OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Public Bodies Corrupt Practices Act 1889

The Public Bodies Corrupt Practices Act 1889 (52 & 53 Vict. c. 69) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (as it was then). It was one of the Prevention of Corruption Acts 1889 to 1916, a collective title adopted in 1916.
The act made the active or passive bribery of a member, officer or servant of a public body a criminal offence.
Specifically, the act prohibited a person covered by the act, whether by himself, or in conjunction with any other person, from corruptly soliciting or receiving, or agreeing to receive, for himself, or any other person, any gift, loan, fee, reward or advantage whatever as an inducement to, or reward for, doing or forbearing to do anything in respect of any matter or transaction whatsoever, actual or proposed, in which the public body is concerned. A person may also not corruptly promise, or offer, any gift, loan, fee, reward, or advantage whatsoever, to any person, whether for the benefit of that person, or of another person, as an inducement to or reward for doing or forbearing to do anything in respect of any matter or transaction whatsoever, actual or proposed; in which the public body is concerned.
Offences under the act required the consent of the attorney general to proceed with a prosecution. In relation to offences created by the act, the burden of proof was on the defendant to show (on the balance of probabilities) that the money, gift, or other consideration was not received corruptly.
In March 2006, the Metropolitan Police confirmed that, following complaints by the Scottish National Party and others, they were investigating possible breaches of the act. A total of £14 million in loans was given by wealthy individuals to Labour during the 2005 general election campaign and four of these men were subsequently nominated for Life Peerages. (See main article Cash for Peerages.)
Section 3 was repealed by the Criminal Justice Act 1988 and the entire act was repealed by the coming into force of the Bribery Act 2010.
# Sosiaalisesti rajoittuneet

Sosiaalisesti rajoittuneet ("The Socially Challenged (ones)") is a Finnish webcomic written by Ossi Mäntylahti and Pekka Piira and drawn by Jukka Piira.
The comic is about a fictional software company and the IT industry in general. The setting is somewhat similar to Dilbert, but the style differs by concentrating more on actual nerd trivia and less on business stereotypes and zany interaction between characters. The comic was a pioneer of Finnish webcomics. Its site received over 250,000 hits per month in 2007 (in a language with 5.2 million speakers) and has been featured in Ilta-Sanomat, Iltalehti Online and ITviikko. Frequent visiting of the Sosiaalisesti rajoittuneet web site is regarded as a sign of a nerd behaviour.

## Characters

The more notable characters are:
* C and Plus are the main characters. They are typical computer nerds who know software developing, games and hardware programming inside and out, but have little or no interest in the 'real' world. Together they are C plus Plus, a pun on C++. Originally, both were single, but recently C has started dating Laura, a female computer game nerd who frequently beats him at games. Plus, on the other hand, is every now and then engaged with Ginger.
* Iipee (I.P.) is the company's errand girl. She is a fashionable modern woman with little interest for computers or 'nerdy stuff'. Her name originates from the Finnish pronunciation of TCP/IP's IP part and her burden is to always end up with nerds. Her current boyfriend is an avid Star Trekker. Iipee likes to date both men and women, a characteristic that the nerds like to call dual-booting.
* eLisa is the company's director of marketing. She is an attractive young woman and frequently uses her features as an advantage to get her way in cruel world of IT.
* Pomo (The Boss) and VTJ (The Vice President) are representatives of the management. They seem to care only about money and treat employees as expendable.
* Blondisihteeri (The Blonde Secretary) is a typical, very cute and bubble-brained blonde, only male. Despite his utter lack of knowledge about tech, finance, or anything requiring actual thought, he has inexplicably good luck with the other sex.
* Kynäniska (The Pencilneck) is a completely hopeless nerd with no social life whatsoever. His only interests are computer gaming and leet culture. He often tries to pick up women, but usually fails miserably. Currently he's dating a young, sexy girl called Petra, who is a World of Warcraft addict.
* Petra is a 20-year-old girl with a great body, who always plays World of Warcraft, and uses macros to do her works, giving her more time to spend playing WoW. Petra is a violent woman with an extreme temper, which is a bad combination with her troll teeth prosthesis.
# Pseudotyrannochthonius

Pseudotyrannochthonius is a genus of pseudoscorpions in the family Pseudotyrannochthoniidae. It was described in 1930 by Austrian arachnologist Max Beier.

## Species

As of October 2023, the World Pseudoscorpiones Catalog accepted the following 18 species:
* P. australiensis Beier, 1966
* P. bornemisszai Beier, 1966
* P. eberhardi Harms and Harvey, 2013
* P. giganteus Beier, 1971
* P. gigas Beier, 1969
* P. gracilis Benedict and Malcolm, 1970
* P. hamiltonsmithi Beier, 1968
* P. incognitus (Schuster, 1966)
* P. jonesi (Chamberlin, 1962)
* P. leichhardti Harms, 2013
* P. octospinosus Beier, 1930
* P. queenslandicus Beier, 1969
* P. rossi Beier, 1964
* P. silvestrii (Ellingsen, 1905)
* P. solitarius (Hoff, 1951)
* P. tasmanicus Dartnall, 1970
* P. typhlus Dartnall, 1970
* P. utahensis Muchmore, 1967
# Pseudotyping

Pseudotyping is the process of producing viruses or viral vectors in combination with foreign viral envelope proteins. The result is a pseudotyped virus particle, also called a pseudovirus. With this method, the foreign viral envelope proteins can be used to alter host tropism or increase or decrease the stability of the virus particles. Pseudotyped particles do not carry the genetic material to produce additional viral envelope proteins, so the phenotypic changes cannot be passed on to progeny viral particles. In some cases, the inability to produce viral envelope proteins renders the pseudovirus replication incompetent. In this way, the properties of dangerous viruses can be studied in a lower risk setting.
Pseudotyping allows one to control the expression of envelope proteins. A frequently used protein is the glycoprotein G (VSV-G) from the Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) which mediates entry via the LDL receptor. Envelope proteins incorporated into the pseudovirus allow the virus to readily enter different cell types with the corresponding host receptor.

## Vaccine development

Pseudotyped virus can be used to vaccinate animals against proteins expressed on the envelope of the virion. This approach has been used to produce vaccine candidates against HIV, Nipah henipavirus, Rabies lyssavirus, SARS-CoV, Zaire ebolavirus, and SARS-CoV-2. Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus–Zaire Ebola virus (rVSV-ZEBOV) was created by the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) and is currently licensed in the European Union and United States for the prevention of Ebolavirus Disease (EVD) caused by Zaire ebolavirus.

## Serological testing

Pseudotyped viruses, especially pseudotyped viruses carrying a recombinant luciferase gene (rLuc), can be used to test whether a treatment can protect host cells infection. For example, blood is drawn from an animal with serological immunity to a virus. A separate pseudovirus is generated with an envelope protein from the virus that the animal has immunity to. The pseudovirus is further engineered to contain a gene for luciferase. When the blood drawn from the animal is mixed with the pseudovirus, the protective antibodies bind and neutralize the introduced envelope protein. In cell culture, neutralized pseudoviruses will be prevented from infecting cells and producing the luminescent reporter gene product. When analysed, cell culture samples where an effective inhibitor of the virus is present will have reduced luminescence.
# List of castles in North Macedonia

This is a partial list of castles and fortresses in North Macedonia.
# List of castles in Clackmannanshire

This is a list of castles in Clackmannanshire.

## List

| Name | Type | Date | Condition | Ownership | Location | Notes |
| Alloa Tower | Tower house | 14th century | Preserved | NTS | Alloa NS888925 | |
| Broomhall Castle | Baronial house | 1874 | In use as a hotel | Private | Menstrie NS854971 | |
| Clackmannan Tower | Tower house | 14th century, with 15th century extension | Ruin | Historic Scotland | Clackmannan NS906919 | Currently limited to exterior views only due to repair work |
| Castle Campbell | Courtyard castle | Early 15th-century tower house, with a late 15th-century hall range | Ruin | Historic Scotland | Dollar Glen NS961992 | Also known as Castle Gloom |
| Menstrie Castle | Tower house | 16th century | Restored as flats | Private | Menstrie NS849967 | Contains a museum operated by the National Trust for Scotland |
| Sauchie Tower | Tower house | 15th century | Empty | Clackmannanshire Heritage Trust | Fishcross NS895956 | |
# Psyllocarpus

Psyllocarpus is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Rubiaceae. It is an endemic genus of Brazil found in Amazonia, Caatinga, and Cerrado. In 1979 the genus was revised by Kirkbride into two sections, Psyllocarpus sect. Psyllocarpus and P. sect Amazonica, based on geographic distribution and morphology. Plants of the World Online treats the genus as a synonym of Tapanhuacanga.

## Species

* Psyllocarpus asparagoides Mart. & Zucc.
* Psyllocarpus bahiensis J.A.M.Carmo, Sobrado & R.M.Salas
* Psyllocarpus campinorum (K.Krause) J.H.Kirkbr.
* Psyllocarpus cururuensis J.H.Kirkbr.
* Psyllocarpus densifolius Zappi & Calió
* Psyllocarpus goiasensis J.H.Kirkbr.
* Psyllocarpus intermedius E.L.Cabral & Bacigalupo
* Psyllocarpus itakangapyra J.A.M.Carmo, Sobrado & R.M.Salas
* Psyllocarpus laricoides Mart. & Zucc.
* Psyllocarpus phyllocephalus K.Schum.
* Psyllocarpus psyllocarpoides (Sucre) J.H.Kirkbr.
* Psyllocarpus scatignae J.A.M.Carmo, Sobrado & R.M.Salas
* Psyllocarpus schwackei K.Schum.
* Psyllocarpus vianae J.A.M.Carmo, Sobrado & R.M.Salas
Psyllocarpus sect. Psyllocarpus comprises P. asparagoides, P. bahiensis, P. goiasensis, P. laricoides, P. phyllocephalus, P. scatignae, P. schwackei. Psyllocarpus sect. Amazonica includes P. campinorum, P. cururuensis, P. psyllocarpoides.
Psyllocarpus intermedius and Psyllocarpus densifolius are found in the same geographical region at sect. Psyllocarpus but are morphologically distinct. Carmo et al. (2021) recognized the monotypic genus Diadorimia to accommodate P. densifolius, while the determination of P. intermedius is pending further investigation.
# Kpané

Kpané is a town and arrondissement in the Borgou Department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Pèrèrè. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 2,067.
# Kpapékou

Kpapékou is a village in southern Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Ouragahio, Gagnoa Department, Gôh Region, Gôh-Djiboua District.
Kpapékou was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished.
# Ptelea (disambiguation)

Ptelea (hoptree) is a genus of shrubs and trees in the family Rutaceae.
Ptelea may also refer to:
* Ptelea (Attica), a deme of ancient Attica, Greece
* Ptelea, Evros, Greece
* Ptelea, Kozani, Greece
# Ptyongnathosia oxynosocia

Ptyongnathosia oxynosocia is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is endemic to Ecuador (Loja Province).
# Suhurlui

Suhurlui is a commune in Galați County, Western Moldavia, Romania. Established in 2008 when it was split off from Rediu Commune, it is composed of a single village, Suhurlui.
The commune is located in the central part of the county, 30 km (19 mi) from the border with Ukraine and 42 km (26 mi) from the county seat, Galați.
# Sankt Egidien station

The Sankt Egidien station is the railway station of the Municipality of Sankt Egidien, Saxony, Germany.

## Regional services

| Preceding station | Mitteldeutsche Regiobahn | Mitteldeutsche Regiobahn | Mitteldeutsche Regiobahn | Following station |
| Glauchau (Sachs)towards Zwickau Hbf | | RB 30 | | Hohenstein-Ernstthaltowards Dresden Hbf |
| Preceding station | City-Bahn Chemnitz | City-Bahn Chemnitz | City-Bahn Chemnitz | Following station |
| Glauchau (Sachs)Terminus | | RB 92 | | Lichtenstein Gewerbegebiettowards Stollberg (Sachs) |
# Sankt Eriksplan

Sankt Eriksplan is a square in the district of Vasastaden in Stockholm, Sweden.

## History

Saint Erik's Plaza was called so after King Erik IX who is the patron saint of Stockholm and depicted in the city's coat of arms.
Sankt Eriksplan metro station was opened in 1952 and is on the green line between Odenplan and Fridhemsplan. Popular venues close to Sankt Eriksplan include Filadelfiakyrkan ('the Philadelphia Church') which offers frequent concerts. Nearby is the riverside park of Karlberg Palace (Karlbergs slott) which was built in 1630. It is in sight of the Military Academy Karlberg which was inaugurated in 1792. Sankt Eriksplan is a popular and expensive residential area, with apartment prices being among the most expensive in Stockholm.
In 2017, Low Roar released a song named after the metro station, "St. Eriksplan".
# Sanders W. Johnston

Sanders Walker Johnston (December 10, 1820 - January 1, 1905) was an American attorney and jurist who served as an associate judge of the Supreme Court of the Kansas Territory.

## Early life and education

Johnston was born in Mason County, Kentucky on December 10, 1820. He studied law with Thomas L. Hamer, who eventually served in the U.S. House of Representatives, and was admitted to the bar in 1843.
During the Mexican-American War, Johnston became captain of Company G of the First Regiment of Ohio Volunteers and was mentioned for bravery during the Battle of Monterey.

## Career

Johnston was elected to the Ohio State Senate in 1851, as a member of the Democratic Party representing Clermont and Brown counties.
In 1854, Johnston was appointed by President Franklin Pierce to become an associate judge of the newly formed Supreme Court of the Kansas Territory. Johnston, along with chief judge Samuel Dexter Lecompte and associate judge Rush Elmore, were all appointed as pro-slavery sympathizers.
In 1855, Pierce removed Johnston, Elmore, and then-Governor Andrew Horatio Reeder after accusations were made against them for illegally purchasing Native American land. Johnston was replaced by Jeremiah Burrell. Johnston entered into private practice in Leavenworth, Kansas.
Johnston was the Democratic nominee for Kansas's non-voting delegate seat in the 1859 House of Representatives elections. He ran against the Republican nominee, Marcus Junius Parrott; Parrott won the election.

## Later life and death

Johnston moved to Washington, D.C. during the Civil War, and lived there until his death from pneumonia on January 1, 1905. He was buried in Arlington National Cemetery.
# Sanders Township, Pennington County, Minnesota

Sanders Township is a township in Pennington County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 285 at the 2000 census.
Sanders Township was named for Sander Engebretson, a Norwegian settler.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.2 square miles (93.7 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 285 people, 104 households, and 79 families residing in the township. The population density was 7.9 people per square mile (3.0/km$^2$). There were 113 housing units at an average density of 3.1/sq mi (1.2/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 99.30% White, 0.35% Native American and 0.35% Asian. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.70% of the population.
There were 104 households, out of which 35.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.2% were married couples living together, 1.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.0% were non-families. 20.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.74 and the average family size was 3.19.
In the township the population was spread out, with 26.7% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 28.8% from 25 to 44, 28.1% from 45 to 64, and 10.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 120.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 117.7 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $36,250, and the median income for a family was $44,792. Males had a median income of $28,750 versus $26,667 for females. The per capita income for the township was $14,376. About 17.8% of families and 18.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.6% of those under the age of eighteen and 36.1% of those 65 or over.
# Santalum ellipticum

Santalum ellipticum, commonly known as ʻIliahialoʻe (Hawaiian) or coastal sandalwood, is a species of flowering plant in the mistletoe family, Santalaceae, that is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. It is a sprawling shrub to small tree, typically reaching a height of 1–5 m (3.3–16.4 ft) and a canopy spread of 1–3 m (3.3–9.8 ft), but is extremely variable in size and shape. Like other members of the genus, S. ellipticum is a hemi-parasite, deriving some of its nutrients from the host plant by attaching to its roots.

## Habitat and range

ʻIliahialoʻe inhabits dry forests, low shrublands, and lava plains throughout the archipelago, including the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, but has been extirpated from Laysan and Kahoʻolawe. Although never recorded on Niʻihau, its historic presence on the island is almost certain. S. ellipticum is generally found at elevations from sea level to 560 m (1,840 ft), but populations can occur as high as 950 m (3,120 ft). An isolated individual was observed growing at 2,140 m (7,020 ft) on the island of Hawaiʻi.

## Uses
### Non-medicinal

The ʻlaʻau ʻala (heartwood) of ʻiliahialoʻe contains valuable, aromatic essential oils. Trees were harvested for export to China between 1791 and 1840, where the hard, yellowish-brown wood was made into carved objects, chests, and incense. The ʻiliahialoʻe trade peaked from 1815 to 1826. Native Hawaiians used the wood to make pola, the deck on a waʻa kaulua (double-hulled canoe). Powdered ʻlaʻau ʻala was used as a perfume and added to kapa cloth.

### Medicinal

Native Hawaiians combined leaves and bark of the ʻiliahialoʻe with naio (Myoporum sandwicense) ashes to treat kepia o ke poʻo (dandruff) and liha o ka lauoho (head lice). ʻIliahialoʻe shavings mixed with ʻawa (Piper methysticum), nioi (Eugenia reinwardtiana), ʻahakea (Bobea spp.), and kauila (Alphitonia ponderosa) was used to treat sexually transmitted diseases.
# Santalum insulare

Santalum insulare is a species of flowering plant in family Santalaceae. It is a shrub or tree native to the south-central Pacific, including the Cook Islands, Marquesas Islands, Pitcairn Islands, Society Islands, and Tubuai Islands.
Seven varieties are recognized:
* Santalum insulare var. alticola Fosberg & Sachet – Society Islands
* Santalum insulare var. hendersonense (F.Br.) Fosberg & Sachet – Henderson Island (Pitcairn Islands)
* Santalum insulare var. insulare – Miti'aro (Cook Islands), Society Islands, and Tubuai Islands
* Santalum insulare var. marchionense (Skottsb.) Skottsb. – Marquesas
* Santalum insulare var. margaretae (F.Br.) Skottsb. – Rapa Iti (Tubuai Islands)
* Santalum insulare var. raiateense (J.W.Moore) Fosberg & Sachet – Raiatea (Society Islands)
* Santalum insulare var. raivavense F.Br. Raivavae (Tubuai Islands)
# Lohit Diary

Lohit Diary is a documentary film produced in India, set the Lohit River Valley in East Arunachal Pradesh, North-East India. The film is produced by Films Division of India and is directed by Ramchandra PN. The film, completed in 2015, was shot in and around Tezu, Wakro, Namsai, Chongkham and Yatong areas in Arunachal Pradesh in India.
   "The film covers aspects of the threat of opium addiction looming large over the local youth, and social initiatives from the community against the menace such as the opium de-addiction campaign in Chongkham-Namsai, the organic tea-cultivation in Wakro circle led by Basamlu Krisikro, and the ‘Joy of Reading Campaign’ in Yatong, Tezu and Wakro, led by the Lohit Youth Library Movement,"(Source: Arunachal Times)

## Plot

Lohit River Valley, the picturesque easternmost remote part of Arunachal Pradesh in India, the land of Mishmi community, is showing signs of prosperity. Epitomized by its colorful flowers that bloom all over is the crop that is responsible, the banned opium. Traditionally, cultivated for rituals and medicinal purposes, today a large portion of the harvest consumed by the cultivators themselves and the rest sold locally to opium addicts to meet the economic needs of the planters.
Breaking this dark vicious circle of this opium culture are three small but significant attempts in stemming the tide.
Basamlu Krisikro began growing green tea when she found its use in the Cancer treatment of her mother. Soon, she began enrolling others; her idea was to bring together opium growing families who would shift to organic green tea on their small holdings, and club them to a mini-factory that processes such tea.
Tewa Manpong was a drug addict; for eighteen years. He had to sell all his properties and was compelled to participate in antisocial activities to fulfill his addiction demands. However, by sheer will power and support of his family members, he is rehabilitated. Today he works as a counselor in a rehabilitation center, supporting others who are addicted.
Uncle Moosa (Sathyanarayanan Mundayoor) used to travel with a trunk full of books into inaccessible areas so that he could read them out to Mishmi children. Today he has a network of libraries wherein story-telling sessions are conducted; and skits based on such books are performed. Many children, after participating in such endeavors are determined not to come under self-destructing habit like drugs.
The film follows these three passionate characters, as they go about their business of empowering others.