# Research-intensive cluster

Research-intensive clusters (RICs) are regions with a high density of research-oriented organizations. These regions may be informally designated, or may be represented by a formal association. Member organizations are often universities, businesses, and non-profit research institutes.
Closely related concepts include research associations (in general), research parks, technology clusters, and economic clusters. RICs differ from generic research associations in that the member organizations must be geographically close to one another. RICs differ from research parks in that the member organizations are in separate locations within a geographical region, and are not sharing the same exact location. RICs differ from technology and economic clusters because they focus on more research rather than on economic development per se, though for-profit businesses may certainly be members of both types of groups.
Other similar concepts include technology alliances and business parks. Technology alliances focus on economic development, often regardless of research-intensity or geographic density. Business parks provide infrastructure and facilities to businesses, but there is no requirement for research-intensity and all the member organizations share facilities in exactly the same location.

## List of research-intensive clusters

| Name | Location | Nation | Anchor Universities/Institutes (or Companies) |
| 315 Research Corridor | Columbus, OH | U.S. | Ohio State University, Battelle Institute, etc. |
| BioValley | Basel, Freiburg, Illkirch | Switzerland, Germany, France | Innovation Center, Unicampus, Research Park, Technology Center |
| Edinburgh Science Triangle | Edinburgh | Scotland | (many) |
| Eindhoven-Leuven-Aachen triangle (ELAt) | Eindhoven-Leuven-Aachen | Netherlands, Belgium, Germany | (many) |
| Global Medical Excellence Cluster | South East England and East Anglia | England | Many, including the University of Oxford, the University of Cambridge, Imperial College London, King's College London (KCL), Queen Mary University of London (QMUL)and University College London (UCL) |
| Golden triangle | Oxford, London and Cambridge | England | Many, including the University of Oxford, the University of Cambridge, Imperial College London, King's College London (KCL), the London School of Economics (LSE) and University College London (UCL) |
| Innovation Crescent | Atlanta, GA and Athens, GA | U.S. | Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, University of Georgia, etc. |
| MedCity | London | England | Imperial College London, King's College London (KCL) and University College London (UCL) |
| Medicon Valley | Öresund Region | Denmark and Sweden | University of Copenhagen, Lund University, etc. |
| Michigan Life Sciences Corridor | Michigan | U.S. | Michigan State University, Wayne State University, University of Michigan, Van Andel Institute |
| OstWestfalenLippe Maschinenbau | East Westphalia | Germany | (many) |
| Oklahoma Research Corridor | Oklahoma | U.S. | University of Oklahoma (OU), OU Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma State University (OSU), University of Tulsa (TU) |
| Oulu Region | Oulu | Finland | University of Oulu, Technopolis Plc |
| Paris-Saclay | Paris, Ile-de-France | France | Université Paris-Saclay (2014), Etablissement public Paris-Saclay and Paris Region Economic Development Agency |
| Pittsburgh Quantum Institute | Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania | U.S. | Duquesne University, Carnegie Mellon University, and the University of Pittsburgh |
| Red River Valley Research Corridor | North Dakota | U.S. | North Dakota State University (NDSU) and University of North Dakota (UND) |
| Research Triangle | Raleigh-Durham-Cary-Chapel Hill, North Carolina | U.S. | North Carolina State University, Duke University, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
| Salzburg Wood Cluster | Salzburg | Austria | (many) |
| Silicon Fen (or the Cambridge Cluster) | Cambridge | England | University of Cambridge |
| Silicon Valley | southern San Francisco Bay Area | U.S. | (many) |
| Styrian Autocluster | Styria | Austria | AVL List, Magna Steyr, Lear Corporation, Johnson Controls, etc. |
| University Research Corridor | Michigan | U.S. | Michigan State University, Wayne State University, University of Michigan |