OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Wang Zhanyuan

Wang Zhanyuan (Chinese: 王占元) (February 20, 1861 – September 14, 1934) was a Chinese general of the Warlord Era of China's Republican period, whose power base was in Hubei province.

## Biography

In October 1911, during the Xinhai Revolution, he was a colonel and assigned the First Army, which fought against the revolutionaries of the Wuchang Uprising and commanded the 3rd Brigade of the Beiyang Army's 2nd Division. He was among the officers to be awarded the title batulu, which meant "brave warrior" in the Manchu language, soon after the Qing army captured Hankou. On November 28 Col. Wang was made commander of the 2nd Division, replacing Ma Longbiao, who fell ill.

## Gallery

* Wang Zhanyuan in military uniform
* Wang Zhanyuan in later life

## Sources
### Citations

* ↑ Esherick (2013).

### Literature

* Esherick, Joseph (2013). China: How the Empire Fell. New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. ISBN 978-0415831017.
# Solo garlic

Solo garlic, also known as single clove garlic, chinese garlic, monobulb garlic, single bulb garlic, or pearl garlic, is a type of Allium sativum (garlic). The size of the single clove varies from approximately 25 to 50 mm in diameter, with an average size between 35 and 45 mm. It has the flavour of the garlic clove but is somewhat milder and slightly perfumed. The appearance is akin to that of a pickling onion, with white skin and often purple stripes. Compared to traditional garlic, solo garlic offers the advantage of being easy to peel quickly.
Single clove garlic originated in the mountainous Yunnan province of southwestern China. It is not a single variety of garlic, but rather a product of specific planting practices. As a result, single cloved versions of other garlic species such as Allium nigrum and Allium ampeloprasum are also available.

## Growth

Small bulbs of solo garlic can be obtained by planting the bulbils of any variety of garlic. However, commercial production comes from areas where garlic is likely to produce a solo bulb due to environmental factors. The climate in these areas, combined with careful cultivation, leads to a large percentage of the garlic crop failing to split into multiple cloves.

## Cultivation

Solo garlic is believed to have originated in Yunnan, China, a mountainous area. The product is known as 独子蒜 "only-child garlic".
# Agnar Helgason

Agnar Helgason (born 31 July 1968 in Reykjavík) is an Icelandic scientist working with genetic anthropology. PhD in Biological Anthropology, University of Oxford, 2001. He is best known for his research on the origin of Icelandic population. He is a brother of Ásgeir Helgason, the son of Helgi Valdimarsson and a brother-in-law of Tim Moore (writer).

## Sources and links

* "DNA tests debunk blond Inuit legend". CBC News. 2003-10-28. Archived from the original on 2013-01-16.
Search Results for author Helgason A on PubMed.
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# November 25 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

November 24 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - November 26
All fixed commemorations below are observed on December 8 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.
For November 25, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on November 12.

## Feasts

* Apodosis of the Entry of the Most Holy Theotokos into the Temple.

## Saints

* Hieromartyr Clement, Pope of Rome (101) (Russian use only. See also: November 24)
* Great-martyr Mercurius of Caesarea in Cappadocia (259) (see also: November 24 - Russian use)
* Great-martyr Catherine of Alexandria (305) (see also: November 24 - Russian)
* Holy 150 Orators, martyred by fire, with Great-martyr Catherine of Alexandria (305)
* Martyrs Augusta (Faustina) the Empress, by beheading, Porphyrius Stratelates and 200 soldiers at Alexandria, by the sword (305) (see also: November 24 - Russian)
* Holy 670 Martyrs, by the sword.
* Hieromartyr Peter, Archbishop of Alexandria (311) (see also: November 24 - Greek)
* Venerable Peter the Silent (the Hesychast), of Galatia and Antioch (c. 403 or 429) (see also: February 1)
* Saint Clement of Ohrid, Bishop of Ohrid (Achrida), Enlightener of Bulgaria and Wonderworker (916) (see also: November 22)

