OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sigurd Astrup

Sigurd Astrup (6 August 1873 – August 1949) was a Norwegian businessman and politician for the Conservative Party.

## Personal life

Astrup was born in Kristiania, the son of Harald Astrup (1831–1914), a wholesaler, and his wife, Johanne Emilie Smith (1836–1915). His brothers were the architects Henning (1864–96) and Thorvald Astrup (1876–1940) and the polar explorer Eivind Astrup (1871–95). He was a brother-in-law of fellow conservative politician Peder Andreas Morell. He was married to Ingeborg Willumsen (1877–1962); their son Harald Astrup married Mabel, a sister of Barthold A. Butenschøn, Sr. and, like his father, embarked on a mercantile career.

## Career

The young Astrup was educated at the private Gjertsen School in Kristiania, before embarking on his philological and mercantile studies in England and Belgium. In 1895, the company Astrup & Smith, founded by his father on 6 August 1857, appointed Astrup as its office chief. He became part owner in 1906. The company subsequently changed name from Astrup & Smith to Astrup & Søn. Astrup became the sole owner of the company in 1914.
Representing the Oslo Conservative Party, Astrup was elected to the Parliament of Norway in 1924; he sat through one term. Astrup also had positions in parliamentary committees, in Statens metalsentral (1918–1920) and in boards of Norwegian corporations. He chaired Standards Norway from 1924 to 1934 and Christiania Søforsikringsselskab from 1932 to 1944, as well as Norsk Spisevognselskap, Grubernes Sprængstoffabriker and Dalen Portland. He was a board member of Norges Handels- og Sjøfartstidende from 1917 to 1933, Den norske Creditbank from 1928 to 1944 (deputy chairman since 1932), Storebrand and Idun from 1931 to 1946, as well as Elektrokemisk. He was also a supervisory council member of Filharmonisk Selskap. He died in August 1949, aged 76.
# Arne Juland

Arne Johansen Juland (17 August 1877 – January 1957) was a Norwegian educator and politician for the Labour Party and later Nasjonal Samling.
He was born at Juland in Lom as a son of farmers Johan Johansen Juland (1847–1923) and Eldri Hansdotter (1836–1925). He graduated from Elverum Teachers' College in 1900, and worked in Lom for two years, Vågå for two years, Elverum for one year, Stange for two years, Lom again for one year, then Stange from 1908 to 1923 and Vang from 1923 to 1936. He was also a part-time teacher at Hamar Teachers' College from 1923 to 1936, and finally school director in the Diocese of Hamar from 1936 to 1 January 1944.
He was a member of Stange municipal council from 1910 to 1923, serving the last year as mayor. He was also municipal auditor for Stange from 1909 to 1918, and he was elected to the Parliament of Norway in 1918 from the constituency Søndre Hedemarken. He served one term as a member of the Standing Committee on Agriculture. He was later elected to serve as the mayor of Vang from 1928 to 1931.
He was also a member of Stange school board from 1917 to 1919, and Hedmark county school board from 1924 to 1936 (chair since 1930). He chaired the party chapters of Søndre Hedemarken from 1912 to 1920 and Vang from 1926 to 1928. From 1920 to 1923 he was a deputy board member of the Norwegian State Railways.
During the German occupation of Norway he joined the Fascist party Nasjonal Samling. In 1947, during the legal purge in Norway after World War II he was convicted of treason and received a minor sentence. In total there were fifteen former Labour Party mayors who were convicted of treason. He died in 1957.
# Halvdan Aarsrud

Halvdan Aarsrud (29 September 1878 – 25 July 1925) was a Norwegian bailiff and politician for the Labour Party.
He was born in Våler, Hedmark as a son of farmer and politician Hermann Hansen Aarsrud (1837–1927) and Amalie Lundeby (1849–1915). After finishing primary school and county school, he graduated from Jønsberg Agricultural School. In 1907, he settled as a farmer in Våler, first at the farm Nervåle and later at Sole. From 1918, he was also the bailiff of Våler; and he was the director of the local savings bank.
In Våler, he was a member of the municipal council from 1913 to 1925, serving as mayor from 1913 to 1918. He was also a member of the school board and county roads committee. He chaired the constituency branch of the Labour Party in Solør. In the 1915 parliamentary election he was fielded as the running mate of Labour's candidate Ivar Hvamstad, and with 3,679 votes Hvamstad edged out the closest challenger, Liberal Per Aasness with a wide margin. Hvamstad assumed his parliamentary seat in early 1916, but died in May 1916, upon which point Aarsrud replaced him as an MP. Aarsrud then ran for re-election in 1918, now with A. G. Fjeldseth as his running mate, and with 3,952 votes he edged out Aasness as the closest challenger who tallied 1,637 votes. Aarsrud served through 1921 as a member of the Standing Committee on Forestry and Water Resources. From 1920 to 1923, he was a deputy board member of the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Agency. He died in July 1925.
# Aradus robustus

Aradus robustus is a species of flat bug in the family Aradidae. It is found in North America.

## Subspecies

These two subspecies belong to the species Aradus robustus:
* Aradus robustus insignis Parshley, 1921
* Aradus robustus robustus Uhler, 1871
# Kristian Edland

Kristian Edland (12 April 1874 – 24 October 1958) was a Norwegian farmer and politician.
Edland was born in Mosterøy to farmers David Edland and Serina Døskeland. He was elected representative to the Storting for the periods 1934–1936 and 1937–1945, for the Liberal Party. He served as mayor of Mosterøy from 1925 to 1931.
# Lost Souls (The Raindogs album)

Lost Souls is the debut album by the folk/roots rock band the Raindogs, released in 1990 on Atco Records. Written by lead singer Mark Cutler and presenting a hybrid roots rock sound with Celtic elements, Lost Souls drew critical attention but was not a commercial success.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Calgary Herald | C |
| Chicago Tribune | |
| The Rolling Stone Album Guide | |
The Los Angeles Times thought that the "lilting yet propulsive fiddle gusts, swirling through the basic guitar-rock architecture, give Raindogs both sweetness and bite." The Orlando Sentinel deemed the album "a solid effort [on which] none of the songs really stood out." The Washington Post called it "catchy but a little cautious."
AllMusic wrote that "Lost Souls is perfectly played material and an interesting debut, but there's not enough personality to send this over the top." The Rolling Stone Album Guide declared the album to be "a perfectly unremarkable example of foursquare folk-rock traditionalism."

## Track listing

(All tracks written by Mark Cutler)
* "I'm Not Scared" 3:23
* "May Your Heart Keep Beating" 3:50
* "Phantom Flame" 3:31
* "The Higher Road" 3:04
* "Too Many Stars" 3:19
* "Nobody's Getting Out" 3:18
* "Cry for Mercy" 3:37
* "Adventure" 3:04
* "This Is the Place" 3:57
* "Under the Rainbow" 3:59
* "I Believe" 4:17
* "Something Wouldn't Be the Same" 4:43

## Personnel

* Mark Cutler - lead vocals/guitar
* Johnny Cunningham - fiddle/mandolin
* Jim Reilly - drums
* Darren Hill - bass
* Emerson Torrey - guitar/vocals
* Jim Fitting - harmonica
* Gordon Beadle/Scott Shetler/Curtis Stone/Myanna Pontoppidan - horns
* Richard Reed/Peter Henderson - keyboards
* Cheryl Hodge - background vocals
* Tony Cuffe - whistles
* Sa Davies - percussion
* Ralph Tufo - accordion
# Big Bend, Eswatini

Big Bend is a town in eastern Eswatini, lying on the Great Usutu River (Lusutfu). Its main industry is farming and it is based mostly on sugar plantations. Big Bend is also surrounded by nature/game reserves such as Mhlosinga Nature Reserve and Nisela Safaris.
26°49′S 31°56′E﻿ / ﻿26.817°S 31.933°E﻿ / -26.817; 31.933

## Schools

Big Bend has several schools, such as The Edu-care Centre which is a preschool which caters to Swazi and expatriate children along with its sister schools, Ubombo Primary School and Sisekelo High School. They were established in the late 1970s and have pioneered the high level of teaching excellence in the kingdom that paved the way for other schools to follow.

## Climate

Big Bend has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen: BSh) with very hot and moderately rainy summers and warm, dry winters. The record high temperature is 44.3 °C (111.7 °F) on November 25, 2020. The lowest temperature to have ever been recorded in Eswatini, −6.7 °C (19.9 °F), was recorded at Big Bend.
Climate data for Big Bend :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 32.2 (90.0) | 31.7 (89.1) | 30.6 (87.1) | 29.1 (84.4) | 27.0 (80.6) | 25.2 (77.4) | 25.2 (77.4) | 26.5 (79.7) | 28.4 (83.1) | 29.8 (85.6) | 30.2 (86.4) | 31.6 (88.9) | 29.0 (84.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 26.2 (79.2) | 26.0 (78.8) | 25.0 (77.0) | 22.8 (73.0) | 19.9 (67.8) | 17.3 (63.1) | 17.1 (62.8) | 19.0 (66.2) | 21.4 (70.5) | 23.4 (74.1) | 24.3 (75.7) | 25.6 (78.1) | 22.3 (72.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 20.3 (68.5) | 20.4 (68.7) | 19.5 (67.1) | 16.6 (61.9) | 12.8 (55.0) | 9.4 (48.9) | 9.1 (48.4) | 11.5 (52.7) | 14.5 (58.1) | 17.1 (62.8) | 18.5 (65.3) | 19.6 (67.3) | 15.8 (60.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 98 (3.9) | 75 (3.0) | 63 (2.5) | 32 (1.3) | 20 (0.8) | 9 (0.4) | 9 (0.4) | 12 (0.5) | 31 (1.2) | 51 (2.0) | 79 (3.1) | 82 (3.2) | 561 (22.3) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org ||||||||||||||
# Jean-Paul St. Laurent

Jean-Paul Stephen St-Laurent (23 April 1912 – 22 December 1986) was a Canadian politician. He was born in Quebec City, Quebec.
The son of former Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent and Jeanne Renault, Jean-Paul represented the electoral district of Témiscouata in the House of Commons of Canada from 1955 to 1958 while his father was Prime Minister.
St. Laurent was a member of the Liberal Party. He was swept out in the massive Progressive Conservative landslide of 1958 that saw the Tories win the most seats in Quebec for the only time from 1896 to 1980.
He died aged 74 in 1986.
# Zefferino Tomè

Zefferino Tomè (1905, in Casarsa della Delizia – 1979) was an Italian lawyer, partisan (during the Second World War) and politician. He was a Christian Democratic senator from 1948 to 1958. He was a friend of Pier Paolo Pasolini.
# Carbonyl bromide

Carbonyl bromide, also known as bromophosgene, is a carbon oxohalide and a bromine analogue of phosgene, with the chemical formula COBr$_2$. It is a colorless liquid. Carbonyl bromide is a decomposition product of halon compounds used in fire extinguishers.

## Synthesis and reactions

Carbonyl bromide is formed by the oxidation of carbon tetrabromide with sulfuric acid:
    CBr$_4$ + H$_2$SO$_4$ → COBr$_2$ + SO$_2$ + Br$_2$ + H$_2$O
In contrast to phosgene, carbonyl bromide cannot be produced efficiently by halogenation of carbon monoxide. The bromination of carbon monoxide follows this equation:
    CO + Br$_2$ ⇌ COBr$_2$
But the process is slow at room temperature. Increasing temperature, in order to increase the reaction rate, results in a further shift of the chemical equilibrium towards the educts (since Δ$_R$H < 0 and Δ$_R$S < 0).
Carbonyl bromide slowly decomposes to carbon monoxide and elemental bromine even at low temperatures. It is also sensitive to hydrolysis, breaking down into hydrogen bromide and carbon dioxide.
# Zolotava

Zolotava (Russian: Золотава) is a rural locality (a village) in Ilyinskoye Rural Settlement, Kharovsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 185 as of 2002.

## Geography

Zolotava is located 27 km northeast of Kharovsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Ishenino is the nearest rural locality.
# Gérard Mulliez

Gérard Paul Louis Marie-Joseph Mulliez (born 13 May 1931) is a French entrepreneur and the founder of the Auchan chain of department stores.

## Early life

Gérard Mulliez was born on 13 May 1931, in Roubaix, France. His father, Gérard Mulliez, was the owner of Phildar, a knitting yarn brand founded by his grandfather, Louis Mulliez-Lestienne. His uncle, Louis Mulliez, was the owner of the Saint-Liévin factory in Lille. Gérard Mulliez has five siblings.
Mulliez reportedly had bad grades in school. He spent a year in England, where he learned to play rugby and pool and learned to speak English. Despite his efforts, he failed his Baccalaureate.

## Career

Mulliez started his career working for his father's company, gradually working his way up until he became its chairman.
In 1961, at the age of twenty-nine, after being inspired by department stores during a trip to the US, he opened his first Auchan store in Roubaix, France. He retired as chairman in 1996 and as CEO in 2006, handing over control to his nephew, Vianney Mulliez.
His holding Association Familiale Mulliez (AFM) controls Auchan as well as a diverse mix of other retail chains such as Leroy Merlin, Decathlon, Saint Maclou, Kiloutou, Kiabi, Flunch, etc. It is co-owned between a thousand family members. Six hundred of his cousins are millionaires as a result.
In 2004, he was the recipient of the Légion d'honneur.
In 2022, retailers founded or part-owned by Gérard Mulliez, including Auchan, Decathlon, and Leroy Merlin, face criticism for refusing to pull out from the Russian market as a result of the Russian Invasion of Ukraine and even supporting the invasion through its Russian subsidiary.

## Wealth

According to Challenge Magazine, he was worth 19 billion Euros in 2013, 20 billion Euros in 2014, and according to Capital, nearly 40 billion Euros in 2016 making him the first richest person in France. According to Capital, the Mulliez family was the richest family in France in 2014. According to Hurun Report, he is 18th richest person in the world with a net worth of US$30 billion. Some of his family members reside in Néchin, Belgium.
He has revealed that he has also spent less than he earns, and reinvests most of his earnings. He added that most of his wealth is tied up in family shares, and he would not be able to spend much of it. He is in favour of taxing annual incomes upwards of 500,000 Euros, but not dividends on investments, arguing that this would scare investors away.
On 21 February 2015, he paid a personal visit to the youth wing of the French Communist Party in Lille to protest about a poster accusing him of profiting from the financial crisis, as he got richer while his employees saw their spending power diminish. He argued that he employed a lot of people, adding that by the time he was their age, he had already opened his first store.

## Personal life

Mulliez and his wife have three children. They reside in Croix near Lille and own another house in the South of France. They are practising Roman Catholics. He enjoys spending his weekends biking and hiking in the countryside.
# Thembinkosi Rawula

Thembinkosi Rawula is a South African politician. He was a senior member of the Economic Freedom Fighters and a Member of Parliament for the party until he resigned in April 2019 after accusing party leaders of financial mismanagement.

## Early life and education

Rawula is from the Eastern Cape. He holds a bachelor's degree in public administration from Nelson Mandela University, a post-graduate diploma in labour law from the University of Johannesburg and an honours degree in Public Administration from the University of South Africa.

## Career

He was the labour coordinator of the National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa (NUMSA) in the Eastern Cape between 2003 and 2006. From 2014 to 2015, he was employed as a human resource and capacity building advisor.

## Political career

Rawula served on the Central Command Team of the Economic Freedom Fighters as the member responsible for the party's labour and trade union relations. He was sworn in as a Member of the National Assembly for the party on 31 October 2015. He replaced Kgotso Morapela, who was redeployed to the Free State Provincial Legislature. During his tenure as a parliamentarian, he was a member of the following portfolio committees: tourism, mineral resources and labour.
On 5 April 2019, Rawula accused party leader Julius Malema and his former deputy Floyd Shivambu of abusing party funds to fund their lifestyles. On 7 April, he said that Malema's lawyers had demanded that he retract the accusations. On 10 April, Rawula resigned from the EFF and automatically ceased to be a member of parliament. He then joined NUMSA's political party, the Socialist Revolutionary Workers Party, on 16 April.
On 21 May 2019, Malema filed a defamation lawsuit against Rawula. The case was heard in November and the Eastern Cape division of the High Court ruled in favour of Rawula.
On 9 October 2023, Rawula was announced as a member of ActionSA during a press conference held in Gqeberha.
# Lupanda

Lupanda (Russian: Лупанда) is a rural locality (a village) in Domshinskoye Rural Settlement, Sheksninsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 2 as of 2002.

## Geography

Lupanda is located 42 km southeast of Sheksna (the district's administrative centre) by road. Dor is the nearest rural locality.
# Isoptericola cucumis

Isoptericola cucumis is a Gram-positive and aerobic bacterium from the genus Isoptericola which has been isolated from a cucumber (Cucumis sativus) in Auburn, Alabama, in the United States.
# Psycroptic (album)

Psycroptic is the eponymous sixth studio album by Australian technical death metal band Psycroptic. It was released digitally on 10 March 2015 and physically released on 13 Mar 2015 by EVP Recordings in Australia and Prosthetic Records in North America. A Deluxe Edition CD and DVD limited to 500 copies was released in Australia.

## Track listing

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Angry Metal Guy | |
| Metal Sucks | |
| SkullsNBones | |
| Sputnik Music | |
| Metal Storm | |

## Personnel
### Psycroptic

* Cameron Grant - bass
* David Haley - drums
* Joe Haley -guitars
* Jason Peppiatt - vocals

### Production and artwork

* Joe Haley - production, engineering, mixing
* Metastazis - cover artwork
* Alan Douches - mastering
# Masters of the Universe (Hawkwind album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
Masters of the Universe is a 1977 compilation album by Hawkwind covering the years 1971 to 1974 while the group were contracted to United Artists Records. It is the group's second compilation album, after the previous year's Roadhawks, and was compiled and released without the band's input or approval.

## Track listing
### Side one

* "Master of the Universe" (Nik Turner, Dave Brock) – 6:19 – from In Search of Space (1971)
* "Brainstorm" (Turner) – 10:44 – from Doremi Fasol Latido (1972)

### Side two

* "Sonic Attack" (Michael Moorcock) – 2:59 – from A Space Ritual Alive (1973)
* "Orgone Accumulator" (Robert Calvert, Brock) – 10:00 – from A Space Ritual Alive (1973)
* "It's So Easy" (Brock) – 5:21 – B-side of "The Psychedelic Warlords (Disappear in Smoke)" single
* "Lost Johnny" (Ian Kilmister, Mick Farren) – 3:28 – from Hall of the Mountain Grill (1974)

## Personnel

* Robert Calvert – vocals (tracks 3 and 4)
* Dave Brock – vocals (track 5), guitar
* Del Dettmar – synthesizer, keyboards
* DikMik – audio generator (except 5 and 6)
* Nik Turner – vocals (tracks 1 and 2), flute, saxophone
* Dave Anderson – bass (track 1)
* Lemmy Kilmister – bass (except track 1), guitar and vocals (track 6)
* Terry Ollis – drums (track 1)
* Simon King – drums (except track 1)
* Simon House – synthesizer, violin, keyboards (tracks 5 and 6)

## Release history

* Feb 25, 1977: United Artists, UAG 30025
* May 1982: EMI Fame, FA3008
* Aug 1987: Liberty, EMS1258
* May 1989: EMI Fame, FA3220, CD
# Gili Raanan

Gili Raanan (born 1969) is an Israeli venture capitalist and former founder of multiple software companies. Raanan started Sanctum in 1997, the company that created the Web application firewall AppShield and the web application penetration testing software AppScan. He later started NLayers which was acquired by EMC Corporation. He was a general partner at Sequoia Capital, the founder of Cyberstarts, and board member at Wiz, Adallom, Onavo, and Moovit, Snaptu.

