OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mycobacterium lepromatosis

Mycobacterium lepromatosis is an aerobic, acid-fast bacillus (AFB), and the second known causative agent of Hansen's disease (leprosy). It was discovered in 2008. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene confirms that the species is distinct from Mycobacterium leprae.

## Characteristics

Members of the Mycobacterium genus are characterized by being Gram-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, and possess a bacilliary cell shape. Bacteria in the Mycobacterium genus are characteristically known for possessing an outer membrane, a capsule, as well as a uniquely thick, waxy, hydrophobic cell wall abundant in mycolic acids. Many species of Mycobacterium are opportunistic pathogenic bacteria and can cause serious disease.
The 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), a genetic marker of bacterial evolution is used in establishing phylogenetic relationships due to its highly conserved nature. 16S rRNA sequencing of M. lepromatosis displays a 2.1% genomic discrepancy from other Mycobacterium. The rpoB and hspa5 gene sequences were also analyzed, displaying speciation from its two most related ancestors of Mycobacterium, M. leprae and M. tuberculosis. M. lepromatosis exemplifies a 9.1% deviance from M. leprae in nucleotide structure, evidence of a novel bacterium. A phylogenetic analysis of 20 genes and pseudogenes, isolated to 5 conserved protein genes, was used to construct phylogenetic trees displaying long terminal branches from the nodes, suggesting speciation occurred long ago.

## Disease

Mycobacterium lepromatosis can induce diffuse lepromatous leprosy (DLL), typically known to occur in Mexico and the Caribbean. DLL is a severe form of leprosy which manifests through nerve invasion and extensive skin ulcerations due to massive AFB burden in internal organs. M. lepromatosis, like M. leprae, has not been cultured in the laboratory because they both lack genes necessary to grow outside their hosts. These genes are believed to have been lost through reductive evolution.
The novel bacterium was discovered in 2008 following the autopsy of 2 deceased patients from Mexico. Similar to its close relative, Mycobacterium leprae, M. lepromatosis is an obligate intracellular parasite that only reproduces in host cells, a fact that researchers have speculated is why bacterial culturing in the laboratory has been unsuccessful. Visually indistinguishable from its close relative, M. leprae, M. lepromatosis is an aerobic bacillus, requiring an oxygenated environment, is rod-shaped, consistent with all bacillus bacteria, and is resistant to acids due to the presence of mycolic acids in the cell wall. This prohibits the standard use of the Gram stain in characterization.
# Kowalewszczyzna-Folwark

Kowalewszczyzna-Folwark is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sokoły, within Wysokie Mazowieckie County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) north-east of Sokoły, 25 km (16 mi) north-east of Wysokie Mazowieckie, and 26 km (16 mi) west of the regional capital Białystok.
# Jim McLoughlin

Jim McLoughlin (born February 5, 1957) is an English-born Canadian soccer player who played as a defender.

## Career

McLoughlin played in the Major Indoor Soccer League with the New York Arrows. In 1979 he signed with Toronto Metros-Croatia in the North American Soccer League. After failing to make an appearance for Toronto he played at the amateur level with Toronto Emerald. He later returned to the North American Soccer League to play with the Rochester Lancers. In the winter of 1980, he joined indoor rivals the Philadelphia Fever.
In 1981, he played in the National Soccer League with Hamilton Steelers where he assisted in securing the double (NSL Championship & regular season title) for Hamilton. He retired from professional soccer the following season due to knee injuries. In 1995, he was inducted into the Brampton Sports Hall of Fame.

## International career

McLoughlin made his debut for the Canada men's national under-23 soccer team on April 1, 1979 against Bermuda in a qualifier match for 1979 Pan American Games. He was named to the Canada roster for the 1976 Summer Olympics.

## Managerial career

McLoughlin managed several amateur clubs like FC Pennsylvania, and Patriot FC.
# Baldur Sigurðsson

Baldur Sigurðsson (born 24 April 1985) is an Icelandic retired footballer who last played for ÍF Völsungur. He has been capped three times for the Icelandic national team.

## Club career

He has played for Norwegian Adeccoligaen club Bryne and Icelandic clubs Völsungur and Keflavík.
On 15 November 2015, it was confirmed that Baldur had signed a 3-year contract with Stjarnan, and would transfer at the end of the year.
# Antal Csárdi

Antal Csárdi (born in Budapest on November 8, 1976) is a Hungarian entrepreneur and politician. He is a member of National Assembly of Hungary. In the 2018 parliamentary election he was elected a member of the National Assembly, and is currently the individual Member of Parliament for the Downtown, Castle District and partly Ferencváros and Józsefváros.
# Kevin Payne (soccer)

Kevin J. Payne (March 5, 1953 – December 25, 2022) was an American soccer executive. He was the president and chief executive officer of D.C. United from 1994 to 2012, and the president and general manager of Toronto FC. He was also chairman of the technical committee and board member for the U.S. Soccer Federation and vice chairman of the U.S. Soccer Foundation.

## Early career

Payne played soccer growing up, in college and at the amateur/semipro level. After careers as an award-winning radio journalist in New York City and as a senior resort marketing and special events executive in Vail, CO, Payne became the national administrator of the United States Soccer Federation in 1989. In the fall of 1990, he was named deputy executive director and director of marketing for the federation. In 1991, he moved to New York and became the executive vice president and, ultimately, the president of Soccer USA Partners, which owned all marketing, broadcast and event promotion rights to the United States men's national soccer team leading up to the 1994 FIFA World Cup.
Payne left the federation in 1991 to become executive vice president of sales and marketing of Soccer USA Partners (SUSAP/API Soccer), and was named its president in early 1994. This sports marketing agency staged more than 60 U.S. national team matches, including the 1992 and 1993 U.S. Cups, and developed more than $35 million in sponsorships for U.S. Soccer and U.S. Youth Soccer.

## Major League Soccer

In the fall of 1994, Payne, as president of SUSAP, began to work with Alan Rothenberg and a charter group of investors on the creation of Major League Soccer (MLS). Payne put together the original investment group for D.C. United, which included George Soros, Paul Tierney and The Sponsorship Group/API and served as the president and general manager of the team from its inception. Under his guidance, D.C. United has been the most successful team in MLS, winning 13 major championships.
In 2001, Payne joined Anschutz Entertainment Group (AEG) as senior vice president and managing director of AEG Soccer, which, during his tenure, oversaw six MLS teams, including the Los Angeles Galaxy, Colorado Rapids, Chicago Fire, D.C. United, MetroStars and San Jose Earthquakes. Payne also oversaw all other AEG soccer activities until his decision to return to D.C. United in 2004 as president and CEO.
Payne served as member of the board of governors of MLS and sat on the league marketing and competition committees
Payne left D.C. United for Toronto FC in November 2012. He served as club president and general manager until being fired in September 2013.

## Career history

* President/CEO, D.C. United, 1994–2001
* Senior vice president and managing director, AEG Soccer, 2001–2004
* President/CEO, D.C. United, 2004–2012
* President/general manager, Toronto FC, 2012–2013
* CEO/executive director, US Club Soccer, 2015–2021

## Personal life and death

Payne and his wife Pamela lived in Reston, Virginia, and had two daughters, Ashley and Rebecca. He died from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Charleston, South Carolina, on December 25, 2022, at the age of 69.
# Bashevskaya

Bashevskaya (Russian: Башевская) is a rural locality (a village) in Spasskoye Rural Settlement, Tarnogsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 50 as of 2002.

## Geography

Bashevskaya is located 31 km northwest of Tarnogsky Gorodok (the district's administrative centre) by road. Nikiforovskaya is the nearest rural locality.
# Yermakovskaya

Yermakovskaya (Russian: Ермаковская) is a rural locality (a village) in Ustretskoye Rural Settlement, Syamzhensky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 28 as of 2002.

## Geography

Yermakovskaya is located 26 km northwest of Syamzha (the district's administrative centre) by road. Savinskaya is the nearest rural locality.
# Bogus escrow

The bogus escrow scam is a straightforward confidence trick in which a scammer operates a bogus escrow service.
Escrow services are intended to ensure security by acting as a middleman in transactions where the two parties do not trust each other. Rather than sending money or goods directly to the other party (which is insecure, as one or the other party must send its item first, at the risk that the other party may not reciprocate), both parties send their items to the escrow service, which holds them until both items are received, then sends each on to the intended recipient. If either party fails to deliver its part of the deal, the other party's item will be held at the escrow service and eventually returned.
In the bogus escrow scam, a scammer sets itself up as the recipient of money or goods and then requests the use of an escrow service which is self-operated. This bogus escrow service assures the victim that the scammer has sent its item and that the victim should send its item to the escrow service. This amounts to sending the item to the scammer, who then immediately closes down the escrow service and does not send its item to the victim. The scammer blames the escrow service, claiming that the item was with it at the time it closed down; if the victim did not investigate the escrow service before using it, the ruse may be believed.
The bogus escrow scam is popular on eBay, where escrow services are often used for high-value transactions. The rise of internet escrow has led to a dramatic increase in bogus internet escrow companies. However, several legitimate and licensed escrow companies do exist.
# Kozarze

Kozarze is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ciechanowiec, within Wysokie Mazowieckie County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) south-west of Ciechanowiec, 29 km (18 mi) south of Wysokie Mazowieckie, and 69 km (43 mi) south-west of the regional capital Białystok.

## Notable people

* Izydor Szaraniewicz (1829–1901), Ukrainian historian
# John Barrett (volleyball)

John Barrett (born 11 August 1962) is the head coach for the Toronto Varsity Blues' men's volleyball team and is a former Canadian volleyball player. He played CIAU men's volleyball for the Calgary Dinosaurs before transferring to play for the Manitoba Bisons with whom he won a national championship while being named the tournament's most valuable player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1984 Summer Olympics where the Canadian team finished in fourth place.
Barrett joined the Toronto Varsity Blues in 2006 as an assistant coach where he spent five years in that role. He was named the program's head coach on 19 September 2011.
# Davíð Arnar Ágústsson

Davíð Arnar Ágústsson (born 5 November 1996) is an Icelandic basketball player who plays for Úrvalsdeild karla club Þór Þorlákshöfn. Nicknamed Dabbi Kóngur (English: King Dabbi), he helped Þór Þorlákshöfn win its first ever national championship in 2021.

## Club career

After starting his senior team career during the 2012–13 season, Davíð first made the spotlight after starting the 2015–16 season by making 14 out of his first 19 three point shots, earning him the nickname Dabbi Kóngur. On 22 October 2015 when made seven out of eight three point shots, on his way to 21 points, in a victory against Tindastóll. Two games later, he made five out of seven three point shots in a victory against ÍR.
Davíð helped Þór to the Icelandic Cup finals in both 2016 and 2017, where they lost to KR both times. Both years, Þór also faced KR in the Icelandic Super Cup, winning both times.
After being expected to battle relegation, Þór started the 2020–21 season hot and finished second in the league, behind powerhouse Keflavík. They then went on to beat Þór Akureyri and Stjarnan in the first two rounds of the playoffs, before unexpectedly beating favourites Keflavík 3–1 in the Úrvalsdeild finals. In the championship clinching game, Davíð made five out of seven three point shots, scoring 15 points, as well as keeping Keflavík's star Deane Williams in check on defense.
On 2 October 2021, he scored 12 points in Þór's 113–100 win against Njarðvík in the Icelandic Super Cup.

## National team career

In July 2021, Davíð Arnar was selected to the Icelandic national team for the first time.

## Awards and honours

* Icelandic championship: 2021
* Icelandic Super Cup (3): (2016, 2017, 2021)
# Olivio Kocsis-Cake

Kocsis-Cake Olivio (born 31 March 1980 in Budapest, Hungary) is a Hungarian politician. He is a member of parliament in the National Assembly of Hungary (Országgyűlés) since May 2018. He left the LMP in February 2013, a founding member of the Dialogue for Hungary, and was elected party leader in 2014. In the Hungarian parliamentary elections of 2018, he was elected member of parliament representing Budapest 5th constituency.
During the 2022 general elections of Hungary he failed to make the list for his party, Dialogue for Hungary, and lost his seat in the parliament.
# Greg Chimera

Gregory Chimera is an American college football coach. He is the offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach for the University of Pennsylvania, positions he has held since 2024. He was the head football coach at Johns Hopkins University from 2019 to 2023.

## Personal life and education

Chimera was born in Gaithersburg, Maryland, and attended Quince Orchard High School. After Quince Orchard, he graduated from Johns Hopkins University (JHU) in 2009 with his degree in psychological and brain sciences with a minor in entrepreneurship and management. During his time at JHU, he was a fullback for the Johns Hopkins Blue Jays football team. Prior to graduating, he was inducted into the National Football Foundation's Hampshire Honor Society.

## Career

Immediately following graduation, Chimera returned to his alma mater as a running backs and tight ends coach. In 2014, he was promoted to serve as the team's offensive coordinator. Following the passing of Jim Margraff in 2019, Chimera was appointed interim head coach of Johns Hopkins Blue Jays football. On February 22, 2019, Chimera was officially promoted to the 27th head coach in school history. In his debut game as head coach, the Blue Jays beat the Randolph–Macon Yellow Jackets 17–12, making him the first JHU head coach in 99 years to earn a win in his debut. Chimera guided the Blue Jays to an 8–3 record in his first season, the most wins ever recorded by a first-year Johns Hopkins coach. Over his four seasons as head coach, Chimera led the Blue Jays to a 40–7 record, two Centennial Conference titles, and two NCAA DIII playoff series. His .851 winning percentage is the highest in program history and his 40 wins ranked third in program history. He left Johns Hopkins in January 2024 to become the offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach for the University of Pennsylvania.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Bowl/playoffs | AFCA$^#$ | D3$^°$ |
| Johns Hopkins Blue Jays (Centennial Conference) (2019–2023) ||||||||
| 2019 | Johns Hopkins | 8–3 | 6–3 | 3rd | W Centennial-MAC Bowl Series | | |
| 2020–21 | No team—COVID-19 | | | | | | |
| 2021 | Johns Hopkins | 10–2 | 8–1 | T–1st | L NCAA Division III Second Round | 13 | 14 |
| 2022 | Johns Hopkins | 10–1 | 8–1 | 2nd | W Centennial-MAC Bowl Series | 21 | 21 |
| 2023 | Johns Hopkins | 12–1 | 6–0 | 1st | L NCAA Division III Quarterfinals | 8 | 8 |
| Johns Hopkins: | Johns Hopkins: | 40–7 | 28–5 | | | | |
| Total: | Total: | 40–7 | | | | | |
| National championship  Conference title  Conference division title or championship game berth ||||||||
# Kevin Robertson

Kevin George Robertson (born February 8, 1959) is an American former water polo player, who won two Olympic silver medals during his career: in 1984 and 1988. He was affiliated with the University of California. In 1994, he was inducted into the USA Water Polo Hall of Fame.
# Anikin Pochinok

Anikin Pochinok (Russian: Аникин Починок) is a rural locality (a village) in Tolshmenskoye Rural Settlement, Totemsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 34 as of 2002.

## Geography

Anikin Pochinok is located 82 km southwest of Totma (the district's administrative centre) by road. Galkino is the nearest rural locality.
# Yarygino, Syamzhensky District, Vologda Oblast

Yarygino (Russian: Ярыгино) is a rural locality (a village) in Zhityovskoye Rural Settlement, Syamzhensky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 3 as of 2002.

## Geography

Yarygino is located 17 km south of Syamzha (the district's administrative centre) by road. Sobolikha is the nearest rural locality.
# The Longevity Diet

The Longevity Diet is a 2018 book by Italian biogerontologist Valter Longo. The subject of the book is fasting and longevity. The book advocates a fasting mimicking diet (FMD) coupled with a mostly plant based diet that allows for the consumption of fish, for greater longevity.

## Background

Valter Longo, a PhD in biochemistry and director of the Longevity Institute at the University of Southern California, invented the fasting mimicking diet. Longo has said, "Using epidemiology and clinical trials, we put all the research together..." The diet calls for an emphasis on combining a plant-based diet with fish, together with fasting, timing and food quantity.

## Synopsis

In the book, Longo says one should alter one's diet to avoid illness in old age.
He advises dieters start the diet with a five-day fasting mimicking diet (FMD), which calls for a plant-based diet with calorie restriction of 1100 calories the first day, followed by 800 calories for the next few days. The fast-mimicking diet was pioneered by Valter Longo. The book calls for the five-day, calorie restriction FMD to occur twice per year. Before turning 65 the diet calls for minimal protein, and mostly plant-based diet augmented with calorie-restriction.
After someone finishes the fasting mimicking diet, Longo advocates following a mostly plant-based diet that includes fish. He also suggests implementing time-restricted eating, with daily eating windows of 11-12 hours.

## Reception

The book is an international bestseller, has been translated into more than 15 languages, and is sold in more than 20 countries.
Writing for Red Pen Reviews, Hilary Bethancourt stated the diet might be difficult and expensive to follow. Bethancourt goes on to say that the book gives advice about how to have a longer lifespan and healthspan through the practice of following a five-day fasting-mimicking diet and by choosing what to eat, how much to eat, and how often to eat.
Reviewing the book for Glam Adelaide James Murphy felt that the book has "too much discussion of his thwarted ambitions to be a rock star".
# Kozińce

Kozińce is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dobrzyniewo Duże, within Białystok County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north-west of Dobrzyniewo Duże and 20 km (12 mi) north-west of the regional capital Białystok.
# John Hawes (pentathlete)

John David Hawes (born March 1, 1951) is a Canadian former competitive swimmer and modern pentathlete. Hawes won a bronze medal in his signature 200-metre backstroke event at the 1971 Pan American Games in Cali, Colombia, and again at the 1973 World University Games in Moscow. He competed in the preliminary heats of the men's 200-metre backstroke at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, and the modern pentathlon team and individual events at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal.
# Davíð Smári Lamude

Davíð Smári Lamude (born 1 April 1984) is an Icelandic football manager who is currently managing Vestri.
Davíð started his management career in 2017 with Kórdrengir in the fifth-tier 4. deild karla. After finishing third in the promotion playoffs in 2017, he guided the team to promotion to the 3. deild karla in 2018. In 2019, he guided Kórdrengir to victory in 3. deild and the following year Kórdrengir won 2. deild karla and where promoted to the second-tier 1. deild karla.
After two season in the 1. deild with Kórdrengir, Davíð was hired as the manager of rival 1. deild club Vestri. On 30 September 2023, Vestri defeated Afturelding in the 1. deild karla promotion playoff final to secure a berth in the top-tier Besta deild karla for the first time in its history.

## Honours
### Manager

* 2. deild karla: 2020
* 3. deild karla: 2019
# Climate change in Azerbaijan

Climate change has had serious consequences in Azerbaijan since the start of the 21st century. The climate of Azerbaijan was 1.3 degrees hotter by 2010. The Caspian Sea is shrinking. Azerbaijan will host the 2024 United Nations Climate Change Conference, known as COP29.

## Description

Climate Trace estimates 2022 greenhouse gas emissions will reach 91 million tonnes CO2eq, with over 40% of emissions from fossil fuel production. The petroleum industry in Azerbaijan exports fossil gas. Over 90% of exports from Azerbaijan are petroleum-based. Azerbaijan has over 7 billion barrels of proven crude oil reserves under the Caspian Sea. Energy consumption is estimated at about 16% of GHG, while transportation is estimated at about 10% of GHG.
The climate of Azerbaijan has increased by 1.3 degrees, while extreme weather events are increasing. The water level of the Caspian Sea is falling.Forests in the Caucasus are affected. Ecological problems on the coast are being worsened by climate change.
In the post-Soviet economic period, the Azerbaijani economy has become state-controlled and oil-based. Oil is the main contributor to the Azerbaijan economy; decreases in oil prices negatively affect the entire country. Cotton may be the most affected agriculture in Azerbaijan, which is sensitive to climate change. In 2023, the Minister of Agriculture reported that the country is engaging in climate-smart agriculture. Fishing is affected. Stranded assets are a long-term risk. Azerbaijani health may suffer from the extreme heat and a longer malaria season.

## Mitigation and adaptation

As of 2023 there is no net zero target. There are intermediate GHG reduction targets. The country's second Nationally Determined Contribution includes a 40% reduction compared to 1990. It may be possible to produce low-carbon hydrogen.
A national adaptation plan is hoped to be published in 2024. COP29 is being hosted in Baku in 2024, probably in November; it will be the third oil-producing country in a row to host the conference. Cooperative Mechanisms under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement may be discussed. Some have criticised that the country was chosen to host COP29 and say that environmental activists are repressed. Media freedom in Azerbaijan is restricted, including around discussions of climate change.
There is a Youth Climate Envoys programme.
# Kevin Wilson (skier)

Kevin Wilson (born 10 May 1959) is a Puerto Rican alpine skier. He competed in three events at the 1988 Winter Olympics.
# Abbakumovskaya

Abbakumovskaya (Russian: Аббакумовская) is a rural locality (a village) in Tarnogsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 97 as of 2002.

## Geography

Abbakumovskaya is located 15 km (9.3 mi) northeast of Tarnogsky Gorodok (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kirivanovskaya is the nearest rural locality.

## Ethnicity

The village is inhabited by Russians and others.