OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Royal Commission on Technical Instruction

The Royal Commission on Technical Instruction was a British Royal Commission that sat from 1881 until 1884 and was chaired by Sir Bernhard Samuelson.
The Commission's terms of reference were "to inquire into the Instruction of the Industrial Classes of certain Foreign Countries in technical and other subjects, for the purpose of comparison with that of the corresponding classes in this Country". Alongside Samuelson on the Commission there were H. E. Roscoe, Philip Magnus, John Slagg, Swire Smith and William Woodall. Its secretary was Gilbert Redgrave.
The Commission's Report appeared in five volumes. Volume I was made up of general reports on technical education on the Continent and in Britain, with reports on manufacturing and schools. Volume II contained a report by H. M. Jenkins on agricultural education in Britain, France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Belgium, Denmark and Holland, with a report on technical education in the United States and on Canadian elementary education by William Mather. Volumes III, IV and V contained Thomas Wardle's report on the silk industry, Professor Sullivan's plan for Irish technical education and the minutes of evidence and appendices.
The Commission recommended a unified system of elementary and secondary education. The Commissioners reported on their visit to a Swiss elementary school that they "were especially struck with the clean and tidy appearance of the boys, and there was difficulty in realising that the school consisted mainly of children of the lower classes of the population". In regards to Germany, they said: "The one point in which Germany is overwhelmingly superior to England is in schools, and in the education of all classes of the people. ... [T]he dense ignorance so common among workmen in England is unknown".
The Commissioners also wrote,
   [I]t is our duty to state that, although the display of continental manufacturers at the Paris International Exhibition in 1878 had led us to expect great progress, we were not prepared for so remarkable a development of their natural resources, nor for such perfection in their industrial establishments as we actually found. ... Your commissioners cannot repeat too often that they have been impressed with the general intelligence and technical knowledge of the masters and managers of industrial establishments on the Continent.
# Madurai Tamil Koothan Nagan Devanar

Nagan Devanar, known in full as Madurai Tamil Koothan Nagan Devanar (Tamil: மதுரைத் தமிழ்க் கூத்தன் நாகன்தேவனார்), was a poet of the Sangam period, to whom a sole verse of the Sangam literature has been attributed, in addition to verse 12 of the Tiruvalluva Maalai.

## Biography

Nagan Devanar was born as "Devanar" and lived in Madurai. He was known for his expertise in the ancient Tamil theatre.

## Contribution to the Sangam literature

Nagan Devanar has written a sole Sangam verse—verse 164 of the Agananuru—apart from verse 12 of the Tiruvalluva Maalai.

### Views on Valluvar and the Kural

Nagan Devanar opines about Valluvar and the Kural text thus:
   It is no wonder if those who have bathed in the water of a tank abounding with lotus-flowers will not desire to bathe in any other water; but it is a wonder indeed if they who have read Valluvar’s work will desire to read any other work.
# Aerospace Testing Alliance

Aerospace Testing Alliance (ATA) is a defunct aerospace engineering company in the United States of America. It was the prime contractor of the US Air Force's Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC), in Tullahoma, Tennessee from 2003 until 2016.
Launched in 2003, ATA was a joint operation of Jacobs Sverdrup, General Physics, Computer Sciences Corporation (CSC), DynCorp. ATA was contracted at $2.7 Billion for a 12-year period.
The Center is now operated by National Aerospace Solutions
# Mary Kirkwood

Mary Kirkwood (December 21, 1904 – June 17, 1995) was an American artist and a professor at the University of Idaho from 1930 to 1970. Kirkwood earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Montana in Missoula, Montana, and a master of fine arts degree from the University of Oregon in Eugene, Oregon, and completed graduate work at the Royal Art School in Stockholm, Sweden and the College of Art Study Abroad in Paris. The same year, she began teaching at the University of Idaho as a professor of painting and history of painting, and remained with the university for 40 years, until retiring in 1970.
Kirkwood is credited with introducing University of Idaho students to modernist techniques and concepts. Her work is held in the collection of the University of Idaho and Portland Art Museum.

## Background

Mary Kirkwood was born in Hillsboro, Oregon, on December 21, 1904, at the home of her grandparents. Her family lived in Syracuse, New York, Mexico, and Tucson, Arizona before settling in Missoula, Montana, when she was four years old. Kirkwood remained in Missoula and graduated from the University of Montana in 1926. Four years later, in 1930, she earned her master of fine arts degree from the University of Oregon, where she was a member of Pi Lambda Delta.

