OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gianluigi Botton

Gianluigi A. Botton FRSC (born 1963) is a French Canadian scientist and engineer. As a Canada Research Chair at McMaster University, he leads the Botton's Group to investigate new materials on the atomic-scale.

## Early life and education

Botton was born in 1963. He completed his Bachelor of Engineering degree in physics and PhD in materials engineering from Polytechnique Montréal. Following his PhD, Botton was a Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Cambridge working under Colin Humphreys from 1993 to 1998. He then joined the Materials Technology Laboratory of Natural Resources Canada in 1998 as a research scientist. Through his post-graduate positions, Botton also earned a summer job studying electron microscopy at Simon Fraser University.

## Career

Botton joined the faculty of McMaster University's Department of Materials Science and Engineering in 2001. As a professor at McMaster, he also became the founder and inaugural director of the Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy since 2008. Throughout his tenure at McMaster, he focused his research laboratory towards the understanding of the structure of different materials at the atomic level. As a result of his efforts, Botton was elected a fellow of the Microscopy Society of America and named a Tier 1 Canada Research Chair. By 2017, Botton was named the recipient of CMSC Metal Physics Award and McMaster's the Faculty of Engineering Research Achievement Award.
In 2018, Botton was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada for his significant contributions within his field. The following year, Botton was offered, and accepted, a directorship position with the Canadian Light Source (CLS) at the University of Saskatchewan "given his extensive background in materials science and advanced microscopy." In 2023, Button was appointed CEO of the Diamond Light Source.
# Hołny Mejera

Hołny Mejera (; Lithuanian: Alnukai) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sejny, within Sejny County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Lithuania.
# Geococcus (plant)

Geococcus is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Brassicaceae. It only contains one species, Geococcus pusillus J.Drumm. ex Harv.
Its native range is southern and south-eastern Australia.
# Avon Water, Hampshire

50°47′10″N 1°37′26″W﻿ / ﻿50.786°N 1.624°W﻿ / 50.786; -1.624
Avon Water is a small river draining some of the southwest of the New Forest in Hampshire to The Solent. West of the upper part of its archetypally dendritic drainage basin, which has formed due to the forest's heath soil, is the due south, much larger River Avon, rising in Wiltshire.

## Context

It is the smallest of three rivers (properly so called) which drain all but the north, west and east edges of the New Forest. These flow south into the Solent: with the Lymington River then Beaulieu River, the furthest east. It rises at many sources close to, south of, Burley, and, quite minutely ribbled in places, curves from south-east to south over its course of 9 miles (14.5 km). It flows into the Solent at Keyhaven, close to the shingle bank that leads to Hurst Castle.
The name thought to have been little-used or communicated outside of certain social circles; yet it dates from at least the 1790s. It is labelled on Thomas Milne's map of Hampshire published by William Faden in 1791. Cary's New Itinerary of 1810 also gives its name but confounds it with the stream ending at Keyhaven Harbour immediately to the west of the lower part (the Dane(s) stream draining Ashley, Hordle, and Milford).
Notably it drains the populous railway village of Sway.
# Pro-Kremlin youth movement

Pro-Kremlin youth movement may refer to these groups in Russia aligned with its government:
* Nashi (Russian youth movement)
* Walking Together
* Young Guard of United Russia
# Roshchinsky, Samara Oblast

Roshchinsky (Russian: Ро́щинский) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Volzhsky District of Samara Oblast, Russia. Population: 8,128 (2021 Census); 11,920 (2010 Census); 12,878 (2002 Census).

## History

It started as a small village in 1932. The first military garrison was established here in 1933; several more were organized by the 1960s–1970s. The primary purpose of the garrisons was to train the troops before sending them to East Germany. After the re-unification of Germany in 1990, 100,000 Soviet troops were moved back to Russia, and Roshchinsky became one of the destinations for the returning troops, including the 3rd Guards Spetsnaz Brigade, and the 589th Guards Motor Rifle Regiment (later to become the 15th Guards Separate Motor Rifle Brigade).
The military garrisons were incorporated as an urban-type settlement and named Roshchinsky on June 29, 1999. The name was officially approved by the federal government of June 5, 2000.
# Hołówki Duże

Hołówki Duże is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Juchnowiec Kościelny, within Białystok County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland.
# Hoźna

Hoźna is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Michałowo, within Białystok County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Belarus.
# St. Vrain, New Mexico

St. Vrain is an unincorporated community in Curry County, New Mexico, United States. The community is located on U.S. routes 60 and 84, 16.3 miles (26.2 km) west of Clovis. St. Vrain had a post office until it closed on August 1, 2011; it still has its own ZIP code, 88133.
# Husaki

Husaki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bielsk Podlaski, within Bielsk County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) north-west of Bielsk Podlaski and 29 km (18 mi) south of the regional capital Białystok.
# Xerocladia

Xerocladia viridiramis is a species of plant in the legume family (Fabaceae). It is the sole species in the monotypic genus Xerocladia.

## Name

This plant was first discovered in 1822 and named Acacia viridiramis by Burchell. In 1862, Harvey described the new genus Xerocladia, based on his species Xerocladia zeyheri Harv. In 1891, Taubert studied this species and discovered that Burchell and Harvey were actually describing the same species. He also determined that the plant doesn't fit into the genus Acacia and kept the name Xerocladia. Because the earliest publication (after 1753) has priority, Taubert made the new combination Xerocladia viridiramis (Burch.) Taub. In conclusion, Acacia viridiramis Burch. is the basionym for Xerocladia viridiramis (Burch.) Taub, and Xerocladia zeyheri Harv. is a synonym.

## Geographic distribution

Namibia and Namaqualand, occurs in sandy to gravel riverbeds, or on riverbanks.

## Plant description

Shrub to 1m tall, twigs zig-zag shaped, pale green to olive, terete, internodes 10–14 mm. Leaves alternate, bipinnately compound, with a pair of spiny incurved basal stipules, 1.0-2.5 mm. Rachis 1.0-2.0 mm, with one pair of terminal pinnae, an acuminate to deltoid bract clasping the base of pinnae, small gland opposite the bract between the pinnae, rachilla 5.0-13.0 mm. Leaflets alternate, ovate to elliptic, 2.5-5.5 mm x 0.5-1.5 mm, with 13-17 leaflets per rachilla, margin entire. Inflorescence a capitulum, red to deep maroon, 5.0-8.5 mm in diameter, peduncle hirtellous, 4.0-13.5 mm. Flowers hermaphroditic, actinomorphic. Sepals 5, fused at the base, ovate to deltoid, hirtellous, 0.6-1.2 mm x 0.5–1 mm. Petals 5, ovate to acuminate, free, 2.0-3.0 mm x 0.6-1.0 mm. Stamens 10, distinct, filaments 2.0-2.8 mm, anther dorsifixed, 0.4-0.5 x 0.3-0.5 mm, pollen grains bright yellow. Ovary extremely hirtellous at the base, style 2.3-3.0 mm, stigma club to disc-shaped. Fruit an indehiscent, asymmetric, winged legume, 1-6 per head, 7.5-17.5 x 7.0-12.5 mm, reniform to flabellate, with an acute tip, pericarp red brown, pubescent, raised ridge forming a ring above the seed(s), style and stigma sometimes persistent on the fruit. Seeds 1-2 per fruit, obovate, 2.5-3.0 x 4.5–5 mm.

## Relationship

Xerocladia is most closely related to Prosopis (Melissa A. Luckow, personal communication, March 29, 2013 ). They both have stipular spines, leaves with few pairs of pinnae, and 10 stamens. In contrast to Xerocladia, Prosopis usually has a spicate inflorescence instead of a capitulum, an elongate straight or spiral legume pod which is not winged. Prosopis also has more (18-30) leaflets per rachilla, and leaflets opposite or sub opposite rather than alternate.
# Ignacewo, Podlaskie Voivodeship

Ignacewo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stawiski, within Kolno County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Stawiski, 14 km (9 mi) south-east of Kolno, and 77 km (48 mi) west of the regional capital Białystok.
# Iwaniszki

Iwaniszki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przerośl, within Suwałki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) east of Przerośl, 21 km (13 mi) north-west of Suwałki, and 127 km (79 mi) north of the regional capital Białystok.
# Jabłonka-Świerczewo

Jabłonka-Świerczewo (Polish pronunciation:) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wysokie Mazowieckie, within Wysokie Mazowieckie County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland.
# Jabłonka Kościelna

Jabłonka Kościelna is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wysokie Mazowieckie, within Wysokie Mazowieckie County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) west of Wysokie Mazowieckie and 57 km (35 mi) west of the regional capital Białystok.
# Jabłoń-Markowięta

Jabłoń-Markowięta is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowe Piekuty, within Wysokie Mazowieckie County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland.
# Jabłoń-Zarzeckie

Jabłoń-Zarzeckie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowe Piekuty, within Wysokie Mazowieckie County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland.
# Jacewicze

Jacewicze is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bielsk Podlaski, within Bielsk County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland.
# Anna Karenina (2000 TV series)

Anna Karenina is a four-part British television adaptation of Leo Tolstoy's 1877 novel of the same name.
It was directed by David Blair and aired in the United Kingdom on Channel 4 from 9 to 30 May 2000 and in America on PBS Masterpiece Theatre in 2001.

## Plot

Anna is travelling by train from St. Petersburg to Moscow to visit her brother, Stiva. Stiva is married to Dolly; however, he has been having an affair with the governess of his children and needs Anna's help to repair his marriage.
Anna too is married, to Karenin, an important official, with an 8-year-old son. At the end of the journey she meets Count Vronsky, the son of her travelling companion on the train, and in due course she and Vronsky begin an affair.
In the meantime, Stiva's friend Constantine Levin courts Dolly's younger sister Kitty. Levin and Kitty are both unmarried. But Kitty is initially attracted to Vronsky and rejects Levin's first proposal; he leaves Moscow and returns to his farm in the countryside.
Nikolai, Constantine Levin's brother, cohabits with a former prostitute named Masha and is constantly in debt.

## Cast

* Helen McCrory as Anna
* Kevin McKidd as Vronsky
* Stephen Dillane as Karenin
* Mark Strong as Stiva
* Amanda Root as Dolly
* Douglas Henshall as Levin (Constantine "Kostya")
* Paloma Baeza as Kitty
* Abigail Cruttenden as Betsy
* Paul Rhys as Nikolai
* Gillian Barge as Princess Shcherbatskaya
* Malcolm Sinclair as Prince Shcherbatsky
* Victoria Carling as Annushka
* Tom Ward as Yashvin

## Reception

It received a positive review from Mark Lawson in The Guardian.
# Pablo Robertson

Paul "Pablo" Robertson (1944–1990) was an American professional basketball player and member of the Harlem Globetrotters. At college, Robertson played on the 1962–63 Loyola University Chicago squad that won the NCAA tournament, although Robertson was dropped in the middle of the season due to poor grades.

## Early life

Pablo Robertson grew up in Harlem, New York, and played basketball at DeWitt Clinton High School. Although relatively short at a listed height of 5 feet 5 inches (1.65 m), he attracted attention with his ball-handling skills. Pete Axthelm described him as "a guard who could ignite playground crowds in a way that no bigger man could match."$^{:176}$

## College career

Robertson matriculated to Loyola University Chicago in 1961.$^{:132}$ After a year on the freshman basketball team, he joined the varsity squad in 1962, by now listed at a height of 5 feet 9 inches (1.75 m).$^{:175}$
On December 29, 1962, in a game between Loyola and Wyoming at the All-College Tournament in Oklahoma City, Loyola's starting point guard Jack Egan fouled out. When Robertson was put in to replace Egan, Loyola became the first major college team known to play five African-American players at the same time.
Along with teammate Billy Smith, Robertson did poorly in his classes during the first semester of his second year, and was ruled ineligible to continue playing on the basketball team. Egan recalls that he got four Fs and one D, and joked that "he put too much time into that one subject."$^{:186}$

## After college

According to Loyola teammate Billy Smith, Robertson was drafted into the Army in the mid-1960s to serve in the Vietnam War. Smith said that serving in war greatly affected Robertson, and that he turned to alcohol and drugs when he returned.$^{:186}$
After the war, Robertson joined the Harlem Globetrotters. As a Globetrotter, he was one of the animated characters on the 1970s CBS Saturday morning cartoon series. He was with the Globetrotters for seven years.
Robertson died on June 23, 1990, at the age of 46 in a Long Island hospital.
# National Development Policy

* This article is part of a series aboutMahathir Mohamad
Early life
Electoral history
Political positions
Awards and honours
Prime Minister of Malaysia
First term (1981-2003)
North-South Expressway
MSC Malaysia
Proton Holdings
Wawasan 2020
National Development Policy
1993 constitutional amendment
Bangsa Malaysia
Operation Haze
IMT-GT
Reformasi
"Asian values"
Putrajaya
Petronas Towers
Second term (2018-2020)
Shared Prosperity Vision 2030
International trips
THM fund
Borneo states bill
2020 political crisis
Cabinets
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
Political parties
UMNO (1964–2016)
BERSATU (2016–2020)
PEJUANG (2020–2023)
PUTRA (2023–present)
Coalitions
Alliance Party (1964–1974)
Barisan Nasional (1974–2016)
Pakatan Harapan (2017–2020)
Gerakan Tanah Air (2022–2023)
Family
Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali
Mukhriz Mahathir
Mokhzani Mahathir
Marina Mahathir
Related
KL War Crimes Commission
The Malay Dilemma
Citizens' Declaration
Asian values
Teater Tun Siti Hasmah
Mahathir, the Musical
Mahathir Science Award
Gallery
Quotes :
vte :
The National Development Policy (Malay: Dasar Pembangunan Nasional (DPN)) was a Malaysian economic policy introduced by Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad. The objective was achieving economic growth, while ensuring that accrued benefits reached all sections of society. The National Development Policy replaced the New Economic Policy (NEP) in 1990. The Malay share of the economy, though substantially larger, was not near the 30% target according to government figures. In its review of the NEP, the government found that although income inequality had been reduced, some important targets related to overall Malay corporate ownership had not been met. This policy was adopted in 1991 for a period of 10 years and it was succeeded by the National Vision Policy (NVP) in 2001.
# Angolan Football Federation

The Angolan Football Federation (Portuguese: Federação Angolana de Futebol; abbreviated as FAF) is the governing body of football in Angola. It was founded in 1979, and affiliated to FIFA and to CAF in 1980. It organizes the national football league Girabola and the national team.
Angola's first appearance in the FIFA World Cup was in 2006; playing in Group D, losing only 1–0 to Portugal in their first match. Later that year, they successfully bid for the right to host the 2010 African Cup of Nations.
# Ruben Garlini

Ruben Garlini (born 27 May 1971) is a former Italian footballer.
He joined Serie C1 side U.C. AlbinoLeffe in July 2000.
He made his Serie B debut in a 2–1 defeat to the club where he began his career, Atalanta, on 14 September 2003.
He extended his contract with AlbinoLeffe for a number of time.

## Honours
### Como

* Coppa Italia Serie C: 1996–97

### Alzano Virescit

* Coppa Italia Serie C: 1997–98

### AlbinoLeffe

* Coppa Italia Serie C: 2001–02
# Mann Oelrich

Hermann Hans von Malitz Oelrich (born 4 July 1938) is a retired South African politician who served as the Free State's Member of the Executive Council (MEC) for Agriculture under Premier Winkie Direko. He was appointed to the position in June 2001 after gaining election to the Free State Provincial Legislature in 1999. Initially a member of the African National Congress (ANC), he defected to the Congress of the People in 2008 after leaving government.
# Estia Health

Estia Health is an Australian aged care operator floated by Quadrant Private Equity in December 2014 when it was valued at $725 million.
It operates 75 facilities across Australia and is listed on the Australian Securities Exchange.

## History

It was founded by Peter Arvanitis. He resigned in 2016.
In 2018 it had the largest proportion of women in its executive team. The company lost about a sixth of its value in September 2018 when the government announced a public inquiry into misconduct in the aged care sector, following the Australian Broadcasting Corporation produced a two-part documentary focusing on alleged neglect and abuse of older people.
Estia Health was a public company traded on the Australian Securities Exchange until December 2023 when it was taken private by Bain Capital for $551.3 million.

## Acquisitions

It acquired 4 residential aged care homes and two development sites worth more than $100m from Premier Health Care Group in 2022. They will add 409 resident places to their portfolio and two development sites could deliver a further 160-179.
# Man Singh Tyagi

Man Singh Tyagi (1 January 1934 – 6 August 2022), better known as M. S. Tyagi, was an Indian academic who was professor of Electrical Engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur.

## Early life and education

Born in village Rohana Kalan of the Muzaffarnagar district of the Indian state Uttar Pradesh, Tyagi received his MSc degree in physics from University of Lucknow, India.

## Career

Tyagi began his career as a researcher at Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani. He then moved to West Germany to pursue his doctorate from RWTH Aachen University. At RWTH, he enrolled his Dr.-Ing (German doctorate degree in engineering) degree in electrical engineering. During his doctorate studies at RWTH, he was employed as a laboratory development engineer by Telefunken AG, Ulm, Germany, from 1962 to 1964. In 1966, he finished his Dr.-Ing degree with his thesis entitled About the breakthrough behaviour of silicon diodes. From 1967 to 1968, he held a postdoctoral teaching fellowship at University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, and during 1968–1969 he was a research scientist at Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US.
The Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IITK) was established in 1959 by a consortium of nine leading US research universities as part of the Kanpur Indo-American Programme (KIAP). In 1969, Tyagi joined the electrical engineering department of IITK as an assistant professor and became a professor in 1977. There he has been mainly responsible for the development of the Semiconductor Devices Laboratory. Since February 1980, he has been a visiting professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering ESAT Laboratory, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, on leave of absence from IITK. After retiring from IITK as a professor of electrical engineering, he joined the electrical engineering and electronics engineering department of the Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, as a professor. In July 2003, he joined the electronics and communications engineering department of Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida. He was also a visiting professor at Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Noida.

## Death

Tyagi died in Ghaziabad on 6 August 2022, at the age of 87.

## Books

Tyagi wrote one internationally acclaimed book Introduction to Semiconductor Materials and Devices, which is widely used in Electrical Engineering, semiconductor devices and material science undergraduate and postgraduate courses. It was published by John Wiley & Sons on 7 March 1991.
* M. S. Tyagi: Introduction to Semiconductor Materials and Devices. John Wiley & Sons. 311–320 (1991). ISBN 0-471-60560-3
* Physics of Schottky Barrier Junction (first chapter in book Metal-semiconductor Schottky barrier junctions and their applications by B. L. Sharma, PlenumPress, New York (1984))

## Publications

Tyagi contributed the first chapter in Metal-semiconductor Schottky barrier junctions and their applications, Plenum Press New York 1984.

## Professional membership

Tyagi was a life fellow of IETE, Semiconductor society of India and Indian Society for Technical Education.
# Postage stamps and postal history of Cyrenaica

This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Cyrenaica, now part of Libya.
Cyrenaica is the eastern coastal region of Libya and also an ex-province or state ("muhafazah" or "wilayah") of the country (alongside Tripolitania and Fezzan) in the pre-1963 administrative system. What used to be Cyrenaica in the old system is now divided up into several "shabiyat" (see administrative divisions in Libya). In addition to the coastal region, i.e. historical Cyrenaica, the former province, during the Kingdom and the Italian era extended to the south to include the entire eastern section of the country.

## Italian post office in Benghazi

An Italian post office was opened in Benghazi in 1901 and the stamps of Italy were overprinted for use in the post office.

## Italian Cyrenaica

The Ottoman Empire ceded Cyrenaica to Italy in 1912. From 1923 to 1934 stamps were issued for Cyrenaica, which were used concurrently with those of Italian Libya. The first stamps of Cyrenaica were Italian stamps overprinted CIRENAICA issued on 24 October 1923 at the same time as those for Tripolitania.
Semi-postal stamps inscribed Cirenaica were issued in 1926, and regular commemorative and definitive stamp issues continued until 1934 when Tripolitania, Cyrenaica and Fezzan were united as the Italian colony of Libya.
Stamps of colonial Cyrenaica were inscribed Cirenaica and printed at the Italian Government Printing Works.

## British stamps

British stamps overprinted M.E.F. (Middle East Forces) were used from 1943 to 1948 after the area was captured by the British during World War II. From 1 July 1948 stamps overprinted "B.M.A. TRIPOLITANIA" were used.

## Emirate of Cyrenaica

Cyrenaica enjoyed a brief period of internal autonomy in 1949-51 when the British authorities recognised Amir Mohammed Idris Al-Senussi as Emir of Cyrenaica, which ended on 24 December 1951 when Cyrenaica, Tripolitania and Fezzan were unified as the Kingdom of Libya. Definitive and postage due stamps were issued in 1950. After unification, stamps of Libya were used.