OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Philip Sears

Philip Shelton Sears (November 12, 1867 – March 10, 1953) was an American tennis player and sculptor.

## Early life

He was the son of Frederic Richard Sears and Albertina Homer Shelton. His twin brother was Herbert M. Sears, and older brother Richard Sears, was also a tennis player, and won the US Open singles in its first seven years, from 1881 to 1887, and the doubles for six years from 1882 to 1887, after which he retired from tennis. He won the NCAA Men's Tennis Championship in 1887 and 1888 while at Harvard University. He would later graduate from Harvard Law School in 1892.

## Tennis career

In 1884 he played his first singles event at the Longwood Cricket Club Tournament, the same year he was a losing finalist at the Lenox Invitation to Walter Van Rensselaer Berry.
In 1887 he reached the finals of the Wentworth Open losing to Henry Slocum.
Sears reached the semifinals of the U.S. National Championships in 1888, and the quarterfinals in 1887. He also won the U.S. Intercollegiate Championships two times in 1887 and 1888.
In 1888 he won the Wellesley Open against Arthur Williston
In 1890 he won the Lenox Invitation tournament in New York City against Oliver Samuel Campbell. In 1891 he finished runner-up to Edward L. Hall at the Longwood Bowl tournament.

## Sculptor

He was active as a sculptor in Boston. His work was part of the art competitions at the 1928 Summer Olympics and the 1932 Summer Olympics.
In 2007, the original statue from which the one at Fruitlands Museum was used to create its current life-sized Pumanangwet (He Who Shoots the Stars), sold for $11,250 at Christie's in Beverly Hills; the life-size version, placed in the 1920s and pictured, left, is located at the Fruitlands Museum in Harvard, MA.

## Personal life

His son Mason Sears (1899-1973) was a member of the Massachusetts General Court and the chairman of the Massachusetts Republican Party.
# 1996 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Men's 5000 metres

The men's 5000 metres event at the 1996 World Junior Championships in Athletics was held in Sydney, Australia, at International Athletic Centre on 23 and 25 August.

## Medalists

| Gold | Assefa Mezegebu Ethiopia |
| Silver | David Chelule Kenya |
| Bronze | Aaron Gabonewe South Africa |

## Results
### Final

25 August
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | Assefa Mezegebu | Ethiopia | 13:35.30 |
| | David Chelule | Kenya | 13:36.27 |
| | Aaron Gabonewe | South Africa | 13:46.19 |
| 4 | Tetsuhiro Furuta | Japan | 13:46.59 |
| 5 | Marko Hhawu | Tanzania | 13:52.51 |
| 6 | Godfrey Nyombi | Uganda | 13:55.92 |
| 7 | Yuki Yamamoto | Japan | 14:06.59 |
| 8 | John Gilay | Tanzania | 14:07.93 |
| 9 | Adrian Maghiar | Romania | 14:08.35 |
| 10 | Janko Benša | Yugoslavia | 14:12.13 |
| 11 | Stephen Njenga | Kenya | 14:24.18 |
| 12 | Sebastian Hallmann | Germany | 14:50.14 |
| | Gojen Singh | India | DNS |
| | David Galindo | Mexico | DNS |
| | Sisay Bezabeh | Ethiopia | DNS |

### Heats

23 August

#### Heat 1

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Assefa Mezegebu | Ethiopia | 14:07.15 | Q |
| 2 | Aaron Gabonewe | South Africa | 14:07.22 | Q |
| 3 | Stephen Njenga | Kenya | 14:07.27 | Q |
| 4 | Marko Hhawu | Tanzania | 14:07.66 | Q |
| 5 | Yuki Yamamoto | Japan | 14:13.20 | Q |
| 6 | John Gilay | Tanzania | 14:13.45 | q |
| 7 | Gojen Singh | India | 14:14.48 | q |
| 8 | Mark Thompson | Australia | 14:21.97 | |
| 9 | Samuel Mangusho | Uganda | 14:22.37 | |
| 10 | Francisco Mondragón | Mexico | 14:25.34 | |
| 11 | Marilson dos Santos | Brazil | 14:30.99 | |
| 12 | Oscar Meza | Paraguay | 15:39.16 | |
| 13 | José Castillo Cáceres | Honduras | 15:43.01 | |
| | Frank Hoffmeister | Germany | DNF | |

#### Heat 2

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Sisay Bezabeh | Ethiopia | 14:05.00 | Q |
| 2 | David Chelule | Kenya | 14:05.80 | Q |
| 3 | Tetsuhiro Furuta | Japan | 14:06.16 | Q |
| 4 | David Galindo | Mexico | 14:06.57 | Q |
| 5 | Janko Benša | Yugoslavia | 14:08.34 | Q |
| 6 | Sebastian Hallmann | Germany | 14:09.52 | q |
| 7 | Adrian Maghiar | Romania | 14:09.65 | q |
| 8 | Godfrey Nyombi | Uganda | 14:09.77 | q |
| 9 | Ricardo Maestrelo | Brazil | 14:16.08 | |
| 10 | Brent Hauser | United States | 14:17.21 | |
| 11 | Fecri Idin | Turkey | 14:53.60 | |
| 12 | Sinlasone Sanith | Laos | 15:25.46 | |
| 13 | Mohamed Ould Abdellahy | Mauritania | 16:12.57 | |

## Participation

According to an unofficial count, 27 athletes from 19 countries participated in the event.
* Australia (1)
* Brazil (2)
* Ethiopia (2)
* Germany (2)
* Honduras (1)
* India (1)
* Japan (2)
* Kenya (2)
* Laos (1)
* Mauritania (1)
* Mexico (2)
* Paraguay (1)
* Romania (1)
* South Africa (1)
* Tanzania (2)
* Turkey (1)
* Uganda (2)
* United States (1)
* Yugoslavia (1)
# Alan Stewart of Darnley

Sir Alan Stewart of Darnley, 2nd Lord of Concressault (after 1406 – 1439) was a Scottish nobleman of the Stewart of Darnley family, involved in the Hundred Years War.

## Life

The son of John Stewart of Darnley and Elizabeth, daughter of Donnchadh, Earl of Lennox, Darnley accompanied his father and brothers to fight in France.
Following his father's death at the Battle of the Herrings in 1429 during the Siege of Orléans, Darnley inherited his father's title of the Lordship of Concressault, but not the County of Évreux, nor the Lordship of Aubigny. He also inherited the title of Constable of the Scottish Army in France, and the chieftaincy of the Stewarts of Darnley.
By 1437, he had resigned his French territories to his younger brother, Sir John Stewart and returned to Scotland.
He became involved in a blood feud with the Boyd family of Dean Castle. Darnley was killed in 1439 by Sir Thomas Boyd of Kilmarnock, his death was avenged later that summer by his youngest brother Alexander Stewart at the Battle of Craignaught Hill.

## Marriage and issue

Alan Stewart of Darnley married Catherine Seton, daughter of Sir William Seton, Master of Seton and Janet Dunbar, herself a daughter of the Earl of Dunbar. They had issue:
* John Stewart, 1st Earl of Lennox
* Alexander Stewart of Galston
After Darnley's murder, his widow Catherine married Herbert Maxwell, 1st Lord Maxwell.
# Tony Graham (soccer)

Tony Graham is a retired professional soccer forward who spent one season in the North American Soccer League, one in the American Soccer League and three in the Major Indoor Soccer League.
Graham attended the University of San Francisco where he was a member of the men's soccer team. In 1978, Graham signed with the Oakland Stompers of the North American Soccer League. In the fall of 1978, he joined the Cincinnati Kids of the newly established Major Indoor Soccer League. In 1980, he played for the Columbus Magic of the American Soccer League. He played for two MISL teams during the 1980–1981 season, the Denver Avalanche and the Cleveland Force.
# R5 (RER Vaud)

The R5 is a railway service of RER Vaud that provides hourly service between Allaman and Palézieux in the Swiss canton of Vaud. Swiss Federal Railways, the national railway company of Switzerland, operates the service. The service was previously known as the S5.

## Operations

The R5 operates every hour between Allaman and Palézieux, using the Lausanne–Geneva and Lausanne–Bern lines. It makes all local stops. It is paired with the R6, providing half-hourly service between the two cities.

## History

RER Vaud introduced the S5 designation with the December 2015 timetable change, replacing the S11, which had operated between Lausanne and Yverdon-les-Bains, just south of Grandson. The new S5 operated from Grandson via Lausanne to Palézieux, on the Lausanne–Bern line. With the December 2020 timetable change the eastern terminus was changed from Palézieux to Aigle, replacing the S3, with limited service beyond to Bex and St-Maurice. In December 2021, SBB extended the S5 on weekdays from Aigle to Bex.
The RER Vaud lines were substantially reorganized for the December 2022 timetable change. The "new" S5 was a combination of the former S3 and S6, making local stops on the Simplon line between Allaman and Palézieux. On 10 December 2023, all RER Vaud lines were renamed as "R" and a number, instead of "S."
# Sam Salmon

Harry "Sam" Salmon (born 11 May 1969) is a Canadian luger. He competed in the men's doubles event at the 1988 Winter Olympics. His sister is Kathy Salmon.
# Max Wolff (physician)

Max Wolff (6 May 1844 – 25 June 1923) was a German physician who was a native of Potsdam.
He studied medicine in Berlin, where he was a student of Rudolf Virchow. Following graduation in 1866, he became an assistant at the clinic of internal medicine at Rostock. From 1875 to 1882 he worked at the University of Berlin policlinic, and in 1900 became head of the policlinic for lung diseases. In 1890 he earned the title of associate professor in Berlin.
Wolff is remembered for his work with surgeon James Adolf Israel (1848–1926) involving the isolation of Actinomyces and research involving the etiology of actinomycosis.

## Selected publications

* Über Addison'sche Krankheit (About Addison's disease), 1869.
* Operative Behandlung von Unterleibsechinococcen (Operative treatment of abdomen echinococcus), 1870.
* Über entzündliche Veränderungen innerer Organe nach experimentell bei Thieren erzeugten käsigen Herden (On inflammatory changes of inner organs following the experimental induction of caseating granulomas in animals), Virchow's Archiv LXVII.
* Zur Bacterienfrage bei accidentellen Wundkrankheiten (On the spread of bacteria in accidental wounds), Virchow's Archiv LXXXI.
* Eine weitverbreitete thierische Mykose (A widespread animal mycosis), Virchow's Archiv LXXXII.
* Über Desinfection durch Temperaturerhöhung (About disinfection during temperature increase), Virchow's Archiv CII.
* Die Localisation des Giftes in den Miesmuscheln (Localization of poison in mussels), Virchow's Archiv CIII.
* Die Ausdehnung des Gebietes der giftigen Miesmuscheln und der sonstigen giftigen Seethiere in Wilhelmshaven (Extension of the territory of toxic mussels and other toxic sea creatures in Wilhelmshaven), Virchow's Archiv CIV.
* Über das erneute Vorkommen von giftigen Miesmuscheln in Wilhelmshaven (On the re-occurrence of toxic mussels in Wilhelmshaven), Virchow's Archiv CX.
* Über Vererbung von Infectionskrankheiten (Inheritance of infectious diseases), Virchow's Archiv CXII.
* Über Vaccination neugeborener Kinder (Vaccination of newborn children), Virchow's Archiv CXVII.
* Über Reincultur des Actinomyces und seine Übertragbarkeit auf Thiere (About pure culture of actinomyces and its transferability to animals), Virchow's Archiv CXXVI.
* Zur Actinomyces-Frage (On the question of actinomyces), Virchow's Archiv CLI.
* Zur Prophylaxe der venerischen Krankheiten (Regarding prophylaxis of venereal disease), 1893.
* Die Nierenresection und ihre Folgen (Of kidney resection and its consequences), 1900.
# Cynodon barberi

Cynodon barberi is a species of flowering plant in the grass family Poaceae, native to India and Sri Lanka. It was first described in 1916.
# Paul Kline

Paul Kline (1937 – 25 September 1999) was a British psychologist noted for his contribution to psychometrics.

## Career

Kline was originally educated in classics, in education, and in statistics: he studied at the University of Reading, University College Swansea, the University of Aberdeen and the University of Manchester. When he first joined the University of Exeter, it was as a staff member in the university's then Institute of Education. However, in 1969 he joined the Department of Psychology as a Lecturer, rising eventually to become the university's first Professor of Psychometrics.

## Research

Kline was interested in depth psychology, especially theories of Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis. He was also an expert in psychometrics and carried out extensive research in the statistical analysis of personality and intelligence.
In his 1972 book Fact and Fantasy in Freudian Theory, widely translated, he brought these two interests together, examining the objective evidence for various ideas of Freudian theory, finding that some, but not all, were supported by the evidence. He also wrote introductory books to psychometrics, for example An easy guide to factor analysis (1994). He was a prolific author, writing or editing at least 14 books, and over 150 scientific papers are listed under his name in Web of Science.
Among colleagues, Kline had a reputation as an opinionated controversialist who remained a genial and supportive colleague; he was revered by students for the wit and clarity of his lectures.

## Publications

* Fact and fantasy in Freudian Theory (1972/1981)
* Psychometrics and psychology (1979)
* Personality : measurement and theory (1983)
* A handbook of test construction : introduction to psychometric design (1986)
* Intelligence : the psychometric view (1991)
* The Handbook of Psychological Testing (1993/2000)
* An easy guide to factor analysis (1994)
* The new psychometrics : science, psychology, and measurement (2000/2014)
# Charles Lebayle

Charles Lebayle (28 May 1856, in Paris – 22 January 1898, in Paris) was a French painter and designer, who is mostly known for his collaborations with stained glass makers.

## Biography

His father ran a window dressing and decorating company. At the age of fourteen, he began attending evening classes at the École Nationale Supérieure des Arts Décoratifs, where he became a student of Alexandre Cabanel and the sculptor Aimé Millet. After his father's death, he became responsible for his family and tried to maintain the business, but it ultimately failed.
His début at the Salon came in 1877. Rather than paintings, he exhibited works in stained glass; a suggestion which came from his friend Henri Carot [fr], who would later become a well known glass painter. He won a competition at the École des Beaux-arts in 1879, then studied oil painting with Adolphe Yvon, in classes that were open to the public.
In 1885, he worked at Autun Cathedral where he helped create a glass roof depicting the life of the Virgin, from drawings by the architect Lucien Magne and decorator François-Émile Ehrmann [fr]. He also created the main window at the Vannes Town Hall, together with Charles Champigneulle [fr].
A year later, he won the Prix de Rome for Claudius Proclaimed Emperor, and spent two years at the Villa Medicis. While there, he painted a mural at the Villa called "The Sea and the Shepherd". However, none of the paintings he created during his stay were purchased by the French government, as was customary. Following this disappointment, he lost his sister and mother.
When he returned to France, he took a position in the workshops of the famous stained glass artist, Lucien Bégule, and helped create windows for the Hôpital de la Charité in Lyon, most of which were destroyed when the building was demolished in 1933.
After making an unsuccessful attempt to establish his own glass painting business and a continuing failure to achieve recognition as an artist in his own right, he became despondent and shot himself through the heart.
# Kazuaki Takano

Kazuaki Takano (高野 和明, Takano Kazuaki, born October 26, 1964) is a Japanese writer of crime fiction and thrillers. He is a member of the Mystery Writers of Japan.
He worked for a time under the Japanese film director Kihachi Okamoto in his youth. After that he studied film at Los Angeles City College from 1989 to 1991.
His first novel Jūsan Kaidan (literally "Thirteen Steps", 2001) is a crime fiction novel which deals with the Japanese capital punishment system.

## Awards and nominations

* 2001 - Edogawa Rampo Prize: Jūsan Kaidan (Thirteen Steps)
* 2011 - Yamada Futaro Award: Genocide Of One
* 2011 - Nominee for Naoki Prize: Genocide Of One
* 2012 - The Best Japanese Crime Fiction of the Year (Kono Mystery ga Sugoi! 2012): Genocide Of One
* 2012 - Mystery Writers of Japan Award for Best Novel: Genocide Of One
# Mike Whitmarsh

Michael John Whitmarsh (May 18, 1962 – February 17, 2009) was an American male volleyball and basketball player. He won the silver medal in the men's inaugural beach volleyball tournament at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, partnering with Mike Dodd. Throughout his volleyball career, Whitmarsh earned over $1.6 million as well as 28 tournament wins.
Whitmarsh played college basketball for the San Diego Toreros. He was a two-time all-conference player in the West Coast Athletic Conference (WCAC), known now as the West Coast Conference, and led San Diego to their first-ever conference title in 1984. He played professional basketball for three years in Europe before turning to volleyball.

## Early life

Whitmarsh was born in San Diego. He played basketball at Monte Vista High in Spring Valley, California and later Grossmont College in El Cajon. He did not take academics seriously as a freshman at Grossmont. Whitmarsh did not think that he had a chance to get an athletic scholarship until Toreros coach Jim Brovelli showed interest in him. Lacking the units to be admitted into the University of San Diego (USD), Whitmash committed himself to studying.

## College career

The 6-foot-7-inch (2.01 m) Whitmarsh played college basketball at USD. He started all 24 games as a junior, averaging 15.3 points and 5.3 rebounds per game and earning all-conference honors in the WCAC. As a senior in 1983–84, he averaged 18.8 points and 7.3 rebounds and led the Toreros to an 18–10 record and the 1984 NCAA tournament. In the final game of the regular season against Saint Mary's, he had 24 points and six rebounds in a 68–59 win to clinch the Torreros' first-ever WCAC title. He was named All-WCAC again, and was runner-up to John Stockton in the voting for the WCAC Player of the Year.

## Professional career

Whitmarsh was drafted by the NBA's Portland Trail Blazers in the fifth round in 1984. He also narrowly missed making the roster of the Minnesota Timberwolves, and played professionally in Germany for three years before abandoning basketball in favor of beach volleyball. Transitioning from the indoor hard court to the soft sand of beach volleyball (which is often played under hot and humid conditions) was not easy, and he developed a reputation for cramping late in tournaments.
Whitmarsh quickly adapted to the beach with his powerful blocks at the net and won over the fans. In 1990, he was selected as Rookie of the Year by the AVP. In 2001, he was ranked number 1 in the AVP. In 2002, he was named the Best Blocker by the AVP. He retired from beach volleyball in 2004.

## Death

Whitmarsh was in the midst of a divorce from his wife Cindy and was found dead in a friend's garage on Wednesday, February 17, 2009, leaving behind two young daughters. According to the San Diego County medical examiner, he died of suicide from inhalation of carbon monoxide from automobile exhaust.

## Awards and honors

* AVP Rookie of the Year 1990
* AVP King of the Beach 2000
* AVP Best Blocker 2002
* AVP Lifetime Achievement 2004
* AVP Role Model Award 2003
* AVP Special Achievement 2003
# One Man's Way

One Man's Way is a 1963 American drama film directed by Denis Sanders and written by John W. Bloch and Eleanore Griffin. The film stars Don Murray as the preacher and author Norman Vincent Peale. The cast also includes Diana Hyland, William Windom, Virginia Christine, Carol Ohmart and Veronica Cartwright.
The film was released on December 23, 1963, by United Artists.

## Plot

As a young man, Norman Vincent Peale is working in Detroit as a crime reporter for a newspaper. Saddened by the tragedies he witnesses or writes about, Peale enters a seminary. He moves to New York City, becoming a minister and writing a best-selling book, The Power of Positive Thinking, that also becomes controversial. After a considerable amount of soul-searching that leads him to the brink of leaving his vocation, Peale decides to continue with his work.

## Cast

* Don Murray as Norman Vincent Peale
* Diana Hyland as Ruth Stafford Peale
* William Windom as Reverend Clifford Peale
* Virginia Christine as Anna Peale
* Carol Ohmart as Evelyn Grace
* Veronica Cartwright as Mary
* Liam Sullivan as Dr. Arthur Gordon
* June Dayton as Mrs. Gordon
* Ian Wolfe as Bishop Hardwick
* Charles Lampkin as Lafe
* Arthur Peterson, Jr. as Instructor
* Hope Summers as Mrs. Elwood Thompson
* Virginia Sale as Miss S.E. Collingswood
* Ed Peck as Harry the Reporter
* Butch Patrick as John Peale
* Tom Skerritt as Grown Leonard Peale
* Bing Russell as Tom Rayburn

## Critical reception

In the New York Times, film critic Howard Thompson wrote, "As a biographical tribute to one of America's best-known Protestant clergymen, the picture is thoughtful and genteel," adding that it is "a worthy movie" that "sustains an unpretentious tone from start to finish."
# VDE-Gallo Records

VDE-Gallo Records is a small record label, based in Bioley-Magnoux, near Lausanne, Switzerland. It specializes in world music and classical music.
Based in 1964, VDE (Voix dans l’Eglise, «Voices in the Church »)-GALLO is a little Swiss company specialized in the recording, the production and the distribution of records, cassettes, CDs, and from now on also the dematerialized distribution. She realized till now approximately 1500 productions, in very diverse domains, particularly in classical music (with hundreds of first releases) and ethnic-world music (in association with MEG – Museum of ethnography of Geneva).
She received repeatedly international Grand Prix Charles Cros, as well as many other distinctions.
Music publisher «Lausanne-Musique» depends on VDE-GALLO and manages works published in the form of scores and especially in the form of recordings.
General partnership in her early stages, then company in proper noun, VDE-GALLO is going to evolve in Sàrl in 2021, to assure better the continuity of its activity.
In 2017, she also resumed the mark and a part of the catalog of prestigious label Cascavelle.
VDE-GALLO is a member of the SUISA, IFPI, SWISSPERFORM, ASMP and SVMV.
# Reproductive value (population genetics)

Reproductive value is a concept in demography and population genetics that represents the discounted number of future female children that will be born to a female of a specific age. Ronald Fisher first defined reproductive value in his 1930 book The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection where he proposed that future offspring be discounted at the rate of growth of the population; this implies that sexually reproductive value measures the contribution of an individual of a given age to the future growth of the population.

## Definition

Consider a species with a life history table with survival and reproductive parameters given by $\ell _{x}$ and $m_{x}$, where
    $\ell _{x}$ = probability of surviving from age 0 to age $x$
and
    $m_{x}$ = average number of offspring produced by an individual of age $x.$
In a population with a discrete set of age classes, Fisher's reproductive value is calculated as
    $v_{x}=\sum _{y=x}^{\infty }\lambda ^{-(y-x+1)}{\frac {\ell _{y}}{\ell _{x}}}m_{y}$
where $\lambda$ is the long-term population growth rate given by the dominant eigenvalue of the Leslie matrix. When age classes are continuous,
    $v(x)=\int _{x}^{\infty }e^{-r(y-x)}{\frac {\ell (y)}{\ell (x)}}m(y)dy$
where $r$ is the intrinsic rate of increase or Malthusian growth rate.
# Turn It On (disambiguation)

Turn It On is a 2003 album by Ronan Keating.
Turn It On may also refer to:
* Turn It On!, a 1971 album by Sonny Stitt
* Turn It On (Russell Morris album), 1976
* "Turn It On" (song), a 1981 song by Level 42
* Turn It On (Gugun and the Bluesbug album), 2007
* Turn It On, a 2010 album by Kevin Costner & Modern West
* Turn It On (EP), a 2015 EP from Eli Young Band
* "Turn It On", a song by Ladytron from their 2002 album Light & Magic
* "Turn It On", a song by Sleater-Kinney from their 1997 album Dig Me Out
* "Turn it On", a song by Franz Ferdinand from their 2009 album Tonight: Franz Ferdinand
# Scott Scheuermann

Scott Scheuermann (born 23 April 1954) is a Canadian modern pentathlete. He competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics.