OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Baruch (given name)

Baruch (Hebrew: בָּרוּךְ, Modern: Barūḵ, Tiberian: Bārūḵ, "Blessed", Polish: Berek) is a masculine name among Jews used from Biblical times to the present, which is sometimes used as surname. It is also found, though more rarely, among Christians—particularly among Protestants who use Old Testament names.
Except for its use as a name, this is also related to berakhah or bracha (Hebrew: ברכה; plural ברכות, berakhot), which is a Jewish blessing. See also: Baraka and Barakah.
The root B-R-K meaning "blessing" is also present in other Semitic languages. The most common Arabic form is the passive form Mubarak, but the form Barak (Barack) is also used. In Polish it is Berek.
Benedictus is a Latin name with similar meaning; cf. Baruch Spinoza or Benedictus de Spinoza.

## People with the given name Baruch
### Bible

* Baruch ben Neriah, aide to the prophet Jeremiah
* Baruch, son of Zabbai; one of Nehemiah's helpers in repairing the walls of Jerusalem
* Baruch, son of Col-Hozeh; a member of the Tribe of Judah who settled in Jerusalem

### Later times

* Baruch Agadati (1895–1976), Israeli painter, dancer, and film director
* Baruch Ben Haim (1921–2005), assistant chief rabbi of the Syrian Jewish community in Brooklyn, New York
* Baruch Blumberg (1925–2011), American Nobel Prize-winning physician, developed Hepatitis B vaccine
* Baruch Feinberg (1933–2007), Israeli Olympic javelin thrower
* Baruch Goldstein (1956–1994), American-Israeli settler physician who murdered 29 Muslim worshipers in 1994
* Baruch Kurzweil (1907–1972), Israeli literary critic
* Baruch Levine (born 1977), American Orthodox Jewish singer-composer
* Baruch Ostrovsky (1890–1960), first mayor of Ra'anana, Israel
* Baruch Shemtov (born 1987), American journalist, television host, fashion designer, and entrepreneur
* Baruch Shmailov (born 1994), Israeli Olympic judoka
* Baruch Spinoza (1632–1677), Dutch rationalist philosopher
* Baruch Schleisinger Weil (1802–1893) American businessman and politician
* Baruch Steinberg (1897–1940), chief Rabbi of the Polish Army, victim of the Katyn massacre
* Baruch Zuckerman (1887–1970), American-Israeli and leading proponent of Yad Vashem

### Fictional characters

* The Baruch of Baghdad, the king of the Saracens in Wolfram von Eschenbach's Parzival
* Baruch, a fictional angel in the His Dark Materials series
* The real name of Billy Joe Cobra, of the television show Dude, That's My Ghost
# Tselina (satellite)

Tselina (Russian: Целина) were a series of military SIGINT satellites originally developed in the former Soviet Union and used in the past Russian military. These satellites could pinpoint the exact location of objects emitting radio signals. They could even identify the type of emitter, its operational modes, and its activity level. This function proved valuable for detecting potential military operations by monitoring increased radio communication activity. By providing early warning of such activity, Tselina offered valuable intel that might not have been obtainable through other means.

## Variants

Initially divided into "Overview" (Tselina-O) and "Detailed" (Tselina-D), since about 1980 the system has been integrated into a single satellite, Tselina-P, which is also known as Tselina-2. The system's primary subject was enemy's radar equipment. Tselina had been numbered as part of the Kosmos series. In total 130 Tselina satellites were launched.
* Tselina-O satellites were launched using Kosmos-3M rockets.
* Tselina-D used the Vostok-2M and later the Tsyklon-3.
* Four upgraded Tselina-Ds, named Tselina-R, were also launched using the Tsyklon.
* Tselina-2 satellites were designed for launch on Zenit-2 launch vehicles, however the first two launches used the larger Proton-K / DM-2 as the Zenit was still undergoing development. The most recent launch used the modernised Zenit-2M launch vehicle.
# The Astonishing Adventures of Mr. Weems and the She Vampires

The Astonishing Adventures Of Mr Weems And The She Vampires is a video game developed by RamJam Corporation in 1987. The game is loosely based upon the 1985 Atari Games arcade title Gauntlet.

## Gameplay

The player controls the eponymous Mr. Weems, the bespectacled protagonist who must wander through the six level, vampire-infested maze. The player fights vampires using his garlic gun. There is also a garlic pill which makes Mr. Weems immune from attack for a while. He also has to collect keys to open locked doors which block access to higher levels. The objective of the game is to reach the lair of the Great She Vampire and defeat her using a stake, mallet, mega-garlic piece, mirror and crucifix.

## Reception

Mr. Weems and the She Vampires was published at a time when numerous Gauntlet clones were being released and received criticism for its unoriginality. The Commodore 64 version scored only 19% from Zzap64 with reviewer Julian Rignall judging the game as "simply appalling".
# Tirana International School

Tirana International School, established in 1991 directly before the fall of the communist system in Albania, is an English-medium international school in Tirana, Albania. Its curriculum, while similar to US schools, contains links to both local culture and international educational elements. The current enrollment is approximately 400 students from 35 countries in preK – 12th grade classes. Tirana International School is part of Quality Schools International and is accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools.
With tuition fees starting at around 25,000 euros per year, since its inception Tirana International School has been the most expensive private education provider in Albania, attended almost exclusively by the children of the country's wealthiest elite and the children of diplomatic staff based in Tirana.

## Curriculum

The curriculum focuses on English literacy skills, mathematics, cultural studies, the sciences, computer literacy, art, music, foreign languages (French, Spanish, German, Albanian and Russian) and physical education as part of the regular program. Intensive English classes are provided for those with a limited knowledge of the English language.
TIS offers onsite the College Board Advanced Placement (AP) Capstone Diploma and individual AP courses. As of 2021, TIS offers the International Baccalaureate diploma (IB). Students choose the IB, AP, or standard TIS track to complete high school.

## Faculty

There are 87 teachers currently employed at TIS, and 121 total staff. Teachers come mainly from the United States and Albania, with several other countries represented, including the UK, China, and Senegal. All teachers are certified.

## Activities

Tirana International School offers a range of extra-curricular activities for students in the 5-year-old to the secondary level. Competitive sports and activities include volleyball, soccer, tennis, basketball, swimming, team robotics, model United Nations, cross country, and knowledge bowl. Musical activities include violin, guitar, piano, and choir. Younger children are offered a wide range of interest-based activities four times a week after school.
Tirana International School is a founding member of the Tirana Association of International Schools (TAIS) and a long-standing member of the Central and Eastern European School Association (CEESA). Middle school and secondary students participate in competitive and cultural events with member schools across Europe.

## Facilities

Tirana International School is situated on a 5.5-hectare site at the edge of the city in an upscale, secure residential area. The facility contains classroom space, music rooms, a full-size gymnasium, cafeteria, open-air terrace, full science lab, two technology labs, and a workout room. The outside territory features a soccer pitch, tennis court, track, and a multi-purpose court.
# Drosera roraimae

Drosera roraimae is a sundew native to Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela. It was originally described as a variety of Drosera montana before being raised to species rank in 1957.
The specific epithet roraimae refers to Mount Roraima, a tepui or table-top mountain, where the type specimen was collected.
# Humphrey Maxegwana

Comely Humphrey Maqocwa Maxegwana is a South African politician who represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly from 2014 until 2019, when he failed to gain re-election. Before that, he represented the ANC in the Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature. He was a prominent trade unionist in the Eastern Cape during apartheid and is also a former Provincial Secretary of the ANC's Eastern Cape branch.

## Apartheid-era activism

After matriculating in 1974, Maxegwana was active in the South African Students' Movement and, from 1977, the Black People's Convention, both anti-apartheid organisations affiliated to the Black Consciousness movement. In 1977, he was recruited to the South African Congress of Trade Unions (SACTU); he was an underground operative for SACTU in East London and later worked closely with the South African Allied Workers' Union. SACTU sent him abroad in 1985.

## Provincial legislature

After the end of apartheid, Maxegwana represented the ANC in the Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature. He was Provincial Secretary of the ANC's Eastern Cape branch, serving under Provincial Chairperson Makhenkesi Stofile, from 1996 until 2006, when he was replaced by Siphatho Handi. He also served as Majority Party Chief Whip in the legislature until August 2013, when the ANC removed him in line with a party resolution that all Chief Whips should be selected from among members of the party's internal Provincial Executive Committees; he was replaced by Mzoleli Mrara.

