OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sooty mustached bat

The sooty mustached bat (Pteronotus quadridens) is a species of bat in the family Mormoopidae. It is found in throughout the Greater Antilles, in Cuba, Hispaniola (the Dominican Republic and Haiti), Jamaica, and Puerto Rico.

## Description

The sooty mustached bat is the smallest species in the genus Pteronotus. Color phases in this bat are indicators of age differences or bleaching due to high concentrations of ammonia in the roost. As a result, color ranges from grayish brown to yellowish brown with some individuals reaching an orange-brown phase. The body is completely covered in fur except for the wings and tail membrane. The length of mandible is 8–9 millimetres (0.31–0.35 in) and their forearm is less than 41 millimetres (1.6 in) in length. The margin above nostril is lobulated and slightly convex.

### Mating and reproduction

Sooty mustached bats are monestrous and uniparous most of the time with twinning rarely occurring. Based on the testicular size, mating begins in January and most females are pregnant in May. The pregnant female undergoes an increase in body mass of 38%. The largest embryo reported weighed 1.8 grams (0.063 oz), or 30.2% of the female's body mass. Throughout the breeding season, either males or females might disappear completely into caves. However, there is a marked shift in adult sex ratio favoring females. This suggests sexual segregation during the maternity period.

## Ecology

Pteronotus quadridens roost exclusively in caves. They are one of the most common bats in Cuba and Puerto Rico. All currently known fossils of Pteronotus quadridens are believed to be from late Pleistocene or Holocene epochs. The ancestors of Pteronotus quadridens are also expected to have originated on the Central American mainland.
Pteronotus quadridens is an insectivorous bat feeding almost exclusively on flying insects. They start foraging approximately 10 minutes before sunset and continue to do so overnight. Almost all foraging is done in flight.
There are two respective patterns of echolocation calls in the field. First they call with quasi-constant frequency at 81–84 kHz, followed by a downward, frequency-modulated (FM) call. When the bats are flying in confined spaces, the call duration will be shorter and the bandwidth higher than the ones emitted during the search calls in the field.
Pteronotus quadridens are susceptible to predation by diurnal birds since they are the first to leave just after the sunsets. Raptors such as the American kestrel, red-tailed hawk and merlin are among a few of the sooty mustached bat's predators.
# Spanjer

Spanjer is a surname of Dutch origin, originating as a habitational name for someone from Spain. Notable people with the surname include:
* Harry Spanjer (1873–1958), American lightweight and welterweight boxer
* Ralph H. Spanjer (1920–1999), American major general
# Phanus (mythology)

In Greek mythology, Phanus (Ancient Greek: Φᾶνος means "light, bright, torch") was one of the Argonauts who sailed to Colchis in the quest of retrieving the Golden Fleece. He was the son of Dionysus and brother of Staphylus, another of the Argo crew. Their mother was likely Ariadne of Crete. Phanus' other brothers were Thoas, king of Lemnos and Oenopion, king of Chios.
# Madison Reed

Madison Reed is an American brand of hair care and hair color products. The company has a subscription-based service through its online store as well as partnerships with Ulta, Sephora and QVC, among others. Madison Reed was founded in 2013 by Amy Errett and is headquartered in San Francisco.

## Background

In 2017, Madison Reed opened brick-and-mortar "Color Bars" in San Francisco and New York City for root touch-ups and glosses. Errett was named one of Inc.'s Female Founders 100 list in 2018. Madison Reed announced that it would begin using "raw photography" in all advertising imagery, signified with a "Real Mark". The company uses natural ingredients, such as argan oil and ginseng root extract, in its products, which are tested on human hair before going into production. It uses an algorithm that identifies a preferred hair color for customers based on answers to 12 questions about their hair. In 2016, Madison Reed released visualization tools such as a chatbot that analyzes primary and secondary tones to customize a customer's dye, and an augmented reality tool that uses a customer's smart phone or laptop camera to simulate a new hair color. The color ingredient used by Madison Reed products is made in Italy.
In 2019, Madison Reed announced plans to expand to over 1,200 Ulta Beauty stores by the end of the year.
# Philothamnus carinatus

Philothamnus carinatus, the thirteen-scaled green snake, is a species of snake of the family Colubridae.
The snake is found in central Africa.
# Pitahaya District

Pitahaya is a district of the Puntarenas canton, in the Puntarenas province of Costa Rica.

## Geography

Pitahaya has an area of 109.66 km$^2$ and an elevation of 10 metres.

## Demographics

For the 2011 census, Pitahaya had a population of 2,211 inhabitants.

## Transportation
### Road transportation

The district is covered by the following road routes:
* National Route 1
* National Route 604
# Prosipho wayae

Prosipho wayae is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Buccinidae, the true whelks.
# 2016 in Bolivia

"none" is preferred when the title alone is adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
Events in the year 2016 in Bolivia.

## Incumbents

* President: Evo Morales
* Vice President: Álvaro García Linera

## Events

* 21 February – A constitutional referendum results in a majority against allowing president Evo Morales to run for a fourth term.

### Sport

* Continuing from 2015 – the 2015–16 Liga de Fútbol Profesional Boliviano season
* 6–14 June – the Bolivia national football team took part in the Copa América Centenario Group D
* 5–21 August – Bolivia at the 2016 Summer Olympics: 12 competitors in 5 sports
* Continuing into 2017 – the 2016–17 Liga de Fútbol Profesional Boliviano season

## Deaths

* 18 January – Armando Loaiza, diplomat and politician (b. 1943).
* 13 March – Beatriz Canedo Patiño, fashion designer (b. 1950).
* 17 June – Angel Gelmi Bertocchi, Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1938).
* 25 August – Rodolfo Illanes, lawyer and politician (b. 1958; murdered)
* 25 September – David Padilla, military officer and politician (b. 1927)
* 27 September – Luis Ossio, politician (b. 1930)
* 5 December – Julia Elena Fortún, historian, anthropologist, folklorist, and ethnomusicologist (b. 1929)
# Phaedranassa brevifolia

Phaedranassa brevifolia is a species of plant that is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry shrubland. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Madison Lake (Ohio)

Madison Lake is a reservoir in Madison County, Ohio located east of London, at 39°52′25″N 83°22′29″W﻿ / ﻿39.87361°N 83.37472°W﻿ / 39.87361; -83.37472. The community of Madison Lake sits on the western shore of the lake.

## History

Work on the lake was started in 1946, when land was deeded to the state for the purpose of building a lake. A dam was built across Deer Creek in this location, and the 6-foot (1.8 m) deep, 98-acre (40 ha) lake was filled within a year. In 1950, the lake was turned over to the Ohio Department of Natural Resources. The 183 acres (74 ha) of land surrounding the lake has since become Madison Lake State Park.
# Kpanpleu

Kpanpleu is a village in the far west of Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Séileu, Danané Department, Tonkpi Region, Montagnes District.
Until 2012, Kpanpleu was in the commune of Kpanpleu-Sin-Houyé. In March 2012, Kpanpleu-Sin-Houyé became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished.
# Philothamnus heterolepidotus

Philothamnus heterolepidotus, the slender green snake, is a species of snake of the family Colubridae.
The snake is found in central Africa.
# LAK Genesis 2

The Genesis 2 is a Standard Class competition glider that was designed by an American team led by Jerry Mercer. It was produced in Lithuania. It is notable in having almost no rear fuselage. However it is not tailless, because it has a small, all-moving tailplane on top of the vertical stabilizer. The tailplane is mainly a trimmer, rather than for longitudinal stability.

## Development

During development it was found that carbon rods formed by the "pultrusion" process could be used to provide a stronger spar. This technique has subsequently been applied to other LAK aircraft. The nosewheel was also made retractable and the wing washout was reduced. The production aircraft with these modifications, which flew in 1998, were called "Genesis 2". There was a breakdown in relations between the American design group and the manufacturers, and so production was stopped after 27 had been made.

