OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Battle of Domažlice

The Battle of Domažlice (Czech: Bitva u Domažlic) or Battle of Taus (German: Schlacht bei Taus) or Battle of Tausch was fought on 14 August 1431 as the part of the 5th crusade against Hussites. The crusade was sent to Bohemia after negotiations, held in Pressburg and Cheb, between Hussites and the emperor Sigismund had failed.

## Outcome

According to legend, the Imperial army was besieging the city of Domažlice since 8 August, when the sight of the approaching and singing Hussite relief army led by Prokop the Bald and hearing their battle hymn "Ktož jsú boží bojovníci" ("Ye Who are Warriors of God"), led to mass panicking among the crusaders, who fled through the Bohemian Forest. The Hussites immediately set after the fleeing Imperial army and annihilated its remnants. Reportedly, 8,000 wagons and all the equipment of the crusaders were captured. The crusader army was accompanied by papal legate Julian Cesarini who escaped, but lost all of his luggage in the retreat, including the secret correspondence and the Papal bull charging him to hire crusaders.

## Sources

* Ich Wolkenstein, by Dieter Kühn; Insel Verlag Frankfurt am Main, 1977 ISBN 3-458-32197-7
* ↑ John William Mears. "Heroes of Bohemia: Huss, Jerome and Zisca." (1879)
# Gerd Grubb

Gerd Grubb (born 1939) is a Danish mathematician known for her research on pseudo-differential operators. She is a professor emerita in the Department of Mathematical Sciences at the University of Copenhagen, where she was the first female professor of mathematics.

## Education and career

Grubb was born on 12 February 1939 in Copenhagen, the daughter of two chemical engineers. She was a student at the Øregård Gymnasium, and then studied various sciences at the University of Copenhagen from 1956 until 1959. After earning a master's degree in mathematics at Aarhus University in 1963, she went to Stanford University for doctoral study in mathematics, completing a Ph.D. in 1966. Her dissertation, A Characterization of the Non-Local Boundary Value Problems Associated With an Elliptic Operator, was supervised by Ralph S. Phillips. She completed a habilitation (Dr. Phil.) in 1975 at the University of Copenhagen, with the habilitation thesis Semiboundedness and other properties of normal boundary problems for elliptic partial differential operators.
She returned to the University of Copenhagen as an assistant professor in 1966, eventually becoming a full professor there in 1994.

## Books

Grubb is the author of the books Functional calculus of pseudodifferential boundary problems (Progress in Mathematics 65, Birkhäuser, 1986; 2nd ed., 1996) and Distributions and operators (Graduate Texts in Mathematics 252, Springer, 2009).

## Recognition

Grubb is a member of the Danish Academy of Natural Sciences [da]. The University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne gave her an honorary doctorate in 1988. She was promoted to hedersdoktor (an honorary doctorate) at the University of Lund (Sweden) in 2016. In 2020, she received the Gold Medal of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters.
# Pollokshaws East railway station

Pollokshaws East railway station is a railway station in Glasgow, Scotland, serving parts of the Pollokshaws, Auldhouse, Newlands and Shawlands neighbourhoods of the city. The station is managed by ScotRail and is located on the Cathcart Circle Line.

## History

The Caledonian Railway extended the original Cathcart District Railway route back in a loop configuration towards Glasgow Central in 1894, opening the station here along with it on 2 April that year. The station had a goods yard on the north side of the line to the east of station (on the other side of Kilmarnock Road. This was served by a signal box on the south side of the line, opposite the yard. The signal box was closed on 16 October 1961 as part of the electrification scheme.
British Rail demolished the station building, replacing it with a shelter in the late 1980s. In 2006, housing was built on the site of the goods yard.

## Services
### Up to November 1979

Two trains per hour between Glasgow Central and Kirkhill and one train per hour in each direction on the Cathcart Circle (Inner and Outer).

### From November 1979

Following the opening of the Argyle Line on 5 November 1979, two trains per hour between Glasgow Central and Kirkhill and two trains per hour in each direction on the Cathcart Circle (Inner and Outer).

### From 2006

One train per hour between Glasgow Central and Newton via Kirkhill and one train per hour in each direction on the Cathcart Circle (Inner and Outer). On Sundays, there is an hourly service to/from Newton only.

### Routes

| Preceding station | National Rail | National Rail | National Rail | Following station |
| Langside | | ScotRail Cathcart Circle | | Shawlands |
| | Historical railways | Historical railways | Historical railways | |
| Langside Line and station open | | Caledonian Railway Cathcart District Railway | | Shawlands Line and station open |
# Francisco De Venanzi

Francisco Antonio De Venanzi (12 March 1917 – 12 September 1987) was a Venezuelan doctor, scientist and academic. He was rector of the Universidad Central de Venezuela from 1959 to 1963. His biography was published as volume 51 of the Biblioteca Biográfica Venezolana.

## Career

De Venanzi was born in Caracas on 12 March 1917, the son of Augusto De Venanzi and de Rosa De Novi. He qualified as a doctor at the Central University of Venezuela in 1942, and completed a master's in Biochemistry at Yale University in 1945. He became a professor in the Faculty of Medicine of the Central University of Venezuela, first in physiology, then in pathology and later in pathophysiology. Like other professors, he resigned in 1951 in protest at decree 321 of the military junta, which ended the autonomy of the university.
In 1950 De Venanzi founded the Venezuelan Association for the Advancement of Science, AsoVAC, which publishes the journal Acta Científica Venezolana. In 1951, with Marcel Roche and other scientists, he founded the Institute of Medical Research of the Luis Roche Foundation.
# Lincoln Park Patriots

The Lincoln Park Patriots were an American minor pro ice hockey team in Lincoln Park, Michigan. They played in the All-American Hockey League in the 1988-89 season. They folded after their first season.

## Season-by-season record

| Season | GP | W | L | T | OTL | SOL | Pts | GF | GA | Place | Playoffs |
| 1988-89 | 28 | 7 | 19 | 2 | — | — | 16 | n/a | n/a | 3., AAHL | |
# Kuzie, Podlaskie Voivodeship

Kuzie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zbójna, within Łomża County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) north-west of Zbójna, 32 km (20 mi) north-west of Łomża, and 103 km (64 mi) west of the regional capital Białystok.
# Baptism of Christ (Perugino, Rome)

The Baptism of Christ is a fresco by the Italian Renaissance painter Pietro Perugino and his workshop, executed around 1482 and located in the Sistine Chapel, Rome.

## History

The commission of the work originated in 1480, when Perugino was decorating a chapel in the Old St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. Pope Sixtus IV was pleased by his work, and decided to commission him also the decoration of the new Chapel he had built in the Vatican Palace. Due to the size of the work, Perugino was later joined by a group of painters from Florence, including Botticelli, Ghirlandaio and others.
Perugino's assistants in the Sistine Chapel included Pinturicchio, Andrea d'Assisi, Rocco Zoppo or, less likely, Lo Spagna or Bartolomeo della Gatta, but the attribution of details to them is disputed.

## Description

The fresco of the Baptism of Christ is the first on the wall on the right of the altar, and parallels Moses Leaving to Egypt and the Circumcision of Elezier facing it on the opposite wall, also by Perugino's workshop. The baptism was in fact considered by Augustine and other early Christian writers as a kind of "spiritual circumcision".
The scene follows a symmetrical pattern, typical of Perugino. In the center is the Jordan River flowing towards the observer and reaching the feet of Jesus and John, who is baptizing the former. A dove, symbol of the Holy Spirit, descends from the sky; it is sent by God, represented within a luminous cloud and flanked by flying seraphim and cherubim. The landscape includes a symbolic view of Rome, recognizable by a triumphal arch, the Colosseum and the Pantheon. The thin trees are typical of the Umbrian school and of Perugino in particular.
At the sides are two secondary episodes: the Baptist (left) and Jesus (right) preaching at the crowd. The central scene also features two kneeling angels who are keeping a towel: these are elements inspired by Flemish paintings, and can be seen in works by Hugo van der Goes and in the Portinari Triptych. At the sides, in the foreground, are portraits of contemporary characters, normally rare in Perugino, but in this case spurred by their presence in the works by Ghirlandaio, who was also working in the Sistine Chapel.
The fresco is surmounted by a frieze with the signature OPVS PETRI PERVSINI · CASTRO PLEBIS.

## Sources

* Garibaldi, Vittoria (2004). "Perugino". Pittori del Rinascimento. Florence: Scala.
# Laskowiec, Podlaskie Voivodeship

Laskowiec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Trzcianne, within Mońki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland.
According to the 1921 census, the village was inhabited by 238 people, among whom 226 were Roman Catholic and 12 Mosaic. At the same time, 238 inhabitants declared Polish nationality, 12 Jewish. There were 45 residential buildings in the village.
# Leszczka Duża

Leszczka Duża is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Perlejewo, within Siemiatycze County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Perlejewo, 28 km (17 mi) north-west of Siemiatycze, and 73 km (45 mi) south-west of the regional capital Białystok.
# Natasha Arthy

Natasha Arthy (born 23 May 1969 in Gentofte, Denmark) is a Danish screenwriter, film director and producer, best known for her 2003 Dogme film Se til venstre, der er en Svensker (USA Title: Old, New, Borrowed and Blue), which received the Grand Jury Prize at the Los Angeles Film Festival.

## Filmography
### Director

* Fightgirl Ayse (2007)
* Se til venstre, der er en Svensker (2003) ... a.k.a. Dogme # 32 ... a.k.a. Old, New, Borrowed and Blue (USA)
* Mirakel (2000) ... a.k.a. Miracle (International: English title)
* Barbie (1997)
* Drengen de kaldte Kylling (1997) TV mini-series
* Fanny Farveløs (1997) ... a.k.a. Penny Plain
* Y's fantom farmor (1996) TV mini-series
* Container Conrad (1995) TV mini-series
* Forunderlige Frede (1995) TV mini-series
* Fortælle frikadelle (1993) TV mini-series

### Producer

* Anton — min hemmelige ven II (2002) TV series (producer) (episodes 1.1-1.4, 1.6, 1.8)
* Drengen de kaldte Kylling (1997) TV mini-series (producer)
* Y's fantom farmor (1996) TV mini-series (producer)
* Container Conrad (1995) TV mini-series (producer)
* Forunderlige Frede (1995) TV mini-series (producer)

### Writer

* Fightgirl Ayse (2007)
* Y's fantom farmor (1996) TV mini-series
* Container Conrad (1995) TV mini-series
# Lewickie-Kolonia

Lewickie-Kolonia is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Juchnowiec Kościelny, within Białystok County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland.
# Lewonie, Gmina Mońki

Lewonie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mońki, within Mońki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland.
# Leśna, Podlaskie Voivodeship

Leśna is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Narewka, within Hajnówka County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Belarus. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-east of Narewka, 22 km (14 mi) north-east of Hajnówka, and 51 km (32 mi) south-east of the regional capital Białystok.
# Emidio Massi

Emidio Massi (5 August 1922 – 13 August 2016) was an Italian Socialist politician and former President of Marche from 1978 until 1990.
Born in Ascoli Piceno, Massi was president of Marche for 12 years, between 1978 and 1990. Previously, between 1970 and 1978, he had served as vice president of the Regional Committee and as assessor for Industry, Crafts and Labour.
# Niggas vs. Black People

"Niggas vs. Black People" is a Chris Rock stand-up comedy routine appearing both on his 1996 HBO special Bring the Pain, and as track 12 on his 1997 album Roll with the New, which went a long way towards establishing his status as a comedy fixture after he left Saturday Night Live.
The routine is a twelve-minute monologue about behaviors that are a subset of the African-American community. He describes "niggas" as a cohort whose behavior is usually detrimental to the image of other black people. "Niggas", he says, glorify ignorance and sloth, and brag about fulfilling any minor responsibility. Rock rejects the view that this image of blacks is purely cultivated by the media and stereotypes, at one point saying: "When I go to the money machine tonight, alright, I ain't looking over my back for the media, I'm looking for niggas! Shit, Ted Koppel ain't never took shit from me. Niggas have, so, you think I've got three guns in my house 'cause the media outside?"

## Inspiration

In a 2007 interview, Rock explained that the inspiration for the bit came from the song "Us" from the 1991 Ice Cube album Death Certificate.

## Retirement

The controversy caused by Rock's constant use of the word "nigger" led him to remove the rant from his show. In a 2005 60 Minutes interview, Rock said: "By the way, I've never done that joke again, ever, and I probably never will. 'Cos some people that were racist thought they had license to say n - - - - -, so, I'm done with that routine."

## Cultural impact

Barack Obama directly referred to the routine while campaigning to be elected president during a Father's Day speech on June 15, 2008, saying: "Chris Rock had a routine. He said some—too many of our men, they're proud, they brag about doing things they're supposed to do. They say 'Well, I—I'm not in jail.' Well, you're not supposed to be in jail!"
In the second episode of the first season of NBC's The Office, "Diversity Day", the main character Michael Scott performs a version of this skit, which results in a day-long racial sensitivity seminar for the office staff.
# Syssphinx hubbardi

Syssphinx hubbardi, or Hubbard's silk moth, is a species of moth in the family Saturniidae. It is found in Mexico and the southern United States.

## Distribution

The species can be found in Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, and California. It is also found in the Sonoran Desert in Mexico.

## Ecology

The caterpillar is approximately 2.5 inches long, and green with many white dots. It also has a violet line that runs across its body. They commonly feed on Prosopis (mesquite), Acacia, and Cercidium microphyllum (palo verde).
# Flag of North Yemen

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# Wik (film)

Wik, stylized as [wi:k], is a 2016 Peruvian thriller drama film directed by Rodrigo Moreno del Valle (in his directorial debut) and written by del Valle and llary Alencastre Pinilla.

## Synopsis

Three young people live the summer of a city that seems to be static. In their eagerness to "do something with their time" they find themselves in a situation that makes them know more about themselves and the worlds they inhabit.

## Cast

* JeanPhil Arrieta
* Pedro Pablo Corpancho
* Piera Del Campo
* Olivia Manrufo
* Norma Martinez

## Production

Much of the film was recorded in Lince, they started in April 2014 and filmed one week of each month. In total, the shoot lasted 18 days in 3 to 4 months.

## Release

The film had its world premiere at BAFICI in April 2016. A year later, the film had its commercial premiere in Peruvian theaters on April 20, 2017.

## Reception

Wik in its first and only week on the billboards it attracted 611 viewers to the theater.
# Poskea

Poskea is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Plantaginaceae.
It is native to Somalia, Socotra and Yemen.
The genus name of Poskea is in honour of Friedrich Poske (1852–1925), a German teacher and natural scientist in Berlin. It was first described and published in Linnaea Vol.43 on page 321 in 1882.

## Known species

According to Kew:
* Poskea africana Vatke
* Poskea socotrana (Balf.f.) G.Taylor
# Colleen Holder

Colleen Holder was a television news presenter and producer in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. Colleen graduated with a Bachelor of Arts Degree in Mass Communication with a major in Radio Production from the University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica, in 1997. She worked in the newsroom of Music Radio 97 for four years before moving to Tobago in 2002 to head the newsroom of Tobago Channel 5. She then moved back to Trinidad in July 2003 to become part of the news team at CCN TV6.
She anchored the flagship news broadcast for four years before resigning from TV6 in 2007.
Colleen was noticeably absent from the media for almost two years. In April 2009, she resurfaced on the state owned television station CNMG where she anchored the station's coverage of the Fifth Summit of the Americas. She was seen as the primary news anchor of the station's flagship morning programme, First Up, also serving as the station's weekend anchor and producer. In 2010, Holder resigned from the station in protest of the unjust dismissal of one of her First Up colleagues, frontline presenter, Fazeer Mohammed.
# Mart Ustav

Mart Ustav (born 12 July 1949) is an Estonian biomedical scientist.
Ustav was born Cherlak, Russian SFSR to Estonian parents who had been deported by Soviet authorities. The family were permitted to return to Estonia in 1956, following the death of Joseph Stalin and the Khrushchev Thaw. He attended primary and secondary schools in Tartu and graduated from the Department of Physics and Chemistry of Tartu State University in 1972. In 1979, he defended his doctoral degree in chemistry from the board of the Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.
He is teaching at the University of Tartu's Institute of Technology (since 2007 professor). His research interests have included the study of the papillomavirus, including its symbiosis with the host cell and molecular biology, the molecular basis for the episomal persistence of gene vectors in the development of a new generation of safe DNA vaccines, and the design of viruses and viral vectors.
From 2009 until 2014, he was the vice-president of Estonian Academy of Sciences.
In 2001, he was awarded with Order of the White Star, III class.
# Nicolle Gonzales

Nicolle Gonzales (born March 15, 1980, in Waterflow, New Mexico) is a Navajo certified midwife. She is currently in the process of opening the nation's first Native American birthing center in her home state, New Mexico.

