OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Domleschg

Domleschg is a municipality in the Viamala Region in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Almens, Paspels, Pratval, Rodels and Tomils merged to form the new municipality of Domleschg.

## History

Almens is first mentioned in the first half of the 9th Century as de Lemenne. Paspels is first mentioned in 1237 as in villa Pascuals though the original record no longer exists. In 1246 it was mentioned as de Pascuals. Pratval is first mentioned in 1345 as Prau de Valle. Rodels is first mentioned in the mid-12th Century as ad Rautine. Tomils was created on 1 January 2009 through the merger of Feldis/Veulden, Scheid, Trans and Tumegl/Tomils.

## Geography

Based on the 2009 survey, the former municipalities that make up Domleschg had an area of 45.94 km$^2$ (17.74 sq mi). Of this area, 16.59 km$^2$ (6.41 sq mi) or 36.1% was used for agricultural purposes, while 22.66 km$^2$ (8.75 sq mi) or 49.3% was forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.5 km$^2$ (0.58 sq mi) or 3.3% was settled (buildings or roads), 0.33 km$^2$ (0.13 sq mi) or 0.7% was either rivers or lakes and 4.88 km$^2$ (1.88 sq mi) or 10.6% was unproductive land.
Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 1.6% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.5%. Out of the forested land, 42.5% of the total land area is heavily forested and 4.9% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 5.1% is used for growing crops and 9.6% is pastures and 20.7% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. Of the unproductive areas, 8.9% is unproductive vegetation and 1.7% is too rocky for vegetation.

## Demographics

The total population of Domleschg (as of December 2020) is 2,160.

## Historic population

The historical population is given in the following chart:

## Heritage sites of national significance

The Church of S. Luregn/St. Lorenz in Paspels, the Chapel of S. Maria-Magdalena in the hamlet of Dusch, Rietberg Castle in Pratval, the church of St. Maria E Maurezzi, the early medieval church of St. Murezzi and Ortenstein Castle in Tomils are listed as Swiss heritage sites of national significance. The regions around Paspels and Tumegl /Tomils-Ortenstein as well as the village of Almens are all part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.
The early medieval Church of S. Luregn/St. Lorenz was first mentioned in 1237. It was the parish church for the right side of the Hinterrhein valley. The Chapel of S. Maria-Magdalena was built in 1508 and was initially under the monastery of Churwalden. However, in the 16th Century, the hamlet of Dusch converted to the Reformation and therefore the chapel was also converted.
* Chapel of St. Lorenz
* Chapel of St. Maria-Magdalena
* Rietberg Castle
* Interior of the Catholic Church of St. Maria E Maurezzi
* Ortenstein Castle
* Early medieval church of St. Murezzi
# Głodowo-Dąb

Głodowo-Dąb is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kołaki Kościelne, within Zambrów County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) west of Kołaki Kościelne, 8 km (5 mi) north-east of Zambrów, and 56 km (35 mi) west of the regional capital Białystok.
# Christos Kollias

Christos Kollias (born December 13, 1986, in Amaroussion, Greece) is a Greek basketball player. He is 1.90m (6 ft 2+ in) tall and plays the shooting guard position. He currently plays for Papagou B.C.

## Career

He has played for the youth team of Panathinaikos Athens. In 2004 he transferred to Pagrati BC and played there for 3 years. In 2007-2008 he played for Halkida BC. He has also played for AS Ionikos Neas Filadelfeias BC 2008-2009.
# Greek Tragedy and the British Theatre 1660–1914

Greek Tragedy and the British Theatre 1660–1914 is a non-fiction book authored by Edith Hall and Fiona Macintosh. It was published on 15 September 2015 by the Oxford University Press. Chronological coverage is from the British Restoration to the early twentieth century.
# Jøssund, Flatanger

Jøssund is a village in Flatanger Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is situated at the end of the Jøssundfjord, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of the village of Seter in neighboring Osen Municipality and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of the municipal center, Lauvsnes. The population has been declining steadily since World War II, but there is still a shop and cafe in the village.
# Vitina, Ljubuški

Vitina is a village in Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the 1991 census, the village is located in the municipality of Ljubuški.

## Geography

It is located in the Ljubuško polje.
There is no official weather shelter of the Federal Hydrometeorological Institute of Bosnia and Herzegovina, but air temperature data is available by the amateur measurements.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 1,951.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Croats | 1,920 | 98.4% |
| Bosniaks | 13 | 0.7% |
| Serbs | 2 | 0.1% |
| other/undeclared | 16 | 0.8% |
| Total | 1,951 | 100% |
# Curtiss CT

The Curtiss CT-1 model 24, a twin engine torpedo bomber mounted on floats, was first flown in 1921.

## Development

The US Navy was looking for a new torpedo bomber following a demonstration of sinking a battleship with an aircraft. A specification was announced requiring a twin floatplane that could be sled launched and crane recovered at sea. The aircraft had a maximum span of 65 feet (20 m) which could be broken down into 25 feet (7.6 m) sections for shipboard storage. Prototypes of the Curtiss CT-1, Stout ST-1, Fokker FT-1 and Blackburn Swift F were evaluated at the Anacostia Naval Yard. Curtiss won an initial contract to build nine torpedo bombers on June 30, 1920, but the order was canceled and only one acceptance prototype was built. The aircraft was constructed in Rockaway, New York.

## Design

The aircraft had twin booms, twin tails, twin floats and a single cockpit. A turret was placed high above and behind the pilot to have a full 360 degree firing arc. The thick airfoil wings were cantilevered without struts or wires using three spars. The fuselage was made of traditional welded tube frame with the-then new technology of an aluminum skin. The rest of the aircraft was of welded tube with a fabric covering. The engine nacelles were deeply recessed into the wings. Two under-wing Lamblin radiators provided cooling. Engine stands were located for mechanics to work on the aircraft. Single-engine operation resulted in a height loss of 100 ft per minute.

## Operational history

The first water taxi tests were performed by Bert Acosta on 2 May 1921 at NAS Rockaway, resulting in larger rudders added for stability. The sheet metal formed motor mounts and tail structure required reinforcement. The engines overheated, and could only fly for 20 minutes at a time.
The aircraft was demonstrated to the US Navy at the Annacostia Naval Yard and at the war college at Fort McNair, Washington, D.C. The aircraft was given the serial number A-5890, and the navy designation CT-1, for "Curtiss" "Torpedo bomber (number one)"-"variant one".

## Specifications Curtiss CT-1

Data from Curtiss Aircraft 1907–1947
General characteristics
* Crew: 3
* Length: 46 ft 0 in (14.02 m)
* Wingspan: 65 ft 0 in (19.81 m)
* Height: 14 ft 6 in (4.42 m)
* Wing area: 830 sq ft (77 m$^2$)
* Airfoil: Curtiss C-32
* Empty weight: 7,684 lb (3,485 kg)
* Gross weight: 11,208 lb (5,084 kg)
* Powerplant: 2 × Curtiss D-12 water-cooled V12 engines, 435 hp (324 kW) each
* Propellers: 2-bladed
Performance
* Maximum speed: 93 kn (107 mph, 172 km/h)
* Range: 300 nmi (350 mi, 560 km)
* Service ceiling: 5,200 ft (1,600 m)
* Time to altitude: 10 min to 2,600 ft (790 m)
Armament
* Guns: 1 or 2 Lewis guns
# Projection pursuit

Projection pursuit (PP) is a type of statistical technique that involves finding the most "interesting" possible projections in multidimensional data. Often, projections that deviate more from a normal distribution are considered to be more interesting. As each projection is found, the data are reduced by removing the component along that projection, and the process is repeated to find new projections; this is the "pursuit" aspect that motivated the technique known as matching pursuit.
The idea of projection pursuit is to locate the projection or projections from high-dimensional space to low-dimensional space that reveal the most details about the structure of the data set. Once an interesting set of projections has been found, existing structures (clusters, surfaces, etc.) can be extracted and analyzed separately.
Projection pursuit has been widely used for blind source separation, so it is very important in independent component analysis. Projection pursuit seeks one projection at a time such that the extracted signal is as non-Gaussian as possible.

## History

Projection pursuit technique were originally proposed and experimented by Kruskal. Related ideas occur in Switzer (1970) "Numerical classification" pp31–43 in "Computer Applications in the Earth Sciences: Geostatistics, and Switzer and Wright (1971) "Numerical classification of eocene nummulitids," Mathematical Geology pp 297–311. The first successful implementation is due to Jerome H. Friedman and John Tukey (1974), who named projection pursuit.
The original purpose of projection pursuit was to machine-pick "interesting" low-dimensional projections of a high-dimensional point cloud by numerically maximizing a certain objective function or projection index.
Several years later, Friedman and Stuetzle extended the idea behind projection pursuit and added projection pursuit regression (PPR), projection pursuit classification (PPC), and projection pursuit density estimation (PPDE).

## Feature

The most exciting feature of projection pursuit is that it is one of the very few multivariate methods able to bypass the "curse of dimensionality" caused by the fact that high-dimensional space is mostly empty. In addition, projection pursuit is able to ignore irrelevant (i.e. noisy and information-poor) variables. This is a distinct advantage over methods based on interpoint distances like minimal spanning trees, multidimensional scaling and most clustering techniques.
Many of the methods of classical multivariate analysis turn out to be special cases of projection pursuit. Examples are principal component analysis and discriminant analysis, and the quartimax and oblimax methods in factor analysis.
One serious drawback of projection pursuit methods is their high demand on computer time.
# Tim Briggs (surgeon)

Professor Timothy William Roy Briggs, CBE FRCS (born December 1957) is an orthopaedic surgeon at the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust (RNOH), chairman of the Federation of Specialist Hospitals, Chair of the Veterans Covenant Healthcare Alliance and a former president of the British Orthopaedic Association.

## Early life

Tim Briggs was born in December 1957. He qualified at the Royal London Hospital in 1982.

## Career

Briggs was appointed a consultant orthopaedic surgeon at the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital in 1992. He was medical director at the RNOH for 15 years. He is chairman of the Federation of Specialist Hospitals and a former president of the British Orthopaedic Association.
He was appointed National Director for Clinical Quality and Efficiency by Jeremy Hunt in October 2015. When appointed he said that surgical patients were at risk of infections because beds were not “ring-fenced” for those undergoing the same types of procedures. There was a 25-fold variation in infection rates for the same procedure in different hospitals. He had visited 211 hospitals and seen unwanted variation in practice. He thought that some consultants carrying out too few procedures to become sufficiently skilled, and in some places junior staff were given too much responsibility. His report on hip replacement concluded that at least 35 operations a year were needed before a surgeon could produce acceptable results. He produced tables showing the data both for hospitals and for individual surgeons and this had striking effects. The number of infections and failed operations fell, as did the cost of follow-up surgery and litigation. His "Getting it Right First Time" (GIRFT) expanded into 40 medical and surgical specialities. Jeremy Hunt attributes this to the "unusual combination of competitiveness and altruism that is innate to most doctors".
Briggs served as the training programme director for the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital registrar (resident) training programme for over 20 years, supporting and leading the training of hundreds of trauma and orthopaedic surgeons during this time.
# Gregory Brigman

Gregory Brigman (born February 27, 1987) is an American Paralympic football player and soccer referee. He was first called up to the United States National Paralympic Team in March 2016, and traveled with the team for a competition in Salou, Spain in May 2016. He then represented the US at the 2016 Rio Games.

## Personal

Brigman was born on February 27, 1987, and is from Harrisburg, North Carolina.
Brigman is a soccer referee for the United States Soccer Federation, refereeing on a state level. He has refereed a number of matches including a 2013 game between Charlotte Eagles and Charleston Battery, a 2016 game between Charlotte Independence and Bethlehem Steel.

## Cerebral palsy football

Brigman is a CP7 footballer, who plays in the defense. He tried to crowd fund US$6,000 to compete in Rio but only raised US$2,600.
Brigman took part in a national team training camp in Chula Vista, California in early March 2016. This was his first call up to participate in a national team training camp. He was with the team again at a national team training camp in April 2016 in Florida. Brigman was part of the United States Paralympic National Team that took part in the 2016 Pre Paralympic Tournament in Salou, Spain. The United States finished 6th after beating Argentina in one placement match 4 - 3 and losing to Ireland 4 - 1. The goals scored in the match against Argentina were the first the USA scored in the tournament, before putting up one more in their match against Ireland. The tournament featured 7 of the 8 teams participating in Rio. It was the last major preparation event ahead of the Rio Games for all teams participating.
# Ledesma, Castile and León

Ledesma (Spanish pronunciation:) is a town in the province of Salamanca (Spain). According to the 2016 census there are 1,767 inhabitants. The municipality of Ledesma includes rural land and covers a total of 141.22 km$^2$ (54.53 sq mi). Its altitude is 730 metres (2,400 ft) above sea level. Its postal code is 37100.
In ancient Roman times, the town was called Bletisa. It is possible that the Bletonesii lived in this area.

## Heritage
### The Castle

What can be seen today of the building is a small part of the original. The entire wall that covered this fortress outside the walls has been lost. The part within the walls such as the accesses and towers connected it to an annex building, possibly a palace.

### La Plaza de la Fortaleza

The Plaza de la Fortaleza is a large landscaped esplanade that shelters a series of subways, vaulted chambers, conduits, and powder magazines. There are cellars and water pipes of the palace which construction started in the late fifteenth century to early sixteenth century.

### Casa Consistorial (Town Hall)

It is a building started in 1484, rectangular in shape and constituted as a large solid building and almost fortified in appearance.

### Puente Mocho

The Mocho Bridge is located 3 km north of Ledesma, on the Roman road that linked Ledesma with Zamora to save the Cañedo riverbank. It has five semicircular arches. Its construction has been repeatedly attributed to Roman times.

### Gothic and Renaissance palaces

There are several palaces that Ledesma preserves from the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries.

### Iglesia de Santa María la Mayor (Church)

Begun to build in the last third of the 12th century in the final Romanesque style. Today, only the arch through which Calle de los Curas runs in the lower part of the tower remains.
The great extension that was made between 1492 and 1500 was commissioned to Juan Gil de Hontañón el Viejo and consists of the construction of the entire nave of the church up to the triumphal arch that separates it from the Main Chapel and the middle body of the tower, decorated with the typical Elizabethan balls.
The style of this work is considered one of the greatest exponents of the Spanish-Flemish Gothic style due to the ribbed vaults of "herringbone" and the risky curved arch of the back choir. In 1556 Juan Gil de Hontañón the Mozo was commissioned to build the highest part of the tower and the project of the Main Chapel, finally carried out by Pedro de Inestrosa and Pedro de Gamboa.
# Conrad Justinger

Conrad Justinger was a 14th-century chronicler who was probably born in Strasbourg.
Justinger, who had learned the trade of a chronicler in his home town, appears to have moved to the city of Bern in the last quarter of the 14th century. From 1390 until his death, Justinger served the city of Bern as a magistrate and notary public.
In 1388, Justinger copied Jakob Twinger von Königshofen’s treatise Computus Novus Chirometralis. Justinger’s handwriting furthermore appears in a number of chancellery documents of the city of Bern, such as the Udelbuch from 1390, the Satzungenbuch (German: ‘Statutes Book’) from 1398, the Freiheitenbuch (German: ‘Book of Liberties’) from 1431 as well as a Habsburg urbarium written after 1415. In 1420, Justinger, who was appointed chronicler of the city of Bern around 1400, was entrusted by the Bernese council to chronicle the history of his hometown. This chronicle, which Justinger completed in 1430, is known under the name of Bernese Chronicle (German: Chronik der Stadt Bern).
Conrad Justinger, whose name was frequently omitted in later publications of the Bernese Chronicle, probably died childless in April 1438. The original is lost, but a copy of the text survives in Jena. The original may have been illustrated; if so, that would make it the precursor of the late 15th century Swiss illustrated chronicles.
# California Baptist Lancers women's basketball

The California Baptist Lancers women's basketball team is a basketball team that represents California Baptist University in Riverside, California, United States. The California Baptist Lancers compete as members of the Division I Western Athletic Conference (WAC). They are currently led by head coach Jarrod Olson and play at the Fowler Events Center.
In the 2020–21 season, the Lancers won the WAC regular season championship with a perfect 14–0 record. Despite being ineligible for the NCAA tournament due to being in the third year of a four-year transition from Division II to Division I, they were allowed by the WAC to compete in the conference tournament. They won the semifinal and final matchups against New Mexico State and Grand Canyon, respectively, by 43 combined points. Under normal circumstances, Cal Baptist would have thus secured the automatic bid to the 2021 NCAA tournament from the conference, but due to its ineligible status was not allowed to participate in the NCAA tournament or any other NCAA-sponsored postseason tournament. Utah Valley, the WAC's second-place finisher in the regular season, received the WAC's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament (the program's first). The Lancers finished the year with a 26–1 record.
In the 2023–24 season, the Lancers earned their first NCAA appearance as a division one school.

## Postseason
### NAIA Division I

The Lancers made the NAIA women's basketball championship two times, with a combined record of 1–2.
| Year | Seed | Round | Opponent | Result |
| 1982 | #7 | First Round | #2 Berry | L 65–102 |
| 2011 | #2 | First Round Second Round | #7 Texas Wesleyan #6 Shawnee State | W 88–75 L 58–64 |

### NCAA Division I

The Lancers have played in the Women's Basketball Invitational once. They won the 2023 title.
| Year | Round | Opponent | Result |
| 2023 | First Round Semifinals Championship | North Dakota Georgia Southern New Mexico State | W 96–79 W 82–80 W 63–61 |
# Projekt-27

Projekt 27, usually referred to as P-27, was a secret intelligence-gathering unit of the Swiss Armed Forces between 1981 and 1990. It was part of the Swiss military intelligence service UNA, tasked with the "gathering of intelligence under unusual and dangerous conditions". It was formed as a planned wartime intelligence structure and distinguished from Projekt 26 or P-26, which was the counterpart of NATO's own stay-behind network. It was dissolved in 1990 after its existence was made public in the wake of the secret files scandal, exposed during a parliamentary investigation headed by Senator Carlo Schmid. The commission discovered that the intelligence-gathering activities of these clandestine organizations, along with the cantonal and federal police forces, compiled dossiers of around 900,000 individuals and organizations who were placed under surveillance due to suspected "un-Swiss" behavior.
# Totok

Totok is an Indonesian term of Javanese origin, used in Indonesia to refer to recent migrants of Arab, Chinese, or European origins. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries it was popularised among colonists in Batavia, who initially coined the term to describe the foreign born and new immigrants of "pure blood" – as opposed to people of mixed indigenous and foreign descent, such as the Peranakan Arabs, Chinese or Europeans (the latter being better known as the Indo people).
When more pure-blooded Arabs, Chinese and Dutchmen were born in the East Indies, the term gained significance in describing those of exclusive or almost exclusive foreign ancestry.
'Peranakan' is the antonym of 'Totok', the former meaning simply 'descendants' (of mixed roots), and the latter meaning 'pure'.
Chinese were divided into Thanh people (like Totok) and Minh Huong (mixed Chinese Vietnamese like Peranakan) in 1829 by Emperor Minh Mang of the Nguyen dynasty.

## Notable Dutch Totoks and descendants

* Paul Acket [nl] (Semarang, Java, 1922), founder of the North Sea Jazz festival
* Albert Alberts (1911–1995), award winning author, journalist
* Beb Bakhuys (1909–1982), football player and manager
* Ben Bot (born in Batavia) (b. 1937), minister
* Hans van den Broek (b. 1936), minister
* Jeroen Brouwers (1940-2022), author
* Conrad Busken Huet (1826–1886), newspaper editor on Java (1868–1876)
* Louis Couperus (1863–1923), childhood in Batavia, Java (1871–1877), author of The Hidden Force (1900)
* P. A. Daum (1850–1898), newspaperman, author
* Johan Fabricius (1899–1981), author of De Scheepsjongens van Bontekoe (1923)
* Anthony Fokker (Blitar, Java, 1890–1939), aviation pioneer
* Hella Haasse (Batavia, Java, 1918–2011), award winning author
* Erik Hazelhoff Roelfzema (Surabaya, Java, 1917–2007), decorated World War II hero
* W. R. van Hoëvell (1812–1879), church minister of Batavia, political activist (1838–1848)
* Xaviera Hollander (b. 1943), author
* Rudy Kousbroek (1929–2010), author
* Liesbeth List (b. 1941), singer
* Multatuli (1820–1887), resident on Ambon and Java (1838–1858), iconic author
* Willem Nijholt [nl], artist, singer
* Willem Oltmans (1925–2004), journalist, author
* Helga Ruebsamen (1934–2016), author
* F. Springer (1932–2011), author
* Bram van der Stok (Plaju, Sumatra, 1915–1993), decorated World War II hero
* Madelon Szekely-Lulofs (Surabaya, 1899–1958) author of Rubber(1931) and Koelie (1931)
* Peter Tazelaar (Bukittingi, Sumatra, 1922–1993), decorated World War II hero
* Edgar Vos (Makassar, 1931-2010), fashion designer
* Margaretha Geertruida Zelle (1876–1917), known as Mata Hari, exotic dancer, spy