OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Középiskolai Matematikai és Fizikai Lapok

Középiskolai Matematikai és Fizikai Lapok [Mathematical and Physical Journal for Secondary Schools] (KöMaL) is a Hungarian mathematics and physics journal for high school students. It was founded by Dániel Arany, a high school teacher from Győr, Hungary and has been continually published since 1894.
KöMaL has been organizing various renowned correspondence competitions for high school students, making a major contribution to Hungarian high school education. Winners of the competition include many leading Hungarian scientists and mathematicians. Since the early 1970s, all of the problems in the KöMaL journal have been translated into English; published solutions, however, are not typically translated.
In addition to problems in mathematics, physics and more recently, informatics, the journal contains articles on those subjects. A 100-year archive of issues is provided online.
The journal's problem section and correspondence competition has been a source of inspiration for the United States of America Mathematical Talent Search.
# QLZ-04

The Type 04 automatic grenade launcher (military designation QLZ-04) is a Chinese 35x32SR mm belt-fed automatic grenade launcher, developed as an alternative to the older QLZ-87. It may be vehicle-mounted or crew-served.
# Ligitan and Sipadan dispute

The Ligitan and Sipadan dispute [2002] ICJ 3 was a territorial dispute between Indonesia and Malaysia over two islands in the Celebes Sea, namely Ligitan and Sipadan. The dispute began in 1969 and was largely resolved by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in 2002, which opined that both of the islands belonged to Malaysia.

## Background

Ligitan and Sipadan are two small islands located in the Celebes Sea off the southeastern coast of the Malaysian state of Sabah. Sovereignty over the islands has been disputed by Indonesia and Malaysia since 1969 and intensified in 1991 when Indonesia discovered that Malaysia had built some tourist facilities on Sipadan island. Indonesia claimed that it had made a verbal agreement with Malaysia in 1969 to discuss the question of sovereignty over the islands. Malaysia however denied the allegation of an agreement between them, maintaining that the islands have always been part of the territory of its state of Sabah. Both countries have not delimited their maritime zones in the area and the court was not asked to rule on this further matter. On 2 November 1998, both countries agreed to bring the matter to the International Court of Justice (ICJ).

### Government of the Philippines request for intervention

The Philippines had applied during the proceedings to intervene over the case on the basis of their claim to northern Borneo. According to the Philippine side, the heirs of the Sultan of Sulu has ceded their rights over North Borneo (present-day Sabah) to the Philippines in 1962. However, a majority of people in the territory chose to become part of Malaysia in 1963 rather than the Philippines under a plebiscite organised by the United Nations. The Philippines motive to intervene was questioned by the court, as to whether the Philippines had a "sufficiently strong legal interest" with both Indonesia and Malaysia. The court strongly rejected the Philippines' attempt of intervention and in doing so cited that the request made by the Philippines did not relate to the subject matter of the case. The Philippines query was totally dismissed in June 2001 when after oral hearings the court voted it down by a count of fourteen votes to one.

## Court decision

Both islands were originally considered to be terra nullius. However, the United Kingdom when it held sovereignty over Malaya, had significantly developed the islands unlike the Dutch East Indies, Indonesia's predecessor - Britain had demonstrated effective occupation. The Court used that fact, known as the effectivites principle as the main reason for awarding the islands to Malaysia. In addition, it is also acknowledged both of the islands were much closer to Malaysia than Indonesia as well with an earliest documentation from Malaysia over the British 1878 Agreement with the Sultanate of Sulu during which time they acquired the Sultanate area as part of the British Borneo, while the Indonesian claim is mostly based on an 1891 Boundary Treaty between Great Britain and the Netherlands.
# Somalitayloria

Somalitayloria is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.

## Distribution

The distribution of the genus Somalitayloria includes:
* Somalia

## Species

Species within the genus Somalitayloria include:
# Pseudotelphusa basifasciella

Pseudotelphusa basifasciella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Mississippi, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee and Texas.
The wingspan is 10–15 mm. Adults are on wing in late spring and summer.
# 2005 Hamburg Masters

The 2005 Hamburg Masters was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 99th edition of the Hamburg Masters, and was part of the ATP Masters Series of the 2005 ATP Tour. It took place at the Rothenbaum Tennis Center in Hamburg, Germany, from 9 May through 16 May 2005. First-seeded and defending champion Roger Federer won the singles title.

## Finals
### Singles

Roger Federer defeated Richard Gasquet, 6–3, 7–5, 7–6$^{(7–4)}$
* It was Federer's 6th title of the year, and his 28th overall. It was his 3rd Masters title of the year, and his 7th overall. It was his third victory at the event after winning in 2002 and 2004.

### Doubles

Jonas Björkman / Max Mirnyi defeated Michaël Llodra / Fabrice Santoro, 6–2, 6–3
# Somatochlora graeseri

Somatochlora graeseri is a species of dragonfly in the family Corduliidae. It is found in Asia, where it occurs in Japan (Hokkaido and northern Honshu), Korea, northern China, and Russia (Siberia west to foothills of the Ural Mountains).

## Subspecies

The species is split into two valid subspecies:
* Somatochlora graeseri aureola Oguma, 1913
* Somatochlora graeseri graeseri, the nominate subspecies
# A Sense of Entitlement

A Sense Of Entitlement is a short film directed by Mark L. Feinsod and starring Nicole Severine and Rike Scholle.

## Plot

The film tells the story of two sisters, Caroline and Jessica, after their father calls Jessica and informs her that he will no longer finance their expensive New York lifestyle. Each sister reacts in different ways: Jessica must figure out how to continue her art studies and whether to move to France with her boyfriend Albert, while Caroline prostitutes herself to two investment bankers. When the girls' father, Mr. Blaine, arrives in town accompanied by his bodyguard/assistant Benton, Albert, who had come to Jessica's apartment to surprise her, is accidentally shot when he is mistaken for somebody who has been sending death threats to Mr. Blaine.

## Production

Shot in 1999 and completed in 2000, the movie was shot on Super-16mm film and blown up to 35mm.
A Sense of Entitlement stars Rike Scholle as Caroline, Nicole Severine as Jessica, David Kampman as Mr. Blaine, and Stanislas Verspyck as Albert. It was written and directed by Mark L. Feinsod. Music used in the soundtrack for the film was written by Vincent James.
# Kuni, Gunma

Kuni (六合村, Kuni-mura) was a village located in Agatsuma District, Gunma Prefecture, Japan.
As of September 1, 2007, the village had an estimated population of 1,788 and a population density of 9.41 persons per km². The total area was 202.81 km².
On March 28, 2010, Kuni was merged into the expanded town of Nakanojō.

## Geography

Over half of the total area is covered by forests. Located on the border of Gunma Prefecture and Nagano Prefecture is Lake Nozori. There were two major hot springs in the village: the Shiriyaki and Hanashiki Hot Springs.

## Surrounding municipalities

* Gunma Prefecture
** Kusatsu
** Nakanojō
** Naganohara
** Higashiagatsuma
* Nagano Prefecture
** Sakae
** Yamanouchi
** Takayama
* Niigata Prefecture
** Yuzawa

## History

* 1889 - Kusatsu village is created in Agatsuma District.
* 1900 - Kusatsu village is divided into Kusatsu town and Kuni village
* March 28, 2010 - Kuni was merged into the expanded town of Nakanojō.

## Name origin

Before the creation of Kusatsu village in 1889, there were six villages, called Akaiwa, Kosame, Hikage, Ooshi, Iriyama, and Irusu. When thinking of a name in 1900, Kuni, meaning six put together (六合), was chosen since there were six villages. The pronunciation of the village's name came from the Nihon Shoki.
# Kodaganoor

Kodaganoor is a village in Belgaum district in Karnataka, India.
# Shire of Sherbrooke

The Shire of Sherbrooke was a local government area about 40 kilometres (25 mi) east of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia. The shire covered an area of 191.66 square kilometres (74.0 sq mi), and existed from 1963 until 1994. Its largest population centre was the town of Belgrave.

## History

Sherbrooke was originally the northwestern part of the Berwick Road District, which was incorporated on 24 October 1862, and became a shire on 12 May 1868. On 23 May 1889, the Scoresby Riding of the shire was severed, and incorporated as the Shire of Fern Tree Gully. With increasing urbanisation in suburbs closer to Melbourne, Fern Tree Gully in turn was splintered on 9 October 1963, the western part forming the City of Knox. The eastern part remained as Shire of Fern Tree Gully until the shire was renamed to the Shire of Sherbrooke a year later on 23 December 1964.
On 15 December 1994, the Shire of Sherbrooke was abolished, and along with the Shires of Lillydale, Healesville and Upper Yarra, was merged into the newly created Shire of Yarra Ranges. The districts around Emerald merged with the neighbouring Shire of Pakenham, into the newly created Shire of Cardinia, while Upper Ferntree Gully and Lysterfield were transferred to the City of Knox.
Council formerly met at the Shire Offices in Upwey. After the amalgamations, these offices became the Burrinja Cultural Centre.

## Wards

The Shire of Sherbrooke was divided into four ridings, each of which elected three councillors:
* Centre Riding
* East Riding
* Emerald Riding
* South Riding

## Suburbs and localities

| Avonsleigh Belgrave Belgrave Heights Belgrave South Clematis Emerald (shared with the Shire of Pakenham) Ferny Creek Kallista Lysterfield Macclesfield Menzies Creek | Monbulk (shared with the Shire of Lillydale) Narre Warren East Olinda (shared with the Shire of Lillydale) Sassafras Selby Sherbrooke Tecoma The Patch Upper Ferntree Gully Upwey* |
* Council seat.

## Population

| Year | Population |
| 1911 | 3,613 |
| 1933 | 9,171 |
| 1954 | 25,446 |
| 1958 | 30,360* |
| 1961 | 37,587+ |
| 1966 | 17,651+ |
| 1971 | 20,484 |
| 1976 | 25,584 |
| 1981 | 29,935 |
| 1986 | 34,766 |
| 1991 | 36,554 |
* Estimate in the 1958 Victorian Year Book. + Knox severed in 1963 - Sherbrooke population in 1961 was 16,306, and combined population for 1966 is 65,242.
# Selo, Lukovica

Selo (pronounced) is a former village in central Slovenia in the Municipality of Lukovica. It is now part of the village of Lukovica pri Domžalah. It is part of the traditional region of Upper Carniola and is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

## Geography

Selo is a small roadside settlement between Šentvid pri Lukovici and Lukovica pri Domžalah.

## Name

The name Selo is derived from the Slovene common noun selo 'village, settlement'.

## History

Selo was annexed by Lukovica pri Domžalah in 1953, ending its existence as a separate settlement.

## Notable people

Notable people that were born or lived in Selo include:
* Dragotin Lončar (1876–1954), historian, editor, and politician
# Konstantinos Karatheodoris

Konstantinos Karatheodoris (1841–1922) was an Ottoman Greek statesman, who was a member of the distinguished Phanariote Karatheodori family. He served as the Ottoman-appointed Prince of Samos from 1906 to 1907. He was the younger brother of the diplomat and statesman Alexander Karatheodori Pasha, who also served as Prince of Samos from 1885 to 1895.

## Biography

In his youth, he studied Engineering in Europe. He became manager of the Ottoman railways, and then a member of the Supreme Council of the Ottoman Empire. He had also worked in Samos on the construction of the road connecting Vathy, Karlovasi, Marathokampos, Platanos, Pirgos and the capital, under Prince Miltiadis Aristarchis.
When he became Prince of Samos, he tried to reconcile the parties and bring peace to the island. He did not succeed. He made the same mistakes as everyone else before him, in that he championed the winning political party.
The Government under Themistoklis Sophoulis signed a contract with the Bank of Athens for the establishment of a Samian Bank. The opposite party did not want that and protested to the Ottoman government with the excuse that the establishment of a Samian bank was not a wise thing to do. The Sultan, annoyed by this, agreed to veto the decision. He illegally ordered the Principal to not validate the contract. Karatheodoris signed it against his wishes however. As a result, he was dismissed.
* This Ottoman biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Somatochlora lingyinensis

Somatochlora lingyinensis is a species of dragonfly in the family Corduliidae. It was described in 1979 based on a specimen from Lingyin in Zhejiang, China. No other specimens are known.
# A Sense of Freedom

A Sense of Freedom is a 1981 Scottish crime film directed by John Mackenzie for Scottish Television. The film stars David Hayman and featured Jake D'Arcy, Sean Scanlan, Hector Nicol, Alex Norton and Fulton Mackay. It is based on the autobiography of Glasgow gangster Jimmy Boyle, who was reputed to be Scotland's most violent man. Due to non-co-operation by the Scottish Prison Service in allowing a film crew access to their property, Hayman's scenes in prison were filmed in Dublin's Kilmainham Jail.
A harrowing tale of a habitual and brutal criminal. Boyle repeatedly resisted attempts by the Prison Service to dampen his temper. He was brutally assaulted many times by Prison Officers. He also assaulted many staff including a brutal attack causing an officer to lose his eye.
The film received a BAFTA nomination for Best Single Play.
The music is by Frankie Miller and Rory Gallagher.

## Cast

* Jimmy Boyle - David Hayman
* Rab - Jake D'Arcy
* Jada - Sean Scanlan
* Malkie - Alex Norton
* Piper - John Murtagh
* Chief officer - Roy Hanlon
* Inspector Davidson - Fulton Mackay
* Bobbie Dougan - Martin Black
* Uncle Jodie - Hector Nicol
* Barman - Frank Welshman
* Boyle's mother - Katy Gardiner
* Archie - Billy Jeffrey
* Judge - David Steuart
* Prison officer - Ken Drury
* Prison governor - Gerry Slevin
* Prison governor - Ron Paterson
* Prison governor - Hugh Martin
* Special unit officer - Jackie Farrell
# Pyrgospira

Pyrgospira is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Pseudomelatomidae, the turrids and allies

## Species

Species within the genus Pyrgospira include:
* Pyrgospira aenone Dall, 1919
* Pyrgospira candace (Dall, 1919)
* Pyrgospira ostrearum (Stearns, 1872)
* Pyrgospira tampaensis (Bartsch & Rehder, 1939)

### Species brought into synonymy

* † Pyrgospira acurugata Dall, 1890: synonym of † Strictispira acurugata (Dall, 1890)
* Pyrgospira fuscescens (Reeve, 1843): synonym of Crassispira fuscescens (Reeve, 1843)
* Pyrgospira nautica Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932: synonym of Pyrgospira aenone (Dall, 1919)
* Pyrgospira obeliscus (Reeve, 1845): synonym of Pyrgospira aenone (Dall, 1919)
* Pyrgospira plicosa (Adams C. B., 1850): synonym of Pyrgocythara plicosa (C. B. Adams, 1850)
* Pyrgospira tomliniana Melvill, 1927 : synonym of Pyrgospira aenone (Dall, 1919)
# Pierre Augustin Dangeard

Pierre Clement Augustin Dangeard (23 November 1862, Ségrie – 10 November 1947, Ségrie) was a botanist and mycologist known for his investigations of sexual reproduction in fungi. He was the father of botanist Pierre Dangeard (1895–1970) and geologist Louis Dangeard (1898–1987).
Beginning in 1883, he worked as a préparateur to the faculty at Caen, earning his doctorate in 1886. Following graduation, he served as chief of travaux de botanique. In 1891 he was appointed associate professor of botany at the University of Poitiers, later relocating to Paris as a lecturer at the faculty of sciences. In 1921 he attained the title of professor in Paris.
In 1887 he founded the scientific journal Le Botaniste. He was the member of several learned societies, such as the Académie des sciences (1917), the Société botanique de France (president 1914–18) and the Société mycologique de France. He was the circumscriber of the mycological genus Amoebophilus.
He was honoured in 1899, when botanists Pier Andrea Saccardo and Paul Sydow published Dangeardiella, which is a genus of fungi in the class Dothideomycetes.

## Published works

* Mémoire sur la reproduction sexuelle des Basidiomycètes, in Le Botaniste 4 pp. 119 - 181. (1894) – Report on sexual reproduction in Basidiomycetes.
* La reproduction sexuelle des Ascomycètes, in Le Botaniste 4:1 pp. 21 - 58. (1894) – Sexual reproduction of Ascomycetes.
* Les ancêtres des champignons supérieurs, in Le Botaniste 9 pp. 1 - 263, (1903) – The ancestors of the higher fungi.
* Recherches sur le développement du périthèce chez les Ascomycètes, in Le Botaniste 9 pp. 59 - 303 (1907) – Research on the development of the perithecium in Ascomycetes.
* L'origine du périthèce chez les Ascomycètes, in Le Botaniste 10 pp. 1 - 385, (1907) – The origin of the perithecium in Ascomycetes.
* Observations sur la famille des Labyrinthulées et sur quelques autres parasites des Cladophora, in Le Botaniste 24:3 pp. 217 - 258, (1932) – Observations on the family Labyrinthules and some other parasites of Cladophora.
# Solid fats and added sugars

Solid fats and added sugars (SoFAS) is a dietary education program of the USDA regarding overconsumption of saturated fats, transfats (which are both solid at room temperature) and artificially added sugars especially in highly processed foods.
# Peter Matthias Van Gelder

Peter Matthias Van Gelder or Vangelder (1739–1809) was an 18th century British sculptor, architect and builder of Dutch descent.

## Life

He was born in Amsterdam in Holland in 1739 and came to England in the 1750s. He moved to London and joined the premises of Thomas Carter the Elder as an apprentice stonemason and sculptor. Other contemporary apprentices in the yard included John Deare. He was paid two guineas a week in this period.
Not until 1769 did he attend the Royal Academy Schools but quickly impressed, gaining a Silver Medal from the Royal Academy in his first year and the Gold Medal for 1771 for his bas-relief "The Choice of Hercules".
By 1780 his company had expanded into a high quality building company and had started to undertake prestigious projects in London.
He died on 3 September 1809 at his home at Upper Norton Street in London. His will was settled on 19 December 1809 and is held at the National Archives in Kew.

## Family

His widow died in 1814.

## Works

* Memorial to Mary, Duchess of Montagu at Warkton (1771) commissioned by Robert Adam his finest work
* Chimneypiece for the Drapers' Hall in London (1778)
* Monument to Rev John Fulham at Compton, Surrey (1781)
* Terrace of houses on north side of Bedford Square in London (1781)
* Monument styled as a pyramid to Robert Child at Heston (1782)
* Houses in Riding House Lane (1786)
* Monument to Henry Read at Ramsbury (1786)
* Monument to Mrs Newland at Havant (1786)
* Ornamentation at Fishmongers Hall for the Worshipful Company of Fishmongers (1789-1792) - frontage and interior
* Two chimneypieces for Northwick Park for Sir John Rushout (c.1790)
* Terrace of houses at Devonshire Place in London (1793)
* Plaque in library at Audley End in Essex (1794)
* Monument to Margaret Emma Stephens Lady Orde at Hanwell (1796)
* Monument to Henry Southby at Buckland, Berkshire (1796)
* Monument to Alexander Hume at Wormley, Hertfordshire (1800)
* Chimneypieces for Grocers Hall for the Worshipful Company of Grocers (1800)
* Monument to John Rushout, 1st Baron Northwick at Blockley (1800)
* Monument to Frances Read at Ramsbury (1801)
* Monument to John Fleming at North Stoneham (1802)
* Monument to Robert Davies at Wrexham (1802)
* Monument to Richard Puleston at Wrexham (1804)
* Monument to Newton Barton at Broadwater, Sussex (1808)
* Chimneypieces for Mr Coutts for his house on Stratton Street in Piccadilly (1809)
* Memorial to Mrs Frampton in Moreton, Dorset (dnk)
* Monument to Major John Andre in Westminster Abbey (dnk)

## Restoration

The Montagu monuments in Warkton were restored in 2014.

### Gallery

* Vangelders interior at Fishmongers Hall
* North Side of Bedford Square by Peter Van Gelder
# Sophie Jodoin

Sophie Jodoin (born 1965) is a Canadian visual artist based in Montreal. Jodoin is known chiefly for her figurative, drawing-based practice in traditional media as well as collage, video, and altered found objects.

## Education

She received her Bachelor of Fine Arts in 1988 in Visual Arts from Concordia University in Montreal.

## Work

She has worked almost exclusively in black-and-white since 2004, and first showed works integrating drawing and collage in 2009, sourcing images from magazines, the Internet, personal photos and books. In Jodoin's drawing, the lack of objective figures gives people a feeling that there is no narration. One exception that contains didactic intent is "Yesterday and Tomorrow", which consists of a series of drawings. Those pictures showed a young girl wearing a white silk dress walking through a corridor.

## Solo exhibitions

* VOLTA NY, New York, NY 2012
* close your eyes, Richmond Art Gallery, Richmond, British Columbia 2012
* Small Dramas & Little Nothings, Union Gallery, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario 2012
* Small Chronicles of Everyday Violence, Musée d’art de Joliette, Québec. Curated by Marie-Claude Landry 2011
* I felt a cleaving in my mind, Battat Contemporary, Montréal, Québec. Curated by Susannah Wesley 2011
* You have to kill a whole to get a little, Oboro, Montréal, Québec 2011
* Small Dramas & Little Nothings, Invited Artist, Ottawa School of Art, Ontario 2010
* The Cherished Ones, Newzones, Calgary, Alberta 2010
* De peine et de misère, Centre Clark, Montréal, Québec 2010
* Nous sommes en manque, National Center for the Arts - French Theatre, Ottawa, Ontario. Invited by director Wajdi Mouawad 2009
* Headgames: hoods, helmets & gasmasks, Battat Contemporary, Montréal, Québec 2009
* Vigils, Newzones, Calgary, Alberta 2009
* Small Dramas & Little Nothings, Maison des Arts de Laval, Laval, Québec. Curated by Danielle Lord 2009
* Hoods, helmets & gasmasks, Connexion Gallery, organised by UNB Art Centre, Fredericton, New-Brunswick 2008
* Regiment, McClure Gallery, Visual Arts Centre, Montréal, Québec; travelled to Nanaimo Art Gallery, Nanaimo, B.C. (2007)
* Edward Day Gallery, Toronto, Ontario (2007)
* Diary of K.; a journal of drawings (part II), Newzones, Calgary, Alberta 2005
* Diary of K.; a journal of drawings (part I), Edward Day Gallery, Toronto, Ontario 2005
* Drawing Shadows; portraits of my mother, Edward Day Gallery, Toronto, Ontario 2004
* Figures Undressing, Edward Day Gallery, Toronto, Ontario 2003
* Recent Works, Galerie de Bellefeuille, Montréal, Québec 2000
* Architectures, Centre d’exposition des Gouverneurs, Sorel, Québec 1997
* Centre d’exposition l’Imagier, Aylmer, Québec 1996
* Galerie 101, Ottawa, Ontario 1994
* Centre Clark, Montréal, Québec 1992