OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Spring Creek site

The Spring Creek site (20MU3) is a significant archaeological site in the U.S. state of Michigan. Located in Muskegon County in the western portion of the Lower Peninsula,$^{:290}$ it is the type site for a certain type of Late Woodland period pottery produced by the Ottawa tribe.
The Michigan Archaeology Society excavated the Spring Creek site in 1955 and 1956. Their results gained significant attention because of the large amounts of pottery recovered from the site. The excavation covered approximately 3,000 square feet (280 m$^2$) of land, finding sherds of 966 different pottery vessels.$^{:295}$ This contrasts significantly with the number of stone tools at the village: lithic cores, bifaces, scrapers, lithic flakes, and other types of stone tools together only amounted to 344 objects. Such a large ratio of pottery to stone tools has been taken to suggest that the village was the year-round home of many women instead of being a seasonal hunting camp that only men would occupy.$^{:296}$ The uniformity of pottery at the site has enabled archaeologists to use it as a basis for radiocarbon dating of similar pottery from other sites in the region.
Inhabited during the tenth century AD, Spring Creek appears to have been typical of Woodland period villages in the Great Lakes region: like many others in the region, it was the home of people who both farmed extensively and engaged in hunting. The number of animal bones found at the site is very small — only enough to feed three individuals per year. Other evidence indicates a large population at the site; as a result, it is believed that most meat eaten at Spring Creek was processed at another location. Typical Ottawa villages were inhabited only by women and by old men during most of the year: the men of the village would generally gather into hunting parties that would make extended journeys from home, often departing both during summer and winter; only those individuals who could not participate in the hunts would remain in the village year-round.$^{:295}$
Spring Creek is recognized as one of the best examples of an Ottawa semipermanent village.$^{:298}$ It contrasts greatly with sites such as northern Michigan's Juntunen site: excavations at Juntunen produced vastly different types of pottery, while Spring Creek's artifacts are highly uniform in their style. The two sites were likewise far from similar in their uses: Juntunen is believed to have been a hunting camp that was occupied seasonally for centuries, rather than being intensively inhabited for a small number of years. These two sites, along with similar camps and villages along Lake Michigan, are the basis for a theoretical understanding of the Ottawa economy during the early portion of the Late Woodland period.$^{:296}$
In 1972, the Spring Creek site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of its important place in the region's archaeology. A similar distinction was given to the Juntunen site six years later.
# R. Henry Rew

Sir Robert Henry Rew KCB (4 August 1858 – 7 April 1929) was a British agricultural statistician. He had a long career in public service and was a prominent member of the Royal Statistical Society serving as its President from 1920-22.

## Life

He was the son of Robert Rew (1835–1917), a Congregational minister in Somerset and Buxton. In 1890 he became Secretary of the Central Chamber of Agriculture. He was secretary of the Royal Statistical Society from 1902 to 1920, and their Guy Medallist in 1905.
At the beginning of World War I, in November 1914, Rew was put in charge of the government's Grain Supplies Committee, which he chaired to 1916.
Rew was knighted in 1916. He stood twice for the Liberals in Henley (UK Parliament constituency) in 1922 and 1923 but lost on both occasions to Conservative Reginald Terrell.

## Works

* Stack Ensilage (1888)
* An Agricultural Faggot: a Collection of Papers on Agricultural Subjects (1913)
* 1917, a chapter on wheat supply in a new edition of The Wheat Problem by William Crookes, publication subsidised by Lord Rhondda. Wartime conditions allowed Rew to reinforce the original message of Crookes, on the connection of food security and chemistry.
Rew was an Assistant Commissioner of the Royal Commission on Agricultural Depression from 1894. He produced reports on Norfolk and Dorset in 1895.
# RIVPACS

RIVPACS (River Invertebrate Prediction and Classification System) is an aquatic biomonitoring system for assessing water quality in freshwater rivers in the United Kingdom. It is based on the macroinvertebrate species (such as freshwater shrimp, freshwater sponges, worms, crayfish, aquatic snails, freshwater mussels, insects, and many others) found at the study site during sampling. Some of these species are tolerant to pollution, low dissolved oxygen, and other stressors, but others are sensitive; organisms vary in their tolerances. Therefore, different species will usually be found, in different proportions, at different river sites of varying quality. Some organisms are especially good indicator species. The species found at the reference sites collectively make up the species assemblage for that site and are the basis for a statistical comparison between reference sites and non-reference sites. The comparison between the expected species and the observed species can then be used to estimate this aspect of the ecological health of a river.
The system is meant to be standardized, easy to use, and relatively low cost. It can complement other types of water quality monitoring such as chemical monitoring. RIVPACS supports the implementation of the Water Framework Directive as its official tool for macroinvertebrate classification
Reference sites can be chosen and adjusted several ways. Usually they represent the best conditions within the region or area under study, and are a short stretch of river. Sometimes the reference site expectations are adjusted for degradation of the entire region by human impact. 'Pristine' freshwater sites are sampled to collect information on physical characteristics, chemistry, and macroinvertebrates, sometimes several times each year. This information is then used to predict what invertebrates are present from samples of physiochemistry from other sites.
RIVPACS is used across the UK and supported by Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Countryside Council for Wales, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Natural England, Environment Agency, Northern Ireland Environment Agency, Freshwater Biological Association, Scotland and Northern Ireland Forum for Environmental Research, Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Scottish Government, Scottish Natural Heritage, South West Water, and Welsh Assembly Government.
This classification of freshwater sites based on the macroinvertebrate fauna was first derived in 1977. Since then it has been developed and updated with addition of a wider range of freshwater sites. It has been adapted into various other versions around the world, including a Canadian version known as CABIN, AUSRIVAS in Australia, MEDPACS in Spain, and others.
# Sri Lankan cricket team in South Africa in 1997–98

The Sri Lankan cricket team toured South Africa during the 1997–98 season, playing two Tests from 19 to 30 March 1998. Prior to the series, Sri Lanka had toured South Africa in the 1994–95 season, playing only One Day Internationals in the Mandela Trophy. This was therefore the first Test series between the two in South Africa.
Sri Lanka was led by Arjuna Ranatunga while South Africa was led by Hansie Cronje. The tour began with a Test series consisting of two matches. South Africa won both matches, winning the series 2–0. At the end of the series, Darryl Cullinan of South Africa emerged as the top run-scorer with 284 runs, with an average of 71.00. Muttiah Muralitharan and Allan Donald finished the series as top wicket-takers capturing 16 and 14 wickets respectively. Cullinan was named "man of the series".
The Test series was followed by a triangular One-Day tournament, which included Pakistan as the third team. Sri Lanka were excluded at the group stage, having won as many matches as Pakistan, but having a worse head-to-head record against them.

## Squads

Tests :
| South Africa | Sri Lanka |
| Hansie Cronje (c) Gary Kirsten Adam Bacher (replaced by Gerhardus Liebenberg for the 2nd Test) Jacques Kallis Hylton Ackerman Daryll Cullinan Paul Adams Shaun Pollock Mark Boucher (wk) Lance Klusener Makhaya Ntini Allan Donald | Arjuna Ranatunga (c) Aravinda de Silva (vc) Roshan Mahanama Sanath Jayasuriya Marvan Atapattu Mahela Jayawardene Romesh Kaluwitharana (wk) Chaminda Vaas Ravindra Pushpakumara Muttiah Muralitharan Kumar Dharmasena Upul Chandana Russel Arnold Hashan Tillakaratne Pramodya Wickramasinghe Sajeewa de Silva |

## Tour matches
### Three-day: Gauteng v Sri Lankans

* 7–9 March 1998 Scorecard
* Gauteng won by 118 runs New Wanderers, Johannesburg Umpires: DF Becker and WA Diedricks
* Gauteng won the toss and elected to bat.

### 50-over: North West v Sri Lankans

* 11 March 1998 Scorecard
| Sri Lankans 295/8 (50 overs) | v | North West 202 (47.2 overs) |
| RP Arnold 113 JN Dreyer 2/51 (8 overs) | | MJ Lavine 51 PA de Silva 5/44 (9.2 overs) |
* Sri Lankans won by 93 runs Gert Van Rensburg Stadium, Fochville Umpires: H Bekker and SB Lambson
* Sri Lankans won the toss and elected to bat.

### Three-day: Boland v Sri Lankans

* 14–16 March 1998 Scorecard
* Match drawn Boland Bank Park, Paarl Umpires: RE Koertzen and DL Orchard
* Boland won the toss and elected to bat.

