OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Blackwater railway station

Blackwater railway station is a railway station in Blackwater, a town on the borders of Hampshire, Surrey and Berkshire in England. The station is managed by Great Western Railway, who provide services on the North Downs Line from Reading to Redhill and Gatwick Airport.
Blackwater station has two platforms: platform 1 for services towards Gatwick Airport and platform 2 for services towards Reading. The station is unstaffed and has emergency telephones on both platforms. Both platforms have small sheltered seating areas. It opened in 1849 and was called Blackwater & Camberley.

## Services

All services at Blackwater are operated by Great Western Railway using Class 165 and 166 DMUs.
The typical off-peak service is two trains per hour in each direction between Reading and Gatwick Airport via Guildford. During the late evenings, the service is reduced to hourly in each direction.
On Sundays, only one eastbound train per hour runs to Gatwick Airport, with one train per hour running only as far as Redhill.
| Preceding station | National Rail | National Rail | National Rail | Following station |
| Farnborough North | | Great Western RailwayNorth Downs Line | | Sandhurst |

## Connections

Stagecoach South route 3 serves the station providing connections to Yateley, Camberley and Aldershot.
# Naumovskoye, Chagodoshchensky District, Vologda Oblast

Naumovskoye (Russian: Наумовское) is a rural locality (a village) in Lukinskoye Rural Settlement, Chagodoshchensky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 9 as of 2002.

## Geography

Naumovskoye is located 47 km (29 mi) south of Chagoda (the district's administrative centre) by road. Belskoye is the nearest rural locality.
# Jerold Auerbach

Jerold Auerbach (born 1936) is an American historian and professor emeritus of history at Wellesley College. His work principally addresses the modern history of the legal profession, Native Americans, and Israel and the Jewish people.
Auerbach earned the B.A. at Oberlin College and the Ph.D. at Columbia University in 1965. He taught at Queens College and at Brandeis University before joining the Wellesley faculty in 1971.
Writing in the Harvard Law Review, Judge Charles Edward Wyzanski, Jr., described Auerbach's Unequal Justice (1976) as having, "a cogency built on careful scholarship not impaired by fanaticism." Not all reviews were as complimentary. Yale Law School professor Joseph W. Bishop, writing in Commentary, accused Auerbach of having "marred his argument by suggestion of the false, suppression of the true, distortion of his adversaries' arguments, and the frequent use of half-truth and sometimes simple untruth". A New York Times book review by Harvard law professor Alan Dershowitz was more favorable.

## Books

* Print to Fit: The New York Times, Zionism and Israel (1896-2016) (Academic Studies Press, 2019)
* Against the Grain: A Historian's Journey, (Quid Pro Books, 2012)
* Brothers at War: Israel and the Tragedy of the Altalena, (Quid Pro Books, 2011)
* Hebron Jews: Memory and Conflict in the Land of Israel, (Rowman & Littlefield, 2009)
* Explorers in Eden: Pueblo Indians and the Promised Land, (New Mexico, 2006)
* Are We One? Jewish Identity in the United States and Israel, (Rutgers, 2001)
* Jacob's Voices, (Southern Illinois, 1996)
* Rabbis and Lawyers, (Indiana, 1990)
* Justice Without Law? (Oxford, 1983)
* Unequal Justice: Lawyers and Social Change in Modern America. (Oxford, 1976)
* Labor and Liberty. (Bobbs-Merrill, 1969)
# Pomazikha

Pomazikha (Russian: Помазиха) is a rural locality (a village) in Zadneselskoye Rural Settlement, Ust-Kubinsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 4 as of 2002.

## Geography

Pomazikha is located 34 km north of Ustye (the district's administrative centre) by road. Gora is the nearest rural locality.
# List of number-one R&B/hip-hop songs of 2012 (U.S.)

These are the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart number-one singles of 2012.

## Chart history

| Issue date | Song | Artist(s) |
| January 7 | "Lotus Flower Bomb" | Wale featuring Miguel |
| January 14 | "Lotus Flower Bomb" | Wale featuring Miguel |
| January 21 | "Lotus Flower Bomb" | Wale featuring Miguel |
| January 28 | "Lotus Flower Bomb" | Wale featuring Miguel |
| February 4 | "Make Me Proud" | Drake featuring Nicki Minaj |
| February 11 | "Make Me Proud" | Drake featuring Nicki Minaj |
| February 18 | "Make Me Proud" | Drake featuring Nicki Minaj |
| February 25 | "The Motto" | Drake featuring Lil Wayne |
| March 3 | "The Motto" | Drake featuring Lil Wayne |
| March 10 | "Love on Top" | Beyoncé |
| March 17 | "Love on Top" | Beyoncé |
| March 24 | "Love on Top" | Beyoncé |
| March 31 | "Love on Top" | Beyoncé |
| April 7 | "Love on Top" | Beyoncé |
| April 14 | "Love on Top" | Beyoncé |
| April 21 | "Love on Top" | Beyoncé |
| April 28 | "Climax" | Usher |
| May 5 | "Climax" | Usher |
| May 12 | "Climax" | Usher |
| May 19 | "Climax" | Usher |
| May 26 | "Climax" | Usher |
| June 2 | "Climax" | Usher |
| June 9 | "Climax" | Usher |
| June 16 | "Climax" | Usher |
| June 23 | "Climax" | Usher |
| June 30 | "Climax" | Usher |
| July 7 | "Mercy" | Kanye West featuring Big Sean, Pusha T, & 2 Chainz |
| July 14 | "Climax" | Usher |
| July 21 | "Mercy" | Kanye West featuring Big Sean, Pusha T, & 2 Chainz |
| July 28 | "Mercy" | Kanye West featuring Big Sean, Pusha T, & 2 Chainz |
| August 4 | "Mercy" | Kanye West featuring Big Sean, Pusha T, & 2 Chainz |
| August 11 | "Mercy" | Kanye West featuring Big Sean, Pusha T, & 2 Chainz |
| August 18 | "No Lie" | 2 Chainz featuring Drake |
| August 25 | "No Lie" | 2 Chainz featuring Drake |
| September 1 | "No Lie" | 2 Chainz featuring Drake |
| September 8 | "No Lie" | 2 Chainz featuring Drake |
| September 15 | "No Lie" | 2 Chainz featuring Drake |
| September 22 | "Adorn" | Miguel |
| September 29 | "Adorn" | Miguel |
| October 6 | "Adorn" | Miguel |
| October 13 | "Adorn" | Miguel |
| October 20 | "Diamonds" | Rihanna |
| October 27 | "Diamonds" | Rihanna |
| November 3 | "Diamonds" | Rihanna |
| November 10 | "Diamonds" | Rihanna |
| November 17 | "Diamonds" | Rihanna |
| November 24 | "Diamonds" | Rihanna |
| December 1 | "Diamonds" | Rihanna |
| December 8 | "Diamonds" | Rihanna |
| December 15 | "Diamonds" | Rihanna |
| December 22 | "Diamonds" | Rihanna |
| December 29 | "Diamonds" | Rihanna |
# Mardas, Vologda Oblast

Mardas (Russian: Мардас) is a rural locality (a village) in Belokrestskoye Rural Settlement, Chagodoshchensky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 6 as of 2002.

## Geography

Mardas is located 21 km (13 mi) south of Chagoda (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kostyleva Gora is the nearest rural locality.
# Charles John Greville

Major-General Sir Charles John Greville KCB (5 April 1780 – 2 December 1836) was a British Army officer and politician.
The younger brother of the Earl of Warwick, Greville served in the British Army, becoming a major-general. He was also appointed colonel of the 98th (Prince of Wales's) Regiment of Foot.
At the 1812 UK general election, Greville was elected for the Tories in Warwick, serving until 1831. He stood again at the 1832 UK general election, winning the seat, but was unseated on petition. He was re-elected at the 1835 UK general election, this time for the new Conservative Party, but stood down in 1836 by accepting the Chiltern Hundreds. He died later in the year.
# Pogost, Vologda Oblast

Pogost (Russian: Погост) is a rural locality (a village) in Pogorelovskoye Rural Settlement, Totemsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 104 as of 2002. There are 3 streets.

## Geography

Pogost is located 56 km southwest of Totma (the district's administrative centre) by road. Pogorelovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Biswin Sadi

Biswin Sadi is an Urdu language literary magazine in India. Founded in 1937, Biswin Sadi is one of the oldest Urdu magazines in India. Many of the top Urdu writers like Amrita Pritam, Kashmiri Lal Zakir, Khushwant Singh, Krishan Chander and Sahir Ludhianwi published in it. The magazine was one of the most widely read Urdu magazines, selling around 40,000 copies per issue at one point. It features content ranging from political satire, cartoons, health news to short stories.

## Overview

Biswin Sadi was founded by Khushtar Girami in 1937 as a monthly magazine. Z Rahman Nayyar bought the magazine in 1977. The magazine was doing well even though other popular magazines like Shama and Ruby ceased publication long ago. After Rahman's demise, Biswin Sadi ceased publication for two years. It was revived by Rahman's wife Shama Afroz Zaidi as a biannual publication.
# Vécs

Vécs is a village in Heves County, Hungary, beside of the Tarnóca creek. As of 2022 census, it has a population of 608 (see Demographics). The village located 5,2 km far from the (Nr. 84) Kisterenye–Kál-Kápolna railway line and 11,7 km far from the main road 3 and 16,3 km far from the M3 motorway. Although the Feldebrő railway stop is the closest, but public transport on the railway line ceased on March 3, 2007 [hu]. The closest train station with public transport in Ludas 14,5 km far.

## History

Memories from the Neolithic and the Bronze Age confirm the early appearance of humans. The name of the village first appeared in the papal tithe list of 1332-37 in the form Weck, later documents mention it in the form Wech(e). It was the property of the Vécsi family, and in 1438 it was owned by László Vécsi, the viscount of the county. At the end of the 15th century, due to the infidelity of Gábor Vécsi, King Matthias I confiscated the village and donated it to Urban Nagylucsei the bishop of Eger. It was depopulated during the Ottoman rule. At the end of the 17th century, it belonged to the Kisnána estate, in 1715 it was a curial village, before 1848 it was a lordly village, and after 1871 it was a large village. The main source of livelihood for its inhabitants is wheat, corn, grapes, green fodder and lentils were cultivated. In the 20th century built the Saint Anna church. According to the documents of the National Wine Certification Institute between 1920 and 1960, Hungary's best Welschriesling grapes grown on the Sáfrányosi vineyard in Vécs, which had a temperature of 30-33 M°. István Csordás, an engineer born in Vécs, who was the builder and owner of the Vécs Castle, played a role in the development of the Vécsey grenade [hu] designed by Captain Zoltán Vécsey. Before 1950, the village belonged administratively to Gyöngyös, and since then it is an independent village.

## Demographics

According the 2022 census, 93.5% of the population were of Hungarian ethnicity, 14.7% were Gypsies, 0,7% were Romanians and 6.2% were did not wish to answer. The religious distribution was as follows: 37.6% Roman Catholic, 5.7% Calvinist, 0.8% Greek Catholic, 6.9% non-denominational, and 45.3% did not wish to answer. The Gypsies have a local nationality government. No population in farms.
Population by years:
| Year | 1870 | 1880 | 1890 | 1900 | 1910 | 1920 | 1930 | 1941 |
| Population | 1283 | 1429 | 1184 | 1230 | 1374 | 1564 | 1600 | 1576 |
| Year | 1949 | 1960 | 1970 | 1980 | 1990 | 2001 | 2011 | 2022 |
| Population | 1522 | 1502 | 1368 | 1170 | 883 | 737 | 649 | 608 |

## Politics

Mayors since 1990:
* 1990–1998: István Búzás (independent)
* 1998–2001: Endre Simon (independent)
* 2001–2002: Béla Galgóczy (independent)
* 2002–2006: István Buzás (independent)
* 2006–2019: Mrs. Attila Szlovencsák (independent)
* 2019–: István Gellén (independent)
# Tómas A. Tómasson

Tómas Andrés Tómasson (born 4 April 1949), commonly known as Tommi, is an Icelandic politician, restaurateur and one of the owners and founders of Tommi's Burger Joint restaurant chain. He previously ran a chain of hamburger places under the name Tommaborgarar, one of the first fast food chains in Iceland. In September 2021, Tómas was elected as a member Althing, representing the People's Party. He is the oldest first-time elected member in Alþingi's history.

## Early life

Tómas was born in Reykjavík, Iceland. In June 1979 he graduated from Florida International University with a degree in Restaurant Management.

## Catering

Tommi ran the restaurant Festi in Grindavík from 1974 to 1977. After completing his studies in the hotel and restaurant business in the United States, he founded Tommaborgar in 1981. After three years, Tómas sold Tommaborgar and focused on running Hard Rock Café and Hótel Borg. In 1996 he founded Kaffibrennslan which he ran until 2002.
On 14 March 2004, 23 years after the opening of Tommaborgarar, Tommi opened a new burger place called Tommi's Burger Joint.
# Malashkino

Malashkino (Russian: Малашкино) is a rural locality (a village) in Belokrestskoye Rural Settlement, Chagodoshchensky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 13 as of 2002.

## Geography

Malashkino is located 9 km (5.6 mi) southwest of Chagoda (the district's administrative centre) by road. Panik is the nearest rural locality.
# Kristian Asdahl

Kristian Asdahl (8 April 1920 – 21 January 2000) was a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party.
He was born in Nes.
He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Akershus in 1954, and was re-elected on two occasions.
He spent his professional career as a business leader and CEO in Årnes, Jørpeland and Oslo, and later settled in Bærum. He had no less than 77 positions in boards of companies and non-governmental organizations.
# Pogost Luka

Pogost Luka (Russian: Погост Лука) is a rural locality (a selo) in Vysokovskoye Rural Settlement, Ust-Kubinsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 41 as of 2002.

## Geography

Pogost Luka is located 21 km southeast of Ustye (the district's administrative centre) by road. Potepalovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Ella Vogelaar

Catharina Pieternella "Ella" Vogelaar (23 December 1949 – 7 October 2019) was a Dutch politician of the Labour Party (PvdA) and trade union leader.

## Political career

After graduating from the HBS in Zierikzee she attended the social academy in Driebergen between 1967 and 1972. During that period, Vogelaar was an active member of the Communist Party of the Netherlands (CPN). In 1972 she began to work as a youth worker. In the mid 1980s she began to work for the Education Trade Union and she began to study education studies at the University of Amsterdam specialising in education policy and law. In 1987 she graduated from the University of Amsterdam and in 1988 she became chair of the Trade Union for Education. During her tenure as chair, she prepared the merger between the social-democratic ABOP education trade union and the liberal NGLOA education trade union. In 1994 she became vice-chair of the Federation Dutch Labour Movement, as such she was member of the Social Economic Council and the Foundation of Labour. Between 1997 and 2000 she was project manager at the Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment. Since 2000 Vogelaar worked as an independent advisor and interim-manager, as such she has coordinated the projected Integration Task Force at the Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations. She advised governments, organisations and companies on employment policy, social security, education and integration. She was also part of the board of VNO-NCW, the largest Dutch employers' federation.
She was part of the advisory board and the board of directors of several companies, including the Amsterdam Municipal Transport Agency, the Harbour of Rotterdam and Unilever. She served on the board of the Nederlands-Vlaamse Accreditatie Organisatie, which inspects the quality of Dutch and Flemish universities and on the board of the Dutch Center for Foreigners. From 2004 through 2007, she was chair of Oxfam Novib, the largest Dutch international development organization.
On 13 November 2008 she resigned as Minister of Integration and Housing after the party leadership removed their confidence for her position after increasing criticism of her media performance. An example of this was her performance in a video by the blog GeenStijl in which their reporter Rutger Castricum asked her critical questions about reports that she had hired a spin doctor.

## Death

On 7 October 2019, Vogelaar died at the age of 69. She committed suicide after struggling with depression.

## Decorations

Honours :
| Ribbon bar | Honour | Country | Date | Comment |
| | Officer of the Order of Orange-Nassau | Netherlands | 3 December 2010 | |
# Chained dollars

Chained dollars is a method of adjusting real dollar amounts for inflation over time, to allow the comparison of figures from different years. The U.S. Department of Commerce introduced the chained-dollar measure in 1996. It generally reflects dollar figures computed with 2012 as the base year.

## Description

Chained dollars, also known as "chained consumer price index" or "chained CPI," is a measure of inflation that takes into account changes in consumer behavior in response to changes in prices. It is used to adjust certain economic variables, such as tax brackets and Social Security payments, for inflation. The traditional measure of inflation, known as the "headline CPI," assumes that consumers continue to buy the same basket of goods and services over time, even as prices change. However, in reality, consumers may adjust their spending habits in response to changes in prices. For example, if the price of beef increases, consumers may switch to purchasing chicken instead. The chained CPI accounts for these changes in consumer behavior by calculating the cost of a "chained" basket of goods and services that reflects how consumers adjust their spending in response to price changes. As a result, the chained CPI tends to grow more slowly than the headline CPI, as it takes into account the fact that consumers are shifting their spending to lower-priced items in response to price changes. The use of the chained CPI to adjust economic variables has been controversial, as it can result in slower growth in these variables over time, which may have negative impacts on certain groups of people, such as low-income individuals or seniors.

## Terms

* Constant Dollars: weighted by a constant/unchanging basket/list of goods and services.
* Chained Dollars: weighted by a basket/list that changes yearly to more accurately reflect actual spending. The basket is an average of the basket for successive pairs of years; example of paired years are 2010–2011, 2011–2012, etc.
The technique is so named because the second number in a pair of successive years becomes the first in the next pair. The result is a continuous "chain" of weights and averages. The advantage of using the chained-dollar measure is that it is more closely related to any given period covered and is subject to less distortion over time.
# High Stakes (2021)

High Stakes 2021 was a professional wrestling event produced by Revolution Pro Wrestling that took place on September 19, 2021, in Bethnal Green, London, England.

## Storylines

The event featured eleven professional wrestling matches that involve different wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds and storylines. Wrestlers portray heroes, villains, or less distinguishable characters in scripted events that build tension and culminate in a wrestling match or series of matches. Storylines are produced on RevPro's weekly tour-based shows.

## Results

| No. | Results | Stipulations | Times |
| 1 | The Young Guns (Ethan Allen & Luke Jacobs) defeated Sunshine Machine (Chuck Mambo & TK Cooper) and Two Extremely Athletic Men (Kenneth Halfpenny & Shaun Jackson) and Brendan White & Doug Williams | Fatal Four Way Tag Team Match | 11:40 |
| 2 | Shota Umino defeated Drilla Moloney | Singles match | 14:17 |
| 3 | Michael Oku (c) defeated Robbie X and Chris Ridgeway | Three-way match for the Undisputed British Cruiserweight Championship | 12:37 |
| 4 | Yota Tsuji defeated Mark Haskins | Singles match | 21:45 |
| 5 | Gisele Shaw (c) defeated Hyan | Best Two Out Of Three Falls Singles match for the Undisputed British Women's Championship | 19:02 |
| 6 | Aussie Open (Kyle Fletcher and Mark Davis) defeated Destination Everywhere (Michael Oku and Connor Mills) (c) | Tag team match for the Undisputed British Tag Team Championship | 27:38 |
| 7 | Will Ospreay (c) defeated Ricky Knight Jr. | Singles match for the Undisputed British Heavyweight Championship | 32:30 |
| (c) – the champion(s) heading into the match ||||
# Witthoh

Witthoh is a mountain of Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
* This Baden-Württemberg location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
47°56′10″N 8°49′36″E﻿ / ﻿47.93611°N 8.82667°E﻿ / 47.93611; 8.82667
# Admirals Beach

Admirals Beach is a rural community located in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.
Previously spelled Admiral's Beach, it is a fishing port located on the island of Newfoundland; specifically it is along a point of land in the southern Avalon Peninsula near Great Colinet Island fronting St. Mary's Bay.
The community was incorporated in January 1968.

## Geography

Good fishing grounds and a sheltered cove attracted the first settlers to the area. The town is part of Division 1 and is bounded by St. Mary's Bay and the unorganized area Subdivision W. Nearby communities include St. Joseph's, Riverhead and St. Mary's.

## History

Admirals Beach was first settled in the early nineteenth century by a French admiral. In 1864 there were three families living there. By 1911 it had a Post Office and a population of 39. The community grew over the years until a large population came from Great Colinet Island during the resettlement programme of 1956. Its population in the 2016 Census was 135.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Admirals Beach had a population of 97 living in 48 of its 76 total private dwellings, a change of -28.1% from its 2016 population of 135. With a land area of 24.2 km$^2$ (9.3 sq mi), it had a population density of 4.0/km$^2$ (10.4/sq mi) in 2021.

## Economy

Although the majority of its residents were fishermen, Admirals Beach also had two ship building yards where fishing boats and longliners were built with supplies from local sawmills.
# Lukinskoye, Chagodoshchensky District, Vologda Oblast

Lukinskoye (Russian: Лукинское) is a rural locality (village) in Lukinskoye Rural Settlement, Chagodoshchensky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 41 as of 2002.

## Geography

Lukinskoye is located 43 km (27 mi) south of Chagoda (the district's administrative centre) by road. Krasnaya Gorka is the nearest rural locality.
# Karen Grønn-Hagen

Karen Grønn-Hagen (27 November 1903 – 19 December 1982) was a Norwegian politician for the Centre Party.
She was born in Tynset.
She was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Hedmark in 1961. From August to September 1963 she served as the Minister of Family and Consumer Affairs during the short-lived centre-right cabinet Lyng. During her stint as cabinet member her place in the Parliament was taken by Karstein Seland. Grønn-Hagen had previously served in the position of deputy representative during the term 1954–1957, but a year into this term she replaced the deceased Einar Frogner as a regular representative.
Grønn-Hagen was a member of Tynset municipality council from 1951 to 1959, and became deputy mayor in 1959–1960.
# Podlipnoye

Podlipnoye (Russian: Подлипное) is a rural locality (a village) in Velikodvorskoye Rural Settlement, Totemsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 38 as of 2002.

## Geography

Podlipnoye is located 49 km south of Totma (the district's administrative centre) by road. Veliky Dvor is the nearest rural locality.