OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Robert Stevenson Thomson

Prof Robert Stevenson Thomson FRSE FFPSG (1858–1905) was a 19th-century British physician.

## Life

He was born in Southampton to Scots parents. His father was a civil engineer and Robert's name appears a homage to the engineer Robert Stevenson. The family spent much time in St. Petersburg in Russia during his early years. Here he learnt both German and Russian before returning to Britain to his father's home town of Glasgow. Robert was then educated at Glasgow Academy before studying Medicine at Glasgow University gaining a general degree first (1880) before qualifying MB CM in 1882. He had practical experience at Glasgow Western Infirmary before becoming Resident Physician at the Belvidere Fever Hospital. He then undertook a year's postgraduate study in Vienna before returning to Glasgow as House physician under Dr James Finlayson.
In 1887/8 he transferred to the City Smallpox Hospital and remained there until death. He also began assisting Prof Samson Gemmell teaching at the Anderson College. When Gemmell went to Glasgow University as Professor of Clinical Medicine in 1899, Thomson replaced him at the Anderson College as Professor of Systematic Medicine.
He received his doctorate (MD) in 1897 and received the Bellahouston gold medal for his thesis.
In 1900 he was living at 3 Melrose Street in Glasgow: a three-storey and basement 19th century terraced townhouse.
In 1901 Glasgow University gave him a second doctorate (DSc).
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1902. His proposers were John Gray McKendrick, Magnus Maclean, John Souttar McKendrick and Andrew Freeland Fergus.
By 1904 he was living at 12 Blythswood Square in central Glasgow.
He died in February 1905 probably of smallpox or a smallpox related disease.

## Family

He was married but had no children.
# Ludwig Gruno, Hereditary Prince of Hesse-Homburg

Ludwig Johann Wilhelm Gruno, Hereditary Prince of Hesse-Homburg (15 January 1705 – 23 October 1745) was hereditary prince of Hesse-Homburg, member of the House of Hesse and an Imperial Russian field marshal in the service of Empress Elizabeth of Russia.

## Early life

He was the eldest surviving son of Frederick III, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg and his wife Princess Elisabeth Dorothea of Hesse-Darmstadt (1676–1721), daughter of Louis VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt.

## Biography

He studied at the University of Giessen and was sent by his father to Russia in 1723. He became Major-General in Riga and commander of the Narva-Regiment. As the grandson of Princess Louise Elisabeth of Courland, he hoped in vain to succeed his cousin Ferdinand Kettler as Duke of Courland. Anna of Russia moved him to Saint Petersburg, where he was promoted to General-Lieutenant and commander of the Saint Petersburg garrison.
In 1732, he led a successful campaign against the Crimean Tatars in the Caucasus. After operations in Eastern Poland in 1734-1735, he again fought against the Crimean Tatars and the Turks in 1736-1737, but now under command of Count Burkhard Christoph von Münnich. He was awarded with the rank of General-Feldzeugmeister and was appointed Governor of Astrachan and the Persian provinces.
Ludwig Gruno also had good relations with the new Empress Elizabeth of Russia. She gave him in 1742 the title of General-Fieldmarshal, a house in Moscow and an estate in Livonia.
He died from illness on a travel in Berlin. He pre-deceased his father and was buried in the crypt of Bad Homburg Castle.

## Family

Ludwig Gruno of Hesse-Homburg married Princess Anastasija Trubetskaya, widowed Princess Cantemir, on 3 February 1738.
By birth she was member of House of Trubetskoy as a daughter of Prince Ivan Trubetskoy, cousin of Prince Nikita Trubetskoy. She was widow of Dimitrie Cantemir, Prince of Moldavia. They had no children.

## Sources

* Deutsche Biographie
# Malesardi Quadrangle

Malesardi Quadrangle (formerly known as the Athletic Quadrangle) is a quadrangle at Bucknell University in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, United States.
Originally known as the Athletic Quadrangle, it was renamed in 2016 after Robert Malesardi, a member of the Class of 1945, pledged $20 million to the college. It was the single-largest gift in the college's history. Malesardi died in 2021, aged 96.
The quadrangle is located on a plateau above Dent Drive to the west. The Freas Hall admissions building is beneath the plaza, accessed from Dent Drive. Vaughan Literature Building overlooks the quadrangle from the north, Bertrand Library and clocktower from the east, and Coleman Hall from the south. From the quad, the Susquehanna Valley is in view to the west.
Senior Sunsets and Commencements take place on the quad.
* Freas Hall sits below the quadrangle
* Looking northwest toward the Vaughan Literature Building (2024)
# Malus florentina

Malus florentina is a species of apple known by the common names Florentine crabapple and hawthorn-leaf crabapple. It is native to the Balkan Peninsula and Italy, and it is grown elsewhere as an ornamental tree.

## Description

The tree is deciduous, upright and vase shaped, growing up to 8 to 6 metres (26 to 20 feet). It is cold hardy to UK zone 4 and the United States Department of Agriculture's zones 4–8, and is not frost tender. It blossoms in June, and the seeds ripen from October to November. Flowers appear in corymbs.
The fruit is oval, measuring about 15 by 8 millimetres (5⁄8 by 3⁄8 in). It ripens in mid autumn and usually blets on the tree.

## Etymology

The botanical name florentina and common name florentine refer to the municipality of Florence, Italy, which has a major history of botanical collection in their famous Renaissance gardens. The other common name hawthorn-leaf refers to its distinct toothed leaf shape, which closely resembles that of a hawthorn and is unusual for a crabapple.

## Toxicity

The seeds of all crabapples contain hydrogen cyanide, which can be toxic if consumed in large quantities.

## Uses

The fruit be eaten raw or cooked. When bletted, it has a mealy texture with a soft acid flesh, is refreshing in small quantities.
The species is suitable for cultivating in all kind of soils, with all levels of pH, but prefers moist or wet soil that is well drained. It prefers full sun but can also manage when semi-shaded.
# Milíčov

Milíčov (Czech pronunciation:) is a municipality and village in Jihlava District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
Milíčov lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) west of Jihlava and 104 km (65 mi) south-east of Prague.
# Karam Rajpal

Karam Rajpal is an Indian television actor and a photographer.

## Acting career

He started his acting career by playing the role of Ayush Parekh, a lead role in the TV series Hamari Saass Leela which he left later on, due to some internal issues. He then joined the TV show Parichay where he played the role of Rohit Thakral, a recurring antagonist who was the brother of Richa Thakral. At the same time, he joined another TV show Kya Huaa Tera Vaada where he played the role of Madhav Chawla, a cameo who fakes his love for the protagonist's sister only for revenge. He then joined a youth TV show Suvreen Guggal – Topper of The Year where he played the role of Samar Raghuvanshi. Afterwards, he was a part of a TV show named Rakshak on Life OK where he played the role of police inspector Hemant Parulekar who wants to catch the vigilante Rakshak. The TV show Rakshak went largely unnoticed by the viewers. Beginning of 2014, he played the role of Sameer/Iqbal, the main lead in the TV show Nadaan Parindey opposite Gulki Joshi.
Lately, he played the role of Shivam Shrivastav in the TV show Mere Angne Mein on Star Plus, opposite Ekta Kaul and Richa Mukherjee for almost 2 years. The show was launched in June 2015 and went off-air in August 2017. In October 2017, he booked a negative role in Naamkarann as Vidyut.
In 2022, he played the lead role in the television show Rang Jaun Tere Rang Mein opposite Megha Ray on Dangal. In January 2023, he played the lead character Dev in Ishq Ki Dastaan - Naagmani on Dangal.

## Filmography
### Television

| Year | Serial | Role | Notes |
| 2011 | Hamari Saas Leela | Ayush Parekh | Supporting Role |
| 2011–2012 | Parichay | Rohit Thakral | Negative Role |
| 2012 | Kya Huaa Tera Vaada | Madhav Chawla | Supporting Role |
| 2013 | Suvreen Guggal – Topper of The Year | Samar Raghuvanshi | Supporting Role |
| 2013 | Rakshak | Hemant Parulkar | Supporting Role |
| 2014 | Nadaan Parindey Ghar Aaja | Sameer Atwal | Lead Role |
| 2014 | Nadaan Parindey Ghar Aaja | Ameer "Iqbal" Atwal | Lead Role |
| 2015–2017 | Mere Angne Mein | Shivam Shrivastav | Lead Role |
| 2017–2018 | Naamkarann | Vidyut Pandit | Negative Role |
| 2018 | Chandrashekhar | Bhagat Singh | Supporting Role |
| 2018 | Laal Ishq – Chhalawa | Akshay (Episode 1) | Episodic Role |
| 2018 | Qayamat Ki Raat | Ajay Pratapsingh | Negative Role |
| 2018 | Qayamat Ki Raat | Kaalasur | Negative Role |
| 2019 | Muskaan | Sujoy Das | Supporting Role |
| 2019–2020 | Manmohini | Mann "Shiv" Sisodia | Lead Role |
| 2020 | Gudiya Hamari Sabhi Pe Bhari | Guddu Pehelwan | Supporting Role |
| 2022 | Rang Jaun Tere Rang Mein | Dhruv Pandey | Lead Role |
| 2022 | Rang Jaun Tere Rang Mein | Deva Pandey | Lead Role |
| 2023 | Ishq Ki Dastaan - Naagmani | Dev Mishra | Lead Role |
| 2023 | Ishq Ki Dastaan - Naagmani | Shivay | Lead Role |
| 2024 | Qayaamat Se Qayaamat Tak | Raj Raghuvanshi | Lead Role |

### Reality Shows

| Year | Show | Role | Notes | Ref. |
| 2016 | Box Cricket League 2 | Contestant | Team: Pune Anmol Ratan | |

### Films

| Year | Title | Role | Notes | Ref. |
| 2013 | Mere Dad Ki Maruti | Daljeet Bhinder | Guest appearance | |
# Philipp Furtwängler

Friederich Pius Philipp Furtwängler (April 21, 1869 – May 19, 1940) was a German number theorist.

## Biography

Furtwängler wrote an 1896 doctoral dissertation at the University of Göttingen on cubic forms (Zur Theorie der in Linearfaktoren zerlegbaren ganzzahligen ternären kubischen Formen), under Felix Klein. Most of his academic life, from 1912 to 1938, was spent at the University of Vienna, where he taught for example Kurt Gödel, who later said that Furtwängler's lectures on number theory were the best mathematical lectures that he ever heard; Gödel had originally intended to become a physicist but turned to mathematics partly as a result of Furtwängler's lectures. From 1916, Furtwängler became increasingly paralysed and, without notes, lectured from a wheelchair while his assistant wrote equations on the blackboard.
Some of Furtwängler's doctoral students were Wolfgang Gröbner, Nikolaus Hofreiter, Henry Mann, Otto Schreier, and Olga Taussky-Todd. Through these and others, he has over 3000 academic descendants.
He is now best known for his contribution to the principal ideal theorem in the form of his Beweis des Hauptidealsatzes für Klassenkörper algebraischer Zahlkörper (1929).
Philipp Furtwängler was a grandson of the organ builder Philipp Furtwängler (1800-1867) and a second cousin of the conductor Wilhelm Furtwängler.

## Selected publications

* with Helmut Hasse and W. Jehne: Allgemeine Theorie der algebraischen Zahlen. Vol. 8. Teubner, 1953.
# Yassine Tekfaoui

Yassine Tekfaoui (born 17 October 2001) is a Dutch footballer who plays as a winger for Hoogland. He also holds Moroccan citizenship.

## Playing career

After being named talent of the year at his hometown club CJVV Amersfoort in 2016, Tekfaoui joined the IJsselmeervogels academy later that year. He regularly trained with the first team and even made his unofficial debut at the age of 15 in September 2017, appearing as a member of the starting lineup during a friendly against Magreb '90.
He made the switch to Utrecht in the summer of 2018, initially joining their under-19 team. After playing limited minutes off the bench in his first season, he had a breakout start to the 2019–20 season. He made his professional debut with Utrecht's reserve team Jong Utrecht on 6 December 2019, coming on for Hicham Acheffay in the final minutes of a 1–1 draw with MVV Maastricht. A few weeks later he signed his first professional deal with Utrecht.
On 31 August 2021, he terminated his contract with Utrecht by mutual consent and returned to IJsselmeervogels for the 2021–22 season.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 1 June 2020.
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Jong Utrecht | 2019–20 | Eerste Divisie | 1 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
# Nishikyō-ku, Kyoto

Nishikyō-ku (西京区) is one of the eleven wards in the city of Kyoto, in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. Its name means "west capital ward" and it is situated on the western edge of the city, to the south of center. The ward was established on October 1, 1976, after it was separated from Ukyō-ku. The Katsura River is the border between Nishikyo-ku and Ukyo-ku.
Katsura Imperial Villa, on that river, is one of the most widely known features of Nishikyo-ku. Saihō-ji, the Moss Temple, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the ward.
Matsunoo-taisha, a Shinto shrine, is also located in Nishikyō-ku.
As of October 1, 2021 the ward has an area of 59.24 km$^2$ and a population of 148,370.

## Education

* International Research Center for Japanese Studies
* Katsura Campus, Kyoto University
* Kyoto City University of Arts
* Kyoto College of Economics
# Otluk Mountains

The Otluk Mountains (Turkish: Otluk Dağları), is a mountain range in eastern Turkey that extends at the zero point of the borders of Muş, Bulanık and Korkut districts. It is located in the middle part of Muş province.

## Geology and geomorphology

The range is located within the Karasu creek basin. The highest point of the Otluk mountains is located on a pointed hill exceeding 2100 meters near Üçsırt village of Muş central district.
# John Brownlee (statistician)

John Brownlee (1868–1927) was a British physician and medical statistician who became the first director of the Statistics Department of the UK's Medical Research Committee.

## Life

The son of a Church of Scotland minister, he studied at the University of Glasgow, obtaining degrees first in mathematics and natural philosophy and then in medicine. He became in 1900 physician-superintendent to the City of Glasgow Fever Hospital. In 1914 he became the founding director of the statistics department of the UK Medical Research Committee and held the post until his sudden death from bronchopneumonia in 1927.

## Works

Brownlee was influenced by Karl Pearson's mathematical approach to statistics, and applied the Pearson family of distributions to epidemics. In the view of fellow epidemiologist and statistician Major Greenwood, Brownlee took these techniques further than any of his contemporaries. His studies included the epidemiology of phthisis and measles.
# Patara, Nagorno-Karabakh

Patara (Armenian: Պատարա) or Badara (Armenian: Բադարա) is a village in the Khojaly District of Azerbaijan, in the region of Nagorno-Karabakh. Until 2023 it was controlled by the breakaway Republic of Artsakh. The village had an ethnic Armenian-majority population until the exodus of the Armenian population of Nagorno-Karabakh following the 2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh.

## Toponymy

The village was historically known as Ptretsik (Armenian: Պտրեցիկ).

## History

During the Soviet period, the village was a part of the Askeran District of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast.
After the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, Artsakh launched the construction of a new settlement for IDPs in the area between Patara and the neighboring village of Astghashen, for people displaced from the villages of Sghnakh, Jraghatsner, Madatashen and Moshkhmhat in the Askeran Province. The village was heavily bombarded during the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War, and much of its territory is littered with unexploded ammunition.

## Historical heritage sites

Historical heritage sites in and around the village include the small chapel of Drbasut Yeghtsi (Armenian: Դրբասուտ Եղցի), a cemetery from between the 9th and 13th centuries, a village, cemetery, and khachkar from between the 10th and 13th centuries, a 12th/13th-century fortress, the church of Tsera Nahatak (Armenian: Ծերա Նահատակ) built in 1326, the 12th/13th-century monastery of Okhty Yeghtsi (Armenian: Օխտը Եղցի), the 12th/13th-century monastery of Otskavank (Armenian: Օծկավանք), the 13th-century church of Surb Amenaprkich (Armenian: Սուրբ Ամենափրկիչ, lit. 'Holy Savior'), the restored three-nave St. Stephen's Church (Armenian: Սուրբ Ստեփանոս եկեղեցի, romanized: Surb Stepanos Yekeghetsi) built in 1870, and a 19th-century watermill.

## Economy and culture

The population is mainly engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry. As of 2015, the village has a municipal building, a secondary school, a house of culture, two shops, and a medical centre.

## Demographics

The village had 849 inhabitants in 2005, and 815 inhabitants in 2015.

## Gallery

* St. Stephen's Church, built in 1870
* Religious shrine
* Municipal building
* Village school
* Vodka production in the village
* A monument to victims of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
* Scenery
* Panorama
* Monument
* The 12th/13th-century Okhty Yeghtsi Monastery
# Shalimar Paints

Shalimar Paints BSE: 509874 is an Indian paints manufacturing company. The company engages in the manufacturing and marketing of decorative paints and industrial coatings. Some of India's buildings and structures such as the Howrah Bridge, Rashtrapati Bhawan, Salt Lake Stadium, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, and many others, continue to be painted with Shalimar Paints.

## History

Shalimar Paints was founded in 1902 by two British entrepreneurs AN Turner and AC Wright as Shalimar Paints Colour & Varnish Ltd. In the same year, the company set up a large scale manufacturing plant in Howrah, West Bengal, the first such plant in entire South East Asia. In 1928, Pinchin Johnson & Associates of UK bought control from the British entrepreneurs AN Turner and AC Wright. In 1963, the company's name was changed to Shalimar Paints Ltd after Turner Morisson & Co stepped in as new management.
With access to high-end technology, the company introduced many firsts in the industrial coatings segment such as high build zinc coatings, radiation resistant coatings for nuclear power plants, polyurethane paint for fighter aircraft and railway coaches, among others. Shalimar was the first company to paint a fighter aircraft for the Indian Army.
In a pivotal move in 1972, Shalimar transitioned into a public domain, marking a strategic milestone in its corporate history. Fast forward to 1989, the company underwent a noteworthy transformation through its acquisition by the influential O.P. Jindal Group in collaboration with the Hong Kong-based S.S. Jhunjhnuwala Group. This strategic partnership not only altered Shalimar's trajectory but also laid the foundation for dynamic developments and collective success.
# Sky Show

Sky Show was a channel on satellite TV, owned by Sky Italia and broadcast on channel 116.
The channel mainly had comedic content, including the show Shake It (produced by the channel itself), and Scherzi a parte taken from the Happy Channel. Channel also featured sitcoms and international programs. Its slogan was Si fa per ridere (It makes for a laugh). On 21 April 2009 the channel was closed down after Sky Vivo was relaunched as Sky Uno. By 1 August 2015 they replaced the channel by a relaunched version of MTV Italy called MTV.it.

## TV series

* Aída
* H
* Rodney
* Crumb
* Radio Sex
* Moonlighting
* Tre cuori in affitto
* Absolutely Fabulous
* Green Wing
* Sport Night
* Weeds
* Cuori senza età
* Birra e patatine
* Samantha Oups!

## Show

* Shake It
* Geppi Hour
* Scherzi a parte Remix
* Seven Show

## Films

* Funny and Gay movies (every Friday evening at 9 pm - 2007)

## Reality shows

* Since January 12, 2009 it has been broadcasting Grande Fratello 9 live 24 hours a day
# Finnish Steam Locomotive Class F1

The Finnish Steam Locomotive Class F1 was a class of tank locomotives, which did not have to be turned at terminal stations. The water tank was located below the space behind the cab, in contrast to more modern tank locomotives where the water tanks usually placed either side of or on top of the boiler.
F1 locomotives were used in Helsinki, Tampere, Turku and Viipuri for local traffic, which they could easily handle. When the local transport in the early 1900s increased, the F1 locomotives proved no longer sufficiently powerful, and they were replaced by more powerful Vk1/I1 locomotives. They were employed moving lightweight mixed trains short distances, a task for which they were well suited. The F1s were withdrawn in the 1930s. The only surviving F1 is the number 132 at the Finnish Railway Museum, which is painted in the livery that was applied as new.
# Strictispiridae

Strictispiridae is a taxonomic family of small predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea, the cone snails and their allies.
This family has no subfamilies.
Since 2018, this family has been included in the family Pseudomelatomidae.

## Genera

Genera in the family Strictispiridae used to include:
* Cleospira McLean, 1971
** Cleospira bicolor (Sowerby I, 1834)
** Cleospira ochsneri (Hertlein & Strong, 1949)
* Strictispira McLean, 1971
** † Strictispira acurugata (Dall, 1890)
** Strictispira coltrorum Tippett, 2006
** Strictispira drangai (Schwengel, 1951)
** Strictispira ericana (Hertlein & Strong, 1951)
** Strictispira paxillus (Reeve, 1845)
** Strictispira redferni Tippett, 2006
** Strictispira stillmani Shasky, 1971

### Species brought into synonymy

* Strictispira solida (C. B. Adams, 1850) : synonym of Clathrodrillia solida (C. B. Adams, 1850)