OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Marc Burty

Marc Burty (French:; 18 February 1827, Lyon – 2 February 1903, Lyon) was a French composer and music teacher for Lycée de Lyon who also went by the pseudonym, Georges Bull, in some of his works. He became interested in the harmonium after building a relationship with Alfred Lefébure-Wély in Paris who introduced him to the instruments, in which Burty later taught the instrument in the Lyon-based institution. He mainly wrote music pieces for the piano and were published in Paris between 1859 and 1900.

## Legacy

In America, his works were considered to be well-adapted for teaching purposes.

## Compositions

(Most of the catalogue is from Marc Burty's entry in the Bibliothèque nationale de France.)
* A la belle étoile
* Au gré du vent
* Au pays de Bohème
* Au Temps passé, gavotte pour piano
* Aubade à Grand'maman
* Aux Alpes
* batteurs de blé
* Bonhomme Jadis
* Chanson de chasse
* Chant du Soldat. Romance dramatique. Paroles de Léon Rayssac
* Charité divine. Mélodie. Paroles de F. Barrillot
* De profundis d'amour
* Dernier soleil
* îles d'or
* Il faut partir
* Jeune France
* Lutins et farfadets
* Menuet villageois
* Noces de Figaro de W. A. Mozart fantaisie transcription [pour piano], op. 34
* L'Oiseau du Paradis
* Pas d'armes marche des chevaliers, pour piano à 4 mains
* Pauvre Isabeau
* Pendant l'étape
* Perle de Cadix
* Petit Noël, chant des bergers
* Petite fanfare, marche
* Petite reine
* Pied d'alouette, caprice-polka
* Pizzicato
* Polka mazurka de la dame de carreau pour le piano
* Pour endormir l'enfant. Berceuse. Paroles de Madame Desbordes-Valmore
* Premières neiges mazurka pour piano
* Princesse des Canaries fantaisie espagnole pour piano, op. 35
* Pupilles du régiment, pas redoublé
* Quand viendra la saison nouvelle Villanelle. Poésie de Théophile Gautier
* Reine des bois styrienne pour piano
* Retraite russe
* Révérences de cour, menuet
* Robe et jeune fille. Paroles de S. et F. Borel
* Roche aux mouettes. Grande valse brillante pour piano par P. Granger. Edition à 4 mains par Marc Burty
* Rose de mai valse légère pour piano
* Rose de Noël, mazurka
* Sage et le fou
* Sans façon, galop
* Scènes et paysages. 30 morceaux faciles pour piano par Georges Bull et Marc Burty
* Simples croquis [pour piano]
* Sonatines
* Souvenir de Petsth fantaisie polka, caprice hongrois pour piano
* Transcription brillante sur "Le jour et la nuit"
* Tribut de Zamora, opéra de Ch. Gounod, fantaisie brillante pour piano. Op. 32
* Troïka mazurka russe pour piano 6 mains
* Trompettes et clairons fanfare pour piano à 4 mains
* Tu me regretteras ! Mélodie. Paroles de Ph. Théolier
* Vers la rive fleurie, marine
* Vieilles dentelles, menuet pour piano
* vieux monsieur de l'orchestre. Scène Comique.... Paroles de H. Lefebvre
* Vin blanc. Paroles de Camille Roy
* Vous feriez pleurer le Bon Dieu mélodie. Poésie de F. Barrillot
* Warther, drame lyrique de J. Massonet, petite transcription très facile [pour piano]
* Yvan, chanson cosaque
# Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault

The Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault is major geological fault that runs a length of roughly 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) in a NNE-SSW orientation and exhibits current seismicity. It is located in the Chilean Northern Patagonian Andes. It is a dextral intra-arc strike-slip fault. Most large stratovolcanoes of the Southern Volcanic Zone of the Andes are aligned by the fault which allows for the movement of magma and hydrothermal fluids.
The fault crosses several transverse faults including the Mocha-Villarrica Fault Zone (MVFZ) and the Biobío-Aluminé Fault Zone. The fault has had periods of ductile deformation associated to pluton emplacement, be it either at great depths or by shallow intrusions.
The forces that move the fault are derivative of the oblique subduction offshore Chile's coast. This leads to partition of deformation between the subduction zone, the fore-arc and the intra-arc region where the fault lies. There is evidence that the fault broke as a M$_w$ 9.07 subevent in the 1960 Valdivia earthquake. A portion of the fault in Aysén Region likely slipped (moved) in an aftershock a few weeks after the 1960 Valdivia earthquake. This same portion slipped again in April 2007, causing earthquakes in Aysén Fjord, triggering landslides and a local tsunami.
The fault name was coined by Francisco Hervé, I. Fuenzalida, E. Araya and A. Solano in 1979. The existence of the fault was first inferred by Chilean government agent Hans Steffen around 1900, who referred to it as a "tectonic furrow" (Spanish: surco tectónico).
# Frank Pipp

Frank Kevin Pipp (born May 22, 1977, in Iron Mountain, Michigan) is an American former cyclist, who competed as a professional from 2005 to 2013.