## National Assembly

In the 2014 general election, Maxegwana did not stand for re-election to the provincial legislature but instead was elected to a seat in the National Assembly, the lower house of the South African Parliament; he was ranked tenth on the ANC's provincial-to-national party list for the Eastern Cape. In May 2016, the ANC announced that he would additionally serve as Chairperson of the Portfolio Committee on Communications and Digital Technologies, replacing Joyce Moloi-Moropa, who had resigned from Parliament. He departed that position in late October 2018, when the ANC nominated him to replace Amos Masondo as co-chairperson of the Joint Committee on Ethics and Members' Interests. In the 2019 general election, he was ranked 166th on the ANC's national party list and was not re-elected to his legislative seat.

## Local government

In July 2020, Maxegwana was elected to succeed Alfred Mtsi as Speaker of the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality council; he received 54 votes against the 22 votes received by the opposition candidate, the Democratic Alliance's Geoffrey Walton. After the local elections of November 2021, IOL reported that Maxegwana was one of three leading contenders for the position of Mayor of Buffalo City. He was not ultimately elected to the mayoral office but remained in office as Speaker.
# Sri Tyagaraja

Sri Tyagaraja is a rāgam in Carnatic music(musical scale of South Indian classical music) created by music composer Mahesh Mahadev [kn] who has created many ragas, Which is named after saint Tyagaraja of Tiruvaiyaru. It is the Janya raga of 59th Melakarta rāgam Dharmavati in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic classical music. Mahesh Mahadev introduced this raga to Indian classical music by composing Carnatic kritis & viruttams.
Sri Tyagaraja raga is an asymmetrical and does not contain dhaivatham in both ascending and descending of the scale, The gamakas of this raga emotes bhakti and karuna rasa.
Mahesh Mahadev has also introduced this new rāgam to Hindustani music.

## Structure and Lakshana

Sri Tyagaraja is an asymmetric rāgam that does not contain rishabham or dhaivatam in the ascending scale and does not contain dhaivatam in the descending scale. It is an audava-shadava rāgam (or owdava rāgam, meaning pentatonic ascending scale, shadava meaning hexatonic descending scale).
Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows.
* ārohaṇa: S G₂ M₂ P N₃ Ṡ
* avarohaṇa: Ṡ N₃ P M₂ G₂ R₂ S
The notes used in this scale are shadjam, sadharana gandharam, prati madhyamam, panchamam and kakali nishadham in ascending scale and chatushruti rishabham added in descending scale. It is a audava - shadava rāgam
# Verdesmum

Verdesmum is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Fabaceae. It only contains one known species, Verdesmum hentyi. It is also within the tribe Desmodieae, with another species Verdesmum menglaense but this was transferred to the Hylodesmum genus in 2019.
It is native to Borneo and Papua New Guinea.
This genus was considered to be fairly similar to Hylodesmum H. Ohashi & R. R. Mill, but differed in having funnel-shaped terminal stigma, bracteolate (possessing bracteoles (or bractlets)) calyces (collective term for the sepals of one flower), linear shaped seed pods, very narrow obovate-elliptic shaped articles (fruit with constrictions between the seeds) and stipes longer than fruiting pedicels (stalks of a flower).
The genus name of Verdesmum is in honour of Bernard Verdcourt (1925–2011), an English biologist and taxonomist. The Latin specific epithet of hentyi refers to plant collector and botanist E.E. Henty, (1915–2002). Both the genus and the species were first described and published in J. Jap. Bot. Vol.87 on page 301-303 in 2012.
# Meryey

Meryey was a king of ancient Libya (or the Libu), during the late 13th century BC, contemporary with that of the ancient Egyptian pharaoh Merneptah (1213-1203 BC). Son of a man named Ded, Meryey is mentioned as the architect of a major military alliance amongst his nation, the Meshwesh, Lukka, and the Sea Peoples known as the Ekwesh, Teresh, Shekelesh, and the Sherden. This confederacy went to war against Merneptah in the western Nile Delta during his 5th and 6th regnal years.
The "Great chief Meryey" had 6 sons, all of whom were slain at Perire. He led a confederacy or an army of 40,000 men to war against Merneptah and, though successful at the beginning, was eventually defeated at Prosopis.

## Literary sources

The Great Karnak Inscription describes the scene when Merneptah receives news of the attack:
"... the third season, saying: 'The wretched, fallen chief of Libya, Meryey, son of Ded, has fallen upon the country of Tehenu with his bowmen — Sherden, Shekelesh, Ekwesh, Lukka, Teresh. Taking the best of every warrior and every man of war of his country. He has brought his wife and his children — leaders of the camp, and he has reached the western boundary in the fields of Perire.
"His majesty was enraged at their report, like a lion," assembled his court and gave a rousing speech. Later, he dreamed he saw Ptah handing him a sword and saying, "Take thou (it) and banish thou the fearful heart from thee." When the bowmen went forth, says the inscription, "Amun was with them as a shield." After six hours, the surviving Nine bows threw down their weapons, abandoned their baggage and dependents, and ran for their lives. Merneptah states that he defeated the invasion, killing 6,000 soldiers and taking 9,000 prisoners.
The inscription describes in full detail Meryey's feverish emotional collapse upon the field of battle upon realizing defeat was imminent.
# Palema

Palema (Russian: Палема) is a rural locality (a selo) in Pokrovskoye Rural Settlement, Velikoustyugsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 40 as of 2002.

## Geography

Palema is located 45 km southeast of Veliky Ustyug (the district's administrative centre) by road. Korolyovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Trevor Bonhomme

Trevor John Bonhomme (January 1942 – 29 July 2017) was a South African politician and activist who represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly from 2005 until his death in 2017, except for a brief hiatus from 2010 to 2011. During apartheid, he was a prominent community organiser in Newlands East in the former Natal province.

## Early life and activism

Bonhomme was born to Virgil and Patricia Bonhomme in January 1942 in the racially mixed neighbourhood of Overport, located in Durban in the former Natal province. His family was Catholic and he was the fourth-eldest of eleven siblings. After matriculating at Umbilo High School in Durban, he began work, with his brother Virgil, at Grafton-Everest upholstery company. After he and Virgil successfully agitated for higher wages at their company, they entered the trade union movement and helped found the Furniture Trade Union in the late 1960s. Also during the 1960s, his family was forcibly removed from their Overport home under the apartheid-era Group Areas Act, intensifying Bonhomme's interest in anti-apartheid activism.
In the early 1970s, Bonhomme moved to Newlands East, where he became heavily involved in community organising through the local residents' association, the Durban Housing Action Committee, and other groups. He flirted with the Labour Party, but strongly diverged with its position on the 1983 constitutional reform: he campaigned strongly for a total boycott of the Tricameral Parliament when the structure was introduced by the apartheid government. He joined the United Democratic Front instead and also, with his brother, did underground work for the African National Congress (ANC). In 1989, he was detained for six months at Modderbee Prison in Johannesburg. He formally joined the ANC in 1990 after it was unbanned by the apartheid government, and he was a delegate to the party's historic 48th National Conference in Durban in 1991.

## Post-apartheid political career

After South Africa's first post-apartheid elections in 1994, Bonhomme was elected to represent the ANC as a local councillor in the North Local Council and then in eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality. On 2 September 2005, he was sworn into an ANC seat in the National Assembly, the lower house of the South African Parliament; he filled the vacancy created by Manne Dipico's resignation. In the next general election in 2009, he was re-elected to a full term in the assembly, representing the KwaZulu-Natal constituency; he resigned from his seat on 19 May 2010 but returned on 28 October 2011 to serve the remainder of the legislative term. In the 2014 general election, he was ranked 27th on the ANC's provincial list for KwaZulu-Natal and secured re-election.

## Personal life and death

Bonhomme lived in Newlands East until his death. He married Loraine in the early 1970s and they had six children together, as well as grandchildren and great-grandchildren. His niece Tarna Barker represented the opposition Democratic Alliance in Parliament. He was diagnosed with terminal cancer and died on 29 July 2017.
# Beryl Mildred Cryer

Beryl Mildred Cryer (1889–1980) was a Canadian writer about Indigenous cultures on Vancouver Island.

## Biography

Beryl Mildred Cryer was born in England in 1889, and migrated to Canada with her family as a child. She lived in Chemainus, BC for much of her life. She died in Welland, Ontario in 1980.

## Work

An educated woman from a privileged background, and married to a businessman, Beryl Cryer was both a homemaker, and a journalist and newspaper columnist. She was introduced by her neighbour Mary Rice (Tzea-Mntenaht) and also by Jennie Wyse (Tstass-Aya) and other Elders, to cultural traditions and narratives of the Hul'qumi'num people and this connection was key, allowing her to receive the stories of places and people that feature in so much of her writing.
The stories that she gathered from Elders, mostly women, through her relationship with Mary Rice were the source of many newspaper articles about Indigenous life and history on Vancouver Island, including oral narrative stories published between 1929 and 1935 in the Victoria Daily Colonist Sunday Magazine. She also published the book Flying Canoe: Legends of the Cowichans in 1949.
Highlighting the unique value of Cryer's work, scholar Sarah Morales reflects that Cryer didn't guide her interviewees, but rather listened carefully and recorded the stories of the Elders just as they were told to her, resulting in a richness and completeness not found in other ethnographic sources.

## Legacy

Cryer's writings, and the stories passed on through her by many Hul’qumi’num Elders, have been an important and unique resource both to Indigenous and settler communities, and to scholarship in the social life and history of Vancouver Island. These works include:
* Chris Arnett and Beryl Mildred Cryer. Two houses half-buried in sand: Oral traditions of the Hul'q'umi'num' Coast Salish of Kuper Island and Vancouver Island. Vancouver: Talonbooks, 2007.
* John Lutz, Makúk: A New History of Aboriginal-White Relations. Vancouver: UBC Press, 2014.
* The Two Houses Half-Buried in Sand Digital Map which aims to revive the legacy of Beryl Cryer's Hul'qumi'num contributors, providing a visual, interactive interface that locates these stories in place and mobilizes Hul'qumi'num perspectives of ancestral landscapes and waters on and around Vancouver Island, the Gulf Islands, the lower Fraser River, and beyond.
Cryer's correspondence related to her research and writing is held by the BC Archives.
# Seth Rockman

Seth Rockman is an American historian. He is an associate professor of history at Brown University. He is the recipient of the Merle Curti Award and the Philip Taft Labor History Book Award for his 2009 book Scraping By: Wage Labor, Slavery, and Survival in Early Baltimore.

## Biography

Rockman was born in Indiana and raised in San Francisco. He received his B.A. from Columbia University and his Ph.D. from the University of California, Davis. He taught at Occidental College before joining the Brown University faculty in 2004. His scholarship has focused on the history of slavery and capitalism in the United States.
In 2010, Rockman was the co-winner of the Merle Curti Award from the Organization of American Historians. He also received the 2010 Philip Taft Labor History Book Award from the Cornell University ILR School.

## Personal life

Rockman is married to fellow Brown historian Tara Nummedal.
# Zainab Al-Suwaij

Zainab Al-Suwaij (Arabic: زينب السويج) (b. 1971) is an Iraqi American activist and the co-founder and executive director of the American Islamic Congress. She advocates for women's equality, civil and religious rights, and interfaith understanding.

## Biography

Suwaij was born in Basra in 1971 and was raised in the home of her grandfather, the Ayatollah of Basra. In 1991, she participated in the guerilla uprising against Sadam Hussein. Shortly after the uprising she fled Iraq and came to the United States. She became a United States citizen in 1996.

## Career

After arriving in the United States, Suwaij taught Arabic at Yale University and worked resettling Sudanese refugees in the United States. In 2001, following the terrorist attacks of September 11, she co-founded the American Islamic Congress to "represent those American Muslims who cherished the freedoms of the U.S. after living under repressive regimes." Suwaij was a prominent public supporter of the 2003 U.S. war with Iraq. In 2004, she spoke at the Republican National Convention, restating her support for the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq.
Suwaij has served as AIC's Executive Director since its inception. Under her leadership, the Muslim organization has trained young Middle Eastern activists in the methods of non-violent protest and social media mobilization, empowering them to challenge regimes during the Arab Spring. Suwaij frequently speaks at universities, think tanks and panel events. She has testified before Congress and briefed the White House and the State Department. Her writings have been published in New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, USA Today and others.

## Recognition

Suwaij was named an "Ambassador of Peace" by the Interreligious and International Peace Council, received a Dialogue on Diversity's Liberty Award in 2006 and was recognized as "2006 International Person of the Year" by the National Liberty Museum.
In 2012, Suwaij received the East West Vision of Peace Award from the Levantine Cultural Center for her work to bridge political and religious divides between the United States and the Middle East and North Africa.