OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Badea Cârțan

Badea Cârțan (roughly: Elder Brother Cârțan – the common nickname of Gheorghe Cârțan; 24 January 1849 – 7 August 1911) was a self-taught ethnic Romanian shepherd who fought for the independence of the Romanians of Transylvania (then under Hungarian rule inside Austria-Hungary), distributing Romanian-language books that he secretly brought from Romania to their villages. In all he smuggled some 200,000 books for pupils, priests, teachers and peasants; he used several routes to pass through the Făgăraş Mountains.
He was born in Cârțișoara, present-day Sibiu County, the second child of poor peasants (Nicolae and Ludovica) who were former serfs, and he spent his childhood tending sheep at the edge of his village. In between his later brushes with fame, he would always return to this activity. He became the head of his family on 2 October 1865 with the death of his father.
Cârţan first crossed the mountains into the Romanian Old Kingdom with his sheep and a friend at the age of 18, and it was at that time that his interest in Romanian national unity became powerful. In 1877 he enrolled as a volunteer in the Romanian War of Independence, serving until 1881. In 1895 he travelled to Vác and Szeged to visit imprisoned Romanians, including the signatories of the Transylvanian Memorandum. Badea Cârțan himself was arrested twice: once because he asked the Emperor-King Franz Joseph at Vienna for Transylvania's self-determination, and once because he asked the authorities for permission to sell Romanian books.
Cârțan made a journey on foot to Rome, and when he arrived at the city's edge after 45 days, said, "Bine te-am găsit, maica Roma" ("Pleased to meet you, mother Rome"). He wished to see Trajan's Column with his own eyes, as well as other evidences of the Latin origin of the Romanian people. After pouring Romanian soil and wheat at the column's base, he wrapped himself in a peasant's coat (cojoc) and fell asleep at the column's base. The next day he was awakened by a policeman who shouted in amazement, "A Dacian has fallen off the column!", as Cârţan was dressed just like the Dacians carved into the column; the event was reported in Roman newspapers and Duiliu Zamfirescu, Romanian representative in Italy, showed him around the city and introduced him to its important personalities. This January-February 1896 trip was but one of three visits to Rome; on his last, in October 1899, on the occasion of a meeting of the International Congress of Orientalists, he laid a wreath at the column's base.
Cârțan also visited France, Spain, Belgium, Switzerland, Germany, Egypt and Jerusalem.
He was buried in Sinaia, on soil belonging to independent Romania (Transylvania still being seven years away from its post-World War I union with Romania); on the stone cross atop his grave is inscribed the phrase: "Aici doarme Badea Cârțan visând întregirea neamului său" ("Here lies Badea Cârțan dreaming of the unity of his people").
# Fishing industry in the Caribbean

Although the West Indies has limited resources in terms of developing a large-scale fishing industry, the value of fish and sea products as a source of food has long been recognized. All Caribbean territories therefore have fishing industries.
Most Caribbean fishermen ply their trade from small boats (4–11 meters). These small craft, often without protection from sun or rain, are forced to remain very close to shore, seldom going more than 16 kilometers offshore.

## Methods

Several methods for catching fish are used:
* Fillet (gill) nets
* Trawling
* Line fishing
* Seining
* Fish pots and reels.
The method of fishing depends on the type and size of the fish to be caught. Trawling is used to catch shrimp, carite, snapper and cavali. The main catches from seine and gill nets are king fish, shark and carite. Fish pot catches are red snappers and jacks. Fishing is a year-round activity in the Caribbean and it directly employs thousands of people.

## Sales and marketing

A number of different methods of selling are used in the Caribbean. Most small-scale fishermen take some of the catch for their families and sell the rest at the beach. If there is a delay between catching the fish and eating it, then some form of processing has to take place. The three processing methods that are common in the Caribbean are:
* Salting: The fish is washed, gutted, salted, then dried in the sun, or in a special electrical drying unit. Among fish salted are salt are salmon, shark, grouper and carite.
* Smoking: The fish is washed, gutted. a little salt is added, then it is partly cooked over a smoking fire. Herrings and jacks are normally preserved by this method.
* Fresh fish: The fish is washed, and passed through a machine which coats it with a film of ice. It is then wrapped in foil.

