OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2002 Oregon Ballot Measure 25

Ballot Measure 25 of 2002 increased Oregon's minimum wage from $6.50 to $6.90 per hour and required an annual increase to compensate for inflation in future years. Inflation is measured by the consumer price index. As of 2015, the minimum wage in Oregon is $9.25 an hour. The measure was approved in the November 5, 2002 general election with 645,016 votes in favor, 611,658 votes against.Itemized Measure Listings, Measure 25 page 17 The measure was placed on the ballot as a result of initiative petition.

## Arguments for and against

Proponents included labor unions, the Oregon Catholic Conference, and other advocates for the poor. They pointed out the difficulty of raising a family on the current minimum wage, and argued that tying the minimum wage to inflation was more fair. Rather than teenage workers, supporters argued that many minimum wage earners were adults supporting children.
Opponents feared that a minimum wage increase would prolong the recession Oregon was experiencing at the time, pointed out that Oregon already had a relatively high minimum wage (compared with other U.S. states), and argued that indexing the wage to the consumer price index would unfairly punish rural communities, since the CPI is based on prices in cities.

## Detailed history

The measure was sponsored by future Oregon Commissioner of Labor and Industries Dan Gardner and state Representative Diane Rosenbaum.
In 2003, the Republican-controlled Oregon House of Representatives approved a bill (House Bill 2624) that would repeal the part of Measure 25 that ties the minimum wage to inflation. As of April 2003, however, observers did not expect the bill to pass the Oregon State Senate (which was then evenly split between Republicans and Democrats) or be signed by Democratic Governor Ted Kulongoski. The bill was not taken up in the Senate's 2003 session, and the Senate is now majority Democrat, suggesting it is unlikely to be taken up in the foreseeable future.

## Results

Measure 25 (2002) :
| Choice | Votes | % |
| Yes | 645,016 | 51.33 |
| No | 611,658 | 48.67 |
| Total votes | 1,256,674 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 1,872,615 | 69.1 |
| Source: Oregon State Elections Division |||
# André Bourgeois

André Bourgeois (French pronunciation:; 4 March 1928 – 18 October 2015) was a Belgian politician who was the Minister of Agriculture between 1992 and 1995. He had previously served as the mayor of Izegem from 1965 to 1970.

## Honours

* 12 February 1996: Grand officer of the Order of Orange-Nassau.
* 14 November 1991: Commander of the Order of Leopold.
* 8 July 1969: Knight of the Order of the Crown.
* 9 June 1999 : Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Leopold II.
# Viktoriya Potapova

Viktoriya Potapova (born 8 January 1974) is a Russian Paralympic judoka. She represented Russia at the Summer Paralympics in 2004, 2008 and 2012. She won a bronze medal on each occasion: in the women's 48 kg event in 2004, in the women's 48 kg event in 2008 and in the women's 48 kg event in 2012. She also represented the Russian Paralympic Committee athletes at the 2020 Summer Paralympics held in Tokyo, Japan and she won one of the bronze medals in the women's 48 kg event.
At the 2015 IBSA European Judo Championships held in Odivelas, Portugal, she won the gold medal in the women's 48 kg event.
# Sarah Isabella McElligott

Sarah Isabella McElligott (28 November 1883 – 8 February 1986) was a New Zealand cook and fruit-stall holder. She was born in Kawarau Gorge, Central Otago, New Zealand on 28 November 1883.
# Omar Ishrak

Omar S. Ishrak (born 1955) is a Bangladeshi-American business executive, serving as the chairman of the board for Intel, since January 2020. He was previously the CEO and chairman of the board of Medtronic from June 2011 to April 2020, and remained as executive chairman and chairman of its board of directors until December 2020.

## Biography

Ishrak was born and raised in Dhaka, Bangladesh. He did his schooling at St. Joseph Higher Secondary School in Dhaka. He studied at King's College London and was awarded a Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering and a Doctor of Philosophy in electrical engineering from the University of London.
Before joining Medtronic, he served as the president and CEO of GE Healthcare Systems.
Omar has been a member of the Intel board of directors since March 2017. He was announced the independent chairman of its board in January 2020.
In 2020, Ishrak was elected as a member of the National Academy of Engineering for "contributions to diagnostic ultrasound and for leadership in medical technology innovation and globalization." In 2021 he joined Amgen's board of directors.

## Personal life

He is married, and lives in Minneapolis.
# Bendson Louima

Dr. Bendson Louima (born 1979) is a Haitian physician. He is the only medical doctor in the rural community of Caracol in Haiti. He is the founder of Médecins Sans Frontières Suisse Cap-Haïtien (i.e. Doctors Without Borders Switzerland Cap-Haitïen), an entity for the treatment of cholera in Haiti. He sits on the Board of Advisors of Emedex International, an organization whose mission is to build sustainable change in emergency healthcare globally.

## Background and training

Dr. Louima was born in Port-de-Paix, Haiti on February 5, 1979. He attended medical school at Université Notre Dame d'Haïti from 2002 to 2008 and was an intern at Hôpital Universitaire Justinien, Cap-Haïtien from 2008 to 2009. Dr. Louima then completed one year of social service in Caracol in the northeastern region of Haiti. He is also involved with pediatric diseases at the Hôpital Saint-François de Sales, Port-au-Prince, training in obstetrics and gynecology at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann in Brussels, Belgium, and with HIV-AIDS at the University of Miami and at the Hôpital Universitaire Justinien.

## Medical work and teaching

He is the medical director of the Centre de Santé Sainte-Elizabeth in Caracol and also founded Médecins Sans Frontières - Suisse-Cap-Haitïen for the treatment of cholera in Haiti. In addition, Dr. Louima teaches First Aid, anatomy and small surgery classes at a school for nurses’ aids. In 2012, Dr. Louima visited the University of Georgia School of Social Work to talk to the students of two doctors who had met him as volunteers of a clinic in Terrier-Rouge, Haiti.
# List of Ghana national football team managers

The Ghana national football team manager was officially established in 1958 by Ohene Djan, whom the Ohene Djan Sports stadium was named after. This happened after he was elected General Secretary of the Football Association by the clubs and the Ghana Amateur Football Association was officially founded.
Ohene Djan succeeded in securing the services of English Coach, George Ainsley who officially became Ghana's first national team coach. Since 1957 until date Ghana has had 33 different head coaches and three caretakers. C. K. Gyamfi is the most successful of these, leading the Black Stars to three Africa Cup of Nations titles – in 1963, 1965 and 1982 – making Gyamfi the joint most successful coach in the competition's history.
Fred Osam Duodu led the Black Stars to their 1978 Africa Cup of Nations title; Ratomir Dujković, Milovan Rajevac, and James Kwesi Appiah, have all led the Black Stars to World Cup qualification.

## List of managers

This is a complete list of Ghana national football team managers, who have coached the Ghana national football team. They are listed in chronological order, along with their nationality and tenure.
As of 13 February 2023
| Name | Nationality | Ghana career |
| George Ainsley | England | 1958–1959 |
| Andreas Sjöberg | Sweden | 1959–1962 |
| Josef Ember | Hungary | 1963 |
| Charles Kumi (C.K.) Gyamfi | Ghana | 1963–1965 |
| Carlos Alberto Parreira | Brazil | 1967 |
| Karl Heinz Marotzke | West Germany | 1968–1970 |
| Karl-Heinz Weigang | West Germany | 1974–1975 |
| Oswaldo Carlos Sampaio | Brazil | 1977–1978 |
| Fred Osam-Duodu | Ghana | 1978–1981 |
| C.K. Gyamfi | Ghana | 1982–83 |
| Emmanuel Kwasi Afranie | Ghana | 1984 |
| Herbert Addo | Ghana | 1984 |
| Rudi Gutendorf | West Germany | 1986–1987 |
| Fred Osam-Duodu | Ghana | 1988–1989 |
| Bukhard Ziese | Germany | 1990–1992 |
| Otto Pfister | Germany | 1993 |
| Fred Osam-Duodu | Ghana | 1993 |
| Jørgen E. Larsen | Denmark | 1993–1994 |
| Edward Aggrey-Fynn | Ghana | 1994 |
| Petre Gavrilă | Romania | 1995 |
| Ishmael Kurtz | Brazil | 1996 |
| Sam Arday | Ghana | 1996–1997 |
| Rinus Israel | Netherlands | 1997–1998 |
| Giuseppe Dossenna | Italy | 1999–2000 |
| Fred Osam-Duodu | Ghana | 2000 |
| Jones Attuquayefio | Ghana | 2001 |
| Fred Osam-Duodu | Ghana | 2001 |
| Milan Zivodinovic | Serbia and Montenegro | 2002 |
| Emmanuel Kwasi Afranie | Ghana | 2002 |
| Bukhard Ziese | Germany | 2003 |
| Ralf Zumdick (caretaker) | Germany | 2003–2004 |
| Mariano Barreto | Portugal | 2004 |
| Ratomir Dujkovic | Serbia and Montenegro | 2004–2006 |
| Claude Le Roy | France | 2006–2008 |
| Sellas Tetteh (caretaker) | Ghana | 2008 |
| Milovan Rajevac | Serbia | 2008–2010 |
| Goran Stevanovic | Serbia | 2011–2012 |
| James Kwesi Appiah | Ghana | 2012–2014 |
| Maxwell Konadu (caretaker) | Ghana | 2014 |
| Avram Grant | Israel | 2014–2017 |
| Maxwell Konadu (caretaker) | Ghana | 2017 |
| James Kwesi Appiah | Ghana | 2017–2020 |
| Charles K. Akonnor | Ghana | 2020–2021 |
| Milovan Rajevac | Serbia | 2021–2022 |
| Otto Addo | Ghana | 2022 |
| Chris Hughton | Republic of Ireland | 2023–2024 |
| Otto Addo | Ghana | 2024-present |
# John of Abkhazia

John Shavliani (Georgian: ივანე (იოვანე) შავლიანი), was the noble and founder of House of Shavliani, presumably of Svan origin and King of Abkhazia between 871 and 873.

## Life

King George I of Abkhazia died without a male heir, however there were still other members of the royal family that the two sons of his brother, Demetrius II: The oldest, Tinen of Tchikha and the youngest, Bagrat (then Bagrat I of Abkhazia) that was exiled to Constantinople. The representatives of the Shavliani aristocratic family, who had a deal with the Queen, the widow of George I, put to death Tinen, while Bagrat was "thrown into the sea", the latter was survived and fled to Constantinople. As a result, John usurped the power in the kingdom but died after less than two years of reign and his son Adarnase succeeded him.
# Tiexi, Shenyang

Tiexi District (simplified Chinese: 铁西区; traditional Chinese: 鐵西區; pinyin: Tiěxī Qū) is one of ten districts of the prefecture-level city of Shenyang, the capital of Liaoning Province, Northeast China, and forms part of the urban core. It borders Yuhong District to the north, Huanggu District to the northeast, Heping District to the east, Sujiatun District to the southeast, Liaozhong County to the southwest, and Xinmin City to the northwest; it also borders the prefecture-level city of Liaoyang to the south.

## Administrative divisions

There are 20 subdistricts within the district.
Subdistricts:
* Lingkong Subdistrict (凌空街道), Qinggong Subdistrict (轻工街道), Weigong Subdistrict (卫工街道), Qi Lu Subdistrict (七路街道), Shi'er Road Subdistrict (十二路街道), Luguan Subdistrict (路官街道), Qixian Subdistrict (齐贤街道), Xinggong Subdistrict (兴工街道), Qigong Subdistrict (启工街道), Jihong Subdistrict (霁虹街道), Chonggong Subdistrict (重工街道), Xinghua Subdistrict (兴华街道), Gongrencun Subdistrict (工人村街道), Guihe Subdistrict (贵和街道), Xingshun Subdistrict (兴顺街道), Yanfen Subdistrict (艳粉街道), Dugong Subdistrict (笃工街道), Xingqi Subdistrict (兴齐街道), Baogong Subdistrict (保工街道), Yunfeng Subdistrict (云峰街道)
# John de Winchester

John de Winchester (died 1460) was a 15th-century English cleric who distinguished himself as an administrator and bishop in Scotland. Winchester was a student of canon law from 1418, graduating with a bachelorate in 1421.
He appears to have entered Scotland in 1424 after King James I of Scotland returned from his eighteen-year period as a hostage in England; it is notable and certainly relevant that James' queen, Joan Beaufort, was the niece of Henry Beaufort, Bishop of Winchester.
After entering Scotland, James was chaplain and secretary to the king, who bestowed on Winchester Alyth in Angus and helped him become Chancellor of Dunkeld. Winchester was out of Scotland in 1432, attending the Council of Basel on behalf of King James; he was also Clerk of the Register in this year.
He was Dean of Aberdeen in 1431, and was provided as Treasurer of the diocese of Glasgow sometime in 1431, but was not able to take up this position. However, he did become Provost of the Collegiate Church of Lincluden between 1434 and 1436.
Winchester's services to the king were rewarded further in November 1435 when, after the death of Columba de Dunbar, he was elected as Bishop of Moray. He was not, however, consecrated until 9 May 1437, a few months after the death of King James; his consecration took place at Cambuskenneth Abbey.
After becoming bishop, Winchester continued in the service of Queen Joan through the minority of James II of Scotland. James II later rewarded Winchester by creating Spynie as a burgh of Barony on 24 July 1451; after James II murdered the ex-regent William Douglas, 8th Earl of Douglas in 1452, Spynie's status was raised to that of burgh of regality.
Bishop Winchester died April, 1460, probably at Spynie Castle and was buried in St Mary's Aisle within Elgin Cathedral.
# Pansy, Manitoba

Pansy is an unincorporated community in Manitoba, Canada, within the Rural Municipality of Hanover. The community is centred on Provincial Road 403, approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi) south of Steinbach and 17 kilometres (11 mi) east of Saint Malo.
A post office was opened in 1928 and a Ukrainian Catholic church and cemetery were established in 1952.
Pansy is known for its Fall Supper on the second Sunday of September. In 2016, 1,600 people were served, coming from across Manitoba and beyond.
# Olga Perovskaya

Olga Vasilievna Perovskaya (Russian: Ольга Васильевна Перовская; 9 April 1902 – 1961) was a Soviet children's literature writer. Her most notable work Rebyata i Zveryata (Kids and Cubs) was published in 1925. It is a series of stories of about the various pets she and her sisters (Sonya, Yulia and Natasha) kept during their childhood. She was arrested on 15 March 1943 and sentenced to 10 years imprisonment in labour camps during the Great Purge. Her sentence was later modified to one of exile. During 1940–50, her books were not published. She was rehabilitated toward the end of the fifties. Rebyata i Zveryata has been translated into a number of languages including English, Malayalam and Tamil. In English, it has been published under two different titles Kids and Cubs and The Wolf in Olga's Kitchen.

## Publications

* Rebi︠a︡ta i zveri︠a︡ta : rasskazy, 1929
* Menschen- und Tierkinder, 1933
* Marmotka, 1939
* Tygřík Vaska, 1958
* Tigrënok vasʹka, 1959
* Kids and cubs, 1966
* The wolf in Olga's kitchen, 1969
* Storie di animali, Ed. Progress Mosca 1972
* Mały tiger Waska powědančce, 1984
* Rebi︠a︡ta i zveri︠a︡ta : povesti o zhivotnykh, 1993
# Edwin Redslob

Edwin Redslob (22 September 1884, Weimar – 24 January 1973, West Berlin) was a German art historian and art collector who served as Reichskunstwart under the Weimar Republic.$^{:86}$ Appointed in 1920, he held the position until it was abolished after the Nazis came to power in 1933.
In 1912, he was appointed to run the Angermuseum in Erfurt where he remained until 1919.
He was an art collector.
In 1945, he co-founded the Berlin daily newspaper Der Tagesspiegel, and then in 1948, he was one of the co-initiators in the founding of the Freie Universität Berlin. He was a professor at the university teaching Art History from 1948 to 1954. He was also rector from 1949 to 1950.
# 1988 in Irish television

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
The following is a list of events relating to television in Ireland from 1988.

