OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Secession in Turkey

Secession in Turkey is a phenomenon caused by the desire of a number of minorities living in Turkey to secede and form independent national states.

## Kurdish separatism

At the beginning of the 21st century, the Kurds remain the largest of the groups without their own statehood. The Treaty of Sèvres between Ottoman Empire and Triple Entente (1920) provided for the creation of an independent Kurdistan. However, this agreement never entered into force and was cancelled after the signing of the Treaty of Lausanne (1923). In the 1920s and 1930s, Kurds several times unsuccessfully rebelled against the Turkish authorities.
In August 1984, the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) declared war on the Turkish authorities, which continues today. Until 1993, the PKK made the most radical demand – the proclamation of a single and independent Kurdistan, uniting the Kurdish territories that are now part of the state borders of Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Syria.
Since 1999, the PKK has put forward requirements that are close and understandable to the bulk of the Kurdish population, namely: granting autonomy, preserving national identity, practical equalization of Kurds in rights with the Turks, opening of national schools and introduction of Kurdish TV and radio broadcasting.
* Kurds of Central Anatolia
* Kurdish languages map
* Turkish Kurdistan

## Armenian separatism

Western Armenia (Western Armenian: Արեւմտեան Հայաստան, Arevmdian Hayasdan), located in Western Asia, is a term used to refer to eastern parts of Turkey (formerly the Ottoman Empire) that were part of the historical homeland of the Armenians. Western Armenia, also referred to as Byzantine Armenia, emerged following the division of Greater Armenia between the Byzantine Empire (Western Armenia) and Sassanid Persia (Eastern Armenia) in 387 AD.
The area was conquered by the Ottomans in the 16th century during the Ottoman–Safavid War (1532–1555) against their Iranian Safavid arch-rivals. Being passed on from the former to the latter, Ottoman rule over the region became only decisive after the Ottoman–Safavid War of 1623–1639. The area then became known as Turkish Armenia or Ottoman Armenia. During the 19th century, the Russian Empire conquered all of Eastern Armenia from Iran, and also some parts of Turkish Armenia, such as Kars. The region's Armenian population was affected during the Hamidian massacres.
The Armenian population was largely emptied from this region during the Armenian Genocide, such that only assimilated and crypto-Armenians live in the area today. Some irredentist Armenians claim it as part of United Armenia. The most notable political party with these views is the Armenian Revolutionary Federation.
# Matapédia station

Matapédia station is a Via Rail station in Matapédia, Quebec, Canada. Matapédia is the junction between two rail lines. The east-west former Intercolonial Railway mainline from Halifax to Rivière-du-Loup is joined from the east by a line running along the south coast of the Gaspé Peninsula to the town of Gaspé.
As a result, Matapédia was where two Via Rail routes diverged en route to their eastern termini, whereas they converged when heading westbound. The 6 day/week Halifax-Montreal Ocean and 3 day/week Montreal – Gaspé train operated as one train between Matapédia and Montreal in the winter time when each separate train has fewer cars.
Since the 2004, introduction of Renaissance cars (the former Nightstar trains from the UK) on the Ocean both trains operated separately between Matapédia and Montreal during the summer when each train was longer. Service to Gaspé was interrupted in 2013 and has not resumed however there have been recent attempts to resuscitate it.
When operating separately, the Montreal – Gaspé train ran several minutes ahead of the Ocean toward Montreal. When combined, the trains ran together as far as Matapédia before the Ocean continued to Halifax, Nova Scotia and the Montreal – Gaspé train proceeded to Gaspé.
The Canadian National Railway station is a designated Heritage Railway Station, under the Heritage Railway Stations Protection Act.
# Anthony John Clarke

