OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bradley Sparks

Bradley Sparks (born 21 August 1967) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Einara

Einara is a small genus of slickheads found in the deep waters of the oceans. They can grow to 22 cm (8.7 in) standard length
The etymology of the genus name is uncertain but could refer Norwegian marine biologist Einar Koefoed.

## Species

There are currently two recognized species in this genus:
* Einara edentula (Alcock, 1892) (toothless smooth-head)
* Einara macrolepis (Koefoed, 1927) (loosescale smooth-head)
# Guillermo Jara

Guillermo Jara (born October 20, 1973) is an American former soccer forward who played four seasons in Major League Soccer.

## Youth

Jara grew up in Sacramento, California, attending Christian Brothers High School where he was a 1991 Parade magazine high school all-American. Jara also played club soccer with the Tri-Valley Soccer Club. He then played four years of college soccer at the University of San Diego from 1992 to 1995. He was the Soccer America magazine Freshman of the Year when he finished second in the US in assists and tied for third in the points list. He holds the university records for both goals and assists with 51 and 48 respectively. In his senior year, he was the 1995 West Coast Conference Player of the Year and a third team all-American.
Jara is one of 22 college players to be part of the 40-40 club, having both 40 goals and 40 assists in their college career.

## U-23 national team

Jara earned five caps with the United States U-23 men's national soccer team in 1994 and 1995. However, he never played for the senior national team.

## Professional

In February 1996, the Los Angeles Galaxy selected Jara in the first round (7th overall) of the 1996 MLS College Draft. While he played in twenty-one games for the Galaxy in 1996, it was mostly as a late game substitute, amassing only 811 minutes. Consequently, the Galaxy loaned him to the Sacramento Scorpions of the USISL for several games. Jara plated even less in 1997, a total of only 353 minutes. In 1998, he played one game with the Galaxy before being traded to the Tampa Bay Mutiny. The Mutiny also used him sparingly, and in July sent him to the MLS Pro-40 team for four games. Jara began the 1999 season in Tampa Bay, but was traded to the Colorado Rapids on June 14, 1999, in exchange for Steve Trittschuh. Jara played only six minutes with the Rapids before the team released him on November 24, 1999. In 2000, Jara spent the season with the San Diego Flash of the USL A-League.
# Jordanita cognata

Jordanita cognata is a moth of the family Zygaenidae. It is found in northern Algeria and western Tunisia.
The length of the forewings is 14–17.5 mm for males and 10.5–11.5 mm for females. Adults are on wing from April to May.
# Hiram Straight

Hiram Aldrich Straight (March 7, 1814 – January 8, 1897) was an American farmer and legislator in what became the state of Oregon. A native of New York state, he would live in Iowa before traveling the Oregon Trail to what was then the Oregon Country. In Oregon, he would serve in the Provisional Legislature of Oregon and the Oregon Territorial Legislature.

## Early life

Hiram Straight was born on March 7, 1814, in Washington County, New York, to Lydia Fanning Straight and Elisha Straight. By 1838 he moved to Iowa Territory where he married Susan Lasswell (born in 1817) near the town of Burlington. The couple would have seven children together, including George, Julia, Cyrus Branson, Mary Etta, Jane, Hiram Jr., and John. In 1843, Straight and the family would take the Oregon Trail to what was then the Oregon Country, arriving at Oregon City, Oregon.

## Oregon

The Straight family settled on 600 acres (2.4 km$^2$) at the mouth of Abernethy Creek on the Clackamas River. There he farmed this land that would later become his donation land claim, and was a member of the Oregon Lyceum in Oregon City. In 1845 and 1846, Straight was elected to and served in the Provisional Legislature of Oregon representing the Clackamas District, now Clackamas County, Oregon. In 1846, the Oregon boundary dispute was settled and in 1848 the region south of the 49th degree became the Oregon Territory. In 1850, Straight served on the jury that convicted five members of the Cayuse tribe of murder and sentenced them to death for their role in the Whitman Massacre. He was the foreman of the jury in this trial that had followed the Cayuse War; see Cayuse Five
Straight was elected to the Oregon Territorial Legislature 1855 for the 1855 to 1856 session. He served for that single session as a member of the Democratic Party representing Clackamas County. Hiram Straight continued to farm until his death on January 8, 1897, at the age of 82 at Canemah, which is now within Oregon City. He was buried at the family’s private cemetery in Clackamas County along with his wife. The 19-plot cemetery is one of 800 historic cemeteries in Oregon. The family home, built in 1856, is still standing.
# Ken Henry (speed skater)

Kenneth "Ken" Charles Henry (January 7, 1929 – March 1, 2009) was a speed skater from the United States.

## Biography

Henry won the gold medal in the 500 m at the 1952 Winter Olympics held in Oslo, Norway, in front of 28,000 people at Bislett Stadium in a time of 43.2 seconds. Two weeks later, he won the same title in the annual World Meet at Hamar, Norway. His 1952 Olympic gold medal time was one tenth of one second short of the record time set in 1948 by Finn Helgesen of Norway.
Henry competed in three Olympics. In 1948, he came fifth in the 500 metre event at the Winter Olympics of St. Moritz, Switzerland. The 1956 Winter Olympics were the third for the American in the 500 m event in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy. In between, Henry finished fourth overall in both the 1949 and 1950 World Allround Championships.
Henry has always lived in the Chicago area. He began skating when he was nine years old near Edison Park in Chicago. He later starred at Taft High School.
He won the Chicago Tribune-sponsored Silver Skates titles in 1946 and 1947, as well as the Intermediate National and North American Outdoor Championships when he was seventeen years of age.
At Northern Illinois University, he majored in physical education, and played on the golf team. He graduated in 1955. Henry became the golf club professional at Glen Flora Country Club in Waukegan, Illinois in 1955, a position he held until 1994. Henry lived in Lake Bluff, Illinois for most of his adult life.
At the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley, California, Henry was chosen to light the final torch at the opening ceremony. These were the first televised Olympics, and the outdoor ceremony was produced by Walt Disney. In Lausanne, Switzerland, where the International Olympic Committee has its headquarters, there is an exhibit displaying all the torches from each of the Olympic opening ceremonies. Henry is listed as the final torch bearer, along with some background information on the travel of the 1960 torch itself.
Henry served as a coach on the American men's and women's Olympic speed skating team in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
In 2001, Henry was inducted into the Chicagoland Sports Hall of Fame.
# Shi Yan (farmer)

Shi Yan is a farmer and founder of the first Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) farm in China.

## Career

While studying at Beijing's Renmin University, Shi Yan was concerned about the widespread environmental damage being caused by chemical-reliant farming practices. In 2008, she traveled to the United States for six months as an intern at Minnesota's Earthrise Farm to see how Community Support Agriculture (CSA) is implemented in practice.
CSA's consist of a community of individuals who pledge to support a farm, essentially making the farmland community-owned. Growers and consumers provide mutual support and share the risks and benefits of food production. Members typically receive a weekly delivery and collection of boxes of fruit and vegetables, dairy products or meat. CSA's began in the early 1960s in Germany, Switzerland, and Japan in response to concerns about food safety and the urbanization of agricultural land. While food scarcity is no longer a prominent issue in China, many people worry about its safety. A nationwide scandal in 2008 involving toxic contamination of milk powder and tests that found traces of banned pesticides on supermarket vegetables has made many consumers more thoughtful about how their food is produced and where it comes from.
Upon her return to China, Shi Yan founded Little Donkey Farm in 2011, the first CSA in China. The farm had four hundred families who paid an annual membership and another 260 families who rented small plots of land for their own gardens. Shi Yan left Little Donkey Farm after a dispute over the structure of the CSA.
In 2012, Shi Yan founded another CSA, Shared Harvest farm. Shared Harvest is a completely organic farm and was one of the first in China to follow the CSA model. In 2017, Shared Harvest includes three farms plus connections with independent farmers and organic food suppliers. While Shared Harvest does not have organic certification, they do not use any chemical fertilizer and pesticides. As of 2017, 800 families in Beijing are members, and Shared Harvest uses social media to communicate with subscribers about drop-off sites in various Beijing neighborhoods.
# Iliaș Colceag

Iliaș Colceag (fl. before 1710 – 1743) was a Moldavian mercenary and military commander in the Ottoman and Russian Empire.

## Biography

According to some sources, Colceag was born in southern Bessarabia (Budjak), at a time when Moldavia was a vassal state to the Ottoman Empire. He entered the Ottoman army and was first posted in Bosnia. Here, he converted to Islam and took the name of Hussein. He distinguished himself during the Russo-Turkish War of 1710–1711, being promoted bölükbaşı. In 1717 Sultan Ahmed III awarded him the title of pasha and named him commander of Khotyn Fortress. Colceag kept this position for 22 years. In Turkish historiography he is also known as Kolchak-Pasha. In 1734 (according to other sources 1736) he was appointed vizier, but held this position only for a short time.
During the Russo-Turkish War of 1735–1739, Colceag was appointed commander in chief of the Ottoman armed forces of the Moldavian front. He did not see any major action, as the main battles were fought primarily on the Crimean Peninsula. However, in 1738, when the main hostilities moved to the Southern Bug, the command of the Ottoman army was taken over by Veli-Paşa while Colceag kept his position of commander of the Khotyn Fortress.
After defeating the Turks in the Battle of Stavuchany, Russian General Burkhard Christoph von Münnich besieged the Khotyn Fortress. Colceag had only 900 men to face the over 60,000 strong Russian army. General von Münnich offered Colceag honorable conditions of surrender following which, on 19 August 1739 the pasha capitulated.
Colceag and his son Mahmet-bey were taken to Saint Petersburg and stayed there as prisoners of war. They were freed by Empress Anna of Russia on 15 February 1740. After the peace treaty was signed, Colceag decided to return to Istanbul. On his way he was informed that Sultan Mahmud I had decided to decapitate him, considering the surrender of Khotyn an act of treason.
Colceag entered into service with the Kiev voivode, the Polish count Józef Potocki. He settled in Żytomierz, where he died in 1743.
His son entered into Russian service and converted to Orthodox Christianity. Under Empress Elizabeth of Russia the Kolchak family achieved aristocratic status and became landowners. Most of Colceag’s descendants followed military careers. The most famous of Colceag’s descendants is Admiral Alexander Kolchak.
# Guinn Smith

Owen Guinn Smith (May 2, 1920 – January 20, 2004) was an American athlete, the 1948 Olympic champion in the pole vault.
Born in McKinney, Texas, Smith moved to California when he was a child. He was originally a high jumper, but UC Berkeley, the university he wanted to attend, already had a strong high jumping team, so he took up pole vaulting. He won the NCAA championships in 1941, the year before he graduated as a history major. During the remainder of World War II, Guinn Smith served as an air force pilot in Asia.
Smith, the 1947 national pole vault champion, was sent to the 1948 Olympics in London. During a rainy competition, Smith took the gold in his last attempt for 4.30 m (14 ft 11⁄4 in).
He died at age 83 in San Francisco of emphysema.
# Elke Twesten

Elke Twesten (born 7 July 1963 in Scheeßel) is a German politician for the CDU in Lower Saxony who switched parties from the Alliance 90/The Greens in 2017.

## Career

Twesten previously worked in the Hamburg Customs Administration. She was elected to the Lower Saxon Landtag in 2008. Since 2013, she has been Secretary of the Landtag. She is also spokesperson for women in the parliament.
Twesten defected to the CDU from the Greens in August 2017, thus depriving the Lower Saxony Parliament's SDP/Green coalition of its one-seat majority and triggering an early election in October 2017.

## Personal life

Twesten is married and has three daughters.
# European route E404

E404 was supposed to be a European B class road in Belgium, connecting the cities Jabbeke and Zeebrugge. However, the road was not built according to the original plans. The number is nevertheless still given to a route between the two cities as a likely Easter egg referencing a HTTP response code 404 "Not Found", but it is not signposted on any existing roads between those cities nor found on maps.

## Route

* Belgium
** E40 Jabbeke
** E34, E403 Zeebrugge
# Alice Macdonald

Alice Macdonald (born 1 April 1983) is a British Labour and Co-operative Party politician serving as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Norwich North since 2024. She is the daughter of former West Norfolk Council Labour leader Irene Macdonald.

## Early life and education

Macdonald grew up in Marham and attended the Downham Market comprehensive high school, then commuted to a sixth form in Cambridge. She studied French and Italian at the University of Bristol in 2005, then went on to study a Master of the Arts in International Studies and Diplomacy at SOAS University of London, where she graduated in 2007.

## Pre-Parliamentary career
### Local politics

Macdonald served as a councillor in the Newington ward of Southwark from 7 May 2018 to 29 June 2023. On 25 July 2022 she was announced as the official Labour parliamentary candidate for Norwich North. She has also served as a senior adviser to Harriet Harman and Bob Ainsworth.

### Charity campaigning

Macdonald was Campaigns and Policy Director for London-based company Project Everyone between August 2016 and April 2023. Project Everyone was co-founded by Richard Curtis and is dedicated to "achieving sustainable development goals" via "campaign materials, [...] installations, [...] documentaries, [and] events". Macdonald also served as Campaign Director for Hungry for Action Campaign, who aim to spotlight the global food crisis, but resigned from this position upon becoming MP.

### Appointments

Macdonald was a Director of the Potter Fields Park Management Trust, a not-for-profit organisation that manages events and maintenance for a park and a churchyard in Southwark. The appointment lasted from 21 July 2021 until 28 November 2022, when she resigned from her position.

## Parliamentary career

In 2022, Macdonald announced she would be standing for the Labour parliamentary candidacy against Karen Davis, who stood in the 2019 general election against Conservative incumbent Chloe Smith. In response to a video by Macdonald supporting her own candidacy, Emma Corlett, the deputy leader of Norfolk County Council, remarked: "This video literally uses photos from Karen Davis' campaign on holiday hunger and has you walking past the Vote Labour boards she and I put up with our bare (splintered) hands."
Macdonald was elected to represent Norwich North at the 2024 general election. She received 20,794 votes, a 45.4% share of the vote and a majority of 10,850. There were six candidates and a turnout of 62%.
The result was a 18.2% swing to Labour from 2019. The unpopularity of the Conservatives in her area was the deciding factor in a result that also saw significant vote share increase for Reform and The Green Party.
# José Soeiro

José Borges de Araújo de Moura Soeiro (born 11 August 1984) is a Portuguese sociologist and politician, member of the Assembly of the Republic, first elected in 2005. He obtained his doctorate in Sociology from the University of Porto.

## Works

* CARDINA, Miguel e SOEIRO, José (2013), "Esquerda Radical", in João Cardoso Rosas e Ana Rita Ferreira (orgs.), Ideologias Políticas Contemporâneas – Mudanças e Permanências, Coimbra: Almedina.
* SOEIRO, José; CARDINA, Miguel; SERRA, Nuno (coord.) (2013), Não Acredite em Tudo o que Pensa. Mitos do Senso Comum na Era da Austeridade. Lisboa, Tinta-da-China.
# Rasmus Lund-Nielsen

Rasmus Lund-Nielsen (born 21 October 1988) is a Danish politician and Member of the Folketing for Greater Copenhagen from the Moderates. Alongside sixteen other members of The Moderates, Lund-Nielsen was elected to the Folketing in November 2022. He is his party's spokesperson on children, education, psychiatry and well-being.
# Matilde Powers

Matilde Hersland Powers (born 8 April 1982) is a Danish politician, who is a member of the Folketing for the Social Democrats. She was elected into the Folketing in the 2022 Danish general election.
# Crooked Creek Township, Boone County, Arkansas

Crooked Creek Township was a township in Boone County, Arkansas, United States. Named for Crooked Creek, its last appearance was on the United States Census of 1930.

## Demographics

| Census | Population |
| 1930 | 96 |
| 1920 | 167 |
| 1910 | 283 |
| 1900 | 524 |
| 1890 | 1,082 |
| 1880 | 1,116 |
| 1870 | 646 |
| 1860 (area part of Carroll County at the time) | 1,020 |
| 1850 (area part of Carroll County at the time) | 539 |
# Judith of Poland

Judith of Poland (Polish: Judyta Bolesławówna, Hungarian: Judit; b. c. 1130/35 – died 8 July 1171/75) was a member of the House of Piast and by marriage margravine of Brandenburg.

## Early years

Judith was the daughter of Duke Bolesław III Wrymouth of Poland by his second wife, Salomea of Berg. She was probably named after either her paternal grandmother, Judith of Bohemia, or her older half-sister, the princess of Murom. Judith was one of the youngest children of her parents; her date of birth remains unknown. According to Polish medieval chronicles, she was sent to Hungary as a bride of the son of King Béla II. According to the Annales Cracovienses Compilati, this event took place in 1136; since it can be assumed that the Polish princess was younger than her betrothed, and also are known the birth dates of the youngest children of Bolesław III (Agnes in 1137 and Casimir in 1138), Judith in consequence could have been born between 1130 and 1135.
The marriage never took place: by 1146, the engagement was broken with the consent of both parties and Judith returned to Poland. The reason for this may have been the wedding of Mieszko (Judith's brother) with the Hungarian princess Elisabeth (daughter of King Béla II), which sufficiently secured the Polish-Hungarian alliance.

## Margravine of Brandenburg

In Kruszwica on 6 January 1148 Judith married Otto, eldest son of Albert the Bear, the first Margrave of Brandenburg. This union was contracted in connection with the Ascanian efforts to support the Junior Dukes in opposition to King Conrad III of Germany, who supported the deposed High Duke Władysław II as legal ruler of Poland. During her marriage, she bore her husband two sons, Otto (who later succeeded his father as Margrave of Brandenburg) in 1149, and Henry (who inherited the Counties of Tangermünde and Gardelegen) in 1150.
Nothing is known about the political role that Judith had to play in Germany. After his father's death in 1170, Otto became the second Margrave of Brandenburg and Judith the Margravine consort.

## Death and aftermath

Like her birth date, Judith's date of death remains unknown. Only the day, 8 July, is known thanks to the Regesta Historia Brandenburgensis, which records the death in "VIII Id Jul" of "Juditha marchionissa gemma Polonorum". By contrast, the year of death can be determined only through indirect sources. In documents from 1170 Judith is named as a living person. It is assumed that Judith died between 1171 and 1175. She was buried in the Brandenburg Cathedral.
Judith's oldest son, Otto II, inherited the Margraviate of Brandenburg after the death of his father in 1184. He never married or had children; because his brother Henry died before him (in 1192) also without issue, after Otto II's death in 1205 Brandenburg was inherited by his younger half-brother Albert II, son of Otto I and Ada.
# Ülo Nugis

Ülo Nugis (28 April 1944 – 18 November 2011) was an Estonian politician and economist. As Speaker of the Supreme Council of Estonia on 20 August 1991, he presided over the Supreme Council's historic session when it voted for the restoration of Estonia's national independence from the Soviet Union.

## Early life

Ülo Nugis was born on 28 April 1944 in Tallinn. He studied at Tallinn Technical Secondary School for Building and Mechanics from 1958 to 1962, at Tallinn Polytechnic Institute from 1962 to 1965, and finally at Belarusian State Polytechnic Institute from 1965 to 1967 graduating in mechanical engineering.

## Career

Nugis worked as a teacher at Tallinn Technical Secondary School for Building and Mechanics from 1967 to 1968, and at various positions in the Pioneer and Tegur factories from 1968 to 1974. In 1974, Nugis became director of the building materials factory Ehitusdetail, and in 1980 director of a ski factory, Dünamo. In 1986, he became director of the Estoplast factory. Under his leadership, central Soviet Union control of Estoplast was transferred to local Estonian control in 1988. Together with other Estonian-minded industrial leaders, Nugis formed the Union of Work Collectives (Estonian: Eesti Töökollektiivide Liit) where he became the leader.
In 1990, Nugis was elected to the Estonian Supreme Council at the first mostly free elections, becoming Speaker. That same year, he left the Communist Party and founded the Republican Coalition Party. On 20 August 1991, he presided over the Supreme Council's historic session where it voted to restore Estonia's national independence, with the gavel strike by Nugis confirming the result. In October, Nugis became the first Estonian politician to publicly state that the country should try to join NATO as soon as possible, even as Soviet troops were still present in the Baltic nation.
In 1992 he became the speaker of the newly elected Riigikogu. Over the years he was in multiple different parties, including the Pro Patria National Coalition Party, People's Party of Republicans and Conservatives, and the Estonian Coalition Party. After splitting from the latter, he created the New Estonia party, which he led from 2001 to 2003 before merging it into the People's Union of Estonia. At the same year Nugis retired from politics.
Nugis was a member of the 20 August Club which is an organization that is composed of the former members of the Supreme Council who had voted for the restoration of Estonian independence.

## Personal life

Nugis and his wife, Vaike, had a son, Uno.

## Death

Nugis died on 18 November 2011. The funeral at Charles' Church in Tallinn was attended by Estonian presidents Toomas Hendrik Ilves and Arnold Rüütel, among others. The coffin was covered with the Estonian flag that had flown over Pikk Hermann on 20 August that year. Nugis was buried at Metsakalmistu cemetery.

## Awards

Nugis was awarded Order of the National Coat of Arms 4th class in 2001 and 2nd class in 2004, and memorial medal “10 years of restoration of the Defence Forces” in 2001.