# Stefan Kutzsche

Stefan Kutzsche (born 15 April 1954) is a Norwegian paediatrician, neonatologist and anaesthesiologist. His research fields include neonatology and neuroscience, medical ethics, education, and the history of medicine, especially child healthcare.

## Background and career

He was born in Frankfurt to a Norwegian mother and a German father, a physician and bacteriologist, and is a grandson of the mathematician Theodor Haagaas and a great-grandson of the girls' education pioneers Bernhard and Henriette Pauss. He graduated as a medical doctor at the University of Hamburg in 1983 and obtained a PhD (dr.med.) degree in neonatology from the University of Oslo in 2002. He is double board certified in paediatrics and anaesthesiology. He also holds an MHA in health administration and health economics from the University of Oslo (2006), an MSc in health professions education from the University of Maastricht (2011), and a certificate in paediatric bioethics from the Children's Mercy Bioethics Centre in Kansas City, MO (2013).
He was a resident at Vestfold Hospital, Akershus University Hospital, and Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (1985–1991). From 1994 to 2005 he was a senior consultant paediatric anaesthesiologist at Ullevål. He was an assistant professor at the Institute of Clinical Medicine at the University of Tromsø (1993) and a research fellow at the Pediatric Research Institute/the Institute for Surgical Research at the University of Oslo/The National Hospital (1994–1998). From 2000 to 2005 he was a senior consultant in paediatric intensive care medicine at Ullevål, heading the department 2001–2002. From 2005 to 2014 he was a senior consultant neonatologist at Ullevål. He also served with No. 330 Squadron of the Royal Norwegian Air Force in Banak on search and rescue (SAR) and air ambulance missions in northernmost Norway and the waters of the High North 1993–2005. He was chief physician at the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation 2008–2009. From 2014 to 2018 he was an associate professor at the International Medical University (IMU) in Kuala Lumpur, and from 2016 to 2018 the director of the IMU Centre for Education. He has also taken part in voluntary work for the Angkor Hospital for Children in Cambodia. In 2019 he became a special advisor at Oslo University Hospital.
He has been a member and chairman of the Board for Licensing Matters and Foreign Medical Practitioners in Norway (1998–2007), a board member of the Norwegian Society of Pediatricians and editor of its journal Paidos (2009–2014), a member of the Norwegian specialty committee for pediatrics, and a member of the clinical ethics committee at Oslo University Hospital (2012–2014). He is an advisory member of the IMU Centre for Bioethics and Humanities. He is a member of the editorial committee of Acta Paediatrica.

## Research

He has published over thirty papers in medical journals, in the fields of neonatology and neuroscience, medical ethics, medical education, and the history of medicine, especially the history of child healthcare. In particular, he has collaborated with Ola Didrik Saugstad in research on secondary brain injury in newborn infants as a result of perinatal asphyxia and resuscitation with 100% oxygen or normal air. This research, which he and other members of Saugstad's research group conducted, contributed to the amendment of international guidelines for newborn resuscitation in 2010. He has published papers in Pediatrics, Pediatric Research, Biology of the Neonate, Critical Care Medicine, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Thrombosis Research, Acta Paediatrica, Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, and other journals.

## Selected publications

* Meberg, A; Kutzsche, S; Schøyen, R (1987). "Konjunktivitt i tidlig nyfødtperiode: Erfaringer fra en barselavdeling etter opphørt Credé-profylakse [Conjunctivitis in the early neonatal period: Experiences from a maternity ward after cessation of Credé's prophylaxis]". Journal of the Norwegian Medical Association. 107 (30): 2619–20, 2622. PMID 3424295.
* Kutzsche, S; Kirkeby, OJ; Rise, IR; Saugstad, OD (1999). "Effects of hypoxia and reoxygenation with 21% and 100%-oxygen on cerebral nitric oxide concentration and microcirculation in newborn piglets". Biology of the Neonate. 76 (3): 153–167. doi:10.1159/000014155. PMID 10460953. S2CID 37786756.
* Kutzsche, S; Schlichting, E; Aspelin, T; Lyberg, T (2000). "Hemodynamic changes and systemic activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis during controlled endotoxemia in pigs". Thrombosis Research. 98 (6): 517–529. doi:10.1016/S0049-3848(00)00189-4. PMID 10899351.
* Kirkeby, OJ; Kutzsche, S; Risøe, C; Rise, IR (2000). "Cerebral nitric oxide concentration and microcirculation during hypercapnia, hypoxia, and high intracranial pressure in pigs". Journal of Clinical Neuroscience. 7 (6): 531–538. doi:10.1054/jocn.2000.0788. PMID 11029235. S2CID 30013849.
* Kutzsche, S; Ilves, P; Kirkeby, OJ; Saugstad, OD (2001). "Hydrogen peroxide production in leukocytes during cerebral hypoxia and reoxygenation with 100% or 21% oxygen in newborn piglets". Pediatric Research. 49 (6): 834–842. doi:10.1203/00006450-200106000-00020. PMID 11385146.
* Kutzsche, S; Lyberg, T; Bjertnæs, LJ (2001). "Effects of adenosine on extravascular lung water content in endotoxemic pigs". Critical Care Medicine. 29 (12): 2371–3276. doi:10.1097/00003246-200112000-00021. PMID 11801842. S2CID 12747189.
* Solås, AB; Kutzsche, S; Vinje, M; Saugstad, OD (2001). "Cerebral hypoxemia-ischemia and reoxygenation with 21% or 100% oxygen in newborn piglets: effects on extracellular levels of excitatory amino acids and microcirculation". Pediatric Critical Care Medicine. 2 (4): 340–345. doi:10.1097/00130478-200110000-00011. PMID 12793938. S2CID 5675801.
* Kutzsche, S; Solås, AB; Lyberg, T; Saugstad, OD (2002). "Nitric oxide synthesis inhibition during cerebral hypoxemia and reoxygenation with 100% oxygen in newborn pigs". Biology of the Neonate. 82 (3): 197–206. doi:10.1159/000063613. PMID 12373071. S2CID 25527292.
* Kutzsche, S (2002). Effects of hypoxemia and reoxygenation on cerebral microcirculation, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide and excitatory amino acid concentrations. An experimental study in newborn pigs. Oslo: Department of Pediatric Research and Institute for Surgical Research, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo. ISBN 978-82-8072-035-1.
* Kutzsche, S; Sangolt, GK; Schistad, O; Sunde, S (2003). "Severe complications during the management of a child with late presentation of a diaphragmatic hernia". Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 47 (10): 1302–4. doi:10.1046/j.1399-6576.2003.00215.x. PMID 14616333. S2CID 8841616.
* Haukland, LU; Kutzsche, S; Hovden, IAH; Stiris, T (2013). "Neonatal seizures with reversible EEG changes after antenatal venlafaxine exposure". Acta Paediatrica. 102 (11): 524–526. doi:10.1111/apa.12375. PMID 23909790. S2CID 44456417.
* Kutzsche, S; Partridge, JC; Leuthner, SR; Lantos, JD (2013). "When Life-Sustaining Treatment Is Withdrawn and the Patient Doesn't Die". Pediatrics. 132 (5): 893–897. doi:10.1542/peds.2013-0413. PMID 24101767. S2CID 31966270.
* Kutzsche, S; Kutzsche, H; Dornan, T (2014). "What do paediatric trainees require from their clinical supervisors?". Acta Paediatrica. 103 (4): 169–172. doi:10.1111/apa.12534. PMID 24325150. S2CID 25439482.
* Wendel, K; Akkök, ÇA; Kutzsche, S (2017). "Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopaenia associated with maternal HLA antibodies". BMJ Case Reports. 2017: bcr–2016–218269. doi:10.1136/bcr-2016-218269. PMC 5534834. PMID 28679510.
* Kutzsche, S (2018). "John Langdon Down (1828–1896) – a pioneer in caring for mentally disabled patients". Acta Paediatrica. 107 (11): 1851–1854. doi:10.1111/apa.14505. PMID 30028542. S2CID 51702957.
* Khoo, EJ; Parameshwara, N; Kutzsche, S (2019). "Parents' perceptions of bedside teaching". The Clinical Teacher. 16 (3): 497–501. doi:10.1111/tct.12967. PMID 30421519. S2CID 53292617.
* Khoo, EJ; Chua, SH; Kutzsche, S (2019). "Applying educational theories into planning a psychomotor learning activity: an undergraduate neonatal resuscitation programme experience". Archivos Argentinos de Pediatría. 117 (2): e181–e187. doi:10.5546/aap.2019.eng.e181. PMID 30869503.
* Kutzsche, S; Khoo, EJ (2019). "Learning perceptions of medical students engaged in clinical teaching postings in neonatal intensive care units". The Asia Pacific Scholar. 4 (2): 32–38. doi:10.29060/TAPS.2019-4-2/OA2054.
* Kutzsche, S (2019). "The humanitarian legacy of Fe del Mundo (1911–2011) who shaped the modern child healthcare system in the Philippines". Acta Paediatrica. 108 (8): 1362–1384. doi:10.1111/apa.14842. PMID 31077455. S2CID 149454689.
* Kutzsche, S (2020). "Ernst Moro (1874–1951) was much more than the reflex that was named after him". Acta Paediatrica. 110 (2): 400–403. doi:10.1111/apa.15504. PMID 32726477. S2CID 220877525.
* Chia, CF; Nadarajah, VD; Lim, V; Kutzsche, S (2020). "Transfer of knowledge, skills and confidence from a faculty development programme for health professions educators into practice". Medical Teacher. 43 (sup1): S46–S52. doi:10.1080/0142159X.2020.1776239. PMID 32552199. S2CID 219904603.
* Kutzsche, S (2021). "Abraham Jacobi (1830–1919) and his transition from political to medical activist". Acta Paediatrica. 110 (8): 2303–2305. doi:10.1111/apa.15887. PMID 33963612. S2CID 233998658.
* Kutzsche, S (2023). "Adalbert Czerny (1863–1941) and his contribution to the fight against infant mortality". Acta Paediatrica. 112 (4): 642–644. doi:10.1111/apa.16627. PMID 36513611. S2CID 254708876.
* Kutzsche, S (2023). "Sir George Frederic Still (1868–1941) and his service to paediatrics and society". Acta Paediatrica. 112 (6): 1182–1184. doi:10.1111/apa.16713. PMID 36794644. S2CID 256900495.
* Kutzsche, S (2023). "How pioneering paediatrician Andrés Martínez Vargas (1861–1948) improved child health in Spain in the late 19th and early 20th centuries". Acta Paediatrica. 112 (11): 2276–2278. doi:10.1111/apa.16935. PMID 37543715. S2CID 260608718.
* Kutzsche, S (2024). "How Madeleine Brès (1842–1921) paved the way for female paediatricians in France". Acta Paediatrica. doi:10.1111/apa.17134. PMID 38279006. S2CID 267268573.
* Kutzsche, S (2024). "How Nil Filatov (1847–1902) influenced the evolution of Russian paediatrics in the 19th century". Acta Paediatrica. doi:10.1111/apa.17148. PMID 38337155. S2CID 267578676.
* Khoo, EJ; Kutzsche, S (2024). "How Cicely Williams (1893–1992) accelerated progress in maternal and child health during the 20th century". Acta Paediatrica. doi:10.1111/apa.17251. PMID 38644646. S2CID 269291966.
* Kutzsche, S; Nalliah, S (2024). "Charles West (1816–1898): Pioneering paediatrician and midwifery advocate in 19th century medicine". Acta Paediatrica. doi:10.1111/apa.17476. PMID 39450779. S2CID 273588116.
* Kutzsche, S; Nalliah, S (2024). "Peter MacNaughton Dunn (1929–2021) energised paediatric medicine in the 20th and 21st centuries through linking effective partnerships in perinatal care". Acta Paediatrica. doi:10.1111/apa.17505. PMID 39540309.
* Kutzsche, S; Coombes, AGA (2024). "Arvo Ylppö (1887–1992) made a leading contribution to Finland's achievements in child healthcare in the 20th century". Acta Paediatrica. doi:10.1111/apa.17447. PMID 39373175. S2CID 273179990.