OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Topchiyska reka

The Topchiyska reka (Bulgarian: Топчийска река) is a river in northeastern Bulgaria, a right tributary of the Danube. Its length is 89 km. Part of the river valley forms the western boundary of the Ludogorie region.
The Topchiyska reka takes its source from a spring at an altitude of 293 m in the western part of the Ludogorets Plateau, about a kilometer southeast the village of Lipnik and close to the town of Razgrad. With the exception of its uppermost course, the river flows in a deep valley cut in Aptian limestones. It flows north until the village of Pobit Kamak, then west until Topchii and then north again. West of the town of Kubrat the Topchiyska reka dries up, its valley heading west and until taking a final turn north. At the village of Malko Vranovo it reaches the Pobrezhie Plain, there the river bed is replaced by irrigation and drainage canals. It flows into the Danube in front of the Bulgarian island of Mishka at an altitude of 14 m.
Its drainage basin covers a territory of 660 km$^2$ or 0.08% of the Danube's total. The river has irregular water flow and low annual discharge. The river density in its basin is very low, between 0.1 and 0.2 km/km$^2$.
The Topchiyska reka flows in Razgrad and Ruse Provinces. There are five villages along its course, Pobit Kamak and Topchii in Razgrad Municipality, Kameno in Kubrat Municipality, as well as Malko Vranovo and Golyamo Vranovo in Slivo Pole Municipality. The former three are in Razgrad Province, and the latter fall within two in Ruse Province. Its waters in the upper and lower course are utilized for irrigation.
A 14.5 km section of the second class II-49 road Targovishte–Razgrad–Tutrakan follows the river valley.

## Citations

* 1 2 3 4 Geographic Dictionary of Bulgaria 1980, p. 497
* 1 2 "Water Resources". Official Site of Kubrat Municipality. Retrieved 22 November 2024.
* ↑ "A Map of the Republican Road Network of Bulgaria". Official Site of the Road Infrastructure Agency. Retrieved 22 November 2024.
# Thomas Ambler

Thomas Ambler (1838 – 1920) was an English architect, living and working in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England.
Ambler was a friend of the Mayor of Leeds and Member of Parliament, John Barran, who became his patron.
Among Ambler's surviving works are the Grade II* listed Moorish factory (now offices) of St Paul's House in Park Square, Leeds, Grade II listed buildings on the south side of Boar Lane, St James's Hall in New York Street, and the Grade II listed Alf Cooke printworks in Hunslet Road which now forms part of the Printworks Campus of Leeds City College.
# Sergei Yakhontov

Sergey E. Yakhontov (Russian: Серге́й Евге́ньевич Я́хонтов, Sergej Jevgen'evič Jachontov; December 13, 1926 in Leningrad – 28 January 2018) was a Russian linguist, an expert in Chinese, comparative, and general linguistics. He was the son of astronomer Nataliya Sergeevna Samoilova-Yakhontova. In 1950, he was graduated from the Oriental Faculty of Leningrad State University. In 1962–1963, he underwent training in Beijing and visited Nanyang University (Singapore) from 1971 to 1972. He taught at the Oriental Faculty of St. Petersburg State University.
Yakhontov studied under Alexander Dragunov and developed on many ideas of his teacher, creating the Leningrad (St. Petersburg) school of Sino-Tibetan linguistics. He published dozens of articles, many translated into English, Chinese, and Japanese. In particular, he made major contributions to Old Chinese phonology, proposing the *l medial (now commonly treated as *r) and a rounded vowel *o, which led to the six vowel system that is now accepted by most researchers.

## Works

* Яхонтов С.Е. (1957). Категория глагола в китайском языке / Kategorija glagola v kitajskom jazyke [The category of verb in Chinese]. Leningrad: ЛГУ/LGU.
** Chinese translation: 雅洪托夫 С. Е. 汉语动词范畴. 北京 : 中华书局. 1958. 188页. (中国语文丛书).
* Яхонтов С.Е. "Фонетика китайского языка I тысячелетия до н.э. (система финалей). [Chinese phonology of the 1st millennium BC (system of finals)]", Проблемы востоковедения 2 (1959): 137–147.
** translation by Jerry Norman: "Chinese phonology of the first millennium BC", Unicorn 1 (1968): 47–65.
* Яхонтов С.Е. "Фонетика китайского языка I тысячелетия до н.э. (лабиализованные гласные). [Chinese phonology of the 1st millennium BC (labialized vowels)]", Проблемы востоковедения 6 (1960): 102–115.
** translation by Jerry Norman: "The phonology of Chinese in the first millennium BC (rounded vowels)", Unicorn 6 (1970): 52–75.
* Яхонтов С.Е. (1963). "Сочетания согласных в древнекитайском языке [Consonant clusters in Old Chinese]", Труды двадцать пятого международного конгресса востоковедов, Moscow, 9–16 August 1960 г. Moscow: Издательство восточной литературы/Izdatel'stvo vostočnoj literatury. T. 5, 89–95.
* Яхонтов С.Е. (1965). Древнекитайский язык / Drevnekitajskij jazyk [Old Chinese]. Moscow: Издательство "Наука" / Izdatel'stvo 'Nauka'.
** translation of chapter 2 (Phonetics) by Jerry Norman: "Old Chinese Phonology", Early China 4 (1978–1979): 37–40. JSTOR 23351387, doi:10.1017/S0362502800005873.
* 谢・叶・雅洪托夫, 唐作藩 Táng Zuòfān, 胡双宝 Hú Shuāngbǎo (1986). 汉语史论集 [Works on the history of Chinese]. Beijing: Peking University Press. OCLC 632032171.
# Malice murder

Malice murder is a criminal offense in the U.S. state of Georgia, committed when a homicide is done with express or implied malice.

## Definition

According to Georgia law, express malice is "that deliberate intention unlawfully to take the life of another human being which is manifested by external circumstances capable of proof." Malice is implied when "no considerable provocation appears and where all the circumstances of the killing show an abandoned and malignant heart [AMH]." The offense is similar to first-degree murder in other states.

## Notable examples

* Kelly Gissendaner was found guilty of malice murder in 1998 and executed in 2015.
* Members of the FEAR terrorist group were charged with malice murder in 2012.
* Alberto Martinez was convicted of malice murder in 2004 in the murder of Richard T. Davis.
* Stephen Anthony Mobley was convicted of both malice murder and felony murder. He was executed in 2005.
* Justin Ross Harris of Marietta, Georgia, was convicted in November 2016 of malice murder and felony murder in the June 2014 death of his 22-month-old son, Cooper. In June 2022, his murder convictions were overturned. He was subsequently exonerated of the charges in May 2023.
* Robert Aaron Long pleaded guilty to four counts of malice murder and felony murder in four of the deaths in the 2021 Atlanta spa shootings, and is facing four more counts of malice murder and felony murder in the other four deaths.
* Travis McMichael of Brunswick, Georgia, was convicted in November 2021 of malice murder in the February 2020 murder of Ahmaud Arbery.
* In early February 2021, rapper Silentó was arrested on charges of malice murder and felony murder.
* Tiffany Nicole Moss was convicted in 2019 of malice murder in the 2013 murder of her 10-year old step-daughter, Emani Moss. Tiffany was subsequently sentenced to death.
* Robert Dale Conklin was put to death via lethal injection in 2005 for the 1984 malice murder and dismemberment of his homosexual lover and lawyer George Grant Crooks.
* In 2024, José Antonio Ibarra was sentenced to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole for the felony murder and malice murder of 22-year-old nursing student Laken Riley in Athens, Georgia.
# George Tobin (American football)

George Edward Tobin (July 9, 1921 – January 2, 1999) was an American football guard who played one season with the New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at the University of Notre Dame and attended Marianapolis Preparatory School in Thompson, Connecticut.

