OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Arnfinn Vik

Arnfinn Vik (20 May 1901 – 13 September 1990) was a Norwegian politician who served as Mayor of Oslo.
He was born at Drammen in Buskerud, Norway. He participated in the Left Communist Youth League's military strike action of 1924. He was convicted for assisting in this crime and sentenced to 4 months of prison. He was secretary of the Oslo Labour Party in 1936 and was a member of the Oslo City Council from 1938.
He was a central resistance member during the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany (1940-1945) and served as a leader of the Norwegian resistance group, Hjemmefrontens Ledelse. After the end of World War II, he served as mayor of Oslo from 1945 to 1947. He was later director of the Oslo housing authority (Boligforvaltning).
# Shelkovo, Cherepovetsky District, Vologda Oblast

Shelkovo (Russian: Шелково) is a rural locality (a village) in Yugskoye Rural Settlement, Cherepovetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 14 as of 2002.

## Geography

Shelkovo is located 44 km southeast of Cherepovets (the district's administrative centre) by road. Pokrovskoye is the nearest rural locality.
# Ahmad Bateman

Ahmad Daniel Bateman (born August 6, 1961) is a Canadian-American professional golfer.
Bateman played on the Nationwide Tour from 1996 to 2005, winning the Nike Carolina Classic in 1997. He also played on the Asian Tour from 1994 to 2006.

## Professional wins (1)
### Buy.com Tour wins (1)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of victory | Runners-up |
| 1 | May 11, 1997 | Nike Carolina Classic | −4 (70-69-75-70=284) | 1 stroke | Steve Flesch, Dennis Paulson, Terry Price |
Buy.com Tour playoff record (0–1)
| No. | Year | Tournament | Opponent | Result |
| 1 | 2000 | Buy.com Omaha Classic | David Berganio Jr. | Lost to par on second extra hole |
# Borghild Hammerich

Borghild Hammerich (2 March 1901 – 8 September 1978) was a Norwegian activist most known for her humanitarian efforts during World War II.

## Biography

Borghild Schmidt was born in Bergen, Norway. She was the daughter of Lauritz Peter Schmidt (1873-1946) and Petra Marie Mortensen (1873-1958). In 1921, she was married to Danish naval officer Carl Hammerich (1888–1945). The couple resided in Copenhagen where he served as an admiral in the Royal Danish Navy.
During World War II, she organized the Danish humanitarian aid to Norway (in Norwegian: Danskehjelpen and in Danish: Norgeshjælpen). This humanitarian effort had been founded on Carl Hammerich's initiative in March 1942. Borghild Hammerich devoted much of her energy and time to Danskehjelp. She also organized shipment of food packs to Norwegian prisoners in German concentration camps.
Carl Hammerich also continued his participation in the relief work and was arrested by German officials late in the war. He died when the Royal Air Force bombed the Gestapo building in Copenhagen on 21 March 1945 (Operation Carthage). .
After the liberation of Denmark and Norway at the end of World War II, Borghild Hammerich served as Secretary-General of the Danish-Norwegian Cooperation Fund (Fondet for dansk-norsk samarbeid). She married pianist and music professor Robert Riefling (1911-1988) in 1949.
For her humanitarian efforts, Borghild Hammerich was awarded an Honorary Doctorate Degree (Doctores philosophiae) from the University of Oslo on September 3, 1945. She was also decorated that same year Commander with Star of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav.
# Operation Chaffinch

Operation Chaffinch was a World War II mission conducted by a branch of the British Special Operations Executive (SOE) called Company Linge, which was a Norwegian group. The operation aimed to make contact with local resistance groups in the Oslo area and to sabotage shipping. The operation succeeded in sinking the merchant vessel Sanev on 19 May 1943.

## Background

As preparation for an invasion in Scandinavia in 1944, SOE began to attack industrial targets and coastal shipping in German occupied Norway. Norwegian resistance movements such as Milorg were working together with the British SOE against the Nazi occupation. Operations had already been conducted in Norway to damage the German war effort. Fish oil factories that used gylcorel in explosives had already been targeted by the British as early as 1940 and other missions had been carried out against the German nuclear program and to damage train lines.

