OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fritsch

Fritsch is a German surname. Like Fritsche, Fritzsch and Fritzsche, it is a patronymic derived from Friedrich.
Notable people with the surname include:
* Ahasverus Fritsch (1629–1701), German jurist, poet and hymn writer
* Antonin Fritsch (1832-1913), Czech palaeontologist
* Bayley Fritsch (born 1996), professional Australian rules footballer
* Bernard Joseph Fritsch (1881–1951), Australian rules footballer
* Brad Fritsch (born 1977), Canadian professional golfer
* Eberhard Ludwig Cäsar Fritsch (died 1974), the editor and publisher of the pro-Nazi monthly magazine in Argentina Der Weg
* Edward F. Fritsch (born 1950), scientist
* Elizabeth Fritsch (born 1940), British potter
* Eloy Fernando Fritsch (born 1968), Brazilian electronic musician
* Felix Eugen Fritsch, English phycologist
* Ferdinand Fritsch (1898-1966/7), Austrian football manager
* Florian Fritsch (born 1985), German professional golfer
* Frederick William Fritsch (born 1954), American former bobsleigh athlete
* Gerhard Fritsch (1924–1969), Austrian novelist and poet
* Gunther von Fritsch (1906–1988), film director
* Gustav Fritsch (1837–1927), German physiologist
* Hans Fritsch (1911–1987), German discus thrower
* Heinrich Fritsch (1844–1915), German gynecologist and obstetrician
* Horst Fritsch (1931–2010), a German Green Party politician
* Jamie Fritsch (born 1985), American former professional ice hockey defenseman
* Johannes Fritsch (1941–2010), a German composer
* Karl Fritsch (1864–1934), Austrian botanist
* Karl von Fritsch (1838–1906), German geologist
* Karl Fritsch (jeweller) (born 1963), German-born contemporary jeweller
* Katharina Fritsch (born 1956), German sculptor
* Lisa Fritsch (born 1975), American author and community activist
* Ludwig Fritsch, pseudonym of Marie Luise Droop (1890–1959), German writer, director and producer
* Margaret Goodin Fritsch (1899–1993), American architect
* Michael Fritsch, academic and researcher in the field of Economics
* Nicolas Fritsch (born 1978), French cyclist
* Paul Fritsch (1859–1913), German co-inventor of the Fritsch–Buttenberg–Wiechell rearrangement
* Paul Fritsch (1901–1970), French boxer
* Rüdiger von Fritsch (born 1953), German diplomat and author
* Stephan Fritsch (1962-2014), German artist
* Theodore Edward Fritsch Jr. (born 1950), former American football center
* Theodor Fritsch (1852–1933), German publisher and anti-semitic pundit
* Thomas Fritsch (1944–2021), German television and dubbing actor
* Toni Fritsch (1945–2005), Austrian player of football (soccer) and American football
* Waldemar Fritsch (1909–1978), German porcelain sculptor and ceramist
* Walter Fritsch (1911-date of death unknown), Chilean hurdler
* Werner von Fritsch (1880–1939), German Wehrmacht officer
* Willy Fritsch (1901-1973), German theater and film actor
* Wolfgang Fritsch (born 1949), German lightweight rower
# Michelle Scrogham

Michelle Scrogham (née White; born December 1970) is a British Labour Party politician who has been Member of Parliament (MP) for Barrow and Furness since 2024. She was first elected in the 2024 general election when she defeated the incumbent MP, Simon Fell of the Conservative Party.

## Personal life

Scrogham was born and still lives in the town of Ulverston, within her constituency, and has previously held posts both as town councillor and mayor for Ulverston (2022–2024), as well as heading the Ulverston Business Improvement District. She is the co-owner of a clothing and fashion boutique, Pure, in Ulverston town centre, that she founded in 2005 with her sister. She has been married to Graham Scrogham, who succeeded her as mayor of Ulverston, since 1991.
# Supercopa do Brasil Sub-20

The Supercopa do Brasil Sub-20, is an official Brazilian national football super cup tournament for U-20 teams, reuniting the champions of Campeonato Brasileiro Sub-20 and Copa do Brasil Sub-20 of the season.