## College career

Tobin played for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish, lettering for the team in 1942 and 1946. He served in the United States military during World War II from 1943 to 1945.

## Professional career

In 1947, Tobin's head coach at Notre Dame Frank Leahy advised him to leave the school and accept a $5,000 offer to play for the NFL's New York Giants. Leahy thought that Tobin would be a starter with the Giants but would not see as much playing time on the talented Fighting Irish. Tobin played in eleven games for the Giants during the 1947 season.
# Kremlin, Wisconsin

Kremlin is an unincorporated community located in the town of Pembine, Marinette County, Wisconsin, United States.

## Geography

Kremlin is located along the Canadian National Railway 12 miles (19 km) southeast of Niagara. It stand at the east end of Kremlin Road, where it intersects with Chapman Road, at an elevation of 843 feet (257 m). It is connected by road to Pembine to the west and by rail to Faithorn, Michigan to the east. The Menominee River flows to the east, past Nose Peak Island and the Pemebonwon Islands. Kimlark Lake (elevation 810 ft or 250 m) lies immediately to the north of Kremlin, and Long Lake (elevation 806 ft or 246 m) to the west.

## Name

Kremlin was named after the Moscow Kremlin in 1886 by English financiers of the railroad through the settlement, possibly because relatives of the financiers were married to Russian nobility.

## History

There was formerly a post office in Kremlin. On January 2, 1909, the last known cougar sighting in Wisconsin occurred at Kremlin until the species reappeared in the state in 2009. In 1939, the company Flintkote Roofing established a plant in Kremlin to produce crushed stone for roofing, operated by the Staso Milling Company. The plant was then owned by the Central Commercial Company and then the Ruberoid Company, which merged to create GAF Materials Corporation in 1967. A reforestation program was started in Kremlin in 1946, involving the planting of 550,000 white pine, red pine, and jack pine. In 1982 a natural gas pipeline was built to the area to power the mining operations; the gas was supplied from a Michigan Consolidated Gas substation south of Vulcan, Michigan, and the pipeline runs under the Menominee River and Sturgeon River.

## Industry

Kremlin is currently the location of a Specialty Granules Incorporated (SGI) plant, where there is an open-pit quarry for meta-andesite rock. The rock is crushed and processed into semi-ceramic coated colored roofing granules at the site.
# Sobolevo, Ustyuzhensky District, Vologda Oblast

Sobolevo (Russian: Соболево) is a rural locality (a village) and the administrative center of Soshnevskoye Rural Settlement, Ustyuzhensky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 348 as of 2002. There are 6 streets.

## Geography

Sobolevo is located 6 km (3.7 mi) southeast of Ustyuzhna (the district's administrative centre) by road. Timofeyevskoye is the nearest rural locality.
# Erik Solem

Erik Toralf Solem (23 August 1877 – 15 July 1949) was a Norwegian judge.
He was born in Kristiania. He worked as a Supreme Court barrister from 1905, district stipendiary magistrate (sorenskriver) from 1912 to 1927 and acting professor of jurisprudence from 1931 to 1932. He served as a Supreme Court Justice from 1938 to 1948, except for the period between December 1940 and May 1945, during the German occupation of Norway. During those years, he was a member of the Norwegian resistance movement´s leadership and viewed as the successor of Paal Berg should Berg die. Following the end of the occupation he was active in the legal purge, as an ad hoc presiding judge in Eidsivating. Among others, he presided over the case where Vidkun Quisling was sentenced to death for high treason. Harsh in his sentencing, he was nicknamed "Erik Bloodaxe" by some, but later remitted some of his own sentences.
# Shurovo

Shurovo (Russian: Шурово) is a rural locality (a village) in Yaganovskoye Rural Settlement, Cherepovetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 18 as of 2002.

