# List of the prehistoric life of Alabama

This list of the prehistoric life of Alabama contains the various prehistoric life-forms whose fossilized remains have been reported from within the US state of Alabama.

## Precambrian

The Paleobiology Database records no known occurrences of Precambrian fossils in Alabama.

## Paleozoic
### Selected Paleozoic taxa of Alabama

* Fossilized fronds of the Carboniferous-Early Cretaceous seed fern Alethopteris †Alethopteris
** †Alethopteris lonchitica
** †Alethopteris valida
* †Amphiscapha – tentative report
* †Amplexopora
* †Annularia
** †Annularia radiata
** †Annularia sphenophylloides
* †Arenicolites
* †Artisia
* †Atrypa
* †Aviculopecten
* †Bimuria
* Fossilized stems from the Carboniferous-Permian horsetail relative Calamites †Calamites
** †Calamites cisti
** †Calamites goepperti
** †Calamites suckowi
** †Calamites suckowii
** †Calamites undulatus
* †Campbelloceras
* †Caninia
* †Carinamala
* †Cavusgnathus
* †Cedaria
* †Christiania
* †Cladodus – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
* †Cleiothyridina
* †Composita
** †Composita subquadrata
* †Conocardium
* †Cordaites
* †Cornulites
* †Crania
* †Crepipora
* Fossil of the Carboniferous shark Ctenacanthus †Ctenacanthus
** †Ctenacanthus elegans
* †Ctenerpeton
* †Cyclopteris
* †Cystodictya
* †Decadocrinus
* †Deiracephalus
* †Dicoelosia
* †Diplichnites
** †Diplichnites gouldi
* †Dolorthoceras
* †Fenestella
* †Girvanella
* †Glyptagnostus
** †Glyptagnostus reticulatus
* †Gnathodus
** †Gnathodus bilineatus
* †Hindeodus
** †Hindeodus minutus
* †Innitagnostus
* †Kingstonia
** †Kingstonia appalachia
* †Kouphichnium
* Restoration of the Carboniferous-Late Triassic club moss relative Lepidodendron. Eli Heimans (1911). †Lepidodendron
** †Lepidodendron aculeatum
** †Lepidodendron obovatum
* †Lepidostrobus
* †Limnosaurus – type locality for genus
* †Lingulella
** †Lingulella alabamensis
** †Lingulella lirata
** †Lingulella pachyderma
* †Lochriea
* †Lyginopteris
** †Lyginopteris hoeninghausi
* †Meristina – tentative report
* †Naticopsis
* Nucula
* †Obolus
* †Paladin
* Fossils of the Late Devonian-Permian fern-like fronds Pecopteris †Pecopteris
** †Pecopteris arborescens
* †Pentremites
** †Pentremites laminatus
** †Pentremites tulipaformis
* †Petalodus – tentative report
* †Pinnularia
* †Platyceras
* †Platycrinites
* †Rachis
* Fossilized stump of the Carboniferous-Permian club moss relative Sigillaria †Sigillaria
** †Sigillaria elegans
** †Sigillaria ichthyolepis
** †Sigillaria scutella
** †Sigillaria scutellata
* †Skenidioides
* †Solenopora
* †Sphenophyllum
** †Sphenophyllum cuneifolium
** †Sphenophyllum emarginatum
* Fossilized foliage of the Late-Devonian-Cretaceous seed fern Sphenopteris †Sphenopteris
** †Sphenopteris brongniarti
** †Sphenopteris elegans
** †Sphenopteris herbacea
** †Sphenopteris pottsvillea
** †Sphenopteris pseudocristata
** †Sphenopteris schatzlarensis
* Spirorbis
* †Treptichnus
* †Undichna

## Mesozoic
### Selected Mesozoic taxa of Alabama

* Acirsa
* Acmaea
* †Acteon
* †Agerostrea
* †Albertosaurus
* †Albula
* †Ampullina
* †Ancilla
* †Anomia
* †Anomoeodus
* Fossilized skull and skeleton of the Late Cretaceous primitive tyrannosaur Appalachiosaurus †Appalachiosaurus – type locality for genus