## Pre-Schism Western saints

* Hieromartyr Moses, a priest in Rome, noted for his zeal in preaching the Gospel and his firm stand against Novatianism, martyred under Decius (251)
* Saint Jucunda, a holy virgin in Reggio in Aemilia in Italy and a spiritual daughter of St Prosper, Bishop of that city (466)
* Saint Alanus, Abbot and founder of Lavaur in Gascony in France (7th century)
* Saint Imma (Immina), born in Würzburg, she became abbess of a convent in Karlburg in Germany (c. 752)
* Saint Bernold, monk-priest of Ottobeuren Abbey in Bavaria in Germany, renowned as a wonderworker (c. 1050)

## Post-Schism Orthodox saints
### New martyrs and confessors

* Martyr Magdalena Zabelina (1931)
* New Hieromartyr Seraphim (Ostroumov), Archbishop of Smolensk (1937)
* New Hieromartyr Yaroslav Savitsky, Protopresbyter of Moscow (1937)
* New Hieromartyrs Hilarion Soloviev and Simeon Afonkin, Priests, of Alma Ata (1937)
* New Hieromartyr John Vladimirsky of Tver (1937)
* New Hieromartyr Cosmas Korotkikh of Moscow (1937)
* New Hieromartyrs Gregory Voinov, Basil Pariysky, John Tarasov, Alexander Vershinsky, John Janushev, Victor Smirnov, Andrew Shershnev, Priests (1937)
* New Hieromartyr Varlaam Popov (1937)
* Martyr Paul Kuzovkov (1937)
* Martyr Nicholas Kopninsky (1938)

## Other commemorations

* Repose of priest Pavel Florensky of Sergiev Posad (1937)
* Repose of Protopriest Rostislav Gan in Australia (1975)

## Icon gallery

* Translation of the relics of Hieromartyr Clement, Pope of Rome.
* Great-martyr Mercurius of Caesarea in Cappadocia.
* Great-martyr Catherine of Alexandria.
* Martyrdom of Great-martyr Catherine of Alexandria.
* Vision of Peter of Alexandria.
* Saint Clement of Ochrid.
* Hieromartyr Seraphim (Ostroumov), Archbishop of Smolensk.
* Fr. Pavel Florensky.
# Simon Fitch

Michael Simon Fitch (born February 26, 1999) is an American soccer player who plays as a defender for USL League One club Richmond Kickers.

## Career
### Youth, college and amateur

Fitch attended St. Christopher's School, leading the team to the Virginia Independent Schools Athletic Association State Championship in 2016, serving as team captain for three years, and was a High School Honor Roll member. During 2016 and 2017, he also played club soccer with Richmond United.
In 2017, Fitch went to George Washington University to play college soccer. He made 18 appearances for the Colonials, before transferring to Virginia Commonwealth University in 2018. With the Rams, Fitch went on to make 63 appearances, scoring five goals and tallying four assists. He earned Atlantic 10 All-Academic Team honors in four consecutive seasons.
While at college, Fitch also played in the USL League Two with Lionsbridge FC. The 2020 season was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but made four appearances and scored a single goal in the 2021 season.

### Professional

On February 23, 2022, Fitch signed with USL League One club Richmond Kickers. He made his professional debut on April 25, 2022, appearing as an injury-time substitute during a 2–1 win over Charlotte Independence.

## Personal life

He is engaged to professional soccer player Susanna Friedrichs.
# Marsel Çaka

Marsel Çaka (born 31 March 1995) is an Albanian footballer who currently plays as a goalkeeper for FC Salzweg.

## Club career

Çaka is a product of the KF Tirana academy which he joined as a child, before being promoted to the senior team in January 2013 where he featured in 5 league games in the 2012–13 season. He became the club's first choice goalkeeper for the first half of the 2013–14 season at the age of just 18. The return of veteran goalkeeper Ilion Lika meant that Çaka became the second choice goalkeeper.
On 9 September, Çaka signed a long time contract with the club and was immediately loaned to Albanian First Division side Kamza for the rest of the season.

## International career
### Under-19

Çaka was part of the Albania U19 team selected for the 2013 Mediterranean Games in Mersin, Turkey. He featured in the last game of the tournament against Italy, coming on as a 44th-minute substitute for Aldo Teqja in the 3–1 loss for the seventh place, meaning Albania finished in last place in the tournament.
He made his international debut for Albania U19 in a 5-1 friendly win over Montenegro.

### Under-21

He received his first call up to the Albania under-21 national team in November 2013 for a European Under-21 Championship qualifier against Hungary on 14 November. He was an unused substitute in the 2–0 away win, as he was an understudy to first choice goalkeeper Aldo Teqja. He was called up to a friendly tournament held in Dubai in December 2014 where he made his debut, coming off the bench in the final game of the three game tournament against United Arab Emirates U23.
# Oleksandr Radchenko

Oleksandr Borysovych Radchenko (Ukrainian: Олександр Борисович Радченко; 19 July 1976 – 7 February 2023) was a Ukrainian professional footballer who played as a left-back.

## Career

Radchenko was born in present-day Mariupol, Ukraine. His career started with Azovets Mariupol in 1993. In 1995, the team became FC Metalurg Mariupol. He then debuted in the Vyscha Liha when he transferred to Dynamo Kyiv in a match versus Torpedo Zaporizhzhia on 9 July 1997. He played at Dynamo Kyiv from 1997 to 2003, going out on loan to Zakarpatiia Uzhhorod in 2001. In 2003, he transferred to Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk before finishing his career with Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih and Volyn Lutsk.
Radchenko made 17 appearances for the Ukraine national team from 2002 to 2005.

## Death

Radchenko died on 7 February 2023, at the age of 46.
# CRM 114 (fictional device)

The CRM 114 Discriminator is a fictional piece of radio equipment in Stanley Kubrick's film Dr. Strangelove (1964), the destruction of which prevents the crew of a B-52 from receiving the recall code that would stop them from dropping their hydrogen bomb payloads onto Soviet territory. The device is one of several that malfunction in the film, along with Mandrake's telephones, the bomb doors failing to open and the Doomsday Weapon's misuse, a common theme in Kubrick's work of the failure of human planning.
The code became a running joke, in Kubrick's work and outside. Kubrick used a near homophone of "CRM 114", "Serum 114", for the name of a drug injected into Alex to help his reformation in A Clockwork Orange (1971). In the movie Eyes Wide Shut (1999), the morgue Bill visits is stationed in the hospital's corridor C, Room 114 (CRM 114).

## Real-life parallels

In Peter George's novel, Red Alert (1958), which was the basis for the film, the device is called the CRM 114. George was well-informed; under the U.S. military Joint Electronics Type Designation System (The "AN" System), CRM is the designator for an air-transportable cargo (C) radio (R) maintenance or test assembly (M) and 114 is a feasible series number. If the CRM 114 were a U.S. military item, its official number would be AN/CRM-114.
   To ensure the enemy cannot plant false transmissions and fake orders, the CRM 114 is to be switched into the receiver circuit prior to receiving attack or attack cancellation orders. The three code letters of the period are to be set on the alphabet dials of the CRM 114, which will then block any transmissions other than those preceded by the set letters from being fed into the receiver.
Kubrick corresponded with George in 1963, while preparing the film, to make sure that the failure of the CRM 114 device could credibly interfere with the recall of an aircraft. George, who talked with a contact in the military, wrote, "Based on his and another expert's opinions, I am of the opinion that there is in fact no practical way of demonstrating inability to recall the bombers other than by the introduction of a device such as the CRM 114".
Prior to the introduction of addressed digital communications, some analog communications systems performed a function very similar to the fictional CRM 114. Some aircraft radios used SELCAL (selective calling), which muted the receiver unless an assigned tone was received. Ground mobile radios used a similar system called CTCSS (Continuous Tone-Coded Squelch System); this continues to be used in non-professional systems such as Family Radio Service (FRS) and PMR446.
# Exel Inn

Exel Inn was an American lodging chain based in Madison, Wisconsin. It was founded as Interstate Inn in 1972 by David Stauffacher. The first one was located on East Towne Boulevard in Madison. Stauffacher changed the motel's name to Exel Inn in 1974 after he was unable to get a copyright for the chain's original logo, which incorporated the Interstate Highway System shield. Throughout the chain's history, Stauffacher operated it with his family.
In 2008, Stauffacher sold the chain, which at the time comprised 22 hotels, to Wyndham Worldwide. Wyndham re-branded all 22 properties to Days Inn, Baymont Inn & Suites, Super 8 Motel, Howard Johnson's, or Travelodge.
# Badreh District

Badreh District (Persian: بخش بدره) is a former administrative division of Darreh Shahr County, Ilam province, Iran. Its capital was the city of Badreh.

## History

After the 2011 National Census, the district was separated from the county in the establishment of Badreh County.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 census, the district's population was 16,478 in 3,382 households. The following census in 2011 counted 16,096 people in 4,045 households.

### Administrative divisions

Badreh District Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 | 2011 |
| Dustan RD | 4,862 | 4,394 |
| Hendmini RD | 7,841 | 7,453 |
| Badreh (city) | 3,775 | 4,249 |
| Total | 16,478 | 16,096 |
| RD = Rural District |||
# Think About You (Luther Vandross song)

"Think About You" is a song by American singer Luther Vandross. It was written by James Porte and Vandross for his thirteenth studio album, Dance with My Father (2003), with production helmed by the latter. "Think About You" was a minor hit after its single release, and would later peak at number 29 on the US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, while also reaching the top of the Adult R&B Songs chart.

## Charts

| Chart (2003–2004) | Peak position |
| US Adult R&B Songs (Billboard) | 1 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 29 |
# Black brane

In general relativity, a black brane is a solution of the Einstein field equations that generalizes a black hole solution but it is also extended—and translationally symmetric—in p additional spatial dimensions. That type of solution would be called a black p-brane.
In string theory, the term black brane describes a group of D1-branes that are surrounded by a horizon. With the notion of a horizon in mind as well as identifying points as zero-branes, a generalization of a black hole is a black p-brane. However, many physicists tend to define a black brane separate from a black hole, making the distinction that the singularity of a black brane is not a point like a black hole, but instead a higher dimensional object.
A BPS black brane is similar to a BPS black hole. They both have electric charges. Some BPS black branes have magnetic charges.
The metric for a black p-brane in a n-dimensional spacetime is: ${ds}^{2}=\left(\eta _{ab}+{\frac {r_{s}^{n-p-3}}{r^{n-p-3}}}u_{a}u_{b}\right)d\sigma ^{a}d\sigma ^{b}+\left(1-{\frac {r_{s}^{n-p-3}}{r^{n-p-3}}}\right)^{-1}dr^{2}+r^{2}d\Omega _{n-p-2}^{2}$ where:
* η is the (p + 1)-Minkowski metric with signature (−, +, +, +, ...),
* σ are the coordinates for the worldsheet of the black p-brane,
* u is its four-velocity,
* r is the radial coordinate,
* Ω is the metric for a (n − p − 2)-sphere, surrounding the brane.

## Curvatures

When $ds^{2}=g_{\mu \nu }dx^{\mu }dx^{\nu }+d\Omega _{n+1},$ the Ricci Tensor becomes ${\begin{aligned}R_{\mu \nu }&=R_{\mu \nu }^{(0)}+{\frac {n+1}{r}}\Gamma _{\mu \nu }^{r},\\R_{ij}&=\delta _{ij}g_{ii}\left({\frac {n}{r^{2}}}(1-g^{rr})-{\frac {1}{r}}(\partial _{\mu }+\Gamma _{\nu \mu }^{\nu })g^{\mu r}\right),\end{aligned}}$ and the Ricci Scalar becomes $R=R^{(0)}+{\frac {n+1}{r}}g^{\mu \nu }\Gamma _{\mu \nu }^{r}+{\frac {n(n+1)}{r^{2}}}(1-g^{rr})-{\frac {n+1}{r}}(\partial _{\mu }g^{\mu r}+\Gamma _{\nu \mu }^{\nu }g^{\mu r}),$ where $R_{\mu \nu }^{(0)}$, $R^{(0)}$ are the Ricci Tensor and Ricci scalar of the metric $ds^{2}=g_{\mu \nu }dx^{\mu }dx^{\nu }.$

## Black string

A black string is a higher dimensional (D > 4) generalization of a black hole in which the event horizon is topologically equivalent to S$^2$ × S$^1$ and spacetime is asymptotically M$^{d−1}$ × S$^1$.
Perturbations of black string solutions were found to be unstable for L (the length around S$^1$) greater than some threshold L'. The full non-linear evolution of a black string beyond this threshold might result in a black string breaking up into separate black holes which would coalesce into a single black hole. This scenario seems unlikely because it was realized a black string could not pinch off in finite time, shrinking S$^2$ to a point and then evolving to some Kaluza–Klein black hole. When perturbed, the black string would settle into a stable, static non-uniform black string state.

## Kaluza–Klein black hole

A Kaluza–Klein black hole is a black brane (generalisation of a black hole) in asymptotically flat Kaluza–Klein space, i.e. higher-dimensional spacetime with compact dimensions. They may also be called KK black holes.
# Peterborough Herald and Post

The Peterborough Herald and Post was a weekly freesheet delivered to households in the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire, in the United Kingdom. It was run from offices on Cross Street in the city centre, until ceasing operations in 2008.
The Peterborough Standard (established 1872) was published weekly by Sharman Newspapers, under the title Peterborough and Huntingdonshire Standard to 1931. A localised edition was published from 1980 to 1984 and from then titled the Oundle Standard. This amalgamated with free title the New Classified (established 1981) in 1983, briefly publishing as the Classified Standard.
Having expanded to publishing and printing 11 weekly newspapers in the East Anglia region, the publishing side of the business was sold in 1989. Since then Sharman & Co. have been providing newspaper printing services to clients including the major regional publishers, independent local and specialist publishers, corporate communications departments, political parties, foreign language publishers, councils and universities.
The Herald and Post was published from 1989 as a replacement for the Standard. The Oundle Herald and Post was a localised edition published until 1994. The paper was owned by Midland Weekly Media, part of Trinity Mirror. The Stamford Herald and Post, Whittlesey Standard and Deepings Standard were also affected by the closure. An earlier proposal, which would have seen rival Johnston Press purchase the papers, was rejected by the Competition Commission.
# Nallampatti

Nallampatti is a panchayat town in Erode district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

## Demographics

In 2001, Nallampatti had a population of 3670. Males constituted 51% of the population and females 49%. Nallampatti had an average literacy rate of 54%, lower than the then national average of 59.5%: male literacy was 66% and female literacy was 42%. Eight percent of the population was under 6 years of age.
# Egon Jensen (politician)

Egon Jensen (1922–1985) was a Danish politician from the Social Democrats. He was a long-term member of the Parliament and served as minister of interior and minister of Church in the 1970s.

## Early life and education

Jensen was born in Slagelse on 14 March 1922. He graduated from a high school in 1937. He attended the business school between 1938 and 1941.

## Career

Jensen was the chair of the Social Democratic Youth of Denmark in his hometown from 1937 to 1945. In 1954 he became a member of the Slagelse city council and remained in office until 1971. He was the deputy mayor of Slagelse between 1966 and 1970 and the mayor from February to April 1970. Jensen was elected to the Parliament for the Social Democrats in 1960 and served there until 1985. He was also a member of the European Parliament between November 1979 and 1985 taking part in the committee on regional planning and local authorities.
Jensen was first appointed minister of interior on 11 October 1971 and was part of the cabinet led by Prime Minister Jens Otto Krag. His tenure ended on 19 December 1973. He was again named as the minister of interior on 13 February 1975 which he held until 30 August 1978. Jensen was the minister of Church between 30 August 1978 and 26 October 1979. The cabinets were led by the Prime Minister Anker Jørgensen.

## Personal life and dead

Jensen married Henny Jørgensen on 1 June 1946. He died on 4 February 1985 while attending a session at the Parliament.
# Gabriele Eckart

Gabriele Eckart (born March 23, 1954, in Falkenstein/Vogtland), is a German author.

## Life

Gabriele Eckart studied Philosophy from 1972 to 1976 at the Humboldt University of Berlin. She concluded her studies with the completion of her Staatsexamen. In 1979 she took part in a writing course at the German Literature Institute in Leipzig. After publishing two collections of her own poetry and a collection of travel memoirs, her next publication was supposed to have been a collection of interviews with people in Havelland. Small excerpts appeared in 1983 and 1984 in literature magazines in the German Democratic Republic, but the publication of the entire text, which contained numerous passages critical of relations in the German Democratic Republic, was prevented by government censorship. The book So sehe ick die Sache was therefore published openly only in West Germany.
In 1987, Eckart used a visit to the Frankfurter Buchmesse to relocate to the Federal Republic of Germany; she remained, however, a citizen of the German Democratic Republic. In 1988 she emigrated to the United States, where she continued her studies. In 1993 she earned her Master of Arts at the University of Texas at San Antonio, and her PhD from the University of Minnesota. She has worked as a Professor of German and Spanish at the Southeast Missouri State University in Cape Girardeau.

## Works

* Gabriele Eckart, Poesiealbum 80, Berlin 1974
* Tagebuch, Berlin 1978
* Per Anhalter, Berlin 1982
* Sturzacker, Berlin 1985
* Der Seidelstein, Berlin 1986. ISBN 3-371-00016-8
* Wie mag ich alles was beginnt, Köln 1987. ISBN 3-462-01860-4
* Frankreich heißt Jeanne, Berlin 1990. ISBN 3-371-00266-7
* Der gute fremde Blick, Köln 1992. ISBN 3-462-02198-2
* Sprachtraumata in den Texten Wolfgang Hilbigs, New York [u.a.] 1996. ISBN 0-8204-2645-8

## Publications

* So sehe ick die Sache, Köln 1984. ISBN 3-462-01666-0
# Richard Woodget

Richard Woodget (21 November 1845 – 5/6 March 1928) was an English sea captain, best known as the master of the famous sailing clipper Cutty Sark during her most successful period of service in the wool trade between Australia and the United Kingdom.
Richard Woodget was the son of a farmer in Burnham Norton, Norfolk who first went to sea in the coasters plying the waters of the east coast of Britain. In 1868 he received his master's certificate at South Shields. In 1881 Jock Willis made him master of the old ship Coldstream, and in 1885 he was appointed to command Cutty Sark. A well-respected sailor and man manager, Captain Woodget made several record-breaking passages between the United Kingdom and Australia.
In 1895 Cutty Sark was sold to Portuguese interests, and Captain Woodget transferred to command Willis' Coldinghame. However he made only one voyage in this ship in 1896 before retiring from the sea. He bought a farm at Burnham Overy Staithe in his native Norfolk, where he lived until 1926. In 1921 he married Winifred Basham Parker, his second wife. He died on 5/6 March 1928 and was buried in the churchyard of St Margaret's Church, Burnham Norton.