OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Colonization resistance

Colonization resistance is the mechanism whereby the microbiome protects itself against incursion by new and often harmful microorganisms.
Colonization resistance was first identified in 1967, and it was initially referred to as antibiotic-associated susceptibility. It was observed that animals being treated with the antibiotic streptomycin were susceptible to Salmonella enterica at doses 10,000 fold lower than the standard minimal infectious dose. This led to investigations about the mechanisms utilized by endogenous microbial populations that conferred protection against exogenous pathogens attempting to colonize the gut flora.
It has been observed that colonization resistance can occur within the host in a 'direct' or 'indirect' manner. The former refers to particular components of the microbiota directly competing with exogenous pathogens for nutritional niches (e.g. E. coli directly competes with Citrobacter rodentium for carbohydrates in the intestinal lumen) or by producing growth inhibitors (e.g. Bacteroides thuringiensis can secrete bacteriocin that directly targets spore-forming Clostridioides difficile, thus inhibiting its growth through an unknown mechanism), that directly inhibit the colonizing pathogen. Indirect colonization resistance is thought to be mediated through the induction of immune responses in the host that concomitantly inhibit the colonizing pathogen. An example of this has been observed with B. thetaiotaomicron, which can induce the host to produce antimicrobial C-type lectins REGIIIγ and REGIIIβ, both anti-microbial peptides that target gram-positive bacteria.
Scientists found that gut infections increase its microbiota's resistance to subsequent infections, that taurine is used in as a nutrient to nourish and train the microbiota for this by potentiating its production of sulfide and that the exogenous supply of taurine can induce this microbiota alteration.
# Rouleina maderensis

Rouleina maderensis, the Madeiran smooth-head, is a species of fish in the family Alepocephalidae.
It is found worldwide. This species reaches a length of 32 cm (13 in).
# Nottinghamshire Senior League

The Nottinghamshire Senior League is an English football league. The competition is a feeder to the Northern Counties East League and the United Counties League. The league has five divisions – the Premier Division (which stands at level 11 of the English football league system), NSL Division One, NSL Division Two, NSL Division Three and the NSL Development Division. The league expanded from three divisions in 2020 having absorbed the Midland & Notts Alliance League.

## History

It was founded in 2004 to replace the Nottinghamshire Football Alliance League as the top league within the county of Nottinghamshire.

## Champions

| Season | Premier Division | Division One | Division Two | League Cup Senior Section | League Cup Junior Section |
| 2004–05 | Wollaton | Boots Athletic Reserves | N/A | Wollaton | Attenborough Reserves |
| 2005–06 | Wollaton | Wollaton Reserves | N/A | Clifton | Boots Athletic Reserves |
| 2006–07 | Cotgrave Welfare | Clifton Reserves | N/A | Caribbean Cavaliers | Boots Athletic Reserves |
| 2007–08 | Caribbean Cavaliers | Hucknall Rolls Leisure | N/A | Caribbean Cavaliers | Wollaton Reserves |
| 2008–09 | Bilborough Pelican | Bulwell | Calverton Miners Welfare | Wollaton | Greenwood Meadows Reserves |
| 2009–10 | Clifton | Wollaton Reserves | Vernon Villa | Caribbean Cavaliers | Carlton Town Colts |
| 2010–11 | Boots Athletic | Ruddington Village | Southwell St. Mary's | Boots Athletic | Cotgrave Welfare Reserves |
| 2011–12 | Bulwell | Carlton Town Academy | Burton Joyce | Bulwell | Carlton Town Academy |
| 2012–13 | Bulwell | Beeston | Clifton Reserves | Bulwell | Wollaton Reserves |
| 2013–14 | Selston | Kirton Brickworks | Moorgreen | Hucknall Rolls Leisure | Linby Colliery Welfare Reserves |
| 2014–15 | Wollaton | Underwood Villa | Kimberley Miners Welfare 'A' | Wollaton | Kimberley Miners Welfare Reserves |
| 2015–16 | Ruddington Village | South Normanton Town | Awsworth Villa Reserves | Awsworth Villa | Kimberley Miners Welfare Reserves |
| 2016–17 | Clifton All Whites | Calverton Miners Welfare | Team DNF | Cotgrave | Awsworth Villa Reserves |
| 2017–18 | Newark Flowserve | Stapleford Town | Woodthorpe Park Rangers | Newark Flowserve | Woodthorpe Park Rangers |
| 2018–19 | Stapleford Town | Woodthorpe Park Rangers | Newark Flowserve Reserves | Southwell City | Robin Hood Colts |
| 2019–20 | Void | Void | Void | Void | Void |
| 2020–21 | Void | Void | Void | Void | Void |
| Season | Premier Division | Division One | Division Two North | Division Two South | League Cup Senior Section | League Cup Junior Section |
| 2021–22 | Southwell City | Radcliffe Olympic | Bestwood Colliery | East Leake Robins | AFC Dunkirk | Stapleford Town Development |
| Season | Premier Division | Division One | Division Two | Division Three | League Cup Senior Section | League Cup Junior Section |
| 2022–23 | Stapleford Town | Ruddington Village | West Bridgford Colts III | Southwell City Development | Sandiacre Town | Elston United |
| 2023–24 | Stapleford Town | FC Cavaliers | AFC Colsterworth | Gedling Southbank | Collingham | Arnold Town Reserves |
# Beyond the Walls (1984 film)

Beyond the Walls (Hebrew: מאחורי הסורגים, MeAhorei HaSoragim, lit. "Behind the Bars") is a 1984 Israeli film directed by Uri Barbash and written by his brother Benny Barbash and Eran Preis. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.

## Plot

The story takes place in the high-security block of the Central Israel Prison Service jail. Uri and Issam are the leaders of the Israeli and Palestinian prisoner groups, respectively. After a musical performance in the prison, a row breaks out between Hoffman, a Jewish inmate, and a Palestinian. When Hoffman is killed, the security officer initiates a fight between the sides, pinning the blame for the murder on Issam's cell. Doron, the only Jewish prisoner in the Arab cell, is asked to sign a document implicating Issam in the crime but refuses and dies by suicide. He leaves a note saying that his cell was not responsible for the crime. As a result, Uri and Issam begin a general hunger strike and make personal sacrifices in order not to break it.

## Characters

* Uri (Arnon Zadok) is serving his second sentence for armed robbery, and has been a criminal from a young age. He is the leader of all Jewish prisoners in his cellblock.
* Issam (Muhammad Bakri) is a Fatah terrorist who turns moderate in prison. He is the leader of the Palestinian cell.
* Asaf (Asi Dayan) is a former IDF officer sentenced for contacting a PLO agent in Europe. He is initially disliked and distrusted by both sides, but normalizes his relations with Uri.
* "The Songbird" (Boaz Sharabi) is a talented singer and musician from Uri's cell, and the first prisoner to participate in a national music festival in Israel.
# Rosyth railway station

Rosyth railway station serves the town of Rosyth in Fife, Scotland. The station is managed by ScotRail and lies on the Fife Circle Line, 14.7 miles (23.6 km) north of Edinburgh Waverley. It was opened in 1917 by the North British Railway (as Rosyth Halt) to serve the nearby naval dockyard.

## Services
### 2011

On Mondays to Saturdays during the daytime, there is generally a half-hourly service southbound to Edinburgh Waverley, and a half-hourly service northbound towards the centre of Dunfermline, continuing round the Fife Circle through Kirkcaldy, eventually coming back to Edinburgh Waverley. In the evenings the service is hourly in each direction and on Sundays two-hourly.

### 2016

The basic service remains unchanged on weekdays and Saturdays (half-hourly to Edinburgh and Cowdenbeath, with hourly extensions around the full Fife Circle), but there is now an hourly service each way on Sundays.

## Upgrade

In 2013 construction began at Rosyth station to build new disabled access points, so that people with wheelchairs and buggies can make their way onto the platform. There are also plans for a new transport hub to be built at Rosyth, with 500 car park spaces, a bus station, and a taxi rank.
# Mark Wentges

Marcus "Mark" Wentges (born June 22, 1974) is an American former field hockey player who competed in the 1996 Summer Olympics.
# Taekwondo at the 2023 European Para Championships

Taekwondo at the 2023 European Para Championships in Rotterdam, Netherlands was held between 14 and 16 August. There were five men's events and five women's events in the K44 class, and two men's events in the K41 class.
The athletes could gain points in their respective sport category ranking list for the 2024 Summer Paralympics.

