OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ethyleneamine

Ethyleneamines are a class of amine compounds containing ethylene (-CH$_2$CH$_2$-) linkages between amine groups. These compounds are generally colorless, low-viscosity liquids with a fishy amine odor. They are primarily used as building block chemicals and in epoxy resin curing agent chemistry.

## Production

There are two main routes for the production of ethyleneamines, the reaction between ethylene dichloride and ammonia, and the reductive amination of monethanolamine. World capacity of ethyleneamines for the year 2001 was estimated to be 385,000 tonnes/year, with the majority comprising the ethylene dichloride route.
In the ethylene dichloride route, the initial product of this reaction is ethylenediamine. In the presence of excess ethylene dichloride, the initial ethyleneamine is extended by one ethylene unit. The terminal alkyl chloride reacts with ammonia to give the amine, and the polyamine chain can be extended further in this fashion. Addition of a polyamine to the initial reaction mixture can increase the concentration of higher-order polyamines. In all these examples, stoichiometric base is needed to convert the amine hydrochloride to free amines.
In the monoethanolamine route, monoethanolamine reacts with ammonia, catalyzed by transition metal catalysts. This process is reported to generate more cyclic compounds than the ethylene dichloride route.
As a practical matter, a mixture of products is obtained in both routes. This mixture is influenced by the composition of the feedstock, and various products are obtained by continuous distillation. By returning lower-order polyamines or polyamine derivatives into the process, more higher-order polyamines can be obtained.

## Side products

In addition to the ethyleneamine homologs (also spelled as homologue), side products exist. Aziridine occurs by the cyclization of chloroethylamine; piperazines are formed by cyclization of a two-ethylene unit compound to give the six-membered ring.

## Examples

| Number of nitrogen atoms | Name | Structure | Boiling point (°C, 760 mmHg) |
| 2 | Ethylenediamine (EDA) | | 116.9 |
| 3 | Diethylenetriamine (DETA) | | 206.7 |
| 3 | Aminoethylpiperazine (AEP) | | 222.1 |
| 4 | Triethylenetetraamine (linear-TETA) | | 276.5 |
| 4 | Tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (branched-TETA) | | |
| 4 | N,N'-Bis-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine) (bis-AEP) | | |
| 4 | N-[(2-Aminoethyl)2-aminoethyl]piperazine) or piperazinoethylethylenediamine (PEEDA) | | |
| 5 | Tetraethylenepentamine | Multiple related compounds | ca. 200 |
| 6 | Pentaethylenehexamine | | ca. 200 |
| Higher | Various trade names, e.g. Huntsman E-100, Dow Heavy Polyamine | Complex mixture of higher order polyamines | Decomposes |
# Kent Ford (canoeist)

Kent Ford (born 1957) is a former American slalom canoeist who competed from the late 1970s to the early 1990s.
He won two gold medals in the C1 team event at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships, earning them in 1983 and 1985.

## World Cup individual podiums

| Season | Date | Venue | Position | Event |
| 1992 | 16 Feb 1992 | Murupara | 3rd | C1 |
# Jim West (footballer)

Jim West (born 12 April 1966) is a former Australian rules footballer, playing with the Sydney Swans from 1990 to 1992.
Recruited from Glenelg Football Club in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL), West never really establishing himself in the lineup, only managing 37 games (and kicking 54 goals).
The highlight of his career came in his debut season of 1990, when he topped the Sydney Swans' goal kicking with 34 goals. This was an unsuccessful season for the Swans, where they finished second last and struggled to kick goals all year.
West returned to the SANFL where he played with the Norwood Football Club in their 1997 Premiership team.
West also played and coached at the Encounter Bay Football Club from 1999 to 2004.
# Lucy McKim Garrison

Lucy McKim Garrison (October 30, 1842 – May 11, 1877) was an American song collector and co-editor of Slave Songs of the United States, together with William Francis Allen and Charles Pickard Ware.

## Early life

Lucy was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on October 30, 1842. She was a daughter of Sarah Allibone (née Speakman) McKim and the Rev. James Miller McKim, an antislavery lecturer and Presbyterian minister. Her younger brother was Charles Follen McKim, a prominent architect with the firm of McKim, Mead & White, and her maternal grandfather was Micajah Speakman of Chester County, Pennsylvania, whose home was a stop on the Underground Railroad.

## Poetry

She traveled to the Sea Islands of South Carolina with her father in 1862 while the Civil War was still raging, serving as his secretary as he gathered information on the conditions for newly freed slaves for the Philadelphia Port Royal Relief Committee. This exposed her to the music of former slaves just after they had been freed, a time of great social change. Her work in Port Royal, South Carolina, constitutes the first attempt to systematically describe the characteristics of African American spirituals. She published two songs, Poor Rosy, Poor and Roll, Jordon, Roll, they were the "earliest slave songs to be published complete with music".

## Personal life

On December 6, 1865, Lucy was married to Wendell Phillips Garrison (a son of the abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison) in Philadelphia. Together, they were the parents of:
* Lloyd McKim Garrison (1867–1900), who married Alice Kirkham in 1896. After his death she married Frederic Wait Lord.
* Philip McKim Garrison (1869–1935), who married Marian Knight. After his death, she married Hendon Chubb, son of Thomas Caldecot Chubb.
* Katherine McKim Garrison (1873–1948), who married banker Charles Dyer Norton, Assistant Secretary of the Treasury and Secretary to President William Howard Taft, in 1897.
Garrison died of heart disease after a long illness culminating in paralysis on May 11, 1877, in West Orange, New Jersey. She was survived by her husband and three children. Her story is told in a biography by musicologist Samuel Charters entitled, Songs of Sorrow: Lucy McKim Garrison and 'Slave Songs of the United States' .
# Chris Wittman

Chris Wittman (born 30 August 1965) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Hawthorn and St Kilda in the VFL/AFL.
Originally from Xavier College, Wittman played mostly as a rover for Hawthorn. He kicked 33 goals in 1988 and played in their premiership side that year. However, he broke his arm early in the game and took no further part. He finished as a premiership player again the following season. After not getting enough games due to the strength of Hawthorn during the early 1990s, he was traded to St Kilda, where he spent his final season.
# Noel Zunneberg

Noel Wallace Zunneberg (born 13 August 1946) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Fitzroy. Often considered as one of the most underrated centre half backs, Zunneberg was a strong mark and a regular player for Fitzroy for five years. After 1972, he moved to Preston in the Victorian Football Association, and he served as its captain in 1975.
# Martin Leslie (Australian footballer)

Martin Leslie (born 17 November 1962) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Brisbane Bears in the Australian Football League (AFL) and Port Adelaide Football Club in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL).
Leslie made his SANFL debut for Port Adelaide in 1981, winning the club best and fairest award in 1986 and a premiership in 1988.
At the VFL National Draft in 1986 Leslie was the number one draft choice, selected by Brisbane. Leslie deferred moving to Brisbane until the end of the 1988 SANFL season. Making his VFL debut in 1989, Leslie would eventually play 107 games for the Bears and won their best and fairest award, in 1990.
# The Muslim Jesus

The Muslim Jesus is a 2007 British documentary directed and produced by Irshad Ashraf, and commissioned and narrated by Melvyn Bragg. The documentary is about the Islamic view of Jesus. It was broadcast by ITV on 19 August 2007.

## Overview

The one-hour special uses the Quran as its main source, and draws on interviews with scholars and historians. It features commentary from Hamza Yusuf, who was filmed quite extensively for this documentary.

## Background

The narrator Melvyn Bragg said, "I was fascinated by the idea ... Jesus was such a prominent figure in Islam but most people don't know that." He added: "I hope it will provoke among Muslims the feeling they are included in television."
Hamza Yusuf said, "In the Christian narrative the most central and fundamental point of Christianity is the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ but Islam basically denies that. The Quran states that it was made to appear that Jesus was crucified as when the Romans captured Jesus God organised a rescue operation."

## Appearances

* Hamza Yusuf (Muslim scholar of Zaytuna Institute, California)
* Ajmal Masroor (Imam)
* Usama Hasan (Imam of Al-Tawhid Masjid, London)
* Ahmad Thomson (co-author of Jesus Prophet of Islam)
* Karen Armstrong (religious historian)
* Ahmed Babikir (Imam of Islamia Primary School, London)
* Sarah Joseph OBE (editor of Emel)
* Mohammed Saeed Bahmanpour (writer of Saint Mary)
* Ismael Lea South (rapper)
* Sukina Douglas (member of Poetic Pilgrimage)
* Muneera Williams (member of Poetic Pilgrimage)
* Ibrahim Mogra (Chair, interfaith relations Muslim Council of Britain)
* Abdur Raheem Green (visit administrator of London Central Mosque)
# Aj Yaxjal Bʼaak

Aj Yaxjal Bʼaak (ruled c. 780) was the only known ruler of the Maya city of Ixtutz, which was the most important city in the Dolores region.
A stela dated to AD 780 records a ceremony performed by Aj Yaxjal Bʼaak and attended by his overlord from the Petexbatún, most likely to have been Tan Teʼ Kʼinich of Aguateca, and 28 other lords from both within the Dolores valley and further afield.
# Nejib Ahmed

Nejib Ahmed is photographer based in Assam. He received invitation to attend the 59th Wildlife Photographer of the Year event in 2023 and he was awarded as Highly Commended, hosted at the Natural History Museum in London where his photograph was exhibited. His photograph, highlighting human-animal conflict, clicked in the periphery of Orang National Park situated in Darrang and Sonitpur districts in Assam.

## Other achievements

Nejib's works have been published in some of the prestigious wildlife magazines and journals globally. His images have been published in National Geographic, BBC Wildlife, Sony BBC Earth, Sanctuary Asia and Outlook Traveller among others.
Nejib was the winner of the 2022 Nature inFocus International Photography Competition (Conservation Section). Apart from that, he has won honours like Nature Photography Award in 2018 from Photography Club of Assam and Nature Photographer of the Year in 2019 from Photographic Society of Assam.

## Books

Nejib has co-authored a book named 'Birds of Orang' with Pradipta Baruah, DFO of Orang National Park. He has partnered with Champak Goswami to write another book named 'Wildlife Photography and Ecotourism'.
# Phaeogenes

Phaeogenes is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Ichneumonidae.
The species of this genus are found in Eurasia and Northern America.

## Selected species

* Phaeogenes acaudus (Provancher, 1882)
* Phaeogenes alternans Wesmael, 1845
# Álvaro Carrillo (footballer)

Álvaro Carrillo Alacid (born 6 April 2002) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for SD Eibar.

## Club career
### Real Madrid

Born in Murcia, Carrillo joined Real Madrid's La Fábrica in 2015, from Real Murcia. He made his senior debut with the reserves on 25 November 2020, starting in a 1–1 Segunda División B home draw against CD Atlético Baleares.
On 3 January 2023, Carrillo renewed his contract until 2025. He made his first team debut on 6 January 2024, playing the full 90 minutes in a 3–1 away win over Arandina CF, for the season's Copa del Rey; it was his only appearance with the main squad.

### Eibar

On 12 July 2024, Carrillo signed a two-year deal with Segunda División side SD Eibar.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of match played 25 May 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Real Madrid Castilla | 2020–21 | Segunda División B | 6 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| Real Madrid Castilla | 2021–22 | Primera División RFEF | 18 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 18 | 0 |
| Real Madrid Castilla | 2022–23 | Primera Federación | 28 | 0 | — | — | 4 | 0 | 32 | 0 |
| Real Madrid Castilla | 2023–24 | Primera Federación | 20 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 20 | 0 |
| Real Madrid Castilla | Total | Total | 72 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 77 | 0 |
| Real Madrid | 2023–24 | La Liga | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 72 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 78 | 0 |
* ↑ Appearance in 2021 Segunda División B play-offs
* ↑ Appearances in 2023 Primera Federación play-offs

## Honours

Real Madrid
* Supercopa de España: 2023–24
* UEFA Champions League: 2023–24
Real Madrid Juvenil A
* UEFA Youth League: 2019–20
# Aldehyde-stabilized cryopreservation

Aldehyde-stabilized cryopreservation is a new technique for cryopreservation first demonstrated in 2016 by Robert L. McIntyre and Gregory Fahy at the cryobiology research company 21st Century Medicine, Inc. This technique uses a particular implementation of fixation and vitrification that can successfully preserve a rabbit brain in "near perfect" condition at −135 °C, with the cell membranes, synapses, and intracellular structures intact in electron micrographs. In 2016, McIntire and Fahy were awarded the first portion of the Brain Preservation Technology Prize, the Small Animal Brain Preservation Prize, by the Brain Preservation Foundation for the successful cryopreservation of a whole mouse brain. The cryopreserved brain was rewarmed and no serious degradation was found to have occurred; the brain structure under electron microscopic evaluation after rewarming remained well-preserved. Although this technique has not yet lead to a successful revival of a cryopreserved brain, some researchers see this technique as providing promising directions for future research.
# Abu El Numrus

Abu El Numrus (Arabic: أبو النمرس) is a city in the Giza Governorate, Egypt. Its population was estimated at 86,000 people in 2020.
The old name of the city in Bunumrus (Arabic: بونومروس, from Coptic: ⲡⲟⲛⲙⲟⲛⲣⲟⲥ).

## Notable people

* Abdelrahman Rashdan, footballer
# Harold E. Taylor

Harold E. Taylor, Haverford College, MIT, and University of Iowa alumnus, was a professor of physics at The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey for over 30 years. As one of the original faculty members, Taylor did research and instructed in the subjects of astrophysics, meteorology, astronomy, electronics, and general physics. One of the research projects Taylor instrumented was a large groundwater source heat pump system to heat and cool the entire academic complex at Stockton. This geothermal well-based system saves the institution around US$500,000 per year in electricity for heating and cooling. He was the brother of Nobel laureate Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr.
In his early college years, he was a notable soccer player.

## Extra curricular activities

Taylor also chaired the local Amnesty International chapter in Atlantic County, New Jersey. Hal died in December 2001. The college has since renamed the campus observatory, which he helped facilitate in 1974, in his honor.

## Family

He is the brother of Nobel Prize in Physics laureate Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr.

## Honours

There is also a school scholarship in his name, the Dr. Harold E. Taylor Physics Award Endowment .
The Stockton astronomical observatory is named after him.

## Amateur radio

During their youth, Joseph and Hal were enthusiasts of amateur radio. Together they erected numerous large, rotating antennas, high above the roof of their family's three-story Victorian farmhouse. Their radios were mostly built from a mixture of post-war surplus equipment and junk television sets. Later in life, Hal moved back to the family farm following the death of their father to carry on the tradition and help run the farm. He was known to be interviewed by local news stations during times of extreme weather, such as droughts.

## Athletics

Hal was one of Haverford College's greatest and most admired athletes ever. As a right fullback in soccer he was selected to the first All-American team in an era when there was only one such eleven, covering all colleges in the country.
# Corbasca

Corbasca (Hungarian: Korbászka) is a commune in Bacău County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is composed of seven villages: Băcioiu, Corbasca, Marvila, Pogleț, Rogoaza, Scărișoara, and Vâlcele.
At the 2011 census, the commune had 4,914 inhabitants, of which 64.5% were Romanians and 35.4% Roma. At the 2021 census, Corbasca had a population of 4,811; of those, 46.1% were Romanians and 44.27% Roma.
# Arlington Plantation House (Franklin, Louisiana)

Arlington Plantation House (now known as Arlington Mansion) is an historic home located at 56 E. Main St. in Franklin, Louisiana.

## Description and history

It is a 3 story Greek Revival style house, designed and used as a single dwelling, and is undoubtedly the most widely recognized historic archetype of the southern states. It was built around 1830 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 5, 1982.
It is now offered as a wedding and events venue and for overnight stays .
# List of presidents of Liguria

This is the list of presidents of Liguria since 1970.

## Presidents elected by the Regional Council (1970–1995)

| # | Name | Term of office | Term of office | Political party | Legislature |
| 1 | Gianni Dagnino | 15 September 1970 | 14 April 1975 | DC | I (1970) |
| 2 | Giorgio Luciano Verda | 14 April 1975 | 29 July 1975 | DC | I (1970) |
| 3 | Angelo Carossino | 29 July 1975 | 4 July 1979 | PCI | II (1975) |
| 4 | Armando Magliotto | 4 July 1979 | 28 October 1980 | PCI | II (1975) |
| 5 | Giovanni Persico | 28 October 1980 | 27 September 1981 | PRI | III (1980) |
| 6 | Alberto Teardo | 27 September 1981 | 25 May 1983 | PSI | III (1980) |
| 7 | Rinaldo Magnani | 25 May 1983 | 9 October 1985 | PSI | III (1980) |
| 7 | Rinaldo Magnani | 9 October 1985 | 14 March 1990 | PSI | IV (1985) |
| 8 | Renzo Muratore | 14 March 1990 | 28 September 1990 | PSI | IV (1985) |
| 9 | Giacomo Gualco | 28 September 1990 | 14 January 1992 | DC | V (1990) |
| 10 | Edmondo Ferrero | 14 January 1992 | 20 July 1994 | DC | V (1990) |
| 11 | Giancarlo Mori | 20 July 1994 | 6 June 1995 | PPI | V (1990) |

## Directly-elected presidents (since 1995)

| N. | President | Term of office | Term of office | Tenure (Years and days) | Party | Composition | Legislature |
| 11 | Giancarlo Mori (1938–2019) | 6 June 1995 | 12 May 2000 | 4 years, 332 days | Italian People's Party | PDS–PPI–PdD–FdV | VI (1995) |
| 12 | Sandro Biasotti (1948– ) | 12 May 2000 | 14 April 2005 | 4 years, 337 days | Forza Italia | FI–AN–LN–CDC | VII (2000) |
| 13 | Claudio Burlando (1954– ) | 14 April 2005 | 7 April 2010 | 10 years, 58 days | Democrats of the Left / Democratic Party | Ulivo/PD–PRC–PdCI–FdV–IdV | VIII (2005) |
| 13 | Claudio Burlando (1954– ) | 7 April 2010 | 11 June 2015 | 10 years, 58 days | Democrats of the Left / Democratic Party | PD–IdV–UDC–FdS–SEL–FdV | IX (2010) |
| 14 | Giovanni Toti (1968– ) | 11 June 2015 | 12 October 2020 | 9 years, 45 days | Forza Italia | LN–FI–FdI | X (2015) |
| 14 | Giovanni Toti (1968– ) | 12 October 2020 | 26 July 2024 | 9 years, 45 days | Cambiamo! / Us Moderates | C!–Lega–FdI–FI | XI (2020) |
| – | Alessandro Piana (1972– ) | 26 July 2024 | 9 November 2024 | 106 days | Lega | C!–Lega–FdI–FI | XI (2020) |
| 15 | Marco Bucci (1959– ) | 9 November 2024 | incumbent | 16 days | Independent | FdI–NM–Lega–FI | XII (2024) |
# Sylvia Ann Hewlett

Sylvia Ann Hewlett (born 1946) is a Cambridge educated economist.

## Education

Hewlett graduated from Girton College, Cambridge, was a Kennedy Scholar and then earned her PhD degree in economics at the University of London.

## Career

Hewlett has taught at Cambridge, Columbia and Princeton Universities and held fellowships at the Institute for Public Policy Research in London and the Center for the Study of Values in Public Life at Harvard.
She is the CEO of Hewlett Consulting Partners and founding president of the Center for Talent Innovation a non-profit think tank, based in New York, focusing on women, minorities and previously excluded minority groups. As of 2012, she has been involved in the Gender and Policy Program at the School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University and serves as a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the World Economic Forum Council on Women's Empowerment.
In the 1980s, she was the first woman to head up the Economic Policy Council of the United Nations Association—a think tank composed of 125 business and labor leaders.
She is the author of several books (see Bibliography section). Her articles have been published in the New York Times, the Financial Times, strategy+business magazine, and the Harvard Business Review. TV appearances include 60 Minutes, The Today Show, Good Morning America, Newshour with Jim Lehrer, Charlie Rose, NewsNight with Aaron Brown, NBC Nightly News, Oprah, The View, All Things Considered, Talk of the Nation, On Point, and has been lampooned on Saturday Night Live.
Hewlett was awarded the 2014 HR Magazine "Most Influential International Thinker".
# Kevin Burnham

Kevin Lobdell Burnham (December 21, 1956 – November 27, 2020) was an American two-time Olympic medalist in the sport of sailing. He won the silver medal in 1992 with Morgan Reeser in the 470 class.
Having competed in Olympic Trials in 1992, 1996, and 2004, Burnham never gave up on his dream of winning a gold medal. In the 2004 Olympics he won the gold medal with Paul Foerster in the 470 class. Kevin was the oldest gold medalist at the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, Greece. Burnham was an 11-time U.S. champion in various boats. He was a sailing coach for various international teams, and he was the Head International 420 Coach for LIMA, The Long Island Mid Atlantic Sailing Team, from September 2015 until March 2017.
Burnham died on November 27, 2020, from complications of pulmonary disease. He was 63 years old.
# Iosif Trifa

Iosif Trifa (3 March 1888 – 12 February 1938) was a Romanian Orthodox priest and evangelist. He founded "Oastea Domnului" ("The Lord's Army"). He was also the uncle of Valerian Trifa. Trifa placed on the 100 greatest Romanians list.

## Life

Iosif Trifa was born in the family of Dimitrie and Ana Trifa, from the village Certege, Torda-Aranyos County (now Câmpeni, Alba County, Romania). He was the 4th son of a total of 6. He was baptised on 6 March 1888.
When he was 7 years old, in 1895, he started elementary school in his village, and in 1900 started gymnasium in Beiuș. Later on, he studied theology in Sibiu. In 1910 he was named a confessional teacher in the town of Vidra de Sus, which is now the town of Avram Iancu, Alba, named after the Transylvanian Romanian national hero.
In 1911 he married Iuliana Iancu, niece to the hero Avram Iancu. In the same year he was made priest in Vidra. In 1912 his first child, a girl, Olimpia, was born, but she died the following year. In 1914 his second child, a boy this time, Titus Gheorghe, was born, but he also died the following year. In 1916 Romania entered World War I on the side of the Allies, in an effort to wrangle Transylvania from Austro-Hungarian rule. In 1916, Trifa's third child was born: a boy, whom he named the same as his second, Titus-Gheorghe; this child is the only one who survived. In 1918, his fourth child, a girl, Augustina, was born. World War I ended, but the Spanish flu endemic killed both his wife Iuliana, and his daughter Augustina. He was left only with his son, Tit, who at the time was three years old.
He was excommunicated by the Romanian Orthodox Church in 1936. This decision would be lifted on 28 September 1990.
He died in 1938 in Sibiu after heart surgery, and was buried in the city's cemetery.