OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# R v Asante-Mensah

R v Asante-Mensah, [2003] 2 S.C.R. 3, 2003 SCC 38, is a leading Supreme Court of Canada decision where the Court affirmed the limits to which private citizens may undertake an arrest, as well as the limits of private individuals in the use of force to protect property. This case holds particular importance as the prevalence of private security has become increasingly popular across Canada.

## Background

Daniel Asante-Mensah was a "scooper," a type of Toronto taxi driver that picks up fares from the Pearson International Airport without the proper permit authorized under the Ontario Trespass to Property Act. He collected passengers from the airport and, on numerous occasions, received notice under section 3 of the Act that he was prohibited from entering onto airport property on penalty of trespass.
To control the problem of "scoopers," the airport authorities instructed the airport inspectors to undertake citizen's arrest under section 9 of the Act. One of the inspectors attempted to arrest Asante-Mensah by touching his shoulder and informing him that he was under arrest and would be detained until the police arrived. Asante-Mensah attempted to get into his car but was blocked by the inspector. However, Asante-Mensah responded by shoving the car door into the inspector, which gave him room to get into his car and he drove off.
At trial, the judge held that there was no arrest as the inspector was not authorized to use "reasonable force." The verdict was overturned on appeal. Asante-Mensah tried to challenge the law under section 7 and section 9 of the Charter but it was rejected and was not appealed on.

## Opinion of the Court

The Supreme Court, in a unanimous decision, held that the inspector had properly arrested Asante-Mensah. In reference to R. v. Whitfield, the Court held that a citizen's arrest at common law allows for a use of "reasonable force". This includes reasonable force necessary to undertake the arrest and maintain it.
# R v Attorney General for England and Wales

"R" v Attorney General for England and Wales [2003] UKPC 22 is a New Zealand contract law case, heard by the Privy Council acting as the final court of appeal of New Zealand and not as part of the judiciary of the UK, relating to duress and undue influence.

## Facts

After the Gulf War, a Special Air Service soldier of the Bravo Two Zero patrol, known in the proceedings as "R", was told to sign a confidentiality agreement or be demoted. He signed. Then he returned to New Zealand. He got a publishing contract for his memoirs, about material in the Gulf War.
The New Zealand Court of Appeal denied an injunction, but allowed an account of profits and an assessment of damages for breach of contract. R appealed to the Privy Council, contending that he was under duress when he signed the contract, given the threat of demotion. Additionally R contended that the contract was signed under undue influence, given the position of the MOD in relation to him.

## Advice

The Privy Council advised that the contract was not avoidable for duress. Lord Hoffmann said there was no illegitimate pressure, so no duress. That first element is "pressure amounting to compulsion of the will of the victim and the second was the illegitimacy of the pressure".
   Generally speaking, the threat of any form of unlawful action will be regarded as illegitimate. On the other hand, the fact that the threat is lawful does not necessarily make the pressure legitimate. As Lord Atkin said in Thorne v Motor Trade Association [1937] AC 797, 806, ‘The ordinary blackmailer normally threatens to do what he has a perfect right to do - namely, communicate some compromising conduct to a person whose knowledge is likely to affect the person threatened… What he has to justify is not the threat, but the demand of money.'
In addition, the court reviewed whether a type of relationship existed between the Crown and the Ministry of Defence that raised the presumption of undue influence. The court found that such a relationship had in law arisen but went on to state that, for this presumption to arise, there must be a transaction that requires explanation. They held that this was not a transaction that required explanation.
# Lady Frances Brudenell