## Events

* 30 April – Ireland hosts the Eurovision Song Contest from the RDS Simmonscourt Pavilion, Dublin, after winning it the previous year. Pat Kenny and Michelle Rocca host the 33rd annual contest, which is won by Switzerland with the song Ne Partez Pas Sans Moi (Don't Leave Without Me), sung by a 20-year-old Celine Dion.
* 3 July – The Broadcasting and Wireless Telegraphy Act, legislation concerning licensing for broadcasting, comes into law.
* September – RTÉ 2 is rebranded as Network 2 as part of a major overhaul of the channel.
* 3 October – Australian soap Home and Away receives its Irish television debut on Network 2. On the same day new look RTÉ Weather is born.

## Debuts
### RTÉ 1

* 4 March – / A Little Princess (1986)
* 7 April – Fireman Sam (1987–present)
* 15 April – The Gemini Factor (1987)
* 10 June – The Secret World of Polly Flint (1987)
* 11 June – / Ovide Video (1987–1988)
* 5 July – Chocky's Challenge (1986)
* 13 July – Kaboodle (1987–1990)
* 6 August – The Raccoons (1985–1991)
* 15 October – Kenny Live (1988–1999)
* Undated – DuckTales (1987–1990)
* Bibi (1988-1994)

### Network 2

* 1 May – Jim Henson Presents the World of Puppetry (1985)
* September – Jo Maxi (1988–1993)
* 3 October – Home and Away (1988–present)
* 6 October – / The Care Bears Family (1986–1988)
* 6 October – /// Once Upon a Time... Life (1987)
* 6 October – The Floradora Folk (1988–1989)
* 11 October – Nighthawks (1988–1992)
* 28 October – T-Bag (1985–1992)
* 1 December – / The Mysterious Cities of Gold (1982–1983)
* Undated – The Tracey Ullman Show (1987–1990)
* Undated – The Storyteller (1987–1988)
* Undated - Full House (1987-1995)

## Endings
### RTÉ 1

* 29 April - Evening Extra (1986-1988)

## Changes of network affiliation

| Shows | Moved from | Moved to |
| SuperTed | RTÉ One | Network 2 |
| / The Campbells | RTÉ One | Network 2 |
| Alvin and the Chipmunks (Ruby Spears version) | Network 2 | RTÉ One |
| Muppet Babies | RTÉ One | Network 2 |
| Dempsey's Den | RTÉ One | Network 2 |
| Bosco | RTÉ One | Network 2 |
| The Wuzzles | RTÉ One | Network 2 |
| / The Berenstain Bears | RTÉ One | Network 2 |
| ALF | RTÉ One | Network 2 |

## Ongoing television programmes
### 1960s

* RTÉ News: Nine O'Clock (1961–present)
* RTÉ News: Six One (1962–present)
* The Late Late Show (1962–present)

### 1970s

* Sports Stadium (1973–1997)
* The Late Late Toy Show (1975–present)
* RTÉ News on Two (1978–2014)
* Bosco (1979–1996)
* The Sunday Game (1979–present)

### 1980s

* Today Tonight (1982–1992)
* Mailbag (1982–1996)
* Glenroe (1983–2001)
* Rapid Roulette (1986–1990)
* Live at 3 (1986–1997)
* Saturday Live (1986–1999)
* Questions and Answers (1986–2009)
* Dempsey's Den (1986–2010)
* Marketplace (1987–1996)
* Where in the World? (1987–1996)
* Know Your Sport (1987–1998)
# Lamella (materials)

A lamella (pl.: lamellae) is a small plate or flake, from the Latin, and may also refer to collections of fine sheets of material held adjacent to one another in a gill-shaped structure, often with fluid in between though sometimes simply a set of "welded" plates. The term is used in biological contexts for thin membranes of plates of tissue. In the context of materials science, the microscopic structures in bone and nacre are called lamellae. Moreover, the term lamella is often used to describe crystal structure of some materials.

## Uses of the term

In surface chemistry (especially mineralogy and materials science), lamellar structures are fine layers, alternating between different materials. They can be produced by chemical effects (as in eutectic solidification), biological means, or a deliberate process of lamination, such as pattern welding. Lamellae can also describe the layers of atoms in the crystal lattices of materials such as metals.
In surface anatomy, a lamella is a thin plate-like structure, often one amongst many lamellae very close to one another, with open space between.
In chemical engineering, the term is used for devices such as filters and heat exchangers.
In mycology, a lamella (or gill) is a papery hymenophore rib under the cap of some mushroom species, most often agarics.
The term has been used to describe the construction of lamellar armour, as well as the layered structures that can be described by a lamellar vector field.
In medical professions, especially orthopedic surgery, the term is used to refer to 3D printed titanium technology which is used to create implantable medical devices (in this case, orthopedic implants).
In context of water-treatment, lamellar filters may be referred to as plate filters or tube filters.
This term is used to describe a certain type of ichthyosis, a congenital skin condition. Lamellar Ichthyosis often presents with a "colloidal" membrane at birth. It is characterized by generalized dark scaling.
The term lamella(e) is used in the flooring industry to describe the finished top-layer of an engineered wooden floor. For example, an engineered walnut floor will have several layers of wood and a top walnut lamella.
In archaeology, the term is used for a variety of small flat and thin objects, such as Amulet MS 5236, a very thin gold plate with a stamped text from Ancient Greece in the 6th century BC.
In crystallography, the term was first used by Christopher Chantler and refers to a very thin layer of a perfect crystal, from which curved crystal physics may be derived.
In textile industry, a lamella is a thin metallic strip used alone or wound around a core thread for goldwork embroidery and tapestry weaving.
In September 2010, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced a recall of two medications which contained "extremely thin glass flakes (lamellae) that are barely visible in most cases. The lamellae result from the interaction of the formulation with glass vials over the shelf life of the product."
# Presidents' Trophy (U Sports)

The Presidents' Trophy is an annual Canadian sports award presented to the most outstanding defensive player in U Sports football. The trophy was first presented in 1980 after having been championed by two past presidents of Canadian university sports bodies. The name indirectly honours Ed Zemrau, past president of U Sports (then known as the Canadian Interuniversity Athletics Union); and Robert Doty, past president of Canada's university football championship game, then known as the College Bowl and now as the Vanier Cup.

## List of Presidents' Trophy winners

| Year | Winner | School |
| 1980 | Rich Payne | Wilfrid Laurier |
| 1981 | Mike Emery | UBC |
| 1982 | Mike Emery | UBC |
| 1983 | Tom Timlin | Carleton |
| 1984 | Larry Oglesby | Mount Allison |
| 1985 | Darcy Kopp | Calgary |
| 1986 | Mark Norman | UBC |
| 1987 | Brent Lewis | Western |
| 1988 | Leroy Blugh | Bishop's |
| 1989 | Mark Singer | Alberta |
| 1990 | Randy Power | Mount Allison |
| 1991 | Ray Bernard | Bishop's |
| 1992 | Alex Eliopoulos | Saint Mary's |
| 1993 | Lou Tiro | Toronto |
| 1994 | Cory Delaney | Waterloo |
| 1995 | Paul Frlan | StFX |
| 1996 | Derek Krete | Western |
| 1997 | Jason Van Geel | Waterloo |
| 1998 | Warren Muzika | Saskatchewan |
| 1999 | Mike Letendre | Saskatchewan |
| 2000 | Joey Mikawoz | Manitoba |
| 2001 | David Stipe | Bishop's |
| 2002 | Adam MacDonald | StFX |
| 2003 | Neil McKinlay | Simon Fraser |
| 2004 | Mickey Donovan | Concordia |
| 2005 | Patrick Donovan | Concordia |
| 2006 | Patrick Donovan | Concordia |
| 2007 | Mat Nesbitt | Regina |
| 2008 | Thaine Carter | Queen's |
| 2009 | Cory Greenwood | Concordia |
| 2010 | Henoc Muamba | StFX |
| 2011 | Max Caron | Concordia |
| 2012 | Frédéric Plesius | Laval |
| 2013 | Pawel Kruba | Western |
| 2014 | Jonathan Langa | Saint Mary's |
| 2015 | John Rush | Guelph |
| 2016 | D. J. Lalama | Manitoba |
| 2017 | Adam Auclair | Laval |
| 2018 | Fraser Sopik | Western |
| 2019 | Nelson Lokombo | Saskatchewan |
| 2021 | Josiah Schakel | Alberta |
| 2022 | Nicky Farinaccio | Montreal |
| 2023 | Harold Miessan | Montreal |
| 2024 | Nate Beauchemin | Calgary |