# Fernando Solanas

Fernando Ezequiel "Pino" Solanas (16 February 1936 – 6 November 2020) was an Argentine film director, screenwriter, score composer and politician. His films include; La hora de los hornos (The Hour of the Furnaces) (1968), Tangos: el exilio de Gardel (1985), Sur (1988), El viaje (1992), La nube (1998) and Memoria del saqueo (2004), among many others. He was National Senator representing the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires for six years, from 2013 to 2019.
Solanas studied theatre, music, and law. In 1962, he directed his first short feature Seguir andando and in 1968 he covertly produced and directed his first long feature film La Hora de los Hornos, a documentary on neo-colonialism and violence in Latin America. The film won several international awards and was screened around the world. Solanas won the Grand Jury Prize and the Critics Award at the Venice Film Festival and the Prix de la mise en scène at the Cannes Film Festival. In 1999 he was the president of the jury at the 21st Moscow International Film Festival. He was awarded a special Honorary Golden Bear at the 2004 Berlin Film Festival. He collaborated with tango composer and musician Ástor Piazzolla on the soundtracks for various movies.

## Background

Solanas was at the forefront of the Grupo Cine Liberación which shook Argentine cinema during the 1970s, developing its social conscience and political voice. He was active in the campaign to support Perón. Threatened by right-wing forces in the 1970s, one of his actors was assassinated and he himself was almost kidnapped.
Together with Octavio Getino, Solanas wrote the manifesto "Toward a Third Cinema". The idea of a political Third Cinema, opposed to Hollywood cinema and European auteur cinema, inspired film makers in many so-called developing countries.
Solanas went into exile in Paris in 1976, only returning to Argentina with the arrival of democracy in 1983.

## Political career

Solanas continued to make political films and was an outspoken critic of Carlos Menem, the Argentine President. Three days after such a public criticism, on 21 May 1991, Solanas was shot six times in his legs. Those responsible were never caught but Solanas always thought that Menem was behind it. Despite dealing with the attack and disability, Solanas became even more involved in politics and stood to be a Senator for Buenos Aires, receiving 7% of the vote in 1992. A year later he was elected a National Deputy for the Frente Grande list, although he left the party after a year.
Solanas continued to write and direct, including the 2005 film La Dignidad de los Nadies and the 2008 film La última estación. His son, Juan Solanas, is also a noted film director.
In October 2007, Solanas was a presidential candidate in the 2007 Argentine general election for the Authentic Socialist Party. He became the 5th most voted candidate, with 1.58% of the vote.
In 2009, Solanas was elected as a National Deputy for the city of Buenos Aires in the June 28th parliamentary elections, as his party Proyecto Sur attained the second largest political representation in the city by collecting 24.2% of the votes. In 2013, Solanas was elected National Senator, representing Buenos Aires City from 2013 to 2019.
In 2018 Solanas was vehemently for the legalization of abortion, claiming that sexual pleasure is a "fundamental human right".
In 2019, following the end of his term as senator, he was appointed as Argentina's ambassador to UNESCO; he served in the position until his death from COVID-19 in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France, on 6 November 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic in France.

## Filmography

* Seguir andando (1962) (short)
* Reflexión ciudadana (1963) (short)
* La hora de los hornos (The Hour of the Furnaces) (1968)
* Argentina, Mayo de 1969: los caminos de la liberación (1969)
* Perón, la revolución justicialista (1971)
* Perón: actualización política y doctrinaria para la toma del poder (1971)
* Los hijos de fierro (1972)
* La mirada de los otros (1980) Filmed in Paris, France
* El exilio de Gardel (Tangos) (1985)
* Sur (1988)
* El viaje (1992)
* La nube (1998)
* Afrodita, el sabor del amor (2001)
* Memoria del saqueo (2004)
* La dignidad de los nadies (2005)
* Argentina latente (2007)
* La próxima estación (2008)
* Tierra Sublevada: Oro Puro (2009)
* Tierra Sublevada: Oro Nego (2011)
* La guerra del fracking (2013)
* El legado estratégico de Juan Perón (2016)
* Viaje a los pueblos fumigados (2018)
* Tres en la deriva del acto creativo (2021)

## Accolades

Awards and Nominations :
| Ceremony | Year | Category | Results |
| Venice Film Festival | 1985 | Grand Special Jury Prize | Won |
| Venice Film Festival | 1998 | CinemAvvenire Award (Best Film in Competition) | Won |
| Venice Film Festival | 1998 | Golden Lion | Nominated |
| Venice Film Festival | 1998 | UNESCO Award - Special Mention | Won |
| Venice Film Festival | 2005 | Award of the City of Rome (Best Film) | Won |
| Venice Film Festival | 2005 | Doc/It Award | Won |
| Venice Film Festival | 2005 | Human Rights Film Network Award | Won |
| Montréal World Film Festival | 2001 | Grand Prix Special des Amériques | Won |
| Mar del Plata Film Festival | 2004 | Best Film | Nominated |
| Mannheim-Heidelberg International Filmfestival | 1968 | Interfilm Award | Won |
| Havana Film Festival | 2007 | Special Jury Prize (Documentary) | Won |
| Havana Film Festival | 2005 | Memoria Documentary Award | Won |
| Havana Film Festival | 2005 | Saúl Yelín Award | Won |
| Havana Film Festival | 1998 | CARACOL Award | Won |
| Havana Film Festival | 1998 | Honorary Award | Won |
| Havana Film Festival | 1998 | Saúl Yelín Award | Won |
| Havana Film Festival | 1992 | Special Jury Prize | Won |
| Havana Film Festival | 1988 | Grand Coral - First Prize | Won |
| Havana Film Festival | 1985 | Grand Coral - First Prize | Won |
| Gramado Film Festival | 1992 | Golden Kikito (Best Ibero-American Film (Melhor Filme) | Nominated |
| Cannes Film Festival | 1992 | Golden Palm | Nominated |
| Cannes Film Festival | 1992 | Prize of the Ecumenical Jury - Special Mention | Won |
| Cannes Film Festival | 1992 | Technical Grand Prize | Won |
| Cannes Film Festival | 1990 | Audience Award | Won |
| Cannes Film Festival | 1989 | Audience Award | Won |
| Cannes Film Festival | 1988 | Best Director | Won |
| Cannes Film Festival | 1988 | Golden Palm | Nominated |
| British Film Institute Awards | 1972 | Sutherland Trophy | Won |
| Berlin International Film Festival | 2004 | Honorary Golden Berlin Bear | Won |
| Berlin International Film Festival | 1971 | FIPRESCI Prize - Special Mention | Won |
| Argentinean Film Critics Association Awards | 2010 | Silver Condor (Best Documentary Feature (Mejor Largometraje Documental)) | Nominated |
| Argentinean Film Critics Association Awards | 2009 | Silver Condor (Best Documentary Feature (Mejor Largometraje Documental)) | Nominated |
| Argentinean Film Critics Association Awards | 2009 | Silver Condor (Best Editing (Mejor Montaje)) | Nominated |
| Argentinean Film Critics Association Awards | 2009 | Silver Condor (Best Screenplay, Documentary (Mejor Guión Largometraje Documental)) | Nominated |
| Argentinean Film Critics Association Awards | 2008 | Silver Condor (Best Documentary Feature (Mejor Largometraje Documental)) | Nominated |
| Argentinean Film Critics Association Awards | 2006 | Silver Condor (Best Documentary (Mejor Documental)) | Nominated |
| Argentinean Film Critics Association Awards | 2006 | Silver Condor (Best Screenplay, Documentary (Mejor Guión Documental)) | Nominated |
| Argentinean Film Critics Association Awards | 2005 | Silver Condor (Best Documentary (Mejor Largometraje Documental) | Nominated |
| Argentinean Film Critics Association Awards | 2005 | Silver Condor (Best Screenplay, Feature-Length Documentary (Mejor Guión Largometraje Documental)) | Nominated |
| Argentinean Film Critics Association Awards | 1999 | Silver Condor (Best Director (Mejor Director)) | Nominated |
| Argentinean Film Critics Association Awards | 1987 | Silver Condor (Best Director (Mejor Director)) | Won |
| Argentinean Film Critics Association Awards | 1987 | Silver Condor (Best Music (Mejor Música)) | Won |
| Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences of Argentina | 2009 | Award of the Argentinean Academy (Best Documentary) | Nominated |
| Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences of Argentina | 2008 | Award of the Argentinean Academy (Best Documentary) | Won |

## Quotes

"The possibility of making a new cinema completely outside the system depends on whether or not filmmakers can transform themselves from 'directors' into total filmmakers. And no one can become a total filmmaker without being a film technician, without being capable of handling the production."