## Challenges
### Overfishing

The fishing industry in the Caribbean is harmed by the persistent presence of illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing. These practices are often unsustainable to the region's aquaculture and result in lost economic benefit to the territories. For example, in February 2020, fishing in the Dominican Republic was a 93.4 million USD industry, but illegal activity by both local and foreign fishers from Honduras, Nicaragua, and South Korea have caused a deficit in fish; as a result, the country is forced to import fish that could otherwise by caught or farmed within its sovereign borders.
Aylin Ulman, a researcher at the University of British Columbia, has warned that territories such as Turks and Caicos Islands are drastically under-reporting their catches. Fishing has historically been the main industry in Turks and Caicos, involving up to 75% of locals in some areas. Tourism has contributed to greater demand for seafood, and this has placed increased pressure on marine life.
# 2002 in motoring

2002 in motoring deals with developments in the automotive industry that occurred throughout the year 2002 by various automobile manufacturers, grouped by country.

## United Kingdom

Ford ends 90 years of building cars in Britain when the Dagenham plant finishes Fiesta production in February, but it will remain open for the production of vans and the development of engines. The new fifth-generation Fiesta, will be built at the Valencia plant in Spain. The 5-door hatchback launched first with the 3-door launching in December. Its front-wheel drive chassis is used for an estate/MPV crossover called the Fusion. Another addition to the range will be a Peugeot-sourced 1.4 turbo-diesel engine. The Escort name was retired after 34 years when the last van models were produced and was replaced with the Transit Connect late in the year. The Puma coupe ends production after five years as the ST170 and RS versions of the Focus launch.
Vauxhall introduces a second-generation Vectra which continues to be built in Britain, moving production to Ellesmere Port.
Land Rover introduces new version of Range Rover at the start of the year while the smaller Discovery gets a facelift four years after the launch of the current generation with Range Rover styling cues.

## France

The new Renault Mégane earns the European Car of the Year award, and offers a 1.9 direct-injection diesel engine. The initial bodystyles are three- and five-door hatchbacks.
The new Renault Mégane achieves the full five-star Euro NCAP making it the first small family car in Europe to do so.
Renault has also re-entered the executive car sector with the Vel Satis, a five-door luxury hatchback.
Citroën Saxo production is winding down after six years following the launch of the new C3 - a five-door hatchback. Saxo production will continue for another year until the launch of the new C2.
The Eurovan venture between Peugeot, Citroën and Fiat has been renewed in an all-new format. Fiat retains the Ulysse nameplate, but the Citroën Synergie becomes the C8 and the Peugeot 806 becomes the 807. Left-hand drive markets will get the Lancia Phedra.

## Germany

The Volkswagen Polo has been relaunched in a new fourth generation format, sharing its underpinnings with the Škoda Fabia that was launched two years prior.
The BMW 7 Series is updated. A similarly styled update for the smaller 5 Series is due for the following year.
The latest Mercedes E Class is introduced, which resembles the smaller C Class and the larger S Class.

## Spain

The third generation SEAT Ibiza goes on sale at the same time as the new Volkswagen Polo upon which it is mechanically based. A Córdoba saloon version comes with a boot.

## Eastern Europe

The six-year-old Volkswagen Passat design has been tweaked to become the Czech-built Superb.

## Japan

Honda launched a new supermini, the Jazz.
Honda also launched a new version of Accord large family car.
The Nissan Micra has a new version with styling that blends modern and retro.
* This automobile-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Vostochny Railway Terminal

Vostochny railway terminal ("Eastern") (Russian: Восточный вокзал, Vostochnyi vokzal), previously known as Cherkizovsky railway terminal is the newest of the ten railway terminals of Moscow, Russia, opened on 29 May 2021. It is the farthest terminal from the city center, the smallest in terms of the number of platforms and tracks, and the only one from which suburban trains do not depart.

## Location

Vostochny terminal located within the boundaries of the Cherkizovo railway station of the Little Ring of the Moscow Railway, together with the Lokomotiv station of the MCC, Cherkizovskaya station of Metro Line 1 and public transport stops, it forms a single interchange hub Cherkizovo.
Vostochny is a transit station for most arriving trains. The station building is two-storied; passage to the main platform and to the Lokomotiv MCC station is located along the gallery from the second floor. The planned daily passenger traffic is about 2500 people. One-time stay on the platforms: about 200 passengers. The station building has two exits: one towards Amurskaya Street, the other towards Cherkizovskaya metro station and RZD Arena stadium. Transfer to Cherkizovskaya and Lokomotiv is represented by a ground crossing.

## Trains and destinations

On 29 May 2021, regular long-distance trains and express trains were launched, including those in transit through Moscow. Vostochny is the final stop for "Lastochka" trains on the route Moscow – Ivanovo, Moscow – Nizhny Novgorod and the high-speed train "Strizh" Nizhny Novgorod – Moscow.
# Bagalkot Assembly constituency

Bagalkot Assembly constituency is one of the 224 constituencies in the Karnataka Legislative Assembly, in India. It is also part of Bagalkot Lok Sabha constituency.

## Members of Legislative Assembly

| Year | Name | Party |
| 1951 | Basappa Muranal | Indian National Congress |
| 1957 | Basappa Muranal | Indian National Congress |
| 1962 | Basappa Muranal | Indian National Congress |
| 1962^ | S. Nijalingappa | Indian National Congress |
| 1967 | Basappa Muranal | Indian National Congress |
| 1972 | Basappa Muranal | Indian National Congress |
| 1978 | Parappa Kalligudda | Indian National Congress (I) |
| 1983 | Gulappa Mantur | Independent politician |
| 1985 | Gulappa Mantur | Janata Party |
| 1989 | Ajaykumar Sarnaik | Janata Dal |
| 1994 | Ajaykumar Sarnaik | Janata Dal |
| 1998^ | Pralhad Pujari | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 1999 | Pralhad Pujari | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2004 | Veeranna Charantimath | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2008 | Veeranna Charantimath | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2013 | H. Y. Meti | Indian National Congress |
| 2018 | Veeranna Charantimath | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2023 | H. Y. Meti | Indian National Congress |
^by-election

## Election results
### 2023

2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election: Bagalkot :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | INC | H. Y. Meti | 79,336 | 46.57 | +3.40 |
| | BJP | Veeranna Charantimath | 73,458 | 43.12 | −9.91 |
| | Independent | Charantimath Mallikarjun Chandrashekharayya | 10,116 | 5.94 | |
| | JD(S) | Devaraj H. Patil | 3,470 | 2.04 | |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 1,236 | 0.73 | −0.45 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 5,878 | 3.45 | −6.41 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 170,370 | 69.39 | −0.55 |
| | INC gain from BJP | INC gain from BJP | Swing | | |

### 2018

2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election: Bagalkot :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | BJP | Veeranna Charantimath | 85,653 | 53.03 |
| | INC | H. Y. Meti | 69,719 | 43.17 |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 1,902 | 1.18 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 15,934 | 9.86 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,61,511 | 69.94 |
| | BJP gain from INC | BJP gain from INC | Swing | |

### 2013

* Meti, Hullappa Yamanappa (INC): 68,216 votes
* Charantimath Veeranna Chandrashekharayya (BJP): 65,316 votes

### 1972

* Muranal Basappa Tammanna (INC): 29,638 votes
* N. P. Mallanagouda (NCO): 23,688 votes
# Jacob Behrens

Sir Jacob Behrens (20 November 1806 – 22 April 1889) was an Anglo–German textile merchant. His company, Sir Jacob Behrens & Son Ltd., was established in 1834 and still operates today. Behrens was Jewish and was a prominent member of the Anglo-Jewish Association.

## Biography
### Early life

Born in Bad Pyrmont, Germany, into a family of merchants, Sir Jacob Behrens settled in Leeds in 1834, establishing his business there. He then moved to Bradford in 1838, opening a factory in Thornton Road.

### The businessman

Behrens helped to establish the Bradford chamber of commerce. Behrens was knighted by Queen Victoria in 1882 for his work in strengthening trade relations between Britain and France.

### The educator

Behrens helped to reorganise Bradford Grammar School in 1871, and he helped establish the Great Horton Road Technical College in 1882.

### The philanthropist

Behrens was a prominent member of the Bradford Philosophical Society, and founded the Eye and Ear Hospital in Bradford.
# Nas'Naga

Nas'Naga (April 13, 1941 – July 7, 2012) is the pen-name of Roger W. Russell, an American writer, poet, and artist. He was the fourth writer whose work was featured in the Harper & Row Native American Publishing series.

## Early life and education

Roger Russell was born in Dayton, Ohio, to Bill and Kitty Russell. Jennifer McClinton-Temple and Alan Velie wrote in 2010 that he was a "Shawnee poet and artist". He was a member of the United Remnant Band of the Shawnee Nation, an unrecognized Shawnee cultural heritage group. He was educated in local public schools. He attended Texas Christian University, where he was mentored by Dr. Don Worcester and started writing. Russell served in the United States Navy from 1959 to 1963.

## Literary career

His young adult novel Indians' Summer (1975) appeared in the Harper & Row Native American Publishing series; Russell was the fourth author published. He used his Shawnee pen-name of Nas'Naga. It is described as shifting between farce and a recounting of issues related to Indian sovereignty. The novel depicts a revolution called in 1976 by the Sioux, Apache, Hopi, Navajo, Pueblo and Mohawk, just before the bicentennial of United States independence. They declare their own independence and the nation of Anishinabe-Waki (Land of the People), and the Sioux take control of nuclear weapons aimed at the White House. James Mackay in the Encyclopedia of American Indian Literature describes the novel as "one of the fullest literal explorations of Indian separatism, and one of the few books to envision a pan-Indian state." Mackay also notes that the novel reflects the political activism of the 1970s. Reviewer Norm Williamson says that, in the novel, Nas'Naga voices "the frustrations and dreams of the young Pan-Indian native person".
In 1979 Russell published two volumes of poetry, also as Nas'Naga.
Russell also worked as a community activist in Columbus. Proud of his family's heritage, he worked for American Indian causes through his writings, including articles and poems. He also drew illustrations on this theme and gave lectures about current Native Americans and their issues. He is survived by his wife Barbara.

## Legacy and honors

He was profiled in the Marquis Who's Who in America and in the World since 2002.
# Creole Renaissance

The Creole Renaissance is a movement which established Creole as legitimate literary language, started in large part by authors like Felix Morisseau-Leroy, who struggled successfully to make Haitian Creole the literary, educational, and official language of Haiti. This grew, in part, out of the Negritude and Haitian Indigenism movements and the Harlem Renaissance.
# Cafe (disambiguation)

A café or cafe is a small restaurant or coffeehouse.
More specifically, it can mean a small, cheap eatery or diner. This includes establishments also called:
   * Diner, or "coffee shop" (USA)
   * Cafe (British), or "transport cafe" (UK)
   * Greasy spoon.
A cafe is a privately owned convenience store in South Africa.
Cafe, café, or CAFE may also refer to:

## Acronym

CAFE may refer to:
* CAFE Foundation ("Comparative Aircraft Flight Efficiency"), a U.S. non-profit aviation development and flight test
* Canadian Association for Free Expression
* Canadian Association for Equality
* Clean Air for Europe [de]
* Corporate Average Fuel Economy, a U.S. standard for minimum fuel efficiency in vehicles

## Art, entertainment, and media
### Television

* The Cafe (2004 talk show), a 2004–2010 Irish talk show that aired on RTÉ Two
* The Café (2011 talk show), a 2011 Al Jazeera English talk show
* The Café (New Zealand TV program), a 2016 New Zealand morning television program that airs on Three
* The Café (British TV series), a 2011–2013 British television comedy series about a fictional cafe in the seaside town of Weston-super-Mare, United Kingdom that aired on Sky1
* "The Cafe" (Seinfeld), an episode of an American TV show

### Other art, entertainment, and media

* Café (2010 film), an American film
* Café (2014 film), a Mexican documentary
* Project Cafe, the unconfirmed codename of Nintendo's eighth generation console, Wii U
* Café: A Collection of Literary Sketches, a book by Japanese author Novala Takemoto
* Café (magazine), a men's fashion magazine in Sweden

## Other uses

* Cafe (plant genus), a former genus in the family Rubiaceae; a synonym for Coffea
* @Cafe, a former New York City based Internet café
* CAFE (media company), a media company
* Café (musician), a Brazilian percussionist, singer, and composer, real name Edson Aparecido da Silva
* Café, a brand of home appliances from GE Appliances
# 2022 Abierto Zapopan – Doubles

Kaitlyn Christian and Lidziya Marozava defeated Wang Xinyu and Zhu Lin in the final, 7–5, 6–3 to win the doubles tennis title at the 2022 Abierto Zapopan.
Ellen Perez and Astra Sharma were the reigning champions, but Sharma chose not to compete and Perez competed in Doha instead.

## Seeds

* Elixane Lechemia / Ingrid Neel (quarterfinals)
* Hailey Baptiste / Caty McNally (withdrew)
* Kaitlyn Christian / Lidziya Marozava (champions)
* Catherine Harrison / Sabrina Santamaria (first round)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | E Lechemia I Neel | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | E Silva K Zimmermann | 2 | 5 | | 1 | E Lechemia I Neel | 6 | 6$^6$ | [4] | | | | | | | | |
| | M Doi M Kato | 6 | 4 | [10] | | M Doi M Kato | 1 | 7$^8$ | [10] | | | | | | | | |
| | D Gálfi N Párrizas Díaz | 3 | 6 | [5] | | | | | | | M Doi M Kato | 2 | 3 | | | | |
| 3 | K Christian L Marozava | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | 3 | K Christian L Marozava | 6 | 6 | | | | |
| WC | L Bronzetti S Errani | 2 | 1 | | 3 | K Christian L Marozava | 4 | 7 | [10] | | | | | | | | |
| | N Hibino P Kania-Choduń | 2 | 7 | [10] | | N Hibino P Kania-Choduń | 6 | 5 | [8] | | | | | | | | |
| | C Osorio P Udvardy | 6 | 5 | [5] | | | | | | | | | | 3 | K Christian L Marozava | 7 | 6 |
| PR | X Han Y Sizikova | 7$^7$ | 4 | [8] | | | | | | | | | | Alt | Xin Wang L Zhu | 5 | 3 |
| | E Bektas T Moore | 6$^5$ | 6 | [10] | | E Bektas T Moore | 6 | 2 | [11] | | | | | | | | |
| | S Sorribes Tormo S Stephens | 6 | 6 | | | S Sorribes Tormo S Stephens | 4 | 6 | [9] | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | C Harrison S Santamaria | 2 | 3 | | | | | | | | E Bektas T Moore | 4 | 0 | | | | |
| | P Plipuech A Sutjiadi | 6 | 4 | [10] | | | | | | Alt | Xin Wang L Zhu | 6 | 6 | | | | |
| WC | L Pigossi R Zarazúa | 4 | 6 | [7] | | P Plipuech A Sutjiadi | 6$^3$ | 2 | | | | | | | | | |
| | K Bondarenko K Piter | 4 | 6 | [8] | Alt | Xin Wang L Zhu | 7$^7$ | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| Alt | Xin Wang L Zhu | 6 | 4 | [10] | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Linearistroma

Linearistroma is a genus of fungi in the family Clavicipitaceae.
Species in this genus include:
# Dan Studney

Dan Studney (born January 30, 1941) is an American former track and field athlete who competed in the javelin throw. His greatest achievement was a gold medal for the United States at the 1963 Pan American Games. His personal best of 76.30 m (250 ft 3+3⁄4 in) (old javelin model) was achieved in Santa Barbara, California on March 30, 1963 .
While competing, he was part of the Santa Clara Valley Youth Village club. He won the 1962 javelin title at the USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships with a mark of 75.13 m (246 ft 5+3⁄4 in). He attended San Jose State University and under the tutelage of coach Bert Bonanno he was part of the San Jose State Spartans collegiate team.
Studney originally hailed from Hillside, New Jersey and graduated from Hillside High School in 1959, where he competed in football and wrestling, in addition to track and field.
# Busbuhra

Busbuhra was a local ruler of Aramean origin, who shifted alliance between the Rashidun Caliphate and the Sasanian Empire, to remain on his throne.

## Biography

An Aramean dehqan native to the Sasanian province of Asoristan, Busbuhra was the son of a certain Saluba ibn Nistuna, who, as a Sasanian subject, held the title of "lord" and owned land near al-Hira, the former capital of the Lakhmids, who were vassals of the Sasanians, but had been removed from power in 602. During the beginning of the Arab invasion of Iran, Busbuhra (or his father) made peace with the Arabs by agreeing to pay them and aid them against the Sasanians. Busbuhra is later mentioned in construction a bridge which would allow the Arabs to move deeper into Sasanian territory.
However, the Arabs were eventually defeated at the battle of the Bridge. This made Busbuhra change his allegiance back to the Sasanians. He shortly confronted the Arabs at Burs, but was defeated and routed, while also wounded by a spear. He then fled to Bavel (Babylon) and regrouped with Sasanian troops and officers, who had survived another battle with the Arabs at al-Qadisiya. Busbuhra, however, died due to his wounds after the battle of Burs before he could confront the Arabs once more.
Busbuhra is known to have had two sons, Khalid and Jamil, who instead of serving their family overlords, the Sasanians, served the Arabs.
# Antushevo, Velikoustyugsky District, Vologda Oblast

Antushevo (Russian: Антушево) is a rural locality (a village) in Verkhnevarzhenskoye Rural Settlement, Velikoustyugsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 1 as of 2002.

## Geography

Antushevo is located 68 km southeast of Veliky Ustyug (the district's administrative centre) by road. Starina is the nearest rural locality.