OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Sydney Mail

The Sydney Mail was an Australian magazine published weekly in Sydney. It was the weekly edition of The Sydney Morning Herald newspaper and ran from 1860 to 1938.

## History

The Sydney Mail was first published on 17 July 1860 by John Fairfax and Sons. In 1871 the magazine was renamed for the first time, and it was published as The Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser from 1871 to 1912. In 1912 it reverted to its original name, The Sydney Mail, and was published under this masthead until 28 December 1938 when the magazine ceased publication. It was published on a weekly basis and became known for its illustrations.

### Earlier titles

The Sydney Mail had absorbed another John Fairfax publication when it began in 1860, the Shipping Gazette and Sydney General Trade List, which was first published in 1844 by Charles Kemp and John Fairfax and at that time absorbed the Sydney General Trade List. This was the final title of the List, which began publication as the Sydney General Trade List in 1828. It changed title in 1829 to the Sydney General Trade List, and Mercantile Advertiser, in 1830 to the Sydney General Trade List, Mercantile Chronicle and Advertiser, and finally in 1834 to the Sydney General Trade List.

## Digitisation

The various titles of the paper have been digitised as part of the Australian Newspapers Digitisation Program of the National Library of Australia.

## Personnel

Notable people employed by or contributing to The Sydney Mail include:
* Gerard Krefft, Curator of the Australian Museum. contributor of more than 150 "Natural History" articles from 4 March 1871 until 26 June 1875 (see: List of Natural History articles by Gerard Krefft in The Sydney Mail).
* Hall Thorpe, principal artist (1897 – 1900)
* Ella McFadyen, contributor of short stories novella, and poetry; conducted The Children's Page 1920 to 1938
* Sydney Elliott Napier, assistant editor (1930s)

## Works originally published

* Robbery Under Arms - serialised novel by Rolf Boldrewood July 1882—August 1883
* "Jack's Last Muster" - poem by Barcroft Boake 13 December 1890
* "Mulga Bill's Bicycle" - poem by Banjo Paterson 25 July 1896
* "Salute" – poem by Sydney Elliott Napier 21 April 1937
# Antonio Montauti

Antonio Montauti (1685 - 1740) was an 18th-century Italian sculptor active in Florence and Rome.

## Biography

He was a pupil of Giuseppe Piamontini. His patron, Cardinal Francesco Maria de' Medici, obtained the first known works circa 1708–9. They were destined for his first patron. In 1733, he was recruited to Rome by Cardinal Alamanno Salviati and soon won the favor with Pope Clement XII, who in 1735 appointed him as surveyor for the Vatican. He completed both statuary, busts, as well as smaller bronzes and medals.
About 1715, he carved two reliefs of St. Philip Neri, depicting the Ecstasy of Philip and the Distribution of Bread for the church of San Firenze in Florence. In 1721, a supposedly lost Ganymede and four other marbles he was carving for John Molesworth were described as his "first works"; however "Ganymede and the Eagle" plus a statue of Hebe, stated as being by Montauti and "probably commissioned by the Hon. John Molesworth", recently surfaced at the Christie's auction house, described as "the property of a lady" and having been originally purchased by Thomas Parker, 1st Earl of Macclesfield in around 1723-25 and kept thereafter at the latter's newly refurbished historic property Shirburn Castle until recent times, when they were sold for £79,250 each in 2009.
In 1726, he made large marble statue of Saint Maria Maddalena de' Pazzi for the cloister of San Frediano in Cestello.
# Anthopotamus verticis

Anthopotamus verticis, or Walker's tusked sprawler, is a species of hacklegilled burrower mayfly in the family Potamanthidae. It is found in southeastern Canada and the northern and southeastern United States.
# AlphaCom

AlphaCom is a commercial SSH, Telnet and RS-232/modem client and terminal emulator by OmniCom Technologies. It is a Windows product but has been known to also run on Linux via emulation.

## History

AlphaCom is a GUI-based RS-232/modem, Telnet and SSH client and terminal emulator. The earliest known version was released in 1999. It was previously part of a line of networking software which included a remote desktop client called winShadow, a Telnet server called AlphaServ, and a remote printing product called AlphaLPD. The company now offers only AlphaCom and AlphaLPD. All of the above are commercialware.

## Features

* Wyse 50/50+, Wyse 60, SCO ANSI, Linux, IBM 3151, ANSI, VT220, VT102, VT100, VT52 emulations
* International keyboard and character set
* Built-in utilities includes file transfer, host look-up, ping, traceroute, FTP, time client and network scanner
OmniCom Technologies has further information on their web site.

