# 1920 United States census

The 1920 United States census, conducted by the Census Bureau during one month from January 5, 1920, determined the resident population of the United States to be 106,021,537, an increase of 15.0 percent over the 92,228,496 persons enumerated during the 1910 census.
The 1920 Census was determined for 1 January 1920. The actual date of the enumeration appears on the heading of each page of the census schedule, but all responses were to reflect the individual's status as of 1 January, even if the status had changed between 1 January and the day of enumeration.
Despite the constitutional requirement that House seats be reapportioned to the states respective of their population every ten years according to the census, members of Congress failed to agree on a reapportionment plan following this census, and the distribution of seats from the 1910 census remained in effect until 1933. In 1929, Congress passed the Reapportionment Act of 1929 which provided for a permanent method of reapportionment and fixed the number of representatives at 435.
This was the first census in which the United States recorded a population of more than 100 million. It was also the first census in which a state—New York—recorded a population of more than ten million.
This census also marked a significant population shift from rural to urban. According to the Census Bureau, "Beginning in 1910, the minimum population threshold to be categorized as an urban place was set at 2,500. "Urban" was defined as including all territory, persons, and housing units within an incorporated area that met the population threshold. The 1920 census marked the first time in which over 50 percent of the U.S. population was defined as "urban."

## Census questions

The 1920 census collected the following information:
* Age
* Marital status
* If foreign born, year of immigration to the U.S., whether naturalized and, if so, year of naturalization
* School attendance
* Literacy
* State of residence
* If foreign-born, the mother tongue
* Ability to speak English
* Occupation, industry, and class of worker
* Whether home owned or rented, and, if owned, whether free or mortgaged
Full documentation for the 1920 census, including census forms and enumerator instructions, is available from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series.

## State rankings

| Rank | State | Population as of 1920 census | Population as of 1910 census | Change | Percent change |
| 1 | New York | 10,385,227 | 9,113,614 | 1,271,613 | 14.0% |
| 2 | Pennsylvania | 8,720,017 | 7,665,111 | 1,054,906 | 13.8% |
| 3 | Illinois | 6,485,280 | 5,638,591 | 846,689 | 15.0% |
| 4 | Ohio | 5,759,394 | 4,767,121 | 992,273 | 20.8% |
| 5 | Texas | 4,663,228 | 3,896,542 | 766,686 | 19.7% |
| 6 | Massachusetts | 3,852,356 | 3,366,416 | 485,940 | 14.4% |
| 7 | Michigan | 3,668,412 | 2,810,173 | 858,239 | 30.5% |
| 8 | California | 3,426,865 | 2,377,549 | 1,049,312 | 44.1% |
| 9 | Missouri | 3,404,055 | 3,293,335 | 110,720 | 3.4% |
| 10 | New Jersey | 3,155,900 | 2,537,167 | 618,733 | 24.4% |
| 11 | Indiana | 2,930,390 | 2,700,876 | 229,514 | 8.5% |
| 12 | Georgia | 2,895,832 | 2,609,121 | 286,711 | 11.0% |
| 13 | Wisconsin | 2,632,067 | 2,333,860 | 298,207 | 12.8% |
| 14 | North Carolina | 2,559,123 | 2,206,287 | 352,836 | 16.0% |
| 15 | Kentucky | 2,416,630 | 2,289,905 | 126,725 | 5.5% |
| 16 | Iowa | 2,404,021 | 2,224,771 | 179,250 | 8.1% |
| 17 | Minnesota | 2,387,125 | 2,075,708 | 311,417 | 15.0% |
| 18 | Alabama | 2,348,174 | 2,138,093 | 210,081 | 9.8% |
| 19 | Tennessee | 2,337,885 | 2,184,789 | 153,096 | 7.0% |
| 20 | Virginia | 2,309,187 | 2,061,612 | 247,575 | 12.0% |
| 21 | Oklahoma | 2,028,283 | 1,657,155 | 371,128 | 22.4% |
| 22 | Louisiana | 1,798,509 | 1,656,388 | 142,121 | 8.6% |
| 23 | Mississippi | 1,790,618 | 1,797,114 | -6,496 | -0.4% |
| 24 | Kansas | 1,769,257 | 1,690,949 | 78,308 | 4.6% |
| 25 | Arkansas | 1,752,204 | 1,574,449 | 177,755 | 11.3% |
| 26 | South Carolina | 1,683,724 | 1,515,400 | 168,324 | 11.1% |
| 27 | West Virginia | 1,463,701 | 1,221,119 | 242,582 | 19.9% |
| 28 | Maryland | 1,449,661 | 1,295,346 | 154,315 | 11.9% |
| 29 | Connecticut | 1,380,631 | 1,114,756 | 265,875 | 23.9% |
| 30 | Washington | 1,356,621 | 1,141,990 | 214,631 | 18.8% |
| 31 | Nebraska | 1,296,372 | 1,192,214 | 104,158 | 8.7% |
| 32 | Florida | 968,470 | 752,619 | 215,851 | 28.7% |
| 33 | Colorado | 939,629 | 799,024 | 140,605 | 17.6% |
| 34 | Oregon | 783,389 | 672,765 | 110,624 | 16.4% |
| 35 | Maine | 768,014 | 742,371 | 25,643 | 3.5% |
| 36 | North Dakota | 646,872 | 577,056 | 69,816 | 12.1% |
| 37 | South Dakota | 636,547 | 583,888 | 52,659 | 9.0% |
| 38 | Rhode Island | 604,397 | 542,610 | 61,787 | 11.4% |
| 39 | Montana | 548,889 | 376,053 | 172,836 | 46.0% |
| 40 | Utah | 449,396 | 373,351 | 76,045 | 20.4% |
| 41 | New Hampshire | 443,083 | 430,572 | 12,511 | 2.9% |
| - | District of Columbia | 437,571 | 331,069 | 106,502 | 32.2% |
| 42 | Idaho | 431,866 | 325,594 | 106,272 | 32.6% |
| 43 | New Mexico | 360,350 | 327,301 | 33,049 | 10.1% |
| 44 | Vermont | 352,428 | 355,956 | -3,528 | -1.0% |
| 45 | Arizona | 334,162 | 204,354 | 129,808 | 63.5% |
| - | Hawaii | 255,881 | 191,874 | 64,007 | 33.4% |
| 46 | Delaware | 223,003 | 202,322 | 20,681 | 10.2% |
| 47 | Wyoming | 194,402 | 145,965 | 48,437 | 33.2% |
| 48 | Nevada | 77,407 | 81,875 | -4,468 | -5.5% |
| - | Alaska | 55,036 | 64,356 | -9,320 | 14.5% |

## Territories

United States Territories :
| Year of conquest or purchase | Territory | Population |
| 1867 | Alaska | 64,356 |
| 1898 | Hawaii | 255,881 |
| 1898 | Puerto Rico | 1,299,809 |
| 1898 | Guam | 13,275 |
| 1898 | Philippine Islands | 10,314,310 |
| 1899 | American Samoa | — |
| 1903 | Panama Canal Zone | — |
| 1915 | Haiti | — |
| 1916 | Santo Domingo | 894,652 |
| 1916 | US Virgin Islands | — |

## City rankings

| Rank | City | State | Population | Region (2016) |
| 01 | New York | New York | 5,620,048 | Northeast |
| 02 | Chicago | Illinois | 2,701,705 | Midwest |
| 03 | Philadelphia | Pennsylvania | 1,823,779 | Northeast |
| 04 | Detroit | Michigan | 993,078 | Midwest |
| 05 | Cleveland | Ohio | 796,841 | Midwest |
| 06 | St. Louis | Missouri | 772,897 | Midwest |
| 07 | Boston | Massachusetts | 748,060 | Northeast |
| 08 | Baltimore | Maryland | 733,826 | South |
| 09 | Pittsburgh | Pennsylvania | 588,343 | Northeast |
| 10 | Los Angeles | California | 576,673 | West |
| 11 | Buffalo | New York | 506,775 | Northeast |
| 12 | San Francisco | California | 506,676 | West |
| 13 | Milwaukee | Wisconsin | 457,147 | Midwest |
| 14 | Washington | District of Columbia | 437,571 | South |
| 15 | Newark | New Jersey | 414,524 | Northeast |
| 16 | Cincinnati | Ohio | 401,247 | Midwest |
| 17 | New Orleans | Louisiana | 387,219 | South |
| 18 | Minneapolis | Minnesota | 380,582 | Midwest |
| 19 | Kansas City | Missouri | 324,410 | Midwest |
| 20 | Seattle | Washington | 315,312 | West |
| 21 | Indianapolis | Indiana | 314,194 | Midwest |
| 22 | Jersey City | New Jersey | 298,103 | Northeast |
| 23 | Rochester | New York | 295,750 | Northeast |
| 24 | Portland | Oregon | 258,288 | West |
| 25 | Denver | Colorado | 256,491 | West |
| 26 | Toledo | Ohio | 243,164 | Midwest |
| 27 | Providence | Rhode Island | 237,595 | Northeast |
| 28 | Columbus | Ohio | 237,031 | Midwest |
| 29 | Louisville | Kentucky | 234,891 | South |
| 30 | Saint Paul | Minnesota | 234,698 | Midwest |
| 31 | Oakland | California | 216,261 | West |
| 32 | Akron | Ohio | 208,435 | Midwest |
| 33 | Atlanta | Georgia | 200,616 | South |
| 34 | Omaha | Nebraska | 191,601 | Midwest |
| 35 | Worcester | Massachusetts | 179,754 | Northeast |
| 36 | Birmingham | Alabama | 178,806 | South |
| 37 | Syracuse | New York | 171,717 | Northeast |
| 38 | Richmond | Virginia | 171,667 | South |
| 39 | New Haven | Connecticut | 162,537 | Northeast |
| 40 | Memphis | Tennessee | 162,351 | South |
| 41 | San Antonio | Texas | 161,379 | South |
| 42 | Dallas | Texas | 158,976 | South |
| 43 | Dayton | Ohio | 152,559 | Midwest |
| 44 | Bridgeport | Connecticut | 143,555 | Northeast |
| 45 | Houston | Texas | 138,276 | South |
| 46 | Hartford | Connecticut | 138,036 | Northeast |
| 47 | Scranton | Pennsylvania | 137,783 | Northeast |
| 48 | Grand Rapids | Michigan | 137,634 | Midwest |
| 49 | Paterson | New Jersey | 135,875 | Northeast |
| 50 | Youngstown | Ohio | 132,358 | Midwest |
| 51 | Springfield | Massachusetts | 129,614 | Northeast |
| 52 | Des Moines | Iowa | 126,468 | Midwest |
| 53 | New Bedford | Massachusetts | 121,217 | Northeast |
| 54 | Fall River | Massachusetts | 120,485 | Northeast |
| 55 | Trenton | New Jersey | 119,289 | Northeast |
| 56 | Nashville | Tennessee | 118,342 | South |
| 57 | Salt Lake City | Utah | 118,110 | West |
| 58 | Camden | New Jersey | 116,309 | Northeast |
| 59 | Norfolk | Virginia | 115,777 | South |
| 60 | Albany | New York | 113,344 | Northeast |
| 61 | Lowell | Massachusetts | 112,759 | Northeast |
| 62 | Wilmington | Delaware | 110,168 | South |
| 63 | Cambridge | Massachusetts | 109,694 | Northeast |
| 64 | Reading | Pennsylvania | 107,784 | Northeast |
| 65 | Fort Worth | Texas | 106,482 | South |
| 66 | Spokane | Washington | 104,437 | West |
| 67 | Kansas City | Kansas | 101,177 | Midwest |
| 68 | Yonkers | New York | 100,176 | Northeast |
| 69 | Lynn | Massachusetts | 99,148 | Northeast |
| 70 | Duluth | Minnesota | 98,917 | Midwest |
| 71 | Tacoma | Washington | 96,965 | West |
| 72 | Elizabeth | New Jersey | 95,783 | Northeast |
| 73 | Lawrence | Massachusetts | 94,270 | Northeast |
| 74 | Utica | New York | 94,156 | Northeast |
| 75 | Erie | Pennsylvania | 93,372 | Northeast |
| 76 | Somerville | Massachusetts | 93,091 | Northeast |
| 77 | Waterbury | Connecticut | 91,715 | Northeast |
| 78 | Flint | Michigan | 91,599 | Midwest |
| 79 | Jacksonville | Florida | 91,558 | South |
| 80 | Oklahoma City | Oklahoma | 91,295 | South |
| 81 | Schenectady | New York | 88,723 | Northeast |
| 82 | Canton | Ohio | 87,091 | Midwest |
| 83 | Fort Wayne | Indiana | 86,549 | Midwest |
| 84 | Evansville | Indiana | 85,264 | Midwest |
| 85 | Savannah | Georgia | 83,252 | South |
| 86 | Manchester | New Hampshire | 78,384 | Northeast |
| 87 | St. Joseph | Missouri | 77,939 | Midwest |
| 88 | Knoxville | Tennessee | 77,818 | South |
| 89 | El Paso | Texas | 77,560 | South |
| 90 | Bayonne | New Jersey | 76,754 | Northeast |
| 91 | Peoria | Illinois | 76,121 | Midwest |
| 92 | Harrisburg | Pennsylvania | 75,917 | Northeast |
| 93 | San Diego | California | 74,683 | West |
| 94 | Wilkes-Barre | Pennsylvania | 73,833 | Northeast |
| 95 | Allentown | Pennsylvania | 73,502 | Northeast |
| 96 | Wichita | Kansas | 72,217 | Midwest |
| 97 | Tulsa | Oklahoma | 72,075 | South |
| 98 | Troy | New York | 71,996 | Northeast |
| 99 | Sioux City | Iowa | 71,227 | Midwest |
| 100 | South Bend | Indiana | 70,983 | Midwest |

## Data availability

The original census enumeration sheets were microfilmed by the Census Bureau in the 1940s, after which the original sheets were destroyed. The microfilmed census is available in rolls from the National Archives and Records Administration. Several organizations also host images of the microfilmed census online, and digital indices.
Microdata from the 1920 census are freely available through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System.