OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Ferguson (chemist)

John Ferguson FRSE LLD (24 January 1837 – 2 November 1916) was a Scottish chemist and bibliographer. He is noted for the early alchemy and chemistry bibliography Bibliotheca chemica. He was generally nicknamed Soda Ferguson. The Ferguson Collection, a collection of 7,500 books and manuscripts from his personal library is held by the University of Glasgow.

## Life

Ferguson was born on 24 January 1838 in Alloa, Scotland, the son of Margaret Kidd and William Ferguson who married on 27 October 1834 at Alloa. Both is parents were born in Alloa. He had one sibling, a sister named Jane Anne Ferguson who was born on 2 March 1835 at Alloa. Both his parents died at 13 Newton Place, Glasgow. His father in December 1870 and his mother on 19 January 1884. His sister Jane died on 24 June 1891 at London, England. He moved at an early age to Glasgow and attended Glasgow High School.
He graduated from the University of Glasgow with a BA in 1861 and an MA in 1862. In 1874, he was appointed the Regius Professor of Chemistry at the University of Glasgow, in place of Prof Thomas Anderson.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1888. His proposers were Sir William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), James Thomson Bottomley, Peter Guthrie Tait and Alexander Crum Brown. The University of St Andrews awarded him an honorary doctorate (LLD).
Ferguson had an extensive library of books pertaining to alchemy, early chemistry, metallurgy, mineralogy, Paracelsus, the Romani language, the Rosicrucians, and witchcraft. In 1921 the University of Glasgow purchased about 11,000 of the books for the sum of £7,000.
He died of heart disease at his home, 6 Claremont Terrace in Glasgow, on 3 November 1916. He was aged 78.
He is buried in the family burial plot in Greenside Cemetery, Alloa alongside his parents and his sister Jane.

## Memberships

* Royal Philosophical Society of Glasgow - President (1892–1895)
* Glasgow Archaeological Society - President (1891–1894)
* Royal Society of Edinburgh - Fellow
* Society of Antiquaries of Scotland - Fellow
* Chemical Society - Fellow
* Royal Institute of Chemistry - Fellow
* British Archaeological Association
* French Archaeological Society
* Honorary Fellow of the Imperial Military Academy of Medicine in Petrograd
* Royal Company of Archers

## Family

He married Helen Baird in 1882.
# William Smith Gill

Colonel William Smith Gill CB VD DL (16 February 1865 – 25 December 1957) was a Scottish Volunteer Force officer and paint manufacturer.

## Early life

Born at Old Machar, Peterculter, Aberdeenshire, Gill was the son of Alexander Ogston Gill (1832–1908) and his wife, Barbara Smith Marr (1843–1898). His father was a first cousin of his namesake Alexander Ogston. His sister Sarah Ogston Gill was the wife of Francis Grant Ogilvie.

## Career

In the 1880s, Gill became an officer of the Aberdeen Volunteers, and between 1908 and 1910 he was Colonel Commanding the Highland Division Royal Engineers (Territorial Force). By 1896, Gill was a partner with his father in Farquhar & Gill, paint manufacturers.
In 1925, Gill was appointed as a Deputy lieutenant of Aberdeen.
Gill died in 1957 at Dalhebity in Bieldside, Aberdeenshire, aged 92. He was buried in Peterculter Cemetery, Aberdeen.

## Marriage and issue

On 30 June 1898, at Queen's Cross Church, Aberdeen, Gill married Ruth Littlejohn, a daughter of David Littlejohn (1841–1924) and his wife, Jane Crombie (1843–1917). They had five children:
* Alexander Ogston Gill (1900–1982)
* Jean Forbes Gill (1901–1987)
* Elizabeth Penelope Gill (1904–1995)
* Ruth Sylvia Gill (1908–1993), mother of Frances Shand Kydd and grandmother of Jane, Lady Fellowes, Lady Sarah McCorquodale, Diana, Princess of Wales, and Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer
* William David Littlejohn Gill (1915–1999)
# Alice Maud Shipley

Alice Maud Shipley (5 June 1869 – 16 December 1951) was a militant suffragette and member of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) who received a prison sentence during which she went on hunger strike and was force-fed, for which action she received the WSPU's Hunger Strike Medal.
Born in Higham Ferrers in Northamptonshire in 1869, the eldest of three children born to Martha née Smith (1845-1876), a dressmaker, and Alfred George Shepherd Shipley (1844-1914), the foreman in a shoe manufactory and a Wesleyan lay evangelist, in 1891 she was a dressmaker like her mother, while by 1901 she was living in Dryfesdale in Dumfriesshire in Scotland as lady's maid to a Mrs Margaret Pairman.
On 21 November 1911 Shipley was among the 223 protesters arrested at a WSPU demonstration at the House of Commons, to which she had travelled with other women from the Edinburgh branch of the WSPU including Elizabeth and Agnes Thomson, Jessie C. Methven, Edith Hudson and a Mrs N Grieve. The demonstrations followed the "torpedoing" of the Conciliation Bill. She appeared at Bow Street Magistrates' Court after which she was released without charge. She was again arrested in West London in March 1912 during a window-smashing campaign in the West End of London following which she appeared at the London Sessions on 19 March 1912 where she refused to be bound over and received a four-month prison sentence in Holloway Prison.
At her trial she stated:
"More than half my life I have been doing what lies in me to help the poor & unfortunate. As a member of a Vigilance Society, & as a worker in connection with other societies, I know the condition of our women & girls, & the dangers that lie about them & that they have no power to protect themselves; & that knowledge has made me take up the attitude I have today. I feel our case is a most urgent one, & I feel that only a woman can understand a woman’s needs, that women suffer for the want & care of men, & that their salvation lies in looking after their own needs & in demanding the vote".
In Holloway she went on hunger strike and was force-fed. In prison she was one of the suffragette co-signatories on The Suffragette Handkerchief, a symbol of defiance, organised by fellow prisoner who retained it until her death, Mary Ann Hilliard, On Shipley's release from prison at the end of June 1912, she received a Hunger Strike Medal 'for Valour' from the leaders of the WSPU.
Alice Maud Shipley died in Edinburgh in Scotland in 1951 and was buried in the family plot of the Pairman family in the churchyard of St Mary's church in Biggar, South Lanarkshire. Her inscription on the memorial reads: "Alice Maude Shipley faithful friend of the Pairman family for nearly 60y d. at Edinburgh 16.12.1951) Pairman".
# David H. N. Spence

David Hugh Neven Spence FSA Scot FRSE (2 May 1925 – 23 April 1985) was a 20th-century Scottish botanist. In authorship he is known as David H. N. Spence or D. H. N. Spence.

## Life

He was born on 2 May 1925 in Sleaford in Lincolnshire the son of Mary Joyce Mallorie Walton and her husband, Dr Thomas Reginald Cardwardine Spence MD. His family moved to Edinburgh and he was educated at Edinburgh Academy 1933 to 1935, then at Clifton Hall School 1935 to 1938 and finally at Glenalmond College in Perthshire 1938 to 1942.
In the Second World War he joined the Royal Artillery in the summer of 1942 and then was commissioned into the Royal Scots, serving in Germany in 1945. He was demobbed in 1946 and then studied botany at the University of Edinburgh graduating with a BSc in 1951. He began lecturing at the University of Glasgow in 1952 and gained his doctorate (PhD) there in 1956. In 1957 he began lecturing in botany at the University of St Andrews. From 1962 to 1966 he had a prolonged secondment in Makerere College in Uganda.
In 1968 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were James A. MacDonald, John Harrison Burnett, John Walton and Paul Weatherley. He was President of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh.
In 1977 he became Professor of Botany at the University of St Andrews.
He died in Dundee on 23 April 1985. He is buried in the St Andrews Western Cemetery on the Strathkinnes Road.

## Family

In 1952 he married Dorothy Jean Halliday.
# Patrick Munro

Patrick Munro (9 October 1883 – 3 May 1942), also known as Pat Munro, was a Scotland international rugby union player and later a British Conservative politician.

## Rugby union career
### Amateur career

He was educated at Leeds Grammar School and Christ Church, Oxford, where he held an Open History Scholarship and graduated with 2nd class Honours in History. He was also awarded a Half Blue for High Jump in 1906 and President of the Vincent's Club (the club for Oxford Blues) in 1906–1907.
He played for Oxford University RFC.
Munro was a Rugby Blue in 1903, 1904, 1905 (and Captain in 1905)..
He also played for London Scottish FC.

### Provincial career

He played for the Whites Trial side against the Blues Trial side on 21 January 1911, while still with London Scottish.

### International career

He was capped thirteen times for Scotland between 1905 and 1911, and was also a rugby international for Scotland in 1905, 1906, 1907 and 1911. Munro captained the team in 1907 and 1911.

### Administrative career

He was President of the Scottish Rugby Union for the period 1939 to 1942.

