# Ministry of Culture (Spain)

The Ministry of Culture (MC) is the department of the Government of Spain responsible for the promotion, protection and dissemination of the Spanish historical heritage, national museums, art, books, reading and literary creation, of cinematographic and audiovisual activities and of national archives and libraries.
It is also responsible for the promotion and dissemination of culture in Spanish, as well as the promotion of cultural cooperation and, in coordination with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, European Union and Cooperation, of international relations in the field of culture.
The MCD is headed by the Culture Minister, a Cabinet member who is appointed by the Monarch on advice of the Prime Minister. The minister is assisted by a Secretary of State and an Under-Secretary. The current minister of Culture is, since 21 November 2023, Ernest Urtasun.

## History
### Early period

The Ministry of Culture was created during the Spanish transition to democracy. However, the government action on culture dates back to the 18th century. From the beginning of the century and promoted by the Crown, it appeared the first Royal Academies such as the Language (1713), History (1738) or Fine Arts (1752), all of them dependent from the Secretariat of State.
With the development and specialization of the Administration, the promotion and protection of culture was assumed by the Ministry of Development between 1834 and 1837 when it assumed powers over theaters, and all kinds of public amusements and recreation, as well as the Conservatories of Arts and Music, by the Ministry of the Interior between 1837 and 1847 and Development again between 1847 and 1851, by the Ministry of Grace and Justice between 1851 and 1855 and again by the Ministry of Development until 1900.
The Budget Act of 1900 created the Ministry of Public Instruction and Fine Arts which assumed the responsibilities on culture until 1977. During this period, the Directorate-General for Fine Arts was created in 1915 which had competences on civil constructions related to National Monuments, Museums, Artistic Schools, Painting, Music Schools and other entities of an artistic nature and in 1939 it was created the Directorate-General for Archives and Libraries. Both merged in 1974 in a new Directorate-General for Artistic and Cultural Heritage.
In 1946 it was created the Directorate-General for Cinematography and Theater which main task was to censor this cultural sectors. It was suppressed in 1967.

### Democracy

Finally, in 1977 it was created an independent Culture Ministry which assumed the Directorate-General for Artistic and Cultural Heritage from the Ministry of Education, the responsibilities of the Under Secretary for Family, Youth and Sport from the Ministry of the Presidency and the information and cultural functions of the Ministry of Information and Tourism (cinema, theaters, music). Likewise, the Secretariat of State for Culture was created and it also assumed RTVE.
The final structure established nine general directions: Artistic Heritage, Archives and Museums; Cultural Diffusion; Books and Libraries; Music Theater and Shows; Cinematography; Community Development; Youth; and Broadcasting and Television. It also assumed organically the Superior Council of Sports.
In 1981 the Ministry ceded to the City of Madrid the management of the Teatro Español. In 1985 the Ministry suffered a big reshuffle because of the devolution of cultural powers to the recently created Regions. At the same time it was created the National Institute of Performing Arts and Music (INAEM) and the Institute of Cinematography and Audiovisual Arts (ICAA).
Between 1996 and 2004 the Ministry of Culture was merged with the Ministry of Education although the Secretariat of State for Culture was maintained. In 2004 it was created again and in 2011 the Ministry assumed the competencies on bullfighting. It was suppressed again in 2011 until 2018 when the new prime minister Pedro Sánchez recovered this Ministry.

## Structure

The Ministry's structure is:
* The Secretariat of State for Culture.
** The Directorate-General for Books, Comics and Reading.
*** The Deputy Directorate-General for the Promotion of Books, Reading and Spanish Literature.
*** The Deputy Directorate-General for Library Coordination.
** The Directorate-General for Cultural Rights.
*** The Deputy Directorate-General for Promotion and Access to Culture.
*** The Deputy Directorate-General for Cultural Cooperation with the Regions.
*** The Deputy Directorate-General for Intellectual Property.
** The Directorate-General for Cultural Heritage and Fine Arts.
*** The Deputy Directorate-General for the Management and Coordination of Cultural Assets.
*** The Deputy Directorate-General for Records and Documentation of Historical Heritage.
*** The Deputy Directorate-General for the Cultural Heritage Institute of Spain.
*** The Deputy Directorate-General for State Museums.
*** The Deputy Directorate-General for State Archives.
*** The Deputy Directorate-General for Visual Arts and Contemporary Creation.
** The Technical Cabinet.
* The Undersecretariat of Culture.
** The General Technical Secretariat.
** The Budget Office.
** The Deputy Directorate-General for Economic Management and General Affairs.
** The Deputy Directorate-General for Human Resources and Services Inspection.
** The Technical Cabinet.
** The Information Technology Division.
** The Cultural Industries Coordination Centre.
* The Deputy Directorate-General for International Relations and European Union
Public organisms under direction of Ministry of Culture and Sport:
* The Reina Sofía Museum.
* The Prado Museum.
* The National Library of Spain.
* The National Institute of Performing Arts and Music.
* The Institute of Cinematography and Audiovisual Arts.

## List of officeholders

Office name:
* Ministry of Culture and Welfare (1977)
* Ministry of Culture (1977–1996; 2004–2011, 2023–present)
* Ministry of Culture and Sports (2018–2023)
| Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Term of office | Term of office | Party | Party | Government | Prime Minister (Tenure) | Prime Minister (Tenure) | Ref. |
| Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Took office | Left office | Duration | Party | Party | Government | Prime Minister (Tenure) | Prime Minister (Tenure) | Ref. |
| | Pío Cabanillas Gallas (1923–1991) | 5 July 1977 | 1 September 1977 | 1 year and 275 days | | PP | Suárez II | | Adolfo Suárez (1976–1981) | [17] [18] [19] |
| | Pío Cabanillas Gallas (1923–1991) | 1 September 1977 | 6 April 1979 | 1 year and 275 days | | PP | Suárez II | | Adolfo Suárez (1976–1981) | [17] [18] [19] |
| | Pío Cabanillas Gallas (1923–1991) | 1 September 1977 | 6 April 1979 | 1 year and 275 days | | UCD | Suárez II | | Adolfo Suárez (1976–1981) | [17] [18] [19] |
| | Manuel Clavero (1926–2021) | 6 April 1979 | 17 January 1980 | 286 days | | UCD | Suárez III | | Adolfo Suárez (1976–1981) | [20] [21] |
| | Ricardo de la Cierva (1926–2015) | 18 January 1980 | 9 September 1980 | 235 days | | UCD | Suárez III | | Adolfo Suárez (1976–1981) | [22] [23] |
| | Íñigo Cavero (1929–2002) | 9 September 1980 | 27 February 1981 | 1 year and 84 days | | UCD | Suárez III | | Adolfo Suárez (1976–1981) | [24] [25] [26] |
| | Íñigo Cavero (1929–2002) | 27 February 1981 | 2 December 1981 | 1 year and 84 days | | UCD | Calvo-Sotelo | | Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo (1981–1982) | [24] [25] [26] |
| | Soledad Becerril (born 1944) | 2 December 1981 | 3 December 1982 | 1 year and 1 day | | UCD | Calvo-Sotelo | | Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo (1981–1982) | [27] [28] |
| | Javier Solana (born 1942) | 3 December 1982 | 26 July 1986 | 5 years and 222 days | | PSOE | González I | | Felipe González (1982–1996) | [29] [30] [31] |
| | Javier Solana (born 1942) | 26 July 1986 | 12 July 1988 | 5 years and 222 days | | PSOE | González II | | Felipe González (1982–1996) | [29] [30] [31] |
| | Jorge Semprún (1923–2011) | 12 July 1988 | 7 December 1989 | 2 years and 244 days | | Independent | González II | | Felipe González (1982–1996) | [32] [33] |
| | Jorge Semprún (1923–2011) | 7 December 1989 | 13 March 1991 | 2 years and 244 days | | Independent | González III | | Felipe González (1982–1996) | [32] [33] |
| | Jordi Solé Tura (1930–2009) | 13 March 1991 | 14 July 1993 | 2 years and 123 days | | PSC–PSOE | González III | | Felipe González (1982–1996) | [34] [35] |
| | Carmen Alborch (1947–2018) | 14 July 1993 | 6 May 1996 | 2 years and 297 days | | Independent | González IV | | Felipe González (1982–1996) | [36] [37] |
| Office disestablished during this interval. |||||||||||
| | Carmen Calvo (born 1957) | 18 April 2004 | 9 July 2007 | 3 years and 82 days | | PSOE | Zapatero I | | José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (2004–2011) | [38] [39] |
| | César Antonio Molina (born 1952) | 9 July 2007 | 14 April 2008 | 1 year and 272 days | | Independent | Zapatero I | | José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (2004–2011) | [40] [41] [42] |
| | César Antonio Molina (born 1952) | 14 April 2008 | 7 April 2009 | 1 year and 272 days | | Independent | Zapatero II | | José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (2004–2011) | [40] [41] [42] |
| | Ángeles González-Sinde (born 1965) | 7 April 2009 | 22 December 2011 | 2 years and 259 days | | Independent | Zapatero II | | José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (2004–2011) | [43] [44] |
| Office disestablished during this interval. |||||||||||
| | Màxim Huerta (born 1971) | 7 June 2018 | 13 June 2018 | 6 days | | Independent | Sánchez I | | Pedro Sánchez (2018–present) | [45] [46] |
| | José Guirao (1959–2022) | 14 June 2018 | 13 January 2020 | 1 year and 213 days | | Independent | Sánchez I | | Pedro Sánchez (2018–present) | [47] [48] |
| | José Manuel Rodríguez Uribes (born 1968) | 13 January 2020 | 12 July 2021 | 1 year and 180 days | | PSOE | Sánchez II | | Pedro Sánchez (2018–present) | [49] [50] |
| | Miquel Iceta (born 1960) | 12 July 2021 | 21 November 2023 | 2 years and 132 days | | PSC–PSOE | Sánchez II | | Pedro Sánchez (2018–present) | [51] [52] |
| | Ernest Urtasun (born 1982) | 21 November 2023 | Incumbent | 321 days | | CatComú | Sánchez III | | Pedro Sánchez (2018–present) | |

## Awards given out

Established in 1975 and first presented in 1976, the Ministry of Culture awards the Miguel de Cervantes Prize each year to honor the lifetime achievement of an outstanding writer in the Spanish language.
Ministry of Culture also awards various other National Prizes.