OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Frederick Platt-Higgins

Frederick Platt-Higgins (1840 – 6 November 1910) was a British businessman and Conservative MP for Salford North.

## Early life

Born as Frederick Higgins, he was the son of James Higgins of Salford, Lancashire and Elizabeth Meban of Dumfries. He went into business as a cotton spinner and married Mary Emily Mottram of Manchester in 1864. In 1888 his aunt, Margaret Platt of Stalybridge, widow of Robert Platt of Dunham Hall, died. As part of the conditions of her will she required that her nephews adopt the surname Platt-Higgins and quarter the Platt and Higgins coats of arms. This was carried into effect by a royal licence in the following year.

## Career

At the 1895 general election Platt-Higgins was elected as Conservative Member of Parliament for Salford North. He retained the seat for eleven years, being unseated at the Liberal landslide at the 1906 general election.

## Personal life

Platt-Higgins made his home at "Homeleigh", Bowdon, Cheshire, later retiring to "Woodham Place", Horsell, near Woking, Surrey. He died at Horsell in 1910 of pneumonia.
His daughter Brenda married Major Edward Vincent Osborne Hewett son of the late Leiut. General E O Hewett R.E. C.M.G. in 1904.
# Albert William Recht

Albert William Recht (March 22, 1898 – January 8, 1962) was an American astronomer, mathematician and educator. He had a 30-year career at the University of Denver. The crater Recht located on the far side of the Moon is named after him.

## Early life and education

Recht was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He earned a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1939.

## Career

Initially he applied to work as a Spanish instructor at University of Denver. Instead he was hired by the Mathematics Department. He became chair of the mathematics department in 1943–44 and 1947–49.
While at the university he pursued his interest in astronomy, working at the Chamberlin Observatory under the instruction of Herbert Howe. In 1926 Recht became director of the observatory, and full director in 1928.
Over the following eleven years he studied during the summer months to earn his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1939, working at Yerkes Observatory. He did his thesis work on the 6P/d'Arrest comet. Following his graduation, he was most noted for his work on the popularization of astronomy. During the 1950s he began a popular program of public viewing nights at the observatory. However his efforts to preserve the observatory at the time were unsuccessful.
# Alfred Gottschalk (biochemist)

Alfred Gottschalk (22 April 1894 – 4 October 1973) was a German biochemist who was a leading authority in glycoprotein research. During his career he wrote 216 research papers and reviews, and four
books.
Gottschalk was born in Aachen, the third of four children to Benjamin and Rosa Gottschalk, who had Jewish heritage. He was raised Catholic. He choose to study medicine, from 1912 he attended the Universities of Munich, Freiburg im Breisgau and Bonn. During the war he served in the medical corps of the German Army. He completed his medical degree in 1920, graduating MD from the University of Bonn. He completed clinical work experience at the medical schools of Frankfurt am Main and Würzburg and physiology-biochemistry studies at Bonn, that led to his first publications, an award from the University of Madrid and an invitation to work at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Experimental Therapy and Biochemistry with Carl Neuberg.
In 1923 he married Lisbeth Berta Orgler; together they had one son. They separated in 1950. Gottschalk left the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Biochemistry in 1926 to become Director of the Biochemical Department at the General Hospital in Stettin. He left the hospital in 1934 following upheaval in Nazi Germany and entered private practice, left for England in the spring of 1939, and on to Melbourne in July. He was offered a position as a biochemist by Charles Kellaway, director of the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute (WEHI). He initially worked with yeast enzymes and fermentation, but in 1947 he joined the virus department, where he worked with Frank Macfarlane Burnet. He also taught biochemistry and organic chemistry at the Melbourne Technical College and later at the University of Melbourne. In 1945 he became a naturalized British citizen. In 1949 he received a DSc from the University of Melbourne.
He was elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science in 1954. He discovered viral neuraminidase there in 1957. As Burnet stated: “In the world of biochemistry the most important contribution of the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute is regarded as Gottschalk’s discovery of the structure of the sialic acids and his recognition that an enzyme which I had characterised biologically was chemically a neuraminidase. Gottschalk’s work was masterly and it was definitive.”
On his retirement in 1959, he was invited by his friend and former WEHI colleague Frank Fenner to research at the John Curtin School of Medical Research at the Australian National University. He returned to West Germany in 1963, where he was appointed Guest-Professor at the Max Planck Institute for Virus Research in Tübingen. He continued active research and for his contributions to science was elected to the Fellowship of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1967 and received an honorary doctorate from the University of Münster (MD) in 1969.
He died in Tübingen on 4 October 1973. The Gottschalk Medal for medical research awarded by the Australian Academy of Science is named in his honour.
# Panjola

Panjola is a village in the Sirhind Block of Fatehgarh Sahib district in Punjab, India.

## Geography

Panjola is located at 30°30′44″N 76°26′40″E﻿ / ﻿30.512236°N 76.444330°E﻿ / 30.512236; 76.444330 in the Fatehgarh Sahib district of Indian Punjab. Sirhind Junction is the nearest railway station. The Village is located 18 kilometres south of District Headquarters Fatehgarh Sahib, seven kilometres from Sirhind and 46 kilometres from State capital Chandigarh.

## Demographics

As per the 2011 census, the village's total population was 657 with 123 households, of which 52.51% are males (345) and 47.49% are females (312), meaning the sex ratio in the village is skewed, with 847 females per 1000 males. Though residents have now started sending their daughters to schools, still only 63.46% of females are educated as compared to 72.75% of males. The overall literacy rate of the village is 68.34%. The Punjabi is the major language spoken by all in the village.

## Education

There is a Government Primary School in Panjola.
# Park Center, Colorado

Park Center is a census-designated place (CDP) in and governed by Fremont County, Colorado, United States. The CDP is a part of the Cañon City, CO Micropolitan Statistical Area. The population of the Park Center CDP was 2,953 at the United States Census 2020. The Cañon City post office (Zip Code 81212) serves the area.

## Geography

The Park Center CDP has an area of 4,208 acres (17.028 km$^2$), including 16 acres (0.066 km$^2$) of water.

## Demographics

The United States Census Bureau defined the Park Center CDP for the United States Census 2020.
# Tarun Kumar (cricketer)

Tarun Kumar (born 28 December 1974) is a former Indian cricketer. Kumar was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium. He was born in Yarpur, Bihar.
Kumar made his first-class debut for Bihar in the 1992–93 Ranji Trophy against Tripura. He played a further 16 matches for the state from 1992 to 2002. He also represented East Zone in five match in the during the 1993–94 and 1994–95 Duleep Trophy. Across the 22 matches he scored 2 centuries and averaged 27.56 with the bat.
He played also played List A cricket for the state and zone from 1993 to 1997. Debuting for the East Zone in the 1993–94 Deodhar Trophy against Central Zone he played six matches for the region. In the Ranji One-Day Trophy he played 13 matches for Bihar. With a top score of 81, he finished with an average 23.77 from the 19 matches.
# Pelecyphora alversonii

Pelecyphora alversonii commonly known as cushion foxtail cactus or cushion fox-tail cactus, is a species of flowering plant in the family Cactaceae, native to the southwestern United States.

## Description

Pelecyphora alversonii usually grows sprouting and forms underground, cylindrical offshoots with a diameter of 6–9 cm. The more or less spherical shoots reach heights of up to 7-25 centimeters. The plants have 18-33 radial spines per areoles. The eight to ten central spines have a white to dark red or black tip and are 1.2 to 1.6 centimeters long. The twelve to 18 white marginal spines are 1.2 to 2 centimeters long.
The flowers are magenta to pink and reach a diameter of around 3.2 centimeters. The ellipsoid fruits are green. Chromosome count is 2n = 22.
* P. alversonii in Joshua Tree National Park, California

## Distribution

Pelecyphora alversonii is widespread in the United States in southeastern California in the Mojave Desert and neighboring Arizona at elevations around 75–600 meters.

## Taxonomy

The first description as Cactus radiosus var. alversonii by John Merle Coulter was published in 1894. The specific epithet alversonii honors the mineral explorer Andrew H. Alverson (1845–1916). Nigel Paul Taylor placed the variety as a species in the genus Escobaria in 1997. David Aquino & Daniel Sánchez moved the species to Pelecyphora based on phylogenetic studies in 2022. Further nomenclature synonyms are Mammillaria alversonii (J.M.Coult.) Zeiss. (1895), Mammillaria radiosa var. alversonii (J.M.Coult.) K.Schum. (1898), Mammillaria arizonica var. alversonii (J.M.Coult.) Davidson & Moxley (1923), Coryphantha alversonii (J.M.Coult.) Orcutt (1926), Mammillaria vivipara var vivipara var. alversonii (J.M.Coult.) L.D.Benson (1969), Escobaria vivipara var. alversonii (J.M.Coult.) D.R.Hunt (1978) and Escobaria alversonii (J.M.Coult.) N.P.Taylor (1997).

## Conservation status

It is vulnerable species on the California Native Plant Society Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants.
# Thunakkadavu Dam

Thunakkadavu Dam is situated in Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala across Thoonakkadavu River, which is a tributary of Parambikulam River, in Palakkad district of Kerala, India. It is part of the Parambikulam-Aliyar Irrigation Project. It is in the Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary in the Muthalamada panchayath.
This is a small balancing Reservoir with gross capacity of 557 Mcft. The water that is received from Prambikulam Reservoir and from the Peruvaripallam Reservoir, as well as from its own catchment, is diverted to the Sarkarpathy Power House through the Sarkarpathy Power Tunnel. The Peruvaripallam Dam is connected to the Parambikulam Dam by a canal through a 2.5 km (1.6 mi) long underground tunnel. The Poringalkuthu reservoir gets water from catchments downstream of Parambikulam and Thunakadavu dams.

## Reservoir

An adjacent canal also flows from this river to the reservoir. Reservoir attracts fishing businesses. Tourism is also developed around the Reservoir. Water from Parambikulam dam drains to Thoonakadavu by gravity and after generation of 30 mW power at Sircarpathy, it will go through a Canal to reach Thirumurthi Dam.

## Sharing of water

The water stored in the dam reservoir is used mainly for agriculture. Kerala needs to get water every year from The Parambikulam-Aliyar project and Tamil Nadu will provide 7.25 TMC from the proposed project.
# Power box

A power box (USA) or feeder pillar (UK) is a cabinet for electrical equipment, mounted in the street and controlling the electrical supply to a number of houses in a neighborhood. A power box is simply a layman's term for a transformer, cutout enclosure, or other enclosure used in conjunction with underground electrical distribution. In the United States, they are often painted olive drab (an olive-like green color), gray or "sand", a light tan color.
# Radonín

Radonín is a municipality and village in Třebíč District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 90 inhabitants.
Radonín lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) north-west of Třebíč, 17 km (11 mi) south-east of Jihlava, and 130 km (81 mi) south-east of Prague.
# Railway schools in India

Railway schools are a chain of educational institutions in India run by the federal government, under the aegis of Ministry of Railways. These schools cater the education needs for the wards of railway and non-railway employees. The schools were established by the British.
In India, there about 114 such schools are present in Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.

## History

As the British Empire started colonizing countries in Asia and Africa, they brought resources and technology to comfort themselves — thereby seeding a big Industrial Revolution. To move the harvested and manufactured goods from one place to another, railway transportation brought bigger changes. Simultaneously, the colonists came forward to provide education for the members and staffs working in the railway. And thus started mushrooming of such schools: Wherever railway lines were laid, stations were opened and railway factories and workshops were established. In the late 1850s, these schools were part of larger railway colonies in which schools, leisure facilities, and domestic spaces were created for the residing Europeans to enjoy middle-class life.
One of the earliest railway colonies was in Jamalpur, Bihar. In this colony, European "Children were educated for future employment or to be railway wives at a primary level in the local school." One of the earliest railway schools was Oak Grove School at Jharipani, Mussoorie in India. In Tamil Nadu, railway schools were built between 1890 and the 1900s for children of British railway employees. Most were built following Victorian-style architecture. With the constant expansion of the railway network, such schools were established across the country. The schools were later opened to non-railway people.
On 30 April 2018, India's Southern Railway announced that it was shutting down all of its railway schools. The decision would affect 6,800 students in eight schools in Tamil Nadu and one school in Palakkad, Kerala. On 16 May 2018, Southern Railway issued an announcement that railway schools may continue to admit students. Some of the schools were allowed to operate with conditions that classes included 15 to 20 wards of railway employees.

## Criticisms

Some have criticized the railway schools created by the British as a way to separate British people, culture, and ways of life from Indian culture and influence. Some historians and philosophers (Michel Foucault) have criticized these schools and colonies as sites that intended to "other" Indians and Indian culture by emphasizing national, racial, and class differences. The construction of these railway colonies and schools was described by James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie as one of the "three great engines of social improvement," that would impact "every other improvement whatever, both physical and moral."
# Serraval

Serraval (French pronunciation:; Arpitan: Sérava) is a commune in the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France. As of 2021, the estimated population of this region is 732.
# Matthew Chapman

Matthew Chapman or Matt Chapman may refer to:
* Matthew Chapman (author) (born 1950), author, screenwriter, director, journalist and great-great-grandson of Charles Darwin
* Matthew Chapman (born 1976), one half of The Brothers Chaps who created the Homestar Runner animated cartoons
* Matt Chapman, editor of MyM magazine
* Matt Chapman (born 1993), American professional baseball player
* Mat Chapman (1865–1909), English cricketer
* Matt Chapman (darts player) (born 1981), English darts player
* Matt Chapman, British horse racing journalist and presenter on ITV Racing
# Westing (By Musket and Sextant)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Christgau's Consumer Guide | A− |
| The New Rolling Stone Album Guide | |
| Rolling Stone | |
| Spin | |
Westing (By Musket and Sextant) is a compilation of the early EPs and singles by American indie rock band Pavement. It features all the tracks from their first three EPs, Slay Tracks (1933–1969), Demolition Plot J-7, and Perfect Sound Forever, as well as the single mix of "Summer Babe," its B-sides, and two compilation tracks.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Stephen Malkmus and Scott Kannberg.

### Slay Tracks: 1933–1969

    1. "You're Killing Me" – 3:20
    2. "Box Elder" – 2:26
    3. "Maybe Maybe" – 2:14
    4. "She Believes" – 3:02
    5. "Price Yeah!" – 3:00

### Demolition Plot J-7

    6. "Forklift" – 3:27
    7. "Spizzle Trunk" – 1:23
    8. "Recorder Grot" – 2:08
    9. "Internal K-Dart" – 1:51
    10. "Perfect Depth" – 2:43
    11. "Recorder Grot (Rally)" – 0:21

### Perfect Sound Forever

    12. "Heckler Spray" – 1:06
    13. "From Now On" – 2:03
    14. "Angel Carver Blues/Mellow Jazz Docent" – 2:30
    15. "Drive-by Fader" – 0:28
    16. "Debris Slide" – 1:56
    17. "Home" – 2:23
    18. "Krell Vid-User" – 1:26

### Summer Babe single

    19. "Summer Babe" – 3:13
    20. "Mercy Snack: The Laundromat" – 1:39
    21. "Baptist Blacktick" – 2:03

### Compilation appearances

    22. "My First Mine" – 2:20
    23. "My Radio" – 1:21

## Personnel
### Pavement

* Stephen Malkmus – lead vocals (tracks 1–14, 16–23), guitar (tracks 1–23), keyboard (tracks 1,6, 9), synthesizer (tracks 5, 9), bass guitar (track 2), percussion (tracks 3,6)
* Scott Kannberg – guitar (tracks 2–14, 16–23), bass guitar (tracks 12–14, 16–18), drums (tracks 3-4), trombone (track 4), keyboard (track 7), synthesizer (track 9)
* Gary Young – drums (tracks 2, 4–5, 12–14, 16–23)

## Charts

| Chart (1992/1993) | Peak position |
| Australian Albums (ARIA) | 171 |
| United Kingdom Albums (OOC) | 30 |
# Spicy Fifty

A Spicy Fifty is a cocktail containing vanilla-flavored vodka with elderflower cordial, lime juice, honey syrup, and red chili pepper. To prepare, the ingredients are added to a cocktail shaker and shaken with ice. The chili optionally can be muddled in the base of the shaker. More chili can be added to make it spicier. The drink is then double-strained into a chilled cocktail glass. A whole pepper is used as garnish sitting at the rim of the glass. The drinker should be cautioned against eating the pepper.
The Spicy Fifty cocktail was added to the list of IBA official cocktails in 2020 in the new era drink category.
It was created by beverage expert Salvatore Calabrese, and named after the bar FIFTY in London, where Calabrese formerly worked before it closed. It is described as sweet with a spicy finish that pairs well with Asian fusion cuisine.
Salvatore Calabrese created the cocktail in 2004-2005 as his signature drink for the first menu of the bar FIFTY that opened in February 2005. It is also said to have been created to commemorate his birthday. Calabrese was influenced by Jean-George Vongerichten, a Michelin-starred chef, who made dishes where chili was a prominent ingredient. This was during an era where vanilla-flavored vodkas were trendy.
Variations include the MyZo cocktail (which uses lemon juice instead of lime juice and no honey syrup) and Fuego Manzana No.2 (which uses tequila instead of vodka and uses apple schnapps and apple juice instead of lime juice).
# Inimutaba

Inimutaba is a Brazilian municipality located in the northeast of the state of Minas Gerais. Its population as of 2020 was 7,560 living in a total area of 529 km$^2$. The city belongs to the statistical mesoregion of Central Mineira and to the statistical microregion of Curvelo. It became a municipality in 1962.

## Geography

Inimutaba is located at an elevation of 630 meters on highway BR-259 (Felixlândia to Diamantina). The nearest major population center is Curvelo.
The distance to Curvelo is 6 km; and the distance to the state capital, Belo Horizonte, is 175 km. Neighboring municipalities are: Curvelo and Presidente Juscelino.

## History

Inimutaba began in the nineteenth century with the construction of a textile factory called Fiação e Tecelagem Cedro e Cachoeira. The name of the town is derived from this industry as it means "village of weavers" in the indigenous language. In the early nineties the factory closed and the town went through a period of economic depression.

## Economy

The main economic activities are services, small industries, and agriculture. The production of charcoal from eucalyptus plantations is also important. The GDP in 2005 was R$29 million, with 15 million from services, 6 million from industry, and 5 million from agriculture. There were 222 rural producers on 19,000 hectares of land. Only 40 farms had tractors (2006). Approximately 1,700 persons were dependent on agriculture. The main crops were sugarcane, beans, and corn. There were 19,000 head of cattle (2006). There were no banks (2007) and 382 automobiles (353 motorcycles), giving a ratio of 17 inhabitants per automobile.

## Health and education

There were 2 health clinics in 2005. Patients with more serious health conditions are transported to Belo Horizonte or Curvelo. Educational needs were met by 7 primary schools, 1 middle schools, and 4 pre-primary schools.

## Statistics

* Municipal Human Development Index: 0.691 (2000)
* State ranking: 583 out of 853 municipalities as of 2000
* National ranking: 3,134 out of 5,138 municipalities as of 2000
* Literacy rate: 82%
* Life expectancy: 66 (average of males and females)
In 2000 the per capita income of R$124.00 was well below the state and national average of R$276.00 and R$297.00 respectively.
# Jean-François Anti

Jean-François Anti [ʒɑ̃-fʁɑ̃swa ɑ̃ti] (born 13 February 1971) is a French racing cyclist. He rode in the 1997 Tour de France.
# Briant

Briant may refer to:

## People

* Alexander Briant (1556–1581), an English Jesuit and martyr, executed at Tyburn
* Frank Briant (1863–1934), a British Liberal politician and Civil Servant
* Gavin Briant (born 1969), a former Zimbabwean cricket player
* George Briant (1828-1914), an Australian cricket player
* George (1901-2005) and Germaine Briant (1903-2005), an American couple married for 83 years
* Michael E. Briant (born 1942), a British television director
* Pierre Briant (born 1940), a French Iranologist, Professor of History and Civilisation of the Achaemenid World
* Robin Briant (born 1939), New Zealand doctor
* Shane Briant (1946–2021), an English actor and novelist
* Vincent Briant (born 1986), a French professional football player
# The Falls of the Rhine at Schaffhausen

The Falls of the Rhine at Schaffhausen is a 1788 landscape painting by the French-born artist Philip James de Loutherbourg. It shows a scene on the Rhine Falls in Neuhausen am Rheinfall, near Schaffhausen, in Switzerland. Loutherbourg visited the country that year where he produced this work in the emerging style of Romanticism.
After settling in London the artist became known for stage designs for David Garrick at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane while also producing landscape paintings. Loutherberg intended this painting as a rejoinder to those who had criticised his landscapes as too full of invention and not being direct studies of nature. It was exhibited at the Royal Academy's Summer Exhibition of 1788 having been shipped from Switzerland.
Today it is the collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum having been acquired in 1886.
# Bondary

Bondary is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Michałowo, within Białystok County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Belarus. It lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) south-east of Michałowo and 44 km (27 mi) south-east of the regional capital Białystok.