OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alexander Sutherland, 3rd of Duffus

Alexander Sutherland, 3rd of Duffus (died 1482) was a Scottish member of the nobility and a cadet of the Clan Sutherland.

## Laird of Duffus

He was the son of Henry Sutherland of Torboll and Margaret Mureff or Moray. His uncle was John Sutherland, 2nd of Duffus (1408-1427) and his grandfather was Nicholas Sutherland, 1st of Duffus. He succeeded his father in Torboll and his uncle in Duffus. He married Murial, daughter of John Chisholm of Of that Ilk before 19 March 1433-34. From that marriage he obtained the lands of Quarrelwood and Greschip near Elgin, Moray. The marriage to Murial Chisholm also meant that Sutherland of Duffus incorporated the Chisholm arms of a boar's head into the centre of his own coat of arms.
According to James Balfour Paul's The Scots Peerage, Alexander Sutherland succeeded his father Henry in Torboll and his uncle in Duffus before 13 March 1433–34, when he granted twenty-one oxgangs in Strathbrock or Broxburn in West Lothian to Robert Crichton of Sanquhar. He also held from David Lindsay, Earl of Crawford, the lands of Ledbothy in Forfarshire which he sold in 1455 to Richard Lovell of Balumby.
In 1444, Alexander Sutherland of Duffus paid a visit to his chief, John Sutherland, 7th Earl of Sutherland who was being held hostage at Pontefract Castle in England for the ransom money of James I of Scotland. Alexander Sutherland obtained from the earl confirmation of the lands of Torboll in succession to his father and grandfather. He is referred to as Sir Alexander Sutherland of Duffus in a Crown writ dated 21 July 1541. He was alive in 1469 and 1478. According to George Harvey Johnstone writing in 1910, Alexander Sutherland, 3rd of Duffus died in 1482, but according James Balfour Paul writing in 1906, he had died some time before 1484.

## Family and descendants

Alexander Sutherland and Murial Chisholm's children were:
* William Sutherland, died 1474, leaving a son, Alexander Sutherland, who died before 8 October 1478, who in turn left a daughter. William also had a son called William Sutherland, 4th of Duffus who initially succeeded in Quarrelwood and later in Duffus. This William Sutherland died before February 1513–14, and left a son, William Sutherland, 5th of Duffus who died in 1529. According to Robert Young writing in 1867, the latter was killed in a feud with the Clan Gunn in 1529 in Thurso. However, James Balfour Paul attributes this as happening to the next William Sutherland, 6th of Duffus in 1530, and this is supported by George Harvey Johnstone.
* Angus Sutherland of Torboll, who married Christina and had Nicholas Sutherland, Donald Sutherland and Hugh Sutherland who died before 1525, having married Agnes MacLeod leaving a daughter.
* Isabella Sutherland, who married Alexander Dunbar of Westfield.
* Dorothea Sutherland, who married Alexander Ross of Balnagown who was killed at the Battle of Aldy Charrish on 11 June 1486. She was blamed as one of the causes of this conflict.
# John Leydon

John Leydon (17 January 1895 – 2 August 1979) was an Irish civil servant, who served in a number of significant roles in ministerial departments and was involved in the setting up and development of a number of semi-state organisations such as Irish Shipping (first chairman), Aer Rianta (served as director and chairman), Aer Lingus (served as chairman), and the Institute of Public Administration (which he served as its first president).
Leydon was educated at St. Mel's College, Longford, before going to Maynooth College as a seminarian, he did not pursue the priesthood, and instead joined the British civil service in 1915. A devout Catholic, he was a member of the Legion of Mary, whose founder Frank Duff, was a close friend and best man at Leydon's wedding.

## Awards and honours

He was awarded by the Vatican the title Knight Commander with star of the Order of St. Gregory the Great in 1948. Leydon was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Dublin in 1961.

## Death

Leydon died on 2 August 1979, aged 84. He is buried in Dean's Grange Cemetery Dublin.
# Scott Baird

Scott Baird (born May 7, 1951) is an American curler. At 54, he is the oldest American athlete to ever participate in the Winter Olympics, which he did at the 2006 Winter Olympics. Despite this feat, Baird was only the alternate for Pete Fenson's U.S. team and did not throw a stone, although he still received a bronze medal. On January 16, 2007, the team was named the 2006 USOC Team of the Year.
In addition to the Olympics, Baird has skipped the U.S. team to three World Championship events (1979, 1993 & 1994), winning bronze in 1993. In 2003, Baird skipped the U.S. team to the silver medal at World Seniors Championship. In 2003, 2005, 2006, and 2011, Baird was the alternate player for Pete Fenson at the World Championships.
In 2005 Baird was inducted into the United States Curling Association Hall of Fame.
# Jeziorek

Jeziorek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szudziałowo, within Sokółka County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Belarus.
# Scott Carnahan

Scott Carnahan (born October 24, 1953) is an American former professional tennis player.
One of the fastest servers of his era, Carnahan entered in national serving competitions and was once recorded at 137 mph at a Tennis magazine sponsored event in Los Angeles. He played collegiate tennis for UC Irvine, where he was a three-time singles All-American and the 1975 NCAA Division II doubles champion with Bob Wright. On the professional tour, he featured in all four grand slam tournaments during his career and ranked in the world's top 200 for singles.

## ATP Challenger finals
### Doubles: 2 (0–2)

| Result | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Loss | 1. | Sep 1978 | Tinton Falls, United States | Hard | Charles Strode | Keith Richardson John Sadri | 7–6, 3–6, 4–6 |
| Loss | 2. | Nov 1978 | Kyoto, Japan | Clay | Joel Bailey | Ross Case Tony Graham | 3–6, 4–6 |
# Jodoziory

Jodoziory is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rutka-Tartak, within Suwałki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Lithuania. Until 31 December 2009 it was a part of gmina Wiżajny.
# Juchnowiec Dolny-Kolonia

Juchnowiec Dolny-Kolonia is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Juchnowiec Kościelny, within Białystok County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland.
# Maoriata magna

Maoriata magna is a species of Orsolobidae spider. The species is endemic to New Zealand.

## Taxonomy

This species was described as "Ascuta magna" in 1956 by Ray Forster from male and female specimens collected in Fiordland. In 1985, the species was made the type species of Maoriata. The holotype is stored in Canterbury Museum.

## Description

The male is recorded at 4.2 mm (0.17 in) in length whereas the female is 4.35 mm (0.171 in). This species has a dark yellowish carapace, pale brown legs and creamy white coloured abdomen with a chevron pattern dorsally.

## Distribution

This species is only known from Fiordland, New Zealand.

## Conservation status

Under the New Zealand Threat Classification System, this species is listed as "Not Threatened".
# Harvey Salem

Harvey Maynard Salem (born January 15, 1961) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive tackle who played 10 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the California Golden Bears.
# Scott LaGrand

Scott LaGrand (born February 11, 1970) is an American former professional ice hockey goaltender who played nine seasons in the American Hockey League (AHL), International Hockey League (IHL), and East Coast Hockey League (ECHL).

## Playing career

LaGrand was drafted in the fourth round, 77th overall, by the Philadelphia Flyers in the 1988 NHL Entry Draft. He enrolled at Boston College and was named MVP of the 1990 Hockey East Tournament as a freshman. After garnering All-American honors at Boston College he signed with the Flyers shortly before the 1992-1993 season. He spent three years in the Flyers system with the Hershey Bears of the AHL before being traded in 1995 to the Tampa Bay Lightning and was subsequently assigned to their top IHL affiliate the Atlanta Knights. LaGrand signed with the Orlando Solar Bears of the IHL prior to the 1995-1996 season and spent parts of four seasons in Orlando. He also appeared in the IHL with the Chicago Wolves, Utah Grizzlies, and Fort Wayne Komets. LaGrand finished his career in the East Coast Hockey League with the Pensacola Ice Pilots where he was named team MVP after the 1999-2000 season. He dressed in two games with the Charlotte Checkers in the 2009-2010 season.