## Biography

Gili Raanan was born in Kfar Saba, Israel. He served in Unit 8200 for ten years. He earned a Bachelor of Computer Science In 2002 from the Tel Aviv University, he received a Master of Business Administration degree from the Recanati School of the Tel Aviv University.

## Business career

Raanan started Sanctum in 1997, and created AppShield, a web application firewall and AppScan, a web application penetration testing tool.
Raanan later started NLayers in 2003 which was acquired by EMC Corporation pioneering the science of Application discovery and understanding.

### Venture capitalist

In 2009 Raanan joined Sequoia Capital in Israel as a General Partner. In 2018 Raanan founded Cyberstarts, which is an early stage VC focused on Cybersecurity. Raanan is a seed investor in a number of Cybersecurity companies such as Fireblocks, Wiz, Noname, Island.io, Armis and Adallom. These companies tend to be staffed with Unit 8200 veterans.
In June 2024 the Israeli business news outlet Calcalist published an investigation into Cyberstarts' business practices, writing that "points worth tens of thousands of dollars are awarded to CISOs of organizations for deepening relationships with the fund's portfolio companies, aiding their growth" and "mutual oral understanding is that the progress in accumulating points also involves purchases." Raanan and the fund responded by saying that "No CISO received compensation for purchasing products."
# Marley (disambiguation)

Bob Marley (1945–1981) was a Jamaican singer-songwriter and musician.
Marley may also refer to:

## People

* Marley (surname)
* Baron Marley, a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
** Dudley Aman, 1st Baron Marley
* Alejandro Wiebe, nicknamed "Marley", Argentine TV host

## People with the given name Marley

* Marley Aké (born 2001), French footballer
* Marley Carib (1947–2018), Japanese writer
* Marley Canales (born 1997), American professional soccer player
* Marley Dias (born 2005), African-American activist and feminist
* Marley Leuluai (born 2006), New Zealand association football player
* Marley Marl (born 1962), American DJ
* Marley Marshall-Miranda (born 2002), Spanish born English professional footballer
* Marley Pearce (born 2003), Australian rugby union player
* Marley Raikiwasa (born 2005), Australian discus thrower and shot putter
* Marley Redfern (born 2002), Scottish footballer
* Marley Rose (born 2002), English professional footballer
* Marley Sebastian (born 1983), American professional wrestler
* Marley Shelton (born 1974), American actress
* Marley Shriver (1937–2016), American swimmer
* Marley Spearman (1928–2011), English amateur golfer
* Marley Watkins (born 1990), Welsh footballer
* Marley Williams (born 1993), Australian rules footballer
* Marley Zarcone (born 1983), Canadian comic book artist

## Fictional characters

* Marley Kelly, a fictional character played by Luke Bailey in the BBC drama series Waterloo Road
* Marley Love, a fictional character from the NBC soap Another World then CBS soap As the World Turns
* Jacob Marley, a fictional character from Charles Dickens' 1843 novella A Christmas Carol
* Marley Rose, a fictional character played by Melissa Benoist in the FOX musical comedy series Glee

## Places

* Marley, Canterbury, Kent, England
* Marley, Dover, hamlet in Kent, England
* Marley, Maidstone, hamlet in Kent, England
* Marley, Illinois, United States

## Other uses

* Marley (film), a 2012 documentary on Bob Marley
** Marley (soundtrack), a soundtrack album from the film
* A Labrador Retriever featured in the book Marley & Me and the film based on it
* Marley floor, a type of vinyl flooring used for dance