OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gedaliah Aharon Koenig

Gedaliah Aharon Koenig (5 May 1921 – 7 July 1980), an Israeli rabbi and Breslover Hasid in Jerusalem, Israel, was the driving force behind the establishment of the Breslov community in Safed, which was led by his son, Rabbi Elazar Mordechai Koenig, and now by another son, Rabbi Ephraim Koenig.

## Biography

Born in the Old City of Jerusalem, Koenig became a Chabad Hasid during his teens. He was drawn to Breslov by Rabbi Abraham Sternhartz, a key figure in the chain of transmission of Breslov teachings from the early generations of the movement to the later ones. Sternhartz was the great-grandson of Reb Noson Sternhartz, the leading disciple of Rebbe Nachman of Breslov. Sternhartz immigrated from Uman, Ukraine to Jerusalem in 1936 and taught many students, producing Breslov leaders for coming generations. Koenig became one of Sternhartz's leading disciples.
At age 18, Koenig married Esther Yehudit, the daughter of Rabbi Dovid Moshe Ehrentrau of Jerusalem. His mentor, Abraham Sternhartz, performed the wedding ceremony.
When the Jews of the Old City were expelled by Jordanian forces during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, Koenig followed Sternhartz to the neighborhood of Katamon. He eventually made his home in Meah Shearim.
It was Sternhartz who entrusted Koenig with the mission of establishing a Breslov community in Safed. Koenig gave his life for this cause, raising funds and working to establish this Torah center, beginning in 1967.

## Scholarship

In addition to his work on behalf of the Breslov community in Safed, Koenig was renowned for his encyclopedic knowledge of Breslov teachings and Kabbalah. He wrote Chayei Nefesh, a book explaining the meaning of binding oneself to the tzaddik (in response to the Nefesh HaChaim by Rabbi Chaim Volozhin), which was published during his lifetime, and left many unpublished manuscripts filled with chiddushim (new Torah thoughts) on Likutey Moharan, Rebbe Nachman's major work. His collected letters, entitled Shaarei Tzaddik ("Gates to the Righteous"), were published prior to Rosh Hashanah in 2012 (5773) in two volumes. The following year, another two volumes were published, and today there are a total of ten volumes. Other writings of Rabbi Koenig remain in manuscript.
Koenig's two-room home in Meah Shearim was always open to those seeking advice and counsel. He was known for his ability to connect with any Jew, no matter his age or background.
Koenig died in Manchester, England on 7 July 1980 (23 Tammuz 5740), while fund-raising on behalf of the Breslov community in Safed. (He shares the same yahrtzeit as Rabbi Moses ben Jacob Cordovero of Safed, with whom he felt a lifelong affinity.) His widow, Esther Yehudit, died on Shavuot day, 9 June 2008.
# Punic Tabella Defixionis

The Punic Tabella Defixionis is a 7th or 6th century Punic language curse tablet, inscribed on a lead scroll, found in Carthage by Paul Gauckler in 1899. It is currently held at the Carthage National Museum. It is known as KAI 89.
It is unique as the only fully legible Tabella Defixionis (Latin for curse tablet) known in the Punic-Phoenician language.
The inscription reads:
R[B?]T
ḤWT
ʾLT
M[LK?]T
Š[Y?]SK
H[ʾ]
R[B?]T ḤWT ʾLT M[LK?]T Š[Y?]SK H[ʾ]
Gr[ea]t(?) Ḥawwat, goddess, q[ue]en(?), ne[cc]esary(?) is thi[s],
ʾTK
ʾNKY
MṢLḤ
ʾYT
ʾMʿ[Š]TRT
ʾTK ʾNKY MṢLḤ ʾYT ʾMʿ[Š]TRT
that ּwith you are I, Matzliah, Amoa[sh]tart,
WʾYT
ʿMRT
WʾYT
KL
ʾŠ
Lʾ
Kʾ
WʾYT ʿMRT WʾYT KL ʾŠ Lʾ Kʾ
and (not with you is) ʿMRT, and everything that belongs to her, for
ʿLŠʾ
ʿLTY
B[K]SP
$^{ʾŠ}$
ʾBRḤT
[ʾ?]/[Š?]L[M]
ʿLŠʾ ʿLTY B[K]SP $^{ʾŠ}$ ʾBRḤT [ʾ?]/[Š?]L[M]
she rejoiced against me in the [m]oney I'd lost [fo]re[ver](?)/[wh]ol[ly](?),
ʾM
ʾYT
KL
ʾDM
ʾŠ
[Š?]L[K?]/[ʾ?]L[Ṣ?]
ʿLTY
ʾM ʾYT KL ʾDM ʾŠ [Š?]L[K?]/[ʾ?]L[Ṣ?] ʿLTY
that any and every man who is [t]o y[ou](?)/[com]pe[lled](?) to me
[B]BRḤT
HKSP
Z
KM
TYSK
ʾʿPRT
[B]BRḤT HKSP Z KM TYSK ʾʿPRT
[in] stealing the money, will consume lead!
# François-Xavier Ceccoli

François-Xavier Ceccoli (born 27 October 1968) is a French politician who was elected member of the National Assembly for Haute-Corse's 2nd constituency in 2024.
# Palacio del Marqués de Casa Riera

The Palacio del Marqués de Casa Riera was the name for two successive buildings located in the same place, in the Spanish city of Madrid, in the number 64 of the Calle de Alcalá, it was in the widest part of the street.

## First palace

Its plant formed a rectangle parallelogram, consisting each of its four facades of three floors that were in all them in the same horizontal plan, serving as entrance to the building a spacious garden, which occupied the site of the old Convento de la Natividad y San José A portal with three entries, ornate with pillars, separated this garden from the Calle de Alcalá.
The building dates from early 19th century. It was built as a dowry for the Duchess of Abrantes, for which circumstance was designated with the name of "la casa de los alfileres" (the house of the pins). In the new building lived the Marquis of Ariza, the Russian ambassador, Prince Tatischef, and the famous provisionist of the French army and great financial Gabriel-Julien Ouvrard, in 1823 and 1824, at which time were held on its halls magnificent soirees and banquets, until it acquired the Catalan Marquis of Riera, who invested large sums in the decoration. The extension of the house and gardens was considerable, besides providing in front, on calle del Turco, other big housing for garages and offices, with which had connexion through a tunnel.

## Second palace

On 1893 the first palace was demolished, and the Marquis of Casa Riera's nephew, Alejandro Riera Mora rose another palace. The new building was designed by architect Rodriguez Avial, in stone walls, brick and slate with attic. Part of the large garden is acquired to work in the Círculo de Bellas Artes (Circle of Fine Arts of Antonio Palacios) in 1917 and the rest was demolished in the late-1920s.

## Remains

After the Spanish Civil War the site of the palace is occupied by a building that would be the Secretaría General del Movimiento (General Secretariat of the Movement) until 1977 and whose facade facing calle de Alcalá highlighted the yoke and arrows of great size that was its symbol. The garden was then used as parking. Then passed to the current office building of the Calle Alcalá No. 44, which can also be accessed through the garden from the calle Marqués Casa Riera. The office building reflects a simple structure, elegant and modern, with stone, marble and metals. Inside are touches of greenery and water, as continuation of the original gardens as well as a fountain of contemporary design in the center of the courtyard.
At the low facing the calle Alcalá is located the Catalan cultural center and library, called Blanquerna, as a tribute to the Catalan origins of the Marquis which gives his name to the street.
# Degeneracy

Degeneracy, degenerate, or degeneration may refer to:

## Arts and entertainment

* Degenerate (album), a 2010 album by the British band Trigger the Bloodshed
* Degenerate art, a term adopted in the 1920s by the Nazi Party in Germany to describe modern art
** Decadent movement, often associated with degeneracy
* Dégénération, a single by Mylène Farmer
* Degeneration (Nordau), an 1892 book by Max Nordau
* Resident Evil: Degeneration, a 2008 film
* "Degenerate", a song by Blink-182 from the album Dude Ranch
* "Degenerates", a song by A Day to Remember from the album You're Welcome
* "DEGENERATE", a 2024 song by Starset

## Science, mathematics, and medicine
### Mathematics

* Degeneracy (mathematics), a limiting case in which a class of object changes its nature so as to belong to another, usually simpler, class
* Degeneracy (graph theory), a measure of the sparseness of a graph
* Degeneration (algebraic geometry), the act of taking a limit of a family of varieties
* Degenerate bilinear form, a bilinear form on a vector space V whose induced map from V to the dual space of V is not an isomorphism
* Degenerate distribution, the probability distribution of a random variable which only takes a single value
* Degenerate conic, a conic (a second-degree plane curve, the points of which satisfy an equation that is quadratic in one or the other or both variables) that fails to be an irreducible curve
* Degenerate dimension, a dimension key in the fact table that does not have its own dimension table, because all the interesting attributes have been placed in analytic dimensions. The term "degenerate dimension" was originated by Ralph Kimball

### Quantum mechanics

* Degenerate energy levels, different arrangements of a physical system which have the same energy
* Degenerate matter, a very highly compressed phase of matter which resists further compression because of quantum mechanical effects
* Degenerate semiconductor, a semiconductor with such a high doping-level that the material starts to act more like a metal than as a semiconductor

### Other uses in science and medicine

* Degeneracy (biology), the ability of elements that are structurally different to perform the same function or yield the same output
** Codon degeneracy, in genetics
* Degeneration (medicine)
** Degenerative disease, a disease that causes deterioration over time
* Social degeneration, a late 19th–early 20th century sociological concept

## Other uses

* Degeneration, a type of semantic change
# Ugo Intini

Ugo Intini (30 June 1941 – 12 February 2024) was an Italian journalist and politician.

## Political career

A long-time member of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) and close aide of Bettino Craxi, Intini was spokesman of the PSI and representative of the party in the Socialist International. He founded the Socialist Party (PS) in 1996 and joined the Italian Democratic Socialists (SDI) in 1998. Intini led the electoral list of PSI in the region Liguria after Sandro Pertini and was elected three times in the Chamber of Deputies from 1983 to 1994. In 2001, he was elected again a deputy in the single-member district of East Genoa, a position he maintained until 2006. He served twice in the centre-left coalition-led government: from 2000 to 2001 as undersecretary to the Foreign Affairs and from 2006 to 2008 as Deputy Minister.
From 1981 to 1987, Intini was editor of Avanti!, the daily newspaper of the PSI. Among his many books, there is a history of this newspaper, whose editors were Leonida Bissolati, Benito Mussolini, Antonio Gramsci, Pietro Nenni, Giuseppe Saragat, Pertini, and Craxi. Intini died on 12 February 2024 at the age of 82.

## Electoral history

| Election | House | Constituency | Party | Votes | Result |
| 1983 | Chamber of Deputies | Genoa–Imperia–La Spezia–Savona | PSI | 28,808 | Y Elected |
| 1987 | Chamber of Deputies | Genoa–Imperia–La Spezia–Savona | PSI | 27,612 | Y Elected |
| 1992 | Chamber of Deputies | Genoa–Imperia–La Spezia–Savona | PSI | 30,758 | Y Elected |
| 2001 | Chamber of Deputies | Genoa – Sestri | SDI | 46,882 | Y Elected |
Source:
# Statue of Rocky Balboa (Žitište)

The Statue of Rocky Balboa (Serbo-Croatian: Статуа Рокија Балбое, Statua Rokija Balboe) is a bronze statue in Žitište, Serbia, dedicated to Rocky Balboa, main character from 1976 American sports drama film Rocky, portrayed by Sylvester Stallone. It was made by Croatian artist Boris Staparac, it was erected in 2007. Canadian director Barry Avrich made a documentary film Amerika Idol which depicts the events that preceded the creation of the statue, as well as the ceremony of its installation. The film also features Sylvester Stallone who portrayed the character of Rocky in eight films and A. Thomas Schomberg who made the famous Rocky statue in Philadelphia.
In 2011 the Lonely Planet guide included the monument to Rocky Balboa in Žitište, in its list of the "top 10 most bizarre monuments on Earth", along with Equestrian statue of the Duke of Wellington, Glasgow and the Washington National Cathedral in the United States.
# Wensheng District

Wensheng District (simplified Chinese: 文圣区; traditional Chinese: 文聖區; pinyin: Wénshèng Qū) is a district of the city of Liaoyang, Liaoning province, People's Republic of China.

## Administrative divisions

There are six subdistricts within the district.
Subdistricts:
* Wensheng Subdistrict (文圣街道), Wusheng Subdistrict (武圣街道), Xiangping Subdistrict (襄平街道), Nanmen Subdistrict (南门街道), Dongxing Subdistrict (东兴街道), Qingyang Subdistrict (庆阳街道)
# Casual Records of the Nenggai Studio

The biji (literally "notebook") Nenggai zhai manlu (能改齋漫錄 / 能改斋漫录, pinyin Nénggǎi zhāi mànlù, variously rendered Loose Records from the Studio of Possible Change, Random Notes from Able-to-Change Studio, Casual Records of the Nenggai Studio, and Recollections of the Master of Nenggai) was written by Wu Zeng (吳曾 / 吴曾, fl. 1127–1160) during the Song Dynasty. Wu Zeng was patronised by the politician Qin Hui (Chinese: 秦檜 / 秦桧) (1090–1155), and the text correspondingly often glorifies Qin Hui. Published in year twenty-seven of the Shaoxing (紹興) reign of the Southern Song (1157 CE), the work originally comprised around twenty booklets (Chinese: 卷).

## Contents

The current edition comprises eighteen themed juan arranged in thirteen chapters; a humorous section (huīxié tánxuè Chinese: 詼諧談謔 / 诙谐谈) has been lost. Many of the themes were conventional to notebooks of the time. They include:
* 1: The beginning of things (shìshǐ 事始), part 1
* 2: The beginning of things (shìshǐ 事始), part 2
* 3: Correction of errors (biànwù 辨誤 / 辨误), part 1
* 4: Correction of errors (biànwù 辨誤 / 辨误), part 2
* 5: Correction of errors (biànwù 辨誤 / 辨误), part 3
* 6: Events (shìshí 事實 / 事实), part 1
* 7: Events (shìshí 事實 / 事实), part 2
* 8: 沿襲
* 9: Geography (dìlǐ 地理), including geographical changes since antiquity
* 10: Discussions (yìlùn 議論 / 议论)
* 11: Records of poetry (jishi 記詩), situating poetry in its social contexts
* 12: 記事, part 1
* 13: 記事, part 2
* 14: Records and Writings, Similarities
* 15: Regional things (fangwu 方物), including the wonders of nature found in different places.
* 16: Yuefu poems (yuèfǔ 樂府 / 乐府), part 1
* 17: Yuefu poems (yuèfǔ 樂府 / 乐府), part 2
* 18: Spirits and ghosts (shenxian guiguai 神仙鬼怪), including supernatural wonders
The text often constitutes text-critical study and contains a great deal of literary material from the Tang and Song dynasties. It is also an important source for the history of Chinese eating and drinking culture, especially the Tang and Song dynasties, and of the Pearl Temple.

## Reception

It appears that, perhaps because Wu Zeng fell into political disfavour, Casual Records of the Nenggai Studio fell out of print from the Yuan period (1279-1368), if not before. However, Ming period scholars (1368-1644) found texts of the work and it returned to circulation.

## Editions

The work is included in many old book collections (congshu) and also in the book series on Chinese eating and drinking culture called Zhongguo pengren guji congkan.
* Wu, Zeng (1843). Nenggai zhai manlu (in Traditional Chinese).
* A modern corrected and punctuated edition was published in 1979 by the Shanghai guji chubanshe (上海古籍出版社) publishing house, which contains collected passages from books from the Song and Yuan dynasties as well as from the encyclopedia Yongle dadian (永樂大典 / 永乐大典).
* Wikisource
# Isoptericola rhizophila

"Isoptericola rhizophila" is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus of Isoptericola which has been isolated from rhizospheric soil from the tree Ficus benghalensis from the Bhitarkanika mangrove forest in India.
# Aurélien Dutremble

Aurélien Dutremble (born 23 December 1978) is a French politician of the National Rally who was elected member of the National Assembly for Saône-et-Loire's 3rd constituency in 2024. He serves as the departmental secretary of the RN in Saône-et-Loire, as a member of the Regional Council of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, and as a municipal councillor in Mâcon.
# Chequesset Inn

The Chequesset Inn was a 62-room hotel in Wellfleet, Massachusetts. It is credited with beginning the development of the town's tourism industry.

## History

The Chequesset Inn was built in 1902 on Mercantile Wharf, which stood on the banks of Wellfleet Harbor on what is currently Mayo Beach. L.D. Baker commissioned the construction of the inn after the collapse of the town's fishing industry. Before the inn was built, the town was home to a few Boston residents during the summer, but not many. The decline of the town's population was reversed after construction and tourism grew for years, giving rise to many businesses.
The Great Depression hit Wellfleet's economy hard in the 1930s, and the inn didn't survive to see it through. In 1934, a particularly cold winter caused ice chunks to form in the harbor, heavily damaging the pier's pilings and causing a partial collapse of the inn. The entire structure was torn down shortly after.

## Today

A marker currently sits where the wharf met the road. At low tide, the harbor's water recedes several hundred yards and the rotted stumps of the pilings of Mercantile Wharf are visible.
# Haageocereus pseudomelanostele

Haageocereus pseudomelanostele is a species of Haageocereus found in Peru.

## Description

Haageocereus pseudomelanostele grows shrubby, sometimes forming groups. The upright shoots are richly branched from the base up to 70 cm (28 in) high and 8 cm (3.1 in) in diameter. The large areoles are narrow and lined with white wool. The usually only one central spine is initially protruding, later directed downwards, strong, needle-like and up to 5 cm (2.0 in) long. Sometimes there are additional secondary 3 to 6 central spines with a gray tinge. Numerous yellowish radial spines are up to 1.5 cm (0.59 in) long and mixed with many white bristles up to 3 cm (1.2 in) long.
The white flowers are dark purple on the outside and have a greenish-white to red throat. They are about 10 cm (3.9 in) long. The bright red fruits are ovate, up to 6 cm (2.4 in) long and 4 cm (1.6 in) in diameter.

## Subspecies

This species is extremely variable, and different populations have been described as distinct species
The following are recognized subspecies:
| Subspecies | Distribution |
| Haageocereus pseudomelanostele subsp. aureispinus (Rauh & Backeb.) Ostolaza | Peru. |
| Haageocereus pseudomelanostele subsp. carminiflorus (Rauh & Backeb.) Ostolaza | Peru. |
| Haageocereus pseudomelanostele subsp. chryseus D.R.Hunt | Peru. |
| Haageocereus pseudomelanostele subsp. pseudomelanostele | W. Peru |
| Haageocereus pseudomelanostele subsp. turbidus (Rauh & Backeb.) Ostolaza | Peru. |

## Distribution

Haageocereus pseudomelanostele is found in the Peruvian regions of Ancash, Ica and Lima at altitudes of 300 to 2000 meters.

## Taxonomy

The first description as Cereus pseudomelanostele was made in 1932 by Erich Werdermann and Curt Backeberg. Curt Backeberg placed the species in the genus Haageocereus in 1936. Other nomenclatural synonyms are Binghamia pseudomelanostele (Werderm. & Backeb.) Backeb. (1932, incorrect name, ICBN article 11.4) and Echinopsis pseudomelanostele (Werderm. & Backeb.) Anceschi & Magli (2013).
# Raffaele Farigu

Raffaele Farigu (9 June 1934 – 27 June 2018) was an Italian politician who served as a Deputy from 1987 to 1994.
# Richard Horne

Richard Horne (born 16 July 1982) is the head coach at Doncaster in League 1, and a former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s, 2000s and 2010s. He played at representative level for Great Britain, Scotland and Yorkshire, and at club level in the Super League for Hull FC, primarily as a fullback, wing, centre, stand-off or scrum-half.

## Background

Horne was born in Kingston upon Hull, Humberside. He is the older brother of the rugby league footballer; Graeme Horne.

## Career

Horne made his début for Hull at the age of 16, and spent his entire career with the club. He has also played for Great Britain, and Scotland.
Horne played at stand-off half for Hull in the 2005 Challenge Cup Final victory against the Leeds Rhinos.
He set a Super League record of tries scored in succession by scoring tries in 13 consecutive games during 2006's Super League XI. Hull reached the 2006 Super League Grand final to be contested against St. Helens, and Horne played at scrum half back in his side's 4–26 loss.
On 27 October 2008, it was announced that Horne had signed a new three-year deal with Hull.
On 17 January 2010, Horne played his testimonial match against neighbours, Hull Kingston Rovers and Hull F.C. won, 28–16 in front of a crowd of over 16,000 supporters, and former Hull player Steve Prescott paid tribute to Horne.
Horne announced his retirement at the end of the 2014 season to become assistant coach to Lee Radford alongside Chris Tuson & Andy Last. In June 2017 Horne was announced as the new head coach of Doncaster R.L.F.C. taking over from Gary Thornton who left the club in May.
# Collado Villalba

Collado Villalba (Spanish pronunciation:) is a municipality of the Community of Madrid, in central Spain. It is located 40.3 kilometres north-west of the city of Madrid, at an altitude of 917 meters above sea level. It has a population of 64,263 (2022), with a population density of about 2,400 per km$^2$. Collado Villalba has a hot summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csa).

## Public transport
### Train

Collado Villalba has its own train station, which gives service to lines C-3a (Aranjuez - El Escorial - Santa María de la Alameda), C-8 (Guadalajara - Cercedilla) and C-10 (Aeropuerto T-4 - Villalba) of Cercanías Madrid. It also gives service to long distance trains going to Salamanca, Ávila or Valladolid.

### Bus

Collado Villalba has many bus lines, most of them connecting the town with Madrid.
* 630: Villalba - Galapagar - Colmenarejo - Valdemorillo
* 660: San Lorenzo de El Escorial - Guadarrama - Villalba
* 670: Villalba Hospital - Moralzarzal
* 671: Madrid (Moncloa) - Moralzarzal
* 672: Madrid (Moncloa) - Cerceda (through Mataelpino)
* 672a: Madrid (Moncloa) - Cerceda
* 673: Madrid (Moncloa) - Villalba
* 680: Alpedrete - Villalba Hospital
* 681: Madrid (Moncloa) - Alpedrete
* 682: Madrid (Moncloa) - Guadarrama
* 683 Madrid (Moncloa) - Collado Mediano
* 684: Madrid (Moncloa) - Guadarrama - Cercedilla
* 685 Majadahonda - Guadarrama
* 687: Madrid (Moncloa) - Villalba (Bus Station)
* 688: Madrid (Moncloa) - Los Molinos
* 691: Madrid (Moncloa) - Becerril de la Sierra - Navacerrada
* 696: Villalba Hospital - Navacerrada
* 720: Colmenar Viejo - Villalba
* 876: Madrid (Plaza de Castilla) - Moralzarzal - Villalba
* Night bus line 602: Madrid (Moncloa) - Villalba
* Night bus line 603: Madrid (Moncloa) - Moralzarzal
* Urban line 1: Train Station - Parque de La Coruña - City Center - Urbanizaciones
* Urban line 2 (circular): Train Station - Parque de La Coruña - Health Center - Los Negrales - Train Station
* Urban line 3: Train Station - El Gorronal - Villalba Hospital
* Urban line 4: Train Station - Parque de La Coruña - City Center
* Urban line 6: Train Station - Cantos Altos - City Center - Arroyo Arriba