## Major results
### 2004

    1st Stage 2 Joe Martin Stage Race

### 2005

    10th Wachovia Invitational

### 2006

    1st Stage 3 Tour de Toona
    1st Stage 6 Vuelta Sonora
    4th Univest Grand Prix

### 2007

    1st Stage 6 Nature Valley Grand Prix
    3rd Lancaster Classic
    6th Overall Tour of Missouri
    10th Philadelphia International Championship

### 2008

    4th Commerce Bank Reading Classic

### 2010

    4th Univest Grand Prix

### 2011

    1st Overall Joe Martin Stage Race
    1st Stage 2 Tour of the Gila
    2nd Univest Grand Prix

### 2012

    2nd Road race, National Road Championships
    7th Overall Tour of Elk Grove
# Marivirga

Marivirga is a genus from the phylum Bacteroidota.
# Louis Noguères

Louis Noguères (4 October 1881 – 5 May 1956) was a French politician and member of the French Resistance.
Son of a magistrate, Louis Noguères was born at Laval, Mayenne. His family moved frequently and Louis attended schools in Laval, Angers, Chambéry, and Le Havre. He studied law and history at the Sorbonne in Paris. In Paris he met Jean Jaurès and collaborated with him on the sixth volume of L'Histoire de la Révolution et de l'Empire. Although supportive of socialism, Noguères did not join the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) at this time. Recalled to active service during the First World War, he served in the infantry and the air force, and received the Légion d'honneur.
He worked as a lawyer for many years before first standing for election as mayor of Thuir in the Pyrénées-Orientales in 1931. In 1935, now a member of the SFIO, he was reelected as mayor and was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in at the end of 1937.
On 10 July 1940, Louis Noguères was one of the eighty who voted against granting special powers to Marshal Philippe Pétain. Placed under police surveillance, he was ejected from the Chamber of Deputies in February 1941 when a letter which expressed his hostility to the Vichy Regime, Nazi Germany, and Fascism, was intercepted. He publicly expressed opposition to Vichy at the funeral of Senator Georges Pézières in March 1941, and was placed under house arrest, first Argentat in Corrèze, then at Florac in Lozère.
His activities came to the attention of the Gestapo, who decided to arrest him in the autumn of 1943. Forewarned by the resistance, he escaped and joined the Maquis in Aveyron where he contributed to resistance journals such as Le Populaire, Libération, and Vaincre.
After the liberation of France, Noguères was a member of the French National Assembly, and served as president of the High Court, presiding over trials of Vichy ministers and functionaries. He stepped down from the court in 1951. He also served as president of the General council from 1945 until his death.
He died at Bages. He was the father of Henri Noguères.

## Sources

* Jean Maitron (dir.), Dictionnaire biographique du mouvement ouvrier français, éd. de l'Atelier, cd-rom, 1997
* Louis Nogueres, Vichy, juillet 1940, Collection Pour une histoire du XXe siècle, Paris, Fayard, 2000, 156p.
# Sizani Dlamini-Dubazana

Zephroma Sizani Dlamini-Dubazana is a South African politician and African National Congress member who served as a Member of the National Assembly of South Africa from 2009 to 2019. Dlamini-Dubazana is known for being a supporter of the former ANC president and President of South Africa, Jacob Zuma.

## Early life and education

Dlamini-Dubazana is from the Nkumba village in Bulwer. She graduated from the University of South Africa with a Bachelor of Arts in Nursing Science (B Cur) in 1984 and worked as a nursing lecturer between 1990 and 1994.

## Political career

Dlamini-Dubazana served in the underground structures of the African National Congress when the party was banned and was a member of the United Democratic Front between 1982 and 1989. She was a member of the KwaZulu-Natal ANC Provincial Executive Committee as well as the Provincial Working Committee and chaired the Economic Transformation PEC sub-committee.

## Parliamentary career

Dlamini-Dubazana topped the ANC KwaZulu-Natal province-to-national list in the 2009 general election and was thus elected to a seat in the National Assembly of South Africa. During her first term in the National Assembly, she was chief whip of the Standing Committee on Auditor-General. She was re-elected to her seat in Parliament in the 2014 general election, ranked 8th on the ANC province-to-national list. After her re-election, she was assigned to serve on the Committee On Auditor-General and the Portfolio Committee on Public Service and Administration, Performance Monitoring & Evaluation.
In 2015, Dlamini-Dubazana and multiple other ANC MPs voted for a report by the Minister of Police Nathi Nhleko that absolved president Jacob Zuma of paying any money towards the controversial multimillion-rand upgrades at the Nkandla homestead, his private home in KwaZulu-Natal.
In August 2017, Dlamini-Dubazana and four other ANC MPs boycotted a meeting of the Portfolio Committee on Public Service and Administration, Performance Monitoring & Evaluation which was chaired by outspoken Zuma critic Dr Makhosi Khoza. ANC chief whip and Chief Whip of the Majority Party Jackson Mthembu condemned their actions.
Dlamini-Dubazana was not placed on any ANC candidate list for the 2019 South African general election and left parliament at the election as a result.

## 2022 ANC presidential campaign

In May 2022, it was reported that party members in KwaZulu-Natal had begun lobbying for the nomination of Dlamini-Dubazana as a presidential candidate ahead of the ANC's 55th National Conference in December 2022. Dlamini-Dubazana campaigned on appointing youthful ANC members as deputy ministers, opposing the ANC's current cadre deployment policy, and empowering women. However, her presidential campaign fell short of the necessary amount of branch nominations she had to receive to be included on the ANC Electoral Committee's consolidated list of candidates nominated for the "Top Six" leadership positions, including the position of party president, in November 2022 ahead of the national conference.
# Angie Molebatsi

Maapi Angelina Molebatsi is a South African politician who represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly. She first served in the assembly between 1999 and 2004, representing the ANC in the North West. She served two further terms consecutively from 2009 to 2019, during which time she was a member of the Portfolio Committee on Police.
In the interim, from February 2006, Molebatsi faced criminal charges for defrauding Parliament in connection with the so-called Travelgate scandal: she was one of several politicians accused of having abused the system of parliamentary travel vouchers between 1999 and 2004. In October 2006, she signed a plea bargain with the Scorpions, in terms of which she pled guilty to theft in the Cape High Court. She was sentenced to pay a fine of R25,000 or serve three years' imprisonment, with an additional mandatory sentence of five years suspended conditionally.
# Shamuhammed Akmuhammedov

Shamuhammed "Shadzhan" Akmuhammedov (Russian: Шамухаммед (Шаджан) Акмухаммедов; born 1937 - died 2010) was a Turkmen artist and actor. In 1971, he played the part of the Basmach rebel Kerim in the hit film Officers.

## Career

Akmuhammedov studied at the Turkmen State Art College named after Shota Rustaveli, where he was also active as a musician. He then studied at the Moscow State Academic Art Institute. After graduation, he returned to Turkmenistan and began working as an artist in the Ashgabat Academic Drama Theater.
Akmuhammedov headed the Turkmen Union of Artists in the late 1970s and early 1980s. In the late 80s he was deputy minister of culture of the Turkmen SSR. He headed the Culture Fund of Turkmenistan for more than fifteen years. After 1992, he taught theatre design at the National Academy of Arts. Akmuhammedov also had a long and active career as a painter. He was one of seven Turkmen artists who made up the informal group "Semerka" (Seven). The others in the group were Mammad Mammadov, Durdy Bayramov, Chary Amangeldyev, Stanislav Babikov, Kulnazar Bekmuradov and Juma Dzhumadurdy.
Akmukhammedov is a significant figure in the visual arts of Turkmenistan. His works are stored in various museums in Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan and Russia, as well as in private collections. In 1986, Anatoly Kantorn wrote a book-album Shamuhammed Akmuhammedov, dedicated to the artist.
His son Ovez is also an artist and teacher at the Turkmen State Specialized Art School at the Academy of Arts.
Akmuhammedov died in Ashgabat in 2010.
# Artashes Arakelian

Artashes Arakelian (1909 – November 10, 1993) was an economist, member of the Armenian Academy of Sciences (1960). Artashes chaired the Regional Planning Division of NKAR, he also worked as a researcher at Moscow Economy Institute. Later he headed to the Economy Institute of the Academy. He has authored numerous researches. Arakelian has an international reputation as an economist.
# Atamjit Singh

Atamjit Singh is a Sahitya Akademi Award winning Punjabi playwright. He returned his Sahitya Akademi Award in October 2015. Singh is a part of the Dakshinayan Abhiyan.

## Books and plays

* Kabrastaan: A full length play
* Chabian: A collection of 5 short plays
* Hawa Mahal: A collection of 5 short plays
* Natak Natak Natak: A collection of 4short plays
* Rishtian Daa Kee Rakhiye Naa: A full length play
* Shahar Beemar Hai: A full length play
* Farsh Vich Uggia Rukh: A full length play
* Chirian: A collection of 3 short plays
* Puran: A full length play
* Kamloops Diaan Machhian: A full length play
* Mein Taan Ikk Saarangi Haan: A full length play
* Panch Nad Da Pani: A full length play
* Tatti Tawi Da Sach: A full length Punjabi play
* Mungu Comrade: A full length play
* Murh Aa Lama ToN: A full length play
* Ghadar Express: A full length play
* Tasveer Da Teeja Paasa: A full length play
* Eh Mahabharat da Yug Nahi: A full length play
* Guachi Nadi Da Geet: A full length play
* Balde Rahan Chiragh Hamesha: A full length play

## Awards

Singh won the Sahitya Akademi Award in 2009 for Tatti Tavi Da Sach (Play) and the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 2011.
# Glycyrrhiza echinata

Glycyrrhiza echinata is a species of flowering plant in the genus Glycyrrhiza, with various common names that include Chinese licorice, German licorice, and hedgehog licorice, Eastern European licorice, Hungarian licorice, Prickly licorice, and Roman licorice.

## Taxonomy

Glycyrrhiza echinata was one of the species described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1753 work Species Plantarum, the starting point for botanical nomenclature. The Latin specific epithet of echinata refers to hedgehog, from echinus, meaning 'prickly'.

## Distribution

Glycyrrhiza echinata is native to Southeastern Europe, adjacent parts of West Asia and East Asia.

## Uses

It is used as a flavoring and medicinally, and to produce Russian and German licorice.
# Godwin Iwelumo

Godwin Iwelumo is a former football player for the Nigerian national team (1978) and ACB Lagos. He is currently running his own football training academy in the Lake Norman area near Mooresville, North Carolina, USA.
Also coached Hendersonville High School soccer in Hendersonville, Tn
Iwelumo scored for Nigeria on his debut, a 7–0 victory in a friendly against Benin on 14 February 1977.
# Queen excluder

In beekeeping, a queen excluder is a selective barrier inside the beehive that allows worker bees but not the larger queens and drones to traverse the barrier. The bars have a distance of 4.2 millimeters. The barrier grid was probably invented around 1890.
The purpose is to prevent the queen from moving from the brood chamber to the honey chamber. There she would lay her eggs between storage cells with honey, so that bee larvae or eggs would get into the honey during centrifuging.
Queen excluders are also used with some queen breeding methods.

## Design

Typically, the queen excluder is either a sheet of perforated metal or plastic or a wire grid in a frame with openings are limited to 0.163 inches (4.1 mm). Queen excluders can also be constructed of hardware cloth screen, of which #5 hardware cloth is often cited in references as sufficient for allowing worker bees to pass, but not queens.

## Purpose

The intent of the queen excluder is to limit the queen's access to the honey supers. If the queen lays eggs in the honey supers and a brood develops in them, it is difficult to harvest clean honey. It makes fall management more difficult. Queen excluders are removed in the autumn; otherwise, the queen would not be able to move with the winter cluster and would die from exposure. A replacement queen can be difficult to introduce because the bees will not be accustomed to the new queen's pheromones. New queens can be killed by the hive. Therefore, the death of a queen in winter is dangerous for a hive and can be expensive for a beekeeper.
Queen excluders are used with some queen breeding methods, especially as a way to allow queen cells to be built in the same hive with an existing queen, or as a way to house multiple queens in the same hive.

## Reception

Opponents of the use of queen excluders claim that excluders lower honey quality, influence colony dynamics, and alter labour dynamics. A 2024 study found that queen excluders had no effect on colony dynamics, and did not reduce honey yield nor the amount of brood produced. Studies on honey quality and labour dynamics are ongoing.
# Jonathan Foreman (journalist)

Jonathan Foreman (born 1965) is an Anglo-American journalist and film critic.

## Biography

He is the son of Academy-Award winning screenwriter and film producer Carl Foreman (1914–1984), who moved to England to work after being blacklisted by Hollywood movie studio bosses during the McCarthy era. He is the elder brother of the best-selling biographer Amanda Foreman.
Foreman was born in London and educated at St Paul's School. He then studied Modern History at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. After working as an editorial assistant for the International Herald Tribune, Foreman received his JD degree from the University of Pennsylvania Law School. He became a member of the New York Bar in 1991 and worked for the Manhattan firm, Shearman and Sterling. After several years at the bar, he described his decision to leave the law in a widely cited critique of New York City company culture, for the magazine City Journal.
Foreman then travelled widely in Asia, winning the South Asian Journalists Association first prize for reporting in 1997 for the City Journal piece, "Bombay on the Hudson". He won another prize from the same group in 2009 for his article in the National Review, "The Real Bhutto: Against the Mythmaking". On his return to New York, Foreman wrote another article for City Journal that was cited by then New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani as the inspiration for the "quality of life" law enforcement efforts enacted in his second term in office.
In April 1998 Foreman joined the New York Post and soon became its film critic. He served as Chairman of the New York Critics Circle, stepping down in 2004. On the outbreak of the Iraq war Foreman was sent by the New York Post to report from Iraq. Embedded with the US Army's 3rd Infantry Division in Kuwait at the beginning of March, he arrived in Baghdad a day after the city's fall, and reported from there until the beginning of June. He had a global scoop with his report of the discovery of $320 million in cash in a West Baghdad garden shed, and a second one with his report that some of this money was subsequently stolen by GIs. While embedded with the army, Foreman wrote an article for the Weekly Standard in which he wrote that most Western press coverage of the conditions in Baghdad portrayed conditions as much worse than they really were. On the strength of his Iraq coverage, the Post subsequently sent him to cover the California recall election of October 2003.
Foreman returned to London in 2004. After several years with The Daily Mail, Foreman co-founded the British magazine Standpoint, launched in May 2008. Foreman left the staff of the magazine a few months after its launch but continued to write for it.
Foreman's work has appeared in publications including The New Yorker, The National Review, The London Daily Telegraph, The Weekly Standard, City Journal, the National Law Journal, Los Angeles and Spy. He is the author of The Pocket Book of Patriotism.
# Blackburn B-7

The Blackburn B-7 was a single-engine two/three-seat biplane built to a British Air Ministry specification for a general-purpose, multitasking aircraft. It first flew in 1934, but no contracts were issued and only one aircraft was completed.

## Development

Air Ministry specification G.4/31 called for an aircraft to replace the Westland Wapiti and Fairey Gordon. The task list was long: day and night light bombing, dive bombing, reconnaissance and army cooperation. The specification attracted interest across the British aircraft industry and eight manufacturers were immediately involved in preparing prototypes, three receiving contracts and the others going forward as private ventures. Blackburn became involved only when the Air Ministry extended the role list to include coastal defence and torpedo bombing, Blackburn's speciality.
Their contender became known as the B-7 after the Class B marking it carried and lacking an old-style Blackburn-type number. It was built on the Shark production line and had much in common with it. The Shark had introduced a new wing construction to Blackburn, each wing having two outward slanting (at about 45°, rather than vertical), slightly distorted N-type struts linked by a single strut from the lower front to upper rear spars. As a result of this Warren girder structure, few bracing wires compared to past practice were needed. The wings were slightly staggered and swept and had the same span and much smaller lower wing as the Shark. Unlike the Shark the wings did not fold; another significant difference was that wing area was increased to enhance the load carrying performance by increasing the chord. The B-7 shared with the Shark the semi-monocoque aluminium-clad watertight fuselage first seen on the M.1/30A and the divided main undercarriage necessitated by the torpedo-dropping role.
Accommodation, equipment and armament was similar to that of the Shark. They also shared the 700 hp (520 kW) Armstrong Siddeley Tiger IV engine. The B-7 first flew on 28 November 1934.

## Operational history

The B-7 was flown to Martlesham Heath for competitive trials in May 1935 and completed in October that year. By now, the specification was four years old, requirements had changed and there was little official interest in the results and none of the nine manufacturers was awarded a contract. Shortly afterwards, the B-7 was scrapped.

## Specifications (bomber)

Data from Jackson 1968, pp. 387–8
General characteristics
* Crew: two/three
* Length: 35 ft 4.33 in (12.08 m)
* Wingspan: 46 ft 0 in (14.02 m)
* Height: 12 ft 9 in (3.89 m)
* Gross weight: 7,027 lb (3,187 kg)
* Powerplant: 1 × Armstrong Siddeley Tiger IV 14-cylinder double-row radial , 700 hp (520 kW)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 160 mph (257 km/h, 140 kn) at 6,000 ft (1,830 m)
* Cruise speed: 100 mph (160 km/h, 87 kn)
* Range: 540 mi (870 km, 470 nmi)
* Service ceiling: 20,000 ft (6,100 m)
* Rate of climb: 1,200 ft/min (6.1 m/s)
Armament
* 1 × forward firing 0.303 in (7.7 mm) Vickers machine gun
* 1 × ring mounted 0.303 in (7.7 mm) Lewis Gun