OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fred Harris

Fred, Fredric, Fredrick, Frederic, or Frederick Harris may refer to:

## Arts and entertainment

* Fred Harris (presenter) (born 1947), British comedian and television presenter
* Frederick Harris (conductor) (fl. 2000s–present), American conductor
* Frederick Harris (painter), painted The Red Door, a watercolor of the Temple of Literature, Hanoi

## Politics and law

* Frederick Rutherfoord Harris (1856–1920), British politician, MP for Monmouth Boroughs and Dulwich
* Leverton Harris (Frederick Leverton Harris, 1864–1926), British politician, MP for Tynemouth, Stepney, and East Worcestershire
* Fred Harris (lawyer) (1910–1979), American politician, judge and painter
* Fred Harris (British politician) (1915–1979), British businessman and politician
* Fred R. Harris (1930–2024), American senator and presidential candidate

## Sports

* Smokey Harris (Fred Thomas Wilfred Harris, 1890–1974), Canadian ice hockey player
* Fred Harris (footballer, born 1912) (1912–1998), English footballer for Birmingham City
* Fred Harris (rugby league) (1909–1980), English rugby league footballer for England, Leigh, and Leeds
* Frederick Harris (cricketer) (1934–2024), English cricketer
* Fred Harris (Australian footballer) (1937–2019), Australian rules footballer
* Frederick Harris (judoka) (born 1984), Olympic judoka from Sierra Leone

## Others

* Frederic R. Harris (1875–1949), American philatelist
* Frederick Brown Harris (1883–1970), American Methodist clergyman
* Frederick John Harris (1937–1965), South African schoolteacher and anti-apartheid campaigner
* Fredric J. Harris (born 1940), American professor of electrical engineering and signal processing
* Fredrick C. Harris, American political scientist

## Other uses

* Frederick Harris Music, Canadian music publishing firm
# Embassy of Armenia to Switzerland

The Embassy of Armenia to Switzerland (Armenian: Շվեյցարիայում Հայաստանի դեսպանություն, romanized: Shveyts’ariayum Hayastani despanut’yun) is the diplomatic mission of Armenia to Switzerland. The mission is concurrently designated as the Permanent Mission of Armenia to the United Nations Offices at Geneva.

## History

Switzerland recognized Armenia as an independent state on 23 December 1991. The two countries have maintained diplomatic relations ever since. The embassy, founded in 2011, was established to further facilitate the expansion and development of Armenia–Swiss relations. The mission often organizes various cultural, educational, and business events for the Armenian community in Geneva.
On 7 May 2022, the embassy participated in the inauguration of "Armenia Square" in Geneva. On 10 May 2022, the embassy, in coordination with the Switzerland–Armenia Parliamentary Friendship Group, held a reception dedicated to the 30th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Armenia and Switzerland in Bern.

## Permanent Mission to the UN

Armenia was admitted into the United Nations on 2 March 1992, following its independence from the Soviet Union. The mission in Geneva serves as one of three permanent representations of Armenia to the United Nations, with the other two being based in New York and Vienna.

## Representatives

Armenian ambassadors to Switzerland:
* Hasmik Tolmajyan (2024–present)
* Andranik Hovhannisyan (2019–2024)
* Charles Aznavour (2009–2018)
* Zohrab Mnatsakanyan (2002–2008)
# Regalbuto

Regalbuto (Latin: Ameselum; Sicilian: Regarbutu) is a comune in the province of Enna, Sicily, southern Italy.
There is an annual cattle fair held in the month of August.

## History

Regalbuto may be the ancient town of Amaselos, which was named by the Greek and Sicilian historian Diodorus Siculus in his Bibliotheca historica (Historical Library) writings.
The name Regalbuto derives from the Arab term Rahal Abbud, "Abbud's farmhouse". Discoveries at the site include the old Saracen quarter.
Around 1200, the inhabitants of the nearby town of Centuripe, who rebelled against the Swabian dynasty whom Regalbuto had been faithful to, destroyed Regalbuto. Years later, King Manfred had the town rebuilt at its present site.
In 1860, a number of members of parliament met in Regalbuto with Garibaldi to discuss a truce during the Campaign of 1860.
The town was never subject to fiscal taxes, and a free magistracy elected by the king and the archbishops of Messina governed it. The town was severely damaged during World War II, and on August 3, 1943 the Pionier Battalion of Hermann Göring Panzer Division, supported by tanks and self-propelled guns was forced to cede the town, after four days of bitter fighting by the 1st Infantry Brigade of 1st Canadian Infantry Division. The current inhabited center was reconstructed only recently.

## Main sights

* Chiesa Madre San Basilio (Mother Church of Saint Basil) dedicated to Saint Basil, which was built on the site of a 16th-century building and preserving a luxurious 10 meter altar dedicated to Saint Vitus. It has a Baroque façade with a pyramid shaped bell tower.
* Santa Maria della Croce: 15th-century church with a Baroque staircase
* San Giovanni:18th-century church with a large bell loggia
* Town hall (Palazzo Municipale, 18th century)
* Remains of the 13th-century castle:
* Palazzo Citelli-Fascaro (17th century)
* Palazzo Falcone (17th century)
* Palazzo Campagnini in Liberty Style
* Palazzo Carchiolo
In the city environs are sites of naturalistic interest like the Pozzillo Lake district, one of Europe's largest man-made lakes, fed by the Salso River. Mountains include the Monte Mascari (863 metres (2,831 ft)), north of the lake, and, also in the lake vicinity, the Monte Salici (1,442 metres (4,731 ft)).

## Economy

The economy is based on agriculture, including cereals, citrus, and olives. Animal husbandry includes cattle, sheep, and goats.
# Betty Flint

Elizabeth Alice Flint OBE (26 May 1909 – 7 December 2011) was a New Zealand botanist who specialised in freshwater algae. She co-authored the three-volume series Flora of New Zealand Desmids in the 1980s and 1990s.

## Early life and education

Born in Edmonton, London, England, on 26 May 1909, Flint was raised in the London suburb of New Malden until she emigrated with her family to New Zealand in 1921. There, she was educated at St Margaret's College, Christchurch, and went on to study botany at Canterbury University College, graduating with a Master of Science degree in 1936. Her master's thesis was titled The periodicity of the phytoplankton in Lake Sarah, with a consideration of some ecological factors, and required her to carry out field work at Lake Sarah, a sub-alpine lake near the university's field station at Cass. Flint then undertook doctoral studies at Queen Mary College, London, under the supervision of Felix Eugen Fritsch, investigating the changes in distribution of algae in a reservoir at Barn Elms, near Hammersmith. Her thesis was An investigation of the distribution in time and space of the algae of a water-reservoir (Barn Elms).

## Career

During World War II, Flint worked in London at the Metropolitan Water Board laboratory, and then, between 1943 and 1945, did operational research for the Royal Air Force. She then worked at the Shirley Institute of the British Cotton Industry Research Association, before returning to New Zealand in 1947 to lecture in botany at Victoria University College in Wellington. However, in 1948, she returned to Britain, to lecture botany at the University of Leeds, and then, from 1950, at University College Hull.
Flint returned to New Zealand in 1955 as her father was terminally ill, but was unable to find full-time employment. She worked part-time at the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR) until retiring in 1974. She conducted research into terrestrial and freshwater algae, and published over 30 scientific papers.
The standard author abbreviation E.A.Flint is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

## Later life and death

From 1987, Flint was a research associate in the DSIR botany division, and co-wrote the three-volume series Flora of New Zealand Desmids with Hannah Croasdale and Marilyn Racine, published between 1986 and 1994. She continued research in a voluntary capacity at Lincoln University and Landcare Research two days a week, until she was 100 years old, and was co-author of a scientific paper published when she was aged 101. She died on 7 December 2011.

## Honours and awards

In 1990, Flint was awarded the New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal. In the 1991 New Year Honours, she was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire, for services to botany. In 2017, Flint was selected as one of the Royal Society Te Apārangi's "150 women in 150 words", a project celebrating the contributions of women to expanding knowledge in New Zealand.
# Bentley's paradox

Bentley's paradox (named after Richard Bentley) is a cosmological paradox pointing to a problem occurring when Newton's theory of gravitation is applied to cosmology. Namely, if all the stars are drawn to each other by gravitation, they should collapse into a single point.
In 1687, Isaac Newton published the Principia which contained his universal law of gravitational attraction. Five years later, Richard Bentley, a young churchman and scholar who was preparing a lecture about Newton's theories and the rejection of atheism, wrote a letter to Newton: in a finite universe, if all stars attract each other, would they not collapse into a point? And in an infinite universe with infinitely many stars, would not every star be pulled apart by infinite forces acting in all directions? In his reply, Newton agreed with the first point and favored an infinite universe with infinitely many stars, so that each star would be drawn in all directions equally, the forces would cancel and no collapse would occur. Newton acknowledged the problem that the stars would have to be precisely placed to maintain such an unstable equilibrium without collapse, and later claimed that God prevented the collapse by making "constant minute corrections"; "a continual miracle is needed to prevent the Sun and the fixt stars from rushing together through gravity."
Both Newton and Bentley thought that the stars did not move and did not consider stars in motion. A finite number of mutually attracting stars in motion can indeed avoid collapse.
Today it is known that an infinite universe uniformly filled with gravitating matter, if it originated in a static configuration, would indeed collapse. This conclusion originally arose from the general theory of relativity, but it is also predicted by Newtonian gravity with the use of mathematical tools that were not available to Newton.
Though Newton's explanation was rather unsatisfactory from a cosmological aspect, Bentley's paradox could prove to be the reason behind the "Big Crunch", the opposite phenomenon of the "Big Bang".

## References and notes

* ↑ Croswell, Ken (2001). The universe at midnight : observations illuminating the cosmos. New York : Free Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-684-85931-6.
* 1 2 Hoskin, Michael (1985). "Stukeley's Cosmology and the Newtonian Origins of Olbers's Paradox". Journal for the History of Astronomy. 16 (2): 77–112 [86–89]. Bibcode:1985JHA....16...77H. doi:10.1177/002182868501600201. S2CID 117384709.
* 1 2 Harrison, Edward (1986). "Newton and the Infinite Universe" (PDF). Physics Today. 39 (2): 24–32. Bibcode:1986PhT....39b..24H. doi:10.1063/1.881049. ISSN 0031-9228. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-07-15. Retrieved 2022-05-08.
* ↑ Tipler, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 282(1), 206-210 (1996).
* ↑ Gibbons & Ellis, Classical and Quantum Gravity 31 (2), 025003 (2014), arXiv:1308.1852
* ↑ Clegg, Brian (4 August 2009). "What and How Big?". Before the Big Bang: The Prehistory of Our Universe. St. Martin's Press. pp. 32–35. ISBN 9780312385477
# Cristhian Moreira

Cristhian Patricio Moreira Barros (Santiago de Chile, September 5, 1961) is a Chilean property broker and politician from the Independent Democratic Union (UDI) party. He was a councilor for the commune of San Ramón between 2004 and 2008, and then was a councilor for the commune of La Cisterna between 2008 and 2012. In 2017 he was elected as a deputy for district 13 of the Metropolitan Region.

## Biography

Son of Julio César Moreira Cabrera and Marta Liliana Barros Alemparte. He is the brother of former deputy and current senator Iván Moreira Barros.
He completed his secondary studies at the Liceo Luis Alberto Barrera, in Punta Arenas. He studied law at the Bolivarian University of Chile.

## Political career

His political career began in the 2004 municipal elections where he was elected Councilor for the San Ramón commune, representing the Independent Democratic Union Party, for the 2004-2008 period. He obtained 4,413 votes corresponding to 10.7% of the total votes cast.
In the 2008 municipal elections, he was elected Councilor for the commune of La Cisterna, for the period 2008–2012. He obtained 6,718 votes corresponding to 17.22% of the total validly cast.
In 2013, he ran for the Regional Council for the Metropolitan Region of Santiago for the period 2014 and 2018. He obtained 30,373 votes, equivalent to 10.37% of the votes validly cast, failing to be elected, being the third majority.
In the 2017 parliamentary elections, he was elected deputy for the 13th District, Santiago Metropolitan Region, communes of El Bosque, La Cisterna, Lo Espejo, Pedro Aguirre Cerda, San Miguel, and San Ramón, for the period 2018–2022, in representation of the Independent Democratic Union Party, and as part of the Chile Vamos pact. He obtained 18,127 votes corresponding to 7.40% of the total votes validly cast.
# Degrees of Connection

Degrees of Connection is a 2004 Ned Kelly Award-winning novel by the Australian author Jon Cleary.
It was the 20th and last entry in the Scobie Malone series. Cleary decided to stop writing crime novels because he felt he was getting stale.

## Synopsis

Scobie Malone has been promoted from inspector to superintendent, while Russ Clements is now head of Homicide. He investigates the murder of the personal assistant to Natalie Shipwood, the CEO of development company Orlando. Malone's son, Tom, seems to have impregnated a girlfriend who is subsequently murdered and his daughter Maureen is an ABC journalist covering the Securities Commission investigation into Orlando.

## Awards

* Ned Kelly Awards for Crime Writing, Best Novel, 2004: winner
# Information Technology Institute

The Information Technology Institute (ITI) is a national institute established in 1993 in Egypt specializing in IT.
The Information Technology Institute (ITI) is a national institute established in 1993 by the Egyptian Information and Decision Support Center (IDSC). It provides specialized software development programs to fresh graduates, as well as professional training programs and IT courses for the Egyptian Government, ministries, and local decision support centers. With the government’s objective of providing access and opportunity for all. ITI followed by opening a second branch in Alexandria in 1996 to create greater coverage of its services, and recently in September 2007, ITI opened two other branches in Assiut and Mansoura to maintain and assist in the spreading of its training services.

## ITI Management

The board of trustees of ITI is headed by the Minister of Communications and Information Technology. The board members include experts from the MCIT, academia, and information and telecommunication companies.
# Mona Lisa (Hermitage)

Hermitage Mona Lisa is a painting on canvas, which was made by an unknown painter in the mid-16th century and is located in the Hermitage Museum of Saint Petersburg. It was transferred from the Antikvariat All-Union Association and entered the Hermitage in 1931.

## Description

This is a portrait of Lisa Gherardini, best known as Mona Lisa or Gioconda, and is a clear copy of Leonardo da Vinci's early 16th century Mona Lisa. This version slightly differs from da Vinci's artwork, exhibited at the Louvre in Paris, and its good workmanship, legibility, and expressiveness have been pointed out. The execution of the portrait is presumably of Nordic Europe derivation, in particular German-Flemish.
The face of the model is younger than da Vinci's version, and the rear panorama presents two columns, which are absent in the original. Many have called this picture Gioconda with columns. Two columns are found in other copies such as Gioconda of Oslo in National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design, Gioconda of Baltimore in Walters Art Museum and Gioconda of Reynolds in Dulwich Picture Gallery.

## Analysis

Scientific analysis was carried out on the canvas and baryte, called barium sulphate in chemistry, was found. It is a mineral used for the preparation of the support, especially in the years ranging from 1620 to 1680, but when this substance was used, Leonardo had been dead for more than a century.
# Blackwattle Creek

Blackwattle Creek (2012) is a crime novel by Australian author Geoffrey McGeachin. It is the second in the author's Charlie Berlin mystery series and won the 2013 Ned Kelly Award.

## Plot summary

Ten years after the events of the first book in the series, The Diggers Rest Hotel, Charlie Berlin is now married and living in Melbourne. His innocent investigations to strange goings-on at a funeral parlour for a friend, leads him to Blackwattle Creek, a former asylum for the criminally insane, to Cold War paranoia and corrupt policemen.

## Reviews

Fair Dinkum Crime thought the novel to be a "ripper of a yarn" and that the author "has excelled at drawing out the small details of life that depict a time and place to perfection". In The Guardian, Andrew Nette found a dark, "unsettling yarn" and was "genuinely interested to know where McGeachin is going to take Berlin next".

## Awards and nominations

* 2013 winner Ned Kelly Award – Best Novel
# Harlem (New Politics song)

"Harlem" is a song by alternative rock band New Politics. The song was released as the first single from their sophomore album A Bad Girl in Harlem on February 20, 2013, through RCA Records, and was accompanied by the released of a music video.
With a notably different style from their previous discography, “Harlem” became a national hit in the United States, entering various records charts across the country. The song is widely considered to be their most successful single and their breakthrough into mainstream success.

## Background and release

Lyrically, “Harlem” was inspired by a romantic encounter which frontman David Boyd had with a girl from Harlem, a neighborhood in the Upper Manhattan region of New York City. In an interview with The Sun, Boyd explained, “Soren lived above some people and they had a party and that's where I met a girl from Harlem. The girl doesn't know this is about her, it was a bittersweet ending.”
On Feb 20, 2013, “Harlem” was released through RCA Records as the first promotional single for the band’s sophomore album A Bad Girl in Harlem. An accompanying music video was uploaded to YouTube on the official New Politics channel the same day.

## Commercial performance

After its release, “Harlem” quickly became a hit song and began receiving significant radio airplay in the United States. Within just four days, "Harlem" entered the Billboard Alternative Songs chart, where it peaked at No. 4 and charted for 36 weeks, and remains their most successful single on both the chart itself and any other Billboard chart to date. Later that year, “Harlem” began to enter several Top-40/CHR radio charts in the U.S., most notably the Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100 where it peaked at number 10, and subsequently became their first song to impact Top-40 radio in the country. On June 29, 2017, "Harlem" received a Gold certification from the Recording Industry Association of America, marking track-equivalent sales of 500,000 units in the US and making it their first and only song to date to receive any certification.

## Usage in media

“Harlem” was featured in a trailer for the 2013 animated musical-comedy film Frozen. It also appeared in EA game NHL 14, Activision game Guitar Hero Live, a Taco Bell commercial, and a Windows 8.1 commercial. It is also featured as a "Now! What's Next" bonus track on Now That's What I Call Music! 48.

## Charts

| Chart (2013–14) | Peak position |
| Canada Rock (Billboard) | 27 |
| US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles (Billboard) | 10 |
| US Adult Pop Airplay (Billboard) | 39 |
| US Hot Rock & Alternative Songs (Billboard) | 21 |
| US Pop Airplay (Billboard) | 34 |
| US Rock Airplay (Billboard) | 7 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2013) | Peak position |
| US Rock Airplay (Billboard) | 14 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Herman Paus

Herman Christopher Paus (4 May 1897 – 11 March 1983) was a Norwegian competitive skier, who was among the pioneers of Nordic combined and ski jumping in the 1910s and 1920s. He later moved to Sweden where he bought the major estate Herresta near Stockholm from a relative. A relative of playwright Henrik Ibsen, Herman Paus was married to Leo Tolstoy's granddaughter Tatiana Tolstoy-Paus; as such he was the son-in-law of Count Lev Lvovich Tolstoy.

## Career

He grew up at Bygdøy near Oslo; his father Karl L. Paus was an engineer and steel industrialist, and a first cousin of playwright Henrik Ibsen. Since the late 1910s Herman Paus was active in competitive skiing in Norway as a member of SFK Lyn; he participated in numerous national and international competitions. He received the Lyn honorary award in 1926, along with then-Crown Prince Olav. In the 1920s he was active in Swedish competitive skiing as a member of Djurgårdens IF. Norwegian newspapers mentioned his skiing career over 400 times between 1916 and the late 1920s.
Herman Paus was educated as an agronomist at Vinterlandbruksskolen in Christiania, then at Pederstrup in Denmark and Valinge manor in Sweden. In 1923 he became manager of the Herresta estate, owned by his relative, papal chamberlain and count Christopher Tostrup Paus, who spent most of his time in Rome. They were paternal second cousins, but Christopher Tostrup Paus was also his mother's first cousin; both were descended from wealthy timber merchant Christopher Tostrup. In 1938 Christopher Tostrup Paus sold Herresta to Herman Paus. Herman and Christopher Tostrup Paus donated various portraits to the Ibsen Museum, including a portrait of Ibsen's sister Hedvig Ibsen.
In early 1940 the engagement between Herman Paus and Countess Tatiana Tolstoy was announced; a member of the Tolstoy family, Tatiana was the last surviving grandchild of Leo Tolstoy. She was born on her grandfather's estate Yasnaya Polyana—where he wrote both War and Peace and Anna Karenina—but moved to Sweden in 1917. Herman and Tatiana Paus had four children, and their descendants own the Herresta and Näsbyholm estates in Södermanland; their daughter Tatiana Paus is known as one of the personal friends of the King and Queen of Sweden. Herman Paus' brother Karl Paus owned Närsjö manor in nearby Eskilstuna.
A Norwegian skier born in 2000 using the name Herman Paus (né Kristiansen) is unrelated to both him and to the Paus family.
# Comoros at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics

Comoros competed at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics in London, United Kingdom, from 4–13 August 2017.

## Results

(q – qualified, NM – no mark, SB – season best)

### Men
#### Track and road events

| Athlete | Event | Preliminary Round | Preliminary Round | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Karim Ambdoul Riffayn | 100 metres | 10.59 | 13 q | 10.72 | 43 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
# Medical Chauraha metro station

Medical Chauraha is a proposed Lucknow Metro station in Lucknow.

## Route plan/map

vteLucknow Metro :
Legend :