OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ability to benefit

Ability to benefit (ATB) is a term used in the context of post-secondary education in the United States to refer to students who have sufficient competency to benefit from post-secondary education but do not have a high school diploma or the Certificate of High School Equivalency. ATB, as assessed by government-approved tests, or high school Ed plan with 504 (IEP) with at least 1 year overlapping S.E.L.P.A as long as the student has taken and passed 5 hours of college or honors credits while on higher education plans. This is required for receiving financial aid by most US public colleges that admit students without a high school diploma or the certificate of equivalency. Until July 2012, such students could also receive student loans and grants from the US government if they had passed an approved ATB examination. However, the provision was dropped as part of the cuts to the Federal budget for fiscal year 2012.
In some US states such as California, even when such students are not requesting financial aid, private post-secondary institutions are "required, prior to executing an enrollment agreement with an ATB student, to have the student take and pass an independently administered examination from the list of examinations prescribed by the United States Department of Education" or have passed the 5 post Ed credits listed above.
According to Inside Higher Ed, in 2012 about 82,000 students at US public two-year colleges had been admitted under ATB (approximately 1% of the total community college population) although not all of them were receiving financial aid. A longitudinal study from the National Center for Education Statistics found that only 33% of students admitted under ATB in 2003 had earned a college credential by 2009. Evidence also suggested that they were more likely to default on student loans.
The US Government Accountability Office expressed concern, in 2009, that some for-profit colleges were helping students to cheat on the ATB examination or were falsifying the results in order for their students to receive Federal financial aid. Students who had received a Federal direct loan or a Federal Family Education Loan via ATB prior to 2012 can apply to have the loan forgiven or discharged if they can demonstrate that their school falsely certified their ability to benefit from its training.
# Loïc Hennekinne

Loïc Hennekinne (20 September 1940 – 18 April 2020) was a French government official and diplomat.

## Biography

Hennekinne studied at Sciences Po and the École nationale d'administration in Paris. He was arrested in 1962 for attending a meeting of Patrie en Progrès.
He was an advisor to French Foreign Minister Roland Dumas from 1988 to 1989, then a diplomatic advisor to President François Mitterrand from 1989 to 1991.
Hennekinne served numerous French ambassadorial roles, including in Indonesia, Japan, Canada, and Italy. He also served as Inspector General and Secretary General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
After the end of his public career, Hennekinne joined the Fondation Res Publica, founded by Jean-Pierre Chevènement, and was on its scientific council. He served as an advisor to Arnaud Montebourg during the 2017 French Socialist Party presidential primary on foreign policy issues.

## Distinctions

* Ambassadeur de France (1999)
* Officer of the Ordre national du Mérite (1998)
* Commander of the Legion of Honour (2007)
# Topoľčany District

Topoľčany District (okres Topoľčany) is a district in the Nitra Region of western Slovakia. It borders Nové Mesto nad Váhom District and Bánovce nad Bebravou District in the north, Piešťany District and Hlohovec District in the west, Partizánske District in the east and Nitra District and Zlaté Moravce District in the south. The district in its present form was established in 1996, before that date Topoľčany district had been composed of two present districts, Topoľčany District and Partizánske District.

## Municipalities

* Ardanovce
* Belince
* Biskupová
* Blesovce
* Bojná
* Čeľadince
* Čermany
* Chrabrany
* Dvorany nad Nitrou
* Hajná Nová Ves
* Horné Chlebany
* Horné Obdokovce
* Horné Štitáre
* Hrušovany
* Jacovce
* Kamanová
* Koniarovce
* Kovarce
* Krnča
* Krtovce
* Krušovce
* Kuzmice
* Lipovník
* Ludanice
* Lužany
* Malé Ripňany
* Nemčice
* Nemečky
* Nitrianska Blatnica
* Nitrianska Streda
* Norovce
* Oponice
* Orešany
* Podhradie
* Prašice
* Práznovce
* Preseľany
* Radošina
* Rajčany
* Šalgovce
* Solčany
* Solčianky
* Súlovce
* Svrbice
* Tesáre
* Topoľčany
* Tovarníky
* Tvrdomestice
* Urmince
* Veľké Dvorany
* Veľké Ripňany
* Velušovce
* Vozokany
* Závada
48°33′30″N 18°12′25″E﻿ / ﻿48.5583°N 18.2069°E﻿ / 48.5583; 18.2069
* This Nitra Region geography article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Meng Weiqiang