## Awards and honors

| Award | Year |
| Hockey East All-Tournament Team | 1990 |
| All-Hockey East First Team | 1990–91 |
| AHCA East Second-Team All-American | 1991–92 |
# Scott Sanderson (basketball)

Scott Sanderson (born June 15, 1962) is the former head men's basketball coach at Lipscomb University. He resigned from his position after 14 years on April 9, 2013. Sanderson is the son of former University of Alabama head coach Wimp Sanderson.
# Kadłubówka, Podlaskie Voivodeship

Kadłubówka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brańsk, within Bielsk County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) east of Brańsk, 16 km (10 mi) west of Bielsk Podlaski, and 43 km (27 mi) south of the regional capital Białystok.
# Telereal Trillium

Telereal Trillium (now styled TT Group) is a commercial property investment, development and management company, headquartered in central London, England. The majority ownership of TT Group is privately held by three funds settled under the Bernard Pears 1967 Family Trust. The minority ownership of TT Group is held by an employee benefit trust.

## History

Trillium was formed in 1997 to acquire the 1,500,000 square metres (16,000,000 sq ft) property portfolio of the Department for Work and Pensions, which it did in 1998. Acquired by Land Securities in 2000, the company was renamed Land Securities Trillium.
In 2001, the 50/50 joint-venture company Telereal was established with William Pears Ltd, to acquire the property portfolio of British Telecom for £2.3Bn.
In 2002, Telereal began managing the property portfolios of O2 and Airwave. In 2004, Trillium signed property management agreements with Norwich Union and Barclays Bank. After Pears bought the remaining 50% interest in Telereal in 2005, the company completed the purchase of the property portfolio of the DVLA under a 20-year deal.
In 2008, Trillium signed deals to manage the property portfolios of the Royal Mail and Birmingham City Council. It then bought the project management division of AMEC, and then bought the office and branch properties of the Royal Bank of Scotland in partnership with the Prudential plc Investment Management.
In 2009, after selling Aviva's Norwich headquarters for £134 million, Land Securities sold Trillium (excluding the Accor Hotels portfolio), to Telereal for £750 million, to form Telereal Trillium. The group then sold its 10% stake in the £1.3 billion Trillium Investment Partners fund, which invested in public-private partnerships covering at that point 108 assets including University College Hospital, to existing investors in the fund, which then renamed itself Semperian.
In January 2010, the company placed the majority of the Royal Bank of Scotland assets it owned up for sale, for a sum of £475 million.
In 2015 the company acquired Lands Improvement Holdings from Blackrock.
In 2019, in 50:50 joint venture with Blackstone Property Partners, the company acquired £1.46bn of Network Rail's commercial estate, forming The Arch Company.
# Atie Ridder-Visser

Gerarda Alida (Atie) Ridder-Visser (23 July 1914 – 20 August 2014) was a Dutch resistance fighter during World War II. She was a member of the gang Marinus Post, she was known by the pseudonym Karin.

## Courier

She was recruited in the spring of 1944 by a woman from Woerden if she wanted to work as a courier. Following that experience, she ended up with the gang of Marinus Post as an experiment.

## Murder of Felix Guljé

After the war, Visser worked in Leiden at the Political Investigation Service (POD) with former gang chief Dick Spoor, who oversaw the group after the death of Post in 1944. Visser talked about a strategic bridge that was sabotaged by the resistance, but according to the Dutch Engineering Workshops (HCW), the bridge Felix Guljé [nl] would be repaired. It was decided to liquidate this Guljé. Yet When Visser looked at the file, Guljé was empty, despite the liquidation. On 1 March 1946 she called Visser at Guljé and told him she had a letter for him. When Guljé came to the front door, she shot him. She then returned to her rented room at Johan Knuttel. Although an investigation was opened into the murder, she was not a suspect. The commotion about the murder eluded Ridder-Visser because she read no newspapers.

## Aftermath

In 1947, Visser immigrated to the Dutch East Indies, where she met and married Herman Ridder. A few years later, the couple returned to the Netherlands and lived in Rotterdam and Hengelo. After spending several years in Spain, the pair again returned to Rotterdam.
On 5 May 1982, Ridder-Visser received the Resistance Cross from the Mayor of Leiden.
In 1999, a book she authored about Marinus Post was published under the title Marinus Mail alias Evert.

## Confession

In early 2011, Ridder-Visser wrote a letter to Mayor Lenferink of Leiden, where she confessed to murdering Guljé . On 18 March she had a conversation with Lenferink, who informed Guljé's family and the prosecution. Ridder-Visser was not prosecuted because the statute of limitations had expired on 2 March 1964.
On 6 May 2011 Ridder-Visser met two grandchildren of Felix Guljé.
On 8 June her story became public. Later she let them know that this was not her intention; her letter to Mayor Lenferink should not have been made public. They regarded the affair as something between her and family. During her first interview with Lenferink, he agreed that the contents of the letter would not be public. At a second meeting Lenferink, however, said that she was obliged to give it to him. A spokesman for the mayor said that at the first meeting it was not agreed that the letter should not be publicized.
She died on 20 August 2014, nearly a month after her 100th birthday.
# Ponte sul Taro

The Ponte sul Taro or Bridge over the Taro River is a bridge along the Ancient Roman via Emilia, whose present structure still incorporates the construction from 1816 to 1821, and is located just northwest of Parma, in the neighborhood of Ponte Taro of the municipality of Noceto, Region of Emilia-Romagna, Italy.

## History

Bridges at this site had been erected by the Romans as part of the Via Emilia, but over time collapsed. In 1170, a hermit by the name of Nonantola rebuilt a crude bridge across the site. He was granted privileges by the bishop Bernardo II to establish a monastery and hostal/hospital at the site, ministering to pilgrims traveling along the route.
In 1235, a flood destroyed the bridge and monastic structures, leading a reconstruction by 1294. In 1325, the institution was granted to the Abbey of Fontevivo. Further floods continued to destroy attempts to bridge the river, leaving passage at the site at the mercy of boats. In 1816, Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma commissioned a permanent bridge. The structure was designed by Antonio Cocconcelli and his aide Giambattista Ferrari, with construction managed by Amedeo Rosazza. Inaugurated in 1821, in its day, the 600 meter bridge spanning 20 arches was considered a master feat of engineering. It cost just over 2 million Lire at the time. At each end of the span, sculpted by Giuseppe Carra, were and still are two flanking reclining statues, each representing the main rivers traversing the Duchy: Parma, Taro, Enza, and Stirone.
# Lipina, Podlaskie Voivodeship

Lipina is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sokółka, within Sokółka County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Belarus. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) south-west of Sokółka and 29 km (18 mi) north-east of the regional capital Białystok.
# Title of honor

A title of honor or honorary title is a title bestowed upon individuals or organizations as an award in recognition of their merits.
Sometimes the title bears the same or nearly the same name as a title of authority, but the person bestowed does not have to carry out any duties, except for ceremonial ones. The title may sometimes be temporary, only valid for the individual's visit or for a single day, though they can also be permanent titles. In some cases, these titles are bestowed posthumously.
Some historical honorary titles may be bought, like certain titles of nobility. This has long been a matter of fraud, both outright and indirect. Honorary titles also serve as positions of sinecure and honorary retirement.

## Examples

Some examples of honorary titles from various areas include:
* Academician – Honorary title (academic)
* Fellow of an academic, artistic, or professional society
* Fire chief
* Freeman of the City of London
* Hero of the Russian Federation
* Honorary Colonel
* Honorary degree or position, such as honorary Professor
* Knight, Dame, or Companion of an honorific order
* Military positions (e.g. officer) and ranks (e.g. admiral), for people who are not part of the military
* New Knowledge Worker of Korea
* People's Artist
* Honorary counselors (neuvos) in Finland, such as valtioneuvos (Counselor of State) and vuorineuvos (Counselor of Mining)
* Last of the Romans
# Wendy Mitchinson

Wendy Mitchinson (1947-2021) was a Canadian historian and a Canada Research Chair in Gender and Medical history at the University of Waterloo.
Mitchinson trained at York University and quickly became a major figure in the field of Canadian women's history. With Ramsay Cook, she co-edited her first book "The Proper Sphere: Woman's Place in Canadian Society", a collection of writing on the then new field of Canadian women's history. In 1988, she co-authored "Canadian Women: A History" the first textbook on Canadian women. She joined the University of Waterloo with tenure in 1985, and continued as a professor emerita after her 2013 retirement.
Later, she begin to focus on the history of medicine, particularly women's health, and wrote "The Nature of Their Bodies: Women and Their Doctors in Victorian Canada." Her most recent book, "Giving Birth in Canada: 1900-1950", examines the history of childbirth in a Canadian context. She held the Canada Research Chair in Gender and Medical History from 2006 to 2013, and published Fighting Fat: Canada 1920-1980 in 2018.
She was awarded two Royal Society of Canada Jason A. Hannah medals for publication in the history of medicine, and 2013 University of Waterloo's Award of Excellence in Graduate Supervision.
# Lipowo, Gmina Bargłów Kościelny

Lipowo is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Bargłów Kościelny, within Augustów County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland.
# Lasse Trædal

Lasse Torkelson Trædal (20 December 1857 – 14 October 1924) was a Norwegian farmer, schoolteacher and politician for the Liberal Party.
He was born in Lavik and was a member of Lavik municipal council from 1895 to 1913, serving as mayor. He was elected to the Parliament of Norway from Nordre Bergenhus Amt in 1900, and after a hiatus he won re-elections in 1909, 1912 and 1915.
# Andreas Kaddeland

Andreas Jonson Kaddeland (7 January 1858 – 5 July 1943) was a Norwegian physician and politician for the Liberal Party.
He was born in Holme, and spent most of his life as a farmer. He was a member of Holme municipal council from 1896, and served as mayor for some time. He was a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from the constituency of Mandalen during the term 1913–1915. In February 1913, upon the death of representative Thore Torkildsen Foss, Kaddeland became a full representative.
# Al Broadhurst

Alfred George Broadhurst (July 11, 1927 – July 11, 2014) was an American speed skater. He competed in two events at the 1952 Winter Olympics.
# Alan Merrick

Alan Ronald Merrick (born 20 June 1950) is a retired professional association footballer who played as a defender in England, the North American Soccer League and the Major Indoor Soccer League. Born in England, he earned one cap with the United States national team in 1983, having previously represented the England U18.

## Club career

Merrick was born in Selly Oak, Birmingham, but grew up in North Warwickshire, where he attended Water Orton Junior School and Coleshill Grammar School. He joined West Bromwich Albion in July 1966, turning professional in August 1967. He made his senior debut in September 1968 in a League Cup tie against Peterborough United and in the same year won three England youth caps. In 1975 the team loaned Merrick to second division club Peterborough. At the end of the season, Merrick moved to the USA where he signed with the Minnesota Kicks of the North American Soccer League. Merrick remained with the Kicks through the 1979 season when he moved to the Los Angeles Aztecs. Merrick moved again at the end of the season, to the San Jose Earthquakes for the 1981 season. However, after twelve games, the Earthquakes traded Merrick to the Minnesota Kicks. At the end of the 1981 season, the Kicks traded Merrick to the Toronto Blizzard for the 1982 season. In 1983, the U.S. Soccer Federation, in coordination with the NASL, entered the U.S. national team, known as Team America, into the NASL as a league franchise. The team drew on U.S. citizens playing in the NASL, Major Indoor Soccer League and American Soccer League. Merrick left the Blizzard and signed with Team America. When Team America finished the 1983 season with a 10–20 record, the worst in the NASL, USSF withdrew the team from the league.

## International career

In 1968, Merrick played three times for the England national under-18 football team at the Junior World Cup Tournament in the South of France against Bulgaria, Russia and the Netherlands.
On 8 April 1983, Merrick earned one cap with the U.S. national team in a 2–0 victory over Haiti. He started the game, but subbed out for Erhardt Kapp in the second half.

## Coaching career

In 1983, Merrick retired from playing and joined the coaching ranks with the Minnesota Strikers. At the time, the Strikers played in the NASL, but after the collapse of the league in 1984, the Strikers moved to Major Indoor Soccer League. Merrick continued to coach them through the 1987–1988 season. He is currently the head coach of the University of Minnesota men's club team. Additionally, he continues to train coaches and young players through his Minneapolis-based academy. In April 2012, Merrick was named head coach of the Eagan High School boys soccer team.