OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Leopold Pilichowski

Leopold Pilichowski (March 23, 1869 – July 28, 1933) was a Polish realist painter in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, active during the final years of the foreign partitions of Poland. He was known for his commitment to social commentary and psychological depictions of Jewish themes and characters. In 1914, at the age of 45, Pilichowski emigrated to Great Britain. He served as president of the Association of Polish Jews in London. From 1926 until his death, he was also the president of the Ben Uri Art Society. His work can be found in the permanent collections of the National Museums in Kraków and Warsaw and the City Museum of Łódź. More representative work is held at the Jewish Museum of New York ("Sukkot").

## Life

Pilichowski was born in Piła near Sieradz in central Poland (some sources list the village of Zadzim close to Piła). He began his art education with painter Szmul (Samuel) Hirszenberg, his relative, in the nearby metropolitan city of Łódź. He continued art studies in Warsaw with Professor Wojciech Gerson (1886), then in Munich, at the Academy of Fine Arts, and in Paris, at the Académie Julian. While in France, he also exhibited his paintings for the first time. In 1894, he had his first solo exhibition in Łódź.
Pilichowski settled in Łódź around 1894, and began to produce his first engaging paintings about Jewish life in an industrialized environment. He portrayed peddlers, migrants, exhausted travellers at railway stations and dignified mourners at funerals. He also depicted Jewish prayers, gatherings, festivals and holy days. Pilichowski became an active Zionist around 1908 and turned to political portraiture of Zionist leaders. He moved to Paris in 1904, and to London a decade later, with his wife and young children. He visited Mandate Palestine in 1925. While there, he produced a monumental painting showing some 120 people for the opening of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, a group portrait which included himself. Back in London, he also painted impoverished Jews from the Whitechapel district. Pilichowski was married to Lena Pilichowski in Poland and had 4 children while in France. He died in London either in 1933 (according to some), or more likely in 1934.
Pilichowski was recognised as a Chevalier du Legion d'honneur by the French Government, for his services to France.

## Selected paintings

* Sukkot (Examining the Four Species)
* Yom Kippur
* Figure by the Bridge
* Mountebank
# 2091 aluminium alloy

2091 aluminium has chromium, copper, iron, lithium, magnesium as minor alloying elements.

## Chemical composition

| Element | Value |
| Aluminum | 91.9 - 95.4% |
| Chromium | ≤ 0.10% |
| Copper | 1.8 - 2.5% |
| Iron | ≤ 0.30% |
| Lithium | 1.7 - 2.3% |
| Magnesium | 1.1 - 1.9% |
| Manganese | ≤ 0.10% |
| Other, each | ≤ 0.05% |
| Other, total | ≤ 0.15% |
| Silicon | ≤ 0.20% |
| Titanium | ≤<= 0.10% |
| Zinc | ≤ 0.25% |
| Zirconium | 0.04 - 0.16% |

## Properties

| Properties | Value |
| Density | 2.58 g/cc |
| Tensile Strength, Ultimate | 430 MPa |
| Tensile Strength, Yield | 330 MPa |
| Elongation at Break | 18 % |
| Modulus of Elasticity | 75.0 GPa |
| CTE, linear | 23.9 μm/m-°C @Temperature 20.0 - 100 °C |
| Specific Heat Capacity | 0.860 J/g-°C at Temperature 100 °C |
| Thermal Conductivity | 84.0 W/m-K |
| Melting Point | 560 - 670 °C |
| Solidus | 560 °C |
| Liquidus | 670 °C |
# Little Windows

Little Windows is a collaborative studio album by Teddy Thompson and Los Angeles based singer Kelly Jones, released on 1 April 2016. The album reached number 1 on the UK country album chart following its release.

## Charts

| Chart (2016) | Peak position |
| UK Country Albums (OCC) | 1 |
# The Cardinal (1901 play)

The Cardinal is a 1901 historical play by the British writer Louis N. Parker. It is set in Renaissance Italy at the height of the power of the Medici Dynasty.
It originally premiered at the Theatre Royal, Montreal before transferring to the Garden Theatre on Broadway. It then enjoyed a run of 106 performances at St James' Theatre in London's West End between 31 August and 5 December 1903. The original London cast included E.S. Willard, Frederick Volpe, Harry Lonsdale, Alice Lonnon, Joseph Farjeon and Helen Ferrers.

## Film adaptations

In 1936 the play was adapted into a film of the same title directed by Sinclair Hill and starring Matheson Lang, Eric Portman and June Duprez. It also inspired the 1945 Italian film L'abito nero da sposa directed by Luigi Zampa and starring Fosco Giachetti and Jacqueline Laurent. Furthermore it inspired the egyptian film "The Confession Chair". Youssef Wahbi, who had played the role of Cardinal Giovanni and also directed the movie and wrote its script, received a golden medal from the Vatican.
# Living stump

A living stump is created when a live tree is cut, burned, eaten, or infected, causing its cambium to die above the root system.
Living stumps are generally characterized as having a thin outer layer of living cells that surround a hollow central cavity.
Living stumps can survive for several years by
* using excess carbon reserves,
* transfer of nutrients from the roots of neighbouring trees, often aided by mycorrhiza or
* root grafting to the root system of living trees.
Root grafting allows for carbon transfer from living trees to living stumps resulting in incremental cambium growth in the stump.
Stumps can grow a callus tissue over its cross section which prolongs longevity of the stump by protecting it from infection and insect damage. A living stump which is capable of producing sprouts or cuttings is known as a stool, and is used in the coppicing method of woodland management.

## Common examples

* Pinus strobus (white pine)
* Castanea dentata (American chestnut)
* Tsuga spp. (hemlock)
* Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir)
* Cedrus spp. (cedar)
# 7 (Shizuka Kudo song)

"7" is a song recorded by Japanese singer Shizuka Kudo for her eleventh studio album, Doing. It was released by Pony Canyon as the album's lead single on November 20, 1995. The song was the ending theme to the AX variety show TV Oja Mammoth, while the single's B-side, "Hachigatsu..." was featured on the AX tanpatsu drama Ren'ai Zenya: Ichido Dake (1996), on which Kudo appeared in a supporting role. "7" is the first in a consecutive trilogy of singles with one-character titles: "7" is followed by "Chō" and "Yū".

## Background

"7" was written by Kudo, under the pseudonym Aeri, and Toshiaki Matsumoto. It is written in the key of A-flat minor. Kudo's vocals span from E$_3$ to B$_4$. The title refers to the good luck superstition of the number seven. The song has been described as downtempo-like. Lyrically, it deals with the feeling of lust. In the song, the narrator calls for her companion to be a competent lover and to not let her down. Kudo's vocal performance was praised for its captivating low notes. The coupling song, "Hachigatsu...", is one of the few songs for which Kudo provides both lyrics and music.

## Chart performance

The single debuted at number 15 on the Oricon Singles Chart, selling 42,000 copies in its first week. It charted a total of eight weeks in the top 100.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Aeri

## Charts

| Chart (1995) | Peak position | Sales |
| Japan Weekly Singles (Oricon) | 15 | 83,000 |
# Poraster

Poraster superbus is a species of sea stars in the family Oreasteridae. It is the sole species in the genus Poraster.
# LLNL HRS process

LLNL HRS (hot recycled solid) process is an above-ground shale oil extraction technology. It is classified as a hot recycled solids technology.

## History

The process was developed by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. In 1984–1987, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory operated a LLNL HRS process-based pilot pant at Parachute, Colorado, with capacity of one tonne of oil shale per day. In 1989, the pilot plant was upgraded to process four tonne of oil shale per day. The pilot plant was operated till 1993. Later the process was modified and tested in the field of waste treatment and environmental cleanup for removing organic compounds and for decomposing sodium nitrate in contaminated soils.

## Process

As a heat carrier, LLNL HRS process uses spent oil shale. Raw oil shale and spent oil shale are mixed in the fluidized bed mixer. The use of fluidized bed mixer results in better mixture, which in turn increases the mean quantity of oil yield and oil shale throughput. From the fluidized bed mixer oil shale moves downward to the packed-bed pyrolyzer. The heat is transferred from the heated spent oil shale to the raw oil shale causing pyrolysis. As a result, oil shale decomposes to shale oil vapors, oil shale gas and spent oil shale. Oil vapors are collected from the pyrolyzer. The spent oil shale, still including residual carbon (char), by the air pneumatic lift pipe to the delayed-fall combustor where it is combusted to heat the process. The delayed-fall combustor used in this process gives greater control over the combustion process as compared to a lift pipe combustor. From the delayed-fall combustor the oil shale ash and spent shale falls into a fluidized bed classifier where the finest parts of solids are removed and hot spent shale is forwarded to the fluidized bed mixer.
# Léon de Lunden