** †Appalachiosaurus montgomeriensis – type locality for species
* Arca
* Architectonica
* Arrhoges
* Astarte
* †Avellana
* †Avitelmessus
** †Avitelmessus grapsoideus
* Fossilized shell of the Late Cretaceous ammonoid cephalopod Baculites †Baculites
** †Baculites arculus
** †Baculites asper – or unidentified comparable form
** †Baculites capensis
** †Baculites tippahensis
* †Bananogmius
** †Bananogmius crieleyi – type locality for species
** †Bananogmius zitteli – or unidentified comparable form
* †Banis
* Barbatia
* †Belemnitella
** †Belemnitella americana
* †Belemnitida
* Fossilized skeleton of the Late Cretaceous bony fish Belonostomus †Belonostomus
* Botula
** †Botula carolinensis
** †Botula conchafodentis
** †Botula ripleyana
* Brachidontes – tentative report
* †Bulla – tentative report
* Cadulus
* Caestocorbula
** †Caestocorbula crassaplica
** †Caestocorbula crassiplica
** †Caestocorbula percompressa
** †Caestocorbula suffalciata
** †Caestocorbula terramaria
* Callianassa
** †Callianassa mortoni
* †Calliomphalus
** †Calliomphalus americanus
** †Calliomphalus nudus
* Calyptraea
* Shells of modern Capulus cap sea snails Capulus
* †Caveola
* Cerithiella
** †Cerithiella nodoliratum – or unidentified related form
** †Cerithiella semirugatum
* Cerithiopsis
* Cerithium
* Charonia
* †Chelosphargis
** †Chelosphargis advena – or unidentified comparable form
* Chlamys
* †Chondrites
* Cidaris
* †Cimolichthys
** †Cimolichthys nepaholica
* Clavagella
* Life restoration of the Late Cretaceous mosasaurid Clidastes †Clidastes
** †Clidastes liodontus
** †Clidastes propython – type locality for species
* Cliona
* Corbula
* †Corsochelys – type locality for genus
* Crassostrea
* †Crenella
** †Crenella elegantula
** †Crenella senica
** †Crenella serica
* †Cretolamna
** †Cretolamna appendiculata
* Restoration of the Late Cretaceous shark Cretoxyrhina, or the Ginsu shark †Cretoxyrhina
** †Cretoxyrhina mantelli
* Crucibulum
* Ctenochelys – type locality for genus
** †Ctenochelys acris – type locality for species
** †Ctenochelys tenuitesta – type locality for species
* Cucullaea
** †Cucullaea capax
** †Cucullaea littlei
** †Cucullaea powersi – or unidentified comparable form
* Cuspidaria
** †Cuspidaria ampulla
** †Cuspidaria grandis
** †Cuspidaria grovensis
** †Cuspidaria jerseyensis – or unidentified comparable form
* Cylichna
** †Cylichna diversilirata
** †Cylichna incisa
* †Cymella
* Cypraea – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
* Dasmosmilia
** †Dasmosmilia kochii
** †Dasmosmilia reesidi
* Shell of a Dentalium tusk shell †Dentalium
** †Dentalium leve
** †Dentalium pauperculum
** †Dentalium ripleyana
* †Discosaurus
** †Discosaurus vetustus
* †Discoscaphites
** †Discoscaphites conradi
** †Discoscaphites iris
* †Dolicholatirus
* †Ecphora
* Edaphodon
** †Edaphodon barberi – type locality for species
** †Edaphodon mirificus
* †Enchodus
** †Enchodus petrosus
** †Enchodus saevus – or unidentified comparable form
* Restoration of the Late Cretaceous duck-billed dinosaur Eotrachodon †Eotrachodon – type locality for genus
** †Eotrachodon orientalis – type locality for species
* †Epitonium
** †Epitonium sillimani
* †Eulima
** †Eulima gracilistylis
** †Eulima monmouthensis
* †Euspira
* †Eutrephoceras
* †Exogyra
** †Exogyra costata
** †Exogyra ponderosa
** †Exogyra upatoiensis
* Fusinus
* †Gegania
* Gemmula
* †Gervillia
* Illustration of a reconstructed skull of the Late Cretaceous mosasaur Globidens †Globidens – type locality for genus
** †Globidens alabamensis – type locality for species
* Glossus
* Glycymeris
** †Glycymeris hamula
** †Glycymeris rotundata
** †Glycymeris subaustralis
* †Halimornis – type locality for genus
** †Halimornis thompsoni – type locality for species
* †Halisaurus
** †Halisaurus sternbergi
* †Hamulus
* Haustator
* †Helicoceras
* Hoplopteryx – tentative report
* †Hybodus
* †Ichthyodectes
** †Ichthyodectes ctenodon – or unidentified comparable form
* Restoration of the Late Cretaceous toothed bird Ichthyornis †Ichthyornis – type locality for genus
** †Ichthyornis dispar – type locality for species
* †Inoceramus
* †Ischyrhiza
** †Ischyrhiza mira
* Isognomon
* Lima
* Limatula
* †Linearis
* †Linter
* †Linthia
* Lithophaga
* Lopha
** †Lopha falcata
** †Lopha mesenterica
** †Lopha ucheensis
* Illustration of a fossilized skull of the Late Cretaceous duck-billed dinosaur Lophorhothon †Lophorhothon – type locality for genus
** †Lophorhothon atopus – type locality for species
* †Loxotoma
* †Lucina
* Martesia
* †Mathilda
* †Megalocoelacanthus – type locality for genus
** †Megalocoelacanthus dobiei – type locality for species
* Menippe
* †Modiolus
** †Modiolus sedesclaris
** †Modiolus sedesclarus
** †Modiolus trigonus
* †Moorevillia – type locality for genus
* †Morea
* †Neithea
** †Neithea bexarensis
** †Neithea quinquecostata
** †Neithea quinquecostatus
* Nozeba
* Nucula
** †Nucula camia
** †Nucula cuneifrons
** †Nucula percrassa
** †Nucula severnensis
* Odontaspis
* Ostrea
* †Pachydiscus
* †Pachymelania – tentative report
* Fossilized skeletons of the Late Cretaceous bony fish Pachyrhizodus †Pachyrhizodus
** †Pachyrhizodus caninus
** †Pachyrhizodus kingi
** †Pachyrhizodus minimus
* Pagurus
** †Pagurus convexus – type locality for species
* Panopea
* †Paranomia
* †Pecten
* Pholadomya
** †Pholadomya occidentalis
** †Pholadomya tippana
* †Pinna
* †Placenticeras
** †Placenticeras benningi
* †Plagiostoma
* †Platecarpus
* Plicatula
* Polinices
* Life restoration of the Late Cretaceous polycotylid plesiosaur Polycotylus giving birth †Polycotylus
** †Polycotylus latipinnis
* †Prognathodon
* †Protocardia
* †Protosphyraena
** †Protosphyraena nitida – tentative report
* †Protostega
** †Protostega dixie – type locality for species
** †Protostega gigas
* †Pseudocorax
** †Pseudocorax affinis
** †Pseudocorax laevis
* †Pteria
* †Pterotrigonia
** †Pterotrigonia angulicostata
** †Pterotrigonia cerulea
** †Pterotrigonia eufalensis
** †Pterotrigonia eufaulensis
** †Pterotrigonia thoracica
* †Ptychodus
** †Ptychodus mortoni
** †Ptychodus polygyrus
* †Ptychotrygon
* Pycnodonte
** †Pycnodonte belli
** †Pycnodonte mutabilis
** †Pycnodonte vesicularis
** †Pycnodonte wratheri
* Ringicula
** †Ringicula clarki
** †Ringicula pulchella
* Rissoina
* Rostellaria – tentative report
* †Sargana
* †Saurocephalus
** †Saurocephalus lanciformis – or unidentified comparable form
* Restoration of the Late Cretaceous bony fish Saurodon †Saurodon
** †Saurodon leanus
* †Saurornitholestes – or unidentified comparable form
* †Scapanorhynchus
** †Scapanorhynchus rapax
** †Scapanorhynchus rhaphiodon
* †Scaphites
* †Schizobasis
* Mounted fossilized skull and neck of the Late Cretaceous mosasaur Selmasaurus †Selmasaurus – type locality for genus
** †Selmasaurus russelli – type locality for species
* Serpula
* Solemya
* †Sphenodiscus
** †Sphenodiscus lobatus
** †Sphenodiscus pleurisepta
* †Spirorbula
* Spondylus
* Restoration of the Late Cretaceous shark Squalicorax Squalicorax
** †Squalicorax falcatus
** †Squalicorax pristodontus
* †Stratodus
* Teinostoma
* Tellina
* †Tenea
* Teredo
* †Thalassinoides
* Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Late Cretaceous sea turtle Toxochelys †Toxochelys
* Trachycardium
** †Trachycardium efaulense
** †Trachycardium eufaulense
** †Trachycardium eufaulensis
* Turritella
** †Turritella bilira
** †Turritella chalybeatensis
** †Turritella forgemoli – or unidentified comparable form
** †Turritella hilgardi
** †Turritella paravertebroides
** †Turritella tippana
** †Turritella trilira
** †Turritella vertebroides
* Restoration of the Late Cretaceous mosasaur Tylosaurus †Tylosaurus
** †Tylosaurus zangerli
* Xenophora
* †Xiphactinus
** †Xiphactinus audax

## Cenozoic
### Selected Cenozoic taxa of Alabama

* Abra
* Acanthocardia
* Accipiter
** Living adult (center) and chick (lower right) Accipiter striatus, or sharp-shinned hawks †Accipiter striatus
* Acirsa
* Aclis – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
* Acropora
* Acteocina
* Acteon
* †Adeorbis – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
* Aequipecten
* Aetobatus
* Agaronia
* Alaba
* Albula
* †Allomorone – type locality for genus
* A living Alopias, or thresher shark Alopias
* Amaura
* †Ambystoma
* Ampheristus
* †Ampullina
* Amusium
* Anas
** †Anas crecca
** †Anas platyrhynchos
* Ancilla
* Angaria – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
* Angulus
* Anodontia
* Anolis
** †Anolis carolinensis
* Anomia
* Antalis
* Apalone
** †Apalone spinifera
* †Aphelops
* Aplodinotus – tentative report
* Aporrhais
* Arca
* Architectonica
* †Arctodus
** †Arctodus simus
* †Area
* Argobuccinum
* Argyrotheca
* Astarte
* Asthenotoma
* Astrangia
* Astyris
* Athleta
* Atrina
* Restoration of the Paleocene-Miocene nautiloid cephalopod Aturia †Aturia
* Atys
* Aythya
** †Aythya collaris
** †Aythya valisineria – or unidentified comparable form
* Bactridium
* †Baculites
* Balanophyllia
* Balanus
* †Baluchicardia
* Barbatia
* Barnea
* Bartramia
** †Bartramia longicauda
* Life restoration of a pod of the Eocene whale Basilosaurus †Basilosaurus
** †Basilosaurus cetoides
* Bathytoma
** †Bathytoma nonplicata – or unidentified comparable form
* †Belosaepia
* Bison
** †Bison antiquus
* Bittium
* Blarina
** †Blarina carolinensis
* Bonasa
** †Bonasa umbellus
* †Bonellitia
* Botula
** †Botula carolinensis
* Brachidontes
* Branta
** A living Branta canadensis, or Canada goose †Branta canadensis
* Bufo
** †Bufo americanus
** †Bufo woodhousei
* Bullia
* †Burnhamia
* Busycon
* Cadulus
* Caestocorbula
* Callianassa
* A living Calliostoma top sea snail Calliostoma
* Callista
* Calyptraea
* Campanile
* Cancellaria
** †Cancellaria costata
* Canis
** †Canis rufus
* Cantharus
* Capulus
* Carcharhinus
* Carcharias
* Carphophis
* Caryophyllia
* Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Pleistocene giant beaver Castoroides †Castoroides
* †Catenicella
* Catoptrophorus
** †Catoptrophorus semipalmatus
* Centroberyx
* Cerithiella
* Cerithiopsis
* Cerithium – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
* Cervus
** †Cervus elaphus
* Chama
* Charonia
* Chiton
* Chlamys
* †Chlorophthalmus – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
* Chrysemys
** †Chrysemys picta
* †Chrysodomus – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
* Cibicides
* Cidaris
* Cirsotrema
* Clavatula – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
* Multiple views of a fossilized shell of the Paleocene-Pliocene spindle sea snail Clavilithes Clavilithes
* Cliona
* Closia
* Clypeaster
* Cochlespira
* Codakia – tentative report
* Colinus
** †Colinus virginianus
* Coluber
** †Coluber constrictor
* Columbellopsis
* Conomitra
* †Conorbis
* Conus
* Corbicula – tentative report
* Corbula
* Cordieria
* †Cormohipparion
* †Corvina
* Corvus
** †Corvus corax
* Life restoration of the Paleocene-Eocene pantodont mammal Coryphodon. Heinrich Harder (1920). †Coryphodon
* Crassostrea
** †Crassostrea alabamiensis
* Crenella
* Crepidula
* Crisia
* †Crommium
* Crotalus
** †Crotalus horridus
* Cryptobranchus
** †Cryptobranchus alleganiensis
* Cucullaea
* Cultellus
* Cuna
* Cuspidaria
* Cyanocitta
** †Cyanocitta cristata
* Cygnus
* Cylichna
* †Cylindracanthus
* Cyllene – or unidentified comparable form
* Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Eocene whale Cynthiacetus †Cynthiacetus
* Cypraea
* Cypraedia
* †Cytherideis
* Daphnella
* Dasyatis
* Dasypus
** †Dasypus bellus
* Dendrophyllia
* Dentalium
* Desmognathus
** †Desmognathus ochrophaeus
* Diadophis
** †Diadophis punctatus
* Dichocoenia
* †Dinematichthys
* †Dinohyus
** †Dinohyus hollandi – or unidentified related form
* Diodon – tentative report
* Diodora
* Discorbis
* Distorsio
* †Dolicholatirus – tentative report
* Donax
* Dorsanum
* Dosinia – tentative report
* Dumetella
** †Dumetella carolinensis
* †Echinopsis – tentative report
* †Ectopistes
** Taxidermied male Ectopistes migratorius, or passenger pigeon †Ectopistes migratorius
* †Egertonia
* Elaphe
** †Elaphe guttata – or unidentified comparable form
** †Elaphe vulpina
* †Elimia
* Emarginula
* †Eosurcula
* †Epicyon
** †Epicyon haydeni – or unidentified comparable form
* Epitonium
* Eptesicus
** †Eptesicus fuscus
* Equus
* Ervilia
* Erycina
* Eulima
* Eulimella – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
* Eupleura
* †Eurycea
* Euspira
* Euthria
* Illustration in multiple views of a fossilized shell of the Late Jurassic-Miocene nautiloid cephalopod Eutrephoceras †Eutrephoceras
* Evalea
* †Exilia
* †Exogyra
** †Exogyra costata
* Falco
** †Falco sparverius
* †Ficopsis
* Fimbria
* Fissurella
* Flabellum
* Fulgurofusus
* Fustiaria
* A living Galeocerdo requiem shark Galeocerdo
* Galeodea
* Galeorhinus
* Gari
* Gastrochaena
* Gavia
** †Gavia immer
* Gegania
* Gemma
* Genota
* Geodia
* Life restoration of the Eocene whale Georgiacetus †Georgiacetus
** †Georgiacetus vogtlensis
* †Gigantostrea
* Ginglymostoma
* Glossus
* Glycymeris
* Glyptoactis
* Goniopora
* Graptemys
** †Graptemys geographica
* A living Grus americana, or whooping crane Grus
* Gyroidina
* Haliaeetus
** †Haliaeetus leucocephalus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Hamulus
* Hastula
* Haustator
* Hemipristis
** †Hemipristis curvatus
* †Hemisurcula
* Heterodon
** †Heterodon platirhinos – or unidentified comparable form
* A living Heterodontus, or bullhead shark Heterodontus
* Hexaplex
* Hipponix
* Hyla
** †Hyla gratiosa
* †Hyposaurus
** †Hyposaurus rogersii
* Isognomon
* †Jefitchia
* Kuphus
* †Lacunaria
* Laevicardium
* Lamna
* Close-up of the head of a Lampropeltis , or kingsnake Lampropeltis
** †Lampropeltis getulus
** †Lampropeltis triangulum
* Latirus
* †Ledina
* Lepton
* Limacina
* Limaria
* Linga
* †Linthia
* †Linuparus
* Lithophaga
** †Lithophaga nigra – or unidentified related form
* Lithophyllum red algae Lithophyllum – tentative report
* Lithothamnion – tentative report
* Longchaeus
* Lopha
* Lucina
* Lunularia
* Lynx
** †Lynx rufus
* Macoma
* Macrocallista
* †Mammut
** Restoration of a Mammut americanum, or American mastodon †Mammut americanum
* †Mammuthus
** †Mammuthus columbi
* Margaretta
* Marginella
* Martesia
* †Mastigophora
* †Mathilda
* †Megalonyx
** †Megalonyx jeffersonii
* Melanella
* Melanerpes
** †Melanerpes carolinus – or unidentified comparable form
* Melanopsis
* Meleagris
** A wild male Meleagris gallopavo, or turkey, displaying his facial coloration and tail feathers to attract a female †Meleagris gallopavo
* Membranipora
* Meretrix
* Mergus
* Mesalia
* Mesophyllum
* Metula
* †Michela
* Microdrillia
* Micropora
* Microtus
** †Microtus pennsylvanicus
* Mitrella
* Mitrolumna
* Modiolus
* Murex
* Murexiella
* Myliobatis
* Fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Holocene peccary Mylohyus †Mylohyus
** †Mylohyus fossilis
* Myotis
** †Myotis lucifugus
* †Nannippus
* Narona
* Nassarius
* Natica
* Naticarius
* Nebrius
* Negaprion
* †Nemipterus
* Life restoration of a herd of Neohipparion. Robert Bruce Horsfall (1913). †Neohipparion
* Neotoma
** †Neotoma floridana
* Neritina
* Nerodia
* Neverita
* Niso
* Norrisia
* Nucula
* Nycticeius
** †Nycticeius humeralis
* Oculina – type locality for genus
* Odocoileus
** A living Odocoileus virginianus, or white-tailed deer †Odocoileus virginianus
* Odontaspis
* Odostomia
* Oliva
* Olivella
* Opheodrys
** †Opheodrys aestivus
* Ostrea
* †Otodus
* Otus
** †Otus asio
* †Oxyrhina
* †Pachecoa
* Restoration of the Cretaceous-Eocene sea snake Palaeophis †Palaeophis
* Panopea
* Panthera
** †Panthera onca
* Pasithea
* Pecten
* †Pediomeryx
* Pekania
** †Pekania pennanti
* Pelecyora
* Penion
* Peromyscus
* Petricola
* Phalium
* Philine
* Pholadomya
* Shell of a Pholas, or angelwing Pholas
* Phos
* Phyllodus
* Pica
** †Pica pica
* Picoides
** †Picoides villosus – or unidentified comparable form
* Pinna
* Pipistrellus
* Piranga
** †Piranga olivacea – or unidentified comparable form
* Pitar
* †Planaria – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
* Planorbis – or unidentified comparable form
* †Pleiolama
* Plethodon
** A living Plethodon glutinosus, or northern slimy salamander †Plethodon glutinosus
* Pleurofusia
* Pleuromeris
* †Pleurostoma
* Pleurotomaria – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
* Pleurotomella
* Plicatula
* Podilymbus
** †Podilymbus podiceps
* Shell of a Poirieria murex snail Poirieria
* Polinices
* Polyschides
* Pomatodelphis
* †Pontogeneus
* Porella
* Porina
* †Potamides – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
* Pristis
* Propeamussium
* †Protocardia
* Fossilized skeleton of the Miocene horse Protohippus †Protohippus
* Prunum
* Pseudemys
* †Pseudolatirus
* Pseudoliva
* Pteria
* Pterothrissus
* Pterynotus
* Pycnodonte
* Pyramidella
* †Pyrgulina
* Quinqueloculina
* Quiscalus
** †Quiscalus quiscula
* Raja
* †Rana
** †Rana catesbeiana
** †Rana pipiens
* Rangifer
** A living Rangifer tarandus, or reindeer †Rangifer tarandus
* Raphitoma
* Reithrodontomys
* Reteporella
* Retusa
* Rhinobatos
* Rhinoclavis
* Rhinoptera
* Rhizoprionodon
* Rhynchoconger
* Rimella
* Ringicula
* Fossilized shells of the sea snail Rissoina Rissoina
* Rostellaria
* †Rotularia
* Sassia
* Sayornis
** †Sayornis phoebe – or unidentified comparable form
* Scaphander
* Scaphella
* †Sceptrum
* Schizaster
* Illustration of a close-up view of a Schizoporella bryozoan ("moss animal") Schizoporella
* Scolopax
** †Scolopax minor
* Scyliorhinus
* Seila
* Semele
* Serpula
* Serpulorbis
* Siderastrea
* Sigatica
* Sinum
* Siphonalia
* Siphonochelus
* Skena
* Skenea
* Life restoration of the Pleistocene-Holocene saber-tooth cat Smilodon †Smilodon
** †Smilodon fatalis
* Solariella
* Solemya
* Sorex
* Sphyraena – tentative report
* Sphyrna
* Spilogale – tentative report
** †Spilogale putorius
* Spirorbis
* †Spirorbula – tentative report
* Spisula
* Spondylus
* Sterna
* Stomachetosella
* Storeria
* Fossilized teeth of the Paleocene-Miocene sandshark Striatolamia †Striatolamia
* Strioturbonilla
* Strix
** †Strix varia – or unidentified comparable form
* Strombus
* Stylophora
* Sveltella
* Sveltia
* Sylvilagus
* †Synthetoceras
** †Synthetoceras tricornatus – or unidentified comparable form
* Tapirus
* Teinostoma
* Restoration of the Miocene-Pliocene rhinoceros Teleoceras †Teleoceras
* Tellina
* Temnocidaris – tentative report
* Tenagodus
* Terebra
* Teredo
* Textularia
* Thamnophis
** †Thamnophis sirtalis
* Thiara
* Tornus
* Trachyphyllia
* Illustration of a living Trichiurus cutlassfish Trichiurus
* Trigonostoma
* †Trinacria
* Trionyx
* Triphora
* †Tripia
* Trochita
* Trochus – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
* Trophon
* Turbinella – or unidentified related form
* Turbo – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
* Turbonilla
* Turdus
** A living Turdus migratorius, or American robin †Turdus migratorius
* Turricula
* Turris
* Turritella
* Tylocidaris
* Tympanuchus
** †Tympanuchus cupido
* Umbraculum
* Ursus
** †Ursus americanus
* Venericardia
* Verticordia
* Vitrinella
* †Volvariella
* Xenophora
* Xylophaga
* Yoldia
* Life restoration of the Eocene whale Zygorhiza †Zygorhiza
** †Zygorhiza kochii – type locality for species