the silverbands anastomose in several places. In North and West China and Tibet. — In penelope Stgr. the male has 3 scent-streaks instead of 2 on the forewing, and the female is shaded with dull greyish green nearly as in the valesina-female of paphia. On the Sutchou, in Amurland and North China. — The butterflies are on the wing in June and July, not being rare in the south and west of the distribution-area, but very rare in the northern districts, on the Ussuri (Doerries).

## Biology

The larva feeds on Viola variegata.
# Château-Salins

Château-Salins (French:; German: Salzburg, from 1941 to 1944 Salzburgen) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. Until 2015, Château-Salins was a subprefecture of the Moselle department.

## History

The town is relatively recent. The territory on which the castle, and later the town, was built was part of the domains of the bishopric of Metz.
Legend has it that pilgrims on their way to Saint-Nicolas-de-Port discovered a salt spring. Around 1340, the regent Elisabeth of Austria, widow of Duke Ferry IV, had a castle built to protect the exploitation of this spring. To control the ducal building, Bishop Adhémar de Monteil also had a fortress built, which he named Beaurepaire, at some distance from there.
# Japan National Route 375

National Route 375 is a national highway of Japan connecting Kure, Hiroshima and Ōda, Shimane in Japan, with a total length of 163.4 km (101.53 mi).
# Japan National Route 389

National Route 389 is a national highway of Japan on the island of Kyushu, connecting Ōmuta, Fukuoka and Akune, Kagoshima in Japan, with a total length of 155.4 km (96.56 mi).
# Erik Bluemel

Erik Brandon Bluemel (March 2, 1977 – May 6, 2009) was an assistant professor at the University of Denver Sturm College of Law and a scholar in the fields of environmental law, indigenous peoples law, and global administrative law. He held a J.D. from New York University School of Law, an L.L.M. from Georgetown University Law Center, and a B.A. in political economy from the University of California-Berkeley. Professor Bluemel died from injuries sustained after a bicycle accident in the early morning on May 6, 2009.

## Early life

Bluemel was born on March 2, 1977, in Arcadia, California.

## Prior legal employment

Prior to joining the faculty at the University of Denver Sturm College of Law in 2008, he clerked for Barefoot Sanders in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas and Kermit Edward Bye in the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals. He also served as a staff attorney and teaching fellow at Georgetown University Law Center's Institute for Public Representation, where he represented dozens of national and local groups on administrative, environmental, and public land law issues.

## High-profile cases

Some of the higher profile cases he worked on while at the Institute for Public Representation included representing groups who challenged various aspects of the Intercounty Connector, groups who challenged the development of a wind farm in a corridor used by protected migratory birds, and groups seeking environmental restoration of Poplar Point, a portion of the Anacostia National Park, among other projects.

## Courses taught

At the University of Denver, he taught Administrative Law, Environmental Law, and Indigenous Peoples in International Law. His research interests included environmental federalism, climate governance, global administrative law, identity-based social movements, and environmental rights.

## Community service

He served on the United Nations Development Programme Task Force on Access and Benefit-Sharing and Traditional Knowledge, as a member of the board of directors of Arlingtonians for a Clean Environment, and as vice-chair of the New York County Lawyers' Association Environmental Law Committee. He was a member of the Commission on Environmental Law of the International Union on the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). He also served as a member of the board of advisors for The Ocean Foundation, and as vice-president of the board of directors for Keystone Conservation.

## Scholarship

His scholarship includes articles on the global warming regime complex, regional greenhouse gas regulatory regimes in the United States, regulation of alternative energies, administrative law, environmental rights, protection of sacred sites and cultural property, and indigenous peoples' participatory rights in international law, among other topics.
# USS Admiral (SP-967)