Meng Weiqiang (born May 31, 1989) is a Chinese baseball player who plays with the Guangdong Leopards in the China Baseball League. While primarily a catcher, he also is a pitcher and outfielder. This has led to some calling him 'The Chinese Ohtani'
Meng represented China at the 2012 Asia Series, 2012 Asian Baseball Championship, 2013 World Baseball Classic, 2013 East Asian Games, 2014 Asian Games, 2015 Asian Baseball Championship, 2017 World Baseball Classic and 2018 Asian Games.
# Marie-Joseph Farcot

Marie-Joseph-Denis Farcot (1798–1875) was a French engineer, inventor and manufacturer, working mainly with steam engines. His son, Joseph Farcot, was also a noted inventor.

## Early years

Marie-Joseph-Denis Farcot was born in 1798. His father was Joseph Jean Chrysostome Farcot, a former teacher at the college of Juilly, Seine-et-Marne. He was orphaned at a young age, and became an apprentice with Achille Colas and with Jecker, an expert maker of precision instruments. In 1820 he began work in the studio of Chaillot, where he learned steam engine construction. His training led him to create steam engines that were also precise instruments.

## Manufacturer and inventor

In 1823 Farcot established a workshop on the rue Neuve-Sainte-Geneviève. In 1829 he received a bronze medal for two inventions, a variable-speed pump and a pump with two pistons in one body, giving a continuous jet. In 1834 he was awarded a silver medal for an olive oil press. In 1836 Marie-Joseph Farcot patented the first method of steam distribution that gave almost complete variability to the regulator. In 1839 he had transferred his workshop to the rue Moreau, and that year received another silver medal for an innovative steam engine with variable power.
In 1846 he transferred his metallurgical factory to Saint-Ouen, Seine-Saint-Denis, where he purchased land covering 4 hectares (9.9 acres). The factory was accessible by railway branches from the north and the west. It mainly produced steam engines, but also made boilers, pumps and other products. The factory employed 145 workers in 1849, and 500 to 700 between 1872 and 1902. Marie-Joseph Farcot worked with his son, Jean Joseph Léon Farcot, who obtained many patents for mechanical engineering inventions, notably the servomechanism. Their company was called Farcot and Son.
In 1854 Marie-Joseph Farcot was awarded patents for two ways to modify Watt's governor so as to eliminate offset. In 1857 Marie-Joseph Farcot proposed a number of improvements to steam hammer design, including an arrangement so the steam acted from above, increasing the striking force, improved valve arrangements and the use of springs and material to absorb the shock and prevent breakage. He and his son Jean Joseph obtained another governor patent in 1862, and in 1864 a patent for a spring-loaded governor.
# Symphony No. 12 (Haydn)

The Symphony No. 12 in E major (Hoboken I/12) is a symphony by Joseph Haydn. The symphony was composed in 1763, at the age of 31, under the patronage of Prince Nikolaus Esterházy.
It is scored for 2 oboes, bassoon, 2 horns, strings and continuo. The symphony is homotonal and in three movements:
* Allegro, $^2$ $_2$
* Adagio, $^6$ $_8$ in E minor
* Presto, $^2$ $_4$
The second movement is in "siciliano", or rocking rhythm, similar to the pastoral slow movements of Symphonies 27 and B.
# Tarrawingee, New South Wales

31°27′18″S 141°28′55″E﻿ / ﻿31.455°S 141.482°E﻿ / -31.455; 141.482 Tarrawingee is a locality and a ghost town in the Far West region of New South Wales, some 60 kilometres (37 mi) north of the town of Broken Hill. The town was established in 1889 to exploit a deposit of limestone needed as flux for the smelters at Broken Hill. The township grew to accommodate 400 people and facilities included a post office, two pubs, a police station, a court house and a school. In 1898, smelting moved to Port Pirie and the limestone quarry closed. Today only the stone foundations of a few buildings remain.
Between 1890 and 1930, Tarrawingee was the terminus of the Tarrawingee Tramway. Used at first to cart limestone back to Broken Hill, it was later used as a stepping off point for coaches heading to places such as Tibooburra and Milparinka. The line closed permanently in 1932 and the lines were removed in 1936.
The town had a Hotel, Police Station and a school. A tram line was constructed to the town operated from 1890 to 1936. Tarrawingee is located on Campbells Creek near is headwaters.
# Martin Scharlemann

Martin George Scharlemann (born 6 December 1948) is an American topologist who is a professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He obtained his Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley under the guidance of Robion Kirby in 1974.
A conference in his honor was held in 2009 at the University of California, Davis. He is a Fellow of the American Mathematical Society, for his "contributions to low-dimensional topology and knot theory."
Abigail Thompson was a student of his. Together they solved the graph planarity problem: There is an algorithm to decide whether a finite graph in 3-space can be moved in 3-space into a plane.
He gave the first proof of the classical theorem that knots with unknotting number one are prime. He used hard combinatorial arguments for this. Simpler proofs are now known.

## Selected publications

* "Producing reducible 3-manifolds by surgery on a knot" Topology 29 (1990), no. 4, 481–500.
* with Abigail Thompson, "Heegaard splittings of (surface) x I are standard" Mathematische Annalen 295 (1993), no. 3, 549–564.
* "Sutured manifolds and generalized Thurston norms", Journal of Differential Geometry 29 (1989), no. 3, 557–614.
* with J. Hyam Rubinstein, "Comparing Heegaard splittings of non-Haken 3-manifolds" Topology 35 (1996), no. 4, 1005–1026
* "Unknotting number one knots are prime", Inventiones mathematicae 82 (1985), no. 1, 37–55.
* with Maggy Tomova, "Alternate Heegaard genus bounds distance" Geometry & Topology 10 (2006), 593–617.
* "Local detection of strongly irreducible Heegaard splittings" Topology and its Applications, 1998
* with Abigail Thompson – "Link genus and the Conway moves" Commentarii Mathematici Helvetici, 1989
* "Smooth spheres in $\mathbb {R} ^{4}$ with four critical points are standard" Inventiones mathematicae, 1985
* "Tunnel number one knots satisfy the Poenaru conjecture" Topology and its Applications, 1984
* with A Thompson – "Detecting unknotted graphs in 3-space" Journal of Differential Geometry, 1991
* with A Thompson – "Thin position and Heegaard splittings of the 3-sphere" J. Differential Geom, 1994
# Mahu-Rannametsa Nature Reserve

Mahu-Rannametsa Nature Reserve is a nature reserve which is located in Lääne-Viru County, Estonia.
The area of the nature reserve is 413 ha.
The protected area was founded in 2006 to protect valuable habitat types and threatened species in Mahu, Pärna and Unukse village (all in former Viru-Nigula Parish).
# Theatre Topics

Theatre Topics is a peer-reviewed academic journal established in 1991. It is an official publication of the Association for Theatre in Higher Education. The journal covers theater arts, with a focus on performance studies, dramaturgy, and theater pedagogy. It is intended to inform readers of notable trends on-stage and in performing arts education. The editor-in-chief is Noe Montez of Tufts University. John Fletcher at Louisiana State University serves as associate editor, Margherita Laera is the journal's online editor and Jessical Del Vecchio is the book reviews editor.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in Arts and Humanities Citation Index, Avery Index to Architectural Periodicals, Bibliography of Asian Studies, Current Contents/Arts & Humanities, Dietrich's Index Philosophicus, Humanities Index, Humanities International Index, International Bibliography of Periodical Literature, and MLA International Bibliography.
# Registered Designs Act 1949

The Registered Designs Act 1949 (12, 13 & 14 Geo. 6. c. 88) is an act in the United Kingdom concerning copyright and related rights, industrial designs, patents, protection of undisclosed information. The purpose of the act was to consolidate certain enactments relating to registering designs. "The Act prescribes that where an application for the registration of a design has been abandoned or refused, information filed in pursuance of the registration shall not be open to public inspection".
Part IV of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 contains a certain number of amendments to the Registered Designs Act 1949.

## Registrable designs and proceedings for registration

A design which complies with the conditions mentioned in article 1 of CDR.
# Tommy Crook

Tommy Crook is an American guitarist who lives in Tulsa, Oklahoma. He was inducted into the Oklahoma Music Hall of Fame in 2007.

## Professional career

Crook played fingerstyle. He replaced the lower two strings on his Gibson switchmaster with bass strings, allowing him to create the impression of playing bass and guitar simultaneously.
Crook has played with many artists including J.J. Cale, Chet Atkins, Merle Haggard and Leon Russell.

## Personal information

Crook was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma, on February 16, 1944. He began playing guitar at the age of four and by the age ten had started appearing on local television in Tulsa. He became the father of Kaycie Crook on September 4, 1975. He became the grandfather of Ashleigh Brazell on January 28, 1997.

## Discography

* Mr. Guitar and Mr. Drums, 1968.
* Tommy Crook, 1989.
* World of Fingerstyle Jazz Guitar, Release Date: September 29, 2003, Format: DVD-Video.
* 110° In The Shade—Guitar Duets with Anthony Weller, 2002
* Night and Day- Tommy Crook and Shelby Eicher, 1991, Format: cassette
* Tommy Crook Plays Unforgettable and Other Favorites, 2004. Format CD
# Amphibolia valentina

Amphibolia valentina is a species of fly in the family Tachinidae.

## Distribution

Australia.
# Ahmed Rasheed

Ahmed Rasheed may refer to:
* Ahmed Rasheed (footballer), Maldivian footballer
* Ahmed Rasheed (cricketer), Pakistani first class cricketer
# Sychnant Pass

Sychnant Pass (Welsh: Bwlch Sychnant, "Dry-stream Pass") in Conwy County Borough, Wales, links Conwy to Penmaenmawr via Dwygyfylchi. Much of the pass is in Snowdonia National Park, and a large area of land within it has been designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest. At the bottom is the village of Capelulo, which lends its name to the community of Penmaenmawr.
Before the coming of the railway to the North Wales coast, the road through Sychnant Pass was the route of choice for mail coaches at high tide, when the faster and safer route along the sands was unusable. After leaving Conwy, the route runs westward through the valley on the south side of Mynydd y Dref (Conwy Mountain), which is topped by the hillfort of Castell Caer Seion. There are parallel tracks and footpaths (including the North Wales Path) on Mynydd y Dref for most of the way.
Also Allt-Wen (837 ft, 255 m) and Penmaenbach (804 ft, 245 m) can be climbed from here.
At the western end of the valley, the Sychnant Pass Road runs between the stone walls of the Pensychnant estate and through a narrow gap in the surrounding hills before descending steeply to the valley floor at Capelulo, reputedly the site of an early medieval chapel of Saint Ulo. Here there are two inns, a restaurant and a bistro, and in the ravine behind the inns is Nant Ddaear-y-llwynog (the Fairy Glen), a Victorian nature trail. From Capelulo it is an easy walk or short drive to the coast at Penmaenmawr.
# List of original copies of the Porter Garden Telescope

This is a list of the known original copies of The Porter Garden Telescope. For information purposes, are also included those copies that their location are currently unknown, but there are records with some of their data.
| Serial Number | Last Known Owner | Location | Features / Accessories | Status / Functionality | Information | Last information |
| 2 | Private collector | | | | Conference with exhibition of the copy. | 24 October 2018 |
| 3 | Private collector | | | | List of copies. | Autumn, 2007 |
| 10 | Calusa Nature Center & Planetarium | Fort Myers, Florida | Non-original optics. | Defects. | Offered for sale. | March, 2008 |
| 13 | Observatorio de Cincinnati | Cincinnati, Ohio | Helical focuser. | Complete. | Photo. | September, 2016 |
| 17 | Private collector | | No patina. Double ocular for two simultaneous users. | Complete in the absence of some eyepieces. | Conference with exhibition of the copy. | 30 October 2010 |
| 21 | Private collector | | Original concrete pedestal. | Missed optics. | Winning bid of $9,500. | 17 June 2012 |
| 28 | Private collector | | | | List of copies. | Autumn, 2007 |
| 31 | The Springfield Telescope Makers, Inc. | Springfield, Vermont | Original wooden case. | Damaged primary mirror. Prism absent on exhibition. | List of copies. | Autumn, 2007 |
| 36 | Private collector | | | | List of copies. | Autumn, 2007 |
| 42 | Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History | Santa Barbara, California | Only survive the original pieces called bell and blade-bowl set. | Missing elements Functional restoration. | Photo. | March, 2014 |
| 43 | Private collector | | Rack and pinion focuser. | Missing elements. Lack of mirror, eyepieces, prism and base. | Sold at auction for $1,845. Photos. | November, 2014 |
| 44 | Private collector | | | | List of copies. | Autumn, 2007 |
| 46 | Private collector | | | | List of copies. | Autumn, 2007 |
| 47 | Mount Cuba Astronomical Observatory | Greenville, Delaware | Original wooden case. | Complete. | | July, 2007 |
| 49 | National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution | Washington DC | Rack and pinion focuser. | Complete. Mirror requires reconditioning. | Out of exhibition. Stored. | July, 2018 |
| 52 | Buffalo Museum of Science | Buffalo, New York | Rack and pinion focuser. | Complete. Reconditioned. | | July, 2018 |
| 53 | Private collector | | | | List of copies. | Autumn, 2007 |
| 54 | Longwood Gardens | Kennett Square, Pennsylvania | Unpolluted, no patina. | Missing original optics. | Photo. | December, 2012 |
| Without Number | Private collector | | No numeration assigned by the manufacturer (valued authenticity by manufacturing details). | Incomplete. Missing base and optics. | Photos. Winning bid of $3,000. | August, 2013 |
# Ta-Chia-hsi revolt

The Ta Chia-Hsi Revolt (Chinese: 大甲西社抗清事件; also Taikasei revolt) of 1731-32 was a major aboriginal revolt on Formosa, which saw the Taokas tribe take up arms against the Qing authorities following a series of issues with the corvee labor policy. The Taokas swept southward and were joined by other plains aboriginal groups, stopping to lay siege to the walled city of Changhua. The revolt ended following the Qing enlisting the help of the An-li tribe and Green Standard troops from the south.
Davidson (1903) The Island of Formosa, Past and Present. https://archive.org/details/islandofformosap00davi
# Thelypodium flexuosum

Thelypodium flexuosum is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common name nodding thelypody. It is native to the Great Basin and surrounding plateau habitat in the northwestern United States, from California and Nevada to Idaho.
It grows in scrubby habitat among the shrubs of the sagebrush.
Thelypodium flexuosum is a perennial herb growing from a woody caudex covered with layers of the dried bases of previous seasons' leaves. It has a deep taproot. It produces slender, branching, bending or erect stems up to 60 or 80 centimeters in maximum height. The basal leaves have waxy, lance-shaped blades on long petioles. Leaves higher on the plant are shorter and have bases that clasp the stem. The inflorescence is a dense, spikelike raceme of mustardlike flowers with lavender or whitish petals. The fruit is a cylindrical silique up to 4 centimeters long with several seeds inside.
# Luc Salvas

Luc Salvas (born November 21, 1962) is a Canadian professional pool player. His quick-paced speed pool play has earned him the nickname "Machine Gun".
Born in Yamaska, Quebec, in 1962, he won the first International Speed Pool Challenge and the US$50,000 winner-take-all purse by defeating Great Britain's Dave Pearson. He returned the next year to defend his title but was defeated in the semi-finals by Bobby McGrath of the United States, the eventual winner of the tournament. In 2009, Salvas returned to play in the same tournament and won it for the second time, defeating Pearson again in the finals. He successfully defended his title in 2010 by defeating McGrath.
Despite his fast performance, he has yet to dominate any of the major nine-ball or eight-ball tournaments.
# Mohamed Hassan Tita

Mohamed Hassan Tita was a member of the Egyptian Islamic Jihad who was living in Albania. He was one of 14 people subjected to extraordinary rendition by the CIA prior to the 2001 declaration of a War on Terror.
He was ostensibly linked to the 1995 plot to blow up the Khan el-Khalili market, as well as the assassination of Speaker of Parliament Rifaat el-Mahgoub in October 1990.
Together with the other three Returnees brought from Tirana, his capture and torture were listed as the main reasons for the 1998 United States embassy bombings.