## List of champions

Following there are all the Supercup U-20 editions:
| Year | Champion | Score | Runners-up |
| 2017 | Cruzeiro MG 2017 Campeonato Brasileiro Sub-20 winners | 0–0 2–2 4–2 (pen.) | Atlético Mineiro MG 2017 Copa do Brasil Sub-20 winners |
| 2018 | São Paulo SP 2018 Copa do Brasil Sub-20 winners | 4–3 1–2 5–4 (pen.) | Palmeiras SP 2018 Campeonato Brasileiro Sub-20 winners |
| 2019 | Flamengo RJ 2019 Campeonato Brasileiro Sub-20 winners | 3–0 0–1 | Palmeiras SP 2019 Copa do Brasil Sub-20 winners |
| 2020 | Vasco da Gama RJ 2020 Copa do Brasil Sub-20 winners | 2–2 7–6 (pen.) | Atlético Mineiro MG 2020 Campeonato Brasileiro Sub-20 winners |
| 2021 | Internacional RS 2021 Campeonato Brasileiro Sub-20 winners | 1–0 | Coritiba PR 2021 Copa do Brasil Sub-20 winners |

### Titles by club

| Titles | Club |
| 1 |
| 1 | Cruzeiro |
| 1 | Flamengo |
| 1 | São Paulo |
| 1 | Vasco da Gama |
| 1 | Internacional |
# Heul Girl

The Heul Girl (Dutch: Heulmeisje) was a murder victim found on 24 October 1976 at the former De Heul parking lot on the A12, in Maarsbergen, Netherlands. Her identity has never been established.

## Case summary

It was assumed for many years that the naked, leaf-covered body belonged to a missing 18-year-old girl from a neighbouring village. However, that theory was ruled out in 2006 when the missing girl, now an adult, reported to the police.
Based on later research on the epiphyseal plates, the Heul Girl would have been 12 to 15 years old at the time of death, putting her date of birth between 1960 and 1965. Isotope research on her teeth showed that the girl probably lived between the Ruhr and Eifel regions of Germany for the first seven years of her life. Around 1975, the child was likely in East Germany or Eastern Europe. The year prior to her death, she supposedly stayed in either West Germany or the Netherlands. In that year, the girl received particularly poor nutrition, which may indicate extreme poverty or a possible kidnapping.
In 2012, a witness stated that in 1976, multiple people saw the girl being "thrown out" by two men between the ages of 30 and 40.
In 2013, both the Opsporing Verzocht program and the German variant Aktenzeichen XY... ungelöst aired episodes on the case.
In 2016, the German judiciary gave permission to start a large-scale investigation based on the girl's DNA. This is a joint operation by both countries, in which DNA databases from both countries will be utilised. At the end of 2018, the Utrecht police confirmed that DNA testing had not started yet.
In 2023, the case was part of Operation Identify Me by Interpol to identify 22 unidentified women who were found deceased in the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany between 1976 and 2019.
# Jamie Sparks

Jamie Sparks (born 11 January 1992), is a British ocean rower and adventurer. On 27 January 2014 he, alongside fellow Briton Luke Birch, became the Guinness world record holders for the youngest pair to row across any ocean. In 2014, Sparks skippered the first ever unsupported row from Exmouth, Australia to the Seychelles. Sparks and his crew, consisting of Angus Collins, Hamish Khayat and Alex Simpson, were at sea for 71 days.

## Early life

He was born in London and attended Arnold House School in St John's Wood, Harrow School, and the University of Bristol where he received a BA in Archaeology & Anthropology.

## Atlantic Ocean Row

In December 2013, under the team name 2 Boys in a Boat, Jamie and his rowing partner Luke Birch set out from La Gomera in the Canary Islands to Antigua in the Caribbean. The pair rowed the 3000 miles in 2 hours on and 2 hours off shifts, all day and night. The crossing took them 54 days and they raised over £300,000 for Breast Cancer Care, a record total for the charity. Prior to the row, the crew had been on 5,000 calorie a day diets in order to gain muscle mass for the crossing.

## Indian Ocean Row

In July 2014, under the team Fast Row West, Sparks captained a crew of four on the first ever unsupported row from Exmouth, Australia to the Seychelles. The team became the fastest four-man crew to cross the Indian Ocean and the youngest four-man crew to cross any ocean. The intended destination had originally been the island of Mauritius however, massive equipment failure and extreme weather conditions led to the crew having to detour to the Seychelles.
# Pedro Agramunt

Pedro Agramunt Font de Mora (12 September 1951 – 25 November 2024) was a Spanish politician. Agramunt was from Valencia and served as a member of the Senate of Spain since 2008. He had previously represented Valencia Province in the Spanish Congress of Deputies from 1989 to 1991 and in the Corts Valencianes, the Valencian regional parliament, from 1991 to 1994. He was a prominent member of the People's Party (Spain). He was also a Chairman of the European People's Party since January 2016 and was active in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, being president until his resignation on 6 October 2017.
Agramunt advocated for further European integration and spoke in favour of supporting Ukraine.

## Background

According to his official biography, Agramunt held a degree in law from the University of Valencia. Agramunt's biography also says that he graduated from the Instituto de Estudios Superiores de la Empresa (IESE) in Barcelona, having studied Management Development (1980).
Agramunt was married in 1979 and had two children. He died on 25 November 2024, at the age of 73.

## Controversy

Although Agramunt had a low profile in non-Spanish media, he was the focus of significant controversy, as he was the rapporteur of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe on political prisoners in Azerbaijan. Human rights activists had criticized Agramunt for his proximity to the regime in Azerbaijan, and have highlighted that he did little to highlight numerous violations of human rights. Leyla Yunus, one of the Azerbaijani human rights activists that had criticized Agramunt in June 2014, has since been arrested, on charges that Human Rights Watch characterized as "bogus".
In 2013, the European Stability Initiative pressed for Agramunt to resign from his position as rapporteur, alleging that he had covered up systematic violations of Human rights in Azerbaijan. In 2017 in the report entitled “The Azerbaijani Laundromat” published by the Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project as result of investigative journalism, Agramunt was mentioned to be benefiting from Azerbaijani scheme of money laundering. Furthermore, he played a key role in rigging various votes at PACE in favour of Azerbaijan.
On 28 April 2017, after travelling to Syria to meet Bashar al-Assad, the Bureau of PACE said he was no longer authorized to undertake any official visits, attend meetings, or make public statements on behalf of the assembly in his capacity as president after a vote of no confidence on him. His partiality as a President of PACE was proven and he eventually resigned as the President of Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe on 6 October 2017.
# David Odikadze

David Odikadze (born 14 April 1981) is a retired Georgian football player who played as a right-sided defender and right midfielder.
Odikadze is the two-time winner of Umaglesi Liga with Dinamo Tbilisi. He has also secured the Azerbaijan Premier League, Georgian Cup and Georgian Super Cup titles.

## Career

Odikadze started his career at STU in 1996. He spent most years at Dinamo Tbilisi and Chikhura whom he captained. Odikadze announced his retirement in April 2021 at age 39.
Overall, during his 25 year-long career Odikadze took part in 472 matches in Georgian football leagues, scoring 76 goals.

## International

Odikadze made his debut for Georgia in a friendly 1–0 win over Lithuania on 9 February 2005. After making three more appearance the same year, he was not called up until May 2008. Odikadze featured in seven matches of 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifiers.

## After retirement

Two years after his retirement, Odikadze announced the creation of a football academy for children aged 6–13.
# Cosmic energy (disambiguation)

Cosmic energy is a spiritual and alternative medical concept.Every actions are monitored with Cosmic Energy.
Cosmic energy may also refer to:

## Religion and science

* Orgone, a pseudoscientific concept
* Shakti, a Hindu philosophical concept
* Cosmic background (disambiguation)
* Cosmic ray, a high-energy particle from outer space

## Arts and entertainment

* Cosmic Energy, a 2020 extended play in the Katy Perry discography
* "Cosmic Energy", a song by Kool and the Gang from the 1976 album Love & Understanding
* Power Cosmic, the source of the superpowers of Galactus and the Silver Surfer
# PHM

PHM may refer to:
* Master of Philosophy (M.Phil. or Ph.M.)
* Prognostics and health management
* PulteGroup, NYSE stock symbol
* Penn-Harris-Madison School Corporation, Indiana, US
* A US Navy hull classification symbol: Patrol missile hydrofoil (PHM)
* Pretty Hate Machine, the debut album from Nine Inch Nails
* Proto-Hmong–Mien language
* Pure homopolar motor, is an electric motor not requiring brushes, electronics, or semiconductor parts to convert direct current into torque.
* PHM Racing, a German auto racing team
* Passive hydrogen maser, a type of atomic clock
# Ee Preethi Yeke Bhoomi Melide

Ee Preethi Yeke Bhoomi Melide (transl. Why The Love Exists on The Earth?) is a 2007 Indian Kannada-language romance film directed, written and enacted by Prem. The film also features Rohini, Namratha and Sharan in other pivotal roles. Bollywood actress Mallika Sherawat appeared in a special dance number whilst actors Ambareesh, Sudharani and Vinaya Prasad appeared in brief cameo roles. The film had musical soundtrack scored by R. P. Patnaik whilst the background score was V. Harikrishna.
The film opened on 28 December 2007 to mixed reviews and performed badly at the box-office.

## Cast

* Prem as Chandra
* Rohini as Sowmya
* Namratha as Sandhya
* Sharan
* Ramesh Bhat
* Raghu Ram
* Layendra
* Sihi Kahi Chandru
* Master Kishan
* Tejaswini Prakash
* Mallika Sherawat in an item song
* Ambareesh in guest appearance
* Sudharani in guest appearance
* Vinaya Prasad in guest appearance
* B. Jayashree in guest appearance

## Soundtrack

The film's score and soundtrack was composed by R. P. Patnaik.

## Reception
### Critical response

A critic from Rediff.com wrote that "The film starts off slowly and drags right until the end". A critic from Deccan Herald wrote that "The director has spent considerable energy, thinking out and using every trick in the trade; a small portion of spending the same energy on a coherent script would have been the icing on a cake".
# Cutler, Indiana

Cutler is an unincorporated community in Democrat Township, Carroll County, Indiana, United States. It is part of the Lafayette, Indiana Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## History

The town was laid out by John A. Cook during the construction of the Logansport Crawfordsville & Southwestern Rail Road sometime in 1871. It was named by him, probably from the man in charge of the construction, William P. Cutler.
The first post office at Cutler was established in 1873.

## Demographics

The United States Census Bureau delineated Cutler as a census designated place in the 2022 American Community Survey.

## Education

Cutler residents may obtain a library card at the Burlington Community Library in Burlington.

## Notable person

* Hugh Lowery, NFL football player, was born in Cutler.
# David Duggan (American football)

David Duggan (born July 16, 1963) is an American football coach and former player. He is the head football coach for Jackson Academy, a position he has held since 2024. He previously served as the director of recruiting at Troy University. Duggan served as the head coach for the Cologne Centurions of NFL Europe from 2006 to 2007, where he compiled a record of 10–9.

## Early life

A native of Maynard, Massachusetts, Duggan played four years of football at the University of New Hampshire. He served as captain in 1986 while playing linebacker for the Wildcats.

## Coaching career

Duggan began his coaching career in 1987 at Allegheny College where he worked with the inside linebackers. During his one year stay with the Gators, they won the North Coast Athletic Conference title and participated in the NCAA Division III playoffs. In 1988, he returned to his alma mater for a four-year stint as linebackers coach with the Wildcats. In his final year at UNH, the Wildcats won the Yankee Conference title and participated in the NCAA Division I-AA playoffs.
After the 2011 season, Duggan followed head coach Larry Fedora to the University of North Carolina, where he was named outside linebackers coach and special teams coordinator on January 3, 2012. He spent one season in that capacity before returning to Southern Miss as the defensive coordinator and linebackers coach under newly hired head coach Todd Monken in January 2013.
On August 19, 2019, Duggan was named acting head coach of Arkansas State following head coach Blake Anderson's decision to take a leave of absence. Duggan had been named defensive coordinator of the team earlier in the year.
Duggan was fired on October 16, 2020, less than 24 hours after the Red Wolves defense gave up 52 points against Georgia State.
Duggan was named the director of recruiting at Troy on March 31, 2021.
In late December 2022, Duggan was named the defensive coordinator at Kent State under brand-new head coach Kenni Burns. On April 4, 2024, Duggan stepped down from his positions as defensive coordinator and linebackers coach to become the head football coach for Jackson Academy to be closer to family.

## Personal life

Duggan and his wife, Lynne, have two daughters, Olivia and Grace. He graduated from the University of New Hampshire in 1986 with a degree in physical education.

## Head coaching record

| Team | Year | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Postseason | Postseason | Postseason | Postseason |
| Team | Year | Won | Lost | Ties | Win % | Finish | Won | Lost | Win % | Result |
| COL | 2006 | 4 | 6 | 0 | .400 | 4th (League) | – | – | — | — |
| COL | 2007 | 6 | 3 | 0 | .600 | 3rd (League) | – | – | — | — |
| Total | Total | 10 | 9 | 0 | .526 | | – | – | — | |
# Christopher Chyba

Christopher F. Chyba is an American astrobiologist and Professor of Astrophysical Sciences and International Affairs at the Princeton School of Public and International Affairs.
He graduated from Swarthmore College in 1982, and studied mathematical physics at the University of Cambridge as a Marshall Scholar. He then received his Ph.D. in astronomy, with an emphasis in planetary science, from Cornell University in 1991. He was a White House Fellow on the National Security Council staff, and then serving in the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) from 1993 to 1995. He was a member of the SETI Institute Board of Trustees from 2005 to 2007.

## Awards and honors

* 2001 MacArthur Fellows Program
* The asteroid 7923 Chyba was named in Chyba's honor.

## Works

* "Commencement Address", June 1, 2003
* "Contingency and the Cosmic Prospective", The new astronomy: opening the electromagnetic window and expanding our view of planet earth, Editor D. Wayne Orchiston, Springer, 2005, ISBN 978-1-4020-3723-8
* Comets and the origin and evolution of life, Editors Paul J. Thomas, Christopher F. Chyba, Springer, 2006, ISBN 978-3-540-33086-8
* U.S. nuclear weapons policy: confronting today's threats, Editors George Bunn, Christopher F. Chyba, William James Perry, Center for International Security and Cooperation, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford, Calif., 2006, ISBN 978-0-8157-1365-4
# Michael J. Mumma

Michael J. Mumma is an American astrobiologist at the Goddard Space Flight Center; he is best known for his investigation of the chemistry of comets.

## Education

Mumma graduated Franklin and Marshall College in 1963, with an A.B. in physics. He received a Ph.D. in physics from the University of Pittsburgh in 1970, and joined NASA's GSFC thereafter.

## Career

Mumma is the founding director of the Goddard Center for Astrobiology (2003–present) and Senior Scientist in the Solar System Exploration Division (2005–present). He has had adjunct professorships at Pennsylvania State University, University of Toledo and University of Maryland during his tenure with GFSC.
Mumma's major research interests have been largely directed towards understanding life's origin and its distribution in the cosmos through the study of planetary and cometary chemistry. Mumma pioneered the first detection of water in comets. Using similar spectrometric methodology Mumma has identified many other gaseous species found in comets. He posits that it is possible that comets "seeded life" on the Earth, filling the oceans with water and essential molecular building blocks. He uses information gleaned from Comet LINEAR showing the same isotopic composition as water on the Earth. Recent cometary data on water confirms the data from Comet LINEAR. For his longstanding contribution to planetary science, in 1999 the International Astronomical Union named asteroid 8340 "Michael J. Mumma".
Mumma's group at GFSC was the first to report methane plumes on Mars, and suggested that pores in the soil might open only during certain seasons. These findings have been recently confirmed. The source of the methane is still unresolved, whether it is geochemical or from living systems, which would indicate life on Mars. As far as further findings and conclusions, Mumma stated: "There will be surprising results."
Mumma reports that the most important thing he does is working "intensely" with young scientists, exposing them to the "exciting" research at GFSC. At Goddard, he has mentored 31 post-docs and senior visiting scientists and has codirected eight Ph. D. theses.
   So, every day brings something new to us. It's the newness, the continued discovery-rather small ones, larger ones, it doesn't matter, and in my view it's not work, you see. This is the way we spend our lives, in discovery, and this is an opportunity to continue doing that daily.
In 2019 Mumma was part of the team that found water vapors on Europa. This is important as Europa is a prime target in looking for life forms in the solar system.
Mumma appeared as himself in a 2007 episode of The Universe.

## Awards

Elected Fellow of the American Physical Society, 1990
NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal, 1997.
John C. Lindsay Memorial Award, 2009
NASA Distinguished Service Medal, 2020
Society of Distinguished Alumni, Franklin and Marshall College.
8340 Mumma, minor planet named after him.
# Ronald Oremland

Ronald Oremland was an American microbiologist, astrobiologist, and emeritus senior scientist at the United States Geological Survey. He authored over 200 papers on the microbiology of extreme habitats.

## Biography

Oremland was raised in Brooklyn, New York. He received his B.S. in biology from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1968, where he was inspired by Hermann Ehrlich's geomicrobiology course to pursue a career in marine microbiology. He served as an active duty officer on the USS Utina (ATF-163) in the U.S. Navy. In 1976, he received a PhD from the University of Miami under the mentorship of Barrie F. Taylor, where he worked on methane cycling in tropical marine sediments. He went on to a postdoc at the NASA Ames Research Center, where he worked with Melvin P. Silverman on sulfate-reducing bacteria. He died of acute leukemia on September 16, 2021, at the age of 74.

## Research

From 1977 to 2019, Oremland conducted research at the United States Geological Survey in Menlo Park on the microbial metabolism in extreme environments including Mono Lake. His research focused on the geomicrobiology of acetylene, selenium, and arsenic.

## Honors

Oremland was an elected fellow of the American Society for Microbiology, American Geophysical Union, International Society for Environmental Biogeochemistry, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He was the 2020 recipient of the American Society of Microbiology Award for Environmental Research.