## Geography

Shurovo is located 31 km north-west of Cherepovets (the district's administrative centre) by road. Yaganovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Nick Forbes

Nicholas Ian Forbes CBE (born 8 November 1973) is a British politician who served as the Leader of the Labour Group of the Local Government Association from 2016 to 2022. He was Leader of Newcastle City Council from 2011 to 2022. In 2020, Forbes was appointed to Labour Leader Keir Starmer's Shadow Cabinet, serving until 2022

## Early life

Nicholas Ian Forbes was born on 8 November 1973 in County Durham. He is openly gay and a patron of LGBT+ Labour.
Forbes attended Wolsingham Comprehensive School in Weardale, County Durham, before studying social and political sciences at Selwyn College, Cambridge, where he obtained an upper second class honours degree. He later studied for a management diploma from Sheffield Hallam University, and a master's degree in music from the Open University.

## Political career

Nick Forbes became a councillor in May 2000, representing the Westgate part of the city, and went on to become leader of the Labour group in May 2007. In 2011, he became leader of the council following the 2011 local elections which saw the Liberal Democrats suffer heavy losses across the city, as well as nationally. He has been an extensive critic of the government's fiscal policy of cuts in funding to local government, and defended a policy of particularly cutting arts funding in the city in response. Forbes is critical of Universal Credit.
In February 2016, Forbes succeeded Jim McMahon as Labour's leader of the Local Government Association. According to the LGA's website, Forbes "has played a leading role in raising the profile of local government in a time of austerity made economic growth a key feature of his council, securing new financial powers by negotiating one of the first round of City Deals with government. He has worked with leaders from across England to secure devolution packages for local government." Forbes also served as the LGA's Senior Vice Chair.
In 2019, Forbes unsuccessfully sought selection to be Labour's candidate in the 2019 North of Tyne mayoral election, losing to Jamie Driscoll.
As a result of being deselected by the Labour branch in his Arthur's Hill seat ahead of the 2022 council election, Forbes stepped down as Labour group leader. He stepped down as leader of the city council on 5 May 2022.

## Honours

Forbes was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2019 New Year Honours for services to local government.
# 363 Galilee earthquake

The Galilee earthquake of 363 was a pair of severe earthquakes that shook the Galilee and nearby regions on May 18 and 19. The maximum perceived intensity for the events was estimated to be X (Very destructive) on the European macroseismic scale. The earthquakes occurred on the portion of the Dead Sea Transform (DST) fault system between the Dead Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba.

## Impact

Sepphoris, north-northwest of Nazareth, was severely damaged. Nabratein and the Nabratein synagogue (northeast of Safed) were destroyed. The earthquake may have been responsible for the failure of the plan to rebuild the Temple in Jerusalem with the permission of the Emperor Julian.
Petra, in what is now Jordan, was fatally damaged.
# Johan Conrad van Hasselt

Johan Conrad van Hasselt (occasionally Johan Coenraad van Hasselt; 24 June 1797 in Doesburg – 8 September 1823), was a Dutch physician, zoologist, botanist and mycologist.
Conrad van Hasselt studied medicine at the University of Groningen.
In 1820 he went on an expedition to the island of Java, then part of the colonial Dutch East Indies, with his friend Heinrich Kuhl, to study the fauna and flora of the island. They sailed from Texel on 11 July, stopping at Madeira, the Cape of Good Hope and Cocos Island and arriving in Batavia in December 1820. Kuhl died after eight months, van Hasselt continued the work for another two years before dying (like Kuhl) of disease and exhaustion. This followed a journey to Bantam. They sent the Museum of Leiden 200 skeletons, 200 skins of mammals from 65 species, 2,000 bird skins, 1,400 fish, 300 reptiles and amphibians, and many insects and crustaceans.

## Works

* Heinrich Kuhl and Johan Conrad van Hasselt. 1820. Beiträge zur Zoologie und Vergleichende anatomie (Contributions to zoology and comparative anatomy). Ed. Hermann. 212 pp.
* 1820 Dissertatio medico-anatomical observation of metamorphosi inauguralis exhibens quarumdam partium Ranae temporariae ... Ed apud I. Oomkens. 51 pp.
* Tyson R Roberts. 1993. The freshwater fishes of Java, as observed by Kuhl and van Hasselt in 1820-23. Leiden : Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum. 94 pp.

