OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sütterlin

Sütterlinschrift (German pronunciation:, "Sütterlin script") is the last widely used form of Kurrent, the historical form of German handwriting script that evolved alongside German blackletter (most notably Fraktur) typefaces. Graphic artist Ludwig Sütterlin was commissioned by the Prussian Ministry of Science, Art and Culture (Preußisches Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Kunst und Volksbildung) to create a modern handwriting script in 1911. His handwriting scheme gradually replaced the older cursive scripts that had developed in the 16th century at the same time that letters in books had developed into Fraktur. The name Sütterlin is nowadays often used to refer to several similar varieties of old German handwriting, but Sütterlin's own script was taught only from 1915 to 1941 in all German schools.

## History

The ministry had asked for "modern" handwriting scripts to be used in offices and to be taught in school. Sütterlin created two scripts in parallel with the two typefaces that were in use (see Antiqua–Fraktur dispute). The Sütterlin scripts were introduced in Prussia in 1915 and from the 1920s onwards they began to replace the relatively similar old German handwriting (Kurrent) in schools. In 1935 the Sütterlin style officially became the only German script taught in schools.
The Nazi Party banned all "broken" blackletter typefaces in 1941, which were seen as chaotic, including Sütterlin, and replaced them with Latin-type letters such as Antiqua. However many German speakers who had been brought up with that writing system continued to use it well into the postwar period.
Sütterlin continued to be taught in some German schools until the 1970s but no longer as the primary script.

## Characteristics

Sütterlin is based on older German handwriting, which is a handwriting form of the Blackletter scripts such as Fraktur and Schwabacher, the German print scripts used at the same time.
It includes the long s (ſ) as well as several standard ligatures such as ﬀ (f-f), ﬅ (ſ-t), ﬆ (s-t), and ß (ſ-z or ſ-s).
Because of their distinctiveness, Sütterlin letters can be used on the blackboard for certain mathematical symbols that are represented by Fraktur letters in print. The lower-case d in Kurrent and Sütterlin is used in proofreading for deleatur ("let it be deleted").
The Sütterlin lower-case 'e' contains two vertical bars close together, in which the origin of the umlaut diacritic (¨) from a small 'e' written above the modified vowel can be seen.

## Overview of the letters

(There are two lower-case forms of the letter "s". The second one is used at the end of a syllable.)

## Examples

* The text Bäckerei in Sütterlin script in Wismar, northern Germany
* In Petersberg Citadel, Erfurt: Arreststube Nr. 1 ("lock-up room No. 1"). Notice the long s's.
* Offizierswache ("officers' guardroom"). Notice the round s at the end of Offiziers, since it occurs at the end of a syllable.
* Grenadierwache, "grenadiers' guardroom"
* Computer font version (text from What is Enlightenment? by Immanuel Kant)
# Granot Central Cooperative

Granot Central Cooperative Ltd. is a purchasing organization of the kibbutz movement in Israel. It markets fruits and vegetables directly to food chains and wholesale markets.

## History

Granot was established in 1940 in order to utilize economics of scale both in marketing agricultural products and reducing purchasing prices of goods for the member farms. Uniting the farms into one big cooperative, made it possible to use expansive technologies for processing agricultural products. This helps to reduce costs and finance operating capital necessary to sustain the agricultural farms.
In 2023, Granot Central Cooperative invested in Neolithics, a company founded in 2021 which has developed a technology for advanced quality control of fresh produce that allows fruit and vegetables to be classified according to the level of harvesting and ripeness of the produce. As part of the collaboration with Neolithics, Granot will establish an avocado lab to treat fresh agricultural produce after harvest.

## Operations

The chairman is Amit Ben Itzhak, who has held the position since 2014. Granot oversees 20 factories and companies owned by 43 kibbutzim in Israel's coastal and central region. It operates in a wide range of economic sectors: finances, holdings, purchasing, agriculture (avocado, citrus fruits, cowsheds, poultry), industry (feed mills, food, slaughter houses, seed technologies development, refrigerated storage), infrastructures, energy, information technologies, real estate, labor recruitment, transportation, on-job professional training and more.

