OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Barossa Reservoir

Barossa Reservoir is a reservoir in the Australian state of South Australia, built between 1899 and 1902 to supply water to Gawler and other northern country areas. Built at a cost of almost A£170,000 the reservoir was hailed on completion as an engineering marvel, and with the reservoir wall rising to a height of 36 metres (118 ft), it was, at the time of its completion, the highest dam wall in Australia.

## Location and features

The thin arch of the dam retaining wall, curved against the pressure of the water, was an innovation considered radical, and attracted the Reservoir international attention. It was featured in the Scientific American and caused the American Engineers News to remark that its "boldness of design deserves to rank with the most famous dams in the world". The dam is notable for its parabola effect, where a voice can be heard clearly from one side to the other – over 140 metres (460 ft), end to end. This unusual acoustic phenomenon is a popular tourist attraction, and has earned the dam the title "Whispering Wall" (see Whispering gallery).
During construction large stones were used in the wall to save concrete and tram rails were used to reinforce the upper section. The Barossa Reservoir was formed by damming the Yettie Creek gorge in the northern Mount Lofty Ranges, a feat that took over 400 men. Its water comes through a two-kilometre (one-mile) tunnel, carved by horse power, from the South Para River and Reservoir, and is supplemented by the Warren Reservoir and the River Murray. In addition to Gawler and country, a filtration plant constructed in 1982 allows the Reservoir to supply the suburbs of Munno Para and Elizabeth.
The dam's vegetated surrounds are also protected. Aside from its acoustic attraction, the Whispering Wall offers great views of both the Barossa Reservoir and the surrounding, well-preserved natural bounty. The area abounds in thick scrub, tall red gums, and pines, and a flourishing bird and animal life. It is a popular destination for picnics and bird-watching.
In 2008, its engineering heritage was recognised by the installation of a marker provided by the Engineers Australia's Engineering Heritage Recognition Program.

## Key statistics

* Capacity: 4,515 megalitres (159.4×10^$^6$ cu ft)
* Length of wall: 144 metres (472 ft)
* Height of wall: 36 metres (118 ft)
* Depth at wall: 28.6 metres (94 ft)
* Type of wall: Concrete arch

## Incidents

At approximately 4:30 PM on Wednesday 21 April 2021, Henry Shepherdson jumped from the wall with his 9-month-old daughter, Kobi, strapped to him, amongst disturbed onlookers. The father was pronounced dead upon arrival of paramedics and the child later died at the scene. The incident was deemed a murder-suicide as there were witnesses who testify that Henry jumped as opposed to falling. There was a history of domestic violence between Kobi's mother and father. As of Friday 22 November 2024, A coronial inquest continues

## Gallery

* The Whispering Wall carries sounds clearly over 140 metres (460 ft)
* Barossa Reservoir from the air
# Ko Chang-soo

Ko Chang-soo (born December 5, 1934, in Hungnam) is a Korean poet and diplomat.
Chang obtained a Doctor of Letters degree from Sungkyunkwan University in Seoul, Korea. He wrote his dissertation on Buddhist thoughts in T. S. Eliot's Four Quartets. He served his country as a career diplomat, serving as South Korean consul general in Seattle, Washington in the United States and ambassador to Ethiopia and Pakistan.
His poetry is written in Korean, but he has translated much of his own as well as other Korean poetry. In addition to publishing having a number poetry collections, he has had poems published in such journals as World Poetry, Viewpoint 11, and Curious Cats. Ko has won various Korean poetry prizes as well as the Lucian Blaga International Poetry Festival Grand Prize in Romania. Some of his poetry has also been translated into Spanish. He also has won the Modern Korean Literature Translation Award.
Much of Ko's poetry reflects his knowledge of Western culture and literature, as seen in such poems as "To Marc Chagall." Other poems examine and reflect on his experience in Korea (e.g., "In a Remote Korean Village") and other places around the world (e.g., his long poem, "Mohenjo-Daro"). Many, though not all, of his poems are set out-of-doors. Some of these place the poet in the setting.

## Publications

* What the Spider Said: Poems of Chang Soo Ko. Translated by the poet. (2004)
* Between Sound and Silence: Poems of Chang Soo Ko. Hollym: Elizabeth, NJ /Seoul. 2000. (Poems in original Korean and with English translations by the poet.)
* Sound of Silence: Poems. Leo Books. (1996)
* Seattle Poems. Poetry Around Press, Seattle. (1992)
* Park, Je-chun 1997 Sending the Ship out to the Stars: Poems of Park Je-chun. Translated from the Korean by Ko Chang-soo. East Asia Program, Cornell University: Ithaca, NY.

## Sources and external links

* About Ko: https://web.archive.org/web/20060909180100/http://langtech.dickinson.edu/sirena/Issue4/Ko.htm
* https://web.archive.org/web/20100124052721/http://www.homabooks.com/general/books/east_asia/korea/1024.php (includes "Ex-diplomat Poet Weaves Metaphors from Spider Web" by Iris Moon, The Korea Herald
* McCann, Daniel 2000 "Preface" to Between Sound and Silence.
* Some of his poems in English: https://web.archive.org/web/20070928003705/http://www.poemworld.co.kr/lhw/reboard/list.php3?custom=poem
* some of his poems in English: https://web.archive.org/web/20070927121357/http://www.munhakac.co.kr/reboard/list.php3?custom=English
Diplomatic posts :
| Preceded byKim D. | Ambassador of Republic of Korea to Ethiopia 1987–1990 | Succeeded byKim S. |
| Preceded byKim J. | Ambassador of Republic of Korea to Pakistan 1993–1996 | Succeeded byKeum J. |
# Mahisapala dynasty

The Mahisapala Dynasty (Nepali: महिषपाल वंश) was a dynasty established by an Abhira that ruled the Kathmandu Valley. They were also known as Mahispalbanshi. They took control of Nepal after replacing the Gopala dynasty. The Gopalas and the Mahisapalas were together known as Abhiras. Three kings of Mahisapala dynasty ruled the valley before they were overthrown by the Kiratas.

## Rulers

The three kings of this dynasty were:
* Bar Singh or Bara Sinha
* His son, Jaya Singh or Jayamati Sinha
* His son, Bhuban Singh or Bhuvana Sinha
The last king was overthrown by Yalambar.
# Astragalectomy

Astragalectomy, sometimes called a talectomy, is a surgical operation for removal of the talus bone (astragalus) for stabilization of the ankle.
Historically, an astragalectomy was used in cases of severe ankle trauma and congenial talipes equinovarus (clubfoot). It is no longer a common operation, but is still used in cases of a deformed calcaneus, foot paralysis following poliomyelitis, and rigid clubfoot deformities that are secondary to spina bifida or arthrogryposis (AMC). The surgery is also performed in severe cases of pulverized or infected open fractures.
Generally, the surgical procedure involves making an anterolateral incision, stripping the ligaments from both malleoli and the calcaneus so that the foot can be displaced posteriorly. The talus is then resected, and the foot is placed so that the lateral malleolus rests opposite the calcaneocuboid joint, and the medial malleolus lies just above and behind the navicular bone. The foot is held in place with a surgical pin or with Kirschner wire. After the operation, the patient wears an above-knee cast for six weeks, followed by a below-knee cast for eighteen weeks.
# Ray Bateman Jr.

Ray Bateman Jr. (August 9, 1955 – February 1, 1990) was an American luger. He competed at the 1980 Winter Olympics and the 1984 Winter Olympics. He died at the age of 34, after collapsing playing a game of squash.
# David Tristram

David Tristram (born 1957or1958, Quarry Bank, UK) is an English comic playwright. He has published 33 plays and comedy novels, and produced and directed three films. Widely performed by amateur and professional groups, his plays have parodied such pop-culture genres as soap operas and detective stories.
Educated at Dudley Grammar School and Birmingham University, where he studied English and music, Tristram was a commercial copywriter before turning to comedy. In 1985 he founded the Flying Ducks Theatre Company, which has now become a professional touring company. The enterprise has expanded into the Flying Ducks Group, which stages conferences and other events, provides audio-visual and Internet production services, and represents actors.
Tristram's plays take a farcical view of sex, alcohol, drugs, crime, politics, and theatre itself. Tristram claims he writes only comedy because he cannot take himself too seriously. He usually tests his new work at a small theatre in Bridgnorth near his home in Highley before wider release. His plays have been performed in South Africa, New Zealand, Mexico and Europe among other locations.
His 2015 film Doreen includes cameo appearances from Robert Plant, Nick Owen, and Steve Bull.