## The mission
### Landing in Norway, contacting the Resistance

Three SOE operatives from Company Linge; Tor Sternersen, Martin Olsen and wireless telegrapher Oddvar Sandersen dropped into Norway on 23 January 1943. They made contact with Milorg and set up 4 'X-groups', which were groups of six men trained in silent killing, especially the elimination of informers. These groups were organised by Milorg and trained by the Chaffinch operatives. The group also acted as a direct line of communication between Milorg and the UK.

### Ship sabotage

The trio initially considered attacking two destroyers stationed in Horten Harbour on 14 May. They decided against this idea and instead chose to target a ship docked at Moss. On 19 May 1943, they attached a limpet mine to the freighter Sanev while it was docked there. The mine detonated on the same day, sinking the nearly 2,000 long tons (2,000 t) ship to sink. A later attempt to attack shipping in the Oslo harbour was abandoned.

### Aftermath

All three men left Norway at the end of May 1943 and escaped to Sweden.
# Diadegma aestivale

Diadegma aestivale is a wasp first described by Henry Lorenz Viereck in 1921. No subspecies are listed.
# Poddubye

Poddubye (Russian: Поддубье) is a rural locality (a village) in Ustyuzhenskoye Rural Settlement, Ustyuzhensky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 13 as of 2002.

## Geography

Poddubye is located 41 km (25 mi) southwest of Ustyuzhna (the district's administrative centre) by road. Zavrazhye is the nearest rural locality.
# Athletics at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games – Women's 100 metres hurdles

The women's 100 metres hurdles event at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games was held at the Meadowbank Stadium in Edinburgh, Scotland on 22 and 23 July 1970. It was the first time that this distance was contested at the Games, replacing the 80 metres hurdles.
The winning margin was 0.46 seconds which, as of 2024, remains the only time the women's 100 metres with hurdles was won by more than 0.4 seconds at these games.

## Medallists

Medallists :
| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Pam Kilborn Australia | Maureen Caird Australia | Christine Bell England |

## Results
### Heats
#### Qualification for final

The first 4 in each heat (Q) qualified directly for the final.

#### Wind speed

Heat 1: -1.2 m/s, Heat 2: 0.0 m/s
Heats results :
| Rank | Heat | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 1 | Pam Kilborn | Australia | 13.48 | Q |
| 2 | 1 | Mary Peters | Northern Ireland | 14.14 | Q |
| 3 | 1 | Susan Scott | England | 14.31 | Q |
| 4 | 1 | Elizabeth Damman | Canada | 14.60 | Q |
| 5 | 1 | Lindy Carruthers | Scotland | 14.62 | |
| 6 | 1 | Wendy Taylor | Canada | 15.14 | |
| 7 | 1 | Emille Edet | Nigeria | 15.48 | |
| 1 | 2 | Maureen Caird | Australia | 13.79 | Q |
| 2 | 2 | Penny McCallum | Australia | 13.90 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | Christine Bell | England | 13.90 | Q |
| 4 | 2 | Carmen Smith-Brown | Jamaica | 14.52 | Q |
| 5 | 2 | Jenny Meldrum | Canada | 14.75 | |
| | 2 | Barbara Corbett | England | DNF | |

### Final
#### Wind speed

0.3 m/s
Final results :
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | Pam Kilborn | Australia | 13.27 |
| | Maureen Caird | Australia | 13.73 |
| | Christine Bell | England | 13.82 |
| 4 | Penny McCallum | Australia | 13.82 |
| 5 | Mary Peters | Northern Ireland | 13.88 |
| 6 | Susan Scott | England | 14.05 |
| 7 | Carmen Smith-Brown | Jamaica | 14.44 |
| 8 | Elizabeth Damman | Canada | 14.78 |
# Sandalovo

Sandalovo (Russian: Сандалово) is a rural locality (a village) in Abakanovskoye Rural Settlement, Cherepovetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 17 as of 2002. There are 4 streets.

## Geography

Sandalovo is located 30 km (19 mi) northwest of Cherepovets (the district's administrative centre) by road. Volkovo is the nearest locality. etimologia
# Andrew Faulds (bobsleigh)

Andrew Faulds (born 12 August 1944) is a Canadian bobsledder. He competed at the 1968 Winter Olympics and the 1972 Winter Olympics.
# Ungdomskulen

Ungdomskulen is a band from Bergen, Norway. The band has changed name several times, such as Standing Ovation, Thundersome and Goddamnit.
Their debut album Cry Baby from 2007 received a 7.7. review in Pitchfork. In Norway, Adresseavisen gave a dice throw of 5 (out of 6). The group reminded of The Minutemen, Fugazi and The Jesus Lizard with "a foot firmly planted in prog". Bergensavisen stated that the album contained psychedelia, hippie rock, jazz, punk, grunge, disco and funk. "Here and there, it boils over and just becomes spill and mess. Kristian Stockhaus' voice, manic at times, can also become tiresome". Bergensavisen issued a dice throw of 4, as did Bergens Tidende, VG and Dagbladet. Several reviewers also drew comparisons to Motorpsycho and Frank Zappa. Dagbladet also commented the cover art: "The cover is either the best or worst of the year, crammed with enthusiastically carried out, but cruddy ideas".
Cry Baby also received a dice throw of 5 in Rogalands Avis, 3 in Tønsbergs Blad as well as several additional moderate-to-positive reviews.

## Band members

* Kristian Stockhaus – guitar, vocal
* Frode Kvinge Flatland – bass/baritone guitar
* Øyvind Solheim – percussion

## Discography

* Gold Rush (2018)
* Secrecy (2012)
* Gimme Ten (EP, 2011)
* Bisexual (2009)
* Cry Baby (2007)
* Ordinary Son (7" picture disc) (2007)
* OH LIFE! / ORDINARY SON (7") (2007)
* Foursome And Then Some (7") (2004)
* What It Takes (7") (2004)
* Surf's Up (7") (2004)
# Diadegma buckelli

Diadegma buckelli is a wasp first described by Henry Lorenz Viereck in 1925. No subspecies are listed.
# Minerva F.C.

Minerva F.C. was an English association football club, originally playing out of Loughborough Junction in Lambeth, London. They are unrelated to the club of the same name in Scotland which won the Scottish Junior Cup in 1895.

## History

The club was founded in 1876, including two players from Saxons and played its first game that October. The club was, in essence, the works side of the firm of Copestake Hughes Crampton & Co, a warehousing and mail order company, with the club's correspondence address given as the firm's offices at 5 Bow Church Yard. The club took its name from the company's logo, namely the head of the goddess Minerva.
In its first season, the club was unbeaten, winning 11 out of 15 matches and only conceding one goal. The club decided to take on sterner opposition in 1877–78 and entered the FA Cup. In the first round, Minerva lost 5–2 at the Hawks club at Anerley. Over the season, the club won 12 and lost 7 matches, with 2 drawn.
The club's only FA Cup run was in 1878–79, benefitting from a withdrawal in the first round, and beating Grey Friars in the second, in front of 300 spectators, in what was considered an upset. In the third round, Minerva played the Old Etonians at the Kennington Oval, and was 2–0 up at half-time "amidst most enthusiastic cheers" before succumbing 5–2.
The club's last FA Cup entry was in 1879–80, Herts Rangers beating the club in the first round. The club entered the first London Senior Cup in 1882–83, but lost 18–1, the biggest defeat in the competition's history, to Upton Park in the first round.
The club continued on an amateur level until at least 1908, with significant success in the City of London Challenge Shield, a competition which reserved for clubs whose members worked in the City of London, winning the competition from 1892 to 1897, and again in 1905–06 and 1906–07. The club beat Gresham 4–0 in the final at the Crystal Palace ground in 1896, beat Olympic to win the title in 1897, and lost to the latter club in the final in 1898. The club also won the London Junior Cup in 1890.
The club's major claim to fame is being the first opponents of Fulham at Craven Cottage in the Middlesex Senior Cup, in 1896.
The last recorded match for the club above works league level is a 13–1 defeat at Chesham Generals in February 1901. The club continued as a member of the City of London Athletic Association until at least 1908.

