OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1983 Liechtenstein local elections

Local elections were held in Liechtenstein in 1983 to elect the municipal councils and the mayors of the eleven municipalities. Women were able to vote in Gamprin for first time.

## Election system

The municipal councils (German: Gemeinderat) are composed of an even number of councillors plus the mayor (German: Gemeindevorsteher). The number of councillors is determined by population count: 6 councillors for population under 500; 8 councillors for population between 500 and 1,500; 10 councillors for population between 1,500 and 3,000; and 12 councillors for population over 3,000.
Councillors were elected in single multi-member districts, consisting of the municipality's territory, using an open list proportional representation system. Voting was on the basis of male suffrage in a secret ballot, except in Gamprin and Vaduz, where women's suffrage was previously introduced. The mayors were elected in a two-round system. If none of the candidates achieved a majority in the first round, a second round would have been held four weeks later, where the candidate with a plurality would be elected as a mayor.

## Results
### Overall

← Summary of the 1983 Liechtenstein local elections results → :
| Party | Party | Votes | Votes | Votes | Seats | Seats | Mayors | Mayors |
| Party | Party | Votes | % | +/– | Total | +/– | Total | +/– |
| | Progressive Citizens' Party (FBPL) | 32,971 | 52.8 | −0.4 | 65 | +3 | 7 | −1 |
| | Patriotic Union (VU) | 29,509 | 47.2 | +0.4 | 52 | −1 | 4 | −1 |
| Total | Total | 62,480 | 100 | – | 117 | +2 | 11 | – |
| Valid ballots | Valid ballots | 5,832 | 97.2 | | | | | |
| Invalid/blank ballots | Invalid/blank ballots | 170 | 2.8 | | | | | |
| Total | Total | 6,002 | 100 | | | | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 6,625 | 90.6 | | | | | |
| Source: Statistisches Jahrbuch 1999, p.356-367 |||||||||

### Results by municipality

| Municipality | FBPL | FBPL | VU | VU | Mayor | Mayor |
| Municipality | % | C | % | C | Mayor | Mayor |
| Balzers | 46.9 | 6 | 53.1 | 7 | FBPL |
| Eschen | 46.4 | 5 | 53.6 | 6 | VU |
| Gamprin | 61.3 | 6 | 38.7 | 3 | FBPL |
| Mauren | 61.3 | 7 | 38.7 | 4 | FBPL |
| Planken | 78.5 | 6 | 21.5 | 1 | FBPL |
| Ruggell | 50.4 | 5 | 49.6 | 4 | VU |
| Schaan | 58.7 | 8 | 41.3 | 5 | FBPL |
| Schellenberg | 58.7 | 5 | 41.3 | 4 | FBPL |
| Triesen | 42.0 | 5 | 58.0 | 6 | VU |
| Triesenberg | 42.4 | 5 | 57.6 | 6 | VU |
| Vaduz | 56.2 | 7 | 43.8 | 6 | FBPL |
| Source: Statistisches Jahrbuch 1999, p.356-367 |||||||
# Stochastic investment model

A stochastic investment model tries to forecast how returns and prices on different assets or asset classes, (e. g. equities or bonds) vary over time. Stochastic models are not applied for making point estimation rather interval estimation and they use different stochastic processes. Investment models can be classified into single-asset and multi-asset models. They are often used for actuarial work and financial planning to allow optimization in asset allocation or asset-liability-management (ALM).

## Single-asset models
### Interest rate models

Interest rate models can be used to price fixed income products. They are usually divided into one-factor models and multi-factor assets.

#### One-factor models

* Black–Derman–Toy model
* Black–Karasinski model
* Cox–Ingersoll–Ross model
* Ho–Lee model
* Hull–White model
* Kalotay–Williams–Fabozzi model
* Merton model
* Rendleman–Bartter model
* Vasicek model

#### Multi-factor models

* Chen model
* Longstaff–Schwartz model

### Term structure models

* LIBOR market model (Brace Gatarek Musiela model)

### Stock price models

* Binomial model
* Black–Scholes model (geometric Brownian motion)

### Inflation models
## Multi-asset models

* ALM.IT (GenRe) model
* Cairns model
* FIM-Group model
* Global CAP:Link model
* Ibbotson and Sinquefield model
* Morgan Stanley model
* Russel–Yasuda Kasai model
* Smith's jump diffusion model
* TSM (B & W Deloitte) model
* Watson Wyatt model
* Whitten & Thomas model
* Wilkie investment model
* Yakoubov, Teeger & Duval model
# Vanillerostbraten

Vanillerostbraten ("vanilla roast beef" in German) is an Austrian beef cutlet dish prepared with garlic, salt, pepper, butter, onions, and brown bouillon and normally served with fried potatoes.
Vanilla is not included in the recipe. When the dish was created, garlic was referred to as the vanilla of the poor man (Vanille des kleinen Mannes). Hence the name.
# John Chantler McDougall

John Chantler McDougall (1842–1917) was a missionary, civil servant and published author in Alberta, Canada.

## Personal life

John McDougall was born in 1842 in Sydenham, Upper Canada. He moved west with his father George Millward McDougall to the boreal forest trading post of Norway House in 1860. He followed in his father's footsteps and did missionary work in the western Prairies. He worked for multiple governments on First Nations issues over the years and worked with Native leaders to lobby governments to improve conditions for their people, such as travelling with Little Bear to Ottawa in 1897.

## Political involvement

McDougall ran for a seat in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta in the 1913 Alberta general election under the Alberta Liberal banner in the electoral district of Centre Calgary. He was soundly defeated by Thomas Tweedie.
At the time of his death in 1917, he was working in Calgary enforcing Prohibition, a cause he fully endorsed. A newspaper described him as "a Methodist, but broadly Christian, independent and radical in politics, an intense democrat, and aggressive and liberal in all his views. He had been giving strong support to the People's Forum, an organization in which he was keenly interested." The People's Forum was organized by prominent leftist Albertan William Irvine.
# Lawrence D. Ackman

Lawrence David Ackman (April 29, 1939 – May 31, 2022) was an American real estate entrepreneur who led the Ackman-Ziff Real Estate Group, a company founded by his father and uncle. Ackman is noted for playing a role in the development of the mortgage brokerage industry. His son Bill Ackman is a billionaire hedge-fund mogul.

## Early life and education

Lawrence David Ackman was born on April 29, 1939, in New York City to Herman and Jean (Miller) Ackman. His paternal grandfather, Abraham Ackman immigrated to the United States from Russia in 1887. Ackman was raised in Manhattan and the Bronx; he attended the Riverdale Country School, graduating in 1956. Ackman attended Brown University for his undergraduate studies, majoring in economics. He completed his MBA in finance at Harvard Business School in 1963.

## Career

During his career, Ackman arranged financing for Seymour Durst, Friedland Properties, and Harry Helmsley, among other clients. In the 1990s, Ackman worked to finance the redevelopment of a property on Manhattan's Ninth Avenue, which now houses Chelsea Market.
Ackman became president of the Ackman-Ziff Real Estate Group in 1968 and the company's CEO in 1977.

## Personal life

Ackman sat on the board of the New York Philharmonic and served as Chairman of the Pershing Square Foundation.
Ackman died on May 31, 2022, at Massachusetts General Hospital.
# The Life I Remember

The Life I Remember is the debut studio album by American heavy metal band Once Human. It was released on September 4, 2015, through earMUSIC.

## Background

In 2014, after taking more than ten years off from performing live music, music producer and former Soulfly/Machine Head guitarist Logan Mader founded the band now known as Once Human.
On May 26, 2015, the ensemble published a lyric video of "The Life I Remember", the title track for the album. An equivalent video of "Terminal" was unleashed on July 10, 2015. Four weeks later, the group released "You Cunt", the first video from the ensemble portraying them playing alongside a theatrical plot.

## Touring

The band toured Europe in November and December 2015 with American industrial metal band Fear Factory.

## Critical reception

ArtistDirect indicated that title track "The Life I Remember" is "full of the crunch and grit that metal fans have come to love and expect from [Mader], who pounded out riffs in some essential, '90s-era metal bands".
Blabbermouth.net portrays Hart's singing as a "throat-scarring level of vocal brutality that completely contradicts her soft appearance".
According to Jeremy Borjon of Revolver magazine the band demonstrates "an impeccably produced, ruthless and mature sound in the vein of Arch Enemy and DevilDriver" with Hart bringing "the metal with clear and compelling screaming fleshed out by a groovy and thunderous rhythm section".

## Videos

* "The Life I Remember" (2015)
* "Terminal" (2015)
* "You Cunt" (2015)
# Rebecca L. Cann

Rebecca L. Cann (born 1951) is a geneticist who made a scientific breakthrough on mitochondrial DNA variation and evolution in humans, popularly called Mitochondrial Eve. Her discovery that all living humans are genetically descended from a single African mother who lived <200,000 years ago became the foundation of the Out of Africa theory, the most widely accepted explanation of the origin of all modern humans. She is currently Professor in the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.

## Early life and education

Rebecca Cann was born in 1951 and spent her childhood at Des Moines, Iowa, where she completed her elementary schooling. In a summer, just before she started high school, her family moved to San Francisco, California. In 1967 she entered an all-girl Catholic High School in California. She earned a Bachelor of Science (BS) degree with a major in genetics at University of California, Berkeley in 1972. She then worked at Cutter Laboratories at Berkeley for five years (1972-1977) after finishing college, where she worked on macaque serum proteins and learned the techniques for constructing phylogenetic tree, which would be pivotal for her later achievements. She continued at University of California, Berkeley for her doctorate in genetics under the supervision of Allan Wilson of the Department of Biochemistry, and graduated in 1982. She got a Postdoctoral Fellowship at Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) of the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). She joined the faculty of the Department of Genetics, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa in 1986.

## Mitochondrial Eve

Cann laid the experimental groundwork for the concept of Mitochondrial Eve, and the consequent Out of Africa theory. From late 1970s she had collected mtDNA samples from women of different ethnic backgrounds, such as from Asia, South Pacific, Europe and Americans of African descent. The data were used in her PhD thesis in 1982. Following her research, a junior graduate student Mark Stoneking added samples from aboriginal Australians and New Guineans. In 1987, after a year of delay, their collective paper was published in Nature in which their findings indicated that all living humans were descended through a single mother, who lived ~200,000 years ago in Africa. The theoretical mother of all humans popularly became the Mitochondrial Eve, and the underlying concept directly implies recent African origin of modern humans, hence, the tenet of the so-called Out of Africa theory.

## Personal life

She retains the surname Cann from her former husband whom she married in 1972, right after her graduation from Berkeley. In fact she helped her then husband through his graduate school and only when he finished, she started attending graduate school.
Cann was featured on MidWeek‘s cover on 19 March 1997 for her Mitochondrial Eve.
# 2023 in webcomics

Notable events of 2023 in webcomics.

## Events
### Awards

* Eisner Awards, "Best Webcomic" won by Rachel Smythe's Lore Olympus
* Harvey Awards, "Digital Book of the Year" won by Rachel Smythe's Lore Olympus
* Ignatz Awards, "Outstanding Online Comic" won by Reimena Yee's The God of Arepo
* Next Manga Award, "Web Manga" won by Sumiko Arai's The Guy She Was Interested in Wasn't a Guy at All

### Webcomics started

* January 1 – Firefly Wedding by Oreco Tachibana
* January 23 – Jiangshi X by Norihiko Kurazono
* February 5 – Neko ni Tensei Shita Oji-san by Yajima
* February 22 – Isekai Samurai by Keigo Saitō
* February 24 – King's Proposal by Kōshi Tachibana and Nemo Kurio
* February 25 – Beat & Motion by Naoki Fujita
* June 26 – Spacewalking with You by Inuhiko Doronoda
* May 27 – Bite Maker: AK by Miwako Sugiyama
* May 28 – Wait 3 Minutes, Mugi-senpai by Yuuki Nanaji
* June 1 – Yoi with Mottled Skin by Nemui Asada
* August 1 – Good Night World End by Uru Okabe
* December 7 – The Angel Next Door Spoils Me Rotten: After the Rain by Saekisan and Puyo

### Webcomics ended

* Chō yo Hana yo by Zenyu Shimabukuro, 2017–2023
* Excuse Me Dentist, It's Touching Me! by Sho Yamazaki, 2020–2023
* Love Revolution by 232, 2013–2023
* Surviving Romance by Lee Yone, 2021–2023
* Tomorrow by Llama, 2017–2023
# Antoni Mroczkowski

Antoni Mroczkowski was a Polish ace pilot in the Imperial Russian Air Force during the World War I with at least 5 confirmed kills.

## Biography

In August 1914 Antoni Mroczkowski started to serve in the Imperial Russian Army. In 1915 he completed pilot training in Sevastopol. From 1915 to 1917 he flew in the 24th Air corps. He scored his first victory on an Albatros near Tuchyn in Volhynia. He was wounded two times, and was also shot down in error by Russian artillery. In 1917 he was promoted to captain.
In Odessa, Mroczkowski joined a Polish Air Force unit and from 1919 he served in an escadrille attached to the 10th Infantry Division. He worked as instructor in a flying school in Warsaw, then he was a test pilot in Centralne Warsztaty Lotnicze. In 1920 he was assigned to the 19th Fighter Escadrille. In 1921 Morczkowski was given an indefinite leave of absence. Later he returned to his profession as a test pilot in Plage i Laśkiewicz in Lublin. He was fired for participation in a strike.
In 1940 Mroczkowski reached Great Britain after the Fall of France. In the UK he flew multi-engine airplanes. Due to his age he was transferred to the ground service.
Mroczkowski came back in Poland in 1946. During his career he flew over 8000 hours on 85 different aircraft.
Antoni Mroczkowski died in Warsaw on 26 December 1970, at age 74.

## Awards

Virtuti Militari, Silver Cross Order of Polonia Restituta, Knight's Cross Cross of Independence Cross of Polish Soldiers from America Commemorative Medal for the War of 1918–1921 Medal of the 10th Anniversary of People's Poland Bronze Medal of Merit for National Defence Order of Saint Anna, 4th Class (Russian Empire)
# Phu Cat Airport

Phu Cat Airport (IATA: UIH, ICAO: VVPC) is an airport serving Quy Nhơn, Vietnam. It is in Phù Cát district between the towns of Ngo May and Đập Đá, around 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Qui Nhơn within Bình Định province along the South Central Coast of Vietnam.
As well as being a commercial airport, Phu Cat is also used by the Vietnam People's Air Force, being home to the nation's sole squadrons of Sukhoi Su-27 and Yakovlev Yak-130.
Phu Cat Airport is the registered hub serving Bamboo Airways. Phu Cat Airport handled 1.5 million passengers in 2017.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| Bamboo Airways | Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Seasonal charter: Cheongju |
| VietJet Air | Hai Phong, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City |
| Vietnam Airlines | Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City |
| Vietravel Airlines | Charter: Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City |

## History

Phù Cát Airport was built in 1967 during the Vietnam War for the United States Air Force (USAF) by the American construction company RMK-BRJ. During the war, it was a major air base for the Republic of Vietnam Air Force and USAF. Until 1975, the airport was known as Gò Quánh Airport. The airport was one of the major sites for Agent Orange recharge besides Bien Hoa Air Base and Da Nang Air Base. Due to heavy activities involving dioxin during the war, the ground at the airport was polluted with toxic chemicals and cleanup efforts are still ongoing. After 1975, it was used for training purpose by the Vietnamese Air Force and subsequently developed into a mixed-use airport for both regional civic air transport and military activities in 1984 following the suspension of civic service at nearby Qui Nhơn Airfield. In September 1984, the airport served its first commercial flight.
On July 10, 2003, construction on a new 3,000 m$^2$ (32,000 sq ft) passenger terminal for the airport started. The terminal was completed in June 2004. It has a capacity of 600,000 passengers per year, with two airplane gates, six check-in counters and two conveyor belts. The airport handled 420,000 passengers in 2014 and held an average 46% annual growth in passengers. The airport served 1.5 million passengers in 2017.
On February 13, 2017, work started on the site of a new passenger terminal for Phu Cat Airport. This terminal, built on a cost of US$22 million, would have a capacity of 1.5 million passengers per year with room for expansion up to 2.4 million. The new terminal opened on May 3, 2018 and completely replaced the 2003-built terminal.

## Gallery

* Old terminal at the airport
* Interior of the Passenger terminal
* A Vietnam Airlines Airbus A320 at the airport
# Brihada Vishnu Purana

Brihada Vishnu Purana (Sanskrit: बृहद विष्णु पुराण) also known as Brihat Vishnu Purana (Romanised: Bṛhat Viṣṇu Purāṇa) or Vrihadda Vishnu Purana is a Sanskrit religious text in the tradition of Hinduism dedicated to the Lord Vishnu.

## Etymology

The word "Brihada" or romanised form "Bṛhat" is an adjective which means large or great. Thus the literal meaning of the text "Brihada Vishnu Purana" or "Bṛhat Viṣṇu Purāṇa" is "Larger Vishnu Purana".

## Description

In the text Brihada Vishnu Purana, the Vedic sage Parashara is the Guru as well as speaker of the text and the sage Maitreya is the disciple as well as the listener of the text. It is said that the original text of the Brihada Vishnu Purana has been lost. The information about the Brihada Vishnu Purana is found from the references of the other Hindu texts available. According to the author Dharmanath Sharma of the text Brihadvishnupuranie Mithila Mahatmya, the information of the entire Brihad Vishnu Purana is nowhere available. It is said that only the Mithila Mahatmya part of the text Brihada Vishnu Purana is available and preserved. It was later translated in Maithili, Hindi and Nepali languages.
Vijayakanta Mishra in his text "Cultural Heritage of Mithila" mentioned the text Brihada Vishnu Purana which provides the twelve names of the ancient Mithila.
In the texts Ekamra-Purana and Laghubhāgavatāmṛta, the Brihada Vishnu Purana is mentioned as Brihad-Vaishnava in the list of Upaparanas. According to scholars, Brihada Vishnu Purana is the literature of Vaishnava. The Indian scholar Hemādri in his encyclopaedic text Caturvargacintāmaṇi mentioned that the text Brihada Vishnu Purana might had been written not later than 1000 AD.
# Memory of Mankind on the Moon

Memory of Mankind on the Moon was a time capsule that was launched onboard Astrobotic Technology's Peregrine lander. It was made in collaboration with Hungarian company Puli Space Technologies and Memory of Mankind.
# U.P. Campus, Quezon City

U.P. Campus is a barangay in Quezon City, Philippines. As its name suggests, a large part of the barangay is occupied by the main Diliman campus of the University of the Philippines (UP). UP Diliman, the university campus itself, covers seven other barangays in Quezon City, namely Krus na Ligas, San Vicente, Botocan, Culiat, Old Capitol Site, Pansol, and Vasra.

## History

The barangay was established on June 25, 1975 through Executive Order No. 24 issued by then Quezon City Mayor Norberto Amoranto. The mayoral order itself was pursuant to Presidential Decree 557 issued by then President Ferdinand Marcos on September 21, 1974 which mandates the conversion of barrios into barangays.

## Government

Barangay U.P. Campus is distinct from the University of the Philippines (UP) Diliman campus which is mainly inside the barangay. The barangay is a local government unit (LGU) and is headed by a barangay captain, while the UP Diliman Campus is an academic institution, headed by a chancellor. It is also not to be confused with Barangay U.P. Village, located adjacent to it to the west.

## Demographics

Barangay U.P. Campus, according to a census in 2012, has a squatter population of at least 15,500 households, each having an average of 4.5 members.

## Security

The UP Diliman Campus has its own independent police force, the UP Diliman Police, which also manages traffic within the Diliman campus. The local government of Barangay U.P. Campus is in charge of security for areas under its jurisdiction that are outside the university's campus grounds.
# Fred A. Wenck

Frederick A. Wenck (April 15, 1879 – July 26, 1946) was an American athlete, sports administrator, and businessman who served as chairman of the New York State Athletic Commission.

## Early life

Wenck was born on April 15, 1879, in Baltimore. He moved to New York City's Upper West Side in 1890. He attended the Barnard School for Boys, where he was captain of the football team. During the Spanish–American War he served with the 22nd New York Infantry Regiment. He graduated from Yale Law School in 1902. After college, Wenck spent many years as a sportswriter and editor. He worked on the staffs of the New York Evening Mail, New-York Tribune, and The Morning Telegraph.

## Athletic career

Wenck was a swimmer for the New York Athletic Club from 1896 to 1904. At Yale he was captain of the swimming and water polo teams and founded and served as the first president of the Yale University Swimming Association. He also captained the 22nd New York Infantry Regiment's football team.

## New York State Athletic Commission

On October 8, 1915, Wenck was appointed chairman of the New York State Athletic Commission by Governor Charles Seymour Whitman. On January 2, 1917, attorney Emil Fuchs sent a letter to Governor Whitman on behalf of boxing promoters Harry Pollok, Patrick T. Powers, and John J. White, who alleged that Wenck had solicited bribes in exchange for a license. Whitman appointed Franklin B. Lord to oversee public hearings into the charges. Lord cleared Wenck of the bribery charges, but found that he had borrowed money from a boxing manager, had recommended promoter John J. Mack to Fred Fulton’s manager for Fulton's fight against Al Reich and endorsed the note that allowed Mack to be financially able to promote the fight, had accepted a large number of free tickets for boxing and other events at Madison Square Garden, and allowed two companies to stage fights before they were licensed. For these reasons, Lord found Wenck to be unfit for office. On March 16, 1917, Whitman ousted Wenck based on Lord's recommendation. Whitman chose not to fill the office after Wenck's removal, as boxing was soon outlawed in the state.

## Business career

Following his removal from the athletic commission, Wenck entered the ferry business. He operated ferries on the Long Island Sound between New Rochelle, New York and Greenwich, Connecticut and points on the North Shore. He held the ferry and beach house concession for Glen Island Park and operated a ferry from New Rochelle to Glen Island. In 1936 he opened Wenck Marine Salvage Company in Port Washington, New York, which he ran until his death on July 26, 1946, at Meadowbrook Hospital in Hempstead, New York.
# Raijua

Raijua is an island in the Lesser Sunda Islands in Indonesia. Administratively it forms a district (kecamatan) of Sabu Raijua Regency wihin the province of East Nusa Tenggara. Its total land area is 13.9 square miles (36.08 square km), with a population of 9,679 in mid 2023. Raijua is sometimes called The Wedge by surfers because it includes an exposed reef break, making it an ideal surfing location during Indonesia's dry season (May through October).