OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Stephen Dartnell

Stephen Dartnell (30 April 1931 – 1994) was a British actor, who appeared in several television programmes. He is best known for his two 1964 appearances in the first season of Doctor Who. He portrayed Yartek, leader of the Voord, in The Keys of Marinus and John, a mineralogist who has been driven to mania, in The Sensorites. Dartnell also made appearances in the 1960 feature films Circle of Deception and Oscar Wilde. He was also a theatre director and was active with the Citizens Theatre in Glasgow.

## Personal life

As a gay young man during the early 1950s, Dartnell found himself the victim of homophobic abuse when a youth threw paint over him and mocked his sexuality. The youth then went home and told his father that the actor had propositioned him. The father went to the police but when the case came to court, the judge threw it out for being indefensible and the father and son were fined for wasting police time and perjury. As a result, for fear of bad publicity, Dartnell was kicked out of Joan Littlewood's Theatre Workshop (as was Harry Greene for sticking up for him) but was supported throughout this ordeal by Harry H. Corbett and Marjie Lawrence.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1960 | Oscar Wilde | Cobble | |
| 1960 | Saturday Night and Sunday Morning | Clubhouse worker | uncredited |
| 1960 | Circle of Deception | Brunner | uncredited |
| 1972 | Second Best | — | Director/Writer (short film) |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1955 | BBC Sunday Night Theatre | Military recruit | Season 6, episode 44: "The Makepeace Story #3: Family Business" |
| 1955 | Othello | Sailor | TV movie |
| 1960 | ITV Television Playhouse | Jack Palmer | Season 5, episode 30: "Incident" |
| 1964 | Doctor Who | Yartek John | Season 1: (7 episodes) |
| 1965 | A Tale of Two Cities | Jacques One | Series 1 (4 episodes) |
| 1966 | Theatre 625 | Barman | Season 3, episode 21: "A Man Like That" |
# Kutuzovskaya (Moscow Central Circle)

Kutuzovskaya (Russian: Кутузовская) is a station on the Moscow Central Circle of the Moscow Metro that opened in September 2016.

## Name

Originally planned to be named Kutuzovo, the city altered the name slightly to Kutuzovskaya in concert with the connecting station Kutuzovskaya on Filyovskaya Line.

## Transfer

Passengers may make free out-of-station transfers to Kutuzovskaya station on the Filyovskaya Line. It is also possible to make a free transfer to the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya Line and Kalininsko-Solntsevskaya Line at Park Pobedy; however the distance of more than one kilometer makes this impractical.
# Zoulfa Katouh

Zoulfa Katouh (born March 29, 1994) is a Canadian author of young adult fiction. Her debut novel, As Long As The Lemon Trees Grow, was published in 2022.

## Life and career

Katouh was born on March 29, 1994, in Calgary, Canada, but was raised between Dubai and Switzerland, where she has completed her master's degree in drug sciences. She is of Syrian descent.
Her debut novel, As Long As The Lemon Trees Grow, was the first book by a Syrian author to be published by Bloomsbury Publishing and Little, Brown Books for Young Readers. She began writing it in 2017. It was published in September 2022 in both the United States and the United Kingdom. It was a finalist for the 2023 Governor General's Awards, an annual Canadian collection of recognition of distinction in various fields. She is the winner of the Amy Mathers Teen Book Award 2023 and was nominated for the Carnegie Medal (literary award), Yoto Carnegie Medal for Writing 2024. Her debut novel has been translated into twenty-three languages.

## Personal Life

She is a fan of BTS, Taylor Swift, Hayao Miyazaki, and Cinnabon.
# John Goligher

John Cedric Goligher (1912–1998) was a British surgeon who specialised in diseases of the rectum and colon and in coloproctology. He was "renowned worldwide" and had "a national and international reputation" He is considered to have been "one of the preeminent clinical investigative surgeons" of his time.

## Early life

John Cedric Goligher was born on 13 March 1912 in Derry, Ireland. He was educated at Foyle College. He went on to study medicine at the University of Edinburgh where he qualified with the MB ChB degree in 1934.

## Career

Goligher studied at the University of Edinburgh where he attained postgraduate qualifications as a surgeon (MRCS) in 1938, and attained his professional fellowship qualifications the same year (FRCS and FRCSEd). He attained his Master of Surgery qualification nine years later in 1947 (ChM). His career began at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh. During World War II he worked first at St Mark's Hospital and then for five years (from 1941) in the Royal Army Medical Corps. After the war, he worked at St Mary's Hospital in London. He left London in 1955 to take up a post as Professor of Surgery at the University of Leeds and Director of the Professorial Surgical Unit at Leeds General Infirmary. He worked at Leeds until his retirement in 1978.

## Professional bodies and societies

Goligher was a member of the following professional bodies:
* Royal College of Surgeons of England
* Royal Society of Medicine
* Association of Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland
* British Society of Gastroenterology

## Fellowships and memberships

Goligher was a member or fellow of numerous British and foreign medical societies and organisations:
* American College of Surgeons
* American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons
* Royal Australasian College of Surgeons
* Brazilian College of Surgeons

## Lectures

Goligher was in great demand as a lecturer, giving over 20 named lectures during his lifetime.

## Later life

Goligher retired to Wetherby in West Yorkshire where he established a successful private practice. He died aged 85 on 18 January 1998.

## Honours and awards

Goligher's honours and awards include the following:
* 1978 Bradshaw Lecture - Recent Trends in the Treatment of Carcinoma of the Rectum (delivered 6 November 1978)
* 1980 Honorary Doctor of Science (DSc) of the University of Leeds
* 1981 Lister Medal - The Skeptical Chirurgeon (delivered 6 April 1983)
Goliger also received honorary doctorates from: Queen's University Belfast, the University of Gothenburg, the University of the Republic (Uruguay), and the University of Hull.

## Legacy

The John Goligher Colorectal Surgery Unit at Leeds Hospital is named after Goligher. Memorial medals and lectures have been named for him. The Goligher retractor is named for him.

## Works

* Surgery of the Anus, Rectum and Colon (1961), second edition in 2000
* Ulcerative Colitis (1968)
# Jean Richafort

Jean Richafort (c.1480 – c.1547) was a Netherlandish composer of the Renaissance, a member of the third generation of the Franco-Flemish School.
He was probably born in Hainaut, and his native language appears to have been French. According to the poet Ronsard, Richafort studied with Josquin des Prez, an association further borne out by the fact that he composed a requiem "in memoriam Josquin Desprez". Richafort served as choir master at St. Rumbold's Cathedral in Mechelen between 1507 and 1509, and at St. Giles' church in Bruges between 1542 and 1547—leaving a huge gap in the record of his activity. At some time between these dates he was associated with the French royal chapel, since some of his music is for official occasions connected with Louis XII, and there is some evidence he may have been in Brussels in 1531 in the service of Queen Mary of Hungary, who was regent there.
Musically, Richafort was a representative of the first generation after Josquin, and he followed his style in many ways. In some of his music he used fragments of Josquin's compositions as a tribute. Richafort's compositional techniques are typical of the period (smooth polyphony, pervasive imitation, etc.) but he was unusually attentive to the clear setting of text so the words could be understood.
He wrote a requiem for six voices (Requiem in memoriam Josquin des Prez, 1532), masses, motets, settings of the Magnificat, two secular motets, and chansons.

## References and further reading

* Article "Jean Richafort," in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie. 20 vol. London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980. ISBN 1-56159-174-2
* Gustave Reese, Music in the Renaissance. New York, W.W. Norton & Co., 1954. ISBN 0-393-09530-4

## Recordings

* Christus resurgens, motet (with the mass by Adrian Willaert based on it), CD Naxos 8.553211
* Requiem [in memoriam Josquin Desprez], performed by the Huelgas Ensemble, CD Harmonia Mundi HMC 901730 (reissue HMA 1951730)
* Missa Pro Defunctis, performed by Cinquecento, CD Hyperion CDA67959
* Requiem. Tributes to Josquin Desprez, performed by the King's Singers, CD Signum SIG 326.
# Ben Kaye

Ben Kaye (born 19 December 1988) is an English rugby league footballer who last played as a hooker for the Batley Bulldogs in the Championship.
He played for the Leeds Rhinos and Harlequins RL in the Super League, and for Featherstone Rovers and Halifax in the Championship.

## Background

Kaye was born in Morley, West Yorkshire, England. Kaye played junior rugby league for Churwell Chiefs ARLFC and played for England at under-16 level.

## Career

He made a try scoring début against Harlequins RL in March 2008 when playing for Leeds. After a spell in London with Harlequins RL Kaye headed back north to join Championship club Featherstone Rovers. On 18 August 2020 it was reported that Kaye would join Batley for the 2021 season.
# Max Lercher

Maximilian Lercher (born 24 September 1986) is an Austrian politician and former member of the National Council. A member of the Social Democratic Party, he represented Upper Styria from October 2019 to October 2024. He was a member of the Landtag Styria from October 2010 to September 2018.
Lercher was born on 24 September 1986 in Judenburg. He is the son of a bus driver and a post office manager. He has a Bachelor's of Arts degree in political science from the University of Vienna. He was the Social Democratic Party (SPÖ)'s State Managing Director in Styria from 2014 to 2018 and the SPÖ's Federal Managing Director from 2018 to 2019. He was managing director of Leykam Medien AG, a company controlled by the SPÖ in Styria, from 2019 to 2023. In October 2019 the right wing Österreich newspaper claimed that Lercher had been given a three-year consulting contract with SPÖ at €20,000 per month but in fact the contract was between SPÖ and Leykam and Lercher's salary for being MD of Leykam was only €6,000 per month. In September 2023 he was appointed head of the Dr. Karl Renner Institute's state office in Burgenland.
Lercher was chairman of the Socialist Youth Austria (SJ)'s Styrian branch from 2008 to 2013. He has held various positions on the Upper Styria West and Styrian branches of the SPÖ as well as its federal executive. He was elected to the Landtag Styria at the 2010 state election. He resigned from the Landtag in September 2018 and was replaced by Wolfgang Moitzi. He was elected to the National Council at the 2019 legislative election. In September 2023 Lercher announced that he would not be seeking re-election.
Electoral history of Max Lercher :
| Election | Electoral district | Party | Votes | % | Result |
| 2010 state election | Upper Styria | Social Democratic Party | 761 | 0.80% | Elected |
| 2015 state election | Upper Styria | Social Democratic Party | 484 | 0.70% | Elected |
| 2019 legislative | Upper Styria | Social Democratic Party | 7,354 | 13.92% | Elected |
| 2019 legislative | Styria | Social Democratic Party | 1,966 | 1.49% | Not elected |
| 2019 legislative | Federal List | Social Democratic Party | 2,921 | 0.29% | Not elected |
# Jennifer Sarvary Bradford

Jennifer Sarvary Bradford is a Sweden-American lawyer and policy analyst who has served on the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Corruption and Economic Crime Branch since 2013. Bradford's work has aimed at quantifying and analyzing gender and corruption issues primarily on the African continent, resulting in the publication The Time is Now - Addressing the gender dimensions of corruption. She was recently named co-ordinator of UNODC's anti-corruption work in Africa.
Bradford has worked at the United Nations since 1998 in multiple duty stations, including New York, Democratic Republic of the Congo office and in Addis Ababa
# Harald Ellefsen

Harald Ellefsen (born 11 December 1950) is a Norwegian jurist and politician for the Conservative Party.

## Early life and political career

He was born in Oslo, took his secondary education in Trondheim, enrolled as a student in 1970 and graduated as cand.jur. in 1976. He spent time from 1971 to 1972 in Drew University. He worked as a part-time journalist in Adresseavisen and Aftenposten between 1971 and 1976, and was a police superintendent in Trondheim from 1977 to 1978. He was then a deputy judge in Onsøy for a year. He returned to Trondheim as chief superintendent from 1980 to 1988, and he also edited the magazine Politiembetsmennenes Blad. He worked as a police inspector from 1988 to 1997 and then lawyer.
Ellefsen was a member of Trondheim city council from 1975 to 1978. He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Sør-Trøndelag in 1985, and was re-elected on two occasions. He had previously served in the position of deputy representative during the term 1981–1985, but halfway during this term he moved up as a regular representative following the death of Hermund Eian.
Ellefsen has been a member of the board of the Politiembetsmennenes landsforening (1979–1983), Adresseavisen (1993–2001), the National Insurance Scheme Fund (1998–) and Statskog SF (2005–).
# Colin Manning

Colin Manning was New Hampshire Governor John Lynch's Press Secretary starting on December 18, 2006. He stayed on with Lynch until Lynch's final year in office in 2012, at which point, according to Kevin Landrigan, Manning left for a communications position at Harvard, which he started on October 29 of that year.
Before Manning was Lynch's Press Secretary, he was the statehouse reporter for Foster's Daily Democrat from 2002 to 2006. Prior to that, from 1999 to 2002 he was a correspondent for the Manchester Union Leader. Manning was also a contributor to WMUR's Sunday morning public affairs program "Closeup."
He is a 1997 graduate of the University of New Hampshire.
# Mle 1951 AP blast mine

The Mle 1951 (Model 1951) or MI AP ID 51 is a small circular French brown plastic cased minimum metal mine anti-personnel blast mine. The mine uses a pressure fuze that works by driving a firing pin through a friction sensitive compound (a mixture of Red Phosphorus and glass). The mines safety is a small cap that sits over the pressure fuze and prevents it being pressed. The mine can be used with anti-handling devices.
The mine was in service with the French Army and was used in Algeria. It was superseded by the Mle 1955 mine (MI AP DV 59)

## Specifications

* Height: 52 mm
* Diameter: 70 mm
* Weight: 85 g
* Explosive content: 45 g of Tolite and 15 g of Tetryl
* Operating pressure: 5 kg
# Belsize House

Belsize House was a historic residence in Belsize Park in what is today the London Borough of Camden. It was a country estate located south of Hampstead, which was then some distance away from the outskirts of the capital.

## History

An Elizabethan manor house stood on the site. Daniel O'Neill, an Irish Cavalier in the English Civil Wars, was granted Belsize House by Charles II following the Restoration in 1660. O'Neill rebuilt the house in 1663 and it again underwent significant further remodelling from 1744 to 1746.
After 1720, Belsize became a place of public entertainment to cater to the growing traffic heading towards the fashionable Hampstead Wells. This included serving refreshments as well as turning the grounds into pleasure gardens. It soon gained a reputation for hosting gambling as well.
It subsequently reverted to being a residence. The politician Spencer Perceval rented the house between 1798 and 1807. He later served as Prime Minister before his assassination in 1812. It was demolished in 1853 and replaced by a series of streets of white stucco residences to provide upmarket housing for the expanding population of the city. These included Belsize Park Gardens while Belsize Lane a little to the north is an older road. The old house stood close to what is now St Peter's Church on Belsize Square and faced eastwards. What was once the old elm-lined approach to the house is now Belsize Avenue which heads east to Haverstock Hill.
# Għajn Ħadid Tower

Għajn Ħadid Tower (Maltese: Torri ta' Għajn Ħadid), originally known as Torre di Salomone and known by locals as Xagħra Tower (Maltese: It-Torri tax-Xagħra), is a ruined watchtower in Selmun, limits of Mellieħa, Malta. It was built in 1658 as the first of the De Redin towers. The tower has been in ruins since its upper floor collapsed in an earthquake in 1856.

## History

Għajn Ħadid Tower was the first De Redin tower to be built, between March and May 1658. The total cost of construction was 529 scudi, 2 tari and 8 uqija. It was built on a cliff face overlooking Mġiebaħ Bay, having views of l-Aħrax tal-Mellieħa, Comino, Gozo, St. Paul's Bay and Baħar iċ-Ċagħaq.
The design of the tower was based on the Sciuta Tower, which had been built in 1638 in Wied iż-Żurrieq. It had a square plan with two floors and a turret on the roof, with the entrance being a doorway located on the first floor, that could only be reached by a retractable ladder. The design continued to be used for all the other De Redin towers in Malta.
According to a 1743 report in which all coastal towers were inspected due to the fear of a plague, the tower was armed with two bronze cannons, gun wheels and stock, eighteen cannonballs, fifteen rotolos of gunpowder, four muskets and twelve rotolos of musket balls. It was manned by six people.
The area around the tower contains a number of fields with rubble walls that were used to grow crops and house animals. A well dug into solid rock is also found a couple of metres away from the tower. Both the fields and the well were probably used by the militia stationed in the tower since the tower was in a remote location and was difficult to supply. The tower was therefore self-sufficient. A small defensible room pierced by musketry loopholes is located nearby, but it is not known if this predates the tower or if it was built after it. The remains of a small sentry room can also be seen in the area. All these features are unique to Għajn Ħadid Tower.

## Collapse

Għajn Ħadid Tower was severely damaged in an earthquake on 12 October 1856, when its upper floor collapsed. Most of the stones were then removed to be used in other buildings, but part of the scarped base still exists. The defensible room near the tower survived the earthquake, and still exists today. Despite the tower's collapse, its ruins are still important as they clearly show elements of the tower's architecture which are not normally visible in the still standing towers. Since the other De Redin towers are almost identical, more information about their construction can be found by studying Għajn Ħadid Tower.
The commemorative plaque that was originally on the tower is on public display at a garden in Tas-Salib Square in Mellieħa. The tower's 6-pound cannon was retrieved in 1975 by the Historical Society of Mellieħa, and it is now displayed along with the plaque at the same garden.
On the plaque it is written:
   SEXTAM SPEULAM. PRO GARINARVM. AC INCOLARVM TUTIORI STATIONE, ERIGENTI, MELITEN S. POPVLVS PRINCIPI SVO CLEMENT PRO. VT IN CORDE. SIC IN L…RIDE GRATES DEBITAS REDDEBAT AN. 1658.
# Laila Biali

Laila Biali (born 3 October 1980) is a Canadian jazz singer and pianist. She has been nominated for and won a Juno Award and has worked with Chris Botti and Sting.

## Career

Born in Vancouver, Biali began playing piano at a young age. She studied classical piano for many years. At the Royal Conservatory of Music she was attracted to jazz, and when she was nineteen she entered Humber College in Toronto. Four years later she released the album Introducing the Laila Biali Trio.
She moved to New York City and found work as a pianist and vocalist for other musicians. While touring with Paula Cole, she met drummer Ben Wittman, and she and Wittman later married. In 2009 she sang background vocals for Sting's DVD A Winter's Night: Live from Durham Cathedral. She toured with Chris Botti and Suzanne Vega. She has performed at Carnegie Hall in New York City and at Glenn Gould Theatre in Toronto.
Her second album, Tracing Light (2010), received a Juno Award nomination. She recorded House of Many Rooms (2014) with strings and the Toronto Mass Choir. For this album Biali wrote songs and the arrangements. In 2014, she joined the female band Rose & the Nightingale. A few years later she appeared as guest host for Tonic, a jazz program on CBC Radio 2, then became the regular host for Saturday Night Jazz.
Her self-titled 2018 album won the Juno Award for Vocal Jazz Album of the Year.

## Awards and honours

* CBC Galaxie Prize, Rising Star Award, National Jazz Awards
* Society of Composers, Authors and Music Publishers of Canada Keyboardist of the Year and Composer of the Year, National Jazz Awards
* 2020 SOCAN Special Award. Haygood Hardy Award for excellence in jazz, instrumental or world music

## Discography

* Introducing the Laila Biali Trio (self-released, 2003)
* Laila Live (CBC, 2006)
* From Sea to Sky (CBC, 2007)
* Tracing Light (self-released, 2010)
* Live in Concert (self-released, 2012)
* House of Many Rooms (self-released, 2014)
* Laila Biali (ACT, 2018)
* Out of Dust (ACT, 2020)
* Your Requests (ACT, 2023)