OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Johann Georg Graevius

Johann Georg Graevius (originally Grava or Greffe; Latin: Joannes/Johannes Georgius Graevius; 29 January 1632 – 11 January 1703) was a German classical scholar and critic. He was born in Naumburg, in the Electorate of Saxony.

## Life

Graevius was originally intended for the law, but made the acquaintance of Johann Friedrich Gronovius during a casual visit to Deventer, under whose influence he abandoned jurisprudence for philology. He completed his studies under Daniel Heinsius at Leiden, and among others under the Protestant theologian David Blondel at Amsterdam.
During his residence in Amsterdam, under Blondel's influence he abandoned Lutheranism and joined the Reformed Church; and in 1656 he was called by the Elector of Brandenburg to the chair of rhetoric in the University of Duisburg. Two years afterwards, on the recommendation of Gronovius, he was chosen to succeed that scholar at Deventer; in 1662 he moved to the University of Utrecht, where he occupied first the chair of rhetoric, and in addition, from 1667 until his death, that of history and politics.
Graevius enjoyed a very high reputation as a teacher, and his lecture-room was crowded by pupils, many of them of distinguished rank, from all parts of the world. He was visited by Lorenzo Magalotti and honoured with special recognition by Louis XIV, and was a particular favourite of William III of England, who made him historiographer royal.
His library, rich in antiquarian classical books, was bought after his death by Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine (reigned 1690–1716); part of it was later transferred to Heidelberg University Library
Graevius died in Utrecht in 1703.

## Work

His two most important works are the Thesaurus antiquitatum Romanarum (1694–1699, in 12 volumes), and the Thesaurus antiquitatum et historiarum Italiae published after his death, and continued by the elder Pieter Burmann (1704–1725), although these have not always been looked upon favourably. His editions of the classics, although they marked a distinct advance in scholarship, are now for the most part superseded. They include Hesiod (1667), Lucian, Pseudosophista (1668), Justin, Historiae Philippicae (1669), Suetonius (1672), Catullus, Tibullus et Propertius (1680), and several of the works of Cicero.
He also edited many of the writings of contemporary scholars. He corresponded with scholars throughout Europe including with Albert Rubens, the son of Peter Paul Rubens who was a prominent classical scholar and numismatist. He posthumously edited a collection of Albert Rubens's essays on ancient clothing, coins and gems, which was published in 1665 by Balthasar Moretus in Antwerp under the title De re vestiaria veterum, [...], et alia eiusdem opuscula posthuma.
# Demsino

Demsino (Russian: Демсино) is a rural locality (a village) in Churovskoye Rural Settlement, Sheksninsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 87 as of 2002.

## Geography

Demsino is located 10.5 km east of Sheksna (the district's administrative centre) by road and 391 km north of Moscow, the country's capital. Slizovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Jonas Andersson (politician, born 1989)

Jonas Peter Andersson (born 4 October 1989) is a Swedish politician. He has been a member of the Riksdag for the Sweden Democrats since 2018.
He is referred to as Jonas Andersson i Linghem or Jonas Andersson i Linköping to distinguish him from Jonas Andersson i Skellefteå (born 1972), another member of the Riksdag.
Andersson was born in Eskilstuna and holds a PhD in political science from Linköping University. He is chairman of the Sweden Democrats in Linköping and has been a member of Linköping City Council since 2010 and a member of the regional council in the Östergötland region. In the 2018 Swedish general election, Andersson was elected to the Swedish Parliament. In October 2018, Expressen revealed that Andersson had expressed controversial comments that were deemed racist on the Swedish blogsite Politically Incorrect in 2010. The SD's leadership held talks with Andersson, who expressed regret and publicly apologized.
# Culham railway station

Culham railway station serves the village of Culham in Oxfordshire, England. It is on the Cherwell Valley Line between Didcot Parkway and Banbury, 56 miles 17 chains (90.5 km) from London Paddington. It is served by local train services provided by Great Western Railway.
The station is just off the A415 road, between the villages of Culham and Clifton Hampden.
It is close to Culham Science Centre, an 80-hectare (200-acre) scientific research site housing two nuclear fusion experiments: JET and MAST. The Science Centre was built on the site of RNAS Culham (HMS Hornbill), a World War II airfield.

## History

The Great Western Railway opened the station on the Didcot – Oxford line as Abingdon Road on 12 June 1844. Its name was changed by the GWR to Culham, on 2 June 1856, on the opening of the branch from Abingdon Junction to Abingdon.
The original station building (no longer in railway use) is in the Tudor Revival architecture of Isambard Kingdom Brunel and is a Grade II* listed building.
The name Abingdon Road was later re-used for an entirely different station about 5.5 miles (9 km) to the north, Abingdon Road Halt, opened in 1908.
In some recent years passenger numbers using Culham have changed rapidly. The total increased 67% in the three years 2006–09, but then decreased slightly in 2010.

## Services

All services at Culham are operated by Great Western Railway.
The typical off-peak service is one train per hour in each direction between Didcot Parkway and Oxford, with alternate trains continuing beyond Oxford to and from Banbury every two hours. Additional services call at the station during the peak hours.
No services call at the station on Sundays.
| Preceding station | National Rail | Following station |
| Appleford | Great Western RailwayCherwell Valley LineMonday-Saturday only | Radley |
| Disused railways |||||
| Appleford | Great Western RailwayCherwell Valley Line | Abingdon Junction |
# Black 7984

Black 7984, Food Black 2, or C.I. 27755, is a brown-to-black synthetic diazo dye. It is often used as the tetrasodium salt.
When used as a food dye, it has E number E152. Its use in food has not been permitted in the United States and in the European Union since 1984. It is also not permitted in Australia and Japan.
Black 7984 is also used in cosmetics.
# Jean de Court

Jean de Court used painted Limoges enamel and oil painting, and served as official portrait painter to the monarchs of Scotland and France. The de Court dynasty of enamel painters ran a workshop making Limoges enamel over several generations in Limoges in south-western France.
In 1567, he is recorded as a valet and court painter of Mary Queen of Scots, although it is not clear if he had actually accompanied her to Scotland. In 1572, he succeeded François Clouet as painter to the king at the court of her brother-in-law Charles IX of France, and was in turn succeeded by his son, Charles de Court, in 1584 or 1589. Jean de Court painted in 1574 a portrait of Henry III, then Duke of Anjou. He painted a miniature portrait of him as king four years later.
Noted enamel painter Susanne (de) Court is speculated to have been the daughter of Jean.

## Gallery

* Henry III of France, now at the Musée Condé in the Château de Chantilly
* Enamel painting: Apollo and the Muses by Jean de Court
* Albert de Gondi, now at the Musée Condé
* Portrait of a lady, traditionally identified as Louise de Lorraine (1553-1601)
# Halo of Blood

Halo of Blood is the eighth studio album by Finnish melodic death metal band Children of Bodom. It was released on 7 June 2013 in Europe and 11 June in North America on Nuclear Blast Records. In Japan, the album was released by Marquee Inc. on 29 May 2013. This would be the last album with guitarist Roope Latvala before he was kicked out of the band in May 2015.

## Production

Drummer Jaska Raatikainen posted on Facebook that the band has accumulated a number of songs for a new album. Raatikainen described the new material as dark and "also little [sic] 'black' [metal]-ish." In an interview before the band's first show in India, keyboardist Janne Wirman revealed that the band currently had four songs written, with plans to enter the studio at the end of 2012. Wirman predicted a release around April or May 2013. In mid November 2012, it was announced that the band had started recording demos of new material.
In January 2013, it was revealed that frontman/guitarist Alexi Laiho was finishing writing lyrics, and that recording would commence in February. Two song titles were also revealed. On 19 March 2013, the album's title was announced as Halo of Blood, and a track listing and cover artwork were revealed.
Some resources mention Swede Peter Tägtgren as the album's producer. However, according to Children of Bodom's Janne Wirman, "Peter was there just to produce the vocals" and the album was actually produced by Mikko Karmila and the band.

## Cover Art

The album cover depicts the reaper standing on the frozen surface of Lake Bodom, with dead bodies trapped beneath the ice.

## Critical reception

The album received mostly positive reviews, with an aggregated score of 66/100 on Metacritic, indicating favorable reviews. It was considered a return to form for the band, garnering a warmer reception from fans than their previous three albums.
Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 66/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| About | |
| AllMusic | |
| Kerrang | |
| Loudwire | |
| New Noise Magazine | |
| PopMatters | |
| Revolver | |

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Alexi Laiho

## Personnel
### Children of Bodom

* Alexi Laiho – guitar, lead vocals
* Roope Latvala – guitar, backing vocals
* Henkka Seppälä – bass, backing vocals
* Janne Wirman – keyboards
* Jaska Raatikainen – drums, backing vocals

### Production

* Peter Tägtgren – vocal production
* Mikko Karmila – production, engineering, mixing
* Mika Jussila – mastering
* Sami Saramäki – cover art

## Charts

| Chart (2013) | Peak position |
| Austrian Albums Chart | 28 |
| Finnish Albums Chart | 2 |
| French Albums Chart | 109 |
| German Albums Chart | 18 |
| Japanese Albums Chart | 16 |
| Hungarian Albums Chart | 10 |
| Swedish Albums Chart | 26 |
| Swiss Albums Chart | 24 |
| US Billboard 200 | 54 |
| US Hard Rock Albums | 7 |
# Statue of Leopold II of Belgium, Ekeren

A statue of King Leopold II of the Belgians was installed in Ekeren, Flanders, Belgium, until 2020. The statue was designed by Belgian sculptor Joseph Ducaju, made of sandstone from Bad Bentheim, and was erected in 1873, eight years into Leopold's reign, as the first statue to commemorate him as king.
After damage sustained during the George Floyd protests, the statue was removed to the grounds of the Middelheim Open Air Sculpture Museum in Antwerp on 9 June, although it may be irreparably damaged.
# Gerolf Steiner

Gerolf Steiner (22 March 1908 – 14 August 2009) was a German zoologist.

## Life and career

Steiner was born in Strasbourg, Alsace in March 1908. He earned his doctorate in 1931 at the University of Heidelberg. He completed his habilitation in 1942 at the Technical University Darmstadt and 1947 at the University of Heidelberg, where he was appointed as professor in 1949. In 1962, he was an associate professor at the Technical University of Karlsruhe, becoming full professor in 1966 and occupying the chair of zoology from 1962 to 1973. He died five months after his 101st birthday on August 14, 2009 in Heidelberg.

## Rhinogradentia

Steiner is best known for a 1961 book authored pseudonymously as Harald Stümpke on the anatomy and habits of the rhinogradentia, a fictitious order of extinct mammals whose nose evolved in unusual ways.
He has published also under the pseudonyms of Justus Andereich, Trotzhard Wiederumb, and Karl D.S. Geeste.

## Publications

* Die Automatie und die zentrale Beeinflussung des Herzens von Periplaneta americana. Heidelberg (1932).
* Methodische Untersuchungen über die Geruchsorientierung von Fleischfliegen. Springer, Berlin (1942).
* with Richard Sternfeld, Die Reptilien und Amphibien Mitteleuropas. Quelle & Meyer, Heidelberg (1952).
* Harald Stümpke (pseud.), Bau und Leben der Rhinogradentia with preface and illustrations by Gerolf Steiner. Fischer, Stuttgart, (1961). ISBN 3-437-30083-0.
* Harald Stümpke (pseud.), Anatomie Et Biologie Des Rhinogrades — Un Nouvel Ordre De Mammifères. Masson, France (1962)].
* Das zoologische Laboratorium. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart (1963).
* Harald Stümpke (pseud.), The Snouters: Form and Life of the Rhinogrades. Translated by Leigh Chadwick. The University of Chicago Press (1967).
* Trotzhard Wiederump (pseud.): Wie werde ich Diktator : ein Leitfaden für Männer und Frauen beiderlei Geschlechts in Familie, Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft und Politik. Heinz Moos Verlag, Gräfelfing, (1968).
* Justus Andereich (pseud.), Nebenergebnisse aus 1001 Sitzungen : Gesammelt zu Trost und Anregung für Mitsitzende, Mitleidende und Mitfühlende. Moos, Gräfelfing, (1968).
* Zoomorphologie in Umrissen. Gustav-Fischer, VEB, Jena (1977).
* Wort-Elemente der wichtigsten zoologischen Fachausdrücke Fischer, Stuttgart (1980).
* Karl D.S. Geeste (pseud.), Stümpke's Rhinogradentia: Versuch einer Analyse. Essays, historical remarks, and an interview of H. Stümpke. (2nd printing 1988).
* Wir sind zu viele - was tun? Paul Parey, Hamburg (1992) ISBN 3-489-53834-X.
* Shutyunpuke Hararuto (= Stümpke Harald, pseud.): Bikōri: atarashiku hakken sareta honyūrui-no-kōzō-to seikatsu. Hakuhinsha, Tōkyō (1997). ISBN 4-938706-19-9.
* Tierzeichnungen in Kürzeln. : Gustav-Fischer, Stuttgart (1982); Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, 3rd ed. (2006), ISBN 978-3-8274-1702-2.
He also provided six illustrations for the following musical work:
* Karl Andereich: Tema con variazioni. Konkordia, Bühl (1932).
# Demenskoye

Demenskoye (Russian: Деменское) is a rural locality (a village) in Nikolskoye Rural Settlement, Sheksninsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 21 as of 2002.

## Geography

Demenskoye is located 3 km southwest of Sheksna (the district's administrative centre) by road. Progress is the nearest rural locality.
# Camilla Brodin

Helena Camilla Iréne Brodin (née Torstensson; born 24 June 1979) is a Swedish politician from the Christian Democrats who has been a Member of the Riksdag since 2018.
# Govindbhai Shroff

Govinddas Mannulal Shroff (1911–2002), was an Indian freedom fighter who led people of Marathwada region in a fight against the Nizam of Hyderabad during the Hyderabad Campaign of 1948. As a result, the Marathwada region was liberated from the Hyderabad State on 17 September 1948.
Shroff served as the longest serving secretary and president of the Saraswati Bhuvan Education Society. He was awarded the second highest civilian award of India the Padma Vibhushan in 1992 for his work in the field of literature and education.
Later in 1966, people responded to the call of Shroff by taking part in hunger strikes, morchas, rail rokos, bandhs and other form of protests to press for a broad gauge train routes.
# 2024 UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Women's elimination

The Women's elimination competition at the 2024 UCI Track Cycling World Championships was held on 17 October 2024.

## Results

The race was started at 19:57.
| Rank | Name | Nation |
| | Ally Wollaston | New Zealand |
| | Lotte Kopecky | Belgium |
| | Jennifer Valente | United States |
| 4 | Letizia Paternoster | Italy |
| 5 | Lara Gillespie | Ireland |
| 6 | Maria Martins | Portugal |
| 7 | Maja Tracka | Poland |
| 8 | Yareli Acevedo | Mexico |
| 9 | Lea Lin Teutenberg | Germany |
| 10 | Gabriela Bártová | Czech Republic |
| 11 | Tsuyaka Uchino | Japan |
| 12 | Michelle Andres | Switzerland |
| 13 | Lee Sze Wing | Hong Kong |
| 14 | Eva Anguela | Spain |
| 15 | Sophie Lewis | Great Britain |
| 16 | Olivija Baleišytė | Lithuania |
| 17 | Keira Will | Australia |
| 18 | Ellen Klinge | Denmark |
| 19 | Anita Stenberg | Norway |
| 20 | Alžbeta Bačíková | Slovakia |
| 21 | Kiara Lylyk | Canada |
| 22 | Fanny Cauchois | Laos |
# Niastella

Niastella is a bacterial genus from the family of Chitinophagaceae.
# Ashfield railway station (Scotland)

Ashfield railway station is a railway station serving the Milton and Parkhouse areas of Glasgow, Scotland. It is located on the Maryhill Line, 2+1⁄2 miles (4 km) north of Glasgow Queen Street, a short distance west of Cowlairs North Junction. It has two side platforms. Services are provided by ScotRail on behalf of Strathclyde Partnership for Transport (SPT).

## History

Opened in 1993 under British Rail management during the Sectorisation era introduced in the 1980s, the station was served by ScotRail until the privatisation of British Rail came into effect on 1 April 1994. It was one of five new stations to be opened as part of the Maryhill Line project, with three of them (including this one) on new sites. The line through the station is however a lot older, being opened back in 1858 by the Glasgow, Dumbarton and Helensburgh Railway and has been used since the latter end of the 19th century by West Highland Line passenger and freight trains to reach the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway main line at Cowlairs and hence Queen Street High Level.

## Services

Monday to Saturdays there is a half-hourly service eastbound to Glasgow Queen Street and westbound to Anniesland, where connections are available for North Clyde Line services.
Since 18 May 2014, a limited hourly Sunday service now operates on this line – trains call between 09:30 and 19:00.
# Pierre Gobert

Pierre Gobert (French pronunciation:; 1662 – 13 February 1744) was a French painter.
He was born in Fontainebleau, the son of the sculptor Jean II Gobert. Gobert entered the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture on 31 December 1701 as a portraitist. During the reign of Louis XIV he became the preferred painter of the great ladies of the court as evidenced by the large collection of portraits that he executed during that time. Gobert's style included incorporating the traits of mythology into his portraits.

## List of works

* Portrait of Mademoiselle de Blois en Galatée triomphante See Here, (c.1692), Collection particulière
* Portrait of the duchesse du Maine,
* Portrait of Mademoiselle de Chartres (1690–98)
* Portrait of Mademoiselle de la Mothe,
* Portrait of Marquise du Deffand,
* Portrait of the daughters of the prince de Condé (1689) See Here
* Portrait of Mademoiselle de Villefranche,
* Portrait of Mademoiselle de Maupin,
* Portrait of Mademoiselle de Chartres [niece of the above Mlle de Chartres] (c.1716) See Here
* Portrait of the Abesse de Chelles (1720)
* Portrait of the princesse de Conti
* Portrait of the princesse de Condé (1713) See Here
* Portrait of the duchesse de Bourgogne, (1704) See Here
* Portrait of the duchesse de Chartres, (1700) See Here
* Portrait of the Hereditary Prince of Lorraine (1710) See Here
* Portrait of Mademoiselle de Valois, (1717) See Here
* Portrait of the Family of the Duke of Valentinois
* Portrait of Mademoiselle de Chartres, See Here
* Portrait of Mademoiselle de Clermont, (1710–1720; held in the Royal Collection); See Here
* Portrait of the Anne de Baviére See Here
* Portrait of Louis XV of France (1716)
* Portrait of Yirmisekiz Mehmed Çelebi (1724); See here
* Portrait of Mademoiselle de La Roche sur Yon (?) See Here
Monsieur Gobert was also commissioned to do portraits of the Régent of France along with his second daughter Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans (See here). Anne Louise Bénédicte de Bourbon was also a subject of his along with Louis XV. Louis XV's wife Marie Leszczyńska. Their eldest twin daughters, Princess Marie Louise Élisabeth and Princess Henriette Anne were also painted by Pierre in their infancy. Princess Marie Louise was also painted. He died at Paris.

## Gallery

* The Rape of Europa, 1710s
* Louis XV of France as a child, 1720s
* Francis III of Lorraine at the age of 3, 1712
* Françoise Marie de Bourbon
* Charles, Duke of Berry
* Yirmisekiz Mehmed Çelebi, 1724
* Anne Henriette of Bavaria
* Louis François, Prince of Conti
# Alexander Nekrasov (politician)

Alexander Nikolayevich Nekrasov (Russian: Александр Николаевич Некрасов; born 20 June 1963) is a Russian politician serving as a senator from Arkhangelsk Oblast since 9 October 2020.

## Career

Alexander Nekrasov was born on 20 June 1963 in Severodvinsk, Arkhangelsk Oblast. In 1989, he graduated from the Karelian Pedagogical Institute. In 1999, he received another degree from the Saint Petersburg State University. In 1992, he moved to Saint Petersburg where he became one of the co-founders of holding "Leader Group" that specialized in construction of housing in St. Petersburg, the Leningrad oblast, Moscow and the Moscow oblast. From 2011 to 2020, he served as deputy of the 6th State Duma and 7th State Dumas as a member of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF). On 9 October 2020, he was appointed Senator from Arkhangelsk Oblast.

## Sanctions

Alexander Nekrasov is under personal sanctions introduced by the European Union, the United Kingdom, the USA, Canada, Switzerland, Australia, Ukraine, New Zealand, for ratifying the decisions of the "Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance between the Russian Federation and the Donetsk People's Republic and between the Russian Federation and the Luhansk People's Republic" and providing political and economic support for Russia's annexation of Ukrainian territories.
# IPDA

IPDA may refer to:
* Isophorone diamine, a chemical compound
* International Public Debate Association, a US national debate league
* International Planetary Data Alliance, a planetary research data organization
* Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery, a blood vessel
# Eric Curbelo

Eric Curbelo de la Fe (born 14 January 1994) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays for Segunda División club Sporting de Gijón. Mainly a centre-back, he can also play as a right-back.

## Career
### Early career

Born in Santa Brígida, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Curbelo finished his formation with UD Telde, making his senior debut during the 2013–14 season, in Tercera División. On 20 August 2015, he signed a contract with Segunda División B side SD Leioa, but terminated his link in December after being rarely used.

### Las Palmas

On 28 December 2015, Curbelo joined UD Las Palmas, club he already represented as a youth, and was assigned to the reserves in the fourth division. On 2 January 2019, he was definitely promoted to the main squad in Segunda División.
Curbelo made his professional debut on 7 January 2019, starting as a right back in a 0–0 away draw against CF Rayo Majadahonda. He scored his first goal on 20 April, but in a 4–2 loss to Albacete Balompié.
Curbelo established himself as a starter for the Amarillos in the 2019–20 season, and renewed his contract until 2024 on 14 June 2022. He scored twice in 35 appearances overall during the 2022–23 campaign, achieving promotion to La Liga.
Curbelo made his top tier debut on 27 September 2023, starting in a 2–0 away loss to Real Madrid. The following 30 June, after just one further league appearance in the season, he left as his contract expired.

### Sporting Gijón

On 10 July 2024, free agent Curbelo signed a two-year deal with Sporting de Gijón in division two.
# Birger Lahti

Birger Lahti (born 1964) is a Swedish politician. Since September 2014, he serves as Member of the Riksdag representing the constituency of Norrbotten County. He is affiliated with the Left Party.
He was re-elected as Member of the Riksdag in September 2018 and September 2022.