OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 5 cm KwK 38

The 5 cm KwK 38 L/42 (5 cm Kampfwagenkanone 38 L/42) was a German 50 mm 42 calibre cannon used as the main armament of variants of the German Panzer III medium tank during the Second World War. The towed anti-tank gun equivalent was the PaK.37 of which 2,600 were produced from 1937 until 1940.

## History

The Panzer III was intended to fight other tanks; in the initial design stage a 50-millimetre (1.97 in) gun was specified. However, the infantry at the time were being equipped with the 37 mm (1.46 in) 3.7 cm PaK 36, and it was thought that, in the interest of standardization, the tanks should carry the same armament. As a compromise, the turret ring was made large enough to accommodate a 50 mm (1.97 in) gun should a future upgrade be required. This single decision later assured the Panzer III a prolonged life in the German Army.
The early Panzer III Ausf. A to early Ausf. G were equipped with a 3.7 cm KwK 36 L/45, which proved adequate during the campaigns of 1939 and 1940. In response to increasingly better armed and armored opponents, the later Panzer III Ausf. F to Ausf. J were upgraded with the 5 cm KwK 38 L/42. And the later Panzer III Ausf. J¹ to M went with the longer 5 cm KwK 39 L/60 gun.

## Ammunition

Average penetration performance established against rolled homogenous steel armour plate laid back at 30° from the vertical.

### PzGr (Armour Piercing)

* Weight of projectile: 2.06 kg (4.5 lb)
* Muzzle velocity: 685 m/s (2,250 ft/s)
| Range | 100 m (330 ft) | 500 m (1,600 ft) | 1,000 m (3,300 ft) | 1,500 m (4,900 ft) |
| Penetration | 53 mm (2.1 in) | 43 mm (1.7 in) | 32 mm (1.3 in) | 24 mm (0.94 in) |

### PzGr. 39 (Armour-piercing, capped, ballistic cap)

* Weight of projectile: 2.06 kg
* Muzzle velocity: 685 m/s
| Range | 100 m (330 ft) | 500 m (1,600 ft) | 1,000 m (3,300 ft) | 1,500 m (4,900 ft) |
| Penetration | 55 mm (2.2 in) | 47 mm (1.9 in) | 37 mm (1.5 in) | 28 mm (1.1 in) |

### PzGr. 40 (Armour-piercing, composite, rigid)

* Weight of projectile: 0.925 kg (2.04 lb)
* Muzzle velocity: 1,050 m/s (3,400 ft/s)
| Range | 100 m (330 ft) | 500 m (1,600 ft) | 1,000 m (3,300 ft) | 1,500 m (4,900 ft) |
| Penetration | 94 mm (3.7 in) | 55 mm (2.2 in) | — | — |
Estimated penetration (at 90 degrees) using American and British 50% success criteria, and allowing comparison to performance of other guns. :
| Ammunition type | Muzzle velocity | Penetration | Penetration | Penetration | Penetration | Penetration |
| Ammunition type | Muzzle velocity | 100 m | 500 m | 1000 m | 1500 m | 2,000 m (6,600 ft) |
| AP | 2,247 ft/s (685 m/s) | 76 mm (3.0 in) | 58 mm (2.3 in) | 41 mm (1.6 in) | 29 mm (1.1 in) | 21 mm (0.83 in) |
| Pzgr. 40 APCR | 1,050 m/s (3,400 ft/s) | 107 mm (4.2 in) | 74 mm | 47 mm (1.9 in) | 30 mm (1.2 in) | 20 mm |

## Vehicles mounted on

* Panzer III (Sd. Kfz. 141) - Ausf. F to J (serial production), several earlier models were re-equipped with this gun.
* VK 20 series proposed replacement of the Panzer III and IV
# AACE International

AACE International (Association for the Advancement of Cost Engineering) was founded in 1956 by 59 cost estimators and cost engineers during the organizational meeting of the American Association of Cost Engineering at the University of New Hampshire in Durham, New Hampshire. AACE International Headquarters is located in Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. AACE is a 501(c)(3) non-profit professional association. AACE International is a member of the Board of the Council of Engineering and Scientific Specialty Boards (CESB).

## Activities

AACE is a non-profit organization with about 15 employees at its headquarters in Morgantown, WV. A variety of other organizations in the United States provide similar certifications, often specialized for particular industries, such as power, manufacturing, gas and oil.
AACE is the publisher of Cost Engineering, a bi-monthly technical journal, Skills and Knowledge of Cost Engineering (currently in its 6th edition), Source magazine (a bi-monthly magazine), 20 different AACE International Professional Practice Guides, approximately 120 Recommended Practices, and its most comprehensive publication, the Total Cost Management Framework: An Integrated Approach to Portfolio, Program and Project Management.

## Certification programs

AACE currently manages eight certification programs, as listed below. All require agreeing to adhere to canons of ethics, and passing an examination. Most require prior industry experience, and also involve recertification by continuing education or reexamination.
* Certified Cost Technician (formerly known as Interim Cost Consultant), an entry-level certification and is not eligible for renewal
* Certified Scheduling Technician, an entry-level certification
* Certified Cost Professional (formerly Certified Cost Consultant / Certified Cost Engineer), which additionally requires a technical paper submission
* Certified Estimating Professional
* Certified Forensic Claims Consultant, which has additional requirements, including submission of a publication
* Decision & Risk Management Professional
* Earned Value Professional
* Planning & Scheduling Professional
Since becoming a charter member of the Council of Engineering and Scientific Specialty Boards in 1990, six of its certification programs (CCP, CCT, CEP, CST, EVP and PSP) have been accredited by the CESB.

## Membership

As of 2012, AACE reported over 8,000 members. To network in local areas, there are over 80 local sections located in 80 countries. There are also 11 technical subcommittees and 17 special interest groups.
# Pilar Alcaide

Pilar Alcaide is a Spanish-born cardiac biologist and immunologist at the Tufts University School of Medicine. She is Kenneth and JoAnn G. Wellner Professor and Assistant Dean of Faculty Development.

## Life and Career

Alcaide spent her early life in Madrid, Spain, though was born in Guadalajara. She remained in Madrid for college and graduate school, completing an M.S. from the Universidad Autonoma de Madrid in 1998, and received her PhD from the same institution in 2003.
Dr. Alcaide then undertook postdoctoral research at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School as part of a Fulbright scholarship. She continued her research at Harvard Medical School as an Instructor of Pathology, having been awarded an NIH K99 Pathway to Independence grant. In 2011, she joined the faculty of the Tufts University School of Medicine as an assistant professor. Alcaide was promoted to associate professor in 2016, full professor in 2023, and in 2019 was also named to the Kenneth and JoAnn G. Wellner professorship. Since 2020 she has served as Program Director of the Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Science immunology program, and since 2021 has been Assistant Dean of Faculty Development.

## Research

Alcaide's lab researches interactions between the immune and cardiovascular systems, with particular focuses on cardiac T-cells and the immune response to heart failure.
One recent project from Alcaide's group examined how T-cell recruitment to the heart following heart failure affected the progression of heart failure pathogenesis. They found that a specific population of T-cells responds to the heart following nonischemic heart failure, and that these immune cells drive cardiac fibrosis, in turn negatively affecting heart function following injury.
Another research area that Alcaide's lab is investigating is how the immune response to doxorubicin, a common chemotherapy drug, can lead to negative cardiac outcomes (heart failure and/or cardiomyopathy). A collaboration with Junjie Xiao's research group found exercise protected against cardiotoxicity by affecting B-cell activation. Separately, Alcaide's group found that CD8$^+$ T cells drive cardiac inflammation following doxorubicin treatment which leads to cardiac fibrosis and other negative outcomes.

## Honors and awards

* ASIP Cotran Early Career Investigator Award
* Fellow of the American Heart Association
# Josh Berry (comedian)

Joshua Henry Hyde Berry (born 5 July 1996 in Crewe, England) is a British comedian, writer and celebrity impressionist.

## Early life

The son of a teacher and accountant, Berry was born in Cheshire but grew up in Reading. He was educated at Reading Blue Coat School before going on to read philosophy and theology at Oxford University.

## Career

He began his career doing impressions of tennis players, appearing on the BBC's Live @ Wimbledon aged just 16. He later came to the attention of Andy Murray, who greatly increased Berry's visibility by retweeting one of his videos. In 2018, they appeared on screen together when Murray played a sports reporter interviewing Berry in his Murray guise. In the same year, Berry took his show Voice Thief to the Edinburgh Festival Fringe. And in 2019, he returned to the Fringe to perform Josh Berry: Who Does He Think He Is?, a show based on impressions of celebrities including James Acaster and Louis Theroux. He has been on BBC Radio 4 Extra's Newsjack and Radio 4's Dead Ringers.
After Boris Johnson became prime minister in 2019, he developed the character of Rafe Hubris, an arrogant, Eton-educated Special Adviser (SpAd) at 10 Downing Street, who calls Johnson 'BloJo', his chief of staff Dominic Cummings 'Big Daddy Cum-Cum' and health secretary Matt Hancock 'Matt Cock-in-his-Hands'. Writing in the Evening Standard, political commentator Anne McElvoy called his send-up of 'spad' culture "pitch-perfect". The character is reported to be a big hit among real-life special advisers.
Berry's spoof 2020 diary Staggering Hubris, written in Rafe Hubris' voice, purports to tell the real story of the chaos behind the scenes as the British government attempted to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. The book, with its account of parties and rule-breaking at Downing Street, began to look uncannily prescient as the Johnson government was engulfed by the Westminster lockdown parties controversy. As critic Peter Magee wrote in The Bookbag: 'What begins as a light-hearted spoof on life in Downing Street turns into something resembling a fly-on-the-wall documentary. There came a point when it almost ceased to be funny because it seems that it was all true...'
# Azaria

Azaria (Hebrew: עֲזַרְיָה) or Azarya is a moshav in central Israel. Located in the Shephelah around five kilometres south-east of Ramle, it falls under the jurisdiction of Gezer Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 1,269.

## Etymology

Its name is symbolic, though there is a theory that it was named after Azariah of Judah. The symbolic meaning is an acronym from the Hebrew religious sentence 'עולי זאכו ראו ישועת ה (Oleh zakho ra'u yeshuat HaShem, lit. "Immigrants of Zakho (village in Kurdistan) saw the salvation of the Lord").

## History

The moshav was established on the land of the depopulated Palestinian village of Al-Barriyya on 30 October 1949 by 25 families from Jerusalem as part of the "From the city to the village" plan.
# Dittmer

Dittmer may refer to:

## People

* Andreas Dittmer (born 1972), German sprint canoeist
* Anja Dittmer (born 1975), German triathlete
* Erica Dittmer (born 1991), American-born Mexican swimmer
* Felix Dittmer (1904–1977), Australian politician
* Jack Dittmer (1928–2014), American baseball player
* John Dittmer (born 1939), American historian
* Keren Dittmer, New Zealand professor of veterinary pathology
* Lowell Dittmer (1942–2024), American author and professor
* Mads Dittmer Hvilsom (born 1992), Danish footballer

## Places

* Dittmer, Queensland, a locality in the Whitsunday Region, Queensland, Australia
# Mary Ziegler

Mary R. Ziegler (born 1982) is an American legal scholar. She is the Martin Luther King Jr. Professor of Law at the University of California, Davis School of Law.

## Early life and education

Ziegler was born in 1982 and grew up in Montana. She graduated from Phillips Academy Andover in 2000 and Harvard College in 2004, where she published short stories in the Harvard Advocate and taught English as a second language to refugee students through the Refugee Summer Youth Enrichment program. Ziegler then earned her JD from Harvard Law School in 2007. She lives in California with her husband and daughter.

## Career
### Law

After graduating from law school, Ziegler clerked for Justice John Dooley of the Vermont Supreme Court before completing a Ruebhausen postgraduate fellowship at Yale Law School. She began work as an assistant professor at the Saint Louis University School of Law in 2010 before joining the faculty at Florida State University College of Law in 2013. She was a visiting professor at Harvard Law School in spring 2022 and joined the law faculty at UC Davis in the fall of 2022.

### Author

Ziegler is the author of multiple books on the history of abortion in the United States. Her first, After Roe: The Lost History of the Abortion Debate, won the Thomas J. Wilson Memorial Prize for best first manuscript in any discipline from Harvard University Press and was reviewed in The Economist. Her second book, Beyond Abortion: Roe v. Wade and the Fight for Privacy, was published by Harvard University Press in 2018 and was reviewed in The New York Review of Books. Her third book, Abortion and the Law in America: Roe v. Wade to the Present, was published by Cambridge University Press in 2020 and was reviewed in The Christian Science Monitor and The Washington Post.
In 2022, Ziegler published a reference book titled Reproduction and the Constitution in the United States with Routledge Press. Her book Dollars for Life: The Anti-Abortion Movement and the Fall of the Republican Establishment was published by Yale University Press in June 2022 and was reviewed in The New York Times. Kirkus Reviews called the book a "sober, knowledgeable scholarly analysis of a timely issue." In 2023, she published Roe: The History of a National Obsession.

### Public engagement

Ziegler has written on the legal history of abortion in the United States for The Atlantic, CNN, The New York Times, and The Washington Post. She also regularly comments on related topics for ABC News, The New Yorker, NPR, and PBS NewsHour. Pulitzer Prize winner David Garrow has called her "the premier historian of abortion in the post-Roe era."
# Linda Fargo

Linda Fargo is an American fashion business executive. Since 2006, she has served as the senior vice president of the fashion office and as the director of women's fashion and store presentation for the Bergdorf Goodman department store in New York City.

## Early life and education

Born in 1957, Fargo grew up in the suburbs of Milwaukee and received her Bachelor of Fine Arts degree from the University of Wisconsin–Madison. After her move to New York, she started as a window dresser at Macy's, eventually becoming the visual director.

## Career

Fargo joined Bergdorf Goodman as the display director in June 1996. Fargo was one of eighteen Manhattan window-display designers that collaborated on the Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum's The Window Show in May 1999. That year she was both vice president for visual presentations and director of visual merchandising. She and Robert Burke designed the 2001 Whitney Museum of American Art's annual gala called Nightclub as Monument, inspired on New York café society and the museum's retrospective of Edward Steichen's photographic works from the 1920s and 1930s.
After the September 11 attacks, Fargo and her team "completely readjusted" their display plans, which were originally going to be "an homage to the arts". Instead, each of the Bergdorf Goodman Building's windows on Fifth Avenue were decorated in a separate value or virtue, while the 57th Street windows were a black-and-white collage of New York landmarks, and the 58th Street windows were centered around children. One of the Fifth Avenue windows that year was highlighted by The New York Times as capturing the transition between "traditional sparkles and reds to a quieter, neutral wheat and organic palette" in holiday tastes. Assouline published Dreams Through the Glass: Windows from Bergdorf Goodman, written by Fargo herself, the $50 book was a retrospective of her displays, which Harper's Bazaar called "designs [which] prove that at its most sublime, window dressing is an art form."
In March 2017, Fargo opened the Linda's shop on the fourth floor of the Bergdorf Goodman Building. At Bergdorf, she works with David Hoey, the present window dresser and senior director for visual presentation, with whom she creates "about 450 windows a year."

## In media

At a Cystic Fibrosis Foundation fundraiser held at Macy's in 1985, Fargo wore "lace gloves and a black dress borrowed from Kim Stoddard," which The New York Times described as "very new wave".
In 2013 she was featured in the documentary Scatter My Ashes at Bergdorf's (the title lifted from the caption of a 1990 Victoria Roberts cartoon that appeared in pages of The New Yorker). Variety said in its review of the film that Fargo "effortlessly commands centerstage for long stretches as she vets new designers' collections for kindly 'maybe later' rejection or 'welcome to the family' acceptance."
# Black Sky

Black Sky (Spanish: Cielo negro) is a 1951 Spanish drama film directed by Manuel Mur Oti and starring Susana Canales, Fernando Rey and Luis Prendes. A woman working in a shop falls in love with a bohemian poet.

## Cast

* Susana Canales as Emilia
* Fernando Rey as Ángel López Veiga
* Luis Prendes as Ricardo Fortun
* Teresa Casal
* Inés Pérez Indarte
* Julia Caba Alba as Fermina
* Porfiria Sanchíz
* Mónica Pastrana
* Francisco Pierrá
* Rafael Bardem
* Manuel Arbó
* Ramón Martori
* Raúl Cancio
* Casimiro Hurtado as Pepe - camarero
* José Isbert
* Manolo Morán
* Nicolás D. Perchicot
* Antonio Riquelme as Churrero en la verbena
* Vicente Soler
# Harry Jensen (Norwegian politician)

Harry Magnus Jensen (18 February 1940 – 21 December 1990) was a Norwegian politician for the Progress Party.
He was born in Gildeskål Municipality as a son of fisher Wilhelm Jensen and housewife Valborg Wilhelmsen. He took basic education in Bodø, and spent his career as a businessman.
He was a deputy member of the municipal council of Bodø Municipality from 1975 to 1979, member of Nordland county council from 1979 to 1986 and member of the county council's executive committee from 1987 to 1991. He chaired the countywide party chapter from 1976 to 1981 and was a member of the Progress Party central committee from 1985 to 1990. He was elected to the Parliament of Norway from Nordland in 1989, and was the deputy chair of the Standing Committee on Transport and Communications. He died in December 1990 and was replaced by Karl Sørmo.
# Neil Page

Neil Philip Page (born 17 January 1944) is an Australian former baseball player. A left-hand starting pitcher, he regularly played for Australia from 1964 until 1977.

## Career

Page was born in Adelaide, the son of Roy Page, a well-known local baseball identity. As a junior, Page grew up playing for the Glenelg Tigers and Adelaide Angels baseball clubs, before transferring, in 1969, to the Goodwood Indians baseball club in the South Australian Baseball League (SABL). Page attended Adelaide Boys High School from February 1956 to 1960.
On 1 February 1966, Page became the first modern Australian player to sign a professional contract with a Major League Baseball organisation, the Cincinnati Reds. He remained with the organisation until 16 October 1967, but was released following an arm injury. Page won the Helms Award in 1969, regarded as Australian Baseball's most prestigious award; and is judged based on a players performance in National Claxton Shield competition. He also won the Capps Medal in 1974, for the "best and fairest" player during the regular SABL season (i.e. not including finals matches) as decided upon by umpires votes. Page played for South Australia at 8 Claxton Shields (1964, 1965, 1967, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1973 & 1974) and Western Australia at 3 Claxton Shields (1975, 1976 & 1977). In 1977, Page won the President's Medal, for the Most Valuable Player in the West Australian Baseball League.
On 16 March 1972, Page was involved in one of the greatest games in Australian baseball history. Under lights at Norwood Oval, in the 1971/72 SABL Grand final between the Goodwood Indians and Port Adelaide Magpies, Page pitched all 19 innings (21 strikeouts, 9 hits & 1 walk), only to lose the game 4 – 2.
In the book, A History of Australian Baseball: Time and Game, Page is described as "one of the greatest pitchers Australia has ever produced". At the 2000 Millennium Sports Award recognising achievements in Australian sport, Page won the Australian Sports Medal for "45 years involvement in Baseball as player and coach, many individual achievements". In 2005, Page was an inaugural inductee into the Baseball Australia Hall of Fame. At the 2009 Baseball Australia Diamond Awards, Page was named as a starting pitcher to the 75th Diamond Anniversary Claxton Shield All Stars team.
# Timothy Bach

Timothy Bach (born 28 February 1953) is a Canadian former swimmer. He competed in the men's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
# XHMLO-FM

XHMLO-FM is a radio station in Malinalco, State of Mexico. Broadcasting on 104.9 FM, XHMLO is owned by Grupo Siete and is known as Radio Crystal.

## History

XHMLO received its concession on October 21, 1994.
In 2017, XHMLO and XHEDT-FM in Toluca became the last Grupo Siete-owned stations to ditch the Bengala grupera format and moved to Crystal.
# John Ledder

John Ledder (born 12 March 1937) is an Australian former representative rower. He was a 1960 national champion and competed in the men's eight event at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

## Club and state rowing

Born in Sri Lanka Ledder arrived with his family aged 10 in 1947. He was educated at Hale School in Perth where he took up rowing. His senior club rowing was from the Swan River Rowing Club.
Ledder first made state representative selection for Western Australia in the 1959 senior eight which contested and placed third at the King's Cup at the Australian annual Interstate Regatta. He was then one of only two 1959 WA King's Cup oarsmen (the other was Milton Francis) whom coach Ken Grant agreed to retain into the 1960 crew as he sought to build a heavy and more powerful eight. This enabled Ledder to be part of the 1960 King's Cup win and the Olympic representation.

## International representative rowing

The entire West Australian champion King's Cup eight of 1960 were selected without alteration as the Australian eight to compete at the 1960 Rome Olympics. The crew was graded as the second of the seven Australian Olympic boats picked for Rome and was therefore fully funded by the Australian Olympic Committee. Ledder rowed in the three seat of the eight. They were eliminated in the repechage on Lake Albano at the 1960 Olympics.
# Peder I. Ramsrud

Peder I. Ramsrud (10 February 1923 – 10 June 2014) was a Norwegian politician for the Progress Party.
He was born in Fåberg in February 1923.
Ramsrud was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Oppland in 1989, but was not re-elected in 1993. He was a member of Østre Toten municipality council from 1977 to 1985. From 1981 to 1991 he held various positions in Oppland county council.
# Parmenion (architect)

Parmenion was an architect, who was employed by Alexander the Great in the building of Alexandria. He was entrusted with the superintendence of the works of sculpture, especially in the temple of Serapis (Serapeum), which came to be called by his name Parmenionis. Clement of Alexandria, however, ascribes the great statue of Serapis to Bryaxis. He is also mentioned by Vitruvius.
# Neville Veale

Neville Veale (born 1939) was an Australian racing cyclist. He won the Australian national road race title in 1961.
In 2015 he was inducted into the Goldfields Sporting Hall Of Fame.