## Compatibility

AlphaCom runs on Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8 and Windows 10. It also runs on the Windows Server series of operating systems. An experimental version for macOS was made available in January 2016.

## Popularity

AlphaCom is a popular choice among system and network administrators.
A free trial of AlphaCom is available. The trial version is valid for 30 days.
# Samuel Higginbottom

Samuel Wasse Higginbottom (1853 – 28 December 1902) was Conservative Member of Parliament for Liverpool West Derby. He was a shipowner and a land and colliery owner.

## Biography

Higginbottom was born in 1853, the son of T. R. Higginbottom, of Dukinfield, Cheshire. Early in life, after a short experience at the Lawn Vale Colliery, Skelmersdale, he entered upon a commercial career in Liverpool. He purchased several collieries in Lancashire, Cheshire and North Wales, and became one of the largest private colliery owners in the north of England. His investments were profitable, and he re-invested in shipping as one of the founders the Douglas Steamers Ltd, a company formed to run steamers between Liverpool and the Isle of Man.
He was a member of Liverpool City Council for Edge Hill ward, and served on several committees in the council. He was an active member of the Wesleyan Methodist Church.
Higginbottom won the parliamentary seat without opposition in 1900, but died only two years later.
He married in 1877 a daughter of Mr. Henry Shanock, of Scarisbrick, Southport.
Higginbottom died at Claughton, Cheshire on 28 December 1902, after a brief illness.
# Rune Lindström (screenwriter)

Gustaf Rune Lindström (28 April 1916 – 25 April 1973) was a Swedish screenwriter and actor. He wrote for more than 30 films between 1942 and 1971.

## Biography

Rune Lindström was a scriptwriter, poet, illustrator, director and actor. He had intended to become a priest and began studying theology at Uppsala University, but interrupted his studies when he had an unexpectedly great success with The Heavenly Play. At the play's premiere in 1941 in the university hall in Uppsala, he played the lead role himself.
Lindström went on to write three well-known plays in Dalarna; in addition to The Heavenly Play, which has been performed in Leksand every summer since 1949, he also wrote Ingmarsspelen in Nås in 1959 and Skinnarspelet, which has been the opening act of the midsummer celebrations in Malung since its premiere in June 1967. In 1946, Lindström was commissioned to read Alfred, Lord Tennyson's poem "Ring Out, Wild Bells" at Skansen at the stroke of midnight.
He wrote several film scripts and also appeared as a film actor. The Heavenly Play was made into a film as early as 1942, with Lindström in the lead role. During the 1960s he was employed by the Stockholm City Theatre.
Lindström also wrote the lyrics to several melodies that have become classics, including "Visa vid midsommartid", "Te' dans mä Karlstatösera" and "Balladen om Joe Hill". As an illustrator, he illustrated Kaj Munk's Jesu liknelser återutgivna för barn and Dalahistorier, among others.
Lindström was awarded the Illis quorum in 1966.

## Selected filmography

* The Heavenly Play (1942)
* The Word (1943)
* The Emperor of Portugallia (1944)
* Johansson and Vestman (1946)
* Affairs of a Model (1946)
* Rail Workers (1947)
* I Am with You (1948)
* Vi flyr på Rio (1949)
* Realm of Man (1949)
* Woman in White (1949)
* Dangerous Spring (1949)
* Skipper in Stormy Weather (1951)
* Love (1952)
* For the Sake of My Intemperate Youth (1952)
* Enchanted Walk (1954)
* Salka Valka (1954)
* Men in the Dark (1955)
* The People of Hemsö (1955)
* La Sorcière (1956)
* The Song of the Scarlet Flower (1956)
* The Minister of Uddarbo (1957)
* The Phantom Carriage (1958)
* A Lion in Town (1959)
* Woman of Darkness (1966)
# Arena Antonio Alexe

Arena Antonio Alexe is an indoor arena located in Oradea, Romania. The arena is named after the Romanian basketball player Antonio Alexe. It is the home arena of the men's professional basketball and handball clubs of CSM Oradea. Arena hosted B group of EuroBasket Women 2015.
# Negel

Negel may refer to the following places:
* Negel, Ilam, Iran
* Negel, Kurdistan, Iran
* Negel Rural District, in Kurdistan Province, Iran
* Negel (river), a tributary of the Trebeș in eastern Romania
# Scots contract law

Scots contract law governs the rules of contract in Scotland.
Contract is created by bilateral agreement and should be distinguished from a unilateral promise, the latter being recognised as a distinct and enforceable species of obligation in Scots Law. The English requirement for consideration does not apply in Scotland, so it is possible to have a gratuitous contract, i.e. a contract where only one of the parties comes under any duties to the other (e.g. a contract to perform services for no consideration). If, however, consideration is given, as for example in a sales contract, the contract is said to be onerous.
A contract is an agreement between two or more parties which creates or intends to create legally binding obligations between the parties to it.
Note however that not all declarations made by a person to another person will amount to a promise that is enforceable under Scots law. In particular, a declaration of intention, a testamentary provision, and an offer will not be a promise.
At common law, a promise had to be proved by writ or oath. However, after the introduction of the Requirements of Writing (Scotland) Act 1995, a promise need only be evidenced in writing for:
* the creation, transfer, variation or extinction of a real right in land (s 1(2) (a)(i) of Requirements of Writing (Scotland) Act 1995); and
* a gratuitous unilateral obligation except an obligation undertaken in the course of business (s 1(2)(a)(ii) of Requirements of Writing (Scotland) Act 1995.) [Note that this section has caused great debate amongst academics as to the meanings of ‘unilateral’ and ‘gratuitous’. Some believe that the inclusion of the two terms in this section points to a desire of the drafters that they be given different meanings. This would allow some promises to be unilateral but not gratuitous. This argument was particularly discussed by both Martin Hogg (University of Edinburgh) and Joe Thomson (University of Glasgow) in articles for the Scots Law Times (News) in 1998 and 1997 respectively.
A Contract is formed by the acceptance of an offer; an offer can be constituted by responding to an invitation to treat.
Variation of the original offer counts as counter-offer.
A leading piece of legislation in Scots contract law is the Contract (Scotland) Act 1997. This act includes damages for breach of contract of sale.
# Anthopotamus

Anthopotamus is a genus of hacklegilled burrower mayflies in the family Potamanthidae. There are at least four described species in Anthopotamus.

## Species

* Anthopotamus distinctus (Traver, 1935)
* Anthopotamus myops (Walsh, 1863)
* Anthopotamus neglectus (Traver, 1935)
* Anthopotamus verticis (Say, 1839) (Walker's tusked sprawler)
# Alpha2 Capricorni

Alpha$^2$ Capricorni (α$^2$ Capricorni), or Algedi /ælˈdʒiːdi/, is a triple star system in the southern constellation of Capricornus. It is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of +3.57. It is separated from the fainter α¹ Capricorni by 0.11° of the sky, a gap just resolvable with the naked eye, similar to Mizar and Alcor. Based on parallax shift as refined from orbits around the Sun of the Gaia spacecraft at Earth's Lagrange point 2, the star is 101 to 103 light years from the Solar System.

## Properties

The primary, component A, is an evolved G-type star with a stellar classification of G8.5III-IV, indicating that the spectrum displays mixed traits of a giant and subgiant star. At the age of 1.3 billion years, is currently on the red giant branch and is generating energy through hydrogen fusion along a shell surrounding an inert helium core. The star has around double the mass of the Sun and has expanded to more than eight times the Sun's radius. The star is radiating 40 times the solar luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,030 K.
The secondary components B and C form a binary system that orbit each other with a period of about 244 years. Both stars have masses about half that of the Sun. They orbit the primary with an estimated period of around 1,500 years. As of 2010, the pair lies at an angular separation of 6.6 arc seconds from the primary along a position angle of 196°.

## Nomenclature

α² Capricorni (Latinised to Alpha² Capricorni) is the star's Bayer designation. It bore the traditional names Secunda Giedi or Algiedi Secunda and shared the name Algedi (from the Arabic الجدي al-jadii 'the goat') with α¹ Capricorni. In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalogue and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN approved the name Algedi for α² Capricorni on 21 August 2016 and it is now so entered in the IAU Catalog of Star Names.
In Chinese, 牛宿 (Niú Xiù), meaning Ox (asterism), refers to an asterism consisting of α² Capricorni, Beta Capricorni, ξ² Capricorni, Pi Capricorni, Omicron Capricorni and Rho Capricorni. Consequently, α² Capricorni itself is known as 牛宿二 (Niú Xiù èr, the Second Star of Ox.)
# The Scarlet Letter (1911 film)

The Scarlet Letter (1911) is a silent drama motion picture short starring King Baggot, Lucille Young, and William Robert Daly.
Directed by Joseph W. Smiley and George Loane Tucker and produced by Carl Laemmle's IMP Studios, the screenplay was adapted by Herbert Brenon based on the historical 1850 novel of the same title by Nathaniel Hawthorne.
This second silent version of The Scarlet Letter was IMP's first "IMP Film De Luxe." While only 1000 feet (300 m) in length, it was at that time considered a feature film. It was a critical success and showcased IMP star King Baggot as a serious actor.

