OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Juan Menéndez Granados

Juan Menéndez Granados (Pravia, Spain) is a Spanish adventure cyclist known for solo bicycle expeditions in remote locations around the world. As a youth, Juan had a passion for adventure. He has pedaled his way through the Amazon jungle, the Australian desert, the Siberian tundra, the Andes, the Canadian Arctic, and Antarctica. Later on, as well in Atacama Desert, Mongolia, Patagonia, United States and Australia again.
He was awarded the "Premio Viaje del Año: Baikal, sólo en el hielo" (Journey of the Year Award: Baikal, solo on the ice) in 2011 by the Spanish Geographic Society.
Juan completed a 46-day expedition reaching the South Pole using a fatbike and skis in January 2014. Juan pedaled about 775 miles (1,247 km) from Hercules Inlet to the South Pole. He became the world first to do it solo, unsupported and unassisted. He survived the last 4 days with no food, just drinking chocolate powder and sunflower oil.

## Expeditions

* 2019. Australia (Oceania). Perth-Darwin. 4,805 kilometers.
* 2018. Deserts in USA (North America). 3,747 kilometers.
* 2018. Patagonia (South America). 2,700 kilometers.
* 2017. Mongolia (Asia). 2,685 kilometers.
* 2016. Atacama Desert (South America). 1,839 kilometers.
* December 2013 - January 2014. Crossing Antarctica to the South Pole. 1,200 kilometers.
* 2013. Greenland (Europe). 600 kilometers.
* 2012. Greenland (Europe). 100 kilometers approximately.
* 2011. Tanzania-Kilimanjaro (Africa). 1,000 kilometers.
* 2010. Frozen Lake Baikal (Asia). 730 kilometers.
* 2009. Canadian Arctic (North America). 1,800 kilometers.
* November 2008 - February 2009. Australia (Oceania). Broome-Sydney. 5,001 kilometers.
* 2008. Scandinavia in winter (Europe). Helsinki-North Cape. 2,312 kilometers.
* 2006. Urals (Europe-Asia). 4,060 kilometers.
* 2005. Amazon Basin (South America). 6,485 kilometers.
* 2004. High Atlas in Morocco (Africa). 1,400 kilometers.
* 2004. Scotland (Europe). 1,100 kilometers.
* 2003. The Pyrenees (Europe). 1,300 kilometers.
# Teresa Nicolao

Teresa Nicolao (born February 8, 1928) is a Brazilian artist, designer and film maker.
She was born Maria Tereza Joaquim Nicolao in Rio de Janeiro. Nicalao studied graphic arts and design with Axel Leskoscheck at the Fundação Getúlio Vargas. In 1949, she went to Paris, where she studied with Fernand Léger, André Lhote, Maria Helena Vieira da Silva and Árpád Szenes. Later the following year, she moved to São Paulo, where she worked as a set designer for Multifilmes [pt]. In 1954, Nicolao returned to Rio de Janeiro, where she resumed painting, working in the studio of Candido Portinari. She began painting geometric works inspired by the favelas; her later work became more abstract. She also worked on set design for several films.
Nicolao participated in the 1957 São Paulo Art Biennial, the 1958 Bienal Interamericana de Pintura y Grabado in Mexico City, the 1960 Venice Biennale and the 1961 Biennale de Paris. She was included in an exhibition of works by Brazilian artists which was presented in several cities in Europe in 1960. in In 1961, she had a solo exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art, Rio de Janeiro.
# Terence Nonweiler

Terence Nonweiler (8 February 1925 - 17 December 1999) held a Chair of Aeronautical Engineering at Glasgow University and later became Dean of the Faculty of Engineering. He has been credited with being the pioneer of wave-riding technology.
In January 1957 Nonweiler, and six other enthusiasts (including Beverley Shenstone) met at the College of Aeronautics, Cranfield and formed the Man-Powered Aircraft Committee (later to become the Man-Powered Aircraft Group of the RAeS) with the purposes of reviewing relevant literature, assessing its prospects, and promoting its realisation.
He also developed a family of airfoils, the best-known of which is the GU25-5(11)8 which was the subject of a wind tunnel test by F.H. Kelling in 1968. This airfoil was used as the canard wing section on the Quickie aircraft.

## Personal life

Nonweiler was born on 8 February 1925 in London. He married Patricia Hilda Frances (née Neame) in 1949 and they had four sons and one daughter. He died on 17 December 1999, aged 74, at his home in Raumati Beach, New Zealand.
# Tephritis hyoscyami

Tephritis hyoscyami is a species of fly in the family Tephritidae, the gall flies. It is found in the Palearctic. The larvae feed on Carduus crispus, Carduus nutans, and Cirsium species.

## Distribution

United Kingdom & Scandinavia South to France, Romania & Caucasus, East Russia, China.
# Kronenthaler

The Kronenthaler was a silver coin first issued in 1755 in the Austrian Netherlands (see Austrian Netherlands Kronenthaler) and which became a popular trade coin in early 19th century Europe. Most examples show the bust of the Austrian ruler on the obverse and three or four crowns on the reverse, hence the name which means "crown thaler" (also Brabanter and crocione (Italian).

## History

The kronenthaler was initially issued with the same weight as the French écu at around 29.5 grams, but with a value of 54 sols (stuivers) or 2.7 gulden while the écu had a value of 56 sols (stuivers) or 2.8 gulden. French écus with 27 grams of fine silver can be theoretically melted and reissued into kronenthalers with 27x27⁄28 = 26 grams of fine silver, matching the silver content of the Reichsthaler of the Leipzig convention.
A deliberate minting of below-standard French écus, however, also resulted in a decreased silver content for the Kronenthaler. The French annexation of the Southern Netherlands in 1794 resulted in the conversion of Kronenthalers and 6-livre écus into new French francs at the rate of 1 franc = 1.0125 livre tournois = 0.16875 écu = 4.5 grams fine silver. This implies a fine silver equivalence of 262⁄3 grams per écu, 255⁄7 grams per kronenthaler, and 911⁄21 or 9.52 grams per gulden.
This reduced-value Belgian gulden doomed the introduction of the 9.61-gram Dutch Gulden as standard currency of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1815 as the conversion of 2.7-guilder Kronenthalers into 2.7 Dutch guilders was guaranteed. At about the same time from 1807-1837, several German states (e.g., Bavaria, Baden, Württemberg) engaged in a competitive depreciation of the South German gulden by choosing to mint 2.7-gulden Kronenthalers (with 9.52 grams of silver per gulden) rather than the 2.4-gulden Conventionsthaler (with 9.74 grams of silver per gulden). The kronenthaler was minted prolifically in the 19th century precisely because it yielded the issuer the maximum amount of guilders for a fixed quantity of coined silver.
The situation was resolved in the Netherlands by reducing the fine silver content of the Dutch gulden to 9.45 grams, and in the Southern German states by adopting a new parity of 1 gulden = 4⁄7 Prussian thaler = 1⁄24.5 Cologne mark =9.545 grams of silver as part of the German Customs Union and currency union of 1837. The kronenthaler was thus retired in favor of the new Dutch and South German guilders.
The kronenthaler was also the most favorable medium of exchange in Switzerland prior to the adoption of the Swiss franc in 1850. French écus accepted at 4 Swiss livres imply a kronenthaler valuation of 4x27⁄28 livres = 3.86 livres. Instead the écu de Brabant is accepted at a higher rate of 3.9 livres. The rate of conversion to the new Swiss currency was 55⁄7 Swiss francs per kronenthaler.
# Vyacheslav Tineyev

Vyacheslav Tineyev (1 May 1933 – 20 May 2013) was a Soviet sailor. He competed in the Tornado event at the 1976 Summer Olympics. Tineyev died on 20 May 2013, at the age of 80.
# Julie Tristan

Julie Tristan is an American radio & television personality from St. Louis, Missouri.

## Career

Tristan is the host of The Wake Up with Bret & Julie on Y98. She is also the afternoon on-air talent on 102.5 KEZK. She's also an MMJ Reporter, Anchor and Producer for HEC Media's "Spotlight STL" airing on KPLR 11 Sundays at 9:30am. She also makes time to run her production company 8 Dogs Video where she is a freelance videographer/editor/host www.8DogsVideo.com. Previously Tristan did middays 10am-2pm on Y98 and was the interim night DJ on Y98 from 7pm-Midnight. Tristan hosted "Billy & Julie in the Morning" on 103.3 KLOU. She was also the host of "Show Me St. Louis" at KSDK-TV, the NBC affiliate in St. Louis, Missouri. She is also a radio host on the weekends for WARH 106.5 The Arch. Tristan previously was a reporter & weekend anchor at KOMU-TV, the NBC affiliate in Columbia, Missouri. Tristan, a St. Louis native, also worked at Clear Channel Radio-Total Traffic as a traffic reporter and voice-over talent for Oldies 103.3 KLOU-FM, KMJM-FM Magic 104.9 & KATZ-AM Gospel 1600. She then was the executive producer and co-host for the nationally syndicated Steve and DC Morning Show. She has also been an on-air talent for WVRV-FM 101.1 The River (Bonneville Radio).

### Awards

Julie Tristan has won 3 Mid-America Emmy Awards -In 2022 Tristan was nominated for 3 Mid-America Emmy Awards, 2 in the "Magazine Program" category for "Spotlight STL" from HEC Media & 1 for "Societal Concerns-Short Form Content" for her MMJ story about the “Second Chance Ranch”.
-In 2021 Tristan won 1 Mid-America Emmy Awards in the "Magazine Program" category for being a producer/host/MMJ for "Spotlight STL" with HEC Media.
-In 2020 Tristan won 2 Mid-America Emmy Awards, 1 in the "Magazine Program" category for "Spotlight STL" and 1 in "Public/Current/Community Affairs" for her MMJ story about "The Onion House" with HEC Media
In 2012 Tristan was nominated for a Mid-America Emmy Awards in the “On-Camera Talent: Performer/Host” category.
-Audacy STL Star of the Quarter for excellence in creativity, community & communication
-”Best Social Integration” iHeartRadio Influencers Awards
-"Philanthropist Of The Year", Gateway Pet Guardians Animal Rescue
-“Spirit of Hope Award”, along with co-workers American Cancer Society
-$50,000 Grant winner, Petco
-iHeartMedia Leader in the Workplace
-KSDK-TV “Star of the Week”

## Education

Tristan grew up in Creve Coeur and attended Pattonville High School. After realized she "didn’t want to study to be a surgeon at SLU after I took biology and had to dissect a frog; she earned her Bachelor of Journalism degree from University of Missouri.
# Japan National Route 472

National Route 472 (国道472号, Kokudō Yonhyaku Nanajū Ni-gō) is a highway between Imizu, Toyama Prefecture and Gujo, Gifu Prefecture in Japan.

## Route description

* Length: 187.7 km (including closed sections)
* Origin: Imizu, Toyama Prefecture at the intersection with Route 415 at Shinkō-no-mori
* Terminus: Gujo, Gifu Prefecture at the intersection with Route 156 at Jōnan-chō
* Main cities en route: Toyama, Takayama
* Designated section: Part of National Route 41 system
# Japan National Route 493

National Route 493 is a national highway of Japan. The highway connects Kochi, Kochi and Tōyō, Kochi. It has a total length of 98.3 kilometers (61.1 mi).
# Kajuwadi

Kajuwadi is a small residential area located in Andheri, Mumbai. Kajuwadi has a police station which acts a centrally located station for residents in Chakala, JB Nagar, and the nearby areas. Kajuwadi is a area which is mostly slums but contains some buildings. Kajuwadi is really close to chakala which has the Chakala (JB Nagar) metro station
# Japan National Route 497

National Route 497 is a national highway of Japan connecting between Hakata-ku, Fukuoka and Takeo, Saga in Japan, with total length has 63.5 km (39.5 mi).
A major part of the road is known as the Nishikyūshū Expressway (西九州自動車道, Nishi Kyūshū Jidōshadō), a toll road connecting Fukuoka and Takeo, Saga managed by West Nippon Expressway Company.
# Suraj Patel

Suraj Patel is an American lawyer, professor, and politician. Patel is a member of the Democratic party, and was a candidate for the newly created 12th congressional district in Manhattan, New York City. The district covers the northern end of Central Park southward to Union Square.
Patel served in the 2008 Obama Presidential Campaign as an organizer, and later on the advance team for the White House from 2008 to 2016, working on Obama's 2012 reelection. Patel is an adjunct professor at NYU Stern, lecturing on business ethics.

## Electoral history

Patel first ran unsuccessfully against incumbent Representative Carolyn Maloney in 2018, and again in 2020.
Patel announced his candidacy for the 2022 US congressional elections on February 14, 2022. He was endorsed by environmental lawyer Steven Donziger in May 2022, by former Democratic presidential and New York mayoral candidate Andrew Yang in June 2022, and journalist Matthew Yglesias. Running against Maloney and Jerrold Nadler in the redrawn 12th congressional district, Patel finished in third place with 19 percent of the vote.
A 30-second campaign advertisement for Patel was required to remove at least one "sensitive" topic before it aired on the streaming service Hulu. The original advertisement had included footage of the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol, and references to climate change.

## Political positions

Patel describes himself as a "practical and progressive" Democrat. His platform for the 2022 US congressional election has included a technocratic focus on reducing housing and transit regulation, along with support for rezoning initiatives. A self-described "YIMBY", Patel supports the theory of market urbanism that encourages large-scale infrastructure and zoning reforms to address high housing costs. Patel has advocated for increased road safety standards and reforming street design.
Patel is a proponent of “The Abundant Society” plan, a supply-side progressivism policy targeted at reducing inflation through a combination of tariff reductions, suspending the Jones Act and Foreign Dredge Act, and expanding domestic manufacturing through passing federal spending bills like the COMPETES Act.
Patel has previously advocated for increased competition from challengers in congressional primary races. Patel supports congestion pricing.

## Personal life

Patel was born in Mississippi to parents of Gujarati Indian origin, and grew up in Indianapolis. He speaks English and Gujarati. In 2022, Patel became engaged to Emily Bina, a producer at The Atlantic.

## Selected works

* Delayed Justice: A Case Study of Texaco and the Republic of Ecuador's Operations, Harms, and Possible Redress in the Ecuadorian Amazon Tulane Environmental Law Journal, 2012
* The Pandemic Shows Why the U.S. Must Invest in Public Research Scientific American, 2020
# Margaret Becklake

Margaret Rigsby Becklake, CM GOQ (May 27, 1922 – October 17, 2018) was a Canadian academic and epidemiologist. Margaret focused her career on the study of environmental and occupational determinants of childhood and adult airway disease, specifically the lung health of asbestos miners and millers.
Born in London, England, Becklake grew up in Pretoria, South Africa, and received an MB and BCh degree in 1944 from the University of the Witwatersrand. She interned at the Johannesburg General Hospital and did postgraduate studies at the British Postgraduate Medical School. In 1950, she became a Junior Lecturer in Medicine at the University of the Witwatersrand where she studied the effects of dust inhalation on workers in the gold mines. In 1957, she emigrated to Montreal, Quebec, where she worked in the Department of Medicine at the Royal Victoria Hospital; she received an academic appointment in the Department of Epidemiology and Health at McGill University, where she retired as an emeritus professor.
In 2007, she was made a Member of the Order of Canada in recognition for having made "outstanding contributions to fighting lung disease through research and education for more than 60 years". In 2011, she was made a Grand Officer of the National Order of Quebec.
She died at home on October 17, 2018.
The Montreal Chest Institute Foundation started the Dr. Margaret Becklake Fellowship to honour her memory. The Fellowship pays a salary to trainees in respiratory research who come from a low- or middle-income country and/or Canadian indigenous community.
# Watal

The Watal are a community found in Jammu and Kashmir, India. The term 'Watal' also means cobbler in Kashmiri language. The community is known by many names such as Batal, Battal, and Batul, and have been granted Scheduled Caste status.
The Watal are a Kashmiri-speaking community, confined entirely to the Kashmir Valley. They are broadly divided into three sub-groups, the Seraj who are cobblers by profession, the Schupriya Watal who are manufacturers of the schup or winnowing fans and the Khumb Watal, who occupy the lowest status as they work as scavengers as well as tanners, occupations that are traditionally seen as polluting by other Kashmiri Muslim tribes.
The Shupir Watals, who claim to have been also known as Harmādānī Sheikh, are of uncertain origin. They are found mainly in the areas of Srinagar, Tangmarg, Baramulla and Sopore. They speak an Indo-Aryan language known as Sheikha gal or Watali.

## Present circumstances

According to 2001 Census of India, the Watal numbered 169, although their total numbers are probably underreported, as the name Watal carries a stigma. This is seen by the fact that their entrance to temples and shrines was restricted, although this is no longer practiced, there are still occasionally prevented from entering places of worship. They are strictly endogamous, and prefer marrying close relatives. In general, their customs are similar to other Kashmiri Muslims, and the Watal are Sunni.

## Watals in Hindu Community

Watal (or Wattal) is a surname in the Kashmiri Brahmin community as well. It is not clear whether this surname is associated with the profession of scavenging or not. Some people claim that the ancestor of these people was a saint called Wattalnath. However, there is no documented proof for that. Jawahar Wattal a music composer of our times, is one of the prominent Kashmiri Hindu Watals.
# William Malcolm Cutts

William Malcolm Cutts (December 16, 1857 – January 29, 1943) was a painter of landscapes and marine studies in oil and watercolour.

## Early life

Cutts was born at Allahabad, India, the child of an East India Company official. His father died in India during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and Cutts and his mother moved to England where he attended primary school. As a boy of 13 he had a serious interest in painting. In 1870 he came to Canada with his mother and stepfather and settled in Stratford, Ontario, where he first began to work as an artist. He worked for several years as a fireman on the Grand Trunk Railroad, then moved to Toronto in 1880. He visited England for a short period to study painting.

## Career

On his return to Canada he painted portraits for the next 25 years. He visited Ontario towns as a portrait painter. He exhibited portraits, landscapes and marine studies (the latter two he began to paint around 1905) at the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts annual shows from 1891 to 1929. With his second wife, Gertrude Spurr Cutts, he lived at St. Ives, Cornwall, England, for three years (1909-1912) and sketched in southern England and Wales. He also painted in Jamaica and eastern United States along the Atlantic seaboard. The Cutts shared a studio in Toronto until 1915 when they settled in Port Perry, Ontario. Like his wife, he died in Port Perry, Gertrude in 1941 and William two years later at the age of 86.

## Memberships and collections

He was a member of the Ontario Society of Artists (1890) (life-member 1935), and showed with it from 1891 to 1928, as well as an Associate member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts (1907). He is represented in the following public collections: National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa; the Ontario Government Collection, Toronto; the St. James Club, Montreal; and the Robert McLaughlin Gallery, Oshawa.
# Fokke & Sukke

Fokke & Sukke is a Dutch comic strip created by writer and illustrator Jean-Marc van Tol, and writers John Reid and Bastiaan Geleijnse. The strip is published in the daily newspaper NRC Handelsblad. It has also appeared in other publications.
Fokke & Sukke first appeared in December 1993, in the Dutch student magazine Propria Cures. The one-panel comic, usually featuring humor of a politically incorrect nature, became very popular in the Netherlands. The strip has since appeared in numerous Dutch language publications, as well as over a dozen compilations. In 2003, Fokke & Sukke were awarded the Stripschapprijs, the Netherlands’ premier cartoon award.
The comic strip stars are Fokke, a duck wearing a small sailor's cap, and Sukke, a canary bird wearing a backwards baseball cap. In the tradition of Donald Duck and Porky Pig, neither of them wear pants. Not in the tradition, however, their genitals are clearly (and consistently) shown - sometimes even when they are wearing pants.
In 2006, the strip began to appear in English speaking countries under the title "Duck and Birdie." While the creators have pointed out that "Fokke" and "Sukke" are ordinary West Frisian-language names, they decided to avoid unnecessary controversy and use a name that would not be so easily misunderstood.
As of 1 May 2009, Fokke & Sukke have also started a career in German, appearing daily on the German news website DNews as 'Fokke & Sokke'.
# Angereb River

13°9′5.76″N 37°50′16.8″E﻿ / ﻿13.1516000°N 37.838000°E﻿ / 13.1516000; 37.838000
The Angereb also known as the Bahr as-Salam is a river of Ethiopia and eastern Sudan, and one of the sources of the Nile. It rises near Daqwa, north of the city of Gondar in the Amhara Region, flowing west to join the Atbarah River. The historic district of Armachiho is located along its course.
The Angereb dam, commissioned in 1997, was intended to address the town's potable water supply problem for 25 years. The Angereb reservoir and two boreholes are the main sources of water for the town and have a combined average production capacity of 8,298 m$^3$/day.
# Taghavard

Taghavard (Armenian: Թաղավարդ) or Taghaverd (Azerbaijani: Tağaverd) is a village in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh. Until 2023 it was controlled by the breakaway Republic of Artsakh. The village had an ethnic Armenian-majority population until the exodus of the Armenian population of Nagorno-Karabakh following the 2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh.

## Toponymy

The name Taghavard derives from two Armenian words, Tagh, meaning quarter (of a city), and Vard, meaning rose.

## History

During the Soviet period, the village was a part of the Martuni District of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast.
Following the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, the eastern, lower part of the village, Nerkin Taghavard (Armenian: Ներքին Թաղավարդ, also called Taghavard Kaler, Թաղավարդ Կալեր), continued to be controlled by the breakaway Republic of Artsakh as part of its Martuni Province, and the western, upper part of the village, Verin Taghavard (Armenian: Վերին Թաղավարդ), came under the control of Azerbaijan as part of its Khojavend District.
In the context of the 2023 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes, Artsakh MP Metakse Hakobyan stated that civilians in the village had been captured by the Azerbaijani Armed Forces.

## Historical heritage sites

Historical heritage sites in and around Taghavard include the 12th/13th-century monastery of Barevatsari Vank (also known as Jukht/Jokht Pravatsari Vank), the 17th-century Berdahonj Church, and the church of Surb Astvatsatsin (Armenian: Սուրբ Աստվածածին, lit. 'Holy Mother of God') built in 1840.
In July 2021, satellite images released by Caucasus Heritage Watch, a watchdog group made up of researchers from Purdue and Cornell, revealed that Azerbaijani bulldozers had cleared the western half of the village, thereby endangering the St. Astvatsatsin Church. It called on Azerbaijani authorities to prevent damage or destruction.

## Economy and culture

The population is mainly engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry. As of 2015, the village had a municipal building, a house of culture, two schools, a kindergarten, three shops, and a medical centre.

## Demographics

The village had 1,315 inhabitants in 2005, and 1,301 inhabitants in 2015.
# Lytta navajo

Lytta navajo is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae. It is found in North America.