# Bhoopali

Bhoopali, also known as Bhoop, Bhopali, or Bhupali, is a Hindustani classical raga. Bhupālī, is a raag in Kalyan Thaat. It is a pentatonic scale (uses 5 notes in ascending and descending scale). Most of the songs in this raga are based on Bhakti rasa. Since it uses 5 notes, belongs to the "Audav jaati" of ragas.
The same raga in Carnatic music is known as Mohanam.
Raga Bhoopali, Raga Yaman, and Raga Bhairav tend to be the three basic ragas of Hindustani music, learned first by its students.

## Theory

Karhade (2011) explains that raga Bhopali consists of just 5 notes - सा रे ग प ध (sa, re, ga, pa and dha).
It does not use Ma (also called Madhyam) and Ni (also called Nishadh). It is said that the absence of Ni (representative of physical pleasure) and Ma (representative of loving) means this raga is about non-attachment.
The Introduction consists of two parts – Aaroh आरोह (where the notes are simply recited on an ascending scale) and Avaroha (where the notes are simply recited on a descending order)
Thereafter, with these same five notes, different combinations are made by the singer, similar to short phrases, also called "chalan".

### Aroha and avaroha

The scale of Bhopali uses only Shuddh swaras.
* Aroha (ascent): Sa Re Ga Pa Dha Sa'
* Avaroha (descent): Sa'! Dha Pa Ga Re Sa

### Vadi and samavadi

* Vadi
Gandhar – ga
* Samavadi
Dhaivat – Dha

### Alap

* S, D1 D1...S, R - - S...D1 S..., D1 - - - P1, S - - - D1 S - - D1 P1, P1 D1, D1 D1 S

### Pakad and chalan

The Pakad (catchphrase that often helps in identifying a raga) is:
S R G R S D1 S R G
or:
S R G R S D1 S R G P G D P G R S
or:
G R P G G R S R D1 S
or:
G R S D1 S R G R P G D P G R S
or:
G R P G S R D1 S
Some chalans (elaborations of the pakad) are:
* S R G R S D1 S R G
* S R G R S D1 P1
* P1 D1 S R G R G
* S R P G
* G R S R G P
* G P D P D D S’
* P G P D P D S’ R’ G’ R’ G’
* G’ R’ S’ D P G R S
Note: Normally written swaras (individual notes) indicate the middle octave. A swara immediately followed by 1 indicates the mandra saptak (lower octave) and ' indicates the taar saptak (higher octave).
A few movements in Bhopali are important to note. There is typically a slide when descending between Sa and Dha, as well as between Pa and Ga. These slides parallel each other and can be used to create a symmetry about how the Swaras are developed. Also, many performers will bring out the Kalyan flavor of Bhopali by using abhasi of the notes Shuddha Ni and Tivra Ma. That is to say, these notes are only vaguely suggested in passing ornaments, not actually sung for long enough for the Swara to become a clear part of the Raga. Some examples would be:
(N$_1$)D$_1$ S
P(m)P(m) D P
where the notes in parentheses are connected by slides or sung as meend.

### Bandish

This bandish is bound with Teentaal (16 beats).
1 2 3 4 | 5 6 7 8 | 9 10 11 12 | 13 14 15 16 |
Asthayi:
D S D2 P | G2 R2 S R2 |
G2 _ G2 P | G2 R2 S _ |
S R2 G2 P | R2 G2 P D2 |
G2 P D2 P | G2 R2 S _ |
Antara:
G2 _ G2 G2 |P _ D2 P |
S' _ S' S' |D3 R3 S' _|
G3 G3 R3 S'|R3 R3 S' D3|
S' _ D2 P |G2 R2 S _|
The Asthayi starts with the 9th beat.

## Organisation and relationships

Raga Bhoopali belongs to the Kalyan Thaat.
Related ragas: Deshkar (a pentatonic raga belonging to the Bilawal Thaat with the same scale as Bhoopali). Shuddha Kalyan is another similar raga.

### Samay (Time)

First part of night. 7-9

### Rasa

Bhakti Rasa (Devotional)
The essence from the raga evokes the Shanti Rasa – peaceful and calming.
The Rasa can also be called Shanta Rasa

### Film songs

Bhoopali is a popular raga used in Indian folk songs, and thus in Hindi and other regional film songs.
Hindi:
* "Jyoti Kalash Chhalke" (Bhabhi Ki Chudiyan) (1961)
* "Pankh Hote To Udd Aati Re" (Sehra) (1963)
* "Main Jahaan Rahoon" (Namastey London) (2007)
* "Dil Hoom Hoom Kare" (Rudaali) (1993)
* "Sayonara Sayonara" (Love in Tokyo) (1966)
* "Dekha ek khwaab to yeh silsile hue" (Silsila) (1981)
* "Aayat" (Bajirao Mastani) (2015)
* "Neel Gagan Ki Chaanv men" (Amrapali) (1966)
Marathi:
* "Ghanashyama Sundara" (Amar Bhoopali) (1951)
* "Dehaachi Tijori" (Aamhi Jato Amuchya Gava) (1951)
* "sujana kasā mana corī" (Sangeet Natak)
* "śarayū tīrāvarī ayodhyā" (Geet Ramayan)
Kannada:
* "Malgudi Days Theme Music"
* "Mohana Muraliya Naada Leelege"
* "Olave Jeevana Saakshaatkaara"
* "Bellane Belagayitu"
* "Aashaadha Maasa Bandeetavva"
* "Belliya Raja Baaro Kullara Raja Baa"
* "Uttunga Naadininda Ondu Hudugi (Folk)"
* "Nigi Ningee Ningi Ningee"
* "Hottito Hottitu Kannadada Deepa"
* "Udayavaagali Namma Cheluva Kannada Naadu"
* "Bayaside Ninnanu Bhaavada Melake"
* "Ellaadaru Iru, Entaadaru Iru"
* "Karunaalu Baa Belake"
* "Tungaa Teeradi Ninta Suyativara"
* "Teraa Yeri Ambaradaage"
* "Tunturu Alli Neera Haadu"
* "Sarasada Ee Prati Nimisha"
* "Amara Madhura Prema"
* "Malli Malli Minchulli"
* "Nanna Aase Hannaagi Nanna Baala Kannaade"
* "Innu Hattiraa Hattiraa Baruveya"
* "Radha Madhava Vinoda Haasa"
* "Yaava Janmada Maitri"
* "Kogile O Kogile"
* "Naliyutaa Hrudaya Haadanu Haadide"
* "Kogileye Kshemave"
* "Santasa Araluva Samaya"
* "Doni Sagali Munde Hogali"
* "Mudala Maneya Muttina Neerina"
* "Appaa I Love You Paa"
* "Jenina Holeyo Haalina Maleyo"
* "Naavaaduva Nudiye"
* "Om Karadi Kande"
* "Neela Megha Gaali Beesi"
* "Ee Hasiru Siriyali Manavu Mereyali"
* "Ee Sambhaashane"
* "Baanallu Neene Bhuviyallu Neene"
* "Yogi Manege Bandaa"
* "Mella Mellane Bandane"
* "Jayatu Jaya Viththala"
* "O Pandu Ranga Prabho Viththala"
* "Avatarisu Baa Narayana"
* "Pillangoviya"

### Tamil movie songs in Mohanam

| Song | Movie | Lyricist | Composer | Singer |
| Giridhara Gopala | Meera | | S. V. Venkatraman | M. S. Subbulakshmi |
| Thillai Ambala Nadaraajaa | Soubhagyavathi | Pattukkottai Kalyanasundaram | Pendyala Nageswara Rao | T. M. Soundararajan |
| Nilavum Malarum | Then Nilavu | Kannadasan | A. M. Rajah | A. M. Rajah, P. Susheela |
| Aarumugamana Porul | Kandhan Karunai | Kannadasan | K. V. Mahadevan | S. Janaki, Rajalakshmi |
| Om Namasivaya | Thiruvilaiyadal | Kannadasan | K. V. Mahadevan | Sirkazhi Govindarajan, P. Susheela |
| Malargal Nanaindhana | Idhaya Kamalam | Kannadasan | K. V. Mahadevan | P. Susheela |
| Velli Mani Oosaiyil | Iru Malargal | Vaali | M. S. Viswanathan | P. Susheela |
| Chittukuruvikenna | Saavale Samali | Kannadasan | M. S. Viswanathan | P. Susheela |
| Iraivan Varuvan | Shanthi Nilayam | Kannadasan | M. S. Viswanathan | P. Susheela |
| Yaumuna Nadhi Inge | Gowaravam | Kannadasan | M. S. Viswanathan | S. P. Balasubramaniam, P. Susheela |
| Sangey Mozhangu | Kalangarai Vilakam | Bharathidasan | M. S. Viswanathan | P. Susheela, Seerkazhi Govindarajan |
| Thanga Thoniyile | Ulagam Sutrum Vaaliban | Vaali | M. S. Viswanathan | K. J. Yesudas, P. Susheela |
| Bansaye | Ulagam Sutrum Vaaliban | Vaali | M. S. Viswanathan | T. M. Soundarajan, L. R. Easwari |
| Kadaloram Vaangiya Kaatru | Rickshawkaaran | Vaali | M. S. Viswanathan | T. M. Soundarajan |
| Vanda naal mudhal | Paavamannippu | Kannadasan | M. S. Viswanathan | T. M. Soundarajan |
| Thiruchendoorin Kadalorathil Senthilnaathan | Dheivam | Kannadasan | Kunnakudi Vaidyanathan | T. M. Soundararajan, Seerkazhi Govindarajan |
| Neelakkadalin Oratthil | Annai Velankanni | Kannadasan | G. Devarajan | T. M. Soundararajan, P. Madhuri |
| Oru Kadhal Samrajyam | Nandha En Nila | | V. Dakshinamoorthy | P. Jayachandran, T. K. Kala |
| Ninu Kori Varnam Isaithida | Agni Natchatram | | Illayaraja | Chitra |
| Kanmaniye Kadhal Enbadhu | Aarilirunthu Arubathu Varai | | Illayaraja | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki |
| Nilavu thoongum | Kungumachimizh | | Illayaraja | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki |
| Iru Paravaigal | Niram Maratha Pookal | | Illayaraja | Jency |
| Meenkodi Theril | Karumbhu Vil | | Illayaraja | K.J. Yesudas, Jency Anthony |
| Vaan Pole Vannam | Salangai Oli | Vairamuthu | Illayaraja | S. P. Balasubhramaniam, S. P. Sailaja |
| Oru Thanga Rathathil | Dharma Yutham | | Illayaraja | Malaysia Vasudevan |
| Kannan Oru kaikulanthai | Bhadrakali | | Illayaraja | KJ Yesudas, P Susheela |
| Kaathirunthen Thaniye | Rasa Magan | | Illayaraja | Chandrasekar, Srilekha |
| Sreeramane Unnai | Kangalin Vaarthaigal | | Illayaraja | K. S. Chithra, Illayaraja |
| Oru Raagam | Anandha Ragam | Gangai Amaran | Illayaraja | K. J. Yesudas, S. Janaki |
| Geetham Sangeetham | Kokarako | Gangai Amaran | Illayaraja | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam |
| Poovil Vandu | Kaadhal Oviyam | Vairamuthu | Illayaraja | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam |
| Ravi varman oviyamo | Puthu vayal | | Aravinth | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam |
| Sivappu Lolaku | Kaadhal Kottai | | Deva | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam |
| Vellarika | Kaadhal Kottai | | Deva | Krishnaraj |
| Nepala Malaiyoram | Thaikulame Thaikulame | | Deva | S. P. Balasubhramaniam, Swarnalatha |
| Priya Priya | Kattabomman (film) | | Deva | S. P. Balasubhramaniam, K.S.Chitra |
| Thoonganakuruvi | Jallikattu kalai | | Deva | S. P. Balasubhramaniam, K.S.Chitra |
| Kadhal Kaditham | Cheran Pandiyan | Soundaryan | Soundaryan | S.A. Rajkumar, Swarnalatha |
| Boom Boom | Boys | Kabilan | A. R. Rahman | Adnan Sami, Sadhana Sargam |
| Ennodu Nee Irundhaal | I | Kabilan | A. R. Rahman | Sid Sriram, Sunitha Sarathy |
| Porale Ponnuthayi | Karuthamma | Vairamuthu | A. R. Rahman | Unni Menon, Sujatha Mohan, Swarnalatha(Pathos)(Won National Award) |
| Madrasai Suthi (Ragamalika:Mohanam, Punnagavarali) | May Maadham | Vairamuthu | A. R. Rahman | Shahul Hameed, Swarnalatha, G. V. Prakash & Manorama |
| Pakkada Pakkade | Gentleman | Vairamuthu | A. R. Rahman | Minmini |
| Varayo Thozhi | Jeans | Vairamuthu | A. R. Rahman | Sonu Nigam, Harini |
| Samba Samba | Love Birds | Vairamuthu | A. R. Rahman | Aslam Mustafa |
| Kannai Katti Kollathey | Iruvar | Vairamuthu | A. R. Rahman | Hariharan |
| Poi Solla Poren | Thiruttu Payale | Vairamuthu | Bharadwaj | KK, Kanmani |
| Oru Kathal Enpathu | Chinna Thambi Periya Thambi | Vairamuthu | Gangai Amaran | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki |
| Chinnapattam Poochi | Sugamana Sumaigal | Vairamuthu | Chandrabose | K. S. Chithra, Mano |
| Kaalai Neeye | Kaalaiyum Neeye Maalaiyum Neeye | Vaali | Devendran | S. Janaki |
| Malaiya Kodainju Pathaya Amaichen | Pudhu Padagan | S. Thanu | S. Thanu | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra |
| Unnai Ninachi | Avathara Purushan | | Sirpy | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra |
| Mudhal Mudhalai | Varushamellam Vasantham | | Sirpy | P. Unnikrishnan, Sujatha |
| Pottu Mela Pottu | Janakiraman | | Sirpy | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Anuradha Sriram |
| Mainaave Mainaave | Thithikudhe | | Vidyasagar | P. Unnikrishnan, Sadhana Sargam |
| Rosave Rosave | Ellaichami | Pulamaipithan | S. A. Rajkumar | Malaysia Vasudevan, K. S. Chithra |
| Maname Thottal | Thottachinungi | | Phillip Jerry | Hariharan, K. S. Chithra |
| Kadhalithal Anandham | Style | | Bharani | Hariharan, K. S. Chithra |
| Uchi Mudhal | Sukran | Vijay Antony | Vijay Antony | Timmy, Gayathri |
| Engeyum Kadhal | Engeyum Kadhal | Thamarai | Harris Jayaraj | Aalap Raju, Devan Ekambaram, Ranina Reddy |
Malayalam movie songs in Mohanam (Selected) :
| Song | Movie | Lyricist | Composer | singer(s) |
| Malini nadiyil | Sakunthala | Vayalar Ramavarma | G Devarajan | KJ Yesudas, P Suseela |
| Manjalayil mungi thorthi | Kalithozhan | P Bhaskaran | G Devarajan | P Jayachandran |
| Manjani Poonilaav | Nagarame Nandi | P Bhaskaran | K Raghavan | S Janaki |
| Suprabhatham (neelagiriyude) | Panitheeratha Veedu | Vayalar Ramavarma | MS Viswanathan | P Jayachandran |
| Chandrikayilaliyunnu | Bharyamar Sookshikkuka | Sreekumaran Thampi | V Dakshinamoorthy | KJ Yesudas, P Leela, AM Raja |
| Pournami Chandrika | Rest House | Sreekumaran Thampi | MK Arjunan | KJ Yesudas |
| Madhuchandrikayude | Anachadanam | Vayalar Ramavarma | G Devarajan | P Jayachandran |
| Swargaputhri Navarathri | Nizhalattam | Vayalar Ramavarma | G Devarajan | KJ Yesudas |
| Guruvayurambala Nadayil | Othenante makan | Vayalar Ramavarma | G Devarajan | KJ Yesudas |
| Ezharapponnana purath | Akkarappacha | Vayalar Ramavarma | G Devarajan | P Madhuri |
| Nin maniyarayile | CID Nazir | Sreekumaran Thampi | MK Arjunan | P Jayachandran |
| Arivin Nilave | Rajashilpi | ONV Kurup | Raveendran | KS Chithra |
| Etho nidrathan | Ayal Katha Ezhuthukayanu | Kaithapram | Raveendran | KJ Yesudas |
| Maarikkuliril neela thulasi | Kouravar | Kaithapram | SP Venkitesh | KJ Yesudas, KS Chithra |
| Chandanalepa Sugandham | Oru vadakkan veeragatha | K Jayakumar | Ravi Bombay | KJ Yesudas |
| Aareyum Bhava gayakan aakkum | Nakhakshathangal | ONV Kurup | Ravi Bombay | KJ Yesudas |
| Maayaponmane | Thalayanamanthram | Kaithapram | Johnson | KS Chithra |
| Manje vaa madhuvidhu vela | Thusharam | Yousuf Ali Kechery | Shyam | KJ Yesudas, SP Balasubrahmaniam |
| Thaara noopuram chaarthi | Sopanam | Kaithapram | SP Venkitesh | KJ Yesudas, Manju Menon |
| Mouliyil mayilpeeli | Nandanam | Gireesh Puthenchery | Raveendran | KS Chithra |
| Ponkasavu njoriyum | joker | Yousuf Ali Kechery | Mohan Sithara | P Jayachandran, KS Chithra |
| Parvanendu mukhi | Parinayam | Yousuf Ali Kechery | Ravi Bombay | KS Chithra |
| Kaliveedurangiyallo | Deshadanam | Kaithapram | Kaithapram | KJ Yesudas |
| Aakasha neelima | Kayyum thalayum purathidaruth | Mullanezhi | Raveendran | KJ Yesudas |
| Nee en sarga soundaryame | Kathodu kathoram | ONV kurupp | Ouseppachan | KJ Yesudas, Lathika |