OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Upagupta

Upagupta (c. 3rd Century BC) was a Buddhist monk. According to some stories in the Sanskrit text Ashokavadana, he was the spiritual teacher of the Mauryan emperor Ashoka.$^{:16}$ In the Sarvāstivādin tradition he is the fifth patriarch after Mahākaśyapa, Ānanda, Madhyāntika, and Śāṇakavāsin, and in the Ch'an tradition he is regarded as the fourth. Upagupta's teacher was Śāṇavāsa, who was a disciple of Ānanda, the Buddha's attendant. Due to the absence of his name in Theravada literature it is assumed that Upagupta was a Sarvāstivādin monk. In South East Asian countries and Bangladesh Upagupta is a great cult figure. In Myanmar he is known as Shin Upagutta. In Cambodia, he is known as Preah Uppakut. In the Lokapannatti Upagupta is sent by Ashoka to tame Mara during an enshrinement ceremony festival, afterwards he asks her to take the physical form (rupakaya) of Buddha so that everyone at the festival can see what Buddha looked like.

## In literature

Rabindranath Tagore in his poem 'Abhisar' collected in 'Katha' relates a story of Upagupta. In the story, in the month of Sraban, the monk was at sleep in Mathura, when Vasavdatta - the city's diva or courtesan trips over and notices the monk. Enchanted by the handsome appearance of the monk, Vasavdatta invites him to go with her to her house. But Upagupta tells her that he cannot go with her at this point; when time comes, he will go. After a passage of seven months, when the month of Chaitra came, the city folks went to a festival out in the forest. In the lone city, Upagupta goes beyond the precincts and finds Vasavdatta severely deformed by a disease with pustules covering her body. The city people had cast her out of the city's wall. The monk nurses the woman with care - telling her that the time for their togetherness has come.
Rabindranath adopted the story with some changes from the Bodhisattvāvadānakalpalatā by Kshemendra, the 10th-11th century Kashmiri poet.
In Transmission of Light, Keizan describes Upagupta as a great teacher who helped many people. "Whenever anyone attained realization, Upagupta would cast a talisman four fingers in breadth into a cave. The cave was eighteen cubits by twelve cubits, and it was filled with talismans – that is how many people attained enlightenment."
# Brad Dalton

Bradley Dalton (born 12 September 1959) is an Australian former basketball player, who played for the City of Sydney Astronauts (1979–1980), West Adelaide Bearcats (1981–1982), Sydney Supersonics (1983), Geelong Supercats (1984–1987) and the Sydney Kings (1988–1991) in the NBL.

## Early life and family

Born in Sydney, Dalton attended St. Augustine's College in Brookvale, a suburb on the Northern Beaches of Sydney. He is the older brother of former NBL player and Olympian, Mark Dalton and brother of Karen Dalton, who also represented Australia at the 1984 and 1988 Summer Olympics.

## Career

Dalton, a 6'8" (203 cm) tall Power forward who could also play at Centre, won the NBL championship in 1982 with the West Adelaide Bearcats, a team that included 1982 NBL MVP Al Green, future three-time league MVP Leroy Loggins, Boomers Peter Ali and Ray Wood, as well as the NBL's inaugural MVP winner in 1979, player/coach Ken Richardson. The Bearcats defeated the Geelong Supercats 80–74 in the Grand Final held at the Broadmeadow Basketball Stadium in Newcastle.

## International

Dalton represented Australia at the 1984 Summer Olympic Games in Los Angeles and again in 1988 in Seoul.
# Pannariaceae

The Pannariaceae are a family of lichens in the order Peltigerales (suborder Collematineae). Species from this family have a widespread distribution, but are especially prevalent in southern temperate regions.

## Genera

According to a 2020 estimate, the family contains 27 genera and about 360 species. The following list indicates the genus name, the taxonomic authority, year of publication, and the number of species:
* Atrophysma T.Sprib. (2020) – 1 sp.
* Austrella P.M.Jørg. (2004) – 3 spp.
* Austroparmeliella (P.M.Jørg.) P.M.Jørg. (2014) – 5 spp.
* Degelia Arv. & D.J.Galloway (1981) – 16 spp.
* Erioderma Feé (1825) – 32 spp.
* Fuscoderma (D.J.Galloway & P.M.Jørg.) P.M.Jørg. & D.J.Galloway (1989) – 5 spp.
* Fuscopannaria P.M.Jørg. (1994) – 58 spp.
* Kroswia P.M.Jørg. (2002) – 4 spp.
* Gibbosporina Elvebakk, S.G.Hong & P.M.Jørg. (2016) – 13 spp.
* Hispidopannaria Elvebakk, S.G.Hong & C.H.Park (2020) – 2 spp.
* Homothecium A.Massal. (1853) – 4 spp.
* Hosseusia Gyeln. (1940) – 1 sp.
* Hueella Zahlbr. (1926) – 1 sp.
* Joergensenia Passo, S.Stenroos & Calvelo (2008) – 1 sp.
* Kroswia P.M.Jørg. (2002) – 4 spp.
* Leciophysma Th.Fr. (1865) – 2 spp.
* Leightoniella Henssen (1965) – 1 sp.
* Leioderma Nyl. (1888) – 7 spp.
* Lepidocollema Vain. (1890) – 22 spp.
* Leptogidium Nyl. (1873) – 3 spp.
* Nebularia P.M.Jørg. (2014) – 2 spp.
* Nevesia P.M.Jørg, L.Lindblom, Wedin & S.Ekman (2014) – 1 sp.
* Pannaria Del. ex Bory (1828) – ca. 40 spp.
* Parmeliella Müll.Arg. (1862) – ca. 40 spp.
* Pectenia P.M.Jørg. (2014) – 4 spp.
* Phormopsora Elvebakk, S.G.Hong & C.H.Park (2020) – 1 sp.
* Physma A.Massal. (1864) – 12 spp.
* Protopannaria (Gyeln.) P.M.Jørg. & S.Ekman (2000) – 7 spp.
* Psoroma Michaux (1803) – ca. 70 spp.
* Psoromaria Nyl. ex Nyl. (1891) – 2 spp.
* Psoromidium Stirt. (1877) – 2 spp.
* Psorophorus Elvebakk & S.G.Hong (2010) – 2 spp.
* Ramalodium Nyl. (1879) – 6 spp.
* Rockefellera Lendemer & E.Tripp (2017) – 1 sp.
* Siphulastrum Müll.Arg. (1889) – 4 spp.
* Staurolemma Körb. (1867) – 3 spp.
* Steineropsis T.Sprib. & Muggia (2010) – 1 sp.
* Xanthopsoroma Elvebakk & S.G.Hong (2010) – 2 spp.
# Kolesov Log

Kolesov Log (Russian: Колесов Лог) is a rural locality (a village) in Vakhnevskoye Rural Settlement, Nikolsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 21 as of 2002.

## Geography

Kolesov Log is located 60 km northwest of Nikolsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Malinovka is the nearest rural locality.
# International Fellowship of Evangelical Students

The International Fellowship of Evangelical Students (IFES) is an interdenominational association of 180 evangelical Christian student movements worldwide, encouraging evangelism, discipleship and mission among students. The headquarters is in Oxford, England.

## History

In United Kingdom, the Oxford Inter-Collegiate Christian Union, founded in 1879, was a founding member of the Student Christian Movement of Great Britain (SCM) in 1892. Then in 1928, students left SCM due to differences over liberal positions and founded the Inter-Varsity Christian Fellowship. This movement was established in Canada in 1928, Australia in 1930, and in the United States in 1941.
In 1947, the International Fellowship of Evangelical Students was founded. Representatives from Australia, the United Kingdom, Canada, China, Netherlands, Norway, France, New Zealand, Switzerland, and the United States came together in Boston (USA) to strengthen evangelism, discipleship and world mission among students all over the world.
It was present in 180 countries in 2023.

## Programs

Group meetings are held each week to discuss the Bible in universities. These groups are Evangelical, but not attached to any particular confession.

## Organization

Representatives of all the member movements gather once every four years at the "World Assembly", where the General Committee meets to conduct official business of the fellowship. IFES's General Secretaries have included:
* Stacey Woods (1947–1972)
* Chua Wee Hian (1972–1991)
* Lindsay Brown (1991–2007)
* Daniel Bourdanné (2007–2019)
* Jamil (acting, 2019–2020)
* Tim Adams (2021–present)

## Publishing houses

Christian literature distribution is also a feature of this ministry. InterVarsity Press (USA), Inter-Varsity Press (UK), Presses Bibliques Africaines (Francophone Africa), Harmat (Hungary), Andamio (Spain), and Ediciones Certeza (Latin America) are examples of regional publishing houses.

## Partnerships

Tyndale is a Christian publishing house, publishing Christian fiction, nonfiction, children’s books amongst others. Tyndale has supported IFES since 1967, through Tyndale House Foundation and helps establish IFES-affiliated publishing programs in other countries including Pakistan, Malaysia, Hong Kong, the Philippines, Brazil, Uganda, India and the United States. These programs enable students to write and publish their own brochures, books and curriculums, and to serve their local campuses.
# Ronald Daniels (politician)

Ronald Daniels (born 1942 or 1943) is a professor and politician and was a third-party candidate (Peace and Freedom Party) for President of the United States in the 1992 U.S. presidential election in California. His running mate was Asiba Tupahache.
He was on the ballot in Iowa and Utah as the candidate of his own Campaign for a New Tomorrow Party, the Labour & Farm Party of Wisconsin, write-ins as North Central Citizens' League/Progressive Party-1924, CCRPP, or independent in Minnesota, North Dakota, and Michigan as well as some in Iowa and Wisconsin, and in New Jersey as the Independent Party. The Daniels-Tupahache ticket received 27,949 votes for 0.03% of the national vote according to the published Clerk of the House of Representatives, Associated Press, Reuters, and National League of Women Voters totals, and probably right around 28,000 with scattered write-in votes across the country taken into account. The ticket received some daily and weekly newspaper endorsements as well as being endorsed by a number of campus, labor, or political publications, being among the six tickets to receive the endorsements of general-interest daily and weekly newspapers which did in 1992 including the Reform (Perot), Libertarian (Marrou), and US Taxpayers (Phillips) tickets in addition to Bush and Clinton.
Daniels was previously the Executive Director of the Center for Constitutional Rights and the Executive Director of Jesse Jackson's National Rainbow Coalition, and worked on Jackson's 1984 presidential campaign and was then Deputy Campaign Manager for Jackson's 1988 presidential campaign.
Daniels served as a Distinguished Lecturer in Political Science from 2007–2018 at CUNY's York College in Jamaica, Queens, and appears periodically on television and radio public affairs programs such as Hannity & Colmes.
# Kitaema Cave Tombs

The Kitaema Cave Tombs (北江間横穴群, Kitaema Yokoana-kofun gun) is an archaeological site containing the ruins of a final Kofun period to early Nara period necropolis in what is now part of the city of Izunokuni, Shizuoka, in the Tōkai region of Japan. The site was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1976, with the area under protection expanded in 1985.

## Overview

The Kitaema site is north of the city center of Izunokuni on the banks of the Kano River. The site consists of ten corridor-type kofun (横穴式石室, yokoana-shiki sekishitsu) with burial chambers excavated into the side of a tuff hill to the west (the "Daishiyama group") and a second set of more than 40 tombs to the east (the "Daihoku" group), and includes stone house-shaped sarcophagus made from hollowed-out stone. The largest of these cave tombs extends 6.5 meters (21 ft) into the hillside, but the average is one to three meters (3 to 10 ft), with a height of approximately one meter (3 ft). The graves indicate a period of transition between burial and cremation.
One grave contained a 1200-year-old stone coffin shaped like a house and inscribed "Wakato-nari", which was presumably the name of the person associated with the tomb. This coffin was designated a National Important Cultural Property in 1993. The National Historic Site designation was expanded due to additional finds in 1985.
The site is approximately 15 minutes by foot from Izu Hakone Railway's Izu-Nagaoka Station.

## Gallery

* Interior of Cave-tomb No.1
* Sarcophagus from Cave-tomb No.1
* Interior of Cave-tomb No.8
# Selina Chönz

Selina Chönz or Selina Choenz (4 August 1910 – 17 February 2000) was a Swiss children's author. Her most famous work is A Bell for Ursli, a children's book illustrated by Alois Carigiet.

## Biography

Selina Chönz was born in Samedan on 4 August 1910 as the oldest child and the only daughter to printer and typesetter Anton M. Meyer from Hof and his wife, Marie Louise Ronzi. Chönz trained as a Montessori kindergarten teacher in Bern. She then spent time learning languages by moving to Spain, England and Italy. Her first teaching position was in Zuoz in the Engadin. Shortly after she moved to Zürich to teach kindergarten teachers. While there she decided to write a children's book herself.
Chönz was a proponent of Romansh. When she married, she changed the spelling of her name to replace the German "K" with the "Ch". She wrote the original version of the A Bell for Ursli in Upper Engadin Romansh. She persuaded artist Alois Carigiet to be her illustrator. From 1940 to 1945 he visited Guarda, Switzerland and created the illustrations. He used the nearby houses Chasa 51 as the template for the Ursli house in the book.
Several further stories followed and the books were translated into a number of languages. She was awarded the Hans Christian Andersen Prize.

## Personal life

In 1939 she married the architect Iachen Ulrich Könz who already had four sons from his previous marriage. Together they had a son, painter and draftsman Steivan Liun Könz. Chönz lived in Guarda until 1981. She suffered from senile dementia towards the end of her life dying in 2000.
# Apaturius

Apaturius (Ancient Greek: Ἀπατούριος) of Alabanda was a scene-painter of ancient Greece, whose mode of painting the scene of the little theatre at Tralles is described by Vitruvius, with the criticism made upon it by Licinius.
A different, unrelated Apaturius was a Gaul who, with Nicanor of Syria, assassinated Seleucus III Ceraunus in the 3rd century BCE.
# Bullington, Lincolnshire

Bullington is a village and civil parish in the West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated approximately 8 miles (13 km) north-east from the city of Lincoln and 7 miles (11 km) south from the market town of Market Rasen. According to the 2001 census the village had a population of 36. At the 2011 census the population remained less than 100 and is included in the civil parish of Goltho.
Bullington Hall is a Grade II listed farmhouse within the village, originating in the 17th century with later rebuilding and additions.
Bullington Priory is located in the south of the parish.
# Othonna purpurascens

Othonna purpurascens is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is endemic to South Africa.

## Description

This plant has a scrubby succulent stem. The leaves are flat and fleshy. They are smooth and covered with a whitish bloom, but the lower parts of the stems have woolly scars from dropping leaves. The two headed flowers are purplish in colour and the seeds that they produce are silky.

## Distribution and habitat

This species is known from Mastenberg in South Africa.
# Ivakovo

Ivakovo (Russian: Иваково) is a rural locality (a village) in Terebayevskoye Rural Settlement, Nikolsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 6 as of 2002.

## Geography

Ivakovo is located 32 km north of Nikolsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kovrigino is the nearest rural locality.
# Downton Group

The Downton Group is a geologic group in England. It preserves fossils dated to the Silurian period.
# Drummock Group

The Drummock Group is a geologic group in Scotland. It preserves fossils dated to the Ordovician period.
# Volodymyr Paniotto

Volodymyr Illich Paniotto (Ukrainian: Володимир Ілліч Паніотто; born on January 22, 1947, in Kyiv) is a Ukrainian sociologist, doctor of philosophical sciences, Director General of the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology (KIIS), and professor at the Sociology Department of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy.

## Career

After his graduation in 1970 from the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, he worked at the Philosophy Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic as a researcher and eventually as a chair of the Sector for Computer Modeling of Social Processes. In 1990 and 1991, he chaired the Department for Methodology and Methods in Sociology at the Sociology Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. In 1991 and 1992, he was a professor at the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Since 1992, he has been the Director of the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology, which he co-founded with Valeriy Khmelko and Michael Swafford. Since 1992, he has also been a professor at the Sociology Department of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. He has participated in professional development programs at Columbia University and Munich University. During two semesters (1993 and 1995), he was a visiting professor at Johns Hopkins University.
Paniotto is a member of the Directing Council of the Sociological Association of Ukraine. From 1996 to 2005, he was the national representative of the European Society for Opinion and Marketing Research (ESOMAR). He is also a member of the World Association for Public Opinion Research (WAPOR), the American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR), and the International Sociological Association (ISA). Since 2006, he has been the Vice-President of the Ukrainian Marketing Association (UMA).
Paniotto serves on the editorial boards of Ukrainian and Russian journals. He published research on methodological issues, poverty, occupational prestige, and xenophobia. Paniotto has published ten books and over 200 articles and chapters. The book Why a Sociologist Needs Mathematics, co-authored with Valentyn Maksymenko, won the second prize at a Soviet Union contest.
# 1965 Hale Urban District Council election

Elections to Hale Council were held on Saturday, 15 May 1965. One third of the councillors were up for election, with each successful candidate to serve a three-year term of office. The Conservative Party retained overall control of the council.

## Election result

| Party | Votes | Votes | Seats | Seats | Seats | Full Council | Full Council |
| Conservative Party | 796 (25.3%) | 22.0 | 2 (50.0%) | 2 / 4 | 1 | 7 (58.3%) | 7 / 12 |
| Residents | 887 (28.2%) | 9.2 | 1 (25.0%) | 1 / 4 | 1 | 3 (25.0%) | 3 / 12 |
| Liberal Party | 1,108 (35.1%) | 12.6 | 1 (25.0%) | 1 / 4 | | 2 (16.7%) | 2 / 12 |
| Labour Party | 361 (11.5%) | 0.4 | 0 (0.0%) | 0 / 4 | | 0 (0.0%) | 0 / 12 |
| 2 | 3 | 7 |

## Ward results
### Bollin

Bollin :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | R. W. Gurney* | uncontested | | |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | | |

### Central

Central :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | B. S. Hall* | uncontested | | |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | | |

### North

North :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | E. Wilkinson* | 1,108 | 75.4 | +43.8 |
| | Labour | J. Cope | 361 | 24.6 | −5.8 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 747 | 50.8 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,469 | 50.1 | −13.4 |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Swing | | |

### Wellgreen

Wellgreen :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Residents | A. Fielding | 887 | 52.7 | −9.2 |
| | Conservative | A. M. Hanrahan | 796 | 47.3 | +9.2 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 91 | 5.4 | −18.4 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,683 | 64.4 | +1.3 |
| | Residents gain from Conservative | Residents gain from Conservative | Swing | | |
# Lilian Charlesworth

Lilian Edith Charlesworth CBE (15 March 1897 – 20 November 1970) was a British headmistress of girls' schools and promoter of international understanding. She led Sutton High School in Greater London for twenty years and she was President of the Headmistresses Association.

## Life

Charlesworth was born in Stockwell in London in 1897. Her parents were Sarah Elizabeth (born Bragg) and Jonathan Charlesworth who was a teacher. She attended Streatham and Clapham High School which was run by the Girls' Day School Trust. In 1918 she graduated in "Classics" from Royal Holloway College, London. She went straight into teaching at Acton Boys' School and then in Clapham and then for two years she was at Roedean school in Brighton.
In 1931 she took her first headship leading the Kensington High School for the Girls' Day School Trust.
In 1939 she was appointed as the head of Sutton High School which was also a Girls' Day School Trust school.
From 1948 to 1950 when she was the President of the Headmistresses Association. In 1951 she was invited onto British television (the BBC) to discuss the education of girl's with the broadcaster E. Arnot Robertson and the documentary maker Jill Craigie.
In 1954 she became a Commander of the British Empire.
She retired in 1959 and the school named a building after her. In her retirement she took a mule and went walking in the Himalayas.

## International

She was sent to Paris three time to represent the UK at general conferences of UNESCO. Her contributions to the Council for Education in World Citizenship in particular were appreciated. In 1948 she went to look at the USA and five years later she was visiting the Gold Coast to see the important boarding-school Achimota which educated many post colonial leaders. Two years later she was in Sudan giving advise and learning. When she returned she told her school's pupils about UNESCO, politics, the importance of women's education and the Mahdi.
Charlesworth died in hospital in the City of Westminster in 1970.