## Specifications (Genesis 2)

Data from Activate Media (2006). "Genesis 1 and 2 Group Genesis". Archived from the original on 29 August 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Length: 4.828 m (15 ft 10 in)
* Wingspan: 15 m (49 ft 3 in)
* Height: 2.21 m (7 ft 3 in)
* Wing area: 11.25 m$^2$ (121 sq ft)
* Aspect ratio: 20.2
* Empty weight: 240 kg (530 lb)
* Gross weight: 525 kg (1,157 lb)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 276 km/h (171.5 mph, 149.0 kn)
* Stall speed: 75 km/h (46.6 mph, 40.5 kn)
* g limits: +5.55/-3.55
* Maximum glide ratio: 44
* Rate of sink: 0.58 m/s (114 ft/min)
# Pitahaya, Luquillo, Puerto Rico

Pitahaya is a barrio in the municipality of Luquillo, Puerto Rico. Its population in 2010 was 4,523.

## History

Pitahaya was in Spain's gazetteers until Puerto Rico was ceded by Spain in the aftermath of the Spanish–American War under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 and became an unincorporated territory of the United States. In 1899, the United States Department of War conducted a census of Puerto Rico finding that the population of Pitahaya barrio was 1,103.

## Sites

The Pitahaya River runs through the Casa Blanca sector of the Pitahaya barrio in Luquillo.

## Gallery

* Pitahaya River after Hurricane Isaias
* Corredor Ecológico del Este from PR-3 in Pitahaya
# Kodiyalam

Kodiyalam is a village in the Orathanadu taluk of Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India.

## Demographics

As per the 2001 census, Kodiyalam had a total population of 567 with 280 males and 287 females. The sex ratio was 1025. The literacy rate was 78.13.
# Kokei

Kokei may refer to:
* Kōkei (monk) (c. 977 – 1049), Japanese Buddhist monk
* Kōkei (sculptor) (fl. 1175 – 1200), Japanese sculptor
# 2019 Peruvian promotion play-offs

The 2019 Peruvian promotion play-offs or Cuadrangular de Ascenso 2019 will be held in December 2019 with all games being played at a neutral ground yet to be determined. The play-offs determined the third and fourth team to be promoted to the Liga 1 following that tournament's expansion. The teams placed 2nd and 3rd in the 2019 Liga 2 and 2019 Copa Perú will take part in the promotion play-offs. The top two placed team in the play-offs will gain promotion to the 2020 Liga 1 and the bottom two will qualify to the 2020 Liga 2.

## Background

The Peruvian Football Federation took control of the local domestic league from the Professional Football Sports Association, the tournament organizers, in 2019 and announced that the Peruvian first division tournament would be re-branded for 2019. With this re-branding, the tournament was expand from 16 to 18 teams and then to 20 in 2020. At the beginning of the 2019 season, it was announced that the teams that finished 2nd and 3rd in the bottom two tiers of the Peruvian football league system would compete on the promotion play-offs at the end of the year to decide which two teams would receive the expansion slots.
At the beginning of the 2019 season, the Peruvian Football Federation decided against the decision of further expanding the first division tournament to 20 teams. The teams from the second division refused to begin the 2019 Liga 2 tournament until they received confirmation from the Federation that the expansion agreement reached in 2018 would be respected. As such the Federation accepted the terms and decided to once again organize a promotion play-off similar to the one used in 2018.

## Road to the play-offs
### Segunda División
#### Liguilla Quarterfinals

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| Comerciantes Unidos | 3–5 | Atlético Grau | 3–2 | 0–3 |
| Deportivo Coopsol | 5–0 | Santos | 1–0 | 4–0 |

#### Liguilla Semifinals

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| Deportivo Coopsol | 2–1 | Alianza Atlético | 1–0 | 1–1 |
| Atlético Grau | 4–3 | Juan Aurich | 4–1 | 0–2 |

### Copa Perú
#### Final group stage

| Pos | Teamvte | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| 1 | Carlos Stein | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 2 | +4 | 7 | 2020 Liga 1 |
| 2 | Deportivo Llacuabamba | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 4 | +2 | 4 | Promotion Play-off |
| 3 | Sport Chavelines | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | −1 | 2 | Promotion Play-off |
| 4 | Sport Estrella | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 7 | −5 | 2 | |

## Promotion play-offs

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| 1 | Atlético Grau | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | +2 | 5 | 2020 Liga 1 |
| 2 | Deportivo Llacuabamba | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 2 | +1 | 5 | 2020 Liga 1 |
| 3 | Deportivo Coopsol | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3 | +2 | 4 | 2020 Liga 2 |
| 4 | Sport Chavelines | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 6 | −5 | 1 | 2020 Liga 2 |
# Le Tronquay, Eure

Le Tronquay (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Eure department in Normandy in northern France. It is located in the forest of Lyons, 100 km from Paris and 30 km from Rouen. The village has two primary schools. The commune of Le Tronquay includes the localities Les Cornets, La Grand Fray, La Motte, Le Fresnay, and Les Landez, and notable farms are Les Callouettes, Les Brûlins, Le Bâtiment, and La Garenne.

## History

Le Tronquay was first mentioned in the 12th century. The name Tronquay is probably related to the word tronc meaning "trunk". In 1787, the commune Les Hogues was separated from the territory of Le Tronquay.

## Personalities

* Pierre Guarin, benedictine monk, who published works on Hebrew grammar
* Nicolas Brémontier (1738 in Tronquay - 1809 in Paris)- a general inspector of the départmental routes. He was the first in France who applied plantations of maritime pines in order to fixate moving sand dunes.
# Sybra pluriguttata

Sybra pluriguttata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1942. It is known from Borneo.
# List of companies of the Central African Republic

The Central African Republic is a landlocked country in Central Africa. Despite its significant mineral deposits and other resources, such as uranium reserves, crude oil, gold, diamonds, cobalt, lumber, and hydropower, as well as significant quantities of arable land, the Central African Republic is among the ten poorest countries in the world. As of 2014, according to the Human Development Index (HDI), the country had the second lowest level of human development, ranking 187th out of 188 countries.

## Notable firms

This list includes notable companies with primary headquarters located in the country. The industry and sector follow the Industry Classification Benchmark taxonomy. Organizations which have ceased operations are included and noted as defunct.
Notable companies Active State-owned Defunct :
| Name | Industry | Sector | Headquarters | Founded | Notes |
| Banque Internationale pour la Centrafrique (BICA) | Financials | Banks | Bangui | 1946 | Commercial bank |
| Banque Populaire Maroco Centrafricaine (BPMC) | Financials | Banks | Bangui | 1991 | Commercial bank |
| Commercial Bank Centrafrique (CBCA) | Financials | Banks | Bangui | 1962 | Commercial bank |
| Diamville | Diamond trading | - | Bangui | | Affiliated with Wagner Group |
| Direction des services postaux de l'Office National des Postes et de l'Épargne | Industrials | Delivery services | Bangui | - | Postal services |
| Enerca | Utilities | Conventional electricity | Bangui | 1963 | Electrical infrastructure |
| Groupe Kamach | Conglomerates | - | Bangui | 1972 | Timber, mines, real estate |
| Midas Ressources | Precious metals | - | Bangui | | Affiliated with Wagner Group |
| Socatel | Telecommunications | Fixed line telecommunications | Bangui | 1990 | Telecom |
* Bangui shopping district.
* Oubangui Hotel in Bangui.
* Forestry remains an important contributor to the C. A. R. economy.
# La Bufadora

La Bufadora is a blowhole and tourist attraction located on the Punta Banda Peninsula in Baja California, Mexico, about 17 miles south of Ensenada.

## Natural phenomenon

La Bufadora is often considered a marine geyser, however, it does not have a thermal source or cause, as geysers do. In this case, the spout of sea water is the result of air, trapped in a sea cave, exploding upwards. Air is forced into the cave by wave action and is released when the water recedes, ejecting water up to 100 ft. above sea level. This interaction not only creates the spout, but a thunderous noise as well.
The interval between eruptions is fairly constant, and matches the dominant swell, confirming that the activity at La Bufadora is determined by surface ocean waves. Between 2005 and 2011 the recurrence between eruptions was between 13 and 17 seconds.
La Bufadora is one of the largest blowholes in the world.

## Legend

The legend regarding La Bufadora is that a whale became trapped in the rocky point and blew water to attract its pod’s attention. Eventually, the whale turned to stone, staying there forever.

## Tourist attraction

La Bufadora is one of Ensenada's main tourist attractions, and there are several souvenir and food vendors overlooking the site. In 2017, 150 businesses were operating at La Bufadora.
# Pitakanda

Pitakanda is a village in Sri Lanka. It is located within Central Province.
# Sonográfica

Sonográfica is a record label based in Caracas, Venezuela. It had links with Empresas 1BC, which also owned Radio Caracas Televisión (RCTV) and Radio Caracas Radio, among other businesses.
During the 1980s, it supported Venezuelan musical talent as the result of a national decree known as "One for One", which required radio stations to play one song performed by a Venezuelan artist for every foreign song. This way, numerous Venezuelan artists such as Ilan Chester, Maria Rivas, Daiquirí, Franco de Vita, Carlos Mata, Rudy La Scala, Yordano etc., were promoted locally and internationally.
The label always maintained a rivalry with its counterpart: the Cisneros Organisation, partners of Rodven Discos and its affiliate, Sonorodven Distributors. Every release by the latter company resulted in a release from Sonográfica.
Sonográfica was solely a music-distributing company for the products coming from their pressing plant Sonoindustrial and which was often recorded in their own studio, Telearte Studios. Sonográfica's releases were very popular. Their alliances with Palacio and Velvet promoted a higher number of artists, and allow them to release music based on their catalog only. Later, due to the decline in the music market, the business was sold to another company.
Sonográfica is still active, but it is far from being the business that promoted national talent in Venezuela as it used to do in the past. Its operation has been affected by the increase in piracy and by the absence of a link with the Empresas 1BC, which provided support in their early days.
Sonografica was purchased by the company of Alvaro Veli to become Sonografica Music Digital operating from Madrid Spain. It acquired all the catalog of original masters of music in Caracas, Venezuela, under the brand Sonografica Music & Distribuidora Sonografica Digital.

## Controversies

Sonográfica, along with its counterpart Rodven Discos, did not escape censure and controversy caused by many of its releases. Some examples include:
* In 1990, former President Carlos Andrés Pérez prohibited the playing on air of the Christmas song "La Gata Blanca" ("The White Cat"). Public opinion supposed that the prohibition, more than for its political content (it attacked two political figures), occurred because of two words which were spoken in the song.
* In 1991, the CD "Las Odas de Emilio Lovera" ("The Odes of Emilio Lovera"), produced by the comedian Laureano Márquez and interpreted by his colleague Emilio Lovera was vetted and those responsible for it were investigated by the Ministry of Transport and Communications. The reason given was that this album was offensive to the President, as well as to many other political figures.
* In 1994, after pop singer Ricardo Montaner fell out with his record label, Sonorodven, Sonográfica took him under its wing. This occurrence caused a legal dispute between the two companies, and increased the struggle that existed between them for over 14 years.
# Protestantism in Costa Rica

A study made by the University of Costa Rica in 2021 showed that 19% of the population were Evangelical Christians and 1% were Traditional Protestants.
In Latin America most Protestants are called Evangelicos. There are different Protestant denominations that are active there, mostly Evangelical, Pentecostal, Lutheran, Baptist, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Adventist and the Costa Rican Evangelical Presbyterian Church. The country is also 47% Catholic.
The first Seventh-day Adventist missionaries arrived in 1903, and the Adventist church currently had
55,680 members in the country in 2001.
# Pseudomyrmex leptosus

Pseudomyrmex leptosus is a species of ant in the genus Pseudomyrmex. It is endemic to certain regions in the United States. The species has completely lost its worker caste.
# Left rotation

Left rotation refers to the following
* In an array, moving all items to the next lower location. The first item is moved to the last location, which is now vacant.
* In a list, removing the head and inserting it at the tail.
* In machine code (and assembly language) moving all bits in a register to the left, with the leftmost (most significant bit) becoming the rightmost.

## Tree rotation

In a binary search tree, a left rotation is the movement of a node, X, down to the left. This rotation assumes that X has a right child (or subtree). X's right child, R, becomes X's parent node and R's left child becomes X's new right child. This rotation is done to balance the tree; specifically when the right subtree of node X has a significantly (depends on the type of tree) greater height than its left subtree.
Left rotations (and right) are order preserving in a binary search tree; it preserves the binary search tree property (an in-order traversal of the tree will yield the keys of the nodes in proper order). AVL trees and red–black trees are two examples of binary search trees that use the left rotation.
A single left rotation is done in O(1) time but is often integrated within the node insertion and deletion of binary search trees. The rotations are done to keep the cost of other methods and tree height at a minimum.
# Sybra picta

Sybra picta is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1939.