OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Witold Sadowy

Witold Sadowy (7 January 1920 – 15 November 2020) was a Polish film and theatre actor as well as publicist and columnist of the Gazeta Wyborcza daily and Życie na gorąco magazine.

## Life and career

He was born on 7 January 1920 in Warsaw. In 1944, during the Warsaw Uprising, he lost his father and brother. He returned to Warsaw with his mother after the Soviets gained control of the city.
He made his theatre debut in 1945 by performing the role of Florian in Maurice Maeterlinck's play Le Bourgmestre de Stilmonde directed by Ryszard Wasilewski. He worked at such Warsaw theatres as City Drama Theatre (1945, 1946–1949), Polish Theatre (1945–1946; 1949–1951), New Theatre (1951–1953), Młoda Warszawa Theatre (1953–1957), Classic Theatre (1957–1972) and TR Warszawa (1972–1988). He gave his last performance in 1989 by playing the role of Field Marshal in Zygmunt Nowakowski's play The Rosemary Twig.
In the 1980s, he began working as a theatre columnist and publicist in such newspapers as Życie Warszawy, Życie Codzienne, Słowo, Express Wieczorny and the New York-based Nowy Dziennik. Since 1985, he also wrote articles in Gazeta Wyborcza. He published a number of books on theatre and film and came to be known as "the chronicler of Warsaw's theatre life". The Polish Union of Stage Actors (ZASP), awarded him the title of distinguished member as a recognition of his work.

## Personal life

In January 2020, at the age of 100, he publicly came out as homosexual in a television reportage by TVP Kultura channel devoted to the celebration of the centenary of his birth. He lived in a relationship with Jan Ryżow, an engineer, from 1942 until Ryżow's death in 1996. In March 2020, his coming out received a considerable national and international attention. He died on 15 November 2020.

## Filmography

* 1946: Zakazane piosenki – violinist
* 1960: Bad Luck – soldier
* 1970: Pogoń za Adamem – officer
* 1973: Wielka miłość Balzaka – Victor Hugo (episode 7)
* 1978: ... Gdziekolwiek jesteś panie prezydencie
* 1980: Zamach stanu
* 1980: Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson – man in a hotel (episode 24)
* 1980: Punkt widzenia (episode 5)
* 1981: Przyjaciele (episode 4)

## Publications

* Teatr za kulisami i na scenie, Oficyna wydawnicza "Rytm”, Warsaw 1995, ISBN 83-85249-98-2.
* Teatr – plotki, aktorzy, wspomnienia zza kulis, Oficyna wydawnicza "Rytm”, Warsaw 1995, ISBN 83-85249-51-6.
* Ludzie teatru – mijają lata, zostają wspomnienia, Oficyna wydawnicza "Rytm”, Warsaw 2000.
* Czas który minął, Oficyna wydawnicza "Rytm”, Warsaw 2009, ISBN 978-83-7399-356-3.
* Przekraczam setkę. Zapis wspomnień 2018-2019, Wydawnictwo ZASP, Warsaw 2020, ISBN 978-83-952549-1-8.

## Honours and awards

* Medal of the Centenary of Regained Independence, 2020
* Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta, 2012
* Pro Masovia Medal, 2012
* Warsaw Feliks Award, 2011
* Officers Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta, 2001
* Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta, 1987
* Medal of the 40th Anniversary of People's Poland, 1986
* Golden Cross of Merit, 1979
# Pietro Ayres

Pietro Ayres (November 9, 1794 – June 11, 1878) was an Italian painter, mostly of portraits in Piedmont.
As a young man, he left in 1812 to fight for the Napoleonic armies in their disastrous entry into Russia. Upon the restoration of the House of Savoy, he exiled himself to Rome for 14 years. He then briefly traveled to Savigliano, and then to Turin. In 1830, he painted the portrait of Count Galeani Napione, which gained him an appointment as a court portraitist. He painted various members of the royal family, as well as portraits of Marchese Filippo Asinari, Giuseppe Barbaroux, Filippo Morozzo, Count Bogino, Marchese d'Ormea. He also painted a Hagar in Desert and altarpieces for churches in Turin, Savigliano, Racconigi, and Alessandria. He also painted the ceiling and medallions and curtain of the Teatro Sociale. He also created an album of the costumes and arms of the Royal army of Charles Albert, titled Armeria antica e Moderna di S. M Carlo Alberto. He died in Turin.
# Teodoro Ghisi

Teodoro Ghisi (1536–1601) was an Italian painter and engraver of the Renaissance Period, mainly active in his native Mantua. He specialized in paintings of animal and nature scenes.
Teodoro was known mostly for his drawings and illustration of animals. His brother Giorgio Ghisi, was a well-known engraver. Teodoro was a custodian of the Duchal summer house known as the Palazzo del Te in Mantua. The Duke's extensive natural history collection attracted a visit in 1571 from Ulisse Aldrovandi, for whom he executed some animal paintings, including those of two parrots. At around the same time he created the designs for Giorgio's engravings of Venus and Adonis and Angelica and Medoro. In 1576 he and Giorgio acquired a house in Mantua, where Teodoro worked for Dukes Guglielmo Gonzaga and Vincenzo I. Between 1579 and 1581 he contributed to the decoration of the Galleria dei Mesi in the Palazzo Ducale and probably worked with Lorenzo Costa the younger in the Sala dello Zodiaco there.
Around 1579 he executed a Visitation for the cathedral at Carpi, and in 1586-7 he worked in the Palazzo di Goito (destr.). From 1587 to 1590 he was court painter to Guglielmo Gonzaga's brother-in-law Archduke Charles II of Austria (1564–90), in Seckau and Graz, where he painted the altarpiece Symbolum apostolorum (1588; Graz, Alte Gallery), showing the creation of Eve surrounded by depictions of articles of the Nicene Creed. He received a life pension from the Archduke in 1589 but returned to Mantua in 1590.
There, he and Ippolito Andreasi decorated the cathedral for Bishop Francesco Gonzaga, with frescos that accorded with the dictates of the Counter-Reformation. The evangelists' animal symbols attest to Teodoro's continuing interest in nature. He indulged this further in his illustrations for Pietro Candido Decembrio's De animantium naturis. In general his work is more realistic than imaginative.
# Benjamin Calau

Benjamin Calau (1724–1785) was a German portrait painter, who used an encaustic technique.

## Life

Calau was born at Friedrichstadt in Holstein in 1724, son of the painter Christoph Calau. He trained under his father, and in 1743 followed him to St Petersburg, returning to Germany in 1746. He moved to Leipzig in 1752, and was appointed court painter there four years later. His work consisted chiefly of portraits and of heads painted from his own imagination. He usually painted in dark tones, often using as his medium a form of "Carthaginian" or "Punic" wax (cire éléodorique), which he had devised in an attempt to revive an encaustic technique used in antiquity and referred to by Pliny. In 1769 he published a book on the method, entitled Ausführlicher Bericht, wie das Punische oder das Eleodorische Wachs aufzulösen.
He painted some portraits for Johann Wilhelm Ludwig Gleim's "Temple of Friendship", a collection of paintings of the poet's friends (totalling more than 120 by the time of his death) that he kept in two rooms in his home in Halberstadt.
In 1771 he went to Berlin, where the king awarded him the exclusive right to make and sell the Punic wax. It was also there that he assisted the scientist Johann Heinrich Lambert with the creation of his Farbenpyramide (colour pyramid), conceived as a practical investigation of the theoretical writings on colour of Tobias Mayer. Lambert published the results of his researches in 1772 as Beschreibung einer mit dem Calauischen Wachse ausgemalten Farbenpyramide ("Description of a colour pyramid painted with Calau's wax").
He died in Berlin in 1785.
# Heinrich Christoph Fehling

Heinrich Christoph Fehling (1653–1725) was a German painter born at Sangerhausen, in Thuringia. He was instructed by Bottschildt, to whom he was related. After having lived several years in Italy, he was appointed court-painter to the Elector John George IV, and became director of the Academy and inspector of the Art Galleries at Dresden, where he died in 1725. In the Dresden Gallery is a portrait by him of Colonel Wolf Caspar von Klengel, and a number of painted ceilings remain as specimens of his art in the palaces of that city.
# Oliver de Critz

Oliver de Critz (1626 – 1651) was an English painter.
He was born in London in 1626, the son of John de Critz, a painter of Flemish descent who was the Serjeant Painter of Britain, and his third wife. His relatives Thomas and Emmanuel were also painters. His name is also spelled Oliver Decritz and Oliver de Crats.
A possible self-portrait by Oliver de Critz is in the Ashmolean Museum. In it, he is depicted with a green cloak. In 1646, Oliver de Critz inherited from his grandfather "my greene Cloake". However, this portrait could also be the work of his half-brother Thomas.
He died in London in August or September 1651, and was buried on 27 September 1651.

## Sources

* R.L. Poole, An outline of the history of the De Critz family of painters, The Walpole Society 2 (1912-1913), pp. 45–68
* Thieme, Ulrich; Becker, Felix, Allgemeines Lexikon der bildenden Künstler : von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart vol. 8, Leipzig: Seemann (1917), p. 532
* Bénézit, Emmanuel, Dictionnaire critique et documentaire des peintres, sculpteurs, dessinateurs et graveurs de tous les temps et de tous les pays vol. 3, Paris: Gründ (1976), p. 422
* A checklist of painters c1200-1976 represented in the Witt Library, Courtauld Institute of Art, London, London: Mansell (1978), p. 75
# Johann Gottfried Tannauer

Johann Gottfried Tannauer, or Dannhauer (born 1680, Saxony; died 1733–37, Saint Petersburg) was a German painter, portraitist and miniaturist who worked in Russia after 1711.

## Biography

He began as a watchmaker in Swabia, then studied music, but finally turned to painting and worked with Sebastiano Bombelli in Venice. After that, he visited Holland, where he copied the works of Rubens and decided to specialize in portraits.
While working in Karlsbad, he was recommended to Tsar Peter I by the Czech painter, Jan Kupecký. In 1710, he won an appointment as court painter and, after arriving in Smolensk, accompanied the Tsar on his travels during the Pruth River Campaign. This turned out badly for the Tsar and Tannauer, who lost all of his painting equipment.
Upon settling in Saint Petersburg, he painted portraits of most of the members of the Royal Court, including Alexei Petrovich, Tsarevich of Russia, and other distinguished persons, such as Count Pyotr Andreyevich Tolstoy and Admiral Fyodor Apraksin. He also did historical paintings and repaired watches as a hobby. Among his many portraits of the Tsar, the best-known are those showing him at the Battle of Poltava (which was used for a postage stamp in 2009) and on his deathbed. He also worked as a teacher during his tenure as court painter. Among those who studied with him, at least briefly, were Ivan Nikitin and Pyotr Yeropkin.
After Peter's death, Tannauer remained in Russia until 1727, when he decided to go back to Germany. He made it only as far as Poland, then had a stroke. He returned to Saint Petersburg and died there sometime between 1733 and 1737.
# Louis-Marie Autissier

Louis-Marie Autissier (8 February 1772 – 21 September 1830), was a French-born portrait miniature painter in the Netherlands. According to Marjorie E. Wieseman, curator of European painting, at the Cincinnati Art Museum, "Autissier's success as a miniaturist was in large measure due to his talent as a colourist and his meticulous detailing of costumes and accessory." He is considered the founder of the Belgian school of miniature painting in the nineteenth century. Among his most accomplished pupils and followers were Alexandre de Latour (1780–1858), Louis Henri de Fontenay (1800–after 1852), and Dominique Ducaju (1802–1867) . His works are in the collections of the Cincinnati Art Museum, the Nationalmuseum and the Royal Collection.

## Biography

Born at Vannes, in Brittany, Autissier studied art under Vautrin at the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts. He joined the French Revolutionary army at Rennes in 1791. Serving as secretary to the local commander, his skill as a draftsman was quickly recognised. On leaving the army in 1795, Autissier went to Paris and furthered his training by studying paintings at the Louvre. In 1796, he settled in Brussels, there he devoted himself to miniature painting, and became famous for his portraits.
The following years of his life were divided between Belgium, the Netherlands, and France. He exhibited works regularly at Salons in Brussels, Ghent, Antwerp, Amsterdam, and Paris; and was much employed in painting miniature portraits of the sovereigns, nobility, and celebrities of Belgium and the Netherlands. In 1806, after the Revolution, and the forming of the First French Empire he was named court painter to Louis Bonaparte, French King of the Netherlands from 1806 to 1810; and in 1815, court painter to Willem I, king of the Netherlands.
At the same time, the artist assumed the first names of his father; from 1801 to 1820 he exhibited under the name Jean François. Returning to Brussels in 1809, Autisier painted a portrait of the duke of Wellington in 1817 and, later in Paris, King Louis XVIII and members of the royal family. Apart from portraits, Autissier occasionally executed historical scenes in miniature - a rare subject matter in this genre.
Autissier exhibited two sorts of miniatures at the annual Salons: portraits of his most prestigious clients and, from 1811, "fancy pictures," or idealized genre subjects, generally made for sale on the open market rather than on commission These attractive studies of young women are described in the Salon catalogues as "portraits idéal," "études de fantaisie," or "figures de fantaisie," and generally priced between 400 and 600 francs, a considerable sum for the period. Many of the models in these miniatures wear the regional costume of Belgium and the Netherlands; others are more exotically clad in Circassian, Portuguese, or English dress. Altogether his paintings include more than 250 miniatures. Autissier died penniless in Brussels on 4 September 1830.
# Joseph Boze

Joseph Boze (7 February 1746 – 17 January 1826) was a French portrait painter and pastellist mostly active during the ancien régime and the French Revolution.

## Biography

Boze was born in Martigues on 7 February 1746, the son of a sailor. He studied painting in Marseille, Nîmes and Montpellier before moving to Paris in 1778. There he became a portrait painter at the court of King Louis XVI, to whom he was possibly introduced to by the Abbé de Vermond, a confidant of Marie-Antoinette at the court. He is believed to have been influenced by Quentin de la Tour.
He exhibited at the Paris Salon for the first time in 1791, where he received negative reviews. Boze initially supported the French Revolution, having joined the Jacobin Club. He painted portraits of numerous leaders of the Revolution, including Robespierre, Marat and Desmoulins, and French military officers such as Lafayette and Berthier. Under the constitutional monarchy he remained loyal to Louis XVI, and in 1792 acted as an intermediary between him and the Girondins. He was arrested as a counter-revolutionary during the Reign of Terror, but was released in 1794. He signed a petition in 1799 to have the name of fellow painter Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun removed from the list of émigrés.
Little is known about his life during the subsequent Consulate and the Empire, though he was attested to be living in Paris's quartier de la Sorbonne in 1805 and 1811. In 1817, he was granted a pension by King Louis XVIII in the Bourbon Restoration. Boze died in Paris on 17 January 1826.

## Gallery
### Portraits

* King Louis XVI, c. 1784
* Queen Marie Antoinette, 1785
* Marquis de Castries, Marshal of France
* Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, Count of Mirabeau, 1789
* Jean-Paul Marat, 1793
* Profile of Maximilien de Robespierre attributed to Boze, c. 1794
* Jeanne-Louise-Henriette Campan, 1786
* Portrait of a French general of division, between 1791 and 1794
* Duchess Maria Elisabeth in Bavaria, undated
* Louis-Alexandre Berthier, Marshal of the Empire and husband of Maria Elisabeth, undated
# Anton Wilhelm Tischbein

Anton Wilhelm Tischbein, known as the Hanauer Tischbein (1 March 1730, Haina - 1 November 1804, Hanau) was a German painter from the Tischbein family of artists.

## Biography

His father was a baker. His four older brothers were all painters, the best-known of them being Johann Heinrich Tischbein. His first teacher was his brother Johann Valentin Tischbein. In 1753, he enrolled at the Royal Academy of Art in The Hague, which had an international reputation for its teaching in the Baroque style.
In 1758, he entered the service of Count Christian August von Solms-Laubach as his secretary. He moved to Hanau in 1769 to become court painter for William I, Elector of Hesse and, after 1772, worked to establish an art academy there and became a teacher.
He worked not only for the nobility, but also for wealthy aristocrats, including Johann Christian Senckenberg, the Brentanos and the La Roches. Portraits were his main work, but he also created historical scenes and small works known as "Kabinettstücke", as well as decorating the Lustschloss at Wilhelmsbad; now a park near Hanau.

## Sources

* Anton Merk: Anton Wilhelm Tischbein 1730–1804. (exhibition catalog), Schloss Philippsruhe, Hanau 2004
# Hiyoshi Tōshō-gū

Hiyoshi Tōshō-gū (日吉東照宮) is a Shinto shrine in Ōtsu, Shiga Prefecture, Japan. It enshrines the first Shōgun of the Tokugawa Shogunate, Tokugawa Ieyasu. It was established in 1623. The shrine's annual festival is held on June 1.
It used to be affiliated as a Setsumatsusha with Enryaku-ji but now it is considered a branch shrine of Hiyoshi Taisha.
# Friedrich Georg Weitsch

Friedrich Georg Weitsch (8 August 1758, in Braunschweig – 30 May 1828, in Berlin) was a German painter and etcher.

## Life and work

His father, Pascha Johann Friedrich Weitsch, was a well-known artist. His younger brother, Johann Anton August [de], also became a painter.
He initially studied with his father. After 1776, he continued his studies with Johann Heinrich Tischbein in Kassel. After studying at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf with Lambert Krahe, he obtained a position with the lacquerware manufacturer, Stobwasser [de], where his father was a painting instructor.
From 1784 to 1787, he lived abroad; first in Amsterdam, then in Rome and Florence. Upon returning home, he received an invitation from Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick, to work as his court painter. In that capacity, he created numerous portraits of the Duke and his family; both in Braunschweig and at Salzdahlum Castle. His portraits often showed the influence of Anton Graff.
In 1794, he was elected a member of the Prussian Academy of Arts, Berlin, and married Elizabeth Schroeder. The marriage was childless. Following the death of Bernhard Rode, he went to the academy to teach art history. He was named a Rector in 1798. That same year, he was appointed a Royal Court Painter.
His works may be seen at the Herzog Anton Ulrich Museum, the Städtisches Museum [de], and the Braunschweigisches Landesmuseum.

## Selected paintings

* Alexander von Humboldt (1806). Alte Nationalgalerie.
* Humboldt and his fellow scientist Aimé Bonpland at the foot of the Chimborazo volcano in Ecuador (imaginary scene, 1810)
* Karl August von Hardenberg (c. 1822)
* The composer Giacomo Meyerbeer as a boy (1802)
* Philosopher and physician, Markus Herz
* Russian commander Nikolay Kamensky (1810)

## Sources

* Paul Zimmermann (1896), "Weitsch, Friedrich", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 41, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 629–630
* Walther G. Oschilewski: "Erinnerung an Friedrich Georg Weitsch. Sein Wirken als Hofmaler und Akademiedirektor in Berlin", in Verein für die Geschichte Berlins, Jahrbuch „Der Bär von Berlin“. #23, Berlin 1978
* Norman-Mathias Pingel: "Weitsch, Friedrich Georg", in Manfred Garzmann, Wolf-Dieter Schuegraf (Eds.): Braunschweiger Stadtlexikon, Joh. Heinr. Meyer Verlag, Braunschweig 1996, ISBN 3-926701-30-7, pg. 136
* Gert-Dieter Ulferts: Weitsch, "Friedrich Georg", in Horst-Rüdiger Jarck, Günter Scheel (Eds.): Braunschweigisches Biographisches Lexikon – 19. und 20. Jahrhundert, Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1996, ISBN 3-7752-5838-8, pg. 644.
* Reimar F. Lacher: Friedrich Georg Weitsch (1758–1828). Maler, Kenner, Akademiker. Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-7861-2321-7
# James Hodges (mayor)

James Hodges (August 11, 1822 – February 15, 1895) was an American politician and businessman. He served as Mayor of Baltimore from 1885 to 1887.

## Early life

James Hodges was born on August 11, 1822, at Liberty Hall in Kent County, Maryland, to Mary Hanson (née Ringgold) and James Hodges Sr. Hodges was descended from many settlers of Kent County. William Hodges, Hodges's ancestor, came to Maryland from Virginia around 1665 and settled on a tract of land between Gray's Inn Creek and the Chesapeake Bay named Liberty Hall. Hodges's father was a farmer and represented Kent County in the Maryland legislature in 1823 and 1824. His father died in 1832.

## Career

Hodges moved to Baltimore and entered a commercial house. In 1846, Hodges and his brother started the firm Hodges Brothers, an importing business. Hodges became a member of the Board of Trade and attended the 1868 Philadelphia convention of the National Board of Trade. He was the author of a proposition for the government to start a Department of Commerce. He was the president of the Mercantile Library Association for several years.
In 1873, Hodges consented to be nominated for the Mayor of Baltimore, but withdrew. On May 4, 1877, Hodges was elected Commissioner of Finance in Baltimore by the Baltimore City Council, but resigned after a short time. In 1878, Hodges was nominated by President Rutherford B. Hayes to represent Maryland as an honorary commissioner at the Paris Exposition and was chosen by the Board of Trade of Baltimore to serve as a delegate at the France-American Commercial Treaty Conference.
In 1885, Hodges ran as a Democrat for the Mayor of Baltimore, defeating Judge George William Brown. He actively campaigned against the Know Nothing party and was an advocate for Sunday street car service in Baltimore. He served as mayor from November 2, 1885 to November 7, 1887. During his administration, several civil works projects began including improvements to Jones Falls, a new observatory at Federal Hill, and a one million dollar loan for Lake Clifton. A decimal system for numbering houses was instituted in Baltimore during his administration.

## Personal life

Hodges married Josephine A. Bash on November 30, 1847. They had four children: Mary Ella, Ida Virginia, Lily Hanson and William Ringgold.
Hodges died on February 15, 1895, at his home in Baltimore.
# George Musgrove (politician)

George Johnston Musgrove (September 11, 1865 – September 23, 1954) was a dentist and political figure in Ontario. He represented Niagara Falls in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1914 to 1919 as a Conservative member.
He was the son of John Musgrove and Mary A. Armstrong, both natives of Ireland, and was educated at the Clinton Collegiate Institute. From the age of 18 to 23, he taught school. In 1893, Musgrove married Jenny Small. Dr. George J. Musgrove died in 1954 at Guelph and was buried at Fairview Cemetery in Niagara Falls.
His brother Armstrong also served in the assembly.