Léon de Lunden (1856–1947) was a Belgian sports shooter who competed at the 1900 Summer Olympics. He won a gold medal in the live pigeon shoot, an event that was unique to the 1900 Games and is no longer recognised by the International Olympic Committee. He totaled 21 kills during the tournament to take gold. He won 5,000 francs for his victory.
# Lindback

* Anders Lindbäck (born 1988), Swedish professional ice hockey goaltender
* Antonio Lindbäck (born 1985), Brazilian motorcycle speedway rider
* Peter Lindbäck (born 1955), Finish governor of the Åland Islands
* Harry Lindbäck (born 1926), Swedish canoer
# ATC code S03

ATC code S03 Ophthalmological and otological preparations is a therapeutic subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric codes developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the classification of drugs and other medical products. Subgroup S03 is part of the anatomical group S Sensory organs.
Codes for veterinary use (ATCvet codes) can be created by placing the letter Q in front of the human ATC code: for example, QS03. National issues of the ATC classification may include additional codes not present in this list, which follows the WHO version.

## S03A Anti-infectives
### S03AA Anti-infectives

    S03AA01 Neomycin
    S03AA02 Tetracycline
    S03AA03 Polymyxin B
    S03AA04 Chlorhexidine
    S03AA05 Hexamidine
    S03AA06 Gentamicin
    S03AA07 Ciprofloxacin
    S03AA08 Chloramphenicol
    S03AA30 Antiinfectives, combinations

## S03B Corticosteroids
### S03BA Corticosteroids

    S03BA01 Dexamethasone
    S03BA02 Prednisolone
    S03BA03 Betamethasone

## S03C Corticosteroids and anti-infectives in combination
### S03CA Corticosteroids and anti-infectives in combination

    S03CA01 Dexamethasone and antiinfectives
    S03CA02 Prednisolone and antiinfectives
    S03CA04 Hydrocortisone and antiinfectives
    S03CA05 Fludrocortisone and antiinfectives
    S03CA06 Betamethasone and antiinfectives
    S03CA07 Methylprednisolone and antiinfectives

## S03D Other ophthalmological and otological preparations

    Empty group
# Lisa Steier

Lisa Steier (Anna Elisabeth) (26 January 1888 – 28 August 1928) was a Swedish ballerina and ballet master.

## Biography

Steier was born in Stockholm, and was a student of Gunhild Rosén, Hans Beck and Michel Fokine. She became a student at the Royal Swedish Ballet at the Royal Swedish Opera in 1895; a figurant dancer in 1906, second dancer in 1908, premier dancer in 1913 (until 1924), an instructor of the ballet in 1921–1924 and ballet master in 1926–1927. She was also a dance teacher at the Royal Dramatic Training Academy for the actors at the Royal Dramatic Theatre.
Her most known parts was the main part in Sylfiderna, Arsinoe in Kleopatra, Papillon in Karneval, the solopart of Svanorna as well as various parts in the opera ballets.
In 1909 she married lieutenant Léopold Tisseau.
# Limoncito District

Limoncito is a district of the Coto Brus canton, in the Puntarenas province of Costa Rica.

## History

Limoncito was created on 10 December 1965 by Ley 3598.

## Geography

Limoncito has an area of 124.04 km$^2$ and an elevation of 780 metres.

## Demographics

For the 2011 census, Limoncito had a population of 3,591 inhabitants.

## Transportation
### Road transportation

The district is covered by the following road routes:
* National Route 237
# Richard Bellings (barrister)

Richard Bellings, Bealing or Bellyngs (died 1584) was an Irish barrister and landowner who was Solicitor General for Ireland from 1574 to 1584. His grandson and namesake Richard Bellings was a leading figure in Confederate Ireland, which governed much of Ireland in the 1640s.
He was probably born in Mulhuddart, County Dublin, a district with which his family had a long association. They were prominent members of the Anglo-Irish gentry of the Pale. He was called to the Bar, quickly became one of its leaders, and was appointed Solicitor General in 1574. He seems to have been diligent in performing his duties, pleading regularly before the Court of Castle Chamber (the Irish equivalent to Star Chamber) and sitting on several commissions of oyer and terminer. Presumably as a reward for his services, the Crown made substantial grants of land to him in County Dublin, including Tyrrelstown, which became the principal family seat. They also owned extensive property in County Kildare.
Despite his record of good service to the Crown and his legal ability, he never became a judge; this may reflect the personal disfavour of Queen Elizabeth I, who thought poorly of most of her Irish law officers, especially those like Bellings who were Irish by birth. Her remedy for the perceived "default and inefficiency of her officers of the law" was to replace Irish officeholders with Englishmen whenever a vacancy arose.
Elrington Ball, normally the most reliable source of information on the pre-1921 Irish judiciary, and who is also very knowledgeable about the history of Dublin generally, states that Bellings was still alive in 1600, but the letters patent appointing his successor as Solicitor General, Jesse Smythes, in January 1585, state clearly that he had recently died. Given the Queen's attitude to her Irish law officers it is not surprising that Smythes was English.
Little seems to be known of his marriage. Richard's son Sir Henry Bellings became Provost Marshal and High Sheriff of Kildare; despite a reputation for corruption, (including the notorious case of the aged English-born farmer Philip Bushen, who was hanged in 1625 for the murder of his wife, a crime which he almost certainly did not commit), and several clashes with the Crown, he had a largely successful career and extended the family estates.
Henry by his wife Maud was the father of the second Richard Bellings, the Confederate leader, and grandfather of the third Richard Bellings, secretary to Queen Catherine of Braganza.
# Løvenskiold shooting range

59°57′43″N 10°34′48″E﻿ / ﻿59.962°N 10.580°E﻿ / 59.962; 10.580 Løvenskiold shooting range, (Norwegian: Løvenskioldbanen), was built in 1951 and is Norway's largest civilian shooting range. The range is used daily by sports shooters and hunters from many different clubs, and is also used by Oslo Police District and His Majesty The King's Guard as their primary training facility for both rifle and pistol.
# Løvika (Kristiansand)

Løvika is a neighbourhood in the city of Kristiansand in Agder county, Norway. The neighborhood is located in the borough of Vågsbygd and in the district of Voiebyen. It is located on the northeastern part of the island of Andøya. Løvika is east of Voie and northeast of Ternevig.

## Transport

Bus lines from Løvika :
| Line | Destination |
| 05 | Andøya - Vågsbygd |
| 05 | Andøya - Kvadraturen |
| 05 | Andøya - Kvadraturen - UiA |
# Løvhaugsåa

Løvhaugsåa is a river in Grue Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The river is approximately 8.5 kilometres (5.3 mi) long and it is located in the rural Finnskogen forest area. The river begins at the Nydammen (new dam), the southwest outlet of the large lake Rotbergsjøen and then it flows south to the larger lake Røgden.
# Rhinogobius carpenteri

Rhinogobius carpenteri is a freshwater species of goby endemic to the Philippines. Its common name in the Philippines is kuchu. The species was named for the co-collector of the cotypes, Mr. W. D. Carpenter. In 1927, Albert William Christian Theodore Herre erected a new genus in the family Gobiidae, Tukugobius and moved R. carpenteri into it as the type species, but the genus was later rendered invalid.

## Description

It grows up to 5.9 cm (2.3 in) SL, and is dull yellow-brown, whitish under the jaw, eyes blue, grayish fins with two silvery white anterior spines, silvery white anal fin rays, with the caudal fins shading to dusky at the tip. Additionally, this species reaches a length of 5.9 cm (2.3 in)

## Etymology

The fish is named in honor of American naturalist William Dorr Carpenter (1879-1958), who helped collect the type specimen.
# Rhinogobius giurinus

Rhinogobius giurinus is a species of goby native to eastern Asia where it inhabits marine, brackish and fresh waters of rivers and estuaries. This species can reach a length of 8 centimetres (3.1 in) TL. It is of importance to local peoples as a food fish.

## Distribution

The fish's native range includes the Yellow River, Yangtze River, Qiantang River, Lingjiang, Pearl River, Fujian, Guangdong and Hainan regions (except the northwestern part of China including Tibetan Plateau and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau), Taiwan, Hong Kong, the Korean Peninsula, from Tone River to Iriomote in Ibaraki Prefecture, Kawahara Lake in Nagasaki Prefecture in Japan, Bonin Islands, Ryukyu Islands and North Vietnam.
The species is also introduced into Singapore, Tibetan Plateau and Yunnan.

## Habitat

Its habitats include rivers, reservoirs, ponds and estuaries. Though it is a migratory fish, it can survive and reproduce in a completely closed drainage system.

## Diet

The fish feeds on aquatic insects, invertebrates, small fish, zooplankton, phytoplankton and plant detritus.
# Richard Price (barrister)

Richard Price (1790–1833) was a British barrister, known as philologist, antiquarian, and literary editor.

## Life

He was the eldest son of Richard Price, a merchant. Entering the Middle Temple on 29 May 1823, was called to the bar in 1830, and practised on the western circuit.
Price was a sub-commissioner of the Public Record Commission, and helped Benjamin Thorpe with his Ancient Laws and Institutes of England (1840). As a scholar of northern European literature, he had a reputation with Jacob Grimm, Grímur Jónsson Thorkelin and Edgar Taylor. He died of dropsy on 23 May 1833, at Branch Hill, Hampstead.

## Works

In 1824 Price published an edition of Thomas Warton's The History of English Poetry. The long preface was reprinted in the editions of Richard Taylor (1840) and William Carew Hazlitt (1871). Price incorporated notes of George Ashby, Francis Douce, Thomas Park and Joseph Ritson, also adding some of his own. The edition was flawed with mistakes, as Warton's had been.
In 1830 Price revised and brought up to date, in four volumes, Edward Christian's edition of Blackstone's Commentaries of 1809. He also assisted Henry Petrie in his edition of the Saxon Chronicle to 1066, in vol. i. of Monumenta Historica Britannica.
# Richard Preston (disambiguation)

Richard Preston (born 1954) is an American writer.
Richard Preston may also refer to:
* Richard Preston (MP) (1768–1850), English legal author and politician
* Richard Preston (clergyman) (c. 1791–1861), American religious leader
* Richard Preston, 1st Earl of Desmond (died 1628), Scottish court favourite of King James VI
* Richard Franklin Preston (1860–1929), Canadian physician and political figure
* Richard Preston, a pen-name of Jack Lindsay (1900–1990) Australian-born British author
# Richard Bingham (Conservative politician)

Richard Martin Bingham, TD, QC (26 October 1915 – 26 July 1992) was a British barrister and politician who later served as a judge.

## Education and Army career

Educated at Harrow and Clare College, Cambridge, Bingham was a Major in the Royal Artillery during the Second World War. However, he found the time to finish his legal training and was called to the Bar (Inner Temple) in 1940. His wartime service included Dunkirk and north-western Europe; he was mentioned in dispatches in 1944. He had been in the Territorial Army since 1937, where he served with the 59th Medical Regiment until 1949; he held the rank of Major from 1945.

## Politics

He did not begin legal practice until demobilised in 1946, when he joined the Northern Circuit. In the same year he was elected as a Conservative Party member of Liverpool City Council, on which he served for three years. In 1957, Bingham was elected to Parliament as Conservative MP for Liverpool Garston at a byelection.

## Legal career

The author of a standard work on negligence cases, his legal career progressed with appointment as Recorder of Oldham in 1960, and as a 'Bencher' of the Inner Temple in 1964. Bingham became a Judge of Appeal on the Isle of Man in 1965 and was also appointed to a Home Office departmental committee on Coroners. Bingham stood down from Parliament at the 1966 general election, and was appointed to the Royal Commission on Assizes and Quarter Sessions.
In 1972 Bingham was appointed a Circuit Judge and resigned his post on the Isle of Man. He served as a Judge for 16 years.
# M. P. Achuthan

M P Achuthan (b. 8 Jan 1949 Vaikkalassery, Kozhikode district ) is an Indian politician who, from 2009 to 2015, represented Kerala in the Rajya Sabha as a member of the Communist party of India.
# A Campaign and Adventure Guidebook for Middle-earth

A Campaign and Adventure Guidebook for Middle-earth is a 1982 fantasy role-playing game supplement published by Iron Crown Enterprises.

## Contents

A Campaign and Adventure Guidebook for Middle-earth is a supplement which presents an overview of Middle Earth, including its geography, history, and inhabitants.

## Publication history

A Campaign and Adventure Guidebook for Middle-earth is the first official role-playing game material published based on Tolkien's fantasy works, and the first release from Iron Crown Enterprises in a series of play aids for role-playing in Middle Earth.

## Reception

William A. Barton reviewed A Campaign and Adventure Guidebook for Middle-earth in The Space Gamer No. 57. Barton commented that "Overall, the real usefulness of Middle Earth as a campaign aid will have to wait for subsequent modules in the series to be proven. Unless you're an absolute Tolkien fanatic and don't mind paying [...] you may want to hold off purchasing this one until others in the series are available for evaluation."
Jonathan Sutherland reviewed the Guidebook and Gridded Map for White Dwarf #50, giving it an overall rating of 6 out of 10, and stated that "The most useful section contains the trade routes, language areas and climate maps. Altogether, a useful package, if a little expensive, but [indispensable] because of the beautifully reproduced map."