OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vipw

vipw is a small computer program which enables a Unix system administrator to safely and securely edit user or group-related files while setting a proper lock to prevent other users from modifying them until they are saved by the current user.
The following is the list of user and group files that can be modified by the vipw utility.
* “/etc/passwd“: User account information.
* “/etc/shadow“: Secure user account information.
* “/etc/group“: Group account information.
* “/etc/gshadow“: Secure group account information.
This way, you can edit the system files securely using your favorite editor set to the $VISUAL or $EDITOR environment variable, instead of accessing them directly from the CLI editor like GNU Nano or VIM, which is insecure.
# Carlo Pedretti

Carlo Pedretti (6 January 1928 – 5 January 2018) was an Italian art historian. In his lifetime, he was considered one of the world's leading experts on the life and works of Leonardo da Vinci. He was a professor of art history and Armand Hammer Chair in Leonardo Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles from 1960 until his retirement in 1993.

## Life

Carlo Pedretti was born in Bologna. By his 13th birthday Pedretti had taught himself to write left handed and read backwards as did Leonardo. Pedretti's first articles about Leonardo were published in 1944 at the age of 16.
From 1960 until his retirement in 1993, Pedretti was a professor of art history and Armand Hammer Chair in Leonardo Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles. He was instrumental in animating the Elmer Belt Library of Vinciana. He was the author of more than 60 books and 500 essays and articles in various languages. He moved to Italy in 2013 to live in the Villa di Castel Vitoni in Lamporecchio and direct the Rossana and Carlo Pedretti Foundation. He was also a regular of the cultural pages of the Corriere della Sera and de L'Osservatore Romano. In his foreword for the book Carlo Pedretti - A Bibliography of His Work On Leonardo da Vinci and The Renaissance (1944-1984), art historian Kenneth Clark states: "[Pedretti] is unquestionably the greatest Leonardo scholar of our time..."
Pedretti died on 5 January 2018, one day before his 90th birthday.

## Honors and memberships

The honors conferred upon Pedretti in Italy and abroad included the Gold Medal for Culture of the President of the Italian Republic in 1972, and in that same year, the Congressional Citation by the United States Congress. He was awarded honorary citizenship of the cities of Arezzo (2001) and Vinci (2008) and honorary degrees from the Universities of Ferrara (1991), Urbino (1998), Milan (Catholic, 1999), and Caen (2002). He was an honorary member of the Accademia degli Euteleti in San Miniato al Tedesco and of the Accademia Raffaello in Urbino. Pedretti was a member of the Permanent Commission for the National Edition of the Manuscripts and Drawings by Leonardo da Vinci.

## Selected bibliography

C. Pedretti (ed.), Leonardo Da Vinci on Painting: A Lost Book (Libro A) (Los Angeles, 1964).
C. Pedretti, Leonardo: A Study in Chronology and Style (Los Angeles, 1973).
C. Pedretti, Leonardo: The Machines (Florence, 1999) (transl. Catherine Frost).
C. Pedretti, Leonardo & Io (2008) (Autobiography in Italian)
# Brzozowo Stare

Brzozowo Stare is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Poświętne, within Białystok County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south-west of Poświętne and 36 km (22 mi) south-west of the regional capital Białystok.
# Paul Barlow

Paul Barlow is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Richmond in the Victorian Football League (VFL) in 1988. He was recruited from the Scoresby Football Club in the Eastern District Football League (EDFL).
Paul Barlow is the Managing Director of CAR Group's Australian businesses, leading the strategy and operations of online marketplaces carsales.com.au, bikesales.com.au, boatsales.com.au, trucksales.com.au, caravanandcampingsales.com.au, constructionsales.com.au and farmmachinerysales.com.au along with Redbook Australia & Asia/Pacific (redbook.com.au).
# Graham Teasdale

Graham Teasdale (born 26 June 1955) is a former Australian rules football player who played for the Richmond Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL) between 1972 and 1975, for the South Melbourne Football Club from 1975 to 1981 and then for the Collingwood Football Club from 1982 to 1984.
While at Richmond, Teasdale played mainly in the under 19s, where he was one of the leading goalkickers, and in the reserves side. But the move to the Swans in 1975 saw him establish himself as a senior player. In his best season, 1977, Teasdale won the South Melbourne best and fairest and the Brownlow Medal with the highest score of 59 votes.
# Mohamed Berthé

Mohamed Berthé (born September 12, 1972) is a retired French professional football player. He also holds Guinean citizenship.
# Otto III, Duke of Carinthia

Otto III (c. 1265 – 25 May 1310), a member of the House of Gorizia (Meinhardiner dynasty), was Duke of Carinthia and Count of Tyrol from 1295 until his death. He ruled jointly with his younger brothers Louis and Henry VI.

## Life

Otto was a son of Duke Meinhard of Carinthia and his wife Elisabeth of Bavaria, widow of the Hohenstaufen king Conrad IV of Germany. His father was enfeoffed with the Carinthian duchy by King Rudolf I of Germany in 1286, in turn for his support of the Habsburgs against King Ottokar II of Bohemia. Otto's sister Elizabeth was married to Rudolf's son Albert of Habsburg and became German queen in 1298.
When Duke Meinhard died in 1295, his sons inherited a well-organized country, as their father had laid the foundation for an efficient administration by fostering ministeriales and creating the Tyrolean Raitbuch (internal record book). Otto signed a border treaty with the neighbouring Bishopric of Brixen, establishing the confluence of the Adige and the Avisio as the border between Tyrol and Brixen. Otto's brothers Albert (d. 1292), Louis and Henry VI were appointed Vogts of the Bishops of Trent.
Otto's brother-in-law Albert of Habsburg, elected King of the Romans in 1298, granted him several tolls. However, Otto's lavish court was a burden on his finances. Most notable of his economic policies was the expansion and securing of the market in Gries (now part of Bolzano) in 1305 competing with the market in the central town of Bolzano, which was dominated by the bishop.
Otto died in 1310 without a male heir. As his brothers Albert and Louis had already died in 1292 and 1305, respectively, he was succeeded by his youngest brother, Duke Henry VI.

## Seal

Otto's seal shows a horseman and bears the subsequent inscription in uncial script: OTTO DEI GRACIA DUX KARINTHIE TIROLIS ET GORICIE COMES AQUILEGENSIS / TRIDENTINE BRISINENSIS ECLESIARU[M] ADVOCATUS.

## Marriage and issue

In 1297 Otto married Duchess Euphemia (1281–1347), a daughter of the Silesian duke Henry V of Legnica. They had four daughters:
* Anna (c. 1300 – 1331 or 35), married Count Palatine Rudolf II;
* Elisabeth (d. c. 1352), married King Peter II of Sicily;
* Ursula (d. 1327) and
* Euphemia (d. 1329 or 39).

## Sources

* Kersken, Norbert (2021). "Poland and the Polish People in Late Medieval German Historiography". In Pleszczynski, Andrzej; Vercamer, Grischa (eds.). Germans and Poles in the Middle Ages. Brill.
* Obermair, Hannes (2005). Bozen Süd—Bolzano Nord. Schriftlichkeit und urkundliche Überlieferung der Stadt Bozen bis 1500—Scritturalità e documentazione archivistica della città di Bolzano fino al 1500. Regesten der kommunalen Bestände (in German). Vol. 1. Bozen-Bolzano: Stadtgemeinde Bozen. p. 249, No. 223. ISBN 88-901870-0-X.
* Štih, Peter (2010). The Middle Ages between the Eastern Alps and the Northern Adriatic: Select Papers on Slovene Historiography and Medieval History. Brill.
# Raúl Papaleo

Raúl Papaleo Pérez (born October 11, 1971), more commonly known as Raúl Papaleo, is a former beach volleyball player from Puerto Rico. He won the bronze medal in the men's beach team competition at the 2003 Pan American Games in Santo Domingo, partnering with Ramón Hernández.

## College

Papaleo played college volleyball at Indiana University-Purdue University at Fort Wayne. He was an AVCA All-American in 1992 and 1993. He led his team to MIVA titles in 1991 and 1992. In 2007, Papaleo was inducted into the Purdue Fort Wayne Hall of Fame.

## Beach volleyball

In 1995, Papaleo won the AVP qualifier in Denver in beach volleyball. That same year, he played in the pre-Olympic qualifier for Puerto Rico. In 1996, he was named AVP Rookie of the Year.
In the Pan American Games held in the Dominican Republic in August 2003, Raúl Papaleo and his teammate, Ramon Hernandez, won the bronze medal by defeating the U.S. team, represented by David Fischer and Brad Torsone, by 21–17 and 21–14 in 43 minutes. Raúl Papaleo and Ramon Hernandez represented Puerto Rico in the 2004 Olympics which were held in Athens. This was the first time in the history of Puerto Rico that the island was represented in beach volleyball in an Olympic competition.
Papaleo finished in second place at the 2006 NORCECA Men's Beach Volleyball Continental Championship along with Joseph Gil.
At the 2008 NORCECA Beach Volleyball Circuit, Papaleo won first place at the Carolina Beach Volleyball Tournament along with Ramón Hernández.
In his beach volleyball career, Papaleo won a total of $123,807 in prizes.

## Professional indoor volleyball

Papaleo played locally for the Caribes de San Sebastián in the Liga de Voleibol Superior Masculino of Puerto Rico.
In 2008, Papaleo was contracted by the Guaynabo Mets of the Liga de Voleibol Superior Masculino.
# Gaoshan Han

The Gaoshan Han (高山漢) are a subgroup of the Han Chinese located in Yunnan and Guizhou provinces such as in Rongjiang County of Guizhou. The culture of the Gaoshan Han is strikingly different from mainstream Han culture as they mix culture with Miao and Dong population.(400,000)
# Bierniki

Bierniki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sidra, within Sokółka County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north-east of Sidra, 21 km (13 mi) north of Sokółka, and 58 km (36 mi) north-east of the regional capital Białystok.
# Miloš Pojar

Miloš Pojar (1940 – 23 January 2012) was a Czech (and Czechoslovak prior to 1993) historian, writer and diplomat. Pojar oversaw the establishment of diplomatic relations between the former Czechoslovakia and Israel following the Velvet Revolution. He became the first Czech ambassador to Israel following the revolution. Pojar served as ambassador from 1990 until 1994. His son, Tomáš Pojar, currently serves as the Ambassador of the Czech Republic to Israel, as of February 2012.
The majority of Pojar's books and articles focused on Jewish history and themes, though the government of Communist Czechoslovakia forbid him from publishing his work from 1970 until 1990. After returning from Israel, Pojar became the director of the Jewish Museum in Prague's Educational and Cultural Center in the 1990s and a lecturer at the New York University's Prague campus.
His last book, completed shortly before his death, explored the relationship between Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk and the Jewish people.
Pojar died at a hospital in Prague on 23 January 2012 at the age of 71.
# 2013 in Indonesia

Events from the year 2013 in Indonesia

## Incumbents

| President | President | Vice President | Vice President |
| Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono | | | Boediono |

## Events
### January

* January 5 – 15: Cyclone Narelle
* January 15 – February 23: 2013 Jakarta flood

### February

* February 20: Vania Larissa has winner at Miss Indonesia and become Top 10 at Miss World to honour Indonesia country.

### March

* March 23: Cebongan Prison raid

### April

* April 13: Lion Air Flight 904

### May

* May 27: MIH Holdings confirmed that Multiply will shut down entirely on May 31.
* May 31: Multiply cease operations.

### July

* July 2: 2013 Aceh earthquake

### September

* September 28: Miss World 2013 held in Nusa Dua, Bali.

### October

* October 5–7: APEC Indonesia 2013

### November

* November: Shōnen Star's last issue is published.

### December

* December 7: The Bali Package is signed
* December 9: 2013 Bintaro train crash

## Television
### Debuted

* Minute to Win It
* The Voice Indonesia
* Yuk Keep Smile

### Ended

* Love in Paris

## Sport

* 2013 Indonesia national football team results
* 2013 Indonesia Super League
* 2013 Indonesian Premier League
* 2013 Liga Indonesia First Division
* 2013 Liga Indonesia Second Division
* 2013 MNC Cup
* 2013 Indonesian Community Shield
* 2013 AFF U-19 Youth Championship
* 2013 Islamic Solidarity Games
* 2013 Indonesia Open Grand Prix Gold
* 2013 SEABA Under-16 Championship
* 2013 Indonesia Super Series Premier
* Indonesia at the 2013 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games
* Indonesia at the 2013 Asian Youth Games
* Indonesia at the 2013 Summer Universiade
* Indonesia at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships
* Indonesia at the 2013 World Championships in Athletics
* This Indonesian history-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Say It to Me

"Say It to Me" is a song by English synth-pop duo Pet Shop Boys from their thirteenth studio album, Super (2016). It was released on 16 September 2016 as the album's fourth single. The song did not have a music video to accompany it, and was not included in the set list for their 2016 Super Tour.

## Release

"Say It to Me" was released on 16 September 2016 on CD single and in two digital bundles, including remixes by Real Lies, Tom Demac, Offer Nissim and Stuart Price, as well as two previously unreleased B-sides, "A Cloud in a Box" and "The Dead Can Dance". A twelve-inch single was released on 23 September. The cover art was a take on the album art for Super, the title centred in a circle, but designed to look like a dialogue blurb from a comic.

## Track listings

* CD single
* "Say It to Me" (new radio mix) – 3:11
* "A Cloud in a Box" – 4:09
* "The Dead Can Dance" – 2:57
* "Say It to Me" (Stuart Price alternative mix) – 3:35
* "Inner Sanctum" (Carl Craig c2 Juiced rmx) – 7:09
* Digital EP
* "Say It to Me" (new radio mix) – 3:11
* "A Cloud in a Box" – 4:09
* "The Dead Can Dance" – 2:57
* "Say It to Me" (Stuart Price alternative mix) – 3:35
* Digital single – Remixes
* "Say It to Me" (Tom Demac remix) – 7:23
* "Say It to Me" (Real Lies remix) – 5:00
* "Say It to Me" (Offer Nissim remix) – 5:00
* 12-inch single
    A1. "Say It to Me" (Real Lies Remix) – 5:00
    A2. "Say It to Me" (Tom Demac Remix) – 7:24
    B1. "Say It to Me" (Offer Nissim Mix) – 5:00
    B2. "Say It to Me" (Stuart Price alternative mix) – 3:35

## Charts

Chart performance for "Say It to Me" :
| Chart (2016) | Peak position |
| France (SNEP) | 115 |
| UK Indie (OCC) | 40 |
| UK Physical Singles (OCC) | 1 |
| US Dance Club Songs (Billboard) | 4 |
| US Dance/Electronic Digital Song Sales (Billboard) | 41 |
| US Hot Dance/Electronic Songs (Billboard) | 35 |
| US Hot Singles Sales (Billboard) | 5 |
# Grant Bartholomaeus

Grant Bartholomaeus (born 17 May 1968) is a former Australian rules footballer who represented the Sydney Swans in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1986 and 1987 seasons.
Bartholomaeus played just four games for the club before being delisted at the end of the 87 season.
# John Warden (footballer)

John Warden (born 25 August 1951) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Carlton in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# A Game of Dwarves

A Game of Dwarves is a dwarf-themed real-time strategy dungeon management game developed by Zeal Game Studio and published by Paradox Interactive in 2012-2013. A PlayStation 3 version was in development but was cancelled before release.

## Gameplay

The gameplay has been compared to the Dungeon Keeper game series.

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score |
| Metacritic | 60/100 |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| Destructoid | 6/10 |
| Gamekult | 4/10 |
| GameSpy | |
| Jeuxvideo.com | 8/20 |
| MeriStation | 6.5/10 |
| PC Gamer (UK) | 66% |
| The Escapist | |
The game received "mixed" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. Reviews of the game criticized its quality, saying A Game of Dwarves was a pale imitation of Dungeon Keeper and "astonishingly ugly".
# Lydia T. Black

Lydia T. Black (Russian: Лидия Сергеевна Блэк, romanized: Lidiya Sergeyevna Blek; December 16, 1925 – March 12, 2007) was an American anthropologist. She won an American Book Award for Russians in Tlingit America: The Battles of Sitka, 1802 And 1804. She also received a Historian of the Year award from the Alaska Historical Society.

## Life

She grew up in Kyiv. Her father was executed in 1933, and her mother died of tuberculosis in 1941. During World War II, she was sent to a German forced labor camp. After the war, in Munich, she was a janitor. She was enlisted by the Americans as a translator, at the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration displaced children's camp, since she could speak six languages. She married Igor Black, and immigrated in 1950.
She graduated from Brandeis University with a B.A., and M.A. in 1971, and University of Massachusetts Amherst with a Ph.D. in 1973. She taught at Providence College beginning in 1973. She taught at the University of Alaska Fairbanks from 1984 to 1998. She worked translating and cataloging the Russian archives of Saint Herman's Orthodox Theological Seminary, earning the Cross of St. Herman. In April 2001, she, along with fellow anthropologist and historian and close colleague Richard Pierce, historians Barbara Sweetland Smith, John Middleton-Tidwell, and Viktor Petrov (posthumous), was decorated by the Russian Federation with the Order of Friendship Medal, which they received at the Russian consulate in San Francisco.
She is buried at Kodiak City Cemetery.

## Family

She married Igor A. Black (died 1969), an engineer for NASA contractors; they had four daughters.

## Works

* Russians in Alaska, 1732-1867. University of Alaska Press. 2004. ISBN 978-1-889963-04-4.
* Nora Dauenhauer; Richard Dauenhauer; Lydia Black, eds. (2008). Russians in Tlingit America. University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0-295-98601-2.
* The journals of Iakov Netsvetov: the Yukon years, 1845-1863. Translated by Lydia T. Black. The Limestone Press. 1984. ISBN 978-0-919642-01-0.
# List of first women lawyers and judges in Nebraska

This is a list of the first women lawyer(s) and judge(s) in Nebraska. It includes the year in which the women were admitted to practice law (in parentheses). Also included are women who achieved other distinctions such becoming the first in their state to graduate from law school or become a political figure.

## Firsts in state history
### Lawyers

* First female: Ada Bittenbender (1882)
* First African American female: Zanzye H.A. Hill (1929)
* First Latino American female: Olivia Guerra (1976)

### State judges

* First (African American) female: Elizabeth Davis Pittman (1949) in 1971
* First female (district court): Betty Peterson Sharp in 1972
* First female (separate juvenile court): Colleen R. Buckley in 1973
* First female (county court): Mary Gilbride in 1992
* First female (Nebraska Court of Appeals): Lindsey Miller-Lerman in 1992
* First female (workers' compensation court): Laureen Van Norman in 1993
* First female (district court): Mary Gilbride in 1998
* First female (Nebraska Supreme Court): Lindsey Miller-Lerman in 1998
* First Hispanic American (female): Marcela A. Keim in 2011
* First Asian American (female): Riko E. Bishop in 2013 (upon her appointment to the Nebraska Court of Appeals)
* First Native American (female) (district court): Andrea Miller in 2018
* First African American female (district court): Tressa Alioth in 2021
* First Native American (female) to sit on a Nebraska Supreme Court case: Andrea Miller in 2022

### United States Attorney

* First female: Deborah Gilg in 2009

### County Attorney

* First female: Grace Ballard (1914) during the 1920s

### Nebraska Bar Association

* First female president: Amy Longo (1979) in 1999

## Firsts in local history

* Mary Gilbride: First female to serve as a county judge (1992) and district court judge (1998) in the Fifth Judicial District, Nebraska [Boone, Butler, Colfax, Hamilton, Merrick, Nance, Platte, Polk, Saunders, Seward and York Counties, Nebraska]
* Stefanie Martinez: First Latino American female to serve as a Judge of the County Court, Second Judicial District in Nebraska (2013) [Cass, Otoe, and Sarpy Counties, Nebraska]
* Karen Ditsch (1992): First female elected County Attorney in Box Butte County, Nebraska (1999-2004)
* Frances O’Linn (1891): First female lawyer in Dawes County, Nebraska
* Elizabeth Davis Pittman (1949): First African American female to graduate from the Creighton School of Law in Omaha, Nebraska (1971). She was also the first female (and African American female) appointed to deputy on the staff of the Douglas County Attorney's Office (1964). [Douglas County, Nebraska]
* Zanzye H.A. Hill (1929): First African American female law graduate from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (1929) [Lancaster County, Nebraska]
* Janice Gradwohl: First female judge in Lancaster County, Nebraska (1974). She was also the first Deputy County Attorney.
* Grace Ballard (1914): First female to serve as the County Attorney for Washington County, Nebraska (c. 1920s)