OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Compositional pattern-producing network

Compositional pattern-producing networks (CPPNs) are a variation of artificial neural networks (ANNs) that have an architecture whose evolution is guided by genetic algorithms.
While ANNs often contain only sigmoid functions and sometimes Gaussian functions, CPPNs can include both types of functions and many others. The choice of functions for the canonical set can be biased toward specific types of patterns and regularities. For example, periodic functions such as sine produce segmented patterns with repetitions, while symmetric functions such as Gaussian produce symmetric patterns. Linear functions can be employed to produce linear or fractal-like patterns. Thus, the architect of a CPPN-based genetic art system can bias the types of patterns it generates by deciding the set of canonical functions to include.
Furthermore, unlike typical ANNs, CPPNs are applied across the entire space of possible inputs so that they can represent a complete image. Since they are compositions of functions, CPPNs in effect encode images at infinite resolution and can be sampled for a particular display at whatever resolution is optimal.
CPPNs can be evolved through neuroevolution techniques such as neuroevolution of augmenting topologies (called CPPN-NEAT).
CPPNs have been shown to be a very powerful encoding when evolving the following:
* Neural networks, via the HyperNEAT algorithm,
* 2D images, on "PicBreeder.org" Archived 2011-07-25 at the Wayback Machine,
* 3D objects, on "EndlessForms.com" Archived 2018-11-14 at the Wayback Machine,
* Robot morphologies Rigid Robots Soft Robots.
# Modzele, Gmina Grajewo

Modzele is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grajewo, within Grajewo County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland.
# Vertex

Vertex, vertices or vertexes may refer to:

## Science and technology
### Mathematics and computer science

* Vertex (geometry), a point where two or more curves, lines, or edges meet
* Vertex (computer graphics), a data structure that describes the position of a point
* Vertex (curve), a point of a plane curve where the first derivative of curvature is zero
* Vertex (graph theory), the fundamental unit of which graphs are formed
* Vertex (topography), in a triangulated irregular network
* Vertex of a representation, in finite group theory

### Physics

* Vertex (physics), the reconstructed location of an individual particle collision
* Vertex (optics), a point where the optical axis crosses an optical surface
* Vertex function, describing the interaction between a photon and an electron

### Biology and anatomy

* Vertex (anatomy), the highest point of the head
* Vertex (urinary bladder), alternative name of the apex of urinary bladder
* Vertex distance, the distance between the surface of the cornea of the eye and a lens situated in front of it
* Vertex presentation, a head-first presentation at childbirth

## Businesses

* Vertex (company), an American business services provider
* Vertex Holdings, an investment holding company in Singapore
* Vertex Inc, an American tax compliance software and services company
* Vertex Pharmaceuticals, an American biotech company
* Vertex Railcar, a Chinese-American manufacturer of railroad rolling stock 2014–2018
* Vertex Resource Group, a Canadian environmental services company

## Other uses

* Vertex (album), by Buck 65, 1997
* Vertex (band), formed in 1996
* Vertex (astrology), the point where the prime vertical intersects the ecliptic
# Patrick Hennessey (barrister)

Patrick Rupert Hennessey (born August 1982) is a British barrister, author, journalist and former British Army officer.

## Education

Hennessey was educated at Berkhamsted School and Balliol College, Oxford. He attended the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in 2004, and was the winner of the Queen’s Medal on his commissioning course.

## Military career

From Sandhurst he was commissioned into the Grenadier Guards in January 2005. He was deployed to the Balkans, Africa, South East Asia, and the Falkland Islands, and saw active service in the Iraq War and Afghanistan. He retired from the army in 2009 with the rank of captain.

## Legal career

After training at BPP Law School, Hennessey qualified as a barrister in 2010. Since then he has been practising with 39 Essex Chambers, based in London.

## Media

Hennessey reported as a special foreign correspondent for The Times and has written numerous newspaper, magazine and journal articles in the UK and the USA. Hennessey wrote and presented a documentary entitled Kipling’s Indian Adventure which was shown on BBC Two in February 2016.
The programme looked into Rudyard Kipling's early life and career in India. He has written two books, both of which are accounts of his time as a British Army officer. He is a member of the Royal United Services Institute and is a regular media commentator on defence and legal matters.

### Publications

* The Junior Officers’ Reading Club: Killing Time and Fighting Wars (2009)
* Kandak (2012)
# Syvorotkino

Syvorotkino (Russian: Сывороткино) is a rural locality (a village) in Mardengskoye Rural Settlement, Velikoustyugsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 33 as of 2002.

## Geography

Syvorotkino is located 9 km west of Veliky Ustyug (the district's administrative centre) by road. Ishutino is the nearest rural locality.
# Vaura

Vaura is an American experimental band from Brooklyn, New York, United States, formed in 2009 by singer, guitarist and primary songwriter Joshua Strachan and featuring Kevin Hufnagel (Dysrhythmia, Gorguts) on lead guitar, Toby Driver (Kayo Dot, Maudlin of the Well, Secret Chiefs 3) on bass.
Vaura's debut album, Selenelion, was released on Wierd Records in February 2011. Stereogum described the record as "a warped, heady strain of metal, one that incorporates bits and pieces of black metal, post-rock, and prog, melting them all into one singular brooding sludge".
The band has toured in support of French group Alcest and has played with Bloody Panda, Sannhet, Deafheaven, Monarch and Castevet.
In early 2013, Vaura was signed to Profound Lore Records. Their sophomore effort, The Missing, was released by the label on November 12, 2013, followed by a third LP in 2019 entitled Sables which was mixed by longtime Scott Walker collaborator Peter Walsh. The Missing was named one of Pitchfork's Best Metal Albums of the Year, while The Wire called Sables "art-pop with an 80s sheen nodding to bands like Japan, The Fixx, and even Discipline-era King Crimson."

## Discography
### Studio albums

* Selenelion (2012, Wierd)
* The Missing (2013, Profound Lore)
* Sables (2019, Profound Lore)
* Vista of Deviant Anatomies (2022, Primal Architecture Records)
# Tanita S. Davis

Tanita S. Davis is an American author of young adult novels, best known for her NAACP Image Award-nominated and Coretta Scott King Award-winning novel Mare's War, about two teens going on a roadtrip with her WWII veteran grandmother who tells them about her rebellious past.

## Personal life

Davis was born in San Francisco, California and is the youngest of her biological siblings. She has two adopted siblings. She studied Creative Writing with an emphasis in Prose at Mills College, originally not setting out to write for children, but ultimately wrote an early draft of what would become her fourth published novel, Mare's War, as her thesis. She states that the works of Victor LaValle, Ginu Kamani, and Micheline Aharonian Marcom taught her more about writing than her degree. After graduating from Mills College with an MFA in 2004, she spent five years living in Scotland, where her husband completed his PhD before moving back to Northern California.
Davis is married and lives in Northern California with her husband.

## Works

* Camp Chronicles Series
** Summer of Friends (Review & Herald Publishing, 1999)
** Summer of Memories (Review & Herald Publishing, 2000)
* A la Carte (Knopf Books for Young Readers, 2008)
* Mare's War (Knopf Books for Young Readers, 2009)
* Happy Families (Knopf Books for Young Readers, 2012)
* Peas and Carrots (Knopf Books for Young Readers, 2016)
* Serena Says (Katherine Tegen Books, 2020)
* Partly Cloudy (Katherine Tegen Books, 2021)
* Figure It Out, Henri Weldon (HarperCollins US, 2023)

## Awards

Won
* 2010 Coretta Scott King Honor for Mare's War
Nominated
* 2010 NAACP Image Award in Outstanding Literary Work - Youth/Teens category for Mare's War
# Acacia aprica

Acacia aprica, commonly known as blunt wattle, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to a restricted part of the south-west of Western Australia. It is a diffuse, open, spreading shrub sessile, incurved phyllodes that are circular to 4-sided in cross section, and one or two racemes of heads of 40 to 55, usually golden flowers, and linear, crust-like pods up to 60 mm (2.4 in) long.

## Description

Acacia aprica is a diffuse, open, spreading shrub that typically grows to a height of 0.3–2 m (1 ft 0 in – 6 ft 7 in) and has its branchlets densely covered with silvery, silky hairs between its ribs. Its phyllodes are more or less sessile, curved, circular to 4-sided in cross section, 5–11 mm (0.20–0.43 in) long and 1.0–1.5 mm (0.039–0.059 in) wide. The phyllodes are covered with silky, silvery hairs when young, and there are eight broad, longitudinal veins with a dark furrow between the veins. The flowers are borne in one or two racemes of more or less spherical heads to oblong heads of flowers in axils on a peduncle up to 2 mm (0.079 in) long. Each head contains 40 to 55 usually golden flowers. Flowering occurs from June to August, and the pod is a linear, crust-like pod up to 60 mm (2.4 in) long and 2 mm (0.079 in) wide. The pods contain oblong to elliptic seeds 2.5–3.0 mm (0.098–0.118 in) long.

## Taxonomy

Acacia aprica was first formally described in 1999 by Bruce Maslin and Alexander Robert Chapman in the journal Nuytsia from specimens Maslin collected near Coorow in 1976. The specific epithet (aprica) means "uncovered", referring to the open habit of this species.

## Distribution and habitat

Blunt wattle grows on plains and rocky hills between Carnamah and Coorow in the Avon Wheatbelt and Geraldton Sandplains bioregions of south-western Western Australia.

## Conservation status

This species of wattle is listed as "endangered" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 the IUCN redlist, and as "Threatened Flora (Declared Rare Flora — Extant)" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions. The main threats to the species include weed invasion, habitat loss, disturbance and modification, and inappropriate fire regimes.
# St Botolph Billingsgate

St Botolph's, Billingsgate was a Church of England parish church in London. Of medieval origin, it was located in the Billingsgate ward of the City of London and destroyed by the Great Fire of London in 1666.

## History

The church, which dated back to medieval times, stood on the south side of Thames Street, at the corner of Botolph Lane. It was one of four churches in medieval London dedicated to St Botolph, a 7th-century East Anglian saint, each of which stood by one of the gates of the London Wall. The others erected were St Botolph's, Aldgate; St Botolph's, Aldersgate; and St Botolph's, Bishopsgate, all three of which survive. By the end of the 11th century Botolph was regarded as the patron saint of boundaries, and by extension of trade and travel. This was apt as the church was close to the city wharves and also to London Bridge, which at the time of the church's construction lay slightly further east.
During the 15th century the church was extended to the south over an undercroft. On the south side of this extension, at the south-east corner of the enlarged church, was a small stone-built vestry, which also had a cellar beneath. The parish rented out these cellars, usually to the same tenant. Archaeological excavations beneath part of the Billingsgate Lorry Park in 1982 uncovered the remains of the vault beneath the aisle of the church, and what may have been those of the one beneath the vestry.
A piece of land, formerly used as a passageway was given to the parish by the City corporation for use as an additional churchyard. Having been enclosed within a brick wall, it was consecrated in 1617. In 1620 the church was "repaired and beautified" at a cost of more than £600.
The composer Thomas Morley was buried in the churchyard.

## Destruction

St Botolph's, Billingsgate was destroyed by the Great Fire of London in 1666 and not rebuilt. Instead, the parish was united with that of St George Botolph Lane (which has itself since been united with St Mary-at-Hill). The site of the church and its adjoining churchyard continued to be used for burials, although a house was built on part of the site of the nave and rented out by the parish. In around 1677 a shop was built above a newly constructed burial vault in the churchyard and leased out for the benefit of the poor at a rent of £4 a year; a second vault was built, and a shop constructed over it in 1693. In the same year the site of the chancel was sold and the land used to widen the lane between Thames Street and Botolph Wharf.
The upper churchyard was also retained as a burial ground for the united parishes. It survives as a privately owned garden at the corner of Monument Street and Botolph Lane, under the name of "One Tree Park".
# Mogilnice

Mogilnice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sztabin, within Augustów County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) west of Sztabin, 23 km (14 mi) south of Augustów, and 61 km (38 mi) north of the regional capital Białystok.
# Enforced disappearances in Sri Lanka

Tens of thousands of people have been disappeared in Sri Lanka since the 1980s. A 1999 study by the United Nations found that Sri Lanka had the second highest number of disappearances in the world and that 12,000 Sri Lankans had disappeared after being detained by the Sri Lankan security forces. A few years earlier the Sri Lankan government had estimated that 17,000 people had disappeared. In 2003 the Red Cross stated that it had received 20,000 complaints of disappearances during the Sri Lankan Civil War of which 9,000 had been resolved but the remaining 11,000 were still being investigated. Amnesty International reported in 2017 that the disappeared persons in Sri Lanka could be between 60,000 and 100,000 since the late 1980s.
Human rights groups such as Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch and Asian Human Rights Commission have documented many of the disappearances and attributed them to the Sri Lankan security forces, pro-government paramilitary groups and Sri Lankan Tamil militant groups.
In 2016, the government under president Maithripala Sirisena agreed to issue a certificate of absence to relatives of over 65,000 that went missing during the civil war and the marxist uprising allowing them to temporarily manage the property and assets of missing people, to obtain provisional guardianship of their children and apply for government welfare schemes. Further the Office on Missing Persons (OMP) a proposal by Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe was created in the same year
In 2020, president Gotabaya Rajapaksa confirmed that the missing people from the civil war are actually dead.

## Background

Sri Lanka has a history of disappearances, both during the Sri Lankan Civil War and the 1980s JVP insurrection. Commissions have documented how thousands of people have been kidnapped by armed men and disappeared without a trace. The victims largely belong to the minority Sri Lankan Tamil community and thousands of Sinhalese youths from the Sinhalese community during the JVP insurgency.

## White van abductions

Many Tamil nationalists claim there was a resurgence of abductions in 2005 after the failure of Norwegian mediated peace process. The victims of the abductions were predominantly Sri Lankan Tamils living in Jaffna and Colombo. A notable feature in the abductions is the use of white vans without number plates. White van abductions were a part of life in Jaffna and the abductions were carried with impunity even during curfew hours in this period.
Several youth were also abducted in Colombo by white vans in 2008. The families of the victims accused the then navy commander and Gotabhaya Rajapaksa of the abductions.
Then president Mahinda Rajapaksa's brother and then defence secretary Gotabhaya Rajapaksa is accused of being the "architect of white van abductions" and is accused of silencing critics and dissidents. However Gotabhaya replied saying that White vans only abduct "criminals"
# Teakettle, Belize

Teakettle is a settlement in the Cayo District of Belize in Central America. According to the 2010 census, Teakettle had a population of 1,747 people in 360 households.

## History

On 28 October 2011 eleven students mysteriously fell ill during school and were transported to the Western Regional Hospital in Belmopan. Doctors have not found out the origin of the illness.

## Location and geographic setting

Teakettle is situated on the George Price Highway five miles west of Belmopan.

## Climate

Teakettle has a tropical climate, with little temperature difference between seasons, but a pronounced rainy season.
# Pahleh

Pahleh (Persian: پهله) is a city in, and the capital of, Zarrinabad District of Dehloran County, Ilam province, Iran. It also serves as the administrative center for Seyd Nasraldin Rural District.

## Demographics
### Ethnicity

The city is populated by Kurds.

### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 4,341 in 840 households. The following census in 2011 counted 4,065 people in 954 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 3,870 people in 1,015 households.
# Geomyoidea

Geomyoidea is a superfamily of rodent that contains the pocket gophers (Geomyidae), the kangaroo rats and mice (Heteromyidae), and their fossil relatives.

## Characteristics

Although dissimilar in overall appearance, gophers have been united with kangaroo rats into a common superfamily for a considerable time. The superfamily Geomyoidea is among the few superfamilial relationships in rodents that is not subject to much controversy. Overall morphology, the fossil record, molecular analyses, and biogeography all support this relationship.
Geomyoids are most noticeably characterized by the position of the infraorbital canal. Unlike all other rodents who have the opening of the infraorbital canal facing forward, geomyoids have an infraorbital canal that faces to the side. Instead of passing through the zygoma, the infraorbital canal of geomyoids has moved to the side of the snout. This condition is so pronounced and the snout so narrow in heteromyids that the infraorbital canals from either side connect. Essentially, if the skull of a heteromyid is viewed from the side, the viewer can see directly through it.
Modern geomyoids are mostly restricted to North America, but some representatives have extended their range into South America since the Great American Interchange. Fossil taxa are known from throughout Laurasia.

## Relation to other rodents

Geomyoids have been considered to be either sciuromorphous or myomorphous depending on the authority. The masseter muscle does not pass through the infraorbital canal; it cannot due to the position of the canal. Some authorities consider the geomyoids related to squirrels, beavers, and mountain beavers on this basis.
The masseter muscle does attach directly behind the zygomatic arch in a manner very different from sciuromorphs. Some authorities consider geomyoids myomorphs based on this feature. This suggests they may be related to mice, jerboas, and perhaps dormice.

## Taxonomy

The family †Eomyidae is alternatively referred to as a member of the superfamily Geomyoidea or as a separate superfamily (†Eomyoidea) within the shared infraorder "Geomorpha" (which is also used for a genus of shield-bugs). †Florentiamyidae and †Heliscomyidae are usually placed within the superfamily Geomyoidea regardless of if eomyids are treated as a separate superfamily or not (Korth et al., 1991). McKenna and Bell (1997) do not recognize heliscomyids as a distinct family, placing the one or two heliscomyid genera in Geomyoidea incertae sedis. Sometimes the pocket gophers and heteromyids are placed as separate subfamilies within a single family (Geomyidae). These subfamilies are Geomyinae and Heteromyinae respectively.
* Superfamily Geomyoidea
** Genus †Caribeomys incertae sedis
** Genus †Griphomys incertae sedis
** Genus †Meliakrouniomys incertae sedis
** Family †Eomyidae
** Family †Heliscomyidae
** Family †Florentiamyidae
** Family Geomyidae - pocket gophers
** Family Heteromyidae - kangaroo rats and mice, pocket mice
Cladogram showing interrelationships among geomyoid families following Korth et al. (1991):
# Paul Beamish

Paul Beamish is a Canadian social scientist, currently a Canada Research Chair at University of Western Ontario.
Beamish in 2013 received the prestigious Hellmuth Prize for Achievement in Research.
In 2021 Beamish was the winner Outstanding Contribution to the Case Method Award.
In 2022 Beamish received the John H. Dunning Academy of International Business (AIB) President’s Award.