OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bjarni Halldórsson

Bjarni Halldórsson (c. 1703 – 1773) was an Icelandic legal figure and theologian. He is best known for being a county magistrate. He first lived in Víðidalstungu but most of his life he lived in Þingeyrar.
# Alty Karliev

Alty Karliev (January 6, 1909 – December 11, 1973) was a Soviet and Turkmen stage and film actor, director and dramatist. He studied at the Turkmen Drama Studio and the Baku Theatre College (today the Azerbaijan State University of Culture and Arts), graduating from the latter in 1931. After this, he worked as an actor at the Ashkhabad Drama Theatre (today the Mollanepes Student Theater).
Karliev's first film appearance was as Kelkhan in the 1939 film Soviet Patriots [ru]. Other notable film roles included Nury in Dursun [uk] (1940) and Aldar Kose in The Magic Crystal (1945). His appearance in The Magic Crystal gained him a following across the Soviet Union.
Karliev did not have any formal training as a director, but learned from Russian and Ukrainian directors. His first directing credit was in 1957, when he worked with Yevgeni Ivanov-Barkov on the first color film produced by Turkmenfilm, Extraordinary Mission. His next film was Ayna [ru] (1960). This was followed by The Decisive Step [tk] (1965). His portrait was painted by Ivan Cherinko.

## Awards and honors

* Two Stalin Prizes, 2nd class (1941, 1949)
* Jubilee Medal "In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin"
* Medal "For Valiant Labour in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"
* Order of Lenin
* Order of the Red Banner of Labour
* People's Artist of the USSR (1955)
# Gemeiner

Gemeiner (pl. Gemeine, en: private or soldier) was until 1918 the common designation to soldier(s) in the Austro-Hungarian Army (k.u.k. Army) and German Army. In line to the particular branch of service it contained the rank file as follows:
* Dragoner (en: dragoon),
* Grenadier,
* Husar (hussar),
* Infanterist (infantryman)
* Jäger (rifleman),
* Füsilier (fusilier or fusileer),
* Kanonier (gunner, cannoneer),
* Musketier (musketeer), etc.
* Pionier (engineer)
* Sanitätssoldat (medicalman)
* Trainsoldat (trainman)
* Ulan (uhlan)
| Designation | Austria-Hungary | Austria-Hungary | Austria-Hungary |
| Rank insignia | | | |
| Rank description | Husar | Infantrist | Jäger |
| Branch | Cavalry | Infantry | Mountain infantry |
| (English) | (Hussar only) | (Infantryman) | (Rifleman) |

## Gallery, "k.u.k. Inf.Rgt. Hoch- und Deutschmeister Nr. 4" (l.t.r)

* Gemeiner and officer (1798-1809)
* Gemeiner and officer (1809-1835)
* Gemeiner and Grenadier (1836-1848)
* Gemeiner and officer (1860-1867)
# Japan National Route 240

National Route 240 is a national highway of Japan connecting Kushiro, Hokkaidō and Abashiri, Hokkaidō in Japan, with a total length of 149 km (92.58 mi).
# Kus

A Kus (Persian کوس kūs) is an ancient Persian musical instrument, a large kettledrum similar to timpani.

## Etymology

Kus is a Middle-Persian military term meaning "march". According to Von Mohl the term was Kūša, apparently borrowed from Aramaic, probably during the Arsacid dynasty (248 BCE-224 CE).

## Historical background

The instrument was a pair of drums, made of clay, wood or metal in the form of a hemispherical kettle, with skin stretched over the mouth. Kus was played with drumsticks of leather or wood (The leather drumstick was called Daval). Kus usually was carried on horseback, camelback or elephant during war to encourage the army. The instrument was also played on many occasions such as festivals and weddings.
In ancient times, kus was accompaniment by karnay (Persian trumpet or horn). Particularly the Persian epic poets Ferdowsi and Nizami in describing battles mentioned kus and karnay in a number of entries. Many Persian miniatures paintings show the presence and importance of the Kus and Karnay in the war fields.
According to the Greek historians, the drum was used by the Persians; Plutarch tells of Iranian warriors at the time of the Arsacid dynasty using kus as warlike instruments.
Apparently after the introduction of Islam, the word Naghghāreh was used for small kettledrums. It seems that the word Naghghareh comes from the Arabic verb Naghr- that means to strike and to beat. A few poets mentioned the name Naghghareh, such as the great Persian mystic poet Molana Jalal al-Din Rumi.
* Kus-e-Ashkebus: Kus attributed to Ashkebus, famous commander of King Afrasiyab mentioned in masterpiece Shahnameh of the famous poet of Persia, Ferdosi.
* Kus-e-dolat: Kettledrum to be played during the victories.
* Kus-e-id: Kettledrum to be played during id (festival).
* Kus-e-Iskandar: Kus attributed to Iskandar.
* Kus-e-jang: Kettledrum used in wars in order to embolden and encourage the soldiers.
* Kus-e-khaghani: Kettledrum for Khaghan (title of Mongol emperors).
* Kus-e-Mahmudi: Kettledrum attributed to King Mahmud Ghaznavi.
* Kus-e-rehlat: Kettledrum to be played during the decamping.
* Kus-e-ruyin: Kettledrum with brazen body.
* Kust: Another name of Kus mentioned in Shahnameh of Ferdosi.
# Japan National Route 250

National Route 250 is a national highway of Japan connecting Nagata-ku, Kobe and Okayama in Japan, with a total length of 146.3 km (90.91 mi).
# John Miller (minister)

John Dunlop Miller is a retired minister in the Church of Scotland. He was ordained and inducted to Castlemilk East Parish Church, Glasgow in 1971 - his only charge.
Known locally as - respectfully - Mr Miller, in 2004 the Reverend realised that many people in the local area were suffering with the loss of a loved-one due to accidents, violence and social problems; he therefore began The Lost Lives Project. http://www.localnewsglasgow.co.uk/tag/rev-john-miller/ Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine The Lost Lives Project is aimed at channeling this loss and bringing together people of the community who, previously, suffered behind closed doors.
He retired from his parish duties in July 2007, but in retirement went to work temporarily for the Church in Zimbabwe.
His unassuming dedication to serving the people of Castlemilk was recognised by the Church of Scotland in his election as Moderator of the General Assembly in 2001. Miller Primary School in Castlemilk was named after him and his wife, Mary Miller.
The General Assembly over which he moderated was uniquely held in the Usher Hall in Edinburgh. This was to allow the Scottish Parliament to meet in the Church's Assembly Hall.
# George Kuo

George Ching-Hung Kuo is a Taiwanese scientist who along with Michael Houghton, Qui-Lim Choo and Daniel W. Bradley, co-discovered and cloned the hepatitis C virus in 1989.
Following the discovery of Hepatitis C at Chiron Corporation, Kuo, who was working in a lab next door to Michael Houghton's, designed a test that could screen blood for the infection, and in 1988 Japanese Emperor Hirohito was the first person to receive blood that had been screened by Kuo's method. The United States would go on to license the testing technique in 1990. The development of diagnostic reagents to detect HCV in blood supplies has reduced the risk of acquiring HCV through blood transfusion from one in three to about one in two million.
He was awarded the Karl Landsteiner Memorial Award (1992) and Dale A. Smith Memorial Award (2005) of the American Association of Blood Banks, and the William Beaumont Prize of the American Gastroenterological Association in 1994.

## Education

Kuo graduated from the National Taiwan University in 1961 and completed his Ph.D. in molecular biology at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University in 1972.

## Personal life

His wife is Carol Lan-Fang Kuo, who also worked for the Chiron Corporation in Emeryville, California. Together they worked on developing vaccines and blood-testing procedures for hepatitis C. They have a daughter, Irene Carol, a graduate of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the University of California, San Francisco, an associate professor of ophthalmology at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore, and a specialist in cornea and refractive surgery at the Wilmer Eye Institute.
# St Nicholas Church, Newchurch

St Nicholas Church in Newchurch, Lancashire, England, is an active Anglican parish church in the diocese of Manchester, founded in the early 16th century.

## History

The first church was thought to be made of wood and erected in 1511, and it was rebuilt in stone in 1561 in the reign of Queen Elizabeth I.
This was replaced by the current building, dated 1825 over the west door, which is believed to have been constructed by the parishioners themselves without the benefit of an architect. The chancel was added in 1897 by R.B Preston. It is a Grade II* listed building.
Today the parish is styled: St Nicholas, Newchurch with St John and St Michael. St. Michael's was built in Lumb in 1848 and St. John's was built at Cloughfold in 1890.
# Gulla (river)

The Gulla river is a river in Ethiopia which rises in the Choke mountains. It is one of the major tributaries of the Abay or Blue Nile. The flow of Gulla river reaches its maximum volume in the rainy season (from June to September). The river joins Temcha river after it crosses the town of Dembecha.
* This article related to a river in Ethiopia is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Japan National Route 258

National Route 258 is a national highway of Japan connecting Ōgaki, Gifu and Kuwana, Mie on the island of Honshu, Japan, with a total length of 41.5 km (25.8 mi). The highway was completed on April 1, 1963. It is also known as the Mino Kaidō.
# Tara Welch

Tara Welch (née Silvestri) is an American professor of classics at the University of Kansas. She is the author of two books, The Elegiac Cityscape (2005) and Tarpeia (2015); she also served as a co-editor for Oxford Readings in Propertius (Oxford Readings in Classical Studies) (2012).
Welch received her bachelor's degree from University of Southern California in 1990, majoring in Latin and Greek. In 1989, she was chosen as a Rhodes Scholar. She earned a master's degree in 1993 from Oxford University and a Ph.D. from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1999.
While at USC, she was a member of Phi Beta Kappa and as well as the Mortar Board. Welch has been a member of the Society for Classical Studies, Classical Association of the Middle West and South, the International Plutarch Society, and the Women's Classical Caucus.
# Japan National Route 259

National Route 259 is a national highway of Japan connecting Toba, Mie and Toyohashi in Japan, with a total length of 47 km (29.2 mi).
# Japan National Route 267

National Route 267 is a national highway of Japan connecting Hitoyoshi, Kumamoto and Satsumasendai, Kagoshima in Japan, with a total length of 82.7 km (51.39 mi).
# Lathi (stick)

The lathi (in Hindi/Nepali: लाठी, Tamil: லத்தி, Bengali: লাঠি, Urdu: لاٹھی, Sinhalese: ලති) is a bamboo stick used by the police in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka. It has been used in mainland Indian subcontinent since the Mughal Empire, though its use against protesters during the British Raj and since is what the lathi is commonly associated with today.
The lathi can measure from 60 cm to more than a metre in length. One end can, at times, have a metal point. Lathis are the most commonly used crowd control weapon in India, Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka and are used to lathi-charge mobs and rioters.
# Confusion (New Order song)

"Confusion" is the sixth single by British group New Order, originally released in August 1983 on Factory Records with the catalogue number FAC 93. The follow-up to their breakthrough hit "Blue Monday", it was produced and co-written by influential New York DJ Arthur Baker, charting at No. 1 on the UK Indie Chart, No. 12 on the UK Singles Chart and the top 10 in Ireland and New Zealand, as well as reaching No. 5 on Billboard's Dance Club Songs.

## Content

The song was recorded in New York with producer Arthur Baker. Three remixes served as B-sides on the initial 12" release: "Confused Beats", "Confusion Instrumental" and "Confusion Rough Mix". The two tracks on side A ("Confusion" and "Confused Beats") are mixed together, which when played in sequence, act as a thirteen and half minute long remix by Arthur Baker. The "Rough Mix" on side B is the original song mixed by New Order.

## Music video

The video for the single features live footage of the band in concert, intercut with images of nightlife in New York City, specifically at the "Fun House", and producer Arthur Baker and DJ John "Jellybean" Benitez at work.

## Other versions

An edit of the Rough Mix represents the single on the 2005 compilation Singles. A re-recorded "Confusion" as well as the original "Confusion Instrumental" appear on the group's 1987 Substance release. The track reappeared on the 1995 remix collection The Rest of New Order as an acid techno remix by Pump Panel, which was used in 1998 as part of the soundtrack for the film Blade. Samples from The Pump Panel remix are featured on the tracks "Operation Blade (Bass in the Place)" by Public Domain, "Play It Louder" by Randy Katana and "Phatt Bass" by Warp Bros and Aquagen. The 2016 re-release of Singles includes the promo 7" edit of "Confusion".

## Critical reception

Considered a disappointing follow-up to "Blue Monday" upon its release, the song has retrospectively gained critical acclaim.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Arthur Baker, Gillian Gilbert, Peter Hook, Stephen Morris and Bernard Sumner; except where indicated
* Released in 2004.

## Chart positions

| Chart (1983) | Peak position |
| Australia ARIA Singles Chart | 72 |
| Irish Singles Chart | 7 |
| New Zealand RIANZ Singles Chart | 7 |
| UK Singles Chart | 12 |
| UK Indie Singles | 1 |
| US Billboard Dance/Disco Top 80 | 5 |
| US Billboard Hot Black Singles | 71 |
| Chart (2002) | Peak position |
| UK Singles Chart $^{[A]}$ | 64 |
| UK Dance $^{[A]}$ | 6 |
* [A] – Whacked Records re-release
# Japan National Route 286

National Route 286 is a national highway of Japan connecting Taihaku-ku, Sendai and Yamagata, Yamagata in Japan, with a total length of 61.9 km (38.46 mi).
# Jonathan Smith (rower)

Jonathan Scott Smith (born May 9, 1961) is an American rower who competed in the 1984, 1988 and 1992 Summer Olympics. He was born in Salem, Massachusetts, and attended Phillips Exeter Academy.
# Machová

Machová is a municipality and village in Zlín District in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants.
Machová lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) west of Zlín and 244 km (152 mi) east of Prague.
# Ana Paula Chantre Luna de Carvalho

Ana Paula Chantre Luna de Carvalho is an Angolan politician. She is the current Minister of Spatial Planning and Housing of Angola, as well as a member of parliament. She is the member of MPLA.
# Robert Crowley (bobsleigh)

Robert Crowley (born July 21, 1942) is an American bobsledder. He competed in the four-man event at the 1968 Winter Olympics.
# Krzemienne

Krzemienne is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Supraśl, within Białystok County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-east of Supraśl and 19 km (12 mi) north-east of the regional capital Białystok.
# Edward Cresswell

Edward Cresswell (born 1876) was an English-born South African trade unionist and political activist.
Born in South Shields in England, Cresswell began working for the North Eastern Railway in 1892. He joined a trade union, taking part in various cross-union conferences and a major railway strike in 1897.
In 1901, Cresswell emigrated to Cape Town, and became prominent in the Cape Labour Party. In 1912, he moved to Krugersdorp and joined the Shop Assistants', Warehousemen's and Clerks' Association, becoming its vice president the following year, and then president from 1918 until 1922. In 1914, he was elected as a Labour Party member of the Transvaal Provincial Council.
During World War I, Cresswell fought with the British Army in southern Africa. After the war, he became active in the Returned Soldiers' Movement, and declined an offer to become an Officer of the Order of the British Empire. In the 1920s, he served on the Advisory Council of Labour.
# Itō Ittōsai

Itō Ittōsai Kagehisa (伊藤 一刀斎 景久, c. 1560 – 1653), was a Japanese swordsman, originally named Itō Yagorō. He is attributed as the founder of the Ittō-ryū ("one sword" or "one stroke") school of sword fighting.
According to legend, he floated across the Sagami Bay on a piece of driftwood from Ōshima Island, a part of the Izu Islands. The trust of the local villagers was earned when Yagorō chased away a group of bandits that went around raiding and pillaging. As he desired to be a great swordsman, the villagers paid for Yagorō's travels in seeking out a master. On his journey, Yagorō reached Tsurugaoka Hachimangū Shinto shrine in Kamakura where he paid homage to the gods and practiced his swordsmanship. One particular day, an unknown assailant tried to attack Yagorō but he unconsciously and without thinking drew his sword and cut down his attacker in one swift stroke. Not understanding this technique, Yagorō later described it as Musōken (夢想剣), a fundamental aspect of his swordsmanship's philosophy. Musōken is either an offensive or defensive technique that is delivered spontaneously and without thinking, fully anticipating an opponent's movement; a type of extra-sensory perception similar to mushin.
In another predicament, Ittōsai developed Hosshato when engaging multiple enemies in his bedroom. He later changed his name to "Itō Ittōsai Kagehisa" (Ittōsai being a 'Bugō', martial name). It is said Ittōsai's style evolved from the Chūjō-ryū style of his master, Kanemaki Jisai. Among the many pupils that Ittōsai trained, one such was his successor, Ono Tadaaki who went on to serve the Tokugawa. The Ittō-ryū style is grounded for some in Zen influence due to Ono Tadaaki's contact with the famed Buddhist priest, Takuan Sōhō. This is a reasonable assumption since later Ittō-ryū swordsmen advocated directness and simplicity in their technique of the "one stroke."
In order to become famous, it is said Itō Ittōsai fought 33 duels in a Musha shugyō without losing even once, which makes him second only to Miyamoto Musashi's over 60 duels.
His main sword was a katana crafted by the Ichimonji school, heirs of the great Emperor Go-Toba's investment in swordmaking. This sword was the one Ittōsai used in his 33 duels, and was later passed on to Grand Masters of the Ittō-ryū, starting with the 4th one, Kamei Heiemon.
In one of Ittōsai's duels, he defeated Mikogami Tenzen, who later changed his name to Ono Tadaaki, despite Ittōsai being armed with a wooden bokken and Tenzen using a traditional steel katana. Ittōsai wielded his weapon so precisely that he didn't harm Tenzen at all. Tenzen went on to be Ittōsai's disciple and became the second head of Ittōsai's ryu.

## In popular culture

Ittōsai features in Takehiko Inoue's award-winning manga Vagabond, heavily featuring as a mentor-type character during the manga's 'Kojiro arc', but also appearing later to duel Miyamoto Musashi.
Ittōsai appears as a recruitable character in the game Inindo, produced by Koei for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. He will frequently be found challenging the player to a duel.
# Aleksei Bakharev

Aleksei Aleksandrovich Bakharev (Russian: Алексей Александрович Бахарев, Ukrainian: Олексій Олександрович Бахарєв; 12 October 1976 – 18 March 2022) was a Russian and Ukrainian professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

## International career

Bakharev played for two national teams: he played for Russia on 18 November 1998 in a friendly against Brazil and for Ukraine on 21 August 2002 in a friendly against Iran.
# Kulata railway station

Kulatа railway station (Bulgarian: гара Кулата) is a railway station in the border village of Kulata, Petrich municipality, Blagoevgrad region, Bulgaria. It is a railway border checkpoint (connecting to the Greek station Promachon, and from there to Komotini and Thessaloniki) located 1.5 km from the border with Greece.

## History

In 2015 a train to Kulata was delayed due to a bomb scare.

## Services

Although it is an extreme border station, the station is served daily by passenger trains to the cities of Sandanski, Dupnitsa, Petrich, Blagoevgrad and Sofia, including the international direction Sofia-Thessalonica-Sofia, which has been resumed since May 2014, after nearly 3 year suspension.

## Gallery

* Skoda built single cabbed loco in foreground, the 61004 is seen at the station, 21 April 2010.
* Greek diesel locomotive that brought train 360 Thessaloníki–Sofia from Strymonas returns to Greece after uncoupling, June 2016
# Japan National Route 287

National Route 287 is a national highway of Japan connecting Yonezawa, Yamagata and Higashine, Yamagata in Japan, with a total length of 82 km (50.95 mi).
# Alice Baxter

Alice Baxter (née Hibbert) is a former English news presenter, who currently works for Equinor. She previously presented The Briefing on BBC One, BBC World News and the BBC News Channel. She joined World Business Report in the summer of 2012 and presented its early morning edition, programming viewed mostly by audiences in European and international markets.

## Education

Baxter is a history and drama undergraduate, with a MPhil in modern history from Cambridge University and a diploma in broadcast journalism from Cardiff University.

## Early career

Before joining the BBC, Baxter worked as a presenter at Sky News and in Moscow as a senior international correspondent and presenter for RT where she anchored major news and business stories for over six years.

## Personal life

Baxter is married to Jamie, she went on maternity leave in the autumn 2016, returning March 2017. She went on maternity leave again in the summer 2018, returning September 2019, then a third time in the spring 2020, returning January 2021 and a fourth time in December 2022. Baxter is a keen skier and keeps fit. She has completed a number of half and full marathons.
# Poole and District Electric Tramways

The Poole and District Electric Tramways operated an electric tramway service in Poole between 1901 and 1905.

## History

The Poole and District Electric Traction Company was a subsidiary of British Electric Traction. A single line was built from Poole railway station through Upper Parkstone to County Gates. The fare for the journey was 3d.
The company operated a fleet of 17 tramcars from a depot at Ashley Road in Upper Parkstone.

## Closure

The system was bought by Poole Corporation in 1905 and leased for thirty years to Bournemouth Corporation Tramways from June 1905, and this line was subsumed into their system.
# Contract (1985 film)

Contract (Russian: Контракт) is a 1985 Soviet/Russian animation based on the short science fiction story Company Store (1958) by Robert Silverberg and directed by Vladimir Tarasov. The song I Can't Give You Anything but Love, Baby is used in the animation.

## Plot

A colonist arrives on a deserted planet and is immediately attacked by various monsters. Moments before the colonist meets his death, a protective field is activated by the trading robot QBF-41. It turns out that the monsters are merely a ploy used by the robot.
Using the mass transmitter (a device that creates "everything necessary for life" for free), the colonist orders shaving razors which arrives at a huge shipping cost. It turns out that luxuries do not fall under the umbrella of the necessities of life. However QBF-41 offers a sample tube of shaving cream free of charge. The colonist asks to pay for it and it turns out he has no right to use the services of a competing firm. The robot also receives a similar warning and is deactivated. The colonist is then deprived from food and the mass transmitter. The colonist uses batteries from his life supplies to reactivate the robot, and together they are left alone on the surface of a lifeless planet.