OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Battle of Chikhori

The Battle of Chikhori was fought between the armies of King George VIII of Georgia and the rebellious nobles led by a royal kinsman Bagrat in 1463. It took place near the fortress Chikhori in the district of Argveti in western Georgia, and ended in the king's decisive defeat.

## History

Unity within the Georgian states disappears after the failure of George VIII's diplomatic mission. Qvarqvare II Jaqeli formally remains the king's subject and partner, but begins to encourage Duke Bagrat of Samokalako to revolt against George VIII. The latter is himself heir to the Bagrationi dynasty of Western Georgia, the eldest branch of the royal family whose last sovereign, Constantine II of Imereti, was overthrown by George VII in 1401, and began to claim the throne of his ancestors. The latter being the uncle of George VIII, the nobility of Imereti did not suspect Bagrat of separatism, but the latter was soon encouraged by the powerful of western Georgia.
In addition to Samtskhe-Saatabago, Bagrat allied himself with Liparit I Dadiani, Mamia Gurieli and the princes of Abkhazia and Svaneti, to whom he promised to free them from all central imposition. Together, the rebels captured numerous fortresses across Imereti in 1462, after which George VIII abolished the Duchy of Samokalako and decided to intervene. In 1463, the king crossed the Likhi range and requested military aid from Samtskhe, of whose loyalty he was convinced. Qvarqvare II landed in Imereti with his troops but camped far from the conflict zone, waiting to see the winner. This reaction is widely seen as direct aid to the separatists.
George VIII and Bagrat clashed at Chikhori, during which the rebels inflicted a decisive defeat on the forces of the central government. King George retreated towards Kartli and severely punished the nobility whom he did not consider faithful enough. Bagrat captured Kutaisi, the largest city in western Georgia, and is crowned king of Imereti as Bagrat II in front of the great nobility of Mingrelia, Guria, Abkhazia, Samtskhe and Svaneti, but its power remains weak, including within its capital. The Battle of Chikhori signals the beginning of the fall of the Kingdom of Georgia: the Georgian kings will never again control the whole of Georgia.
Bagrat created a principality for each of his allies:
* Principality of Svaneti for the House of Gelovani;
* Principality of Abkhazia for the Sharvashidze;
* Principality of Mingrelia for the Dadiani;
* Principality of Guria for the Vardanidze-Gurieli.
# Nur County

Nur County (Persian: شهرستان نور) is in Mazandaran province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Nur.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the county's population was 104,807 in 27,699 households. The following census in 2011 counted 109,281 people in 32,461 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the county as 121,531 in 39,350 households.

### Administrative divisions

Nur County's population history and administrative structure over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table.
Nur County Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
| Central District | 57,530 | 61,497 | 69,601 |
| Mian Band RD | 8,719 | 9,935 | 11,065 |
| Natel Kenar-e Olya RD | 10,809 | 11,524 | 13,328 |
| Natel Kenar-e Sofla RD | 2,975 | 3,161 | 3,091 |
| Izadshahr (city) | 6,882 | 6,797 | 7,439 |
| Nur (city) | 21,806 | 22,978 | 26,947 |
| Ruyan (city) | 6,339 | 7,102 | 7,731 |
| Baladeh District | 6,594 | 5,739 | 7,630 |
| Owzrud RD | 1,811 | 1,400 | 2,452 |
| Sheykh Fazlolah-e Nuri RD | 2,114 | 2,327 | 3,231 |
| Tatarestaq RD | 1,535 | 975 | 977 |
| Baladeh (city) | 1,134 | 1,037 | 970 |
| Chamestan District | 40,683 | 42,045 | 44,300 |
| Lavij RD | 3,229 | 2,968 | 3,239 |
| Mianrud RD | 13,906 | 13,953 | 14,259 |
| Natel-e Restaq RD | 14,067 | 14,507 | 15,608 |
| Chamestan (city) | 9,481 | 10,617 | 11,194 |
| Total | 104,807 | 109,281 | 121,531 |
| RD = Rural District ||||
# 1936 Jirisan earthquake

The 1936 Jirisan earthquake occurred on July 4 near Jirisan in Korea. Nine people died in the earthquake while 17 others were injured.
# Plurisexuality

Plurisexuality or multisexuality is a term used to describe individuals who are attracted to multiple genders. This includes certain sexual identities such as pansexuality, bisexuality, omnisexuality, and polysexuality, falling under the umbrella of non-monosexuality, which encompasses all sexualities that are not exclusively heterosexual or homosexual. It's also referred to as multiple-gender attraction (MGA). Plurisexual individuals may experience sexual attraction to people of different genders, which can include but is not limited to men, women, non-binary, genderqueer, and other gender identities. Plurisexuality can be fluid and may vary from person to person. Abrosexual, for example, can be used to describe when one's experience changes in their attractions over time.
Multisexual was also used to describe multicultural sexual diversity, among other things.
Some plurisexual people may feel represented by the bisexual umbrella, however not every plurisexual identifies as bisexual. While more specific and less known plurisexual identities exist, bisexuality and pansexuality are more established and understood concepts within the LGBT community and among the general public, but they may experience monosexism, erasure, and heteronormativity.
# Jeotgalicoccus schoeneichii

Jeotgalicoccus schoeneichii is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Jeotgalicoccus which has been isolated from air from a pig barn from North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany.
# Milford Township, Iroquois County, Illinois

Milford Township is one of twenty-six townships in Iroquois County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,475 and it contained 774 housing units.

## Geography

According to the 2021 census gazetteer files, Milford Township has a total area of 44.34 square miles (114.84 km$^2$), all land.

### Cities, towns, villages

* Milford

### Unincorporated towns

* Bryce at 40°38′04″N 87°45′24″W﻿ / ﻿40.634481°N 87.756697°W﻿ / 40.634481; -87.756697
(This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.)

### Cemeteries

The township contains these three cemeteries: Maple Grove, Old Milford and Vennum.

### Major highways

* Illinois Route 1

### Airports and landing strips

* Milford Airport

## Demographics

As of the 2020 census there were 1,475 people, 753 households, and 498 families residing in the township. The population density was 33.26 inhabitants per square mile (12.84/km$^2$). There were 774 housing units at an average density of 17.46 per square mile (6.74/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 92.61% White, 0.20% African American, 0.07% Native American, 0.34% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 2.03% from other races, and 4.75% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.61% of the population.
There were 753 households, out of which 26.30% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.29% were married couples living together, 14.61% had a female householder with no spouse present, and 33.86% were non-families. 29.10% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.15 and the average family size was 2.55.
The township's age distribution consisted of 19.7% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 20.7% from 25 to 44, 29% from 45 to 64, and 23.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.6 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $48,942, and the median income for a family was $65,250. Males had a median income of $42,656 versus $27,554 for females. The per capita income for the township was $30,190. About 4.2% of families and 11.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.3% of those under age 18 and 7.1% of those age 65 or over.

## Political districts

* Illinois' 15th congressional district
* State House District 105
* State Senate District 53
# Contour length

Contour length is a term used in molecular physics. The contour length of a polymer chain (a big molecule consisting of many similar smaller molecules) is its length at maximum physically possible extension.
Contour length is equal to the product of the number of segments of polymer molecule(n) and its length(l).
# Winogradskyella

Winogradskyella is a genus of bacteria from the family Flavobacteriaceae. Winogradskyella is named after the Russian microbiologist Sergei Winogradsky.

## Species

The genus Winogradskyella comprises the following species:
W. algae W. algicola W. aquimaris W. arenosi Ca. W. atlantica W. aurantia W. aurantiaca W. costae W. crassostreae W. damuponensis W. echinorum W. eckloniae W. endarachnes W. epiphytica W. exilis W. eximia W. flava W. forsetii W. haliclonae W. helgolandensis W. jejuensis W. litorisediminis W. litoriviva W. ludwigii W. lutea W. maritima W. multivorans W. pacifica W. pocilloporae W. poriferorum W. profunda W. psychrotolerans W. pulchriflava W. rapida W. schleiferi W. sediminis W. tangerina W. thalassocola W. ulvae W. undariae W. ursingii W. vidalii W. wandonensis W. wichelsiae
# Vasyukovo, Gryazovetsky District, Vologda Oblast

Vasyukovo (Russian: Васюково) is a rural locality (a village) in Yurovskoye Rural Settlement, Gryazovetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 41 as of 2002.

## Geography

Vasyukovo is located 21 km southwest of Gryazovets (the district's administrative centre) by road. Prokopyevo is the nearest rural locality.
# June Kronholz

June Kronholz (born 1947) is an American journalist. She is probably best known as the education writer for The Wall Street Journal. At present she is a contributing editor for Education Next, a quarterly periodical which is published by the Hoover Institution.

## Career

Kronholz began her career with The Wall Street Journal as a correspondent. She covered London, Africa, Hong Kong and the Far East. She then became the WSJ's Boston Bureau chief, after which she transferred to Washington, D.C. to become that Bureau's Deputy Chief. She concentrated on topics relating to Education, continuing to be based in Washington. She continues to contribute to the WSJ while also contributing to various other US publications.

## Significant works

* Series in The Wall Street Journal on the efforts of Jessie Tompkins, which eventually led to a ground-breaking legal decision on affirmative-action programs at universities
* The Incredible Shrinking American Male
* What's Happening in the States (Fordham Institute, January 2010)
* Challenging the Gifted (Spring 2011, EducationNext)
# Dixie Hills, Atlanta

Dixie Hills is a historic neighborhood of northwest Atlanta with a population of 1,756 (2010).
It is bordered:
* on the north by Joseph E. Boone Blvd., across which are Center Hill and Grove Park
* on the east by Whitaker Circle and Anderson Ave., across which are West Lake
* on the south by I-20 across which is Florida Heights; and Penelope Neighbors
* on the west by the Harvel Homes Community and Westhaven

## History

A historic West Atlanta Neighborhood since 1938. Real estate developer Heman E. Perry developed Hunter Hills and Dixie Hills with contractor Herman Glass.
In 1960, Donald "Doc" Miller opened Miller's Dixie Hills Pharmacy. In 1965 he moved his business to what is now called South Downtown and changed the name to Miller's Rexall Drugs, today a quirky landmark known for its selection of hoodoo supplies.
During the long hot summer of 1967, when more than 100 race riots broke out around the country, Dixie Hills joined the rebellion for three nights after Kwame Turé (then Stokely Carmichael) addressed a protest over a youngster’s shooting by a black policeman.
In 1967, Atlanta historian Franklin Garrett described Dixie Hills as a small area of "small, neat, middle-class homes" of African Americans; "near the edge lies a large, low-rent, privately owned apartment complex which curves around a small shopping center". There were no swimming pools or shade trees or entertainment facilities. After a riot in June 1967, the city dedicated resources to build a path to Anderson Park, a baseball diamond and shower stalls; and to repairing streets and improving health inspections.

## Government

Dixie Hills lies in NPU J.

## Parks

* Anderson Park

## Neighborhood Association

It has an active community with monthly neighborhood meetings and committee volunteers (a.k.a. Dixie Hills Community Civic Club). The official community website for the Dixie Hills neighborhood is www.DixieHillsAtlanta.com

## People

Atlanta Child Murders prime suspect Wayne Williams was born and raised in Dixie Hills. Many of the victims disappeared from the neighborhood.
# Marinomonas atlantica

Marinomonas atlantica is a bacterium from the genus of Marinomonas which has been isolated from clams of the species Ruditapes decussatus.
# Golovatyuk

Golovatyuk is a Ukrainian surname. Notable people:
* Alexander Golovatyuk [ru] (born 1976), Kazakh hockey player
* Oleksandr Golovatyuk [uk] (1922–2004), Soviet serviceman, Hero of the Soviet Union
* Andrey Golovatyuk (born 1968), Russian politician, member for the LDPR of the State Duma
* Natalia Golovatyuk (born 1978), Russian journalist and poet
* Petro Golovatyuk [uk] (1942–2007), Ukrainian poet
* Yevhen Golovatyuk [uk] (1938), Ukrainian theatre actor and director
# Lavochkin La-160

The Lavochkin La-160, known as Strelka (Arrow), was the first Soviet swept-winged jet fighter research prototype. It was designed and manufactured by the Lavochkin Design Bureau from 1946. USAF reporting name - Type 6

## Design and development

Aircraft 160 was an all-metal pod and boom style aircraft with tri-cycle undercarriage like the Lavochkin La-152 but its mid-set wings incorporated 35° sweep at 1/4 chord. The afterburning engine was underslung in the nose with the air intake at the extreme nose, and exhaust under the rear fuselage. The tricycle undercarriage was housed entirely within the fuselage, (almost all Lavochkin jet aircraft had a similar undercarriage arrangement) when retracted allowing the wing to be built thinner and lighter. A conventional tail layout with 35$^o$ swept tailplane was located at the end of the tail boom. The swept wings were of very low taper (almost constant chord) with 1/2 span flaps/ailerons and two wing fences each side.
Although designed as a fighter, Aircraft 160 was intended for research into high-speed swept-wing flight, of which little was known in the mid-1940s - only the 1945-era light, piston-engined MiG-8 canard had used even a moderate degree of wing sweep before this. Following closely the layout of his previous jet-fighter prototypes Lavochkin was able to produce an aircraft capable of providing useful data and experience of high-speed flight near the speed of sound.
The first flight was on 24 June 1947. Successful flight trials were quickly followed by public display at the 1947 Aviation Day airshow at Tushino. Trials continued until Aircraft 160 broke up in flight, due to wing flutter, during tests to establish the maximum attainable speed. The experience gained with Aircraft 160 spurred on Soviet aircraft designers to design swept winged fighters, albeit cautiously.
The title 'Aircraft 160' was used previously by Lavochkin for a 'Heavy' twin engined fighter to be produced concurrently with Aircraft 150. This project was still-born, but led to the Alekseyev twin-engined I-21 series of fighters, after Alekseyev left Lavochkin's design bureau to head OKB-21 at Gor'kiy.

## Specifications (Aircraft 160)

Data from
General characteristics
* Crew: One
* Length: 10.06 m (33 ft 0 in)
* Wingspan: 8.95 m (29 ft 4 in)
* Height: 4.125 m (13 ft 6 in)
* Wing area: 15.9 m$^2$ (170.96 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 2,738 kg (6,036 lb)
* Gross weight: 4,060 kg (8,950 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × YuF afterburning RD-10 , 8.83 kN (1,984 lbf) thrust dry, 11.17 kN (2,510 lbf) with afterburner
Performance
* Maximum speed: 970 km/h (602 mph, 523 kn)
* Range: 1,000 km (621 mi, 540 nmi)
* Service ceiling: 12,000 m (40,030 ft)
* Rate of climb: 19.84 m/s (3,905 ft/min)
Armament
* 2 x 37mm cannon
# Roseivirga

Roseivirga is a strictly aerobic genus from the phylum Bacteroidota.
# List of Los Angeles Kings general managers

The Los Angeles Kings are an American professional ice hockey team based in Los Angeles, California. They play in the Pacific Division of the Western Conference in the National Hockey League (NHL). The team joined the NHL in 1967 as an expansion team with five other teams, and won their first Stanley Cup in 2012. Having first played at The Forum, the Kings have played their home games at the Crypto.com Arena (formerly Staples Center) since 1999. The team has had nine general managers since their inception.

## Key

Key of terms and definitions :
| Term | Definition |
| No. | Number of general managers |
| Ref(s) | References |
| – | Does not apply |
| † | Elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame in the Builder category |

## General managers

General managers of the Los Angeles Kings :
| No. | Name | Hired | Fired | Days | Playoff App | Div Titles | Conf Titles | S.C. Finals Wins/App |
| 1 | Larry Regan | June 8, 1967 | November 26, 1973 | 2,363 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | Jake Milford† | December 17, 1973 | May 26, 1977 | 1,256 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 3 | George Maguire | May 26, 1977 | January 30, 1984 | 2,440 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 4 | Rogie Vachon | January 30, 1984 | June 25, 1992 | 3,069 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 5 | Nick Beverley | June 25, 1992 | May 18, 1994 | 692 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0/1 |
| 6 | Sam McMaster | May 24, 1994 | April 22, 1997 | 1,064 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 7 | Dave Taylor | April 22, 1997 | April 18, 2006 | 3,283 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 8 | Dean Lombardi | April 21, 2006 | April 10, 2017 | 4,007 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 2/2 |
| 9 | Rob Blake | April 10, 2017 | present | 2,785 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
# Praisaniyakhan

Praisaniyakhan (ไปรสะนียาคาร") (Thai: ไปรษณียาคาร, lit. 'Postal Building') is the original location of the Thai Post Department, Thailand’s first postal office. The office stood on the eastern bank of Chao Phraya River at the mouth of Khlong Ong Ang (Ong Ang Canal) on the Phra Nakhon side near the area of Pak Khlong Talat, south of Memorial Bridge. It is a three-storey striking white Western-style building.

## History

Praisaniyakhan was built in 1871 as the residence of Phra Prichakonlakan (Sam-ang Amattayakun), the former governor of Prachinburi, eastern Siam (former name of Thailand) who was later charged with treason for the corruption over a gold mine in Kabin Buri. Phra Prichakonlakan was executed on November 24, 1879 and his assets were seized.
King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) established the Thai postal service on August 4, 1883. Prince Bhanurangsi Savangwongse was the first director-general of the Post and Telegraph Department and converted the residence of Phra Prichakonlakan to serve as the postal office, naming it "Praisaniyakhan".
In the revolution of 1932, Praisaniyakhan was the first target that the People’s Party (Khana Ratsadon) tried to seize as it was the communication hub handling telegraphy and telephony. The mission was led by the civil faction of the People’s Party, comprising Khuang Abhaiwongse and Prayoon Pamornmontri. The latter previously worked there and knew the inside. Guarded by a few members of the Navy faction of the People’s Party, the seizure had to start by 4:00 AM and be completed by 5:00 AM. to prevent suspicion. One staffer reported the plan to the police at Chakkrawat Police Station nearby. Police Lieutenant General Phraya Athikarnprakat (Loui Chatikavanij) who served as director-general of Police Department, hastened to Bangkhunphrom Palace to report the situation to Fleet Admiral Paribatra Sukhumbandhu, Prince of Nakhon Sawan, who served as the regent.
Praisaniyakhan was demolished in 1982 for the construction of Phra Pok Klao Bridge on the occasion of the 200th-anniversary celebration of Rattanakosin Kingdom (Bangkok). A smaller replica was later built on land nearest to the original site, featuring an exhibit on postal history. It was built in 2003 by the Department of Highways with a budget of six million baht and completed in 2010.
# Katie Carr

Katie Carr (born 1973) is an English actress and model. She may be best known for her appearances in Dinotopia as Marion and in Heroes as Caitlin.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1996 | The Innocent Sleep | Alice | |
| 1997 | The Perfect Blue | Katie | |
| 1997 | Highlander | Claire Clairmont | 1 episode: "The Modern Prometheus" |
| 1997 | The Odyssey | Nausicaa | TV films |
| 1997 | Kangaroo Palace | Linda | TV films |
| 1997 | Mrs Dalloway | Elizabeth Dalloway | |
| 1998 | A Rather English Marriage | Young Mary | TV film |
| 2001 | Dial 9 for Love | Laura | |
| 2002 | Dinotopia | Marion Waldo | TV miniseries |
| 2004 | Raising Helen | Caitlin | |
| 2005 | Four Corners of Suburbia | Fiona Musey | |
| 2007 | Heroes | Caitlin | 6 episodes |
| 2008 | CSI: NY | Tina O'Donovan | 1 episode: "Happily Never After" |
| 2008 | Larry the Lawnmower | singer | 2 episodes |
| 2011 | Game Time: Tackling the Past | Sarah Tate | TV film |
| 2013 | A Perfect Man | Laura |
| 2017 | Mirette | Cook | Short |
# Emmanuel Magubane

Ntando Emmanuel Magubane is a South African politician who represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly from 1999 to 2014, excepting a hiatus from 2009 to 2010. He was first elected in the 1999 general election and was re-elected in 2004, but he was not initially re-elected in 2009; instead, he was returned to the assembly in July 2010, when he filled a casual vacancy arising from Trevor Bonhomme's resignation.
Before 1999, Magubane served in the KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Legislature, and he was an ANC activist in Richmond, KwaZulu-Natal during the democratic transition.
# Flavihumibacter petaseus

Flavihumibacter petaseus is a Gram-negative and short rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Flavihumibacter which has been isolated from greenhouse soil from Korea.
# Shingabawossin

Chief Shingabawossin (recorded variously as Shin-ga-ba W'Ossin, Shin-ga-ba-wossin, Shin-ga-ba-wassin and Shingabowossin, from the Ojibwe: zhingaabewasin "image stone") (c. 1763–c. 1830) was an Ojibwa chief about Sault Ste. Marie. Chief Shingabawossin was of the Crane doodem.
Chief Shingabawossin was born about 1763. He was the grandson of Gi-chi-o-jee-de-bun and the oldest of the nine son of Naid-o-sa-gee's family, consisting of about 20 children in all from four wives. Chief Shingabawossin had one wife and twelve children. He participated in the 1783 Battle of St. Croix Falls, under the leadership of La Pointe Chief Waubojeeg. During the War of 1812, he was enlisted by the British to fight against the Americans and went to York to join Tecumseh's War.
He was prominent during the first quarter of the 19th century, thus taking part as a signatory to the 1820 Treaty of Sault Ste. Marie, the first treaty made with the United States in that area. In 1822, Henry Schoolcraft met with the Chief and established the US Indian Agency in Sault Ste. Marie. He was a signatory for the 1825 First Treaty of Prairie du Chien and the 1826 Treaty of Fond du Lac. Often, he was the leading speaker and usually the most important person among the Ojibwa delegates. He died sometime between 1828 and 1837, succeeded as Chief by his son Gabenoodin (Kabay Noden, "Constant Breeze").