## Synopsis

Set in 17th-century Massachusetts, it is the classic story of a young woman, Hester Prynne (played by Lucille Young), who is forced by her Puritan community to wear a scarlet "A" (for adultery) because she had a daughter by another man while her husband was away.

## Cast

* King Baggot as Reverend Dimmesdale
* Lucille Young as Hester Prynne
* William Robert Daly as Roger
* Anita Hendrie as (undetermined role)
* Robert Z. Leonard as (undetermined role)
* J. Farrell MacDonald as (undetermined role)
# Al Blanche

Prosper Albert Blanche (September 21, 1909 – April 2, 1997) was a Major League Baseball pitcher. He played two seasons with the Boston Braves / Bees from 1935 to 1936.

## Biography

A native of Somerville, Massachusetts, Blanche was the son of Italian emigrants and the youngest of four children. He attended Somerville High School, and played college baseball at Providence College, graduating with a degree in philosophy in 1934. While at Providence, he played summer baseball in the Cape Cod Baseball League (CCBL). In 1931, he began the CCBL season with Wareham, but finished the season with Falmouth. In 1933 and 1934, he pitched for the league's Harwich team, winning the decisive third game of a three-game championship series sweep for Harwich over Falmouth.
Blanche caught on with the big league Braves near the end of the 1935 season. Though it was the end of a dismal campaign for the Boston club, Blanche posted an impressive 1.56 ERA in 171⁄3 innings over six appearances. His debut came on August 23, when he tossed four innings in relief of Ben Cantwell, allowing two earned runs and smacking a hit in the Braves' 7–5 loss to the Pittsburgh Pirates at Braves Field. His best outing came on September 29 in the first game of a home doubleheader against the New York Giants and hurler Al Smith. With the Braves down 5–2 after three innings, Boston starter Ed Brandt was lifted for Blanche, who finished with six strong shutout innings in the eventual 5–3 loss.
Blanche began the following season with Boston, now known as the "Bees", appearing in 11 games and posting a 6.19 ERA in 16 innings before being optioned to the minor leagues. He made one appearance with the Syracuse Chiefs, then finished out the 1936 season with the Columbia Senators of the Sally League. In 1938, he was back in the CCBL with Orleans. Over his two major league seasons, Blanche tossed 331⁄3 innings with a 3.78 ERA and eight strikeouts. He went 2-for-10 at the plate, and committed two errors in 16 chances in the field.
Blanche served in the United States Air Force during World War II, and died in 1997 in Melrose, Massachusetts, at age 87.
# Tiergarten (EP)

Tiergarten is a digital extended play (EP) recording by Rufus Wainwright, released under Geffen Records in the United Kingdom on October 29, 2007. The EP contains one track: "Supermayer Lost in Tiergarten." This track, a remix of "Tiergarten" from Wainwright's album Release the Stars, was also featured as a single in limited vinyl release (500 copies total).

## Track listing

* "Supermayer Lost in Tiergarten"
# Aulax umbellata

Aulax umbellata, the broad-leaf featherbush, is a shrub native to the Western Cape. It occurs on the lower slopes and coastal lowlands from Kogelberg to Mossel Bay up to altitudes of 500 m. The shrub grows with a single stem and grows up to 2.5 m tall. Umbellata means like an umbrella. The leaves have rounded tips and can become 110 mm long and 15 mm in diameter. The plant is bisexual, male and female flowers grow on different plants. The plants bloom from September to February. A variety of insect species help pollinate the plants. Female flowers dry out and form a woody shell in which the seeds are formed and preserved. Fires destroy the plant and only the seeds survive.
In Afrikaans, the plant is known as the veerkanariebos.
# Mouron-sur-Yonne

Mouron-sur-Yonne (French pronunciation:, literally Mouron on Yonne) is a commune in the Nièvre department in central France.

## Demographics

On 1 January 2019, the estimated population was 97.
# Anthopterus

Anthopterus is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Ericaceae.
Its native range is Costa Rica to Peru.
Species:
* Anthopterus costaricensis Luteyn
* Anthopterus cuneatus A.C.Sm.
* Anthopterus ecuadorensis Luteyn
* Anthopterus gentryi Luteyn
* Anthopterus molaui (Luteyn) Luteyn
* Anthopterus oliganthus A.C.Sm.
* Anthopterus pterotus (A.C.Sm.) Luteyn
* Anthopterus racemosus Hook.
* Anthopterus revolutus (Wilbur & Luteyn) Luteyn
* Anthopterus schultzeae (Sleumer) Luteyn
* Anthopterus verticillatus Luteyn
* Anthopterus wardii Ball
# Samuel Hickson (footballer)

Samuel Hickson was an English footballer who played as a forward for Belgian club Liège between 1895 and 1903. He was topscorer in the Belgian First Division in the 1895–96 and 1896–97 seasons.

## Honours
### Club

Football Club Liégeois
* Belgian First Division champions: 1895-96, 1896–97, 1898-99

### Individual

* Belgian First Division top scorer: 1895-96, 1896–97
# Allen Ndodole

Allen Ndodole (born 4 February 1996) is a Botswana football midfielder who currently plays for Orapa United.
# Rumbak

Rumbak is a village in the Leh district of Ladakh, India. It is located in the Likir tehsil and lies within Hemis National Park.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, Rumbak has 36 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 79.91%.
Demographics (2011 Census) :
| | Total | Male | Female |
| Population | 248 | 128 | 120 |
| Children aged below 6 years | 24 | 15 | 9 |
| Scheduled caste | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Scheduled tribe | 248 | 128 | 120 |
| Literates | 179 | 101 | 78 |
| Workers (all) | 97 | 81 | 16 |
| Main workers (total) | 91 | 79 | 12 |
| Main workers: Cultivators | 53 | 47 | 6 |
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Main workers: Household industry workers | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Main workers: Other | 37 | 31 | 6 |
| Marginal workers (total) | 6 | 2 | 4 |
| Marginal workers: Cultivators | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal workers: Others | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| Non-workers | 151 | 47 | 104 |
# Shakarxon

Shakarxon, daughter of Xoliqboy (1879–1921), was a woman warrior from Oltiariq who participated in the independence movement in Fergana Valley. Shakarxon was an active participant of the national liberation movement in Turkestan. She led a group of 500 people which became famous in the Ferghana Valley as Shakarxon's guard.

## Biography

Shakarxon daughter of Xoliqboy was born in 1879 in the Poloson village of Altiariq (Oltiariq) in a wealthy Xoliqboy family. His father was a craftsman Xoliqboy, and for many years he was an elder in Oltiariq market. When she grew up, she married Otajonboy, who lived in Qayragoch village, and gave birth to two daughters and a son. They built a new home in the village of Qairaghoch of Rishton and started living there. In 1916, Otajon died and Shakarxon became a widow.

## Kurbashi Period

In the summer of 1918, Shakarxon came to the village of Tashkurgan, to the house of the chief of Toychi for military activity. In this way, she led a group of 500 people who became famous in the Ferghana Valley as Shakarxon's guard. After Turkistan Autonomy was crushed, in the national liberation movement that started in Fergana Valley, her husband Otajon and a group of young men fought against the Red Army at the threshold of Kairagoch village, and the non-military combatants lost the battle. After the father and son Odilxon Shakarxon Xoliqboy were shot in front of their eyes, the woman, who had reached the age of 40, went to fight with a weapon in her hand. Fighting against the Reds together with Toychi Kurbashi, at the end of 1918 she freed the entire region of Altiariq from Bolshevik influence. The soldier Shakarxon was wounded in the chest and died in the battles of 1921. The daughters of Shakarxon Kurbashi named Adolat, Turgunoy and Lazokat later worked as modern and learned people. Today, her descendants live in the village of Poloson, Oltiariq District, Fergana Region.
# Musumeci

Musumeci is a family name of Italian origin. Notable people with the surname include:
* Maddalena Musumeci (born 1976), Italian water polo player
* Mikey Musumeci (born 1996), American submission grappler and jiu-jitsu competitor
* Nello Musumeci (born 1955), Italian right-wing politician and president of Sicily
* Nina Musumeci, American beauty queen
* Pietro Musumeci (born 1920), Italian general and deputy director of Italy's military intelligence agency
* Tammi Musumeci (born 1994), American submission grappler and jiu-jitsu competitor
* Tuccio Musumeci (born 1934), Italian actor and comedian