OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Athletics at the 1991 Pan American Games – Women's 10,000 metres

The women's 10,000 metres event at the 1991 Pan American Games was held in Havana, Cuba on 11 August.

## Results

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | María del Carmen Díaz | Mexico | 34:21.13 |
| | Lisa Harvey | Canada | 34:25.62 |
| | María Luisa Servín | Mexico | 34:55.94 |
| 4 | Carmen Furtado | Brazil | 35:20.22 |
| 5 | Griselda González | Argentina | 35:33.45 |
| 6 | Emperatriz Wilson | Cuba | 35:47.93 |
| 7 | Elaine Van Blunk | United States | 36:10.91 |
| 8 | Colette Murphy | United States | 36:22.24 |
| 9 | Adelaida Iglesias | Cuba | 37:05.37 |
| 10 | Sandra Cortez | Bolivia | 37:42.15 |
# Joseph Canyon

Joseph Canyon (Nez Perce: an-an-a-soc-um, meaning "long, rough canyon") is a 2,000-foot (610 m)-deep basalt canyon in northern Wallowa County, Oregon, and southern Asotin County, Washington, United States.

## Geography

Joseph Canyon contains Joseph Creek, a tributary of the Grande Ronde River, which flows into the Snake River, a tributary of the Columbia. The geology is typical of the Columbia Plateau, formed by the Columbia River Basalt Group, and the exposed canyon walls provide a striking view of flood basalt flows and dikes. The canyon floor contains sediments deposited by the Missoula Floods.

## History

The canyon was named after Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce, who is traditionally thought to have been born in a cave on the east bank of Joseph Creek in Asotin County. Prior to European settlement, the Nez Perce used the canyon bottomlands as a travel corridor from summer camp sites in the Wallowa valley to winter camp sites along the Grande Ronde and Snake rivers. Elk, bighorn sheep, and mule deer were plentiful, as well as native plant foods associated with bunchgrass habitat. In later centuries, the Nez Perce grazed horses on the canyon grasslands. Beginning in the late 19th century, pioneer settlers homesteaded in the area, grazing sheep and cattle and planting fruit orchards. However, the rocky terrain prohibited extensive agricultural production.

## Conservation

In the late 1990s, the Nez Perce tribe acquired 15,000 acres (61 km$^2$) in the Joseph Creek watershed for conservation. The lands currently provide wildlife habitat for two federally listed threatened species, the bald eagle and the Snake River steelhead, and may provide habitat for the threatened lynx, Townsend's big-eared bat, and mountain quail. Several threatened plant species are also known to exist in the area, including Macfarlane's four-o’clock and Spalding's catchfly. Non-threatened species include bighorn sheep, elk, mule deer, blue grouse, golden eagles, and red-tailed hawks.

### Access

The Joseph Canyon Viewpoint, at a highway pullout along Oregon Route 3, is one of 38 sites that form the Nez Perce National Historical Park. The viewpoint is located approximately 30 miles (48 km) north of Enterprise, Oregon, and 11 miles (18 km) south of the Washington border, in the Wallowa–Whitman National Forest.
The canyon itself is private land of the Nez Perce Tribe, and is used for ranching, hunting, and some grain crops. Other viewpoints include Fields Spring State Park.

## Images

* Joseph Canyon as seen from Oregon Route 3
* The canyon as seen from Fields Spring State Park
* Grande Ronde River in Joseph Canyon
# Thomas Thorninger

Thomas Thorninger (born 20 October 1972) is a Danish former football player. He played for PSV Eindhoven in the Netherlands, Italian clubs Perugia Calcio and Udinese Calcio, as well as Vejle Boldklub, AGF Aarhus and F.C. Copenhagen in Denmark. He played three games and scored two goals for the Denmark national under-21 football team.

## Honours

* AGF Aarhus :
** Danish Cup: 1996
** Danish Superliga topscorer: 1995–96
* FC København :
** Danish championship: 2000–01
** Danish Super Cup: 2001
# Alison Cottrell

Alison Cottrell, CB was the founding CEO of the Financial Services Culture Board, formerly the Banking Standards Board (to 30 June 2023) and formerly a British civil servant who worked for HM Treasury as joint Director for Financial Services and Director for Corporate Services, in which capacity she was a member of the Executive Management Board of the department. In her earlier career she was an economist. She was appointed Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in the 2015 New Year Honours.
# Miss Germany 2012

Miss Germany 2012 was a competition held on 11 February 2012 to award the title of Miss Germany for the year. Twenty-year-old Isabel Glück won the title.

## Results
### Placings

| Final Results | Contestant |
| Miss Germany 2012 | Miss Ashampoo - Isabel Glück |
| 1st runner-up | Miss South Germany - Mareen Wehner |
| 2nd runner-up | Miss Baden-Württemberg - Sabrina Licata |

## Delegates

The Miss Germany 2012 "delegates" were:
| Title | Name | Age | Placement |
| Miss Ashampoo | Isabel Glück | 20 | Miss Germany 2012 |
| Miss Baden-Württemberg | Sabrina Licata | 22 | 2nd runner-up |
| Miss Bavaria | Christina Trost | 22 | |
| Miss Berlin | Maria Rosenthal | 21 | |
| Miss Bremen | Paulina Kaluza | 18 | |
| Miss Brandenburg | Madeleine Westphal | 24 | |
| Miss Hamburg | Viviana Beltràn Velez | 23 | |
| Miss Hesse | Aylin Sezgin | 19 | |
| Miss Internet | Yassaman Hahn | 23 | |
| Miss Mecklenburg-Vorpommern | Elisabeth Bartesch | 22 | |
| Miss Central Germany | Sarah Stroh | 21 | |
| Miss Lower Saxony | Mayte Fritz | 21 | |
| Miss North Germany | Katja Kliewer | 20 | |
| Miss North Rhine-Westphalia | Janine Wöller | 23 | |
| Miss East Germany | Isabell Bade | 19 | |
| Miss Rhineland-Palatinate | Viktoria Tschenin | 22 | |
| Miss Saarland | Nathalie Masson | 23 | |
| Miss Saxony-Anhalt | Jenny Edner | 21 | |
| Miss Schleswig-Holstein | Vanessa Reder | 22 | |
| Miss South Germany | Mareen Wehner | 25 | 1st runner-up |
| Miss South West Germany | Giulia Möckel | 19 | |
| Miss Thuringia | Kristina Mikhailenkov | 18 | |
| Miss West Germany | Christin Heuler | 21 | |

## Judges

* Reiner Calmund
* Marcus Schenkenberg
# Torpedo, Pennsylvania

Torpedo is a village located on Pennsylvania Route 27 in Pittsfield Township, Warren County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. The village got its unusual name from an incident involving torpedoes used in oil wells to increase the flow of oil, which contained unstable nitroglycerin.

## History

Torpedo was first settled sometime around 1845 after the construction of a mill, which closed 10 or 12 years later. A lumber mill was opened in 1875–1876.
Torpedo acquired its name during the winter of 1882–1883, when a horse-drawn wagon loaded with 880 pounds (400 kg) of nitroglycerin torpedoes bound for Clarendon got stuck on a nearby set of railroad tracks for the Dunkirk, Allegheny Valley and Pittsburgh Railroad. One of the horses had tripped on the gap between the rail and a wooden plank, and fallen. The driver, knowing a passenger train was due, attempted unsuccessfully to free the fallen horse. Failing to free it, he unhitched the other horse and moved it to a safe distance. The driver had started to unload the torpedoes from the wagon, when the train came around the bend. Even after applying the brakes, the train still struck the fallen horse at nearly full speed, severing two of its legs. The wagon containing the torpedoes was tipped over, but the nitroglycerin did not explode, because the wagon was mired in deep mud. None of the train's passengers and crew were injured.

## Geography

Torpedo is located on Pennsylvania Route 27 in Pittsfield Township, 15 miles (24 km) north of Pennsylvania Route 36 in Pleasantville, Venango County and 7 miles (11 km) south of U.S. Route 6.
# Meticrane

Meticrane (INN) is a diuretic.
# Sazak, Çal

Sazak is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Çal, Denizli Province in Turkey. Its population is 539 (2022).
# Asia Pacific Flight Training

Asia Pacific Flight Training Sdn. Bhd. (APFT), is a flying academy located at the Sultan Ismail Petra Airport, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
APFT offers courses leading to the airplane private, commercial and airline transport pilot licences and multi-engine, instrument and assistant flight instructor ratings. The school also offers a Diploma in Aviation (Pilot Training), which is approved by the Malaysian Qualifications Agency.

## History

The school started training students in 2005 and was officially opened in 2006. It is the first Malaysian flight school to be accredited as a "private institution of higher learning". The school has a fleet of over 30 aircraft. It trains pilots for Malaysian Airlines, Nepal Airlines and Garuda Airlines.
In 2009, the school fleet consisted of the Diamond DA-40, Diamond DA-42, Eagle Aircraft 150B, Piper PA-28 Warrior and the Piper PA-34 Seneca, plus an AL200MCC simulator.
# Noor Ahmed Ghazi

Noor Ahmed Ghazi (Born: Unknown - Died: 1971) was a freedom fighter of Bangladesh Liberation War. He was awarded the title of Bir Bikram by the Government of Bangladesh for his bravery in the War of Independence.

## Early and education

Noor Ahmed Ghazi was born in Chandpur Sadar Upazila Govindia village. His father's name is Farman Ali Ghazi and mother's name is Dudh Meher. His wife's name is Khairun Necha. They have two sons and a daughter.

## Career

Noor Ahmed Ghazi served in the Pakistan Army Corps of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering. Worked in Quetta, Pakistan (then West Pakistan). He was on leave in March 1971. When the liberation war started, he joined the war on the Bangladeshi side. After the war of resistance, he fought in different places of Chandpur district under sector number 2. He was known as Nuru Major.

### Role in the Liberation War

A group of freedom fighters had been staying in Bakharpur village since August. Bakharpur is a village in Chandpur Sadar upazila, Chandpur District, Bangladesh. It is six miles from the city of Chandpur. Nur Ahmed Gazi is the leader of the freedom fighters. Freedom fighters are part of the party.
In the 1 September camp (Mazumdarbari), only five freedom fighters including Nur Ahmed Gazi. The rest went to another operation. Most of those in the camp are poor. They have been operating on each other for the past few days. They also arrested some of the razakars in an operation that day. The prisoners are in their camps. At night the freedom fighters slept in the camp. Two guards are on duty.
The Pakistani army attacked them to rescue the captured Razakars. The freedom fighters had SLRs, Stenguns, rifles and hand grenades. There was only one weapon. From morning the freedom fighters started the war. Both sides suffered heavy casualties in the fighting. Several soldiers were killed and wounded. Pakistani soldiers and civilians were also killed.
At eight o 'clock in the morning the freedom fighters ' firing was almost over. Noor Ahmad Ghazi asked his surviving comrades to retreat. He was shot and killed shortly after along with eight freedom fighters. The other militants managed to escape but were injured. Fifteen Pakistani soldiers and Razakars were killed in the fighting and most of the captured Razakars died in the crossfire.

## Awards and honors

* Bir Bikrom, third highest gallantry award in Bangladesh
# Athletics at the 1991 Pan American Games – Women's 100 metres

The women's 100 metres event at the 1991 Pan American Games was held in Havana, Cuba with the final on 4 and 5 August.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Liliana Allen Cuba | Chryste Gaines United States | Beverly McDonald Jamaica |

## Results
### Heats

Wind: Heat 1: -1.3 m/s, Heat 2: +0.8 m/s
| Rank | Heat | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 2 | Liliana Allen | Cuba | 11.33 | Q |
| 2 | 2 | Chryste Gaines | United States | 11.43 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | Dahlia Duhaney | Jamaica | 11.52 | Q |
| 4 | 1 | Beverly McDonald | Jamaica | 11.62 | Q |
| 5 | 2 | Claudete Alves Pina | Brazil | 11.72 | q |
| 6 | 1 | Anita Howard | United States | 11.75 | Q |
| 7 | 1 | Idalmis Bonne | Cuba | 11.77 | Q |
| 8 | 2 | Stacey Bowen | Canada | 11.80 | q |
| 9 | 1 | María Quiñónez | Colombia | 11.88 | |
| 10 | 1 | Karen Clarke | Canada | 11.92 | |
| 11 | 2 | Margarita Martirena | Uruguay | 12.22 | |
| | 1 | Marinett Flowers | Belize | DNS | |
| | 2 | Jacqueline Staine | Belize | DNS | |

### Final

Wind: +0.4 m/s
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | Liliana Allen | Cuba | 11.39 |
| | Chryste Gaines | United States | 11.46 |
| | Beverly McDonald | Jamaica | 11.52 |
| 4 | Dahlia Duhaney | Jamaica | 11.62 |
| 5 | Anita Howard | United States | 11.70 |
| 6 | Stacey Bowen | Canada | 11.82 |
| 7 | Claudete Alves Pina | Brazil | 11.87 |
| 8 | Idalmis Bonne | Cuba | 11.88 |
# Sir William Strickland, 1st Baronet

Sir William Strickland, 1st Baronet (c. 1596 – 12 July 1673) was an English Member of Parliament who supported the parliamentary cause during the English Civil War.
Sir William Strickland was the eldest son of Walter Strickland of Boynton, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, inheriting his estates, including Boynton Hall, on his death in 1636. He was educated at Queens' College, Cambridge, and proceeded to Gray's Inn though he seems not to have qualified as a barrister.
He was knighted in 1630, and in 1640 was elected to Parliament as member for Hedon. Initially he seems to have been a friend and supporter of Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford, to whom he was distantly related (Strickland's mother was a Wentworth), although he is not one of the MPs who was listed as voting against Strafford's attainder. Strickland was a strict Puritan, and after Strafford's death he moved firmly towards the Parliamentary cause, although the king created him a baronet on 29 July 1641, perhaps hoping to sway him towards support for the Crown.
Strickland sat for Hedon throughout the Long Parliament, taking a hard line in support of the Commonwealth and later of Cromwell. (An opposition pamphleteer described him as "for settling the Protector anew in all those things for which the king was cut off". He also spoke frequently in favour of the punishment of James Naylor. After the expulsion of the Rump, he did not appear in the Barebone's Parliament, but was elected for the Protectorate Parliaments of as one of the four members for the East Riding in 1654 and 1656. He was subsequently summoned to Cromwell's House of Peers as Lord Strickland. (His younger brother, Walter Strickland, was also a member, and held a number of other senior offices during the Commonwealth.) Strickland sat in the restored Long Parliament in 1659, but apparently took no part in its proceedings and (unlike his brother) seems to have retired entirely from public affairs after the Restoration, though he was not molested by the authorities.
From 1642 to 1646, Strickland was Custos Rotulorum of the East Riding of Yorkshire.
He was married twice – on 18 June 1622 to Margaret, daughter of Sir Richard Cholmley of Whitby; and, after his first wife's death in 1629 to Frances Finch, daughter of Thomas Finch, 2nd Earl of Winchilsea. He had four daughters by his first marriage, and one son, Thomas, by his second, who succeeded him in the baronetcy.
# Alison Cree

Alison Marion Cree CNZM is a New Zealand herpetologist. She is currently a professor at the University of Otago.

## Academic career

Cree graduated from the University of Waikato in 1986 with a D.Phil. for her thesis titled "Water relations of the endemic New Zealand frogs Leiopelma archeyi, L. Hamiltoni and L. Hochstetteri". Prior to this she had attained a diploma on environmental pollution in Christchurch, through the University of Canterbury.
Cree's work has been on a number of species, but her work with tuatara has attracted the most media attention.
In the 2023 King's Birthday and Coronation Honours, Cree was appointed a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to herpetology, particularly tuatara.

## Selected publications
### Book

* Cree, Alison (2014). Tuatara: Biology and conservation of a venerable survivor. Christchurch, New Zealand: Canterbury University Press. ISBN 978-1-927145-44-9. OCLC 888553607.

### Journal articles

* Scott Jarvie; Tim Jowett; Michael B. Thompson; Philip J Seddon; Alison Cree (1 July 2018). "Effects of Warm Temperatures on Metabolic Rate and Evaporative Water Loss in Tuatara, a Cool-Climate Rhynchocephalian Survivor". Ecological and Evolutionary Physiology. 91 (4): 950–966. doi:10.1086/698495. ISSN 1522-2152. PMID 29863954. Wikidata Q57178857.
* Ricardo de Sá Rocha Mello; Scott Jarvie; Lindsay Hazley; Alison Cree (2019). "Comparison among three body parts and three software packages to optimise photographic identification of a reptile (tuatara, Sphenodon punctatus)". Amphibia-Reptilia. 40 (2): 233–244. doi:10.1163/15685381-20181059. ISSN 0173-5373. Wikidata Q101402446.
* Josef Virens; Alison Cree (6 September 2019). "Pregnancy reduces critical thermal maximum, but not voluntary thermal maximum, in a viviparous skink". Journal of Comparative Physiology B. 189 (5): 611–621. doi:10.1007/S00360-019-01230-Y. ISSN 0174-1578. PMID 31493184. Wikidata Q93164259.
# Monks Collection

The Monks Collection is a collection of philatelic material relating to South African Airmails from 1911 to 1960 that forms part of the British Library Philatelic Collections. It was formed by David Monks and bequeathed to the Library in 1981. As of October 2007 it was held in six boxes.
# Save Us

"Save Us" is a song by British rock band Feeder. Taken from their compilation The Singles, it is one of the three new songs on the album. The DVD of the single includes footage of when the band visited The Congo, for the charity War Child who supports children living in war-torn countries. The members of Feeder are patrons of the charity themselves.
When the single charted, it entered at number 34, making it one of the bands smallest hits. However, it helped the compilation album The Singles improve its weekly chart performance for a few weeks bringing it back into the top 20 after a four-week spell holding at number 21. Before the release of the single, The Singles was already a platinum-selling album having already spent four weeks on the UK top ten album chart, thus denting its chances to chart high. Also, many high street and online retailers were selling the album for a slightly lower or slightly higher price, with very little difference than the "Save Us" single on all three of its formats.

## Track listings

CD
* "Save Us" - 3:51
* "Purify" - 3:51
* "Dove Grey Sands" (acoustic) - 4:05
7-inch white vinyl
* "Save Us" - 3:51
* "Purify" - 3:51
DVD
* "Save Us" (video)
* "Save Us" (Warchild Photogallery And Messages)
* "Save Us" (Landscapes Mix Instrumental)
* "Save Us" (Warchild Feeder In The Congo Video)
# Nagpuri

Nagpuri may refer to the following entities associated with India:
* Nagpuri people, an ethnic group native to Chota Nagpur, Jharkhand and surrounding areas
* Nagpuri language, or Sadri, an Indo-Aryan language spoken in Jharkhand and surrounding areas
* Nagpuri cinema, Indian cinema in the Nagpuri or Sadri language of Jharkhand
* Nagpuri dialect (Maharashtra), a variety of the Varhadi dialect spoken in Nagpur, Maharashtra
* Nagpuri (buffalo), a breed of cattle from Maharashtra
# Noor Akid Nordin

Noor Akid bin Nordin (born 28 October 1996) is a Singaporean footballer who last played as a midfielder for Albirex Niigata Singapore of the Singapore Premier League.

## Career statistics

    As of 10 January 2019.
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Balestier Khalsa | 2015 | S. League | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| Balestier Khalsa | 2018 | Singapore Premier League | 21 | 1 | 2 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 23 | 1 |
| Balestier Khalsa | Total | Total | 22 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 29 | 1 |
| Albirex Niigata Singapore | 2019 | Singapore Premier League | 6 | 1 | 2 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 8 | 1 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 28 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 37 | 2 |

### Notes

* ↑ Appearances in the AFC Cup
* 1 2 Appearances in the Singapore Cup
# Thomas Milton Rivers

Thomas Milton Rivers (September 3, 1888 – May 12, 1962) was an American bacteriologist and virologist. He has been described as the "father of modern virology."

## Life

Born in Jonesboro, Georgia, he graduated from Emory College in 1909 with a Bachelor of Arts degree. Immediately following graduation, Rivers was admitted to the Johns Hopkins Medical School. His plans of becoming a physician could not be realized at first as he was diagnosed with a neuromuscular degeneration which forced him to leave medical school and work as a laboratory assistant at a hospital in the Panama Canal Zone. When by 1912 the illness had not become worse he returned to Johns Hopkins and graduated in 1915. He stayed at Johns Hopkins until 1919.
In March 1922 he headed the infectious disease ward at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research and became the institute's director in June 1937. After retiring in 1956, he remained active with the Rockefeller Foundation. His work in the 1930s and 1940s contributed to making the institute a leader in viral research. In 1934 Rivers was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in section 10 (pathology and microbiology). As chairman of committees on research and vaccine advisory for the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, he oversaw the clinical trials of Jonas Salk's vaccine. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1942. He served in the armed forces medical corps during both World Wars. During the Second World War, Rivers led the Naval Medical Research Unit Two (NAMRU-2) in the South Pacific, rising to the rank of rear admiral.
In 1948 Rivers edited a standard book on viral and Rickettsial infections.
In 1958 he was inducted into the Polio Hall of Fame at Warm Springs, Georgia.
Rivers was married to Teresa Jacobina Riefle of Baltimore. Rivers died at Forest Hills, New York in 1962 and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery on account of his military rank.
# Sam Bates

Sam Bates may refer to:
* Sam Bates (rugby league) (born 1995), English rugby league footballer
* Sam Bates (cricketer) (born 1999), English cricketer
* Samantha Bates (born 1992), Australian cricketer
# Appayya

Appayya or Appaiah is an Indian name, and may refer to:
* Appaya (film), a Kannada romance film written, directed and co-produced by S. Narayan
* Appayya Dikshita, an expositor and practitioner of the Advaita Vedanta school of Hindu philosophy
* Appayya Swamigalu, a Guru and Sanyasi from Kodagu
# Arthur Payne

Arthur Payne may refer to:
* Arthur Payne (speedway rider) (born 1923), international speedway rider
* Arthur Payne (cricketer) (1831–1910), English amateur cricketer
* Arthur Gay Payne (1840–1894), English sports editor and writer on cookery
* Arthur Payne (politician) (born 1946), American politician in the Alabama House of Representatives
# Love of a Lifetime

Love of a Lifetime may refer to:
* Love of a Lifetime, a 1988 album by Edgar Meyer
* Love of a Lifetime, a 1998 album by Oteil and the Peacemakers
* "Love of a Lifetime" (FireHouse song), 1991
* "Love of a Lifetime" (Larry Gatlin song), 1988
* "Love of a Lifetime" (Honeyz song), 1999
* "Love of a Lifetime" (Chaka Khan song), 1986
# Andrea Jin

Andrea Jin (born 5 January 1996) is a Canadian comedian. She is best known for her 2021 comedy album Grandma's Girl, for which she won the 2022 Juno Award for Comedy Album of the Year.
Jin was born in China, and lived there until around age 10 when she moved to the Vancouver area. She attended Western University, but left before receiving a degree.
# Glenea regina

Glenea regina is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by James Thomson in 1865. It is known from Malaysia.