OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Arne Magnussen

Arne Magnussen (31 March 1884 – 3 September 1970) was a Norwegian trade unionist, newspaper editor and politician for the Labour and the Social Democratic Labour parties.
He was elected to the Parliament of Norway from the urban constituency of Moss og Drøbak in 1919. In 1921, when the Social Democratic Labour Party split away from the Labour Party, he joined the Social Democrats and was re-elected in the newly created constituency Market towns of Østfold and Akershus. He was re-elected on one occasion in 1924, but not on the next occasion in 1927. In 1930, having rejoined the Labour Party, he was elected for the last time, and sat through the term which ended in 1933.
Born in Moss as the son of a school teacher, he started his career as a mail and newspaper carrier. He eventually became involved in making the newspapers, as editor-in-chief of Moss Socialdemokrat from 1913. He founded Ekstrabladet in 1920, which upon the party split in 1921 became a local organ for the Social Democratic Labour Party. It was later renamed Moss Arbeiderblad. He was editor-in-chief of that newspaper from 1922 until the party reconciliation in 1927. He then worked in the Labour Party newspaper Moss og Omegn Arbeiderblad until 1933. He chaired the trade union Norwegian Postal Organization, a forerunner of Postkom, from 1919 to 1923. He took part at the founding congress of the Labour and Socialist International in 1923; the other Norwegian delegates were Magnus Nilssen, Michael Puntervold and Olav Kringen.
In 1933 he became burgomaster of Moss city. He had been a member of the city council from 1910 to 1933, serving as deputy mayor in 1916-1918, 1930 and 1931–1933 and as mayor from 1922 to 1925. In 1939 his title was renamed rådmann (chief administrative officer). He stayed in this position until after the Second World War, with a break from 1 May 1944 to January 1946. He was also a member of several public committees, including the school board and the poor relief. He was also a member of the National Impeachment Court (Riksrett) during the 1926–1927 impeachment case against Abraham Berge.
Magnussen was also active in the temperance movement. He died in 1970.
# Frank "The Tank"

Frank "The Tank" or Frank the Tank may refer to:
* Frank Pritchard, Australian rugby league player
* Frank Kaminsky, American professional basketball player
* Frank "The Tank" Ricard, a character from the 2003 film Old School, portrayed by Will Ferrell
# Musk pig

The Musk pig also known as Neuralink pig, refers to a demonstration by Elon Musk's company Neuralink in August 2020. In the demonstration, a pig named Gertrude was implanted with a Neuralink Brain–computer interface (BCI), the size of a coin (23 millimeters), with the purpose of showing the progress the company had made in developing a BCI that could one day help treat neurological conditions, enable brain-to-machine communication, and potentially enhance human cognition.

## Demonstration

In August 2020, in a live demo, Gertrude’s brain activity was displayed in real time. Neuralink device implanted in Gertrude's brain recorded signals from the neurons connected to her snout as it interacted with its environment, such as when it sniffed or touched things. The device is removable. The data showed that the technology could read and interpret brain signals, which is key to developing applications that could help people with dementia, paralysis, memory loss, Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injuries and other neurological challenges.
The demonstration also had 2 other pigs. One of the pig had once had a Neuralink chip implanted in its brain and subsequently removed to demonstrate that the chip can be safely removed without affecting the health of the pigs negatively. The third pig had not had a chip implanted in its brain at all, even in the past. The aim of the third was for comparison to show that show a similarity in health and behavior of both implanted and non-implanted pigs.

## Aim

Musk envisioned this as a step toward making BCIs mainstream, with future versions potentially allowing humans to control computers or devices with their minds. Other functionalities it aimed to achieve was restore lost sensory and motor functions, and possibly achieve advanced capabilities, like uploading thoughts or interfacing directly with artificial intelligence.

## Concerns

Concerns about Neuralink include animal welfare regarding ethical treatment and safety in testing. For humans, risks involve potential complications from brain surgery, like infection or long-term damage.Additionally, privacy issues arise as brain data could be vulnerable to misuse or hacking, raising security concerns about how such sensitive information would be protected.
# Demographic window

The Demographic Window is defined to be that period of time in a nation's demographic evolution when the proportion of population of working age group is particularly prominent. This occurs when the demographic architecture of a population becomes younger and the percentage of people able to work reaches its height. Typically, the demographic window of opportunity lasts for 30–40 years depending upon the country. Because of the mechanical link between fertility levels and age structures, the timing and duration of this period is closely associated to those of fertility decline: when birth rates fall, the age pyramid first shrinks with gradually lower proportions of young population (under 15s) and the dependency ratio decreases as is happening (or happened) in various parts of East Asia over several decades. After a few decades, low fertility however causes the population to get older and the growing proportion of elderly people inflates again the dependency ratio as is observed in present-day Europe.
The exact technical boundaries of definition may vary. The UN Population Department has defined it as period when the proportion of children and youth under 15 years falls below 30 per cent and the proportion of people 65 years and older is still below 15 per cent. The Global Data Lab released an alternative classification of phases:
Definition of Global Data Lab Demographic Window Phases :
| Phase | Under 15 (%) | Over 64 (%) |
| Traditional | >40 | - |
| Pre-window | 30-40 | - |
| Early-window | 25-30 | - |
| Mid-window | 20-25 | - |
| Late-window | <20 | <15 |
| Post-window | - | >15 |
Europe's demographic window lasted from 1950 to 2000. It began in China in 1990 and is expected to last until 2015. India is expected to enter the demographic window in 2010, which may last until the middle of the present century. Much of Africa will not enter the demographic window until 2045 or later.
Societies who have entered the demographic window have smaller dependency ratio (ratio of dependents to working-age population) and therefore the demographic potential for high economic growth as favorable dependency ratios tend to boost savings and investments in human capital. But this so-called "demographic bonus" (or demographic dividend) remains only a potential advantage as low participation rates (for instance among women) or rampant unemployment may limit the impact of favorable age structures.
For a list of demographic windows of other nations check the UN link in References.
# Erlend Svardal Bøe

Erlend Svardal Bøe (born 30 December 1992) is a Norwegian politician.
Bøe was a member of Tromsø city council from 2015 to 2021. He was elected representative to the Storting from the constituency of Troms for the period 2021–2025, for the Conservative Party.
He was secretary-general for Unge Høyre (the Norwegian Young Conservatives) from 2015 to 2017. In 2021 he was state secretary at the Ministry of Health.
# John L. Woolford Jr.

John L. Woolford Jr. is an American biologist currently at Carnegie Mellon University and an Elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He was the Head of the Department of Biological Science from 2008 to 2010, and again from 2014 to 2016.
Woolford received his B.A in Chemistry from Rice University in 1971, and his Ph.D. from Duke University in 1976.
# Ola Elvestuen

Ola Elvestuen (born 9 October 1967) is a Norwegian politician for the Liberal Party who served as Minister of Climate and the Environment from 2018 to 2020. He was also the party's deputy leader from 2008 to 2020 (2008–2012 as second deputy and 2012–2020 as first deputy), and has been an MP for Oslo since 2013.

## Personal life

He is married to Greta Elvestuen.
He is a younger brother of illustrator Per Elvestuen.

## Political career
### Party politics

In 2008, he became second deputy leader of his party, and then first deputy in 2012, which he was until 2020.

### Local politics

On the local level Elvestuen was a member of Oslo city council from 2003 to 2015, and served as city commissioner for public transport and environmental affairs from 2011 until his election to Parliament in 2013.

### Parliament

Elvestuen was a member of the Storting from Oslo in 2013, and served as leader of the Energy and the Environment Committee since 2013. He has been re-elected to Parliament since.
Prior to this, he served as a deputy representative to the Storting from Oslo from 2001 to 2013.

### Minister of Climate and the Environment

After the Liberal Party entered the Solberg Cabinet, Elvestuen was appointed minister of climate and the environment on 17 January 2018, succeeding the Conservatives' Vidar Helgesen.
In April 2018, he announced that the government would be adding 2 million NOK to the "Fishing for litter" scheme for 2018, in response to plastic being discovered at a bird mountain in Runde.
In June, he announced that the government would approve the establishment of Lofotodden National Park in Nordland county, which had been proposed by both Moskenes Municipality and Flakstad Municipality.
In October, he praised Mattvett and Findus' advertisements at the Oslo train station, which showed that 335 000 tons of food is wasted a year. He notably praised them for raising awareness of food wasting and called on consumers to help reduce food waste.
In May 2019, Elvestuen expressed his disagreement with his Brazilian counterpart, Ricardo Salles, who had stated that Norway's billion contribution to the Amazon rain forest fund was futile. Elvestuen stated: "The fund as a whole has certainly contributed to reduced deforestation. Norway's cooperation with Brazil is results-based. All Norwegian funds are a reward for reducing deforestation".
Elvestuen was among the non-Progress Party ministers to be dismissed on 24 January 2020 alongside the Progress Party ministers, who stepped down as a result of their party withdrawing from government. He was succeeded by fellow Liberal Party member Sveinung Rotevatn.
In her self biography released in 2021 after her resignation, Siv Jensen described Elvestuen as the "most active cabinet member who wanted to tear down the coalition's cooperation". She also said that he demanded many postponed government conferences "by many hours" and "never gave up". Elvestuen refused to comment Jensen's recollection of him, but notes that there was hard fighting for many issues such as climate change, nature and drug reform.
# Chidambara Rahasiyam

Chidambara Ragasiyam (transl. secret of Chidambaram) is a Hindu belief that there is a secret message conveyed through the embossed figure near the shrine of Shiva in the Chidambaram Temple.
Since ancient times, it is believed that this is the place where Shiva and his consort Parvati are present, but invisible to most people. In the temple, Chidambara Ragasya is hidden behind a curtain (symbolic of Maya). Worship, or darshan is possible only when priests open the curtain for special pujas. Behind the curtain are golden leaves, as from the Aegle Marmelos tree, signifying the presence of Shiva and Parvati. It is believed that saints can see the gods in their physical form.
# All in a Day

All in a Day is a 1986 children's picture book written and illustrated by Mitsumasa Anno. It features illustrations by Anno and several other internationally known illustrators: Eric Carle, Raymond Briggs, Nicolai Ye. Popov, Akiko Hayashi, Gian Calvi, Leo and Diane Dillon, Zhu Chengliang and Ron Brooks.

## Description

Ten artists illustrate the simultaneous moments on January 1 in the lives of children in nine locations on Earth. Information about planetary rotation, world time zones and seasons follows the inviting full-colour wordless picture vignettes.
The inspiration for this book arose when Anno was overwhelmed by "the finest sunset on earth" at Uskudar in Istanbul. Anno then realized that the sun which was just setting in front of him was at the very same time, a rising sun in some other country. This meant that this same sun was going down in a country at war and at that same time, it was rising in a country at peace.

## Review

School Library Journal said it was "a great success at conveying the warmth, richness, and variety of people" and Booklist noted that it "promotes peace and mutual understanding among children around the world."
# Sonja Mandt

Sonja Mandt (born 29 March 1960, in Larvik) is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.
She was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Vestfold in 2005.
On the local Mandt held various positions in Larvik municipality council from 1995 to 2007, having also served as a deputy member from 1991 to 1995. She chaired the local party chapter from 2001 to 2004 and the regional chapter from 2000. Since 1997 she is a member of the Labour Party national board.
She graduated from Vestfold University College in 1995 and has worked as a nurse.
# Martin Kolberg

Martin Kolberg (born 24 February 1949) is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party. He served as the party secretary from 2002 until 2009 and an MP from Buskerud from 2009 until 2021.
He was elected to the Parliament of Norway in 2009 and led the Standing Committee on Scrutiny and Constitutional Affairs from 2013 to 2017.

## Early life and education

Kolberg was born in the city of Drammen, Buskerud. He is the son of railroad worker Kjell O. J. Kolberg (1921–) and homemaker Ruth Utengen (1921–2006). After finishing primary school, Kolberg attended Oslo Technical College, but later dropped out. He since completed training as an electrician. He held a variety of jobs, including mailman, lab assistant at a cable wire factory and also as assistant at the local shoe-factory.

## Political career

Kolberg served as a deputy representative in the Norwegian Parliament from 1977 to 1981. He served as a deputy representative for the second time from 2001 to 2005, and met regularly from 1 October to 19 October 2001 while Thorbjørn Jagland was Minister of Foreign Affairs. In total he met 144 days as a deputy.
From 13 July 1995 to 25 October 1996, Kolberg was state secretary at the Office of the Prime Minister under the third cabinet Brundtland. When the new cabinet Jagland was announced, it became clear that the new prime minister, Thorbjørn Jagland, who was also Kolberg's childhood friend, had discarded him as state secretary. Kolberg reacted with anger and frustration, and the media portrayed the matter as Jagland firing his best friend. Jagland stated that "Martin had wanted to work for Gro [Harlem Brundtland] ... I really wanted him to work as party secretary". To Kolberg's reaction, Jagland stated: "I followed an agreement between us, and I thought he did not want the job. I am very surprised by his reaction". Jagland further stated that it was all a misunderstanding, because he Jagland thought that Kolberg did not want to work with "the Norwegian House". Five days later, Kolberg was appointed state secretary in the Ministry of Defence, where he remained until the cabined withdrew on 17 October 1997, following the defeat in the 1997 election.
From 2002 to 2009, he served as the party secretary of the Labour Party, when he stepped down in order to stand in the 2009 election. He was succeeded by Raymond Johansen. Several others were seen as candidates for the post, including Trond Giske and Bjarne Håkon Hanssen.
# Dungeons & Dragons Game (1991 boxed set)

The New Easy-to-Master Dungeons & Dragons Game is an introductory set for the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game, published by TSR, Inc. in 1991. It was a replacement for the previous Dungeons & Dragons Basic Set, serving to introduce new players to the game, using the rule set previously established.

## Contents

The rules are presented twice, once in a 64-page rule book and again in the Dungeon Card Learning Pack. Inspired by the SRA reading program, the pack is a set of 48 cards that also includes four-page supplementary mini-adventures. The front of each card features a discussion of a single facet of the rules, such as non-player characters, hit dice, or initiative rolls. The back of the card describes a brief scenario to illustrate the rules discussed on the front. The four-page mini-adventures that pop up in the card pack at regular intervals incorporate the rules discussed up to that point into a linked series of encounters that give a beginning Dungeon Master a chance to hone his skills. The encounters include directions for setting up character pawns on the map, boxed text to be read to the players, and a list of responses to the probable actions of the PCs. The set also includes a Dungeon Master's Screen, fold-up cardboard pawns, a color map sheet, and dice.

## Publication history

Design was by Troy Denning, and the rule book written by Timothy B. Brown. The cover was by Jeff Easley, with interior illustrations by Terry Dykstra. It was reissued in 1994 with different cover art and box shape. This version was entitled The Classic Dungeons & Dragons Game.

## Reception

Gene Alloway reviewed the Dungeons & Dragons complete boxed edition roleplaying game in White Wolf #34 (Jan./Feb., 1993), rating it a 4 out of 5 and stated that "This is the best introductory game for roleplaying I have seen. It is a complete starter kit, right down to the dice. It is a quality product, and one needed by the hobby for a while. In addition, the board, scenarios and pieces help a new player make the transition between traditional board games and the wide world of roleplaying."
# Splenius capitis muscle

The splenius capitis (/ˈspliːniəs ˈkæpɪtɪs/) (from Greek splēníon 'bandage' and Latin caput 'head') is a broad, straplike muscle in the back of the neck. It pulls on the base of the skull from the vertebrae in the neck and upper thorax. It is involved in movements such as shaking the head.

## Structure

It arises from the lower half of the nuchal ligament, from the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra, and from the spinous processes of the upper three or four thoracic vertebrae.
The fibers of the muscle are directed upward and laterally and are inserted, under cover of the sternocleidomastoideus, into the mastoid process of the temporal bone, and into the rough surface on the occipital bone just below the lateral third of the superior nuchal line. The splenius capitis is deep to sternocleidomastoideus at the mastoid process, and to the trapezius for its lower portion. It is one of the muscles that forms the floor of the posterior triangle of the neck.
The splenius capitis muscle is innervated by the posterior ramus of spinal nerves C3 and C4.

## Function

The splenius capitis muscle is a prime mover for head extension. The splenius capitis can also allow lateral flexion and rotation of the cervical spine.

## Additional images

* Muscles of the neck. Lateral view.
* Splenius capitis muscle
* Splenius muscle
* Splenius and Semispinalis
# 1596 in Ireland

Events from the year 1596 in Ireland.

## Incumbent

* Monarch: Elizabeth I

## Events

* June – Sir John Norreys and Sir Geoffrey Fenton travel from England to Connacht to parley with the local lords.
* An envoy of King Philip II of Spain arrives to make inquiries of survivors of the Spanish Armada in Ireland but is successful in only eight cases.

## Deaths

* Donald McCarthy, Earl of Clancare, noble.
# Bugsy Nyskohus

Bohdan "Bugsy" Nyskohus OAM (born 28 June 1950) is an Australian former soccer player who played as a defender. He began his career with South Australian team USC Lion before playing 13 years in the National Soccer League (NSL) for Adelaide City. He is the older brother of fellow Australia national soccer team player John Nyskohus and USC Lion player Peter Nyskohus.

## Club career

Nyskohus was born in Woodside, South Australia. He began his senior football career with Ukrainian Sports Club Lion in the South Australian State League.
Nyskohus started playing soccer when he was 13 years old with the Ukrainian Lion Soccer Club (USC). By the time he was 18 in 1968, he was playing state league level with USC and played his first game for the South Australian State team. He is a life member of the South Australia Soccer Federation, Adelaide City and USC Lion. He later played for and captained Adelaide City in the Australian National Soccer League (NSL) between 1977 and 1989.
Nyskohus won the West End Medal for player of the year award in 1971.
Nyskohus played in all of the first 13 seasons of the NSL, becoming the first person to play 300 NSL games. In total Bugsy played 446 games for Adelaide City, 300 of which were NSL.
"Bugsy without doubt is a legend of the game in South Australia with his consistently calm and controlled performance in defence each week being exceptional."
Nyskohus was awarded an OAM for services to soccer in 1991.
After retiring from national League, Nyskohus coached White City Beograd in the State League, 1st Division for 4 years (1992-1995).
In 2003, Nyskohus was inducted into the inaugural South Australian Soccer Federation Hall of Fame, in the Hall of Champions for outstanding performance.

## State representative career

Nyskohus holds the record for the most appearances for the South Australia state team, playing 66 times.

## International career

Nyskohus played three full international matches for Australia, making his debut against New Zealand in a friendly in Jakarta. He also played in two B-international matches for Australia against a touring Wolverhampton Wanderers team.

## Statistics

| Team/ Club | Games Played |
| Adelaide City (State and NSL) | 446 |
| South Australian State Team | 66 |
| USC Lion | 279 |
| White City Woodville | 50 |
# Charles Keeble

Charles Keeble (born 6 January 1934) is an Australian former figure skater who competed at the 1956 Winter Olympics. He scored 123.93 points and finished 16th out of 16 competitors in the men's individual event.
# Clark Scarff

Clark Steven Scarff (born 19 November 1948) is a former Australian cricketer who played four first-class matches for Western Australia. From Perth, Scarff made his first-class debut in a Sheffield Shield match against Victoria in February 1970, the last match of the 1969–70 season. Batting third behind Derek Chadwick and Terry Prindiville, he scored a half-century—67 runs—on debut, featuring in a 131-run partnership with Chadwick for the second wicket. Scarff's three other first-class matches came early in the following Sheffield Shield season. Elevated to the opening position with Chadwick, he failed to score heavily, and did not play at state level again. At grade cricket level, Scarff played for Melville, and served as the club's captain-coach for the 1974–75 season. After retiring from playing, he worked for a time as a financial planner, and later moved to Geraldton, where he opened a management training and consulting firm.