## Political career
### Sudan

He joined the Sudan Political Service in 1907, and was Governor of Darfur Province in 1923-1924 and Governor of Khartoum Province from 1925 to 1929.
He was mentioned in dispatches in 1919 and awarded the Order of the Nile (3rd class) in 1929. He was a Member of British Delegation to the Capitulations Conference in Montreux in 1937.

### Member of Parliament

He was Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Llandaff and Barry from 1931 until his death. He was Parliamentary Private Secretary to Capt. Euan Wallace when he was Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department in 1935 and then Secretary for Overseas Trade. Munro went on to be a Junior Government Whip in 1937, resigning in March 1942.
He joined the government payroll as a Junior Lord of the Treasury later that year and served until his death.

## Military service and death

Munro, a private in the Home Guard, died on 3 May 1942 whilst taking part in a military exercise at Westminster. The exercise was a simulation of a landing by airborne troops in central London in tandem with fifth-column activities as a test of Home Guard defences. As a member of the Palace of Westminster Home Guard, Munro was acting as a runner and was in the Liberal Whips' room with two company colleagues. It was there that he collapsed suddenly and died before he could be taken for aid.
He is buried Cathedine (St. Michael) Churchyard in Brecknockshire under the care of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission.

## Family

Munro was the fifth son of Patrick Munro and Mary Helen Catherine Dormond.
Munro was married in 1911 to Jessie Margaret Munro of Bwlch in Wales.
# Patrick Carlin

Patrick Carlin VC (1832 – 11 May 1895), of Belfast, County Antrim, was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

## VC action

When Carlin was approximately 26 years old, he was serving as a private in the 13th (1st Somersetshire) (Prince Albert's Light Infantry) Regiment of Foot of the British Army during the Indian Mutiny when on 6 April 1858 at Azumgurh, India, he did the deed for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross:
   For the Act of Bravery recorded in a General Order, issued by the Commander-in-Chief in India, of which the following is a copy:
   Head- Quarters, Allahabad, June 29, 1858. " GENERAL ORDER. " The Commander-in-Chief in India directs that the undermentioned Soldier, of the 13th Foot, be presented, in the name of Her Most Gracious Majesty, with a Medal of the Victoria Cross, for valour and daring in the field, viz.: Private Patrick Carlin, No. 3611, of the 13th Foot, for rescuing, on the 6th of April, 1858, a wounded Naick of the 4th Madras Rifles, in the field of battle, after killing, with the Naick's sword, a mutineer sepoy, who fired at him whilst bearing off his wounded comrade on his shoulders.
   (Signed) C. CAMPBELL, General, Commander-in-Chief, East Indies.

## Further information

He died in the Belfast Union Infirmary on 11 May 1895, and was buried in the Friar's Bush graveyard on Stranmillis Road, Belfast; he has no memorial. The Board of Guardians Minute Book records that he died of exhaustion at the age of 60 on 11 May 1895. Although he is believed to be buried in Friar's Bush graveyard, there is a view that his grave might be in one of the two sections of the old Donegall Road (Blackstaff Road) graveyard; now taken over by new housing and the Arellian Nursery ground.
His Victoria Cross is displayed at The Somerset Light Infantry Museum, Taunton, Somerset.
# Jack Williams (VC)

Company Sergeant Major John Henry Williams, VC, DCM, MM & Bar (29 September 1886 – 7 March 1953) was a Welsh colliery worker, soldier, and a recipient of the Victoria Cross (VC) the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. Williams is the most decorated Welsh non-commissioned officer of all time.

## Early life

Williams was born in Nantyglo, Monmouthshire, on 29 September 1886.

## First World War

In November 1914, Williams gave up his employment as a colliery blacksmith and enlisted in the 10th (Service) Battalion, South Wales Borderers (1st Gwent) (part of the 38th (Welsh) Division). He was promoted to sergeant in January 1915.
His citation for the Victoria Cross reads:
   For most conspicuous bravery, initiative and devotion to duty on the night of 7th – 8th October 1918, during the attack on Villers Outreaux, when, observing that his company was suffering heavy casualties from an enemy machine gun, he ordered a Lewis Gun to engage it, and went forward, under heavy fire, to the flank of the enemy post which he rushed single handed, capturing fifteen of the enemy.
   These prisoners, realising that Williams was alone, turned on him and one of them gripped his rifle. He succeeded in breaking away and bayonetting five enemy, whereupon the remainder again surrendered. By this gallant action and total disregard of personal danger, he was the means of enabling not only his own company but also those on the flanks to advance.
Company sergeant major Williams was medically discharged from the army on 17 October 1918 after being severely wounded by shrapnel in the right arm and leg.
In 1919, Williams was invested with his Victoria Cross, Distinguished Conduct Medal, Military Medal and Bar by King George V, the first time that the King had decorated the same man four times in one day. At the time of the investiture Williams had not recovered from his severe wounds, and during the presentation the wound in his arm opened up with the result that medical attention had to be given before he could leave the palace.

## Legacy

Williams' grave and memorial are at Ebbw Vale Cemetery. The original headstone was removed during cemetery clearance and a new headstone was erected on 21 October 1990.
In September 2018 the villagers of Villers-Outréaux dedicated an especially commissioned memorial to commemorate him and express their thanks for saving their village from certain destruction.

### Bridge of Honour

The 'Jack Williams Gateway Bridge' was unveiled on 21 January 2019, by his great, great-granddaughter. It is 160 ft. tall, and is part of the new A465 ('Heads of Valleys') road dualling project between Brynmawr and Gilwern, on the westerly-part of the Clydach Gorge. It weighs just over 738 tons.
Mr Williams' name was chosen for the bridge by 96% of those who participated in the public vote.

### War Medal

Williams' Victoria Cross is displayed at the Regimental Museum of The Royal Welsh, Brecon.
# Daniel Hannon

Daniel Joseph Hannon (12 June 1884 – 26 April 1946) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as the Bishop of Menevia from 1941 to 1946.
Born in Rotherham, Yorkshire on 12 June 1884, he was ordained to the priesthood on 22 September 1907. He was appointed the Bishop of the Diocese of Menevia by the Holy See on 15 March 1941. His consecration to the Episcopate took place on 1 May 1941, the principal consecrator was Archbishop William Godfrey of Liverpool (later Archbishop of Westminster), and the principal co-consecrators were Archbishop Michael McGrath of Cardiff and Bishop Thomas Flynn of Lancaster.
Bishop Hannon died in office at the Bishop's House in Wrexham on 26 April 1946, aged 61, and was buried in Wrexham Cemetery in Ruabon Road.
# William Sharp (homeopath)

William Sharp (1805–1896) was an English surgeon and physician. Sharp is credited with first advocating the establishment of local museums in Britain and for putting science on the curricula of British public schools. He was the first science teacher in a British public school and an early advocate of homoeopathy.

## Life and career

Sharp was born at Armley, which is now part of Leeds in Yorkshire, on 21 January 1805 to Richard and Mary (born Turton) Sharp. His father was a merchant who already had two sons and two daughters. The Sharp family was notable in Yorkshire, and its members included, John Sharp who had been an Archbishop of York, and Abraham Sharp a mathematician and astronomer.
William's education was initially undertaken by his uncle at Wakefield Grammar School until he joined Westminster School in 1817. He learnt to be a surgeon from another uncle (also William) who lived in William's home town, and then in Leeds with William Hey. He completed his training in surgery at Borough hospitals in London and became a qualified surgeon in 1827. After a brief period working in Paris, he rejoined his uncle and took over his business in 1833. He worked for the Bradford Infirmary and became its senior surgeon in 1837 although he was still interested in science in general. He re-established the Bradford Philosophical Society and in 1840 was elected a fellow of the Royal Society after reading a paper to the Birmingham meeting of the British Association. He had proposed that local museums should be established in each town across the country.
Sharp lived and worked in Hull for four years before ending up in Rugby so that his sons could attend Rugby School. He continued to advocate the importance of science, and the school added this subject to its curriculum. He was briefly employed by Rugby School as the first science teacher in a public school. Sharp resigned in 1850 to return to medicine and research.
Sharp became interested in homoeopathy, and over the next forty years he published over 60 papers dealing with this subject which he believed central to combining other more conventional approaches to medicine. His tracts on homeopathy went through several editions. Sharp's papers were not always well received. Unlike most homoeopaths he believed in antipraxy which proposes that some drugs may have totally different results at different doses.
Sharp died at Llandudno in 1896 and is buried at Llan-rhos on the Welsh coast.
# David Owen (harpist)

David Owen (January 1712 – August 1741) was a Welsh harpist, best remembered as the composer of the popular song, "Dafydd y Garreg Wen" ("David of the White Rock"), which according to tradition Owen composed as he was dying. Dafydd y Garreg Wen was later adapted and published by harpist Edward Jones.
David Owen was the son of Owen Humphreys of Ynyscynhaearn in Caernarfonshire (the surname "Owen" being a patronymic). His mother's maiden name was Gwen Roberts. He composed several well-known airs. He was buried in the churchyard of St Cynhaiarn's Church in his home village of Ynyscynhaearn.

## Musical works

* "Dafydd y Garreg Wen"
* "Codiad yr Ehedydd" ("The rising of the lark")
* "Difyrrwch gwŷr Criccieth" ("The delight of the men of Criccieth")
# Burying in Woollen Acts

The Burying in Woollen Acts 1666–80 were acts of the Parliament of England (citation 18 & 19 Cha. 2. c. 4 (1666), 30 Cha. 2. c. 3 (1678) and 32 Cha. 2. c. 1 (1680)) which required the dead, except plague victims and the destitute, to be buried in pure English woollen shrouds to the exclusion of any foreign textiles.

## Enforcement

It was a requirement that an affidavit be sworn in front of a justice of the peace (usually by a relative of the deceased), confirming burial in wool, with the punishment of a £5 fee for noncompliance. Burial entries in parish registers were marked with the word "affidavit" or its equivalent to confirm that affidavit had been sworn; it would be marked "naked" for those too poor to afford the woollen shroud.
The legislation was in force until the passing of the Burying in Woollen Act 1814 (54 Geo. 3. c. 108), but was generally ignored after 1770. The 1666 act had been annulled by the passing of the 1688 act; it was repealed by the Statute Law Revision Act 1863 (26 & 27 Vict. c. 125).

## Use in genealogy

Burial records so annotated can be a source of genealogical information, providing evidence of economic status and relationships that may be otherwise unavailable or ambiguous.
# Mike Lalor

John Michael Lalor (born March 8, 1963) is an American former professional ice hockey defenceman. Although a U.S. citizen by birth, Lalor spent his youth in Fort Erie, Ontario. Lalor played in the NHL with the Montreal Canadiens, St. Louis Blues, Washington Capitals, Winnipeg Jets, San Jose Sharks and Dallas Stars. He won the Calder Cup in 1985 with Sherbrooke, and a Stanley Cup with the 1986 Canadiens. He currently owns a gym called Teammates Fitness in Wellesley, Massachusetts. Lalor represented the U.S. Hockey Team at the 1996 Men's World Ice Hockey Championships.

## Career statistics
### Regular season and playoffs

| | | | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs |
| Season | Team | League | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1980–81 | Hamilton Mountain A's | OPJHL | 44 | 5 | 28 | 33 | 83 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1981–82 | Brantford Alexanders | OHL | 64 | 3 | 13 | 16 | 114 | 11 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 11 |
| 1982–83 | Brantford Alexanders | OHL | 65 | 10 | 30 | 40 | 113 | 8 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 20 |
| 1983–84 | Nova Scotia Voyageurs | AHL | 67 | 5 | 11 | 16 | 80 | 12 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 13 |
| 1984–85 | Sherbrooke Canadiens | AHL | 79 | 9 | 23 | 32 | 114 | 17 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 36 |
| 1985–86 | Montreal Canadiens | NHL | 62 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 56 | 17 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 29 |
| 1986–87 | Montreal Canadiens | NHL | 57 | 0 | 10 | 10 | 47 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 29 |
| 1987–88 | Montreal Canadiens | NHL | 66 | 1 | 10 | 11 | 113 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 |
| 1988–89 | Montreal Canadiens | NHL | 12 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 15 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1988–89 | St. Louis Blues | NHL | 36 | 1 | 14 | 15 | 54 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 14 |
| 1989–90 | St. Louis Blues | NHL | 78 | 0 | 16 | 16 | 81 | 12 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 31 |
| 1990–91 | Washington Capitals | NHL | 68 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 61 | 10 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 22 |
| 1991–92 | Washington Capitals | NHL | 64 | 5 | 7 | 12 | 64 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1991–92 | Winnipeg Jets | NHL | 15 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 14 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19 |
| 1992–93 | Winnipeg Jets | NHL | 64 | 1 | 8 | 9 | 76 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| 1993–94 | San Jose Sharks | NHL | 23 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 8 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1993–94 | Dallas Stars | NHL | 12 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| 1994–95 | Dallas Stars | NHL | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 1994–95 | Kalamazoo Wings | IHL | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 11 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1995–96 | Dallas Stars | NHL | 63 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 31 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1995–96 | San Francisco Spiders | IHL | 12 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1996–97 | Dallas Stars | NHL | 55 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 42 | — | — | — | — | — |
| NHL totals | NHL totals | NHL totals | 687 | 17 | 88 | 105 | 677 | 92 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 167 |

### International

| Year | Team | Event | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1996 | United States | WC | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |