OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sérénade mélancolique

Sérénade mélancolique in B-flat minor for violin and orchestra, Op. 26 (Russian: Меланхолическая серенада), is a piece by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky that was written in February 1875. It was his first work for violin and orchestra, and was written immediately after he completed his Piano Concerto No. 1 in B-flat minor.

## Background

Hungarian violinist Leopold Auer had been professor of violin at the Imperial Conservatory in St. Petersburg since 1868. Tchaikovsky was a professor at the Moscow Conservatory starting in 1866 and knew of Auer. He had seen him perform in public, having noted "the great expressivity, the thoughtful finesse and poetry of the interpretation" in an 1874 review of Auer's playing. They met in January 1875, when both attended a reception at the home of Nikolai Rubinstein. Some sources say Tchaikovsky then resolved to write a piece for the him, with one source saying Auer commissioned it, resulting in Sérénade mélancolique. It was completed by the following month. Tchaikovsky mentioned it in a letter to his brother Modest in February, where he wrote: "I have finished my Piano Concerto, and have already written a violin piece I have promised to Auer."
The piece was dedicated to Auer upon its publication by P. Jurgenson in February 1876, but Auer did not premiere it. It was first performed by Adolph Brodsky in January of 1876, at the seventh symphony concert of the Russian Musical Society in Moscow.
Two years later, Tchaikovsky was offended by Auer's criticisms of, and refusal to perform, the Violin Concerto in D major written for him, and he withdrew the dedication from both the concerto and Sérénade mélancolique, although it was impossible to remove his name from the edition then being printed by Jurgenson.

## Key

The score of the Sérénade mélancolique shows that it is clearly written in the key of B-flat minor, although a number of sources describe it as being in B minor. This confusion may have come about because the note the English-speaking world calls B-flat is known in German musical nomenclature as B, while B-natural is known in Germany as H.

## Influences

The piece borrows from other compositions Tchaikovsky was working on at the time. The beginning is quoted from Oxana's challenge to Vakula in Act II, Scene 2 of Vakula the Smith/Cherevichki. A melody in the central section mirrors a melody from the slow movement of the Piano Concerto No. 1.

## Instrumentation

The piece is originally orchestrated for solo violin, two flutes, two oboes, two B-flat clarinets, two bassoons, four F horns, and strings. There are various arrangements for violin and piano, including the composer's own arrangement.
# Oliver G. Snow

Oliver Goddard Snow (February 20, 1849 – August 13, 1931) was a member of the Utah Territorial Legislature.

## Biography

Snow was born to Lorenzo Snow and his wife Adeline Goddard. He was born in Salt Lake City but at a fairly young age moved with his parents to Brigham City, Utah, where his father was the leading authority in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).
Snow worked on building the transcontinental railroad. He then studied for a time at the University of Deseret (the predecessor of the University of Utah) under John R. Park. From 1870 to 1873, Snow served as a missionary for the LDS Church in the United Kingdom. In October 1873, he married Mary B. Peirce.
In 1875, Snow served another mission, this time in the Eastern States Mission, based in New York City. In 1877, when the Box Elder Stake of the LDS Church was organized, encompassing all of Box Elder County, Utah, and headquartered in Brigham City, Snow was made the stake president, in many ways succeeding his father who had been essentially functioning like a stake president. Snow was released as stake president in 1888. From 1880 to 1886, he served as a member of the Utah Territorial Legislature from Box Elder County.
Snow died in Los Angeles, California on August 13, 1931.
# Mobalytics

Mobalytics (incorporated as Gamers Net, Inc.) is an American Esports company based in Marina Del Rey, California. It specializes in providing visual analytics and performance data to competitive gamers, aimed at improving gaming performance. The software uses in-game data and machine learning algorithms to detect weaknesses of the players and provide methods of enhancing player performance through visual analysis and insights.

## History

Mobalytics was founded on August 1, 2016 by Amine Issa, Bogdan Suchyk and Nikolay Lobanov.
In 2016, Mobalytics won TechCrunch's Premiere Startup competition, Startup Battlefield, taking the $50,000 prize. The founding team entered the competition with only two hours to spare before the entries closed. Following the win and subsequent investment boost, the three founders formed the core team and began to expand their operations. In July 2020, Mobalytics announced it had raised $11.25 million. Investors included GGV Capital, Axiomatic and T1 eSports. During the investment round, the Mobalytics community was estimated to have reached over 7 million members.
In December 2020, Mobalytics announced content partnership with a broadcast channel GINX eSport TV.

## Technology

Mobalytics implemented a rating system called Gamer Performance Index (GPI) that evaluates the performance of the players. A visual map is provided with metrics that indicate the gaming skills in need of improvement, such as fighting, farming, vision, aggression, survivability, teamplay, consistency and versatility. The GPI analyzes gaming strengths and weaknesses, and provides insight for both players and their competitors. The Mobalytics software bases its analysis on recordings of the gaming matches. In 2019, the company partnered with a Swedish technology company Tobii to develop eye-tracking technology that is expected to provide a more complex behavioral analysis.

## Game titles

Since its launch, the Mobalytics platform has grown to currently support four game titles by Riot Games: League of Legends, Teamfight Tactics, Legends of Runeterra, and VALORANT.
# Lai Chin-lin

Lai Chin-lin (Chinese: 賴勁麟; born 27 January 1962) is a Taiwanese politician. He was elected to the National Assembly in 1991 and served until 1999, when he took office as a member of the Legislative Yuan. He left the Legislative Yuan in 2004 and became vice minister of the Council of Labor Affairs.

## Activism

Lai earned a bachelor's degree in political science from National Taiwan University, where he met Liu Yi-te and Lee Wen-chung. The trio advocated for direct elections for student body president and the end of censorship in school publications, forming a student association that was later suspended by administrators. After graduating from NTU, Lai contributed to the labor and tangwai movements.

## Political career

In interviews, Lin credited the end of official relations between Taiwan and the United States and the Kaohsiung Incident, both of which occurred in 1979, for increasing his interest in politics. Lee was elected to the National Assembly twice in 1991 and 1996, representing the Democratic Progressive Party. He subsequently ran for a seat on the Legislative Yuan in 1998, and won. During his first term on the Legislative Yuan, Lai took an active role in proposing relief measures following the 1999 Jiji earthquake, and called for attention to the mental health of earthquake survivors. While serving on the Legislative Yuan, Lai was also president of the Taiwan Children's Rights Association. As a lawmaker and president of the association, he pushed the Executive Yuan to report on children's rights, child abuse, and child welfare.
Lai frequently supported a range of environmental causes, and was known for his opposition to nuclear energy. Lai often spoke out against the Longmen Nuclear Power Plant project. In 2000, Lai co-authored a report advising against the use of nuclear energy, and, later that year, discussed with American scientists the risks of nuclear technology.
Lai was nominated for a second term on the Legislative Yuan in 2001, and won reelection as a DPP candidate. In 2002, Lai co-founded the Taiwan Renewable Energy Industry Promotion Association to advocate for use and research into sources of renewable energy. During Lai's second term, Lai helped write the Mass Layoff Protection Law. He also supported stronger ties between Liberia and Taiwan. Lai ended his 2004 legislative campaign during the party primary stage, and in June was named vice minister of the Council of Labor Affairs, where he served through the end of 2005.

## Personal life

Lai was a board member of several energy companies. He resigned from his position as chair of J&V Energy in August 2023.
His daughter is Lai Pin-yu.
# Kimswerd

Kimswerd (West Frisian: Kimswert) is a village in Súdwest-Fryslân municipality in the province of Friesland, the Netherlands. It had a population of around 565 in January 2017.

## History

The village was first mentioned in the 13th century as Kemmerswerth, and means "terp village of Kemme (person). Kimswerd is a terp (artificial living hill) village. Archaeological finds have been discovered in the terp from the Roman era. The village used to have a grid structure and was located along the former Marneslenk, a bay in the Wadden Sea. Around 1850, the road from Bolsward to Harlingen was paved, and the village extended towards the road.
The Dutch Reformed church dates from the 11th century, and has a tower from the 12th century. It was modified and extended many times during its history.
On 29 January 1515, Kimswerd was plundered by Saxon mercenaries hired by the Count of Holland to conquer Friesland. Pier Gerlofs Donia who lost his wife and one of his two children swore revenge, and founded the Arumer Zwarte Hoop, a guerrilla army which plundered and raided cities in Holland.
Kimswerd was home to 408 people in 1840. Before 2011, the village was part of the Wûnseradiel municipality.

## Notable people

* Pier Gerlofs Donia, nicknamed Grutte Pier, an infamous freedom fighter born around 1480, who led a guerrilla war against the occupying forces after his wife and one of his two children were killed, and burnt his farm in 1515. He led the Frisian rebel army, the Arumer Zwarte Hoop from 1515 until 1519.

## Gallery

* Grutte Pier statue
* Windmill De Eendracht
* Inn Greate Pier
* Street view
# Arkavaz

Arkavaz (Persian: اركواز) is a city in the Central District of Malekshahi County, Ilam province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. It is adjacent to the city of Delgosha, bordering it to the north.

## Demographics
### Ethnicity

The city is populated by Kurds from the Malekshahi tribe.

### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 14,225 in 2,771 households, when it was capital of the former Malekshahi District of Mehran County. The following census in 2011 counted 12,358 people in 3,116 households, by which time the district had been separated from the county in the establishment of Malekshahi County. Arkavaz was transferred to the new Central District as the county's capital. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 11,977 people in 3,498 households.
# Hot-tube ignitor

A hot-tube ignitor was an early device that fit onto the cylinder head of an internal-combustion engine, used to ignite the compressed fuel/air mixture by means of a flame heating part of the tube red-hot. A hot-tube ignitor consisted of a metal or porcelain tube, closed at one end and attached to the cylinder head at the other and an adjustable burner that could be moved to position its flame at any point along the length of the tube.

## Operation

The hot tube usually enters the combustion chamber at the valve block, to the side of the main cylinder bore in a side-valve, and after an ignition event remains full of a small residue of spent gasses as the piston pushes the majority of such out of the exhaust valve. On the induction stroke, fresh charge cannot ignite arbitrarily as the hot part of the tube is shielded by these spent gasses. On the compression stroke, fresh (unburned) fuel/air mixture is compressed in the main cylinder, which also raises the pressure in the tube and means that the spent gasses therein are forced towards its end. When compression reaches a point that the fresh fuel reaches the red-hot area of the tube, ignition occurs. On early designs, ignition timing was adjusted by adjusting the position of the red-hot spot on the tube - the burner is moved towards the far end to retard ignition, and towards the base to advance. Most later styles used a fixed burner and varied tube lengths to change ignition timing.

## Disadvantages

Hot-tube ignitors had many problems, most caused by the sudden pressure changes in the tube because of the operation of the engine and the high temperature of the tube. It was extremely difficult to find materials that were both durable enough for these conditions and inexpensive.
Also important was never setting the burner flame where it would heat the tube white hot, which would rapidly damage the tube and could cause it to burst explosively. This mistake was made often.
The tubes used were typically 6 to 12 inches long, which tended to make them impractical for use on anything but large engines (e.g., stationary motors in factories). Tubes rarely lasted longer than a year before needing replacement, especially when the engines were fueled with high sulfur gases like unpurified producer gas or natural gas.
# Saraswati Chaudhary

Saraswati Chaudhary (Nepali: सरस्वती चौधरी) is a Nepali politician in the Nepali Congress. She is a member of the Province No. 2 Provincial Assembly.
# Saraswati Bajiyam

Saraswati Bajiyam is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the Nepali Congress Party, currently serving as a member of the 2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal. In the 2022 Nepalese general election she was elected as a proportional representative from Indigenous people category.
# Shanti Chaudhary

Shanti Chaudhary is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the CPN (UML) Party. She is currently serving as a member of the 2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal. In the 2022 Nepalese general election she was elected as a proportional representative from the Tharu people category.
# Tsering Lhamu Lama

Tsering Lhamu Lama is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the CPN (Maoist Centre) Party. She is currently serving as a member of the 2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal. In the 2022 Nepalese general election she was elected as a proportional representative from the indigenous people category.
# Mina Tamang

Mina Tamang is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the CPN (Maoist Centre) Party. She is currently serving as a member of the 2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal. In the 2022 Nepalese general election she was elected as a proportional representative from the indigenous people category.
# Niru Devi Pal

Niru Devi Pal (also Neeru) is a Nepali communist politician and a member of the House of Representatives of the federal parliament of Nepal. She was elected under the proportional representation system from CPN UML filling the reserved seat for women, for Kanchanpur district. Representing the newly formed Nepal Communist Party (NCP) in the parliament, she also chairs the parliamentary Women and Social Committee.
She was allegedly threatened by a group of people when out grocery-shopping in Mid-Baneshwar on July 31, 2018. A large number of police personnel had been mobilised and as many as 75 had been arrested for further investigation by August 2, 16 of whom had been held, post preliminary screening. There was no further progress reported on the case, and by mid-November, there were reports that the whole incident was a hoax.
# Staffan Danielsson

Staffan Danielsson (born 29 June 1947) is a Swedish Christian Democratic politician, who was a member of the Riksdag in 2004–2014 as well as 2015–2018 for the Centre Party. In 2021 he joined the Christian Democrats.
# Boriana Åberg

Boriana Åberg (born 18 November 1968) is a Bulgarian-born Swedish politician who has been a member of the Riksdag since 2008 as part of the Skåne County South constituency.

## Early life and career

She studied to be a civil engineer in Bulgaria, and moved to Sweden after the end of the Cold War. After marrying and having two children, she and her husband divorced after ten years of marriage. Åberg found her Bulgarian education to be useless in Sweden, and as a result returned to school, graduating from Lund University with a degree in sociology and working as a social secretary.

## Political career

Åberg joined the Moderate Party in 1998 after taking a liking to Carl Bildt's viewpoints and charisma. She became a member of Kävlinge's city council, and was appointed chairperson of the council in 2007. She ran for a seat on the Riksdag in 2006, and finished sixth out of 17 candidates; five Moderate candidates ended up on the Riksdag.
In 2008 and 2009, Åberg served as a substitute member for a period of two months; she ran again in 2010, this time winning a seat on the Riksdag, and was re-elected in 2014. Currently, Åberg serves on the Traffic Committee and the Labor Market Committee. She has been a past member of the Transport and Communications Committee from 2015 until 2018, she is currently a member of the Taxation Committee since 2018
In addition to her committee assignments, Åberg has been a member of the Swedish delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) since 2014, which she has been chairing since 2019. In the Assembly, she has served on the Committee on the Honouring of Obligations and Commitments by Member States of the Council of Europe (since 2020); the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy (since 2018); the Sub-Committee on External Relations (since 2018); the Sub-Committee on Environment and Energy (2015–2017); and the Committee on Equality and Non-Discrimination (2014–2017). She is the Assembly's co-rapporteur (alongside Kimmo Kiljunen on Armenia.
# Monmore Green railway station

Monmore Green railway station was a railway station built by the London and North Western Railway on their Stour Valley Line in 1863. It served the Monmore Green area of Wolverhampton, and was located near to the junction of Bilston Road and Landport Road.
The station closed in 1916, although the Rugby-Birmingham-Stafford Line loop from the West Coast Main Line still runs through the site of the station today. As you pass along this stretch of track, the exact position of the station is coincident with a widening of the track-side paraphernalia, most defined on the eastern track edge.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Wolverhampton High Level | London and North Western Railway Stour Valley Line | Ettingshall Road |
# Ettingshall Road railway station

Ettingshall Road railway station was a railway station built by the London and North Western Railway on their Stour Valley Line in 1852. It served the Ettingshall area of Wolverhampton, and was located near to the junction of Ettingshall Road and Parkfield Road.
It was sometimes known as Ettingshall Road and Bilston.
The station closed in 1964, although the Rugby-Birmingham-Stafford Line loop from the West Coast Main Line still runs through the site of the station.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Monmore Green | London and North Western Railway Stour Valley Line | Coseley |
# Anna-Caren Sätherberg

Anna-Caren Sätherberg (born 5 October 1964) is a Swedish politician. She served as minister for rural affairs in Magdalena Andersson's Cabinet between 2021 and 2022. Previously, she served as member of the Riksdag since 29 September 2014, representing the constituency of Jämtland County.
# Mount Eniwa

Mount Eniwa (恵庭岳, Eniwa-dake) is an active volcano located in Shikotsu-Toya National Park in Hokkaidō, Japan. It sits opposite Mount Tarumae and Mount Fuppushi on the shores of Lake Shikotsu, the caldera lake that spawned the volcanoes. Mount Eniwa is the tallest of the three volcanoes.

## Eruptions

The last eruption occurred around the start of the 18th century (c. 1700 ±30 years). There are no historical records of this, but tephrochronology indicates phreatic explosions with mudflows from crater 3. Two centuries before this eruption (c. 1550 ±75 years), radiocarbon dating indicates a similar eruption from crater 2. Around the same time (c. 1500 ±150 years), radiocarbon dating indicates another eruption, but from crater 1. This eruption included debris avalanches instead of mudflows. The oldest eruption that has been dated is an explosive eruption from the east side of the summit around 100 BCE ± 100 years according to radiocarbon dating. All these events were central vent eruptions with a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 2.

## Climbing Route

A single trail climbs the eastern side of the mountain. It gets progressively steeper as you climb. The trail starts in a forest about one 1 kilometre (0.6 mi) from Poropinai. The treeline is at about 800 metres (2,600 ft). From there the terrain is rocky and alpine. The climb takes 3-3.5 hours.

## 1972 Winter Olympics

At the 1972 Winter Olympics, Mount Eniwa was the site of the men's and women's downhill ski races. The course started at the summit and finished on the southwest slope. The technical events of giant slalom and slalom were held at Teine.
# Sofia Nilsson (politician)

Ingrid Sofia Nilsson (born 3 March 1982) is a Swedish Centre Party politician who has been a Member of the Riksdag for Skåne County North and East since 2018.
# Ann-Sofie Alm

Ann-Sofie Maria Alm (born 12 October 1971) is a Swedish politician from the Moderate Party. Since 2022, she has been member of the Riksdag for Västra Götaland County North.
# Ida Gabrielsson

Ida Gabrielsson (born 1981) is a Swedish politician. Since September 2018, she serves as Member of the Riksdag. She was again elected as Member of the Riksdag in September 2022. She represents the constituency of Stockholm Municipality. She represented Stockholm County from 2018 to 2022. She is affiliated with the Left Party. Since 2020, she has been the deputy chairman of the Left Party.
# Helena Vilhelmsson

Helena Vilhelmsson (born 1965) is a Swedish politician. Since September 2018, she serves as Member of the Riksdag representing the constituency of Örebro County.
She was also elected as Member of the Riksdag in September 2022.
# Linus Lakso

Linus Lakso (born 1983) is a Swedish politician. He was elected as Member of the Riksdag in September 2022. He represents the constituency of Södermanland County. He is affiliated with the Green Party.
# Viktor Wärnick

Viktor Wärnick (born 1991) is a Swedish politician. Since September 2018, he serves as Member of the Riksdag representing the constituency of Gävleborg County.
He was also elected as Member of the Riksdag in September 2022.
# Rasmus Ling

Rasmus Ling (born 1984) is a Swedish politician. Since September 2014, he serves as Member of the Riksdag. He represents the constituency of Malmö Municipality. He is affiliated with the Green Party.
He was also elected as Member of the Riksdag in September 2022.
# Magnus Manhammar

Magnus Manhammar (born 1980) is a Swedish politician. From September 2014 to September 2022, he served as Member of the Riksdag representing the constituency of Blekinge County.