The wooden-hulled screw steam yacht Red Cross was completed in 1892 at East Providence, RI, and by 1907 had been renamed Admiral. At that time, the yacht was owned by the banker, George Rumsey Sheldon. She was next owned by Irving T. Bush (1869–1948), the founder and creator of the famed Bush Terminal in South Brooklyn, NY, before being acquired by the president of the Submarine Signal Co., of New London, Gordon Dexter (1864–1937) about 1914.
When the United States entered World War I, the American Navy sought ships to perform a variety of tasks, including local patrol. The Navy acquired Admiral from Gordon Dexter on 5 July 1917, and placed her in commission at Lawley's Ship Yard, Boston, Mass., on 7 August 1917.
Admiral, given the classification SP-967, performed routine patrol duty in the 1st Naval District through the winter of 1917 and 1918. In the course of her operations toward the end of that period, the yacht cast off from Commonwealth Pier, at the Boston Section Base, at 0055 on 26 March 1918, with one petty officer and eight enlisted men of a naval port guard detachment embarked for passage to Plymouth. Admiral proceeded uneventfully south by east until 0420, when she struck a boulder off Brant Rock, near the town of Scituate, Massachusetts, and began shipping water.
Within the hour, the situation on board had worsened to the point that the pumps could no longer hold their own against the in-rushing water. The nearby life-saving stations at Brant Rock and Gurnet dispatched boats to the scene and took off the port guard detachment and 17 men of the crew as well. Admiral herself sent a boat ashore to obtain help at 0530. The latter returned with the two Coast Guard boats soon thereafter, while Admiral's remaining men expeditiously offloaded ammunition, fittings, and stores into the ship's lifeboats, dory, and cutter. Ultimately, at 0755, Admiral sank in 11 fathoms of water.
After being raised and refitted for service, Admiral was placed in commission at Baker's Yacht Basin, Quincy, Mass., on 1 August 1918 and assigned to "Group 2, Minesweepers," in the 1st Naval District's Boston section. She soon resumed patrol operations and continued this duty through February 1919, ranging from her section base at Boston to Rockland, Maine, and the Portsmouth, NH Navy Yard. Struck from the Navy list on 7 May 1919, in General Order No. 295, Admiral was decommissioned at Baker's Yacht Basin on 13 May 1919, and ultimately sold to E. N. Goodsell of Pittsburgh, N.Y., on 29 October 1920.
# Japan National Route 408

National Route 408 is a national highway of Japan connecting the cities of Narita, Chiba and Takanezawa, Tochigi, with a total length of 116.9 km (72.64 mi).
# Capitol Theatre (New York City)

The Capitol Theatre was a movie palace located at 1645 Broadway, just north of Times Square in New York City, across from the Winter Garden Theatre. Designed by theater architect Thomas W. Lamb, the Capitol originally had a seating capacity of 5,230 and opened October 24, 1919. After 1924 the flagship theatre of the Loews Theatres chain, the Capitol was known as the premiere site of many Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) films. The Capitol was also noted for presenting live musical revues and many jazz and swing bands on its stage.

## History

The Capitol was one of the first of the large lavish movie theaters that dominated the film exhibition business for the next 40 years, built by Messmore Kendall as one of New York's first cinema palaces, through his realty company, Moredall Realty Company.
It opened on October 24, 1919 with the New York premiere of United Artists' first production, His Majesty, the American. The theater was acquired in 1924 by the entertainment magnate Marcus Loew and became the flagship of his deluxe Loew's Theatres chain.
The Capitol was the frequent site of the world premieres of films made by the Loew's-owned Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studio. The Wizard of Oz (1939) had its first New York run at the theatre. Jerry Lewis started as an usher at the theatre.
After having been converted for the presentation of Cinerama wide screen films in 1962, the theater's last engagement was MGM's 2001: A Space Odyssey, which opened on April 3, 1968. The Capitol closed September 16, 1968 with a live all-star benefit featuring Bob Hope and Johnny Carson. The theatre was replaced by the Uris Building (now Paramount Plaza) office tower.

## Radio

Airing for the first time in November 1922, The Capitol Theatre Family Show was a 45–60 minute program, eventually broadcast Mondays on the NBC Blue Network March 7, 1927 – July 27, 1931.
Leo Zeitlin (1884–1930) was a violinist, violist, conductor and impresario who was active in Saint Petersburg's Society for Jewish Folk Music. In 1923, he emigrated to New York, where he became the violist and arranger for the Capitol Theatre. In 1925, he began arranging orchestral and small ensemble pieces for the Capitol's radio program on WEAF, which became the flagship station of the NBC Radio Network in 1926.
Beginning in 1926, the series of light classical concerts titled Capitol Theatre was broadcast by the NBC Red Network on Sunday evenings from 7:20pm to 9:15pm. This series continued until 1929, not long before Zeitlin's death.