OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Las Vegas Gamblers (ice hockey)

The Las Vegas Gamblers were a semi-professional ice hockey team from Las Vegas, Nevada. The club was a founding member of the California-Nevada Hockey League and, by all accounts, the first formal ice hockey team in the state of Nevada.

## History

In the late-1960s, the Teamsters Union was in charge of construction in Las Vegas and one of their projects was the city's first indoor ice rink, the Ice Palace. While the arena had no team in mind when it was built, a semi-pro club was soon formed and the team called themselves the 'Gamblers'. By the fall of 1968, the team was able to come to terms with three other teams in California and Reno to form the California-Nevada Hockey League (Cal-Neva) and played three seasons. While the people who showed up for the games were enthusiastic, the Gamblers were a somewhat esoteric form of entertainment in Vegas as the time and with competition like Elvis Presley, Liberace and Tom Jones taking up most of the attention, only a few hundred people would attend the games.
In 1971, with the team in dire financial straits, the Gamblers needed a new influx of cash. Casino magnate Ralph Engelstad, who had played college hockey at North Dakota, took control of the team and changed the name to the 'Outlaws'. Engelstad changed the course of the club but some of his actions irked the other league members. After the Gamblers were caught violating league rules several times, the Outlaws were expelled and all of their results for the year were retroactively wiped out. Now operating solely as an independent club, Engelstad was able to arrange matches with US national team during the run up to the 1972 Winter Olympics as well as several clubs from Europe and increase the profile of the club. By the mid-70's, the team was experiencing troubles both on and off the ice as players were reported to have behaved poorly during their trip to Germany. However, the bigger issue was the spat between Engelstad and the owner of the Ice Palace. After 1975, the club lost access to the rink. Initially, Engelstad planned to build his own rink in the region and continue running the club, however, no plans were ever set in motion and the Outlaws ceased to exist.
# Phyllurus ossa

Phyllurus ossa, also known as the Mackay Coast leaf-tailed gecko is a gecko found in Australia. It is endemic to Mount Ossa National Park and Dryander National Park in mideastern Queensland.
# Qafë

Qafë may refer to:
* Qafë, Albania
* Qafë, North Macedonia
# REScoop.be

REScoop.be is the Belgian branch of the European group of cooperatives for renewable energy, REScoop.eu.
It was established in 2011 on the initiative of the Flemish energy cooperative Ecopower.
On the Belgian level it coordinates the cooperative initiatives of its members REScoop Vlaanderen and REScoop Wallonie.
# Quebec Contingency Act

The Quebec Contingency Act (Bill C-341) was a private member's bill tabled in Canada's federal Parliament in 1996 to establish the conditions which would apply to a referendum regarding the separation of Quebec from Canada. It was a precursor to the Clarity Act of 2000.
Bill C-341 was introduced by future Prime Minister and then Reform MP Stephen Harper, and reached First Reading on October 30, 1996. Its full title was "An Act to establish the terms and conditions that must apply to a referendum relating to the separation of Quebec from Canada before it may be recognized as a proper expression of the will of the people of Quebec."
Bill C-341 did not proceed any further in Parliament following First Reading.

## Summary

   "This enactment allows the Government of Canada to determine whether a referendum question in Quebec is clear and unambiguous.
   If an affirmative answer is given to a clear question, the enactment authorizes the negotiation of separation, subject to the approval of the rest of Canada by referendum.
   It affirms that a unilateral declaration of independence is ineffective with respect to Canadian law and does not affect the functioning of the Canadian Parliament, Government and courts with respect to Quebec."
# L'Herbergement

L'Herbergement (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Vendée department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France.
# Rathmel, Pennsylvania

Rathmel is an unincorporated community in Jefferson County, in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.

## History

Rathmal got its start as a mining community. A post office called Rathmel was established in 1883, and remained in operation until 1930.
# Stele (Kurtág)

Stele, Op. 33, sometimes also stylised in Greek capitals as ΣΤΉΛΗ (stēlē), is a composition for orchestra by Hungarian composer György Kurtág. It was completed in 1994.

## Composition

The composition was first conceived as a work for piano in 1993, which was dedicated to András Mihály. Kurtág completed the orchestral score as a commission of the Berlin Philharmonic in 1994, while he was the composer-in-residence for the orchestra. The piece was premiered in Berlin, on 14 December 1994, by the Berlin Philharmonic under Claudio Abbado, both of these being the dedicatees. It was published in 2003 by Editio Musica Budapest.

## Music

Stele is in three movements and takes up to thirteen minutes to perform. The three movements are untitled and are usually referenced by their tempo. All of the movements are meant to be played attacca. The movements are:
* Larghissimo – Adagio
* Lamentoso – Disperato, con moto. Nicht zu schnell aber wild, gehetzt, ungeduldig
* Molto sostenuto
The final version of the score also includes a 2006 addition to the ending of the score which changes the last bar of the last movement and adds four more bars, extending the last notes played by the instruments. So far, both endings are accepted, even though the first one is still recorded more frequently.

### Instrumentation

The work is scored for a very large orchestra.

## Recordings

* In December 1994, the dedicatees Claudio Abbado and the Berlin Philharmonic recorded the piece for Deutsche Grammophon. It was recorded in the Large Hall of the Berliner Philharmonie.
* On 26 November 1996, the Southwest German Radio Symphony Orchestra conducted by Michael Gielen recorded the work at the Konzerthaus Freiburg for BMG Music. This recording was later reissued by Hänssler.
# Law of superposition

The law of superposition is an axiom that forms one of the bases of the sciences of geology, archaeology, and other fields pertaining to geological stratigraphy. In its plainest form, it states that in undeformed stratigraphic sequences, the oldest strata will lie at the bottom of the sequence, while newer material stacks upon the surface to form new deposits over time. This is paramount to stratigraphic dating, which requires a set of assumptions, including that the law of superposition holds true and that an object cannot be older than the materials of which it is composed. To illustrate the practical applications of superposition in scientific inquiry, sedimentary rock that has not been deformed by more than 90° will exhibit the oldest layers on the bottom, thus enabling paleontologists and paleobotanists to identify the relative ages of any fossils found within the strata, with the remains of the most archaic lifeforms confined to the lowest. These findings can inform the community on the fossil record covering the relevant strata, to determine which species coexisted temporally and which species existed successively in perhaps an evolutionarily or phylogenetically relevant way.

## History

The law of superposition was first proposed in 1669 by the Danish scientist Nicolas Steno, and is present as one of his major theses in the groundbreaking seminal work Dissertationis prodromus (1669).
In the English-language literature, the law was popularized by William "Strata" Smith, who used it to produce the first geologic map of Britain. It is the first of Smith's laws, which were formally published in Strata Identified by Fossils (1816–1819).

## Archaeological considerations

Superposition in archaeology and especially in stratification use during excavation is slightly different as the processes involved in laying down archaeological strata are somewhat different from geological processes. Human-made intrusions and activity in the archaeological record need not form chronologically from top to bottom or be deformed from the horizontal as natural strata are by equivalent processes. Some archaeological strata (often termed as contexts or layers) are created by undercutting previous strata. An example would be that the silt back-fill of an underground drain would form some time after the ground immediately above it. Other examples of non vertical superposition would be modifications to standing structures such as the creation of new doors and windows in a wall. Superposition in archaeology requires a degree of interpretation to correctly identify chronological sequences and in this sense superposition in archaeology is more dynamic and multi-dimensional.

## Other limitations to stratification and superposition

Original stratification induced by natural processes can subsequently be disrupted or permutated by a number of factors, including animal interference and vegetation, as well as limestone crystallization.
Stratification behaves in a different manner with surface-formed igneous depositions, such as lava flows and ash falls, and thus superposition may not always successfully apply under certain conditions.
# Little Salt Spring

Little Salt Spring is an archaeological and paleontological site in North Port, Florida. The site has been owned by the University of Miami since 1980 with research performed there by the university's Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science.

## History

Little Salt Spring is a feature of the karst topography of Florida, specifically an example of a sinkhole. It is classified as a third magnitude spring. The numerous deep vents at the bottom of the sinkhole feed oxygen-depleted groundwater into it, producing an anoxic environment below a depth of about 5 m (16.4 ft). This fosters the preservation of Paleo-Indian and early Archaic artifacts and ecofacts, as well as fossil bones of the extinct megafauna once found in Florida.
Little Salt Spring was considered a shallow freshwater pond, but in 1959 SCUBA divers William Royal and Eugenie Clark discovered that it was a true sinkhole extending downward over 200 ft (61 m), similar to the cenotes of the Yucatán Peninsula (another karst region). The actual depth of the surface pond is forty feet (12.2 m) with a central shaft dropping vertically to an inverted cone with a maximum determined depth at the outer edges of 245 feet (75 m). There are ledges around the wall of the cenote at 16 and 27 meters (52 and 89 feet) below the present water level.
The water level in the spring has varied over time. Twelve to thirteen thousand years ago the ocean level was about 100 meters (more than 300 feet) lower than at present, drawing down the water table in Florida, and the water level in Little Salt Spring was 27 meters (89 feet) lower than at present. The basin around the spring and a slough extending away from it are filled with moist, soft peat.
On July 10, 1979, the site was added to the National Register of Historic Places. In 2013, the University of Miami began considering selling the site to Sarasota County Government, due to funding being cut towards maintaining the site and its facilities.

### Prehistoric human use

Hundreds of burials dating from 5,200 to 6,800 years ago have been found in the slough. As has happened in other wetland burials in Florida, such as at the Windover Archaeological Site, brain matter survived in many of the skulls. In the 1970s the overturned shell of an extinct giant land tortoise was found on the 27-meter (89 ft) ledge. A wooden stake had been driven between the carapace and the plastron, and there is evidence of a fire under the tortoise. It appears that the tortoise had been cooked in its shell. The radiocarbon date for the wooden stake was 12,030 years ago; a bone from the tortoise was dated to 13,450 years ago. Large numbers of human bones have been recovered from the spring, but were not collected under controlled conditions.
# Stenoptinea

Stenoptinea is a genus of the fungus moth family, Tineidae. Therein, it belongs to the subfamily Meessiinae. It was originally established as a subgenus of Homosetia, but later separated to become a genus in its own right.
Only three species are placed in Stenoptinea at present:
* Stenoptinea auriferella (Dietz, 1905)
* Stenoptinea cyaneimarmorella (Millière, 1854) (= S. angustipennis)
* Stenoptinea ornatella (Dietz, 1905)

## Footnotes

* ↑ Pitkin & Jenkins (2004), and see references in Savela (2003)
* ↑ Pitkin & Jenkins (2004)
* ↑ Robinson [2010], and see references in Savela (2003)
# Lavrinovič

Lavrinovič is the Lithuanian spelling of the Polish surname Ławrynowicz used in Lithuania by Polish Lithuanians. The genuinely Lithuanian version of the surname is Laurinavičius.
The surname may refer to:
* Darjuš Lavrinovič (born 1979), Polish-Lithuanian basketball player
* Kšyštof Lavrinovič (born 1979), Polish-Lithuanian basketball player
# Rebecca White Berch

Rebecca White Berch (born June 29, 1955) is a former justice of the Arizona Supreme Court. On July 1, 2009, she began a five-year term as chief justice, a position to which she was elected by her peers on the court. As chief justice, she succeeded Ruth McGregor. She concluded her service as Arizona's chief justice in July 2014 when she passed the gavel to new Chief Justice Scott Bales. Berch had been a justice of the state's highest court since March 2002, when she was appointed to the court by Republican governor Jane Dee Hull. She retired in September 2015.

## Early life

Berch was born in Phoenix, Arizona, the daughter of Robert Eugene and Janet Kay (née Zimmerman) White. She married Michael Allen Berch on March 9, 1981. She earned a Bachelor of Science in 1976, a Juris Doctor in 1979 and a Master of Arts in 1990 all from Arizona State University.

## Professional career

Berch began her career as an associate and partner with the firm McGroder, Tryon, Heller, Rayes & Berch from 1979 to 1985 before serving as director of the legal writing program at the Arizona State University College of Law from 1986 to 1991 and 1994 to 1995. She served as solicitor general for the State of Arizona, from 1991 to 1994, as special counsel to the Arizona attorney general from 1995 to 1996 and as first assistant Arizona attorney general from 1996 to 1998.
Berch joined the bench as a judge on the Arizona Court of Appeals, Division I, from April 1998 to March 2002. She served as a justice of the Arizona Supreme Court from April 2002 to June 2005 before becoming vice chief justice in June 2005. Berch retired from the Supreme Court in September 2015.

## Awards and associations
### Awards

* 2003 Rebecca White Berch Pro Bono Suite, Arizona State University College of Law
* 2002 Distinguished Achievement Award, Arizona State University College of Law
* 2002 Outstanding Alumnus, Arizona State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
* 2002 Professional Achievement and Contributions Award, Arizona Women Lawyers' Association
* 1999-2000 Outstanding Alumnus of the Year Award, Arizona State University College of Law
* 1998 General Appreciation Award, National Association of Attorneys
* 1998 Outstanding Service Award, Arizona Attorney General's Office
* 1994 Distinguished Service Award, Arizona State University College of Law
* 1992 Outstanding Attorney of the Year, Arizona Attorney General's Office
* 1992 Outstanding Service Award, Arizona Attorney General’s Office

### Associations

* Chair, Arizona Commission on Appellate Court Appointments
* Board of Directors, US Conference of Chief Justices
* Former Chair, Commission on Technology
* Former Chair, Maricopa County Trial Court Appointments
* Member, Commission on Judicial Conduct
* Member, Judicial Ethics Advisory Committee
* Board of Trustees, National Conference of Bar Examiners
# Raymonde Coffie

Raymonde Goudou Coffie (born c. 1965) is an Ivorian politician. After training as a pharmacist, she has held various ministerial appointments including Minister for Family, Women and Children, Minister of Health and Public Hygiene and Minister of Modernisation of Administration and Innovation of Public Services. In 2021, she became Minister Governor of the District des Lacs.

## Career

Raymonde Coffie was born c. 1965 to an Ivorian mother and a Guadeloupean father. She qualified as a pharmacist after studying at the University of Caen in France, then was head pharmacist at Yamoussoukro hospital from 1984 until 1986.
She then joined the PDCI (Democratic Party of Ivory Coast – African Democratic Rally). In 2011, she was made Minister for Family, Women and Children and the following year she became Minister of Health and Public Hygiene. She held the position until 2018, dealing with the threat of ebola and eradicating guinea worm and polio in the country. Immunisation rates were affected by the Second Ivorian Civil War. She joined the board of the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI) and in 2018 was appointed Minister of Modernisation of Administration and Innovation of Public Services. She introduced an online portal called Miliê the following year. Coffie was then made Minister of Culture and Francophonie and in 2021 became Minister Governor of the District des Lacs.

## Awards and recognition

Coffie has received accolades such as Commander in the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, Officer in the National Order of Côte d’Ivoire, Commander in the Order of Health and Commander in the Ivorian Order of Cultural Merit. Jeune Afrique called her one of the twenty most influential women in Côte d'Ivoire in 2017.
# Liu Xinquan

Liu Xinquan (Chinese: 刘新权) (1916–1994) was a People's Liberation Army major general and Chinese diplomat. He was born in Da County, Sichuan Province (modern Dachuan District, Dazhou). He was Ambassador of China to the Soviet Union (1970–1976) and Albania (1976–1979).
Diplomatic posts :
| Preceded byPan Zili | Chinese Ambassador to the Soviet Union 1970–1976 | Succeeded byWang Youping |
| Preceded byLiu Zhenhua | Chinese Ambassador to Albania 1976–1979 | Succeeded byWen Ning |
# Lawsohtun

Lawsohtun is a census town situated in the East Khasi Hills district of Meghalaya, India.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 Indian Census the population of Lawsohtun is 8,214 of which 4,262 are males and 3,952 are females. The literacy rate of the town is 92.38 percent which higher than the Meghalaya state's average of 74.43 percent.

## Education

"Lawsohtun Presbyterian Lp School" is one of the school in Lawsohtun.
# Stelis interrupta

Stelis interrupta is a species of cuckoo bee in the family Megachilidae. It is found in North America.
# Recurt

Recurt is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
# Live à Paris (video)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Live à Paris (English: "live in Paris") is the third home video by Canadian singer Celine Dion, released on VHS on 8 November 1996 and on DVD on 17 November 2003. It was recorded live at the renowned Zénith Paris in Paris, France, in October 1995 before an audience of over 6,000 fans, during the D'eux Tour.

## Background

Live à Paris contains songs from the highly successful French language album D'eux, along with few English-language hits. Jean-Jacques Goldman joined Dion on "Les derniers seront les premiers" and "J'irai où tu iras".
The VHS was certified 3× Platinum in France (60,000). The DVD re-release was counted separately in France and certified Platinum (20,000).
Live à Paris CD is also available. It was released on 22 October 1996 and features 14 out of 19 tracks performed during the concert.

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| VHS |||
| France (SNEP) | 3× Platinum | 60,000$^*$ |
| DVD |||
| France (SNEP) | Platinum | 20,000$^*$ |
| $^*$ Sales figures based on certification alone. |||

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalog |
| France | 8 November 1996 | Columbia | VHS | 200704 2 |
| France | 8 November 1996 | Columbia | LaserDisc | 200704 2 |
| Canada | 19 November 1996 | Epic | VHS | 80251 |
| Japan | 22 January 1997 | Epic | VHS | 200704 2 |
| Australia | February 1997 | Epic | VHS | ESVU-151 |
| France | 17 November 2003 | Columbia | DVD | 2022829 |
# Le Thoult-Trosnay

Le Thoult-Trosnay is a commune in the Marne department in the Grand Est region in north-eastern France.
# Reading Partners

Reading Partners is a children's literacy nonprofit based in Oakland, California with programs in over 40 school districts throughout California, New York, Washington DC, Maryland, Texas, Colorado, South Carolina, Minnesota, Oklahoma, and Washington.
In the 2023–2024 school year, Reading Partners delivered individualized reading tutoring to 7,231 students in 180 partner schools.

## Program

In its core program, Reading Partners operates reading centers at elementary schools in under-served communities where children reading below grade level receive free one-on-one tutoring from volunteers using a structured, research-based curriculum. The program is proven to improve students' progress in reading, with over 87% meeting or exceeding their end of year growth goals, according to the Reading Partners impact report released in 2024.
Teachers refer students to the campus Reading Partners program, where they receive the one-on-one attention of a trained volunteer tutor for ninety minutes each week. Tutoring sessions focus on building students’ reading skills in five critical areas of literacy: phonemic awareness, phonics, vocabulary, fluency, and comprehension. Reading Partners’ curricular materials consist of three key components, each of which address different levels of reading ability with curriculum-based, logically sequenced materials. Upon entry into Reading Partners, every student is assessed using the Rigby PM Ultra Benchmarking Kit and placed into one of the three programs depending on the child's individual needs.

## History

Reading Partners began at Belle Haven Elementary School in Menlo Park when members of the community joined to help students struggling with reading skills. At the time, fewer than 1 in 5 students at Belle Haven could read at grade level and more than 80% of students qualified for the National School Lunch Program. Starting with just three volunteers working in the school library, the organization quickly grew to serve more than 100 children at Belle Haven and began replicating to nearby Title I elementary schools.
Originally called YES Reading, the organization changed its name to Reading Partners in 2008. From 2008 to 2016, the program expanded from serving 20 elementary schools in California to over 250 schools in 10 states and the District of Columbia.
# Stenoma assignata

Stenoma assignata is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1918. It is found in French Guiana.
The wingspan is about 18 mm. The forewings are pale greyish ochreous with the markings violet fuscous and a subtriangular blotch extending along the basal fifth of the costa. There is a similar blotch along the second fourth of the costa, a subdorsal dot at one-fifth, and two faint cloudy spots between this and the second costal blotch, as well as a small spot on the costa beyond the middle, where a faint line runs to the dorsum before the tornus, on the lower portion obscurely whitish edged anteriorly, the second discal stigma forms an obscurely whitish-edged dot on this line. A narrow marginal fascia runs around the posterior part of the costa and upper part of the termen, narrowed to the extremities, mixed with grey-whitish suffusion, the edge marked with darker dots. The hindwings are ochreous whitish.
# Liuzao

Liuzao may refer to the following locations in China:
* Liuzao, Hebei (留早镇), town in Dingzhou
* Liuzao, Shanghai (六灶镇), town in Pudong