## Colours

The club colours were originally navy blue shirts with white trim, originally a white band around each arm. By 1908 they were dark and light blue.

## Grounds

The club played its first season at Loughborough Junction. In 1877–78 the club moved to a ground one minute's walk from Ladywell Station and used the Ladywell Inn for its facilities. Its last known ground was at Eltham Road in Lee, south-east London.
# Ruchyi, Vologda Oblast

Ruchyi (Russian: Ручьи) is a rural locality (a village) in Nikolo-Ramenskoye Rural Settlement, Cherepovetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 7 as of 2002. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Ruchyi is located 91 km (57 mi) southwest of Cherepovets (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kharlamovskaya is the nearest rural locality.
# Anthony Wilson (sprinter)

Anthony Wilson (born December 13, 1968) is a Canadian sprinter. He competed in the men's 200 metres and the men's 4 × 100 metres relay at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
# KFF Laçi

KFF Laçi are an Albanian women's professional football club based in Laç. They last competed in Kategoria Superiore Femra during the 2023–24 season, finishing sixth in a ten-team league.
# Martin Milner (violinist)

Martin Milner OBE (17 February 1928 – 21 June 2000) was an English violinist. From 1958 to 1987 he was leader of the Hallé Orchestra.

## Life

Milner was born in Bolton in 1928; his father was a headteacher and organiser of the Bolton Youth Orchestra. He was educated at Bolton School, and went on to study at the Royal Manchester College of Music (RMCM), where his violin professors were Henry Holst and Thomas Matthews. He also studied in Denmark with Emil Telmányi.
In 1946 he joined the first violin section of the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. He subsequently taught at the RMCM; he also had freelance engagements, and led the Buxton Spa Orchestra.

### Hallé Orchestra

Milner was chosen in October 1958 by John Barbirolli, conductor of the Hallé, to lead the Manchester-based orchestra.
He established a successful relationship with Barbirolli. Barbirolli respected his opinions and musicianship, and during absences on conducting engagements he left Milner detailed instructions for rehearsing particular works. He once wrote to Milner: "You are the finest leader I have ever had in my fairly long career."
He remained as leader under Barbirolli's successors James Loughran and Stanisław Skrowaczewski. Milner appeared many times as soloist with the Hallé, playing works including the Elgar Violin Concerto and the Walton Violin Concerto. He retired in 1987, after 29 years as leader. In that year he became an Officer of the Order of the British Empire.

### Family and later years

He was married three times; with his first wife Elizabeth Walton (niece of William Walton, and pianist at the RMCM) he had three sons and three daughters. With his third wife Diana Wanklyn, principal double-bass player in the Hallé, who survived him, he had three sons.
Milner died in 2000, aged 72, at his home in Didsbury in Manchester, after a long illness.
# Catalogue d'oiseaux

Catalogue d'oiseaux ("Catalogue of birds") is a work for piano solo by Olivier Messiaen consisting of thirteen pieces, written between October 1956 and September 1958. It is devoted to birds and dedicated to his second wife Yvonne Loriod.

## Premiere

The work was premiered by Yvonne Loriod on 15 April 1959 in Paris, Salle Gaveau, for the concerts of the "Domaine musical" organized by Pierre Boulez.

## Aim of the work

For these pieces, Messiaen did not want to be limited to the evocation of the bird of which each of it bears the title.
   Each piece is written in honor of a French province. It bears the title of the bird-type of the chosen region. It is not alone: its habitat neighbors surround it and also sing (...) - its landscape, the hours of day and night that change this landscape, are also present, with their colors, their temperatures, the magic of their perfumes

## Title of the pieces

* 1 - The Alpine chough (Chocard des Alpes)
* 2 - The Eurasian golden oriole (Loriot d'Europe)
* 3 - The blue rock thrush (Merle bleu)
* 4 - The western black-eared wheatear (Traquet stapazin)
* 5 - The tawny owl (Chouette hulotte)
* 6 - The woodlark (Alouette lulu)
* 7 - The Eurasian reed warbler (Rousserolle effarvatte)
* 8 - The greater short-toed lark (Alouette calandrelle)
* 9 - The Cetti's warbler (Bouscarle de Cetti)
* 10 - The common rock thrush (Merle de roche)
* 11 - The common buzzard (Buse variable)
* 12 - The black wheatear (Traquet rieur)
* 13 - The Eurasian curlew (Courlis cendré)

## Recordings

* Yvonne Loriod: Erato Records 2292-45505-2/VI; ECD 71590 (1970-1973)
* Peter Hill: Regis B000Q7RKW8 (1986)
* Anatol Ugorski: Deutsche Grammophon 4743452 (1994)
* Hakon Austbo: Naxos Records 8.553532.34 (1997), Also includes Petites esquisses d'oiseaux (composed in 1985).
* Paul Kim: Centaur Records CRC 2567/68/69 (2001), Also includes La Fauvette des jardins and Petites esquisses d'oiseaux
* Roger Muraro: Accord 4657682 (2002)
* Pierre-Laurent Aimard: Pentatone PTC 5186670 (2018)
* Carl-Axel Dominique BIS BIS-CD-594/596 Also includes "La Fauvette des jardins" and "Petites esquisses d'oiseaux".
# Get Rad

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Punknews.org | |
| Static Domain | |
| DoublePeace | |
Get Rad is Inspection 12's sixth full-length album. It was released independently in 2003. In 2004, it was released internationally by Floppy Cow Records and in the US by Suburban Home Records. Takeover Records rereleased it with the original artwork in 2005. Unlike their previous recordings, Get Rad deviates quite a bit from the usual punk rock sound, incorporating a lot of unorthodox instruments for the genre, containing elements of folk rock and bluegrass.

## Track listing

* "Homesick" – 4:10
* "Coup de Grace" – 4:59
* "Feelin' Like Freddie" – 4:22
* "Labels are for Cans" – 4:43
* "Again" – 3:52
* "In the Dark" – 4:08
* "The Naked at School Dream" – 3:40
* "Everyday" – 4:20
* "Out of My League" – 3:37
* "I Hate Soap Operas" – 2:11
* "A Better Friend" – 0:45
* "Reckoned Wrong" – 1:01
* "Terrified" – 2:25
* "You Can Call Me Al" – 3:44
* "Home" – 3:18
* "I'm Fine; I Can Drive" – 3:42
* "Nothing to Lose" – 8:27

### Performance credits
#### Band

* Timothy John Grisnik – drums, percussion and vocals
* Peter Michael Mosely – guitar, piano, organ and vocals
* Daniel McCormick McLintock – vocals, bass guitar and guitar

#### Additional musicians

* Tina Rodas – cello
* Bobby Davis – French horn, "Again"
* Kyle David Hlubek – guitar, "Labels are for Cans"
* Christopher Matthew Grondin – guitar, "Feelin' Like Freddie" and "You Can Call Me Al"
* James Ardolino – percussion, "The Naked at School Dream"
* Kevin Valent – percussion, "The Naked at School Dream"
* Amanda Marie Hill – vocals, "Homesick", "You Can Call Me Al" and "Coup de Grace"
* Mark O'Quinn – vocals, "Homesick"
* Jonas Ted Bond – vocals, "In the Dark"
* Ryan Key – vocals, "Nothing to Lose"
* Jonathan "J-Bag" Farmand – Yahtzee, "Everyday"

### Technical credits

* Paul Vincent Lapinski – engineering, mixing, mastering
* Daryl Phenneger – assistant engineering
# Archaeology of Albania

Archaeology of Albania represents a field of significant importance in uncovering the history and ancient culture of the Balkan region. Albania's geographical location has positioned it as a crossroads between the great civilizations of the Mediterranean and Southeastern Europe, making it rich in archaeological findings. Excavations and research have unveiled ancient civilizations, from the Bronze and Iron Ages to the Illyrian, Greek, Roman, and Byzantine periods.