Lady Frances Brudenell (before 1677 – 23 February 1735/36), Countess of Newburgh, was an Irish aristocrat known as the subject of a satire in which she was portrayed as the leader of a society of lesbians.
She was the daughter of Francis Brudenell, Lord Brudenell and Lady Frances Savile. She married twice, first to Charles Livingston, 2nd Earl of Newburgh (1692–1694, becoming Countess of Newburgh), then to Richard Bellew, 3rd Baron Bellew of Duleek (1695–1715, becoming Baroness Bellew of Duleek).
She was also rumoured to have had an unrecognised marriage to Sir Thomas Smyth.
Lady Frances was the subject (under the pseudonym "Myra") of a series of love poems published by George Granville, 1st Baron Lansdowne from 1712.
She was the subject of a debt action brought by an Oxford don, William King (nephew of Sir Thomas Smyth), who alleged she owed him several thousand pounds. He lost the case and in revenge, in 1732, wrote a satire against her, entitled "The Toast", which portrayed her as a promiscuous bisexual witch and lesbian named "Myra", and alleged that she ruled "a social circle of tribades in Dublin", her primary lover being Lady Margaret Allen. It is notable for an early use of the word lesbian in the modern sense.
She had several children including a daughter, Charlotte Maria Livingston (1694–1755), and a son, John Bellew, 4th Baron Bellew of Duleek (1702–1770).
She died on 23 February 1735/36 in Dublin, Ireland, and was buried in St. Audoen's Church, Dublin.
# La trepadora

La trepadora ("The Climber") is a 1944 Mexican film. It stars Sara García.
# St. Lawrence and Hudson Railway

The St. Lawrence and Hudson Railway (reporting mark STLH) was a wholly owned subsidiary of the Canadian Pacific Railway.
The StL&H arose out of a corporate reorganization at CPR that was announced on November 21, 1995. CPR wished to spin off its "eastern operating unit" into an operating railway company as a means to control poor financial performance of its assets in eastern North America.
   A new management group responsible for the company's operations in the east, including the Delaware & Hudson Railway, will be headquartered in Montreal. The eastern unit will be responsible for turning the railway's operations between Montreal to Chicago and the U.S. Northeast into the most efficient, low-cost provider of railway services in the region. The new eastern unit will allow the railway to aggressively address the persistent losses it has sustained on its operations in the region. Its creation follows earlier efforts to merge with CN in the east and to acquire CN's eastern operations. The new unit will have autonomy to determine its own equipment requirements, network rationalization and labour relationships.
The new wholly owned subsidiary was named the St. Lawrence & Hudson Railway Company Limited and became operational on October 1, 1996, taking control of all CPR assets from Quebec City to Chicago (CPR trackage and trackage rights), and from Montreal to Washington, D.C. (Delaware and Hudson Railway), thus the D&H became a StL&H subsidiary.
The company name reflected its geographic region of operations - the St. Lawrence River valley and the Hudson River valley.
The StL&H was given a dedicated management team and the authorization to undertake radical measures to reverse financial losses. Within one year the financial picture was reversed and CPR announced its intention to continue ownership of the SL&H assets.
On January 1, 2001, the StL&H assets were transferred back to CPR ownership and the StL&H was dissolved. The D&H, being the CPR's corporate face in the northeastern United States, remained legally intact.
# St. Lawrence Township, Scott County, Minnesota

St. Lawrence Township is a township in Scott County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 492 at the 2020 census.

## History

St. Lawrence Township was organized in 1858.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has an area of 14.9 square miles (38.6 km$^2$), of which 14.4 square miles (37.3 km$^2$) is land and 0.5 square mile (1.2 km$^2$) (3.16%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, the township had 472 people, 144 households, and 128 families. The population density was 32.7 inhabitants per square mile (12.6/km$^2$). There were 147 housing units at an average density of 10.2/sq mi (3.9/km$^2$). The township's racial makeup was 96.61% White, 1.06% Native American, 1.06% Asian, 1.06% from other races, and 0.21% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.48% of the population.
There were 144 households, of which 45.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 82.6% were married couples living together, 2.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 11.1% were non-families. 8.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 1.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.28 and the average family size was 3.45.
32.6% of the township's population was under age 18, 5.1% was from age 18 to 24, 32.6% was from age 25 to 44, 25.4% was from age 45 to 64, and 4.2% was age 65 or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 113.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112.0 males.
The township's median household income was $66,750, and the median family income was $67,375. Males had a median income of $43,625 versus $32,708 for females. The township's per capita income was $23,825. None of the families and 0.8% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no one under age 18 or over age 64.
# Lagoon Secondary School, Lekki

The Lagoon School is a private all-girls primary and secondary school located in Lekki, in Lagos State, Nigeria. It has about seven hundred students in the secondary section and about two hundred and fifty pupils in the primary section and a hundred members of staff.

## History

The school was established in September 1995 in Surulere and later moved to Lekki.

## Mentoring Program

As part of the school activities, the school recently organized this program to assist their wards in area of Music and Art. The program is fashioned as an eye opener to the students and also to bring the curiosity about the world outside the four corners of the school.
# List of places in Baden-Württemberg

This is a list of geographical features in the state of Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

## Mountains

* Black Forest (including Feldberg)
* Odenwald
* Spessart
* Swabian Alb

## Rivers

* Danube
* Iller
* Main
* Neckar
* Rhine
* Tauber

## Lakes

* Lake Constance

## Miscellaneous

* Aachtopf
* Mainau

## Cities

see List of cities in Germany
# Laffy

Laffy is the surname of:
* Gerry Laffy (born 1960), English singer and guitarist
* Michael Laffy (born 1967), former Australian rules footballer and contestant on the Australian reality TV show The Mole
* Simon Laffy (born 1958), English bassist
# Laffoon

Laffoon is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ky Laffoon (1908–1984), American golfer
* Polk Laffoon (1844–1906), American politician
* Reuben Laffoon (1854–1929), Washington state pioneer and lawyer
* Ruby Laffoon (1869–1941), American politician
# List of states and union territories of India by television ownership

This is a list of the States of India ranked in order of percentage of households having a television set. On March 13, 2012, the Ministry of Home Affairs of the government of India released comprehensive data under "Houselisting and Housing Census" which was collected as part of the Decennial Census exercise conducted in 2011. The Census of India 2001 results have also been provided for comparison. Delhi has the highest percentage of TV ownership amongst union territories with 88 percent and Tamil Nadu has the highest TV ownership amongst states with 87 percent. Dadra and Nagar Haveli have the lowest percentage of TV ownership amongst union territories with 47 percent and Bihar has the lowest TV ownership amongst states with 14.5 percent.
Between 2001 and 2011, percentage of Indian household owning a television set increased from 31.6% (in 2001) to 47.2% (in 2011).

## List

| Number | State | Television ownership (%) (Census 2011) | Census (2001) |
| 1 | Delhi | 88.0 | 74.5 |
| 2 | Tamil Nadu | 87.0 | 39.5 |
| 3 | Punjab | 81.7 | 67.7 |
| 4 | Chandigarh | 82.5 | 73.9 |
| 5 | Kerala | 76.8 | 38.8 |
| 6 | Himachal Pradesh | 74.4 | 53.3 |
| 7 | Andaman and Nicobar Islands | 68.5 | 52.4 |
| 8 | Haryana | 67.9 | 53.0 |
| 9 | Lakshadweep | 64.1 | 33.4 |
| 10 | Uttarakhand | 62.0 | 42.9 |
| 11 | Daman and Diu | 61.0 | 49.3 |
| 12 | Karnataka | 60.0 | 37.0 |
| 13 | Andhra Pradesh (includes Telangana) | 58.8 | 31.5 |
| 14 | Maharashtra | 56.6 | 44.1 |
| 15 | Mizoram | 55.1 | 48.3 |
| 16 | Sikkim | 54.7 | 30.9 |
| 17 | Gujarat | 53.8 | 38.7 |
| 18 | Jammu and Kashmir | 51.0 | 40.7 |
| 19 | Manipur | 47.4 | 24.2 |
| Overall | India | 47.2 | 31.6 |
| 20 | Dadra and Nagar Haveli | 47.2 | 27.8 |
| 21 | Tripura | 44.9 | 23.7 |
| 22 | Arunachal Pradesh | 41.1 | 25.7 |
| 23 | Nagaland | 37.9 | 18.1 |
| 24 | Rajasthan | 37.6 | 28.1 |
| 25 | West Bengal | 35.3 | 26.6 |
| 26 | Meghalaya | 33.7 | 20.9 |
| 27 | Uttar Pradesh | 33.2 | 25.0 |
| 28 | Madhya Pradesh | 32.1 | 29.6 |
| 29 | Chhattisgarh | 31.3 | 21.5 |
| 30 | Assam | 27.5 | 18.3 |
| 31 | Jharkhand | 26.8 | 17.2 |
| 32 | Odisha | 26.7 | 15.5 |
| 33 | Bihar | 14.5 | 9.1 |
# Raffaele Illiano

Raffaele Illiano (born February 11, 1977, in Naples) is an Italian professional road racing cyclist.

## Palmares
### 2003

    1st, Giro del Lago Maggiore
    Tour du Sénégal, 2 stages

### 2004

    1st, GP Bradlo
    1st on 6 and 8 stages Tour'd Sénégal
    Win Prolog Tour'd Senegal
    Classifica Intergiro del Giro d'Italia

### 2008

    1st, Stage 2, Tirreno–Adriatico

## After retirement

Raffaele Illiano was arrested on 30 August 2011 for his involvement in a doping scandal.
# Rafael Vieira

Rafael Vieira may refer to:
* Rafael Vieira (footballer, born 1992), Portuguese football centre-back
* Rafael Vieira (footballer, born 1995), Brazilian football centre-back
# St Helen's Church, St Helens, Isle of Wight

50°42′21″N 01°06′55″W﻿ / ﻿50.70583°N 1.11528°W﻿ / 50.70583; -1.11528
St. Helen's Church, St. Helens is a parish church in the Church of England located in St Helens on the Isle of Wight.

## History

A priory at St Helens was founded after the Norman Conquest by French Benedictine monks. The previous Saxon church was rebuilt in Norman style to serve both the local parish and the new priory. The church was dedicated to St Helena, and the nearby village in due course was known by this name. The tower was added in the 13th century during the reign of Henry III.
The Benedictine priory was dissolved in 1414. Henry VI granted the priory lands to Eton College on its foundation in 1440, and the college owned it until 1799.
The original church of St. Helens was in a bad state as far back as the 16th century, according to the presentment of George Oglander, the centoner of St. Helens. By the 18th century it had become so ruinous that a new church was built and the old church allowed to go to ruin. The tower, a 13th-century structure, was the only part left standing, and can still be seen today. The garden at the rear of the old Church tower was the parish burial ground from the time of the first church until the 18th century. The tower was bricked up and painted white as a seamark for Navy ships in 1719.
Apocryphal tales suggest that stones from the old church were often taken to be used to clean the decks of sailing ships, giving rise to the practice known as ‘holy-stoning’ the decks.
Cromwell's Commissioners reported in 1656 that the "Church is washed by the sea to the foundations; fearing the fall thereof there have been endeavours to secure it with great charge". They recommended that "it be taken down ere it fall and set up in the midst of the Parish." It was sixty years before the new church was finally constructed safely inland.

## St Helens New Church

The new church was built in 1717 about a mile inland. In 1831 the church was rebuilt, and in 1862 a new chancel was erected. The present church is a stone structure with brick dressings, and consists of an aisleless nave, with transepts, a chancel, and west tower with one bell. There is a mural tablet to Sir Nash Grose, who died in 1814, and his son Edward.

### Organ

There was an organ was built in 1864 by Gray & Davison. A specification of the organ can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register. This organ has been replaced by a larger instrument by Willis and Sons.
# St Helen's Church, Selston

53°04′30″N 01°19′02″W﻿ / ﻿53.07500°N 1.31722°W﻿ / 53.07500; -1.31722
St. Helen's Church, Selston is a parish church in the Church of England in Selston, Nottinghamshire.
The church is Grade II* listed by the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport as it is a particularly significant building of more than local interest.

## History

The church is medieval but was restored in 1899 and a north aisle added.
In the churchyard there is a monolith of the type found in Derbyshire stone circles which suggests that the site was used for pagan worship before the church was built. The churchyard houses the grave of Daniel Boswell King of the Gypsies.

## Parish structure

St. Helen's Church has a daughter church of St. Mary's Church, Westwood.

## Organ

The church contains an organ by Henry Groves dating from 2010. A specification of the organ can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register.

## Incumbents

* 1176 Adam
* 1244 Roger del Clay
* 1252 Verasour de Wansley
* 1287 John de Gateyford
* 1290 Robert de Gateyford
* 1310 Thomas de Hothum
* 1321 William de Ilkeston
* 1322 John de Kendale
* 1324 William de Leston
* 1339 William de Ros
* 1344 John Dell Hill de Panvil
* 1344 John de Arnale
* 1363 John Sheperly
* 1363 Henry Barton
* 1434 John Eyswayte
* 1434 Richard Twigge
* 1446 Richard Holt
* 1456 John Day
* 1483 John Derman
* 1490 John Wilson
* 1525 Rd. Martyn
* 1550 Nicholas Walker
* 1575 Thomas Taylor
* 1605 Thomas Mylner
* 1611 George Longden
* 1614 Peter Parote
* 1615 Franc Stephenson
* 1621 William Williamson
* 1624 Thomas Bowcher
* 1631 Henry Denham
* 1650 Samuel Sildon
* 1653 Charles Jackson
* 1662 William Pearson
* 1669 Nicholas Sore
* 1669 Robert Hettcliffe
* 1699 J Cooper (curate)
* 1713 J Cooper (called vicar)
* 1754 Anthony Carr
* 1805 I Pepper
* 1838 F Churchill
* 1843 J Hides
* 1855 George Frederick Williamson
* 1856 Robert John William Wright
* 1887 Charles Harrison
* 1916 Richard Dudley Weller
* 1924 Philip H Hart
* 1929 Palmer Allison Sharp
* 1936 Henry Wright Schofield
* 1945 Edward Frederick H Dunnicliffe (previously vicar of All Saints' Church, Nottingham)
* 1949 Hugh Bickersteth Biddell
* 1956 Gerald Nettleton Pearce
* 1962 Hubert Victor Simmons
* 1978 John Frederick Jacklin
* 1996 Robert White Yule
* 2001 Timothy Mitchell
* 2006 Fiona Shouler
# List of storms named Hilary

The name Hilary has been used for eleven tropical cyclones in the Eastern Pacific Ocean and for one in the South-West Indian Ocean.
In the Eastern Pacific Ocean:
* Tropical Depression Hilary (1967) – weak system that was downgraded to a tropical depression in post-analysis
* Hurricane Hilary (1971) – a Category 2 hurricane that stayed at sea
* Tropical Storm Hilary (1975) – moderate tropical storm that formed in the open ocean
* Hurricane Hilary (1981) – Category 1 hurricane that stayed at sea
* Hurricane Hilary (1987) – Category 3 hurricane that paralleled the Mexican coast
* Hurricane Hilary (1993) – another Category 3 hurricane that also moved parallel to the Mexican coast
* Hurricane Hilary (1999) – a Category 1 hurricane that moved near Baja California, but dissipated before affecting land
* Hurricane Hilary (2005) – a Category 2 hurricane that formed near Mexico but moved out to sea
* Hurricane Hilary (2011) – strong Category 4 hurricane that paralleled the Mexican coast
* Hurricane Hilary (2017) – Category 2 hurricane that also formed near Mexico
* Hurricane Hilary (2023) – Category 4 hurricane that made landfall as a tropical storm along the Baja California peninsula, dumping torrential rain there and in Southern California, causing $915 million in damages.
In the South-West Indian Ocean:
# Rail Ale Ramble

Sometimes now used as a generic expression in the United Kingdom for a day tour of pubs and/or breweries by train, in search of "real ale" (cask-conditioned beer), the marketing name Rail Ale Ramble was originally conceived by Gerald Daniels, who runs an English tour company, Crookham Travel. In October 1977 he ran the first "RAR", a chartered train with 596 passengers from London to Bath, Somerset and Oxford.
At that time traditional cask-conditioned beer was rare in London, but the Campaign for Real Ale (CAMRA) was beginning to have more impact in regional centres where there was a greater range of traditional breweries still supplying this "living" beer.
More than thirty years later Crookham Travel still runs several Rail Ale Rambles each year as well as longer trips to explore surviving regional and local breweries and the increasing number of new microbreweries throughout Britain and beyond. Meanwhile, the term Rail Ale has been adopted by organisations such as the Devon & Cornwall Rail Partnership, who promote rural train routes in the English West Country as rail ale trails.