## Commemorations

* Hasseltia (H.B.K. 1825); botanical family Salicaceae.
* Hasseltiopsis (Sleumer 1938); botanical family Salicaceae.
* Kuhlhasseltia, named with Heinrich Kuhl (J.J.Sm. 1910); botanical family Orchidaceae.
# George Bruce (writer)

George Bruce (15 September 1898 – 6 September 1974) was an American writer, best known for his screenplays for film and television. He started writing when nine years old and began writing professionally for magazines in 1920. Bruce was a hugely prolific and popular writer of books and stories for pulp magazines. At one stage he was earning $50,000 a year from the pulps.
Bruce started writing screenplays in the mid-1930s when he sold stories to Hollywood. He was a regular writer for producer Edward Small, particularly of swashbucklers.
Quentin Tarantino called him "a terrific screenwriter".
He was married to actress Inez Torrens.

## Select films

* Navy Blue and Gold (1937) - writer, original story
* The Crowd Roars (1938) - writer, original story
* The Duke of West Point (1938) - writer
* King of the Turf (1939) - writer
* The Man in the Iron Mask (1939) - writer
* The Son of Monte Cristo (1940) - writer
* Kit Carson (1940) - writer
* South of Pago Pago (1940) - writer
* The Corsican Brothers (1941) - writer
* Miss Annie Rooney (1942) - writer
* Stand by for Action (1942) - writer
* Salute to the Marines (1943) - writer
* Two Years Before the Mast (1946) - writer
* Killer McCoy (1947) - writer
* Walk a Crooked Mile (1948) - writer
* Rogues of Sherwood Forest (1950) - writer
* Kansas City Confidential (1952) - writer
# Šulentić

Sulentic, Šulentić is a Croatian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ive Sulentic (born 1979), Canadian soccer player
* Zlatko Šulentić (1893–1971), Croatian painter
# Athletics at the 1971 Pan American Games – Men's hammer throw

The men's hammer throw event at the 1971 Pan American Games was held in Cali on 4 August.

## Results

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Result | Notes |
| | Al Hal | United States | 65.84 | GR |
| | George Frenn | United States | 65.68 | |
| | Darwin Piñeyrúa | Uruguay | 61.54 | |
| 4 | Víctor Suárez | Cuba | 59.56 | |
| 5 | José Alberto Vallejo | Argentina | 59.46 | |
| 6 | Celso de Moraes | Brazil | 55.70 | |
| 7 | Pedro Granell | Puerto Rico | 52.10 | |
| 8 | Gustavo Morales | Nicaragua | 47.96 | |
# Shukhobod

Shukhobod (Russian: Шухободь) is a rural locality (a selo) in Abakanovskoye Rural Settlement, Cherepovetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,542 as of 2002. There are 4 streets.

## Geography

Shukhobod is located 29 km northwest of Cherepovets (the district's administrative centre) by road. Korablevo is the nearest rural locality.
# Dick Locher

Richard Earl Locher (June 4, 1929 – August 6, 2017) was an American syndicated cartoonist.

## Early life and career

Locher was born in Dubuque, Iowa. After high school, he began studying art at the University of Iowa and the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts. While in Chicago, he became an assistant to Rick Yager, who was drawing Buck Rogers at the time. However, he left the job after a few months to enlist in the Air Force, where he became a test pilot. While at the Air Force, he began freelancing for the Stars and Stripes.
In 1957, he began assisting Chester Gould on Dick Tracy, where he inked the figures and colored the Sunday strips. He also contributed to a story that was cited in Gould's 1959 Reuben award. He left the strip in 1961 to work on other areas, including starting an advertising company, where he worked on designing characters for McDonald's.
Locher kept in touch with Chester Gould even after leaving the strip. In 1973, an editorial cartoonist position at the Chicago Tribune opened up and Gould recommended Locher to take the position. Despite having no experience in editorial cartooning, the Tribune hired Locher. Locher retired May 1, 2013.
Locher, working with his son John, returned to work on Dick Tracy in 1983, when its previous cartoonist, Rick Fletcher, died. That same year, he won the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning. In 2009, Jim Brozman took over the drawing of Dick Tracy; however Locher continued to write the storylines and contributed sketches. In 2011, Locher retired from Dick Tracy and handed the reins to the new creative team of Mike Curtis and Joe Staton. Locher's last Dick Tracy strip was published Sunday, March 13, 2011.
In 2006, Locher was inducted into the Oklahoma Cartoonists Hall of Fame in Pauls Valley, Oklahoma by Michael Vance. The Oklahoma Cartoonists Collection, created by Vance, is located in the Toy and Action Figure Museum.
In 2013, Locher helped design and make a 9.5-foot bronze statue of Naperville's founding father, Capt. Joseph Naper.

## Personal life

Locher lived in Naperville, Illinois, with his wife, Mary, at the time of his passing.
Locher had three children: Stephen, who lives in the Chicago area; John, who died in 1986; and Jana, who lives in Colorado.
The new Land of Lincoln Trophy designed by Dick Locher goes to the winner of the Northwestern-Illinois college football game.
Locher died on August 6, 2017, in Naperville, Illinois, aged 88. His death was caused by complications from Parkinson's disease.
# Handball at the 2022 European Youth Summer Olympic Festival

Handball at the 2022 European Youth Summer Olympic Festival was held at the Handball Hall Detva in Detva, Slovakia and Handball Hall Zvolen in Zvolen, Slovakia from 25 to 30 July 2022.

## Medalists

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Boys | Germany (GER) | Denmark (DEN) | Portugal (POR) |
| Girls | Hungary (HUN) | Denmark (DEN) | Norway (NOR) |
# Solitude, Dominance, Tragedy

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metal Crypt | 3/5 |
| Metal.de | 7/10 |
| MetalReviews | 90/100 |
| Metal-Temple | 10/10 |
| RockHard | 8.5/10 |
Solitude, Dominance, Tragedy is the second studio album by Swedish progressive metal band Evergrey. It was released on 17 May 1999 through Gothenburg Noiseworks/Hall of Sermon. It was re-issued and re-released in 2004 via Inside Out Music, and in 2017 via AFM Records. Recording sessions took place at Los Angered Recordings in Gothenburg from February to April 1999. Production was handled by Andy LaRocque and Evergrey themselves. It is the last album to feature original bassist Daniel Nojd and guitarist Dan Bronell.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Tom S. Englund except tracks 4-6 written with Daniel Nojd, Dan Bronell and Patrick Carlsson; all music is composed by Evergrey

## Personnel
### Evergrey

* Tom S. Englund – vocals, guitars, lyrics, keyboards arrangement, producer
* Daniel Nojd – backing vocals, bass, lyrics (tracks: 4–6), keyboards arrangement, producer
* Dan Bronell – guitars, lyrics (tracks: 4–6), keyboards arrangement, producer
* Patrick Carlsson – drums, lyrics (tracks: 4–6), keyboards arrangement, producer

### Additional credits

* Carina Kjellberg – female vocals, choir arrangement
* The Mercury Choir – choir
* Erik Ask – harp
* Stuart Wyatt – six-string violin
* Zachary Stephens – keyboards
* Anders Allhage – mixing, engineering, producer
* Kristian "Rizza" Isaksson – additional technician
* Kristian Wåhlin – cover
* Samuel Durling – cover
* Kenneth Johansson – photography
# Selishche, Ustyuzhensky District, Vologda Oblast

Selishche (Russian: Селище) is a rural locality (a village) in Posyolok imeni Zhelyabovo, Ustyuzhensky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 42 as of 2002. There are 5 streets.

## Geography

Selishche is located 22 km (14 mi) northeast of Ustyuzhna (the district's administrative centre) by road. Osnopolye is the nearest rural locality.