## The beginnings of archaeology

Archaeology in Albania began developing as a discipline in the early 20th century, when foreign and local researchers initiated studies on the country's cultural heritage and historical monuments. In the 1920s, Albanian-French agreements ushered in a period of intensive research, bringing notable figures like Léon Rey, who led the French archaeological mission. He conducted significant excavations in the ancient city of Apollonia, where monumental structures such as the stoa, the bouleuterion, and the odeon were unearthed.

## Illyrians and antiquity

Illyrian culture holds a central place in Albanian archaeology. Cities such as Byllis, Amantia, Lissus (Lezhë), Shkodra, and Dimale demonstrate the advanced political and economic organization of these communities. During the Greek and Roman periods, cities like Butrint and Durrës flourished as important trade and cultural centers. Butrint, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, stands as a remarkable example of ancient architecture and urban planning in this part of the Balkans.

## The role of Albanian archaeologists

Following Albania's independence, archaeology experienced a new phase of development under the guidance of Albanian archaeologists such as Hasan Ceka, Aleks Buda, and Selim Islami. They worked to establish a scientific approach rooted in evidence and modern research methodology. The establishment of the Institute of Archaeology in 1976 further strengthened this field, promoting systematic excavations and interdisciplinary studies.

## Contemporary discoveries and challenges

Recent archaeological investigations have highlighted Albania's close ties to Mediterranean trade and cultural routes. Notable discoveries include ancient mosaics, monumental tombs, and artistically crafted objects, reflecting influences from Greek, Roman, and later Byzantine cultures.
However, challenges persist, including limited funding, vandalism, and at times a lack of public awareness about the importance of preserving this heritage. Despite these obstacles, Albania remains a country rich in untapped archaeological potential, offering opportunities to shed light on the region's and beyond its history.
# Nikola, Ustyuzhensky District, Vologda Oblast

Nikola (Russian: Никола) is a rural locality (a village) and the administrative center of Nikolskoye Rural Settlement, Ustyuzhensky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 567 as of 2002. There are 7 streets.

## Geography

Nikola is located 36 km (22 mi) south of Ustyuzhna (the district's administrative centre) by road. Gorka is the nearest rural locality.
# Felix Jacob Marchand

Felix Jacob Marchand (22 October 1846 – 4 February 1928) was a German pathologist born in Halle an der Saale.
He studied medicine in Berlin, and later became an assistant at the pathological institute in Halle. In 1881 he became a professor of pathological anatomy in Giessen, and two years later garnered the same position at Marburg. In 1900 he succeeded pathologist Felix Victor Birch-Hirschfeld (1842-1899) at the University of Leipzig.
In 1904 Marchand is credited with coining the term atherosclerosis from the Greek "athero", meaning gruel, and "sclerosis", meaning hardening, to describe the fatty substance inside a hardened artery. His name is lent to the eponymous "Marchand's adrenals", which is accessory adrenal tissue in the broad ligament of the uterus.
Among his written works was a 4-volume textbook on pathology that he co-authored with Ludolf von Krehl (1861-1937), called "Handbuch der allgemeinen Pathologie".
# Privalino

Privalino (Russian: Привалино) is a rural locality (a village) in Voskresenskoye Rural Settlement, Cherepovetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 5 as of 2002.

## Geography

Privalino is located 72 km (45 mi) northwest of Cherepovets (the district's administrative centre) by road. Aleksino is the nearest rural locality.
# Rolf (disambiguation)

Rolf is a male given name and a surname.
Rolf may also refer to:
* Rolf (Airedale terrier) (died 1919), a dog claimed to perform arithmetic and communicate intellectually
* Rolf (company), a Russian car dealer
* Tropical Storm Rolf, a Mediterranean tropical cyclone that made landfall in France in 2011