OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Amak Volcano

Amak Volcano is a basaltic andesite stratovolcano in the Aleutian Islands of Alaska, United States, 618 miles (995 km) from Anchorage. It is located on the eponymous island, 31 miles (50 km) from Frosty Volcano and near the edge of the Alaskan Peninsula's western flank. Only boats are allowed to access the island with a certain permit.
Blocky (dotted with flat blocks of minerals and crystals) lava flows stream from its summit to its flanks. Three historical eruptions have taken place – two within the 18th century, the first from 1700 to 1710, and the latter in 1796. The earliest prehistoric eruption was believed to have taken place between 3050 and 2050 BCE.

## Accessibility

Cold Bay, the city nearest Amak, is easily accessible by plane. Amak is accessible only by boat; airplanes are not permitted to land on the island. Private boat rides to Amak are available in Cold Bay, but for access to the Aleutian Islands, a permit is required from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.

## Geography and geology

Amak Island lies in the Bering Sea, north of the main archipelago of the Aleutians. It is one of two islands (along with Bogoslof Island) that are 31 miles (50 km) north of the main range.
The United States has the most active volcanoes in the world, many of them geologically young. In Alaska, at least 50 volcanoes, including those in the Aleutian archipelago, have erupted in historical time. The state accounts for ~80% of the United States' volcanoes, excluding the seamounts in the area, ~8% of world volcanoes, and most of these are located among the Aleutian Islands. The Aleutian Islands arc serves as the northern boundary of the Pacific Ring of Fire, where tectonic activity generates earthquakes and volcanic eruptions in masses.
The volcano is basaltic-andesitic in composition. It is a modest stratovolcano, rising no more than 1,683 feet (513 m) above sea level. The volcanic crater is distinct, and has erupted in historical times, only "blocky" lava flows. Charles Wood and Jürgen Kienle, volcanologists, propose that earlier activity, 4,000–5,000 years ago, consisted primarily of lavas of ethereal (fine) platy and thick andesite. Amak Volcano is unique in that its andesitic lavas, while composed the same as the other Aleutians, contain an abundance of potash. They also could contain more sodium carbonate and rare-earth element deposits than the Aleutian norm. Between Bogoslof, the other Aleutian island north of the main arc, and Amak, Amak's lavas are more alkalic and silicic.
Glaciation took place around the volcano roughly 6700 years BP, carving out U-shaped valleys. At the southwest flank of the island, a crater, likely a maar, can be found amid an alluvial plain.

### Eruptive history

The Amak Volcano has erupted three times in historical times: circa 2550 B.C., from 1700 to 1710, and in 1796; the first of these events was identified with tephrochronology. Each eruption has been characterized by lava flows, and the two most recent eruptions included a crater eruption.
# Freehand Productions

Freehand Productions (or simply Freehand) is an Australian television production company, founded in 2004 by producers John Gregory, Peter Abbott and Chris O’Mara.
Since its inception, Freehand has produced or co-produced various genres of content, including light and factual entertainment, observational documentary, specials and children's television, for Australian commercial broadcasters, public broadcasters and subscription television channels.
Notable productions include Top Gear Australia, Freshwater Blue, Missing Persons Unit, Planet Cake and Joker Poker.

## History

In 2007, BBC Worldwide acquired a 25% stake in Freehand Productions for a reported A$2.5 million, which was the first time BBC Worldwide purchased a stake in an existing company rather than set up their own. BBC Worldwide divested its stake to co-founder Peter Abbott in 2012.
Co-founder Chris O'Mara departed the company in 2009.
In 2010, Freehand produced the first local commission for MTV Australia, in reality show Freshwater Blue.

## Productions

Production credits include Planet Cake (Lifestyle Food), Matt Wright: Outback Wrangler (National Geographic Channel), Freshwater Blue (MTV), Top Gear Australia (moving from SBS to Nine Network in 2010), Dancing with the Stars (Seven Network), Bush Slam (ABC), Costa's Garden Odyssey (SBS), Missing Persons Unit (Nine Network), An Audience with Michael Parkinson (UKTV) and One Small Step: The Australian Story (BBC Knowledge and BBC HD).
In 2008, Freehand joined forces with Blink Films to produce the children's program Escape from Scorpion Island (ABC) and together were successful in securing the inaugural commission for CBeebies Australia with the magical show for pre-schoolers, Penelope K, by the way.

## Production credits

* Meet the Hockers (9Go!)
* A League of Their Own (Ten)
* Some Say Love - Pilot (UKTV)
* Planet Cake (Lifestyle Food)
* Matt Wright: Outback Wrangler (National Geographic Channel)
* Freshwater Blue (MTV)
* Goa Hippy Tribe (SBS)
* Penelope K, by the way (CBeebies)
* Costa's Arnhem Land Odyssey (SBS)
* Costa's Garden Odyssey Series 1 and 2 (SBS)
* Bush Slam (ABC)
* One Small Step (BBC Knowledge)
* An Audience with Michael Parkinson (UKTV)
* The Nest Series 1 and 2 (SBS).
* Escape from Scorpion Island Series 2 - 5 (with RDF for ABC and BBC)
* Top Gear Australia Series 1 and 2 (BBC Worldwide and SBS) Series 3 and 4 (BBC Worldwide and Nine Network)
* Dancing with the Stars (Seven Network)
* Missing Persons Unit Series 1 - 5 (Nine Network)
* Great Australian Homes (How To Channel)
* Owner Builder (How To Channel)
* Outback Wildlife Rescue (Seven Network and BBC Worldwide)
* The Great BBQ Challenge (XYZ Lifestyle Food)
* The 2005 and 2006 Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards
* Honey, We're Killing the Kids (Ten Network and BBC Worldwide)
* Skating On Thin Ice (Nine Network)
* My Restaurant Rules (Seven Network)
* Queer Eye For The Straight Guy (Ten Network)
# Valor

Valor, valour, or valorous may mean:
* Courage, a similar meaning
* Virtue ethics, roughly "courage in defense of a noble cause"

## Entertainment

* Valor Kand, a member of the band Christian Death
* Valor (TV series), an American drama series
* Valor (DC Comics), a DC Comics superhero
* Valor (EC Comics), an EC Comics title

## Sports

* Washington Valor, American football team
* Team Valor International, an American Thoroughbred horse racing stable
* Valour FC, a Canadian soccer club

## Other

* Bell V-280 Valor, U.S. army tiltrotor aircraft
* Valor Communications, the former name of Windstream Communications, a telecommunications company
* Valor Ecclesiasticus, a survey of the finances of the church in England, Wales and English-controlled parts of Ireland made in 1535
* Yale & Valor, a UK-based gas boiler manufacturer
* Carnival Valor, a Conquest-class cruise ship operated by Carnival Cruise Line
* HMS Valorous, the name of more than one ship of the British Royal Navy
* Team Valor, a team on Pokémon Go
* Valoren number, the analog of ISIN security identifiers for Switzerland
# Gabriel De Michèle

Gabriel De Michèle (born 6 March 1941) is a French former footballer of Italian descent, who played as a defender. At club level, he spent his entire career with Nantes. At international level, he was part of France team that took part in the 1966 FIFA World Cup.

## Honours
### Nantes

* French championship: 1965, 1966, 1973
# Luka Azariashvili

Luka Azariashvili (born 30 November 1999 in Tbilisi, Georgia) is a rugby union player who currently plays for Montpellier in the Top 14 and Biarritz Olympique in the Rugby top 14 (loan) and also plays internationally for Georgia U20 as a Tighthead prop.
# Dukagjin Pupovci

Dukagjin Pupovci (born 5 June 1964) is a Kosovo-Albanian professor, education expert and a critic of the education system in Kosovo. He has contributed to the development of important policy documents and has co-authored numerous studies and articles in the field of education and research in Kosovo.

## Career

Pupovci holds a Doctor of Philosophy degree in mathematics and was a lecturer at numerous universities, including the Universiteti i Prishtinës in Pristina. He was the executive director of the Kosovo Education Center from 2000 to 2021. He was Deputy Minister of Education in the Government of Kosovo from April 2021 to December 2022.
# Kamov Ka-10

The Kamov Ka-10 (NATO reporting name Hat or Hattie) was a Soviet single-seat observation helicopter that first flew in 1949.

## Design and development

The Ka-10 was a development of Nikolay Kamov's earlier Ka-8, which had been successful enough to allow Kamov to set up his own OKB (design bureau) in 1948. The Ka-10 was of similar layout to the Ka-8, with an open steel-tube structure carrying an engine, a pilot's seat and two three-bladed coaxial rotors. It was larger, however, with a revised transmission and rotor hub design, and a new engine specially designed for the helicopter, the 41 kilowatts (55 hp) Ivchenko AI-4 flat-four.

## Operational history

The Ka-10 made its maiden flight in September 1949. Three more prototypes followed, which were evaluated by Soviet Naval Aviation. A Ka-10 was displayed at the 1950 Tushino Air Display, and one made the first landing by a Soviet helicopter on the deck of a ship on 7 December 1950.
In 1954, 12 of an improved version, the Ka-10M were built for the Maritime Border Troops. They had a twin tail rather than the single vertical fin of the Ka-10 and modified rotors and control systems.