## Biography

She studied at the University of New Mexico. She first received her bachelor's degree in nursing, followed by a master level midwifery degree. She is a member of the American College of Nurse-Midwives and is certified with the American Midwifery Certification Board.
Gonzales trained as a midwife after traumatic experiences during the birth of her first child. Gonzales lives in Santa Fe, New Mexico.

## Changing Woman Initiative (CWI)

Gonzales is the founder of Changing Woman Initiative, a non-profit organization which aims to improve the experience of childbirth for Indigenous women. The cost alone of child birth can range from $13,000 to $17,000, making it less available for rural, indigenous women. Gonzales aims to cut the costs of birth as well as providing other women's health services to help with the cost of women's health in general. Work has not yet started on the clinic, which is intended to cater to women with Medicaid insurance, or women with no insurance at all. Gonzales hopes to open the center on native land.
# Leśniki, Białystok County

Leśniki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tykocin, within Białystok County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south of Tykocin and 25 km (16 mi) west of the regional capital Białystok.
# Bartow, Germany

Bartow is a municipality in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. In June 2024 it absorbed the former municipality Breest.
# Ye Olde Man & Scythe

Ye Olde Man & Scythe is a public house on Churchgate in Bolton, England. The earliest recorded mention of its name is in a charter from 1251, making it one of the ten oldest public houses in Britain and the oldest in Bolton. The present form of the name, prefixed with "Ye Olde", is a pseudoarchaism derived from the Man and Scythe Inn; it derives from the crest of the Pilkington family, which consists of a reaper using a scythe, alluding to a tradition about one of the early members of the family.

## History

It is not known exactly when Ye Olde Man & Scythe was originally built, but a charter of 1251 permitting the market mentions it by name. It has been rebuilt at least once (1636 according to the datestone inside), and only the vaulted cellar remains of the original structure, though some internal beams remain from 1636. The frontage of the building is an early 20th-century remodelling. It is a Grade II listed building.
In 1651 the Earl of Derby was executed outside the Man & Scythe – owned at the time by his family – for his part in the Bolton Massacre. Outside is a cross on the site with a plaque that relates the story of Bolton through the ages. The pub contains a chair that the Earl of Derby supposedly sat on before being taken outside to be beheaded; its inscription reads "15th October 1651 In this chair James 7th Earl of Derby sat at the Man and Scythe Inn, Churchgate, Bolton immediately prior to his execution".

## Architecture

The inn has a timber frame and slate roof. The building, occupied by a public house and shop, has a four-window range each end of which is gabled. The two-storey public house occupies the central range and the right-hand gable, which has canted bay windows on each floor. There is a round-arched doorway into the public house and a three-light window to its left. On the first floor are two casement windows. The ground floor window frames and leaded windows date from the early 20th century; the doorway is older. The entry to the yard separates the pub and shop. The shop front in the left-hand gable has a doorway next to a canted oriel window and a two-light mullioned and transomed window above it. The shop front appears to date from the early 19th century.
# David R. Herndon

David Richard Herndon (born August 23, 1953) is a former United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Illinois.

## Education and career

Born in Sedalia, Missouri, Herndon received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Southern Illinois University Edwardsville in 1974 and a Juris Doctor from Southern Illinois University School of Law in 1977. He was in private practice from 1977 to 1991, and was an Associate Judge of the Third Judicial Circuit Court of the State of Illinois from 1991 to 1998.

## Federal judicial service

On April 23, 1998, Herndon was nominated by President Bill Clinton to a seat on the United States District Court for the Southern District of Illinois vacated by Judge William L. Beatty. Herndon was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 21, 1998, and received his commission on October 22, 1998. He served as Chief Judge of the district from 2007 to 2014. He announced his retirement from service, effective January 7, 2019. He retired from active service on January 7, 2019.