## Granot corporations

Ambar Feed Mill operates animal feed mills in Israel, one in Gan Shmuel (Ambar North) and another in Dvira (Ambar South). Total annual production is nearly one million tons of compound feed. Granot Avocado & Citrus Cooperative produces one third of the total Israeli avocado yield and citrus. It runs the largest avocado packing house in Israel.

## Holdings

* 100% of Mey-Ram Water Ltd., the leading private company in Israel, dealing with management of water and electricity resources in the Israeli rural sector.
* 66% of Rimon Ltd. deals with entrepreneurship and execution of projects in the field of recycled water.
* 7.5% of Tnuva Ltd., the leading food company in Israel. (Together with other Kibbutzim organizations holds 23.5% of the company)
# Peter Marshall (squash player)

Peter Marshall (born 12 May 1971 in Nottingham, United Kingdom) is a former professional squash player from England.
With his unique double-handed playing style, Marshall finished runner-up to the great Pakistani player Jansher Khan at the World Open in 1994 and the British Open in 1995. When he reached the World No. 2 ranking behind Jansher in November 1994, many observers felt he seemed a strong candidate to displace the aging Pakistani champion as World No. 1. However, in 1995, Marshall was afflicted with glandular fever, the effects of which meant he was unable to play top-level squash for two years.
Marshall returned to the professional tour in 1997, re-claiming his place in the England squad which went on to win the World Team Squash Championships title in Malaysia. He broke back into the world's top-10 in 1999, and won his third British National Championship title in February 2000. He was protecting a remarkable record, having been unbeaten in that event since December 1989.

## Early career

Marshall won British junior titles at all age-groups (under-12, under-14, under-16 and under-19). He first became England's No.1 in November 1991, holding the position unchallenged for four years.
His coach and mentor was the six-time British champion Jonah Barrington.
In 1989, Marshall won the British Open U19. The following year, he became World Masters U23 Champion.
His first full year of international competition was 1991, but it was in the 1994-95 season that Marshall's promise was most powerfully demonstrated. He was a finalist in five PSA Super Series events leading up to and including the 1995 British Open.
Marshall was British and European No 1 for several years.

## After retiring from the professional tour

Marshall released an autobiography about his battle against chronic fatigue syndrome in 2001 entitled Shattered: A Champion's Fight Against a Mystery Illness.
Marshall has a BSc in Physiotherapy from the University of Nottingham and an Executive MBA from Imperial College London. He currently works for Ernst & Young.
In 2008, Marshall won the Over-35 British National Championship in Manchester. He also won the British Open Masters Over-40 in 2016 and 2018.
Marshall is an Ambassador for Access Sport, a charity focused on providing children from disadvantaged areas with access to local sports and promoting the real difference sport can make within deprived communities.
He is also a trustee for the England Squash Foundation.
# Claudio Nasco

Claudio Nasco (17 June 1976 – 13 December 2013) was a Cuban journalist and newscaster.
Born in Matanzas, Nasco began his career in the early 2000s when he became a newscaster for Cadena de Noticias (CDN), Dominican Republic.
Claudio Nasco was stabbed to death on 13 December 2013, aged 37, at a motel in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
# Jerry Friesen

Jerry Friesen is a former award-winning linebacker in the Canadian Football League and is the special teams coordinator for the Saskatchewan Huskies.

## University career

A graduate of University of Saskatchewan, Friesen was 3-time all-star with the Huskies. In 1994, he was inducted into the Huskie Wall of Fame.

## Professional career

Friesen was drafted in the second round, 14th overall, by the Montreal Alouettes in the 1978 CFL Draft and played in 48 regular season games with them. He then joined his hometown Saskatchewan Roughriders for five years, winning the prestigious Tom Pate Memorial Award for outstanding community service in 1985.

## Coaching career

Friesen took up coaching after his playing days. He started with alma mater as an assistant coach for the Saskatchewan Huskies for 10 seasons, winning the Vanier Cup in 1990. After a year as linebacker coach with the Saskatchewan Roughriders, he was the defensive coordinator with the Calgary Dinos. He next spent 10 years as head coach of the Alberta Golden Bears, being named CIS coach of the year in 2004, before he resigned to return to the Roughriders. He spent the 2011 season with the Roughriders, but was not retained following a disappointing season.
On March 11, 2013, Friesen was announced as the defensive coordinator for the UBC Thunderbirds. He spent two years with the Thunderbirds but was not retained following a head coaching change in 2015.
On May 2, 2017, it was announced that Friesen had re-joined his alma mater and was named the special teams coordinator for the Saskatchewan Huskies.

## Awards

In 2008, Friesen was enshrined in the Saskatoon Sports Hall of Fame.
# Central Bus Station Sofia

Central Bus Station Sofia (Bulgarian: Централна автогара София, romanized: Tsentralna avtogara Sofiya; abbreviated as CBS) is the main bus station of Sofia, Bulgaria. Its building was opened in 2004 and covers an area of 7,173 square metres (77,210 sq ft), of which the waiting area is 1,500 square metres (16,000 sq ft). The bus station has 57 ticket windows, which accept cash, debit and credit. At any time, between 47 and 50 buses may enter or leave the station from 50 domestic and international bus stops. Ten additional bus stops are made available on days with heavy traffic. 2,250 passengers may pass through the waiting area in one hour. There are 130 surveillance cameras.
# Rangthylliang 1 root bridge

Rangthylliang 1 root bridge is a living root bridge in Cherrapunji region, Meghalaya, northeast India. It is considered to be the longest living root bridge, at over 50 metres (160 ft) in length. The bridge, named after the village of Rangthylliang, where various other root bridges can also be found, is situated 30 metres (98 ft) above the ground. The trek for visiting the living root bridges starts in Rangthylliang and ends in Mawkyrnot village.
# Yakurr

Yakurr is a Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. Its capital is the town of Ugep. The local government area (LGA) was carved out of Obubra local government in 1987.
Yakurr has an area of 670 km$^2$ and a population of 196,450 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 543.
Major settlements in the local government area include: Ugep, Mkpani, Idomi, Ekori, Inyima, Nko, Assiga, Agoi Ibami, Agoi Ekpo, and Agoi Efreke.

## Notable people

* Okoi Arikpo, first Nigerian minister for foreign affairs
* Usani Uguru Usani, former Minister of Niger Delta
# Bill Ramseyer

Bill Ramseyer (November 29, 1936 – February 18, 2021) was an American football coach, player of football and baseball, and college athletics administrator.

## College career

Before his coaching career, Ramseyer competed on both the football and track and field teams at Bluffton University.
He served as the head football coach at Wilmington College in Wilmington, Ohio from 1972 to 1990 and at the University of Virginia's College at Wise from 1991 to 2001 compiling a career college football record of 176–104–4. Ramseyer led Wilmington to three NAIA playoff appearances in 1980, 1982, and 1983, reaching the Division II National Championship game in 1980. Ramseyer was inducted into both schools' hall of fame.

## Europe

In 2009-10, Ramseyer was head coach of the Winterthur Warriors in Switzerland Nationalliga A (American football). The Warriors reached the Swiss league playoffs semi-final in 2009, losing to the Calanda Broncos. Randy Hippeard, Ramseyer's former star quarterback at Virginia-Wise was signed and was the Warriors starting QB in 2009-2010.

## College Head coaching record
### College football

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Bowl/playoffs |
| Wilmington Quakers (Hoosier–Buckeye Conference) (1972–1985) ||||||
| 1972 | Wilmington | 5–4 | 4–3 | T–3rd | |
| 1973 | Wilmington | 5–3 | 4–3 | T–4th | |
| 1974 | Wilmington | 5–3 | 4–3 | 4th | |
| 1975 | Wilmington | 6–2–1 | 5–2–1 | 2nd | |
| 1976 | Wilmington | 5–3–1 | 5–2–1 | 4th | |
| 1977 | Wilmington | 6–3 | 6–2 | T–3rd | |
| 1978 | Wilmington | 5–4 | 4–4 | T–4th | |
| 1979 | Wilmington | 5–4 | 5–3 | 4th | |
| 1980 | Wilmington | 10–2 | 7–1 | T–1st | L NAIA Division II Championship |
| 1981 | Wilmington | 6–3 | 5–3 | T–3rd | |
| 1982 | Wilmington | 8–2 | 7–1 | T–1st | L NAIA Division II Quarterfinal |
| 1983 | Wilmington | 8–2 | 6–1 | T–1st | L NAIA Division II Quarterfinal |
| 1984 | Wilmington | 6–2–1 | 4–1–1 | T–2nd | |
| 1985 | Wilmington | 7–2 | 4–2 | 3rd | |
| Wilmington Quakers (NAIA Division II independent) (1986–1989) ||||||
| 1986 | Wilmington | 6–3 | | | |
| 1987 | Wilmington | 5–4 | | | |
| 1988 | Wilmington | 7–2–1 | | | |
| 1989 | Wilmington | 5–5 | | | |
| Wilmington Quakers (NCAA Division III independent) (1990) ||||||
| 1990 | Wilmington | 4–5 | | | |
| Wilmington: | Wilmington: | 114–58–4 | 70–31–4 | | |
| Clinch Valley / Virginia–Wise Highland Cavaliers (NAIA Division II independent) (1991–2001) ||||||
| 1991 | Clinch Valley | 2–6 | | | |
| 1992 | Clinch Valley | 3–7 | | | |
| 1993 | Clinch Valley | 6–4 | | | |
| 1994 | Clinch Valley | 6–4 | | | |
| 1995 | Clinch Valley | 10–2 | | | L NAIA Division II First Round |
| 1996 | Clinch Valley | 10–1 | | | L NAIA Division II First Round |
| 1997 | Clinch Valley | 6–3 | | | |
| 1998 | Clinch Valley | 4–5 | | | |
| 1999 | Virginia–Wise | 6–3 | | | |
| 2000 | Virginia–Wise | 3–7 | | | |
| 2001 | Virginia–Wise | 6–4 | | | |
| Clinch Valley / Virginia–Wise: | Clinch Valley / Virginia–Wise: | 62–46 | | | |
| Total: | Total: | 176–104–4 | | | |
| National championship  Conference title  Conference division title or championship game berth ||||||
# Patrick O'Sullivan (author)

Patrick O'Sullivan is an Irish-British scholar and author of works in the field of Military geography. His works include, The Geography of Warfare and The Geography of War in the Post-Cold War World.
In his book Geopolitics (1986), O'Sullivan makes a geographically-based case against the proliferation of nuclear weapons during the Cold War, arguing that nuclear weapons pose a threat primarily because they reduce the significance of both physical distance and national borders, which would otherwise function as deterrents to the likelihood of direct military engagement.
O'Sullivan has also written on the social scientific study of railway transportation in Britain as well as an autoethnographic Cultural Geography essay discussing the relevance of expatriate identity.
In 1994 he began teaching at Florida State University. He currently holds the status of professor emeritus. His academic writing focuses on regional geography and contains aspects of behavioral geography.
# Sandra Bowden

Sandra Bowden (born 1943) is an artist and painter from New York City and was president from 1993 to 2007, of "Christians in the Visual Arts".

## Life

A native of Massachusetts, Bowden holds a degree from the State University of New York.

## Work

In her Gilded collection, Bowen reinterprets Marian art of the Renaissance.
Her work is in the permanent collection of the Vatican Museum of Contemporary Religious Art in Rome and in the Haifa Museum of Art in Israel. Corporate collections include Holiday Inns of America and the General Electric Corporation.

## Books

* The Art of Sandra Bowden by James Romaine (Square Halo Books, 2005) ISBN 978-0-9658798-9-7
* Editor of Faith and Vision: Twenty-Five Years of Christians in the Visual Arts (Square Halo Books, 2005) ISBN 978-0-9658798-8-0
* Contributor to It Was Good: Making Art to the Glory of God edited by Ned Bustard (Square Halo Books, 2007) ISBN 978-0-9785097-1-2
# Sam Howe

Samuel P. Howe III (1938 – September 15, 2022) was an American hardball squash player. He was one of the leading squash players in the United States in the 1960s.
Howe won the US national singles title twice in 1962 and 1967. He also won six national doubles titles – three partnering Bill Danforth (1963, 1964 and 1967), and three partnering his younger brother Ralph Howe (1969, 1970 and 1971).
Howe was inducted into the United States Squash Racquets Association Hall of Fame in 2002. He was also inducted in the Men’s College Squash Hall of Fame in 1994.
# You Oughta Be In Love

"You Oughta Be In Love" is a single by New Zealand singer/songwriter Dave Dobbyn, released in 1986 on the soundtrack of the animated motion picture, Footrot Flats: The Dog's Tail Tale. The single charted at No. 2 in New Zealand.

## Background

Dobbyn was asked to write a tune for the relationship between Footrot Flats farmer Wal Footrot and the object of his affection, hairdresser Cheeky Hobson. Assuming that the relationship was nothing serious, Dobbyn wrote a jaunty tune, but was told by Footrot Flats creator Murray Ball that "it's true love". With that in mind, he rewrote the song to be a ballad of true love.

## Covers and alternative versions

An edited version of "You Oughta Be In Love" is featured in the Footrot Flats movie that goes through the first and second verses and skips the first chorus. The film version has extra overdubbed spoken lyrics and visual gags poking fun at the lyrics and song.
The song was covered by Annie Crummer in her 1992 album Language, and New Zealand Idol winner Ben Lummis on the series album Homegrown.

## Awards

"You Oughta Be In Love" was awarded 'Best Single of the Year' at the 1987 New Zealand Music Awards. Dobbyn also won Best Male Vocalist, and was nominated for 'Songwriter of the Year' for the song (having won the category the year before with "Slice of Heaven" when it was called 'Song of the Year').
At the 1987 APRA Silver Scroll Awards, Dobbyn won the titular award (the APRA equivalent for songwriting).

## Legacy

"You Oughta Be In Love" was voted 70th-best New Zealand song by APRA in 2001 and featured on Nature's Best 3, a compilation of songs 66–100 on the list.

## Year-end charts

| Chart (1987) | Position |
| New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ) | 46 |
# Adam Clawson

Adam Clawson (28 December 1972 – 10 July 2017) was an American slalom canoeist who competed at the international level from 1988 to 1996.
He won two medals at the 1991 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships in Tacen with a gold in the C1 team event and a silver in the C1 event.
Clawson also competed in two Summer Olympics, earning his best finish of 19th in the C1 event in Atlanta in 1996.
Clawson was born in Salt Lake City. He died in Whittier, North Carolina.

## World Cup individual podiums

| Season | Date | Venue | Position | Event |
| 1996 | 29 Sep 1996 | Três Coroas | 1st | C1 |
# Battle of Ivangorod

The Battle of Ivangorod (Russian: Ивангородское сражение; Swedish: Slaget vid Ivangorod) was one of the first battles of the Russo-Swedish War, where the Russians were able to defeat the main Swedish detachment and besiege Narva.
The size of the Swedish army ranges from 4,000 to 5,500 or 20,000, number of Russians no more 4,500
# Kirsten Hansteen

Kirsten Hansteen (5 January 1903 – 17 November 1974) was a Norwegian editor and librarian. She was appointed Minister of Social Affairs with Gerhardsen's First Cabinet in 1945 and was the first female member of cabinet in Norway.

## Biography

She was born in Lyngen Municipality in Troms county, Norway. Her parents were Ole Christian Strøm Moe (1866–1907) and Gerda Sophie Landmark (1871–1934). Her father died when she was only four years old, and her mother moved her five children to Kristiania (now Oslo). She graduated artium in 1921 and later studied German and Norwegian at the University of Oslo.
In 1930, she married attorney Viggo Hansteen (1900-1941). Her husband was executed in 1941 during the Occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany. She edited the underground resistance and feminist paper Kvinnefronten (The Women's front) during the German occupation.
After the liberation of Norway at the end of World War II, she co-founded the journal Kvinnen og Tiden with Henriette Bie Lorentzen (1911–2001). Lorentzen and Hansteen served as joint editors-in-chief of the journal which was in publication from December 1945 until 1955. Kirsten Hansteen was also a Member of the Norwegian Parliamentary from Akershus as a representative of the Communist Party of Norway from 1945 to 1949. Between 25 July and 5 November 1945, she served as Consultative Councillor of State in the Ministry of Social Affairs under Prime Minister Einar Gerhardsen. From 1959, Kirsten Hansteen worked at the University of Oslo Library as a librarian until she retired in 1970. She died during 1974 in Oslo.
# Jacob Esterline

Jacob Donald Esterline (April 26, 1920 in Lewistown, Pennsylvania – October 16, 1999) was the CIA project director for the Bay of Pigs Invasion.

## Early life

Jacob was the son of John Newton Esterline (May 13, 1893 - ?) and Elisabeth Showers (17 May 1894 - Feb 1970). He enrolled at Temple University as an accounting major in 1938. He enlisted in the U.S. Army Air Corps on July 25, 1941 in Pennsylvania. He was accepted in US Army Officer Candidate School in 1941 at Fort Benning, Georgia. He was recruited to join Office of Strategic Services (OSS) during World War II. Beginning in 1943, he served in India and Burma. He was commander of a guerilla battalion in China fighting the Imperial Japanese Army by the end of World War II.

## Post-World War II

He completed his accounting degree after World War II, and joined a Pennsylvania law firm. When the Korean War began, he joined the Central Intelligence Agency. He became a guerilla warfare instructor at the CIA training facility known as "The Farm" (Camp Peary) at Williamsburg, Virginia. He was deputy chief of the CIA task force for operation PBSuccess which overthrew Jacobo Arbenz in 1954, the President of Guatemala. He was CIA station chief in Guatemala, Venezuela and Panama. Jacob Esterline's first child was a boy, who has his father's namesake.

## Bay of Pigs Invasion

During the preparation and operation of the Bay of Pigs Invasion of Cuba in April 1961, Jacob Esterline was CIA Chief of Western Hemisphere Branch 4 (WH/4), reporting to the CIA Deputy Director for Plans Richard M. Bissell Jr. and his deputy Tracy Barnes, rather than to the Chief of Western Hemisphere, J.C. King.
On the day before the first action, Esterline and Marine Col. Jack Hawkins (also CIA, WH/4/PM) both strongly thought that the impending invasion should be called off because last-minute changes in the plan would guarantee disaster, and wanted to resign. Bissell convinced them to stay on board.

## Post-Bay of Pigs invasion

Jacob Esterline was chief of the CIA's Miami, Florida office from 1968 to 1972, and deputy chief of the CIA Western Hemisphere division. He retired from the CIA in 1978, and died at Hendersonville, North Carolina in 1999.