OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Johann Michael Sattler

Johann Michael Sattler (28 September 1786, Herzogenburg – 28 September 1847, Mattsee) was an Austrian portrait and landscape painter, best known for his large-scale panoramas.

## Life and work

He began his studies in 1804, at the Academy of Fine Arts, Vienna, where his primary instructor was Hubert Maurer. Initially, he worked as a portrait painter. In 1816, he married Anna Maria Kittenberger, Maurer's foster daughter. Three years later, he moved to Salzburg. In 1824, he was commissioned to paint a portrait of Emnperor Francis II, who was there on a visit. He was so impressed by Sattler's talent and the beauty of the city, that he expressed a desire to see Salzburg with its romantic surroundings presented as a panorama.
That same year, he began making sketches. It was completed in 1829, with the assistance of Friedrich Loos and Johann Josef Schindler [de], and covered 125 square meters (app. 1,345 sq.ft.). He was named an honorary citizen in appreciation. This was followed by an extended tour throughout Europe, accompanied by his wife and two children, "with 30 tons and crossing approximately 30,000 kilometres of land and water, a feat no one had ever done before me and one which would be difficult to repeat in the future". It was shown until 1839, and made a significant contribution to the tourism industry in Salzburg.
His son, Hubert, donated the panorama to the city of Salzburg in 1870. It was set up in a specially designed pavilion at the Kurgarten [de] in 1875. Later, it was moved to the Salzburg Museum and was severely damaged when the building was destroyed during World War II. Today, it may be seen at the Panorama Museum Salzburg [de], which contains several panoramas by Sattler and his son.
# Zambia one hundred kwacha note

The one hundred kwacha note of Zambia is a denomination of the Zambian currency. The current paper note, first issued in 2013, features the Freedom Statue in Lusaka, the issuing authority of legal tender currency in Zambia. In the middle there is the National Assembly; the face value of the banknote is shown in words in the lower left corner, and in numerals in the other three corners, and the new printer imprint of Giesecke & Devrient at the lower right corner. There is also a buffalo on the reverse. The obverse features the African fish eagle, which is considered as the primary recognition of the Zambian banknote, together with the country's coat of arms, the signature of the Bank of Zambia Governor and obligation to pay the sum indicated on the banknote, and the face value of the specified banknote and the baobab tree. It is the highest denomination of banknote issued by the Bank of Zambia since January, 2013 when the currency was redenominated, as described in the next section.

## Redenomination of the kwacha with removal of three zeros

The old currency unit was divided by 1000, hence, removing three zeros from the preexisting K50,000, K20,000, K10,000, and K5,000. The lower denominations of K1000, K500, K100, and K50 were also divided by 1000 and the notes were replaced by 1 kwacha and 50, 10, and 5 ngwee coins respectively.

### History of the redenomination

On January 23, 2012, the Bank of Zambia proposed the redenomination of the Zambian Kwacha. These measures were required to address costs arising from the continuous devaluation of the national currency. These measures were initially approved by the government. The continuous devaluation had been a direct result of several years of high inflation rates that affected the national economy during the late decades of the 20th century, and the early years of the 21st century.
On 22 August 2012 the Bank of Zambia issued a press release stating that the changeover date for the rebased currency had been set as 1 January 2013. The parliament assented to the recommendations on November 3, 2012, and the Redomination of Currency Act (Act 8 of 2012) was enacted on December 3, 2012.
# Arctostaphylos nortensis

Arctostaphylos nortensis, common name Del Norte manzanita, is a shrub narrowly endemic to the mountains along the Oregon/California state line. It has been reported from only 3 counties: Del Norte County, California; and Curry and Josephine Counties in Oregon. The plant grows in chaparral and open forests at elevations of 400–600 m (1,300–2,000 ft), occasionally on serpentine.

## Description

Arctostaphylos nortensis is a shrub up to 5 m (16 ft) tall, bearing racemes of white flowers. It is distinguished from other species in the region by the long hairs on its twigs, flowers and fruits.
# Glenborrodale

Glenborrodale (Scottish Gaelic: Gleann Bhorghdail) is a coastal community on Loch Sunart in the south of the Ardnamurchan peninsula in the Highland area of Scotland.
It gives its name to a Royal Society for the Protection of Birds' reserve in the nearby oakwoods.
In May 1746, following the Jacobite rising of 1745 two French supply ships were attacked off Glenborrodale by three ships of the Royal Navy.
Glenborrodale Castle was built circa 1902 as a guest house by Charles Rudd, the main business associate of Cecil Rhodes. A later owner was Kenneth Mackenzie Clark (1868–1932), of Sudbourne Hall in Suffolk, a wealthy Scottish industrialist whose fortune derived from cotton thread manufacturing conducted by the family firm of Clark & Co Ltd, of Paisley, and the father of the art historian Kenneth Clark, 1st Baron Clark (1903-1983). Clark bought Rudd's 75,000 acre Ardnamurchan estate, together with its two houses built by Rudd, namely Glenborrodale Castle (used for deer stalking) and Sheilbridge (used for salmon fishing). The Clarks used Sheilbridge and let Glenborrodale to "a grim old Scottish financier named Fleming". Another later owner was Jesse Boot, 1st Baron Trent, the proprietor of the Boots chain of chemist shops. The grounds of Glenborrodale include Risga and Eilean an Feidh.
When Glenborrodale castle was listed for sale in 2018, a news report indicated that it has 16 bedrooms and was built in red Dumfriesshire sandstone. It had previously operated as a small hotel and event venue. The property consists of 133 acres (54 hectares). Additional structures on the property included a gate lodge, coach house, gym, boathouse and a jetty.

## Access dispute

In 2021, an application was made to the sheriff court to prohibit access to a "historic and popular" footpath between Glenborrodale and Acharacle by the owner of Ardnamurchan Estate. It formed part of a long-standing dispute over restriction of access through a working timber yard on health and safety grounds. Objectors, including Ramblers Scotland and Highland Council, claim that blocking the long-established access route goes against both the Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003 and the Scottish Outdoor Access Code.
# Russ Jackson Award

The Russ Jackson Award is presented to the U Sports Football player best exemplifying the attributes of academic achievement, football skill, and citizenship and is named in honour of Canadian Football League Hall of Famer and former Ottawa Rough Riders and McMaster University quarterback, Russ Jackson.

## List of Russ Jackson award winners

| Year | Athlete | Team |
| 1986 | Charlie Galunic | Queen's Golden Gaels |
| 1987 | Elio Geremia | Calgary Dinos |
| 1988 | Andrew Allison | Mount Allison Mounties |
| 1989 | Jock Climie | Queen's Golden Gaels |
| 1990 | J.P. Veri | McGill Redmen |
| 1991 | J.P. Veri | McGill Redmen |
| 1992 | David Sykes | Saint Mary's Huskies |
| 1993 | David Sykes | Saint Mary's Huskies |
| 1994 | Steve Papp | McGill Redmen |
| 1995 | Ted MacLean | Saint Mary's Huskies |
| 1996 | Sean O'Neill | Carleton Ravens |
| 1997 | Sam Stetsko | Alberta Golden Bears |
| 1998 | Jean-Philippe Darche | McGill Redmen |
| 1999 | Carlo Panaro | Alberta Golden Bears |
| 2000 | Carlo Panaro | Alberta Golden Bears |
| 2001 | Josh Alexander | Wilfrid Laurier Golden Hawks |
| 2002 | Lincoln Blumell | Calgary Dinos |
| 2003 | Curt McLellan | Queen's Golden Gaels |
| 2004 | Nathan Beveridge | UBC Thunderbirds |
| 2005 | Dan Parker | Mount Allison Mounties |
| 2006 | Naim El-Far | Ottawa Gee Gees |
| 2007 | Clovis Langlois-Boucher | Sherbrooke Vert-et-Or |
| 2008 | David Hamilton | Toronto Varsity Blues |
| 2009 | Thomas Hall | Manitoba Bisons |
| 2010 | Thomas Hall | Manitoba Bisons |
| 2011 | Dillon Heap | Wilfrid Laurier Golden Hawks |
| 2012 | Zach Androschuk | Guelph Gryphons |
| 2013 | Andrew Buckley | Calgary Dinos |
| 2014 | Andrew Buckley | Calgary Dinos |
| 2015 | Curtis Carmichael | Queen's Golden Gaels |
| 2016 | Cameron Teschuk | Manitoba Bisons |
| 2017 | Nick Vanin | Western Mustangs |
| 2018 | Mackenzie Ferguson | Western Mustangs |
| 2019 | Jacob Janke | York Lions |
| 2021 | Francis Perron | Ottawa Gee-Gees |
| 2022 | Duncan Patterson | Saint Mary's Huskies |
| 2023 | Mark Rauhaus | Manitoba Bisons |
| 2024 | Ryker Frank | Saskatchewan Huskies |
# Meena Singh

Meena Singh (born 1 January 1962 in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh) is an Indian politician. She entered politics in 2008. She represented Bikramganj (Lok Sabha constituency) in 14th Lok Sabha and Arrah (Lok Sabha constituency) in the 15th Lok Sabha as a member of Janata Dal (United).

## Early life

Meena Singh was born to Naina Devi and Rameshwar Singh. She got a degree in Arts from Banaras Hindu University in 1982. Before entering into the Indian politics, she was serving her husband's constituency people and was a house wife.

## Political career

Meena Singh was first elected as MP in January 2008 by-election from Bikramganj after her husband's death, but she resigned just after 6 months because of Rahul Raj encounter. She was again elected to Arrah (Lok Sabha constituency) in 2009 from Janata Dal United. However, she lost the 16th Lok Sabha election in 2014.

## Personal life

Meena Singh married Ajit Kumar Singh, a full-time politician by profession. They have a son, Vishal Singh (born 23 January 1987), who holds a Bachelor of Business Administration from Amity Business School. Ajit Singh died in 2007.
# Jesse Jeremiah

Jesse Jeremiah is a Nauruan politician.

## Career

In the 2019 Nauruan parliamentary election, Jeremiah unsuccessfully ran for the Meneng Constituency. Out of nine candidates, Jeremiah came in fourth. In the 2022 parliamentary election, Jeremiah was successfully elected to the Parliament of Nauru, alongside Lionel Aingimea and Khyde Menke, who both won re-election. Jeremiah unseated Tawaki Lyn-Wannan Kam. On 29 September, Jeremiah was appointed to President Russ Kun's cabinet, as Deputy Minister of National Emergency Services. On 4 October, he was appointed Deputy Minister for Sports.
On 15 November 2022, Jeremiah was part of the Nauruan delegation during President Kun's first state visit to Taiwan.
In November 2022, Jeremiah competed in the Oceania Powerlifting Championships.
After President David Adeang was sworn in on 31 October 2023, Jeremiah was made Minister for Infrastructure, Commerce, Industry and Environment (CIE), National Emergency Services, and Sports and Sports Development Inc.
# William Hay, 3rd Earl of Erroll

William Hay, 3rd Earl of Erroll PC (c. 1449 – 14 January 1507) was a Scottish peer. He was the third Earl of Erroll and the fourth Lord Hay of Erroll.

## Biography

William Hay was the son of William Hay, 1st Earl of Erroll and his wife, Beatrix, daughter of James Douglas, 7th Earl of Douglas. He was the great-great grandson of King Robert II of Scotland and his first wife, Elizabeth Mure.
He inherited the earldom after the death of his older brother, Nicholas, in 1470.
He was a member of the King James III's Privy Council and a commissioner for the 1482 peace treaty with England.

## Marriage and issue

He married first Lady Isabel Gordon, daughter of George Gordon, 2nd Earl of Huntly and Princess Annabella of Scotland, daughter of King James I of Scotland. They had three sons and one daughter:
* William Hay, 4th Earl of Erroll, killed with his brother at the Battle of Flodden, 9 September 1513. He married Christian Lyon, daughter of John Lyon, 3rd Lord Glamis, and had issue:
** William Hay, 5th Earl of Erroll
* Thomas Hay of Logie, killed at Flodden. He married Margaret Logie, daughter of Lyon Logie of that Ilk, and had issue:
** George Hay, 7th Earl of Erroll
** Beatrix Hay
* John Hay
* Lady Beatrix Hay, contracted to marry eldest son of Sir William Keith of Inverugie
He married secondly Lady Elizabeth Leslie, daughter of George Leslie, 1st Earl of Rothes. They had two sons and one daughter:
* John II Hay
* William Hay of Lesk
* Lady Elizabeth Hay, married David Lindsay, 8th Earl of Crawford
# If I Were Boss

If I Were Boss may refer to:
* If I Were Boss (1938 film), a British drama film
* If I Were Boss (1934 film), a French comedy film
# Liam Walsh (rugby league)

Liam Walsh (12 September 1998 – 19 September 2021) was a professional rugby league footballer who played as a second-row forward for the Widnes Vikings in the Championship.
In 2017 he made his Super League début for Widnes against the Leeds Rhinos.
He died on 19 September 2021, aged 23, after being hit by the driver of a car in Widnes around 11.52pm on Saturday 18 September.
# Segula Island

Segula Island (Aleut: Chiĝulax̂) is an island in the Rat Islands archipelago of the western Aleutian Islands, Alaska. It consists of a Holocene stratovolcano called Segula Volcano.
Segula Island is three to four miles in diameter and is located about 15 miles (24 km) east of Kiska Island. The island supports a large auklet colony, one of only nine in the Aleutian Island chain.

## Climate

Along with the other Rat Islands, Segula Island has a cool, wet, marine climate. Frequently, it snows from October to May off and on. The Rat Islands also lie in the path of major Pacific storms bringing winds of up to 100 miles (161 km) per hour.

## Wildlife

Segula hosts vegetation typical to the Aleutian Islands, largely moss, lichens, and heath, in addition to sedges, grass, fungi, various herbs, fern, and flowering plants such as Narcissus anemone, lupines, and orchids.
# Mala Rajya Laxmi Shah

Mala Rajya Laxmi Shah (born 23 August 1950) is a political and social worker, Member of Parliament elected from the Tehri Garhwal constituency in the Indian state of Uttarakhand being a Bhartiya Janata Party Leader and titular queen of erstwhile Tehri Garhwal kingdom which merged to India.

## Early life and education

Mala Rajya Laxmi was born on 23 August 1950 at the Thapathali Durbar, Kathmandu, Nepal. She married Manujendra Shah Sahib Bahadur, Maharaja of Tehri Garhwal, on 7 February 1975 and has a daughter, Kshirya Kumari Devi (b. in 1976 in New Delhi).
Mala is an Intermediate and studied at Convent of Jesus and Mary, Pune and Ratna Rajya Laxmi College, Kathmandu.

## Career

She was elected to the 15th Lok Sabha in a by-election and is a Member, BJP State Parliamentary Board in Uttarakhand. She defeated Saket Bahuguna son of Vijay Bahuguna, then chief minister of Uttarakhand and a candidate of Indian National Congress by a margin of over 22,000.
Mala Rajya Laxmi Shah is the daughter-in-law of erstwhile Tehri royal family scion Manabendra Shah, who represented the seat in Lok Sabha a record eight times. She is the first woman elected to Lok Sabha from the state since its creation as a separate state on 9 November 2000.
# Kamla Devi Patle

Kamla Devi Patle (born 5 May 1966) is an Indian politician. She was a Member of Parliament, representing the Janjgir (Lok Sabha constituency) in the state of Chhattisgarh. She was elected to the 15th Lok Sabha in 2009 by defeating Dr. Shivkumar Dahariya of Indian National Congress by 87,211 votes and got re-elected to 16th Lok Sabha in 2014.
# Sushmita Dev

Sushmita Dev (born 25 September 1972) is an Indian politician and member of Rajya Sabha from West Bengal, and belongs to the All India Trinamool Congress. Previously, she was elected to the Lok Sabha, lower house of the Parliament of India from Silchar, Assam in the 2014 Indian general election as a member of the Indian National Congress. She is the former president of All India Mahila Congress. She lost the 2019 Lok Sabha Election to BJP candidate Rajdeep Roy, which led her to resign from Indian National Congress and to join the All India Trinamool Congress in 2021.
She currently serves as the national spokesperson of the All India Trinamool Congress.

## Early life

Dev is the daughter of the veteran Indian National Congress leader Santosh Mohan Dev and her mother is Bithika Dev, a legislator of Silchar of Assam assembly. Her father was a member of parliament and cabinet minister of India.
She holds a B.A.(Hons.) from Miranda House, Bar-at-Law, an LLB (Corporate and Commercial Laws) from University of Delhi. She enrolled at Inns of Courts School of Law, London and King's College London, UK.
# M. Vasanthi

M. Vasanthi is an Indian politician and was a Member of Parliament elected from Tamil Nadu. She was elected to the Lok Sabha from Tenkasi constituency as an Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate in 2014 election. Her husband, S. Murugesan was elected from the same constituency in 1998 and 1999 elections as All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate.

## Elections Contested
### Lok Sabha Elections

| Elections | Constituency | Party | Result | Vote percentage | Opposition Candidate | Opposition Party | Opposition vote percentage |
| 2014 | Tenkasi | AIADMK | Won | 42.31 | Dr.K. Krishnasamy | PT | 26.19 |
# Gurab-e Sofla, Dehloran

Gurab-e Sofla (Persian: گوراب سفلي) is a village in Gurab Rural District of Sarab Meymeh District, Dehloran County, Ilam province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Ethnicity

The village is populated by Kurds.

### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 332 in 59 households, when it was in Seyd Nasr ol Din Rural District of Zarrinabad District. The following census in 2011 counted 338 people in 75 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 307 people in 82 households, by which time the village had been separated from the district in the formation of Sarab Meymeh District. Gurab-e Sofla was transferred to Gurab Rural District created in the new district. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
# Michael Tolaydo

Michael Tolaydo (born 23 July 1946), also as Michael Ellis-Tolaydo, is a Kenyan actor particularly active in American theater.

## Career

He was born on 23 July 1946 in Nairobi, Kenya. He started his acting career in theater productions. In his first theater play, he played as one of the policemen in a school production of Arsenic and Old Lace. Then he has been part of several of Motti Lerner's plays directed by Sinai Peter. He permanently moved to DC from NYC in the early 1980s.
He has been nominated for a supporting actor Helen Hayes Award and later received one for ensemble acting. His most notable theater plays include" Equus, The Night Alive, Tribes, Privates on Parade, and Blue Heart. He also acted in the plays, The Admission, Apples from the Desert and New Jerusalem. He was again nominated for the Helen Hayes Award for supporting actor for his role in New Jerusalem. In later years, he continued to dominate in the theater with the plays, The Accident, Benedictus, and The Pangs of the Messiah, Heroes in which he won Helen Hayes Award for Ensemble Acting.
Apart from acting, he is also a Professor Emeritus of Theater, Film, and Media Studies at St. Mary's College of Maryland. After 29 years of teaching career, he retired in May 2016.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role | Genre | Ref. |
| 1976 | The Time of Your Life | Drunkard | TV movie | |
| 2005 | Triumph at Carville a Tale of Leprosy in America | Narrator | Documentary | |
# Isaac Van Zandt

Isaac Van Zandt (July 10, 1813 – October 11, 1847) was a political leader in the Republic of Texas. Van Zandt County, Texas, was named in his honor.

## Early life

Van Zandt was born on July 10, 1813, in Franklin County, Tennessee, to Jacob and Mary Isaacs Van Zandt. The Van Zandt family had migrated to America from the Netherlands prior to the American Revolutionary War.

## Career

Van Zandt went into a joint business venture with his father by opening a store. Van Zandt later moved to Coffeeville, Mississippi, where he opened his own store. After experiencing financial difficulties after the depression of 1837, Van Zandt became interested in a debate society which enabled him to use his natural talent for public speaking. This spurred an interest in law and within a year he was a member of the Mississippi bar.
Van Zandt came to the Republic of Texas in 1838 and settled in Elysian Fields in what was then Panola County. In 1839 he moved to what is now Marshall, Texas.
Van Zandt was the representative of Harrison County in the House of Representatives of the Republic of Texas from 1840 until 1842, when Sam Houston appointed him Republic of Texas Chargé d'Affaires in Washington, D.C. In 1841 Van Zandt donated land, along with Peter Whetestone, to create a county seat for Harrison County. Van Zandt named the new city in honor of the Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court John Marshall. As the Republic of Texas ambassador to the United States Van Zandt was instrumental in crafting the Annexation Treaty of the Republic of Texas to the U.S.
Van Zandt returned to Texas in 1845 to serve as a delegate to the Texas state constitutional convention.

## Personal life, death and legacy

Van Zandt married Frances Lipscomb in 1833.
Van Zandt died during a yellow fever epidemic in Houston while campaigning for governor in 1847. The Van Zandt family donated their plantation as the site for the College of Marshall (now East Texas Baptist University) in 1912. In 1936, a memorial was constructed in Canton, the seat of Van Zandt County. Van Zandt was the father of Texas politician and businessman K. M. Van Zandt, and his sister Ida Van Zandt Jarvis, a generous benefactor and the first female trustee of Texas Christian University (TCU). Isaac was also the 2x great grandfather of Meredith Attwell Baker, and the 3x great grandfather of country music songwriter and performer Townes Van Zandt.
# The Murder

"The Murder" is a cue in the cinematic score written and composed by Bernard Herrmann for the horror-thriller film Psycho (1960) directed by Alfred Hitchcock. The score, its second movement in particular, is well recognized as one of the most famous scores in film history. It's composed for an original orchestra's string section.

## Psycho's shower scene

The cue was composed for the famous "shower scene", the murder of Janet Leigh's character, Marion Crane. Hitchcock originally wanted the sequence (and all motel scenes) to play without music, but Herrmann insisted he try it with the cue he had composed. Afterward, Hitchcock agreed that it vastly intensified the scene, and he nearly doubled Herrmann's salary.

## Movements

The score is divided into three main movements:

### 1st Movement

The first movement of the score is made up of multiple runs, trills, and short, staccato stabs played agitato. While there is no direct melody, the fast-paced runs constantly switch around between the keys of F, F#, C#, and D, with a few sections played in G. A notable feature that Herrmann implemented is the use of alternating eighth-note semitones to create a sense of approaching and imminent danger. John Williams made this technique famous 15 years later in his score for Steven Spielberg's Jaws (1975). The movement ends with a high Bbm9 chord that crescendoes to an abrupt fermata cutoff.

### 2nd Movement

The second movement is the most recognizable piece of the score: directly after the first movement's fermata, a lone first violin launches directly into a series of discordant, screechy glissandos before being joined by the rest of the string section. This pattern is repeated twice, albeit the second set of glissandos is notated somewhat differently. The movements ends with another fermata.

### 3rd Movement

The cello and contrabass start the third movement with long, low, drawn out dotted half-notes that are answered with minute, staccato stabs from the rest of the string section. The half-notes alternate between E and F 3 three times before going down to C.