## Test matches
### 1st Test

* 19–23 March 1998 Scorecard
* South Africa won by 70 runs Newlands, Cape Town Umpires: RS Dunne (NZ) and DL Orchard (SA) Player of the match: SM Pollock (SA)
* South Africa won the toss and elected to bat.
* M Ntini (SA) made his Test debut.

### 2nd Test

* 27–30 March 1998 Scorecard
* South Africa won by 6 wickets Centurion Park, Centurion, Gauteng Umpires: Javed Akhtar (PAK) and RE Koertzen (SA) Player of the match: AA Donald (SA)
* Sri Lanka won the toss and elected to bat.
* The match was scheduled for five days but completed in four.
* GFJ Liebenberg (SA) made his Test debut.
# Sun Heping (scientist)

Sun Heping (Chinese: 孙和平; born August 1955) is a Chinese scientist currently serving as director of the Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).

## Education

Sun was born in Jiangyin, Jiangsu in August 1955. In December 1976 he entered the University of Science and Technology of China, where he graduated in July 1980. In November 1991 he was accepted to Catholic University of Leuven, earning his doctor's degree in January 1996.

## Career

In August 1980 he joined the Seismological Research Institute of China Seismological Bureau, he remained there until October 1991. In January 1997 he became a researcher at the Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), where he was promoted to become deputy director in December 2000 and director in February 2005.
He is a member of the Chinese Society for Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography (CSGPC) and the Chinese Geophysical Society (CGS).

## Honours and awards

* November 22, 2019 Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
# Absorption rate constant

The absorption rate constant K$_a$ is a value used in pharmacokinetics to describe the rate at which a drug enters into the system. It is expressed in units of time$^{−1}$. The K$_a$ is related to the absorption half-life (t$_{1/2a}$) per the following equation: K$_a$ = ln(2) / t$_{1/2a}$.
K$_a$ values can typically only be found in research articles. This is in contrast to parameters like bioavailability and elimination half-life, which can often be found in drug and pharmacology handbooks.
# Laser scanning vibrometry

The scanning laser vibrometer or scanning laser Doppler vibrometer, was first developed by the British loudspeaker company, Celestion, around 1979, further developed in the 1980s, and commercially introduced by Ometron, Ltd around 1986. It is an instrument for rapid non-contact measurement and imaging of vibration.
Fields where they are applied include automotive, medical, aerospace, micro system and information technology as well as for quality and production control. The optimization of vibration and acoustic behavior are important goals of product development in all of these fields because they are often among the key characteristics that determine a product's success in the market. They are also in widespread use throughout many universities conducting basic and applied research in areas that include structural dynamics, modal analysis, acoustic optimization and non-destructive evaluation.
The operating principle is based on the Doppler effect, which occurs when light is back-scattered from a vibrating surface. Both velocity and displacement can be determined by analyzing the optical signals in different ways. A scanning laser vibrometer integrates computer-controlled X,Y scanning mirrors and a video camera inside an optical head. The laser is scanned point-by-point over the test object's surface to provide a large number of very high spatial resolution measurements. This sequentially measured vibration data can be used to calculate and visualize animated deflection shapes in the relevant frequency bands from frequency domain analysis. Alternatively, data can be acquired in the time domain to, for example, generate animations showing wave propagation across structures. In contrast to contact measuring methods, the test object is unaffected by the vibration measuring process.
Vibrometry covers a huge range of applications such as the study of microstructures moving only a few pm at frequencies up to 2.5 GHz, all the way up to the intense dynamics occurring in Formula 1 engines with vibration velocities approaching 30 m/s.
A 3D scanning vibrometer combines three optical sensors that accurately detect dynamic movement from different directions in space in order to completely determine the 3D vectors of motion. The software allows each individual x-, y- or z-direction component to be displayed independently, or combined into a single representation. Data can be exported for finite element model validation at nodes previously imported from the model for scan grid definition.
# Sooty ringlet

The sooty ringlet (Erebia pluto) is a member of the subfamily Satyrinae of family Nymphalidae. It is a high-altitude butterfly found in the Alps and Apennine Mountains on heights between 1,900 and 3,000 meters (6,200 and 9,800 ft) in Austria, Germany, France, Switzerland, Italy and Slovenia.
The wingspan is 32–40 mm (1.3–1.6 in).

## Description in Seitz

E. glacialis Esp. (= alecto Frr.) (37 b). Upperside of both wings sombre black-brown, with an obsolescent red-brown band on the forewing which often hardly contrasts with the ground-colour. The hindwing is either simply blackish brown, or there is a faint red-brown tint in the place of the distal band. The forewing is beneath dark russet in the centre, being a little lighter in the female; the hindwing uniformly dark black-brown in the male, and blackish grey in the female, a little lighter distally. — Distributed over the whole Alps, but occurring above the tree line, in July and August, on localities covered with boulders. — In alecto Hbn. (= persephone Esp., nicholli Oberth.) (37b) both sexes have before the apex of the forewing two white-centred ocelli, which are also visible beneath. On the hindwing, too, there are 2-4 whitecentred ocelli, which are generally but partly present beneath or may be entirely absent. Otherwise like the form glacialis. More an insect of the northern and eastern Limestone Alps, occurring but sporadically and mostly in small numbers of individuals. — pluto Esp. (= tisiphone Esp., duponcheli Oberth.) (37 c) has the upper- and underside uniformly black, only in the female there being occasionally a faint reddish brown tint on the upperside of the forewing. From the Abruzzi and the highest Alps.
Adults are on wing from June to August. There is one generation per year.
The larvae mainly feed on Festuca, Poa annua and Poa minor.
# Lost Springs

Lost Springs may refer to:

## Places
### United States

* Lost Springs, Kansas
* Lost Springs, Wyoming

## In entertainment

* Stolen Spring (film), 1993 Danish film sometimes referred to as The Lost Spring
* Lost Spring, a 1967 Japanese drama film
# Lists of association football players

Lists of association football players may refer to:
* Lists of men's association football players
* Lists of women's association football players
# Acrocercops chloronympha

Acrocercops chloronympha is a moth of the family Gracillariidae, known from Brazil. It was described by E. Meyrick in 1921.
# Lundby, Svendborg Municipality

Lundby is a village on the island of Tåsinge in south-central Denmark, in Svendborg Municipality.
# Richard Bissell

Richard Bissell may refer to:
* Richard M. Bissell Jr. (1909–1994), American CIA officer
* Richard Pike Bissell (1913–1977), American author and playwright
# Rakitna

Rakitna may refer to:
* Rakitna, Brezovica, a village in Municipality of Brezovica, Slovenia
* Rakitna, Blagoevgrad Province, a village in Blagoevgrad Province, Bulgaria
# Rabiul Hussain

Rabiul Hussain (31 January 1943 – 26 November 2019) was a Bangladeshi poet and architect. He was one of the trustees of the Bangladesh Liberation War Museum. He was awarded Bangla Academy Literary Award in 2009 for poetry. In recognition of his contribution to Bengali language and literature, the government of Bangladesh awarded him the country's second highest civilian award Ekushey Padak in 2018.

## Early life

Hussain was born on 31 January 1943 at Rotidanga village in Shailkupa under Jhenaidah of the then British India (now Bangladesh). After completing his secondary and higher secondary education in Kushtia, he studied architecture at the East Pakistan University of Engineering Technology (now Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET)). He graduated from BUET in 1968.

## Awards

* Bangla Academy Literary Award (2009)
* Ekushey Padak (2018)
# Acacesia

Acacesia is a genus of orb-weaver spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1895. It contains six species with a mostly neotropical distribution, ranging from South America to Mexico. One species, A. hamata, is found in the US as well.

## Description

The backs of spiders in this genus are marked with a dagger shape, outlined in black and surrounded by a triangular folium. On each side of the dagger there are parallel rows of orange-brown dots. Body length of females ranges from 4.3 to 8 millimetres (0.17 to 0.31 in), of males from 3.6 to 6.5 millimetres (0.14 to 0.26 in)

## Behavior

As the other species are only known from museum specimens, only the natural history A. hamata is known in any detail.

## Relationships

Ocrepeira and Cyclosa are close relatives of this genus.