## Books

* 2006 A Bolt from the Blue ISBN 978-1900997072
* 2014 Doreen - From Rug-Rats to Riches: Autobiography of a Lazy Cow ISBN 978-1900997140

## Films

* 2011 Inspector Drake: The Movie
* 2012 Inspector Drake 2: The Seagull
* 2015 Doreen: The Movie
# Tain railway station

Tain railway station is an unstaffed railway station serving the area of Tain in the Highland council area of Scotland. The station is on the Far North Line, 44 miles 23 chains (71.3 km) from Inverness, between Fearn and Ardgay. ScotRail, who manage the station, operate all services.

## History

In its heyday the station had a staff of approximately thirty people. The station was opened on 1 June 1864 by the Highland Railway. Murdoch Paterson was the engineer involved in the construction of the station (1863–1864).
There have been two engine sheds at Tain in the past: the first was timber-built and originally from Invergordon, which included a turntable. It was re-erected and reopened in June 1864, but burned down on 20 April 1877. The second was stone-built and opened in 1877. There were no facilities at the shed, although there was a water column and a turntable at the station. It was closed on 18 June 1962, and later demolished. Both the turntable and the water tank were demolished at a later date, although the pit wall tops of the turntable remain visible. Two signal boxes have also been at the station, one at the north end and one at the south end, although both of these are now demolished.

## Facilities

Both platforms have benches, although only platform 1 has a shelter. There is step-free access to both platforms (from two car parks, 1 adjacent to each platform), although the platforms are connected via a footbridge. The only help point is on platform 2. As there are no facilities to purchase tickets, passengers must buy one in advance, or from the guard on the train.

## Platform layout

The station has a passing loop 24 chains (480 m) long, with two platforms. Platform 1 on the southbound line can accommodate trains having seven coaches, whereas platform 2 on the down northbound line can hold eight.

## Services

There are five through trains northbound (four to Wick & Thurso, one to Ardgay) in the December 2021 timetable, and eight trains to Inverness southbound on weekdays & Saturdays. The additional departures to Inverness run mainly in the morning peak & evening and are run primarily for commuters. On Sundays there are four trains to Inverness and a single departure to Wick.
| Preceding station | National Rail | National Rail | National Rail | Following station |
| Fearn or Invergordon | | ScotRail Far North Line | | Ardgay or Terminates here |
| | Historical railways | Historical railways | Historical railways | |
| Fearn Line and station open | | Highland Railway Inverness and Ross-shire Railway | | Meikle Ferry Line open; Station closed |
# Vladimir Buss

Vladimir Viktorovich Buss (Russian: Владимир Викторович Бусс; born 17 June 1978) is a former Russian football player.
Buss played in the Russian Premier League with FC Lada Togliatti.
# Terrance Parks

Terrance Parks (born April 14, 1990) is a former American football safety. He played college football at Florida State University. He was not selected in the 2012 NFL draft, but signed with the Kansas City Chiefs as an undrafted free agent. Parks attended Creekside High School in Fairburn, Georgia, where he was teammates with Eric Berry and Rokevious Watkins.

## Professional career
### Kansas City Chiefs

After going undrafted in the 2012 NFL draft, Parks spent the 2012 NFL season as a member of the Kansas City Chiefs.

### Hamilton Tiger-Cats

Parks was signed in the off-season by the Hamilton Tiger-Cats of the Canadian Football League. He was released by the team on June 17, 2013, and then resigned 5 days later on June 22, 2013. He was added to the Ti-Cats injury list on June 23, 2013 until July 6, 2013, when he returned to the team. He was placed back on the injury list from July 12 to 20, 2013. He was then released by the Ti-Cats after Week 4 of the regular season.

### Seattle Seahawks

After being cut by the Seattle Seahawks prior to the start of the 2014-2015 NFL Season, Parks signed to the teams' practice squad on September 7, 2014. He was promoted to the active roster on November 1, 2014.

### Houston Texans

After being released by the Seattle Seahawks, Parks was signed to the Houston Texans practice squad on November 26, 2014. He was released in September 2015 after an injury settlement.

### Atlanta Falcons

Parks was signed to the Atlanta Falcons practice squad on December 8, 2015.

### Winnipeg Blue Bombers

On April 19, 2017, Parks signed with the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League. He was released by the Bombers on May 17, 2017.

### Atlanta Falcons (second stint)

On July 25, 2018, Parks signed with the Atlanta Falcons. He was released on July 30, 2018.

### Orlando Apollos

Parks signed with the Orlando Apollos of the Alliance of American Football on February 11, 2019, after Jacob Pugh was placed on injured reserve. The league ceased operations in April 2019.
# Didier Willefert

Didier Willefert (born 2 August 1964) is a French equestrian. He competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics and the 2000 Summer Olympics.
# Spike Fuck

Spike Fuck (sometimes stylised as SPIKE FCUK & SPIKE F*CK) is an artist and musician from Melbourne, Australia.

## Overview

Growing up in Melbourne, Australia, she began performing as Spike Fuck in 2015.
Her work draws primarily from her experience as a recovering addict and her struggle with gender dysphoria. She describes her musical style as "smackwave": a genre combining elements of new wave, post-punk and country music. She cites Roky Erickson and Scott Walker as important influences.
In 2019, she signed to Partisan Records and announced her plan to begin work on her first full-length release, BellaDonna DeathTrip

## Work

Spike Fuck's debut EP, The Smackwave EP, was released in 2016. The EP was re-released in 2019. She has described it as an impersonation of a washed-up middle aged rock star attempting a comeback in the 1960s or 1970s.
In 2019, she released the single "Body by Crystal"; describing the song as an "over-produced pop-punk sound, like End of the Century-era Ramones".
In mid-2017, Spike released a country music single named "Suicide Party (Greatest Hits)". The track featured Graham "Evil" Lee of The Triffids. In August 2020, Spike then released "Kind Hearts"; a duet with Melbourne band The Slingers.
# New Zealand top 50 albums of 2012

This is a list of the top-selling albums in New Zealand for 2012 from the Official New Zealand Music Chart's end-of-year chart, compiled by Recorded Music NZ.

## Chart
### Key

    ‡ – Album of New Zealand origin
| Rank | Artist | Title |
| 1 | Adele | 21 |
| 2 | Ed Sheeran | + |
| 3 | One Direction | Up All Night |
| 4 | Mumford & Sons | Babel |
| 5 | The Black Keys | El Camino |
| 6 | Taylor Swift | Red |
| 7 | Rod Stewart | Merry Christmas, Baby |
| 8 | Six60 | Six60 |
| 9 | One Direction | Take Me Home |
| 10 | Pink | The Truth About Love |
| 11 | Lana Del Rey | Born To Die |
| 12 | Susan Boyle | Standing Ovation: The Greatest Songs from the Stage |
| 13 | Michael Bublé | Christmas |
| 14 | Led Zeppelin | Celebration Day |
| 15 | Bruno Mars | Doo-Wops & Hooligans |
| 16 | Skrillex | Bangarang |
| 17 | Coldplay | Mylo Xyloto |
| 18 | Peter Posa | White Rabbit: The Very Best Of Peter Posa |
| 19 | Fun | Some Nights |
| 20 | Whitney Houston | The Ultimate Collection |
| 21 | Reece Mastin | Reece Mastin |
| 22 | Katy Perry | Teenage Dream |
| 23 | Frankie Valli and the Four Seasons | Jersey's Best: The Very Best of Frankie Valli and the Four Seasons |
| 24 | Rod Stewart | Storyteller – The Complete Anthology: 1964–1990 |
| 25 | Kimbra | Vows |
| 26 | Florence and the Machine | Ceremonials |
| 27 | Gin Wigmore | Gravel & Wine |
| 28 | Justin Bieber | Believe |
| 29 | Leonard Cohen | Old Ideas |
| 30 | Maroon 5 | Overexposed |
| 31 | The Rolling Stones | GRRR! |
| 32 | Amy Winehouse | Lioness: Hidden Treasures |
| 33 | Linkin Park | Living Things |
| 34 | Bee Gees | Mythology |
| 35 | LMFAO | Sorry for Party Rocking |
| 36 | Mumford & Sons | Sigh No More |
| 37 | Adele | 19 |
| 38 | Karise Eden | My Journey |
| 39 | Dennis Marsh | Sounds of the Pacific |
| 40 | Bruno Mars | Unorthodox Jukebox |
| 41 | Mark Knopfler | Privateering |
| 42 | Nicki Minaj | Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded |
| 43 | David Guetta | Nothing but the Beat |
| 44 | Slash and Myles Kennedy | Apocalyptic Love |
| 45 | Home Brew | Home Brew |
| 46 | Fleetwood Mac | 25 Years – The Chain |
| 47 | Jersey Boys original Broadway cast | Jersey Boys: Original Broadway Cast Recording |
| 48 | Skrillex | Scary Monsters and Nice Sprites |
| 49 | Kora | Light Years |
| 50 | Foo Fighters | Wasting Light |
# Yagapriya

Yagapriya (pronounced yāgapriya) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 31st melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called Kalāvati in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music. Like many other rāgas, Kalāvati has been adopted in Hindustani music as well.

## Structure and Lakshana

It is the 1st rāgam in the 6th chakra Rutu. The mnemonic name is Rutu-Pa. The mnemonic phrase is sa ru gu ma pa dha na. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):
* ārohaṇa: S R₃ G₃ M₁ P D₁ N₁ Ṡ
* avarohaṇa: Ṡ N₁ D₁ P M₁ G₃ R₃ S
The notes shatsruthi rishabham, antara gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, shuddha dhaivatham and shuddha nishadham are used in this rāgam. As Yagapriya is a melakarta, by definition it is a sampoorna rāgam (has all seven notes in ascending and descending scale). It is the shuddha madhyamam equivalent of Sucharitra, which is the 67th melakarta scale.

## Janya rāgams

Yagapriya has a few minor janya rāgams (derived scales) associated with it. See List of janya rāgams for full list of rāgams associated with Yagapriya.

## Compositions

A few compositions set to Yagapriya rāgam are:
* Kalavati kamalasyanu by Muthuswami Dikshitar
* Shambho sadashiva by Koteeswara Iyer

## Related rāgams

This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.
Yagapriya's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam, does not yield any melakarta rāgams. Graha bhedam is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the shadjam to the next note in the rāgam.
# Mary Hegarty (scientist)

Mary Hegarty is an Irish–American psychologist who is a professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Her research considers spatial thinking in complex processes. She is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

## Early life and education

Hegarty was an undergraduate and graduate student at University College Dublin. After graduating, she stayed in Ireland for three years, working as a research assistant at St Patrick's College, before moving to the United States for her doctoral research. She joined Carnegie Mellon University as a doctoral researcher.

## Research and career

Hegarty was appointed to the faculty at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Her research considers spatial thinking, and how it is involved in complex psychological processes. She has demonstrated that eye fixation data can be used to understand mechanical reasoning (e.g. interpretation of graphics). Eye-fixation data allows Hegarty to follow the processes involved in understanding diagrams and maps. Hegarty is interested in individual differences in navigation, learning the layout of environments, mental rotation and taking perspective. She has investigated why people with great spatial abilities are more successful in STEM-related disciplines.

## Awards and honours

* 2001 Elected Fellow of the American Psychological Association
* 2022 Elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science

## Selected publications

* Akira Miyake; Naomi P Friedman; David A Rettinger; Priti Shah; Mary Hegarty (1 December 2001). "How are visuospatial working memory, executive functioning, and spatial abilities related? A latent-variable analysis". Journal of Experimental Psychology. 130 (4): 621–640. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.130.4.621. ISSN 0096-3445. PMID 11757872. Wikidata Q52015623.
* M. Hegarty; M.A. Just (December 1993). "Constructing Mental Models of Machines from Text and Diagrams". Journal of Memory and Language. 32 (6): 717–742. doi:10.1006/JMLA.1993.1036. ISSN 0749-596X. Wikidata Q62714859.
* Thomas Wolbers; Mary Hegarty (6 February 2010). "What determines our navigational abilities?". Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 14 (3): 138–146. doi:10.1016/J.TICS.2010.01.001. ISSN 1364-6613. PMID 20138795. Wikidata Q37688619.
# Catherine McGeoch

Catherine Cole McGeoch is an American computer scientist specializing in empirical algorithmics and heuristics for NP-hard problems. She is currently Beitzel Professor in Technology and Society at Amherst College. She has been the Editor in Chief of ACM Journal of Experimental Algorithmics and was a member of the ACM Publications Board.

## Biography

McGeoch graduated summa cum laude from Butler University in 1981. She then earned her M.S. (1983) and her Ph.D.(1986) from Carnegie Mellon University, supervised by Jon Bentley. She is the author of A Guide to Experimental Algorithmics (ISBN 9781107001732) and Adiabatic Quantum Computation and Quantum Annealing: Theory and Practice (ISBN 9781627053358).
In 2013, she published one of the first detailed benchmarks of D-Wave's Quantum Computer versus conventional software. Her work was featured in an Amherst College press release and was subsequently cited in numerous media outlets, including The New York Times, The Economist and The New Yorker. Starting in May 2014 she took a leave of absence from Amherst College to work full-time for D-Wave.
# Masayuki Kuwahara

Masayuki Kuwahara (桑原 将志, Kuwahara Masayuki, born July 21, 1993) is a Japanese professional baseball outfielder for the Yokohama DeNA BayStars of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB).