OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hydnoroideae

Hydnoroideae is a subfamily of parasitic flowering plants in the order Piperales. Traditionally, and as recently as the APG III system it given family rank under the name Hydnoraceae. It is now submerged in the Aristolochiaceae. It contains two genera, Hydnora and Prosopanche:
* Prosopanche is native to Central and South America;
* Hydnora can be found in semi-arid to desert regions of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and Madagascar.
Members of this subfamily have been described as the strangest plants in the world.

## Description

The most striking aspect of the Hydnoroideae is probably the complete absence of leaves (not even in modified forms such as scales). Some species are mildly thermogenic (capable of producing heat), presumably as a means of dispersing their scent.

### Morphology in pictures

* Hydnora johannis, young plant in Um Barona, Wad Medani, Sudan.
* Hydnora triceps, roots at Gemsbokvlei Farm, Wolfberg Road, southeast of Port Nolloth, South Africa, 2003
* Flower of Hydnora africana in Karasburg District, Namibia, 2002.
* Emerging flower of Hydnora africana in a desert dominated by Euphorbia mauritanica near Fish River Canyon, in the south of Namibia, 2000
* Hydnora johannis in flower in Um Barona, Wad Medani, Sudan
* Flowers of Hydnora triceps in Namaqualand, South Africa, 1999
* Hydnora triceps, freshly cut fruit near Port Nolloth, South Africa, 2002
* Hydnora triceps, hollowed out mature fruit near Port Nolloth, South Africa, 2002

## Ecology

The plants are pollinated by insects such as dermestid beetles or carrion flies, attracted by the fetid odor of the flowers. In Hydnora africana there are bait bodies with a strong smell, whereas in Hydnora johannis the scent comes from a region at the tip of the perianth called a cucullus. The flowers may be above ground or underground. The fruits have edible, fragrant pulp, which attracts animals such as porcupines, monkeys, jackals, rhinoceros, and armadillos, as well as humans. The host plants, in the case of Hydnora, generally are in the family Euphorbiaceae and the genus Acacia. Hosts for Prosopanche include various species of Prosopis and other legumes.

## Biochemistry

The plants contain high levels of tannins.

## Genomics

The complete plastid genome sequence of one species of Hydnoroideae, Hydnora visseri, has been determined. As compared to the chloroplast genome of its closest photosynthetic relatives, the plastome of Hydnora visseri shows extreme reduction in both size (27,233 bp) and gene content (24 genes appear to be functional). The plastome of Hydnora visseri is therefore one of the smallest among flowering plants.

## Classification

Like many parasitic plants, the affinities with non-parasitic plants are not obvious, and 19th and 20th century botanists proposed a variety of placements for the taxon. Molecular data places them in the Piperales, and nested within the Aristolochiaceae and allied with the Piperaceae or Saururaceae.
# Ole Frithjof Klemsdal

Ole Frithjof Klemsdal (26 July 1923 – 18 August 2008) was a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party.
He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Vest-Agder in 1981, and was re-elected on one occasion. He had previously served in the position of deputy representative during the term 1973–1977.
Born in Mandal, he was a member of Mandal city council from 1953 to 1963, serving as deputy mayor from 1957 to 1958.
He had education from a business school and a technical school, and spent most of his career as an administrator at Mandal Motorfabrikk.
# Frederic von Franquemont

Friedrich von Franquemont (5 March 1770 – 2 January 1842) was a Württembergian general during the Napoleonic Wars and later a Württemberg State Secretary and Minister of War.

## Life

Franquemont was born in Ludwigsburg, the son of an illegitimate union of Charles Eugene, Duke of Württemberg (1728–1793) and the dancer Regina Monti. On 5 July 1775, at the age of five, he became a pupil at the Karlsschule Stuttgart. In 1787 he left school and became a 2nd Lieutenant in the Württemberg Cape Regiment, a unit recruited for foreign service and seconded to the Dutch East India Company. He served first in South Africa, then in Batavia. By 1795 he served in Trincomalee on Ceylon, where he was captured by the British. Held in Madras, he was brought to England and was released in 1800.
Then he rejoined the Württemberg Army. He became a captain and rose through the ranks in rapid succession - in 1807 he was a colonel and led the 1st Battalion of the Kronprinz Regiment, in 1808 he was made major general. In 1812 he was a lieutenant general, and in 1814 commanded the Foot Guards. On 6 November 1813, he was promoted to Feldzeugmeister. In the Napoleonic Wars, when the Kingdom of Württemberg was allied with Napoleon, he fought in the Battle of Wartenburg, the Battle of Bautzen, where he was severely wounded, and the Battle of Dennewitz.
In 1815, when Württemberg had joined the Allies, Franquemont was named chief of the Württemberg Expeditionary Corps with the rank of General of the Infantry.
After the war he was appointed Secretary of State and Minister of War, being appointed on 9 November 1816 by William I of Württemberg. From 9 November 1816 to 10 August 1829, he also was a member of the Privy Council. In 1818, King William awarded him with the Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown. In 1819, he was appointed a life member of the Württemberg Chamber of Lords. In 1820, he and Baron Ernst von Hügel reorganized the Württemberg military. In 1823 he ended his career as a minister and became commander of the 6th Infantry Regiment "Crown Prince". In August 1829, he resigned from his post for health reasons.
# Daryl Gibson

Daryl Peter Earl Gibson (born 2 March 1975) is an international rugby coach and former New Zealand rugby union footballer. He played for the Crusaders in the Super Rugby and represented his country with the All Blacks. After success as assistant coach with the Waratahs side when they won the 2014 Super Rugby Championship, Gibson replaced Michael Cheika as head Coach of the team in 2015.

## Early life

Gibson was born in Lumsden, New Zealand and grew up in Te Anau, before shifting to Christchurch where he attended Christchurch Boys High School.

## Playing career

Gibson played for Canterbury and The Crusaders from 1993 to 2002 where he made a combined 168 appearances for the team that went on to win four Super Rugby crowns during that time. The internationally renowned centre also earned 19 caps for the New Zealand All Blacks. Between 1996 and 2001, Gibson represented New Zealand Māori 12 times.
Moving to the northern hemisphere Gibson played for Bristol Bears (21 caps), Leicester Tigers (92 caps) and Glasgow Warriors (18 caps) before moving into coaching.

## Coaching career

Gibson started his coaching career as a player and part-time backs coach with Glasgow Warriors, while in Glasgow, Gibson welcomed the arrival of his triplets Archived 20 February 2020 at the Wayback Machine Indy, Oscar and Finley.

### Crusaders

In 2008 he returned home to his former Club the Canterbury Crusaders, this time as the Assistant Coach from 2008 to 2012. During Gibson's time the Crusaders progressed through to the semi-final on four occasions and finished runners up in 2011, after an incredible year where the team played no home games because crusaders are only Christchurch crusaders of the Christchurch earthquakes.
Gibson was also the Assistant Coach to the national Maori All Blacks side during 2010–2012. Alongside Head Coach Jamie Joseph. In 2010, the centenary eries of 100 years of Maori rugby, the team had successful games against visiting teams Ireland and England.

### NSW Waratahs

Moving to Sydney in 2013, Gibson joined the NSW Waratahs. His first 2 seasons were transition years as the team roster welcomed a host of young players as established players departed overseas. In 2018, Gibson lead the Waratahs to the semi finals vs the Lions. In 2019 a promising start to the season was overshadowed by events surrounding star player Israel Folau.

## Education

Gibson is a qualified Physical Education teacher, has degrees in Commerce and Education. Gibson is currently completing his second master's degree at Sydney University with a thesis entitled: "Coach Approach through losing streaks". It examines how the elite coaches in Australian Football League (AFL), National Rugby League (NRL) and Rugby Union, lead their teams through challenging situations of losing.
His education qualifications include: Masters of Education with Distinction (MEd Dist) (University of Canterbury), Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com.) (University of Canterbury), Bachelor of Education (BEd Phys Ed) (University of Canterbury), Diploma of Teaching (Dip. TCH) (Christchurch College of Education)

## Family

Gibson has four children. Poppy, Indy, Oscar and Finley Gibson
# Alf Egil Holmelid

Alf Egil Holmelid (born 13 December 1947) is a Norwegian engineer and politician for the Socialist Left Party.

## Biography

Holmelid was research manager at the University of Agder from 2002. He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Vest-Agder in 2009, for the term 2009–2013.
# Linghe District

Linghe District (simplified Chinese: 凌河区; traditional Chinese: 淩河區; pinyin: Línghé Qū) is a district of the city of Jinzhou, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.

## Administrative divisions

There are 11 subdistricts within the district.
Subdistricts:
* Zhengda Subdistrict (正大街道), Longjiang Subdistrict (龙江街道), Majia Subdistrict (马家街道), Baigu Subdistrict (百股街道), Tiexin Subdistrict (铁新街道), Kangning Subdistrict (康宁街道), Ling'an Subdistrict (凌安街道), Juyuan Subdistrict (菊园街道), Jintie Subdistrict (锦铁街道), Liuhua Subdistrict (榴花街道), Shiqiaozi Subdistrict (石桥子街道)
# Karlyn Bowman

Karlyn H. Bowman, formerly known as Karlyn H. Keene, is a politically conservative American editor and public opinion analyst. She is currently a senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute. She was the managing editor of Public Opinion from 1979 to 1990 and the founding editor of The American Enterprise from 1990 to 1995. Bowman is the author of several AEI Studies in Public Opinion.
# Ulf Guttormsen

Ulf Guttormsen (born 9 September 1942 in Trondheim) is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.
He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Sør-Trøndelag in 1989, and was re-elected on one occasion. He had previously served as a deputy representative during the term 1977–1981.
Guttormsen was a member of Sør-Trøndelag county council during the term 1987–1991. He was a member of the national party board from 1987 to 1989.
Outside politics he worked as a mechanic and is involved in labour unions.
# Bolshaya Gorka, Nyuksensky District, Vologda Oblast

Bolshaya Gorka (Russian: Большая Горка) is a rural locality (a village) in Gorodishchenskoye Rural Settlement, Nyuksensky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 19 as of 2002.

## Geography

Bolshaya Gorka is located 57 km southwest of Nyuksenitsa (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kostinskaya is the nearest rural locality.
# Mark Milbanke

Admiral Mark Milbanke (12 April 1724 – 9 June 1805) was a British naval officer and colonial governor.

## Military career

Milbanke was born into an aristocratic Yorkshire family with naval connections, his father was Sir Ralph Milbanke, 4th Baronet. Mark Milbanke graduated from the Royal Naval Academy, Portsmouth in 1740. He was made Lieutenant in 1744 and in 1746 was given command of HMS Serpent. He became Port Admiral at Plymouth in 1783.
In 1789, Milbanke was appointed governor of Newfoundland. In the years when settlement was prohibited on the Island of Newfoundland, Milbanke did his best to enforce this prohibition. He did so by demolishing buildings, and by limiting the number of Irish people immigrating to Newfoundland. He also refused to allow the building of a Roman Catholic chapel at Ferryland.
He was appointed Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth in 1799.
Milbanke was promoted to admiral of the white in 1795. In 1805 he fell over the banisters at his home and died from his injuries.

## Family

Milbanke married Mary Webber (died 1812); they had a son and two daughters. Ralph (died 1823) was a naval captain. Elizabeth Mary, the younger daughter, married William Huskisson. Harriet, the elder daughter, married Philemon Tilghman, son of James Tilghman.
# Nils O. Golten

Nils O. Golten (11 May 1936 – 26 March 1999) was a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party.
He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Hordaland in 1985, and was re-elected on one occasion. He had previously served in the position of deputy representative during the term 1981–1985.
Golten was born in Sund and a member of Sund municipality council in the periods 1971–1975, 1975–1979 and 1979–1983.
# Zelentsovo

Zelentsovo (Russian: Зеленцово) is a rural locality (a village) and the administrative center of Zelentsovskoye Rural Settlement, Nikolsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 353 as of 2002.

## Geography

Zelentsovo is located 55 km northwest of Nikolsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Sluda is the nearest rural locality.
# Neumi Leweni

Neumi Leweni is a Fijian former soldier, diplomat, and civil servant, who served as spokesperson for the Republic of Fiji Military Forces and the military regime during the 2006 Fijian coup d'état.
In 2006 Leweni was one of two official spokesmen for the Military, the other being Lieutenant Colonel Orisi Rabukawaqa. Like other senior Military officers, Leweni was particularly outspoken in his opposition to certain policies and decisions of the Qarase government, including the early release from prison of persons convicted of offences relating to the 2000 Fijian coup d'état. He also took a vocal stand against the government's Reconciliation, Tolerance, and Unity Bill, which proposed to establish a Commission to compensate victims and pardon perpetrators of the coup. This, said Leweni, would undermine the rule of law and the integrity of the Military, as the Army could then be required to readmit soldiers convicted of mutiny.
In August 2007, he resigned to take up a diplomatic post, as Military attaché to China but has since rejoined the Military and returned from his diplomatic posting to serve with the RFMF.
In January 2010 Fiji's military regime attempted to appoint him as high commissioner to New Zealand, but the appointment was rejected by the New Zealand government.
In 2016, he was appointed Chief Protocol Officer of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He was suspended in May 2018 pending investigation into an alleged visa scam.
In 2019 Leweni acted as a consultant for controversial property development company Freesoul.
# Geir-Ketil Hansen

Geir-Ketil Hansen (born 13 March 1956 in Narvik) is a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party.
He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Nordland in 2001, but was not re-elected in 2005. He served in the position of deputy representative during the terms 1989–1993 and 2005–2009.
On the local level, Hansen was a member of the executive committee of the municipal council of Narvik Municipality from 1979 to 1987. From 1999 to 2001 and 2005 to 2011 he was a member of Nordland county cabinet.
In 2006, he started working at the Office of the Auditor General of Norway.
# Athletics at the 1972 Summer Paralympics – Men's pentathlon 2

The Men's pentathlon 2 was one of the events held in athletics at the 1972 Summer Paralympics in Heidelberg.
There were five competitors in the event.
Josef Jager of Austria won the gold medal.

## Results
### Final

| Rank | Athlete | Points |
| | Josef Jager (AUT) | 5501 |
| | Schmicking (FRG) | 5413 |
| | Graeme Marett (NZL) | 5203 |
| 4 | Wasnock (CAN) | 4152 |
| 5 | Leo Close (NZL) | 3801 |
# Spiky Harold

Spiky Harold is a platform video game written by Andrew Rogers and published by Firebird Software in 1986. It was released for Amstrad CPC, Atari 8-bit computers, Commodore 16 / Plus/4, Commodore 64, and ZX Spectrum home computers.

## Plot

As winter approaches, a hedgehog named Harold must get ready for hibernation by gathering food that is buried beneath the hedgerows.

## Gameplay

Spiky Harold is a flip-screen platform game in which the player moves the protagonist, Harold, from room to room collecting various objects. The goal of this game is to collect enough food for Harold the hedgehog to survive on while hibernating. The necessities are strewn across and below a big hedgerow. Coins that grant extra lives, wine glasses that change Harold's directions, apples, and other food items are among the numerous things that need to be collected. Unfortunately, all the objects are guarded by wasps, rodents, sulfur clouds, and bouncing balls. All the items have to be collected within the 24 hours displayed on the clock at the bottom of the screen. If the player is successful in gathering all of the required materials within the specified time, they must then deliver Harold back to his pad, where he can sleep the winter away.

## Reception

Spiky Harold received mixed reviews. Commodore User reviewer complained about the slow, repetitive gameplay and dire music detracting a lot from what could have been a good game. Stuart Kirkham writing for the Computer Gamer magazine summed up Spiky Harold as a good platform game that has plenty of entertainment to offer for a small price.
# Ramsay, Calgary

Ramsay is a residential neighbourhood in the southeast quadrant of Calgary, Alberta. It is an inner city community, located east of the Elbow River, Macleod Trail, Stampede Grounds and the Scotiabank Saddledome arena and south of Inglewood. To the southeast, it borders the Alyth-Bonny Brook industrial area. The eastern half of the community consists primarily of older homes and there is an industrial area in the most eastern corner of the community.
The area now known as Ramsay was developed in the 1880s by Wesley Fletcher Orr and his partners. It was named Ramsay in 1956 when residents of Burnsland, Brewery Flats, Grandview and Mills Estate consolidated as a new community. It was named for William Thomson Ramsay (1857-1921), an early land agent and property owner. It is represented in the Calgary City Council by the Ward 9 councillor. The community has an area redevelopment plan in place.
In 2020, Calgary City Council approved the construction of Inglewood/Ramsay Station, part of the Calgary Green Line. The station will be elevated over 12 Street SE alongside the freight tracks, near the intersection of 11 Avenue SE / 12 Street SE. Construction will begin early 2021.

## Demographics

In the City of Calgary's 2012 municipal census, Ramsay had a population of 2,110 living in 1,132 dwellings, a 5.2% increase from its 2011 population of 2,006. With a land area of 1 km$^2$ (0.39 sq mi), it had a population density of 2,100/km$^2$ (5,500/sq mi) in 2012.
Residents in this community had a median household income of $43,716 in 2000. As a reference, the median household income for the whole city of Calgary was approximately 30% greater: $57,879.
The low income residents living in the neighbourhood represented 19.5% of its total population. As of 2000, 15.1% of the residents were immigrants. A proportion of 31% of the buildings were condominiums or apartments, and 46.9% of the housing was used for renting.

## Crime

Crime Data :
| Year | Crime Rate (/100 pop.) |
| 2018 | 4.3 |
| 2019 | 3.9 |
| 2020 | 2.9 |
| 2021 | 3.0 |
| 2022 | 3.7 |
| 2023 | 2.7 |

## Education

The community is served by the Ecole Ste. Anne Elementary, Junior & Senior (Calgary Catholic School District), Ramsay Elementary public school and Janus Academy, a private school for children and youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
# Oddmund Hammerstad

Oddmund Håvard Hammerstad (born 15 August 1942), is a Norwegian military officer, businessperson and politician for the Conservative Party.
He was born in Sarpsborg. He finished his secondary education in 1961, attended the compulsory military service, took officer education at Heistadmoen and then the Norwegian Military Academy from 1963 to 1966. He was the best student in his class. From 1968 to 1973 he studied political science at the University of Oslo. He was an aide-de-camp in Brig. N. from 1966 to 1968, in His Majesty The King's Guard from 1968 to 1971, then worked in Industrivernet and Federation of Norwegian Industries from 1971 to 1975. From 1975 to 1979 he worked as a secretary for the Conservative Party, and from 1979 to 1981 as director of Handelens Servicekontor.
Hammerstad had been involved in politics as central board member of the Norwegian Young Conservatives from 1970 to 1972. From 1981 to 1986, during Willoch's First and Second Cabinet, he was a State Secretary in the Norwegian Ministry of Defence. From 1987 to 1992 Hammerstad chaired the Oslo Conservative Party. He served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Oslo during the term 1989–1993, and from 1989 to 1990 he met as a regular representative, covering for Jan P. Syse who was Prime Minister. From 1991 to 1992 Hammerstad led the commission that delivered NOU 1992:31.
Hammerstad was the director of Rikshospitalet from 1987 to 1990, and board member of Medisinsk Innovasjon and chairman of Rikshospitalets Apotek during the same period. From 1993 to 2000 he was the municipal director of business in Oslo. He has later been CEO of PolyDisplay from 2000 to 2004, adviser in Oslo municipality from 2004 to 2007 and CEO of Fjord International from 2007. He was the deputy chairman of the Norwegian Defence and Security Industries Association from 2005 to 2007 and has written books on defence and intelligence. He was decorated with the Ordre national du Mérite in 1987.
# Crawford County Railroad

The Crawford County Railroad ran from Girard to Walnut in Crawford County, Kansas, United States. It was established on February 6, 1884, from the failed Nebraska, Topeka, Iola and Memphis Railroad. The Crawford County Railroad lasted for nine days before being acquired by the Kansas Southern Railroad.
# Gianluca Litteri

Gianluca Litteri (born 6 June 1988) is an Italian footballer who plays as a striker for Serie D club Avezzano.

## Career

Litteri was signed by Inter in 2006 from Serie D club Giarre, being then loaned out to Slavia Prague during the summer 2008 transfer window. From July 2008 until January 2009 Treviso holds half of player's registration rights before bought back by Inter.
In August 2009, he was loaned to Vicenza. In August 2010 he was loaned out to Salernitana, with an option for his new club to acquire half of the player's rights from Inter.
On 31 January 2019, he signed a 2.5-year contract with Cosenza.
On 7 January 2020, he joined Padova in Serie C on loan with an option to buy.
On 5 October 2020 he moved to Triestina on a two-year contract.
After two seasons with Triestina, on 20 August 2022 he was unveiled as a new signing of newly-refounded Catania for their Serie D campaign.