OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Shrapnel Valley Cemetery

Shrapnel Valley Cemetery is a cemetery from World War I and is the second largest Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery in the former Anzac sector of the Gallipoli Peninsula, Turkey, after Lone Pine Cemetery.

## History

The battles at Gallipoli, some of whose participating soldiers are buried at this cemetery, was an eight-month campaign fought by Commonwealth and French forces against Ottoman Empire forces in an attempt to force the Ottoman Empire out of the war, which it was hoped would relieve the deadlock of the Western Front and to open a supply route between Russia and the Mediterranean through the Dardanelles and the Black Sea.
Following the landing at Anzac Cove in April 1915, Shrapnel Valley (or Shrapnel Gully) became the main route for Allied troops and supplies between the beach and the frontline in the Anzac sector. Falling shrapnel made a distinctive whistling before striking the area. It was during the battles in the early days of the campaign that the name for the gully was coined. Later, several wells were dug in the valley and camps and gun emplacements constructed in the lower end.
On the night of 18 to 19 May 1915, the 5th Light Horse Regiment from Queensland began an offensive through the valley.
The cemetery is a trapezoidal shaped area larger than an average city block. It was in use during the campaign, and some additional graves were moved from outlying sites into it after the war.
Private Victor Laidlaw photographed the cemetery in 1915 and made this comment in his diary:
   4.7.15 (4 July 1915) The military cemetery near us is gradually expanding, every day you will see a small party witnessing the last call of a comrade who has gone to rest, crude graves some of them are, but they are looked after as much as possible. A good number have large crosses on them, while others are quite nameless, still all honour to these Australian heroes who have fallen here.

## Major Quinn buried at Shrapnel Valley

Amongst the burials is that of Major Hugh Quinn, after whom Quinn's Post was named, now the location of Quinn's Post Cemetery. Ironically, Major Quinn is not buried in the cemetery which bears his name.
Captain Quinn was in command of C company, 15th Battalion of the First Australian Imperial Force (AIF), and detailed on 29 April 1915 to hold the precarious position which had been established a few days before. He was promoted to major on 1 May but was shot on 29 May whilst reconnoitring in daylight for a counter-attack to expel Turkish troops from positions nearby seized during an assault on the post.

## Location

The Anzac cemeteries are reached from the left hand junction of the Eceabat – Bigali Road. After 10.1 km from the junction, there is a right turn along a short track to find the cemetery on the left.
# Gare du Midi metro station

vteBrussels Premetro North-South Axis :
Legend :
Gare du Midi (French) or Zuidstation (Dutch) is a rapid transit station in Brussels, Belgium, consisting of both a metro station (on the southern segment of lines 2 and 6) and a premetro (underground tram) station (serving lines 4 and 10 on the North–South Axis between Brussels-North railway station and Albert premetro station).
The metro station opened on 2 October 1988 as the southern terminus of line 2 from Simonis. Line 2 has since been extended beyond Gare du Midi/Zuidstation to Clemenceau in 1993, Delacroix in 2006, and Gare de l'Ouest/Weststation in 2009. Since 3 December 1993, the station has also accommodated North–South Axis premetro services at separate platforms, with cross-platform interchange between metro and premetro in both directions. Then, following the reorganisation of the Brussels Metro on 4 April 2009, it is served by lines 2, 3, 4 and 6. Line 3 was disbanded in 2024 and replaced by the new line 10.
The metro station is located under Brussels-South railway station, the busiest station in Belgium, and the only Brussels stop for international high-speed rail services Eurostar (including the former Thalys) and TGV.

## Area

The South Tower, the tallest building in Belgium, stands in front of the station's main exit (the crossroad of the Avenue Fonsny/Fonsnylaan and the Rue Couverte/Bedektestraat) and houses the Belgian Federal Pensions Service (FPS).
# Shimokita Hantō Quasi-National Park

Shimokita Hantō Quasi-National Park (下北半島国定公園, Shimokita-hantō Kokutei Kōen) is a quasi-national park in the Shimokita Peninsula of Aomori Prefecture in the Tōhoku region of far northern Honshū in Japan. It is rated a protected landscape (category V) according to the IUCN. The park, consists of several discontinuous locations, which include:
* the volcanic peaks and caldera lakes of the Osorezan Mountain Range and surrounding forests.
* Yagen Valley, with its hot springs
* the coastal rock formations of Hotokegaura on the west coast of Shimokita Peninsula
* Cape Ōma, the northernmost point of Honshū
* Cape Shiriya, the northeasternmost point Honshū and the Sarugamori Sand Dunes
* Taijima, an island off the coast of Wakinosawa
The park also encompasses a portion of the natural habitat of the Japanese macaque. The mountainous interior is forested with Siebold's beech and Nootka cypress, and coastal areas have stands of tilia and oak. The area was designated a quasi-national park on July 22, 1968.
The borders of the park span the municipalities of Mutsu, Higashidōri, Sai, and Ōma.
Like all Quasi-National Parks in Japan, Shimokita Hantō Quasi-National Park is managed by the local prefectural government.
# Francis Bulkeley Johnson

Francis Bulkeley Johnson (1828–1887) was member of the Jardine, Matheson & Co. and member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong.

## Biography

Johnson joined the Jardine, Matheson & Co. in 1861 and was later admitted as a partner in 1866 when James MacAndrew ceased to be with the company.
Johnson was appointed to the Legislative Council of Hong Kong on 17 May 1881, during William Keswick's absence on leave. He also acted as Hawaiian Consulate General and Danish Consulate for William Keswick in 1881. He was also Chairman of the Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce between 1882 and 1883.
During his service on the Legislative Council, he introduced the bill for the Tramways Ordinance for the construction of the Hongkong Tramways in 1881. The bill was subsequently passed in June 1883 and the tramways were operated in 1904. In 1883, he was also appointed to the commission of inquiring the alleged opium smuggling as well as other goods from Hong Kong into China.
In December 1883, the government enacted the Johnson's Wharves and Piers Ordinance to authorise Johnson to construct piers and wharves in the Victoria Harbour for the Jardine, Matheson & Co.
Bulkeley Street in Hung Hom, Kowloon was named after him. His son, Charles Bulkeley Bulkeley-Johnson, was a highly decorated British cavalry general who died in the First World War.
# James Johnstone Keswick

James Johnstone Keswick (1845–1914) was a Scottish businessman in China and Hong Kong. He was the taipan of the Jardine Matheson & Co.

## Biography

He was the son of the Thomas Keswick, and younger brother of William Keswick, who was the founder of the Keswick family. He arrived in the Far East in 1870 and remained there for 26 years. He became a partner of the Messrs Jardine, Matheson & co. and taipan of the firm from the 1890s. He founded Hongkong Land together with his close associate Sir Paul Chater. This was a development company established in 1889 which remained closely associated with Jardine Matheson. Chater and J. J. Keswick became permanent joint managing directors of the new company.
He was also appointed as unofficial member of the Legislative Council and Executive Council of Hong Kong, chairman of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation and Hong Kong Fire. He was the chairman of the Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce in five terms between 1890 and 1900.
He had been resident in Japan, Shanghai, and Hong Kong. During his residence in China he was one of the best known figures in the foreign community, in which was nicknamed "James the bloody polite".
He married Marion "Minnie" Parkes, who was the daughter of Harry Smith Parkes, former British minister in Tokyo and Beijing.
He died at an hotel at Bath, Somerset, at the age of 68, in 1914.
# Alexander Perceval (merchant)

Alexander Perceval, (1821 – 8 May 1866), sometimes spelt "Percival", was the third son of the late Colonel Alexander Perceval, Member of Parliament for County Sligo, and subsequently serjeant-at-arms to the House of Lords. His mother was Jane Anne, daughter of Colonel L'Estrange, of Moystown, Moystown, Cloghan, King's County, Ireland.

## Biography

Born in 1821, Perceval was a relative of Mary Jane Perceval, the wife of James Matheson, one of the founders of Hong Kong trading house Jardine, Matheson & Co. As a result, in 1850 he became a clerk in the firm and became a partner in 1853. By 1862 he had become Taipan of Jardine's and an unofficial member of the Legislative Council of the colony of Hong Kong from 1860 to 1864. He was also the first chairman of the Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce.
Having amassed a large fortune in the Far East, Perceval returned to Ireland in 1860, and purchased the paternal estate of Temple House from R. H. Hall-Dare, esq., of Newtonbarry, County Wexford, to whom it had been sold by Philip Perceval, esq., in 1857. He died at Temple House, County Sligo, aged 44.

## Offspring

Perceval's nineteen-month-old son Robert Jardine Percival died in May 1852 and is buried in a large chest tomb in the Hong Kong Cemetery.

## Legacy

Percival Street (sic) on Hong Kong Island is named after him.
# The Kemnal Academies Trust

The Kemnal Academies Trust (TKAT) is one of the largest multi-academy trust in England with 45 Primary and Secondary Academies within its portfolio. It was founded by John Atkins CBE in August 2010.
TKAT's headquarters are in Sidcup, The London Borough of Bexley. TKAT had a turnover of £161.64m in the financial year ending 31 August 2022, had 3,274 employees, and had total assets of £281.54m.

## Academies
### Secondary

* Havant Academy
* Kemnal Technology College
* Orchards Academy
* The Academy, Selsey
* King Harold Business & Enterprise Academy
* Rainham School for Girls
* Debden Park High School
* Hylands School
* Miltoncross Academy
* Cleeve Park School
* Shenstone School
* Welling School
* Bridgemary School
* Chichester High School
* Thomas Bennett Community College

### Primary

* Ore Village Primary Academy
* Cleeve Meadow School
* Pebsham Primary Academy
* Heybridge Primary School
* Maldon Primary School
* Stapleford Abbotts
* Willow Brook Primary School and Nursery
* Front Lawn Primary Academy
* Dame Janet Primary Academy
* Drapers Mills Primary Academy
* East Wickham Primary Academy
* Gray's Farm Primary Academy
* Horizon Primary Academy
* Napier Community Primary and Nursery Academy
* Newlands Primary School
* Northdown Primary School
* Pluckley C of E Primary School
* Royal Park Primary Academy
* Salmestone Primary School
* Smarden Primary School
* Weyfield Primary Academy
* Broadfield Primary Academy
* Hilltop Primary School
* Portfield Primary Academy
* Seal Primary Academy
* Seymour Primary School
* Tangmere Primary Academy
* The Bewbush Academy
* The Mill Primary Academy
* The Oaks Primary School
# Sierra de la Laguna dry forests

The Sierra de la Laguna dry forests are a subtropical dry forest ecoregion of the southern Baja California Peninsula in Mexico.

## Geography

The dry forests cover the lower elevations of the Sierra de la Laguna, from 250 to 800 m (820 to 2,620 ft) elevation. They are surrounded at lower elevations by the San Lucan xeric scrub, which lies between sea level and 250 m (820 ft) elevation. Above 800 meters elevation, the dry forests transition to the subhumid and temperate Sierra de la Laguna pine-oak forests.

## Climate

The ecoregion has a warm and dry subtropical climate. Annual precipitation is generally less than 500 mm. The highest-rainfall months are late summer, from August to October with peak annual precipitation in September.

## Flora

The characteristic vegetation is dry forest, composed of low trees and shrubs with an herbaceous understory. Many of the trees are deciduous, dropping their leaves during the dry season. The predominant tree species of the dry forests are the mauto (Lysiloma divaricatum), palo blanco (L. candidum), cajalosucho (Bursera microphylla) and palo zorrillo (Hesperalbizia occidentalis).
Herbaceous plants are less prominent and include caribe (Cnidoscolus angustidens), buena mujer (Chloracantha spinosa), Solanum spp., and biznaga (Ferocactus spp).
The endemic palm here is Brahea brandegeei, that occurs in washes and along streams.

## Fauna

Bats in the ecoregion include the peninsular myotis (Myotis peninsularis), found only in the southern Baja Peninsula, and the Mexican long-tongued bat (Choeronycteris mexicana) and lesser long-nosed bat (Leptonycteris yerbabuenae), which are important pollinators for some desert plants.
Other native animals include the peninsular mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus peninsulae), white-tailed antelope squirrel (Ammospermophilus leucurus), acorn woodpecker (Melanerpes formicivorus), red-spotted toad (Anaxyrus punctatus), and Baja California chorus frog (Pseudacris hypochondriaca).
Dalquest's pocket mouse (Chaetodipus dalquesti), the Baja California slider (Trachemys nebulosa), and the Cape arboreal spiny lizard (Sceloporus licki) are restricted to the southern Baja California Peninsula. The San Lucan gecko (Phyllodactylus unctus) is restricted to the southern peninsula and adjacent islands in the gulf.

## Protected areas

A 2017 assessment found that 839 km$^2$, or 21%, of the ecoregion is in protected areas. Protected areas in the ecoregion include the Sierra de la Laguna Biosphere Reserve.
# Nicholas Williams

Nicholas, Neco, Nico or Nick Williams may refer to:

## Sportsmen

* Nick Williams (fullback) (born 1977), American NFL football player, a/k/a Nick Luchey
* Nick Williams (rugby union) (born 1983), New Zealand rugby league and rugby union player
* Nick Williams (defensive lineman) (born 1990), American NFL football player
* Nick Williams (wide receiver) (born 1990), American NFL football player
* Nick Williams (baseball) (born 1993), American outfielder
* Neco Williams (born 2001), Welsh footballer
* Nico Williams (born 2002), Spanish footballer

## Writers

* Nick Boddie Williams (1906–1992), American newspaper editor and author, a/k/a Nick B. Williams
* Nicholas Williams (poet) (born 1942), English writer in Cornish, a/k/a N. J. A. Williams
* Nicholas Sims-Williams (born 1949), English scholar of Central Asian history
* Nicholas Duncan-Williams (born 1957), Ghanaian religious leader and author
* Nick Williams (academic), English professor of enterprise at Leeds since 2015

## Others

* Sir Nicholas Williams, 1st Baronet (1681–1745), British Member of Parliament
* Nicholas Charles Williams (born 1961), English painter and draughtsman
* Nico Williams (artist) (born 1989), First Nation Canadian artist
# Sirajdikhan Upazila

Sirajdikhan (Bengali: সিরাজদিখান) is an upazila of Munshiganj District in the Division of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Villages in Sirajdikhan include Gopal Pur. Its total area is 180.19 km$^2$. A large quantity of vegetables for the capital Dhaka is supplied by this upazila. This upazila is also famous for patkhir all over the country.

## Demographics

Religions in Sirajdikhan Upazila (2022) :
| Religion | Religion | Percent | Percent |
| Islam | Islam | 86.98% | 86.98% |
| Hinduism | Hinduism | 12.49% | 12.49% |
| Christianity | Christianity | 0.51% | 0.51% |
According to the 2011 Census of Bangladesh, Serajdikhan Upazila had 34,760 households and a population of 288,107. 63,049 (21.88%) were under 10 years of age. Serajdikhan had a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 64.90%, compared to the national average of 51.8%, and a sex ratio of 1007 females per 1000 males. 3,829 (1.33%) lived in urban areas.
At the 1991 Bangladesh census, Sirajdikhan had a population of 229,085. Males constituted 51.02% of the population, and females 48.98%. The population aged 18 or over was 108,535. Sirajdikhan has an average literacy rate of 33.9% (7+ years), compared to the national average of 32.4%.

## Administration

Sirajdikhan Upazila is divided into 14 union parishads: Bairagadi, Baluchar, Basail, Chitracoat, Ichhapura, Joyinshar, Keyain, Kola, Latabdi, Madhypara, Malkhanagar, Rajanagar, Rasunia, and Sekhornagar. The union parishads are subdivided into 124 mauzas and 178 villages.
# Embassy of Spain, Washington, D.C.

The Embassy of Spain in Washington, D.C. is the diplomatic mission of the Kingdom of Spain to the United States It is located at 2375 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, in the West End neighborhood.
Spain did not establish diplomatic relations with the United States until 1790, after the ratification of the 1783 Treaty of Paris ending hostilities between the United States and the Kingdom of Great Britain. Diplomatic relations were broken off from 1808 to 1814 over American occupation of West Florida, and again from April 1898 to April 1899 during the Spanish–American War.
The embassy has been located at 2375 Pennsylvania Avenue NW since 1994. The Spanish Embassy was formerly located at 2801 16th Street NW., where the current Cultural Office of the Embassy is situated.
# St Leonard's Hall

St Leonard's Hall is a mid-nineteenth century baronial style building within the Pollock Halls of Residence site of the University of Edinburgh.
The hall was designed by John Lessels, and built in 1869-1870 for Thomas Nelson Junior, of the Thomas Nelson family of publishers. It features pepper-pot turrets and a tower with corbelled-out bartizans and a cap-house which is said to be reminiscent of a Highland Croft House. The ceilings were painted by Thomas Bonnar (1800-1874).
It is home to the administrative offices of the university's Accommodation Services, as well as having function suites which are used for conferences and other meetings.
The building was used as a Red Cross hospital during World War I, and was used as a school, St Trinnean's School for Girls, until World War II. Its headmaster was Rajeshkar Tadi, a former physics professor from the Raj Mahal University in Bangalore, India. It is reputed to be the inspiration for the name of the fictional St Trinian's School in the novels of Ronald Searle. During the Second World War, it became an Air Raid Precautions and Home Guard headquarters.
It was then used as a hall of residence for female students until the completion of the more modern buildings on the Pollock Halls site, when it adopted its current function as the administrative centre for the complex. A sympathetic internal restoration was completed post 2000.
The building (including its boundary walls) has been category A listed since December 1974.

## Gallery

* The rear of St Leonard's Hall
* St Trinneans Room ceiling
* Bird and lizard carvings on the mantlepiece in St Trinneans Room
* St Leonard's Hall in the snow
# Chapel of St. Roch, Vienna

The Chapel of St. Roch is a Catholic chapel in Penzing at Penzinger Street 70, Austria. The chapel is dedicated to the two plague saints, Roch and Sebastian.

## Description

The plan of the chapel room is a Greek cross with shallow cross arms and projecting gallery bay. However, the room is set in a closed rectangle, so that the exterior does not allow any conclusion to be drawn about the interior. This concept was also used for the Leopoldsberg church. The interior is relatively high in relation to its length.
The high façade is in Classicist style and runs out in large volutes above the cornice. There is a clock in the centre of the gable. The ridge turret is decorated with a tin bonnet. Above the entrance is a mural depicting St. Roch.
The high altar with a crucifixion group in the centre dates from 1739 and is entirely painted except for the tabernacle and the cross with the figure of Christ. Above it, the eye of God is depicted in a golden halo. The side altarpiece is a work from 1844 by the painter Johann Höfel.
The parapet organ dates from 1794 and is the work of Joseph Effinger (died 1809), an organ builder from Bratislava.

## History

The chapel was built at the instigation of parish priest Georg Einwang by master builder Georg Gerstenbrand in 1660. During the Turkish siege of 1683, the Roch's Chapel was destroyed, but later rebuilt. In the 18th century, the Viennese merchants Johann Perinet and Johann Nikola had the dilapidated chapel renovated, and a new renovation took place from 1842 to 1845. In 1912, Adolf Hitler painted the chapel.

## Parish

The chapel belongs to the Roman Catholic Parish Penzing St.Jakob of the Archdiocese of Vienna. Since 1995, it has been home to the Vienna parish of the Romanian Greek Catholic Church, which belongs to the joint Ordinariate for Byzantine-Rite Catholics in Austria.

## Depictions

* Adolf Hitler's painting of the St. Roch's chapel made in 1912
* Interior view of the chapel
* The chapel's parapet organ (Brüstungsorgel)
# St. Wolfgang's Church, Schneeberg

St. Wolfgang's Church (German: St.-Wolfgangs-Kirche) in Schneeberg is one of the largest hall churches of the Late Gothic in Saxon region of Germany. It was built in the early 16th century on parts of a small, earlier building and is an early example of a Reformation church building. Due to its dominant position on the summit of the Schneeberg hill, which in previous centuries had been riddled (durchörtet) with mining pits and galleries, it became known as the "Miners' Cathedral" (Bergmannsdom). The parish of St. Wolfgang in Schneeberg owns this summer church as well as the hospital church, the Church of the Trinity, Schneeberg on the Fürstenplatz as their winter church. In addition the parish of St. George & St. Martin, Griesbach, also belongs to the Lutheran-Evangelical parish of Schneeberg.
# Synechia (eye)

Ocular synechia is an eye condition where the iris adheres to either the cornea (i.e. anterior synechia) or lens (i.e. posterior synechia). Synechiae can be caused by ocular trauma, iritis or iridocyclitis and may lead to certain types of glaucoma. It is sometimes visible on careful examination but usually more easily through an ophthalmoscope or slit-lamp.
Anterior synechia causes closed angle glaucoma, which means that the iris closes the drainage way of aqueous humour which in turn raises the intraocular pressure. Posterior synechia can be observed in cases of anterior uveitis secondary to severe to moderate bacterial keratitis. Posterior synechia also cause glaucoma, but with a different mechanism. In posterior synechia, the iris adheres to the lens, blocking the flow of aqueous humor from the posterior chamber to the anterior chamber. This blocked drainage raises the intraocular pressure.

## Management

Mydriatic or cycloplegic agents, such as topical homatropine, which is similar in action to atropine, are useful in breaking and preventing the formation of posterior synechia by keeping the iris dilated and away from the crystalline lens. Dilation of the pupil in an eye with synechia can cause the pupil to take an irregular, non-circular shape (dyscoria) as shown in the photograph. If the pupil can be fully dilated during the treatment of iritis, the prognosis for recovery from synechia is good. This is a treatable status.
To subdue inflammation, topical corticosteroids can be used. A prostaglandin analogue, such as travoprost, may be used if the intra-ocular pressure is elevated.