OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cognitive skill

Cognitive skills are skills of the mind, as opposed to other types of skills such as motor skills or social skills. Some examples of cognitive skills are literacy, self-reflection, logical reasoning, abstract thinking, critical thinking, introspection and mental arithmetic. Cognitive skills vary in processing complexity, and can range from more fundamental processes such as perception and various memory functions, to more sophisticated processes such as decision making, problem solving and metacognition.

## Specialisation of functions

Cognitive science has provided theories of how the brain works, and these have been of great interest to researchers who work in the empirical fields of brain science. A fundamental question is whether cognitive functions, for example visual processing and language, are autonomous modules, or to what extent the functions depend on each other. Research evidence points towards a middle position, and it is now generally accepted that there is a degree of modularity in aspects of brain organisation. In other words, cognitive skills or functions are specialised, but they also overlap or interact with each other. Deductive reasoning, on the other hand, has been shown to be related to either visual or linguistic processing, depending on the task; although there are also aspects that differ from them. All in all, research evidence does not provide strong support for classical models of cognitive psychology.

## Cognitive functioning

Cognitive functioning refers to a person's ability to process thoughts. It is defined as "the ability of an individual to perform the various mental activities most closely associated with learning and problem-solving. Examples include the verbal, spatial, psychomotor, and processing-speed ability." Cognition mainly refers to things like memory, speech, and the ability to learn new information. The brain is usually capable of learning new skills in the aforementioned areas, typically in early childhood, and of developing personal thoughts and beliefs about the world. Old age and disease may affect cognitive functioning, causing memory loss and trouble thinking of the right words while speaking or writing ("drawing a blank"). Multiple sclerosis (MS), for example, can eventually cause memory loss, an inability to grasp new concepts or information, and depleted verbal fluency.
Humans generally have a high capacity for cognitive functioning once born, so almost every person is capable of learning or remembering. Intelligence is tested with IQ tests and others, although these have issues with accuracy and completeness. In such tests, patients may be asked a series of questions, or to perform tasks, with each measuring a cognitive skill, such as level of consciousness, memory, awareness, problem-solving, motor skills, analytical abilities, or other similar concepts. Early childhood is when the brain is most malleable to orientate to tasks that are relevant in the person's environment.
# Homelessness in Vatican City

Homelessness in Vatican City is a minor social issue. A shelter has been established just outside the Vatican walls and was opened by Pope Francis. The shelter is called “Gift of Mercy” (“Dono di Misericordia”).
The pope has also organized for showers to be built in the public restrooms and allowed a deceased homeless man to be buried in the Vatican.
# John Rimmer (athlete)

John Thomas Rimmer (27 April 1878 – 6 June 1962) was a British athlete, winner of two gold medals at the 1900 Summer Olympics. Rimmer won the AAA Championships in 4 miles (6.4 km) at the 1900 AAA Championships. He was born in Birkdale, Merseyside. With two, he jointly held the record for the most Olympic titles in athletics by a British athlete.

## Biography

At the Paris Olympics, Rimmer at first participated in the 1500 metres competition, where he finished between seventh and ninth place. On the next day, Rimmer won the gruelling 4000 m steeplechase, beating teammate Charles Bennett by one and half yards. Together with Bennett, Alfred Tysoe, Sidney Robinson and Stan Rowley, Rimmer won a second Olympic title in 5000 m team race, finishing second behind Bennett.
As well as his AAA 4-mile win in 1900, he also came third three years in succession in the 10-mile race from 1899 to 1901. Rimmer also won the 1899 District cross-country event running as a member of Liverpool Harriers AC before joining Southport Harriers, he was unable to defend the title due to the club being outside the District, but he did win the title again in 1909 when running for Sefton Harriers, for whom he became president in 1951 till his death.
Rimmer joined the Liverpool City Police in 1901 and retired as sergeant 30 years later. He continued to run until he was well over the 50 years of age.
John Rimmer died in Anfield, Liverpool, aged 84.
He was proclaimed the "Fastest White Guy in Europe in 1900" on 13 April 2009 as part of the Europe Athletic Association (EAA) awards.
# La Belle au bois dormant (Carafa)

La Belle au bois dormant (French:; lit. 'The Sleeping Beauty in the Woods') is an opera in three acts by Michele Carafa to a French libretto by Eugène de Planard after the tale by Charles Perrault.
It was first performed on 2 March 1825 at the Salle Le Peletier of Paris Opera. The famous tenor Adolphe Nourrit created the role of the Prince. Choreography was by Pierre Gardel, and set design by Pierre-Luc-Charles Cicéri.

## Main roles

* Aurora, soprano
* The Queen, soprano
* The Prince, tenor
* Carabosse, baritone
* King Florestan, baritone
# Andrakovo, Gryazovetsky District, Vologda Oblast

Andrakovo (Russian: Андраково) is a rural locality (a village) in Sidorovskoye Rural Settlement, Gryazovetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 21 as of 2002.

## Geography

Andrakovo is located 29 km northwest of Gryazovets (the district's administrative centre) by road. Moshennikovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Hakea laevipes

Hakea laevipes is a shrub in the family Proteaceae. A widespread species found growing on coastal and tableland locations mainly in eastern New South Wales, with scattered populations in south-eastern Queensland.

## Description

Hakea laevipes is an erect bushy lignotuberous shrub 0.3–3 m (1–10 ft) high. Its branchlets are dark brown densely covered with short soft hairs at flowering time. The leaves are lance shaped tapering at each end to egg-shaped, occasionally spatula-shaped sometimes sickle shaped curving to a point, 5–12 cm (2–5 in) long and 4.5–30 mm (0.2–1 in) wide. The leaves have 3–5 longitudinal veins with conspicuous secondary veins. The fruit are broadly three dimensional to egg-shaped 20–30 mm (0.8–1 in) long and 13–21 mm (0.5–0.8 in) wide with a rough warty surface ending at the apex with an obscure beak. Cream flowers appear from October to January.

## Taxonomy and naming

Hakea laevipes was first formally described in 1919 by Michel Gandoger and the description was published in Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France. The specific epithet (laevipes) is derived from the Latin words laevis meaning "smooth", "polished" or "bald"$^{:722}$ and pes meaning "foot",$^{:343}$ since Gandoger described the species as having a smooth flower stalk. When Gandoger initially named the species, he compared it to H. leucopoda and H. incrassans, both synonyms of H. dactyloides. In 1973, John MacGillivray noted that the stalk of the individual flowers on the single specimen were not without hairs but possessing a "subsericeous indumentum", meaning closely pressed silky hairs. Therefore, despite its name, this species does have hairy flower stalks.
There are two subspecies:
* Hakea laevipes subsp. graniticola distribution is restricted to north-eastern New South Wales and south-eastern Queensland often in higher altitudes of the Great Dividing Range extending to the slopes of Warialda and possibly in the Yetman district usually growing in coarse sandy soil on granite outcrops. This subspecies differs from subspecies laevipes in having smooth flower stalks.
* Hakea laevipes subsp. laevipes distribution is similar to Hakea laevipes growing in the North, Central and South Coast and Tableland regions of New South Wales extending to the North Western Plains and in south-eastern Queensland but not extending as far north-west as subspecies graniticola. This subspecies has short soft hairs on the flower stalks.

## Distribution and habitat

Hakea laevipes is a widespread species growing from the coast to tablelands in N.S.W mostly on sandy soils in dry sclerophyll forest, woodland and heath. It is found to the north of Green Cape and inland to the Warialda and Yetman districts. It also grows in south-eastern Queensland.
* Leaf
* Fruit
# Shooting Range (film)

Shooting Range (Russian: Тир) is a 1979 Soviet animation film directed by Vladimir Tarasov. The film is twenty-one minutes long and is set to jazz music. It is a satirical critique of capitalism and life in the United States.

## Plot

In New York City, an unemployed young man (based on Holden Caulfield) finds a job in a shooting gallery as a living target. After a while, the man falls in love and lives in the gallery with his wife at gunpoint. Finally, they give birth to a baby, and the shooting range owner wants to use it as another target, too. Disgusted, the family flies off, but there are a lot of other unemployed people to fill their position.
# Saidu Musa Abdullahi

Saidu Musa Abdullahi mostly known as SMA (born May 31, 1979) is a Member of the Federal House of Representative, representing Bida/Katcha/Gbako federal constituency assumed office in June 2019.
He is the deputy chairman, House of Representatives' Committee on Finance; Secretary, Niger State Caucus of Ninth National Assembly; Member of House of Representatives' Committees on Public Petitions; Banking & Currency; Insurance & Acturial Matters; Federal Capital Territory; Agricultural Colleges & Institutions; and Interpaliamentary Affairs. Within few months of assumption of office as a lawmaker, Etsu Nupe and Chairman Niger State Council of Traditional Rulers, Alhaji Yahaya Abubakar(CFR) conferred on him the traditional title of Dan-Barije Nupe which was a few hours later elevated to Gorozon (Mesiah) of Nupe Kingdom.

## Education and career

He is a graduate of Economics of Ahmadu Bello University, (ABU) Zaria with a second class and had his master's degree in Development Studies from Bayero University, Kano with ten years of professional work experience, under three sectors which include Banking, and Oil/Gas. He started with the Zenith Bank Plc in 2000 and then Oando Plc being the sales manager in Adamawa, Jalingo, Benue, Kano, Jigawa. He is the COO of Gerawa Global Engineering Limited. Also in 2005, he was the spokesman in the Solitaire Economics Class at the Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, which took place in Abuja. He is the present Deputy Chairman of the House Committee on Finance.
He is the son of Musa Abdullahi a retired chief judge in Niger State High Court. He joined politics in 2019 under the platform of All Progressives Congress as a candidate of Bida/Gbako/Katcha Federal constituency in Niger State, in a statements by him that if the ticket of Gubernatorial election was not given to the present Governor as well as Muhammadu Buhari that it would be a diversion to him.

## Students Educational Pro-support

Saidu helps to support 100 students from his constituency for educational purposes in institutions such as Ibrahim Babangida University, Lapai Nigeria Army University Biu, Federal University of Technology Minna, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria and also made the arrangements of 2020, 2021 and 2022 Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination registering 2,500 candidates so far.
# Anaerolinea

Anaerolinea is a bacterial genus from the family of Anaerolineaceae.
# Zhdanovskaya, Cherepovetsky District, Vologda Oblast

Zhdanovskaya (Russian: Ждановская) is a rural locality (a village) in Abakanovskoye Rural Settlement, Cherepovetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 10 as of 2002. There are 4 streets.

## Geography

Zhdanovskaya is located 43 km northwest of Cherepovets (the district's administrative centre) by road. Ruzhbovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Maurice Owen

Maurice Owen (4 July 1924 – 8 July 2000) was an English professional footballer who scored 150 goals in 555 appearances in the Football League playing for Swindon Town.

## Early life

Born in Abingdon, Oxfordshire, Owen served as a Chindit in Burma during the latter years of World War II. He returned to Abingdon following the war, working as an apprentice in the MG factory in the town.

## Career

Owen joined Swindon from non-league side Abingdon Town in December 1946. He started his Swindon career in impressive goal scoring form, scoring sixteen times in seventeen matches during his first season, including a hattrick on his debut against Watford and a four-goal haul during a match against Mansfield Town. During his career, Swindon twice agreed a fee to sell Owen to other clubs, £14,000 to Norwich City in 1951 and £7,500 to Bristol City in 1955, but Owen rejected both moves, not wanting to move away from his home in Abingdon. There were also unsuccessful approaches from Portsmouth and Wolverhampton Wanderers. After his retirement, Owen commented on his refusal to move away from Swindon, stating:
"I would have liked to play in the First Division, I suppose, but not enough to make me move. To be honest, I was so happy at Swindon. They were a good club and I was among good friends. It was a joy to go to the County Ground every day."
Having started his career as a centre forward, he later moved back into defence. In all competitions he scored 164 goals from 601 appearances for the club. After he finished playing he joined Swindon's backroom staff, serving as a coach before working as a groundsman.

## Later life

Owen was married to his wife Marjorie for nearly 50 years. In his later years, he suffered with Alzheimer's disease for more than a decade and suffered a stroke in 1998. Still living in his hometown Abingdon, Oxfordshire, he died in 2000 at the age of 76.

## Career statistics

Source:
| Season | Team | League Apps | League Goals | Cup Apps | Cup Goals |
| 1962–63 | Swindon Town | 27 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| 1961–62 | Swindon Town | 44 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| 1960–61 | Swindon Town | 40 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| 1959–60 | Swindon Town | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1958–59 | Swindon Town | 36 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| 1957–58 | Swindon Town | 33 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| 1956–57 | Swindon Town | 37 | 7 | 2 | 0 |
| 1955–56 | Swindon Town | 44 | 13 | 5 | 2 |
| 1954–55 | Swindon Town | 33 | 12 | 1 | 0 |
| 1953–54 | Swindon Town | 29 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
| 1952–53 | Swindon Town | 40 | 17 | 3 | 4 |
| 1951–52 | Swindon Town | 41 | 18 | 9 | 6 |
| 1950–51 | Swindon Town | 28 | 9 | 0 | 0 |
| 1949–50 | Swindon Town | 29 | 10 | 2 | 1 |
| 1948–49 | Swindon Town | 42 | 17 | 1 | 1 |
| 1947–48 | Swindon Town | 35 | 16 | 6 | 1 |
| 1946–47 | Swindon Town | 17 | 16 | 0 | 0 |
# Ahmed Ben Cheikh Attoumane

Ahmed Ben Cheikh Attoumane (born 1938) is a former politician in the Comoros. A former presidential adviser, he served as Prime Minister of Comoros from 20 June 1993 until 2 January 1994, leaving his post amid a domestic crisis that saw public unrest. He replaced Saïd Ali Mohamed as Prime Minister.
# Herzogstand

The Herzogstand is a mountain in the Bavarian foothills of the Alps, 75 kilometres (47 mi) south of the city of Munich. It has an elevation of 1,731 metres (5,679 ft) and is northwest of Lake Walchen. Maximilian II of Bavaria had a hunting lodge built underneath today's so-called Herzogstand-house in 1857. His successor, King Ludwig II, had a royal lodge built further up the mountain in 1865. The Herzogstand Cable Car renewed in 1994 following a fire in 1992, runs to Herzogstand-house at 1,575 metres (5,167 ft) above sea level, and then continues on to the summit of Farnkopf at 1,627 metres (5,338 ft).
The most popular ascent (AV way 446) leads from the valley station of the aerial tramway across the south side to Herzogstand-house and on to the summit of the mountain. An alternative descent leads along the somewhat exposed but well-secured ridge to the Heimgarten mountain (1,790 metres/5,870 ft), passing a lodge to the south of the Ohlstaedter Alm (1,423 metres/4,669 ft). The descent east of the Rotwandkopf continues down to the spa town of Walchensee (Kochel).

## Transmitter

The summit of Herzogstand has been used since 1920 for radiotechnical purposes; a VLF transmission antenna was erected between 1920 and 1934. Today, an FM radio transmitter on Fahrenbergkopf broadcasts the following stations:
| Frequency | Program | ERP |
| 88.1 MHz | Bayern 1 (Reg. Obb.) | 0,1 kW |
| 91.0 MHz | Bayern 3 | 0,1 kW |
| 97.0 MHz | Bayern 2 (Reg. Obb.) | 0,1 kW |
| 99.9 MHz | Radio Alpenwelle | 0,1 kW |
| 102.0 MHz | Antenne Bayern | 0,1 kW |
| 104.1 MHz | 4 Klassik | 0,1 kW |
| 104.6 MHz | Radio Oberland | 0,1 kW |
| 106.7 MHz | B 5 aktuell | 0,1 kW |
Herzogstand was the site of Germany's first ionospheric sounding station in 1929. It operated until the end of World War II, when a mistranslated telegram seemed to request the relocation of its equipment. Later, it was discovered that the request was for a 'typical German record' and not their 'typical German recorder.'
# Slatina, Plovdiv Province

Slatina (Bulgarian: Слатина) is a village located in the Plovdiv Province, South Central Bulgaria and is part of the Karlovo Municipality.
The village is situated on the northern foothills of the Sredna Gora facing the Karlovo valley and the Balkan Mountains. The river Stryama flows in the vicinity of Slatina. It is located at 103 km to the east of the capital Sofia.

## Honour

Slatina Peak on Smith Island, South Shetland Islands is named after Slatina (Plovdiv Province) and few homonymous Bulgarian settlements.

## Footnotes

* ↑ "Bulgaria Guide, Slatina". Retrieved 20 May 2009.
* This Plovdiv Province, Bulgaria location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Luteococcus

Luteococcus is a bacterial genus from the family Propionibacteriaceae.

## Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
| 16S rRNA based LTP_08_2023 | 120 marker proteins based GTDB 08-RS214 |
| Luteococcus L. peritonei Collins et al. 2000 L. sediminum Fan et al. 2014 L. japonicus Tamura, Takeuchi & Yokota 1994 L. sanguinis Collins et al. 2003 | Luteococcus "Ca. L. avicola" Gilroy et al. 2021 L. japonicus |
# Ad hoc

Ad hoc is a Latin phrase meaning literally 'for this'. In English, it typically signifies a solution designed for a specific purpose, problem, or task rather than a generalized solution adaptable to collateral instances (compare with a priori).
Common examples include ad hoc committees and commissions created at the national or international level for a specific task, and the term is often used to describe arbitration (ad hoc arbitration). In other fields, the term could refer to a military unit created under special circumstances (see task force), a handcrafted network protocol (e.g., ad hoc network), a temporary collaboration among geographically-linked franchise locations (of a given national brand) to issue advertising coupons, or a purpose-specific equation in mathematics or science.
Ad hoc can also function as an adjective describing temporary, provisional, or improvised methods to deal with a particular problem, the tendency of which has given rise to the noun adhocism. This concept highlights the flexibility and adaptability often required in problem-solving across various domains.
In everyday language, "ad hoc" is sometimes used informally to describe improvised or makeshift solutions, emphasizing their temporary nature and specific applicability to immediate circumstances.

## Styling

Style guides disagree on whether Latin phrases like ad hoc should be italicized. The trend is not to use italics. For example, The Chicago Manual of Style recommends that familiar Latin phrases that are listed in the Webster's Dictionary, including "ad hoc", not be italicized.

## Hypothesis

In science and philosophy, ad hoc means the addition of extraneous hypotheses to a theory to save it from being falsified. Ad hoc hypotheses compensate for anomalies not anticipated by the theory in its unmodified form.
Scientists are often skeptical of scientific theories that rely on frequent, unsupported adjustments to sustain them. Ad hoc hypotheses are often characteristic of pseudo-scientific subjects such as homeopathy.

## In the military

In the military, ad hoc units are created during unpredictable situations, when the cooperation between different units is suddenly needed for fast action, or from remnants of previous units which have been overrun or otherwise whittled down.

## In governance

In national and sub-national governance, ad hoc bodies may be established to deal with specific problems not easily accommodated by the current structure of governance or to address multi-faceted issues spanning several areas of governance. In the UK and other commonwealth countries, ad hoc Royal Commissions may be set up to address specific questions as directed by parliament.

## In diplomacy

In diplomacy, diplomats may be appointed by a government as special envoys, or diplomats who serve on a ad hoc basis due to the possibility that such envoys' offices may either not be retained by a future government or may only exist during the duration of a relevant cause.

## Networking

The term ad hoc networking typically refers to a system of network elements that combine to form a network requiring little or no planning.
# Bencomo

Bencomo (Spanish pronunciation:; c. 1438 – 1495) was the penultimate mencey or king of Taoro, a Guanche menceyato on the island of Tenerife. He fought in the First Battle of Acentejo, a victory for the Guanches against the invading Castilians, after having refused the terms of Alonso Fernández de Lugo. He may have perished on the heights of San Roque during the Battle of Aguere alongside his brother Tinguaro.
He had several children, including Adjona, Dácil, Bentor, Ruiman, Rosalva, Chachiñama, and Tiñate. Bentor succeeded him as mencey until his suicide in February 1495.
# Barnes Bridge railway station

Barnes Bridge railway station, in Travelcard Zone 3, is on The Terrace, Barnes in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, in south west London. The station and all trains serving it are operated by South Western Railway. It is on the Hounslow Loop Line, 12 km (71⁄2 miles) south west of London Waterloo.
It was opened on 12 March 1916 on the Surrey side of the River Thames on the embankment leading to Barnes Railway Bridge, from which it takes its name.
The station, which is not wheelchair-accessible, has an ornate entrance facing the river. Stairs lead up to the two platforms, each with a modest shelter. The old ticket office is now used as a physiotherapy clinic.
Barnes Bridge railway station is more central to Barnes than Barnes railway station. Passenger numbers are swelled on Boat Race days.

## Services

All services at Barnes Bridge are operated by South Western Railway.
The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:
* 2 tph to London Waterloo via Barnes
* 2 tph to Weybridge via Hounslow
Additional services, including trains to and from London Waterloo via Richmond call at the station during the peak hours.
On Sundays, the service is reduced to hourly in each direction and westbound trains run to and from Woking instead of Weybridge.
| Preceding station | National Rail | National Rail | National Rail | Following station |
| Barnes | | South Western Railway Hounslow Loop Line | | Chiswick |

## Connections

London Buses routes 209, 378, 419, 533, mobility route 969 and night route N22 serve the station.