OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Virtasalmi

Virtasalmi is a former municipality of Finland. On January 1, 2004, it was joined to the new municipality of Pieksänmaa with Jäppilä and Pieksämäen maalaiskunta.
# Miguel Corte-Real

Miguel Corte-Real (Portuguese pronunciation:; c. 1448 – 1502?) was a Portuguese explorer who charted about 600 miles of the coast of Labrador. In 1502, he disappeared while on an expedition and was believed to be lost at sea.

## Early life

Miguel Corte-Real was a son of João Vaz Corte-Real and a brother of explorer Gaspar Corte-Real, members of the Corte-Real family.

## Exploration

In 1500, Miguel's brother Gaspar reached Greenland, believing it to be Asia, but was unable to land. The following year, Gaspar sailed west again, this time making landfall at what is believed to have been Newfoundland. Only two of the three ships of the 1501 expedition returned to Portugal; the third ship, carrying Gaspar, was lost. Miguel invested significant sums of money into these two expeditions, and in return, Gaspar promised him a share of any new lands he claimed.
In May 1502, Miguel set out from Lisbon with three ships on an expedition to search for his brother. The expedition apparently reached the location where Gaspar's party had landed, at which point the three ships broke off in different directions to search. Later, the ship carrying Miguel failed to appear at a designated rendezvous on August 20. The other two ships made the return voyage to Portugal, while Miguel and his ship were never seen again.
In 1503, the last surviving brother, Vasco Añes Corte-Real, planned another rescue expedition for his two brothers. King Manuel I furnished two ships, but would not permit Vasco himself to sail with them. The expedition returned in the fall without having found any trace of either brother.

## Dighton Rock myth

In 1912 and 1928 Edmund B. Delabarre wrote that markings on the Dighton Rock in Massachusetts suggest that Miguel Corte-Real reached New England. Delabarre stated that the markings were abbreviated Latin, and the message, translated into English, read as follows: I, Miguel Cortereal, 1511. In this place, by the will of God, I became a chief of the Indians. Samuel Eliot Morison dismissed this evidence in his 1971 book The European Discovery of America: The Northern Voyages. More recent scholarship by Douglas Hunter has definitively debunked the Corte-Real origin myth.
# Cryptocarya hypospodia

Cryptocarya hypospodia, commonly known as northern laurel, white walnut, rib fruited pepperberry or north queensland purple laurel, is species of flowering plant in the laurel family and is native to northern Australia and New Guinea. It is a tree with elliptic to egg-shaped leaves, pale brown and creamy-green flowers, and spherical black drupes.

## Description

Cryptocarya hypospodia is a tree that typically grows to a height of up to 30 m (98 ft), its stems usually buttressed and soft hairs on its twigs. Its leaves are elliptic to egg-shaped, 65–245 mm (2.6–9.6 in) long and 25–135 mm (0.98–5.31 in) wide on a petiole 7–17 mm (0.28–0.67 in) long. The flowers are arranged in panicles longer than the leaves and are pale brown, creamy-green, and pleasantly perfumed. The perianth tube is 1.0–1.8 mm (0.039–0.071 in) long, 1.3–1.5 mm (0.051–0.059 in) wide and hairy near the tip. The outer tepals are 1.4–1.9 mm (0.055–0.075 in) long and 0.7–1.1 mm (0.028–0.043 in) wide and the inner tepals are 1.4–1.9 mm (0.055–0.075 in) long and 1.1–1.5 mm (0.043–0.059 in) wide. The outer anthers are 0.6–0.8 mm (0.024–0.031 in) long and 0.5–0.7 mm (0.020–0.028 in) wide, the inner anthers 0.6–0.8 mm (0.024–0.031 in) long and 0.4–0.6 mm (0.016–0.024 in) wide. Flowering occurs from November to May, and the fruit is a spherical black drupe 13–18 mm (0.51–0.71 in) long and 12–17 mm (0.47–0.67 in) wide with creamy cotyledons.

## Taxonomy

Cryptocarya hypospodia was first formally described in 1866 by Ferdinand von Mueller in his Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae from specimens collected near Rockingham Bay.

## Distribution and habitat

Northern laurel grows in rainforest and gallery forest from Cape York Peninsula and south to north-east and central eastern Queensland, on Croker Island in the Northern Territory and in New Guinea.

## Ecology

The fruit of C. hypospodia is eaten by cassowaries and fruit-eating birds, and is food for larval stages of butterflies.
# Richard Gyan Mensah

Richard Gyan-Mensah (born 20 June 1982) is a Ghanaian politician and member of the National Democratic Congress. He is the member of parliament for the Gomoa West Constituency in the Central Region of Ghana.

## Early life and education

Gyan was born on 20 June 1982 and hails from Gomoa Assin Brofoyedur in the Central Region of Ghana. He had his SSSCE in 2001 where he studied business. He had his bachelor's degree in accounting in 2007. He further had his master's degree in accounting and finance in 2017.

## Career

Gyan was the General Manager for Desert Oil Limited. He was also a Mathematics and ICT Tutor at Gomoa Dominase D/A Junior High School. He was also a part time tutor at City Business College. He was also an Accountant at Trust Hands Auto Limited, the Assistant Accounts Manager for Union Oil Ghana Limited and Head of Finance and Planning for Petrosol Ghana Limited.

## Politics

Gyan is a member of the National Democratic Congress and currently the Member of Parliament for Gomoa West Constituency in the Central Region.

### 2020 election

During the 2020 Ghanaian general election, he won the Gomoa West Constituency parliamentary seat. He won with 28,822 votes making 53.0% of the total votes cast whilst the NPP parliamentary candidate Alexander Kodwo Kom Abban had 25,235 votes making 44.9% of the total votes cast, the GUM parliamentary candidate Edmond Panyin Enchill had 716 votes making 1.3% of the total votes cast, and the PPP parliamentary candidate Charles Yawson had 481 votes making 0.9% of the total votes cast.

### Committees

Gyan is a member of the Members Holding Offices of Profit Committee and also a member of the Environment, Science and Technology Committee.

## Personal life

Gyan is a Christian.

## Philanthropy

In April 2021, he gave drivers in his constituency over 200 fuel coupons containing 10 gallons of fuel. He also supported the Apam Senior High School and Gomoa Senior High School with building materials.
In November 2021, he presented about 3,500 mathematical sets to final year students writing the BECE in his constituency.
# Anthony Griffith (actor)

Anthony Griffith is an American actor and comedian. He was born to a religious family in Chicago, Illinois, where he lived until he went to college in the 1980s. While in college he took up stand-up comedy.
While performing through the Los Angeles comedy club circuit, he was asked to perform for The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson a number of times. At the same time, his 2-year-old daughter's cancer had returned, eventually claiming her life, as tearfully recounted by Griffith in a deeply emotional episode of The Moth.
As an actor, he has had a number of roles, such as Tales from the Hood, Mario Van Peebles' Panther, The Curve and the television drama Our Father as well as a number of others. He received an Emmy for his performance in "Our Father".
He resides in Los Angeles, California.
He has multiple sclerosis.
# Sarab Meymeh District

Sarab Meymeh District (Persian: بخش سراب میمه) is in Dehloran County, Ilam province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Meymeh.

## History

In 2013, Meymeh and several villages were separated from Zarrinabad District in the formation of Sarab Meymeh District.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2016 National Census, the district's population was 2,766 inhabitants in 798 households.

### Administrative divisions

Sarab Meymeh District Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2016 |
| Gurab RD | 626 |
| Takhtan RD | 227 |
| Meymeh (city) | 1,913 |
| Total | 2,766 |
| RD = Rural District ||
# Margaret Pellegrini

Margaret Pellegrini (née Williams; September 23, 1923 – August 7, 2013) was an American actress, vaudeville performer and dancer, best known for playing one of the Munchkins from the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz. Until her death in 2013, she was one of the three surviving munchkins, the other two being Jerry Maren and Ruth Robinson Duccini.

## Biography

Pellegrini was born Margaret Williams in Tuscumbia, Alabama. When she was helping a relative in a potato chip booth at the Tennessee State Fair, a group of little people came by and asked if she wanted to join their show, Henry Kramer's Midgets. "At that time I didn't think I was a midget," says Pellegrini (who then stood about 3 ft 4 in (1.02 m)). In the film, Pellegrini played a "sleepyhead" flower pot and Munchkin villager. After the film, she married Willie Pellegrini (an average-sized ex-fighter) and had two children. Through the years, Pellegrini frequently appeared at surviving Munchkins of Oz festivities.

## Munchkins Walk of fame

Pellegrini was present on November 21, 2007, when the remaining Munchkins were given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. She was also named the Grand Marshal of that year's annual "Oz-Stravaganza" parade in Chittenango, New York, but health issues prevented her from attending. Near the time of her death, she was described as a widowed great-great-grandmother living in Glendale, Arizona, with a room in her house devoted to her treasured Oz collectibles.

## Death

Pellegrini died on August 7, 2013, in Glendale, Arizona, due to complications from a stroke she had two days earlier. She outlived every major cast member of The Wizard of Oz. She was 89. Her burial is at Holy Cross Cemetery in Avondale, Arizona.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1939 | The Wizard of Oz | Munchkin Villager/Sleepyhead | Uncredited |
| 1971 | Johnny Got His Gun | | Uncredited |
| 1990 | The Wonderful Wizard of Oz: 50 Years of Magic | | Acknowledgement credit |
| 1993 | We're Off to See the Munchkins | | |
| 1994 | I Married a Munchkin | Sleepyhead | |
| 1997 | Biography | Herself | 1 episode |
| 2001 | Memories of Oz | Herself | |
| 2005 | Entertainment Tonight | Herself | 1 episode |
| 2005 | Because of the Wonderful Things It Does: The Legacy of Oz | Herself | |
| 2009 | The Yellow Brick Road and Beyond | Herself/Munchkin | Also special thanks credit |
| 2009 | Hollywood Celebrates Its Biggest Little Stars! | Herself | |
| 2013 | The Making of the Wonderful Wizard of Oz | | |
# Theo Alant

Theodorus Gerhardus "Theo" Alant is a South African politician who represented the National Party (NP) in the National Assembly from 1994 to 1999. He was elected in the 1994 general election and served as the NP's spokesperson on finance.
Before the end of apartheid, Alant served in the NP government of President F. W. de Klerk as deputy administrator for economic affairs and technology. He represented the NP during the negotiations to end apartheid and in subsequent negotiations for the drafting of the post-apartheid constitution. He remained with the NP after it was restyled as the New National Party in 1997, but he left Parliament after the 1999 general election and became a farmer in Jacobsdal, Free State.
# Mohammad Al-Basha

Mohammad Ghassan Al-Basha (Arabic: محمد غسان الباشا) (born February 5, 1988) is a Jordanian footballer who plays as a defender for Al-Jazeera and the Jordan national football team.

## International career

He was one of the participants in the 2007 U-20 World Cup that was offered to play on the national team for seniors.
His first international game with the Jordan national team was between Jordan and Iraq in a friendly on September 16, 2010 in Amman, and Jordan won that match 4-1.

## Honors and participation in international tournaments
### In WAFF Championships

* 2010 WAFF Championship
# Mickey Hays

Mickey Hays (June 30, 1972 – June 30, 1992) was an American actor with progeria, a rare genetic condition whose symptoms resemble accelerated aging. He starred in the 1986 Weird Western science fiction film The Aurora Encounter, where he portrayed an alien who visits Earth. After the filming, Hays remained close friends with fellow cast member Jack Elam and appeared in the 1987 documentary about congenital conditions I Am Not a Freak. He died on his 20th birthday.
# Lutibacter flavus

Lutibacter flavus is a Gram-negative, obligately aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Lutibacter which has been isolated from tidal flat sediments from the Yellow Sea in Korea.
# Eugene Swift

Eugene D. Swift (born September 14, 1964) is an American retired hurdler.
He was born in Oakland, California. He finished sixth at the 1996 Olympic Games. At the 1999 Pan American Games he won the bronze medal in the 110 metres hurdles and finished fourth in the 4 × 100 metres relay.
His personal best time was 13.21 seconds, achieved three times. Indoors, in the 60 metre hurdles, he ran in 7.67 seconds in 1998.
# White River National Fish Hatchery

The White River National Fish Hatchery is a U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service coldwater fish production facility located near Bethel, Vermont. Hatchery staff works to support both the Connecticut River Atlantic Salmon Restoration Program (since 1978) and the Lower Great Lakes Lake Trout Restoration Program. The White River National Fish Hatchery is one of four offices in the Western New England Complex.

## Western New England Complex

The four offices of the Western New England Complex—Berkshire National Fish Hatchery, Dwight D. Eisenhower National Fish Hatchery, White River National Fish Hatchery and Lake Champlain Fish and Wildlife Resource Complex—work in concert to produce and manage fishery resources for restoration efforts in the Connecticut River and Lake Champlain. In addition, habitat conservation and restoration efforts are enacted throughout the four primary watersheds of Western New England to support fish and wildlife resources. This integrated approach to species and habitat management helps promote their goal of ecosystem conservation and restoration while providing recreational opportunities for the public.

## Mission

The mission of the hatchery was to produce and release Atlantic salmon fry in tributaries throughout the Connecticut River watershed. The hatchery previously supplied over 650,000 lake trout yearlings for stocking Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.

## Flood

The hatchery was damaged during Tropical Storm Irene in 2011. As a result, it was decommissioned for a period of years while undergoing $2.3 million in repairs. It reopened in July 2017.
# Kiril Nikolovski

Kiril Nikolovski (Macedonian: Кирил Николовски; born 9 June 1988) is a Macedonian professional basketball player born in Skopje. He is a former member of the Macedonian national basketball team.

## Pro career

Nikolovski started his pro career with Macedonian Team MZT Skopje in 2007.
Kiril is considered to be a versatile big man because of his dominating stature of 2.10 m (6 ft 11 in). His comfortable position is at center, however, he is capable of playing as a power forward due to his upside and talent.
On 28 June 2017, he signed with Karpoš Sokoli.
On 21 November 2017, he signed with Rabotnički.

## Macedonian national team

Nikolovski has also been a member of the Macedonian national basketball team since 2004, when he represented Macedonia at the FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship. He has competed with the team at all FIBA levels of U16, U18, U20, even the Senior team. He had helped Macedonia qualify to the EuroBasket 2011. Kiril Nikolovski is candidate for the Macedonian national basketball team for the 2012 FIBA World Olympic Qualifying Tournament in Caracas, Venezuela. According to the Coach Marjan Lazovski, Nikolovski, along with Aleksandar Kostoski and Bojan Trajkovski are likely to be the newest additions to the Senior team. “There is no need for big transformations of the roster (2011), but I will for certainly include Kiril Nikolovski (center) in the final squad (2012),” he said.
# Eeva-Kaarina Volanen

Eeva-Kaarina Volanen (January 15, 1921 Kuusankoski – January 29, 1999 Helsinki) was a Finnish actress. She worked at the Finnish National Theatre for 45 years (1945–1990). Her husband was professor Sakari Puurunen (July 25, 1921 Iisalmi – August 5, 2000 Helsinki). They had no children.
Volanen died suddenly in 1999, at age 78.

## Awards

* Jussi Award four times: three times as best actress, in 1948, 1949, and 1950, and in 1992 she received a Lifetime achievement Jussi Award.
* Pro Finlandia medal of the Order of the Lion of Finland in 1966.
* Ida Aalberg award.

## Filmography

* Synnin jäljet (1946)
* "Minä elän" (1946)
* Suopursu kukkii (1947)
* Naiskohtaloita (1947)
* Toukokuun taika (1948)
* Ruma Elsa (1949)
* Prinsessa Ruusunen (1949)
* Katupeilin takana (1949)
* Katarina kaunis leski (1950)
* Hallin Janne (1950)
* Kesäillan valssi (1951)
* Shamrock (1953)
* Onnelliset (1954)
* Kun on tunteet (1954)
* Musta rakkaus (1957)
* Pala valkoista marmoria (1998)
# Giorgi Sharabidze

Giorgi Sharabidze is a Georgian professional basketball who plays for Tskhum-Abkhazeti. He has also played for Feni Industries of the Macedonian First League.
# John Henry (actor)

John Henry (1738-October 16, 1794) was an Irish-born actor and early American actor and theatre manager.

## Career

Henry was born in Dublin, performed there and in London, and went to Jamaica with Charles Storer and his family about 1762.
He made his New York debut at the opening of the John Street Theatre on December 7, 1767, playing the role of Aimwell in The Beaux' Stratagem. He is said to have been the first to play the role of Peter Teazle in The School for Scandal in America. At the end of the American Revolution, after additional time in England and Jamaica, he returned to America and worked with Lewis Hallam Jr. to manage the American Company. He left the company in 1794 after disagreements with actor John Hodgkinson, who he had brought to the United States in 1792 together with his wife stage actress Frances Brett Hogkinson. William Dunlap described Henry as being six feet tall "and uncommonly handsome."
Henry died at sea of illness on October 16, 1794, reportedly from complications from gout.

## Personal life

Henry's private life was a source of gossip during his day. He rode in a private coach, which was unusual for the time, and though seen as ostentatious he maintained it was because he had gout. Henry also had two wives, sisters surnamed Storer who were both actresses.
The first wife, Jane, and their two young children, died at sea during a ship fire in 1767 off the coast of Newport, Rhode Island. Henry and Jane's younger sister Ann survived. Henry and Ann then lived together (and she may have bore him a son), but likely never formally married. Henry eventually married younger sister Maria, who died shortly after the death of her husband from her grief over his loss.

## Selected performances

* The Roman Father, October 1767, as Publius Horatius (first continental appearance)
* The School for Scandal as Peter Teazle
* The Beaux' Stratagem as Aimwell, December 1767 (first New York appearance)
* School for Soldiers; or, the Deserters (play by Henry, 1781; published in Kingston, Jamaica, 1783, adapted from Le Deserteur by Louis-Sébastien Mercier)
* The Father (1789)
# Lurie–Houghton telescope

The Houghton telescope or Lurie–Houghton telescope is a catadioptric telescope. Houghton's original design uses a two-lens corrector at the front of the telescope and a spherical mirror at the back; it was patented in 1944. Instead of the hard to make intricately shaped compound curve Schmidt corrector plate, or the heavy Maksutov-type meniscus corrector lens, the Houghton double-lens corrector is relatively easy to make.
It consists of two lenses: A positive and a negative, set at the front of the telescope which fixes the telescope's aperture. All lens and mirror surfaces are spherical, which eases construction. These lenses are relatively thin, though not as thin as the Schmidt corrector. Light loss and "ghost" reflections, troublesome in the past, are minimal with modern anti-reflective coatings.
Lurie's modification of Houghton's original design places a diagonal mirror on the corrector, to direct the focused light outside the telescope tube in the same way as a Newtonian telescope; doing so allows a shorter focal length and wider field of view.

## The corrector

Each surface of the lenses in the corrector creates a degree of freedom to correct optical aberrations. There are enough degrees of freedom to correct for spherical aberration, coma, and field curvature. It is placed in the path of the incoming light rays, which are parallel, so the residual chromatic aberration is very nearly zero. The Houghton corrector can be made of the same type of glass (usually BK7) which reduces cost. The design tolerances are very relaxed, compared to the similar Maksutov telescopes.
There are two types of correctors: symmetric and asymmetric. In the symmetric version r$_1$ = −r$_3$ and r$_2$ = −r$_4$ which allows for interferometry testing of the surfaces against each other. However, the correction is not quite as good as with the asymmetric corrector, which has four different radii.
The following figure shows the equations necessary to design the symmetric-form of the corrector.

## The mirrors

Unlike the paraboloidal mirror used in the Newtonian telescope, the Houghton uses a spheroidal primary mirror. A spheroidal mirror is much easier to make because the entire surface appears to uniformly "black out" when checked with a Foucault test. In the Houghton and the Lurie–Houghton, the radius of curvature of the primary mirror is slightly less than that of the total system. The diameter of the primary mirror should be larger than the aperture set by the corrector, to reduce vignetting.
The secondary mirror in the Lurie–Houghton is identical to the secondary mirror in a Newtonian telescope. An advantage of the Lurie–Houghton over the Newtonian is that the secondary mirror can be mounted to one of the corrector lenses, thus eliminating the spider mount. This eliminates star image diffraction spikes, caused by the vanes of the spider mount.
# Zhang Daqing

Zhang Daqing (Chinese: 张大庆) (born October 23, 1969) is a Chinese amateur astronomer. He is from Henan province.
He co-discovered periodic comet 153P/Ikeya-Zhang. He is the first Chinese amateur astronomer who has a comet name after him. He is also a telescope maker. Periodic comet 153P/Ikeya-Zhang was discovered by his self-made telescope on February 1, 2002.
# Borok, Tarnogsky District, Vologda Oblast

Borok (Russian: Борок) is a rural locality (a village) in Spasskoye Rural Settlement, Tarnogsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 2 as of 2002.

## Geography

Borok is located 28 km northwest of Tarnogsky Gorodok (the district's administrative centre) by road. Akulovskaya is the nearest rural locality.
# Ayga

Ayga (Russian: Айга) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Ilezskoye Rural Settlement, Tarnogsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 304 as of 2002. There are five streets.

## Geography

Ayga is located 31 km northeast of Tarnogsky Gorodok (the district's administrative centre) by road. Yelifanovskaya Vystavka is the nearest locality. The settlement was previously named Tayga.
# Antropikha

Antropikha (Russian: Антропиха) is a rural locality (a village) in Zadneselskoye Rural Settlement, Ust-Kubinsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 14 as of 2002.

## Geography

Antropikha is located 37 km north of Ustye (the district's administrative centre) by road. Pochinok is the nearest rural locality.
# Anosovskaya

Anosovskaya (Russian: Аносовская) is a rural locality (a village) in Verkhovskoye Rural Settlement, Tarnogsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 9 as of 2002.

## Geography

Anosovskaya is located 41 km west of Tarnogsky Gorodok (the district's administrative centre) by road. Verkhovsky Pogost is the nearest rural locality.