OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sambuvarayar

The Sambuvarayar (Tamil: சம்புவராயர்) chieftains once ruled the Tondaimandalam region of South India. Among them was Edirili Chola Sambhuvaraya, a vassal under Rajadhiraja Chola II and Kulotunga Chola III, who ruled the northern part of Tondaimandalam, now comprising the districts of Vellore, Tiruvannamalai, Kancheepuram, Cuddalore, Tiruvallur, Nellore, and Chittoor. Later during the 14th century when the Telugu Cholas, Hoysala and Pandya kingdoms went into decline, the Sambuvarayas ruled their regions independently. Two chiefs of the family namely, Venrumankonda Sambuvaraya (1322 CE) and Rajanarayana Sambuvaraya (1337 CE), issued records in their own regnal years.

## Origin

The Sambuvarayas were chiefs who rose to power under the imperial Cholas. The Sambhuvaraya capital was at Marudaraya Padaveedu, now known as Padavedu in Polur taluk, Tiruvannamalai district, Tamil Nadu. Padaveedu (also spelt Padavedu) is the site of the popular Sri Renukambal Temple.

## Rajagambhiram fort

The vassal had constructed a hill fort, Rajagambhiram, at present day Padaveedu, to watch and control the movements of the northern enemies. The fort has four gates in four directions. The northern gate was now called as Shanta gate. The other gates were damaged. While the eastern gate was in a dilapidated condition, the western gate on which was found the inscription has been completely damaged. This gate was named after Puvandai alias Cholakon, one of the soldier in the military service of Edhirili Chola Sambhuvaraya. One hero stone has been erected on the plains, north of the Shanta gate.
The fort was constructed with granite with a perimeter extending to 2 kilometres (1.2 mi). This fort once had residences and `pandals' for warriors who were posted for duties. Holes had been made on the rock surface in such a way as to erect round tents. One could see nine tent areas on the top of the hill. Besides, four water tanks had been created to provide drinking water. Two natural water ponds were also available in the fort. Near the big tank a mortar with one foot depth and one foot diameter was dug and used. The area also revealed clear traces of Shiva and Vinayaka temples. Stone blocks, bricks each measuring 10 inches x 7 inches, lime mortar and sand were used in the construction of the fort walls.

## Decline

The Sambuvarayas lost power and went into decline with the rapid expansion of the Vijayanagar empire in the 14th century. Rajanarayana Sambuvaraya allied with the Vijayanagar ruler Harihara I against the Sultanate of Madura but was later killed by Harihara's brother Bukka Raya I who sought to bring most of South India under his rule.
# Samar-class offshore patrol vessel

Samar class of offshore patrol vessels are series of five ships built by Goa Shipyard Limited, Vasco da Gama, Goa for the Indian Coast Guard.

## Design and description

The construction of vessels was ordered in April 1990 and these ships are half-sisters to seven Sukanya-class patrol vessel units in the Indian Navy. A total of twelve were originally planned and then cut to six. The vessels are intended for offshore patrol duties for the protection of oil platforms and the Indian exclusive economic zone.
The vessels in this class are 102 meters (334 ft 8 in) long with a beam of 11.6 meters (38 ft 1 in). They are powered by two Kirloskar-SEMT-Pielstick diesel engines (8,000 hp, 6,000 kW) driving two propellers and have a range 7,000 nautical miles (13,000 km; 8,100 mi) at a cruising speed of 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph). The Samar-class ships feature an Integrated Bridge System (IBS), Integrated Machinery Control System (IMCS), high power External Fire Fighting System, two Indian-built 30 mm gun mounts and one 76 mm OTO Melara dual-purpose gun. Besides, the ships are provided with a BEL-made onboard day/night infrared surveillance system to detect elusive targets which can evade radar detection due to their small radar cross-section (RCS) or higher sea state.

### Capability

Each ship carries a single Dhruv Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH), with dedicated hangar and flight deck, and five high speed boats. The vessels also have towing capacity for salvage and Inmarsat satellite communications. They have accommodation for a crew of 12 officers and 112 enlisted sailors. Additional accommodation has also been provided for passengers.

## Operational history

On 25 August 2024, Indian Coast Guard rescued 11 crew members from a sinking merchant vessel MV ITT Puma. The MV was travelling from Kolkata to Port Blair when it sank 90 nautical miles south of Sagar Island due to adverse weather and sea environment. The search and rescue operation was conducted in coordination by ICGS Amogh(an Aadesh-class patrol vessel) , ICGS Sarang and an ICG Dornier 228 aircraft.

## List of ships

Ships of the class :
| Name | Pennant | Builder | Laid down | Launched | Commissioned | Decommissioned | Homeport |
| ICGS Samar | 42 | Goa Shipyard | 1990 | 26 August 1992 | 14 February 1996 | 5 November 2023 | Kochi |
| ICGS Sangram | 43 | Goa Shipyard | 1992 | 18 March 1995 | 29 March 1997 | 8 November 2023 | Goa |
| ICGS Sarang | 44 | Goa Shipyard | 1993 | 8 March 1997 | 21 June 1999 | | Chennai |
| ICGS Sagar | 45 | Goa Shipyard | 1999 | 14 December 2001 | 3 November 2003 | | Chennai |

## Gallery

* ICGS Sarang during fire dousing operation.
# Alma Preinkert

Alma Preinkert (October 22, 1895 – February 28, 1954) was the registrar at the University of Maryland before being murdered by an intruder at her Washington, D.C. home. A Maryland alumna and a beloved figure in the university community, her murder sent shockwaves through the area. Although a large investigation ensued, her attacker was never identified.
A building on the university's College Park campus, the Preinkert Field House (which currently contains the National Center for Smart Growth and the Environmental Finance Center), and Preinkert Drive are named after Alma Preinkert.
# Sam Phan Bok

Sam Pan Bok (Thai: สามพันโบก) is a seasonal attraction and also known as the "Grand Canyon of Thailand" and is the biggest rock reef in the Mekong River. Sam Phan Bok is a group of sandstone that has been eroded by stream from the Mekong River every rainy season until this area has more than 3,000 Bok with countless basins and potholes. It is located 700km from Bangkok. Sam Phan Bok translates as '3,000 shallow lakes'. Sam Pan Bok is in northeastern Thailand (Isan), on the bank of the Mekong. Administratively, it is in Baan Phong Pao, Lao Ngam Sub-district, Pho Sai District, Ubon Ratchathani Province. The holes in the sandstone rocks had developed over millions of years. There are different sections of Sam Phan Bok including Hat Hong, Pak Bong and Lak Sila Lek.
# All Night Cinema

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| BBC | positive |
All Night Cinema is the third album from British electronic music artist Just Jack. The lead single "Embers" was released in March 2009 and reached #17 on the UK Singles Chart. The second single was set to be Doctor Doctor but despite a video being made and receiving over 15,000 views, the song only got minor airplay by XFM. Due to this the second single was "The Day I Died", released on 17 August, which surpassed "Embers" and reached #11 on the same chart. The album was released on 31 August 2009, reaching #22 on the UK album charts.

## Track listing

* "Embers" – 3:26
* "253" – 3:59
* "The Day I Died" – 3:35
* "Doctor Doctor" – 3:34
* "So Wrong" – 3:19
* "Blood" – 3:35
* "All Night Cinema" – 5:06
* "Astronaut" 3:44
* "Goth in the Disco" – 3:55
* "Lo and Behold" – 2:51
* "Basement" – 4:17
# Stéphane Javelle

Stéphane Javelle (Lyon, 16 November 1864 – 3 August 1917) was a French astronomer. Since 1888 he worked assisting Henri Perrotin at the Nice Observatory, and observed 1431 objects published in the Index Catalogue. He initially worked as an accountant before his employer's friend, Louis Thollon recommended him to Perrotin. He was awarded the Valz Prize in 1910 by the French Academy of Sciences.
# Miconia aligera

Miconia aligera is a species of plant in the family Melastomataceae. It is endemic to Peru.
# List of ship decommissionings in 1986

The list of ship decommissionings in 1986 includes a chronological list of all ships decommissioned in 1986.
| | Operator | Ship | Flag | Class and type | Fate | Other notes |
| 2 January | Effoa | Silja Star | Finland | ferry | Sold to Sea Containers | Renamed Orient Express |
| March | Birka Line | Prinsessan | Sweden | ferry | Laid up, sold to Louis Cruise Lines in March 1987 | Renamed Princesa Marissa |
| 26 April | Rederi Ab Sally (Viking Line traffic) | Viking Saga | Finland | cruiseferry | Transferred to Sally Cruise | Renamed Sally Albatross |
| 18 July | Townsend Thoresen | Tiger | United Kingdom | ferry | Sold to SF Line | Renamed Ålandfärjan for Viking Line traffic |
| 11 October | Royal Navy | Glamorgan | | County-class destroyer | Sold to Chile | Renamed Almirante Latorre (D14) |
| December | Sea Containers | Orient Express | Bermuda | Cruise ship | Chartered to Club Sea | Renamed Club Sea |
# Lorenzo Rustici

Lorenzo Rustici (1512–1572) was an Italian painter of the Renaissance period, active mainly in his native city of Siena, Italy. He was also known as Il Rustico or Lorenzo di Cristoforo Rustici. His sons were Vincenzo and Cristoforo Rustici. A specific contract for his work in painting the ceiling of the Loggia della Corte de Mercanti in Siena is known. He painted in the church of San Pietro alla Magione in Siena.

## Sources

* ↑ A pictorial chronicle of Siena, By William Heywood, (1902) page 119.
* ↑ Documenti per la storia dell'arte senese, raccolti ed illustrata. Volume 3 by Gaetano Milanesi. (1856) Page 217.
# Roger L. Dell

Roger L. Dell (July 19, 1897 – March 8, 1966) was an American businessman, lawyer, and jurist.
Born in Bird Island, Minnesota, Dell graduated from Shakopee High School in Shakopee, Minnesota, in 1916. He received his law degree, in 1920, from Saint Paul College of Law (now William Mitchell College of Law). He was admitted to the Minnesota Bar and moved to Fergus Falls. He practiced there with several different law partners until Governor C. Elmer Anderson appointed him to the Minnesota Supreme Court in January 1953. He served as chief justice from 1953 to 1962. After his retirement in 1962, Dell managed and was president of Fergus Properties. Dell died in a hospital in Minneapolis, Minnesota of a heart attack just before he was going undergo heart surgery.
# 64th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)

The 64th Division (第64師団, Dai-rokujūyon Shidan) was an infantry division of the Imperial Japanese Army. Its call sign was the Open Division (開兵団, Kai Heidan). It was formed on 1 May 1943 in Hubei province, simultaneously with the 62nd and 63rd divisions as a security (type C) division. The nucleus for the formation was the 12th Independent Mixed Brigade from Chuzhou. As a security division, it lacked an artillery regiment. The men of the division were drafted from the Hiroshima mobilization district.

## Action

On 10 July 1943, the 64th division was assigned to the 20th army. The division was then garrisoned in Yangzhou, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, Zhenjiang, and Wuxi. With the 11th army planning the Battle of Changsha in March 1944, the 64th division was reassigned to the Changsha area.
The 64th division started to participate in Operation Ichi-Go from October 1944. It was still in Changsha on the day of the surrender of Japan on 15 August 1945.
The divisions were able to concentrate at headquarters from 6 September 1945. On 1 May 1946 evacuation started via the Yueyang - Wuchang - Hankou - Zhengzhou - Xuzhou - Nanjing route, finally arriving in Shanghai on 10 June 1946. On 20 June six parties sailed from Shanghai to Sasebo and were demobilized on 15 July 1946. 79 men left Shanghai on 24 June 1946, and arrived at Kagoshima on 2 July to be immediately demobilized. The first large batch, the veterinary department and other auxiliaries, totaling 344 men, sailed from Shanghai on 25 June 1946, arriving at Sasebo on 26 June 1946, and at Fukuoka on 1 July 1946. That batch was demobilized on 6 July 1946. On 1 July 1946, main divisional troops started to depart from Shanghai, and the last batch of 532 soldiers was demobilized in Uraga on 1 August 1946.
# Straussler

Straussler, Straeußler, Strässler, Sträßler, Strauss, Straessler, Stroessner, Strasser, Strassler, and the like may refer to:

## People

* Ernst Sträussler (1872–1959), Austrian neuropathologist
* Nicholas Straussler (1891–1966), Hungarian-born British engineer
* Tomáš Straussler (born 1937), the original name of the playwright, Sir Tom Stoppard
* Johann Strauss II (1825–1899), Austrian composer and son of Johann Strauss.
* Johann Strauss (1804–1849), Austrian composer and father of Johann Strauss II.
* Gregor Strasser (1892–1934), Early prominent Nazi German Politician and Officer. Ideological leader of Strasserism along with his brother Otto Strasser.
* Otto Strasser (1897–1974), German politician and early Nazi party member. Ideological leader of Strasserism along with his brother Gregor Strasser.

## Fictional characters

* Maria Straussler, the female lead in the second segment of The Adventures of Young Indiana Jones film Masks of Evil

## Other

* Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome, a condition named after Ernst Sträussler and others
* Strasbourg (UK: /ˈstræzbɜːrɡ/, US: /ˈstræs-, ˈstr ɑːsbʊərɡ, ˈstrɑːzbʊərɡ, -bɜːrɡ, .... That name is of Germanic origin and means "Town (at the crossing) of roads"
# Strausz

Strausz is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alexander Strausz (1829–1905), Hungarian-American brewer, architect, educator, and cartographer
* Gyula Strausz (1880–1949), Hungarian athlete
* Ján Strausz (1942–2017), Slovak footballer
* Otto P. Strausz (1924–2019), Hungarian-born Canadian chemist
* Robert Strausz-Hupé (1903–2002), Austrian-born American diplomat
# 4464

4464 may refer to:
* 4-4-6-4, a Whyte notation classification of steam locomotive
* 4464 Vulcano, a minor planet
# 446 Aeternitas

446 Aeternitas is a main belt asteroid. It was discovered by Max Wolf and A. Schwassmann on 27 October 1899 in Heidelberg. It is classified as an A-type asteroid. The asteroid is roughly 45 km in diameter and has a high albedo.
# Loving Couples

Loving Couples may refer to:
* Loving Couples (1964 film), a 1964 Swedish film
* Loving Couples (1980 film), a 1980 American film
# 54th meridian

54th meridian may refer to:
* 54th meridian east, a line of longitude east of the Greenwich Meridian
* 54th meridian west, a line of longitude west of the Greenwich Meridian
| 54°class=notpageimage| 54th meridian west | 54°class=notpageimage| 54th meridian east |
# Letter on the Blind

In Letter on the Blind for the Use of those who can see (French: Lettre sur les aveugles à l'usage de ceux qui voient, 1749), Denis Diderot takes on the question of visual perception, a subject that, at the time, experienced a resurgence of interest due to the success of medical procedures that allowed surgeons to operate on cataracts (demonstrated in 1728 by William Cheselden and 1747 by Jacques Daviel) and certain cases of blindness from birth. Speculations were then numerous upon what the nature and use of vision was, and how much perception, habit, and experience allow individuals to identify forms in space, to perceive distances and to measure volumes, or to distinguish a realistic work of art from reality.
According to Diderot's essay, a blind person who is suddenly able to see for the first time does not immediately understand what he sees, and he must spend some amount of time establishing rapports between his experience of forms and distances (understandings that he first acquired by touch) and the images that were thereafter apparent to him by sight.

## Religion

In the work Diderot revealed his atheist stance, which was revolutionary at the time. He was imprisoned for that, but protection of people associated with the Encyclopédie led to his liberation after a few months.
# Richmond Pharmacology

Richmond Pharmacology Ltd is a UK-based contract research organization. It was founded in 2001 by Jorg Taubel, Radivoj Arezina, and Ulrike Lorch.

## Operations

The organization conducts early phase clinical trials on behalf of companies developing drugs, as well as carrying out clinical research of its own design and funding. As of 2015, it was one of fourteen UK MHRA accredited Phase I units, conducted approximately 10% of all Phase I trials conducted in the UK, and had about 100 employees. It conducts research at a single site in London Bridge formally known as Guy's Drug Research Unit.

## Legal cases

In May 2015 it prompted a judicial review to prevent new rules from the UK Health Research Authority (HRA) from being implemented in April 2015. The new rules mandated that all drug companies and CROs in the UK register all clinical trials before the first participant is recruited, declare who sponsored the study, and publish the outcome of studies, not only for future trials, but for trials already approved and underway; these rules were supported by advocates for more transparency in clinical research, notably AllTrials. After Richmond filed suit the HRA amended the rules to remove the requirement to register trials that were already underway. Richmond's suit was narrowed several times as it proceeded and eventually was focused on the question of whether the retrospective application of transparency regulations to trials registered and approved before September 2013 was based in law, as the HRA had stated in its April 2015 revision of its documentation. The court ruled that while the HRA had the right to impose such rules, they were not based on law, and HRA did state that they were; the HRA paid £75,000 to cover part of Richmond's legal costs.
Richmond was involved in a UK employment law case that established a precedent that there are two kinds of liability under UK workplace harassment law – "purpose" and "effect". In Richmond Pharmacology v. Dhaliwal Richmond appealed an employment tribunal ruling concerning remarks made by a manager to an employee in 2007; the tribunal ruled that the remarks had the effect of harassment - that the remarks were seen as derogatory and were based on the employee's ethnicity and gender - although harassment was not intended. In 2009, the appeal tribunal upheld the original tribunal decision.
# Sugar Ray (disambiguation)

Sugar Ray is an American alternative rock band.
Sugar Ray may also refer to:

## Music

* Sugar Ray (album), Sugar Ray's 2001 self-titled album
* Sugar Ray Norcia (born 1954), an American musician best known for his work with his backing band The Bluetones
* Sugaray Rayford (born 1969), an American soul blues singer and songwriter

## Boxing

* Sugar Ray Robinson (1921–1989), American boxer often cited as the greatest of all time
* Sugar Ray Leonard (born 1956), American boxer declared the "Boxer of the Decade" for the 1980s
* Sugar Ray Seales (born 1952), American boxer and 1972 Olympic champion

## Other

* "Sugar" Ray Emery (1982–2018), Canadian hockey goaltender
* Sugar Ray Lloyd, another ring name of Glacier (wrestler), professional wrestler Raymond M. Lloyd (born 1964)
* Sugar Ray Marimón (born 1988), Colombian baseball pitcher
* Micheal "Sugar" Ray Richardson (born 1955), American former National Basketball Association player and former professional basketball head coach
* Ray 'Sugar Ray' Robinson, Australian indigenous political leader
* "Sugar" Ray Hall (basketball) (born 1962), American basketball player
# Li Lianghui

Li Lianghui (Chinese: 李良辉; born May 1940) is a lieutenant general in the People's Liberation Army of China. He was a member of the 15th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. He was a member of the Standing Committee of the 10th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

## Biography

Li was born in Shen County (now Shenzhou), Hebei, in May 1940. In June 1958, he became an apprentice in the Garage of the Logistics Department of the Beijing Military Region. He enlisted in the People's Liberation Army (PLA) in September 1961, and joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in December 1963. He served in the People's Liberation Army Air Force Airborne Corps for a long time and eventually became its commander in May 1983. In June 1990, he became deputy commander of the Ningxia Military District, rising to commander in July 1993. In March 1997, he was commissioned as deputy commander of the Lanzhou Military Region and commander of the Xinjiang Military District, he remained in that position until October 2000. On 8 September 2000, a vehicle carrying military ammunition and materials was destroyed by the garrison exploded on the Xishan Road in the western suburb of Ürümqi, Xinjiang, killing at least 73 people, injuring more than 300 people, and damaging more than 30 cars and nearby houses. Li and his partner Zhou Yongshun [zh], political commissar of the Xinjiang Military Region, both were removed from office by the Central Military Commission. In January 2001, Li was transferred to the Jinan Military Region and appointed deputy commander, and served until 2003.
He was promoted to the rank of major general (shaojiang) in July 1990 and lieutenant general (zhongjiang) in July 1998.
# Riese Bernard

Marie Lyn Bernard (born 1981), known professionally as Riese Bernard, is an American writer and digital media executive. She is best known as the CEO and co-founder of the lesbian and queer women's interest website Autostraddle. Bernard received a 2017 GLAAD Media Award nomination for her article, “105 Trans Women On American TV: A History and Analysis”.

## Early life and education

Bernard was born and raised in Michigan. Her father, Victor L. Bernard, a scholar, researcher and professor in the field of financial statement analysis, died of a heart attack when she was 14 years old. Her mother came out to her as gay shortly after her father's death.
She graduated from Interlochen Arts Academy in 1999 with a major in Creative Writing. After graduating from University of Michigan with a bachelor's degree in English in 2003, she moved to New York City to pursue a career in writing.

## Career

In 2007, Bernard created The Road Best Straddled, a spin-off of her personal blog This Girl Called Automatic Win, to recap The L Word, then in its fourth season. This led to collaborations with The L Word Online and Showtime and her blogs gained sizeable followings. She also interned at the now-defunct website Nerve and worked for the Donald Maass Literary Agency.
Bernard has published writing in Marie Claire, Curve, GO, Queerty, Bitch, Jezebel and Emily Books. Her article “105 Trans Women On American TV: A History and Analysis” was nominated for a 2017 GLAAD Media Award. In 2018, Bernard's profile of Hayley Kiyoko was the cover story for Nylon's first-ever Pride Issue.

### Autostraddle

At the end of the final season of The L Word in 2009, she created Autostraddle.com with her then-girlfriend Alex Vega, with the intention of creating a digital website focused on gay women. Bernard stated she was inspired to create the website because nothing else like it existed at the time. The website received a GLAAD Media Award in 2015 and receives 4 million unique page views per month. In 2012, she created A-Camp, an annual 5-day "curated conference/camp/retreat combo" for queer women and trans people, located in Ojai, California.

## Personal life

Bernard first began to identify as a bisexual, and then as a lesbian, in her twenties. Bernard is Jewish. She is divorced and lives in Los Angeles.

## Accolades

* 2010 – 100 Women We Love, GO
* 2011 – 100 Women We Love, GO
* 2016 – 100 Women We Love, GO
* 2017 – GLAAD Media Award (nomination), GLAAD
* 2018 – Queero, Them
# Macrobathra phernaea

Macrobathra phernaea is a moth in the family Cosmopterigidae. It was described by Oswald Bertram Lower in 1899. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from New South Wales.