OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nirmla Kumari Shaktawat

Nirmla Kumari Shaktawat is a former member of Lok Sabha. She represented Chittorgarh twice elected as candidate of Indian National Congress. She was born in 1938 and had studied at M.B. College, Udaipur. She served as professor of Sociology at University of Rajasthan from 1961 to 1972. In 1972 she entered politics and was elected to Rajasthan Legislative Assembly. She was elected to the seventh and 8th Lok Sabha in 1980 and again in 1984.
# Lateral internal sphincterotomy

Lateral internal sphincterotomy is an operation performed on the internal anal sphincter muscle for the treatment of chronic anal fissure. The internal anal sphincter is one of two muscles that comprise the anal sphincter which controls the passage of feces. The procedure helps by lowering the resting pressure of the internal anal sphincter, which improves blood supply to the fissure and allows faster healing. The procedure has been shown to be very effective, with 96% of fissures healing at a median of 3 weeks in one trial.

## Indications

Lateral internal sphincterotomy is the preferred method of surgery for persons with chronic anal fissures, and is generally used when medical therapy has failed. It is associated with a lower rate of side effects than older techniques such as posterior internal sphincterotomy and anoplasty, and has also been shown to be superior to topical glyceryl trinitrate (GTN 0.2% ointment) in long term healing of fissures, with no difference in fecal continence.

## Surgical technique

Lateral internal sphincterotomy is a minor operation which can be carried out under either local or general anaesthesia; a report in 1981 showed that general anaesthesia is preferable due to high rates of fissure recurrence in patients treated under local anaesthesia. This operation is generally carried out as a day case procedure. It can be performed with either "open" or "closed" techniques:
* the open technique involves making an incision across the intersphincteric groove, separating the internal sphincter from the anal mucosa by blunt dissection, and dividing the internal sphincter using scissors.
* the closed technique or subcutaneous technique involves making a small incision at the intersphincteric groove, inserting a scalpel with the blade parallel to the internal sphincter and advancing it along the intersphincteric groove, and then rotating the scalpel towards the internal sphincter and dividing it.
In both techniques the lower one third to one half of the internal sphincter is divided, to lower the resting pressure without destroying the effect of the sphincter. The closed technique results in a smaller wound, but both techniques appear to be similarly effective.

## Complications

* Minor fecal incontinence and difficulty controlling flatulence are common side effects following surgery. Persistent minor fecal incontinence has been reported in 1.2% to 35% of patients; however, this does not appear to be significantly different to the rate of minor fecal incontinence experienced by patients treated with topical GTN.
* Hemorrhage can occur, more often with the open technique, and may require suture ligation.
* Perianal abscess occurs in about 1% of closed sphincterotomies, generally in association with anal fistula caused by a breach of the anal mucosa by the scalpel. Incision and drainage of the abscess and fistulotomy are required.
# Granville James

Granville James (birth unknown) is a Welsh former rugby union, and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1940s and 1950s. He played club level rugby union (RU) for Newbridge RFC, and representative level rugby league (RL) for Wales and Other Nationalities, and at club level for Hunslet, as a loose forward.

## Rugby union club career

Four players from Newbridge RFC left to play rugby league for the 1949–50 Northern Rugby Football League season, they were; Tommy Harris to Hull FC, Bill Hopkin to Hull FC, Granville James to Hunslet and Glyn Meredith to Wakefield Trinity.

## International honours

Granville James won 5 caps for Wales (RL) in 1950–1953 while at Hunslet, and won 1 cap for Other Nationalities (RL) while at Hunslet in the 32-19 victory over France at Hilton Park, Leigh on Monday 19 September 1955.
# Japan National Route 396

National Route 396 (国道396号, Kokudō 396-gō) is a national highway of Japan connecting Tōno, Iwate and Morioka, Iwate in Japan, with a total length of 58.7 km (36.47 mi).

## Route description

Route 396 is a two-lane highway that winds through the hills of Western Tōno, eastern Hanamaki, eastern Shiwa and enters southern Morioka following the Kitakami River. In the steeper hills of Hanamaki and Tōno, there are generous passing lanes on the uphill stretches going both ways.
In Shiwa, there are fruit and vegetable stands in season along the roadside and several excellent restaurants can be found in and close to Morioka. On the Tōno end, 396 passes the Chiba Family Farmhouse. There is a tunnel approximately one kilometer long in Tōno under the Kotōge Pass.

## Intersections

In Tōno, Route 396 begins at National Route 283 in Ayaori. In the Miyamori section of Tōno, there is an intersection with Prefectural Roads 160 and 161. 161 leads to the northeast through Tsukimoushi and 160 leads southwest over the Tase Dam.
In Hanamaki, Route 396 intersects with Prefectural Road 43 at two different places in Ohasama and shares about a half-kilometer of roadway. 43 South leads to Towa while 43 North leads to Lake Hayachine. There is also an intersection with Prefectural Road 102 which goes to Ishidoriya.
In Shiwa, Route 396 intersects with Prefectural Road 228 which joins National Route 456. 396 crosses Prefectural Road 25 near the Shiwa Road Station. 25 West leads to central Shiwa and 25 east leads to Lake Hayachine after a winding and torturous ascent of Arikabe Toge Pass.
In Morioka, Route 396 joins Prefectural Road 208 in two places. 208 West crosses National Route 4 and leads to Yahaba Station. There is also an intersection with Prefectural Road 36. 36 East leads to National Route 106 while 36 West crosses National Route 4 and leads to the Morioka Minami Interchange of the Tōhoku Expressway.
# Sharifah Mazlina

Sharifah Mazlina binti Syed Abdul Kadir (born 23 May 1965) is a Malaysian woman solo explorer and Universiti Teknologi Mara lecturer. In 2004, she became the first Asian woman to travel to the South Pole. She reached the North Pole in 2007.

## Controversies

Sharifah Mazlina received the title of 'Darjah Mahkota Johor Yang Amat Mulia Pangkat Pertama Dato' Sri Paduka Mahkota Johor (SPMJ)' in November 2005 and 'Pangkat Kedua Dato' Paduka Mahkota Johor (DPMJ)' in March 2004.
On 18 December 2019, Johor Royal court council stated her titles were revoked by Sultan of Johor since 2010 thus she no longer has the right to use it.
# Harley-Davidson Tri Glide Ultra Classic

The Harley-Davidson Tri Glide Ultra Classic is a three-wheeled motorcycle manufactured by Harley-Davidson and introduced in the 2009 model year. Its model designation is FLHTCUTG.

## History

The Tri Glide Ultra Classic is the first three-wheeled motorcycle produced by Harley-Davidson since the Harley-Davidson Servi-Car, which was manufactured from 1932 to 1973.
The Tri Glide is based on the Harley-Davidson Electra Glide Ultra Classic, a conventional two-wheeled touring motorcycle. Harley-Davidson entered into an agreement in 2008 with Lehman Trikes of Spearfish, South Dakota to provide parts and "conversion services", and final assembly of the Tri Glides was initially completed at Lehman's facility. Company owner John Lehman died in January, 2012, and the Tri Glides are now assembled at the Harley-Davidson plant in York, Pennsylvania. Shortly after the product introduction, a Tri Glide led the way in the parade at the Inauguration of Barack Obama on January 20, 2009.
Harley-Davidson briefly offered a second trike model called the Street Glide Trike with fewer standard features, starting in the 2010 model year. The Street Glide Trike is no longer manufactured.
Harley released a new trike model in 2015, the Harley-Davidson Freewheeler.

## Target market

At first because of its inherent stability, the Tri Glide, like other three-wheeled motorcycles, was marketed to motorcycle riders who were experiencing health problems due to aging or injuries, and to female riders.

## Features

The Tri Glide is powered by a 114 cu in (1,870 cc) overhead valve V-twin engine that produces a claimed 120 ft lbs of torque and 93 rear wheel horsepower, and is equipped with a six speed transmission. The engine has electronic fuel injection. Electric powered reverse was available as an option when the Tri Glide was introduced, but later became a standard feature. Electronic cruise control is standard.
# John W. V. Cordice

John Walter Vincent Cordice, Jr. (June 16, 1919 – December 29, 2013) was an American doctor and surgeon who is most notable for operating on Martin Luther King Jr. to save his life after a 1958 assassination attempt.

## Early life

Cordice was born on June 16, 1919 in Durham, North Carolina. He moved to New York in order to study at NYU for undergrad and New York University School of Medicine. His father, also a doctor, practiced at Lincoln Hospital in North Carolina. The elder Cordice was born in St. Vincent, West Indies and died in 1958.

## Medical career

Cordice joined the Army in 1943 and served as the official physician for the Tuskegee Airmen. While in the Army, he spent a year in France, where he assisted in that country's first open heart surgery. Cordice worked at Harlem Hospital for forty years, rising to the position of chief of thoracic surgery.
On September 20, 1958, Martin Luther King Jr. was attacked with a paper knife by Izola Curry. Cordice, along with doctors Aubre Maynard, Farrow Allen and Emil Naclerio, were called in to operate. Cordice mapped out a strategy which successfully saved King's life. He was the subject of the book When Harlem Nearly Killed King: The 1958 Stabbing of Dr. Martin Luther King, by Hugh Pearson.

## Private life

Cordice resided in Harlem and later Queens. On December 29, 2013, he died of natural causes at the age of 95, in Iowa.
# Alan Cohen

Alan Phillip Cohen (born October 5, 1954) is an American businessman, best known for his ownership of the Florida Panthers hockey team and his founding of several generic pharmaceutical companies, most notably the Davie, Florida-based Andrx Corp. Cohen.

## Biography

In 1984, he founded the drug distribution firm Best Generics Inc. and sold it to Florida's Ivax Corporation in 1988 for $10 million although he stayed on as President until 1990. In 1992, he founded Andrx Pharmaceuticals Inc., which he led as CEO to its inclusion in the Nasdaq100 in 1999. In 1996, the company went public at $12 and its stock eventually soared as high as $400 a share split adjusted. In October 2000, he left the company to purchase the Florida Panthers. In 2002, he created Abrika Pharmaceuticals Inc. in Sunrise, Florida. Four years later, he sold it for $235 million to Actavis Group, an international generic drug company in Iceland.

### Florida Panthers

He was the majority owner of the NHL's Florida Panthers from 2001 to 2009.

### Horse racing and breeding

Since 2003, he has been racing and breeding horses on his Arindel Farm in Ocala, Florida. One of his horses, Wait A While, competed in a Breeder's Cup race at Churchill Downs in 2006. She went on to become United States Champion 3 year old filly in 2006.

## Personal life

He and his wife, Karen, live in Weston, Florida. He is of Jewish descent.
# Henry Pelham-Clinton, 7th Duke of Newcastle

Henry Pelham Archibald Douglas Pelham-Clinton, 7th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne (28 September 1864 – 30 May 1928), was an English nobleman, styled Earl of Lincoln until 1879.

## Biography

Henry was educated at Eton College and then Magdalen College, Oxford.
He held a number of local offices appropriate to his rank and station, such as High Steward of Retford, Master Forester of Dartmoor and Keeper of St Briavel's Castle.
He had poor health and played only a small part in public life. As a staunch Anglo-Catholic he spoke on ecclesiastical issues in the House of Lords.
One of his achievements was the restoration of the fortunes of his family estate. In 1879 a serious fire destroyed much of Clumber House; he had it magnificently rebuilt to designs by the younger Charles Barry. The Duke was actively involved in the rebuilding process, and in particular in the design and building of the magnificent St Mary the Virgin Chapel in the grounds. He was also responsible for the establishment of the Clumber Choir School. His Thames Valley estate was at Forest Farm in Winkfield. He was also a president of the Church of England Society for the Maintenance of the Faith.
Some of the 7th Duke's personal papers are now held at Manuscripts and Special Collections, The University of Nottingham.

## Family

He was married to Kathleen Florence May Candy in 1889.

## Coat of arms

Coat of arms of Henry Pelham-Clinton, 7th Duke of Newcastle :
* CoronetA coronet of an Duke
* Crest1st, out of a ducal coronet gules, a plume of five ostrich feathers argent, banded azure ; 2nd, a peacock in pride proper.
* EscutcheonQuarterly: 1st and 4th argent, six cross crosslets, three, two and one, sable, on a chief azure two mullets pierced gules (Clinton); 2nd and 3rd, quarterly, 1st and 4th azure, three pelicans vulning themselves argent; and 2nd and 3rd gules, two pieces of belts with buckles erect in pale, the buckles upwards argent (Pelham).
* SupportersTwo greyhounds argent collared and lined gules.
* MottoLoyaulté n'a honte Loyalty knows not shame
# Japan National Route 397

National Route 397 is a national highway of Japan connecting Ōfunato, Iwate and Yokote, Akita in Japan, with a total length of 137.8 km (85.62 mi).
# Charles Paliard

Charles-Henri Paliard (born 26 April 1968) is a French former ice dancer. With Doriane Bontemps, he won bronze at the 1985 World Junior Championships, after placing sixth a year earlier. They won two senior international medals — bronze at the 1985 Nebelhorn Trophy and silver at the 1985 Grand Prix International St. Gervais.
# Stuart Meaker

Stuart Christopher Meaker (born 21 January 1989) is a former cricketer who played for Surrey and Sussex. His family came to England from South Africa in 2001, and he was educated at Cranleigh School. For cricketing purposes he is regarded as English. He is categorised by CricketArchive and Cricinfo as a right-arm fast medium bowler and a right-handed batsman. However, according to a 2011 article in The Observer in 2009 he was timed by the speed guns at the ECB's indoor school in Loughborough at 94 miles per hour (151 km/h), the highest figure for any bowler measured there. Surrey's coach Ian Salisbury said of him: "He's always been able to bowl quick and he is a 90mph bowler, but he can also swing the ball, conventionally or reverse later on."
He played in two "Test" matches for the English U-19 cricket team in 2007. He also played in six Under-19 limited overs internationals, of which the last two were in the Under-19 World Cup in Malaysia in 2007–8.
He made his first-class debut for Surrey against Loughborough UCCE in a match that began on 12 April 2008. He did not bat, but took one wicket for 53 runs. He made his List A debut for Surrey against Sussex on 28 May 2008, but did not bat or bowl.
The end of 2008 saw him off to Australia where he played for a club side in Sydney, before returning to play with Surrey. His 2009 season at Surrey saw him significantly improve both his batting and bowling figures.
In September 2011, he was called into England's squad for a one-day series in India later in the year. He had taken only 19 List A wickets at the time of his selection. He made his England One Day International debut on the tour, taking a wicket in the process.
In early November 2012 he was added to the England squad touring India, as cover for the injured Steven Finn. In December he was selected for his first Twenty20 International.
In January 2020, Surrey confirmed that they had released Meaker from his contract, and that he was to join Sussex on a two-year deal.
# George Fairfield

George Clark Fairfield (24 June 1912 – 9 November 1978) was a Progressive Conservative member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was a physician and surgeon by career, after graduating from the University of Manitoba.
He was first elected at the Portage—Neepawa riding in the 1957 general election and re-elected for a second term in the 1958 election, serving in the 23rd and 24th Parliaments. He served as a backbench supporter of Prime Minister John Diefenbaker's government. After finishing his second term, Fairfield did not campaign for further terms in federal office.
# Moonrakers

Moonrakers is the colloquial name for people from Wiltshire, a county in the West Country of England.

## Legend

This name refers to a folk story set in the time when smuggling was a significant industry in rural England, with Wiltshire lying on the smugglers' secret routes between the south coast and customers in the centre of the country.
The story goes that some local people had hidden contraband barrels of French brandy from customs officers in a village pond. While trying to retrieve it at night, they were caught by the revenue men, but explained themselves by pointing to the moon's reflection and saying they were trying to rake in a round cheese. The revenue men, thinking they were simple yokels, laughed at them and went on their way. But, as the story goes, it was the moonrakers who had the last laugh. In the words of Wiltshire shepherd William Little who recounted the story to writer John Yonge Akerman: "Zo the excizeman 'as ax'd 'n the question 'ad his grin at 'n,...but they'd a good laugh at 'ee when 'em got whoame the stuff."

## Origin

The story dates to before 1787, when the Moonrakers tale appeared in Francis Grose's Provincial Glossary. Research by Wiltshire Council's Community History Project shows that a claim can be made for the Crammer, a pond at Southbroom, Devizes, as the original location for the tale. Other accounts naming the village of Bishops Cannings 2+1⁄2 miles to the north-east of Devizes, which has no pond, are explained by a change in the parish boundaries in 1835, which transferred the Crammer from that parish into the town. However, many other places in the county have laid claim to the story.

## Modern-day usage

Supporters of the association football club Oxford United use moonraker as a derogatory term for fans of their Wiltshire-based rivals Swindon Town, even if Moonrakers are strictly from Devizes.
# Parochial Union of Ordino

The Parochial Union of Ordino (Catalan: Unió Parroquial d'Ordino, UPd'O) was a local political party in Ordino, Andorra.

## History

The party first contested national elections in 1997, when it took part in parliamentary elections. The party did not participate in the national-level vote, but put forward candidates in the parish-level elections in alliance with the Liberal Union. The party won both seats in the Ordino provincial circumscription, with Simón Duró Coma and Josep Àngel Mortés Pons being elected to the General Council.
The party has not contested any national elections since 1997.
# Bermuda Triangle (video game)

Bermuda Triangle is a vertically scrolling shooter released as an arcade video game by SNK in 1987. The player controls a fighter jet and shoots enemies, collects power-ups, and defeats bosses to advance levels.
# Veluta

Veluta is a monotypic genus of flies in the family Tachinidae. The sole member, Veluta albicincta, is endemic to New Zealand.
# Christian Damiano

Christian Damiano (born 9 March 1950) is a French former professional football player and manager.

## Playing career

As a player, Damiano was a defender. Early in his youth career, he played for Cagnes [fr], but he would then join the youth academy of Nice. He played for the B team of the club in the early 1970s.

## Managerial career

Damiano stopped playing football in 1974, at the age of 24. From 1974 to 1983, he was simultaneously head of the youth academy and assistant manager of the first team of Nice. From 1983 to 1986, he would then coach Stade Raphaëlois. He would also have various roles at the French Football Federation in this time period.
In 1986, Damiano became a coach at INF Vichy, a football academy. However, after it closed in 1990, he went to work as a coach for its counterpart INF Clairefontaine for two years. From 1992 to 1999, Damiano was a coach at several youth teams of France. In 1999, he was the first-team manager of Nice, and also the assistant manager until 2000.
Damiano first moved to England in 2000 when he was appointed assistant to Jean Tigana at Fulham, and remained at the club until Tigana's departure in 2003. He then returned to work alongside Gérard Houllier again (as they had crossed paths as coaches in France youth teams), this time as an assistant coach at Liverpool, although he departed along with the manager in 2004. He was soon appointed to assist Steve Wigley at Southampton. He was briefly linked with the manager's job of the Australian national team, although he ultimately lost out to Guus Hiddink. Damiano would then go on to work as assistant manager under Claudio Ranieri from 2007 to 2012: he followed him at Parma, Juventus, Roma, and Inter Milan.
# Helen Dawes

Helen Elizabeth Dawes (born 5 January 1974) is a British academic administrator. Since 2021, she has been Principal of Westcott House, Cambridge. Before returning to Westcott House where she had trained for ordination, she served in parish ministry in the Dioceses of Ely, St Albans and Salisbury, and on the staff of the Archbishop of Canterbury.

## Early life and education

Dawes was born on 5 January 1974. She was educated at South Wilts Grammar School, then an all-girls grammar school in Salisbury, England. She studied Natural Sciences at Trinity College, Cambridge, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in 1996: as per tradition, her BA was promoted to a Master of Arts (MA Cantab) degree. Then, between 1996 and 1999, she worked in strategic and regulatory consulting.
In 1999, Dawes matriculated into Westcott House, Cambridge, to study theology and train for holy orders. She left in 2002 to be ordained in the Church of England. She continued her studies and graduated from Anglia Ruskin University with a Master of Arts (MA) degree. She undertook a part-time Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree in theology and economics at King's College London. She graduated in 2018, and her doctoral thesis was titled "An examination of the contextualisation of the human person as a potential contribution to conversation between theology and political economy".

## Ordained ministry

Dawes was ordained in the Church of England as a deacon in 2002 and as a priest in 2003. From 2002 to 2005, she served her curacy at St Andrew's Church, Chesterton in the Diocese of Ely. In 2005, she was appointed priest-in-charge of the United Benefice of Sandon, Wallington and Rushden with Clothall in the Diocese of St Albans. In 2009, she joined the staff of the Archbishop of Canterbury, and was based at Lambeth Palace. First, from 2009 to 2013, she was the deputy secretary for public affairs. Secondly, from 2013 to 2015, she was social and public affairs adviser to Archbishop Justin Welby.
In 2015, Dawes returned to parish ministry, having been appointed Team Rector of Shaftesbury in the Diocese of Salisbury. She was additionally Dean of Women's Ministry for the diocese from 2016. In November 2020, it was announced that she would be the next principal of Westcott House, Cambridge. She took up the post in February 2021.

## Personal life

In 1997, she married Jonathan Dawes. Together they have one son and two daughters.