## Influence

A number of her commissioned portraits hang at the University of Idaho. A 1980 painting titled Kate is in the collections at the Portland Art Museum in Portland, Oregon.
There is a scholarship in her name at the University of Idaho. The Jordan Schnitzer Museum of Art at the University of Oregon retains a 1930 painting in its archives of Adam and Eve, produced as part of Kirkwood's MFA degree.

## Work
### Agricultural Science Building Mural

"...nothing could deter Assistant Professor Mary Kirkwood of Art as she sat on a scaffold day after day, painting a mural in the building's lobby. The mural depicted the State's varied types of agriculture, from wheat farming on the rolling Palouse Hills to row-cropping on the level, irrigated Snake River Plain."
# 6 Tauri

6 Tauri, also designated t Tauri, is a chemically peculiar star in the northern constellation of Taurus. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 5.8, so, according to the Bortle scale, it is faintly visible from suburban skies at night. Measurements made with the Gaia spacecraft show an annual parallax shift of 9.0 mas, which is equivalent to a distance of around 363 light years from the Sun.
A stellar classification of B9III matches that of a B-type giant star, but a more detailed analysis gives a type of kB8HeB9.5V(HgMn), indicating a main sequence mercury-manganese star. Mercury-manganese stars are chemically peculiar stars with a specific over-abundance of mercury and manganese absorption lines in their spectra.
6 Tauri has a mass 2.8 times that of the Sun and a radius 2.5 times the Sun's. With an effective temperature of 10,963 K, it shines with a bolometric luminosity of 79 L$_☉$. Evolutionary models indicate that it is still on the main sequence with an age of 224 million years.
# Siege of Marabastad

The siege of Marabastad was a siege of Fort Marabastad, in present day Limpopo, South Africa, carried out by the Boer Republic of Transvaal, starting on 11 January 1881, and ending with British surrender on 2 April 1881. It took place during the First Boer War, during which Boer forces besieged several British garrisons across the country.

## Background

In early 1880, British forces in Transvaal decided to build a fort in the village, due to its remoteness from other British South African forts, with it being 165 miles (266 km) from Pretoria. Marabastad and the Zoutpansberg district had a population of 300,000–400,000 natives, along with an additional 175,000 in Waterberg. A fort was needed to control the large native population. In February 1880, two detachments of the 94th Regiment, under Captain Campbell, reached Marabastad, the first British forces to reach this part of South Africa. Within three months, the fort had been built.
On 29 November 1880, Captain Campbell was ordered to march to Pretoria. Along with a company of 60 men, Campbell left for the city, leaving behind a company of 60 men in Marabastad. Campbell left Captain E.S. Brooks in command, along with Lieutenant F.G.W. Jones and Surgeon Harding, A.M.D.

## Preparations for the siege

Following the British defeat at Bronkhorstspruit on 20 December, Lieutenant Jones received orders to prepare for siege. Captain Brook immediately began preparations. He expanded his command, recruiting 30 English volunteers. They were joined by 50 South African Natives from the Transvaal Mounted Police, commanded by Captain Thompson and Lieutenant Gleniston, which had marched forty miles south from Wood-Bush.
In December, a trench of 25 square yards was dug around the fort. Supplies of food and ammunition were stored and corn seized from the natives.

## Siege

In January, the Boers approached Marabastad. They were divided into two laagers - one at Sand Spruit and one at Botha's Farm. On 11 January, Commandant Barend Vorster requested Captain Brook to stop taking corn from the village, effectively beginning the siege. On 19 January, a British patrol of 15 Transvaal Mounted Police under Thompson and ten volunteers were sent to scout the Boers at Sand Spruit. They were unexpectedly attacked and defeated by a larger force, leaving one policeman dead and two wounded, along with two volunteers wounded. The Boers also suffered several men injured. The patrol quickly retreated to the fort, with the two policemen being taken prisoner. Following this engagement, Vorster requested Captain Brook to surrender, but also told Brook that he would not attack the British as long as no more reconnaissance took place.
# Sasamuta Shrine

Sasamuta Jinja (西寒多神社) is a Shinto shrine in the Soda neighborhood of the city of Ōita in Ōita Prefecture, Japan. It is one of the shrines claiming to be the ichinomiya of former Bungo Province. The main festival of the shrine is held annually on April 15.

## Enshrined kami

The kami enshrined at Sasamuta Jinja is Sasamuta-Ōkami (西寒多大神), which is an amalgamation of:
* Amaterasu (天照皇大御神)
* Tsukuyomi-no-Mikoto (月読尊)
* Ame-no-oshihomimi (天忍穗耳尊)

## History

According to the Ōita Gunshi (大分郡志), Empress Jingu visited Mount Sasamuta on her way back from the conquest of the Korean Peninsula, and planted a white flag at the top of the mountain as proof of her visit. The local people revered it and tied a fence around it to worship it. Later, in April of the 9th year of Emperor Ojin's reign, Takenouchi no Sukune built a shrine on the site, which established that the mountain was a sacred mountain. The shrine first appears in documentary history in an article dated March 22, 869, in the Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku, where it is written that Sasamuta-Ōkami was given the rank of Junior Fifth Rank. It reappears in the Engishiki listing of the mid-Heian period, where it has the distinction of being classed as the only "major shrine" in Bungo Province. Although it declined after the late Heian period, it was revived by the Ōtomo clan, from the Kamakura period onwards. In March 1408, Ōtomo Shinze relocated the shrine from the top of the mountain to its current location at the foot of the mountain. During the Edo period, the Makino clan and then the Naitō clan of Nobeoka Domain, frequently sponsored renovation and repairs, and their feudal retainers also donated items such as stone lanterns.
During the Meiji period era of State Shinto, the shrine was designated as a National shrine, 2nd rank (国幣中社, kokuhei-chūsha) under the Modern system of ranked Shinto Shrines

## Mannen-bashi

The Mannenbashi (万年橋) is a 22-meter long single-arch stone bridge that spans the Samuda River (commonly known as the Misogi River), which flows through the entrance to Sasamuta Shrine. It was designated as a Tangible Cultural Property of Ōita Prefecture on April 8, 1980. Not only is the main structure an arch, but the road surface also forms a gentle arc, and the stonework between the road surface and the arch is narrow. In 1862 at the end of the Edo period, the village headman of Samuta village, which was then part of the Nobeoka Domain, started a stone masonry business in Shibakita village, Ono district (currently Bungo-ono, Ōita), which was part of Oka Domain.

## Gallery

* Torii
* Mout Hongu
* Honden
* Kagura-den
* Mannen-bashi (P.ICIP)
# Ring languages

The Ring or Ring Road languages, spoken in the Western Grassfields of Cameroon, form a branch of the Narrow Grassfields languages. The best-known Ring language is Kom.
The family is named after the old Ring Road of central Cameroon.

## Languages

* Centre: Babanki, Mmen, Kom, Mbessa, Bum, Kung, Kuk, Oku
* East: Nso (Lamnso')
* South: Vengo, Wushi, Bamunka, Kenswei Nsei
* West: Aghem, Isu, Laimbue, Weh, Zhoa
# List of companies of Ivory Coast

Ivory Coast (also known as Côte d'Ivoire) is a country located in West Africa. Ivory Coast's political capital is Yamoussoukro, and its economic capital and largest city is the port city of Abidjan. Ivory Coast has, for the region, a relatively high income per capita (US$1014.4 in 2013) and plays a key role in transit trade for neighboring, landlocked countries. The country is the largest economy in the West African Economic and Monetary Union, constituting 40% of the monetary union’s total GDP. The country is the world's largest exporter of cocoa beans, and the fourth-largest exporter of goods, in general, in sub-Saharan Africa (following South Africa, Nigeria, and Angola).

## Notable firms

This list includes notable companies with primary headquarters located in the country. The industry and sector follow the Industry Classification Benchmark taxonomy. Organizations which have ceased operations are included and noted as defunct.
Notable companies Active State-owned Defunct :
| Name | Industry | Sector | Headquarters | Founded | Notes |
| Abidjan Transport Company | Consumer services | Travel & tourism | Abidjan | 1960 | Passenger transit, infrastructure |
| Air Afrique | Consumer services | Airlines | Abidjan | 1961 | Airline, defunct 2002 |
| Air Côte d'Ivoire | Consumer services | Airlines | Abidjan | 2012 | State airline |
| Air Ivoire | Consumer services | Airlines | Abidjan | 1960 | Airline, defunct 2011 |
| Autonomous Port of Abidjan | Industrials | Transportation services | Abidjan | 1951 | Commercial port |
| Interivoire | Consumer services | Airlines | Abidjan | 1978 | Airline, defunct 1979 |
| Ivoirienne de Transports Aériens | Industrials | Delivery services | Abidjan | 2007 | Cargo airline |
| La Poste | Industrials | Delivery services | Abidjan | 1945 | Postal services |
| Nouvelle Air Ivoire | Consumer services | Airlines | Abidjan | 1999 | Airline, merged into Air Ivoire in 2000 |
* Abidjan financial center.
* Autonomous Port of Abidjan in 2009.
* A banana plantation in the Ivory Coast.
# Masters of the Universe: The Arcade Game

Masters of the Universe: The Arcade Game is a platform game developed by Adventure Soft for the Amstrad CPC, BBC Micro, Commodore 64, and ZX Spectrum and published by U.S. Gold in 1987. The game is part of the Masters of the Universe media franchise. The Commodore 64 version is titled He-Man and the Masters of the Universe: The Ilearth Stone.
In the same year, U.S. Gold also published Masters of the Universe: The Super Adventure.
# Molson (disambiguation)

Molson is a former brewing company and the brand name of its beer.
Molson may also refer to:

## Related to the brewing company

* Molson family, a Canadian family that has been influential in business and politics
* Molson Coors Beverage Company, the company that currently owns the Molson brand
* Molson Bank, a former Canadian bank
   * Molson Bank Building, its headquarters in Montreal
* Molson Stadium, a stadium in Montreal
* Molson Cup, an ice hockey trophy
* Molson Amphitheatre, a concert hall in Toronto
* Molson Prize, an arts prize
* Barrie Molson Centre, an arena
* Molson, Washington, a mining town named for John W. Molson
* Molson Canadian Rocks for Toronto, a benefit concert
* John Molson School of Business at Concordia University
* Molson Centre, former name of Montreal's main arena (renamed Bell Centre)

## Other uses

* Hugh Molson, Baron Molson, British MP and Peer
* Mark Molson, American bridge player
* Molson Lake (Manitoba)
* Molson Lake Airport
# The Silencers (novel)

The Silencers is the title of a 1962 spy novel by Donald Hamilton, the fourth in a series of books featuring assassin Matt Helm.

## Plot summary

When a female agent in Mexico is killed before Helm can complete his mission to extract her, he finds himself teamed up with the woman's sister as he fights to save the lives of a number of scientists and Congressmen.

## Film adaptation

The Silencers has the distinction of being the first Matt Helm novel adapted as a film. The movie version was released in 1966 and starred Dean Martin as Helm. Rather than follow Hamilton's storyline, the filmmakers took elements of the plot, combined it with elements of the first Helm book, Death of a Citizen, and cast the story in a comedic vein, spoofing the James Bond film franchise.
# Royal Trust

Royal Trust may refer to:
* Royal Trust (Belgium)
* Royal Trust (Canada), a trust company founded in 1899 in Montreal and part of Royal Bank of Canada since 1993
* Royal Collection Trust, a British charitable body established in 1993
* The Princess Royal Trust for Carers (UK)
# Synanthedon alenica

Synanthedon alenica is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It is known from Equatorial Guinea.
# Tatopani

Tatopani may refer to several places in Nepal:
* Tatopani, Jumla, Karnali
** Tatopani (village), Jumla, Karnali
* Tatopani, Myagdi
* Tatopani, Sindhupalchok
* Tatopani, Surkhet
# The Fateful Day (1921 film)

The Fateful Day (German: Der Schicksalstag) is a 1921 German silent film directed by Adolf E. Licho and starring Mady Christians, Kurt Stieler, and Karl Beckersachs.
The film's sets were designed by the art director Robert Neppach.

## Cast

* Mady Christians as Felicitas / Harriet Steel / Jelena / Marietta
* Kurt Stieler as Baron Rafale
* Karl Beckersachs as Jonny Steel
* Ilka Grüning as Gräfin
* William Huch
* Eugen Klöpfer
* Albert Paul [de]
* Harald Paulsen
* Rolf Prasch
* Ernst Rückert as Graf
* Franz Schönfeld
* Richard Starnburg
* Hans Sternberg
# Martin Gottlieb

Martin Gottlieb is an American journalist and newspaper editor for the publication The City who has been the assistant managing editor/investigations for Newsday since 2016. From 2012 to 2016, he was editor of The Record of Bergen County, New Jersey, where he began his career as a newspaper journalist in 1971. During his tenure at The Record, the paper broke the story of the George Washington Bridge Scandal.
Previously, from 2008 to 2011, Gottlieb was the global editions editor of The New York Times; in this capacity, he oversaw production of the International Herald Tribune. He first joined The Times as a metro reporter in 1983, covering topics such as Donald Trump's Television City project, Harry Macklowe's demolition of four buildings on West 44th Street without a permit, and the redevelopment of Times Square.
Gottlieb has also served as associate managing editor, deputy culture editor, and national project editor of The New York Times, managing editor of the New York Daily News, and editor-in-chief of The Village Voice. In 1971, he also spent three months on the "lobster shift" (late evening to early morning) at the New York Post.

## Education

Gottlieb received his bachelor's degree from Queens College and a master's degree from Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism. He received a Loeb Fellowship from the Harvard University Graduate School of Design in 1979.
He has taught journalism at the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism and at NYU. In 2008, Gottlieb was the James H. Ottoway Professor of Journalism at SUNY New Paltz and, in 2009, he was a Princeton University Council of Humanities Professor of Journalism.

## Awards and honors

Gottlieb has been nominated for several Pulitzer Prizes, including one for The Record's work on the heroin epidemic in northern New Jersey and one for the paper's coverage of the George Washington Bridge Scandal, and has also served as a jurist for the Pulitzer Prizes. The International Herald Tribune won "La Une" from the French Publishers Association under his leadership, the only time the award has been given to a non-French language paper.
He won the George Polk Award for investigative journalism, in recognition of a New York Times series on allegation of corruption at the Columbia/HCA Hospital Corp., which was the largest hospital chain in the country. In 2019, he was one of four recipients of the Columbia Journalism School Alumni Awards.
# TFVC

TFVC may refer to :
* Texans for Vaccine Choice, a political action committee in the U.S state of Texas.
* Team Foundation Version Control, a version control system of Azure DevOps, formerly known as Team Foundation Server and Visual Studio Team System
# Michael Shmith

Michael Shmith (born 7 July 1949) is an Australian journalist and writer.
He was born on 7 July 1949, the son of Athol Shmith and his wife Patricia "Bambi" née Tuckwell (they later divorced). He worked at The Age in Melbourne from 1981 until 1995, when he became communications director for the Australian Ballet. Shmith was then a senior writer for The Age and its arts editor from 1985 to 1993. From 2010 to 2017 he was the paper's opera critic. He resigned from the position in August 2017 alleging it was over a disagreement with The Age's arts editor who had no space left to publish an unsolicited review.
He edited the 1999 Ebury Publishing edition of The New Pocket Kobbé's Opera Book with his stepfather George Lascelles, 7th Earl of Harewood.
# 6s8

6s8 or 6S8 may refer to:
* KSVK 12.7 anti-material rifle
* Laurel Municipal Airport, Montana, United States
# Siegfried Thomaschki

Siegfried Thomaschki (20 March 1894 – 31 May 1967) was a German general during World War II who commanded the 11th Infantry Division. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves of Nazi Germany.
Thomaschki surrendered to the Soviet forces in the Courland Pocket on 8 May 1945. Convicted in the Soviet Union as a war criminal, he was held until 1955.

## Awards and decorations

* Iron Cross (1914) 2nd Class (31 November 1914) & 1st Class (27 January 1917)
* Clasp to the Iron Cross (1939) 2nd Class & 1st Class (18 December 1939)
* German Cross in Gold on 19 December 1941 as Oberst and Arko 123
* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
** Knight's Cross on 1 November 1942 as Generalmajor and commander of 11. Infanterie-Division
** Oak Leaves on 11 September 1943 as Generalleutnant and commander of 11.Infanterie-Division
# Anadara secernenda

Anadara secernenda, also known as baughman ark or skewed arkis is a saltwater clam in the family Arcidae, which includes the ark shells. This species is found in the Caribbean Sea and off the shores of Brazil. It was discovered in 1851.

## Description

Shells of Anadara secernenda are 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) in length.

## Distribution and habitat

Anadara secernenda is found offshore, to as deep as 91 metres (299 ft).