Anthony John Clarke is a Northern Irish-born singer-songwriter for some time based in Liverpool but now living in Southport. Playing solo, duo or with a band, Clarke has played at folk clubs and festivals all over the UK and beyond, and he has a number of albums to his name including An Acquaintance Of Mine, Man with a Red Guitar and Sing A Chorus With Me (best of compilation album).
Amongst his best known songs are "The Broken Years" (about The Troubles), "The Only Life Gloria Knows" (about homelessness), and "Tuesday Night Is Always Karaoke". Many of his songs can be found in the book "The Songs of Anthony John Clarke".
# Arild Rypdal

Arild Rypdal (23 September 1934 – 14 May 2015) was a Norwegian author, pilot and engineer. He is famous for his MI6 stories from England. He commonly uses many characters in a story without having a clear main character.
# Sarcey, Rhône

Sarcey (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Rhône department in eastern France.
# Meno (disambiguation)

Meno is a Socratic dialogue written by Plato.
Meno may also refer to:

## Places

* Meno, Oklahoma, United States

## People

* Meno, a transliteration of the Ancient Greek name Menon
* Jenni Meno (born 1970), American figure skater
* Joe Meno (born 1974), American fiction writer
* Meno Burg (1789-1853), Jewish Prussian military officer

## Other uses

* Meno (general), the Thessalian general and title character in Plato's Meno
* Meno's slave, a character in Plato's Meno
* meno, a musical term meaning less, as in meno mosso (less quickly); see Tempo § Common qualifiers
# Mystrocneme albicorpus

Mystrocneme albicorpus is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by William James Kaye in 1911. It is found in Guyana.
# Nicias (disambiguation)

Nicias (c. 470–413 BC) was an Athenian politician and general during the Peloponnesian War. The name may also refer to:
* Nicias (Indo-Greek king) (r. 90–85 BC), Indo-Greek king in modern-day Pakistan
* Nicias of Kos (died c. 20 BC), Greek tyrant of the island of Kos
* Nicias of Miletus (4th–3rd century BC), ancient Greek physician and epigrammatist
* Nicias (beetle) (Nicias alurnoides), a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae
# Nadezhda Simonyan

Nadezhda Simonyan (February 26, 1922 - June 7, 1997) was a Russian composer, who wrote over 40 film scores for movies, radio, and television, as well as chamber and orchestral works, and music for circus performances.
Simonyan was born in Rostov-on-the-Don. She studied composition and piano at Leningrad Conservatory, where she received a diploma in 1950 and earned a medal. Her teachers included Oles Chishko and Venedikt Pushkov.
In 1956, Simonyan wrote her first film soundtrack for Old Man Khottabych, a children's film by Gennadii Kazanskii. Peter Rollberg described Simonyan's strength as a composer as a “. . . warm melodiousness that equally energizes cheerful, dramatic, and tragic episodes with a pragmatic, flexible approach to instrumentation.” In 1960, Italian film maker Federico Fellini praised her soundtrack for the movie Lady with the Dog. She often used smaller chamber orchestras, sometimes with folk instruments, for her film scores.

## Chamber

* Sonata (violin and piano)

## Circus

* incidental music

## Film scores

* Adventures of Prince Florizel
* Chief of Chukotka
* Day of Happiness
* Duel
* Fifth Quarter
* Flying Carpet
* For No Apparent Reason
* Green Dale
* In the Town of S
* Izhora Battalion
* Lady with the Dog
* Lyalka-Ruslan and His Friend Sanka
* Nights of Farewell (with Yuri Prokoviev)
* Old Man Khottabych
* Only One
* Pani Mariya
* Sinful Angel
* Smart Things
* Snow Queen
* Strict Male Life
* Twelve Months
* Two Lines in Small Font
* Vesenniye Perevyortyshi
* While the Mountains Still Stand

## Orchestra

* Concerto for Piano and Orchestra

## Piano

* pieces

## Radio scores

* Golden Apples
* On the Bank of Sevan
* Story of Turkey
* Three Bears
* Year of My Birth

## Vocal

* Lake Sevan Cantata
* romances
* songs
# Track and field at the 2011 Military World Games – Men's 200 metres

The men's 200 metres event at the 2011 Military World Games was held on 22 and 23 July at the Estádio Olímpico João Havelange.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and CISM record were as follows:
| World Record | Usain Bolt (JAM) | 19.19 | Berlin, Germany | 20 August 2009 |
| CISM World Record | Alessandro Cavallaro (ITA) | 20.56 | Hyderabad, India | 17 October 2007 |

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Round |
| 22 July 2011 | | Round 1 |
| 22 July 2011 | | Semifinals |
| 23 July 2011 | 09:25 | Final |

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Femi Seun Ogunode Qatar | Aziz Ouhadi Morocco | Joel Tapia Dominican Republic |

## Results
### Final

Wind: +1.2 m/s
| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | 5 | Femi Seun Ogunode | Qatar | 20.46 | CR |
| | 3 | Aziz Ouhadi | Morocco | 20.62 | |
| | 4 | Joel Tapia | Dominican Republic | 20.88 | |
| 4 | 2 | Nilson André | Brazil | 20.91 | |
| 5 | 6 | Omar Alsalfa | United Arab Emirates | 20.92 | |
| 6 | 8 | Ailson Feitosa | Brazil | 21.26 | |
| 7 | 7 | Kamil Masztak | Poland | 21.32 | |
| 8 | 1 | Roberto Donati | Italy | 21.69 | |
# Secession Makes Post-Modern Music

Secession Makes Post-Modern Music is the first, self-produced demo by Italian band Klimt 1918. It was released in 2000.
This first release features a heavy and layered gothic sound, very atmospheric yet melodic, drawing consistent influence from doom metal and reminiscent of Novembre (whose members are featured on the recording) and mid-period Katatonia.

## Track listing

* "Schmerzwerk 1976" – 5:46
* "Passive" – 5:41
* "Fever" – 5:17
* "Swallow's Supremacy" – 6:03
* "April" – 9:38

## Personnel

* Marco Soellner — vocals, guitar
* Francesco Tumbarello — guitar
* Davide Pesola— bass
* Paolo Soellner — drums
* Giuseppe Orlando — clean vocals on track 4
* Carmelo Orlando — scream vocals
* Massimiliano Pagliuso — backing vocals
# List of ship commissionings in 2014

The list of ship commissionings in 2014 includes a chronological list of all ships commissioned in 2014.
| | Operator | Ship | Class and type | Pennant |
| 8 January | People's Liberation Army Navy | Ji'an | Type 056 corvette | 586 |
| 15 January | Vietnam People's Navy | Hà Nội | Kilo-class submarine | HQ-182 |
| 27 January | United States Navy | Coronado | Independence-class littoral combat ship | LCS-4 |
| 1 March | United States Navy | Somerset | San Antonio-class amphibious transport dock | LPD-25 |
| 21 March | People's Liberation Army Navy | Kunming | Type 052D destroyer | 172 |
| 4 April | Vietnam People's Navy | Hồ Chí Minh City | Kilo-class submarine | HQ-183 |
| 2 May | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | Reuben Lasker | Oscar Dyson-class fisheries research ship | R 228 |
| 28 May | Russian Navy | Stoikiy | Steregushchy-class corvette | |
| 27 July | Russian Navy | Grad Sviyazhsk | Buyan-class corvette | |
| 27 July | Russian Navy | Uglich | Buyan-class corvette | |
| 22 August | Russian Navy | Novorossiysk | Kilo-class submarine | B-261 |
| 11 October | United States Navy | America | America-class amphibious assault ship | LHA-6 |
| 25 October | United States Navy | North Dakota | Virginia-class submarine | SSN-784 |
| 28 November | Royal Australian Navy | Canberra | Canberra-class landing helicopter dock | L02 |
| 19 December | Russian Navy | Veliki Ustyug | Buyan-class corvette | |
| 19 December | Russian Navy | Vladimir Monomakh | Borei-class submarine | K-551 |
| 22 December | People's Liberation Army Navy | Jinan | Type 052C destroyer | 152 |
| 30 December | Russian Navy | Rostov-on-Don | Kilo-class submarine | B-237 |
# Antistar

Antistar may refer to:
* "Antistar", a song on the 100th Window studio album from the music group Massive Attack
* Antistar, an orientation diametrically opposite the direction of a star sometimes used when describing the direction of a comet's tail
* Louise Brooks: Portrait of an Anti-star, a 1977 book about actress Louise Brooks
* AntiStar (album), a 2003 album by Marshmallow Coast
* Nordend Antistars, a group featuring singer Stephan Weidner
* "Anti-star", a nickname of musician, singer, composer, and film-maker Kevin Coyne
* Anti-StAR, an antibody for the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR)
* Anti-star, a conjectured type of star formed from antimatter
# Londuimbali

Londuimbali or Londuimbale is a town and municipality in the province of Huambo, Angola. The municipality had a population of 134,254 in 2014.
# Tyler Olson

Tyler Olson may refer to:
* Tyler Olson (politician) (born 1976), American politician from Iowa
* Tyler Olson (baseball) (born 1989), American baseball player
# Nictaux Falls

Nictaux Falls is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in Annapolis County on Nova Scotia Route 10, immediately south of Nictaux.
# Asherville

Asherville may refer to:
* Asherville, Indiana, an unincorporated community
* Asherville, Kansas, an unincorporated community
* Asherville, Missouri, an unincorporated community
* Asherville, Durban, a residential area in Durban, South Africa
# Arthur Brooks

Arthur Brooks may refer to:
* Arthur C. Brooks (born 1964), American social scientist
* Arthur Raymond Brooks (1895–1991), World War I flying ace
* Arthur Brooks (ice hockey) (1892–1987), Canadian ice hockey player
* Arthur Brooks (politician) (1936–2021), member of the Ohio House of Representatives
* Arthur Brooks (singer) (1933–2015), American soul singer and songwriter, in The Impressions
* Arthur Brooks (footballer) (1891–1976), English footballer
# Anjanur

Anjanur is a panchayat village in Gobichettipalayam taluk in Erode District of Tamil Nadu state, India. It is about 27 km from Gobichettipalayam and 60 km from district headquarters Erode. The village is located on the road connecting Gobichettipalayam with Punjai Puliampatti. Anjanur has a population of about 4302.
# List of ship commissionings in 2015

The list of ship commissionings in 2015 includes a chronological list of all ships commissioned in 2015.
| | Operator | Ship | Flag | Class and type | Pennant | Other notes |
| 9 March | Islamic Republic of Iran Navy | Damavand | | Moudge-class frigate | 77 | |
# Thomas Wood (British Army officer)

General Thomas Wood FRS (1804 – 23 October 1872) was a British Army officer and a Conservative politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1837 to 1847.

## Early life

Wood was born the son of Thomas Wood MP for Breconshire and Lady Caroline Stewart. His younger brother, Sir Charles Alexander Wood, married Sophia Ann Brownrigg (a daughter of John Studholme Brownrigg, a prominent merchant and MP for Boston).
His paternal grandparents were Thomas Wood (eldest son of Thomas Wood, MP for Middlesex) and Mary Williams (daughter and heiress of Sir Edward Williams, 5th Baronet). His maternal grandparents were Robert Stewart, 1st Marquess of Londonderry and Frances Stewart, Marchioness of Londonderry (daughter of the Whig politician Charles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden).
He was educated at Harrow School. He lived at Littleton, Middlesex, and at Gwernyfed Park, Breconshire, Wales.

## Career

He became an officer in the Grenadier Guards. He commanded the 3rd Battalion Grenadier Guards in the early stages of the Crimean War (1853–56) and reached the rank of General.
In 1837 he was elected Member of Parliament for Middlesex. He held the seat until 1847. Also in 1841 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.

## Personal life

On 6 July 1848, Wood married Frances Smyth (d. 1892), daughter of John Henry Smyth and Lady Elizabeth Anne FitzRoy (a daughter George FitzRoy, 4th Duke of Grafton). Together, they were the parents of:
* Caroline Elizabeth Wood (b. 1850)
* Mary Isabella Wood (b. 1852)
* Thomas Wood (1853–1933), a Col. in the Grenadier Guards who married Hon. Rhona Cecily Emily Tollemache, daughter of John Tollemache, 1st Baron Tollemache, in 1883.
* Laura Lavinia Wood (1854–1938), who married Sir Henry Charles John Bunbury, 10th Baronet, son of Col. Henry William St Pierre Bunbury, in 1884.
* William Henry Wood (1857–1923), a Reverend.
* Ruth Francis Wood (b. 1859), who married Edward Cyril Newcome.
* Charles John Wood (1862–1902), who married Mary Ashton Oxenden in 1891.
He died on 23 October 1872, aged 68. His widow died on 7 December 1892.
# Tony Messenger

Tony Messenger is a Pulitzer Prize-winning columnist for the St. Louis Post-Dispatch.

## Education and career

Messenger is a native of Littleton, Colorado, and attended Loyola University Chicago.
Messenger began his journalism career at the Yuma Pioneer in Yuma, Colorado. He moved to Missouri in 1999 and worked as a columnist and editor at the Columbia Daily Tribune until 2006. He was editorial page editor of the Springfield News-Leader until 2008.
In 2008, Messenger joined the Jefferson City bureau of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch as a capital correspondent and political columnist. He was named editorial page editor for the St. Louis Post-Dispatch in July 2012 and became a metro columnist in September 2016.
Messenger and colleague Kevin Horrigan were named finalists for the 2015 Pulitzer Prize for Commentary. They were cited "for editorials that brought insight and context to the national tragedy of Ferguson, MO, without losing sight of the community's needs."
In 2019, Messenger won the Pulitzer Prize for Commentary "for bold columns that exposed the malfeasance and injustice of forcing poor rural Missourians charged with misdemeanor crimes to pay unaffordable fines or be sent to jail."
Messenger's work has also been recognized by the Society of Professional Journalists, the American Society of New Editors and the Scripps Howard Foundation. In 2016 he was awarded the Missouri Honor Medal for Distinguished Service in Journalism by the University of Missouri School of Journalism.

## Awards

* 2019 Pulitzer Prize for Commentary
* 2016 Missouri Honor Medal for Distinguished Service in Journalism
* 2015 Finalist for Pulitzer Prize for Commentary (with Kevin Horrigan)
* 2014 Sigma Delta Chi Award for Editorial Writing
* 2014 American Society of News Editors Burl Osborne Editorial Leadership Award
* 2014 Scripps Howard Foundation Walker Stone Editorial writing Award (with Kevin Horrigan)
# Lorelly Wilson

Lorelly Wilson is a British chemist, educator and founder of Chemistry with Cabbage, hands-on workshops to inspire students to study science. She is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry and was awarded an MBE in 2016 for services to education.
Wilson began her career at Imperial Chemical Industries before starting to work in education outreach, running workshops for schools and working with the Royal Society of Chemistry to develop educational resources for teachers. Chair of the British Science Association's North West branch, Wilson runs SciBar events across the region, inviting experts to pubs and bars to bring science to the general public.
In her spare time Wilson plays the viola and is the editor for a talking newspaper for people who are blind or partially sighted.
# Among the Believers

Among the Believers: An Islamic Journey is a book by the Nobel laureate V. S. Naipaul. Published in 1981, the book describes a six-month journey across the Asian continent after the Iranian Revolution. V.S. Naipaul explores the culture and the explosive situation in countries where Islamic fundamentalism was growing. His travels start with Iran, on to Pakistan, Malaysia and end in Indonesia, with a short stop in Pakistan and Iran on the return to the UK.

## Purpose

The proposed aim of the author was to study cultures which have a long pre-Islamic history and their modern attempts to establish a religious state. Naipaul does not include Arab countries as he is interested in "converted peoples".

## Travels

Iran: he went to Iran just after the revolution and could listen to all the mixed voices, guided around the holy places like Qom by a communist, Behzad. Ayatollah Sadegh Khalkhali is interviewed.
Pakistan: His earlier book An Area of Darkness was banned in India, and here he gives a controversial portrait of Pakistan. Naipaul's views on Islam in the Indian sub-continent have been contested by William Dalrymple, for example.
Malaysia: Naipaul meets with the famous Anwar Ibrahim, when he is a rising star. Anwar had been to Iran and met Ayatollah Khomeini, and he wanted to awake Malaysian people.
Indonesia: He describes the Indonesian history, how the Japanese "liberated" them and how they later fought the Dutch until free. Islam in Indonesia is mixed with former beliefs and there are forces that want to make Islam more pure. He meet poets in Jakarta and he make a trip to visit the Koranic schools, called pesantren. All in all he does a very deep portrait of Indonesia.

## Reception

A controversial work, this has been one of Naipaul's better-selling publications. It has been translated into German, Italian and Spanish.
After the book's publication, Naipaul was awarded the Jerusalem Prize.
In 1998 Naipaul published a sequel Beyond Belief: Islamic Excursions among the Converted Peoples.
# Sparganopseustis garlaczi

Sparganopseustis garlaczi is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Cotopaxi Province, Ecuador.
The wingspan is 26 mm.

## Etymology

The species is named in honour of Dr. Rafał Garlacz who collected the species.
# Nictoglobe

Nictoglobe is an online art magazine. Its international contributors are working in arts related fields, such as (digital) writing, painting, poetry and activism. Nictoglobe is edited and published by A. Andreas (Andreas Maria Jacobs) who was born in the Netherlands in 1956.

## Early years

Nictoglobe started sometime in 1982 as a stenciled paper, exclusively and privately distributed on the local night bus service in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Copies of these first printings are available at the International Institute of Social History (IISG) in Amsterdam. The printed edition was followed up by electronic editions on Bulletin Board Systems. Later editions were put on MSXII systems, and finally on TeleText modules.

## Internet era

With the arrival of ARPAnet in Europe in the late 80s, new editions were placed on the Internet. New collaborations include the 'Ey Ar' shows and the founding of the Brahamian Intelligence Service in 2004.
In summer 2007, Nictoglobe organized @ De Balie - Centre for Culture and Politics, Amsterdam, using free publicly accessible open source software tools, developed and provided by de Balie, a DIY CoolMediaHotTalkShow about 'Creative Resistance, New Media as Soft Arms'.

## Other projects

Nictoglobe created La Resocialista Internacional a poetical multi-lingual website which also goes under the original Dutch title: Burgerwaanzin.nl. This project gained some global attention expressed by its inclusion in new media festivals a.o File Festival São Paulo (2011), File Rio (2012), Brazil and the European Anthology of Electronic Writing, ELMCIP Blekinge Institute of Technology, Sweden (2012)
The netart project Semantic Disturbances (2007 - 2012), included in different new-media art related periodicals: Web del Sol, US, Hyperrhiz, US and collections such as Runme.org UK, Rhizome's Artbase, US and the Electronic Literature Collection Volume 2, Electronic Literature Organization US (2010)
11 Ways to escape the symbolic Field, experimental electronic poems using internet driven imagery was featured at ISEA 2012 in Albuquerque, New Mexico US after its first live performance at Stichting Perdu Amsterdam (2011) and will be featured at the ELO Conference/Festival Chercher le Texte in Paris, France (2013)

## Friction Research

Nictoglobe publishes (almost) yearly a themed special on new media practices, Friction Research.
* 2011 Friction Research #4: Reclaim the Mind
* 2010 Friction Research #3: Art is not about Communication
* 2009 Friction Research #2: Investigating Ruptures in the Art-Political Grid
* 2007 Friction Research #1: Creative Resistance, New Media as soft Arms