OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bad Salzelmen

Bad Salzelmen has been a district of Schönebeck (Elbe) since 1932 and is a state-approved spa in the Salzlandkreis in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It was founded in 1894 when the town of Groß Salze absorbed the neighbouring town of Elmen. The town was renamed to Bad Salzelmen in 1926.

## History

Bad Salzelmen can look back on more than 800 years of salt production history. In Elmen brine was already mined in the 12th century. With the "white gold" the Pfänner, or later also called Salzgrafen, gained great influence on the town. As a Pfännerschaft, they were not only a commercial association, but also spoke the law as authorities. Parts of the town wall from the 14th century, the former town hall from the 15th century and the Johanniskirche from the middle of the 15th century still bear witness to the wealth and power of the Pfänners. Today the Salzlandmuseum is located in the town hall. In 1680 the town of Groß Salze went to the Brandenburg-Prussian Duchy of Magdeburg. Groß Salze as a so-called Immediatstadt was directly subordinated to the government of the duchy and lay in the wood circle. Between 1756 and 1765, the graduation house was built with a total length of 1837 metres, making it the largest ever built. The "Königlich Preußische Saline" (Royal Prussian Salt Works) was the largest state enterprise in Prussia at that time. In 1776 the 32 meter high brine tower was built near the graduation house. It served the brine production by means of a Dutch "wind art". The saltworks were connected to the port of Schönebeck by a company railway.
The discovery of the healing effect of brine by Johann Wilhelm Tolberg marked the beginning of the history of the spa town of Bad Salzelmen. Germany's first brine spa was opened here in 1802. In 1815 Ernst Leopold Fabian was appointed salt inspector.
The brine was extracted by underground flushing. The caverns thus created ("Graf-Moltke-Schacht") were later used as underground inhalation rooms and during the last years of the Second World War to store, among other things, museum collections of the Berlin State Museums and archives of the Deutsche Akademie and the Prussian Privy State Archives.
The extraction of brine for the purpose of salt production was stopped in 1967, but the brine is still the basis for the spa operation. 300.4 metres of the original graduation house are still preserved today, which serve as an open-air inhalatorium. An inhalatorium is attached to the graduation house in a south-westerly direction. The "brine park" with the recreational pool "Solequell", the spa centre "Lindenbad" and the "Kunsthof" (partly in the brine tower) are today attractions for those seeking relaxation and spa guests. The rehabilitation clinic Bad Salzelmen, built in 1995, is the centre of modern rehabilitation medicine in the area of brine treatment.

## Notable people from Bad Salzelmen

* Katharina Heise (1891-1964), sculptor and illustrator

## Gallery

* Graduation house with „Windkunst“ (brine pumping station).
* Brine tower.
* Spa resource centre „Lindenbad“.
52°00′N 11°43′E﻿ / ﻿52.000°N 11.717°E﻿ / 52.000; 11.717
# Clostridium liquoris

Clostridium liquoris is a strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, rod-shaped, spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Clostridium.
# Michel Duboille

Michel Duboille (1924–2020) was a French slalom canoeist.

## Career

Duboille competed in the late 1940s. He won two gold medals at the 1949 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships in Geneva, earning them in the C-2 and C-2 team events.
# Susanna Blunt

Susanna Blunt (b. 1941) is a Canadian portrait artist who designed the most former portrait of Queen Elizabeth II on the former Canadian coinage, first issued in 2003. She was the second Canadian woman to design a portrait of a monarch the first being Dora de Pedery-Hunt.

## Early life and education

She was born in Harbin, China, the daughter of an English banker. Blunt started her studies at the Banff School of Fine Arts as a young teenager. After finishing high school at Queen Margaret's School she had a year of private lessons in Victoria, British Columbia. She moved to London, England and did four years of art school at the Byam Shaw School of Drawing and Painting in Kensington, then won a scholarship to the Royal Academy for another four years, during which she won several awards and a silver medal. The year before graduating she held her first one-woman show at the now-defunct Canadian Art Gallery in Calgary, Alberta in 1966, and then returned to England to complete the work for her diploma. She returned to Canada and settled in Vancouver in 1970.

## Teaching career

The following year she worked with Yoko Ono, assisting her with various art projects. She then moved to California and started a teaching career, living in the San Francisco Bay area for three years before returning to Vancouver, where she continued teaching in both private and public institutions, including three years on the faculty of the Fine Arts Department at the University of British Columbia.

## Artwork

She became known for her trompe-l'œil paintings and designed the optical illusion room for the Science World museum in Vancouver in 1988. Between 1991 and 1992, while living in France she took part in five shows, group and solo, winning an award in an international competition.
Among the people she has painted are Toni Onley, painter, Vancouver; George Woodcock, author, Vancouver; Stanley Donen, film producer, Los Angeles; and Steven Isserlis, Cellist, London.
She was chosen in a nationwide competition by Gerda Hnatyshyn, wife of Governor-General of Canada Ramon Hnatyshyn, to paint her portrait for Rideau Hall in Ottawa, Ontario. In 1997, she painted and delivered to Buckingham Palace a portrait of Prince Edward a portrait arrangement made possible by her friend Christian Cardell Corbet.
Blunt was invited by the Royal Canadian Mint to join eight other artists in a nationwide competition for a new portrait of Queen Elizabeth II to be used on Canadian coins. The Mint knew of her work, particularly the Hnatyshyn portrait mentioned above. Blunt created the image from a photograph of the Queen. She won the competition and her portrait of the Queen has been used on coins and currency in Canada from 2003 to 2023.
# Gormond et Isembart

Gormond et Isembart (English: "Gormond and Isembart") is an Old French chanson de geste from the second half of the eleventh or first half of the twelfth century. Along with The Song of Roland and the Chanson de Guillaume, it is one of the three chansons de geste whose composition incontestably dates from before 1150; it may be slightly younger than The Song of Roland and, according to one expert, may date from as early as 1068. The poem tells the story of a rebellious young French lord, Isembart, who allies himself with a Saracen king, Gormond, renounces his Christianity, and battles the French king. The poem is sometimes grouped with the Geste de Doon de Mayence or "rebellious vassal cycle" of chansons de geste.

## The text

The extant work only survives in a fragment (two parchment sheets that had been used as a binding of a book) of 661 octosyllable (unusual for a chanson de geste) verses in assonanced laisses (conserved in the Royal Library of Belgium in Brussels) written in a central France dialect, dating from c. 1130, and that form the end of a much longer poem. The content of the entire poem can be inferred from two sources:
* a rhymed chronicle from the 13th century by Philippe Mousket;
* a 15th-century German adaptation/translation, Loher und Maller (1437), of a prose version of a late 14th/early 15th century French romance, Lohier et Mallart.
Dating of the composition of the chanson is based on:
* a mention in the chronicles (finished 1088, revised 1104) of Hariulf, a monk of Saint-Riqiuer;
* allusions to the chanson in Historia Regum Britanniae by Geoffrey of Monmouth.

## Plot

The reconstructed plot is as follows: The young French lord Isembart is cruelly persecuted by the French court and his uncle, king Louis, and he goes into exile in England, joining the Saracen king Gormond and renouncing Christianity. Isembart incites Gormond to attack France, to destroy Isembart's own lands and surrounding country, and to burn down the Abbey of Saint-Riquier. The French king comes to battle them at Cayeux (Cayeux-en-Santerre or Cayeux-sur-Mer). (The surviving fragment begins here.) In the battle, after a series of victorious combats, Gormond falls to Louis, but the king is himself mortally injured when he tries to remain on his horse. The Saracen troops are briefly in chaos, but Isembart takes over the army. He eventually unhorses his own father. Four days later, the Saracens give up the battle and Isembart dies, returning to Christianity in his last breaths.

## Historical sources

The poem appears based on an invasion of Norsemen who burned the Abbey of Saint-Riquier in February 881 and were defeated by Louis III six months later at Saucourt-en-Vimeu.
# Steve Finkel

Stephen Finkel (born January 23, 1953) is an American former international rugby union player and coach.
Finkel was a Scioto Valley RFC product and played on the varsity team at Ohio University.
A flanker, Finkel represented the United States in the inaugural edition of the Hong Kong Sevens and was capped six times for the Eagles XV during the 1980s, with two appearances at the 1987 Rugby World Cup in Australia.
Finkel was the Ohio State University head rugby coach from 1988 to 1991, then took charge of the United States men's national rugby sevens team, which he coached to the 1993 Rugby World Cup Sevens.
In 2017, Finkel was inducted into the US Rugby Hall of Fame.
# Western Nevada

Western Nevada (WNV) is a region and the northwestern portion of the U.S. state of Nevada that includes Reno, Carson City, Carson Valley and Virginia City. Lyon County and Churchill County are sometimes also referred to as part of Western Nevada.
The region is the second most populous in the state (the first being Southern Nevada containing the Las Vegas Valley) with between 530,000 and 615,000 residents, depending on whether Lyon and Churchill counties are included. It is also the historic population center of Nevada, with the state capital in Carson City, the University of Nevada in Reno and several state historic parks, notably Mormon Station State Historic Park in Genoa, the state's first permanent European settlement.

## Geography

Western Nevada encompasses the western edge of the state, with the term generally applied to areas within 100 miles (160 km) of the California border, from Mineral County northward. On the west along the California border, the Sierra Nevada mountains rise sharply from the Great Basin desert floor. Basin and Range Province topography extends east from the Sierras, with mountain ranges such as the Virginia Range, Pah Rah Range and Pine Nut Mountains separating the more densely populated Sierra front with the desert plains to the east. The mountains act as a second rain shadow for Pacific storms rolling east.
Three rivers flow off the Sierras to the Great Basin — the Truckee River, Carson River and Walker River. The Truckee Canyon through the Virginia and Pah Rah mountains serves as the route for Interstate 80 between Fernley and Reno. Pyramid Lake and Washoe Lake collect water in their respective endorheic basins, and Lake Lahontan impounds the Carson River to distribute water for irrigation in Churchill County.

## Transportation

The main roads in the region are Interstate 80, U.S. Route 50 and U.S. Route 395. US 395 runs from the Los Angeles area to the Pacific Northwest along the eastern Sierras and is a freeway for about 51 of its 85 miles (137 km) through Nevada. Part of US 395 is also I-580. About 35,000 cars daily use I-580 and US 395 between Reno and Carson City.
I-80 is the main east-west route through the region, connecting with Sacramento and the San Francisco Bay Area to the west and the Great Basin and Salt Lake City to the east. It also connects the rapidly growing community of Fernley with Reno and serves as a route to access the resort communities at Lake Tahoe.
US 50 also connects to Sacramento to the west, running along Lake Tahoe before descending to Carson City. To the east, it connects Dayton, Silver Springs and Fallon to the state capital.

### Counties

Western Nevada generally includes the following counties:

## Cities and towns

* Reno, Nevada
* Sparks, Nevada
* Carson City, Nevada
* Minden, Nevada
* Gardnerville, Nevada
* Incline Village, Nevada
* Virginia City, Nevada
* Indian Hills, Nevada
* Johnson Lane, Nevada
* Fernley, Nevada
* Fallon, Nevada
* Dayton, Nevada
* Silver Springs, Nevada
* Spanish Springs, Nevada
* Yerington, Nevada
* Genoa, Nevada
* Zephyr Cove, Nevada
# Matłak

Matłak is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bakałarzewo, within Suwałki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Bakałarzewo, 20 km (12 mi) west of Suwałki, and 118 km (73 mi) north of the regional capital Białystok.
# Pranlal Kharsani

Pranlal Kharsani (19 June 1926 – 20 May 2016), better known by his stage name P. Kharsani, was a Gujarati stage, television and film actor.

## Biography

Pranlal Devjibhai Kharsani was born on 19 June 1926 in Bhatwada area near Kalol, Gujarat. He was known for his comic roles but had played other characters also. He was active in films from 1958 to 2008 and for 60 years in theatre. He acted in about hundred Gujarati films and television serials and more than 75 plays. He had written, directed and produced several plays. He died on 20 May 2016 following kidney disease in Ahmedabad.
His memoirs, P. Kharsani no Vesh, were published in June 2015.

## Recognition

He had received several awards and felicitations. He received the Best Actor Award for three consecutive years from 1955 to 1957 from Bombay State government, the Gaurav Puraskar from Gujarat State government in 1989, the Pandit Omkarnath Thakur Award in 1996, the award from the Gujarat Film Development Corporation in 1997, a public felicitation by Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation in 2013, the Natraj Award in April 2016.

## Selected plays

* Patta ni Jod (1958)
* Malela Jeev
* Parnya Chhata Kunvara
* Aram Rajya (Bhavai)
* Chitthi
* Padada Pachhal
* Hu Kaik Kari Besish
* Maf Karjo, Aa Natak Nahi Thay
* Akhil Brahmand Ma Ek Tu Stree Khari
* Panch Minute Ni Paranetar
* Ranchhode Rann Chhodyu
* Rajane Game Te Rani
* Mamaji No Morcho

## Selected filmography

* Kalapi (1966)
* Madi Jaya nu Mameru
* Nari Tu Narayani
* Lakho Phulani
* Vir Mangdavalo (1976)
* Goral Garasani
* Narmadane Kanthe
* Bhathiji Maharaj
* Mena Gurjari
* Nasib ni Balihari
* Preet Pangre Chori Chori
* Bhav ni bhavai
# Matthew Renshaw (swimmer)

Matthew Douglas Renshaw (born 31 October 1964) is an Australian former swimmer of the 1980s and early 1990s.
Renshaw, a graduate of Sydney's Barker College, trained with the Carlile swimming club.
During the 1980s, Renshaw featured in Australia's 4 × 100 m freestyle relay quartet known as the "Mean Machine", which most famously included Neil Brooks. At the 1986 Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, he and his teammates set a games record in the final to win the 4 × 100 m freestyle gold medal. He won a further Commonwealth Games gold medal in Auckland in 1990, swimming the heats for the winning 4 × 100 m freestyle relay team.
Renshaw swam in two World Championships, in Madrid in 1986 and Perth in 1991.
# Streptomyces dengpaensis

Streptomyces dengpaensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from desert soil from the Dengpa District in Tibet.
# Michel Hiblot

Michel Hiblot (born 19 April 1943) is a French former sprinter who competed in the 1964 Summer Olympics.
# Johan Undrum

Johan Undrum (7 October 1880 – 14 March 1940) was a Norwegian politician.
He was born in Våle to Christian Gerhard Undrum and Hanna Mathilde Olsen. He was elected representative to the Storting for several periods, 1931–1945, for the Conservative Party.
# The Great Dawn (1947 film)

The Great Dawn (Italian: La grande aurora) is a 1947 Italian drama film directed by Giuseppe Maria Scotese and starring Renée Faure, Rossano Brazzi and Giovanni Grasso. The Greek actress and future star Yvonne Sanson made an early appearance in the film.
It was produced by Scalera Film and began production at the Cinevillaggio Studios complex in Venice during the wartime Italian Social Republic. The film's sets were designed by the art director Vittorio Valentini. Significant delays followed until its completion and release in postwar Italy.

## Synopsis

A gifted young musical prodigy is encouraged to pursue his talents.

## Cast

* Renée Faure as Anna Gamba
* Rossano Brazzi as Renzo Gamba
* Giovanni Grasso as Oreste Bellotti
* Michele Riccardini as Don Terenzio
* Yvonne Sanson as Daisy
* Fausto Guerzoni as Fausto
* Loris Gizzi as Cooky
* Guglielmo Sinaz as Salesman
* Dante Maggio
* Pierino Gamba as Pierino, direttore d'orchestre
# Noctropolis

Noctropolis is a 1994 MS-DOS third-person adventure game by Flashpoint Productions and published by Electronic Arts. The player assumes the role of the character Peter Grey, a lonely bookstore owner who winds up in the world of his favorite comic book. Grey discovers that he is destined to assume the role of his former comic book hero.

## Gameplay

This style of gameplay is mostly third-person point-and-click, with some cut scenes. The player not only has to locate items but carefully choose dialog to gather information to help them progress through the game.
Characters in the game were digitized from analog footage, allowing for real life characters to be placed in 2D digital environments.

## Reception

Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| Computer Gaming World | |
| Next Generation | |
| Albuquerque Journal | 4/5 |
Charles Ardai of Computer Gaming World, while approving of the game's visual style and detailed art, criticized that the game has a simplistic interface and uses juvenile shock value in the form of gratuitous violence and sexual content in order to distract from the lack of substance to the story. He added, "It's also highly derivative, both of actual comic books and of other computer games." A reviewer for Next Generation highly praised the game's story, abstract and challenging puzzles, comic-book style backgrounds, digitized character animation, soundtrack, and dark atmosphere. Though he remarked that some of the dialogue is silly for a Mature-rated game, and that many of the puzzles require illogical leaps of intuition, he concluded that "Those not requiring the utmost in realism will find this to be one of the best graphic adventures of the season."

## Legacy

In 2015 Night Dive Studios acquired the rights of the game and was able to recover the source code from the original developer. The game's assembly code was ported with the help of the original developer to C++ to port the game to modern platforms. On 3 September 2015, the enhanced port was released on Steam, on 21 January 2016 followed a release on the DRM-free distributor GOG.com. The remastered game features full compatibility with contemporary computers, a remastered soundtrack, improved keyboard/mouse support with rebindable keys/buttons and several bug fixes, and removed dead-end situations that would render the game unwinnable. Night Dive Studios released Linux and macOS versions of its port on 27 October 2017. Players who pirated a copy of this version of Noctropolis will see their character imprisoned on the game over screen instead of the standard animations.
# Bike (magazine)

Bike is a British motorcycling magazine that was established and edited by journalist Mark Williams in 1971, originally as a one-off Car magazine special.
Taking a leaf out of Car magazine's book, Bike published "Giant Tests", namely, head-to-head comparison tests, which were innovative at the time. Before then, motorcycle journals and magazines would test bikes only individually and in isolation from other bikes. The first "Giant Test", in summer 1971, was a comparison between a BSA Rocket 3 and a Norton Commando.
Mark Williams wrote a regular column entitled "Running out of Road". Other contributors included: LJK Setright, who wrote the "Cog-swapping" column; Jim Greening who wrote the "Short Circuits" column; and the pseudonymous "Hap Spoons" who wrote "Odds & Sods". For more than 30 years the magazine featured Paul Sample's full-page comic-strip Ogri, but that transferred to Back Street Heroes magazine in the spring of 2010.
Bike is published by Bauer Consumer Media Ltd and edited by Hugo Wilson. The magazine claims the title of "Britain's best-selling motorcycle magazine", based on circulation figures provided by the Audit Bureau of Circulations (ABC). Bike publishes a wide-ranging mix of news, tests, opinion and editorial.
# Mel Dalgleish

Mel Dalgleish (born 24 January 1959) is an Australian basketball player who played in the National Basketball League (NBL) for the Frankston Bears and the Canberra Cannons. At international level, he competed in the men's tournament at the 1980 Summer Olympics and the 1984 Summer Olympics.

## Playing career
### Club career

Dalgleish played in the Australian National Basketball League (NBL) in two stints. He played for Frankston Bears in 1983 and 1984. In 1984, he moved to South Eastern Basketball League (SEBL) team Bendigo Braves as a player-coach. In 1986, Dalgleish returned to the NBL, signing with Canberra Cannons. In 1987, Dalgleish took on an administrative role with the Cannons, working in promotions.
In 1988, Dalgleish retired after playing in the Cannons' championship-winning team.

### International career

In 1980, Dalgleish played seven matches for Australia at the 1980 Summer Olympics. He returned in 1984, where he played eight times.

## Coaching

Dalgleish took over as head coach of the Canberra Cannons for the 1991 NBL season, replacing his 1980 Olympic teammate Steve Breheny. He resigned at the end of the season after the Cannons finished 10th with a 9–17 win-loss record.
# Don Burgers

Donatus Clemens Bernard "Don" Burgers (26 February 1932 – 30 January 2006) was a Dutch politician for the KVP and later the CDA.
Burgers was born in Ubbergen. After working for the police and later the government he was elected mayor of Haaren in 1972, and in 1979 became mayor of Rosmalen until 1989. In that year he became mayor of 's-Hertogenbosch, the capital of the Dutch province of North Brabant. In 1996 he retired. He remained active after his retirement as acting mayor of Middelburg (1996–1997; the capital of the province of Zeeland), Almelo (1997–1998) and again of Middelburg (2000–2001).
He was also vice-chairman of the church board of the St. John's Cathedral and honorary consul to Romania.
Burgers died at 73 years of age during a vacation in Innsbruck, due to a pulmonary embolism. He is buried at begraafplaats Groenendaal in Orthen, a neighbourhood of 's-Hertogenbosch.
# Cellular Oncology

Cellular Oncology is a bimonthly peer-reviewed medical journal published by Springer Science+Business Media. The journal was established in 1989 as Analytical Cellular Pathology, obtaining its current name in 2003. It is an official publication of the International Society for Cellular Oncology and is published six times a year. The journal covers basic cancer research.
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 6.6.
# Mucilaginibacter panaciglaebae

Mucilaginibacter panaciglaebae is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from soil from a ginseng field.
# Porphyromonas canoris

Porphyromonas canoris is a Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus Porphyromonas which has been isolated from subgingival plaque from dogs.
# Kurthia populi

Kurthia populi is a bacterium from the genus of Kurthia.
# Shimia marina

Shimia marina is a bacterium from the genus of Shimia which has been isolated from biofilm from a coastal fish farm from Tongyeong in Korea.
# Hydrotalea flava

Hydrotalea flava is a bacterium from the genus of Hydrotalea which has been isolated from industry distilled water from Sweden.