## Variants
### Ka-10

    Single-seat observation helicopter.

### Ka-10M

    Improved version fitted with twin tailfins and rudders.

## Operators
### Soviet Union

* Soviet Navy

## Specifications

Data from The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Length: 3.70 m (12 ft 1.75 in) (fuselage length)
* Height: 2.5 m (8 ft 2.5 in)
* Empty weight: 234 kg (516 lb)
* Gross weight: 375 kg (827 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Ivchenko AI-4V , 41 kW (55 hp)
* Main rotor diameter: 2 × 6.12 m (20 ft 1 in)
* Main rotor area: 58.8 m$^2$ (633 sq ft)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 90 km/h (56 mph, 49 kn)
* Range: 95 km (59 mi, 51 nmi)
* Service ceiling: 1,000 m (3,300 ft)
# Crush (Dave Matthews Band song)

"Crush" is a song by the Dave Matthews Band, released as the third single from their album Before These Crowded Streets. As a single, it reached number 11 on the Modern Rock Tracks chart, number 75 on the Billboard Hot 100, number 38 on the Top 40 Mainstream, and number 20 on the Adult Top 40. As the album version is over eight minutes in length, the song time was cut almost in half for radio airplay and the music video.
The song was almost omitted from Before These Crowded Streets as the band struggled with it in the studio until bassist Stefan Lessard came up with the opening bass line that set the tone of the song for the rest of the band.

## Music video

The music video, directed by Dean Karr, is shot in black and white. It takes place in a nightclub, with Dave Matthews sitting at the bar drinking, singing, and smoking, while the rest of the band plays in the background. In the end, Dave gets up to take a guitar from a waiter in the backstage room and gets up to join the rest of the band.

## Track listing

* "Crush" (edit) – 4:12
* "Crush" – 8:09

## Charts

| Chart (1998-1999) | Peak position |
| US Adult Pop Airplay (Billboard) | 20 |
| US Alternative Airplay (Billboard) | 11 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 75 |
| US Pop Airplay (Billboard) | 38 |

## Live releases

A live recording of "Crush" appears on the following Dave Matthews Band releases:
* The Warehouse 5
* The Central Park Concert
* The Gorge (Special Edition)
* The Complete Weekend on the Rocks
* Live Trax Vol. 6
* Live at Radio City
* Live Trax Vol. 9
* Live Trax Vol. 13
* Live Trax Vol. 15
* Live Trax Vol. 16
# Mark Russell (Australian footballer)

Mark Russell (born 18 January 1962) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Sydney in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Rhayader railway station

Rhayader railway station was a station serving the town of Rhayader, Powys, on the Mid Wales Railway line.
It was opened in 1864 in Cwmdauddwr, a village on the opposite bank of the River Wye. The line, which took over 5 years to build, was closed in 1962 and dismantled within months.
The station was the junction for the Elan Valley Railway which was in operation between 1896 and 1916.
The site of the station is now occupied by Powys county council's highways department.
# Max Slevogt

Max Slevogt (8 October 1868 – 20 September 1932) was a German Impressionist painter and illustrator, best known for his landscapes. He was, together with Lovis Corinth and Max Liebermann, one of the foremost representatives in Germany of the plein air style.

## Biography

He was born in Landshut, Kingdom of Bavaria, in 1868. From 1885 to 1889 he studied at the Munich Academy, and his early paintings are dark in tone, exemplifying the prevailing style in Munich. In 1889 Slevogt visited Paris, where he attended the Académie Julian. In 1896, he drew caricatures for the magazines Simplicissimus and Jugend, and the next year he had his first solo exhibition in Vienna.
Toward the end of the 1890s his palette brightened. He travelled again to Paris in 1900, where he was represented in the German pavilion of the world exhibition with the work Scheherezade, and was greatly impressed by the paintings of Édouard Manet. In 1901 he joined the Berlin Secession.
A trip to Egypt in 1914 resulted in 21 oil paintings in a fresh bright style, as well as numerous watercolors and drawings; on the return journey he stopped off in Italy. In June he acquired the country seat Neukastel. After the outbreak of World War I he was sent as official war painter to the western front. The war experience brought about a search for new style appropriate to the expression of the horrors of war. In the same year he became a member of the Prussian Academy of Arts in Berlin.
He designed scenery for the performance of Mozart's Don Giovanni in the Dresdner state opera in 1924. His work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1928 Summer Olympics. In 1929 he was given a large 60th birthday exhibition in the Prussian academy of the arts in Berlin. During the last year of his life he worked on the religious mural Golgatha in the peace church in Ludwigshafen on the Rhine. It was destroyed by bombing raids during World War II.
Max Slevogt died in Leinsweiler (at that time in the Rheinpfalz part of Bavaria) in 1932. He is buried in the burial place of the family Finkler east of his house, the so-called Slevogthof (with wall paintings) at Neukastel.

## Restitutions of artworks

In 2020 the Saarland Cultural Heritage Foundation announced the return of the following Max Slevogt works to the heirs of Julius Freund, whose family was racially persecuted as Jews after 30 January 1933 and forced to sell under the Nazis.
* Francisco d'Andrade (Head Study), 1902, oil on canvas.
* The Port of Brindisi, 1914, watercolor
* Li-Hung-Tschang, 1900, ink drawing
* Scheherezade tells her story to the Caliph, 1901, pen drawing
* Mungos, 1901, watercolor pen drawing
* Lamenting Women (Lamenting Women in front of a House), ca.1898–1903, pen and ink drawing

## Selected paintings

* Danaë (1895)
* Portrait of the Dancer Marietta di Rigardo (1904)
* Grape Harvest (ca. 1900–1909)
* Francisco d'Andrade as Don Giovanni (1912)
* Under the Linden Trees (1913)
* Sudanese Women in Egypt (1914), Albertinum
# Torkell Tande

Torkell Tande (11 September 1901 – 8 February 2001) was a Norwegian politician for the Liberal Party.
He was born in Nissedal.
He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Telemark in 1958, and was re-elected on two occasions. He had previously been a deputy representative during the terms 1945–1949, 1950–1953 and 1954–, but he replaced the deceased Neri Valen in January 1954 and sat through the term.
Tande was mayor of Sannidal municipality in 1937–1941 and 1945. His successor in the position, Eigil Olaf Liane or the Labour Party, later served as a member of Parliament as well.
# Gerard Ravello

Gerard Ravello (born 5 March 1959) is a French curler.

## Teams

| Season | Skip | Third | Second | Lead | Alternate | Coach | Events |
| 1978–79 | Claude Feige | Gilles Marin-Pache | Gerard Ravello | Christophe Boan | | | WJCC 1979 (9th) |
| 1979–80 | Yves Tronc | Christophe Boan | Gerard Ravello | André Jouvent | | | WJCC 1980 (8th) |
| 1980–81 | Gerard Ravello (fourth) | André Jouvent | Jacques Joulien | Gérard Alazet (skip) | | | WCC 1981 (10th) |
| 1987–88 | Christophe Boan | Gerard Ravello | Alain Brangi | Thierry Mercier | | | ECC 1987 (12th) |
| 1987–88 | Christophe Boan | Thierry Mercier | Gerard Ravello | Alain Brangi | | | WCC 1988 (7th) |
| 1991–92 | Thierry Mercier (fourth) | Christophe Boan (skip) | Spencer Mugnier | Gerard Ravello | | | WCC 1992 (10th) |
| 1994–95 | Thierry Mercier (fourth) | Christophe Boan (skip) | Patrick Philippe | Gerard Ravello | Lionel Tournier | Michel Jeannot | ECC 1994 (13th) |
| 1999–00 | Thierry Mercier | Cyrille Prunet | Eric Laffin | Gerard Ravello | Lionel Tournier | | ECC 1999 (7th) WCC 2000 (9th) |
# Ghani Yalouz

Ghani Yalouz (born 28 december 1967 in Casablanca, Morocco) is a French former wrestler who competed in the 1992 Summer Olympics, in the 1996 Summer Olympics, and in the 2000 Summer Olympics.
After his competitive career ended, Yalouz served as director of performance for the French Wrestling Federation and French Athletics Federation. In 2017, he was appointed director of the INSEP, of which he is an alumnus.
Yalouz grew up in Besançon, and the city's indoor sports hall was renamed in his honor in 2017.
# Gilles Capelle

Gilles Capelle (14 June 1949 – 15 February 2021) was a French field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
# Gilles Beyer

Gilles Beyer (25 January 1957 – 19 January 2023) was a French competitive figure skater and coach. He was the 1978 French national champion and competed at six ISU Championships. He was accused of sexually abusing students when they were minors.

## Career

Beyer competed at three European Championships and three World Championships. In the 1977–78 season, he won the French national title and finished within the top ten at the 1978 European Championships in Strasbourg.
After retiring from competition, Beyer focused on coaching. His students included:
* Laëtitia Hubert
* Laurent Tobel
* Sarah Abitbol
Beyer was the general manager of the figure skating division of Français Volants in Paris. In January 2020, Français Volants announced Beyer's immediate removal from any role at the club.
From 2014 to 2018, Beyer was a member of the executive bureau at the French Federation of Ice Sports (FFSG).

### Allegations of sexual abuse of minors

Figure skating coach Didier Lucine wrote a letter in February 2000 to the French Federation of Ice Sports (FFSG), expressing concerns about Beyer's behaviour around young students. In the early 2000s, Beyer was the subject of two investigations, one in Créteil and the second at the French ministry of sports. The latter resulted in Beyer's removal from his position as a technical adviser on 31 March 2001. Sarah Abitbol said that she spoke about Beyer with Jean-François Lamour when he was France's sports minister (2002–04); in a 2020 interview, Lamour said that he did not recall the conversation.
In January 2020, two former students accused Beyer of sexually abusing them when they were minors. Hélène Godard said that he had sex with her when she was 13 and 14 years old. Abitbol recounted her experiences in her book Un si long silence, stating that he had raped her multiple times beginning when she was 15. Beyer admitted "intimate relations" with Abitbol and stated: "Although my memories of the precise circumstances differ from hers, I understand that, given my functions and her age at the time, these relations were in any case inappropriate."
In January 2021, Beyer was charged with sexual assault by a person in authority and sexual harassment by a person in authority, relating to complaints filed by six former students. The cases of Godard, Abitbol, and a number of other past students could not be prosecuted due to statutes of limitations.

## Personal life

Beyer's wife, Katia Krier, is a French figure skating coach and the deputy national technical director.

## Competitive highlights

International :
| Event | 73–74 | 74–75 | 75–76 | 76–77 | 77–78 | 79–80 |
| World Champ. | 22nd | 19th | | | 15th | |
| European Champ. | | | 16th | | 10th | 13th |
| National ||||||||
| French Champ. | 3rd | 2nd | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 3rd |
# Gilles Rampillon

Gilles Rampillon (born 28 July 1953) is a French former professional footballer. He is a historic player of FC Nantes.
# Guy Epaud

Guy Epaud (born 21 September 1936) is a French racing cyclist. He rode in the 1963 Tour de France.
# Gérald Delacroix

Gérald Delacroix (born 3 February 1945) is a French sprint canoer.

## Career

Delacroix competed in the early to mid-1970s. Participating in two Summer Olympics, he earned his best finish coming in fifth in the C-2 500 m event at Montreal in 1976.
# Gérard Christaud-Pipola

Gérard Christaud-Pipola (born 18 April 1947) is a French bobsledder. He competed at the 1968, 1972, 1976 and the 1984 Winter Olympics.
# Rob Butler (rugby league)

Rob Butler (born 15 May 1998) is an English professional rugby league footballer who plays as a prop forward for Toulouse Olympique in the RFL Championship and the England Knights at international level.
He has previously played for the London Broncos in the Championship and Warrington Wolves the Super League, and has spent time on loan from the Broncos at the London Skolars and the Coventry Bears in League 1.

## Background

Butler was born in Rochester, Kent, England and was a player at Medway Dragons RLFC for nine years as a junior.

## Career
### London Broncos

In 2018 Butler made his professional debut for the London Broncos against the Toronto Wolfpack in Round 4 of the Championship.

### Warrington Wolves

On 24 November 2020 it was announced that Butler had signed for the Warrington Wolves on a two-year deal.

### Leigh Centurions (loan)

On 8 July 2021 it was reported that he had signed for the Leigh Centurions in the Super League on loan. Butler would later sign a contract to re-join the London Broncos.

### London Broncos

On 15 October 2023, Butler played in the London Broncos upset Million Pound Game victory over Toulouse Olympique.

### Toulouse Olympique

On 2 Oct 2024 it was reported that he had signed for Toulouse Olympique in the RFL Championship

## International career

He was called up to the England Knights training squad in July 2019.
In 2019 he made his international debut for the England Knights against Jamaica at Headingley Rugby Stadium.
# Gérard Lefranc

Gérard Lefranc (born 7 May 1935) is a French fencer. He competed in the team épée event at the 1960 Summer Olympics.
# Gérard Letast

Gérard Letast (born 28 January 1949) is a French former swimmer. He competed in two events at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
# Henri Bachet

Henri Bachet (born 22 November 1906, date of death unknown) was a French sailor. He competed in the 8 Metre event at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
# Henry Brault

Henri Yves Brault (29 March 1928 – 29 May 2020) was a French sprinter who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics.