OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Crossband operation

Crossband (cross-band, cross band) operation is a method of telecommunication in which a radio station receives signals on one frequency and simultaneously transmits on another for the purpose of full duplex communication or signal relay.
To avoid interference within the equipment at the station, the two frequencies used need to be separated, and ideally on different 'bands'. An unattended station working in this way is a radio repeater. It re-transmits the same information that it receives. This principle is used by telecommunications satellites and terrestrial mobile radio systems.

## Uses

Crossband operation is sometimes used by amateur radio operators. Rather than taking it in turns to transmit on the same frequency, both operators can transmit at the same time but on different bands, each one listening to the frequency that the other is using to transmit. A variation on this procedure includes establishing contact on one frequency and then changing to a pair of other frequencies to exchange messages.
Crossband operation is also used in communication between ships (inter-ship) with a HF installation. Frequencies that may be used can be found in the 'Manual for use by the Maritime Mobile and Maritime Mobile-Satellite Services'. Usually inter-ship communication is simplex only (VHF or MF), HF gives the possibility to work duplex but usually the transmitter and receiver are so close to each other that this may cause problems. The solution is to work on frequencies that are far apart e.g.: sending on 8 MHz and receiving on 12 MHz.
This mode is often used in amateur radio satellites, with uplink on the VHF band and downlink on UHF band such as IO-86, AO-91, SO-50 and ARISS. Some of satellites such as PO-101 and AO-91 reversed that order with UHF band uplink and VHF band downlink. Such operation required a cross-band directional antenna that can transmit and receive on different antenna.
# Killing of Eurie Martin

Eurie Martin was a 58-year-old mentally ill African-American man killed by three Washington County, Georgia sheriff's deputies, on the evening of July 7, 2017.
Martin was walking along, or perhaps on, the road going from his home in Milledgeville toward Sandersville. In the all-White settlement of Deepstep, Georgia, he asked Cyrus Harris, a local resident, for water. Harris called 911.
While attempting to arrest and handcuff Martin, the deputies used Taser devices against him fifteen times in less than five minutes. Video shows the policemen kneeling on Martin's shoulders, legs and waist holding the devices against his body until he stopped moving. Witnesses pointed out that two of the officers were obese.
The three policemen were fired and charged with felony murder, involuntary manslaughter, false imprisonment, aggravated assault and reckless conduct. At the trial, experts testified that it was electrocution, not an underlying medical condition that caused Martin's death. Medical testimony showed Martin had no drugs in his system. The prosecution also produced witnesses that such a use of a Taser was not within the department's guidelines.
The deputies had to justify the use of Tasers. They first said that Martin physically threatened him. But eyewitnesses said there were no threats, which was confirmed by the video. Without reasonable suspicion of a crime, Martin could legally resist being handcuffed.
After Martin was motionless, the deputies tried to figure out a crime to charge him with, a discussion that was captured on video. They first mentioned trespassing, then changed it to walking on the road.
Deputies testified that Martin was walking on the road as they arrived, a crime that justified the arrest. The prosecution argued that it was a rural road with no sidewalk, and people commonly walked down the road.
Eyewitnesses Lee Curtis Bentley and Susan Steele testified the lawmen did not give aid to Martin when he was restrained.
The officer's defense initially claimed the killing was covered by Georgia's Stand Your Ground law. This was disallowed. They then maintained their actions were in fact within the Sheriff's Office guidelines and that they were not trained in those guidelines.
On October 25, 2021, the jury asked to see the video of the incident again. They then sent the judge a note saying they were unable to reach a unanimous verdict. The judge then jury read the Allen charge encouraging them to continue deliberations. Two days later, a mistrial was declared.
# Roberto Maldonado (fencer)

Roberto Maldonado (born 7 June 1936) is a Puerto Rican fencer. He competed in the individual épée event at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
# Kolimagi

Kolimagi is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kolno, within Kolno County, which is part of Podlaskie Voivodeship in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) south-west of Kolno and 94 km (58 mi) west of the regional capital Białystok.
# Ein Stück Himmel

Ein Stück Himmel is a German television series based on Janina David's autobiography A Square of Sky: A Jewish Childhood in Wartime Poland.
# Coulonges-les-Hérolles

Coulonges-les-Hérolles (French pronunciation:; before 2024: Coulonges) is a commune in the Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in western France.

## Geography

The river Benaize forms the commune's south-western border.
# Dobry Las

Dobry Las is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zbójna, within Łomża County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-east of Zbójna, 21 km (13 mi) north-west of Łomża, and 90 km (56 mi) west of the regional capital Białystok.
# Irakli Khakhubia

Irakli Khakhubia (Georgian: ირაკლი ხახუბია; 15 May 1971 – 27 October 2022) was a Georgian engineer and politician of the Georgian Dream party.

## Biography

Khakhubia graduated from Georgian Technical University with a degree in engineering majoring in Cars and Motor Car Manufacturing in 1994 and earned a certificate in International Economic Relations from Tbilisi Business and Marketing Higher School-Institute in 1997.
Khakhubia was a Majoritarian candidate in the 2016 election following his nomination by the Georgian prime minister Giorgi Kvirikashvili on 24 July 2016. On 11 August, his candidacy was challenged by members of his party for his alleged ties with former government and was accused of sponsoring United National Movement by Shalva Natelashvili. Khakhubia went on to win the election with 49 per cent votes defeating his opponent Murtaz Zodelava who received 32 per cent votes.
Khakhubia died on 27 October 2022, at the age of 51.
# Jenkins Johnson Gallery

Jenkins Johnson Gallery is a contemporary art gallery owned and directed by Karen Jenkins-Johnson. The gallery exhibits a spectrum of influential artists from emerging to established. There are 2 gallery spaces: one in San Francisco and a project space in Brooklyn.

## History of the Jenkins Johnson Gallery

In 1996, Karen Jenkins-Johnson opened Jenkins Johnson Gallery in San Francisco. In 2005, the gallery opened a second space in Chelsea, NYC. The Chelsea space operated until 2014.

### Jenkins Johnson Projects

In 2017, Jenkins Johnson Gallery opened a community oriented project space emphasizing curators and artists of color - Jenkins Johnson Projects - in Prospect Lefferts Gardens, Brooklyn.
# Red Istanbul

Red Istanbul (Turkish: İstanbul Kırmızısı, Italian: Rosso Istanbul) is a 2017 drama film directed by Ferzan Özpetek, based on the novel written by Özpetek, published in 2013. The film was shot in Turkish language with a cast composed entirely of Turkish actors, 16 years after his second work Harem Suare, director Özpetek came back to shoot a film in Istanbul. The film's first international promotion was held at the Rome Film Festival.

## Plot

The writer Orhan Şahin returns to Istanbul after so many years to help the well-known director Deniz Soysal to write his first novel. Orhan finds himself to look with nostalgia at the places where he was born and raised, reliving the relationships with friends, family and past loves.

## Cast

* Halit Ergenç: Orhan Şahin
* Tuba Büyüküstün: Neval
* Mehmet Günsür: Yusuf
* Nejat İşler: Deniz Soysal
* Serra Yılmaz: Sibel
* Zerrin Tekindor: Aylin
* Ayten Gökçer: Betül
* İpek Bilgin: Güzin
* Çiğdem Selışık Onat: Süreyya
* Reha Özcan: Ali

## Production

The shooting was expected to begin in September 2015, but after several delays, due to the delicate social / political situation of the Turkish city, filming officially began April 12, 2016, for a total of seven weeks. The sequences have taken place entirely in Istanbul, but in some areas, for safety reasons, it was not possible to shoot. The film cost 5.5 million Euro.

## Distribution

The film has been released in Italian language in Italy on 2 March 2017, while in Turkey it was released on March 3. It was distributed by 01 Distribution in Italy and by Mars Dağıtım in Turkey.
# Fedorovskoye, Kharovsky District, Vologda Oblast

Fedorovskoye (Russian: Федоровское) is a rural locality (a village) in Kubenskoye Rural Settlement, Kharovsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 1 as of 2002.

## Geography

Fedorovskoye is located 10 km northeast of Kharovsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Loshchinikha is the nearest rural locality.
# Mohan Lal Chakma

Mohan Lal Chakma (c. 1912 – 21 June 2013) was an Indian politician. He was MLA for Penchartal, Tripura (1978–83).

## Life

Chakma was born at Mogchan village in the Chittagong Hill Tracts. He worked as a school teacher in the Rangamati district and in 1947 fought for the inclusion of the hill tracts with India during the partition. Due to his political activities, the then East Pakistan authorities issued an arrest warrant against him, due to which he fled to Tripura in India.
He died on 21 June 2013 at the age of 101.
# Kolonia, Podlaskie Voivodeship

Kolonia is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sejny, within Sejny County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Lithuania.
# Kolonia Księżyno

Kolonia Księżyno is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Juchnowiec Kościelny, within Białystok County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north of Juchnowiec Kościelny and 6 km (4 mi) south-west of the regional capital Białystok.
# 1961 Liechtenstein referendums

Three referendums were held in Liechtenstein during 1961. The first was held on 12 March on the creation of a new tax law, and was approved by 66.7% of voters. The second was held on 8 August on an initiative on the law on land surveying, and was approved by 60.9% of voters. The third on 8 December was on an initiative on hunting law, and was approved by 51% of voters.

## Results
### New tax law

| Choice | Votes | % |
| For | 1,952 | 66.7 |
| Against | 975 | 33.3 |
| Invalid/blank votes | 120 | – |
| Total | 3,047 | 100 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 3,595 | 84.8 |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver |||

### Land surveying law initiative

| Choice | Votes | % |
| For | 1,548 | 60.9 |
| Against | 993 | 39.1 |
| Invalid/blank votes | 159 | – |
| Total | 2,700 | 100 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 3,621 | 74.6 |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver |||

### Hunting law initiative

| Choice | Votes | % |
| For | 1,416 | 51.0 |
| Against | 1,359 | 49.0 |
| Invalid/blank votes | 136 | – |
| Total | 2,911 | 100 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 3,619 | 80.4 |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver |||
# Joe Bird

Joe Bird may refer to:
* Joe Bird (singer) (1967–2009), member of Canadian comedy troupe Three Dead Trolls in a Baggie
* Joe Bird (baseball), manager of teams such as the Cooleemee Cards
* J. Edward Bird (1868–1948), Canadian legal figure
# Brick Towers

Brick Towers was a 324-unit affordable housing development in Newark, New Jersey, originally occupied in 1970. The buildings were demolished in 2008, despite opposition by the City's Mayor Cory Booker, who was living in the property at the time. Although the buildings were reported structurally sound, there were persistent problems with poor management and associated criminal activity. The site has been redeveloped.
# Dyakovskaya, Vologda Oblast

Dyakovskaya (Russian: Дьяковская) is a rural locality (a village) in Kharovskoye Rural Settlement, Kharovsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 12 as of 2002.

## Geography

Dyakovskaya is located 17 km southwest of Kharovsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Pogost Nikolsky is the nearest rural locality.
# Rod Baker

Rod Baker (born March 18, 1952) is an American professional basketball coach who last served as an assistant coach for the NBA G League Ignite of the NBA G League.

## College career

Baker played basketball at the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts from 1970 to 1974. While playing, he earned a Bachelor of Arts Degree in English and was an Education Minor.

## Head coaching record

Statistics overview :
| Season | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| Tufts Jumbos (New England Small College Athletic Conference) (1983–1988) ||||||
| 1983–84 | Tufts | 12–12 | – | |
| 1984–85 | Tufts | 15–10 | – | |
| 1985–86 | Tufts | 15–10 | – | |
| 1986–87 | Tufts | 14–11 | – | |
| 1987–88 | Tufts | 16–9 | – | |
| Tufts: | Tufts: | 72–52 | – | |
| UC Irvine Anteaters (Big West Conference) (1991–1997) ||||||
| 1991–92 | UC Irvine | 7–22 | 3–15 | 9th |
| 1992–93 | UC Irvine | 6–21 | 4–14 | 8th |
| 1993–94 | UC Irvine | 10–20 | 4–14 | 10th |
| 1994–95 | UC Irvine | 13–16 | 6–12 | 8th |
| 1995–96 | UC Irvine | 15–12 | 11–7 | 2nd |
| 1996–97 | UC Irvine | 1–25 | 1–15 | 9th |
| UC Irvine: | UC Irvine: | 52–116 | 29–77 | |
| Total: | Total: | 124–168 | | |
| National champion   Postseason invitational champion   Conference regular season champion   Conference regular season and conference tournament champion  Division regular season champion  Division regular season and conference tournament champion  Conference tournament champion ||||||
# The Honey Moon

The Honey Moon is a play by John Tobin. It was influenced by Shakespeare’s Taming of the Shrew and performed throughout the 19th century.

## History

The first performance of the play was at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, on 31 January 1805. Robert William Elliston played Aranza, with Miss Duncan (Maria Rebecca Davison) as Juliana. It opened in Edinburgh on 14 November 1809, with Henry Siddons playing the Duke and his wife Harriet Siddons as Juliana. It was revived at Drury Lane on 30 June 1827, with James Warde as the Duke and Frances Eleanor Jarman as his wife.
* Mr Elliston as the duke
* Miss Duncan as Juliana

## Plot

The play was set in Spain in the early 17th century. The Duke of Aranza, pretending to be a peasant who has tricked his new bride, Juliana, into marriage, takes her to their supposed new home, a modest country cottage. There he subjects her to a regime to reform her "proud spirit". When she submits to his will, he reveals his true identity and installs her in her rightful place in his palace.
# Lichina

Lichina is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Lichinaceae. The genus contains four marine species. These cyanolichens include species such as L. pygmaea or L. confinis, in which the associated cyanobiont has been assigned to the genus Rivularia. Furthermore, evidence of a high specificity of each mycobiont towards particular cyanobiont lineages in both species has been detected.

## Taxonomy

Lichina was circumscribed by the Swedish botanist Carl Adolph Agardh in 1817. He assigned Lichina pygmaea as the type species. This lichen was originally described by John Lightfoot in 1777 as Fucus pygmaea in his work Flora Scotica.

## Description

Lichina species form characteristic black fruiting thalli associated with cyanobacteria. They often create distinguishable bands in the intertidal and supralittoral zones of rocky coastal areas in temperate and cold regions of both hemispheres. The thalli are typically dwarf-fruticose, with branches that can be rounded or flattened depending on the species and growth conditions.

## Habitat, distribution, and ecology

Lichina species are found in maritime habitats worldwide. Three species (L. pygmaea, L. confinis, and L. canariensis) occur in the Northern Hemisphere, while L. intermedia is restricted to the Southern Hemisphere. They typically grow on rocky shores, with different species occupying distinct zones based on their tolerance to submersion and sea spray.
Lichina species play important roles in rocky coastal ecosystems. They are often associated with diverse bacterial communities and can form biofilms on rock surfaces. The genus shows varying levels of genetic diversity, with L. intermedia showing particularly high intraspecific variation.

## Evolutionary history and biogeography

Molecular studies suggest that the diversification of the genus Lichina began between 22.8 and 84.65 million years ago. The current geographic distribution of Lichina species is believed to be the result of long-distance dispersal events across ocean basins, rather than ancient vicariance.

## Species

The following species are recognized in the genus Lichina:
* Lichina canariensis Pérez-Ort., de los Ríos & Garrido-Benavent (2023)
* Lichina confinis (O.F.Müll.) C.Agardh (1821)
* Lichina intermedia (C.Bab.) M.Schultz (2017)
* Lichina pygmaea (Lightf.) C.Agardh (1817)
Recent phylogenetic studies have led to a reevaluation of the genus Lichina. Several species previously included in the genus, such as L. antarctica, L. minutissima, L. tasmanica, and L. willeyi, are now considered to be phylogenetically distinct from the core Lichina group. These species, along with others like L. rosulans and L. polycarpa, are typically non-marine and form pycnoascocarps, characteristics that set them apart from the four recognised marine Lichina species. As a result, they are likely to be reclassified into different genera in future taxonomic revisions. Additionally, some species like L. antarctica and L. macrospora require further phylogenetic evaluation to determine their taxonomic placement.
# Dobrzyniówka, Białystok County

Dobrzyniówka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zabłudów, within Białystok County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland.
# Claude Arnaud

Claude Arnaud (born 24 April 1955 in Paris) is a French writer, essayist, and biographer. He won the 2006 Prix Femina Essai.

## Biography

He worked as an offset printing activist and participated in the Workers' Struggle.
From 1977–83 he worked in "Film" monthly, led by Jacques Fieschi. He studied literature at the University of Vincennes. He wrote a play about "the redemptive powers of love," with Bernard Minoret, "Les salons" ("Trade shows"). In 1988, he published a biography of Nicolas Chamfort.

## Villa Medicis

He was Resident at the Villa Medici in Rome in 1989 and 1990.

## Works

* Bernard Minoret, Claude Arnaud, Les salons, J.C. Lattès, 1985
* Chamfort, a biography. University of Chicago Press. 1992. ISBN 978-0-226-02697-8. Claude Arnaud.
* Le caméléon: roman, B. Grasset, 1994, ISBN 978-2-246-45601-8
* Le jeu des quatre coins: roman, B. Grasset, 1998, ISBN 978-2-246-53881-3
* Jean Cocteau, Gallimard, 2003, ISBN 978-2-07-075233-1
* Qui dit je en nous: une histoire subjective de l'identité, Grasset, 2006, ISBN 978-2-246-69981-1
* Babel 1990: Rome, Saint-Pétersbourg, New York, Gallimard, 2008, ISBN 978-2-07-034884-8
* Qu'as-tu fait de tes frères?, Grasset & Fasquelle, 2010, ISBN 978-2-246-77111-1
* John Richardson, Elizabeth Cowling, Claude Arnaud, Picasso: the Mediterranean years 1945–1962, Rizzoli, 2010, ISBN 978-0-8478-3535-5
* Les chemins creux, Editions Graine d'Auteur, 2011, ISBN 978-2-35663-018-6
# Maly Istok

Maly Istok (Russian: Малый Исток) is a rural locality (a village) in Sudskoye Rural Settlement, Cherepovetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 5 as of 2002. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Maly Istok is located 42 km (26 mi) west of Cherepovets (the district's administrative centre) by road. Maloye Novo is the nearest rural locality.
# Dorothy Kurgans Goldberg

Dorothy Kurgans Goldberg (August 1, 1908 – February 13, 1988) was an American artist and writer.

## Early life and education

Dorothy Kurgans was born in St. Louis, Missouri, the daughter of Louis and Esther Feldman Kurgans. Her father was in the garment industry. She studied art and art education at the University of Chicago and the Art Institute of Chicago, and completed doctoral studies at the University of Chicago in 1932.

## Career

Goldberg exhibited her paintings, taught art, co-founded the Associated Artists Gallery in Washington, D.C., and supported community art programs in New York and Washington. While her husband was ambassador to the United Nations, she chose the art they displayed in the twelve-story United States Mission headquarters in New York. Books by Goldberg included The Creative Woman (1963), A Private View of Public Life (a memoir, 1975), Lola and the Moving Stairs (a children's book), and Sculpture in the Round (1989, poems, published posthumously).
In 1944, Goldberg testified before a congressional hearing on employment discrimination, representing the National Women's Trade Union League. While based in Washington, D.C., she founded an employment program, Widening Horizons, helped organize DC Citizens for Public Education, and was a founder of Friends of the Juvenile Court. She co-chaired the National School Volunteer Program, was co-founder of the Counselor Aide Program in DC schools, and served several terms on the President's Committee for the Handicapped. In 1970, she campaigned for her husband in his run for governor of New York.
On the international level, Goldberg represented the United States at the Belgrade Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, and she was an observer at the Ottawa Conference on Human Rights. She received the Mary McLeod Bethune Award in 1966, from the National Council of Negro Women.

## Personal life and legacy

In 1931, Dorothy Kurgans married lawyer Arthur J. Goldberg, who during their long marriage became Secretary of Labor in the Kennedy administration, an ambassador during the Johnson administration, ran for governor of New York in 1970, and served as a justice on the Supreme Court. They had two children, Barbara and Robert. Goldberg died from lung cancer in 1988, aged 79 years, in New York.
A Virginia gallery held an exhibition of Goldberg's paintings in 2001.
# Deshinskoye

Deshinskoye (Russian: Дешинское) is a rural locality (a village) in Kharovskoye Rural Settlement, Kharovsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 7 as of 2002.

## Geography

Deshinskoye is located 25 km southwest of Kharovsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Filippovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Komorniki, Podlaskie Voivodeship

Komorniki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bargłów Kościelny, within Augustów County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland.