OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Marble Arch (Libya)

The Marble Arch, also Arch of the Philaeni (Italian: Arco dei Fileni), formerly known in Libya as El Gaus (i.e. "The Arch"), was a monument in Libya built during the days of Italian colonization. The arch marked the border between Tripolitania and Cyrenaica, and was located on the Via Balbia (actual Libyan Coastal Highway) near Ra's Lanuf.

## History

The arch was designed by architect Florestano Di Fausto in response to a request by the Italian Governor-General Italo Balbo. It was unveiled on 16 March 1937 in a lavish night ceremony attended by Benito Mussolini.
The arch, which was 31 meters high, with an opening 15.75 meters (51 feet 8 inches) high and 6.5 meters (21 feet 4 inches) wide, and made with travertine stone (Rome's typical building material), was located some 30 km (19 mi) west of the possible borders between Carthage and Cyrene, the locality called in Antiquity Altars of the Philaeni (Latin: Arae Philaenorum) which was located approximately halfway between Ra's Lanuf and El Agheila.
The landmark was named after the legendary Philaeni brothers of Carthage, who chose to be buried alive on that spot in order to gain this border for their home town. It bore two giant bronze statues of the brothers, represented as buried alive, surmounted by a stylised altar, mocking one of the disappeared Arae. The landmark was decorated by basreliefs which illustrated the legend.
On the arch's frontispiece was carved a Latin inscription taken from Horace's Carmen Saeculare. It read:
   Alme Sol, possis nihil urbe Roma visere maius (which translates to: "Kind Sun, may you look upon nothing greater than the city of Rome")
King Idris I of Libya had the Latin inscription translated into Arabic. The arch was reproduced in postcards and Italian Africa lottery tickets and soon became one of the symbols of Italian Libya and of the works done by the Italian Libyan colonists.
Revolutionary leader Muammar Gaddafi, who considered the landmark as a sign of the Italian domination of Libya, demolished the arch using dynamite in 1973. Another possible reason for this demolition is that the arch was a symbol of separation between two parts of Libya, Tripolitania and Cyrenaica. The two bronze statues of the Philaeni brothers and parts of the marble reliefs are now located in a small museum in Medinat Sultan, around 50 kilometres (31 mi) from Sirte.
A water tower inspired by the monument was built in 1942 in the Italian town Riozzo, and survives to the present.
# Pleshavka

Pleshavka (Russian: Плешавка) is a rural locality (a village) in Ilyinskoye Rural Settlement, Kharovsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 13 as of 2002.

## Geography

Pleshavka is located 29 km northeast of Kharovsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Zolotogorka is the nearest rural locality.
# Magnus Stuart

Magnus Stuart (born 1952) is a Swedish politician. From February 2021 to September 2022, he served as Member of the Riksdag representing the constituency of Södermanland County. He became a member after Lotta Finstorp resigned.
# Thermanaerovibrio acidaminovorans

Thermanaerovibrio acidaminovorans is a moderately thermophilic and anaerobic bacterium from the genus of Thermanaerovibrio which has been isolated from granular methanogenic sludge from Breda in the Netherlands.
# Rasik Dave

Rasik Dave (19 June 1957 – 29 July 2022) was an Indian actor working predominantly in Hindi television industry. He is best known for his role of Nanda baba, father of Krishna in B. R. Chopra's television show Mahabharat (1988). Dave was Bachelor of Laws but pursued acting as career. His first appearance was in the Gujarati film Putra Vadhu.

## Family and death

Dave was married to actress Ketki Joshi-Dave; who is daughter of actress Sarita Joshi and Gujarati theatre actor Pravin Joshi. They met in 1979 during a common play and married in 1983. They together have a daughter Riddhi Dave and son Abhishek Dave. Riddhi is also a theatre actress. Rasik Dave died on 29 July 2022 due to complications from kidney failure. He suffered since 4–5 years and was on dialysis frequently.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Genre | Language | Notes |
| | Putra Vadhu | | Film | Gujarati | 1985 Jhoothi film Hindi |
| | Mahabharat | Nanda baba | TV series | Hindi | Aired on DD National |
| 1989 | Eeshwar | Eeshwar's son | Film | Hindi | |
| 1994–95 | Tehkikaat | Various roles | TV series | Hindi | Aired on DD National |
| 1996 | Masoom | | Film | Hindi | |
| 1997 | Hasratein | Bobby Mehra | TV series | Hindi | Aired on Zee TV |
| 1997 | Byomkesh Bakshi | Inspector Ratikant Chaudhry | TV series | Hindi | Aired on DD National Episode Aag aur Patanga |
| 1998 | Alpviram | Amit Bakshi | TV series | Hindi | Aired on Sony TV |
| 1999–2000 | Ek Mahal Ho Sapno Ka | Shekhar Purushottam Nanavati | TV series | Hindi | Aired on Sony TV |
| 2006 | Nach Baliye 2 | Self | Reality TV show | Hindi | Celebrity Dance competition Aired on StarPlus |
| 2009 | Straight | Jaysukh kaka | Film | Hindi | |
| 2002 | Lipstick | Vivek | TV series | Hindi | Aired on Zee TV |
| 2013–14 | Sanskaar - Dharohar Apnon Ki | Karsandas Vaishnav | TV series | Hindi | Aired on Colors TV |
| 2014 | Piya Basanti Re | Mahesh Shah | TV series | Hindi | Aired on Sony TV |
| 2017–18 | Aisi Deewangi Dekhi Nahi Kahi | Dharam Singh Rathod | TV series | Hindi | Aired on Zee TV |
| 2018–19 | Roop - Mard Ka Naya Swaroop | Haren Patel | | Hindi | Aired on Colors TV |
| | Savdhaan India | Doctor Naik | | Hindi | Episode 1298 |
| 1985 | Jhoothi | Sunil | Film | Hindi |
# Horatio Thomas Austin

Sir Horatio Thomas Austin KCB (10 March 1800 – 16 November 1865) was a British Royal Navy officer and explorer.

## Biography

Austin was born in England on 18 March 1800, the son of an official in the Chatham Dockyard. In 1828, HMS Chanticleer was dispatched on a scientific expedition in the Pacific Ocean under the command of Captain Henry Foster, with Austin as his first lieutenant. Foster explored the South Atlantic, and especially the South Shetland Islands.
Foster drowned in 1831, in the Chagres River in Panama. After Foster's loss, the ship's command fell to Austin. On the expedition, the ship circumnavigated along the Southern Hemisphere and visited the River Plate, Isla de los Estados and South Georgia, before returning to Falmouth in 1830. During the early 1840s he commanded the steam paddle wheel frigate Cyclops.
Following the 1849 failure of Sir James Clark Ross's attempt to locate Franklin's lost expedition, Austin led an expedition in 1850 that also attempted to find the missing explorers. George F. McDougall was second master on board HMS Resolute.
Although the expedition located only traces of Franklin's presence, Austin is credited with organising successful sledging expeditions along the coasts of several North American Arctic islands, including the island of Bathurst, Byam Martin, Melville, and Prince of Wales.
Between October 1850 and March 1851, members of the Resolute crew under Austin published at least five editions of a handwritten newspaper, The Illustrated Arctic News, during the wintering of the Resolute in what they identified as Barrow Strait. Upon the return of the Resolute to home port in England, the manuscript paper was printed in London in 1852. Austin became admiral superintendent at Malta Dockyard in 1863, and died in November 1865.
Austin was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in 1840, and was promoted to Knight Commander (KCB) in March 1865 just months before his death.
# Hewa Rahimpur

Hewa Sherzad Rahimpur (born April 1993) is a Kurdish human trafficker. He was thought to have charged up to £6,000 for people on the boats, with total profits sometimes exceeding £200,000 per passage.

## Life

Hewa Sherzad Rahimpur was born in Sanandaj, Iran in April 1993. His family of Kurdish origin was poor and had many children.
# Pekhtikha

Pekhtikha (Russian: Пехтиха) is a rural locality (a village) in Kharovskoye Rural Settlement, Kharovsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 5 as of 2002.

## Geography

Pekhtikha is located 10 km northeast of Kharovsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Churilovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Linnéa Wickman

Linnéa Wickman (born 1992) is a Swedish politician. She was elected as Member of the Riksdag in September 2022. She represents the constituency of Gävleborg County. She is affiliated with the Social Democrats.
# Ulvibacter

Ulvibacter is a genus of bacteria from the family of Flavobacteriaceae.
# Stow railway station

Stow is a railway station on the Borders Railway, which runs between Edinburgh Waverley and Tweedbank. The station, situated 26 miles 45 chains (43 km) south-east of Edinburgh Waverley, serves the town of Lauder and village of Stow of Wedale in Scottish Borders, Scotland. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by ScotRail.

## History

The original station at Stow was opened by the North British Railway on 1 November 1848. Some timetables described the station as Stow for Lauder. It was closed by British Rail on 6 January 1969.
Stow station (and the line) reopened on 6 September 2015. The new construction work was undertaken by BAM Nuttall. The station has two platforms, each of which can accommodate an eight coach train.

## Services

Borders Railway :
vte :
(including Edinburgh Crossrail) :
As of the May 2023 timetable change, the station is served by a half hourly service between Edinburgh Waverley and Tweedbank. Previously some peak time trains continued to Glenrothes with Thornton. All services are operated by ScotRail.
Rolling stock used: Class 158 Express Sprinter and Class 170 Turbostar
# Manan Desai

Manan Desai is an Indian actor, comedian, and a former Radio Jockey. He is co-founder of Gujarati YouTube channel The Comedy Factory. In past, he worked as a RJ in My FM and Radio Mirchi. He was also in Indian comedy reality show Comedy Nights Bachao along with Amruta Khanvilkar. He acted in Gujarati films like Ventilator, Chor Bani Thangaat Kare, and Order Order Out Of Order.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role | Language | Other notes |
| 2016 | Be With Me | Unknown | Gujarati | Cameo |
| 2017 | Chor Bani Thangaat Kare | Shahnawaz | Gujarati | |
| 2018 | Ventilator | Ajit Bhai | Gujarati | |
| 2019 | Order Order Out Of Order | Special Appearance | Gujarati | |
| 2019 | Made in China (2019 film) | Shany Sexologist - 2 | Hindi | Cameo |
| 2022 | Vickida No Varghodo | in song "Draaksh Khati Che" | Gujarati | |
| 2023 | Bachubhai | Co-written with Chirayu Mistry | Gujarati | |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Language | Platform | Notes |
| 2014-15 | Hirji Ni Marji | Chukyo | Gujarati | ETV Gujarati | |
| 2016-17 | Comedy Nights Bachao | Mosso loso | Hindi | Colors TV | Season 1 (Episode 45th), Season 2 (All) |
| 2019 | Jestination Unknown | gendo | Hindi | Amazon Prime Video | |
| 2020 | Manan Ni Therapy | Himself | Gujarati | YouTube | Season 1 (All) |
# Marico River

The Marico River or Madikwe is a river in Southern Africa. There are a number of dams in its basin. Groot Marico town is named after the Marico River. After it is joined on its right bank by the Crocodile River it is known as the Limpopo River.

## Course

The river starts off as the Groot Marico River in the Marico Oog (Eye of Marico in Afrikaans), near Rustenburg and Swartruggens in the North West Province of South Africa. The source of the river is a large dolomitic hole in the ground with clear water, which is also a spectacular scuba diving spot. It flows northwards as the Great Marico (Groot Marico) and further downstream the smaller Klein Marico River joins forces. For a stretch it is named Madikwene River, but after the Sehubyane River (Sandsloot) joins its left bank, it reverts to the name Marico.
It continues flowing northwards, bending northeastwards and forming the border between South Africa and Botswana. Further downstream the Crocodile River joins the Marico River from the right and the name of the stream after the confluence becomes the Limpopo River. About 5 km short of the confluence the Notwane River joins the Limpopo from the southwest.

## Dams in the river basin

The Marico River is part of the Crocodile (West) and Marico Water Management Area. Dams in the river basin are:
* Molatedi Dam
* Kromellenboog Dam
* Marico-Bosveld Dam
* Uitkyk Dam
* Klein-Maricopoort Dam
* Sehujwane Dam
* Madikwe Dam
# Zurab Makiev

Zurab Makiev (Russian: Зураб Гайозович Макиев; born 30 September 1976, Tbilisi) is a Russian political figure and a deputy of the 6th, 7th, and 8th State Dumas. In 2002, Makiyev was granted a Candidate of Sciences in sociology degree.
In 2000, he worked as an executor of bailiff duties at the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania. From 2004 to 2006, Makiev served as deputy director of the Scientific Center of Legal Information at the Ministry of Justice in Moscow. In 2006, he was appointed deputy head of the Department of the Ministry of Justice for the Southern Federal District. In 2009, he held the position of first deputy director of the Finance Department of the Kostroma Oblast. From 2009 to 2012, Makiev served as deputy head of Igor Shuvalov, who at that time was the First Deputy Prime Minister of Russia. In 2014, Makiev was elected deputy of the 6th State Duma. In 2016 and 2021, he became the deputy of the 7th and 8th State Dumas, respectively.
On 24 March 2022, the United States Treasury sanctioned him in response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
# USCGC Terrell Horne

USCGC Terrell Horne (WPC-1131) is the United States Coast Guard's 24th Sentinel-class cutter. She is the third of four of her class to be homeported in Long Beach, California.

## Operational history

In October 2023, Terrell Horne completed the first high-seas boarding and inspection patrol off the coast of Peru, intended to combat illegal, unreported, or unregulated fishing in the South Pacific as part of Operation Southern Shield. During this, she assisted in a search and rescue, and brought an injured fisherman back to shore for treatment.

## Namesake

Like her sisters, she is named after a Coast Guard who distinguished themselves in the line of duty. She is named after Terrell Horne, who was killed in December 2012 while intercepting smugglers, who intentionally rammed into the boat he and other Coast Guardsmen were on, fatally wounding him. He is credited with pushing another crew member to safety before being killed.
# Obrochnaya

Obrochnaya (Russian: Оброчная) is a rural locality (a village) in Razinskoye Rural Settlement, Kharovsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 6 as of 2002.

## Geography

Obrochnaya is located 34 km north of Kharovsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Tarasovskaya is the nearest rural locality.
# Jörgen Berglund

Jörgen Berglund (born 1974) is a Swedish politician. Since September 2018, he serves as Member of the Riksdag representing the constituency of Västernorrland County. He was also elected as Member of the Riksdag in September 2022. He is affiliated with the Moderate Party.
# Roseiflexus

Roseiflexus is a genus of bacteria in the family Roseiflexaceae with one known species (Roseiflexus castenholzii).
# Sive Pekezela

Sive Ricardo Pekezela (born 3 April 1992) is a South African former footballer who played as a midfielder.

## Career

Pekezela started out playing street football in Cape Town before joining the youth ranks of Vasco Da Gama when he was 11 years old. In 2009, he joined the ASD Cape Town Academy. They went on a tour to Belgium in 2011 where he impressed enough to get picked up by Belgian club Beerschot AC. He was however let go after only one season due to the club's financial situation and returned to South Africa. During the autumn of 2012 he came to Sweden where he trialed with GIF Sundsvall, Enköpings SK and Gefle IF. In early 2013 he eventually ended up signing with Allsvenskan club Gefle IF.
# Lana Lopesi

Alana Marissa Lopesi MNZM is a New Zealand writer and critic. She has been published in multiple places in New Zealand and Australia, and has been an editor in chief at The Pantograph Punch. Her recent book Bloody Women is a series of essays which describes her experiences as a Samoan woman living in New Zealand.

## Biography

Lopesi is Samoan and is from Auckland, New Zealand and currently based in Eugene, Oregon where she is an Assistant Professor at the University of Oregon.
Lopesi has been the editor for Design Assembly, where she wrote a regular column Graphic Matters. Between 2017 and 2019 Lopesi was the Editor-in-Chief of The Pantograph Punch, a New Zealand online magazine.
In 2018, Lopesi worked with Sarah Biscarra Dilley (yak tityu tityu yak tiłhini Northern Chumash, Chicana), Freja Carmichael (Quandamooka), Léuli Lunaʻi Eshraghi (Samoa) and Tarah Hogue (Métis, Dutch Canadian) to develop The Commute, a series of exhibitions and programs at the Institute of Modern Art in Brisbane, Australia.
In 2019, tattooist Julia Mage’au Gray created some 'tatu' on Lopesi live in front of an audience at a gallery in Auckland – there was a DJ (King Kapisi). Lopesi says, "The work of Mage'au Gray is not only about tatu revival, but the body sovereignty that comes with it."
Other places Lopesi has published in New Zealand include: Metro, North and South, Paperboy, Art New Zealand, HOME Magazine, Aotearotica, Bulletin, E-Tangata and The Spinoff. She has also published in Australian publications including Un Magazine, Broadsheet, Runway, GARAGE Magazine and VICE. Lana writes as a critic on New Zealand art and culture and has been doing this since 2012. In her book Bloody Women Lopesi writes about the 'more than multiple worlds that you need to navigate' as a Samoan woman in New Zealand.
In 2021, Lopesi obtained a PhD at the Auckland University of Technology, supervised by Albert Refiti, Layne Waerea and Tina Engels-Schwarzpaul. The title of her thesis was Moana Cosmopolitan Imaginaries: Toward an Emerging Theory of Moana Art. Lopesi lectures at the School of Art and Design at Auckland University of Technology.
In the 2023 New Year Honours, Lopesi was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to the arts.

## Residencies

Lopesi has held residencies in Taipei, Taiwan and Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand.

## Works

* 2018 – False Divides, book published by Bridget Williams Books
* 2019 – Transits and Returns, co-editor (Vancouver Art Gallery; Institute of Modern Art)
* 2021 – Bloody Women, published by Bridget Williams Books
* 2023 – Pacific Arts Aotearoa, published by Penguin Randomhouse
# Mount Iō (Shiretoko)

Mount Iō (硫黄山, Iō-zan) also Mount Iwo is an active andesitic stratovolcano on the Shiretoko Peninsula of Hokkaidō, Japan. It sits within the borders of the town of Shari. Mount Iō is known for erupting liquid sulphur in the eruptions of 1889 and 1936. Mount Iō literally means, sulphur mountain. There are two explosion craters and a lava dome at the summit of the volcano.

## History of eruptions

Volcanic activity started at least 240,000 years ago. Mount Iō has erupted at the following times:
* 850 AD ± 500 years
* 1857–1858
* 23–26 September 1876
* 24–26 November 1880
* 9–26 August 1889
* 15 June 1890–unknown
* December 1935–October 1936
# Mokeyevskaya

Mokeyevskaya (Russian: Мокеевская) is a rural locality (a village) in Razinskoye Rural Settlement, Kharovsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 8 as of 2002.

## Geography

Mokeyevskaya is located 33 km north of Kharovsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Afoninskaya is the nearest rural locality.
# Sofie Eriksson

Sofie Eriksson (born 13 December 1992) is a Swedish politician. She is a Member of European Parliament for Sweden since July 2024, having been elected in the 2024 European election.
She was a Member of the Riksdag from January 2022 to July 2024, representing Dalarna County She is affiliated with the Social Democrats, part of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats.
# Falsarthrobacter nasiphocae

Falsarthrobacter nasiphocae is a species of bacteria from the family Micrococcaceae.
# Heinrich Besseler

Heinrich Besseler (April 2, 1900 – July 25, 1969) was a German musicologist born in Hörde. He is particularly known for his colossal work, Die Musik des Mittelalters und der Renaissance (1931), which provided a new perspective on historical musicology by taking a history-of-ideas approach to music history.

## Life

Besseler studied philosophy (under Martin Heidegger), German language, mathematics and natural science in Freiburg im Breisgau. Subsequently, he studied music (under Hans Gál) and musicology (under Wilibald Gurlitt, Guido Adler and Wilhelm Fischer) in Vienna and Freiburg. In 1923 he obtained a doctoral degree in musicology from the University of Freiburg. The subject of his thesis was the history and stylistic development of dance suites in seventeenth-century Germany. After further studies at the University of Göttingen, he wrote a professorial thesis on medieval music, spanning the years between 1250 and 1350. From 1928 he taught at the University of Heidelberg.
In 1934, Besseler became a member of the Sturmabteilung. While admittedly failing to distance himself from National Socialism, he did come into some conflicts with Herbert Gerigk, the most notorious antisemitic musicologist in Germany. From 1949 to 1956 he taught at the University of Jena, and from 1957 to 1965 at the University of Leipzig. He was awarded an honorary doctorate at the University of Chicago in 1967, and died in Leipzig two years later.

## Books

* Beiträge zur Stilgeschichte der deutschen Suite im 17. Jahrhundert (doctoral thesis, 1923)
* Die Die Motettenkomposition von Petrus de Cruce bis Philipp von Vitry (professorial thesis, 1925)
* Die Musik des Mittelalters und der Renaissance (Potsdam: Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft Athenaion, 1931)
* Guillaume Dufay: zwölf geistliche und weltliche Lieder [Guillaume Dufay: Twelve Sacred and Secular Songs]. Das Chorwerk [de]. Vol. 19. Wolfenbüttel: G. Kallmeyer Verlag. 1932. OCLC 1240177.
* Zum Problem der Tenorgeige, Musikalische Gegenwartsfragen I, 1949
* Bourdon und Fauxbourdon – Studien zum Ursprung der niederländischen Musik, 1950
* Fünf echte Bildnisse Johann Sebastian Bachs, 1956
* Das musikalische Hören der Neuzeit, 1959
* Das Schriftbild der mehrstimmigen Musik, 1973 (co-authored with Peter Gülke).