OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nhlanhla Zulu

Prince Nhlanhla Elijah Zulu (20 January 1940 – 15 June 2007) was a South African politician and prince of the Zulu royal family. He represented the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) in the National Assembly from 1995 until his death in 2007. A founding member of the IFP in 1975, he also served on the party's National Council until his death.

## Early life and career

Zulu was born on 20 January 1940 and was the son of Prince Nojombo and grandson of Zulu King Dinuzulu. He was educated as a laboratory technician and from 1967 worked at Sappi.
According to Zulu's cousin, Prince Mangosuthu Buthelezi, Zulu was a founding member of Buthelezi's Inkatha movement (later renamed the IFP) in 1975. He became the chairperson of Inkatha's branch in Mandini, KwaZulu-Natal, and was a member of the party's Central Committee (later its National Council) until his death.

## Legislative career: 1995–2007

In 1995, Zulu was sworn into an IFP seat in the National Assembly, filling a casual vacancy. He served in the seat until his death in 2007, gaining re-election in 1999 and 2004, and he represented the KwaZulu-Natal constituency.

## Personal life and death

Zulu was polygamous, in line with Zulu tradition, and had children. At the time of his death, all four of his sons were deceased. He told the Los Angeles Times that two of his sons had been murdered – one shot and the other stabbed – for political reasons, "simply because they were my children", in the aftermath of the 1994 general election.
He died on 15 June 2007 after spending several weeks in hospital. His seat in the National Assembly was filled by Narend Singh.
# Pico Gabanakgosi

Pico Shadrack Gabanakgosi (born 7 February 1961) is a South African politician who represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly from 2006 to 2009. He was sworn in on 24 July 2006 to fill the casual vacancy created by Samson Ndou's resignation. In the next general election in 2009, he stood for re-election as a candidate on the ANC's North West party list, but he did not win a seat.
# Alex Chekkat Jacob

Alex Chekkat Jacob (1953/54 – July 2021) was a South African politician who represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly from August 2008 to May 2009. He was sworn in to fill a casual vacancy in the ANC caucus.
Jacob was from Thiruvalla in Kerala, India, where he was active in the Congress Party. He settled in the Northern Cape of South Africa in the 1980s and worked as a teacher. He died in South Africa in July 2021, aged 68.
# Raavi

Raavi (Telugu: రావి) is an Indian surname commonly found among Telugu-speaking people. It is distinct from "Ravi" (రవి), which means "Sun" in Telugu. "Raavi" refers to the peepal tree, a sacred and culturally significant tree in Indian traditions.
Notable people with the surname include:
* Raavi Kondala Rao (1932–2020), Telugu film personality
* Raavi Narayana Reddy (1908–1991), Telangana freedom fighter
# Jean Swanson-Jacobs

Jean Swanson-Jacobs (née Swanson; 24 November 1955 – 7 July 2013), formerly known as Jean Benjamin, was a South African politician who served as Deputy Minister of Social Development from April 2004 until May 2009. She represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly from 1997 to 2009. A social scientist by profession, she was formerly an anti-apartheid activist in Cape Town.

## Early life and career

Swanson-Jacobs was born on 24 November 1955 and grew up in Bellville-South outside Cape Town in the former Cape Province. After matriculating from Immaculata High School in Cape Town, she attended the University of the Western Cape (UWC), but she was expelled in 1973 for her political activities in the anti-apartheid youth movement. She subsequently went into exile in London to avoid being coerced to turn state's witness in the trial of the SASO Nine. She earned a bachelor's degree there in 1980 and returned to the Cape the same year.
She resumed her studies, completing a master's degree at the University of Cape Town in 1984. By the mid-1980s, she was a lecturer in social psychology at UWC, where she pursued a doctorate in same subject. She became the inaugural chairperson of UWC's Association of Democratic Educators and was also active in the UWC Action Committee, as well as in broader civil society groups including the United Women's Congress and Federation of South African Women. When the ANC was unbanned by the apartheid government in 1990, she served on the executive of her local ANC branch in Belville.
Over the next few years, she rose in the ANC ranks, joining the party's Provincial Executive Committee in the Western Cape. She also served on ANC committees for the development of post-apartheid language and cultural policy. She continued to lecture at UWC and completed her doctorate, with a thesis about language use in the Western Cape, in 1994. She was the first black woman to complete a doctorate at UWC's social psychology department.

## Career in government: 1997–2009

Swanson-Jacobs was sworn in to an ANC seat in Parliament in 1997, and she was subsequently elected to two consecutive terms in the National Assembly in 1999 and 2004. After the 2004 general election, President Thabo Mbeki appointed her to deputise Minister Zola Skweyiya as Deputy Minister of Social Development. She retired from Parliament after the 2009 general election.

## Personal life and death

She married Michael Benjamin in 1981 and had three children. The marriage ended in 1998 and she married Aubrey Jacobs in 2007. She died on 7 July 2013 in Cape Town after suffering a stroke.
# Ahmed bin Hamed al Hamed

Sheikh Ahmed Bin Hamed Al Hamed (1929 – 2012) was an Emirati royal and politician who served as first minister of information and tourism of the United Arab Emirates and was member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.

## Personal life

Sheikh Ahmed was born in 1929 in Abu Dhabi. He is maternal cousin to the country's founding president, Sheikh Zayed, and uncle to the president, Sheikh Khalifa.

## Contributions

Before the union of UAE, Sheikh Ahmed bin Hamed al Hamed was the head of Abu Dhabi labor department. He also headed the department of employers and employee and tourism affairs in Abu Dhabi.
Sheikh Ahmed bin Hamed al Hamed was the UAE's first Minister of Information and Tourism. Sheikh Ahmed was a member of the First Cabinet of Ministers which was created right after the union. Sheikh Ahmed is credited to be the pioneer of the media industry in UAE. During Abu Dhabi's oil boom of the 1960s and 1970s, he was the man behind the management of the Government media.
Under Sheikh Ahmed's guidance, The National's Arabic-language sister paper, Al Ittihad, was launched in 1969. He was also responsible for the launch of Abu Dhabi television. He also established Abu Dhabi's first radio station and organised archaeological expeditions which found several artifacts now in Emirate's museums.
He remained in his position as Minister of Information and Tourism, and later became Minister of Information and Culture, throughout the second, third and fourth Cabinets that were formed in the 1970s. He is respected for preserving the culture, national and Islamic heritage at the time of change.

## Death

He died on November 28, 2012 in Abu Dhabi at the age of 83 and his body was buried at the Al Bateen Cemetery in Abu Dhabi after a long mourning. His body was kept at Sheikh Sultan bin Zayed Al Nahyan's Mosque for the funeral which was attended by UAE Vice President, Prime Minister and Ruler of Dubai His Highness Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum. Also paying their respects were Sheikh Nahyan bin Mubarak, Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research, and Sheikh Hamdan bin Mubarak, Minister of Public Works. Joining the prayers were Shaikh Tahnoun Bin Mohammad Al Nahyan, Ruler's Representative in the Eastern Region, Shaikh Mansour Bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Presidential Affairs, Lieutenant General Shaikh Saif Bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Interior. His body was buried in Al Bateen Cemetery in Abu Dhabi.
# Bill Bishop (author)

William Allen Bishop (born 1953) is an American author, journalist and social commentator. He co-wrote a book with retired college professor Robert Cushing entitled The Big Sort: Why the Clustering of Like-Minded America Is Tearing Us Apart. His ideas have influenced the speeches of former U.S. President Bill Clinton.
Bishop was born in Louisville, Kentucky.
He is the co-founder and contributing editor of the Daily Yonder, a blog about rural issues in the United States. Bishop has worked for several newspapers: the Austin American-Statesman, Lexington Herald-Leader, and The Mountain Eagle. He has a degree from Duke University. His wife, Julie Ardery, is also a co-founder and contributing editor of the Daily Yonder. The couple previously owned a newspaper: the Bastrop County Times. They currently live in La Grange, Texas.

## Awards

* 1996 Gerald Loeb Award for Commentary
# Button (film)

Button (Russian: Пуговица, romanized: Pugovitsa) is a Soviet animated film directed by Vladimir Tarasov and released by the Soyuzmultfilm studio in 1982. It is based on a short story by Herbert G. Wells.

## Plot

A young artist sits in his studio in front of a blank canvas, searching for inspiration for his next painting. His concentration is constantly interrupted by the annoying buzzing of a fly. When he finally catches the fly, he doesn’t kill it but instead lets it out the window. However, the fly soon returns and lands on a mirror. As the artist tries to catch it, he glimpses his own reflection, sparking the idea to paint a self-portrait. But as he sketches the pencil outline, he notices one of the buttons on his shirt is poorly sewn. Frustrated by this small imperfection, he tries to fix it, pricks his finger, and, annoyed, rips the button off altogether. Then, as he colors in the portrait, he begins to transform it—imagining himself as a wealthy playboy in a fancy suit, set against the backdrop of a new car, a luxurious mansion with a pool, and even a private jet (in the film’s monochrome style, the portrait becomes vividly colored in these fantasy elements).
Unexpectedly, the painted version of himself comes to life: when a fly lands on the canvas, this double coldly and deliberately kills it. Thinking it’s a figment of his imagination, the artist shows the portrait to his beloved girlfriend, proud of the result. But the painted version, growing more like the artist’s opposite, begins to flirt with her, enticing her to enter his luxurious world within the painting. Disturbed, the artist grabs a can of white paint and covers the portrait. Upset at missing her chance to step into this painted world of luxury, the girlfriend runs off.
In the final scene, the artist stands in a gallery, watching a crowd gather around his unembellished self-portrait, drawn simply in pencil. His girlfriend approaches him and sews back on the button he had ripped off—this time, the button is colored, adding a touch of vibrancy to his otherwise monochrome reality.
# Arthanari

Arthanari is a 2016 Indian Tamil-language action thriller film starring Arundhati and debutante Ramkumar. The film is directed by Sundarra Elangovan. The film was dubbed in Malayalam with the same name and in Hindi as Mumbai Ki Kiran Bedi.

## Plot

Selvamanickam runs an ashram in Chennai, where Karthik grows up. Sathyapriya, a police officer, gets into a fight with Karthik but later consoles him after learning about his past. They eventually fall in love. One day, Selvamanickam dies. Karthik assumes it was a natural death until Sathyapriya reveals he was murdered. Karthik and Sathyapriya seek revenge for Selvamanickam's death.

## Cast

* Arundhati as Sathyapriya
* Ramkumar as Karthik
* Nassar as Selvamanickam
* Rajendran
* Abhishek Vinod as Kidnapper
* K. Sivasankar as Ramasamy
* Vazhukku En Muthuraman
* Sampath Ram
* Mippu as Karthik's friend
* Sudhakar
* Thavasi

## Production

The film is directed by Sundarra Elangovan, a former assistant of Bala. Arundhati plays an encounter specialist named Sathyapriya while debutant Ramkumar plays a civil engineer who gets involved in Sathyapriya's case. To prepare for her role, Arundhati watched films from the same genre including Blue Steel, The Bone Collector and Mardaani. The film was titled as Arthanari because both the male and female characters have equal importance. Nassar plays a supporting role while Rajendran plays the antagonist.

## Soundtrack

The songs are composed by V. Selvaganesh.

## Release
### Critical reception

A critic from The Times of India gave the film one and a half out of five stars and wrote that "There are films that have a scrappy feel about them because of their low budget, but this one doesn’t really feel entirely shoddy". Malini Mannath of The New Indian Express wrote that "A stepping stone for a debutant maker, the film could have been an exciting action-flick, if only there had been more clarity and focus in the screenplay and polish in its narrative style". A critic from Samayam gave the film a rating of two out of five stars and praised the directors and Arundhati's performance.
# Bruno Amaro

Bruno Amaro Sousa Barros (born 17 February 1983), known as Amaro, is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played mainly as a central midfielder.
He amassed Primeira Liga totals of 216 matches and 18 goals over 11 seasons, representing mainly Nacional (four years).

## Club career

A product of hometown F.C. Penafiel's youth system, Amaro was born in the village of Paço de Sousa and spent five professional seasons with the club, three in the Segunda Liga and two in the Primeira Liga. In September 2006 he signed for C.D. Nacional, still playing the first game of the campaign with his previous team; his official debut for the Madeirans came on the 9th, in a 0–1 home loss against Sporting CP.
Amaro finished his debut season in the top division with five goals in 25 appearances, but featured less significantly the following years. For 2009–10, he served a season-long loan at Académica de Coimbra; teammate Miguel Fidalgo also joined the side in a loan deal.
At only three goals, Amaro was crowned Vitória de Setúbal's top scorer in the 2011–12 campaign, notably scoring the game's only goal at home against Sporting as the team again narrowly avoided relegation.
# Kainã (footballer)

Kainã Nunes da Silva Amarante (born 31 May 1997), known simply as Kainã, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Iranian club Esteghlal Khuzestan.
# Kisley

António Crispino Lopes Tavares (born 22 November 1990), commonly known as Kisley, is a Cape Verdean professional footballer who plays as a winger.
# Karl Scherffer

Karl Scherffer (9 November 1716 – 24 July 1783) was an Austrian Jesuit mathematician and natural scientist. He contributed works in mathematics, optics and astronomy. He promoted the mathematical works of Leonhard Euler and the natural philosophy of Roger Joseph Boscovich.
Scherffer was born in Gmunden and studied at the Steyr Gymnasium. He joined the Jesuit order in 1736 and studied philosophy at Graz. He then taught humanities in Krems. He studied mathematics from Erasmus Fröhlich in Vienna around 1740–41. He went to the University of Graz around 1748 and graduated in philosophy. He taught mathematics at Graz and was also involved in work at the Graz Observatory. In 1750 he became a faculty of philosophy at the University of Vienna and taught teachers for Jesuit schools. In 1757 Roger Boscovich was in Vienna dealing with a border dispute between Lucca and Tuscany. He spent time with Scherffer and left him a manuscript of Philosophiae naturalis theoria. Scherffer sent several comments to Boscovich. Scherffer and Boscovich also communicated on matters of astronomical angular measurement and improvements to telescopes. After the abolition of the Jesuit order in 1773 he became a professor of mathematics at Vienna and worked there until his death. He taught Newtonian ideas in physics.
Scherffer believed that the eye sensed light through perception of vibrations caused by light in the retina.
# Dearne District Light Railway

The Dearne District Light Railway was a tramway linking Barnsley with the towns of Wombwell, Wath, Bolton on Dearne and Thurnscoe. Opened on 14 July 1924, it was the last street tramway to be built in the UK before the modern era (starting in the late 20th century) and one of the first to shut. It was granted a Light Railway order (under the 1896 Light Railways Act) in 1915, but World War I delayed its opening.
A "car barn" was built at Wombwell, which later became Yorkshire Traction's bus depot, and single deck vehicles were used throughout its nine-year life span. Because of mining in the area the track was laid on wooden sleepers and covered over and was all single track with passing loops, which was the reason for its downfall. When motorbuses started to compete on the same route as the DDLR it was found that because the trams had to wait to pass each other, the bus could complete the journey much quicker and so the electric vehicles had to go.
Very few traces of the former DDLR remain now, as the last tram journey reached the end of the line on 30 September 1933, soon to be replaced by the local bus service. The body of a former DDLR car is still in use as a summer house in a garden on the outskirts of Sheffield.
* Side view of former DDLR car
* End view of former DDLR car
# Fábio Santos (footballer, born 1992)

Fábio Alexandre Barbosa Santos (born 14 November 1992 in Penafiel) is a Portuguese footballer who plays as a goalkeeper. He is the nephew of former professional goalkeeper Nuno Santos.

## Football career

On 21 October 2012, Santos made his professional debut with Académica de Coimbra in a 2012–13 Taça de Portugal match against A.D. Ponte da Barca.
# Leandro Silva (footballer, born 1995)

Leandro Xavier Marques Silva (born 27 July 1995) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays for Mafra as a defender.

## Football career

He made his Taça da Liga debut for Oliveirense on 3 August 2019 in a game against Rio Ave.
On 12 June 2021, he signed with Mafra.
# Cardiff District and Penarth Harbour Tramways

The Cardiff District and Penarth Harbour Tramways operated a tramway service in Cardiff between 1881 and 1903. Despite the title of the company, the services never reached Penarth.

## History

The Cardiff District and Penarth Harbour Tramways Company built a line from Clifton Street in Roath to Clive Street in Grangetown.
From 1881 to 1887, the line was operated by local businessman, Solomon Andrews. From 1888 it was operated by The Provincial Tramways Company

## Closure

The line was taken over by Cardiff Corporation on 10 February 1903 for rebuilding and reconstruction. Services were continued by Cardiff Corporation Tramways.
# Merthyr Tydfil Electric Tramways

Merthyr Tydfil Electric Tramways operated a tramway service in Merthyr Tydfil between 1901 and 1939.

## History

The company was owned by the Merthyr Tydfil Electric Traction and Lighting Company, a subsidiary company of British Electric Traction. Services started on 6 April 1901. Sixteen tramcars were purchased from the Midland Railway Carriage and Wagon Company and Electric Railway and Tramway Carriage Works for the initial services.

## Closure

The company was purchased by the local authority in 1939 for the sum of £13,500 (equivalent to £1,057,000 in 2023) with the aim of closing down the service, and the final tram ran on 23 August 1939.
# Lorenzo Tenchini

Lorenzo Tenchini (1852–1906) was born in Brescia, Italy, and studied Medicine in Pavia where he became lecturer of Anatomy in 1880.

## Career

In 1881, at the age of 29 years, he was appointed Professor of Anatomy at the University of Parma. Tenchini began to study the morphology of the brains of criminals, later founding the "Museum of Criminal Anthropology". He collected brains of delinquents and their wax masks and studied the relationship between neuroanatomy and criminality. He promoted the building of a lunatic asylum in the province of Parma and was interested in social medicine, including the pellagra scourge in Northern Italy. Tenchini conducted important research work in the field of neuropsychiatry and anthropology. He was one of the founders of criminal anthropology in Italy and sought to explain criminal behavior through the study of neuroanatomy.
# Dionisius A. Agius

Dionisius A. Agius (born 1945) is an Emeritus Professor of Arabic Studies and Islamic Material Culture at the University of Exeter. He is a Fellow of the British Academy and the Royal Society of Arts and the Royal Geographical Society.

## Biography

He received his PhD in 1984 from the University of Toronto. Between 1990 and 2000, he conducted extensive maritime ethnographic fieldwork on the coasts of the Persian Gulf and Oman, and from 2002 to 2014, on the African and Arabian coasts of the Red Sea.
# Kittrell College

Kittrell College was a two-year private historically black college located in Kittrell, North Carolina from 1886 until 1975. It was associated with the African Methodist Episcopal Church. After the college closed, many of its facilities became the Kittrell Job Corps Center campus.

## History

Kittrell College was originally chartered in 1885 by the African Methodist Episcopal Church in Kittrell, North Carolina, as Kittrell Normal and Industrial School. It was founded to train underprivileged African-Americans as teachers and artisans. The first session of classes began in 1886. In 1887, the school was rechartered and subsequently renamed as Kittrell Institute. With the second charter, it was able to train ministers as well. Kitrell Institute was once again rechartered in 1899, allowing it to begin post-secondary programs. In 1901, its name was changed for the last time, to Kittrell College.
In 1926, Kittrell College bought four buildings from Duke University: a library, Alspaugh Hall, Craven Memorial Hall, and Crowell Science Building. The purchase was at least partially funded by an endowment given by Benjamin Duke; he and his father, Washington Duke, were long-time donors to Kittrell. Three of the buildings were brought to the Kittrell campus, and the B.N. Duke Library was dedicated in October 1929, but the college did not have the funds to move the Crowell Science Building.
Kittrell College was closed for three years beginning in 1934 because of financial problems. The college reorganized and reopened in 1937, but closed once again in 1948. In 1953, it reopened as a high school and junior college. The college continued high school classes until 1965, when the last high school class graduated. In 1969, the school renovated the B.N. Duke Library for $269,900. It also opened a student center in January 1971 and planned to construct an on-campus dormitory.
All three buildings from Duke University, including the library, were destroyed by a fire in 1972. Six students were expelled for their alleged connection with the arson. There was also a fire in the business office in March 1973. In the 1970s the school also faced an investigation into the misallocation of federal money and failed to fund-raise enough money to erase debts. The last class graduated in 1975 and the school was disbanded shortly after. In 1979, the campus was purchased for a Federal Jobs Corps Center, which has remained in place since. Enrollment at closure was approximately 400.

### Revitalization efforts

In 1997, several alumni were reported to be interested in restarting Kittrell College.
In December 2020, Stephanie Freeman, a North Carolina educator, proposed to reopen Kittrell College.

## Notable alumni

* Pee Wee Kirkland - former street basketball player and member of Kittrell's basketball team
* William Henry Ferris - author, minister, and scholar, editor of Negro World