## Species

As of April 2019 it contains six species:
* Acacesia benigna Glueck, 1994 – Peru, Bolivia, Brazil
* Acacesia graciosa Lise & Braul, 1996 – Brazil
* Acacesia hamata (Hentz, 1847) – USA to Argentina
* Acacesia tenella (L. Koch, 1871) – Mexico to Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana
* Acacesia villalobosi Glueck, 1994 – Brazil
* Acacesia yacuiensis Glueck, 1994 – Brazil, Argentina
# Rocca delle Caminate

Rocca delle Caminate is a medieval castle located in Meldola, around 7 miles (11 km) from Predappio in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy.$^{:99}$ It functioned as the summer home of Benito Mussolini, who was born in Predappio.

## History

The Rocca delle Caminate was built in the 10th century, most likely on the site of a Roman fort.
In 1927, the castle was donated to Benito Mussolini.$^{:99}$ It was then renovated by interior designer Guido Malagola Cappi.$^{:78}$ The external renovations included the addition of a lighthouse, which shone a powerful light whenever the Italian leader was present.
It was here that Mussolini, during a brief sojourn in March 1933, composed the first version of the Four-Power Pact.
It became Mussolini's summer residence in the area and he held meetings with dignitaries during World War II, such as Romanian Foreign Minister Mihai Antonescu, while staying there.$^{:652}$ The castle was also used as a site of torture, with members of the Italian resistance movement being beaten or killed there. At the end of the war, it was partly destroyed by Allied troops in search of treasure, with the rest of the furniture being removed by locals.
Following the war and Mussolini's death, his widow Rachele made efforts to sell the castle.

### 21st century

Calls have been made for the castle's lighthouse to be restored to attract visitors, and Meldola mayor Gian Luca Zattini suggested parts of the castle be converted into a restaurant. The project was approved by the local government in 2017, but some critics suggested it could become a pilgrimage point for modern Fascists and seen as a celebration of Mussolini.
# Rocca di Botte

Rocca di Botte is a comune and town of 860 people in the province of L'Aquila, Abruzzo, central Italy.

## History

During the Middle Ages the town was known as Rocca de Bucte, according to documents dating back to the 12th century. In the 17th century Rocca di Botte suffered a serious outbreak of plague, which caused a sharp depopulation. In 1496 the town became a fief of the Roman family of the Colonna thanks to a donation made by Ferdinand II of Naples.
# Robinson Lake (Nevada)

Robinson Lake is a glacial tarn in the Ruby Mountains, in Elko County in the northeastern part of the state of Nevada. It is located just south of the shelf of Soldier Basin, at approximately 40°43.8′N 115°16.8′W﻿ / ﻿40.7300°N 115.2800°W﻿ / 40.7300; -115.2800, and at an elevation of 9,100 feet (2,800 meters). It has an area of approximately 17 acres (6.9 hectares), and a depth of up to 5 feet (1.5 meters). The lake is the source for Robinson Creek, which drops steeply to the east into Ruby Valley. Both were named for a family of early settlers in Ruby Valley.
* This Elko County, Nevada state location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Abu Bakarr Gaye

Abu Bakarr Gaye (26 September 1951 in Banjul – 2 December 2010 in Banjul) was a Gambian politician and the Minister of Health and Social Welfare of Gambia in 2009–2010.

## Biography

Gaye was born on September 26, 1951, in Banjul . From 1960 to 1965, he attended Maburaki Secondary School in Sierra Leone. From 1967 to 1968, he studied in USSR at Patrice Lumumba University in Moscow. In 1973, Gaye received a doctorate in general medicine.
His professional career began in 1974 at the Ministry of Health of Sierra Leone. In 1977, he began working at Basse Hospital in Basse Santa Su. In 1979, he was appointed chief physician of Bansang Hospital in the village of Bansang and worked there until 1981. After that, until 1997, Gaye was engaged in private medical practice in Barra. Until 2004 he worked at Ahmadiy Hospital.
On 30 October 2009, Gaye was introduced by the president of the Republic of the Gambia, Yahya Jammeh, to the Gambian Cabinet of Ministers and was appointed Minister of Health and Social Affairs. He succeeded Mariatou Jallow.
Gaye had a profound knowledge in the field of tropical medicine, spoke fluent Russian, English and French. He was also fluent in several West African languages.
Gaye died on December 2, 2010, at Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital.