OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sam Smith (disambiguation)

Sam Smith (born 1992) is an English singer and songwriter.
Sam Smith may also refer to:

## Arts

* Sam Smith (actor) (born 1989), English child actor
* Sam Smith (Australian actor), known for Jirga (2018)
* Sam Smith (artist), Australian artist
* Sam Smith (painter) (1918–1999), American painter
* Sam Smith (toymaker) (1908–1983), artist, sculptor and toymaker
* Samuel Smith (photographer) (1802-1892), English photographer

## Media and politics

* Sam Smith (journalist) (born 1937), American journalist and activist
* Sam Smith (sportswriter) (born 1948), American sports journalist for the Chicago Tribune
* Sam Smith (American politician) (1922–1995), state legislator from Washington
* Sam Smith (Australian politician), Australian union official and politician

## Sports
### Association football

* Sam Smith (footballer, born 1904) (1904–1988), English footballer with Cardiff City and Port Vale
* Sam Smith (footballer, born 1909) (1909–1994), English footballer with Birmingham, Norwich City and Walsall
* Sam Smith (footballer, born 1998), English footballer for Cambridge United and Reading

### Other sports

* Sam Smith (basketball, born 1943) (1943–2022), American basketball player in the ABA
* Sam Smith (basketball, born 1955), American basketball player in the NBA
* Sam Smith (rugby league), British rugby league footballer
* Sam Smith (rugby union) (born 1990), English rugby union player
* Sam Smith (tennis) (born 1971), British tennis player

## Other fields

* Sam Smith (psychologist) (1929–2012), Canadian academic
* Sam Smith (businesswoman) (born 1974), British CEO of FinnCap
# Robert Abplanalp

Robert Henry Abplanalp, (KHS) (April 4, 1922 – August 30, 2003) was an American inventor and engineer who invented the modern form of the aerosol spray valve, the founder of Precision Valve Corporation, a Republican political activist, and a close confidant of Richard Nixon.

## Biography

Born to Swiss immigrant parents in the Bronx, New York, Abplanalp graduated from Fordham Preparatory School in 1939 (he rescued the school from financial distress in 1978) and studied mechanical engineering at Villanova University. He ran a small machine shop prior to entering the United States Army in 1943. After serving in World War II he worked in his machine shop where he invented a practical aerosol valve that could be mass-produced inexpensively. He began the Precision Valve Corporation in 1949, and, by 1950, 15,000,000 valves had been produced, marking the beginning of his business empire.
In 1956, he married Josephine Sloboda. The couple had two children. Later in life he became a Republican and supported many conservative causes. Abplanalp was a close friend and supporter of former US President Richard M. Nixon, Nixon's immediate family, and Nixon's long-time confidant, Charles "Bebe" Rebozo. Abplanalp owned the lease to Walker's Cay for many years. He supported sports fishing as well as conservation. On at least one occasion he took his Grumman seaplane to the island. Abplanalp and his wife were generous donors to Catholic charities, in recognition of which they were inducted in 1971 into two charitable orders — the Order of Malta and the Order of the Holy Sepulchre.
In 1974 University of California at Irvine chemist Frank Sherwood Rowland suggested that long-lived organic halogen compounds, such as the CFCs then widely used to pressurize spray cans, would reach the stratosphere where they would be dissociated by UV light, releasing chlorine atoms. Abplanalp wrote to the Chancellor of UC Irvine to complain about Rowland's public statements.
At the time of Abplanalp's death in Bronxville, New York from lung cancer on August 30, 2003, age 81, he held more than 300 aerosol-related patents. He is interred at the Gate of Heaven Cemetery in Hawthorne, New York.

## Association with Richard Nixon

One of the central national issues in the Watergate scandal was a set of allegations that President Richard M. Nixon's administration had taken official action in response to money given to him or to his political organizations. Nixon's close friends Bebe Rebozo and Abplanalp found themselves mentioned in relation to allegations of misuse of campaign funds and secret presidential slush funds. Abplanalp purchased a house in Key Biscayne, Florida, next to the home of Rebozo, for use by the Secret Service during presidential visits to Rebozo's home. At the time of the Watergate burglary in June 1972, Nixon was vacationing at Abplanalp's island in the Bahamas.
# Bezirk Potsdam

The Bezirk Potsdam was a district (Bezirk) of East Germany. The administrative seat and the main town was Potsdam.

## History

The district was established, with the other 13, on 25 July 1952, substituting the old German states. After 3 October 1990 it was disestablished following German reunification, becoming again part of the state of Brandenburg.

## Geography
### Position

The Bezirk Potsdam was the largest Bezirk in the GDR and the only one bordering with West Berlin. In addition, it bordered with East Berlin and the Bezirke of Schwerin, Neubrandenburg, Frankfurt (Oder), Cottbus, Halle and Magdeburg.

### Subdivision

The Bezirk was divided into 15 Kreise: 2 urban districts (Stadtkreise) and 15 rural districts (Landkreise):
* Urban districts : Brandenburg an der Havel; Potsdam.
* Rural districts : Belzig; Brandenburg; Gransee; Jüterbog; Königs Wusterhausen; Kyritz; Luckenwalde; Nauen; Neuruppin; Oranienburg; Potsdam; Pritzwalk; Rathenow; Wittstock; Zossen.
# 2013 Bengali blog blackout

On 4 April 2013 (07:00 GMT) all Bengali blogs were blacked out for an indefinite time to protest the arrest of four bloggers in Bangladesh (Moshiur Rahman Biplob, Rasel Parvez, Subrata Adhikari Shuvo and Asif Mohiuddin). The blackout was to back a demand for the unconditional release of the arrested bloggers. A fundamentalist group named Hefajat-e-Islam Bangladesh started a campaign to hang freethinking bloggers, and demanding tough blasphemy laws. In response, the government started monitoring Bengali blog sites and sending letters to their authorities to terminate the alleged "anti-religious" blogs and provide information about the alleged "anti-religious" bloggers. Individual bloggers showed their solidarity with this blackout by changing their profile photos on Facebook and by tweeting with the #MuzzleMeNot hashtag. Different international organizations expressed deep concern about taking free-thinking bloggers into custody. After 92 hours of blackout, blogs returned online by publishing a press release on their central Facebook page.

## Background

From the beginning of the Shahbag protest, bloggers came out on the streets to demand capital punishment of Abdul Quader Molla, a war criminal of the Bangladesh liberation war and a leader of Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami. During the protests, a controversial author, pro-Shahbag blogger and online activist Sunnyur Rahman, popularly known as 'Nastik Nobi' (Atheist Prophet) in the blog community, was stabbed on 7 March 2013. Another pro-Shahbag blogger Ahmed Rajib Haider who was critical of Jamaat-e-Islami, was killed by a few Jamaat activists. Afterwards, a Jamaat backed Islamic fundamentalist organisation started a violent protest demanding the death penalty for all allegedly "anti-Islamic" bloggers, and they termed all participants of the Shahbag movement as atheist. The spokesperson of the Shahbag movement Imran H. Sharkar said, Hifazat-e-Islam is desperate to thwart the war crimes trial and the process of banning Jamaat-e-Islami.
Afterwards, the government of Bangladesh started monitoring the blogosphere and sent letters to the Bengali blog authorities to terminate the alleged "anti-religious" blogs and to provide information about the alleged "anti-religious" bloggers.
On the night of 1 April 2013, three bloggers were arrested by the detective branch (DB) police. Blogger Rasel Pervez, a prominent physicist and blogger and Mashiur Rahman Biplob were arrested on 1 April 2013 from their house. Subrata Adhikari Shuvo, who is a masters student of the Bengali department at the University of Dhaka, was also arrested on the same day from his university dormitory.
Another blogger Asif Mohiuddin was called to the police station on 3 April 2013, and when he went there, he was arrested. Earlier, the Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission forced the Bengali blog somewhereinblog.net to remove all writings of Asif Mohiuddin. The move was criticized by Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, Center for Inquiry, Reporters Without Borders, Committee to Protect Journalists, and several other bodies.
# Hugo Yasky

Hugo Yasky (born 10 October 1949) is an Argentine teacher, union leader and politician. Since 2006 he has been Secretary-General of the Argentine Workers' Central Union (CTA), a major trade union federation in Argentina. Since 2017 he has additionally been a member of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies representing Buenos Aires Province.
Yasky is also vice president of New Encounter, a kirchnerist political party affiliated to the Frente de Todos.

## Biography

Hugo Yasky was born in 1949 in Ramos Mejía, a city in the Greater Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area. His family is of Romanian-Jewish origin, although he was raised in a Jewish secular household. His grandfather was the first Socialist local councillor in Ramos Mejía.
He started working as a teacher in 1971, aged 21. He joined the teachers' union, and voted for the creation of the CTERA union in 1973. He was fired in 1978, during the National Reorganization Process. He started to work again in 1981, in Lomas de Zamora, recreating the local teachers' union. He was elected secretary general of SUTEBA in 1994.
He was elected secretary general of the CTA in 1997. Back then, he opposed the policies of president Carlos Menem, and took part in a hunger strike at the Carpa blanca. There were new elections in 2011, and he was initially defeated by Pablo Micheli, who opposed the president Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, supported by Yasky. The elections were contested, and the judiciary confirmed Yasky as president. Micheli considered that the presidency would have interfered in the elections via loyalist judges, and Yasky that the judiciary confirmed their suspicions about electoral fraud.
He was elected to the Argentine Chamber of Deputies in the 2017 legislative election.

## Electoral history

Electoral history of Hugo Yasky :
| Election | Office | List | List | # | District | Votes | Votes | Votes | Result | Ref. |
| Election | Office | List | List | # | District | Total | % | P. | Result | Ref. |
| 2017 | National Deputy | | Unidad Ciudadana | 6 | Buenos Aires Province | 3,383,114 | 36.28% | 2nd | Elected | |
| 2021 | National Deputy | | Frente de Todos | 8 | Buenos Aires Province | 3,444,446 | 38.59% | 2nd | Elected | |
* 1 2 Presented on an electoral list. The data shown represents the share of the vote the entire party/alliance received in that constituency.
# Sophronica calceoides

Sophronica calceoides is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Lepesme & Stephan von Breuning in 1952.
# Sofía Brambilla

Sofía Brambilla is an Argentine politician who is a member of the Chamber of Deputies of Argentina.

## Biography

Brambilla worked in political science.
# Fabio Quetglas

Fabio Quetglas is an Argentine politician who is a member of the Chamber of Deputies of Argentina.

## Biography

He worked as a university professor before his election in 2021.
# Claudia Bernazza

Claudia Alicia Bernazza (born 12 June 1960) is an Argentine teacher, social activist and politician who served as a National Deputy elected in Buenos Aires Province on two occasions: from 2007 to 2009, when she filled in the vacancy left by Graciela Rosso, and later from 2020 to 2021, filling the vacancy left by Daniel Scioli, who was appointed Ambassador in Brazil.

## Early life and education

Bernazza was born on 12 June 1960 in La Plata. Her father, Ricardo, was originally from Brandsen and claimed descent from Italian immigrants, while her mother, Sofia Romaniuk, was a Ukrainian immigrant. In 2013, Bernazza orchestrated a reunion between her mother and her aunt, Lena, who was still living in Ukraine.
Bernazza finished high school at Liceo Víctor Mercante in La Plata, and then went on to study to become a teacher at Instituto Superior de Formación Docente N.º 12. She also studied agricultural engineering at the National University of La Plata, and has a master's degree and PhD from the Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences (FLACSO); her PhD thesis was on government planning in Argentina from 1974 to 2000. She currently teaches graduate and post-graduate courses at the National University of Lanús, the National University of La Plata, FLACSO, and the Arturo Jauretche National University.

## Career

Alongside her husband, Enrique Spinetta, Bernazza founded the Lugar del Sol Foundation for homeless children. The foundation forms part of the Movimiento Nacional Chicos del Pueblo. In 2001, she was appointed Executive Secretary of the Provincial Public Administration Institute (IPAP), later serving as its president from 2004. Simultaneously, from 2006 to 2007, she was president of the Provincial Council for Women in Buenos Aires Province.
In the 2005 legislative election, Bernazza ran for a seat in the Argentine Chamber of Deputies in the Front for Victory list in Buenos Aires; the list received 43.04% of the popular vote, not enough for Bernazza to be elected. She took office on 19 September 2007, however, in replacement of Graciela Rosso, who was elected intendente (mayor) of Luján. During this first term, Bernazza introduced a bill to create a national park in General Lavalle Partido; the bill passed both chambers of Congress, effectively creating the Campos del Tuyú National Park, the first national park in Buenos Aires Province.
Bernazza ran for the Chamber of Deputies again in the 2017 legislative election as the 19th candidate in the Unidad Ciudadana list in Buenos Aires Province. The list received 36.28% of the vote, again, not enough for Bernazza to be elected. She would take office in 2020 in replacement of Daniel Scioli, who was appointed ambassador of Argentina in Brazil. During her second term as national deputy, Bernazza formed part of the parliamentary commissions on Families and Childhood, Science and Technology, Communications, Modernization of Parliamentary Procedure, Maritime Interests, and the bicameral commission on children's rights. She was a supporter of the 2020 Voluntary Interruption of Pregnancy bill, which legalized abortion in Argentina.
# Miguel Ángel Bazze

Miguel Ángel Bazze (born 30 April 1955) is an Argentine politician, currently serving as National Deputy elected in Buenos Aires Province since 2011. A member of the Radical Civic Union, Bazze he sits in the Juntos por el Cambio inter-bloc in the Chamber of Deputies.
Bazze previously served as a member of the Buenos Aires Province Chamber of Deputies, as a city councillor in La Plata, and as president of the Buenos Aires Province Committee of the Radical Civic Union.

## Early life and career

Bazze was born on 30 April 1955 in General Roca, in Río Negro Province. When he was 17 years old, he moved to La Plata to study engineering at the National University of La Plata, and it was there he began his political activism in the student wing of the Radical Civic Union, Franja Morada. He would later drop out of university to dedicate himself to politics full time.
Bazze is married and has five sons.

## Political career

From 1985 to 1989, Bazze was a member of the La Plata City Council. Then, from 1989 to 1993, he was a member of the Buenos Aires Province Chamber of Deputies elected in the Capital Electoral Section (corresponding to the La Plata Partido). In 2010, he was elected president of the Provincial Committee of the Radical Civic Union, a position he held until 2012 when he was succeeded by Alejandro Armendáriz.
In 2011, Bazze ran for a seat in the Argentine Chamber of Deputies as the first candidate in the Union for Social Development (UDESO) list; the list received 11.54% of the vote and Bazze was elected. He was re-elected in 2015 and in 2019, both times as the third candidate in the Cambiemos and Juntos por el Cambio lists.

## Electoral history

Electoral history of Miguel Ángel Bazze :
| Election | Office | List | List | # | District | Votes | Votes | Votes | Result | Ref. |
| Election | Office | List | List | # | District | Total | % | P. | Result | Ref. |
| 1985 | Councillor | | Radical Civic Union | 1 | La Plata Partido | 125,123 | 45.31% | 1st | Elected | |
| 1989 | Provincial Deputy | | Radical Civic Union | 2 | Capital Electoral Section | 107,554 | 35.57% | 2nd | Elected | |
| 2011 | National Deputy | | Union for Social Development [es] | 1 | Buenos Aires Province | 928,027 | 11.54% | 3rd | Elected | |
| 2015 | National Deputy | | Cambiemos | 3 | Buenos Aires Province | 3,037,552 | 33.75% | 2nd | Elected | |
| 2019 | National Deputy | | Juntos por el Cambio | 3 | Buenos Aires Province | 3,668,580 | 37.77% | 2nd | Elected | |
* 1 2 3 4 5 Presented on an electoral list. The data shown represents the share of the vote the entire party/alliance received in that constituency.
# Sophronica carissae

Sophronica carissae is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Fisher in 1930.
# Lubowicz-Kąty

Lubowicz-Kąty is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Klukowo, within Wysokie Mazowieckie County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland.
# Pat Lamberti

Pat Lamberti (September 1, 1937 – December 19. 2007) was an American football linebacker. He played for the New York Titans and Denver Broncos in 1961.
# Julius Mongwaketse

Seodi Julius Mongwaketse (born 17 January 1956) is a South African politician and businessman. He represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly from 1999 to 2004, narrowly gaining election in 1999. Before that, he was a member of the Northern Cape caucus of the Senate (later the National Council of Provinces) during the first democratic Parliament from 1994 to 1999.
After leaving Parliament in 2004, Mongwaketse pursued a career in business, joining a black economic empowerment mining company called Northern Cape Manganese Company. He was also a member of the Provincial Executive Committee of the ANC's North West branch.
# Wayne G. Hammond

Wayne Gordon Hammond (born February 11, 1953) is an American scholar known for his research and writings on the works of J. R. R. Tolkien. Together with his wife Christina Scull, a fellow Tolkien scholar, they have jointly won Mythopoeic Scholarship Awards for Inklings Studies five times.

## Biography

Wayne Hammond was born in Cleveland, Ohio, and then raised in Brooklyn, Ohio. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree with Honors as an English major at Baldwin-Wallace College in 1975. He gained his Master of Arts degree in Library Science from the University of Michigan in 1976. From August 1976 to June 2015, he was Assistant Librarian of the Chapin Library of Rare Books at Williams College, and in July 2015 was promoted to Chapin Librarian.
In 1994, Hammond married fellow Tolkien scholar Christina Scull, and the two have since collaborated on several projects. John Garth describes Hammond and Scull as "two highly regarded veterans of Tolkien studies."
Their book J. R. R. Tolkien: Artist and Illustrator won the 1996 Mythopoeic Scholarship Award for Inklings Studies, one of five such awards that Hammond has won.

## Books

* 1982 The Graphic Art of C.B. Falls: An Introduction.
* 1993 J. R. R. Tolkien: A Descriptive Bibliography – with the assistance of Douglas A. Anderson
* 1995 (with Christina Scull) J. R. R. Tolkien: Artist and Illustrator. Houghton Mifflin.
* 2000 Arthur Ransome: A Bibliography.
* 2005 (with Christina Scull) The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion. Houghton Mifflin.
* 2006 (with Christina Scull) The Lord of the Rings 1954-2004: Scholarship in Honor of Richard E. Blackwelder. Marquette University Press.
* 2006 (with Christina Scull) The J. R. R. Tolkien Companion and Guide. Houghton Mifflin. Revised and expanded edition 2017.
* 2024 (with Christina Scull) The Collected Poems of J.R.R. Tolkien
# Ryuji Goto

Ryuji Goto (born 10 September 1931) is a Japanese rower. He competed in the men's coxed four event at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Mizugakiibacter

Mizugakiibacter is a Gram-negative genus of Pseudomonadota from the family of Rhodanobacteraceae with one known species (Mizugakiibacter sediminis). Mizugakiibacter sediminis has been isolated from sediments from the Lake Mizugaki in Japan.
# Kristian Ørud

Kristian Ørud (27 February 1878 – 2 July 1946) was a Norwegian farmer and politician for the Agrarian Party.
He was born at Skjefstad in Østre Toten as a son of farmer Olaus Hval (1855–1927) and Auline Skjefstad (1855–1927). He took some education in his district, and took over the family farm in 1904. He was also involved in the Norwegian Agrarian Association. He was a board member of the Agrarian Party's county chapter from 1921 to 1938. He was a member of Østre Toten municipal council from 1913 to 1928, serving as mayor from 1922 to 1925. From 1925 to 1928 he was a member of Oppland "county council" (fylkesråd). He served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway during the terms 1922–1924 and 1925–1927, and was elected as a full representative in 1927, 1930 and 1933, representing Oppland.
From 1939 to 1945 he was a manager in the Bank of Norway department in Gjøvik. During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany he was a member of the Fascist party Nasjonal Samling. After the occupation ended he fell from grace. He was to be tried in court during the legal purge in Norway after World War II, but died before it happened.
# Arthur Nordlie

Arthur Henry Eugen Nordlie (2 February 1883 in Oslo – 7 January 1965) was a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party.
He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Oslo in 1928, and was re-elected on three occasions. He had previously served in the position of deputy representative during the term 1925–1927.
Nordlie was a member of Oslo city council from 1919 to 1940, as well as for a period after the German occupation of Norway.
# Maciejkowa Góra

Maciejkowa Góra is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Michałowo, within Białystok County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Belarus.
# Majdan, Suwałki County

Majdan (Polish pronunciation:) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szypliszki, within Suwałki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Lithuania. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Szypliszki, 26 km (16 mi) north of Suwałki, and 132 km (82 mi) north of the regional capital Białystok.
# Nils Lavik

Nils Andresson Lavik (8 January 1884 – 14 July 1966) was a Norwegian politician for the Christian Democratic Party.
He was born in the former municipality of Hosanger in Hordaland County, Norway. Originally a member of the Liberal Party, he eventually joined the Christian Democratic Party who broke out of the Liberal Party in 1933. He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Hordaland in 1934, and was re-elected on three occasions. He had previously served in the position of deputy representative for the Liberal Party during the term 1930–1933. He was chairman of the Christian Democratic Party 1938–1951. Lavik served in the Norwegian Parliament until 1953.
# Aasmund Kulien

Aasmund Kulien (4 May 1893 – 18 October 1988) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.
He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Vest-Agder in 1937, and was re-elected on two occasions. He had previously served in the position of deputy representative during the term 1934–1936.
On the local level, Kulien was a member of Greipstad municipal council from 1928 to 1942. He chaired the regional party chapter from 1921 to 1923, and was a member of the national board from 1930 to 1939.
He was born in Kristiansand, worked as a gardener from 1908 but settled as a farmer in Greipstad in 1922. While living there, he served two years as the chief of the fire department, as well as other public posts.