OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lex (URN)

Lex is a URN namespace, a type of Uniform Resource Name (URN), that allows accurate identification of laws and other legal norms.
LexML Brazil and Italy (Civil law countries) already officially recognize the URN LEX standard draft v0.9, as a namespace for sources of law.

## Syntax

The identifier has a hierarchical structure as follows:
    "urn:lex:"<NSS>
where NSS is the Namespace Specific String composed as follows:
    <NSS>::=<jurisdiction>":"<local-name>
where:
    <jurisdiction> is the part providing the identification of the jurisdiction, generally corresponding to the country where the source of law is issued.
    <local-name> is the uniform name of the source of law in the country or jurisdiction where it is issued; its internal structure is common to the already adopted schemas.
Illustrative examples of sources of law identified by lex URNs:

## Concrete examples

Real URN LEX resolver at Brazil, the country where URN LEX was adopted since 2009, with the LexML.gov.br portal:
* urn:lex:br:federal:constituicao:1988-10-05;1988: Brazilian Constitution of 1988.
* urn:lex:br:federal:lei:2008-06-19;11705: Law nº 11.705, of June 19, 2008, known also as "Brazilian Prohibition".

## Transparent identifiers

URNs are used as unique identifiers (unique IDs), like using ISBN to identify books. The URN is also nominated as a "public (unique) ID". In that kind of public use, the need for a central authority las a unique and necessary URN-resolver is a problem. In that context, the identifier's user must query the authority about the correct ID from some object's metadata, like year or title. IDs like ISBN, which need a central authority, are also named "opaque IDs".
A common use of Lex URNs is to express "transparent identifiers", which can be built up by simple rules or inferences from basic metadata. For example, the Brazilian Lex URN is used for both legislative and case law unique and universal identifier, using rules of formatting and abbreviation of the authority's name, the publication date, and the local identifier in the title of the document.
In computer science, an identifier is a data type. An opaque data type is a data type whose concrete data structure is not defined in an interface. In opposition, a data type whose representation is visible is called transparent.
URN schemes where each URN is also a transparent identifier can be used in distributed (non-central) URN-resolution systems. The URNs can be created in the absence of these systems, even before recording in these systems.
# Lopesi Faagu

Lopesi Faagu (born 8 April 1960) is a weightlifter from American Samoa.
Faagu competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in the light-heavyweight class, he finished 18th out of the 22 starters.
# Republic, Pennsylvania

Republic is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,096 at the 2010 census, down from 1,396 at the 2000 census. The community is in Redstone Township.

## Geography

Republic is located in western Fayette County at 39°57′56″N 79°52′41″W﻿ / ﻿39.96556°N 79.87806°W﻿ / 39.96556; -79.87806 (39.965531, −79.878064), on the western edge of Redstone Township. It is bordered to the west across Dunlap Creek by Luzerne Township.
Pennsylvania Route 166 passes through Republic, leading north 5 miles (8 km) to Brownsville and south 6 miles (10 km) to Edenborn. Pennsylvania Route 43, the Mon–Fayette Expressway, passes 3 miles (5 km) north of Republic, with access from Exit 22.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.73 square miles (1.9 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the 2000 census, there were 1,396 people, 614 households, and 359 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,887.4 inhabitants per square mile (728.7/km$^2$). There were 714 housing units at an average density of 965.3 per square mile (372.7/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 90.47% White, 7.02% African American, 0.29% Native American, 0.36% from other races, and 1.86% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.43% of the population.
There were 614 households, out of which 24.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.9% were married couples living together, 15.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.5% were non-families. 37.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 22.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 3.03.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 23.4% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 21.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.0 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $20,598, and the median income for a family was $26,411. Males had a median income of $37,813 versus $19,653 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $14,201. About 20.4% of families and 22.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.4% of those under age 18 and 14.2% of those age 65 or over.

## Notable person

* Vinnie Colaiuta, session drummer and soloist; raised in Republic
# Wolf Barth

Wolf Paul Barth (20 October 1942, in Wernigerode – 30 December 2016, in Nuremberg) was a German mathematician who discovered Barth surfaces and whose work on vector bundles has been important for the ADHM construction. Until 2011, Barth was working in the Department of Mathematics at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg in Germany.
Barth received a PhD degree in 1967 from the University of Göttingen. His dissertation, written under the direction of Reinhold Remmert and Hans Grauert, was entitled Einige Eigenschaften analytischer Mengen in kompakten komplexen Mannigfaltigkeiten (Some properties of analytic sets in compact, complex manifolds).

## Publications

* Barth, Wolf (1977). "Moduli of vector bundles on the projective plane". Inventiones Mathematicae. 42 (1): 63–91. Bibcode:1977InMat..42...63B. doi:10.1007/bf01389784. MR 0460330. S2CID 121360092.
* Barth, Wolf (1977). "Some properties of stable rank-2 vector bundles on P$_n$". Mathematische Annalen. 226 (2): 125–150. doi:10.1007/bf01360864. MR 0429896. S2CID 121286408.
* Barth, Wolf (1996). "Two projective surfaces with many nodes, admitting the symmetries of the icosahedron". Journal of Algebraic Geometry. 5 (1): 173–186. MR 1358040.
# Calcium citrate malate

Calcium citrate malate is a water-soluble calcium supplement. It is the calcium salt of citric acid and malic acid with variable composition.
Calcium citrate malate's bioavailability stems from its water-solubility and its method of dissolution. When dissolved, it releases calcium ions and a calcium citrate complex.
Calcium citrate malate is similar to calcium malate and other calcium salts. The European Food Safety Authority has concluded that calcium citrate malate is "slightly more bioavailable" than other forms of calcium supplementation.
# Louis Curtis

Louis Curtis (born March 14, 1955) is an American boxer. He competed in the men's light flyweight event at the 1976 Summer Olympics. At the 1976 Summer Olympics, he lost to Henryk Średnicki of Poland.
# Louis Johnson (boxer)

Louis Johnson (born November 4, 1938) is an American boxer. He competed in the men's bantamweight event at the 1964 Summer Olympics. At the 1964 Summer Olympics, he defeated Jan Huppen of the Netherlands, before losing to Nicolae Puiu of Romania.
# Louis Nanchoff

Louis "Louie" Nanchoff (born May 13, 1956) is a retired soccer player. He spent three seasons in the North American Soccer League and seven seasons in the Major Indoor Soccer League. Born in Yugoslavia, he represented the United States national team.

## Youth and college

Louis immigrated with his family from North Macedonia, then Yugoslavia, when he was thirteen years old. His family settled in Akron, Ohio, where he attended Central-Hower High School. After high school, he attended the University of Akron where he played as a forward on the men's soccer team from 1974 to 1977. He and his brother George were top players with the Zips. Both Louie and George earned first team All American honors in 1976. This was the first time in NCAA history that two brothers received first team recognition the same year. Louie then garnered second team honors in 1977.

## NASL

In 1978, the expansion franchise Colorado Caribous of the North American Soccer League selected Nanchoff in the NASL College Draft. He spent that season with the Caribous, then moved with the team when it relocated to Atlanta between the 1978 and 1979 seasons. Nanchoff continued with the team, now known as the Atlanta Chiefs, for the next two outdoor seasons and the 1979–80 indoor season before leaving the NASL. Nanchoff played in fifty-five regular-season outdoor games during his three seasons in the NASL.

## MISL

In 1980, Nanchoff signed with the Philadelphia Fever of the Major Indoor Soccer League. He spent the next two indoor seasons with the Fever. He signed with the Cleveland Force for the 1982–83 season. In the 1983–1984 season, his most productive with the Force, he scored thirty-six goals in forty-two games. On August 16, 1985, Nanchoff signed as a free agent with the Dallas Sidekicks. In his one season with the Sidekicks, he scored thirty-eight goals in forty-five regular season and playoff games. In July 1986, Dallas sold Nanchoff's contract to the St. Louis Steamers. His contract required that his salary be guaranteed if the team was sold. New team ownership was quoted in the Dallas Morning News as saying "Not even Tatu has that." He began the season in St. Louis, but finished it with the Kansas City Comets.

## National and Olympic Teams

Nanchoff earned ten caps, scoring one goal, with the U.S. national team between 1979 and 1980. His first cap came in a February 11, 1979, loss to the Soviet Union. On October 26, 1979, he scored his lone national team goal in a 2–0 victory over Hungary in Budapest. His last game came in a November 9, 1980, loss to Mexico.
In 1979, Nanchoff was also a critical part of the U.S. Olympic soccer team which qualified for the 1980 Summer Olympics to be held in Moscow. He led the team in scoring, but his and his teammates' hopes for success at the games were crushed when President Carter boycotted the games in protest of the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan.

## Coaching

Since retiring, Nanchoff has joined his brother George as a coach with the Cleveland-based Internationals Soccer Club where he coaches a boys' team.
In 1996, Summit County inducted Nancoff into its Sports Hall of Fame
# Louis Purcell

Louis Purcell (born 24 October 1974) is a wrestler from American Samoa.
Purcell competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics in the wrestling 90 kg.
# Loy Petersen

Loy M. Petersen (born July 26, 1945) is a retired American professional basketball player who played in the National Basketball Association from 1968 to 1970. A guard, he played in college for Oregon State University, and was drafted in the second round (17th overall) of the 1968 NBA draft by the Chicago Bulls; previously, he was also drafted in the 17th round of the 1967 NBA draft by the Baltimore Bullets (now the Washington Wizards). He played in 69 career games over two seasons for the Bulls.
Loy now lives in Madras, Oregon, with his wife, Carol.

## Career statistics
### NBA

Source

#### Regular season

| Year | Team | GP | MPG | FG% | FT% | RPG | APG | PPG |
| 1968–69 | Chicago | 38 | 7.9 | .404 | .704 | 1.1 | .7 | 2.8 |
| 1969–70 | Chicago | 31 | 7.5 | .367 | .667 | .8 | .7 | 3.0 |
| Career | Career | 69 | 7.7 | .387 | .682 | 1.0 | .7 | 2.9 |
# Piyazabad, Ilam

Piyazabad (Persian: پيازاباد) is a village in, and the capital of, Zardalan Rural District of Jazman District, Holeylan County, Ilam province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Ethnicity

The village is populated by Kurds.

### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 443 in 87 households, when it was in the former Holeylan District of Chardavol County. The following census in 2011 counted 403 people in 96 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 389 people in 100 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
In 2018, the district was separated from the county in the establishment of Holeylan County, and the rural district was transferred to the new Jazman District.
# Marouflage

Marouflage is a technique for affixing a painted canvas (intended as a mural) to a wall, using an adhesive that hardens as it dries, such as plaster or cement.

## History

A French word originally referring to sticky, partly hardened scraps of paint, marouflage is a 3,000-year-old technique. Historically, artists used several types of adhesives including a rabbit-skin glue. White lead ore was used in the 19th and 20th centuries in the mixture to help it dry.
A thin coat of the adhesive is applied to both the wall and the canvas. Once the canvas is mounted to the wall, pressure is exerted with rubber hand rollers to smooth the canvas and remove any bubbles.

## Uses
### Conservation

In art conservation, the word can be term of art meaning the removal of the painted surface from its underlying support, usually a stretched canvas. The process is more typically called transferring and can cause significant damage. Twenty-first century conservators seldom need to resort to this technique.

## Murals

Intended murals are normally painted on large canvas in the studio and attached to the wall on site, using a starch based glue (applied to the wall only), the murals can then be moved (by a professional) and re-instated elsewhere if required. The damage caused to the painting if removed using this technique is minimal.
# Massimo Dutti

Massimo Dutti (Spanish pronunciation:) is a Spanish premium clothing retailer specializing in cashmere and wool products, established in 1985 and owned by Spanish multinational company Inditex, the parent company of Zara, Pull&Bear, and other brands.
The offices of Massimo Dutti are located in Tordera (Barcelona), unlike Inditex which is located in Arteixo (A Coruña).

## Overview

Despite the Italian name, "Massimo Dutti" is not a fashion designer. The company employs over 10,000 people internationally. When founded in 1985, its product range was limited to menswear. Its women's range was added in 1995. In 2003, the company launched a children's line under the trade name Massimo Dutti Boys and Girls. As a higher-end brand within Inditex, it is more associated with the masstige market.

## History

In 1991 Inditex acquired 65% of the shares of the company before acquiring it fully in 1995. The company has diversified its supply and offers clothes for women and children, as well as perfumes.

## Markets and operations

It has 800 stores in 76 countries.
* Algeria
* Albania
* Andorra
* Armenia
* Austria
* Azerbaijan
* Belarus
* Belgium
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* Colombia
* Costa Rica
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Dominican Republic
* Ecuador
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* Georgia
* Egypt
* Germany
* Greece
* Guatemala
* Honduras
* Hungary
* India
* Indonesia
* Republic of Ireland
* Israel
* Italy
* Republic of Kazakhstan
* Kosovo
* Latvia
* Lebanon
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Republic of North Macedonia
* Malaysia
* Malta
* Mexico
* Netherlands
* Panama
* Philippines
* Poland
* Portugal
* Peru
* Romania
* Russian Federation (closed)
* Saudi Arabia
* Serbia
* Singapore
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Tunisia
* Taiwan
* Turkey
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom
* United States of America
* United Arab Emirates

## Puig fragrances

Massimo Dutti fragrances are marketed by Puig Company.
The launch of six new fragrances happened at the end of October 2018— three fragrances for men and three for women. While the existing Massimo Dutti fragrance line was distributed in a network of multi-brand retailers such as Douglas, El Corte Ingles and Amazon.com, the new collection is sold exclusively by Massimo Dutti in 400 Massimo Dutti stores and online in a total of 32 markets.

## Philanthropy

In line with its social commitment, Massimo Dutti has, since 2001, worked with mental health and disability charities specialising in social rehabilitation and professional work placement programmes for individuals with severe mental disorders or physical disabilities. Massimo Dutti was the first Inditex brand to be part of the for&from programme and now has three stores in Spain managed by and providing long-term employment for people with disabilities: Allariz (Ourense), Llagostera (Barcelona) and Igualada (Barcelona).
# Salvatore Accursi

Salvatore Accursi (born 3 February 1978) is an Italian football coach and a former defender. He is the assistant manager of Catanzaro.

## Caps on Italian Series

Serie B : 47 apps, 1 goal
Serie C1 : 126 apps, 1 goal
Serie C2 : 50 apps
Serie D : 66 apps, 1 goal
Eccellenza : 11 apps, 1 goal
Total : 300 apps, 4 goal
# Robert Sparks (handballer)

Robert Benjamin Sparks (born September 11, 1947) is an American former handball player who competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics and in the 1976 Summer Olympics.
He was born in Jersey City, New Jersey, and was a resident of Clark, New Jersey when he competed at the 1972 games in Munich, as one of two New Jersey residents on the U.S. handball team. Sparks had been a pitcher on the baseball team at St. Mary of the Assumption High School in Elizabeth, and hadn't picked up the sport of team handball until 1970, when he attended a clinic run by U.S. team coach Peter Buehning Sr.
In 1972 he was part of the American team which finished 14th in the Olympic tournament. He played all five matches and scored three goals.
Four years later he finished tenth with the American team in the 1976 Olympic tournament. He played all five matches and scored four goals.
# Irmgard Riessen

Irmgard Riessen is a German film and television actress.

## Selected filmography

* Einer fehlt beim Kurkonzert [de] (1968, TV film)
* Angels of the Street (1969)
* The Sex Nest (1970)
* Der Sonne entgegen (1985, TV series)
* Jokehnen (1987, TV miniseries)
* Schulz & Schulz (1991–1993, TV series)
# Thomas Charlton (rower)

Thomas Jackson Charlton Jr. (born July 12, 1934) is an American competition rower and Olympic champion.
Born in Savannah, Georgia, he won a gold medal in eights with the American team at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne. The eight rowers were Yale undergraduates. Charlton was a member of the Class of 1956. He commissioned through Yale Naval ROTC into the U.S. Marine Corps.
# Reasons to Be Cheerful (book)

Reasons to Be Cheerful: The Life and Work of Barney Bubbles is a book about British graphic artist Barney Bubbles (1942 – 1983).
Written by Paul Gorman, the book incorporates an essay by Peter Saville, a foreword by Malcolm Garrett and an introduction by Billy Bragg.
It has been published in two editions by independent British imprint Adelita; the first came out in November 2008, the second in December 2010.
# Kanpū Ōmata

Kanpū Ōmata (大亦 観風, Ōmata Kanpū, 9 September 1894 – 22 October 1947) was the pseudonym of Japanese Shōwa period painter and Waka poet, Omata Shinjirō.

## Career

Kanpū (1894 – 22 October 1947) was born in Wakayama, Wakayama Prefecture, where he later grew up and studied western style oil painting. In 1913, he went to Tokyo to studied at the Taiheiyōgakai Kenkyūjo and the Japan Fine Arts Academy (Nihon Bijutsu-in). After the death of his father in 1918, Kanpū moved to Meguro City (Tokyo) to live with his younger sister.
In the early Shōwa period, he converted to Japanese-style painting, and studied under Terasaki Kogyo. After Terasaki died he studied Nanga (南画) under Komuro Suiun (小室翠雲). He joined the waka poetry coterie "Aogaki" in 1927, and drew cover illustrations for their coterie magazine for years. His first exhibition Kishū-ji Angya Nikki Emaki (紀州路行脚日記絵巻) (The picture scroll recording a journey in Wakayama) was held at Shirakiya department store, Tokyo in 1934. The picture scroll is possessed by Museum of Modern Art, Wakayama. His second exhibition, Nanki Wakayama gaito Kijin-den gakan (南紀若山街頭奇人伝画巻), was held in 1936 and his third exhibition, Hyoryu ibun ekotoba (漂流異聞絵詞), was held in 1938. Shown in 1940, his fourth exhibition, entitled Manyo-shu ga sen (万葉集画撰), featured depictions of the Waka poetry from Man'yōshū, the oldest existing collection of Japanese poetry, and is considered his most important set of work.
# Iver railway station

Iver railway station is situated in the village of Richings Park, within Iver, Buckinghamshire, England. It is the first station on the Great Western Main Line located outside Greater London, 14 miles 60 chains (23.7 km) down the line from London Paddington and is situated between West Drayton to the east and Langley to the west. Services at the station are operated by the Elizabeth line.
In preparation for the introduction of Elizabeth line services, the operation of the station was transferred to MTR Crossrail on behalf of Transport for London at the end of 2017.

## History

The station is on the original line of the Great Western Railway which opened on 4 June 1838, however no station was provided at Iver until 1924; Iver station opened on 1 December that year.
This section of line is also where the first trials of the locomotive North Star were held, commemorated by a public house in nearby Thorney. William Stallybrass, Principal of Brasenose College, Oxford and Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University, died in a railway accident when he stepped out of a moving train near the station in 1948. He was almost blind at the time.
The line through Iver was electrified in 2017 in preparation for the Crossrail service, which began operation in December 2019.
As part of ongoing work to prepare the station for the Elizabeth line, Iver station gained a new station building, with a ticket office, ticket gates, step-free access and accessible toilet.

## Services

Off-peak, all services at Iver are operated by the Elizabeth line using Class 345 EMUs.
The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:
* 2 tph to Abbey Wood
* 2 tph to Maidenhead
Additional services, including services to Reading call at the station during the peak hours, increasing the service to up to 4 tph in each direction.
The station is also served by a small number of early morning and late evening Great Western Railway services between London Paddington and Reading.
| Preceding station | Elizabeth line | Following station |
| Langley towards Reading | Elizabeth line | West Drayton towards Abbey Wood |
| National Rail |||||
| Langley | Great Western RailwayGreat Western Main LineLimited Service | West Drayton |
# Genota craverii

Genota craverii is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Borsoniidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 58 mm, its diameter 17 mm.

## Distribution

Fossils of this marine species were found in Miocene strata in Piedmont, Italy.
# Gymnosporangiaceae

The Gymnosporangiaceae are a family of rust fungus genera, in the order Pucciniales, based on the type genus Gymnosporangium. The classification of fungal taxa based on only morphological characteristics has long been recognised as problematical, so this order was reviewed over a long term study using three DNA loci (including type species wherever possible) and published in 2021.

## Genera

In their 2021 review, Aime and McTaggart included the following genera:
* Gymnosporangium R. Hedw. ex DC
* Gymnotelium
* probably Peridiopsora