## Medal table

* Host nation (Netherlands)
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Turkey | 4 | 3 | 3 | 10 |
| 2 | Azerbaijan | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 |
| 3 | Great Britain | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
| 4 | Serbia | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| 5 | Croatia | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 5 | Refugee Team | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 7 | Israel | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 8 | Georgia | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 |
| 9 | Spain | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 9 | Ukraine | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 11 | France | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 11 | Poland | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (12 entries) | Totals (12 entries) | 10 | 10 | 18 | 38 |

## Medalists
### Men

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men's –58kg K44 | Ali Can Özcan Turkey | Asaf Yasur Israel | Sabir Zeynalov Azerbaijan |
| Men's –58kg K44 | Ali Can Özcan Turkey | Asaf Yasur Israel | Joel Martín Villalobos Spain |
| Men's –63kg K44 | Mahmut Bozteke Turkey | Adnan Milad Israel | Amin shikhaliyev Azerbaijan |
| Men's –63kg K44 | Mahmut Bozteke Turkey | Adnan Milad Israel | Sandro Megrelishvili Georgia |
| Men's –63kg K41 | George Khizanishvil Georgia | Goga Khakhalashvili Georgia | |
| Men's –70kg K44 | Imamaddin Khalilov Azerbaijan | Fatih Celik Turkey | Maciej Kesicki Poland |
| Men's –70kg K44 | Imamaddin Khalilov Azerbaijan | Fatih Celik Turkey | Giorgi Nikoladze Georgia |
| Men's –80kg K44 | Abulfaz Abuzarli Azerbaijan | Nikola Spajić Serbia | Joseph Lane Great Britain |
| Men's –80kg K44 | Abulfaz Abuzarli Azerbaijan | Nikola Spajić Serbia | Oktay Atalay Turkey |
| Men's –80kg K41 | Andrei Sleptsov Georgia | Gela Zarkua Georgia | |
| Men's +80kg K44 | Ivan Mikulić Croatia | Matt Bush Great Britain | David Makadze Georgia |
| Men's +80kg K44 | Ivan Mikulić Croatia | Matt Bush Great Britain | Mehmet Sami Sarac Turkey |

### Women

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Women's –47kg K44 | Zakia Khudadadi International Paralympic Committee | Nurcihan Ekinci Turkey | Viktoriia Marchuk Ukraine |
| Women's –47kg K44 | Zakia Khudadadi International Paralympic Committee | Nurcihan Ekinci Turkey | Lia Chachibaia Georgia |
| Women's –52kg K44 | Meryem Betül Çavdar Turkey | Royala Fataliyeva Azerbaijan | Keira Forsythe Great Britain |
| Women's –52kg K44 | Meryem Betül Çavdar Turkey | Royala Fataliyeva Azerbaijan | Ana Japaridze Georgia |
| Women's –57kg K44 | Gamze Gürdal Turkey | Marija Mičev Serbia | Sophie Caverzan France |
| Women's –57kg K44 | Gamze Gürdal Turkey | Marija Mičev Serbia | Yuliya Lypetska Ukraine |
| Women's –65kg K44 | Beth Munro Great Britain | Lütfiye Özdağ Turkey | Seçil Er Turkey |
| Women's +65kg K44 | Jelena Rašić Serbia | Amy Truesdale Great Britain | Dalia Santiago Moreno Spain |
# Biały Ług, Podlaskie Voivodeship

Biały Ług is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szudziałowo, within Sokółka County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Belarus.
# Georges Grain

Georges Grain (born 20 October 1948) is a French field hockey player. He competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1972 Summer Olympics.
# Mark Wooldridge

Mark Wooldridge (born July 7, 1962) is a former professional tennis player from the United States.

## Biography

Wooldridge, the son of a physicist, comes from Santa Barbara in California.
He went to the University of California at Berkeley and played No. 2 singles, before joining the tour full-time in 1983 and playing professionally for four years. He won the men's singles in the Ojai Tennis Tournament in 1984.
At the 1985 US Open he competed in the main draw of the men's doubles with Egan Adams, who he also partnered with to win a Challenger tournament that year in Lagos. He made his only Grand Slam singles appearance at the 1985 Australian Open and was beaten in the first round by local player Brad Drewett. In the men's doubles he and partner Menno Oosting were defeated in the opening round.
Now living in Manhattan Beach, Wooldridge still plays competitive tennis, in over 50s events.

## Challenger titles
### Doubles: (1)

| Year | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| 1985 | Lagos, Nigeria | Clay | Egan Adams | Peter Elter Peter Feigl | 6–4, 6–4 |
# Winifred Mason

Winifred Mason (January 31, 1912 – 1993) was an African-American jeweler who was active in New York during the 1940s. She worked primarily in copper, and was inspired by West Indian cultural traditions. She is believed to be the first commercial African-American jeweler in the United States.
Under her married name, Winifred Chenet, she also sold jewelry in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. She escaped from Haiti following the murder of her husband by the Tonton Macoute in 1963, and returned to the United States.

## Early life and background

Winifred Mason, was born on January 31, 1912, in Brooklyn, New York.
Mason received a BS in English Literature in 1934, and went on to receive a MA in education from New York University in 1936. In the early 1940s, Mason taught youth metalworking skills at Junior Achievement, where she met Art Smith.

## Career in teaching

After graduating, Mason hesitated to begin her career as a teacher, and she worked for a while as a teacher for the WPA and later as a crafts instructor at the Harlem Boys Club, but she chose another way as her life career. Mason received a grant from the Rosenwald Fund to "gather folk material and basic art patterns used by the West Indian Negro and to express these feelings in jewelry." This research included time in Haiti, where she met her husband, Jean Chenet.

## Studio and jewelry

Her first piece of jewelry appeared in 1940, and it was a pendant in bronze, copper, and silver. It had to be of great interest among her friends and soon she began to get orders for the similar pieces. Mason never repeated her works and every piece she made was unique. When she could not find a proper instrument to use in her work, she made it herself.
In 1943, she received her first order from an exclusive department store on Fifth Avenue. After working on jewelry at home, Mason opened and maintained a studio in Greenwich Village in the early 1940s. Jewelry from this studio was sold at national department stores like Lord and Taylor. Much of the jewelry was custom-made, and clientele included Billie Holiday. By the late 1940s, there had been ten exhibitions of her jewelry including one-woman shows in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
Among her employees was Art Smith, who went on to found his own studio and become one of the first significant African-American jewelers.

## Haiti and return to the States

Mason married Jean E. Chenet in Manhattan, New York, on September 13, 1948. Chenet was born on October 14, 1924, in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. After marrying, Mason spent much of her time in Haiti. Under her married name, Winifred Chenet, she sold "voodoo-inspired" jewelry there. She also operated a store in New York selling Haitian art.
In 1963 her husband was murdered in Haiti by the Tonton Macoute. Winifred Mason Chenet escaped and returned to the United States.
Mason Chenet was later active in championing other female black artists. She was honored by Girls Friends, an organization for black women, in 1990. She had served as a vice president of their Brooklyn chapter in 1939. Mason Chenet died in 1993.
# John P. Allen (musician)

John P. Allen is a Canadian country, rock and bluegrass fiddler.
Allen was a member of the rock band Great Speckled Bird in the 1970s, and played with bluegrass bands the Good Brothers, Big Redd Ford and the Dixie Flyers. He played country fiddle as a member of Tommy Hunter's band. Allen joined the country band Prairie Oyster in 1982, with whom he won six Juno awards.
In 2005 Allen recorded an album, The Canadian ̶ F̶̶i̶̶d̶̶d̶̶l̶̶e̶ Violin, featuring a mix of original music and a few carefully chosen covers covering a wide range of musical styles. The album was produced Sonny Besen Thrasher, son of Allen's Prairie Oyster bandmate Joan Besen. A second solo album, A Canadian Portrait, followed in 2008 sticking more closely to traditional country music.
Allen experienced cardio-vascular health problems in the spring of 2019 resulting in a successful heart transplant, but has been unable to work since (as of December 2019). A star-studded benefit was held for him in Thorndale, Ontario on December 8, 2019.
As a member of Prairie Oyster, Allen was inducted into the Canadian Country Music Hall of Fame in 2008. He was inducted into the Forest City London Music Awards Hall of Fame in 2019.

## Discography

See also Prairie Oyster
* The Canadian ̶ F̶̶i̶̶d̶̶d̶̶l̶̶e̶ Violin (2005)
* A Canadian Portrait (2008) - as "John P. Allen With The Bachelor Farmers"
# K. Wah International

K. Wah International Holdings Limited, also abbreviated as KWIH, is a property developer in Hong Kong and the listed property arm of the K. Wah Group. Along with its subsidiaries, the Group is principally engaged in property development and investment in Hong Kong, mainland China and Singapore. It was founded and controlled by tycoon Lui Che-woo.
KWIH encompasses a portfolio of residential developments, Grade-A office towers, retail spaces, hotels and serviced apartments.
Until July 2017, the group operated the Anderson Road Quarry, above Sau Mau Ping, supplying aggregate to Hong Kong for 50 years, and highly visible from much of Kowloon and Hong Kong. It also contributed to the rehabilitation of the site, which is now being developed for residence.
KWIH is a constituent stock of the Hang Seng Composite MidCap Index and MSCI China Small Cap Index. K Wah also holds a 3.8% stake in Galaxy Entertainment (SEHK: 27), one of the largest Macau gaming operators.
# Georges Zvunka

Georges Zvunka (Romanian: George Zvuncă; 5 March 1937 – 12 April 2022) was a French football player and manager.
He was the brother of Jules Zvunka and Victor Zvunka.
# Marlon Lopez

Marlon Lopez (born December 13, 1975) is a retired American Paralympic judoka who competed at international level events. He competed at three Paralympic Games winning two bronze medals.
Lopez contracted Stevens–Johnson syndrome when he was nine years old after having a severe allergic reaction to medication leading to him being partially sighted.
# Wat Duang Di

Wat Duang Di is a Buddhist temple located in the old city of Chiang Mai, northern Thailand.

## History

Wat Duang Di, meaning "the temple of good fortune", was founded at the beginning of 16th century during the reign of King Mueang Kaeo of the Mangrai Dynasty (1292–1558), and was formerly known as Wat Ton Mak Nua. The current structures of the temple date from the 19th century or later.

## Highlights

The temple is notable for its scripture repository decorated with Lanna-style flower motif stucco work built in 1829. The 19th century assembly hall, which shows Ayutthaya style influence, has a carved wooden gable regarded as an outstanding example of Lanna artwork, which was regilded during renovations in the 2000s. The large wooden doors date from 1929. One of the principal Buddha images in the assembly hall is inscribed 1496/7, the date it was cast in Chiang Mai. The temple also includes a small ordination hall next to the assembly hall, and an octagonal shaped pagoda.
# Mohamoud Hassan Saad

Mohamoud Hassan Saad (Somali: Maxamuud Xasan Sacad) also known as Saajin is a Somaliland politician, who is currently serving as the Minister of Commerce, Industries and Tourism of Somaliland.
# Pfänderbahn

The Pfänderbahn (lit. 'Mount Pfänder cable car') is an aerial tramway in Bregenz in the westernmost Austrian state of Vorarlberg. It connects the shore of Lake Constance (Bodensee) at 419 m (1,375 ft) above sea level with the 1,022 m (3,353 ft) high mountain station near the Pfänderspitze.
The valley station in Bregenz is located ca. 600 m (0.37 mi) from Bregenz Hafen and 1.2 km (0.75 mi) from Bregenz railway stations.

## History
### Planning

Originally, the establishment of a cog railway was considered, but it was eventually decided for cost and ease of use in times of heavy snow.

### Construction and opening

The Pfänderbahn was built from July 1926 to February 1927 and opened on 20 March 1927 by President Michael Hainish. Construction work was undertaken by Adolf Bleichert & Co. of Leipzig. Plans for the station buildings were by Bregenz architect Willibald Braun.

### 1994 overhaul

In October 1994, the cable car system was extensively overhauled:
* Replacement of gondolas, they are now fully glazed and can accommodate up to 80 people.
* Removal of two supports, providing a higher rope guide.
* Installation of a hydraulic device for cable tension.
* The stations are sliding platforms used to optimally utilize the available space.
* A hydraulic system stabilized the gondola in the parking position so that getting in and out is very easy and accessible for wheelchair users.
The renovations were undertaken by Doppelmayr. In 1998, the Pfänderbahn museum opened.

## Specifications

The height difference of 603 m (1,978 ft) is covered in a total distance of 2,063 m (6,768 ft) using a dual aerial tramway. The sloping portions comprises about 1,980 m (6,500 ft); the horizontal portion about 80 m (260 ft). At an average slope of 31%, the cabins move with a speed of up to twelve feet per second. The journey takes six minutes, with a turnaround of 10 minutes. The gondolas are powered by two 500 kW DC electric motors. Power supply to the cable car is via two separate power supplies. In addition, an emergency generator and batteries are available. Communication between valley and mountain stations is analogous via the cable itself.
* Monitor path control
* Coupling of the analog signals in the supporting cable
* Wheels
* Hydraulic cylinder for cable tension
* Control panel in the cab
* Weight for the counterweight shaft
* Hydraulic control
* Zugumseilumlenkrolle